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DICTIONARY 

or 

NATIONAL BIOGRAPHY 

Wordsworth Zuylestein 



DICTIONARY 



OF 



NATIONAL BIOGRAPHY 



EDITED BV 

SIDNEY LEE 



vol. lxiil 
Wordsworth Zuylestein 



THE MACMILLAN COMPANY 

LONDON ; SMITH, ELDER, & CO. 
1900 



Oh- ■ 



/■ 



LIBRARf OF THE 
LELAND STANFORD JR. UmERSITY. 

JUL 27 1900 

[-.-■■- 



THE 



DICTIONARY of NATIONAL BIOGRAPHY 

A STATISTICAL ACCOUNT 



The present volume brings the ' Dictionary of National Biography ' to 
the end of the alphabet, and thus completes an undertaking of excep- 
tional magnitude in the history of publishing. The goal has been 
reached after eighteen years of unremitting labour, and, like travellers 
at the end of a long and difficult journey, those who are resix>nsible 
for the design and execution of the Dictionary turn their thoughts 
instinctively on the conclusion of their task to the general features 
of the ground they have traversed and to some of the obstacles they 
have surmounted on the road. A detailed history of the enterprise is 
needless, for it has been conducted in the full tight of day. But facts 
and figures are in accord with the spirit of the Dictionary, and a few 
facts and figures may be fittingly presented here by way of recalling the 
chief incidents in its progress and of indicating some of the statistical 
results which a survey of the completed work suggests. 

The ' Dictionary of National Biography ' owes its existence to Mr. 
George M. Smith, of Smith, Elder, & Co. In 1882, aft«r a career as a ^ 
publisher which had already extended over nearly forty years, he "y> 
resolved to produce a cycloptedia of biography which should be cf P* 
permanent utility to his countrymen and should surpass in literary valae h 

works of similar character that had either been published or were in j 

course of publication on the Continent of Europe. | Mr. ^inUh's' first 
design was an improved and extended cycloptedia of imiversal biography 
on the plan of the ' Biographie Universelle,' the latest edition of which 
was issued in forty large volumes in Paris between 1848 and 1863, He 
proposed to render his projected work more complete and more trust- 
worthy than any that had preceded it by entrusting its preparation to a 
numerous staff of editors and contributors at home and in foreign 



^. 



ny- 



coantrien. But Mr. Smith took connsel with Hr. Lealio Stephen, who 
conviiii'C-d him that tho m^uHUruluus growth throughout tb« world ii) late 
years of tlie materials of historical and biogra]ihical rei>earch rendered 
the execution of a cyclopjedia of universal biography on the sugRested 
Boole alino(>t impracticable. Atting on Mr. Stephen's advice, Mr. Smith 
resolved to confine his efforts to the production of a complete dictionary 
of national biography which i^hould supply full, accurate, and concise 
bi(^raX)hic» of all noteworthy inhahitAnte of tho British Islands and the 
Colonies (exclusive ofjiv-ing persons) from the earlietit historical period 
to tho prce»nt tim^ The chaugo of phin was justified on many grounds. 
While it was irapoRsihle to deal exhauslivoly and authorilalivcly with 
universal biography within the compass of a single literary under- 
taking, that tield had bK^n more or less efficiently surveyed in France 
and Germany, and English students ha<I at their command modern 
cyclopiediati on the subject in foreign tongues which made some 
approach to adequacy. On the other hand, although in Germany, 
Holland, Belgium, Austria, and Sweden cycloptedtas of national 
biography bad been set on foot with a view to satisfying the just 
patriotic instinct of each nation, as wcli a» the due requirementa 
of historical knowledge, there had been no earnest endeavour of a 
like kind tor nenriy a century in this country. Only one venture in 
national biography of an exhaustive and uuthoi-iuti\'e kind had been 
previously carried to completion in thui counlry, and that venture 
belonged to tho oightoeulh wolury. 'The Diograpliia Britanaicu, or 
the Lives of tho moot Eminent Persons who have flourished in Groat 
Britain and Ireland from the Kai'liest .Ages down to the Present 1'imes,' 
was inaugurated in 1747, am] was completed in seven folio volumes in 
1766. A second edition in five folio volumi-M. which was liogim m 1776, 
reached the l>e!ginning of the letter F in its I'tfth volume in 17LIS, and 
did not go further. This was the latest effort in national biography of 
which the country could boast before the ' Dictiomiry of National 
Biogniphy.* Alexander Chalmers's * Biographical Dictionary,' which 
' ^as completed in thirty-two volumes in lyiJ. and Hose's ' New General 
Biographical Dictionary,' which was begun in 1839 and completed in 
twelve volumes in ISJV, were inadequate experiment.8 in universal 
biography; and after 1847, when the twelfth volumeof Rose's Dictionary 
was published, tlie field botli of univerwtl and of national biography 
was for the time practically abandoned by English workers. In the 
years that followed, l)ie need for an exhaustive and authoritative treat- 
ment of nalionut biography was ntpeatotlly admiltvd by general readers 
and stndents, and was often passively contemplated by men of letters 
and by publishers, but no one had the boldnees seriously to face the 



A Statistical Account 




■livf 






etecution oLthe task until Ur. Smith Iwgao operations on this IHctitKiary , 
in 1882. jtim design sntisfied none of the condilions of a mwely oom- 
mereiat ventnre. It was obvious from the Gritt that the outlay would fnr 
«xoeod that hitherto ijiTolved in publishers' undertakiugs, and there waa W»« 
little m no prospect of a return of the capital Uiat wm n«ed«l to itecnre ^ — 
tJie completion of the work on a thoroughly ade^tiate scale. But it wm 
in no commercial spirit ihut Ur. Smith umbarked od the enterprise, 
and he has iguorcd considerations of prolit and io»a in providing for 
its conduet to a suecesBful iaBueJ 

Mr. LeiiUe Slepben was appoiut«d editor iu the autumn of 1882, and 
active work v«>» then commenced. ^^Ust of names which it was judged 
desirable to treat under A wan compiled uuder Mr. Stephen's direction 
ij Ur. IL It. Teddfir, with Wme att^ibtauce from Mr. C. F. Kcary. It 
eesantial tiiat the dictionary should c odif y all scattered biographical 
ffortB that had hitherto bwn madii iii the country. Thus the first, likeJ 
tlie subsetjuent lists of iiaiu<»>, which furuiud tht; primary foundation ofl 
le work, compriaed all names that had hitherto been treated in 
iSpendent works of biography, in general dictionaricis, in collections otJ 
ives (A prominent inemb«rs of various clashes of the community, and' 
in obituary notices in the leaduig journals and periodicals. At the same 
time it was found thiit many names which had hitherto escajted bio*, 
(jrapbical uotivu were as impoitant as many of those whicli had already 
retMiTed some kind of attention from biographers. These omissions it 
WHS t)ie special province of a new and complete Dictionary to supply. 
For this purpose it was noeassaiy to explore ui (he task of ^alliuring 
the names a wide field of historical and scientilic literature, and to take 
a survey of the most miitcellaiieoas rocordti and reports of human ^ 
^effort. The firi>t list of names, which was compiled in acoordauoo with ' 
leae piinfi^^s, was, as soon as it was printed, posted on the 10th of 
anuary 1888 to persons- most of Ihem boiug apocijilisls of literary 
e}i|>4.-ribnce' -who it was l>elieved would Iw willing and com{>et«ul to 
write articlee. Numerous applications were reiwived from those who 
were prepared to contribute to the Dictionary, and the names in A 
wore distributed among Uie applicants by Mr. Stephen]^ Meanwhile 
the original editorial staff was finally constituted by the appointment 
of Mr. Thotu)»on Cooper to the post c^ compiler of the lists of names 
to lie treated under H and future letters, and Mr. Stephen selected Ur. 
ley Lee in ^larch 1883 to till the office of assistant-editor. 
The mocond list of names (llaalun-Beechey) was completed in June ' 
S, and by the kindness of the editor of the ' Atheiueum ' it was 
printed in the cohnnns of that joarnol. Beaders of the ' Atfaeniemn ' 
were invited to offer suggestions or corrections to the editor of the 




^ 



The Dictionary of National Biography 




1 



KetaoBu;. Tbm iobbU wae t«7 nlo»Ue, aad kll ioliMfMiit UsU 
MN •taiT tnll-yMT— in October utd AprS— olmitted to the like test 
of prf4ie erititiaa bcfon Ibqr were dittribrtri BaoBg Ifae eoBtnbatoni 

U vafi detensjoed at the CNttset to poUiiti iwcwrive tqIoiims of the 
■t ^OBrtBiiy uriembb I MdbIi ranndi wm imvlnd sod noeii 
BH nqsond is the eoo^Sstiaa ud «fitiag d ■ mflirimt DimiW 
Particle* to tsake apsToImse. Not onlf nfi it inteoded to pnsent u 
br aa poniUe in ereiy cue Ae ktast r— hi dl laop»phkal »nA 
fairtacic*] fcteerch. bat tfa« pintip to of file Dietkowr obUBed ooiitri- 
taton to seek intomatioo bam fint-band authoritiiB. mnd oAcn (nm 
mnpMaaimd fafKM and neords. It vu made ao indi^eBaable ecndition 
that wrilen alioidd a|ipend to each .article a bdl Uit of the aooRM 
viWDce Ihcir infomutkio vas derive^ in order to ioaai* pmctoality 
in the prcfeeted qBartcriy im9», irvaa Ibanlcm neecsBary that the 
voric ahodd be tMr adramed beiore the first TGlmiie mmued. Two 
ymnf fn^mimtj inpanliao vms eawntial belon pabUeatiao could be 
■ately tKniimwtfi . Anotdingjljr it vaa oot until the 1st of Janoaiy 
1886 that Ibe fint mtome (Abbadie to Amw) «M pabfahad The 
rolmne cootaioed 505 separate artideB, from the pens oi eigh^-eenn 
coatabalon. 

Binee the date of the ai^warance of the tint mfaoM a farther 
inatalmeat, areraf^g 460 pag«e, has been tasaed vitfa ttnbrokea ptmc- 
taalil; on erefj eneoeeare qnarter^j antfl the completion of the vork. 
From Cfahstmaa 1884 until lUdsamnMr 1900, throng &neen and a half 
years, the original pnxaise cA qttarterty poblieatioa has been faithfoUy 
kepC No nniUr Utemj oodertaking, embodying etnally thorough 
and extenare seeearch. and proceeding from aa equally lar^ body of 
*rit«n. baa eilber been prodoced with a Hke regalarity in regard to the 
iasne of the sernral parts, or hai bean finally complied vithin a 
ahortir period of Ume. 

The poUication of iixty-three quarterly volumes in fiftc«n and a ball 
year* compares rery taroorably with the modee and rates of pablicatioo 
which have dkaracteriseci the issae of cyclopedias of natknal Inography 
abroad. Tbe sneeeaaire volames of foreign dictionariee ha\*e iuvariaihly 
appeared at trregolar intervaU, and in the case of ereiy \tt>rk whtrb has 
any claim to be compared n-itti this I>ictioBaiT, the publication of Ibe 
whole haa spread over far more ycArs than in the ease of the ' Dictionary 
of National Biography.' The publication of Uie Swedish Dictionary of 
National Biography in tventy-thn« volumes covered twenty-two yean 
(1835-57) ; the Dutch Dictionary, b twenty-four volumes, occupied 
twen^-aiz year* (1852-7tf) ; the Austrian Dictiooaty, in sixty roluwes. 



A 



A Statistical Account ix 



Ihirty-five years (1856-91) ; and the German Dictionary, in forty-five 
volmnee, twenty-five years (1676-1900) ; while the ' Biographie Na- 
tionale ' of Belgimn, though it has been thirty-one years in progress 
(1866-97), has not yet pasBod beyond the letter M. Appleton's ' Cyclo- 
pEedia of American Biography ' was planned on a far less elaborate 
Bcale than the. works that have just been enumerated, and consequently 
it was found possible to pablish its six volumes in the very brief period 
of two years, 

During the progress of the work changes have taken place in the 
editorial stafif. Twenty-one volumes were published under Mr. Stephen's 
sole editorship, and they brought the alphabet as far as Gloucester. 
The twenty-first volume appeared at the end ot December 1889. The 
severe strain of editorial duties, coupled with his labours as writer of 
many of the most important memoirs, had then somewhat seriously 
impaired Mr. Stephen's health, and early in 1890 his assistant, Mr. 
Sidney Lee, after working under him for seven years, became joint- 
editor with him. Volumes sxii. to xsvi., which were published between 
March 1890 and March 1891, and brought the alphabet from Glover 
to Hindley, appeared under the joint-editorship ot Mr. Stephen and 
Mr. Lee. In the spring of 1891 Mr. Stephen, owing to continued ill- 
health, was compelled to resign his part in the editorship, after eight 
and a half years' service. Happily for the literary success of the 
undertaking, re-established health enabled him to remain a contributor, 
and almost every succeeding volume of the Dictionary has included 
valuable memoirs from his pen. The last volume includes important 
articles by him on the poet Wordsworth and Edward Young, the author 
ot the ' Night Thoughts.' On" Mr. Stephen's retirement, in 1891, the 
full responsibilities of editorship passed into the hands ot Mr. Lee, 
under whose guidance the last thirty-seven volumes have appeared. 
These are numbered xxvii. to Ixiii., and bring the names from Hind- 
marsh to Zuylestein. 

Various changes have also taken place during the progress ot the 
undertojiing in the subordinate editorial ofBees. Mr. T. F. Henderson 
and the Rev. William Hunt gave some sub-editorial assistance in 1885. 
Mr. C. L. Kingsford acted as assistant to Mr. Lee from November 1889 
to July 1890, and was then succeeded by Mr. W. A. J. Archbold. After 
Mr. Lee's assumption ot the ofiBee ot editor in May 1891, Mr. Archbold 
and Mr. Thomas Seccombe, who then began a long and important 
association with the Dictionary, became sub-editors. At the same date 
Mr. Thompson Cooper resigned his place on the editorial staff, after 
having prepared the lists ot names from the letter B as far as the 
name Meyrig. Mr. Cooper has remained a valued contributor of 



memoirs to tbe Dictiotmrj- until its close. Tbo lists of names trom the 
middle of tbe letter M to the end vere |>repared by Mr. Secooinbe 
aud his i-olltugueft. Mr. Archbold retired ut the end of 1892, and his 
['Iftce was tilled by the appointment of Mr. A. F. Pollard, who has ably 
and zeatoofily perfonned the datiee of Buh-editor since that date, beaidas 
contributing numerous usoful memoirs. At the beginning of 1896 the 
final change was made tn the arrangements of the editorial office by 
(he apiwintment of Mr. E. Irving Carlyle as an additi<»ial 6ub-edit<H', 
whose chief function was to compile a large number of the smaller 
miscellaneoQR articles. Thus ai tlie completion of tbe undertaking the 
editorial staff conHists of Itfr. hw, wbuM' connection with it has lasted 
nearly seventeen and a half years ; of Ht. Soccombe, whose term of 
service extends over nine years ; of Mr. Pollard, whose term of service 
extends over e«ven years and a half ; and of Mr. Carlyle, whose term ol 
seri'ico extends over four years and a half. 

Mr. H. K. Murray has acted as clerk in char^ of the Dictionary 
while the undertaking has bcun in progress, and has continuously ren- 
dered most valuable seri-ice to editors and publishers. The wholf? work 
has be«i printed by Meesrs. S|x>ttiswoode & Co., and all the proofe have 
been fiiuilly read by Mr. Fre<lertck Adams, their learned and efliciont 
corrector of the press, to whom the Dictionary stands indebted for 
many useful snggestions and for the detection and removal of many 
erront. 

I'he ' Dictionary of National Biography' supplies notices of 29,130 
men and women : of the^e 27,11)5 arc full »ub»liiulivu articles, and l,92& 
art- briefer subtfiditiry articles.\ It is believed thai the names include all 
ii>en and women of British or insh race who have achieved any reason- 
able measure of dii^tinction in any walk of life ; every endeavour has been 
made to accord admission to every statesman, lawyer, divine, painter, 
author, inventor, actor, physician, surgeon, man of science, traveller, 
musician, soldier, sailor, bibliui>;niphi'r, Ixxjk-cuUcclor, and printer whoso 
career presents any feature which justilies its preservation from oblivion.. 
No sphere of activity has been consciously overlooked. Niches have 
Iwen found for sportsmen and leadens of socioty who have commanded 
jmblic attention. Malefactors whose crimes excite a permanent interest 
have received hardly lees attention than benetactorsl ''Tbe principle 
upon which names have l)e<-n admitted has bevn from all jioints of 
^"iew generously interpreted ; the epithet ' national ' has not been hdd 
to exclude the early settlers in America, or natives of these islands who 
hare gained distinction in foreign cotmtries, or persons of foreign biitl) 
who have achieved eminence in this country. Great pains have been 
bestowed on the names uf less widcJy acknowledged importance, and 



M 



A Statistical Account xi 



every endeavour has been made to maintain the level of the information, 
in the smaller as well as in the larger articles, at the highest practicable 
standard of fulness and accuracy. 

The number of memoirs in this Dictionary is far in excess of the 
number of memoirs to be found in national biographies of other countries. 
The ' Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie,' which has just been completed 
in forty-five volumes under the auspices of the King of Bavaria, by the 
Historical Commission of the Bavarian ' Kiinigliche Akademie der 
Wissenschaften,' over which Bochus von Liliencron has presided, con- 
tains only 23,278 articles— or some six thousand fewer articles than 
appear in this Dictionary. The Austrian dictionary, ' Der grosse 
Oesterreichisclie Hausschatz : biographisches Lexicon des Kaiserthums 
Oesterreich,' which has been edited by Dr. Constant von Wurzbach under 
the auspices of the Imperial Academy of Vienna, does not exceed the 
German dictionary in the number of its memoirs. The ' Cyclopffidia 
of American Biography ' reaches a total of twenty thousand. The Dutch 
dictionary, ' Biographisch Woor<lenboek der Nederlanden,' edited by 
A. G. Van der Aa, supplies only some ten thousand articles, and the 
Swedish, ' Biogmphiskt Lexicon ufver Namnkunnige Svenskaman,' about 
four thousand. The unfinished ' Biograpliie Nationale de Belgique,' 
which has been prepared under the auspices of the ' Academie Royale 
<le Belgiqne,' at present falls below a total of five thousand, but may, 
when completed, reach ten thousand. 

The table on the next page gives statistics of the memoirs in the 
Dictionary, according both to the initial letters under which they fall 
and the centuries to which they belong. This table excludes five genea- 
Ic^cal articles on the history respectively of the families of Arundell, 
Bek, Berkeley, Flantagenet, and Vere, and some eleven articles on 
legendary personages or creatures of romance who have been mistaken 
for heroes of history (e.g. Arthur of the Round Table, Fleta, Guy of 
Warwick, Bobin Hood, Sir John Mandeville, Jlerlin, Didymus Mountain, 
Jlother Shipton, St. Ursula, Matthew Westminster). 

The distribution of the memoirs over the centuries suggests various 
reflections and admits of various interpretations. Leaving out of 
account the dark periods that preceded the sixth century, it will be 
seen that the ninth and tenth prove least fruitful in the production of 
men of the Dictionary's level of distinction. The seventh century was 
more than twice as fruitful as the ninth, and the tenth was far less 
fruitful than the sixth or eighth. Since the tenth century the numbers 
for the most part steadily increase. The eleventh century gives twice 
as many names as its predecessor, and supplies no more than half 
OB many as its successor. The successive rises in the thirteenth 



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A Statistical Account 



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and toortMnth centuries are proportionately Bmaller, and there is a \ 
veU-markad decline in the fifteenth century for which it is difficalt ' 
to aeeoDllL The sixteenth makes a notable bound, the aggregate 
memoin bdonging to that era being three times as many aa those 
of tbt pnnioiu century. The upward progress is continued, although 
sot ftk quite lo high a rate, in the seventeenth century, which supplies 
mora ihui twiee, but lees than thrice, as many names as the sixteenth. 
Id ths «i^itaanth the number remains almost stationary : only a slight in- 
creaae of 115 names is on the record. In the nineteenth century the 
advaaee reoommences at a very rapid pace, the total number of nine- 
teentti-flentnt; names more than doubling those of the previous century. 
In mantel ud physical activity the nineteenth century reeembles the 
sixteenth ; hot tiie advance of the nineteenth century upon the eighteenth 
in the totel of memoirs is relatively far smaller than the advance of 
the sixtoenUi apon the fifteenth. 

Other dedoetions from the table are possible, if the population esti- 
mates of the country be compared with the tabulated results. When we 
compare Ihe totel of thirty thousand memoirs in this work with the total 
number ol persons who are believed to have reached adult life (i.e. their 
twen^-fonrth year) in these islands through the historic ages, it appears 
that AS many as one in every live thousand has gained a sufficient level 
of distinetion to secure admission to this Dictionary. If the calculation 
be based on the whole number of births, and not on the number of 
persons who have reached the mature age of twenty-four, every infant's 
chance of attaining the needful level of distinction has been one in ten 
thousand. The ratio for adults is seen from the annexed table to be more 
or less progressive from the tenth century to the nineteenth. In the 
sixteenth century the ratio for adults seems to have stood at one in 
6,250. Through the seventeenth century it rose to one in six thousand, 
but it fell slightly in the eigliteenth century, when the increase of popu- 
lation did not produce any proportionate increase in the total of men 
and women of the Dictionary's level of distinction. In this century, 
when we include the English-speaking inhabitants of our colonies (the 
United States are excluded from the Dictionary), the ratio is seen to 
rise sensibly — viz. to one in four thousand. 

It would not be pertinent to speculate here on the causes of the 
rise, fall, or stagnation of the ratio of distinction which the figures 
indicate. The stagnation of the ratio in the eighteenth century may 
be attributable to the absence of such stupendous crises in our 
national history as offered exceptionally extended opportunities of 
distinction to the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. In the rise of 
the ratio of distinction in the present century it may be necessary to 



m The Dictionary of National Biography 



4 



I 



make some allowance (or the incritalile propeosity to euggarmle tba 
importance of contemporiuy achievement, nnd. more esiieouUjr, for I 
mnltipliration of printed i-coor<]« ; yot the riae may not 1)c wboU j inaxpl 
nihle on philosophic graunda. Bt the tnnitiplictition of int^leet 
calling!)— take engineering snd its t^bhootB, for euunplo — and by t 
tipeciaUsation of eeionce ftnd art, the opportunitieB of diatiDetion of t 
lexiwrniagnitndes at Hnyrnte,have been of latoconsiricnooaly augmented J 
Improvements in educational machinery may, too, have osibrged the 
Tolnme of the nation's inl«llccuml ea[>aritr, which lis the altimale i>pring of 
distinctivo achievonient. The largene-iR of the number of namee beloiigin 
to tlie nineteenth century need not consequently be held to imiNiir the bii 
lorical penspoclive which ought to govern the design of the Dictionary. 
The conclusions to be dravm from the distriliution of the nam 
over the alphabet are ie«8 ttubtlo or arguable. The nuuit favoured 
initial letter of British and trish anmameA is B with 8,078 names. 
C approaches it nearest with 2,S42 names, and is very cloxcly follmreil 
by the two letters 8 and H, cacIi of which yields the same total 
of 2.420. M yields 2.310 names. In the descending scale P and 
enjoy almoet equal pupulnrity, P providing 1,807 and W 1.797. 
tags somewhat behind with 1,400, and 18 followed by R and L, thi 
former with 1,462, the latter with 1,437. There succeed D vith 1,81 
P with 1.165. T with 1.054. A movers 870, N 716, J 656 and K. 
and almost tie with 635 in the first ca«o, 619 in the second, and 61 
in the third. The remaining letters present \-ery modest totals, 
affords 296, I 160, Y 111. U 75. and Q 31. Z with 21 appropriate! 
occupies the last place. X is not represented at all. 

The Bumaine which claims the largest number of memoirs is Smi 
(Smith, Smyth, or Smylhe) ; biographic* of 195 periMins bearing thi 
surname arc published in the Dictionary. Jones follows with 13' 
Stewart (Stenart. Steward, Stonurt, or Stuart) is the title of 112 memoirs 
Hamilton of 106 memoirR ; Brown (Broun, Brown, or Browne) of 102 
Clark (Clarke, Clerk, or Clerke) of 99 : Moore {.^^oo^. Moore, or More] 
of 88 ; Taylor (or Tayler) of 86 ; Douglas (or Douglass) of 85 ; Scott (i 
Scot) of 83: Grey (or Gray) of 81 ; Williams of 81 : Gordon of 80 
Wilson (or Willson) of 80 ; Thomjison (or Thomson, TomAon, and Tom 
son) of 78 : Campbell of 72; Murray of 71 : Davjes (or Davis) of 68 
Howard of 66 ; and Robinson of 6.S. There are 389 names begiunin 
with the pretix &f ac- ; 320 names be^^inning with the prefix O' ; and 1 
beginning with the prefix Kits-. 

The full number of pages in the Dictionary is 29,108. The numbe 
of articles is 29,120. It therefore follows that the average length of an 
article is slightly leos than one page. Volume by volume the average 



A Statistical Account xv 



lengtti of articles has slightly risen in the progress of the work. The 
following articles are among the longest in the Dictionary : — 

PAOES 

Sh&kespeore (bj Mr. Sidney Lee) 49 

The Duke of Wellington (by Col. E. M. Lloyd, R.i5.) ... 34 
Frsncis Bacon (by Dr. S. Rawson Ganliner and the Rev. Dr. 

Thomw Fowler) 32 

Oliver CromweU (by Mr. 0. H. Firth) 81 

Queen Eliubeth (by the Bev. Dr. AuguatuB JesBOpp) . .'28 

Sir Kobert Walpole (by Mr. I. S. Leadnm) 28 

John Churchill, firat Duke of Marlborough (by Mr. Leslie Stephen) . 26 

Sir Walter Scott (by Mr. Leslie .Stephen) 25 

Edward I (by the Rev. WiUiam Hunt) 24 

ByroD (by Mr. Leslie Stephen) 34 

Charles II (by Dr. A. W. Ward) 24 

Sir Isaac Newton (by Mr. R. T. Glawbrook, F.R.S.) .... 23 

Swift (by Mr. Leslie Stephen) 23 

Edward ni (by the Rev. William Hunt) 22 

Sterne (by Mr. Sidney Lee) 22 

WyclifTe (by the Rev. Hastings Rashdall) 21 

The total number of contributors to the Dictionary is 653, of whom 
fifty-aix have died daring the publication of the work. Of these, 224 
have contributed one article apiece, and 329 from two to twenty articles 
apiece. The remaining one hundred can be described as more or less 
regular and voluminous contributors, either through the whole progress 
of the work or during prolonged periods in the course of its preparation. 
It is by these one hundred regular and voluminous contributors that the 
bulk of the work has been done. In fact, they have written nearly 
three-fourths of the whole. These one hundred regular contributors 
include experts in nearly all departments of knowledge, and they have 
treated many of the more prominent names, as well as the names of 
emalter importance, in their 8{>ecial fields of study. In a single instance 
the whole of one department of biographical knowledge has been entrusted 
to a single regular contributor. All the naval biographies have come 
from the pen of Professor J. K. Laughton. Similarly the memoirs of all 
but a very few actors and actresses have been written by Mr. Joseph 
Enight. The treatment of other special fields has engaged the attention 
of two or more regular contributors, or in the course of the work one 
specialist has been succeeded by another, or one regular writer has 
undertaken a share of more than one branch of special study. The 
lives of soldiers have been chiefly handled by Mr. H. Morse Stephens 
(until the letter P), the late H. Manners Chichester, Colonel E. H. 
Vetch, R.E., C.B., and Colonel E. M. Lloyd, R.E. In medieval history 
the chief part of the work has been executed by Sir Edward Maunde 
Thompson, K.C.B., the Eev. William Hunt, Professor T. F. Tout, Mr. 



xvi The Dictionary of National Biography 

J. H. Round, Mr. James Tait, Mr. C. L. Kingaford, Mr. R. L. Poole, Mr. 
T. A. Archer, Miss Kate Norgate, and Miss Mary Bateson. In sisteenth- 
centary. history Dr. Mandeil Creighton, the present Bishop of London, 
Mr. James Gairdner, C.B., Dr. Augustas Jessopp, Mr. W. A. J. .\rchbold, 
Mr. A. F. Pollard, and Mr. I. S. Leadam have treated notable statesmen 
and politicians. Dr. S. R. Gardiner, Mr. C. H. Firth, and Dr. A. W. 
Ward have dealt vrith leading figures in the history of the seventeenth 
century, while many men of smaller note have been treated by Mr. 
W. A. Shaw and Misa Bertha Porter. Eighteenth- and nineteenth- 
century lawyers and politicians have been noticed by Mr. J. M. Rigg, 
Mr. J. A. Hamilton, Mr. G. F. RuBsell Barker, Mr. William Carr, and 
Mr. Fraser Rae ; men of varied kinds of distinction in the nineteenth 
century by the late Mr. G. C. Boase, Mr. G. Le Grvs Norgate, and Mr. 
E. Irving Carlyle : Indian administrators by Sir Alexander Arbuthnot, 
K.C.S.I. ; early settlers in America by Mr, J. A. Doyle, and colonial 
statesmen by Mr. C. .\lesander Harris, C.M.G. The careers of some 
distinguished personages in ilie history of the City of Lonilon have been 
clirouioleil by Mr. Charles Welch. Mr. RoWrt Dunlop, Mr. Richard 
Bagwell, Mr. Litton Falkiner. the Rev. Thomas Olden, and Dr. Norman 
Moore have dealt with eminent Irishmen of various period? : Sheriff 
Mackay. Mr. T. F. Henderson. Mr. A. H. Millar, and Mr. Thomas 
Bayne with eminent Scotsmen, and Mr. Lleufer Thomas and Mr. J. E. 
Lloyd with eminent Welshmen. Many memoirs of Anglican bishops 
and divines are from the jiens of the Rev. Canon Overton, the late Rev, 
Canon Venables, Mr. 3. Bi\ss MuUioger, the Rev. W, H, Hution. the 
Rev. A. R. Buckland. and the Rev. Ronald Baytie. The Rev. Alexander 
Gordon has dealt with a very large number of the noniwnfoniiis: clergy 
of the three kingdoms. Roman Catholic divines and writers l:ave been 
entrusted to Mr. Thompson Co>.'>|>er. and, in later volumes. aUo to Mr. 
T. G. Law : and numerous (Quakers to Miss Fell Smith. 

Some of the greatest names in literature and jiliilosophy i-.^ive l^een 
dealt wiih by Mr. Leslie Stephen, and his contributions inolv.de memoirs 
of Addison. Burns. Byron. Carlyle. Coleridge, IVfoe. I^ioke/.?. I'ryden. 
lioldsmith. Hume, Landor. Macaulay. the Mills, Milton, roy-r. Scott, 
Swift. Thackeray, and Wonlswv>r:h. Many Eliz;il>e;hau men oi letters 
and ivlirician? have Iteen lre;«e«i Vy Mr. Sidney Lee. and his i- :.r::ril.u- 
ti..*ns include memv^-irs of Ascham. L>i^e. Lyly, Marlowe. S':;\k>:?;*eare. 
Sir Philip Sidney, Sir Fr:»r.cis \V;i!sin;:ham. Archbishop Wi::: -I::. :ind 
Sir T;vv.ias Wvatt. a* well as L-.rd Herbert of Cherlury a:: t LTiiirence 
Steme, of later i>criAls. In the e.jriier volumes Mr, A, H. Bui'e:: aUo 
wTVte of a;a::v rr.",i;iEen: EI:r,ii*c:h.\n and Ja.vl^ar. a-thc-rs. Mr. 



A Statistical Account 



itvu 



tftst three centuries: bia contrjbutiotiH inclade menioirn of Smollett ftnd 
ol Sir John Vuiibrugh. Mr. G. A. Aitben bus treated of several writera 
of tbe Restoration And Queen Anno*» reigu. 3Xr. W. P. Courtney baa 
written nearly aix hundred articles chi Comiiibnien and on literary 
workers of the eigbteentb century. Mr. Atutin Dobson baa likewtu 
contributed meinoirs of several eighteenth -century men of letters, 
including Richard Steele and Horace Walpole. Dr. Richard (iarnett, 
C.B., has dealt vrttb numerous men of letters of tbe niuvteentb century, 
including Rossetti, Shelley, and Southey ; some minor women writent 
of tbe same period bare been commemorated by Miss Elizabeth Lee. 
Mr. H. B. Tetldor hatt dc^wribed the careers of printers and book- 
collectors ; and various authors of Lancashire birth have been treated 
by Mr. C. W. Sutton. Orientalists have been mainly undertaken by 
I^fcssor Stanley Lane-l'oole, Professor R. K. Douglas, Professor 
Cecil Bendnll, and the Rev. Professor MargoUouth. Artists have 
been entrusted to Mr. Lionel Cu8t, Mr. Austin Dobsoii, Mr. Cosmo 
Monkhouse, Mr. R. E. Craves, Hfr. P. M. O'Donoghue, Mr. Campbell 
DodgsoQ, and Sir Walter Armstrong : architects iu later volumes to 
Mr. Paul Waterhouso; numismatista and medallists tbrougliout the 
work to Mr. Warwick Wroth, and musicians to Mr. W. Barclay Squire, 
Mr. J. A. Fuller Maillund. Mr. H. Davoy, Mr. F. G. Edwards, Mn J. Cuth- 
bert Hadden, Mr. R. H. Legge, and Miss Middleton. Physicians have 
been handled by Dr. J. F. Payne and by Dr. Norman Moore, who has 
also treated of many writers in the Irish tongue ; surgeons, from the 
letter L, by Mr. D'Arcy Power ; astronomers by Misa A. M. Clerke ; 
botanists by Mr. G. S. Boalger and Mr. B. B. Woodward: geologist*, 
from the letter M, by Professor Bonney, F.R.S. ; chemists, from the 
letter M, by Mr. P. J. Hartog ; many engineers and inventora by 
Mr. R. B. ProB8<T ; matheniaticians by Mr. E. Irving Carlyle ; agricul- 
turists, from Uie letter P, by Sir Ernest Clarke, F.S-A. ; and economists, 
from L, by Professor W. A. S. Ilewins. 

Tbe table on the pages that follow shows the total number of jmges 
tributod by the tliirty-four largest regular contributors. Only tlioso 
whose contributions reach a total of pages nearly equivalent to half a 
volume or more are included. It will be seen that this table accounta 
the production of no less than thirty-eight rolumeA. 
The names of only seven contributors appear iu the prefatory list* o( 
the nixty-lbroo volumes - namely, Mr. Thompson Cooper, Mr. W. P. 
Coartney, the Rev. .\lexander Gordon, the Rev. William Hunt, Professor 
J. K. Laughtoo. Mr. Sidney Lee, and Dr. Norman Moore. The name ot 
Mr. J. M. Rigg is absent only from one volume —viz. Volume LIl. Dr. 
rnett's name appears in all but two (Volumes XXM. and LVI.}, and 

OL. LXUl. a 



Km 

wh' 
vol 



^Bi 

K 



w 


xviii The Dictionary of National Biography 


^ 


L 


THE THTBTIFOtm mKTBIBfTOaS WHO HAVE WliITTF.X TlIE LABGEdT H 
MtntRrtt OF fAOES IK TH£ DlCTlOKABt. ■ 




*■■** 


Full Anmmit T>r 

OoOUflniUiM 

rvkiHial 

■pjrmtlmrtrij Ia 

ftmnbcr of pMn* 


mrtnud ta ntean 




"jI 


Mr. Sldaty Lm 


ISTD 


Thne tolBUiM 


as| 


Profauor J. K. LaagbtoB 


1000 


T>o vkI a itankB 


s^~^| 


lb. I^alie Stephen . 




1000 


Ttd aiul ■ fautor 


an^l 


Hr. T. P. HeD<I«rmi 




goo 


Tw 


t» ^H 


Ur. Thompgou Cwptt 




«00 Tm 


I4n jy 


BsT. WiUiun Hunt . 




B30 Too 


mm 


Itcv. AlBxandsr Oordon 




760 


Otioaad lliiHiijiiiilin 


m\ JiJ 


Ur. Qordon OoMlwin 




780 
080 


Om and ilir«c^aut«n 


nTS ^H 


Hr. Hundm SeeOTmbs 




One vbA % bait 


-~J 


Ur. W. F. Conrtinj . 




010 
SSO 


. ^^^^^_ 

Ona and ■ (bird { 

One gad a pouter 


^^1 


Mr. 3. M. Bigg . . 




tio'^l 


Ur. C. U. Pirtb 




SOO 


Om 


i»^H 


Ut. 0. F. RiumI] Burkor 




470 


Ona 


Th* tax* Ur. o«orse a Bow* . 


«0 1 0»e 


Ur. JoMpli Enigbl. F.BJL 


«0 i 


Om 

' 1 1 


Tha bl« Ui. H. Uacuen CbidiMter 


iM 


Profcnor T. F. Toot . 




4M 1 Ou ^ 


Ur. A. F. PaOni . 




410 




Ur. E. 1. Ckriyld . . 




SM 


Colonel B. B. VeUib . 




sn 


Ur. C. £>. Eingiford . 




1 'LJ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^I 


Ur. Lfona Caul. F.8JL . 




Ur. J. A. HuBlHon . . 






1 


Ur. Robert Duatop . 






Dr. A. W. WmJ 


A 





A Statistical Account 



TBB TmBTT-FOCB CONTBIBCTOItS WHO HITK WItmXS' THE lABgHIT 
NTUBEB OP P&OBS IN THE DlCnoSiXI.-OmiMmd. 




JH. Koniua Moon 



Tutt n»iwi rf 



at 



IC*.«( 



sao 



Two-lbMs 



ut 



3b. JUM> Guninet, C£. 



370 



FtlB-M^tlu 



EbtiS MacUf. 



160 



RM-dSkiha 



Dt^ Ricfaari] Oanwtt, C3. 



Ml 



OmUI 



Ut. W. a. J. irabboU 



BO 



OMbkll 



US 



in 



m 



Ur. G. Lc OtT? Karate . 



a» 



Kr. Jbidm Tut 



SIO 



Uf. H. Won* Stophnw 



tlO 



Mc Oo«BU) KoBkliaaM 



900 



OmIuU 



OlMbtU 



OnaUU 



Oneb^ 



Ml 



US 



3S9 



137 



TaUi 



.:.irt7-ci^ 



U7W 



Mr. Leslie Su-i>iifii unJ Mr. ' 
"-''"vjn and Mr. ' -'- 

r. J. A. na- 
I'm!! actl Mr. ''■' 

Tolames. ii..- 
k F. Knw.!! Bukix 



ILii'- Jit 4 




tliroe, Mr. T. P. 

■^ votacio exMptitis 

Mr. C. H. 

I" b*- S of the siity. 

ivolames, 

Ffivtt voltiia«s,1 

Bftjne to 

inR ibo iTOgnss 
!!(** (rf. 1897) ; 

fobn Mnier Gny/ 

'IW. A. Greeabill 

. bte librarisD of 

iWH : Walter H. 

'•)• Memoirs 

iamea o( the 

iitea of their 

J«M ftud the 

veral lines of 

■S WW great 



The Dictionary of National Biography 

■nd it is cause for deep regret that tbej Hi not lire to witness its com- 

eaotiflalon^ vlio an Uigsr amiaaeallf than the ' 

contribMon. attfaoafi^ tbeit eontribvticsw eonr s bmOct ares, . 

'*tT*''ng?''*^ cqierta ia eray Inod of kaowledge, aod Xb.«y \ 

I aacMty iiiHiiiiiiiiitiil the bbam oi the ngokr eaotrflntinv by ' 

to fte fccfUKtaan «I wfaid thef bmo^t pecn- 1 

The loOovnig ii a list of some of th« more j 

; aaa TBlEaUe artneB oae to oecaBOoat tOBtiibPluis ; 

Ifc Bafcert Bcjfe oo Philip ^fiMJiiftiii. _ 

L Baru P-B^ ob iamM Watt Iha cngiiieer. 
A. H. Chnh, F-R^^ oo Josiah Wtigmni. 
Tkt BcT. Andrew CUrit oo AnUiooy a Wood. 
lfc.tiiigOBhri>—FT«TnMn.¥iafc,aTidBohertLo«MSteWB»on. 
Ifa^ Ik^m Dwia. F.B^ <B Chnfa Btavni. 

r. F3^ (£ 1899), on Sir Biehard Omm. 
i IM«; K. C B . OB naaeii MiiilanJ Bkttv. 

TT 1 ri [f inrr m BWiiiThnfTinl 

The Tor; Ber. the Hob. W. H. F^«MaM«, Bias of Bipoo. on j 

Sir Edwd F17 on John : 
T. fikwhiml. F JlS^ 00 Sir laaae N 
[Goam,VLXL,mWaitt 
J.W.HaleeflBCte«BV. 

' C> H. oMWBtQ OB BiB MBB 



ctyaldustna 



!Sff 



CkooH 
twil 



CbOiH 



Professor G. B. UovieB, F.R.S., on William Kitdun Parker. 
•Mr. R. H. Hutton (d. 1897) on Waller Bogehot I 

'Ur. Aiexander Ireland [d. 1894) on Leigh Hunt. 

ProfoMor Sir Bicbard Jebb on Bentley and Porsoa. 

Tbe Hon. Francis Lanley on Admiral Rous. 1 

Mr. W. S. Lilly on Cardinal Newman. 

Sir Theodore Martin un Friaco Albort, John Singleton Coptty 
(Lord Lyndharst), and Croker. 

Sir Alfred Milner, G.C.B., on Arnold Toynbee. , 

Tho Bight Uou. John Morley on Richard Cobden. 

Sir George Herbert Mnrray, K.C.B., on Thomas Tooke. 

The lion. Geoi^e Peel on Sir Roburt Pecil. 

Mr. F. C. PenroM, F.R.8., on Christopher Wren. ^J 

&fr. G. W. Prothero on Sir John Robert Seeley. ^H 

Mr. R. E. Prothero on Dean Stanley. ^M 

The Rev. Hastings Bashdall on Wycliffe. ^% 

Mra. Bicbmond Kitchie on Elisabeth Barrett Browning. ] 

Froteasor Goldwin Smith on Lord Cardwoll. 

The Teiy Rev. W. R. W. Stephens, Dean of Winchester, on St. 
Anaolm. 

Profesaor Silranus Thompson, F.B.S., on Sir Charles Wheatstone. 
*Profeesor Tyndall (</. 1898) tm Michael Faraday. 

Sir Henry Tnieman Wood on Sir William Siomoas. | 

Dr. Aldis Wright on Edward Fitzgerald. 

Much voluntary assistance has been rendered to the Dictionary in 
the coarse of i(8 pablieatioii. Information on points of fnmily history 
baa been placed at the disposal of editors and contributors too fre- 
quently and too abundantly to render specific acknowledgment practicable. 
Special thanks aro duo to tho editor of tho ' Athouicum,' who goncroosly 
printed socoeesive lists of names of persons, memoirs of whom were to 
appear in tbe Diettonarj'. Many readers of tbe ' AUienseiiin ' forwarded 
soggeetions, by which the Dictionary has greatly benefited. Nor ought 
(»nission to be made of critics of the Dictionary, who carefully examined 
each volamc on publication and noted defeclb or ambiguities. One of 
tfaese critics, the Rev. John Russell Washbourn, Rector of Rndford, 
Oloneester, forwarded his remarks with great regularity, volume by 
▼olmne, through the first thirty-fivo vojumos, uutD his death in 1893. 
Another critic, the Rev. W. C. Boulter, contribated a series of quarterly 
papers of corrections to ' Notes and Queries ' through the whole progress 
of the undertaking. 

Much help baa been received from the cuHtodians of archives of the 
poblie offices at home and abroad, from the officials of the British Museum, 



xxii The Dictionary of National Biography 

of tho Bodleian and Cambridgo University Libraries, and of the Inua 
Court, an well as from librarians in all parts of the United Eiiigdoc 
and from tlie eecretariea of learned HOcietieH in the colonies and iai 
America. Many clergymen have, at tho request of editors or uuutribatoFs,.] 
consulted their parish registers without cbargioK fees. At both Oxford and] 
Cambridge, not only have tho keepers of the Uuivorsity Bc^jist^rs beoaj 
always ready in answering inquiries, but the heads of many colleges bav€ 
shown great zeal in making researches in their college archives on behalf of 
the Dictionary. Particular recognition is due iu this regard to the Bev. 
Dr. Magrath, provost of Queen's College, Oxford, and to Dr. Jolm Peilo,J 
master of Christ's College, Cambridge. Information respecting member 
of the groat society of Trinity College, Cambridgo, has been freely placodl 
at the Dictionary's disposal by Dr. Aldis Wright, the vice-president,] 
while uo inquiry addressed to Mr. It. F. Scott, bur»ar of St. John's CoUe 
Cambridge, or to Dr. John Venn, fellow and lecturer of Caiua College,^ 
Cambridge, has failed to procure a useful reply. Tho succcs^ve regis- 
trars of Dublin University have also shown the readiest disposition 
render the information supplied by the Dictionary concerning tha 
graduates of Trinity College as precise aa possible. 

Criticism or appreciation of the completed enterprise would be oi 
of place here. That there arc errors in tho Dictionary those who 
have been most closely associated with its production are probably mor 
conscious than other people. On that subject it need only be saii 
that every effort will be made, as soon as opportunity serves, to corr 
those errors that have been pointed out to the editor, a}l of which] 
have been carefully tabulated. But whatever the shortcoluing!) of tl; " 
work, the Dictionary cau fairly claim to liave brought together 
greater mass of accurate information respecting the past achievement 
of the British and Irish race than has been put at the disposal of thi 
English-speaking peoples in any previous literary imdertskmg. Battl 
A work of reference may be justly held to serve the national and thi 
beneficial puriioso of helping tho present and future generations 
realise more thoroughly than were otherwise possible the character 
their ancestors" collective achievement, of which they now enjoy 
fruits. Similar works have been produced in foreign ofnuitries nnd« 
the aaspiccs of State-aided literary academies, or have been subsidise 
by the national exchequers. It is in truer accord with the self 
rehant tomijerament of the British race that this < Dictionary 
National Biography' is the outcome of private cotcrprieo and tl 
handiwork of private citizens. 



LIST OF WBITEES 



IH THE BDCTI-THIRD TOLTTSrE. 



Q.k.k.. . ■ O. A. Aiths. 
J, O. A. ... J- O- Alo»b. 

H, B UlBH BlTKBOH. 

B. B Tb« Bit. Bohild BiiXE, 

T. B Tfloiua Bin™. 

C B PnoriMOR CsctL Bcdall. 

H. E. D. B.. Tbs Bst. H. E. D. Blawbtoh. 
T. G. B. • • Th» Rbt. Pbofibbob Bonubi, 

F.B.S. 
O. S. B, . . O. S. BopuiKB. 
T. B. B. ■ ■ T. B. Bsowmta. 

E. L.C.. . - E. IiBTBBOH CllVIBLBT. 

E. L C. . . E. iBTina Cibliu. 

J. W. C-E.. J- WlUJB Cl-iltK. 

E. C-E. . . . Bib Ebhbbt Cubkb. 
A. H. C-B- . Una A. M. Coou. 
T. 0. ■ ■ ■ • Thompson Cooks, P.BJL 
W. P. C, . . W. P. OorannT. 

It Liomii Cmt, F.S.A. 

H. D. . . . . Hbmbt DiTBZ. 

A. D. ... - ADsm DoBMN. 
J. A. D. . . J. A. DoTU. 

B. D. . . . ■ BOBBBT DOHLOV. 
p. Q. E.. . . F. O. EOWABBB. 

C L. F. . . C. LiTww FiLiiKBB. 
a H. F. . . C. H. FniH. 



W.Y.F. . 


. W. Y. Flbtcheb. 


s. B. a. . 


. S. B. QiBDiNEB, LL.D., D.CX. 


B. G 


. BlCHABD QlXSBTt, LL.D., C.B. 


A. O. . . . 


. Tbb Bst. Auiamdeh Qohdon. 


T. H. . . . 


. THEBET.TB0>UaHAHIl.TON,D.D. 


C. A. H. . 


. C. Alkuhdeb Huhib, C.M.O. 


J. E. H. . 


. J. E, HiBTtNa, F.L.S,, F.Z.S. 


P. J. H. . 


. p. J. HlBTOO. 


H. H-B.. . 


. Hbnbi HiaaB. 


T. E. H. . 


. P&DFE8SOR T. E. HoLLiKD. 


W. H.. . . 


. Thb Bbt. Willuk Hurt. 


W. H. H. 


, The Be*. W. H. Horros, BJ), 


J. K. . . . 


. Joseph Khiobt, F.S.A. 


J. E. L. . 


. FBorzasoB J. K. Ladohtos. 


T. G. L. 


. T. G. Liw. 


I. 8. L. . 


. I. 3. Leadau. 


B. L 


. MisH EuziBETH Lee. 


B. I.. . . . 


. StCKBI LbB. 


C. H. L. 


. C. H. Leeb, D.Sc. 


E. M. L. 


, COLOKKL E. U. LiiOYr, B.E. 


J. E. L. 


. J. E. LU)TD. 


J. H. L. 


. The Bet. J. H. Lofton, D.D. 


J. B. H. 


. J. B. MlODONULD. 


M. M. . 


. SHEftirr MAceit. 


D. S. M. 


. Thb Bev. FnorEasoB Mamo- 




LIODIHi 



xxiv List of Writers. 

A. H. M. . . A. H. MiLLUt. W. B. B. . . 

C. H. . . . . CoSKo MoHiBount. J. U. B. . . 

N. H NoBMiM Moou, MJ). H. B. . . . . 

J. B. U. . . J. Bus McLLixoiB. JonK Sibou 

A. N Albkvt Nicholson. T. B 

O. Lb O. N. a. Lb Obtb HoBain. 0. F. 8. . . 

D. J. O'D. . D. J. O'OoHOOHCB. L. S 

F. M. O'D. . F. H. O'DoNiMBUB, F.SA. Q. S-x. . . . 

J. H. O. . . Thb Bbt. CiKOH Otibton. 0. W. 8. . . 
F. C. P. . . F. C. Pekbou, Ltrr.D., D.C.L., J. T-r. , , , 

F-B-B- D. Ll. T. . 

A. P. P. . . A. F. PoLLiMi. M. T 

B. P Mis6 Bbbth* Pobtbb. T. F. T. . . 

D'A. P. . . . D'Aaci Powra, F3.C.a. C. T 

E. L. B. . . Ubb. Ru>roaD. B. H. T. . . 

H. B-L. , . , Tas Rev. Hirikos BassdiU:, P- W 

B.D. W, W. . . . 



W. E. BsosES. 

J. M. Bioa. 

Bbbbisi Bii. 

Tbk Bishop or 8ALieB7BT. 

Tboku Sbccohbb. 

Uofi 0. Fill Buitb. 

LBHLIB SttPBBK. 

Obobob BmoKicH. 
0. W. SnrroH. 
JuiBS Tut. 

D. Id-EURB TBOUifl. 

Mbs. Todt. 
Pbofbsbob T. F. Toot. 

CoCTTS Tbottbb. 

CoLoirat B. H. VncB, B.E., C.B. 

PlDL WilBBSOUBB. 

WiBwicK Wrois, F.SjI. 



DICTIONARY 



OF 



NATIONAL BIOGRAPHY 



Wordsworth 



Wordsworth 



WORDSWORTH, CHARLES {1806- 
1692), bUhop of St. Aniltews, Dunlteld, and 
DuablAue, secODd mid of CtiTistoplieT Words- 
worth (1774-1646) [q. v.j, master of Trinity 
College, Cambridge, was nephew of William 
Wordflworti fq. v.], the poet, and elder bro- 
ther of Chnatopher Wordsworth (1807- 
1885) [q. v.], bishop of Lincoln. 

Charles waa bom at Lambeth on 23 Aug. 
1606, his father then being chaplain to Arch- 
bishop Mansers-Sutton. His mother died in 
1816 St the age of thirtj-three, and Mrs. 
Hoare, widow of the banker, Samuel Iloare 
of Hampsteod, and his sister, did much to 
supply a mother's place. A tSevenoaks school, 
near bis father's benefice of Sundridge, he 
begtm to show his taste for Latin verse and 
cricket. In 1820, when his brothers went to 
Winchester, Charles, having somewhat deli- 
-cate health, was sent to the milder discipline 
of Harrow, whither his friend and neig-hoour 
Henry Edward (afterwards Cardinal) Man- 
ning was also sent. Other contemporaries 
were the two Merivales, Herman and Charles 
^dean of Ely), and the two Trenches, Francis 
and Richard (the archbishop of Dublin). 
Here his specif tastes abundantly developed. 
Charles Mehvale calls him ' king of our 
cricket field' (Autobioor. p. 44), though his 
nerronsness prevented him from scoring 
largely in set matches. His name must, 
bowever, always ba associated with the 
history of the game. He played in the first 
legular Eton and narrow match in 1822, 
in the first Winchester and Harrow match 
in 1826, and brought about the first Oxford 
and Cambridge match in 1627, He had 
&lso much to do with the first inl«r-univer- 
luty boatrace in 1828. He played tennis at 
Oxford, and was an excellent skater to a late 
period of bis life. He did not take to golf, 

TOL. Lzm. 



which he never played till he reached tha 
ue of eighty-four. He was brilliant as a 

clasaical scholar, and in writing Greek and 
Latin verses he became a poet. Latin-verse 
composition was his peculiar delight and 
solace lo the end of his long life. 

His Harrow successes were crowned hj 
greater distinctions at Christ Church, Oxford, 
which he entered in 1825 as a commoner, 
Charles Thomas Longley [q. v.] (afterwards 
archbishop) and Thomas Vowler Short [q.v.] 
(afterwards bishop of St. Asaph) being his 
tutors. His VirgilisD poem on Mexico, with 
which he won the chancellor's prize for Latin 
verse in 1827, is one of the best of its kind ; 
it is printed in appendix to ' Annals,' vol. i., 
with the Latin essay, which also gained him 
the chancellor's prize in 1331. It led to his 
obtaining a studentship in 1827 from Dean 
Smith. He took his degree (first-class classics) 
in the spring of 1830, and shortly afterwards 

fathered, in succession up to 18S3, a bril- 
iaot company of private pupils, including 
James Hope (Hope-Scott), William Ewart 
Gladstone, Henry E. Manning, Francis 
Doyle, Walter Kerr Hamilton, Lord Lincoln 
(Duke of Newcastle), Thomas Dyke-Acland, 
Charles J. Canning (Lord Canning), and 
Francis L. Popham. In September 1631 he 
went with William Wordsworth and Dora, 
his uncle and cousin, on their last visit to 
Sir Walter Scott at Abbotsford. From 
July 1833 to June 1634 he travelled as tutor 
to Lord Contelupe in Germany, Denmark, 
Sweden, and Norway, returning by Greifa- 
wald and Berlin, where he learnt something 
of German university education, and became 
more or less acquainted with Professors 
Schleiermacher, Neander, Biickh, Henning, 
Immanuel Bekker, and 1). F. Strauss. He 
also visited Dresden and Leipzig. In tha 



Wordsworth 



Words\vorlh 



■une tuimm^r Lr lntvi.>Hp(t in Fniiicu tvilli 
Bauod«UFaltaor(alWnrdaLunl Si-lborno). 

After I^almtr'tdepannre be i&ol.in I'ariii, 
Clurlotl», orpluui daiigbt«r of thn ECrt. 
OwrgQ Day of Htnlmm, nnoi- Ituo)^;, to 
whom he became iin(pigi.il to bu morriei!. 
On hi» returu 1o Cbnat Chureli he wns bj"- 
poiDtrd to a public tutonhip by Oaisfurd 
{dMU in 1^1 )< »b6 vas oKleineil Jmcou W 
Bialu>pDa^tofOirord(31 Dec. It($4). Ha 
did not pnirpnd to tho nricsthood until MX 
<r«ara Utor ( 13 Dec. 1S40). 

Uiann-hii?, M niicliumm*r IP.W, he was 
alcetel «x.'uutl ui&ster uf Wiiiclii.>st<ir College. 
Tlie mBBlersliip IulJ nttvec bwu bold except 
by a Wjbebsmiet. The office brought him 
en opporliinitT for tlm oxerciw of bit s^ial 
factiUj of tiincliiiiH nnd a vnluebUMperiMice 
(if mann^emRnt, inrci1viu|( the inner control 
of tbcnnciunlcullcgeiiii'I itisevi^ntjschularii. 
Be enjoTi^dtbereiiijldulTtliuiutiiuate frii^iii]- 
sbipof Warden Barter, 6iit c1o8(<eoiupBiiioti- 
ehip with George Moberly [q. v.j, the lieed- 
inn*tiT (Bftnnrnnlii binliop of SfilmbiifT), odd 
freqnrnt inti'rcounwi witli John KrWii at 
UuBiley. liia mnrriaffe foUow^d oa 2» Ui^. 
1831) in Norwich Cuttii-'drHl, and hU mnniiHl 
life was eitnMDely hujjpy. But Mrs. WorJs- 
worlb died after giving birih to her odIv 
chilJ, a ilmightfir (nlinrlottji Rmmi'lin''), 
10 Mnv IS.'ifl. Tbn Latin diBiicli which con- 
cludo bii cpilnph on b<rr (in tbn nctnihapd 
of the collej[o) una becomu fainou* : 

I, nitnium dilMtis voant Uvcu- I, bona DOiitr» 
Tiut floiiuB : mitrMia altera, Uiace roqai. 

Hit death was followed (31 Dec 1839) by 
that of hi* eUt^f brother John. To Worde- 
worth and tn Wanlfn IlnrtiT (who began 
thn nRRaonii in chnpd) the iniiistinnof a now 
period in tho rtlioious lifu of our oldcxc 
public Hchool was largely due. Hia eObrtii 
wero directed chiefly to mabe the traditional 
Byatem if th« phico real. Hoeuc<*eded in 
inMitutin^ n tct time for priialo praj-nr. 
Thip chnpol »crvio5 wa» much iinprovcti, 

fionlv by the cffbrta of John I'jke llullnh 
q. v."], who cama at VTordsworlbd ri-quunt 
lo teach I'vpty college boy to tiag, a* the 
elatiite* rs^qnirod thnt they nhould he able lo 
ilo. Owin^tohisdocifinrnnil yd pnrsinwivo 
tnnthod of teoelitn^, his cxpt^ctntion of Rwat 
remilte, hJa laslv in ■i>bo1arship, and hi* 
tamnntJerieiu gaineo, Wurdnwuith hod pro- 
bably a greater ability lo draw buys out 
into a manly way of rhurch ri-ligion tlian 
any KhootmiMter nf the p'Tiod. He was 
ortnodox but not nnrrnw. lie inhcrir.^d from 
bii bibnr nnd hi< fViniidE, mioh aa Joshua 
Wataon [ij.r.] andllimh Jamn« Itnsn [q.r.J, 
the tnditiooii of the old high-church Angli- 




cfliit!itD,i'.> which he added mnctiofl 
and hopefiilneM of the Oxfnnl mni 
while hi« Quaker blood and rnnnoriinn* { 
him brooder and moti! rvnuKolical 
pnlhies. His Wlncherter lift and its aspira- 
lionii and BUtteBaeB are rtllcctrd in Mveral 
book*, flia churcUuiaiuIiip was duvelc_ 
to its bigbeat point in a lermoii on * Eva 
gdicnl Repentance' (IMl ; with Urgo 
pendix, 184*2), in which he ndvocktad 
rvilorntinn of public pennnco. Ilia tewchiny* 
to the boy> ia given in an Bxci-llont con- 
firmatiou mannal, BrsI publLihed under tl 
title ' CaU'Chetical QumlinuB ' ( \>^V2. IS^l) 
sitd afterwards as 'CalechMis' (l&lii); 
'Three Sprmone on Communion in Prayer' 
(l&i3) ; and in Iho two volumni of * Chri*^_ 
tian Borhottd at a Public Sclionl,' vbi^^| 
ooUectvd hi* chief nddmwa to ihr-m (1846]^| 



jvcr el 
on* 



A privuteh'iirintrd addreu suggested A cl 
relaliciu ot imlitidual conlla]i«ae«. His 
thiiJiiiMn] for the old foundation ia exprvused 
in 'Tho follege of Si. Mary, W"iaton, near , 

\v:_..i..._>~. • .iciat . _;. II. - ■'Int^H 



Winohestcr' (IfUS), a mLtci-llannjiH ill 
imtod volurau of groat inlcrot to SVy 
hamiBts. 

Wordsworth's jpvatost auceeas in acbaloj- 
«hip wiM rhe prodiictiou of a * Gr«vk Qnun- 
mar' (' Orireie rirnainialieio Ruditnenla'), 
which for n Iringlimi> wk« ifiegmniniar ataiort 
cvcrywhore in aae in Kngkud; and iU acci- 
dvuL-L'. at niiy mte, iri ilill wididy twcd. Th« 
aeeidt^iice was publinhcd in JBrnisry 1839, 
and the syntax apuareutly iu 1813. Amoog 
hit> «cliols«tic methods was the I»arntnK el 
J.otin pTDun (Cicero) by liMrt by every boy. 
Hin own moat mmnrk.ibl<- production wm 
thu irniuliition of Koundi-ll Palmcr'e " LinM 
on the Four Hundred nnd Fiftirlh An 
^oreary of tlip? Foundation of WincJii 
Calli>gn '(IS-IU), done into Greek Irochsioi 
IR4B. .\dniirablo translations Suio 
Temv of Ken'* morning, eretiing, and mld- 
niglii hymns, and Kebla'iiaoniing and even- 
ing hyauis, were also printed for bis fri«nd) 
and pupils iu ISIS. At ihcbL'^n-ninffnf 1M6 
Wnrdtwortli resigned hit poM at wincbi 
tnr, partly on ncc^unl of hi* father'* faifii 
hF'alth(bodicdon3Feb.I«4(l), Inthu 
hu preucbnd a Ikrowell SDmion and edit 
the two vulumes of 'Chrirtian Borhood.' 

Shortly afterwards he accented thft 
mndi.- by Lis old pupil Gtaaatonc of 
wanleniihip of tlie new episcopalian 'Trinity 
collngcthnnbeingrounded iuScottand. 'flw 
nchprus for founding this eollecia, which 
to Iw a trnininncoUvgo for ordination c: 
dates and a public (chool for boy«, wi 
btuached hy Janit's Hop? and Gladsi 
1841, and was eucuuiaged by Uenn ~ 
in BdinbuTgli. Much money was coU 





Wordsworth 



Wordsworth 



for il ill EngUail u mil m ubodc Ibe Seol- 
t -' ■ '-v.simI In SeplenW 18?4 the »H«, 
': I'.r^Ain IVnIuhir*, iTMcboMfi.llio 

f, ■:[. O. i'niton. The building, do- 

.ut^i-d brSlrliillHTi tknttiWoranooninpro- 

fPt, but it vaa not iiitlil 8 gopl. Iftldtbat 
lint BtOii« of (Iw elispcl yra» laid bv Bir 
a Gladalone. Oa 38 Oct. WordAwortb 

iterail on • smoikI maniaKv vritli Katlu- 

1» Marir, sldeit daQgrlilor of AVLIliam Bai^ 
IM-, TT«tor of nurnhclerv, Itftnip«bir«, aad 
niece of bu ftinnd thr iraidon of WiBubteter. 
A (tnr naatlu wmc upoiit br th« inrntr 
iDani«ilpBir infonisn tnTd,chti-0y in Italy: 
1 the Dew cellep waa opened on 4 Uajr 
■7, 

WunltwiUlbbof^ti with foarlmabojs, the 
Hm beia;; lli«»igli(k Muouis of Lutliion: 
two othm wnn» foi» of Bulioii Ewing of 
AifjlL Thn divinity ibldeDts nux^ about 
■ ri«r Utrr. NMnrithstviding tbo dilScal- 
li(Bal!iu:bia]^to*«ehjiHnt«dacfitlon,Wordji- 
worih mado ii a tueCBM, and wan nomwlMvn 
< eM«rftiu]enuweni«eltI>!cI in Rdinburgh 
1876. Th«f wen tbe warden's RpMial 

A^ M PaolODMD profteMr, and hii ' Cur- 
Tbcclofftcitf, drnWB frotu Senuoaj,' fur 
bcacat. nuy br ttiiilieil witli adTsntage 
}A'aaU, App. ii. L'i:-23). The school dw- 
ci^>(iQi* was nnturallj' mucb baW nn that of 
n indiMter {«M Um mien and pmyen, ib. 
fp. ^iOA-16). Th« ptcfuctoriat ajMcm vna 
iiutit«t*d uid aeliool gaoMS encounwcd. 
ET«n a kHiooI for wr*iton waa ealabliiib«d 
(ISlKl, wmcwhat aft«r ibe older model. 
Tbc cbapcl, wkicb was in great paK his 
eT«r'-MiwT'>u>sifltotbr?co1I<-jQ;i>(c(iiMecret<d 
m 1 Mar I(%1), waa ibr is^nira of cb«' daily 
life. All wQnnTplioMi,andaUw«T<:taiigh't 
to KOg. Tie nKMaa wu Knwt and roI. 
Tbi> Srotltttb o(Hm for Iiuly communion irw 
lucd rby Ikp bixbotu' d««ir«) alteTnali>ly 
«Hb tJio Engliib. 'Three Seroionsun IIolv 
Ceduinnion o* a Sacnuneni, Sacrifice, anil 
Eachuitt* (185!>), trotthilj fnnboil}- the 
muiax't teaching to bia bopt on Ihit miV 
jtet. Tb« stalT iiaa Mrong and coDKnnial. 
TbPTolunMnf '.StriaooapKachud atTiinitv 
OaU^TT'' (IP^M) give* not only w-iyTi of 
bia own but dj^t by the editor— (Bin hop) 
Alfred Bam-, who joined the etas' in 1:^19, 
and WM MlKwardnii tnm 1910 — and aeven 
by olhec colIeaguM. 

l>ani>g hit iwidenca at Glnnnlmond thn 
wariM b«caiM finduaUy intcfatfd in 
ScMtigb cbuTch Qunitioiit. I'DfortunatcIv 
hi* intarrat fnok larcvly the form of criu- 
eun of thn actinna nf Patrlclt Torry, biahop 
of 8l. Andrvw*. Hiink^d, and Dunblaae, hia 
diooeMn,Bad ofOladiionR,tli«1eadiniriaeiB- 
berof tha oolkge council. Bishop Tony's 




• P^7*r Book • (ISfiO) was iht Br«t book td&co 
163/ porporttngtobe a M>inplfti> and ind«- 
pcad«nt Scoliiiui pfayer-boolt, and it g*jm 
natural oflooceioDiany. Wordauurlb ceo- 
surod it in atvea l«(lef» to ths 'Guardian' 
n«wapap«r, and ]»d th* condcBtatUon of it 
in tlie dioeaann aynod. Ill* opKMlion to 
Oladstone waa on tba ■ubji'ot of ihn doty 
of ckiuob wtablishnenl, of wliidi Worda- 
worth waa always, as OtadAtoue hod been, 
a Maaach npholdn-. Wordsworth rafotcd 
hi* Tot* to GlsdMone, who b^anw candid>t« 
for Oxford first in 1847, and in kiioops and 
luitm lout no oniMrtunity of mBnifMttDg 
hia oppoiition to c'lad»tonc'a riows. 

His leaderahip in n^nl to thf (lorhaBi 
case, bowm-ur. united all parties in thu 
diocese, anil his freijuenl articles in tho 
'Scollt.<li EccWiaxtical JnunMl'did etMlit 
n thefhiiTcli. I)i-hnpTLirrydi«doii3 0et. 
18&3. WonUirnnh wa-iiuirortbeMTciitMO 
preabyton with whom the clMtion of a mc- 
oesaoT lay. lU end Bishoji Edi-n of Uoray 
wen- noniiMted for the vacancy. The elei^ 
tors (eiclodiag kimselO itw exactly div ided, 
eight aninst 9ighl. The decisive iO!c« was 
in his hands, and he wns pnrsundi'd, in ac- 
COrdancQ with precedent, tn Tot^i for him- 
self, in nrdortocountittnct what hcrrgnrdnl 
an Ibu daofofous policy of lii* oppooients. 
On-iniituaoraciufonutliiylheprocMsbadto 
be rr|H.>Bi<^d, his rival on iheaetOBilOKaSKiB 
bL-ing Itr. T. O. Sulberfflftenmdsfaisbopof 
Abi>nli.-eu>. On sppi-nl to the biidioiia of 
the Scottish chiirrh, Wordnwortb'n plectioD 
w»* upheld. Ill' rl^t■in(^d Iuh wordcnsliin 
with tli-^ liiahnpric until I8&t. He left 
snronty boyi in the collesv, and repotted 
that thrra bad bwn oa an average ftn 
(lirinily studunls. 

Klected bishop of St. Androws, Dnakeld. 
and Dunblaoo on 30 Nov. 1662, WoritwoTth 
was conwcratdd (it St. Andmw'i Church, 
AbenlMO, on Sfi Jan. 1SA3. Tho ptiaciplM 
on which be acted in this olBoe were raanily 
thme: (1) to pnvont the eapCure of ilie 
Scoltiali Epiicopal ohufck by a nanow party, 
wpKiallybyaMny matini^ byBaglishnien 
und controlled nom Rsiglond ; (3) tocooTinco 
Scotsuieu of th* valun of npismiiacy and op- 
aoopal ordinancM ; (S) to make soimo concoa- 
sions to prMbyt«naiu b^ which they might 
be conciliated, the main principle of vpi- 
upopftcy bdng oared (Epueopafe, pp. 3" -9), 
He was a strong b^iever in ibo duty of 
eMablishment of tvtigion wher« it wss pos- 
mible and iu the synodal sTSinm. Iln hold 
difirrenl opinions on the place of thi* laity 
in church synods at diffcfpnt times, but 
ended by adrocatiag their prMoncv and right 
to T«t8 (». p. IW). 

b2 




Wordsworth 



Wordsworth 



^ 



Tbt<re viu no opinropal midroct-, and (b« 
hUhnp, after Iraving Uli-nnlmund, movod 
fram pincc to _pbM betbre it-ttling doim 
fixtallf u( IVrtli, Brrt si PiicullMi B«nk 

iBiuiuT \^v6 to 1858). and iben at the F»u 
louw (18i^8 10 October ld7tl). Ho wm 
ihiu brought into cIoM conni-ciion with tbe 
cUhodral of ?t. Nlniu, a rrniuro mpported 
cbi»fljr by two gentbrntm who bad liitlu 
or no eoiuicctioii witb Xhe diaceaa (Lord 
Forbea and O. F. Bojli*, afierwanla earl 
of (JIaagow), and manned ckicSj br btgb- 
duudunen bom I^n^lanJ. He folt it a 
coally eipeiiment for a poorlj- ondowrd di'>- 
cete, but in nan}- TF-fpncis lie n^mipnthiiu-d 
witb it. Hit vine trcntmunt of itaaffoin ia 
fai* fint »yaod> conciliated bu oppouuniti. 
lint wlion bo came to maids permaneutiv iu 
Pottb. and trii!d to make .Si. Niniatis liis 
own cliurcb, a fundAmeciMl divergnnco bf~ 
twecu liiiusi'lf and ProT<i»t KortMcuti and 
Pnocator niimW^i sbowcd itjwlf. I'tifor- 
tuiutely ibe cHcliari^tia controvoniir wiu in- 
troduced in on acute fonn intoSuotland bv 




but il waa taught kt fathrdra, and with 
rigorous logic, la n^CMMry tnilb, and tcnnt 
regani was shown fnr tbc traditicinu! icaeb- 
inj; of till- Soiitli.vb rhurth, which on tb« 
wnole wiui tbnl ot n Pri'M-nw of ' Tirluo uud 
efficacy.' .^{[italinn followL-d. and ibtrrlorin 
waa further inlvniiirifd \i^ lli-> publication, 
in Jniiuary l>*ri8, uf "Sis S'thi.-.iw nn tb« 
Docirioo of llitj Moit llnly ICiiohnriiit ' by 
the lEev, P, Olipync, of St. Jolin'", .^brrdctin ; 
OieTnc went furtber Ihun ForU-s, and put 
the .inme kind uf doclrintn i[i a uiorv pniro- 
nliveood mure nearly lioman funu. Iu the 
reeiill ForWa cbargv wn? ccnBiireil in a 
' uiLjloral letter," draflod by Wfirdtworth 
(3" May 1868), in which all the six p-main- 
log bianopa cnneunvd. 'I'hii wiu followed 
by tlw auipcn.iionofCbejneby tbebiabopof 
AbcrdMn ^5 .liijj.) and by f he ia*ue of Worda- 
wortb'a very valuuble * NotM to aatifil to- 
waidaa ri^'ht JuJ^ent on- the ICuchariatic 
CoutrOYOrny ' (Ito, Soplembcr IRWl, with 
■Suppl«meiit' dated Advent. Theje'Noten' 
trure nevar publisb^.hut r.i re ubtl iid pri valel v, 
evpecially among the derfcy. Iletoohpntt m 
th« «ub«cqn«nt proccodinsa which ituoed iu 
tho doclanition oy thu bishops that Cheyne 
traa no lonircr a clergyman of tbc epiwopal 
(*Breli(9 Nov. 1869), OnSOet. iWSpro- 
CMtlinga were fomiaily inntil.uteil ogninit 
Biahop Forbti*- Thn aame year «ow an open 
lireaclt between Word«worih and the catlie- 
dral clergy, llie points at iiauit were tlio 
atlniiipt to rrapen tbu cathedral Khuol, tbc 




' cat bedral declaration ' on tbc Eacbarid, ao 
certain ritual iiMtten, aucb aa celebratia 
with one connuiucaiit only. Ho lefk 
cathedral, and did aot »t«m to it exoqit tol 
pcrfbttn Mme neceaaary epiampal acts, aucfa 
M confirmation, for more tkaa lwelv« yuua 
(16W'1872). Ilodid hit heM,bower«r.tO 
ttavooffproMcdinga in Dlibop Forbra'scaaOi 
andjpublialied ■nanTmoualy aom« ' PtoponU 
for Vmn.' Tb« trial toohpIaceinFohruiy 
and March 1880, and Wordawoith dolirarad 
an 'opiuiou ' which had ptvTioualr beoi ap* 
proTed by Oeorgn Forbes, die biimop'a bto- 
ther. The court unaoimoaalr oenaured uid 
ndmoniihed Biiihop Forbes, bat wiib iJbe 
leant pOMihle mverlty. Cbern*' later on 
t'ioidiiKd noma explanationa, and waa 
in 1808. WordnroTtb'a attitude in tb» 
tnftarj waa one of rcMrra, wotlnii|[ 
nnltifd action, and refraining frum publia 
demotiitnitiona on bia own uart. Bui be 
act bimaelf moat atreDooiady to form a 
thorougb and corrMt judgment on il. He 
critici««d Forbes'ii and Cheyne'a tncbtng not 
not only an unauiboriaed but ai diatarlung 
iheproportionsof tJiefaith. Hiaoolloi ' 
of authorities, especially Anglican and 
tiab, ar« of permanent imponance. 

Tbo rortoratioR of peace and the uau 
taneoua mviral eiparimcod by tbe «pr 
and presbvirrian communionsnTe an 
ing for that n-union work wbieh Wor^ 
woKJi had deeply al bnrt. (lis powerful 
lynodal and oiber addr«s<«e in tbew yMn 
brought the question irell forward, and at 
ono time an important conforonoe w*« t> 
protpcct. Ilia moit popntor contribution 
waa n anrmon on 'Kuodina and SyntyciMk' 
prpBclieJiulti07(publi»bodl869). Worts- 
wonh attempted to use the oppoirtuniliM uf 
changes in popular education by aiijrgMline 
that epidcopoliaos and prefebyterians miiiht 
iinitntoaoma extent in a common caloebiaa, 
but Uttlocamoof thosimfMtionat the time. 
AlW the Lambeth coBttKOCe of 1867 ha 
suspended bi« cfl~orts for filtesn jrears. Hi* 
ful in that conference waa generally on tJka 
side of Blfhop Hubert Gray Jq. r.] of Cap 
Town, but lem|>ered with a fear of diseMO* 
blithment principl«s. 

I'hv foiindntion of a school cbapel at Ptflh 
in IfitiB, of which th« bishop was piuctieaUy 
incumbent, wan a relief to him in hii £»■ 
appointmenta ax to tbn rathedral. An in- 
poriaul and aucceiuful eonfcrenoo of cl 
and laity was also held at IVith in I 
and the bishop bad bopea of (Riling Lha 
queition of tlie admission of laymen to 
cnurch synoda aynipathelicalty tre*C«d by 
thu )r«t>''nl aynod. Ry tb« lneRdlyg«sa> 
ruaity of Hisbop W. K. Ilaffliltfiit a'suii of 





\Vordsworth 



Wordsworth 



DC 300I. ■ T{«r w«« scU«<} to b'u incofne 
1 ia«t u> la? 1, wben bo obuiaed ft fallow. 
thljf at Wjnehaicr, k uttwr of gntX eoni- 
Ion to him. Bui, with tbDMQxeq)tioiia, tbe 
Tun tiiAt tvauinotl It I'c^rtli were ■ period of 
atTOMtiaa. IVoruM Farlvcw mignud in 
187], 4ad in liii place tint biibop appoinlMl 
John Burton, who aoon e«iue aoder tlie in- 
iuenooof PrK»nt«c TliimUe. Tboatnigglea 
of 1S&9 WW* ntpcatvd in IS73 or«r Uis 
'P«Ttb Numufjr' uid all«gnd bccMliM of 
f&illi in rpprd to htual. 11iecfau|reortfaij 
jear Inl lo ut indictm^at of tli« tiiafaop bv 
HuBible belbre Lb« rjiixmpa) Bynod, wuiult 
WM anuiinioiuljr dimiMM, £7 Msrcli lt>7S. 
After various iMgoiiatioBs with Hu» ek^fttv, 
tlw buhop in April l>iT4 anooiinced hia in- 
tCDtioB of rcai^iBff. But he look tta Rqw to 
MtkeUeScctivR. HothciiMtBhlialwd atoft 
of morfu ctnnvfi with Buiton, but he waa 
IMTor eaajr in hia n-latiiniB wilh t]i<^ cbaptcr 
at long a» he ivmainMl at IVrth. llumlilu'a 
death, on 7 Feb. I«r6, kidovhI th« chief 
atlor in thnu^ •li»put««. 

l>uring lliispcrioil the hislwlpnublifliod 
hia book ' On Snakiwpnaiv'a KnoirlnJgin and 
Um ot the Biblo'(ltt6l; 3rd inlil. 1880), 
wbich haa a pcmMDont plaoc in literatuni. 
"bt 1808 hia Uivek ^nuniiMr waa adoptoJ 
Iff tb« headoiaatera uf Ennbuvd. In 1870 
h* becaw one of ( bv coui tian j of New Trala- 
ment roTiaera. and wotkad hard at that eraat 
taak ; but bntiire it na» conp1el«d (iii lllSI ) 
bo expnaatd hi* rvaaoiw for diKcring from 
ibo action of the majority, who, he thought, 
n»de far too manTcIuuiKM. In !87i! h« pub- 
lUied an import unt iflmnH on 'Oullineaof 
th* Chtiitian Jliuiatry,' which waa auppl^ 
Dcnlrd in l)t79by 'It^narka on Dr. Light- 
foot 'i KMor,' 

In Ocloiw lfi76 Wofdawonh Infl IVrth 
for 8t. Andmwa. Ilo litiil residnd at Thi: 
Hall (hithotto a hall fur epiacopalian alu- 
denla atlamdin^; the tmiv^nitj), which he 
called Biahop'a llall or Bu>ho[ul]all ; it ia 
>0w8t. Leonard'kgtrU'fcliiML Afterwarda 
n8§7) b* nmored to a »nialk>r)iouae on the 
Seoree, which ha palM Kilrrmnnt, the old 
amteof St. Andrcin. St. Androwa brau^l 
Initl opportunities of a{[nin iiitliioneing 
jonng nien, and introduced him into the 
eongtnial liioarj-aociei^turuint t<vtliepn>- 
ftaiow of tba uninmtv. Muat'of ihvae 
WMV pt«itb;<«ri*B*, and tliia rerired hia 
faopofulnaaa in r^iunian work. The n«w 
eflona laajr be dalrd from litii irnnnn at thn 
ooneteratioa of K Jiabitrgh Cnthrdral (.10 Oct. 
1879). In tho aping of 16^ thu bidon 
reeetTed the bonocaiv dvgnw of U.D., botfa 
at St. .\iidrwwe aud F.dinbuTKh, end began a 
{■ractico of oeeaaioually piuacbiiig io preaby- 



tortan charchee in oonneetionwilb academic 
fonciiooa, aapmall* in ihe college church 
at Si. Andrew*, wliei« he pnaeiied about 
onc« a j^car till 18^. In Ma; 1891 be pab- 
liabcd an arti<-l« in the 'Soottidi dinrch 
Reviiiw ' Entitled ' t.'nion or Separation,' 
which contained the following DrofKwal: 
' Oao a rocoDcilistioa between praMTtcriaBf 
and ouimItco be elfeet«d upon the oodei^ 
atanding that the adoption of the threefold 
miniatn- i« evnniuallj to be accej)t«d aa the 
ban* of oor agrepcnont, tho wiMing genera- 
tion of preabi-tcrian clorg; buDg lofl free to 
riK«iTo upiacopol ordination or not, at thair 
own option ; and tbai in the neanlioM wo 
ara to work lagethn with mutual KHpect 
■nd with DO unkind or uiibrolherljr di^- 
manmpntof each olhcr'apMition?' 

^'bo alarm oxeit«d hj tbia prapoaal led to 
hia bt-ing denied hia proper plac* at tho 
SMbuiy cumnMEmomtioa at Aberdeon in 
October, ftir wbieh bu preparad and ptintrd 
a valuable addrees. Utacbargvof Scntnaber 
186S. 'TheCaae of Nun-episcujial Ordinatian 
fairly consJdcrfd,' i* in thu aaut^ line. The 
fullcat and mnat logical esprMsion of the 
acbctne ii jtiTiin in a letter in Archbiahop 
Benaon in preparation for the Lambeth cnn> 
rereuci;, dated M Mar 1868, and cotitlnd 
' Eceleaiaatical Union between England am 
Scotland.' Tbia is hia most iiaporiani pul 
lieation on the aubjecl. The eommitl«a ur 
the conferancr, under the preiidancv of 
Bishop Jiaxry, than metmpolitan of Sjdne 
went further than waa donmod expedient ' 
the conferenceor own by Wordiwortb. 
did D'tl pn-sabin prt-poiol further. 

Ou 18 April 1SS9 he preacbt^d the com^l 
incinoraliou Mrmon bofotetlie oniirriiiv or 
Kdinbursb.undertbelillo' A Threefold llule, 
of Cliriilian Duty needful for theM Times.' 

lli'latidlu wiili bii own cathedral 1 
to improTc aft«r tliu (novo to t^l. .\nd 
and ^>m 1^62 unwarda hit bdd hi* aynoda^ 
again tberu. In ISSu I*rovo»[ Burton died, 
and ibe lt«v. V. L. Ruridou uf Furfiir 
accepT«d tb« oiler of his position. Thai 
cnthodral nowlynanio athoroufrbly dioeesanl 
iuatitutinn. Fn>mISS6lolF'!K)«onio8,000<:*] 
waaapnnl upon it.andlbcncwnnmwnaeon-l 
aecmtdd by the biabop on 7 Aug. 1890. 'l1io 
ctutptcr-Iiouae, to wbicli hia library baa been 
giTC'n bv bia auns, will Ixi apeeially hia 
nemoriul. In tho same year thu birbop ap* 
pointed tbo protott of Si. Nlnians d>-un, and 
t!ip Bev. A. S. Aglen, incumbent of Alylh, 
nrcbdeacon — a new titln in the Scottiah 
church. A ar.Tcre illneiM followed ia thai 
winl«ir of lt!SO-l,but bcdelinred onemnre^ 
important chnrp.-, that on Old Tuatament 
criticiun, in Octobvr Iti^l, and »aw tii« 



Wordsworth 



Wordsworth 




appmrnncn nn<I mpid ■uccr'at r>f the lint 
Tolumo of lii< Biilubio^Bpliica] 'Aonal*,' uf 
wliieb » ucond i.-dilion wan rallrd for in 
tlia montU of iia public miou (October 18S1 ). 
His diarge of 188^ wa« d^iT«r«d in his 
a))Mnc« 1^ tl)»d«an. Tbn Ina moolhof his 
ltf« WM cliMTod by thfi foondatioD of iha 
' Scottith Clivrcti Siocicty ' by his friend Dr. 
MilliKiuu He dind nt St, Andrcwi on 
fi Ike. 160S, and wni buried in tlic cathi,— 
And yard. On th« mumorial tablet, after 
the dalea, folluir thMtt worda, drawn up by 
bimself: ' Rum^mbering tbu prayer of his 
Divin« I«r<l and Jlai^tiT | for thv unity of 
His Church nn rnrlh, | lln praynd con- 
tinually and Uboiirtid Rnrnnlly { thai a wny 
may be foutiil, in (J'>d'» kooJ tinip, | For thu 
ifiunlon of thu Epiicopnliaii and I'rmbjteriun 
bodioi ( wilhoul iLi^ siicrificu of Cutliolic 
[iriTiviplu 1 or Script ural Trulh.' 

Wot>l6Wi>rtli Inft hi* own communion ia 
a much hiffhRr pnxif.inn in piiblii; npinion 
than whon lie first cara^ to tli^ country, and 
this ekuigit was lar;^dy due tu liis couraico, 
pen(tt«iit eacrgj-, and ability. Tbe diocese 
developL'd t'0[i»iiieralily during The forty 
veara' (-jti^copale. Tbi' nuiubiir of incuia- 
Deiici<4 iDcreMed frooi sixtoen to tweniy-«ix, 
and now churches or chapels w«re built in 
at Iposi iwentyvlit pines. The piir«miif[R- 
houHiJ inuntmed from two (Diinblnnt- and 
Kirri'finuir) to twi?nly, including llio pro* 
VMi't house at Perth. 

Wurdiw'rlb u-ati full and huudBome,w'ilh 
a «tron„- iiiii] prcpcMs^feiing coaoteiiaoce, s«t 
olT by ll^ln'n curly hair and brightrn«d by 
« irinning tmilp. lie hm) n tiwte and a 
talent for frifnd>bip. and numbiavd amoiiij 
hia lirini-it friend* Bisboim W. K. Ilamiltuu 
aad T. L. CIau^-hi»n, and Roundtrll Palmer, 
lord S«tbom«. In dtsposilJon h« wns geae- 
fouj, and free in nxponiw. lie wu very 
aecuncc and orderly, oven iu IriScn, and 
expected olbers to be to. Hit characlcr, lu 
whII a» hi§ I'Xferieuce aa a leaebur, made him 
critical, and hit could be occasional 1j^ serero, 
and hn wxt tbcrcforv rom<>timr^ mitiindged. 
lie vra< on tile one side i[npul-''ivc iind ea^r, 
on tha other (cnsilive, and mbject to fili of 
deprewiou; but on the whute he tvai sati' 
);aiu« Hud n4oIi[t«> and gifted with much 

Sieri>cvi>raticeendconsL8teucy. His r»di>;iou» 
nitb was unn'no and rational, wbiln hn had 
little lympnthy (or tlui pbilniiopUical and 
myslfntius iupi-ct« of religion. He never 
preacheil without book. and look great pnins 
with big sermons, nhicU wore udmirabiy 
ifcUvOTeii. 

Of the l»ibqp'd publications hia two small 
books, a ' Di>o.>urie on the Scoltish Ro- 
ibmmliao' (1S6I) and a ■ DiscoiirM on 



Scoltiab Church History' (1681), are both 
valuable for the earlier perioda of their sub- 
jecl. His own life in oMtbiiil ia recorded 
in the two volumea of * Public App«ala aa^A 
behalf of Christiau Unity' (l8d6>,<Kiat»ia^l 
ine his chief writinp and addivwes on th^H 
subject of ecclMiasticAl polity, Mpecully m 
rogards Scotland, from 16M to 1mS5. Tbny 
arc connected hy useful •ummnries and intro* 
ductioua which are indiqwtuable fur tbe 
hiatory of the period. He published a]»u s 
ommcotary on * Eccleaiael ieua ' in the 
Society for Promoting Cbrislian Know- 
ledge eilition of tbe 'Apocrrplia' (I8S0-I), 
nnda ' Life of lUsbop llnll, prefixed to tb* 
edition of his 'CoBl.-inplntioo* ' iuniod by 
tbe muio locicly in IHiL\ His edition oi 
twelve of Sbaheapeare'a • nistorical Playa' 
( I>^^, 3 vola.) deserves lu be butter kuown. 
During the evening of hix life at St. Ab- 
dr«ws lie indulgc^d hi* tjutte in I.alin veno 
in a way that n^ndt^rxd his rmidencc thcM 
mora delightful to his friends. The effect 
of some of them »-iu heightened by a part- 
nership with Dean Stanley, which began 
witb a (ruiulaliun by (he laller of oonitt 
spiriled hexuiuelur lines to Dean Hansaj 
(1872), and attained its highest point ia tbe 
version of congratulatory ologiacs to Lord 
Bcaconsiield nftrr the Berlin congtctK 
(1676), which Lord Iteecoiufield compared 

gomewbat inaptly) to the partnership of 
eaumoul and Vlelcbur. In 18^ tie pub- 
lished trutuluIJumi of Keble's hj luu 9 relating, 
to the clerical olSc>\ reprinting wilh thei 
th* versions of Ki^n and Krbln published 
Wincbciter in 1843, In 1800 he prad< 
a remarknhlo lour de/orfi; tbti whole 
of prayer-btiok collecia in Latin eJcgiacs, 
the Hutucu uf muuy weur^' bourv of aicXnedi. 

Thu titles of numerous other valuable 
papers am detailed in tbe bibliography at 
the end of the * Kpiacopatn,* among whiifb 
may be named ' Papal AgjiraMion in tha 
East" (lt?5C); various putJicattons on the 
Scoll.Ish crimmuniuu umce and un the east- 
ward pisitiun of the celebraul ; a Sli 
spenrian sermon, ' Man's Excellency aOauMJ 
of PraisR and Thankfulnrw toOod'' (IdM)! 
■St. Chrysottom as an Orator ' (1864)1 
' Archbishop llamdton's Catechism ' (U 
aud 'Pindar and AtlUelio* Ancient 
.Modern ; an Addrew to SL Aadrtrwa StH 
.hints '|ISf48). 

The bishop had twelve children by 
second marriage, five sons and seven dauj 
lent, uf whom lhn!C ttuna and liv« daiiglit 
still survive. Ili« widow died on 33 Ap 
1897. 

An engraviug from a tMirtrail dnkWB 
G. Richmond oboul l^lOliaugn in the I 





Wordsworth 



Wordsworth 



MM(«r'a bouw mt Wiaehi^Xrr. A thne- 
auutvr-lmfctli pottnil, ptintod in oila by 
O. lIortburabofKdinbargDin 1893^belciBg«Io 
Mr.W. It-Wordiwunli. A portrait, [i«ini«d 
in IS^'J bv II. T. Munna, and a piiotogra^, 
tUtvA l(iti", were on(fr»T«i by W. L. Colb 

London.!^. 

[Poll niUemda far WanUiiYtftli'ii lifn tn 
Mnt&tMtl m Asiult ilf my Kniij litt (I80a- 
IMS), pabluhctl by biiD«lf in IbOI : AuDoUof 
uyLile (ISC-M), ei. by W. tUrl Uodjtaon, 
tS*3i oBd Tha KniacopaU of CbtrlM Wordi- 
woitli (1 8fiS-9I), ImAoti, ISM, ■ m«inoir, witb 
fOUM iiMtctiala for fanning • j«dg»(M on tha 
gttti qOMtioa* in tiM diifiw ef wtileb h* 
«M coMf*FM<l, by JeliD Woidivorlb, b'ubop of 
SkliiJiDry, •rnlrr lyT tii'n article'. Tho tut ii 

CradMl by a A«(cli of ibo narlicc yMra, nnil 
a biblio(cni]iby tffL MO-U.)] 

JoKM Simm. 

WORDSWORTH. CnRISTOrHKR 
fI'"-H'^"t.iii**i'"r "if Trinity C-cillnp-, Ciim- 
faridg*^ youngcM too of Jobn Wordniioith 
■■d yoMiiprt brotlicr of Witliam Wardiwortli 
rq.T.'^ waa bum at Cc^kivmuutb id Ciun- 
DCrland on i> Juav IT'i. lie rveeivMl hit 
Gnt education at Hawbabfad grasunar 
achool, and west to IVi&ily CoUese as a 

fauioatT in 1<W. n»grailuati>d IIA. in 
796 B« ii^ntli wranitkr, and in 1798 iraa 
dactod fellow- of bi« colUgr. BxtncL* from 
a diary kept by him at l-'anibri<lj^ (I'S^- 
1801) biTo biMa printed by bU HTaacUon 
Cbriitoplief (Skui/ Life at the Rylt*i f/ni- 
rtraltir*,Vf.oSb~{Ki). il« procoedtfd M.A, in 
1799 and D.D. (by royal msndaK^) in I^^IO. 
In IBOSWonUirorth publi»!i«l,«nonynioii*Iy, 
'Six I.«ttRr« toOnuitillo Sbnrp, Km., rmiioct- 
ing bk "Itconatlv on tbo L'cn of Utc l)eliiu> 
ti«c Article in the Gmk Text of tbe New 
Testament,'" London, t^J [aee Subf, 
GKlsniLBj. Wordswortb suppont<d )iii 
TiHwawitli ^reat learning and a«cuT«tDacbo- 
lanbip, gainuiK thereby the approTal of Ri- 
cbaid BDCUtiQ|,T.]Cp(«bcn to ll'/to wraU 
&am BanilOuti p. ivT. 

Wordnicarth bad bocn priraie tntor to 
Charlea Manners'^ttoa, first viscount Can- 
tcrlraiy (q. v.^ pmbablr while be was aii 
nnda^radoate of Trinity Col]<>)^ |,1*'.>8- 
ISOS), end ibrougb Liiu hail bpcome ao 
oBainted with lus fnilier, then biehop of 
Norwich, find aflarwarda arcbbiehop of Can- 
tarbury. itolh father and eon becaoM hi* 
patron*. Tbo bsihoi) in l>mi prevented bint 
totberoctoty of Aabby wiibObynnd'tliiiine, 
Nor&lk, a prvCenutnt wkieh enabled liim to 
utany. In l^^i, when Uaaaera-Sutton 
becam* ar^biKhop of CaaUrhDi^, he lasde 
Wotdcworth hia docaeMi« diapbiiii and 



trauferrtd bim fim to tbe rtdory of Wood- 
church, KeiailtOC), and next (1806) to Ibo 
dcarwff and rectoir of Bocktog, Bues, to 
whiebMnnkiuEleigti,Sairo1k,wa«afterwa(da 
added (ISlL')- 'n l^l^ tl»^ pr«renaeBte 
wenr eichotifiDd for St. )IarT'ii,Laiiiboib,ai>d 
Sundridgtk Kent, in the fanner of which 
perisbca Wordevrorth actively protnolvd 
tbe er«ctiou and endowment ol additioBal 
diurcliM. In 1817, wh«n hi* old popil waa 
elected spaalier of tbo Tlouse of Ceaunoiu, 
Wotdawortb bacamo cboptain. 

llemUoce at Lambsth Rare Wmdaworth 
facalilieeofaecea* to th« library, of which he 
availed hioiwlf lor bii ■ EechluaUieal Bio- 
grapLy' published in 1810, with a dedication 
to the archbishop. lu 1811, with liis friend 
Joxhun Walcon [q. v.], be took au aotii-o 
part intbe foundation of the NaltoaalSoi'iuiy 
(Chcbtof, Li/eaf lt'aOon,i. US). 

On the death of William Lort Manwl 
[q, v.], on a June lew, Wordsworth waa 
1 made master of Trinity College, Conbrid^, 
' by Lord Liverpool, oo the ncumucodation 
,' of the archbishop {Annals <if niu £izr/y L^«t 
p. S). IIo Ihcmupon jare np Lambeth uul 
8iindrid){r, rccciviii)[ in ucbaag* the living 
of Bulled witb t^ckJir-Id in Sumiue. lie re- 
moved at ouce loCnmbiidgc, and wai elected 
vioti-chancvllorl'urthecnaiiingaeaikinieytar, 
1S20-I. lie held the offloe for a seeond 
time, 1S36-T. Tbe new master began as a 
reformer. A fvti moDiha afler lue election 
he laid bclbn the aeiiior* bit riaws on ; 
vidisK incToawd accommodation in 
fur uudergnduiitea. Tbe fit»t entry on t£b 
subject iu the ' Concliuion Book' in date' 
1-1 Pec. 1820, auil, uutwillislauding oon 
eidersble opiKwition in tbe society, the quo-l 
dninglocjilliHl'ThnXew Court' WRioccupied ' 
in the Uiehni'liiiniit-'nnof 1823. The archi- 
toetwaiWillinm VVilkinii [g.v.] (.IrcA. Hi»t. 
ii, 661-60), Further, he mitituird in hia 
j own college priieii fur eompoiii ions in Latin 
hexameters. elegiai'S, and uLcaim, and during 
hisflnt Tice-chsacellor«bip {lOAjml l8i'I) 
I moda proposals for a public exuuimutiuu in . 
. eloatiai and ditinitj whi«li met with coa-J 
I Bdetwbfe support (\Viii:wKtL, Uf a litrr 
; Jiduration, { "iXf^), and, tliongh rejtictod i 
tbe time, may be regarded as the parent i 
tbe classical iripos, mtablished in tbo tbl-J 
lowing veer. ITts mastetabip, however, cnO] 
hnrdly bn dcxcribed as a eiiccees. Ho CJUna 
back to Cambridjin after an abeetice of sis> 
teen ycani,withintrrp4t*anil frimd" oiitsii! 
llie pale of the univrnily. Hi* wife bad 
died in ISIS, and be bail no iIituKhtnr op 
female telalivu to take hernloire nt tbe head 
of lulhousehulJ. He tht.-a-lcire let! n secluded 
liCr, and made fuw, if any, new friend*. 



Wordsworth 



8 



Wordsworth 






Ha wu a airict diM'ipliRtrinii. atiil «xiicti>d 
an unqnaftiotuDg conformh^r id nil collega 
rnilea. It was on kia initkiiv? tliRt a nora 
ftequAnt attaadanen at nhnpRl Rnn ioMalcd 
Upon — a atpp wliich ao irrilntrd the onilcr- 
■nduatm that the; valnblubi^d a 'SoL'ietj 
JW the PrBvention of CrupIlT to Uiiderfrra- 
(lual««,'wtiic)iprml«dan'lpublUli(!dfc>rafew 
meka a tabular view or ih^ atleoJanco nf 
tba fellows, with note*. The yniiager tDen* 
hRraAfthocolle^lwrsiiitKiiilyiiiiiRitidnnnnod 
biic, though ha had born the fint to allow, 
•a Tioo-obaiioellor, th« Union Dcbatinir So- 
t&tltf pnviontiy forbidden. Nor did be fafe 
nuch better with ih« feUowa, aa may be 
gal1ii>r«d 1>>iu what took place when lie re- 

SiM*icd Connop Thirlwall [q, v.l lo n«i^ 
is aawtADi i iitomUip. 
Word*vmrtb wa> nn itnmMt and di^cplr 
Mlipouaman; in»oiniiivMifH.'ctaft bighchureb- 
man of thu old •cliool, but with uTmpnthj 
for whateVM waa R^od and nolle in otlivri, 
and toLmsoe {orameoten{ArmiiU,&c.,pf. 
380-4J. In Iin1iiic«he waa a alaUDch c(>n- 
MTtatiTe, and when nip>and weakened hmlth 
induoad him to nwi^ tbo mftitcTxIiin nf 
TrinitT CoUeyc. ho waited till Sir llnWt 
Petl was in olfico in order lo be sure ibat 
^'illiam Wbewell [i], T.] would iriicf^twd him 
(£(/*•! <(f Wkfttftl, p. '2'2b). He rvai^'iied in 
Oolober 1841, and retired to BiixU'd, wli^re 
iM died OB 2 Keb. )»4I». On H Her, 1804 
ha toarned a qiinker Indj, I'rincilU l.lovd, 
daiight*P of CThnrtpii Llnrd, banker, nf llir- 
mingham, and aiitir of ciiarlm Lloyd \<\. v.l, 
the poet (LrCAH, Charlet Lamb and the 

WonI«worlb bud thTee sons: John, of 
wbr>m an account ia giTen below.and Charles 
and < 'hriatnpbrr, who are •pparatoly noticMl. 

)li( principnl wnrkn, rxclniivp of thoufi 
nlnradj mentioned, werr: 1. ' Kr-clesiBiitical 
Biugrapbf ; or Liven of Emintiit Men eon- 
DeclM with Ihu JliBiurv of Iteli),'ioii in 
Enclaad from the CoiaiD^Dceui^iit of the 
RsRimialion to the Revolution, with Notm,' 
lAlO, 6 vol*. %vr>; Snd ndit. 1819; Snl odit. 
(with a now intmduclion and ndditionnl 
liTC»), I831I; 4th edit. IS53. 2. 'Sennons 
on rarioua Subjeeta." 1814, 2 volit. Svo. 
8. 'Who wrote HIKCS B.\2I-MKH?' ISJL 
In ibia work and llioiie ibot nuccL-edf^d it 
WordarrorlhBiijiuijried'heclaimsofCbarli'*! 
a« the aatlorof ihe lenn ( w 0*roi;5,,Jon », 
wharo the tith-s of Word a worth 'h publirn- 
tion* ara given, with a full ROemmt of tb<i 
oODtTOTMVv: cf. Qunrtfrlii Jieii'm; x»«ii. 
487: Eilintitifffi Renmr, xlir. 1.-17; nrli<?lo 
liT Sir JBm<n .Miickinlosb. reprinted in bu 
HVH ed. IH^I. i. M»-i-J). 4. 'Cbrialtan 
Inaiiiutca: a SerieaofDiicuuraeaaiidTrBcU 



•rli-Rtod fr-im the Wriiinc'of ih» ia<vn 
' ncnt Divines of the 1-Jigli^ Church,' 1836,' 
I 4 voU. Bvo. 

' HiacMc«taoo,JonN Wi>n])airoKTii(lS06- 

' ifSO), born at Lonlxith on I Jnlr 1803. waa 

, «dacaie>J at a scboot at Woodlord, Eaaex, 

kept by Or. Holt Okea <181l5-30>, and ai 

' WincWier 0>llege <1830-4). la October 

18S4 be rutnmenccd rvmdeitt* at TVinii; 

I CbUwB, ('ambridn>. Ilia unimsJt}' career 

j wa* Siitinaniabed. la 1BS5 hn obtained 

< the Bell auiolanbip, in 1820 a achidanhip 

' at hia own GoUcoe, and wai M«ond £br tfa« 

Poraonpriae: in 1^:^ be obtained tl. InlSSS 

' he pro^eded lo the D,A.. degrw, bat was 

diaqnalitled for clawinl hnoioura tltrongh 

distaste for mntbt^atin. In 1830 Imi was 

eleRlml fellow of bia cnllri^. 

llarcaidedat Care bridjiv till lS33,nccti|iT> 
in^ himself with literair punuita. Dunn; 
tlua period he contributed to the first nimiber 
of the ' Philciloeical Nuaeam ' a reriew of 
SchoIufi(<ld'B -.^scliylu,' which eihtbiied 
UDn«us1 power" of criticism and eitent 
reseitrch. In IKtSheviuIedl-'rancp.Switti 
land, and Italy. .\t I-1nr«ncn he collat 
cnri'Titllvthe Mr^dlMsn manuwrip tof jKadi;- 
Iu«, with a Tiew to a new edition. Some 
uie wiu made of his material b^ John 
Cdoingtou [q. r.1 in his editiou of the 
■ Choephotte. In' 18^ he was appoisted a 
classical leoinrer in Trinitj f'oll*^. Hi* 
li?CtUK« vera ivmnrlinbln for nradilinn and 
unwvnried industry-. In addition to the 
work tbua entailed upon Um Im undertook 
tocJit Vi. Beniler's 'Con««»ai»deiiiee' (after- 
ward* completed Vj )"• brotiier Christ <:^er)- 
Ue alao made lar^ Mllections for a claasMl 
dictionai; (AtitebiognpJ^yii/ ttmn Afen'r«i>, 
p. 193). In 1837 he wa> ordained deacoD, 
and priett. shortly aftsrwardt. 

.\l about the ume time hia bnalth b«gn 
tn fail ; he teniffned his Ucturtabip. and even 
cndeaToured, it ts laiil, to obtain eouoatieoia) 
work of teas severity elsewhere. Pnin this 
atepbewasd!«siiade'),a&d remiiin(<d at Cani- 
bridge till hia death on 31 IVc. 1839. ITa 
\» buried in tb« snli>chn|ir-l nf the colWr, 
where a inontimmt to him waa pla«cd by 
Biibwription. The bust waa executed \>j 
Wn-kr«,underCbanlrey'aauperviaion. Most 
of hia collections are in the poSMOsian rf 
bia nirpbcw, the biahop of Salisbury. 

[i:i,'Til. Mug. ISte, {. S29; AsMla of my 
Eiily Lifu. )iy Cbariee Wotdawonb, LosIm, 
ISQI.Stq: Memoir of Josliua Wataon, ad. Bl- 
winl Ctiurlnn. Oxford. ISdl. S vnli. Svo; Lif> 
of $r<le«ii'k I'y Cttiri and HugbM, i. 434; Ijb 
cfWilliimWbcirpllbyMra Stair Douclas, 188), 
p. U3S: Groduiiti CanUibritrienKa. For Joba 
Werdsworch— *•« Ccmwpandcticeof Dr. 0*atl«)i, 






Wordsworth 



Wordsworth 



IStt, Sro, ppL aTJ^i.HBdHemoin of Witliu* 
W(if>]*«orlh. lUI. iL UB. bolh b^ Cttimofium 
WordimtOi, buhopof lincDla; AaaabofDj 
Eulj LiTcw bjr Cbulu WordsvoRb. biifcop o( 
8L A»drnv I SO r , p. 313 ; Chri<tn{.l,i>r W(niU> 
womb, buhop nf LiDcala, t^ J. It. Orwlon kImI 
E.Wunlnr<>ni.lSg8; 0«^M«c. tSIO. t. 434,1 

J. W. C-K. 

WORDSWORTH, CnRISTnrHFlt 
ri807-186fi>, buhop of lincoln, bnm nt 
UBibetb on 30 Oct. ItKI?, wna Uiird and 
jo«m|[Mt Wd of Chruiopher Word«irorth 
|17?4-1816)fq.T.*l,tiiiiiitiTi>rTnnit.TColU««, 
OUBbridg*, iWvD lcil\>,aQil his wifv Pmctiia, 
diiuKliKTnfCliAriMUoj'ilnrBiugler Hiill, 
Birmineh-im. J^ihit, lb« sclioUr, and UbtrlM 

tq. V. ), biiliop of Si. ADdrvw*, wcni bi« «lder 
irolbcr*. Tlio tliNO irtm bronekt up at 
Bockin^. Emcx, of whicb th«jr Mtbor in* 
ndor BDil d««ii from 16(W, and at Sun- 
drid^c, Keot, vrli«n? (bey mrre frooi I81U 
fn«mb> and Dejfbbuun of flenrr Edn-ard 
Manniiigr [^v.f In Ifilft ther'lo^l their 
Botlwr, a»d id 18^ OirigtoiiW ODier«>d 
■« a eoBiinoaer at WiDi;hn«t«r, w1ii-r« hn 
diMuipui«b«l hinuFlf botli a* n nchoUr and 
U Ml •thlet«, and was known w ' the Rrcat 
CbriaUMibftr/ In l^^j he left Wineliealcr, 
and in ]83Q «nt«red at Trinit j CoUeM, Uun- 
bridgn, wbiMV bU list of n>Itir^ aud uuivn^ 
•it* ftifn and lionoim was almost ii[r>iiiii?. 
In l!^30 li« |[twliiatml as Ninior olamic and 
fouftrmitb wnior optinM>, winning also th* 
finl c)xai>cfllIor'« nMal for claiiical aludiu ; 
aikd in till? sane jtar be wu i>li«lcd CeUaw 
of TrinilT-, and Moam: ibunir aflcrwanU 
umxani coU«g»-lulor. lu IKi:i!-3 ha tn> 
yMti in Grmm, asd wa% the Gnl Euglbb- 
man ptnx^tctl to Kin^ CHho. Ii« vaa a 
keen ob«anrcr: e.g. bis onjcctara oa to IbA 
rit« of Dodoo* was conlinned in IHTB bv 
Canpanw. llii ■Atheni and Attim' and 
•Owiea' are Mill books of authority. In 
1933 be was ordiuDird deacon, and in I^SS 
IffiiM. Ir 1890 be wa* cboMU public orator 
at Cnmbrid^, and in ili« same vmi- bM-^iut- 
beadi&aM(T of Harrow. In 1838 he matried 
Snaanaa llatlny Krem, dsiigbtar of Georga 
Pwre, m »olicitor (aft<TKard< of Twyford 
nouu)ta BBirru^ which praved ihacMatMt 
kappiiwM of bu life. iliB position at Harrow 
WMdiRicnll. IKwiptiii^ bifl bi.'i>ii lax there, 
and, altbou]^ be improrieil tlie r-^ttgioua tont^ 
and wa« instrumental in biiiltli&g a kIiooI 
chapel. Ibn oumbpn dr^ri-aiHwl greatly uoHer ' 
hie brftdmutpnliip; be uiffcrcd pvriiiniiry 
lo*S and hLi bualtb bcmii tn foil. In 
1844 bv wa* apniiiiipd, tlimiufh Sic Itobert 
PmJ, canon or Wmtuiintirr. He vaa oou 
of the chi^ fniuiden of iKh WMtminM«r 
•piritoa] aid fund and of St. John'* Home, 



an institution for training nurut ; and bn 
won ropulaiioM aa a prcacbur at tbn abbi-y. 
In 1B60 bo acccMtd tbo oounliy living of 
3taiiii)(d-in*Uie>Vale, Bi^rluliiie, lu the jifi 
of iLedeanandchApierof WMtminUer. Tbo 
iacMiMoftbuliTiuKsasinoretlMDawBllowrd 
up bj tbo expesfeei bni Wotdsworth'a ex- 
perience of neaily twenty yoori a* a poriab 
Cil stood bin in good *t«ad wbrn lio 
mo a hUbop. In 1652 he was i-lt«t>Ml 
nroctof in eonfocation for the cbapler of 
Wntnineter, and for wtimiI«mi years waa 
a prominent fignm in tbe lover boua* of 
coDTocation. In 1886bebecai»e awlideacon 
of Westniinfiler, and finally, in Novuinb^^ 
1868, after considerable bniitatioD, be uoi4 
eeptt^d, on the noraiimtion of IMiraoli, tlw 
biabonric of l.ineoln. He waa cian*ecnl«d 
in Kobniary 1S60. In tbe same year lia, 
rcvim) the olliee of (eo-<-alled) •afTragaaj 
bivhopa, ounAecmt iiig JltMiry Mackeuio [Q-t.]^ 
bisbop-eullVa^n of XutlJugban on 2 Foik; 
IWO, and in |W71 ihe iliooeMn synod. Only! 
otie nnod, bowpver, wns h<iid ; bul at (bat 
•ynoa tbo eMobliihoipnt of a dloccaui coo- 
femico of cWsy and laity was orrwigedtJ 
wbicb bas bntn ni^ld annually ever since. la^ 
1871, oftrr the I'urchasjudirnieHl, Vie revived 
tbe USD of the cope iu Liucolu Calbcdral. 
He also held that adittinclira dreM of thai! 
celebrant In holy coniranninn waa pcmMaibli 
under the ' oroainent* rubric,' but not coin- 
pvlsory. 

One' of Wnrdfwortli'a marlied cbarte-, 
t«Ti*tics was his moral courage in de 
witb burning qu«eiious. The dioce«e 
Lincoln is a BtrOD^lloId of Wrfleyaeists,! 
and iu I87S be issued ' A Pastoral to tbo 
Weeleyan Methodists in tlm DiocHe of 
Lincoln,' inviting them to return to their 
iDocbfr cbnrcli on iho principles of their 
foondnr. A vehprocnt coulrotpray followed, 
thn heat of n-hich was not allayed wlutt^ 
•bortlr artirrwnrds he declinrd to Uto bil^ 
influence with the vicar of Owftnn toallow 
Ibe title of 'Renerend' to hi. applied to a 
Weeleyau minister on a tombstone in the 
chuTchyard. His di^cision wns upheld io 
thn court of an-hcs, but o^-erruled iu Ilia 
privy pnunril. | 

In IsrS-Jl occurred 'the Owe! Coatea 
case,* on hi* refusiuf,' tu iiiititiite a clergy* 
man who bad porcliatied thi> lif« inlrtnit i» 
an adniwftoii, which the bishop held Io b» 
practically the prirchiiHt of n next pre*entii- 
liou. Til" couns, however, Ill-id ihnt it was 
of the nnturi! of the purclinie of an adrow- 
»on. Tbo bishop bud lo pay humy costs 
and damages ( hut the laily of ili.» diomee 
•tibscribed the sum (l>*}00'-). wlii«b lu d»- 
TOted to rcpftiruig Birfiop Alnwicli*s tower. 



Wordsworth 



lo 



Wordsworth 



I 



h 



Id )ff7t liii Dpposod lliu public womhip 
nigulAlioQ bill, bticauBo be iboiigUt ihnC ibii 
church bttd n«t hail a fnir opfirlunity of 
ducuMuij^ it in iin own propnr asscmblv 
(oonvocfttiou), nnd he bud raudi t<i do wiiU 
wving the bisbopa' vela in riluil ]iru«.H:ii- 
ltOD«. In 1880 hu ttoodaliuuM uluue ntuoiig 
the bi'liopH in bia opposition to tU'< biirikU 
bill, which opuut^d cliurcbirards for non- 
chareh wrvicr^ In Ih73 he r^vlvd, nftrr 
on abufanco of mora thnn n hundtvd yuar*, 
tbc triHanial vUil»t ion of the ca t liodiul budj ; 
and in 1871 h« rviBiuiHl thu ' Litudum ' unJ 
'Novum RegiBtruui' uf Bialiou Alnwiek as 
stalulM hy which lbi>r shuuld be guided. 
II« contended ilmt eacQ reMdcntJar; canon 
hod bin nwn particular work, and in(i«t(id 
iip»ii (ratisCimt r<uideniM> hi n oViir jua iion 
tut tbu cupituloc budT. t)nii ratult wob thu 
cBtabLiahiunit of tho 'St^hotm Canci'llurii' fur 
the Irainiur of yoang muu for Uil- miiustry 
under the oiroctton of the chaac(-lli>r. Ed- 
ward \Vhit« lI«n8ou (ufUrwari* arcli bi*hop), 
wboin ho brniiKbt (tvna WttWiDglna Colb'gr, 
ond drou- inlo tlic circlR of cnlbi^dral nnd 
dioonan lifv, tbut ctvating an inlimncy 
which iiaA valuablu lo tiuth. Un tlim iti- 
etiCutiou (be biabop «xpi*iidpd pvrsuiiHlIy at 
]«««t S,WOL, begiilva aii annual tub^criptii'iu 
of 100/. to the biinarf fund. Miiiic^nerotiiy 
ti> tho dioixiio (n^, indeod, rlnjwhnre) waa 
nnboundcd : otic of hi* kit. gift* wm that of 
111* cosily commi'iiinry on thu whole Bibhi 
to CTi^ry licfUBi^d (.-uriiti-. 

Wordsworth's aiiti-K«niu.n altitude was 
TCr; inurkud, tv<p<.-ciull,v in Win t'artier lifi.'. 
And Wfts e-xtiibilod in bi« booV« on the 
' ApocalvpuR ' nnd the Ktrihing' ' Lptlnr* lo 
M. Uondon" (l»j:) iind 'K.iJHol' (1848). 
Ho miido HpL'L'tal inquiriux into cliiirdi lifo 
in Franw and Italy, and Icfl intcrvit in;:; m«- 
roorinU of hi« (•niini in a ' Diary in France ' 
(ISJ-l), 'XotM ut Tiri*' (I«ft4), and 'A 
Journal of aTonrin Italy' (1803). Ho wan 
naturnlly on« of tint iT.roujrcat »npporIvr« of 
thf AriHlo-Coutiiieiiiul Sofifiv, tho wowttary 
of u'liiuh (L'uuod V. Mcyrickj woi ooa of 
hit i-.\itiuiiiiu)' cbupbiiiis. Tb« revolt of thu 
old cntbolicti iu GiTOiatiy, wbiuh f•>UoWl^d 
th» Vniicnn iHinncil of 1870, dn-w him lUlo 
closi.' r«lalion» with IKillini^>riimlhisfrii>ndit. 
Hcattniidcd ibn ronaroM atColnfrnn in 1872, 
writing u rvmutkablr Icarm^d Ijitin lottnr 
to its mi^iDhuni on bis ju1lnu^y in favour of 
the aboblion of cluncul ci.-!iliai?y. Ho wiui 
also deeply interealed in the Oruek churuh, 
to which he looked with hopefuluiim ta not 
irrevocably com mitt <!d to miw devHlopmeats 
of doi-triiU'- lii^inji an acrompliibed modorn 
Grwh Bcboliir, hu was nbln to bold intnr- 
COii»«irithiUmcuiU-»nithgrcatitr facility 



N 



* 



ilum mo«c Hncli'-hDiini. IletmiAlntfd into 
Urcnk (aa well a« Latin) tha l^mbRth en- 
cyclicola of 1867 and 187(( ; and hi! received 
with ffTuat duliffht at Kiacbotate AJvinndflr 
Lvcurtjus, urclibisbop of 8yra and Tvuoa, 
wliu visiiud EnHlandiu I8(U- Wordtiwortli 
lived jii»t long «aough to see ibe accnm- 

[i]i'hni-?at of a 8ch«DM' which ho had long 
loil at hosn. : the suhdivinion of thodioccNo 
of Lincoln, and tho MtnliiiniinirJit of the new 
avo of SouthvitU. ombmciut; Nottiugbam- 
abire ond Derbyshire. Tboujjh a Cambridgw 
man, he bad fii.>c{ut>iit coulact with Oxford. , 
As bi&h'ip of Liuculn Uewasrr-tifficio visitor^ 
of Brawuow and Lincoln oollegM ; in 1881 
he tucceitfully maintained kia right to ap- 
point a clvricol fidlnw of Lincoln, a right 
whick waa about to bo tWPiit awn^ by tho 
nuw collegD statiitea. In lt*l but h«alth 
gnvc way, and on 'JH Oct. of that year hia 
«'if« diT^'d, a blow from which be never re- 
cuverud. On 9 F«b. 188t) ha r«aigned hii4 
■ee, Slid on ^1 March paued nwav at thai 
linuEii of hin Fion-in-law, I'. A. Steodman, at 
llari''Wi-io<l. His fiinRtal took ploco in Lin- 
coln (.'atbfdral on 2r> March, wbt-owi hit 

body vin.1 convcyt-d to Kisuhulmi-, and laid . 

by the nidc of bin wife. He left a family of ^H 
tiro aoua and Qvpdaugbtera. Hi8e1deua(Hi,.^H 
John, became bi*hop of .SaliBbiiry (Octobor ^^ 
18.*v'i), and his tccond son, Chri^tophM", ii 
known oa a writar on univrrsity life and^^ 
liiurjiicjil aul^octa. Hia uldnat duiiKbUTf^H 
Klixnbeth, bL-cntne in l>*~9 the finil princip*!^^ 
of L»dy .Margnret Hall. Oxford, an laalitU- 
lion wlii(.'h liv warmly supported. 

Therv ar* several portrait* of Bishop 
Wordsworth; ono inniu, paint*d bylCobaon 
(18^), bnlongin^ to bin brother'! fainiljii 
one in crayon, liruwn by tl. Iticbmond (16G9}| . 
with Canon Wordsworth; one in oil*, by-' 
Edwin Long, U.A- (1S78), at Old I'alaoe, 
Lint'olii ; imi in uilit, by E. R. Taylor, aud 
a drawing in coloured crayons by lEov. J. 
MAniK-ll, Dot.h taken whrai h« wo* biihop of 
Lincoln, with Canon Tmbcck. A Inut hf\ 
Miller bidongs lo Hia Worditworth. Tbi 
bp.it porlniit, pprhiips, is a pbolu|;rapb by 
Elliott i: Fry l^l(?^l p.n'producwlm hia'LiTe-' 
A gouil portrait of Mr?. Wordaa'orlh by Ed' ' 
dis is at lilt- Puluct^, Salisborr. 

Word»worih wa* an indrtatigablo wrilwr, 
hot much mor>> than a mrrn *cbolar. Hii 
mtimory was roiunrkablo. and bia Iramii 
always roady for um!. Ho waa cU-ar-bi-ai 
and buaiiipssjiki;, yi-t he bad a vein 
myslio I'lilliusiasiu. In manner hfl 
quick but courtouut and digniSed; bia 
Kuage wa^ atudioiisly rvflnfd, but rsllME' 
full ill iu «xi>re«sion, after the monnior of 
some of our older diviiws. He wns trant* 






L 




Wordsworth 



II 



W^ordsworlh 



psmitlj nnccri! in cbaractcr, kccI uaheri- ' 
uting in Ikilh 4Bd doctruiv. A cenaia ten- 
iencj lo taxeam anul Mverii; ma kept 
nddw hj rigotouft selMi»oip)iik«i. To bu^ 
be wemM a living evbodimMt of tbetpint | 
«r ilw mtIt bUian of th« churek, and on 
tk«a wbo KIMW him woU, or follQirnl kit 
tfpMng for any cim« in the pulpil, 1m «t nil 
p*ticid« of liiii life cxcrcinii a n-markaUe 
mflaencB— not luaat on bin Ilarruw pupiU 
—winning tbeir lasling Iotu anil T«aera- 
liacu 

His Biomiuacnlfll worV vm a ooumuntaij 
on UM>whol« Itiblo. lU tttfta iatentinn- 
illj witb tbfl NVw Tc^tanx-nl, in tlie lij(ht 
of whi^ bn alwavs tnuslit that lbs Uld 
•liould bn nud. Ho pubijabcd a nvited 
Qnek t«xt aud commciiiatr in torn pajtH, 
I8ne-«i>. Th^ Uld TimameatblloirAdwitb , 
eiir>'}nlinBi7 nipi<litf in twelr* parts, 1861- 
ISTU. Uiscnat merit MacomoMntauiru in 
tbowing tbe inUmdvpendaicc of tlie Tuiaut 
MrtMMU of Kripttini and in tapiplfing homt- 
leii« tDalcrial. The iotruJucliou are ape- 
eiaUjr raluabk-. llin ' Church Hislov; up to 
a.D. 451/ in four vulumni, ms Ibe work of 

hit otll Sg« ^18Hl-it). It IB fpfCJDilT iBU< 

nttutix rrom bia srinrathj wiih, and Snl- 
liand kmirUNlfO of, t£e fatbm. 

BoHdcK tbo wnrfc* already menttoood, 
Wofdawovtli'a publicatioiui incladed, apart 
froai aunwiviM linjtle Minnan*, tnu:t«, pam- 
pbteta, addreww, and cbarpw: 1. 'AtMiu 
and Attica,' 1636. 2. • Pompeian Inecrip- 



nvnrkof ancbadioUnhipuid full of acnt* 
coiuect«infl. 10. 'Uiaoownw oni^ibUc VAo' 
cntion,' lUt. IL *IIulaeaa Lectures 'am 
aerieal on the Ouwii at Scripture,' ii*46. 
13. 'IIuImwi L«CtufM rMonna fair*] on 
Ibe ApocUtpM^' IU9. 13. 'Oeeaaioaal 
Soracoa* {am xria*), ISSO: clucHj on tlw 
(■oritaai contmTcny. H. ' OccsMonnl Soiv 
motti' (aeoond aMiMi), 1K>1. Ifi. *U«oKun 
at William Wordswoitli' (IMt), liis undb 
tbe poet, wiili wbom be bad been on tenaa 
of tbe greateu intimaer, aiMl vboa* litMatjr 
exnculoiT lie btctuno. 16-17. 'OecMJonalSCT^ 
BMiu* (1652), tbe third and fouitb tmee. 
IS. <tJenMiB« on tbe Iritb Cb»cb/16&2. 
19l ' S. llippcdjrtn* and Uie CbvnU of Rome * 
(ISoS), iriucbtbmraMcblJKbtBpoaathcft 
liiile known period of ckureb hiDtor;. 
'M. ' Bojlo LectWM ob lEnlicraoe KoMom- 
ti0B'<l«ftl), famine the firthwriMof bia 
■OKaeional Sermon*/ SI-S.-OoeMunatSer- 
moa*,' MSth nrice 1827, and teventb series 
ISM. S3. ■ LcMurM on Inepintivn,' ItiOl. 
24. 'TliL- Uolj Vi-nr." lBC2: hi* only pnblica- 
ttua ill Kot^Iuli vi^mo, intended for congre- 
galional uecT, anil loillualrBto in detail all 
tlie le«cbii>g of ihi> Book of Camaioa Prayer. 
Many hymm from ibie book are now in 
<«mQii>n luc- 'I1u7 are largely acriptuTal 
and patriatic in ■uMnnce, and aru oflrn a 
H«t of eMeace of bis ooiatBeataneB. Tln-'y 
an intcucty duvotiooal !n ttme, bat the 
element of indtTidual cmoiioa U naeraUjr 
»appc«ntd. 1I&. ' Seraiouit on tne Hao- 



tiena,' tlM first publishrd ooUfCtion of 'graf- • cabeM,' 1671 : pnacbed at Cambridge. 
fiti,'lE!37,r«MbU8bMlin>'o.»4. 3.'Gn>occ, ] 36. ' ElbJea et .Spirilualia,' lit'S: a coll«e- 



Fictorial and DcMriptive,' 1S3B: 6thodition 
IH58, wtlh 600 engraviimn and a notice of ! 
Gwekart hy(Sir) (JoorirnSclwrf; ncwedi- 
lioe ediiod by tbe l{<^v. 11. k\ tm-r. 1862; ] 
a Prmcb irnnaiiiiioo, 1810. 4. • Fr*«es ' 
Sabetm,* 1841'. •>. 'A Maiiiialfor lboe»about | 
lobcContimuJ,' 1842; like Xo,4, for ihp iiae 
of Hb.-ti)«- ecb'xil. 6. 'King l-^dward Vl'a 
Latin tiTamiBMr' (l^Ul), lanjt a Maadard 
•cboolbook, but tiuper»4«l in It^l bv tbe 

SibUcatioD of tbe ' I'uhlio 8cboola Latin 
mamar.' 7. 'Th« Cotreapa«uleiK« of Itt- 
cbard BentJr^y,' I^il', irhicb had been coot- 
TifTfH by i>r. }lunk and carried on by ihn 
bbbop'* toother, Job d Wordsnortli, who died 
in l^wbile engaged in th«wotli. a'Theo> 
philiii A nifln-ntiiiVI^JiVTCiui intended in ibe 
ii iiply 10 imlnict lii» Harrow 

|ii, . :i principln, bul, ■p|H.>Briiig 

a; a lirae whnii tliose Drinciptef, baring been 
nrived by fJin Ojtford ni'jvuoii-Dt, m«re ro- 
Mfing a fliock t>y (h<> i!ir>Hi>'N,?d eeceiKione 
lo lioKc, it jtipt met A il'i-fily felt want. 
0. ' Thaoeriiiie,' l>> f^ii. HHi, whieb 
KM aayanedMl hj the rullrr oditioa of 1 877, 



tiOB of about fiv,> htindnrd pilhT maiim, 
intended for tbe eladnntK at the Sclioln 
Canccltarii. 2T. ' Twclvu Diooeaan Ad- 
dnsMK,' 1^3. US. A revimd Engliab veiw 
■ion uf 'BiebuvSandHriHMi'eLeoiurnanCon- 
mrieam anil Uiuoan Law,' 1877. 20. ' Aii»- 
ceUaniee, Literary and Iteligioue,' 1ST9, 
3 Tola. 8vo, containing no I'xtraotdinary 
variety of meilnr, unia of wlilrb wae priated 
forthe fini lime. 30l 'Coojcctoral Eman> 
dation* of I'a.vufir* in .\ncicul Autborri, and 
otbrr Paper*." It<^i («* No. 3). 31. A traet 
on 'John Wicli/,' inm, « prvpot of tbe 
Wyclille tercuBteoarr. !t3. ' flow to T«ad 
tbe Uld T<«Ua)OBt,' 1835 : written for bis 
gtandchildnn, 

[Lire of Chriitaf'ber Vrorde<ronb. Bidiop of 
Liatuis, by J. H. (>»n«n anil RliBJ«thWord^ 
worth (IMS); KUhop WordiwrTth'a WeAm 
pMiini; pereonal knoalidge and privBte ia- 
farmatloa.] J. II. O. 

WORDSWORTH, DOBOTnY (1801- 
ISI7>, autbor. [:k'e under yvilXlSlX, Ev- 
WlXIi.j 



\\'ords\vorth 



Wordsworth 



WORDSWORTH, WILLIAM tirrO- 

1^501, ]HH't. Siui of J^'Un \\'oTJ.*\vir:h. was 
Ixiniut C.vki'rnii)ut!i,CiimbfT'l.T!:il, .nT Ajt;! 
irro. Tli^ I'-'i't's priniliathtT. llioharJ 
WoriUivMlli (.I'lSilr-lTi!-.'*. il-.'*.vn.iir.! i"i' 
a foniity whith liail hivii *et:Ii'A f-.'r ninny 
pjut' rot ions ai I'l'uiii.uii'. niar Sbefliild, 
B(>ui:lit nil oslalo at S'v'klii-idj:-'. r.oir IVn- 
rith" IlL*t'Uf.-t j.iii.nl^i Itii''.:arJ»'f. 17!''4', 
bwauic (V'lUvt.T I'ri'ustv'ui,* !ir WliLii'liaven. 
llij JauilUiiT .\iin>' 111:17711',! T!-,n:a* Jlvers. 
■vicar of Lai.'iiby, ('ii;i;lvrlar.,l ^.\('p-.!l.i;i t.i 
M'-'iii-irf. It^oli. Ill* Jtvn-i *ou. J.^hii 
l^l741-irs;l\ i!io [wV fa:l!--r. wa* an a:- 
tonii'V at l\'i:IiiT;ii.'ir.!;.a!:,l ia ir'.k' Uva-j:-.- 
Bfti'Ut !■! .r-ir .laaii-s L'lvthir (af::r»",Lr>i* 
liWi Earl of [.o:-.*daI-,- > i\.\: V:\ o Feb. 
ITUi Ji'lm Word^nvr:!; m.iTrio: Xv.f • '■■ 
JaQiiarv 1747*. i!:ia^'.i:iT ■■{ \\'\'.'.:i:a C>il;- 
Si>n. mvrciT.of lVv.ri:'.i.bv l>,":\i'hv i^Crai'k.ir.- 
thonvV Thtfv hal :;i;' vhtl.lrv;;: liv:;:i7a 
ll7ili;-l>l'ii.w;i;-.air..P.r,-t!.v^I77l-l-.V.\ 
John il77J-I-0.-,,. au.l 0:;rLs:,",>:i-7 ^774- 
l^(ii il.v.'. r.l'iT-.var,'.* :;;.i*;;T of Trir.;-v 
ColUv'i'. Oaiiibri.lj-. rV.o -.r. .vhor ^lifti ■ .s" a 
dtvllEif' iuMj?!.-!! i77v r>ri- :' nrVTv:;.--..* :;: 
lUe -rnlado' ^v, ■:r.C: i.-.' a:;.; :!;■.• a-.:\-- 
l>i.-^i;.hi.-a! f:ai:-::v:;: *;; -w :l;aT W^r.-s- 
Wiiriii n'ni::iiS.vrt.l htr «l;ii tT:;,',!—,:^' .i* a 
St'rvno Bti.i J-.-wt-.v, ■.:;.■■!■.: 7. \V:'.'.;i:c. i-.'. .•:;-.■ 



.■.\;-.rv , 



a:\J 



-■- ;> ■ 



of iu'r i''.-.;:,;7> u..- i".>. .'. ;.- 7 
I'f bU ■ sr;S'. ::;,-.v!y, ..;;,: vl 

fo: cv-i o7 f-7 ; v.;. r,' ;--;v-' V.ii sM-.a.'."y 

>-.^ .-^".'»-. i-r'-.'V T w^:i^ :b7 .^''^ i fA'"."'.V ' ' *- 

]r- 



0:: ar:---;-- 



t '21 111 'J 






V V w w 



.* ..: i 



;•!■ n':u..raa 



o." 



1\ ::7l::: 



M'. 



i"^---* ---- ■■■■'■ 
M.:--:: Jl/,": ;-^.i :; 



17t\ 



IL* ■-;::.. 7 
r Vy 1; :*7: 
■.■.■.*-.7. sv.a 



W ':!;■>■ ■:-'-' 



; 1- .;,.■ T, - 1 ■... , 

7..-y;-^-7-!;^;,-:'^:"lU-AV*l 

A7 :.;.*:. ;■ K:w :iS..;:-yf 

■■v_- ?."-.!:■ a:-..: i..-.T.'.v, 



.7- jW -:- ■ 






\\ 



•Tri-jtila? sonnet, signed ' Asiologus,' in the 
' Europi-aa Mafuzinc * for Marcli 1 787, ap- 
p.'srvd MiK lie left school. The great 
mrr: cf the .^i-bool in bU opinion was the 
litwrry all'jwei! to the srholars. Disciples 
•>i l\3jii'f3\it ih^n popular theorien would 
have apprjtvil a fy^tcoi which had doubtleu 
(Xowii uji withiiui rofi-renctf lo the theoriex 
<<{ r.iass-3'.i or of anv one else. \Vord»- 
w.-rtb oo::^7i;Mla:evl liim^elf upon the ab- 
f^ao- of any atTtrnpt to cram or prodaee 
n;i>ir; p-.;p:l". He rr'ad what he pleated, in- 
(■'.■^dir.c'all Fivliinj's works,' * Don Quixote,' 
■t;;i IVa.<.' -GiilUvfrs TraTeli,' and 'The 
Tal-.'cf a TuK' HeaUo read an abridfnnent 
of :I:e ■ .\ralii:i Nights." He tried with hi* 
?,'■;: -v'.rV'i'.owi ro fave enough money to buv 
;hj Kl:."le b^rk, bat their resolution failed. 
11- a=:\i$ed hiin^-lf rambling- over the feUs, 
r.>!;iur. b.>atir.7. birJjatfiting on the cngi, 
r[i;r;:? F^TTifss Abbey, and skatinsf upon 
tbe lake : ^kaiin^ wa^ the only athleticexet' 
i.v>:. I'X^-ep: waljiir.,:. which he kept up in 
'.a:;'? lif;'. il-.' ;,','k V.i share in the aimplc 
j.iViry ■, f the f'.aiv. and probably appe«Ted 
: .1 Lis ;\V. -wi : > be a Kne sturdy lad. with 
r.i r.,-::srr.*e ab-.-u: him. He already de- 
iijh:;-.',. h,"v-:\vr.:aloorly strolls, in which 
a I'bara.Vi'rirtii: ic.xJ be^n tii show itself. 
riiv .•■.•.:wj7.! w.-7!d, he says, seemed to him 
:.-> Vv a .lrv.i,ra; di^tan: mountains assumed 
7jI '.::'.', and alfn'ted him with a 
?-.;v7*:iti.'-;j awe {^Prtltide, i. 377, 
,V.'-. ii. ;-": . ri-;'l,"Tt ofborish sports pa- 
,;.:j".'.y i-ci'-'iH'J ;";.■> an almost mystical 
'.-•i-,' of ::i:-7r. WiTi'.sworth may in later 
»ia7* L.-.vv --.\?. a 1:::!- too much into theift 
rar'.y -■,■.;.';. bi: :t-,' jrecerol truth of his 
r^- '.'.'.-.v:; ■■,-;* '.iT:::! I*; akable. He thoroughly 
;iu;- r-. .1 1: :'-- *i=:e :i::-.e the local sentiment 
v-:' ;'■.■' '.•.■•'.:■ :.:•■■.■.•: sv;c:y of independent 
■ •■.i::(:v.-:T.' i:;; tva^isis. tliou^h he itill 
>. jar".- .; :'.■. -;'.ep".^7i ra:he7 a* the fceniu^ 
.-:' :'-.v #,-v::-.>7y :.-,i:; 1p » human bt'ing(iA. 
»., :;■■■■. ,\ ■ "■ :v,-: was hardly more ■ 
-,-7,-.,.-: :' ■-:.■ V ■-:-7 o,'^-:7y ihui Wordi- 
W.-7:"-. .'f '...'>.^ l.f::'\i ; I ut while Scott 
iv.'.i ::''. •.:- : > iii'.r.i w;;i picturesque 
7 :..'. .v.*.- -.7/. \V,-=.w:7tn was inJoli 
L". V..;,; 7-v-,7i:r. 37,1 was already 
;' -^r , ;' - •.:'. .f-:. He w;i*, however, far 
■': -.-.: -:.:.f < ..' . ^- '. "vsj . :;ea deeply morrd 
':■■ ^-■.- •.'.■.'.:•.:'.■. i'-vi-irn:* which aftet- 
■.>..7'- -■ -. ; ; .,• ..-.-V :-7L:sp-*ms. Mean- 
. ' ■ ■ 7 Ul l.r-i .Ti ;!0 Dec. 176S. 
■-■7.;^ .'.i'::ijp-3 I>>rd Lou- 
-.,'.■: ^V ! ■.'..:::. ::\ wii^adr for p»y- 

::. •.:■ :' ■ ..-'. f.:\.:'.y d-r.e-i his credilotf. 
I':.-.', y. ■-.--. :■.■.:.> ■.v:i::i,-e ;.■■ a cominis- 
- -. .7. -■.■.■ v, sTiT-.J tbs7 irhen an 

-,■...:: "«-„? ■;: ...:L; i; Carlisle, the earl'ti- 



^*r• 




Wordsworth 



>3 



Wordsworth 






very MiuiMel on the circuit, and cniD« 
tiib & cloud i>f firfBcow witneawH.' 
Tbu cue w«s ordered (o siand orcr, itnd no- 
iliing wu done until L«ii»dal«'Bd««th(24M<iy 
IScri). MontarugitrMeRoi»Mutfiguraf,and 
liijisi«t«mcnt oiGki* BurboabfoestgyBrkted 
(Ite|iort of conuniiaioii in IStO. not liU6, 
T«I.Lp. lfiO,qttot(d in Kxittut, 11.38). Tbo 
iiDdM, Ri«t»rd WonbwoTib and Chiisto* 
fhcr Cracluatlkoimi (jireriotulr Cooksod), 
■rm go&rdUiis of the children. Dorotliy 
lived partly wiih bar ^ndMreota at 
PcDriiK, and for * time with a Mis* Thnl- 
hrld nl flalifiu. The giiardiiuui ouuiogRd to 
'K-rape logHiKr' fund* eiMiwh to acnd 
Wiiliain and hk ywmger broAcr, Chnilo- 
ph*r, to college ; while Kickanl became aii 
•ttomejr in LondoD, and John iraa eenl to 
•M about I7R7 (KsroiiT, i. 4ft). * 

William wnnt up to 81. Johi)']| Co]Icigt>, 
bridjre, in Uclobcr \78T. Hi* room* 
■ ill tlie fint court aborc tho eoUcfro 

llcliprns 1 and frooi them he could lee the 
aBi(rt'luip«l ofTrinilj. At Cambridge be «n- 
mtd oven caore ihoioiighly tliau atHawks- 
bMd wli4t»Tnr advantagM mii^t be derived 
fnaa the nc^bnt of hU totcbaK. tla had 
Bci)Qir(d uaoush knowlodgo of Euclid and 
arithmetio to be aliead of hw contcmpoiaTiM. 
He took advanla^ of thid hy em^torinK him- 
Mif in th« study of Italian with ImU ^a 
TCfngeewholiBdkaownQray.aodwugnuiid- 
fatberof ibe girl adopted by the IiUBba, after- 
ward* Hn. Moiod). lie neglected the re- 
inUr acadii&iical cnur^e, panly, it aeenu, 
b»e«Q»e bo tbouxbi it nsrroir, and diiliked 
ibe exoooivo mmpelition (PrrititU, iii. 497, 
Ac), and partly by way of vpitins bin 
murOiaaii by ■ hard? diMbedi«nce ' Ub. n.St^ 
Tha ' nonhem villa^r ' appeared uncouth 
(nottgh to tli« ' cbaiteiins popuijsya' whom 
mm catlnd fi'llaw-coauaone**, and looked 

1ili liitio nwniaevi upon the dona of tbo 
pna, quaint 'old butnorictn,' who left the 
youtlia to thenUelTef, and in wbnae banda ibo 
chapel nerviow aeeiaed lo him a ■ mockdy.' 
He Bianaj^ to indulf^e in his poetic 
nreriesflven in tha 'level fields' of Oam- 
faridgcabire. )!'< w«* ■ociabl«> enough with 
ht) eontnmtxvmrtc*, talked and loaaged, gaU 
loptd in 'blind seal of aennFUM lioraetnan- 
ship,' and 'twled bmit^iruudy ' on the Cam. 
He RiBenbe»>d the hauni< uf Cfaaueer and 
SpeoMT, and * poun^d out libaiitnin' in Mil- 
Ion's old rooms till, for the onlv time in his 
tiflr, his brain ' ^-w diuy.' lie was able 
BT*B then to run hark to nhapnl. Intbelons 
TacalioQ of 17^ bv ren*it<vl llnnliahrM, 
nrtiTBdhii old fnendiliipt,and, uftcr anijfbt 

ritiudancintr.wiMdeeplymuvwlbyaaplen- 
gcuiiuc. lie fell tbat lie was liaiieefortb 



m m 
7««t 



'ad<:diCBlodaiiirit'(»&.iv.337). llislositwo 
j«tn at Canbridge w«tg apont in dsaultoiy 
reading, while be iHgan to loau bi* awe of 
' printed boi^B aad autlioiship ' and to oa- 
apitv 10 tha fellow«bip of leliers. In 17t!9 bo 
mada an cxcuraion tiimiig'h 1>ovedale to Pen* 
rtth, and ramblod with lu* sister and liei 
friend, Maty Hutcbinonn, who had been his 
adioolGdlow at i'enritb. In 1700 ka ro- 
solred to make a foreign tour with hi* friaod 
Ri^rt Jonas of Plaa-rn-lliui, DcobifibahiN, 
afterward) felhnr of St. John'o. Tlicy took 
SO/. nptoM, earned all they rf^uired in 
pockct-btadkercJuefii.RDd made tbeir lonron 
fuol. Thev left Uovtff on 13 Jtily 1700, 
found tbo fiencb people ' mad with joy ' in 

■ be eariy stages of tbu n^^-ulaiioci, and were 
wdcomed as repteaentativcs of UritijJi 
liberty. TheycronedthaRMairytoChalan- 
■UT.}^Aoa, dvaoondad the Bhone to Lyoi^ 
viH ted tlin Grande ChartrauM, went Ibenee 
to Ocoora, and, aAcr on excurskiD to Cha- 
moiiix from Miirtiirny, croaacd th« Simnlon ; 
went by Locarno to Omredonn on ihn i.flho 
of Como, tbence to Soexza in ibn \» 
Miancfo, nnd by the Bernardino to Ilinto 
lUidn; trnfoTMid the Via Uala to Keicb _ 
nau, and tbon erooaod tlie ObeMlp Paa), and 
went throngh tbo Cantoa Uri to Lucerne, 
Ziirich, and SchalFbanwn. Th«y tvtiirned 
lo Lucenie, nutcd Grindelwald aad Lauter- 
brunoen, and finally tnTclled tliroucb ]3asLe 
toCi^aciwaadOaUiii. WonUworth heartily 
eigoyedan eipeditiun whicli •ceacd to bo 

■ nnpreoedsnt'd ' to his Irieaddand tlw! college 
autboritica. lie ought to have bt«i ivading 
for hi* dogrca. lie p«<!iinl4d as II.A. with- 
o«t honoim in Jooanry 1791. IIJs grand- 
btber, Cookson, bad di«l in 1 787, wlieu his 
sitter left Penrith [olive with her uncle, Dr. 
William Cookaon, oaaoa of Windaor, wbo 
had boea a fellow of Si. John's, and also 
held the colU^in living of PonMwtt, ~Hir 
Norwich. Word*wortb went to PotSmK 
after laluBff his de^nM^, t)i«n tmant three 
mootha in Xotidan. which ha had Urst eecn 
in 1788 (PrWorfv, vit. (Id>,andinthnsuii»Ber 
vinted his fKaod Jones tu Wali-j. I1ii;i Lon- 
don Ti*it hod an efTecl upon him, dcacii^^ 
intlw'Pr«lade.' He was a diligent sisbiaeeV 
heard finrh* fpcak, and saw JIth. Siddovia 
aet: admired clowiuandconjtiTots at SadWa 
Wells and »liowii of everv variisty al> Hftr- 
Iholomew fair ; viniti-d Itodlnm and St. 
Paul's, and gnxed at the traipc and oomtc 
striits of London streets. The genefal n- 
(lilt., he taya, woa to inlradun) human aytn- 
patbiea into bia thoughts of nsTure? and 
make bim recoffnite ' the unity of nUD,* 
though he looked nt the'nioTing psK^jint' 
(IVrnxfe, rii. 037) ua at a drwm, and with a 



^ 



Wordsworth 



'4 



Wordsworth 



a 



t 



myitOTy. I!n w/w, ns Coif ridjtn notw, n iipwy 
tni.or ni m-Ziw. Jlnnnirliilr hi- itm intixicd 
ni t a hii future. Illi liatcr calfulitlnl in IK^ 
oi-mljM 17'Jl (KnoHT,£^,i.r)L>l that there 
wuuld l)u nbuut I ,OCX)^ auiec^ forlicr un'l \mt 
iSirvi.' vouriffer brolbfr*, 'rom wtiicti, in Wil- 
lium'" oil.*!', tlw cusl of Ilia «tliicatii>n would 
he tliiliifl-it. Hi? hnd irUheil to be a Uwycr 
'if hi* !>>>nltli would prrmil.' lie hnd 
tlimiglil* for a tiron of entering the army 
(Ulrmoira, \u 466). llo wnn ur}[cd to uiko 
orAcrf, but lie v.-wt nut ji-t. uf tlii? rlj(Iit ogv, 
uud probably wns uol sutBuieutlj orthodox- 
He bud Xvatnl Italiuii, Fivucb. an<] Siranifh ; 
wu writing pootry .aoowdslliinkingol'Indy- 
injt ' Ihe onenul Un^AfM>.' Thctc nccora- 

{lithmmta vera nf littht cmnmprcUl xaltir; 
111 lie thoiigiht that by leiiminjt Fron<^h 
IhoroiiBb'y h« mifilit oudlify himsi'lf to be a 
travulliiig tutor, ilulud moury i-uougb for 
a yMT abroHd. anil ucQOrdinglf left Englaod 
in Novembur 17Vl. 

He jiaswd tliroiigli Paris, lizard dnhnt'^Jl nt 
tbo H>M>nibIy rtTtd nt tlir Jacnbina' Club; he 
pockntAd a relic <if lhi> Butillc, but ndmilo 
that he ' sflbcti^) niofu omoticm thmi be iv\t-' 
IIb "Krill to Orlcanii, and ihpufe t'urly in 
ITS^i to ])Ioi«. Urn- he uiudt> aci)iisiut»iiri> 
with the officers of a ret-hnoot qiinri<-n~d in 
Ihe loarn. Mas) of ibpni wcr-' mjjiliel*, in- 
Mndine to emirralc At t\\f flrtt ojipnri unity. 
On* M them, nowoTcr, Mii^lml dn I)c»u))uy 
(I7BS-17B8), though of noble birib, wm aii 
•rdnnt rcjiublicnn (iwe Le fJfnfral Mickel 
de Beaiipiiy, by 0. B. and Emilu Lugouia, 
Paris, 1«!)1 i aud Evii.i; I.Eoons's Jn/nfttt 
de H'urtiiiTOrM, l>tft<i,i<p, SW-ISl. Word»- 
ironli wa* pr^-di^po'i^d lo mpiihlioanimn bv 
tita education in a nimplo lotiftr nnd br In* 
lifn in ' the litt-mry n-piiblic ' of (.'nmbnd|n. 
Bcitupuy'* periounl charm aud acwmtiliah- 
mentii ffavl^ bini grmX iiiflutfnCL- willi bia 
young friend, in wbaeu eye* h" resetiiblpd 
one of Plularcli'a heroes {Pr^ludf, ii. 419), 
"Wlien B««upny pointed to n ' hungcr-bllti^n ' 
pWWnl ei^li&"d foid ■ it i« aj^nintt that (hat 
WB am nghling' (•(. ix. fil7\ Wordiworth 
btoamn n thorough disciple, t'rom Beaupujr 
lia heard the stori' aft-.Twaids madu into hu 
dt)tle«t poeiu, ' Vaudmcour aud Julia' (A. a. 
518. Ill Ibe Feuwick nr>li.'8 Word«Worlh 
eaya that hi? heard (he (ct.nrv fruni a lady who 
VMUi'eyo and oar wit DMA *). TlpftiijiuyafliT. 
vrardadintinguiiihodbitiiMlfin V^^<lJH^,whcR1 
Wiird»worl.h crroncoiuly iinyn thnl hi- waa 
killnd (hn wan really killed on thu Eli on 
19 Oct. IIWV). Ill October Wordsworth 
rotumod to Pam, whiah was Mill under ibe 
inlluence of the September jummctn. He 
was dtsfiuted by the failura of Louvot's 



attach upoti Robe«{iien« (39 Oct.), and n* 
half inclined to take MBe activn put in 
aapport of iho Girondin*. Ho foil, howcrer, 
bis incnpocity on an iuMgniSeoDt forc^ner, 
and WM mon-ovec nt the end of his noiMT. 
He retimed to EngUod in December XTvi. 
Soon after liit retura be first appeared aa aa 
snihor. Joseph Jotuuon [q. v.], who poli- 
litbed for manv of the pevoluliinary pMtty, 
hroiight out the ' Kv^ninir ^^'alk' and tb 
' DtMriplire Skotchn' rerlr in 1703. In 
JintJi poems the laolre and diction confoem 
tothecoiiTcntiiHisoftheold-fniiluonodscliaol. 
to whom I^ipe was atiU the recogniaed nodd..^ 
The 'EreniDjt Walk.'cotDpoMia dtirin^ hit 
college racaiions spent at th« lakes, is re- 
mnrkubln fnritsaenesof ucnrate trntsmpta 
of natuml »eeaor^, obTJowly made on Vbm 

rt. Till- ' DcNTTipiive 8ketchcii' describe* 
joutiiFr to Siricxirrland and irsji coonpaeed 
in Krnocu, wbiTc bo helped a fading mcnocT 
ufdetuiln from the work of tbe French paintar 
Ratuond (LD()ODi»,p, 117; 8\tMTB-B8rTl^ 
CdHwrira, X. 4<fl). who in 1781 trantlaled 
Archdeacon Coxe'a letters from !^wit«erlui<). 
with additinnAl nolm. The noem rci-^aUi 
(loldimilb* ' Traveller,' end illanlrata 
Wordiwoitb'* politieastthe time of its com- 
position. He bownil* the btnh tot of the 
poor peasant in langiiwe recal I ing the b uogei^ 
bitten peasant of BtMs. Wordnworth ob- 
serves in the ' Prelude' thai he and JoMf 
had 'token up dcjeelioD (br pU-onure'ssaks' 
(PrrJttdf, vi. mI), and the peuimism may le 
a little forced. It leads up to on rafff r ei> 

firession of aympaihy fov the deCntdersjL 
iberly in FniuCf. -tSk-ridgc rtad ihe poM^ 
at Ciuubri']^ in iriKl.aod thought thai *lbi 
emergenoei nf an orii.-iDsl poetical ceniot 
nbovn the lioriton' had leldom liecD *tMn 
evidnntly pranouneed,' thouch thr- itTle w«i 
still contorted and otttcuru (liiagr. Lit. \%K, 
i. tH, 75). Few Toaden, howcrpr. 
Coleridguf, and the poun atlmcted litll 
notice. Wordsworth a polltioal prindph 
found more energetic expreeeion in a leller 
toltichard WaKon 'n. T.],hishopof Lttada^ 
who in January litVl had published U 
nttnck on the rcrolutioiu The letter shows 
that Wurdnrorth, whito proCeminj; bnartv 
duleitatioii of violence, strongly sympathised 
with the priuciple* Bdvoeated in PsioeV 
' Rights of Mail.' It was not publisbed till 
it appeared in Dr. Oroeart's edilwa of ihs 
■ Prow Work*.' 

Thn oui break of war placed Worilgwonh's 
pliilnntlirtipy in psinfnl conflict with hk 
ptttriotisni. He fsulted {Pfrltute, x. IS" 
in the humiliatiua and waa diiitmsird 
the victories of the country which he I 
His projects tn life became still man] 




Wordsworth 



»5 



Wordsworth 



cwioaa. ilii rrlalivpa bod bean diafnuled 
bjliiinfaiwltn take up n rqiuUrpTofi'au'ni, 
tad vim n«t tik«ly to be propituiM by h.\» 
ftvow«tl (inDci|iliM. Firr boidi- Umv lim bfu 
wa> dcBuItory. Ta Iho aoinrnvr of 179:1 bi> 
ttaytd in tb? Ifit «f Wight with >n old 
ScbooUnllow, Wiliiim (.iilvi>rt, nng of tbn 
MMw of It. Calrrrt, Kinirard to lh« l>Tike of 
NorfaUc. Here be natcbcd tbe (bipo at Spit- 
IimJ witb nwtoncliolv foreboiliiisi of a lung, 
disutniaK. and uiiri(;)il(<uu< vnr. lie kfhI 
on loot througb Salisbury T'tuin atxl by 
Ttslem Abbvy (o bU fiV'uO J'iqf* in WalM. 
In tfa« beginning i^f 1701 be w^nt tn the 
ItkM, snd MMMi Bftprwnr<l« joined his iiUter 
at llalifiui to talk oTi-r hii proi{i««t«. Ho 
had rmnlml not to lake order*, and had 
'nestlicr rtren^iih of roiful, pune, or oanali* 
lution ■ for * ibu h»r,* nor coaM his hear of a 
pboa aa tutor. Ilu sister accoaipaDi«d hiu 
Wk to the Ukw, wh«re tfaey aty»l at a 
CinDbelon^in^^ohtiirriimdCalrfrtnt Windy 
Brair,i>MrKniirii!k. TbrTsftmrardiiviiilcd 
th»ir unrip, liichard WoTilinrattb,a wdldtor 
at WbiichavirD. WonliiwnrthpmpOM.'dtobia 
friad MntbirwB, a laODdon joonuiisl, toitatl 
ADontlily nibci^Itaay to b« called 'Tlie Fbi- 
lanlhroMU.' W1>ile tlii* vaa under di»- 
nuMon hemu RinTingwiihRnisloy, broUiw 
of William ('dItck, at Poarilb. Ilnitlny 
Caln^ yn» failing in bradlb, nnd Kxin gftrr- 
wards dj«d of coiuampitoR. U« left 900/. 
lo Wordtworth, partly. " WonUworth told 
Sir O, BMunoDti ' from a con&diwcu un bis 
panibat I bad power andaltaiaiaents which 
raiffat bo of vm to monliind.' But for this 
Ic^ey h« migbl, ho ur>, bavn bMOi (broed 
into the dmrcb or the Uv. With tbo halp 
of it and a ffv iiiniU windfalbi he iniiiini;Hl 
to mppoirt himwlf and hia •iilPT fur the nrxt 
Mr«B or eight years. lu ITO&BaailMoiitaKU 

Sq. T.], then a widoim. villi a »oii fuur or 
iTt yean M. pmjiOMd Uiat Wordsworth 
sboold bccxna the cbild'i tutor for SO/, a year. 
Mfmtagti alM obt^nfxl for bim tbn ofli-r of n 
fiumhotwe at Raeedavn, b^wom Cmwhemtt 
in SomerMrt ami Lyme in l>or*ri. The 
owBei- wa* a Mr. Kimrv ot BriBio), one 
of MoBtagu'* frieoib. tie Wordaworthi 
•pptrmtly otCQpied it rent trtt, with an 
nrchard and garden. Dnrolby Word*wort.h 
ca]calat<!» that witb tbo l^irBcy and a tiltl>> 
eooara of wbdoi ibewns lo iakecJiargv.lhry 
wotild hare an inruine of 'at Irmtt 701. or 
8(V."ayt«r(K3noHr,i, 10^). Thej- writ led 
Bl BoMdown in tb* autumn of 17!if>, and 
Wordiwurth b>yan to labour eieadilv in bis 
V0C4iion- Hi»r«'TnlnlionnTytyBipathI«werei 
Mill Kmof;. llii had hnpn dM^y Milatdd 
by tha 'm'raof tomir.' IIod*c»rMihatfor 
montha uw yean ' after the la*t bcoi of tboM 



otroeiUei' iPrrimJe, x. 400» )l|l »lerp wbh 
g«neral)y broken by '^aiily Ti.'iuns' of 
cruelly to • innocent TictiODL' ' When ctum- 
in^ the r&nds of Mommubc Buy in Aiwtut 
ITlM be heard of llie d«ath of Itobncpipit*.- 
with ' tranrporl,' and p:ip«M«l ibat ibo 
' ffoldcn liuMi would now rc«lly cauie. llii 
old bope* mtivcd, but wpto ditappointed 
when lii^ Miw that tbo war nf «plr-di>fw 
wan becocnin;; n war of conrjueft. His I 
writiaj^ eipTMwd 1 be eoiot iona of the Mrlia 

Ceriod. lli« 'Guilt hod Soirow,' in whid 
s abandons the I'npe model to tbe j 
boiMfll of hi* (tyle, was rOfnpoonl of tv 
tnjtic utoriea: oim of a 'fnaole vagtantj 
wbo«D misniM were doc to tlio ruin cau 
by WOT and her buahaud'i r^lutaneut in i 

army, waa partly wrillea, hv mt», 'at k 

two y«ars before ; ' the other, of^ a man wlioi 
had b^en Jmnrnwd in the naw, and It^ to 
commit murder bf WKUMUe irritation at tbn 
(ocisl injuxtion, waa *auMMt«d during hit 
ramble otPT fjalitbun ruin in 1793. The 
itory, which waa nted in Bariuai'a ' iDtfoldsby 
Le^ndB,' is told in tho * New Annvd R«)p- 
•ter' for 1780 (Ocntrrmrrr, p. 27), and in 1 
'Gentleman'* M«gaiine'fortantryeBr(LKSlLl 
Th>n'I'T:DiBlnV*«T«ni'aBp«er«din(bc'Ly- 
eal Italiadi;' tba whob in the 'Poenu' 
1KJ1>. Uo wrote at Itncnkiim «n«ae talit . 
imitated from Jiiveonl. whirb b« modom 
to publish in a joint Tolume m-ith hta triea 
Arclidescou Wranfi-ham. From n fraji 
(dSTcn ia A rJittHttoH, a Dee. lirlf'l) it ap, 
■hat ha tpoko iMno iinplca«ant trulbi about 
tho I'rineeof Waltx. Ila refolvi^, liowrver, 
to'aterrcbarof ncrianiil ratirn.'and refuse 
loallow tliepublieatiou. In i7D5-flli<!!ro)i 
poceda tnsedyoaUed'Tbe Bordeh-ni.' Nc 
poem conlcF have lesa UkmiI cdIout. tliooKb 
be nad Rid^tli'a ' Bordei^Hblory ' in ordai 
to fet WHM, and he had not ihe idiffht 
dramatic power. It wm offered to Con 
Oanlnn nt the end of 1797, and tbe Wor 
worlba went to I^udon to r«que*t of ■ a 
of (be principul actors ' to eoiuider (MMihll 
alterations, ll wa». however, rrjectvd, an" 
Wordsworth apparenllrri{)ecled. 'The Bor- 
derers' wnn intend-^d. he mt-r, lo moke in- 
tr-1li^b)o the •ammrciilly ni[:<livele«i nrlitini 
of bad men.' ami wn> founded ujion his »;• 
floctionidiiring tbo 'Terror.' The wirl^i^d hero ■ 
bailcamltore([ardnll D>ai«lity a!^nier<i|yc-On-^ 
ventional,aiidR«Urid of acruptM in gentirsl. 
As M . Leffouia haa pointed ont, Wordnwanb 
wu ibinitiDg of the fvioluTionary doctrino 
as represented by Gf<dwiu, whoM ' Political) 
Juaticc' n71>3) van taken at the limoasftl 
pliildnnphicjil roTclaliim. Woriisworth A^i 
ichbea the {«TpIe\i(y into which ha 
thrown byhiictlrmptto defend his pnncipla 



W'ordsworth 



i6 



Wordsworth 



W MUpfcr^M, Wfeik fad 

ifMikM. Ibgwiiiilly 




Mi«r 



bBMB«*J 

M libNMk U* litiiinV h» 

Mrirad, uH ih« nvobtMM RMT afftusd to 
lltM to UBplj k JiMolMiHI af ih« M W I M ew J 
hM<fa of Mck) m*. nk »o«W7 hM hmm 
ollad 'iiMkllj dMMomtM' (*• im npljr 
Ut lUi in ICxiaiif'a />/', i. 70). TW •»- 
f«IW 'dtiBOcnlie'cUraimt itm tlv nint 
of itw tiaopU aodvtjr in wbieh be bad Mca 
bnd, ud of which be bid taaoA typee ■■ 
lb« Muu pMMnlfy. Hi* idaaJ ■UI«, Ulu 
CaUMU'e, WM thu in wlitdi tlw old jnao- 
nunry flouiiiked. Tb old ordvr wm Miog 
broliMi vp br Ibe wonliip of Uw 'idol 
proudl/ naiBM Uw Wealth of Motion,' end 
lb* nrolulionku wtn nntlv hi* wimiiee, 
Theomi|wtMMofSwiticrlui'lbftIieFr«neb 
(u ITW^ wtwfl tha breel unWtta which 
bad HMMUItjdiumad him wen forciUy<OD- 
>|uirnHl, Mieiua to hkvo dnallf dbencluiitod 
Ilia. Tlie Dfooeai, bowavar, wm fradokl, 
ami ia Mnr iTOflColeridttecalU him t'tcrj 
'Iciir friKtiil,' nnil ilntoiU-'i bin U ' a repu)>- 
liOLii, and ul lonX a U'nii-fllbeitt ' (Culc- 
UHKIB, /.*«««. iPtt'i. i. l'U>. 

Thuai-i|iiniiitaiici-nit!i Culeridg^ marks an 
I'lriiuli ill tiriUi lirr*. T)io cxncl. datM ftK 
uncertain. They priullilr met nt Ilrintol in 
KOn, and Dinar, nn ('olrtiilK'''* letter ■hown, 
linvD kniwn nneli olhrr iti 1796; but llu' 
oluw ililiinaiTV Ix'K'tii ■■* ITtl' (too letters <ff 
CbimJar, I- 103 n. : J. Dvxra Ciupbrli., 
/,(/> o/OiUndge, 180a,p. «r;-KieiOHT, Zi/V 
<(/H'anJMn>rfA, 1.111), Ooleridgvwnalivinx 
nl NotbiT Hluwoj in 1 TflT,niiil iu Jiinn viKili>d 
ilia Wonla wort lis nl. lEiireJnirn. In July 
ill** Ti*ilni hini nl Stowry, nml while tbeiv 
lOM a biHiM nl Alfoxtlen, tlu«e tnilef Irom 
Netiier Si«wvr, for 'JSi. « nar (a^raemonl 
nnulud in /'. JWb Mtf *u AVwMb, i. !»>. 
Their ' prinuiiuil indaauBMit ' wuOolmdge'* 
pocUtjr. tlach of the two mm aminewMd 
(Im fnniua of ibo other in ihn fill), Cc^ 
ridni toM CutiU ((\iTTi.i;, Jtemim*-mcn, n. 
llii ff. DTaesCilll-BSU, t\iUridyf,f. It. t 
that ho foil liinunlf o ' tittle man' iH-iiJo 
WunUwvrth, ptvnMuooJ 'Tha Rorilnnpre'lo 
he ahMluivlv wonderful, and compared it lo 
fl[ihiU«-k 'Itobbera' umI to ShahMpeai*. 
thotttjb Ul Woriivnirih, be a>U«d, * there en 
Ml lnn)Uklitini.' Wombirvuth abond lo 
CMindc* hu * Huined L\ii laps' ■ voem which 
ttlWrwajd* G»ni»d pan of ihi» '^&c«u*ion.' 
wd Cbhridiw t«|Mltd |*n of hi* 'Oiorio' 
i» WMdnrtwth, tad wa* fumuand hr bii 
IHeN<ri vfuiKm. Oakrite ako dcetnbcd 
NV<N%bw«(ih'^ '«i|«atl*u»ttt'iM |lewia( 




tMM aad dsae 
Sir fur (pan^ 

rer*^ra.I«r) a^j i.» « i» a lh. jnd^ 
Mtf a^ Avws ife dM itfiMnartha U% 



*WcMnthfw«Mfi^'Md CblmlpL 'biU 
oal/ <M annL' iui 6aWd^ «m nftcMiy 
■•med,th«7«o«UBMh«lona; bnt they 
wm the wwmot ef friw i h , ud fer the 
tiae Dorothy'a in fla «M* npea Coletidgs wm 
alnort aa ■tmac aa her inlliwnfa npM 
ker bnMhir. Ciailei Lamb Tinted Cok- 
lid^ dsriaf tha fat tuy of the Ward*' 
wnthtinStewvy. Aortly afterward* John 
Tbelwan[q.T.]caMaCi>raTi(H. Tbaneigh- 
hottrfcood waa abnoad W a coajaaotiou of 
three repoblicaae, ihoaj^ Poole aaawened 
(br tb«r reapectability. A apf i* aaid to 
bt«« WBlcbn] ibem, Bad from a lett«T is 
Sotubey'a ' Lifir and Com^ondence ' ("' StS) 
there was dearly imna Inth id the accoma^ 
wluch Coleridge enhrmdera (see I^okmd 
Mil Frimit, i. S40i Cottlb, BemiiaMmtet, 
p. 181; /fKyr /.ir. LIB6-S0O). Itiihebe- 

f inning of 1798 the partjrwa* vkitcd bj 
lailitt, who nTo Ub reminitcencaa in the 
■Libent]'(18iES). Wordaworth apptarad « 
a gauDt quaintlr-dr«a(ed lieiaKf 'not unlike 
hia own Peter Bell,' pnniBfliii mim which be 
ncitod. Thou^ looking al'^ru and won, 
with furrowed cheeks, ha lalki-d ' vmj ob* 
turallj and ftuoly,' and onjoyed a ' Cheahin 
cheeeeL* 

The moat remarkjibk incid«nl of this time 
was the walk of 13 Nor. 1797, when the Ivo 
iK)ot« propoMd to compose a joint ballad la 
DO told lor 61. to MT for their tour. IW 
' Ancient, Mnrinnr,' ifua begun, was left ta 
Coleridge (tm WoiuMwon'ii'a nolo Ut ttV 
orw Sfi-ai. end OuuuilDui:, Hioyr. Lit. vol. ii. 
chap, i.) Tlu> li<d to taik of a iotat publica- 
tion lo wbiob Coleridge nbould coutribate 
poenu showing th« ilra^tk truth of «iipfr- 
natural incMleota, wkUa Wotdtworth ahottld 
tTT to giro tha Cham of noralty to 'tUaga 
of avon day.' He result waa the p«Uk» 
linn oi the 'Lyrical IkUads,' for wUicb 
Collie agTPcd in Uay 1796 to giro Ihtrty 
Buinea*. The book appeared in S^tonatKr, 
\Vordaworth contribNUag the Urgaat part 
of the coateoia. It wbb rericwed on- 
CkTourahly br Soather, tbowb ha knew, 
as Wordsworth toU OMlk, that tk 
bad bean paUkhad 'far 
■aoaey almaa,' aadnichtthcrtdbre hanfcal 
hk^miaastoUaauf(Kn«KT, ii. n. The 
nk waa at fim ao slow that OMtle. wha 
bad hU Ua copyri^As ta Leagaaa, fatal 
that iu nine waa wchuaed as sothuv- 
H« tbtct a pwi Bsfcad Loagaaa tn giva a 



tha book 
■ftoaey and fa- 



J 



Wordsworth 



17 



Wordsworth 



Itin back, and proMDlnt il ro Wiwdswortb, 
wbo broui^lii out a. Msaml wlitioD in 1600. 
To thit aa added a {irvfann upon ' pontic 
dietjon,' «if[iitn{[ tluit ilic lAii)^tiffc of pmtn- 
■boutil hr KUmical witli tlut of ' n!itI4ifi!'.' 
Thii Wamp tiif iiMt of Coleridge'sadiuiniklL' 
critJci«in of \^'unliwurlh is tli« ' Bi<ignplii» 
LiwmiA.* Worilswonli Id liisjiKfaea apolo- 
gised for piibliiihln^ Ehv ' Aueieot Klanncr,' 
«rliicli hxA oif<-nd<id tha critics aiu), u hn 
tbonffit, injutvd Lbc talc of the vnluniR (see 
J. I). Campbell in CurJCXlDuis'ii J'oetical 
Work*, ISSa, p. 5iM, and ComE. £arlfi 
IlttxtUerfioTu. iL ^7^, wliile Culeridm allri- 
bat«<il tbe UDpuptitaritv lo Wofiun'urtb'd 
iinr>irtunal« iliaoiy. Wordiwortb, iiidetMl, 
wm* Tprr fur frMn atlbeniy to it in prnciic^, 
•• appanml, for nxamplv, in tba maf[niHci''iit 
* Line* on Tinicrn Abhnr ' in tbis vnlumu 
(oonim«m<itnliiie a nrablo with liia listrr 
Bad Colllf? in Juni- 17WJ). Olbor ptt'tw*, ■ 
bwercr, oouuincd none of tL« puuniu and 
ptouie yMwgao which escilwl th* riJiciil'i 
of entice aad w«ti> parodied in ' RnJMt^d 

AddMMiv.' Tlic trluiMic; lo lapM> into 
proAc was a pprnuncnt w«tikncs«, bnt at 
tbtv time iras intriMilicd bjr WotdtworlhV 
BlAlQ of niiniL JIa bad tucaped from liU 
rt'VolulioiwiT paMiou by rcK>>iuin(; bis rally 
o;nBI>tk; for the quiH lirt> round ' tb« 
Tilbijp- i>1t<qi)o,' and bad found' \ii\t in but* 
where poor mon lia.' Iln rcjeictf'd llm , 
'artincial' tangtiap of Popn and Clmy, 
which bad been 'naloral* to men of the 
world «ttd acliolara ; and iried to adopt ibc- 
tangug* of the [vn^sant of riial lifu, Tbe 
^OBaiiW' palhot gradually tiBpT«u(d a grow- | 
mg cir«]i> of rMd«ni ; but for tbo nftnoot , 
hi* lapM* into a dumitj' ruaticity g*To on 
ca«T trianpb lo the judtdoiw critic , 

In Janiwiy I'&d Colorit^, baring bnrn 
ptouioDod by the Wedgwoodi. pUtinod a 
rait to OeriuaaT, and ibr \Vindiin-urtbs 
rMOlvedtOJDtabiiii. Tboyiuli^ad^tKNimir, ' 
i. 147) ta(|Haid two yMr« iu Ivuruiiii! G'tiuuu 
and ' natural wieoco.' TIi«t I«0 Alfoxd^n 
(KiSBJiuis, and. aR«r attar at ttrlslol f«»ing 
tbo 'Lyrical Ballad*' tbroutib tbo nrcni, 
•oiM Dou YamMiilli on 16 Sept. ARor n ; 
week al Hamburg, where tbn' auw Kiop- 
■loeli, iho Wordswortbs ««4tleil al QuBlar. , 
whilf- Coloriiba went to RaUebuT); and ^ 
(h>tiingak Goalar waa diowB for its quiel.. ' 
and lumcdoat to bo a 'HfUfiM' p1»co. The 
Wurdnworth* aaw no mcioty, bix-Auw, aa lin 
bad a Indf with bim, bo would haro baon 
boaad to onlertaio in ivtura, and bccoutc! 
bo hated tobacm, and, according to Cole- . 
ridgn, was unsociable and bypOcboudriiKid , 
(O01.UL11M1:, LfUtrt, i. -273). Tli« wintvr , 
waa *o colli that tb« people at his h«uw told 

TOU LUU. 



bim 'talher unfmilinKly' tlut ha would bo~ 
fmHtn to AtaXXi (uoio lo ' Ltnca wrilton in 
(inrnuny '), and, instead of associatiDg with 
(Icrmons, bn conipoMd poetry chiefly about 
bimieir. llo wrota tba beginning of tbc 
'IVlade'on 10 Feb 1790 on hlswayloa 
visit to Coleridge. He also wint« tha poamt 
to Lucy. She has been taken for a tmI 
p«T«on, and was padu the hurarni' of a 
silly story by the Baroucss f on Stockbaiiscu. 
Nothing, bonvvcr, in known lo suKg^'- tliat 
them wiu any mrh pRnon. Tito Tcrws, 
' SUe wiu a phaittom oC delight,' which M>» 
Martiut-nu (tiought npplicikblo to '\MVy' 
<Mii» Martineaus 'Sirs. Wordsworth' in 
Bi<rarafAkatSlitUtiti), w«n nwUj addrtsiod 
to his wir«'(KM0HT, i. ISO). Colettdn 
{Ltittrn,^iM) »\iTm\M^ tliat fata of the 
poem* — 'A sluEnlMr did my spirit seal' — 
referred lo Dorotby. Tho raaidcsco in Ger- 
many had no tnuMaUn eflect upca ^^'ordJl- 
wurlb's mind. Tbo CO*l of livin^j was moro 
Thau bu hud expected, and niriy m 179U be 
ivtumed witli his sister to EugUnd, after 
■Mnding a dar with Colstidge al Giiltinmn 
t(;oij:KiiHii::, Letter*, pp. 3^, JD6). Thev 
nwclied England about tbo md of .\pril. 
Tbeir plans for the futUK were umoltlcd, 
and ibey went at once to stav with their 
friends the Hulcbinsona at Sochbum-on- 
Te««. Coko^dge soon followed titem, and 
at th» faA of Uctobcr WordKwortli, with bis 
broUicr John and Coleridgr, mnde an excur- 
■ion to the InloM. Thcrv he waa inibmMod 
by till! benutyof a rntant house called Dove 
Col lace, a I Town End. Oraiiiiere. lie re- 
solved to lak- ir al once, and soun nAerward* 
trsTelled on for,i with bis sisier from Sock- 
bum, fniicbing Dove Coltnge on 21 Dec 179*. 
Tbo cotloHD was imall, lu U'fltted their 
imans. hut tbo country was co congenial 
that iliev remained in it for tlic rctt of thaar 
live*. Wordsworth settled down to tha 
cuiii[iosiiiuii of pixitrr, working at th* long 

t>hilu*'>pbicnl work which wu to sum up 
lis whoU tlieory of life, sod writing numy 
occasional pooms, s-nnn of which are among 
his best. Dorothy's JournnU show that be 
laboured iitcadily at his task, and was oftnn 
tired and upset b^ tbo exciiemoni or by the 
trouble of revituag. Shu was conitontly 
nolinj,- effecis of scenery with ber usual 
delicacy, and rocoi^iug litlW incidenU which 
fuppli^d lexts for her brother. («>leii(lge 
was still tboir clososl intiaaio. lie cetllM 
at Kcawich in July 1800, after a short stay 
at iJovo Cotlogf, jind in the following pp.riod 
waa coimtanlly comiuj; over to Utnnmcre. 
The \^'ordswurtbs knew a few ni^ighboiuw — 
W. Cnlvert (who was building d bouse St 
Windy Brow), Thomas Clatksoa (who was 



W'ordsworth 



|8 



Wordsworth 




living *t Eunnciitnv, on t.'llamter), Bod 
oCli«f»— but lived in tlie quiutMl fuJiioo. 
Among Words wKrtU'a finil mujiloymtnta 
WW ibe publtoalkHl ot t1i« wcOnd i-'litiiiu of 
lb* 'Lynetl ttalUd^.' Tlw Snt voluoDe 
btd told 'niiicli Ix-tinr than vn cspoctod,' 
a* Domthy Mid (Kkioht, i. '212), and had, 
■be Iiopcil, ' prtT|Mrnd a number of )iurcliu(En 
tbr ibu Mcond, which wm novr adiied tritli 
Boma of WordswiMtli'tf finiMt foemt, Tlie 
eokrBvd 'Liricul Ballad*' ^Ined aome 
pciputsrilv, a« S'-fTtvy adniilted in liU ravivw 
of WonJiiwonli'g jKXt book (IPor), and 
Woidawonb msiU about Il)(l^ from lbr< 
•al». By l'oole'« ndtici! oiiiM ytvte sent 
to Witbtrforcfi nml tha Uui^!ii-ia of !>;von- 
ubiiv, autl onr', wilb u rrmarkabli? lettvr 
from Iht- author, to Fox. To Fox he exulainii 
itie ioUiilioa of his po«tns, Mpecially of 
tli0 two noble idjlU 'Thn nrolhnrg' wad 
*})Iicbn/>l.* ThpT itna nwanl to illiutrate 
thR*trcnf[Ibof tfiedotneaiieallectionianiane 
tlio ' vtat«smi-n ' of the north. The 'rapid 
ducuy' of Hudi uSmUoiu, caused by llip 
(irontli of nianufaeliirM, tho war taxM, and 
Uie poor law, vnn, he tltoiijicbi, tfa« gntotest 
cunc irhicb could befall a land. Tbo Inttur 
i* tlio moat nxolicit alatcmont of tbi> «rntt- 
nunt Mabodicd in miii:h of Wonbwortli'* 
bolt work. Fox modo a citU but not very 
apprvcialiTo reply (.Vrmairt, i. 100-71). 
Another nolrwotiliy Ifller explaining: hii 
poetical priui:i|il('« v/»s in aniwcr (o Jnbn 
WUon ('CbriMooVr Xorth'), who at tbc 
a||e of sBTOntivii bad writlen a vnty nppru- 
ftiativo Iottpr(L'4 May im2). Tb«^ cntAu- 
si Mm of t hi! vo imgi-r ftenerotiou woa beginning 
Ui bu wiinti, 

Tbe dt-alh of Lu:\l Lousilalr' in 1805 im- 
proviid \Vi>fd»wiirlh'» fiiijiminl pofiiii-^n. 
The 'oui orifjinnlly dun wnn 5,000/., and (be 
nocond I'liil [I'ri! unJt-r WiM.l.iM LtinTin:K, 
third litni. uv LoxuruiB", on lUCfwdinj to 
hi* couiin's eatatfs, r<'|)aid ihe original dpbt 
with intt'rvsi, uiahinK akogi'tb^r S.WOt 
(KxiciiiT, i. 'j^). William and hi» nklvt 
wen- each tohavoaljout l,S0Of.;ortbis they 
had lent lt^!00'. lo .lolm Wordaworib, and 
in F«brunry l^fi {;'£. i. 9K) William wa* 
attll uncertain n» to tbc final mull. The 
proepnct of a bottpr incoinp probably Pii- 
rouragi-d him lo marry Mary Itntchinsan 
(A. lit Aojr. I**!)), who had b^eu bis scbuol- 
itillow al Peiirllli.und Was lUeduugbterof a 
man in biisinpwi nt r^'orith. She was not) 
na btu been M>d, big coiwin, though tlicro 
was a [>'moi« family connoction, Worda- 
woTlb'a nnclc, l>f. VntAuon, and bnr unelc, 
W. Mnnlihtiuio, bai ioB married >iat«n. Hot 

fiarmli hiid dirj in Um tliitdhoud, and nbe 
iTcd with n-lallum at Penritli, till in I71I2-3 



lo w; I 

ofW 



rfie went to kerp boun- for ber bn»«i 
Tb->maK, who bnd a farm at Sodtbuni. 
1^10 tbey uoved to aaotbiir farm ai Oalloir 
nil), Brumiiiou, n(«r Scarbotvagh (■%. i. 
19^, Wii, »4-?). Mary tfatctitnsMt and tlw 
Wordtwortbs bad kept up the old rriatioM; 
abn bad bcm with thoni in hi* Tacatii ~ 
nunbtei in 1780, and bad vintwl tfaem 
RscedoiTD and at Dove CotloKe ; n-btle 
liadaUjvd withhi'rat SocLbum. Tbe 
riace waa thus the qoiel conauiamaliott 
KMon; inlJmacy. Iflhcv^'waano romantSe 
incident, it pn>T«d at IcaM that a poet migbl 
bo capable of perbct domeilic bappimiML 
^\'ord«vo^th** wife bad not the i^ius nor 
the riTmarliable ocquitHnetitB of bia aitlBr. 
but vbe was a gmtle. sjinpalbetic, ni 
senaible woman. He dMcrib«d har >pw- 
rt-ntly with aa loiteh Il<]t>]il7 na lor* in iha 
vorsm'Sbewa* a pbantocn of deliebt.' 

In July ISO-J ^^ orOsworth aad bi> liila 
left (inumere. and, after vliiling tbe Ilal- 
cbiiUMini, made an exprdiliou to Calak. 
faming I lirough London, h« wrois (31 July) 
thefamtiustODuelupou WeMminslM Bridp. 
He had been struck by Milton'* aonnrta 
wlii.n read lo bim by hi> *'Mer on 'J\ iltt^ 
l''Q^ tnnto to 'I K^vcd for Bnooaparle,' 
cf. KxioHT, i. S3U), and at once tried bii 
(kill on a form of povtry Ida best eflbita in 
which are unsurpaMi-d by any EogtMh 
writer. The oaTTOw limits prevwnled deria- 
tions into proaaie vorboaity and allowed a 
■livniHodexnivwionofprafound fri-'ling. Tie 
\\ onlawonliii rvtiimcd at tbe end oTAuxtut, 
and, after tlirec week* in London, wunl tO 
(lollow Hill, where he wai married to Mary 
Hutchinson on I Oct. l>^. Tlie same daV 
tljL- thri'p drove (o Tliirsk, and on tb* Slu 
re^K'h^J Grivsnier^i, and aellled down In tbe 
old I'fn. Docuthy could not 'dewribe what 
abo felt,' but accented ber tister-in>law with- 
out a trace of jeaJoim-. 

From thin limf Wordfwortli's UEp VU 
niieventfuL His five diildrvR were bnn: 
John on 1^ June l»03i Dor«jlbv, Ifi Aug. 
\mii Tliomas, l« Juno |B06;' CalbaHne, 
♦iSepl. 1808; and William.'l'i May ISIO. 
In th" autumn of ISOl WonUworih made a 
trnlkin^ tour in Scotland, briefly menlioaej 
in his »i*lM'» • RecoUectiona.* While cros»- 
init Solwav Mom he compoMd the Tdsna 
'ToaShvlaTK.'flrst pabliuied in l^'.and 
ho probalily wrote aoms ot.bpr poema at tbe 
eani«< lime. In Auguat ISOS he ainnrd lot 
a second lour in ncotland with hie 
and CtAetidge, Inaring hia wife 
I infant aon (John) at Urosmere. Col 
bnd health, hia doneotio diKmnforla, 
whidi the WotdtwoMha loon became 
nisuni, and lus rasoTt lo opimn, which 



\Vordsworth 



»9 



Wordsworth' 



uxirtf , tin left Th->in uner It linM at Il»- 
vnHUiid. Tfar VVitrJ<n-oribii'visitedBuni*'i 
«fMmtn-, Mw (!w falbi of (^Ij^k, [joch Lo- 
Okcnul «nd iLo Trostneli!!, lartrnry, (ilcnicae, 
Ki?'— ^'""'^i''. iinJ ttuuiir of llio MeiKB 10 
• ' H*ifi abual. to give povularilv. 

Tl if t!iU Unit ki-pl by Dwoth'y 

A\ . . -■'J by S. l!<igH4, wbo 

__ i n ' -- ■ ■ "ifh hnr lu to il* pro- 

BQAM^Aibiicaiiua iJiO^rt and Ait Oonlm- 
PI§HpE^ i-$l3), bat it ilid iMt appear in TiiU 
nnim it wn iiIIiliI in I^T-I In- ProCBBtot 
Sbairp aa * EtetoUertiiMif of aTutir made in 
ScotUml, *.I>.10O3.' Atlbuwidtliey visited 
Senit Itinivlf at T.aHgvr*>l#, and in bin con- 
I pany vitilwl llrJr'U'',Jn]biirg'li,andIlan'tck. 
I A cordia) ftiondiliip buganj and in 1B(K> 
■ Seolt wiih hi« wife vinitcd tliu Wordnwartl* 
■t Gnumim, and Soolt, witb(Sir1 Huiatthry 

IlHty, mnle an ttaccet of II>dvclIyu, wliioli 
annvsted mll-kaown poeiat to iIm tiro 
amutm. 
Tb* Wiirdswortbs rrtumod tn Gt«gn»*f(i 
it) Cictobtrr IMt-t. Colcridf^ bad now id- 
•oltod to jro ibrnad. On bU way to London 
be fell ill nt l>ovi^ CoItaj|c, Mid wiu nurwd 
by tka two ladim, ^^'o^dH1TuTtb ' almiMil 
ftuc«<l' Upon hill) iO/if.rt'm Mem. i. 41) a 
loan of low. lo e^iiabln him to trarel, aitd ha 
•uUd for Malta on DApril 1801. At tbU 
inH Sir Ooorgvr llowUnd ltMHm->nt [q.v-] 
bad nada tlw aripuintanow of Colcndgo, 
wboiB bo vLiitoil al Keswick, and admii*d, 
llKMBb be VFoi not penuinoJly known to 
W'.-^—'.ih. He bnd «u 'aMoat desiru' 
t< FWi pouts into doMT iie!f()ibour- 

»b-'. -. ^ ibtbla ptir^o*<> b0(tt;b( a small 

Mooeny ai ~.\ppl»tliwitiio on thaAnuiLs of 
Sluddaw, and ]in>afintiid it to WordaWortb 
U a *it« fnr a boaw. Ooii^i^tt'a dfrpnTturo 
mnovi-d tli« roMon for ibi< ciMtu[c. Uoi-c 
Cotl«co. bowuTcr, TCM (iccatntng ov«r- 
eii>wilKd, 

In XtiT»ailv'r 1W5 WorOaworlb ratnbW 
with hie tUl-ft into Pnticnlalo (hi» sieti^r'n 
tliA tour was ineorpnratiM) in 
i'k < Coiiln ' to Ibn lakMiH ISRK). 
k by ibi^ be«iily of a catlnim 
with nini! acrci of land landar J'Uc«f(.Tl. 
The ownrn wanml I.IXKV. for it. and 
Wanlawortb ollWd t'OtV. His friend \Vi1- 
luatoa applied to tb« sow I>-ir>:] Lodi^UI^, 
wboat oiii-^ fwnl WWt to WortUwortb lo 
oBaet I be purrbup. Wordnironb, afliT 
ttang btwilation, nccrpti'd '^JOi. of tbi* to 
naknoBtbif I.OOOiC, payi:i(( lb' SO(V. bim- 
a'lf, half of tvfaich wan Aupplicd by lii> wifu, 
Tbr pDtvbaHt waaflnslly (■OD]p!i-Ie<l in Man;b 
1807(K*lHlfT. ii. a7-(*,72-*E>; but Words- 
««tb wrver bntli iipoo tbo Und. Tbo 




gwuevMij of Lord Lomdalu l«d to n friai 
«bip wbi«h aftwnarda beountt very int 
taato, 

John Wotdiworth bad aniM nriy io 180S 
in ooaunuid of tbii Eut Indiaman Ahor- 
jinT«iiny, wliicb una nn^kcd by iImi fault 
of a piloi ufTtlui Bill of PunUnd ea fi Feb. 
Tbntapiata, wko Iwbar^ wilh {^nuit aniragc^ 
and tfitt two Iitindrvd prTMiia wt-tv lost, 
John wnaa man of gn'at rliam, i>hariD){, it 
K»mi, hi» liitor's cyo for natural ^turnery, 
and of a nrUnumi-nt and litcmrr taato uit- 
uitaal in bis protiiaioin. Tbi.' wholo family ■ 
WMO prorotuidly alTueted by his low (aval 
Knt>iiT,i.3<&-8a,ii.4l). Wonhwortb to]l| 
.SirUwrgi* Bmnmont (A May iNOft) that b« ' 
had been Irrinft lo write a c»nini«mora(ivA ' 
poom, but hud Uli-ii iod much agilaind to 
rem«tnb«r wluU lie wroti'. He «ompoird, 
howoTt^, Aomii 'el^iao von>«a ' rerrrrmf; to 
bti last porliiig with hia btother Duar Uriu>> 
dale tarn. An iBfcriMioD boa Immi pla 
on ih« face of it naiglibauritig rook at th 
aiif[g0tion of Canon Rawiulnr. Tlwvo aivi 
many rtJfeteacea ta John in NV'ordKwortb'a'l 
pociTy, MpecLall^ in th« vitmion I'ii^ Ciwtte 
(tba r*feNnce la to Pivl, near Darrow-iit- 
FurnoBs; we Et«r*l«g H'crtl4ii-orl)k, ii'i. (>tU.J 
67), Th« chataM«r of ihn ■ llnppv Wae*| 
rior,* aufK^wtad by Ibn dmih of ^nbon, ia- 
dndoa traita of charoctgr donixd from John 
Word* worth. 

In May ItlOS {letter* to Sir O. noaumoal 
of 1 May and 3 June ISOQ) ^^'o^k«-nrIbball 
linisbed th<' ' Prelude,' havin;; worked at it 
for toM« motitbs. Ho obiervea that it is. 
' unpieoedcnled ' for a man to wriiti nind 
thousand linM about himwlf, but e)q>laiiia' 
ibnC lio won induct to thiahy'rMlhumilitv.' 
11(1 WOK afraid of any ntor* aiduona top'ic.^ 
Tliff poem wns meant to be ' a sort of ] 
toloie " lU'tluk-," whioh he hoped luaa lol 
btaiu iu faraMt. It remained unjuinted 
till tiiji deaili. McAiiwhitu Dove Cottagu 
was becoming UDtenabl*. Sir O. Boanmon 
wan nt thi* tinia rvbuildin^ his boiua 
CoIoortoR, nniir ^?^'?■^*^fil^ii^'|■TV, \^^' 
ruttL'tihitv. Outing the biuldiiig' ha occu 
pM n IbiiJibouae, and he now oSenid tbii 
few Ibu winter of 1808-7 lo the Wo 
worth*. Tbey moved ihitlMir with Mr 
Wordswonh'a tUtiii Sarah at lite end 
OcioU-r 1808. Wordsworth took a liwli 
intfnjit in plana forthe gardens, upon whic 
ho wrote long letters to tbo ItrsumonlSt^ 
ilo wrut« inscriptiona to be plneitd in tbo 
gTonndsL Sir f). Btiaumunt's picture* fg' 
iwel«d sonM of his poems (Mpenally tliat un 
Pi«l Castto), and U«annionl dt«w illuttra- 
tions fft» serrral of Wordiwortb's yoew 
(Kkiuiit, it. SO, civos a list). Tho (riciij 

«3 



Wordsworth 



so 



W'^ordsworth 




• 



khip rvnmiiwd HDbrobm until Ibe death of 
Sir (i. Ih«umont(7 Feb. 1^27}. Tl^ Ivft »n 
snoattToriOtK. to Wo»4»worlh W jkt tli« 
pippiiwa of ut annual loar. At ibn «nd of 
1606 Coleridga e*mc with lUrtlcr to uaj^ 
Tritli the Wonl»woiltu nt CoUonoiu In 
January 1907 Wonlsiworth reciwrf Uia ' Pre- 
lude' lo ColtnAif^, wLo ih«>i«upon vrolehia 
VMtaa 'To ■ GtatlesiMi' (the flnt Tersion 
girra in OpAMrton I^rtUrt, L 313, ooDiain* 
MUM albetiaaatn tinM upon Wwdawonh, 
fttt«nrard» auppretacd). Ftnm CoUarton 
'Wordswonh went to London f>>r a month 
in tba •prinir of I^^^. coming buck with 
Scott. Tbe Word«iiorrli<nvturu«iJ loGra*- 
men in ih» aulumn. 1I<> afterwards we»t 
to the Ilulchiniiniis at ^lorktrm, whnre h« 
wrotn pan of the ' Wbiln IKm of lUliton?.' 
A eollnctinn of ^in> in two ToliimM «p- 
pt-arcdtbia T«>r. iii<ilu'Jin('lhvDt)i'i to 'Dut v,* 
and upon tdo ' liitiuiulioiiii uf Immorlulily.' 
' Miic«llanMui Sonnets,' MHinuts d-.-dicaled 
to ' Lib«rtj,' and poetiu wriltfn during a 
lour in Scnllnnd. T1ioii[rh rontniniii); ■nmn 
of Ilia fino>t work, tlii" new publication wnJi 
nharply attai^kpd iipun thit old groundi, 
l^oitlfapv wrolu to MiM Seward (Kmort, ii. 
ifi) that had bi- bi-cii Wordawurlh'a ndTiBHr 
a grvat part of Ihu loj^t volume would have 
been suppressed. The 'storm of ridicule' 
miglit har« bMn fore»vpn, and Wnrdgworth, 
thftugih h« dMpi«ed, wiw 'diufnaedlr irnai- 
t ivn to tbrranimra which he dfipinc-i.' Word»' 
worth, bo wntw. 1uni*nlf oxprt-Mwl gtvat con* 
fidcnc^u on to thi> nltiinatc buvcmu of hi* 
work, mimiudi.T^tood bv n frivolciis publio 
(tuL&dy B"auiD0nt.-2l Mdv 1807), Jeffrey 
in the ''lvdiiihiiryb'(f)eli>W 1S07) tn>ntod 
Word»worth bs a ninn of gtfat nbillly, led 
into rrror by a pnri'c-rne tlwory: but the 
ridicule! woa mom jxiinti-d than ihu praisu, 
itnd Km tlioii^hl. to \ia\c stopped tbe ciruii- 
Istion of the ptii'ius. 

Wordsworlli wwil to London to we Cote- 
ridire, wbo wm ill, and heard him lr>ciun> in 
tbe biigiiininyof 1806. llnbndnowdecidnd 
tu leave Dovii Coltago, wbrrc he had !« work 
in tbeono rooni nUo un^ by tbr familr.lhe 
children, and visiton. He moved to n uouiiu 
rnlli'd Albin Bunk, n-crnlly bitilt UTiilHr Sil- 
vurhowi^on tbe wbv to Ka*>dBle. Tliere he 
■fttlnd ill tbe autumn of 1808,andColcnd{jn 
csnie lo be bin ^ne>t. 1h> Qninrr'y, who 
liad recently benonw ColcTidgi!'* frii?nd, wn» 
anoiheriruort.whont thi^cndof 1809]ieti!iHl 
in DovnCottAKP. John Wilson, \Vord»wortU"» 
old admifor, had built bin lioude at Elleray, 
nnd now bccnnu- personally intiinule with 
ihi! Wordaworrbs. Tbe whole country won 
at tbiB lime in a piwion of iripjii-mi-nr, ovnr 
llio&>ave&lioDcif (^tra. Word«wortb> into- 



rMt in political mntlvm appeared tobarpmb- 
iMl«d ; and in Jnoe lt<H be wrote to tiir U- 
Bwtmont wondering at bi* onindiflecewe 
to currMit al&it*, >ncb ac NotwMi'a voyam l« 
the West Indln. Tbo Spaninh ruing, bow- 
ercr. nxincd bira tborouffhly. Ho aympa- 
thited bewtily with the patriatic rcHatanc* 
10 Napolecin, and waa Bbockpd by the ■p a- , 
mtSHOn granted to lb« >'reiif b army lo t^H 
tarn to their own coantry. He ^^>w*^^| 
hia fioIinM in a pamphUit, which C*nmDg 
istaid to barerpffardedaathenMMdoqOMit 
produetion rinM) liurkc'*. It btkn a hi^ 
mofat fCTOund, and, if nther noipiloqumt, 
ia forcibly written. L'nluckily it w»a en* 
I truf^ted to Ih^^uincey, who was unbujiiM«e< 
I like, and wonitd the printer* by iheodea of 
puncioatioii. The piiblicatioB wa* delayed, 
' but, oji Souther wrote to KrotI, it wouLl 
have fitiled in ntiv enae frnni iti 'lon^ tnd 
involved ' (cnlencrs. W'orda worth, he m; 
b«>cauie olxcure, Wrtly becauM he imita 
Milton, and partly because the habit uf 
tnting hidM a man's tdwcnrily fn>uk hii 
Tbo Krri'A of »onnntS 'dtdicalod to nai 
independence and liU-rty,' irritt<Tn about 
thin lime. rpprcKst the mime mood. 

Coleriilfre wnH now bringinK out Ih* 
*Friend,'of which tbe far«t number appcuvd 
on 1 June 18U9, and tbe last on 16 Natch 
1810. He dictated miicb of it atOtMauEfe 
to Sarah llutchin«on, aistor of Mrs. Words- 
worth. Wordiworth MT* aoiM belp by n> 
plyinfflo a letter byJolin WQsoa (u|rn>d 
• Matbetea') and contributing an nuay upon 
'Epitaphs.' In 1810appeuivd the lint vn^ 
Rion of his prose book upon tbe lakn. 
Colrridp*. after the failure of the "FrieuJ,' 
had dneided tn go to London with Haiti 
Montaitu, at whoMthoiUK'hemMiittomidfc 
WordiwoTlb, having bad painfnl o. 
of Cotertd(,Va habits as a gue«t. thought 
hia duty to wnni Monto^ of the 
bililies 11'hioh ha vraa incurring- Uont 
throe days afler reaching London, look 
amoxing step of commuDicatin;; this s4al<r- 
mcnt to (^Icridga. Wordsworth, ncvord: 
tu him, bad anid, 'Co!ei^dgi> has been 
"nuiiuuice" in my boiiiw, and I bare 
hopi< for him ; ' ant) bad canitDi»ioned .Man! 
Bffii lo deliver this agreeable opinion to 
object. Coleridge, in his nufortunate con- 
dition, was thrown into a proxysm of di*- 
trrM. He l<iFt Montagu to ofTiIe with th* 
Morgan*, and.inat ftod of appcnling to Wold>- 
worth liimself, eonfidtd niorr or l«a in t\ 
Lnmb«, tbe Moiynn.H, Mm. (Markson. ani 
other frieudH. Kor a time a complete nliena^ 
tion follftwed. In tbe spring of l'*\'J Col-- 
ridge wiui on the lakes, but refused, iu sgiilr 
of Dorolby s eittreatieii W risil OmsiEfir. 



Nb- 

M 

na- 1 




Wordsworth 



ai 



Wordsworth 



In Maj 1813 Wonliwonh caiae to London, 
Kid Ccmbb RobinMU act«J «* a frjondtj 
nwdiaior. Th«i)iAicull7 wm that, ulthoi^ 
Vr'onUworth muld datif tkot ho had aent 
any iDewagc or D«d tlio word* rcpoatrd by 
Coi«r«I([i>, wbn bad probablv exoftg^rated 
Hotila|[ti'ii PXkjrJp'ralM Tonion, he cmild not 
(ienT tb>t bi.' had said tooiel king which wuultl 
hn painfiil to C<il«Tid^ lie mMn bav« 
uara (be word ' nviaaaoe ' in regard to *oni« 
vf Oolctidga'a habits, which uiidoiibt«dly 
dMtmd IM naiSR : hut be ilraicd that lu 
iiad affiliad it to Colciidjtc binLMlf, Worda- 
wortk waa both delicate and Miaifhtfor- 
WKrd, and Colocidga ended hj aowptinft hii 
autcmenta. AttheBMlof the yuar hi- wrote 
a rtfty wnrm li^ilcr of coadoleaev upon tbu 
di^ib of WririUwortb'a (on. It inctodoit a 
raference (Couikimk, Tetter*, p. (101 ) to 
hi* iMling for Sarah ilutchliuon; of vrtiirb 
Woidtwonb wonld natunllf (iUa|ipruTc. 

At »mj rate, lie ilelnyiHl aasweriug, LuC La 
then wioto inviting ColeridgH t» UnucuKK, 
wberw his company would bo the grealen 
C9tafort ro hii friend. Coloridge wont oR* to 
ifa* atiaaide and made no ivpty. Int*rcounu> 
waa r«now«d by mmd« l«ttnr* in I8IS upon 
poetical poiatV; but ia ISIlI WunUworth 
waa a&aoTvd al the criticiiiu* in thv ' Bio- 
gnphia Lilenria,' and th«< friuiidahip woa 
Mit re-««ta!bUib«d till I>it>, aud Barer re- 
gained llie oM warmth- The quaml which 
■aapanded one of Uw trcu remailcable of 
litwaij frimilriiipa waji mfinrdad by Col*- 
ndge an one of thn ' four Kri'|iinK lortowa of 
bia lifc'(ALU»r.CoJrrii/yf,ij. 110). Tliouili 
known to Ml tniuiy {r'jpie at ihH time, tlie 
beta bare only n-cmilv Invn made public 
XKnoHt, ii. l6ii-»7 ; J.D. CiMPaSLt, Otl*- 
ridat, pp. I7(t-M, 193-7: CotnuimR, Ut- 
t*rt, pf. 'iiit, /(86-B12. A full nrcxint given 
in Cmam I1o«iNiio\'i Diary wan auppn'Mnl 
far tbc editor. Mn. CUrkaon wrotu to bim 
toat Wonliwiirtb'i cundurt had been afbo- 
tkmate and ' forbewinK ikroughout *). - 

In ilie sumnMT of lolOthe Wotiuworifaa 
bad raored from Allan Bank lo the paraon- 
m at Grasmere. Two of i li« cbildreo wero 
aUin^, and Imth dlnj In 181L'— Cathiarinn aa 
4 Juna and Thomm oo 1 Vet:. They wnrn 
faoried in Ibc cburchTnnl. and tlio pnm- 
fnl BMoeiation made Word-iwonli naxioua 
toteare the houM. Early iu I81^be moved 
accordingly to Kidal Mount, thi* houao 
wbicfa bo occiipii4 for tbe tmI of hi* lift. 
In 1913 ba bad afipliad to Ixitd Lonadala lo 
obtain noma aitualMn for bim, atatinjt that 
bit actoal literary ponnita brouffbt in liitht 
money, and that be ooakl not turn to lu« 
«valt«l and m«r» profitable work. Lord 
LanudsJe, aft«r applying fruitleaaljr to Lord . 



I.irwpool, ottered an allowiuice (.appanwtijr 
of lOW. a T«ar) from himself (KxioBt, iu 
9W). Woriltrw-wib Ncceplvd ibis, afYeraomaj 
heailatioD, but noon nltarwarda lA>a»diila 
obtained for liim tba oHiM) of diuributor of 
atampa for the county of Wratmorvland. 
[TLe ataiemeat that Lannlale acted upon 
a hiat from liogerv, wbu liod Mid that the 
Wordawonb* bad uftea to abwain from 
meat (Jtoffn and Jt*i Conlfrnpomriet, i. IDS), 
cannot bo nccur»t<<.] Tlia of!ia> brousht 
him in about 400/. a year, A good tirat 
of the work vju dona by a dork, Jolin 
Carter, who served bim for bia life, and 
«diled the •I'relude' after hit daath. Itin- 
Tolvcd, hoitefer, aome carefol euperialen- 
dence, and Wotdaworth aaya that for aeven 
voara be or * one of hia nearest iviniM<rtion»' 
Imdbeea dailvon tho«pot(KxliiUT, ii. ^11). 
In IS14 VVonUwortn oiodo another tour 
ID Scotland, whcin be taw lion and Oilliee, 
who publLibed M'TCrnl i>f his Mter* in ' Me- 
moir* of a Literary Veteran.' In July ap- 
pnarcd ibe ■ Bvcuraion.' When fiitishing 
tho ■ i'ralude ' bo aava that the la»k > of hia 
life' will be otvr it bn coa finwhlho 'Ke- 
cliue* and *a tmrTalira poom of the epie 
kind' llu Booumont, 3 June 160&). Tbe 
epic was never begun, and the ' Rxouniaa ' 
(with a frag-iiifiit published in ItJlSS), on 
wliicli ti" worked at intervals from I7M 
till its puMicaiiun, repivnenia the * Keclaao.* 
It marlu tho culiiiinniinn of Wordawonfa'a 
poetical carwr. Jitfiirry'c famout plirate, 
'Tbis will Derrr do!' (Eii»lurgh, Novem- 
ber lii\4) wan really tliD ptoteet of litem; 
orthodoxy againtt a beroiy the more offen- 
sive beoanae it vraa i^wuig in alrec^h. 
Soiithny (IJ/r, iv. ») ), KMie, and Crabh 
Kobimion now put Wordsworth by the aide 
of Milton. Ijiinb wns allowed n bia otd 
eiiL'myUiSbrd timrfaitpi in mmoeao Mr a pr»- 
rioua' attack, nee !io^^uls*■< £<fr, r, IBI) to 
rsTiew the poem in, the ' Quarterly,' when*, 
how«ter, the article waa cruelly nmualed. 
Coleridm objected that the ' Bicuraion did 
not fulnl his ant iri pot ions that tho ' !(•• 
eluao' wu to )tn tli,- 'brut and only true 
pliilosupkical po<^m in cxiAcncu' {Letter*, 
pp.U'lS-riO); wnoreaithejihiloaopbywaKtill 
subordiuutetotheoxpoailionofcommuuplace 
trutha. The poem took it« phtce oa Wurda- 
womIi'b masterpiece among ina youn^r gene- 
ratino now growing tip. Wordswortli gta- 
dually abandonrd nny thought of carryinc 
out any lorncr decitrn. Tho ' WUte Uou M 
RyUtone ' (publiibcd in ISIS) bad been 
written In l»07-r<, 'Teter Bell' and the 
' Wagoner' (both publiahed in 115lt>) in 
1708 and lHOb rMpmtively. 'Peter Bell' 
is said to have been hia ' most aucceaaful ' 



W^ordsworth 



■72 



Wordsworth 



4 



book iin tn tbal limn, nii fidiiioa of fivo 
Jluiuln^ 00^4 Imvinic hern k>1<J in Ibu 
jmr nnd n fccmil publiihrd. From ' wnn*. 
of r«wiIutiiiEi It) lull.' un a lau;;er work,' liu 
»jii (Kxioiir, iii. M), be sjieut much limu 
in wriliiig MiiuvU. The hodui^Is uq vh* 
Duddou, oliielly itTittou uVuul ISJO^abnw 
bia crue pownr. Tho loag'}*\ aud l«ut »nc> 
CMsfiit wrim urn> llial rnlloJ * KciiWinn- 
Aicn) Hkotcbcj.' publitiicil in 1)^L'. In fiict 
Wordiivrort li'ripro[liirtlvr|>owiT!iiiiitlpcline<l. 
nnd ht-uwfortli !HnnMiri.sl ohIj- in uccasionui 
' elTmiioiU.' llr )ia<J becuiiit> r<)5pai:Liiti!v and 
conMtntiv». Totlw liberuU lit> appeurt^i] lo 
be i» iwDflgsdp, Shulley «xpivMO« kit view 
ii) n fonni^t nml in ' Vetfr IM\ tlin 1'kird,' 
ik^ fir»t ■ IVtnr Hell ' being thn parody Uv 
Jnlia llamilton Itoynold* [ii.t.^, bniitt{ki out. 
vbL-n Wordswortb'* poem was advifiiised. 
Bnjwning'n ' Loit Leadta"' <iipi; kis l<^ti'r tn 
Dr. Onunri lu WiOTdsnortk'* Piwrc Jf VrA?) 
nvee & Inter v<ir«ion of t\m M'iiti(>i«<nl. 
WordswortV* 'Tlmnlliigiting Oclo' in 1815 
(10 whick S!ii>ll(Ty ivfnr*) nknwii hnw cotn- 

?IoIp!j" ho «horrd tli« eonwrvntivn vvbw. 
>Itboi)t;k ibu rvi>luiji>n «f Woriliworlk'* 
opinioiu v/Hs both bonus). &nd intelliRlbli!. it 
led to A praclicnl ulliAuca with lorjisin. llu 
took A kefti intvrMt iu local uolilios, at 
ftppsAT* trom bin leti«ro to l^rd Lon»ita]e 
(pirily piiblitbrd by I'rorflwiir KDifhi), and 
ia 18IIJ publiabcd two iid<Ir«R»eft to tho\Vc«t- 
mitiElnr frvoboldoM in support of tk« tory 
pitrry. lie wm kbinncd by tbn diiconumt 
oftlut period, »ud fully npproved of tbo m- 
prcMivp ni««aun.ii. At a IstiT peiiod hn wmt 
vtroiiKly 0|i[K)ii.>d to cKtJiolic umincipalian, 
and lliouglit ihv Ftuforu Bill would Irad to ■ 
diMslroiw r«Toliition [_»** W. IIaLH Wiiitb's 
liiaininalivn of tk* Chart/f of Apmtafy 
ai/aiHrt WofJ»tHfrtk, Iiftl8, for nn iiit«n>tl- 
iti|{ diMHMion of hia rt'liffioun and poiiticat 
vittws). On 13 Jnn. 13lfl he wu ploord on 
ihtf commiiuiuo of lliu pi.tu« fuc Wwtaior- 
luid. 

lliiring \a» later y^arsWordsw-mh made 
n gvifxl Binny t^onm and widi>ii«d \m rircle of 
frirndii. Sfimiii'I Itoei^n b«il Kr*>n kini «t 
thr kkm in lf'Q3, Rnd wu a kt'lpful friend. 
Anotbcr frii-td, ivko had tintt lufl kim at 
CaUtirtoii in IMlt, WB> B. H, lloydoD, who 
in l8l)> took a ciLsI nf kis faco nnd intro- 
duced faiiu 1i> L^i^-h Uunl. In 1S17 be bad 
• famons dinner at llaydon'g ntntlio witb 
K«M4 and Lamb (T.trc.oB, Hautintm, i. 
S84-7). Kent* mw -n fttoA dnol of him, 
and reifiirdiNl him witk rcTcnmRO ( Worki 
by [tiixt«n Forroan, iii. 45, 10"). Crnbb 
Hobiomn, intrudufvcl to btm by Lnmb in 
180S, was alirjvH s mail attuutini di>ci|>l« 
and siwelbin^ of a BotwelL In latur Tisiia 




I ue 



bo MW Riiicb of Itocwv and ki« yonnfvr 
mim (Sir) IWry Taylor, wka Mkrd itiMna' 
of tlip utilitariini to meet liim at a break- 
fast parly. Id IS^ be nude n four montba* 
lour with bis wifu and aislur and otr 
frienrU up tba Ilhine to Switmlmnil, 
Robiiiaon at Luevrtie, and, afi<T vi«iit: 
the I>«lia:i lalipft, rr-lurned In- Pnriii. In 1 
k«i visited tlt<!ginni with bii wif'r, and in 
1^8 v-iint nfnun to Itidgiiini and up ibo 
Ilhinowilb lu« diiuchtPTBiidColcriibp' (ntc 
T. C. rtttirr*.-** Hciiten I'alks. ck, IV., and 
iteoioir of C. Jlaynv Youn^ for notites of 
thtHtour). In l!?l.'.l lie wpiil (o Ireland to 
riiiit <Sir) 'Willinni Il<}wan lliiiailloD[<(-r.], 
nn anient adniirrr, to wliont ho 0^01) wrot* 
rritiri»tng poi'ma written by Hamilton and 
bis litt^tr kindly (iiid judiciously, InlSSl ke 
went toSptillniid.cbii-'Hy to nw S«itt,nbam 
be viJitud in S«pt«ubur at Abbotsfiwd. i' 
lino itouuOt, ' V ainiw HeViNti^d' (IB6A] 

coinmvmoratM tkis UM lav^llog. \ fl. 
tour through the Isl* of Man to Scotli 
W8« auid« in 1SS3, and produced another 
soriM of pooma in tkc umn Tolumo. Tke 
ditothof Jame*]IoEg(l~70'i83.'>)[q.v.] oa 
^1 Not. 1836 auggtBted ao 'Effiuiun,' witb 
loacbinff nllusions In tin- ileitbA of Scott 
(18S->>. Crabbo {1K{2). C-iWid;;^ (l)***), 
tamb(l83l>,audMr#.nuiunDB(lK1.S). Tb« 
old generation was vnni^liiiig. Wnnlswurth 
waa deeply aSi«l«d. by tlie dfAiti of Colo- 
ridge, ikou^ tb« cIo«e inlimary kad Mtvti 
bpen niatJired. Thcd/othofhismstcr-iiv-law, 
Sorak IlutfbinsoQ, on :^ Juns 1^3(>, wa4 a 
alill Bcvcn-'r blow, Dorothy W'ordaworlh hHj 
nuTcr n-ally recovi-ried from a aan-BTe Ulnev 
in 1^^, and by Ibis timi' waa «iukiug into 
inourabU ill-koallh. Tke disMM, u Iw t«lb 
Rogers ID February IS-tfl, had toeonind«gTM 
nir<«ted tlie brain. In 1337 Wotdaworth 
mode bis Intt c[lnli^^'ntAl tour, attended by 
II. C. Itobinson, who in later y««n apitnl 
•cveral L'brislniavs at Onsraure. ])«<wcea 
19 March and 7 Aug. they weul through 
Pnaev, and by the Uomiok^ road throng 
Italy to Rome: beck to Florence, Milan, 
nnd the lake' lo Vi-nioi?, and thonrn ihrauf[fa 
ikelVrol, Salxbiii^, Munich, and llndolbc^ 
and back by BruMela and Cnbus. V" 
wortb enjoyod hia tour and atiU wn>tei 

Dr. Arnold built bis bouse at Fox B 
183U. IK- and his family and Mrs. Fleb ^ 
[nut- Fletciikii, Elizi'', with li«r daughier*^ 
Lady I!ii'bardsonandMrj).I)niy, WON valaod 
nciglibours in Inter years. 

Admimtif-n of WordnvortVa poetry wa» 
now Iwcominn part of the orthodox oraed. 
Coicrid^'s critieliDis in tke ' Biofftaiiy* 
Litemrm' ejcpounded the true failu, and 
Coleridge had become a prophet. In 1939 



Wordsworth 



as 



Wordsworth 






DoTM ••■■onh told Bobbiaon tbnt li« 

v-iMi :i,* morepo«Bs,U tbtiy iu>r<v 

I TO). Tlie voUtdimi vditkio 

pni for f->ur year*, in ]>'2r>~ahocafm«paniled 
wilb S. Id^^vn and AUrifi WatM, Mbiag 
ibcm to hplp liitn to get bplti.'r ti^fini ftom 
aaw puhlulif^. Till.' prolitii of hi^ bwilis 
n AfMBt la uilvi-rtUing, lio^n mmI < 
ho wvNi nl1owi>il to mIooI, I19 iroolil 
,pnpiiUr< .' iiftlM Momii. To 

lia Wonliwoi' ' 1': 10 tobmie, aiid, ' 

■ft«r uinp noi^iKi.tiiofi.btilKi blllmckupin 
bii ol<I iinbluben, Ibe Loiwaiiui*, «ba in 
broiulit out n new Ddition— WoHa- 
b to bsve tnra-lhinls of tlii- MlwiUM 
pratitA, inneail of kilf praBt« M Moto. 
• bvtr oditiou in 1831 odI.v foar liandrcd 
%at of two iIhdwikI oopnt mm Mid bj 
Jitae 1832 {mi lio^rrt and hii t'oiilem' 
lie*, i. H)8-I5: ii/r ^ Alark It'nltt, 
~7 ; TViuutK^ium «/ H'ltnJaiMrtM So- 
TO*. vi.) On 30 Fib. 1^6 WonU- 
lol'l M>Mr» tlist lw> bad not mtdo 
l/KKV. b; all Vu publicatioo* up lo 
timp. Kiv<tni told I[obin«io (DiJirift, 
iii. 73} abnuc thia tiini? thkt \Vonl>- 
voiild noirr be •* macli otcrpraJMid 
he hiul beat di.-{nviOiu(«d. In ItiStt Ed- 
rd MoKun ^q, v.], vrlio biul piibli«b(d 
' Selftliijiii ' iii"l:-31, g»»" him I.AXM. tnra 
icnedilion,!! bargniii wliiL'b In lHI2Words- 
h tbuuKht IumI b>-«[i & bvi oiHi for th* 
er (l^inHT, iij. 41S>. Tb'> circiil*- 
ifcowevur, "fill iDciva«iji^. Ib 1837 h« 
to lii-sr ihnt bii po'in* w<«« makidit 
traproMKiti nl liomc and abrottd. In that 
h» ynu Inhl that an rdilion nt lir^iii^ 
iiuand «u]iie« bad liivn p>ib)ub«d in 
(t&. lii. aC7>. In I8ai,u'hoD Tal- 
VAd propotiuf -1 iM<wlaw«f cnDjT^bt, 
aiKtttb, to a [»'!ii.>on 10 lb* Ilouan of 
rnon*, i.lat«d tbal iriihin tlm lut four 
bit liad mcMud mora for lilt wiilinn 
tbaa during bit wliole ntcrioua «an>er. lie 
had a long convipocideiiw wilb Talfoutd, 
Dtadatniif^, and otber auppoKvn of tlio 
■BflsMM at thif period (uriBliid in EmeitT, 
iiL 3]»^'i8). WIiMi on 96 May IMS b» 
allM'IiHl tbo (int p«rfonnano> of Talfbaid'* 
*lon,' l><- wax nip«ivud with loud cbooni, no- 
*iiBZ to the raUKr dnnbiful xtateiBent of 
Oil, wlici WM pruiL-cit (K.vioitT, iii. 
1). In 1»SS he receivwl Ibe honorary 
of D.C.L. from Ibe university oC 
m, and iu 1839 the same degree nt 
rd. lie tliere rveeived an onlbnriaatio 
lo'ime. Ketiti', who mwntcd bint, d«dU 
to him in 1SJ4 bia ' I^mtectiooM 
Aoulemicn,' anil on both occaiiooii uud 
lanu ot rererent aiTMiliua, bjwhicbWords- 




vrorth waa deeply sratillcd. Iln liid waited 
fortv rears for gvncral Kcognition <if 

In l^SWordavonh Rsiped hia pL 
in tbo Kiamp ol&cn i it vrat tnii»r<»'r«d to kb 
aoa William, who had dont> iniKliof the duty 
tincx lfm,wlion Bponanmlnr^iDeBt of the 
dialrial bi- h*d broomo hi* faiber'a d^nity 
at Carliatf , Tblii involved a iota nf VmI. a 
j'MT, ' more iban balT \i'-a inounie' (Ksioiit, 
lii.-l^). Tliiitact.n.tlKi Ji-^iivtI,u'oslirought 
uadeviheDoiicf nfSir li. I'<'-'1, »' ho in Octo- 
ber fpivn him B penunn ot 300/. a year froni 
thecivillbt. Tbngnuit wm ducto tliDlnlln- 
Booo of tiiadnlonr. 

Wnrdtwortb'n ifldtfHl »oa. Jobn.bad taVm 
otdeei, and at tliv (ind of I T5'J8 WU1 (xHWrred to 
the tectiwy of MorMby.Cumbvrland, bv Lord 
IjMMdalo. He aftorwanU bi'i-ame vicar of 
Bri|{btQi. ni^or QiM;k«rui(Miih. Wonl^wonli'n 
dBUgbtnlhvotbr (called' Dora 'tndiatinn Lib 
her from her aunt) vnu lua fnvoariie diild, 
and i» cocnniemoniKid wilU Kdilk Soutbuj 
and Sara ColiTidp<taibf'TriuL' OnllMar 
IA41 she marrinl ICdoard Qdtlintn [q.ri} 
Wordtworib withheld his (wntirnc for *oni« 
time, partly, it annnm, b<v<>iiwi Qnillinon 
was a Ibiman cat^lic, but (chiefly frooi nn- 
willingDCM Iu part from tli« daiif[ht(rr wbnm 
he IovihI with u ' paMioniti-ly ii-almm ' oiTvc- 
tion 0\ru>n, AirttM-ffrapliy.''h3Si~t>). Ilie 
oraxent woe partly diu' (•> thu prvwuru of 
ItabelU FoDwktk, who had mnn? to live at 
Oraunen ant of admiration for bie poetryi 
and >tnyod for tonin liin.t> in the unuly. 
Jtoth the pnnl and hii wiA' fnnnd in her ta 
ardi^ot aiid jodicinun friend, and to ber 
Wurdiiworth dictntiil the invaluable notea 
upon (be ciumpniilion uf his poems. 

^pan th>- death uf SouiIk^v (:>1 Manb 
l!M3)ili« p««t-1aur«<aiutihip «'aa uflered to 
1iVord«wonb, who at lint declined on tbs 
KTiKind of hilt inability to discharge th* 
dutien. l^r [tobnrl I'cnl harinj; aetured 
him tbnt no olBclal vnnw« would be nHinired 
fr«in biui. be accepted the 'ifTur. In hlay 
IBl/i bit went to Iiondon upon bring invited 
to a atate ball. He aderwarda attended a 
lot-ee in court dm*, and bail to be foijiod 
into IUif[er»> elothni and t^ near Davr'N 
aword (aor iUllMSf iii. 303-0, and tlio 
Srvmmmf Lettm, i. m~7). TeanyMn was 
aqneewdintn the same coat wbon he bad lO 
attead a letM ae Wordswcrtfa'a euceMwr 
{IJf* 1^ Tmas/tuB.'i.SS^). tnJanaary)848 
he lumt a eopy of hi* poem* to the queen, 
witbvcrnfaiiMcribnd upon thi- Ry leaf (printed 
in KsKiiiT. iii. 470). In lRt7 on ode, nooii- 
ually bv him, bul probably written byQuilli- 
nan(£Wr«/rv )f'Dri''irT>rfA,viii.320)^wuaet 
to muaic and pcrfonnud at the inatslluioit 




Wordsworth 



a-i 



Wordsworth 



m 



of Ihi! pitnce ommtl u dianrellor nf iIib 
univentty of C&mbriilep. fi wit« rvcnivcl 
Willi groat ■>pp1aiu«>> WohJjiworth wn» itill 
li^OTOUa, Sonio mrmoririU nf liin cmivcriD* 
turn am givni by Mr».(K!i»n> I'lftchfT [ij.v.l 
ami hor diivi(rht*rj, Ln'Iy ItichnnlHin «iiJ 
itn. IHtv. Diiciiilui Biicu hh IIvot^ Tuylur, 
Mr, Aubn-'j ile \ rr*. and Maltlitw ArHi.ild 
paidliiin tlieirbomati', ft'idhi' wmllioobjoct, 
ofceo^ni] r«vi>reiice. tlUs'iii Willinin ninr- 
ripn MiM nrnlinm. Uni. (JiiiUtnnn irai 
taknn ill noon »f»iTW)iHji. Unr pnri-nlj re- 
luminl rrom a visit to (MiriilipJiw W'nrda- 
woith at Wi'stmitiatcr upiiii bpurinc; «f Ler 
state. Alter (wo mitnlhi of anxivty %hv 
died OH July. WordBwoMti"* griff was 
Overponcrini' a>i<l dnrkpniKl Ilia iwmaiiiing 
ycart. In IS4fl he. Tiiilnd «iu< nf the liiitchin- 
•ooa at Mah-om. nnd tbcrn lind hi* loat 
iatcrvicw wiili Hobinmn. On 10 MarcU 
1860 he waa nbb tu iittend divine sprvicc at 
Itvdal diapvl. but a, dayur two lutur cuufiht 
cold and irrBiJiially Mnb, dvinj^ tienccfiilly 
on S« April 18-'j0. ' IIk wii« Wned in (Irsa- 
innri' chiirrhynrii on tlio 27th by ihe iiide of 
lid phildrrii. DoKilhy Wordnworth diod on 
Jiin. IS'iij. Mr*. WordiwortU miTrirt-d 
■ IJII btT iiinetiplb ypiir, nud ditd on 17 Jan. 
Ifiii'.*, wlii^n iiie will tiiirit>d btuide lier bus- 
band. John, l\it i.'ld'.-r i>r 'Uv liru suriiTiug 
•on«,dii)iJin isr.'i, anil WiilKiro, the youngpr, 
in l«a.^ Ilorb Uft HiiUln.ii. 

'I'hn criliclKin of Wordiwurih'B pnritry by 
8. T. (Mprid(tciiilhi! ' ltio(imiihiii (.ilcrarin' 
w ititl un.iiirpiasiii. l.nti-r criliciums of 
iBlOrvHt arc by Sir Htnry Tuvlor (in ' Xotes 
on Bookti,' IH-Itl); Mr. kiibn-y de Vi>r« iu 
'K«My»i-bieflyoti Poetry.'lW.vol. i.: Mat-' 
thrw ArnoU! (in a prffiicn M a sfib^clinn of 
'I'oatm,' ISBOV; IVnn C^hufdMin Mr- Huni^ 
phry WBrd't'Kojrlish IWtVIBSO.vol. iv.); 
Shair|i ill ' 8ludi<r« in I'biloHciuby null I'ootry,' 
lerig; H. H. llullou iu • Ehm^* I'bilosu- 
^icnl Bnd I.itprarv,' 1S7I, v(i|, ii,; \V«lt»-r 
PatOTin'Apprfointinn*.' ISOO; Mr, A. C, 
Swinbumnin'Miiii-i'lhnii'ii,' li^; Mr. John 
Morlcy (in ' Introdupiion' to edition of 
poenia in IWC*): and J. U. [,ow<.|l (in 
'AinonKmyltr>i>lis'l. ,I.S. MiUin hi<' Auto- 
biognpliy (pp. Uti, ke.) hrm an inlf>rf»tiujt 
account of ibitefloi;! upon bimsulfof rradini; 
Wonieworlh. Thesnotbioginllueno: whicu 
Mill roco(rni«ed no doubt <<xplain»TLi^ strong 
olTfiRtlon which Wor<lf><vorl.h hiu iniplr«d in 
nllaympaihi^tit! rrndi^r*. No pm't ha* bncn 
mon loied bccaunu nnne biw irxpi^nwd more 
fowibly and truly tliu d<N.-pi.'i<l mcimlemoliuns^ 
Some eritiua Lavo Itib'iun.-d !'» ehovr that h'la 
poetry irna not a philosopbv such na Cnle- 
n^ fondly e^ect*d to fimi In the ' Kxciii^ 
doD.' Wo(d«w»Hbwu to begin by exposing 



thii ' Handy M^Iiiinni r>f l.ocl:(-,' and to aLow 
the rfK^onoiliatioQ of iru>> iJt-alikni and trae 
n-ali»ra(Coi.KHJDOi!./Wr'rj',ii.64S). Worf»- 
worth, in fact, wan only punlrd br tncta* 
phyiicnl nrgtumnntu, and could not, if any 
one could, trannnat« ihcm into poctrr. 
n» ' philolophy.' if he be alluired to lU' 
one, mutt be tatieo to conMpond to a _ 
found and consisi4>nt perceptMD of coHai 
Tilally inipoTlanI a»pcctM of tioBiaa lifft 
Ilia aim from tbe fir«t irai to find lit uttoi 
nnre fur thn primnry and limpln fr*] 
Till- attempt to utter Ibu cotrrapondii ^ 
ttutbji baa an awkward tendency to de- 
generate iuto platitude: and Wonuwortfa'a 
revult against the 'artificial' Mtle of tbe 
prfiyioiis school kd to his Iririalitice. He 
HKTan In hare ihntiKbt that boeaoM (ho 
ppowint liaa tha ferliiigi eonraan Id naa, 
the priuiant'i Inn i^aire could give tbeiB ade- 
q^Uflte exprcMiun. Ue bKame inatliBtio at 
timtM from fear of being unnatural, lie fully 
recognised, indeed, tbe necewiiy of p<>lidiin^ 
bis poes))^ SJ> is ihown by hti ronliou»l n 
vititnns (^nm in Knight ■ edition). A cei 
thin clumiiueM aln-ays ri?niaiii* ; but in ' 
earlier period he had the power of arrMtina 
simple tbuii)(hi with the magic of poetiea] 
inapinilif.>n. Tbe great stimulus came frovi 
the Freui^h r>>vulutiou. Tbu sympathy wtiicfc 
he f"lt wiib thp snppi)«wi rvMoralii'D of «« 
idyllic larder diiuip)wnr<id when it took th* 
form of (odal dinntegmtion. Tie growth 
of paiiperimn and the factory lyatvin, mi 
the decay of old aimple tuciety, inleonCed 
the impredaion ; and eome of his nobleit 
piwms are devoted looelebraliug thevirluM 
which he took to be mdangMmt Wo(d»> 
wnrlba lovo of nnlura'it partly an r xpt fi 
aion of the aame feeling. !lc lorod the 
mountaina became they were tin burica 

whieh proleuled the pensanl. lie loved 
tliem nlao becaueethey eefaued his own most 
eharaet eristic mooda. His 'Dnysltnl' or 
pnnlhoistic view of nature mnant the 
of tbe Ifinoly muatngi wh-Ti he 
'grn»p n tren' to eonviftcti himielf 
reality of the world (.t/™ioiV/,ii.l'l*0). 
love of nature woa Ihereftire the other Mi 
vt hi« 'e^lisni.' He baled the scienliBe 
view which «ubstitui.e<l mer» matter of fact 
for emotional eiimulns. 'lli^ truth 
piwcr of his fetilimimt make this the 
originnl and moal piiteiy poetical 
in Ilia wriiinga. lie could n» little ri' 
Coleridge and Shelley in soaring si 
com moupliice world ait BT^.■n »r Bi 
uttering the passions. But in hii 
domain, the expression of the deep 
snlonin emnliona of a quial roclilM 
aimple penplv and ini|>ro*ire tcUMfy, 



SI 



Wordsworth 



»s 



Wordsworth 



U (qttally uasurTMiMblo. M!a« F«aui«k 
•>TH (T^TLOB, CormrpoiiJetKir, V. 100) thuc 
■U liL* air««liuiis were »u poAcnul iHnc, Imd 
kif (Dt«tl«c4 b«en IsM Mrong, ' tbej mu*t 
hvn iettnftd bim long tfo.' OMorid^ 
notiee* hi* (iriMig tendm^ to hypodiandna 
4Ml-tbt*bs^ Grviif iff JS^tithmen, y. 161). 
WonUworth'* •oltdity rbvo liim nlwttj's n 
cvitaiu ' •IscHlv in sinkinff;' aud it vraa 
cluefljrduriiig (W [Wiriod nliich followed liU 
mat intellectual crins iImI be n«hiitT(<d hit 
bigfaeM flights. In Ut«r ycsra ht< wait aa 
f xc«llent diilribtitor ivf «Unip(, but, t'lCRjit 
in (be opinion of one or two wry n«!oui 
diMiplet. n rury inferior poet. 

^V or4iwDrtIi| Bcording lo llavdon (XjA, 
iii. mS), was exactly o tert 91 inebea in 
h>Hgfat. Tie wag of *tiirdy laigv-luaid 
rlimsilT bnilt Agiiiv, loakinv likn nnn of nU 
tyKWCtablc dalmiiwtn. Hnxlitt, Lnigh Hunt, 
and IVQuinery «]ioakof liitcyds axglnwing 
at tinioi with rcmailinbl* fire. l>o Quinonr 
aaya tbnt tb« ' KieWdw)n ' portrall of Jiei- 
■on waa an «ia«l likravM; but tbo impm- 
uoa b BMTcely conflruM^ by \i\» portraila. 
fbtj show a sIMng hony frnm^work, a 
bcavy moulb, and a prnmmi'nC nfun, and 
sa«D« an BDre mfigrativc nf mrnijitb than 
of Ctb. Aft4T l«aviBX Kaecdnwn ho wm en- 
liivly witliout ibo leam at uncU (Soitthct, 
Xf/e. i. t«\. 

I^fcMor Knighl gives a tiat of Wordt- 
wortli'* ^nraits in • Work*.' ii. 40e-Sl. 
Original portmiu an>: I. llalf-lvngtli, by 
■■ Kskmowa aKi>t nt Slower in 1707, xatti- 
tiotutd in Cottle'* ' 1-^ly licvonHtionii' (>. 
Sl7): boaght in 1887 by Mr. CrrorKc, the 
boohaeller at Briitul. 3, DtuwiiiK in blnrk 
chalk br liolwn Hancock [q. r. J in 179^< ; 
vngrav^linC)]!^'* ' Kecolltctioiiei' now in 
XatMntal I'^inrsil Gallery, London. S. Por- 
trait by Wilimni Ilaxlilt in 1)^1: ridicnled 
^rSoathr'y in ' l.lfe and Comapondcnco ' (ii. 
VB). 4. 6il painting by Kkhnd Carrutbnra 
ia 1817; btlmiKcd ta thi- Rer. Tliomaa 
HurchitiMa, Mra. Wonlswi^rtirii u<-phew: 
vagratvd nr Meyn*. and rri'todaced in 
Tinin'a ' Woid»woilh ItiHlidnv Ilook." 
6. Pamcil drawing by Kdwnrd Xnuli in IfilS ; 
booirbl at Sootliny'* inln by Mr*. Joihiin 
."itaogw; onjrmviHl for Wordiworili'* ' I'raM- 
Work«' (bub 8oriilEV, Lf/f and Corre*/: v. 
soy. ft. A crayon drnwiii^c by B. It Haydon 
ia 181ft; gireu !■> Wordewonh, aud afrrr- 
wnrd* hv hi* som to Mn. Waller I-leld ; 
ttigravM by Tbomax (.Andno^r in 1^11. 7. X 
pt)rtf«it br HayiUin: inlnxliiced into bin 
■ f')iri''.'i Kntry iuto JcTuialaca,* cxhibitnd 
ui I'^J'J, wlwpe Wordiwonh appcara an a 
tenrenl diKiptl-; the picture is now in thi- 
Bonun catholic CttWnl at Ciucioniti ; a 



dark aludv for Ibc bead waa bougbt by Mr. 
Stephen I\«rcc at Haydon*!! sale. 8. A 
small half-length br Ur. ^VilIill^l Boxall, 
1831, beloDgiog to Mr. Oonlun Wordnrortk, 
the port's gnindion; engrared for Recd'a 
American mlilion of Ii4t4, and elMwhcre, 
J>. Lil.hojtmph bv WillUm Wilkina ; drawn 
for 'Men of the Day' about IS-tS; called 
by Wordiworth tJie 'StaDtp-Diatribulor.* 

10. Medallion iu wax by W. W. Wyon, 183&. 

11. Portrait by Joa^h Serern [q. v.] when 
at Rome in 1^^; m pooMMlonof ibepoet'a 
RTandion, prindpal of the Elphinstone Col- 
lefe, linmbity. 13. Throo-qnartaT' Ivngtli by 
Henry Wilfiam I'idcntagill In. r.l painted 

: for St. John'* Oolhwe, Cambndire, in 1833; 
copiee wn» made bv H. H. PickDrsgill, the 
artiat'a eon, for Mn. Qnilliniin, and for th« 
Master of Trinity. 13, I'ortrait by H. V. 
PichomKill, painli'il fir Sir Robert PmI in 
1840: encrnviMl in the ' Memoir*;' n ivplica 
nt the Nnlional I'ortrait (inllpry, l^ndon. 
N. Miniatiiri- on irorr br Mim Maraarot 
Oilliea iu 1*41 for Mr, Moon, the publuher, 
for au eDgraring iMued in 18-11 and agnia 
in IRM: the original Hfterward« belonged to 
Sir Hnnry Dmilton, nnd wa* eoffratM for & 
Toluiee of ' Si-Wtioai ' racnmlnd by tha 
WonUwarth Rociety; Miu Ciillica maila 
three copies, introducing Jin. WordirworUi, 
and a profito, ensrave'l iu the * New Spuit 
of the A|p*.' by Iticluinl Henrr Hom« [a. v.] 
I'l. Portr«it rejitvwnting WonUworth aa- 
M^ding llidvellyn, by It. R. Hnydon, IMSjj 
Mm. Drowning wiotfl a lonnet upon lhi([ 
trail, which hm bocn cnKraved. Ifi. An an-'' 
(ininliied portrnil by Hnydon in 1^16, lie- 
Iimging To Mr, Fnticis B^nnocli.repmtcDling 
Wordsworth tiMtixl on Ui^Iiellyn. 1", Por- 
trait fiainlerl in 1^14 bv Henry Inman, an 
American ATttit, for ProJemor Reed of PhilM 
dclnbin, now in America : nKplicawasgircit' 
to Wordira-ortb. IS. A minintnm in wat«T- 
oolours by Thomnn Currick [n. r.] Two 
(ketcliet of Words worths bend by SamDiiI 
Ijaiimice [q. v.] bplonc-'J to Mr. J. Dyke* 
Cuinpbell. A bu»I of Wordsworth bv Cnan-j 
irey, e-Teeoted before li^Sl.ia at ColeortoOii} 
Anniher bint win by Mr. Angus Fletchef- 
hroih'T of -Mr*, l-'lflelipr of I.iinpri)nif. Th«| 
iitnniR in the bnptiitery nt Wertminntep ' 
-A-bbry is by FredF.Ticll 'rhriipp [q. v.], who 
used a plnsler-cunl taki^n from Wonlsworth's 
fitce during life. A medallion in Orasmero 
church i* by Thorans Wooln^r^q, t.] 

IXive Cottnge ws« bmidii by (nbaciiptia 
in I8D1, and ia hnid h3^ trasicm for th« 
nublic. Tho other , ho^i occnpied * by 
WoriUworth nm Will in ej;i«t.-ni!iv For nn 
account of rarioiis places naiocinted with 
Word»worth imn I'ruledsor Iviiight'a ' Eag- 




Wordsworth 



*6 



\\'ords'.vorth 



],nl:i-DiBiriol»siQli.-r(irHt<'ilinlh.' I'm-ni* 
of IVonJswoith,' 1S91, ttiiil Cajwu H«wn»- 
itty't ' liMMf^ AsmoalioQ* of tlic Kngltth 
]Uki>»,' Glai^w, 18SM. 

Woniiwoith'* worku nre: 1. "AnETen- 
injf Wiilk : an Kiiiatle , , , lo a Voung [•vlj' 
trom tfac lAkM of Ilia Nnrili of Eii^Unil,' 
1703. 'i. ' DMcriplivi- Skeicties in V»f»f, 
tdlitn iluringajK-iln'Ttinn tmir int.li* Ilnlinn. 
Gfison, Swi", nml Snvovard Alp*,' ITyS. 
3. ■ I.yricnl linilniU, iriihafi'wotln-Tpofnw,' 
1798, I to!. Svo (luioii.) Tbfco an- tout 
poem* by foU-rid;;!.-. A n-priiiT. t"lit»^ by 
nti(iw>r Dowdi-ii. wnH |iiibli:''i<!'l in l^'Ol; 
< tni onottiHr, «dit^ bv Mr. T. llulcliingoiv in 
^- lB9B(bo(hwliti valitablonolex). i. • I.tHpoI 
Bftllsdi, wit!) other poomis' I8O0, '2 \oU. 
five Thijfir»tr*pivacntJiUiBVoliiinoof ITBt*, 
and i> callnd ' Miroud edilion,' omitting ' Tbe 
CoovicI,' bjf Wordiworth, including' Cole- 
ridffi^'a ' Lovi',' Qinking HOme chaucvM, end 
ftddiuB a 'prufa™;' p^uriuied in 1MI2 at 
nulkd(!l[)hia, r.S. Th" (wcond rnluRuv, 
CODlainiagf new prMimi, in not culled Rncond 
«ditioii. Acnthpr odil.Inn nppnm<t in 180?. 
vol. 1. calW a ' third edition.' and vol. ii., 
to vhieh are nddrd llio 'prefaw' of IWO 
anil an 'nppcndix'on poetic diet ion, 'awond 
uditiun ; ' aud nnutbvr. in tiro volniaM, bnlh 
CoUmI ' fourth edirion,' in ISOiS. 6. ' rootnii 
iBtwoToIuineg,MSOr, 2toUSvo. B.'Coij- 
eerniDg tb«> litilaiicinii nf Irivat ItritaiD, 
Spain, and Portugal In nnob ollii-r, and to 
WM Common Knoiny Bt t.liis Criniit, and s^it- 
eificnlly ai nflbcted' by ilie Convention of 
Cintra . . „' ISOi". I vol. 8vo; ^nd edit. 
H*iO: nvvtom. 1>*38, 7. 'The Eicnr»ion, 
ln'inj; a pwlion of tlnii KiM:ln«p,' 1&14, 4t(i. 
In lh» nnle> in thn ' nuav upon ppitoplu,' 
from tli« ' Friond ' of 22 fi-'li. 1810. (*. 'The 
Wbitn I>op of Uyhlono; or llio Fate of llie 
Nortuui.' imc, 1 vol- 'Ito ; includes the 
' Force of Pravw ; or the Foundtu^ of Itol- 
(on Abbey.' '«. 'A Letter to a I'rit'nd of 
Rob#n Bunia' (J*mc« Gi-iy), 1816, 1 voL 
8vo. 10. ■ Thnnhi^iriitg ()d«, 16 Jan. 1»16, 
with otlipr *hort pincna, Rliiftflv Tnfnrrina to 
recont nvcnt*,' ISIB, 1 rnl, Bv'o, 11. 'Two 
Addrruoi to tliP Frcclmldera of W«tmt>re- 
land,' ISie, I vol. Svo. U. • Peter Btll: a 
Talc in VcTsc,' 1819, I vol. 8vo (with four 
•oniHjia)! 2nd edit. 1819. 18. 'The Wag- 
goii'?r: a poHiu; to whiebore added Sonnet^' 
ISUt. 14. ' Tbe River ll.iddon ; a Snrir* of 
Si>niiol«, Vaadrnconr and Julio, and other 
Poirm«, lo whirh i« nnn«iml " .\ Topojtrniihi- 
cal l)i'u:ription of the Country of llie Lnliea 
. . ,"' 1820, I vol. 8vo. The lopograpbical 
dMcriptiom waa lirst jiri>(lxed 10 tbe Rov. 
Joaepn Wilkinson's ' ^lecl Views in Ciin- 
berlond, &c.' (fol 1810), A tbird edition 




(fir»t separately pat>lit.hi>d) in I??5, fonr 
1823, Bftbat' A Giiid<- !'ir,ii,:.>, iho I.nli 
with'conaidorablaaiMit' ~. l-^.'Me 

morialaof a Tour on ir :i':rL>-nt, l>S'.'J 

I vol, 8ro. 16, ' Eeelwiiiuiticil Ski-telipa 
IlBaS], 1 rol. Bvo. IT. ■ Lm« trfl.r 
l><Bth' of CliarUe Lamb,* privately 
without title or date in IHVi or !>■ 
18, 'Yarrow It^vUIled, and other Po«n*,'' 
less, I vol. l2mo; ncain in 18.-fil. 10. ■!!« 
Sonnrrtanf W. Wot\l»worth . . . with i 
additional ana now Grit puUiiliad/J 
I ToLflro, ao. 'PortnHchEeHyofwl) 
late years," iiifluding 'The Itorderpr*.' IS^ 
1 Tol. 8vo:al«o w»ued a» vol. vi). lo' Pcm 
cal Worka'of 1886. 21. ' Kendal and Wi 
dern»prB l{aiIway:Tirol«lt^rsmprintfdfn 
tlM>".Momiiij I'o>t,""ivTiii*d,will>additio 
n.d. (ond of 1814). 22. ' l)do on tlw 
■tallniion of H.lt.II. Prioce Albni 
Clianccllor of tbe [*nivenitv of Cambrii). 
[lftir\ 4to. US. 'I'he Pr»?riid*. or Oroi 
of a Poet's Mind,* IN".'!, I vol. 8vo fj 
tbumous). 34.Tli«eretboal[oftha-Kecla 
vB* pnblii>b«d in 1888. 

ColloctiTB edition* daring WoriUwortbV 
life are: 1. ' I'ooim,' 1815, :; roU. 8vo. It 
included previom publicstions, eTi-ept the 
' Esciirwon," ond 9om» additional pocrai. 
Thocv wai a new praCiiM, aitd at the cDd nf 
vol. i. an euav, Bupplefaentar; to ihn pt»> 
face. Thtt old pre&we and appendix ara at 
the 4iid of vnl. ii. A third volamc wu 
mada up in 1820 by binding topithrr ' IVter 
BpU/ the ' niver l^uddon.' the ' Wasroiv-r,* 
and the ' 'niank'ttivln^ OAe.' 2. 'Sli-tfel- 
lBneouBPueuiii,'l8'iO,4roU. 12mo; ineladas 
all except 1b« ■ Eicureioa ; ' il wa4 ivfinW 
li»lied at Boston, Moss. 3. ' I^Mlical Woriit.' 
IS27, fi vol". Vimo J iorlndtfift the ' Exeur- 
fion;' rrpnnti<dbv(laliff«*nimf*arit, 18% 
*. • i-toolicnl WorV; ISSS. 4 voU. »» 
B. 'Poctieal WorW 183B, « vpU. Ptn. 
Moxuq'b att-reot riied olittoa. rvprinlixl 1^0, 
1841, I'^-J, 1843, 1816, 1M9. A guppl^ 
men^ conlsining now rannaia and tome 
l^lin lrnn«Iatioiu by hi* son John, wu 
added to vol. V. of 18(0, and 'Poema at 
Kiirly find Late V«im' of 1813 w^j al.lc) 
lis n nrvcntb rolume. Ii. ' Pu- 
1 v'lL poyat 8vo; rcprinlvd in I - 
1819. ISj'l. 7. • PostJcal Work- 
Tola. l2uio. Wordeirorih [':- 
translation of part of the first k>uk •" ■' - 
' ;^aeid ' in the ' Philological Muiesiin ' t'r 
1832. Thrt rhief lat«r oditioni ar* th*i bv 
ProfcMOT Knight in eight vidnmRt orta^o 
(188i-6V fiiUownd by his ' Ufa " ia S roltj 
pditioiiin one^ vulumeootaTOiwithpreCMe^ 
Mr. John Morky, 1888; th» Aldiaw edttioa 
in 7 vote. un. 6td, UAS, edited by Pntumi 



Wordsworth 



'7 



Worgan 



Uowden, ud tlie Oxford miniature edition 
. in 5 vols. 24mo, 1895, edittd by Mr. T. ; 
Hutchinson. The text ofthe last two editions 
ia rem orkably correct, 'Poetical and Prosu 
Work«,together with Dorothy Words worth's 
Joumala,' 1896, edited by Profcesor Knight. ' 
The life and letten promised for thia edition 
hare not yet been published. Miss Fenwick's 
notes, partly given in the ' Memoir,' were first 
added to the poems in a six-volume edition, 
published by Moxon in 1857. A volume of 
'Selections' was published with prfface by 
J. Bine in 1831, and again in 1834. Tho 
•Sonnets' were collected (with some addi- 
tions) in 1838. Other ' Selections ' are edited ! 
by F. T. Palgrave, 1865, Matthew Arnold, 
187P, and by Professor Knight and other 
members of the Wdrdsworth Society, 1888. 
The prose works, in 3 vols. 8vo, wore edited ' 
by Dr. Grosart in 1876. 

Professor Dowden's ' Bibliography and 
Chronological List ' appears in vol. vji, of his 
edition of ' Wordsworth's Poetical Worlis.' 
There is also a bibliography in Professor 
Knight's 1882-6 edition (vol. i. pp. ixiix- 
xlvii), and a chronological table in the same 
Tolurae, revised and corrected in vol. viii.pp. 
32'>-87. A revision of the bibliography and 
chronological table appears in the edition of 
1896, vol. Tiii. Mr. J K. Tulin onntribuled 
a bibliography to tbe edition of 18BtI, and bos 
also published a ' Wordsworth Dictionary 
of Persons and Places . . .,' 1891, Hvo. For 
some interesting details in regard to the 
' Lyrical Ballads ' see ' A Description of the 
Wordsworth and Coleridge Manuscripts in 
the possession of Mr. T. Norton l^ngman, 
edited with notes by W. Hale White,' 1897. 

[The Uemoin of WillUm VTonlaworth, by 
Cbristopher WoidBironli fnn«rwHnls biihnp of 
IdDcola), bii naphetr, IS^l, 2 voln. 8ro, givt;B 
a VMfal thoDgb nnt very toil imrmtivp. Tlia 
life by ProfMsot Knight, in 3 v^Ih. 8tu (1899), 
fiHrmi thd ninth, t«nth, and oloventb Tulumca of 
th> Poetical Works, &''., nnil iiiIdHHConHiJemble 
namber of letters and nllior miiteriiils. Thu 
short life by Mr. F. W. Myers in ihp 'Men r,f 
Lctttn' seriM is an udminiUe summiin,- nnit 
nitidsm. 8oe also ' Willinni Wonlswortli," by 
ElJwbeth Wordsworth. INDI. Ia ,|eiin>'i»._< ilo 
Wordsworth, par Emilo Logouis. INDG, U u 
Ainnlarly iDterasliDg sod carofiil study of the 
Mrij llfs. An Engiisti trHnatatloQ by J. W. 
lUttbewa appmred ia 1898. Wiltinm Wurds- 
wotth: Min Iisben, teine Wtrke, seine Zeit- - 
gi nnasnn. von Marie Oothoin, IE93, 2 voIh., is i 
punstakinRondsyiapBthatic. TIiesecuDdvulume | 
CMsilta of translations into Grrman. Other i 
books of original DiatsrinlB .ir<' : Cottle's Knrly 
BerollMtioDs, 1837 (rrpublisheil vith alterationi | 
as RemiiuscsDea, 1817); CoTiridge's BiogmphlH 
Jilmiia; Letters of S. T. Cukrldge, 1893; 



Leitsrs of the Ijike Forts (privately printel in 
1889), pp. 329-8G for Wordnlrarths lettera; 
HemoriHls of Culeorlon. 1887, 2 vols, edited by 
I'roleisor Knight; Jiln. Sandford's Thomas 
Poole, 1888, i. 226, 238, 241, 298, ii. bi, bS. 
120,269, &c. ; Lamb's Lnttsrs ; Sonthey's Life 
and Lettrra nod Se1ei:t Correapondence : Lock- 
bart'sLifaof 8co't; DcQuincey'sWordsvorth in 
'Ifike Poutji;' Moure's Diaries; Crabb Rubinson's 
Diaries, passim; Cumpboirn Life of Coleridgo ; 
CUy den's Samuel KogrrsaDdhisCoDtempomries, 
1889. 2 Tola. (nuiDj references) ; Carlylas Remi- 
niscences ; Msrtineau's Autobic^mpby, IB77, il- 
231-44; Hnydons Correspond tnce and Tabli^ 
Talk, ii. ]8-.fi9 (lettera); Turn Taylor'n Life of 
Hnydon. i. 13S, 297, 325, 384, ti. 11, iii. 218, 
223, 302, 30a ; Keala's Wurka (Baiton Pormaa). 
iii. 4S,U2, lot, 107, iai-3; Leigh Hunt's Amu- 
hiography, 1860. pp. 247-9 ; Patlison'a The 
Brothers Wiffsn, 1880, pp. 32-42; Liteof Alaric 
Waits, 1884. i. 23t-47. '281-8 ; Glllies's Mamoira 
of a Literary Vutvrun, 1851, ii. 137-73; Mm. 
(Elim) Fletchrr's Auioliocraphy, 1874, pp.213, 
&o.; Sir Henry Tavlor's Aulobiociaphy, i, 
172-82, 190, ;(a3-9. ii." 61-62 : Yarnnll'a Words- 
worth and the Cute rid^eH, 1809; J^^cliU's Yetler- 
dajB with Autliors. The Worilsworth Society 
published eiglil volumes :if Transactions (1880, 
kc), whieh eoDt.-iiti mitor Lttirs and notes upon 
various details, A life uf Donitby Wordsworth 
by Edniuml Lm) nppenreri in 1886, Tli.> writer 
hill Bspceially to [h;ink Mr. W. IIulo White for 
many tuggvationt and corrupt iouh.] L, S. 

WORaAN,JnilX(1724-17!)0), organist 
and composer, of Welsh descent, and the 
son of n surveyor, was bom in London in 
1724. He became a pupil of his brother, 
James Worgnn (17l'i-irfi3), organist of 
Vaiixhalt Oardoiiri, and he subsequently 
studied under Thomas llnseingTavefBcu under 
I{osKiXGH*TE,DASiET.jandGeminiani. John 
Worgnn speedily tooK a foremost place as 
askiifulorgnnisi. In succession to his brother 
James he was organist at St. Mary I7ndi'r- 
shaft with St. Mary .\xe, about 1749, at 
Vnuxhall nardi>ns, l'75I to 1774, and at St. 
Botolph, Aldgali'i in 1 7I);i, lie subsequent Iv 
became organist of St. John's Chapel, Bed- 
ford Itow, in 17(10; and, in succession to 
his brother, ho held the post of ' composer' 
to Vauihall (larJi'ns from 17/i3 to 1761, and 
again from 1770to 1774. Hetookthcdegri'eof 
bachelor in music nt Cambridge in 1748, and 
the doctorate in 1775. He died at 22 (now 
65) Gower Street on 24 Aug, 1790, and was 
buried in St. Andrew Undershaft on 31 Aug., 
when Charles Wesli>y(17o7-1834)[q,v,], one 
of his favourite pupils, presided at the organ. 

Four interesting tributes are extant to 
the remarkablu powers of Worgan as an or- 
ganist, whose performances always attracted 
gtoat crowds or both professors ond n male urs. 



Woriit^e 




Worii(^ 



«dl « TmiWL- J. W,GML,-&at 



nw) 






Dfc.: 



rkr(fc>< 



B( 












!^: 



.U»;*4. 



j: 1. ■%«*>■ 

MBt. I rjiiitte 

Ihywt w. SAyai?»0 »*• » ■■■>• B ifc ^ « ik Ad •( 0«^b(m.' US7, 

ii^tn |iiia^»A»ai?K>;'W, — ..... .^t- . 

w now* (» Xmu ITVl: ■■» { BMW' (» w«^ ^iMK «C lbr*M(8e. 

rT«m n i rf i ■ I , rf»* kt rtirt w w rOi^^'a [tfOM^ UM. ff^ LM. IQ; 

(« iMt} ««M I i r I I ; f^l o ai 1 !.*.«•-• Km^ Qi 1 i Mf ». ^ 

I'll 111 I ii'll -' SM^ut-J-V.CMLl B. C-«. 

vilfc kasMB cMkdk |MMi •■ ITOO^ I 
Ask mLhAm VSMffil rfaG<«M 
«C Wc tk* MM wp^nd t J ! HI III ' IbMGRMU tl«»~L~3«) 





1 popular work coosisteil of hca<)» in 
kUad pencil, for «hich he ctmre"'! two 
KuiiMAH ajiiccn. Numfrouc tnnnRni at 
fashiooabh! McictT cinplnvnil him to malnt 
irmw'am of the Hind- t'lnnlly ho ooncen- 
lnU«d bu «ii«(cieB un dlchiiie in thr atjleot 
Rrmbnudl. lie used a i]r<,-utt(lt» with 
trMDCuUr poaal. lie copivd pom^ i>f Rem- 
ImndtV prinlc, noiong them lh« ariint'n nor- 
tlMiI of faimu'lf and thn hiindiTtiJ-gui'ldrTf 
ptatp. Tbo coMrj arr anid (a hnrn brcn 
unnctima midVkei) fur tho ciritn'"'^'^ ^^ 
ctrhin^ nftet Benbnuidl 'n jiurtrait of Sir 
JoLn Attli-T was ducribcd bv Walpuli' a< 
Woriidge*8 ■ b««t pieof.' 

Oao of WorLidg;*'* dio»t pivpiilar plates, 
althongli it vaanol of grrat artiitir vntne, 
depicted the inntaltalioii of ilie Karl of Went* 
morlBiid as chancellor of thn UQivrnity at 
tkeibt>a>nailiifordiu)7dl. Worlid^ n.- 
pNHBia himaelf iu the EHllcrf ou thv ri|;hl 
u the >ct of drawii^ th» «cMie with his 
fMOOnd)wifcberide)iiin. In th^cnrrm^pond- 
MBfg placaon tbo Infl-hnndaidi' of t.br< pintf' ia n 
portrait of lii«bri>U»^in-)nw,Ali!iiimU'r(irU 
nwldi. JIloatoflbcDunif-rou.ihc-adinDdliftiirni 
an podnita. A platv of tho bunl uf Ciorro 
ai Otfocd (Imouii as thi« Paattvt bunt) aUo 
cDJOjfd a vi'tin Torne. 

In April ITM n'orlldge C4tii>ed a IftiXP 
coiiretioii of hi* «orkt to be sohl hy public 
•nctioa. Ttii? prinloi) ralslnnuR horn tbn 
title, ■ A Collection of l^crurra painted 
\j Mr. Worlidgv ofCovml Itnrdcn, eonnat- 
iag at niMonti*, IIi<ud^ I.uudn-uiien, and 
DMd Oami), asd alw soiao Dnwiuzs-' The 
higlMct price fstdxid waa fi/. in«.tiij., which 
wa* nrcn for a ' Sn« head ' afin ICnmbrondt. 
In 1<8S lie teltlcd in Qrrnt CJucen Stnwt 
Id a large hoiue bmll by lni([<> Jonea. It 
■djoinfd ih» pr««nit. silt- at tlie Fi«tfiDa«oiui* 
Tat em- Tbepreiriouaoccupieni included Sir 
GodfrtT Knelm and Sir Jo«litia R^'jnoldfi. 
laltia uat yearn bo rpent much of his Icihom 
in a miiintrr bomv utiialixl in JUotfT*. Ken- 
nedy & L^iRh's ' nuriMy-jiroiintl' nt Iliiin- 
meramilh. Thrn- hi- dii>d on :^3>^i^t.. liUlt, 
and va* hflried iu Ilammerauiitli ('hun.'h. 
A plain marble slab, insc-ribed with ivrn^H 
byPr. William K^nrick [q.v.J, was plnced 
OB tbo wall of tha cfaureh ; it. i« now at the 
tnA md of tbo totith aisle. Mam ihnn (ix- 
tCKo ImnilrMl priab and mon than thirtrnn 
lumdKil dnwinn by Worlidjtc wmi sold b^ 
Langfocd in Maicti 17117 by urilcr of Iu* 
widow and raecutrii. 

Worlid^'i laM work waf • wriea of 18'^ 
•t«hnw* of mra* from the antique <thr«e aiv 
in duplint^ The wrian wa« published in 
paria, aonw cif which lenm lo have bonn iMiicd 
•• early aa 17t>l ; but ^Vorlidgc died before 



tbe wMh was completed. It woe fioisbed 

In- his pupile William {irinuUi (g. v.j and 

Qtargtt Pnwle, aud, beinK printed on satin, 

WM publi»hed far his widow in 1708 at the 

, price of eijthlrcn guiiHia* a copy. In itsori- 

■ ginat shaiic Ibe voliima borv (be title. ' A 

. select Collrction of Drawing from cimau 

I antique Otins, most of thaoii in the pQ»- 

' >Maion of the NobiUty^nd Centry of this 

Kinffdom, etched after the ntannn- of Rem< 

' braadt by T. Worlidge, printed by IJryden 

Lench f.ir M. Worlidge, Great (juwnHinwt, 

Ijnooln* Inn fields; and M. W'iekttMd, 

.Swtl-engTarcr BC Uatb, mLCCLIviii' (Svo). 

'^'— frontispiece, dated in \~'A, sbowa 



The 



Worli*^ drawing tbo I'omfrvt bust uf 
Cicero; behinil ou an uaael is a pct- 
Irait of bis aeconci wife, Mary. flo 
lutterprcaa waa included origtDally in tlie 
volume, but bntwaan I7i» and 1780 a ftw 
copies were issaed with Ivtterprusa. 
IToO a new edition in quarto, d«c«ptiTel' 
boarinit the origiuul date of I7W, appearoi 
witb lRtt«rnr«s« iu tiro Tolumc4 at Cm 
ftuineas each. The tllle-page omits dshh 
tiom of'M. Wi^kstned's ' name, but isotber- 
wiw n re{>licn of ib» fli^i. Somu of the old 
copper plules (lOS in all) wcn> reproduced ii 
'Antique Oeins, i-tclied by T. Wurlidife ou 
Coppi'r I'lntt's, ill ibu l'oMtM»ion of SbeAield 
(irncp, Kiri,,' l.au'Uin. 1K:J, 4to {priislelyl 
prinlinl). Churl.* Willitun KinR inhis* An- 
tiiiueOems'(l>^T:?, i. VVS) mya that Wor- 
lidge's plait", tboiiKli diiplayjug ineroiliblnj 
labour, arv often Infi-rior lo ihow of Kpils 
bnry in CHtcbmg ilie »piril of llit.< original] 
and ihfi dnfcriptions placed below contain 
ridiculous miKn><iu<TB. A* with idou of tb 
connoisiL-iirJ of I>i» day, Worlidge'a laatc^ 
wes not Biilliciontly eiliiCHted to enable biinl 
to distinguish a ge'uuine friMn a spurious on- 
tiqiie. 

Worlidge, who i* mid lo hnv« hw-n haud- 
Kimo in youth, wan extremely curpulfinl iu 
later life. lie waa hot -tempered, habituallr 
pmplovinjr •Irong lauttuoge. gluttonom, ani 
oflen drunk ; on one occuion a druukcn do- 
bauoh iu whieli ho took a proniinMIt part 
1a«l<^ lbrv>!ivhu1edaysand ni([hl«. Cari^J 
t^u in dre»B, he was rorkleeair extiST^Biil 
in moTi'^v matiim. ]«cterly be was a' 
martyr to the ^oiit, 

Worlidgn was tbrice married : first, to 
Arabella (*. 1*09), daughter of Alt-uandro 
GrinwIdHrf. 173l') ; she died bffofe 174B, 
The name of bit iwoond wife wns Marv. 
Ilemarried in 176;[ hijilbird wife, Klicabcib 
Wicksleed.a voung woman of great personidi 
ntiraciions, dau^liler of n lovmnn of DaUit i 
and apparently BiBler of a well-known «pal- 
engmviT there. .Shcoisiiind \VurlidgeinIii« 



•Wormald 



50 



Wormald 



nniitic work, Bud ninod a reputation for 
henclf \ty bur ilalT in cttvyiufi ^n'mtiagt 
in naodlcwurk- Aft*r Worlidgo's u«alb sIil' 
aUTi«i] on lbi> miI« uf his i-tcbin^ at )ii« 
koim ill Great Qii^eii Scrwl; but «be let 
tb«i raftiiKinri In ]tlr*. Darhy nnil hnr dnuglitpr, 
Marf Ilobinion ('I'crditn') fq- v.], on hir 
numagn tn a wino and iplrit rorrnhnDt 
luuntKl AnUley, wbo Lad bren one of ^Vlt- 
litlce'ii tntiuule frieudii. ^V'o^U')j{« in sui'I 
Ubsve bnil lhirl_i--IW[> uliildren by bU llin-r 
marriafj^, but only Tboiuaa. a eon by liit 
t.hird icirir, BilrrivKd bim. Tbieson niniricl, 
in 1T8T, I'hccbn, dn<i)(btr-r of Alm.iniiiir 
Orimaldi (1711 JfSOO); shn won buric-d in 
BunliiUFk-ldton 14 Jnn. I»L>9. Her h-i- 
bund mL|^l«d to tbe Wmt Indies in ITl'lJ. 
Iti Mnrcb IS'26 ba was again iu Luiidun.aiiJ 
whi!i> •unplnyod a* cotnp«witor in ch^ offiw of 
thn ' Morning Adverliipr' wns titint tn pri- 
Run for an AMault. Ili* fntbcr dttiw a 
porlrai'. uf bim, irhieli bonr tha titl» 'A 
Bov'« I lend,' 

WorlidKD draw a pvncil purtrail uf bim- 
aeir, wbii-li M iwprodDueu in Walpolu'd 
'AnAcdotss' (eel. Wornum). 

iManj mmnplcs of Worlidgo'n drawing 
nnd olchingt nru in tbi> Dritieb Miii"'Um 
priiit-rootn. 'I'hiini 1* nUn Ibnft' a pricud 
cntBluRue of a Mlectioii of bii ctcbinjii. 

[XdIm nupplied W ibo RcT. A. B. Orinald!: 
Slaivy Grimnldi'i MincolUnvoui Wr>tin{[]i, td. 
A. H. Qriiiiiildi, lS8t, ir. 6a»; W]ilpal*'i 
AnMdotM of I^(illtill^. eil. U'ornum. ii. 
XSi cq., wiib port rail : Gpnt. Mug. 17CA: 
Pu«airN Anordniua ; StriiuV Diet, of KngrHvvra; 
JVviiir* I)ipt. uf ArliiitB.) 

WORMALD. 'mOMAS (1802-187S). 
•aitpton, bom at l^ntnnviiln in .fttniinn- 
160i, WB» ran of John Wofronld, n partner 
in MpMia, Ctuld'i bank, and of t'onny. Iii* 
wifi!. Hv WB8 I'ducaivd ni tlii: ^{ninimur 
ffihool of Italtey in Yorksliire, and afli-r- 
wardsbv W. lleald, Ticar uf Uir»InI. He 
retumnJ 111 I.oiidnn in 18l!<, nnil wan tbnii 
appnmtimd to John AUmplby [ij. v.', tlin 
BurgeuDloSl. HiirtlinloiDcw'i; Ilospitnl. Hi* 
muter aoon i-mployed lilm to ronko prepam- 
tlons for lii« lt-ttun.-f.tu icacb ihu iuuior >tii> 
denls, and to aaiut Edward Stanlcry ( ITdS- 
1863) [il-i'-ji tlie di'iuuufttrutor of auutoin^ 
in the moilicnt wbool, io nrMLTTing speci- 
meiM for llin rathnlogirni Miisenni. Yet 
Wormald found tiiun diiritii^ hia nppntnlior- 
ahip (o viiit i.he conlini-ntnl ncbnoU. 

He wiu ndmilti'd a mcmbiT of tlic I'oyal 
OoUegO uf r>un;L-oua uf Eni-land iu IS^l, 
knd Aboratrlby, wbu waa at this limu cou- 
tMDplat.ing tho reaignatjon of hid l««lurMbip 
upon anatomy, mode nmngvments for 
Wormald ta wcoma tlis demomtnior of 





anatomy in place of SlAcley, wbo wat I 
pnnuolRl to ibo li-ciureabip. But wheal 
tiui« arritW for inukins tbe appoisUnnit 
Frederic Carpvulvr SkeyTq. *'•]'<'•« elMtad 
demonstrator.andinOctobrrlSSi WonnaU 
wn* noRiinal«d liouM.«argooa to (Sir) Wit* 
linm l.awrcRCi' 'q.r.],Uien iwirly nppvuitoil 
supRpon to SI. Bartbolomi^w'a Ifopila). In_ 
i'*2ii Wormiilil wan appuiulvd jointly will 
SliL'y Io givt> the anatomical d«moiut 
nnd ill l(^'^,whi>uSk«v temporsritf 1«ttl 
li'iHpiwI tnjoin the AluengBto Strc«ti 
rif iiinliriiK', Worm Aid corn iauL-d to act 
sold lUmonatralnr, a ponilion lut bcid 
fiVicpn ynnrn. Ho wa» pIcTttil aiaistont sur-" 
fft'iintnSl.Barlbnlumvw'alloipitiiloa IS Feb. 
li*3ti, but ii WON not until 3 Anril [801 ib^H 
bs bccatne full surgeon to tbe (Parity- I^<H^| 
years later, on April 18(17, ho had t«»cb*a^^ 
ihea^of nixiy-flvn. nt wliicbtbahaapilAl r^ 
gntaltona r.ciinponivl bimtorMittn omco. Rn 
wan appoinli-d coti»u!tin([ Burawm. and r*- 
tlrud to hit country houie in Hi-nford*hi«.^ 

At tbu Fouiidlinj; Hoapital hi> iras aa 
g«^on from 1^13 to ldC4, and lits tirrric 
w«i« fto highly depreciated that be «Ml 
clK«en B jtovem'ir in 1817. At tho Itoyat^ 
Colipp' of Surpion« of KnjflBnd WonnJiU 
hfld all llin imporinnt oHicrai. BlMted 
fellow in IRIS, hi? wm h member of tb 
couni^i), 181U~B7 : Hanti-rian orator in I6&7j| 
Aicaininec lti68~€8. aud cbvnaan of tb 
mldwifi*ry bunrd iu ISltl. Tie W8» tt Tic»>| 
prwideiirin ld(KM,andh«waaGlactcdprB»>' 
dpnt in ISfi.'.. 

llr^ didd at (inmtTutl in Yorksliire, dunnf 
a viKil, on S8 l)«o.. 1873, and in buried tit 
lliKhtratc cemetery. He married FnneM 
Meacock in September l!^'.!8. and by her hid 
eijibi children. 

Wonnald was thij Iwt of tho npjirmlio 
of John Abi^me'lhy, nnd at bin doitti thai* 
link wa* snapppd which connected St. lla^' 
tbolomew'a Iloipiinl with Huntenui tiur> 
ffery. A« a teacher of Bui^cal unatoisy 
Wonnald hoa seldom bwn surpaasedi «a a 
lurgeun ht was a perfect aMistanl-, vhil«kia 
mecliaiiicul genius ensblvd him 10 cic«l in 
the ma nipuU tire part ■ ofbii art. IIia«ni> 
gic^l (eaciiing wiu 'iridlyclinicaL llcitU 
a pertinent and rr-ndy public ipeaker. 

Wormald puUi*h(Hl (with A.M. McWbiR- 
nic) ' A Snricjt of Anitomical Sketchea imA 
Diugrnnii wilb Ut-iK-'ript ions and ItefemtCM,* 
London, 18SS, Ito ; reiMiied in 1^43, TbeM 
!-kL'leheij form one of the bMt aerita of ana* 
lomieal plates iMiiedforthflnnoof stndpaiJi. 
Tliev are trne tn nature and are not 0TBr> 
loadml with ilfrtaiL 

[Memoir by Luther ftoldM, e^., PJi-CS. 
Enjl.. in Ibo St. DanbelMaetr'a Uoipital Re- 



r*- 
da 



m 



i 




Wornum 



3» 



Wornum 



1874, Tol. %.; ■ddiiioMl &*U kindtjr 
bj (b* Ula P. n. VTonuli], «^., and I7 

ibcrt Qnj, Mq., Imnnw of tb* FoqiuIIidji 
nof^oO.] OX F. 

WOKHUU, RALPH NICHOLSON 
(18I3-I'*T'7), »rt critic ukl i{^e|«r of Um 
X*tioiMl G»ll*Tj-, tha »on of Ilolwn Wor- 
DDm (17St>-1tkU), airfTlLknoirB pianoforte 
nukor of Stan SUrrt, Itrdfnnl Square, Biul 
ifiTVDtat of the now tiniT«Tsallir uiH<d nprifbt 
■etioa for tUr piaoDlurtu, was Ixnaal Tbora- 
ton, near X'»-liaui,X'>rlbDurlinia,oii'.'9 Dm. 
IHIi!. Hariog stailiei) »i the IxtDilaa Vol- 
vmilj (VniTTmin CnWeKt) 'w 1632, ba «■»« 
Id hara rc«d for ttio bar, but h* toon aban- 
ijonad tbp U«r, att«nd«i tlu.-*ladioof IJetirv 
Sw>fi|. r/. Olid in 1^1 went •broail, api-nii- 

gAcri«»ofMuuicli,Dt««d«ii, Room, Florence, . 
*bA Plaris. At tlie clow of 1839h«»#lttad in 
LoMdcm a« a portrait-paiDter, but ilom not ap> 
pi«r lohavrnxbibiudal tlicIEoyal AcndRRiT, 
ihouffh he woa Iiunoumblv mentioned In the 
WcsUniiuict Uall cartoon compctiivan of 
1810. In It^lO ami uDwardi hi- roiilribuWd 
to tb* ■ Veaa^r Cj«lop>cdia,' and in l^ll to 
Smitb'* 'DicitoiuryurGn-eliaiMlItoniDD An- 
liquiiin' (in which be funii«bed the valuablfl 
artida 'FictDra^wbilobealMwnXaforthc 
•bortivo ' Hiagrijiliical IKoiioitarv'of ibuSo- 
ciotj for ibc l>iSusicin of I'lcful Knowled;^. 
In IWJ he brgan wOTking for Ibe 'Art 
Jounial,' aud. having dnwn alt cnliun to tho 
ttboneoBungs of lb« Xatioaal Gullnr cata- 
lo^UMlWit iNciKuluion,hewa«anthoriKd 
hf Sir Bob«t Pwl to eorapib an oiflkial eala- 
lo^e. 'rtuM appoarad in 1847, and ktvucI oh 
'a DiodellbrauBilar publicatiooathiuu^hout 
Eitrfpe.' In 1(^18 nomum wan apjioiuTed 
Iscturvr on art to Ibe govvnimvut •i;liou1s of 
dMign, and in tluecauaciifdeliverod lectnrM 
ID th«cUiof lowBt of Knglanil,b«wide« iaauinc 
an enll^tetmd ' lutHy upon the Schoob ni 
D**^ la I-'mneir.' In iK^l bo vim awarded 
tbo prise of a baadrod ruinoaa ol!«rml by 
the ' An Juumat ' for ibe bmA OMav on ' Thv 
Eiliibition of 1^1 as a Loeaon In Tut?.' 
NexC jear be wa« appointed librarian and 
bx^ of c«kU to tbe Khooli of dMifo, ibcn 
undiT tbn diroctlon of tlio boaid m trade. 
In U(«enil)HrlBMh*wa«GlKi«eaaa*uecaMor 
to Oencral Tbwaile* nt kcnpvr uf lh« Nn- 
tional Oallorjr and aodralary to tb« triutow, 
■poa Um rMOtnneniUtMm of Sir Charl*^ 
&Mlak« (t«e Atiftu—m, 30 D«c. 1A.V4 and 
6Jaa. IS.V1). Thp appointment of Womom 
was tali«D a* an niinury of rvform in tin' 
adniiniitnition of <be Nntinnnl (inlli-rv. 
Hit belt o tbn office hnd berolittlf mori'ihati 
a linactirp, and bad bcmi held at tho ■naall 
attoTf of ICOif. a year with ntUmte. The 



datiaiW«f«fow,boiti|tiiuiiilj'c]('ncal. Woi^- 
iiiim'a 'whola time and knuirlcdgv wcro 
now Mcnrcd for tiiw public.' and tbs lainj 
raiaed to 800/. a year (kv Gett. Mag. 18SS, 
i. 168). Eaatlake himself wac arooinl«d di- 
rector of tbe gallery in Uaivb I8S6, and Ui 
tho fbllflirin^ Jul,v vere iMUod trMMuy 
minnte* ontirclr terotutiiltitiBg the admiof- 
■traiion of Uua Ivaach of Iha piihlie aervion. 

In tbo tame ]raar (It^iui WumiuD cditnd 
aail pnolitally rewrutea ■ Biut^gibicalCat*- 
Wo« "f 1^ Principal Ilaliaii I'aiiiteni.' ■ br 
a UdT'(Mflrin l-'anjulior), while in 1»^ bo 
roQtributed the 'Ijres'of natire anitita to 
CrciuTs ' Uritiib Hmpir*^' (l^ondoD, SroV 
In )>«jO-l Wumuutru chiefly iiutmnwntal 
in getting the TurTutr oiUecliona, which had 
boen b*iush«d flrsc 10 Marlborough Omim, 
and Uiaa to South Kommc^ou (IMO-eO), 
rMtond to their place in the National 
Oaltcry, in aeeordanco with tbe tetuis of tbo 
artinl's bequisit. During 18S1 ha edited, in 
a aumplouus folio, willi a ' •eaiihlo and jndi- 
eiov* ' awnioir aod noien, ' Tho Turner Oal- 
lecy,' forniia; a m-nc of sixty enffravinn. 
Tlionibnry, in bit 'Life of Turner' (I*^). 
piuuejl mina diMMtagfin^ ivniarhs uj>uu Wor- 
num ; biiiuiti neat ion i» adopting this toao 
wai warmly comhaUd in on abla article ia 
lh« ■ Quarterly '(April 1882). in which Wor- 
num's work waa conunended. In the intro- 
duction to the 'Turner Gallery' Womam 
pleaded oloquenllyforaneDlar^tnentof tho 
Tmialgar Square galleri^, which were quite 
iiuiJoquBto to contain the 'i!t pictiue* then 
bclongingtothonntirin. ![■■ nUo dewecated 
ibeaepantliuu uf thepictutr-jbr native fn>ni 
lluue Dy fureiffu arlUts. Tho 1h!eI of Wor- 
nura'a eneigie* were devoted lo tboimpronw 
oinnt and development of the Naiiooal Oal- 
Inry. fin died nt his rcxideDtv, iO BcIhIiu 
Sqnare, South IlntnTiatead, on 11 D«. 187", 
lenvini; a widow ana a laj^p; fscnily. 

Woruum's chief MMmtr pu bl ical loou were: 
1. ' The Epooha of Paint ioir: a biotmtphical 
and crlticu EMay on PttiutiiiE ntid I'nmiera 
of nil TliDM Hnd manr Placm,' Loudon, 1847, 
13mo; enloi^od, Wi9 and l^f^-l. Thin waa 
dedicntcd by Wornum to the memory ofbia 
(sther. Appended to tho Iat4T ediliODs it 
' a table of^tbc eonlributioiu of Mma of the 
■■ore eminent painter* to the exbibiiionn of 
tlie Boyal Academy.' This w«i torgelr 
adopted a* a tcit-bnok for art school examn 
nation*. 3. 'Annlytix of Ornament: Ibe 
('liarnctcriilic* of Style and Introduction to 
thoStudyof theHixtoryof Omnmental Art,' 
l,aodon. leM; 8U1 edit. 1693. 3. 'Some 
Aoconnt of the Life and Work* of Hana 
TTolbein, rainier, of Aitcsburtr, with numo- 
rous illuflroiioiis,' I861, l&t^ t^tu, Ap- 




Worsdale 



3» 



W'orsley 



pftinW to thin fxcrllfint hingrnjiliir.iil ncd 
critirnl W(irk(dL'(lknliHl 'To my fritud. Johii 
Itiiikiu') u a v&tunlilc cutnluguu of uortraila 
Atid draw ill Ks by Il(>llj>'iii al Wuid«or. 
■1. 'Sftul of Tar»iiti; or I'uiil and 8w«dcn- 
borg. IJy a I,ayinoii,' l>ntidc>ti, 1877, Svo. 
Woroiim had la-irn a, m-'inlxir of ihn New 
Cliurch, tbo;i((li ni a ' non-«npnrali>t' lio ^l^- 
inainod in niimtniiiiioti with tbo church uf 
Eiigliiiid. tu this book he i-sproBod very 
■1ruii|;ly tlu? aotioii of coiillict bt>tiiti.'Hii tho 
tvacliiiij; <i( Chiiit Biid thi! iheolui'v uf Si. 
I'mil, 

In addition to the nlmve works Wnrniim 
l>diE«(l * I*nlur(>« on l'«inting' [by Karry, 
Of)!", and I''ii«di"|, 184S, S»c>, fiir the'Bohn" 
Library; \Vn^>olu» ' Aowdotcs of I'ninting 
in Enjt'iuid,' with cojiious uolcs and tmi-udB- 
tiuns, Luiiduu, 1^9, SvoLt. (a revi^i'd edi- 
ligu uf lliia, which aupeanid iu 1^18^, i» now 
ihii standard) ; 'The Notional Gnlleryi'ase- 
loclion nf pictiirtM byihi- nid imuton, pboto- 
graphi^d by !<■ Caldu*i ("'i'b niinotntions), 
JjondoQ. 140&-73, foL; ' Etcbinea from tha 
KatioDul Utdlen, 16 pUU's, with uotev, two 
•cries, leTtt-S, fol. 

[OoQt, Map. 1852 iL M; Timw. IB and 
10 Di'c. 1877 ; Art Jtniroal, 1878. p- 74; Atho- 
uviim, IS77, ii. 82S; Knuli>)i (.>L-tii[itiMli;i: Mim 
of tho Biign : Bryairi Uicl. uf I'Hiulunaud Eu- 
gnier*. ii. '3li ; Cnt. of KoBltoks Lilirnry ttt 
JJilionnl Oallorv-l T. S. 

WORSDaIe. JAMKS (lf!B3?-i:67), 
port rHil-[>iuiilcr, bom niKiiit IflDi?, waa tlio 
son of a poor rolnur-([rindcr. He wan on- 
gBRpd 113 a H!rvaiii. to Sir (.JodfrL-y Knuller, 
nni lubni^ui^nllv bvi-uioi- hi* augirniticu, 
hut wiu dismitoHil for dUrrvtititioiiBly luurry- 
iog Lady Kai-lli<r'!i iiiofi>. In laiiTiitaus fie 
clainind to b« a natural fioii of Sir Godfrey. 
Thoiifih iiOMivwiid of litt.lo artistic obility, 
Worsduli; obtniimd a coiisidrrablL' nmounl 
uf jiiitrutinf;!? as a puitrail-puiiitcr, und wai 
uppjiiitud iuasl!?r-paiul(^r Iu ihv bunrd of 
urduuiie'?. his buccihps b<^iiig dui? uiHiuly Iu 
hi« amiisini; eonv'THSiion and clpver wtig- 
iitg and aeiiiiK- His porirnita of PrincoM 
I^iiisn, t^ir John Lignninr, tlin Oukn of 
Di-Toniihirw, ' IJnau' Nosb, and ntlior pcmona 
of mark, v/ctv cii^^vcil bv Brooks, liock- 
man, and Kabi-r. Worsjalo was much 
MK>oiatt->d with ihu >>iagt>, both in Loudon 
and Dublin, and fur a lime belonged to a 
Uavelling compauy. T» li'i^ be acted st 
Dfiaj L&ne the part of Laily IVntwoaila 
i» Foolo's comedy ■'i'twlc' lii- wn» pro* 
fcModljr the niitlior of a numbiir of sontpi, 
play*, and opunu, but these awm Iu havu 
oevti chit-fly the work of olLer*— needy 
wTit«r« whom he exploited. Lsetitia I'll- 
kington [q. v.], wha vn» one of these, do- 



tlrcm^H 




si^nU:* him in her ' Momoim ' in cxlrcmi 
unrompliiDirntary lcnn«; and Vcrtne ame\ 
that he pushed liiawrlf into notoriety aoUly 
by his nrtful <rpyi and ' ahiinudaM tnoniil^ 
banh lita.' Worsdale dii^ on 11 Juno 1767^ 
aikd w&a buried in St. Paul'*, Covmii f>: 
den. A portrait of him, painted by R. 
Viat; w«ji vngravod by IJickinson, with tli 
motto ' Itidrndo dtcf^m Tcrum.' Tho dim- 
malic works ascribisl to Worsdale ue: 
1. 'A Cure tor a t«cold,' a ballad upvn or 
faroe takL'ii from tbc ' Tamiuf* of thrShrow,* 
1730 (acl«d Bt DiTiry Laue i'l Feb. ]73\ 
and at CoTvtitGardea27 March and 36 April 
17An). 2. 'llio AMnnbly/n farm in which 
ho himself played lbi> part of Ididr Scsndal. 
S. -Tho <Jm*«n of Spain," 17JI.' 4. 'The 
Kutrat-oi^ant JuBtice. a. 'tiwconado lli» 
Great,' 1769. Of these only tlw firt* and 
Usl weTB printed. 

[WalpoIuV Ao'cdalM (Dntlaway asd War. 
duid) 1 Vvrtna'a eoUwIinnn ia Bnl. Muv Addii. 
MS. 23078. 1 37 ; Moniairs of LXiun Filliic^ 
ton. l7IS-A4:C<>alEr'»M<.'liioiraDfSiiDiMlFo(ilaj' 
Ekkor'" llL<i);r«|ibtH l)raniHtica: C)is1iiii«r!^aiitli' 
Briiiiih Mntutinto {"urtrsit^i U^Drat's Uitt. Ai 
count, iiL iU.\ I'. 31. 0'1>. 

W0E8LET. CHARLES (1622-li 
niajur-gen<^ral,-b(im iiu SI Jun« 16£i, wtf 
tbi.- eldenl fron of Itulph Wonley of Pbtl, 
Mancbest'-r, by Isabel, daughter of Ed<rad 
Masaey of Manche«t»r, and widow of Alei- 
andpr Ford of Wtiran (BooKKH, Aticitiit 
Chapfl of iliivA.f. SS; Court Lett ReeorJi 
o/ManckcAlcr.iv. 117). Woniioy was % c«^ 
tixin in siimL- rv^iment of Laucashin: p«ili: 
mcntarluji»iulfi44,but hii early (uiJiTAiy 
vices are not tvcordwl tBoostB, p. 39). 
i\ June lfi5fl pnrlinmv'nt Tol>'d Ibat ■ 
meni of font should bn raised in LAncMbln 
for Cromwell nndcriuchofficers a* be ■famdd 
bn plcosod to appoint. Of this rejpacrt 
Wurslev bc'vauiQ licutt^nant-culoutd (Qa- 
moiu JoarnaU, iv, Ji8 ; Cat. Sl4>tt Paptrt, 
Doui. 1660. p. 3(W), He jtiinfd Ctomweir* 
aniiynith it nt Edinbiirehon 1 2 Sept, 18S<\ 
juni after ibnbniiln of Uiknbnr (IbiuKKR, p. 
37), In .\iiRUst llifil, when Crorawi-11 rr- 
turncKl to Jinglnnd in pursuit of Chule* I, 
WorsU-y wbj si^nt iuto lAncaahire to MBal 
Culoncl Itubi-rt Lilbuni? a^in»t Jamet 9laii- 
loy, sevuuthi'Hrlof Derby [q. v.], but arrlTtd 
loo late to take part in the victoir al 
Wivan (OiBT, MrmariaU of tht Cirii Wax, 
ii.^R,.1M; I.i/r of Captain J<Ah Ifodjpm. 
1882, p. 47). ^Vor^Iey ww not at tki- 
bnttli) of WoTcvatef, but the regiiDiuit ir»> 
em|i1uyi!il under Colonel Duckeufield in thr 
reduction of tbe Isle of Alan. At the 
clow of Ittc:; tUo legimcat iraa slatkmd 



i 




ia Lond'Mi, boi^c i)U*tt«red U St. Judpi'h 

tOU. State I'Uprri. Dom,, 1651 a p. 3.)!', 
Ki'3 p. «jO). AVonJpjf commanJi-J ilic 
OeUcluacul '>f it vibich CrumncU qiuiiIuj'hI 
in Uie vipulAiofl oi tbe 1..0(ig Mrtamitul 
(:» April iaS»}, Ulped Co1on«l HaniioD 
to put AWtnon Sidnojr [q. t.] oiil or iho 
botun. Mid took tbe maeo into hi* own 
cbmrgB (Blcxcowh, ^iu^ Pajien, p. 140; 
Commmu' J-mmott, riJ. ^81'). la l«5-l 
Wonl«y was irlucd^d Ibu Ent mirmber fur 
H»DclM«t«r (Booker, p. 41). lu Uctobar 
10&9 h« wu Rfipointna 'wo of ihu mnjoi^ 
mntnli uuliutod by the IVotiict'ir, hnTing 
I^imdiire, CliMhire, and Sutfurdiihim n* 
hi* pruvmce (Oi/. .Wo/* faptn, Uuin. IfiSR, 
pp. ST6, 3r»). WonJry wan cxlremely 
■mIoim in CBn7iiig out liU iuatructiuDK. 
*neMfiMofi]i«iTork,aiiilu}' uuitofUiut'MB 
ud inaiiEBcimcj' U to the ri^ht muuge- 
nvnt of it, in my only prtmnt dimouncv- 
awnt,' he wrote to Thartoo ; nnd in anotAer 
Icltar be prafisied to obcerre ' a viiible bntid 
of Ood gdnag aloaK with ue in thi* mrk' 
(Thtoab, JSbrfe i^fuprv, ir. 149, UO). No 
ome uiiprwaed nKiie aleboiun or wu more 
*«ti*« in aeqamtorii^ toyaliste, preTeDtiug 
horae-rBCM, aiul cflnyinfc on lbs work of r«- 
ftnmatMO. Worsh^ died ot St. James** on 
19 Jnne I6&6, bkving been >ammoticd to 
Leodon to i«ke pkit in ■ mociinir of Iho 
Bi^or-^anraU. lie w-iu buried tlie next 
day w)lh jpvfti jtonip ia Henrj- VII's 
cbapol ia Wentmiiuter Ablioy. IHs naiue 
doee not npiicar in the lint of burial* in tli« 
abbey regiiier, md, thonki to thi( omiwion 
or to eonie other eocident, hi* body wu nnt 
diMlcrred at tbe Reetorstian. During a 
anreh for the bodyof JemM I tbe corpaeof 
• tell DM wM fonnd io Ili'ti^ VI['« cn&pel, 
which Dwn SirhW bfllieTed in be lb»t of 
WomUy (J^nlMbr Intflligractr, 9-llJ June 
16M; CuuniX, WalmiHilfr llfyUlfri,n^ x, 
GSl; S»XL£T, Wettmmiter Abbey, 3rd od. 

Thurloe deacribra Woreley as ' u very KrueC 
loee' both to tbe Protwtor and ibe nutiuu, 
be ' having been a niott (rii»ty and diligent 
naa' {State Paper*, v. 122), A portrait 
BOW at Iloll Uall, i« uurrainrd in HookerV 
*Hietorv ol tbu .\nciont Chapel of Rirch.' 

WotaleT waa twice murried ; Got, oo 
18 Sept. 1IM4, to Mary, daugbler of John 
BomJi of &lei)clieM«r (she dii^d on I Aoril 
Iftte^i Moondly, oa60n.l6>U,io DorotJiy, 
duigntcr of Roffor Konyon of Park Ilead, 
WboUey. By EU fir*t tnnninM be bod b 
■OB Ralph and two dna^htttrs ; by hitt aecond 
tnarTJage a Mn ChaiW, bom 9 July IBTiS, 
and two o<h«-r children who died young 

(BooKKB, pp. 39, 3S, my. 



In rMonitioa of Wocsler'e ■srvtcM I 
council of Uai« ordetvd a lease of 
wonli ion/, per anuuiu to be auttled on hie 
family, and n ynar'e ealary as major-gtneral, 
being 600/. IS*, id., to tw paid to the widow 
(tW. Stalt Paper*. Uoat. 1868-7. pp. 28, 97, 
171, 109, tiO, -jm). In 1&59 hw wid 
married Lieutenant-colonel Wnldinn 
of Klancbi-eler, und «ome of her Ictim are 
among l^rd Keuvon's mauuHripti (UUt. 
MSS. Cmhm. Nih'ltep. pt. iv.) 

[LirM of Wureley are roDlained in Bookra'e 
RiiloTj nf tlie Aar^ient Chnpcl of Birch, IBtV^ 
(Chrthiim Soc. Tol. iliii.). aa>l id B>[diMaeA| 
Lanco^ii* Wontiin, 1H74, 1. bll-IM. Aba 
thirty or fain tell trv nre prinlnl in TburWa Sll 
Pnpcm. Tol». iT-Y.) C- H. F. 

W0R8LEY, EDWARD {I00HO76), 
ieeiiit, bom in l^nnciuihire in 160G, ia *aid to 
have been an Oxford iiiud«nt end a pro- 
toetantniniiter, but hiituune does not occur ' 
in tbe recorde of that luuTcnity. lie en-l 
tered tbe Society of Jeeua on 7 Kept. 1(139.1 
Having repealed hia studiee at tbe collt^] 
of U&", he wan made proGnaor of pbilo* 
•Ophy, logic, nnd wcred scripture. Ue waa 
profeaMd of thn four vowa on SO Sept. I(M1, 
andinl666hawa*aiDiwioneriiiI.ODdon. lla 
waa declared rector of the eoUtgo oc I<ite«1 
on 31 Oct. I6C8. In 16U3 ho waa acUng t»\ 
Englitti tirociirator and miBUOtnO' at the Pi 
feeud Tloii«e, Antwerp, where lie died 
3 Sept. Ii^R, Dged teventy-one. lie 
' n^rdod bnth by hi* own cODununity 
hy vxlemi a* on amclD alike of talent, in- 
duniry, IcamJag, and prudence' (Fniay, A>- 
ettrdt. iv. 6ll7). 

Subjoined I* a Itat of bis worki, which 
ware all piibliebed under tbe iuiliuU ' H. W.' 
1. ■TrulL will out; or a DJacouery of Mnio 
trotruthi, •monthly told by Dr. Jeremr 
Taylnr in his UiMiiaaioo from Popery; with 
an Anawer to *ueb ArRumcni* a* deeerrai 
Anawur.' lOCC, 4to, 'i. ' IVilcstancy with-1 
out PrincijileB ; or HecturieH unhappy Fall 
frum Infallibility to Fancy,' Antwer]), 1063, 
4to. At the eiio are ' A f^w Noteo upon Mr. 
POoln'e Appendix ngnintt Coploin hvotord' 
[mic1*o(i;,b,M»ttiikwI Tho book ieiu replT. 
to Hnlllw'w I'oolus 'Nullity of tbi- Romisbl 
Faith'andBiiihupStillingllueta 'Account of 
tbe ProteatH»t Religion.' 3. ' Reoeun and Itn- 
ligiou; orihe certain Rule ofPaith.wberc the 
Infallibility of the Roman CatholiokChuTck] 
is HMertodagainft Alhci*t£, Heatheiu, Jewe«, 
Turk*, and all Soctariea. With a refutation 
of Mr. i^tiUingAeet'e mnnr groBii i.irroni,' 
Antwerp. 11!"^, Ito. 4. 'TTic Infallibility 
of tV- Itoiniku Cathulick Church and bee 
Minvclea defended againet Or. Sliltingflenla | 

s 



Cavils.' Antwerp, 1671, ■,' vols. H«o. In the 
WCOud ToluDl« lh<> niillior inaintninii tha 
irulb ot llio Eniiaf^ilDUi trftc»1ntia«i of ibu 
bcuMOf [•arnto. 5. 'A hiivovTMTof Minicles 
vionglit ill tlif KuRiiui CatlnilifkClivrch,cir 
a full I{«fiLtBliaii of I>r. Sulliii^Umls unjusl 
Bxcppliotisa^iiislMintcloB,' AiilTTorp, 167<!, 
8to. U. ' Auii-Goliiitli, or »a Kpiailo In Mr. 
[Daaicl] Breiint.cnntaiiiTii^ <^)in« lERfloctionit 
upon hu Snul nnd Samuel at l-Uidnr,' 1S76, 
8vo, pp. A9 : n postliiimous work. 

[Dd Itiwk^r ■ Bibl. do In Campimnie da J^i ; 
Pcidd'i Cliureli Hitt,. til. lU: Floni* .Anjtio- 
Baranen*. jj. 68; Womln Ailmu*. ii. ti'3j 
Polojr'* RMorJ*. Tii.BSS ; Jono)'« I'optrrTrifU. 
t.|>. 310. aai, Ml, 8S0. 4HA; Oliiert Jcuil Cci- 

[*0tiuD8, |l. 33T; SoUthKllU'H Ittlll. Six-. Jwil, ]1. 

I8S.) T. C. 

WOBSLEY, Sin IIKXIIY (ITBS-Iftil), 
msjor-Mn^nl, born on 20 Jan. 1'6R ai 
Appuldiirtnmb in iht- Ulct of Wigbt. win 
tbn Moond Hon of Fraiif i* Worsley. rotlor of 
Chale in lli!> lale uf Wight, bv lihtnife Aniic, 
dauslittrrof IlenrvRobvrt^of Standeu in the 
Bttuc inland. Ill June I7d0 h« •inlH)rh»d for 
Bengal an ah 'infniiir^'Citdnt, nnd in .Innunry 
1781 be l.indi'i] in Madnu to taki^ nu-t inthi- 
dof«nc(i nf fnft Sr, l!oor|te, wbiatt wm Ik-- 
■itffod hy Unidar Ali. ArririnK in Bungiil 
in April, bi> waa proinuted eafngn uud lieii- 
tmanl in llic counta of the y^x, and joined 
the iai EuropvaD rr(>iinpnt nt Cawnpiir. 
!■ 1783 ha Rorred wilb tha -lOtb rcgiinont 
ofMpoys in ri>dui?ini[ Cliait BiiiHb'ii tcirl* in 
tbe HMgbboiirhood i»l' I!niian.->. In tlii! ful- 
lowmg yrar lie was ap|ii}iii(ei.t adjulunt, and 
•en-cdwith ihi- Ist buttalion of liw r^imeTit 
B^inst in(>urg>^iit4 in the Kuiniiir llilU. In 
li85 tbi' ri-iriru«>at waa diebandnd in cnnmt- 
qu«>nce of iTtH p)R«re) pWKR, nnd \Vot>1cj 
WW appointed to tlir Sih rpffiinciit of ■upoy*. 
Early in I7S9 he umbarked wiih a dctaoli* 
ment of Tnluntri'r »i!poyiii for KervicH in 
Samntire, On ilieir retnni in December the 
olSoere and in<^n were hnnoiirpd with tlio 
MMfcial approbation and tknnkii of Lord 
Comrenlli". 

TowartU the elonn of 1T91 Worslt-y volim- 
lewpd foriK-fvipfin ihf MvBon-war.anJw-iu 
appointed to tlio 7lb battulion uf Ben|;iil 
Mpity*. llu took part with ibu cent rv column 
in thf night attiu.'h on Tipii'a forliBed camp 
under tlip w«ll* i>r .S.^rinpapntam on 8 Feb. 
179!2,andiaih" iiib<iv|iii'nt(ipi!mtioni<n^inat 
that town. In the following yrnr hnwiui «•- 
•ppointful lA t!ii^ S2ti4 butialion, uud by tlu- 
rvgulationi of 17iW 7 he was pusti.'d to tin- 
l«t native infantry, n-ct-ivins the brevet mnk 
ofcaplain. Dunns » vi»ii to Eiirwpehe was 

fromolcnj captuin-liiiulenanl and captain on 
\ov. I'^i*, >iud was povtod a# captain to the 




l.^ih Dative isfiuttty, which he joined 
1601. At tha eloM of Hia y«ar and du 
IWJ he wai employed in commaod of ^ __ _ 
uf the fint bntialionintmnquiUisingthedia- 
trii^tii oMled by Ihe uawib of Oudh. On 
4 ik-pi. IdOe he fousht at Ali^^rb, and on 

I I S>rpt. be coranianilo'd liiii bai.ialioQ at tbf 
battle of IVIhi. Iln 10 Oct. he a^ain con- 
inondul bin baltalion in the attack mada on 
the onemy'i infantry mid gnas uadcrtbc walla 
of A([m. when be received lb« tbaak* of the 
ooninauder-in-chief. Lord LaJie, in ^neral 
ordm. U» also led it at tbe battle of 
l.a«wiri OB I Not. Id 1804 he joined tfaa 
21«t oniim infantry, and om 31 A^ft. waa 
promotnl to n majority. In eommand uf a 
detacbmunt be dvared ibe [>oab of Holkai'* 
troops, wbioh had overrun it after Motuou'a 
revenu fxee MoxsoK, 'Wlu.lkll], and oo^ 
cupi(>l tii« city of Mulira, wbera Im wu 
emplnveil in proleclin^ iIia cmnmutiicttiDii 
of LnliR* army. Without Hicnttlic ami 
nnoe he conalriict«d a bridjcc of boats ova 
iheJumnaat Mutlni, which proved of j 
Ude to the Engbsh furcr. Lake 
appivejated Worstey'a kervicvs, and obtain 
fur liim tliepoal of deputy adjatant^eaenJ. 
Knrly in 1808 he auccaodod to tb« offic* of 
adjiitant^nfiral with tba oflirial rank of 
liouti^nant-cc^onoL On S9 Nov. )80(( bo 
attuned the refjimentul rank of lieniriiout- 
cotunel, but in the beginning of l^lU ill- 
health compelled him to rvtig^i bia offico, 
and in 181 1 he nroceeiled to Kiirope on tat- 
Iniigh. In ItiVA he occoplvd tba poat of 
principal privato Hwrntary to tha fonraoP- 
genernl, Franda llawdon ILulinn, ««and 
eurl uf Moira (and afterwanla Manqnia of 
Uuetings) [q. v.] Sis health conipeUcd 
liiui to rexi^ this post almoat immedialelji 
biu in ISIS be mlunied to India, and Moin 
nt onfi]' appoinleil him militari' secretarf. 

III a few montha bo wni obliged to trmgn 
fmm the some cauie an birlonr, and joined £ia 
corps in the vain hope of reituriug bia beoltk 
byaotivesurvice. In 1810 he t»tunied linally 
to Burope. Ou 1^ Aug. he ntt&inad IM 
brevet rank of colonel, and in Ai; 
ihn rank of oolonnl with the comti 
rejiiment. Woralcy became ma 
ou L'l AuK. 1830. Un i Jun« 1^15 
nomiiiniod a C.B., cm 20 Sept. Iftil K-C"^ 
and on lU Pub. 1838 O.C.B. Hr died at 
SLido in the lale of W*igbt on IS Jan. I»tl, 
And was buried at Chale. He married Sank 
Ilantings, and had one daiigbtor, Kliiabetk 

Wnnley haa ftoquantly been coiif<Huided 
with licsKT WoB»t,Kt (1783-lB^K lion- 
tenant -colonel, bom bVIiruArv 17-^ irrhovM 
tho third aon of Jamiit \Vorsley (17J^ 
1798), rector of Gatcombe in lh« laic of 




Wi^it, br bin wife, Ann Hkrlw. In tbs 
satiina vt 1799 ba obtained tn auignej in 
llieOlh lbo<i aad •ooocnpaiiicdtlM! a^dilion 
l»noll*ntiiinH«rlbd>aki>orTMk. In 1800 
hp riHvivi-iJ ft iinu1>'n*DCj in llwfiAid fool. 
In IfKrJ tbr :?t>f) bat lation of tbal mgimeDt 
bocMHW tlic96lbfoat,t(i whicli Wnnli-j wn« 
yoaltd. In 18<H be oliUiniR] ■ rotnpinj, 
and m 1606 weal to AiMrin tritli Sir Kyro 
Coole(17«3-l^M:')[(].v.] Inie09tioiainMl 
the Sfith rcgineat anil look put in iup im- 
padilioR |A ihr ^heUl! iiixtr Jolin Pitt, 
■ijowii call of Ctmthtm r>|.v.j In ]$| t ba 
praceokd to the I'oniniuU, nnti was pr^^nt 
at iIm balllu of Fai-ntm d'(>nor aad thif 
tit^ of Badijoi. ^hoTtljnflenrard* hn wa« 
prDiB0i«d to a msjoriijr in tb« 4tJi tpuri*oa 
MttalJoa, tb«n si OurriUF;, bet, «bt«inini[ 
bia mnoTal la tho 34tli regim«at in 18i:i, 
Iw rEtonwd to Hpiin and wrrml iu tlio ad- 
i«ic« on Madrid nnd th* nrtrtat trom Sala- 
manca. Aft«rtbvbaUlaof\'ittoriainl813be 
wa« tecommmdi-'d f >r proiiiotkin,i-ocoir*d the 
nnk rif Il(^iit(?ui)n<-<o1aDe], andiorvpil in tlio 
onflict* in tU* Pyre'iMft, ^ninc tbi) thanki 
nfl^rdllili. In T^IH b^ pruci^di'd tolndui, 
but w forcnl (bortlf aflerwnnls t^- ill- 
faoaJth II rptiim to Kurapp. lie wa« ap- 

rointtid captain of YaniMuth Cwtle in tbe 
sleof Wigbinnd a corapaniain ofth^Batb. 
He iliod, udtoan-ifd, at Newport in th« [■!« 
<4 Wlgfa uD 13 Mav [«iO, a»d waa bimd 
M Kinfstoa (f/rn/. .Vof- 1833, 1 C69. Aa- 
cookU of hit u-nienf, fooftned witb tfaoM 
ofSrilfarr Wqnhy, apnario Om/. ^im. 
Itill. i. fl5f| Mm of tie Smya, and La Sm- 

[InfbfKUiaa kindlT eiwu W Mr. C, Fmnria 
V^nUy; Kwt Indik UUtUTfUalwdkr, 1633-8. 
i. ISIMi. fii. 78-9. 41(-J. 170 ; B*nr» Uanp- 
(hirc Qeiinli^Ma. pp. 110, MS: Oodvdl and 
MltF>* Indiaa Anejr Lt«l, 1838.) E. I. C. 

W0RSI.EY.ISIlAEL(I-e8 I836),uni. 
I«rian rainiotrr, vna bom at Hrnffird in 
1708. Ills gmndfntliPT, John \\'or>l<)}' 
(dL l(t IW. 17tl7), wiw f»r fifty rttn a suc- 
Maafnleclioolmativrat HnttroM.'aBdaulbar 
of mmmaiical tabid (1736, jtro) and of 
anable trWMlalion of t b<- N enrTiit aiacn l , pub- 
litbwl poalbninoniily hj sulnfriplian (1'TO, 
Sto), Mitrf br Slaithew Bmdriiaw and tbn 
autbor** ttia, StamA Worslej- (d. 7 Marcb 
180O). IIi« fatbnr, John Wordej, vbodiud 
at Hurb ^\'7coaibc', lluckinchaiariurv. in 
\miiMoKtMg Bfpfoitory. 1«6. o. S15>. had 
continDad the Kbool nt lI>nford for thirlj 
jnn, wrih Ims aucCMa, beinjr too *a«y a 
diKCiplinarian ; bo pabli^br<l • I^lin grnm- 
mar (1771, firo). Isnivl Wunlcv taii-nd at 
Danntry Acadony in 1786, under ThonM 



I BclHbam [q, v.''. wbo mult* him a uoitariui. 

In DeMtnbtir liMaoommiUvuof m«n.'haolf 

at Dunkirk (wbera th«i« -wu no Knj^litb 

' wrricc) tngagvd Wonbijr a* their mtoMlur, 

I ibo MtricM to bo conduciM with a ' lloolc 

. of Omunan Piajer ootopilcd fnr (h« uw of 

' tbu Enutiab C'burcb at Dunkirk . . . witb • 

: Culk-ctioBufPolnu.' Dunkirk. 1701, ISno. 

ThaToluneiareiiriuiedio'FragmeulaLitur* 

gtca' (1W«, Tol. vi.)by P«cr Hall fq-r.^ 

wboatom* iinnwaiT tbit it i>it(i>)f a niirint 

of tba 'rciam^' vfje* bookof Theopnilits 

UndM^ [l- *'] Uo*^ loiu: Ihii oipeniBent 

U*t«d w not ccrlaiti. W'unb-y Pitabliahad 

a ecbool a) Dunkirk ; afl«t tbr outbreak of 

tho war in 1798 Iw nade bis wa; roEngknd, 

bni returned »H«r tba peace of Abiou 

' (1S03).onIyiob»anaM«doiitb«r«nnpiian 

: of hoatJlitiM (1803), ultimatalr laakins bia 

I eocape witb dilKoullj tbKMKb IlolUnd. 

' Pnxn 1806 to 1813 h« miniatMvd at Un> 

coin, and from 1813 to FAratty 1831 at 

Plymouth, vhvK be ealabll«b«d a fellaw> 

■hip fund and a ebapel library. He left 

PlyiDontb with hi» fanilv far Parit, iolend- 

iRj^ a nix mocithi' ftny, Viit wo* persuad«d 

to opvn (in Juno) a plot^ for unitarian wor- 

ahip fin tbe Kuu Provence). In Januniy 

183S ae formed a French uiiitarisn aiaoria* 

lion for eiimlation of tract*. Tho cholera 

of Marcb IBS^ diipvrerd biii correlation, 

but 1)9 kept bis cbap»] open till June 11433. 

ItctuttiinK to Knalaiid, b» again mtniatered 

at iinooln (1833-B). Ho dind nt. IlaTre 

on S Sept. 1830. Hin ton, WilliamWorfley 

Il79e'l88l>, ira> B.A. QUnkow 1816, 

(rtodied at Manc{ie*t<T College l&ie-19, and 

WM unitarian minister at Tborae(l9t9-9S), 

llull(lS-!3-:»), and Oauubonogb (IftU- 

1H78). 

lleaidnf tnriDOnii, troclii, and Khool-boob 
bo publiiihMl : 1. 'Account of the Sut«< 
Fmicu . . . and I bo Treat meiit of tbe Kng^ ' 
lish." 1806, 8vo. 2. 'Memoir of Jacob 
llrettell.' Lincoln. 1810, 8yo. 3. ' OUcrtra. 
tions on . . . Cliange« in the Preabyterian { 
Societiet of EDglaad,' 1816, 8vu (valuable 
for unitarian himory). 4. ' Lectures on . . . 
Noncnnforniily,' lNi'3, ITraO; 2nd edil. , 
!)^1'<>, l2nio. fi. 'V'witr of the AnoricanJ 
Indians . . . the Diucendinta of tba Tea 
Tribes of Israel,' 18SS, 13mo. 

[Btognfdiical Dictionary of Living Awtlion, 
181B, p. SS9i Monthly Kepatllorr, ieS3. ^1 
3801 ChruUan Refannor. 1831 pp. S«9. SOS, 
3G9. 1834 p. 831; Mnrch's HiM. Pra>1>. and 
Geo. Iin[<. lliiiichcii ill Watt uf ICnjtl. 183 J. pp. 
fiOo,*>nT:Kmriek'aMMiio(rofK«Dti*b. lU*. p., 
13: Koll DF5<udMia.HaDeherterCollegB. ISM:' 
Unnariaa Almanac, I88K, p. 24 ; Unriek's N«n- 
waformhy ia Berts, ISSa. p. SU.] A. 0. 



\\'orsIey 



3« 



Worsley 



WOUflLEY, PIIII.IP STANHOPE 
(\SX, IfttHJf, iKvt, liom at (tn-enwioh on 
i'J Auj(. 1(*3G, was «on of rhnrlfta \Vor»li-y 
(l7Kt INVl). TvctoT of KincUcr, MiddlcKUi, 
B QitfuibFr of tLo faniilv of lliu Wonlcyii of 
GttlcomlH', Iftli' nt Wiyltr. Afttr nttendiug 
the Cholmnlny gmimnar *eh(iot, HifiliKSte, 
ho va> adiDitlRil To n »i:1>r>Iar»biii hc 0>rpii8 
Ohriati CoIIeep, Oxford, on i>(4 Nf av 1 8''i.'), and 
graduntud U.A. nod M.A. in l»'«l. lie 
irmiiits] tliQ Nt-wdiffslL' {iriii? ('Thii Tnoiple 
of Janu»,' Oxford, l*voj m IMfiT, nnd bvi^niiie 
k fellow of hia cnll?^ iu 18>S. His lieultb 
inlerrnrcd with t.hn piirsiiii nf any prufpMJon, 
Rnd h<> drvntcd liirowif chiedy to cinsucnl 
nnd poctien) Mudie*. Ili* virainn of thn 
'OdvBWv' ill tlii?Spen«priniiirtniixmii-n»iiiib- 
lisLc'd ili |H))1 (n-u«iu«l lt<(tBaiid ltt'7\nn<l 
hit) trn<i!ilution of iLh tint tm-lvi- buokaof 
the * Iliad ' in the mum tnutre m l^titt. On 
8 Mny of th» followine y."Hr Wor*lev died 
iinmnrried nt Fn'«hwalprnfT«r along ilini'sa, 
t«rmmiiiiiij{ iii coimu million. Hi« pnticncn 
nnd uboerfulness undt^r great unlYiting, and 
the beftutv of lii» characttrr. axB pntlif^ticaDy 
exiolled bv Saroli Ausiiii in « nolo to the 
• Aihnnjoiim ' of IU M»y ISflO. 

Wonlcy ■ diminution n» » poet ia to liav^ 
nchinTvd what no dup rlan hn* Achiovml. 11 ii 
Wpnnsurinn IrannUlion of the'OdvBRy' nnd 
ihu lint half of the 'Hind.' rt'f;nrd«l mr-rt'lr 
Hs Bu endeavour lo inaht- Homer speuk like 
Spenser, leavee no room for improveniput. 
No vendon divnrgin^ »a widely from iht> 
form of iba original i;nn hi>r«mn thn ttnn- 
ilnrd TewioD; it wu nfVfnhple« woll ihnt 
■ lie atWmpt should be luadt! OJi a lest of the 
power Bnn rwouive* of <itir luuguajfe. In 
irrncp, xkiil, i^ommnnd of dirtioii, nnd native 
music. Womley is ■nrpnn'cd by no poet who 
haa employed ibis most diHieult form, pecu- 
liar to our Innguapi, of which the niour ac- 
coaiplinlicd forpijfn translnioni «re ahy. nnd 
of which Shelley «uid, ■ Voii inij*it sueceod 
or fail.' ' Wofsl'ey,' sBjii Mnt.thew AnioUl. 
' mnkinji (Iip utanjn \iL'ld to him what it 
nEV<TyieldodtoHyrnn,iTBIrea»urciioflluidity 
nnd »weet earn*, nbarc all brinjrint^tohiKttuK 
B truly poelical laate and i>kilU hsi? produced 
■ ver»i(in of the "Odvssey " murh Ihe mool 
pleatiinx of thriBn hilfierto produced.' If he 
IS more auccouful with the 'Odymcy' than 
with t.hn' Iliad," thia i«lwtc(nige tl'ie romnntic 
chniuctflr of the former ponni ndaj'la it«'lf 
U-lter to thn rotnantic atnntn. The trantiU- 
lion of the ' Iliad ' was eompleted hy .loliii 
Oonin^ton [i|, t.], «nil the contmm heiwiitin 
lilt- two nioielii-s of thp hook iBinajt instruc- 
vv"' .^■'^"'''tfon was npremer»c!]o!ar than 
^^'»y.*ndhi« coinmi>iidoflftn>,Miapu is re- 
arknhle; but»«ftpoi!thcw««ma<!i>,iiotborn, 



3| 

ilywmnt'tbvH 



and bia mecluaicalatatiu* oniiriily wmnt 'tb« 
grandeur and tba bloom ' of hispnaicccnar. 

Wotvl^a origina] Vp^""/ ^^ publiabed 
in 18S3 (' Pocina and TFanaUtiooa/ London, 
8vo) and r^rinted in l^i-'i, at« plMsin^ 
from their eleg&nce aud polttib, bat deficient 
in originality and force. IIo was bora 
iatnrpret others. 

jitiind) Amtin in AUi«n»um, 19 VUf ISSS 

o*Tii. .\iii|c. iRaa, I. eu; FowW* fiat. « 

OorpUB ChriftiCoil««e,Oirord.p.<U ; PoMm^ 
Aliimni Oion. (iri4.1888) ; prints iafoewk- 

ti»R-i R. a. 

W0R8LEY, SiK IIICIIAIID, aeranth 
barnnnt |,l7.'tl-IS0&), anliqiiory >nd inrel- 
W, bom on I" March 1751, waa tlie SOD of 
SirThomB«VVon1ey,*ixlhbart.,of An^ldnr- 
eomb, lale of Wigul, by liia wife Kliiabatb, 
daughter of John Itojle, ewl of Cork and 
Orrery. IIv wax cdncat«d at Wincboatet 
College.nndmatrit^latcdftomCVirpiuChruti 
Colloffff, Oxford, on » April 1708. He auc- 
ceiHlra hi* father, bb senrulb bsiontt, ia 
1768. He becume one cS the dark* eomv- 
troUrn of ihe board of gTM" clotb in ITTT, 
and in 1779 clerk of thn privy council. In 
the aame y«nr hn was nnpointed complrolUt 
of the kin^'n boiurhold, and be wb« sworn 
of the prii-y eouneil on a Feb. 1780. H« 
wni ■ubsenuentty Uriliab reeident at Venio^ 
nnd waa alao governor of the Isl* of Wi^ht, 
nnd a felK>w of the Royal Society and of tbo 
Society of Antlqiiariea. I''roiil 1774 to 178i 
be wa* mnmhor of parliament for JJ«wporl, 
Isle of Wi(iht, nnd lie n?pre«ented Newtown, 
Islo of Wight, from 17»0 to ITlKJ and froto 

1796 to imz. 

In February 17*5 Worsley left R<nn« fcr 
an uitenaire journey in tho I^nraitt, aecoa^ 

Sianied by Willpy ItoTrlry (q. t.) aa bit 
IraiightHnan. Ho reached AUMnsora9 
178K, and itayud ibeni witlt Qsapui, 
Fronch conBul. From Athena be pnie) 
una touriiiQret!ce,risiTingK1euaia,M 
(whernhvoblalDedfora Ismail ■lira tfaff 
of AaclepiUjjinatt««aof ArtomiiOnWia), 
Kpidauriia, i/^iina, Dfrlo*, Mvcotuw, 
Cairn, and ('ountonliuople. In tlui 
1786 ho made an excursion to 
Trov, and visited the Crimea. He 
to liume on 4 April 1787. In Ua 
Worsley bad brought top'tber a rei 
colIiTtion of ■tatiicA, mlicfii, and gm 
h<- nrrnnj(ud at bin botiM: at Appuld 
In \79H he iasued the firat part (i 
'17»4') of the 'Museum WoralaTkBU 
sumptuous illustrated deacript^on of hii 
Wtion. F.. Q. Visconii seema to hatvi 

?licd n ifmtt d«al of material for the 
he eotit of port i., exclusiTe of bti 
was 2,8«7f. ia. 



I 





\V'orsl 



ey 



37 



Worsley 



WonUjr died at Appoldaicomb on B Auff. 
16CU^ umI WW uaocnrdBd in the title (wliicn 
bcMae extinct in l6S5)b]rluaruurthcoiiiua, 
Ilmrj Wontev-UoltDM. lie married, in 
StptvBbfT 17T6,Se}rmoiirDoroiliy,daugbter 
«f Sir John Flcniing, ban., of Bromploa 
Park, JdiddUiuix, bdiI had bj ber ■ md Ko- 
bert Kdwin, wlia d>«l before hi* father, and 
• iliiuglil«r.wbi>di>datitiinrric(l. Thetunoun 
«f t*dT Wonilcy witli ihe Knrl of IVt«r- 
b<m><i^(*rliio first met ber at Sadler'eWelU) 
uhI with others arvilulvcbronidedby Wal- 
poU {Irtttrt, Tiii. 1»&, I'tia), and are ulinMid 
ID Huch publicntioiu an th« < .Memoin of ^^ir 
Kinieal Whinuyand bin Liidy'(176i!). Un 
SI Fvb. ITbl' Wonk'ir brou){ht on a«tioa 
acninal GiHir(rH M. Biiuell. an oflieer in the 
llainpihire miUlia.elnimin^l'O.OOCKdMaiiffM 
for crituiaaleooi(irtati<.iii witbhitfwi^. "nin 
jury foDDdfortbicpUimiff', but, oDtbexrotind 
at hi* conniTancu. nvaHinl him only i^"e 
•hillinxdanuiTni. l^dy Wonlc-}- (nbo nf^rr- 
w»ni« took by royal ^aot tbi? name of i.ady 
FleatioK) woa nuuned a monEii after her 
buaband's death to Mr. J. Louia Couetit^t 
(Gntr. May. 180&, ii. 87-1). 

Wor«l«7 di»l i nieaiale. and hi* MtatM and 
prop ai ty deroKed to hi* niece, Henrietta 
Anna Maria Cbarlott«, daiiKiiii^r of John 
' Btidsman t^mpaan, wlio mnrrii'd, in IHW, 
CSurlea AndetMn'l'elbaiD.M'cond buruu Yar- 
borovgh, created (18<3T) Karl of VHrborough 
and Baron Wonle^. On Ibe feie of the Ap- 
nnlitiircoaib propMty thn enlUiclionx formod 
nj VfonAvjvmmtwaaxrAxaihr l-lnri of Yar- 
banuj[fa'«*««t,RKieklMbyl'ark, L'lceby.Lin' 
eoloahire. Tile nintUH at Brotkloaby wuns 
■leaeribed b? Mteliartii in his ' Aueir iit Mur- 
blea,' and Mr. A. II. Smilb hue eiuoo printed 
(1897) a critical deeeripilon of the wholo 
collection. Wor»Uy'« icanuscript 'Journal' 
of hi* tratrJ* i* nmuirTrd at Brockliiiby. 

WonlpT* piiblicMionii arc: I, 'ThoUi*- 
tctrot the UVof Wi^ht.' London, l78l,Jlo 
(W ftlpol«s in hie Lrttera, riii. CS, S4, Bpeaki 
coniWBptiM<t«ly of ii ). 3. ' Mu«eum Wor»- 
teyaniim ; or a ('^llectioo of Antique naiwo- 
lUIievof, Duii'w, StntiM*, and Gem* ' (with 
portrait of Wonky and more t.lian 150 
plato), [»ndoo. 1794'l»MUf 2 voln. fol., tvxl 
in Gnfttiib and Italian (pi. i. iuiied in I7!M, 

ft. ii. in XSOi) ■ 2nd edit. I^urJ^)!) (Prowett), 
BS'l, '2 ToU- em. ful.,ivith illustrations from 
tbeorigioal«op«er-plsK«i Gr-riimn traiifil.bv 
Eberhard aad Sch^ifir, DarmHiMll, I827-8, 
Ala-, an edition oftholiitlian text, nit]inot«* 
by Uionuioi Labiu, Militn, ISSl (part of 
Viacointi'a collected works). 3. ' Catalogue 
miionniof the principal P«intinj^ al Ap- 
potdcrcombe' (privately printed), IHM, 
4IO. 



(GcM. Hflg. ISOS, ii. 7SI ; Berry'* Coaeijr 
GcnMl0||i«e. 'lUnt*;' Foeier'a Alamai Oiun. 
1T1S-IH8A: Berks'* Extinct BaranetaKe; Mi- 
cbaeli*'* AJniieat Uarbloa in Qrmt Britain; 
Sailh'* Abiiijuittn at Itr>KklMby Park^ iJen- 
kin'* Wonloy v. Biiwlt. 1782; Allibone'* Diet.; 
Itrit. Uu*. Cat ; informiitioD frgn Mr. Anliur 
UamiltoD Smith.) W. W. 

WORSLEY, WILLIAM (H3GP-U99), i 
ilesn of -Si i'nul'*, burn probably aboutl 
I4:ir>, ia )»']i-ii«d lu have been the *Mi of 1 
Sir llobiTl W.jn-ifiy of Dootlis in Ecclea, ^ 
LaiicD*bir<t, mid hi* wifi* Mnndn, dniigbter 
of Hir Jobn (JiTfnrd of Bryn, I.nncjohiro. 
Ilia bruther Kobtrrl cmrried llnrifanTt, niecv j 
uf William and Lawrvnue Booth [q. v.Ji' 
both of tbem archhithou* of Yurk, to whow 
inltii«nce William ow<^ meet of hie pr^or- 
ment^ He w>* powibly educated at Cam- 
bridfp-'i a* no mentinn of him occur* in Wood ; J 
hv i> uauoUy d(Mcrib<^ a* ' *anr1ie theologiw 
profnsur.' but inhi*epitaphia*tylcd 'doctor 
of lawB.' On 29 April H 19 ho wa. collat.^ 
to ilie prvbeud of Tachbrook in Licli6i-ld 
Cnllii^ral, on 30 March IMS to Norwell 
OvnTnll in Southwell, anit ia Wit to South 
Cuti! in York Cnlhedral. The*e prefermonla 
wrre appamnlly confumsi on liim during 
hi* minority by hi* unelu*, for it wo* not 
till -iU Siipt. NIK) thut lu! was ordained I 
prieel. Oa 1$> May I4U7 hi- was inititutedj 
to the rectory of Eakriug, Noltiu){hauuhire, 
On 38 Sept. 1478 be was admitted arvh- 
doaoonof Nottini;bnin,and on L'3 Jnn, 1478-9 
he wa* olrct<;d denn of ^<t. Pnul'E in *uc- 
ccMion lo Thomaa Winicrboump; hn n> 
lained with it lLi> archdeaconry uf Nutting 
liam and the prvbend of ^^'itWlJen in St. 
Paal'e. and from U»3 lo UtH) also held the 
srchdeoconr)' nf Taunton. Woralev held iLa 
dcannry throii([linut th« roiKnt of Edward V 
and Kicluird 111, but in 1494 he became in- 
soivfd in thf conspiracy infai'oiif of IVrkin 
Warbeck [q, v.] H« wna nmited in No- 
vember, cuufeeited bufori' u commiuion of 
ojer and terminer, and wu* ultaintrd uf 
hieli treanon on the 14ih (Rot. Pari. vi. 
4t<9A). The lay conapiraTore were put to 
duotli, but Wortlny wa* taved by bis order, 
andonOJuQL- USohit wo^pardonnd ((lAinu- 
XBK, Letleri and i'aperi, ii. STflf. In 
October following purluimi^ul paised un aoti 

il I Henry VI I. c. >'>^) reotoriiij; liim in blood 
Statutfn •friw Ttralm, ii. tHOt. He had 
rotainnd hi* •'ccWifmiical prefermenle, and 
died in ponnwion of thnm on 14 Aug. l499,i 
being buried in St. Paul'* Cathedral ; liia ' 
epitaph and u very poiaimiiitic enpy of Latin 
Ter»«i are printed by Wuctrr (^FUnrralt 
MimuiHrHl',-\f.SlS!*: iiQVtiH.Swkliral Mon. 
iL 337). Fabyan deHcribea Wornley a» ' ft 



Worth 



38 



Worth 



lour uid prnchcT ' (Ctrotiiele, 
p. Wtq. Hit niU, daiRd 12 Feb. 1406-9, 
WM proved nt IiamboUi on 6 Nov. l4!£i,Dt>d 
Rl York on 37 March ICOO, &nd iBpTimed in 
'Taumeul* EboraoeiuiH,' iv. l&ft-S; by it 
he I«A mon*; for «n obit in St. PaulV. 

[AutbariiiM cited i La Xaro* Fuli E«el. 
Aujtl. ^d. Il*rdy, [Muim ; N*«oinrl'* Repar- 
loriont »ni UavTHmnr'i Hat. Ibp. EocL LuDilin. 
ISUS: PoWdoT* VociL. p. J92; Bivma'a 
Hfarr VI]. *d. ISTO, p. 339; Gairsloir'a 
Richiinl III. p. 3A3; BumIi'* Rn|;lnnd andnr UiQ 
Tailor*, i. 96; Arrbaoin^a. ixrii. IC6; Dug- 
dnla'a St. rml's ; Milmnii'i Mi., ranl'i : TmI*- 
nianlA Rtior. ($arC*c4 Sue); tii>lrii fmin Froncii 
W..n>1"v. — 1.) A. V. V. 

woitrn. t'iiAiti,i:B frkdkiuck 

(Ikl'o ISiJii), drvMinahRr, wm* ilin ion of 
W'Elliaiu Wortli. a aolicicurat Uoiirup, Lio- 
coliu>hirp, irlio l<»t Ilin iiropvrtv in ipucula- 
tioua. Itoru in WJi, Le was M IjrBl iutc^nded 
tir n prinlT, biit alVr ■ few luuiitba waut 
lo lyrndon lo b^ appriinliciHl to Mmct*. 
Hvntn & I'.diinr, linnndrnprT*. IIo wiu 
cliiotly DID ployed in hookkRiqiiiijt, but 
■howod nn mWrtal in Kfvnph labriw nnd 
modela. in lt*lt), ou the (^ipinilion of bin 
iitd«atures, bi; wvut (o Puru, nnd for twi>lvo 
yeara wan in ihe- tervice of l^infcutiri, »ilh- 
in^rcer. A Udv'ii imin d^siuni^d liy bim 
figurntl in tbr nbibiiioa nf 1855. Ho n«xt, 
in pnrtncriliip ivitii a Swcdo tiaenml Itnbrnrh, 
atarli-d iii buninei.-" a* n lndy'» Inilnr. I'tiii- 
ceas Mrllemii-'b, wife of tliu Austrian ani- 
bisiuidor. was oiut of bin i^articn ^unlomers, 
and tbe CamtcMe du I'ouriiJivi introdaced 
kini to thR ICoiptvAS Kug^nie, lo wboiu hH 
iLubmitlcd rvnfy noviilty. The uci' forth all 
wealthy Vat'if fWki'd to bii rooms in tbe 
Kua de lu Tnix. nnd BcIiRnwli'd([ml liim a* 
thi^ dictator of facliioiu. AftiT tlm war of 
}X'0 Bnbergb relirpd, and Worth, with Iht- 
BMittDncA of hi» tvo «an», crtiitiuut^d a 
biuinoH wbinh yielded WfiWl. a viwr 
nrotit, Koinfc down daily, to the end o^ bis 
life, I'] ibp t'Btnbliihment frfim bia hoiuw in 
tbe Rup da B<irri or thu Tilla oroct^d by 
btin at Survv>ne«, Ho was tiburnl to biit 
slniTnnd to Fruncb cbsrilivs, but bnd joined 
tlu> I'rioiclj mformed clinr^h oud did u'jl 
aMociato with tbn ICn^linh ooloti}'. llv 
died on 10 Mnro.h ISD.'t, nnd wan buried at 
Sureauet. Ilia widow died on 8 Mig. |l*0«, 
[Primto iaformatinn: Annusim I!ottiii, ISSPt 
Figaro, Sup. IJll^Fiiiiw, 13 April I88T 1 Oauloii, 
II. IS. and 14 M*nh |8M; Vrw York llsmld. 
Farin*!!!.. uni|rithi>rPariiipnpDricif UnrchlSSA; 
Daily Tolcgniph. I 'I Aug. IBBS,] J. U. A. 

WORTH. iaCUAl{DNICHOLLSnB.-i7- 
18WI), niimvllnncous writ«rr and (rnolotrinl, 
WM tbo clileBi son, of Riobard Wortli, a 



.daoshl 



buildarof DcroDpoTt, 1^ b is wife BIin,datigl 
ler of Riciiard NichoUi of ibe taine flac«;^ 
He wat born ou 10 July 1A37, and appran- 
ticed tn 1851 al tbe Doronpon and Plymout' 
' T«lMTapb,'bc«OBBiiig a tQcinbar nf the ita 
in 18&H. In 1863 bi> joined the • W»tc 
MominfC Nrwa,' rcteaininf: with it till XSt 
In 180«( and ibn foJlowiug j<«r be lired 1 
Keiim*U»-oa-Trn«aaediioioftbF'Nortb«ni 
Bally KxpteSf'^ui. Gnding ibe ctimalo too 
irrinf , Tejoined ib^ Maff oF Ui* ' WeMtm 
MnmiQ^Nvwii'inlW;. la 1877 habBcaaa 
ojanctBlod irltb M<i*xra. Ilrcndon ft Son, 
printcra and pubtiibiTa.of l'lyinoutJi,T«c«T- 
ing a lurtimonial of pUli? by public auWnp- 
tiun in Devon and Comwail for bis Mrvicei 
asa iounialitt. lu tbis businon he rem*is(^_ 
till h.\» deatli, iliough be continiiod to ecu^H 
tribute ooraaionally, not onlv to tha loti^H 
pma but aim lo * XatHrc,' tie ' Acaideiny,' 
nnd otber jwriodicnla. 

Worth waa adiliitnilitudmil, and devoted 
all bis gparu lim« lo invTalijrating tbe Ul*- 
tory aud gindogy of tbe lr«M 01 B ^^^ 
I'minnl and exact, dreadiiiKkatntlia 
bn vat nnn of that indnati^blo 
wnrkcn who hnvii dona so much for 
biaiory. arcbamlagy, and irealoKT of Dev 
and domwolt. AltoBetherWorUipubliab 
about MO papera betwwn 1869 and 
death, mostly bittorical, a»d ta tbe ], 
inf« of local aocieliM ; *oai« of tho scimti 
pnpi>ni appenmd in (b« 'QnaKerly Journal * 
of tbe Ucologtcal Korinty of LanJoin, of 
wbich be bocaino ■ fi'lbw in 1S71>. Bcaidei 
n aeriea of fpaide-buukti and several 
works, be was tti(> author of: 1. ' Hiai 
oflLe Town and Borough of r^voiitiort,' 
month, lft70,>tv<j. 3. • Ili'torvofPlyiBOW 
Plymouth, lii7l, ftvo: Snd edit. 1873; 
edit. 1880. 3. * Tbo Three Towna BibU*-' 
tlii^ca '{for I'lytnouth, Uevonpoit, and dtona- 
hoitse". lB71,8ro. 4. 'The \V«t CounllJ 
Gurland, selected from ib^ Writin)^ uf ibi 
Poela of DvroD and Cornwall,' PlrmoBtti, 
18"S, 8vo. 

lln wna r.wion prpiddant of the Plymonlli 
Auo^^intion, nnd in lAIll of tbo I>aTon>biiB 
Auoiriatinn. A trua mm of tho wart, be 
loved its two groat couatieo, nnd no atnngtf 
interested in their hiatory or ^oiogj W 
eoiiL'bt Worth's help in vain. Be died ind- 
d.'nly at Sbaugb Trior, wlutre be waa lee- 
nornrily nutdent, on 3 July I8B6, awl «t" 
buried in the Tillage churchvard. He m»- 
ried.l'^ ^larch 1 etIO, at Stoke bamerfl, D«na- 
shire, Lydia Amelia, dtu^tcr of Ilkluiil 
Haiies of tbe Dookyard, DeTODport. Om 
tan nnd one daug'bt«r anrviTcd biin. 

A porinut in oils, jpa'mted hy Lane ' 
1873, II in poMPwioB of the family. 




[OUiufT Dodra Qnuf . JoBr.G«ol.SK. i&ST, 
n«K tiii: IVkiia. iJaTontbira Aimm. urili. 
(ISnX P- M: Tnnt. Pln^oaih laMitatioD sod 
Snoo and Comnll Km. Itiit. Son. ISM-B : 
BIbllMhaM Uuniubicntui. li. SOTi C<ill*ciAnt« 
CVmsbitasiii. p. 1395; inr»nnaliaa fnafautiran, 
R. G. Hunfonl Wonli, p*q.] T. G. B. 

WORTH, WILLIAM (1677-1742), 
«l»»»ic«l Kholar aad diTlae.bom at ppor^, 
OORinU, %aA btpiUwl kl St. Gluviu, ile 
psriih rJiBivh, im 30 FA. 107^7, wu tbe 
meoad fm of William Wortb, nerckuit of 
Peat^. nrho iwd thcfc rtn 2:! Jim. lft')ft-90, 
agvd 53, br liii wifn Joiir, dnuffbUtt and 
eob«it«B* o( Mr. Punnalcrrick. Uu mitri«u- 
iMcd IVoai Quiwn'ii Cullc^u, UxTunt, on 
14 U&Tcb ltKll-3, but migtuttHj i» St. 
EdniHtid TTall, gradutiu &A. on 17 Oct. 
)6aR,kDd M.A.on 4 JiifrlOM. In 1703, 
•n tlw Douinalian of Ari^hhUhnn Tnaiitoa, 
Ikc VM elcctn] tcUow of .\ll SntiU' (College. 
Oxford, 111.' ««s chupUiti lo tbo bi«bop of 
WumslKr in liOo, and un 1-1 Dec. I70a be 
waa eoUaled to tlie arebd»&ooiuy of Wor- 
e«iler. He procoeilwd B.U. in 1705 and 
D.n. in 17 1ft 

Tbp vnlw (U) nf tbi* urcbdMconTT in 
Ibft kinffn InwVi wu grr.*!!!! Ilinii that of 
mav prri'rrui«iit tcenblc wilb bU follovrihip. 
TL« nariltrn of All S-Joli' Collpgy thirrrupua 
dvclared, ou 7 Jan- 1700-7, tbiit ibi^ fi'lti^w- 
•bip waa vacant. Worib appealed Vi Tvnl- 
•oa agsiMt the iranlen'* action, bill mi 
13 Jnna 1 707 mDoaimnl thit nppoBl. BitUop 
WiIIi*m 1-lflolwooJ 'q. v.) wa* led to pub- 
liih bid ' Cbroaicoii I'ruciasum ' on the i)Cca> 
aiou of tliu disjiuti'. 

Wonb ntainvd ibis arvbdmeoiirf iinlil 
kia d«aih to 174^, ami combtiMid irjth it 
from 17 Fob. 17l*t-lft tbe third cannnTT at 
"WtncMUr. l-'mm U) Julv 1707 tn \7\i he 
Md tbo tttAorf of Hnti'ird in Wnrwir.k- 
liaiK. DnSApril I'labenrai collated to 
the rtctocy of Alvrtbun-'ti. and on 1 1 Julv 
follnving to the rwJtorr of NortbSold. botli 
tn Wd«««<mbir«, and he enjoyed botL 
ibew beneAcm, with bi« oinonry itnd mh- 
dMconrr, nnlil his d<«lb. llu dtod on 
7 Aii||[. 1742, and wo* tiurini in Wi>TO*«tnr 
OathHlml no 11 AuK- II>> wife wu a Mia* 
Pri«!, and tbeir only dauf[htrr, wilb a for- 
tun- of 00.000/., married ou S Match 1740. 
\\ liiiam Wiumore, mavor of WotceatM in 
17«9-10 (Cwrt. 3fw. 1740. p. 147). 

W«Hh «ditod at Oxford in 1700 ' Talinni 
Omio ad Onecoa. IIi>rmiic irrinid Kcntiliiim 
pbiloaophorani,' wilb bin own nnnolatinni 
andtbdaao/manf nrvTiouiiHcboUra. IIuDme 
nati that 'most ol t)ip nutoi, with the dedi- 
catMnand ptafaM^v^re writttti hy Dr. Mill' 
(CbUMrfK>iw,OxrordHiat.Soc.i.40). Wortli's 



notea lu tbe tract of TTcnnia^ were iocluikd 
io tbe ediiwo hv J. ('. Dooiaariclii wbiehj 
waa prini«d at Hnlle in 17tU. Ila gnU 
asci«t«d Brawno Willia in hii occoiut 
WorcoOer Catbediat (Sbrwy itf O^lktdn 
voL i. p. ri), and extncta ma bia coll 
tMM 00 WonestenhEro at» embodied 
Naab'a hbtor^ of that connly. Edw: 
nechair ia hit •dilion of Ibe'LtgMio pro 
CbTutinnia' (1706} nf Athenagons waa 
much indebted to Vi onb Cor ranoiu mtdin^ 
in manuacripu (profitoo la edition). A lottvr 
from Wortb lo Potter, aftvrwonla areh- 
bixbop of CtuitprbuTj, OD the death of Ur. 
Jobu Mill fq. T.] ■" >n lAmbetk MS. 933, 
art. 4-i, and i caff U hi tbe BritUh Muteum 
Additional MS. iS02, art. «l. It i> printed 
in the'CifiitlifmaiiV MijrMiiwi'd'iOl.ii. BS7) 
and in f I. J. Todd'* ' Jtnan Walton ' (i. 78- 
81). 

[Hmrne's ColUctiooa, i. *3. 131, ICT. ITZ-1. 
tiO. 3^9, 307. 31«. tL 38. 04^. 7A. i*- iM; 
Potier'a Alnniai Oxon. 1900.1714 ; C^mbwa'a 
Woiv-wtenhire Il<«irr. p. SIS : UrMa't W<n«e*- 
tcr. i. 3.10. 337. ii.'llt.uidapp.p.iiii: Uaninli 
AIL Soal^ Archtro*. pp. 120. Slft-1 : Itoiw* ami 
Courlnaya Bibl. OorBuh.li. 907, tlOft-IO ; Itos«>'>t 
Collaet. CuRiaK p. I9fli ; L« Ktn* Kuti. iii. 
78. 82.1 W. P. C. 

WOETHISOTON.nCGncrW-1815). 
Arinn divine, niin bora at L«ioeUcr oa 
21 June 17.W. l)i« (ntbcr, Ilu^h Wofth- 
inj^on. Mn nf John Wortbington {it. 1767), 
latiDiT, nparStodEport.waaboniMi llJun« 
1712; wiiacJucniednl(iliisffow(M..\. May 
1730); nndmiiiiBlvri-diit Li.'ek. Staffocdsbire 
(1736-S),NewiiistonOrr«u(l7a8-U).bcin(r 
also librariaD at Dr. WilliaiiiB't Library, bdiI 
Grent Meeiinfc, I.«ic«tl*>r ^l74.V9r). H« 
married A daiiithter of Benjaatin .Xndrewa 
Atkinwin id. 1765), prmfartetian mininler 
(1713-412) in l/indon,aiidd]0(i SO Oct. 17tl7. 
Ilii portrnit hna boon rtif[ntved litemoin bjr 
hiH Kfjn in ' Prcitoatant DiMcntcr^ Macaiinr,' 
17117. pp. 401, m). 
I Wortliin^on, batin)^ bt>eu {.'t^uiidiNl by 
his fat.b«r, «nicrod I>avetitry Acodeiuy in 
1768, under Cnlob Athwortb [q. t.j On 
' complctinfi hiioounn hew choncn (17i.S) 
! cbuMoiil tutor, but on a vWit to Ijondon nt 
, Cbriaimod he at odcd achiuTcd fame aa u 
I preacber, nw invited aa uaiiataiit at Salter*' 
' llall to Francia SpiUbury lb- younger (rf. 
3 March 17!'2).aDd began biaminiatrvtbere 
on 1 Jnn. 1774. His duty waa that of after- 
nooD pnnicber. In connection wilb Abra- 
ham Roo* [q. v.], be maiatainnd a Sunday 
evDDinft Icetura atSallam' Hall; hcira* aba 
one of tbe TueadnT morninf; lectutera (till 
17(>S), and a Wvdseaday evenin); lecturer. 
On Spilsburj-'a death ho was ebo*en paator 



Worth ington 



40 



Worth ington 



(onUiui^ K. Maj 1782); ou tbe Drsl Suii'Iav 
of Ihv moDlh lie pri'AcLed in the moriiitig 
uiil ctil^bmt<>(l thi^ LnrA't ^ti[ipi>r. On ntlmr 
Snnilny momingit lio pmicliiMl at lligliburr 
Grovn (179S.6) «imI at Iliuiovcr Slwct 
(17fl6-lS08). 

In I'M) 111* wu t'l«cti.'(t B tru.ili.-i- or Dr. 
Williums's roitii<]ali->u«, and iu liHI.t li<! wa» 
one ot a coTsmittCH- of nine for vstal)1i»hiiiv 
a new collngn in Lonilon. He iinrIprtoi)H 
the depnrl.ini'nU of ciaiaicji ami haic, toctnr- 
ini from S(rpl«!nbi-r 17WI nt Dr. U'illiamn'ii 
liWrjr. Iti-d t'nws Slrent, nnd from Snptem- 
ber l7eT at Iliu-'knt-y. He nrii^^iL-d in (Iw 
■prins of I7Mp. Lati^r in the j-ear lie pro- 
JMleu an aMocinlioii to Ma; the ywgnaa of 
BOciniuiIsni nmonz libnrnl i!i6u>nli>re. A 
three ilaM* iMinfT-'nc' of Arinn divin™, in- 
clnding Ilabnhhuk t'rnbb (c|. v.], IWjnmin 
Oatpniiter (ir62-!f^lHl of StnurLridm', and 
Jobn lieary of Bt'Hi-uu«Iipld, n-ui bi'ld at 
Oliapel House, Oxfr)riUbiri<, Inubility to 
asm) on tlie r^nealion of inipirnlinn n-iiJ>.<ml 
the plan abortiTn {Monthly Rfponfuiy, 1813, 
p. fih). 

Worth inamti 1 popuUrity u n proacbor, 
iiutftinwl in London with no diminution for 
ncnrly forty yeura, in iiuci implied among 
libi-ral dis«-nlFrs of any rit^biiul. mid wn« llii* 
iuidu(;ui»t>d i-tivy of niorp radical lltinlier*. 
An unfriondly critic diyicrihnt ' Iiig iipriglil 
pottim, hi> pii^ririnjc pv, bin buld nnd dp- 
cwivs tjtnc, lii« point!-*! fiiiffi-r, the inli-rput 
ho cave to what be d.-livrred, and the rnlirc 
notliinicneiiii of urbnt bp uflcn «uid'(i^- 1^17, 
p. 91), Anotbrr de»cribeB bid volue as 'bard 
and dry, puu^'ut and caustic,' and nays his 
manner wa« 'full nf biiatln,' and 'even his 
■puCtMlca wnro not idia ' (('hrtitian Jlr- 
fOTzner, 1B23, p. SB). His ni-rnions wcirc 
reitd,but tli« peroration was drlivL-r<<d with- 
out book. Tlia lant sertiioti wuis preached on 
11 July ISl.t. llo left London Ut Wortb- 
inf, RiifTiTrin); from a pnlmnnnrT disorder 
which for many yean hnd afr-iclftd his 
brmlth. lie died at Worthing on 2fi July 
1613. lliB body wan brought to biH cv- 
aidencu, Xunhampton S<|MHrt-. Ijondon, and 
lay in »taie on h Aug. at .Sallen' Hull. He 
>nM burind (Vi Aug.) in llunbill P'ields: Ibe 
funwtti mrvice. ntt^ndnd by two tboninnd 
poopln, wax conducted br 'I'bomna 1'aylor 
(((.23 Oct. 1831), the loit person who re- 
membered Dwldrid^. Funtirnl ncruiona 
«en preached by Jainea Lindsay (J. U Fi.'b. 
1821) and Henry I>flcey at Sailers' Hall; 
Jobn l-;v«n. (i:67-18:Jr) [q. T.], .Jo.hnn 1 
Tnnlinin fq. v.], Ji-remiab Joyce [q. v.]. and I 
Willinm Benj(oCollyer Jii.T.],v;bo aucceeded 1 
biin at Salti-n' Hall, lie married 0~^-) I 
Sumina \d. March 1806), elde*l daughter of I 



Samuel SratliAm, diMentiBr minister 
Lough bon>u|;h, and hftd two oaughtort, wt 
died in infancy. 

IWaidca ninny •nparato M-rmoBS, ha put 
liibed : 1. 'An I'Vior on the ttuolution 1 
i'lano Trianjiln,* ITSO, Bvo. 'i. • Memoir 1 
Habakkuk Crabb," prrliied lo 'Sennona,* 
li!>6,8vu. ro4tbumousiru 3. 'Sertaona. . . 
•t Saltera' Hall b«tw««Q 1800 and 1810,' 
IB23, 8vo. rmm the aotn of Mra. VTiIkm- 
ton of Knlirld ; Snd rdit. 16^, Svo (witli 
addiiiona). He had loft lifteMi huitdrod 
manuKript itrrmonii, mottly in abosUiaiid. 
He fdite>] his fHther's ' Diuouraw.' 178>^ 
8vOvaiid assiated ButcbfT in *Th«8ubatAiiM 
of the Holy Scripture Metliodised,' 1801 
Odd 1813, 4to. 

^FuDcml ScraioDiby Lind»y nadbyETHu: 
Obiinary by R[dRiunil] ^[otcbor] [q. T.) IB 
,M<ml.hIj RvgyHit'iry. IRIJ. p. fitf ; Manoir by 
J(i)rBniiji)i| J[oyc><] in Uaireraal Uafaiioa, 
1813. ii. 160. roptinitd in Mialhly RepmMitJ, 
101.1. p. .'lOI. aIdo i-niHriilfly IfllS; Monabvn 
Hi'iijnmin CurpsaCsr, 18)3; MomoiTby V.R.3C 
I Jilin KilAll ID duiitiao i]Ii>d«ral<iir, 182$, p, 
IH.-.; Monthlr Bcpoilory. IS'iG p. 43. ISli 

flit. IS1.S |.p. em, 740. i$Ti p. 198. 1923 p. si 

{criliijnr br ' N.,' i *. Jntin Kanliab {q. 
Witaon'i lIlHraiinj; Chn»hM of I»i>d«a, iSOl 
ii- 61 ; Jsroaiy'a Pml-yl'iriati Fand, ISBft. f. 
M2.] A. O. 

WOBTHINGTON, JOHX (1618-1671 

mwtcr of Jmub irolitifTP, Cnmbridtte. wa* 
native of M»ncbosier, where lie w»» bom 
February Itll7-1)^. He waslheaonnf Ronel 
Wortbi[ii,'t<->u and Katharine Herwood w>' 
wife, both tiiembers of familiM of the corra- 
■ponding nnmi'» in tbn cnnnty pnlntine of 
Lnncaitpr, and ctcsciibed as'prnuMii of duaf 
note and cjii'ura in iho town'(/>«irjr ai^ 
(hrre-p. i. 2-3. ii. 37:.'). On 31 March 163S 
John wasadmitlvd a siiaroFEmtiianuDlCal- 
lei:;--. Cambrid|^,andiulheMicbaeLBaaterm 
of 1>t3.' WAS admitted n..\., bi« lume and 
that of hit frifind Cud worth ■ landing ninth 
and tiinth in the 'ordn ipnioritatia ' [Ortet 
Book- '/. in regintry). Bunjamiu Whielitola 
rq.T.J and Uichard Clarke were aqpceawwly 
Qis collexe tutors. Ho graJualMt H.A. ■■ 
I(t3n. In Kill be WH8 appointed ledotvitf 
tbo collpijii for Till* ypar, and rui 4 .\p«tl 1S43 
was ndniiltcd a fcllntr, hix oleceion, wkid 
won ntirnded with liflmu dilliculty, haling 
tal»-n placi- in Ibu precvding ye*r (Diarg, 

5. 13). In June Ittlti be wa« a^ittfd into 
eacon'a ordere. and in the following' OciAbtt 
wns appointed univprsity pwacber. Hei^n- 
duated D.I), in thr inmn ynar, and pn>c«edc4 
I>,D. in IftRil. In 1649 Iw matin, in con- 
junction with a friend, a lour of aooo of 
tha •ouih-ne&terii cuuutiu), and kia £sit 



i 
I 




Worthington 



4' 



Worthington 



eonluiu HOW intercitmg notM of hi* obMtr- 
vktton* {pp. 31 -~)- 

On 1-1 ftov. lOGO WorthtDgton wna elected 
to thiO ■oaatcnhip of Jmim Coll«g«, C&m- 
btidge. laUarcalfiMliefoatiii it uvcetMi^ 
to p«titioa tbe Piotactor rmpectiDg iho non- 
Mjawtt of ' tlio MigrtDttntBtion ' uuwxed to 
Ilia (Am, ud MjireMnta that 'ho hod con- 
•tAntlT Toiided «poB tbe place unlil tho \ut 
jw,* out, not having ncKivi-d tbu tufimea- 
Utim, 'his WBS in s tnantivr DVCdMitAied to 
aupjiljr ■ pl«fe iu iLat couotrr forth&l eum- 
iD«iraiiut«r' (Starr rtfrrt. linBi. Tol.lsvtii. 
No. 56). In the follonuifC Nov^ntlxir h« wm 
orcaeBted to the rcctorv nf >'«n Uaion in 
Ouobcidgtahirc, and on 13 Uct. Itiri7 irns 
m«Tri«iI bT Dr. Wbichoute (the uncle of the 
briiU) to itarj, the d&uchter of Chrinlophrr 
WhicboM*. In the fol^wino; Normibef h« 
waji«1««t«d T)<w-<;hanc«tloroirho unirvntty, 
butfilladlbaoffieofOTDolTonn jT-Kf. Aloiif 
witk hi* nuatenliip he held other prvfRF- 
nenta. In NoTMnlwi IWii bn wu pracntod 
hjr Ibe rollen to ibo recUiry of Gramly in 
Cunbti^mliin-, and id April 1603 to the 
living of Doiion in Dockinghnmshicv ; the 
Ultn', howgivorthc appearv to haTe rwiened 
in Mav I6.S4. 

In ikiober 1660 WorthinjUoD wm dia> 

nisced from hi* mutcnhtp of ivtxu Culli^ 

U order to nwlle wny for the rutonition of 

Dr. Ridiaml Slertio [q. v.], who hud LiiuMlf 

bMUtjeclcd from tl^u po»t iu 1^4 in make 

w«T for the poritan Tliomm Young (I5H7- 

I6AA) [q. V.J Writing to Slnmo na (he 

otcarion, Worthinftton uy*: ' I nnvitr hod 

any ■nbiUoim dcsinu to inch a plnre, . . . 

tor when I was hroufrht in I could with 

u nach eh««rfuIoM« Iuth \rU it fur ;ou ' 

(Ditrjf, L 30). Od hja succiiMur'H arrival 

MrncviTvdhin with overflowing hoHpitHlity, 

sw) eialil^<d his own finjojioent of miuic 

(in wbieh he wa* himulf a pmlirii'nt) \tj nn 

dabornUe perforxnancn in his honour. lie 

now relircd to hi* living at Dillon, and from 

1066 to I6S2 carried on an inTi^rMthiff corro- 

«ponilenoewiiUSBinuelIIaitlib[i].r.J,which 

eoBlaina Mane uotoworthy iUuttrations of 

iho tandraciw of acadpmic thon;i;ht at Caio- 

liridg|«U>d«lMwh«ri<atthi*pAnotl. In 1IW3, 

howttver.ba r*«ifpicdthi'liiint[«f Dillon for 

that of Itarkin|{ and Nordhnm in Suffolk, 

and about the same iime n-us collated (o 

tlie ainMuni living of Mouitun All Suiiila 

in Norfolk. He wm ttill f»r from alllueni, 

and writing lo a fri«nd (28 Oct. I6IM) h» 

aaja : ' Our nxpptiva* will bo bxyond onr 

rwmpu^ ond jt* «re an a< fni^l, bolh for 

£*t and appaiel. %* ire con lie' (Diary, ii. 

138), Ho waa now appointed pros uher at 

die ebuich of Si. Ben«t Fink in London, and 



rsmavo{l to the riiy. Writing to Whicbcoto, 
he «peak«of 'todiauaandloneaomejauraajii 
between London and Suffolk in winter' uid 
' ptinful and solitary tirinn al Oreaham 
College.' lie ooutiuuTd Ihtougliout the 
dIwuu faithful); Iu dituhargo the dsiie* of 
nis London cure ; but in S«D!«mbra 1606 his 
church aiul bourn were boin burnt down ia 
thagrrac lirr,and thun^ordof hiisit<I'»rinmi 
tbrough that viiiilBtioii in one of conudprablo 
intetiot. In the following Noi-embei hia 
friend Henry Mom ( 101 1-1G8T) fq. v.] pi»- 
leoted him to the nctory of Ipgddthy in 
LtDCobuhire, OQ nhich occaaion Wonhing- 
tOD (poakaof having been 'kindly and n. . 
ontertainad' by himat l{neli>y. Tothinpr 
fonncnt Archbixhoo .Sheldon added the pr. 
b<.>ndof.\«garliyinl.ini.'olnCatliednU. Aboa 
this lime, huwtver, hia heallh lHV*n to failil 
and the lorn of hia wife(A<igiiatlaiB7), whiukl 
be dracribe* a« mnhing 'tne rural aolilucte' 
mora colitnry and un<-niofbrtabl«,' deler- 
mintd him to acen^t lh« aMtoinlinnnt of 
'lecturer' nt the pariib church of llai^knry, 
under iia vicar Ur. Jamcuon, with the view_ 
of being nearer ' frirn'In uud books.' 
doa alMO aucceasfully exerted his iullil 
to procora for him (he Ii^om of the rector 
nf St. Bwiet Fink; but before this conld I 
cnrrii-d into efivct Wnrlhingtnn <lii'd. Ho 
wai in tlie fifty-fourth ymr of hi> age, and 
waj buried on 30 Nov. 1671 in the chanoeli 
of the church at HucknrT. Hii fuse 
vermoii won preached by Tiflolauii, who ]_ 
uounced a hieh eulo^ium ou hiH character 
and rirtuM— Dis peculiar rneril, in the 
ptvachnr** eatimation, having boxs ' his 
groat leal and indtiatrv to be uinfui, ea- 
pcicially in thoic thintpi whirh tended to tbo 
protnolin^ of puty and learning.' 

Wurlhinglon hud five children. John 
(b. \i> June l<Hi3), his only son and heir, 
was educated at Eton and at Jacua CoUegt^ • 
Cambridge, whenc«v after taking bis M.A.I 
dogf«», ho migrated to Prttrhoiiiio. Ho 
declined to taka the oaths at tho lIi'iolutioR, 
and appears Kubiiequenlly to have rciided in 
London. He dird in !'37. and woi buried 
in St. Johu'x. Hachnev. Uf the duufrbteri, 
Damaris (6, 'J April llilil ) married Naioauiel 
TnroM, a lini-ndraper of Vleet fitreet, by 
whom she hod nine children ; .\nn« marrira 
Mcahach Smith, formerly of Jcnu* Collcgi!, 
L'nmbridgc. nnd aftorwai^lj vicar of HeniK)n 
iu Middtmc'x; the olhor two died in in- 
fcney. 

lly his oontemnorariea Worthingloii was 
gnnernlly regarded aa an ArmJuiau; but hia 
tvmpaihieie were railier philoMpliical than 
(hcal<^cal, and h« ihanid with tlia ichnol 
of tho Cambiidgn I'latonista (lo which Iio 



Worth ington 



4» 



Worthington 



stood ID rloM Tiflftiian) ti)i>ir dUUh« to (log> 
nuic inl<rfonuica. A warm mlmirvr of 
Oolet uid Erumiu, hia iracUinji was 
dinetnl (owanla tbo dcvvlopeaciiC of « 
liberal C%riMiaii ipiril rntlier llun U> 
' opLniotia tod uEra-vMBnlwU.' Bui, wUUo 
AverM fram & loo rigid inurpraUtioa of 
doclTini', lip nroj) distjn^whed Vt )><* can 
and <mct.iii!Ni in tiu ltt«Kry l&boiini, aad 
kk «ditiati of the vorin of thv 'ineom* 
pamlilc ' JiMcpIt M.'iii? '(]. v.] — iho father, i" 
iK>m(!mipecti,(>f ib'CDiiibriilKFtnaveiDent — 
wasrefurred to byTUIouoDiu 'a oioiiunimi 
lik«]^ to HADd CO bon^ a* learuinj; and iv- 
ligion alwll continne in the world ' ([ir»f. to 
tbe3fiKWIiniw,1704«dit.) HlalikeUbaam 
OB hi* cditicn f I-^ndnn, IDCO) of tli* ' SniMt 
DiKOurui ■of John Bmilli (1618-1653^ \t\.r.] 
of QaHcos'pri-'wn'edtlicinfrom the oUivion 
ivtowbich.notwitlutaiidiiigtbeirliiftlinK-Tit, 
ttief would otherviae faavn falleii. UU 
traiuilBtionof ilio' Delniitalioiio 'ofThnmaa 
i Krinpi^, piilj!i^hf>d iinilrr ilin litlo nf ' The 
Cbriitian's I'nttf.m,* linit npppnml io 10A4, | 
nnd nrnl thrnii([b niimnroim cdilioas. C)f 
that of 165-1 no copv u known to cxirf. 
Tile edilion tif I(tT7 was t,hu bnnis of Jubn 
WeAlur'n t'dition, altlu)ii|;b Le appears to 
haT« ailoptixl ii ill ig-uoraot^e of ili? racl. I.liat 
he waabuildiiig on tbelflboiiniof Woribiog- 
ton {BAlmnt^j/, pp. 1.V17). 

A ' HiblioBTuphy nf Worku writ.Ii-n or 
<Klit«d ' bv Worthington, compiled by Chan- 
cellor It. <". Chriniiu, wa» publishod' br f ho 
Chelhnm tsiciuly (ne'v aer. vol. xiii.) in 
ItS^, in nhic^ tb« uillowing vh eTiutaurultsl 
aa bi8 oirn wntlu;^: I. ' Yfrnn'irMaic £y<' 
fiirui' Tuv Xi^r. A Formof Sound W(iiH»: 
Or n Swiplnm ('nrcdiuini ; nbowing irhnl n 
('lirUtiim in to bcUnva and nract.iin in order 
to Salv-nlion," Uiodon, 16j3, 167J, 1678, 
1681,&c..Svo, 1723. 12nio. 2. 'Thefirwit 
Duly of 8vlf-R>^«i);naliou to lh« Divine 
WiU.'I^ndon. lfi7S, 8vo, TbSs also wout 
tbTDUph niinKiroiio [■diliona nnd wn» irnn«- 
lated into (I«ninii. 3. 'Ttio Dnclrinn* of 
the ItrsurrpKlion nnd thp Unwnrd to came, 
conBidt-n-d u ihr Rrand MolivM to nn Holy 
Lift',' Loudon, lOltO, Svo. i. 'Cburitaa 
Bvangclica : a DI«ooune of Chiisluin Loro,' 
LoftdoD, 1691, Ato (piibli#bcd by hia aon). 
6. ' I'omui of Prny.T for a Family,' London, 
1603, 1721, l^mo. Thi* wiui bUo translated 
into OiTinnn. 6. ' Miacoltanir.^ . . . nl«o a 
Collt^clion of EpistlM; with the .^ulhori 
Cliaracldr by ArchbisliouTillotaun,' London, 
lil>4,8vo. I. ' Selocl Di*coufBWj . . . wilb 
thn Author** Chnnuttn-,' London, \"2'), Avo. 
Tbn edition of l»2^ ' to whii^h i> addi-d 
!lati'chUm,' ciintAioR 1, 3, 3, 



bjJamfl 

Cbathu^ 



[Diar; aad OomBfoimti^ adllo) bj 
CmhIdj and R. C. (Mitir for th* Cb«Ui. 
linc'My. 3 Tola. ; ADioUoftraphy of Simne Pa* 
trwk; MS3, Halrr, i«1k. *i. iTiii. aad xxriii.; 
BnrdgtM • lUMitolB. toL i. : Kobuuon*s Karao- 
ruia or ITaekan. li. 70; KidMla'a LAtttiUr- 
ahira, Hi. 131 : Tntlocb'a RatMual Tbeolon in 



Scriptu 



and 4. 



EagUnJ. ii. 420-33.] 

WORTniNGTON. THOMAS <l&tl 
1633^1, i.rMidfiit of ItoiuT College, burn i 
injil ■! lllaiiiMongb or BlmoKO in t h« pAfii' 
of t^lnnduh, ntiar Winn, LaocubiN, wi 
■on of Biubard WortuuiglOB, tij bU wlf* 
Dorotby. dauchter of Tboraw Chamock of 
Cfaamoek to Ue aaine county (Dniin, CAurrA 
Hitt. ii. Wl). Iliafathnr, who iraaanoccB- 
iional coufonniil, thouRb at heart a tim< 
catholia, MDI him olwut lotiU to Drssmui 
Colloge, Oxford, wburu bo cndnatad II.. 
on 17 Uct. tfi70. Aftarwatda goin^ 
for conaciHiiCH* aake, h« vas admiuod ii 
th« l^ugliab Colleg* at Douay on L'> Ki 
lft7-J-a. In l.'.r7 h« wa« tsadn l).l>., a: 
tli« TMr following he rcmorad with :Iv 
of tbo collc^ to Rhriwi. Aftvmardii 
vni Mint on ihe mioion to England, 
hif laboun-d for wrcml yuan with groM * 
c«BS. In IGSJ he ivaa avited in hia lodf^nfa 
at lalington, and waa tomwidiataly coio- 
mitlwl flri^jner to the Totrpr, and 'put into 
thn pit. He wnx among the twftnty'««B 
joitiuta, aimiinnriiils, and other ' maamig 
priMta'whoon 25 Jan. Ififtt-Smrealiipfca 
at tlu- Tower wharf to bv ooaxeynA loPnuK* 
and banUhtid iho rwtln for evur bj vlrtw <f 
a couiniMion fno* the qneen (lloussHnv 
CAromcitt, iii. ISTB-SO; FoLtnr, Ilecord*,'u. 
132). 

lt«tiriDgtothaKng1UhOoll«ffa nt lUieiai^ 
Worthington remninod Uicre tul ho waaap- 
poinl<.>d by Ur. (afterwards Cardiital) AUiro l>i 
th^poti of crbaplain in Sir William Slaal^y*' 
ri^imi-nt in tlie Suomtli aeri-ict^ H« wit 
created D.D. hj Ilie untveraitv of Trwr in 
lu88. In inOOherMnrsed to'Rh<>taM,and 
wna nmployad in raadiog a loaaon of aanl 
divinity; butinlABI bnwaiBenttoBntMtb> 
and remitted to tho oaiap to vsetw* tha 
otlicn uf chaplain again. 

Un the daceaae of Dr. BaTret^rvndenl ef 
the Engliah CoUog^ of Donay, WottliiaciaB 
waa on I .Inly lain nppointM to b« bii(a^ 
CASwir hy fVkrdinal Caatano, pTOUclor of tka 
Knglish nation. Thia appointment waa mala 
chinlly by the inflmmeo of Fatbor Robot 
I'arBoos [q-»-], to whom Worthington look 
a KUL'ivt vow of ob(-di('un', and under Wonb- 
inglou'a dir«iction ntfw rulcn were impoicd. 
Tli« most, emineot profeMora and docton 
wi>m dismiwied : a jwnitwai appointed 0«r 
ri!«aor to tha atudonta, and no atamiwawia 



i 



Worthington 



^^V tbo Bivliprinc or tho luporior at tli* 
jeraita in England. SubMi{uentI<r ibo ■(• 
I giiered dergr pcCilionecl (or • TisiUtioa, (be 
I nwll b«se]lhU WonliiutOB iru removed 
^^A<oB lti« oOiw, and Dr. Muihevr KullisoD 
^^n.t-.J BDoiMnud in his pUce. 
^^P worUuBrtoa wu now inTiieil ta Bona 
' hf tbe Gudinal-proUctor, asd h« wc out 
froiD I>oiujoa la Ua<r 1613. On bimrriral 
lie batl an alIowaa» of tvro Iiuii'lrcil Itonan 
CtOw*saT«*r. with an apuctiuMit and dtM 
ibrhimaeUaiiO Awrivkt. lie wa* alto iMde 
«paat(>]icDDUn-,sti(l obuin«d & ptM« incan- 
naction with the ConnpiralMiii of th^ Tniitis 
of Prabibitrd Itoolci. \Vhik at Uoate. he iroa 
«dinitt«) a nu^mbor of tbc Umtotr. After 
naidins for two or tbceo jotni in Korae be 
obtainMl leaio to n!( urn tonU native countty 
trpon th« miMiOD. Ilvdiedatthehcpuaeof Mr. 
HUdle Aflliddle or Diddulpli, StAffonUiir«,m 
16*? ( A LLKT, Df/fiu-t o/Sir ir. StanU^i 8ur- 
mder of Dtrmiter, *d. MoTtrond. p. sir i-l 
Sodd nnXcf, bowoTwr, tliat ha died about 
1698. Father SoutbirellaiucrutbM he wa* 
a uoriee of Uie SbciMr of Je*iu at the time 
efbiadmUi. 

Tbei» ia a nortnii of liiia io the print «n- 
litW ' Th« rortnitiiro of tW Je«Mii8 «nd 
PricsUai iheyoMd to nit at Council in V.ng- 
land ' in tbc aeoiMid part of ' Vok pAbiili.' 

Wocthin^oa'aworlaare: !. 'ThaltoKme 
M Our I^die. OUwnriso cnlU'd our Ladin 
Pa*)<«r. With oihargodlii* exaiaitva,' KkX,' 
werp, 1000. l2tiM(anoa) Tbe preface, dat«d 
SB Mafcb \;m. i« Ap>oA • T. W. P.' «, ■ Ri- 
chard Briitoi Vigomitnuiii . . . Motiva,' 
Aru, 16(M^ 2 mU 4to : t.mnsktml rrom tba 
Bngliib, with a mDmnir of Itiiitowp prrSxoiL 
3. ' Annotalioiu, Tabin, Ac,' to tile (wo 
VoIiUMS of th> Old Tr^lainiiiil priuled a( 
Sirniaj, 1000-10 («f. Corro.v, Ithrimn and 
JWoy, p. 3S). 4. 'Ontaloiius Manrriim Ja 



43 



Worthington 



RelioMD an* proivd W the onlir written 
«r<^rJ of GoiV 4 pt*. ia 3v(vla. I>oiiar, 1818- 
1633,4to. 'nuiprcfRc<),dat<dl616,lsKigi>od 
'lUW.' Itluuboraatatodtbatthr^nTolaDiaa 
WNO printed in London, and that tbcr wm* 
■old by tba author at hie lodginn iii'Tum- 
buU Street tor 11«. (Gbe, Foot *mt itf Ote 

[Da Batker'* fiiLI. da ^>riiitinii ■!• la Con- 
Mgai* )!• Jhnik 1870. lii. ISil;D'>d<r* Cbaieh 
Hilt. ii.SSS. S80. Ml , iii. 88. and 'Hnniry'i «dit. 
lit. IM, IM: ikmttj Dinrica, p. 416; Vul^j'* 
Batfirii.i!. l04,Til.S46i<}ranc«r'< ]{i<4T-lii>t. 
of EogUo'l, 60i nitl. ii. SO : Hfen'i Hist. Mi>- 
Nani* Anf^icatia Soe. Jnu, p. 3&i; NotM nud 
QoariMiSidaar.ii. 104; Otiv«r'» JoaiulCoUM- 
lioat.p. S38: i^nnai't Uflmuin, p. 88 1 Bo- 
ipiitar of tbo UDircnit]> of Oifotd, i. 27B i 
Sonlhwtll'i Bib! Seriproram Snc Jmu. p 770; 
Wuad'«.UbonOsun.(lIIi>«).ii. 400, nod falti, 
i. >8S; T. O. La*'* Ardipriwt CoiiIKiTer»j, 
1898 (Camdon Sot.)] T. C. 

_WOKTH1NOTON", TIKI.MAS flOTl- 
IT'^l), Duminiuan friar, fourth MonnfTlMiaBa 
Worthiiigloa of Bkiiuwo in tbe pariah at 
Standiah, near Wigao, Loncanliirr, bv bin 
wift Jane, ddeat daughter of Juhu I'foiup- 
ton of Plomptou, Yorkahir^ waa boru on 
23 Not. 1671, and ivcpived hi* oducation in 
ibaeollom oftbelCng-liah ii-aiiitnat .St.thnor, 
In 1691 na entered tho Uoiiunii^an order at 
Ihu eonrent of Bomhcm in Klondeni, and in 
(be following tubt be nude hit lolvmn cuu* 
fMiion aa a meuber of the order, lie wa« 
ordained prit«t at Rome in I99S, and went 
afUrwards to (be college at 8i. Tbomaa 
Aqnina* at l^uvoln, when h« becaoia cao- 
ceativelr prof^wor of philoaophv, thoolorr, 
and SBon^d (criptare. lie gradiiitted Rj). 
in liOl, urai elwted prior of Bomhcin in 
ITOS, Bud rF>-«Ji>cii.>d in 1 70S. and was in- 
flitut«d pnur proviucial at Ensland. For 
nine yoan he laboured on the Eaglitli mia- 



Anglia ah anno 1fi70 nd anniun 1RI3.' »on, KimctiEnea in London, but ^aerallj in 
»._._. I i^i.. • .»•. n .» .. 1 . Vorlnhin* and Ijincaahire. On hi» return to 

Klandcru ho wnx again iiutnlldd prior of 
ft-Tnbpin, M Jan. 1717-18. He was crRHicd 
D.IK in 171^. wan cliK-'tcd prior of Ilornli>^m 
for tlie fifth timu in 17'J'i, and woa mmiu 
inslituled ptovinciol on 4 Jan. ITSS-d. snb- 
Mqneotl; ue became chaplain at Middtolon 
Ilall, th* tMsdoc* of lialph llrandtin^, in 
the pariah of Rothwell, nmr lj?eds. Ho 
dirU thern on 25 Fob. I7S4 (N.S.) 

His wnrku arc; 1. ' I*ralcgoni«EnB ad 
Sacram Script umm rt Iliituria S*cra 
ScIioIbsI ica Mundi nub lege Nnturn-.' Loit- 
TMD, 1701. 4lo. i. ' HLaturiA Sacm .Subo' 



Prinlod 1613 and 1614. Uxo. P^'EI[•d to 
this extnrmdy rare book in 'Narrnri,) ds 
Origiae SemioarioruiD, ft de Miuioni! tiacrr- 
dotum in Auglia.' Tlia CBtaloj;ue and narra- 
lion are talcao moellj fraiu the <y>llecf ion en- 
titled * Onnertalio EcclMin Catholiow in 
Anfflia'{»ecBniiMcwA'niR,Join(}.&.'Wlifle 
dj*d Blai^k. Or a Oiaconery of many moat 
&nU blcaiitfae*, ioiBoaturea, attd deceiptea, 
which U. Wlivtp baitfa praet.jnwd in hi* 
book enlit uled The way to the trun Church. 
Wriuen by T. W. P./ dnt loco, 1615, 4to 
[aee Wtrtrv, -lotrv, 1670-161o]. In a rrply 
lo this Praiwia Whit* fq.t.] wrote his * Or- 
Ibodos Faith and Way ta the Chnreh.' 
6. ' An Anher<i4' ('brlitian HoMrinn Wh»are- 
ibe tnO»l principal pointi:-" of ( 'nihil i.jv* 



ticaMundi,sablef^'Mo>aicA,siITFuipIii 
cnrionam.* Tiouvaiti, 1704, 4to, S. 'Hi 



SniTA Seh'jlaalipa Mimdi, iub li-i 



V 



Itistoria 
hlotaid 



Worth ington 



44 



Wortley 




ilTempli icdificatiuni! iid NativilatvmCliriBti,' 
ljoun'in,iT(sri,iio, 4.*AalaIr(iduali(intolhe 
Catbulic F&irli. Dy an Enfflub DominioD,' 
Luiiilou, 1709, Svo, pp. I£2. Tho suthnr- 
fhlnhiu bMDvrroMOUidjaicribod by Qurtif 
knil I'lcluud, in their ' ScriptoTM Ordinit 
PriciliiMiUirum," to FailitT Ambrow BurKiH. 
6. ' Annul m Fratrum I'riedioBlurum I'ru- 
rinciu AIlh•lil;SIlU^ R»!tall^lltit^,' 1710. Thi* 
nia[iuscri|ii, prMorvcd in tliu Arcliiv.'* of the 
pKivinw, coropride* n hi*lory of tlin convenl 
of Ilonihnm fnim iU foundation to tlin jauT 
]ff7A. It in a Lntin aliritl^tonnt of thi? 
' Anna]*' compilwl in Ftumish by Uyaoinili 
Coomaai, a lay brotlier, wbo died in 1701. 
Tbe Klemiili orif^inal is \n»l. 0. ' Ilistor; 
of Uiu Conrent of Donibnm, ihe Collc^ of 
Louvain, and Ihn Mnnaitttrj of I''nt;liili 
Sisters at IlmaMila,' priii!i><l iu Ilcmnrd da 
Jonffbi!'* ' Iklgium Uomiiiicanum.' BruMuU. 
1719, 4to. 7. ' Obitu'iry HoIIb of Bornhi-m,' 
conaiatins of nulictw of tli>.< relrgiuuH uf tbc 
Enfrlivh Uomiuicau proi iiii^i^ froru lbi> fuuiiiiA- 
llou of tlia oonrenl. in I6W down In 1710. 
H. A Iialin 'Mnmoir of itiilmp Willinm*,* 
i T14, Hvo, Th" wIjoIp conli'niii of this mnnii- 
wTipt hiivfibni-n piiblinlied ill ' -V ( .'i)n«wcntod 
Lifi- ' by thu Ittr. Hnvmund fulmtrr, 0.1'., 
wbich spiwnred lu *Mi'rry Fn^land' for 
November and Uvci^iuIht 1887. U. ' llrovis 
Pruvinciffi Anelicanai lEatio,' 4to. KUnii- 
aoript prewrveo in lbi» nrebiTca of ihs pro- 
Tincf; tb">ri* i« nUo n lran»crijif in the nr- 
cbivpfi of tbn ntDitnr-^'iiirtal of thu Uomini- 
caa order at Komn. 

ICHthulio Min^-nllnny. 18!fl, ri. 36S: (Khmn't 
Ljijinto llall. p. sua : Mnrry Hnj-I^nd. l8Sg-9. 
sil'i\ni^: 0Uv8r'«a>rnw.ill.p. lOB: pBlm«"« 
I.ir* of Cnnl. Homn). p. i:)0 i Pnlmor^a Obit. 
XnliPM of tbo Krli^Prfodwrt. p, 14.) T. C, 

WORTHINOTON. WILLIAM (ITO»- 
1778). divine, son of Tliotnu* WorlLinitlon 
of Aberliafi-^p, ^[ooI^Ulepyl^hilv, w«* born 
in 1703, nnii ediicRti'd nt (>iwn4lry ticbonl. 
lln wnn mntrirnlnlnd nt .Imih t'nllc^r<','*xfofd| 
n Mny 1722, rmd frradimli'd H.A. on 22 Fisb. 
I72&-6. Aftcrwnrdu hr brcnnit' n.-ihrr intUe 
•whoni at ()jiwi»try. Mr look ibu di^iirw of 
M^. at St. .fobn'v CDlte^fe, Cuuibhdge. in 
1742, wtui iucur|H>rHled in ibat dt'^fee at Ox- 
ford on 3 Julv 17*>8, and acLniiiiiilat^d the 
degrees of B.P. nnd n.ll. in ibe latter uni- 
versity on 10 Jnlj th'' unnin ynar. Ho n>aa 
Sitroniwd by Ffiinciii Ham [<!■ v.], binliop of 
t. Aiapb, who iin>in'ntiid liim in 1789 to 
tbo vii:nrB(('! if Llanvlilodwell, Sbropchire, 
and in I74-i rc^iuuved bim tu Llunrbuiiidr, 
Uenbij^bHliire. Ilary: also >,m>'i> bim tbe [■in.-- 
riire twtorv of I>aro«i'n. MonigoviiiTyshirp, 
io 1737; and ArebbiubnpDniniinoml.lowbijm 
1m bail been cbnplnin w unvuriil yean>, pr<> 



apatedliim in 1703to»»l«lliii th« c»tbednl 
of York. He died at LUnrfaaiadr os 6 Oct. 
177R. 

Hi* principal works are: 1. 'Ad Vutf 
on tfu! 8Rhnm« and Conduct, Pract^im and 
Kxtcnt, of Uan'a K*daeiptioa ; dongned liw 
the honour and illtutrstioa ol ClUMtiani^. 
To wbidi is anooMHl a Diawrtation on las 
Desini sod AmiBWut of tha Book of Job/ 
IjOndon, 1743, Sve: Snd edit- Milarged. I^on- 
don, 17-18, «TO. i. 'Th* Hi«oric»l Seaaa 
of iha Houuc Acconnt of tlui Fall ptOTcd 
and vindinUud,' London, 1761, Hvo. 3.'Tbe 
Van, Value, and IniproTvinent of VarioM 
Reedingi Hhown and ill uat rated,' Oxfordi 
I7&1, ^vu. ■!. 'A DisquiBilion coacenoinf 
ibe I/ord's Supper, in ordvr (o uscerUin Cba 
ri^lit Nnlion otic,' 1760, Sto. fi.'TbeBn- 
doncn of (^hriiiinnltv d»du(«d from Faeti. 
nnd tbr 'I'lTstiinony of SoiiM, tlmMubont all 
Agra uf tbb Church,' 3 toU. LoiM&in, 17091 
8v>), beinf; ibu Itoyle luctarta for 1706-& 
0. -Th^ Scripture Theory uf the Eulk, 
ihroiishout all its Revolutions, and all th* 
Periods of its l!xi«tence, from t>b« Craaiio* 
to thn (inni ICiinovntian of nil Tbin^ ; bnuc 
a Sequel to thn FMuy on Itodemption, and 
an Hlustnttiun of the Principlea on wbkh it 
is written.' Lorndon. 1773, svo. 7. ' Irenl- 
cuni, or (be Iinpurtauco of I'nitj in the 
Church nf Christ cun^ideredi and applied to- 
wnrcU tbe Ht^nling of our unhappy Difli^ 
^en(^-> end Ilivikinnii,' t77A,8vo. 8- 'Aoii^ 

E.rtinl Enquiry into Ibo Gun nf tba Gospol 
fmoniacki: with an Appotidix, conaidinn 
of an Ket<ny on Suriptura UvaionoluKy.' 177T, 
8vo. 1'liis was an attack on tlia opioion ei- 
pp'tsed b<r Hu^h Farmer [q.T.^a disaentiM 
minister, in bis ' Kseer on the l>oiBoniacW 
177n. 9. ' A further iCnnuiry into tbe Cub 
of Tho Uocpel l)i>3ionisr\s, occoiioand by 
Mr. Farmers Letter* on the Subj<«t," IT79, 
8vo, a posthumous publication- 

[Cookn'iPronchcr'iAuialAiit; Foat^r'sAlsmt 
Oton. ITLVIHHS: (iant. Mag. I7TS. p. >W. 
ilrwliiiiil Cuntjibr. (1813), p. tSO: La SitT°'< 
F"Bli (Hanly), iii. SQ«, SOS: IfiebolE*< Lii. 
Anecd. rii. iTl '. Watt* BiW. Brit.; Willian*'* 
EiiiiTirnt WdUbmrn, p. Gil.] T. C. 

WORTLEY, STUART-. [See SruaM- 

WoRTLBt.] 

WORTLEY, Si» FRANCIS (IS91- 
1652), poet, born in 1B9I, was mn of S«r 
Richaril Wortlny, kniebt, by Elizabeth, 
dau^htiT of Kdwnrd Ruii^hlou of Cawstoa, 
WanviKkshirp, who became aArr Sir Hi- 
efmrd* death (liMXi) the wife of William 
Cftvendisli, earl of Peronshire (EtirMKa. 
A'utJt Vr-rktAiif, ii. 316). Wortley matri- 
culiii<:id from Mo^alcn Collega^ Oxford, oa 



17 F«b. 1flOA-9, VIM hn^bt«d on Ifi J»n. 
ll)IO,uidcn«t«<l*b«jo««>ton ^Junoieil 
(Fo»mt,^himntQnN. lfiOO-l7U>. In tbn 
ibiM pulikBCBta of 1834, leSH, and t62tt 
tw npTMented Em! Retford, and wu oiu; of 
tha cvididatiw of 8ir ThumBH Wentwirrth 
fbr Yorkiliirv in 162^ (CiRTWRiOHT, C^ap- 
Un ^ Yttfktkin HUtory, 1^72, [.p. iJIJ :fti ; 
Straford hftUrt, i. S9>. tl» w«« aiweiMd 
aOJl towudc the fimwd loan of 162S and 
DMda MHiM omoMtioB to ita payinent [ii. pp. 
SaS, 360)l In 1696 Iw bad a doel with Sir 
Jobn Sarik ud wu reportiHl to be killed 

iVvHH and Timet of Ciarlet 1, i. US ; 
IrHTEX, p. 317). Vi ood dMcribea Wortlo)' 
M aa ' iDg«Dioua gentlaman,' who trod ' in 
the itepa of hi( irnrthv sncRMoni in limpi- 
lality,cbaritj,nndKnail ni'lglibourhond-' lla 
«raa a friend of >tcn .loniuiit, and contributed 

|ia'JiMBoiiiu\'irbaiu'(1^3>^l InSqilvmlxr 
iaWbe«l]t«rtaiiiedJoliuTaylur[lJM)-II!.'>a) 
[ikT.JtUie waipr poet, uboLis left an account 
rf kia Timt to %S'liimcliire ( P^rt ./ rAu Sum- 
9irr'» TravfU, or Nnct/rr/m HtU, Hull, and 
Baltfax.f. :!3). In tbr diiputnc n-liich prc- 
c»daiIttieb«fuuiinf[ol'tlic civil war Wunlej- 
£tttngvMlied hifflaelf br tus nnl for iLe king. 
wboBi be BoooapaBiM in the atT^mpt to 
obtaia poaaMHon of Hull (Virts», Part. 

Olroa. I. 81 ; cf. WOKTLKT, Dfrlartti'in in 
Fiinlit»ttimi qf AimMl/, llJilM. Thti llouiw 
of CoBmom on 2A Annl 1042 ordered him 
to be wnt fcr M a delinquent, but the vote 
waa fraitkw {Ctmmimf JoumaU, ii. MO). 
lie jntniaoaed hit boiue at WorrK-y wiib 
ll>OdragMiM,andirajioueuf tlieiuOBi active 
auiiporti-rti of Th» hiiig in MUlb Yorkthiro 
(IIi-KiTK, ii. 317). On 3 .Tiinn ltM4 Wort- 
Wj w«* captnr>«d bj ihi" pnTlinmcnlnriiinii at 
the taking of Walton IIoidu-, ond on 2:; Aug. 
followinn he wii» Mint lo the Tower (^Ucsh- 
VQBTH,v.<U^: Comm<a>tJouraalt.iii.&Xi), 
In ibe Tower he Rmainnl fur wrtrrat yeara, 
euSering^, like olber royalitt pri8oneni, i;r«nt 
hardship* bcnuiae pafliameot onflicntrd 
tbair aMatca luid made (TO tllowaiii^n for 1 hdr 
maintcaaaco, in apito of r^peati-d pi^titionit 
^A IneXttatioit^the l^nparaltttfi Opprts- 
man nniMml nwii Uf Genttrmm I'ntanert 
in llie 7oBvr.I&17,4li>). CKi 10 Aug. 1617 
King Cbartea sen! Itie prisoners in tlieTow«r 
a br»ce of fsi bncfc» f>>r a fetu-l, which icift 
and banqiHl Worllny colibntfil in a bnllnd 
MBtAUUBS characters nf tho dilTorent pri- 
•oatn. Of hinmclf bo Mjra: 

Frank Woitlajr Imlh ■ joiial aoul, 
Vrt MTcr win BDOi clubman; 

Ba'a for Iha biahap* anil Ilia clmreb. 
Bat («■ Mdnra no labmHn 
(Wright. I^itical Ualladtputtithifd dunng 
tht Commomeeall*, ISIl, p. 91). About 



16411 or (Hirhapa earlier be waa r«?leawd finin 
the Tower, Kimponndrd for hia Mlai)t, and, i 
bein^ much iR*debl, ' livrd ia tb* WhitttI 
Friani near Fleet Stmt in London,* wher^l 
according to Wnod, he died {Alk*n» Ounm.] 
iii. 39^). In bis will, daled » Sept. lOBi, ■ 
he detiired to be buried at Windiior with hia 
bther. Il u'a« ptoved iu Lundon. IS Sept. 
lOTiS, by hia >on. Sir l'>ancia (Jaonox,* 
Y«Tk*hin niarirt, i. SRI). ' 

WortlfiT ■■ deicribed a* 'a tall prop 
man, with grey hair' ^ib.^ Aa engniTiidl 
iHirlnut in incfclioned by lirumlcy (p. 81), 
He marriMl Qraoe. dHUghtTrr nf ,Sir \V illiaiu 
Brounckeruf Mvlii«lmin, Wiltahiiv, and bad 
by her two chiliin^n ; .Sir Fntacis, who soc-l 
reeded him ; nnd Margnmt, married ta Sir 
Ilrnry UrilGtb, bart., of Agnn Iturton. 
Yorkshire. Snrnb.hii daughter by hiiaccuna , 
n-ife. Knler. diiuifblcr of Qeorge Smitbia^l 
aldcrmiui of London, and widow of .~ " 
man £jreof Coleman Street. uiurTi<.Kl 
DretteridgeofNowha11,York»hire(C>i/«i 
of t/w Committfr/ur f\imp<-unditiff, p. 1376 11 
lInNrKH, ii. 326). SirFmnci* Wortlny.th*^ 
(econd baronut, married Fmncn, daiif[hlcr 
otSr Willinm FaunI of Freeston, LJnnoln- 
■hirv, but died on 14 March ItHJo, tt^aTiugnO. 
legilimale iMue. He beiiueut.heii hid enlat«6-l 
lo his natural dnughter, .\nne Newconien, 
and the married tiidnpy Montagu (uvood 
MH of tha tint Knrl of Handwieb),whu took 
the none of VS'orlicv (I'i. ii. 319 ; y^rktAire 
Dlarift, i. 2!i2). 

Wurtlt'v waa the author uf : 1. ' Jliii Duty 
delineuttiJ iu hiB Pioua Pity and ChrUtiau , 
Oommiwralion of tho SorrowH of . . . Elixa 
heth, (Jne^n of llohtmin,' lfl4l, 4to (igiioteil 
hv niiui in bin edition of \Vooii'» Allmiif, 
iii. 3HI). S. 'Linei dedicated to Fame and 
Trutb,' 104L'. 4to (ou the same nubject). 
3. ' Charoclvn and EleKiet,' 1(110, 4ta. This 
consists cbietly of iioemit on the royalist 
noblemen and gimtlenu'n hilled during tbe 
war. .'Specimen* of the characien aiB^ 
printed in DliKt'i edition nf rnrU'e ' HlCP 
conmogmpliy,' ISII, pp. 298, 299. 4. 'A' 

Lo^nl Bong of the Koynl Feint kept bv the 
E^iHonera in the Tower.' 1017, fol. (reprinied 
in WbIOBT's Political Ball'id* publithrd 
during thr GimmrMv^t/IA, J'ercj S"K. 1841, 
p. Si). 1. ' Mnfcuriuii Itritanuiciifi his Wel- 
comii to Hell,' 1617, 4ta. Hi> wnM.e alxo two 
pKMe paiophletar 6. ' Declaration in Vindi- 
rationof bmaelf from divem.\i>|ien>ioiisand 
Kumottra conceniing tb« drawing of his 
Sword and otht-rAet 10 ns,'lftl2,4to (reprinted 
in the York»Aiir Arrits'iloi/ieal Jimrnal, viii. 
896). 7. 'Truth ssferted by the Doclriue 
nnd Practice of thn Apostles. Sic, \\x. that 
Episcopacy is Jure Diiino,' 16(2, 4to. 



W'ortley- Montagu 46 



Wotton 




[A lito of Wuit1«; lud a poligraa or Ibe 
FaBili ara eonuiiitd in Uanlar'* Suulli York- 
■hiN, tL3IG-IR, 8UI ; Wiwd'*Ath«iiK Ozoo-Kt. 
BaiM, iii. 3V1 1 Ynckihira ItMjiit Cotoporition 
Pqwn.ti. M, IftT, iti. 30. HiLrUun UH.-ilOD; 
oUiar kOtluMritia mcntionnl in the ariirlu J 

f. H. F. 

WORTI.Ey-MONTAOa. EDWARD 
{17)3-1770), nuclwr nod tnrdkr. [S«e 

WORTLEY-M0STAGO.L*BtM,\BY 
(iee8-17ifci). nnler of ' l.«ter».' fSr* 
M0TTA8C.] 

WOTTON. AHTllONY (ISBIF loai), 
diTine, bum in I..<nid>]n kbmit VMl. vn* 
cdacateii al Klini, whence ho wu ctifU*! 
•diol&r of ICin^t's Collcfii', Caiiibrid);ir. bring 
tdniitud on 1 llrt. I.i7». Ilia lulor via* 
lit) WLUJnm Teiupli- (1.*.,".,'.-1IJ27) [([.v.! 



io mduBtod iJ.A. ill IWS, unci proModed 
M^. in luOT and B.D. in 1A94. In tba 
UtKT yvM he Aigonted iritli Jnhn fnlicnanrdi 
bi«lu>p) Oromll ^q. V.J at OunbndKi^ heTorn 
tlu! l^rl of K«*<'X, vliD niida biro liia chap- 
Uin. On thi- dcntb of Williara ^STiitnlwr 
(IMS-lMlft) [([. v.] in ibu following voar 
WoUon wrolH »Dine uulogistlc vpree», which 
*•!« printed in Whilalter'g' Worku' (IBIO, 
p. 708),*nd bocamu ft Cjtn Jidntp for thn n-^iiu 
pRibMorKhip of divinity vncnifld by Whtta- 
bnr ; ihouf^li Wolton ii kk biahlj commended 
for hi* dLiputBlioo, OtowII wu electM by 




1A90, on tlui Mtabliahiiienl of GrMb&m 
College, Wottwi wm appointed it* flret 
profomor of diviaitj, biil hfl lidd tlic post 
IrM than iwu yeor*. vncntintt it and hi« 
fuUowship al King'* on hi« mnrtiai^, nit 
27 Out. I.i98, lo SvU'll, agud 28. duuaLliT 
<if William llriikv of L*li-worlb, MiddivHci. 
Woltnn now Waiiio lecturer M All 
nallnwii. Itarkitifi. a |>o»l which li« held till 
faiadnatli: uU bis book> nn> daletl from bis 
hoiiUAon TuWiff Hill, lliii failure, in Hpito 
of hii Ituoing nod abitilipn, to obtain 
farther pmfermrnt nu duo to hiv puntan 
t«(idMio>e«, but he bvcuuKt a wdl4inowa 
and popuUrprcadu-T. In 1601 bu was ni»- 
Moded hj Bancroft, bis prayer that * the 
Lina't Oft* miKhl bo opened ' beiiic tnken us 
an uminiuiljon that th« hinjc nil* blind. Thn 
nupeiuiou diif noi hut long, but in 1611 
Wolton WBP altacted from u dilTi-'rcnt 

? Hurler. Goorgn \V«lher {1"S1 ?-ll>ril) 
q. T.J Bccuwd bim nf oociniani^ro ; tliis K^d 
to a 'coofenrtici'' uf learned divines, wliich 
Mulwd to Wutton's vindication. TIk* con> 
troTctiy vent ontiU 16l-'>. and in l(ill,lonf[ 



nftpr Wotton'ft doatli, Walker c»|X4led hia 
occuutvon*. Tbi« pTOToknl 'Mr. Anthony 
Wotlon'alMiinM' {Cambridjiii, 1611, 4lo), 

8ahli«bMl tutier the nanie of Thomoa 
'Biakur [i|. v.], wbo, h©w*viir, only wrot* 
th« poaucripi, tbx ' Defencu ' bein^ bjr 
Wotlon's son, Samuel (»m> below). Walker 
r«pti«d in ■ A Tme tUUiton of th* damA 
PawMii Ix-twnrn Mr. AntbonT Wottoaud 
Mr. UaorgR U'olker is . . . 1811, and ia tba 
Ymtm n^Kt following . . . tUI lUlS ' (Lcm- 
don. I<U-2, 4t»). 

Wotion died oa II Htc. 1036 in hU 
hou»e on Tow«r llill, leaving «eT«iT«l sow. 
llio eldMl, Antlionv. boni ui IW6, diad 
young. ThaMcand,Samuc1,bomon90 Anf. 
1000, wa« educated at Eton, and tlactadi 
, fellow of Kinjt'i C<^^*( CambrMfa; 
cntdtuOed M.A. in ]02»i tad •obaeqi* 
1) J)., and waa pnatated b/ the won 
Kton t« the rectoirorWeffi Wrotbaia,] 
folk, on 39 April ll»0. He divd on 4 Feb. 
16SU-I <Li: .Nkvk, Jifoa. ^V^<nt<>. r- IW; 
Bi.uxt:riELO, Xor/aUi, iii. 319). Boaidea 
tli<! 'Defence' of Un bthw, ho truulatad 
Hf-rre de la Knmfie'* ' l^SK,' which wa* pn^ 
liabtid bv bJB father in 1626 a» ■ Th* Ane of 
Loeidce salherod out of Arist0tl«* (Loadooj 
Avo), and waa dedicated to Janeii, TiMOoai 
Doncaatnr. Tho third mmi, John, bIm fellow 
of Kitijt'* and vicar of Weedoa, Northomp- 
tonohire, was ujoctud fur rrftuing the *ra> 
gBffumcnt ' in KIOOl and died oboat 16G0. 

H'oiiou was autW of ; 1 . 'A Thteaot of 
Mr. Perkine*4 Booke calM " A IWonMd 
Cnthalicke" woinM the C'auils of a Pofoib 
Wfin-r, one II. 1'. or W. IJ. [ijj. Williim 
Bialiop [q. T.\ bishop of Cholcodaa], in hi> 
"Ddbmied lieformalion.'" Loodoe, 1606, 
4to, a aubBiontinl nurk of m hundred iNgca 
dedicated lo ibe Earl of Salisbun [cf. art. 
TEtKUXs Wit,uA)i\ 3. 'A Trial of tb« 
Itomiih Clergivji Title lo the Church. Bj 
Way of Antwer to a I'obiiih PomphM 
writtun by one A. D. nntl entitled "A 
TrerHiw of Faith,"' London. lOW, 4lo. 
Till* provoked 'A Reply made unto Mr. 
.\ulhouu> Wotion and Mr. John White[Hi« 
Whitb, Joux, IsrO-lfilA;, by A. D.,' nn 
plaiw, 1612, 4to. .t. 'SiTinon* upon a Pin 
of tho Crtt Chapter of the (io«p«l of St. 
John, proochod in the Puuh Church of All 
Hallowe, Barking, in Londna,' London, im^ 
4to. 4. ' Runne frain Rome, or a TreoliW 
ebewing the NecvsBilie of aepanlinf{ from 
the Cburvh of Rome,' Ixtitdon. 16-.?4. 4tn; 
i'nd(idit.]638,12mo: in this nnrk Wotton 
seek* to confute IWllarmine. & ' Do Re- 
concilialiono I'cnfalori* libri v.,' ItoiJe, 
l&il, 4(0: novopyoflhuutD thi; Ilrit'uh 
SIoMriim. 




Wotton 



47 



W^otton 



[Col*'* ■HMoript CUlMtioDH, xif. ITS-SI, 
«. 90-1, 110; Wud'a CtoliBm I'rofo*.r». i. 
SS-IS, toi hia isi>r«llAiwoiu coll'i^iaiu in 
OnHham CdII<«s Id ftnc Mua. Add. MS. «194. 
pp. 2SI-3i Fnsnt Ftck ia Brit. Moi. Add. 
M.<v 6209. f. 87 ; Honrood's M Etoaan***, pp. 
189, 3Sl : ChMtar'* Lctidiia Mkrr. Li«RM«: 
F«Un^ BM, of Camtir. p. T3 : Rflpin'a Hilt, of 
Enftmd. K. SIO. 2H. «9 ; Br.wV» Lire, of 
thm PariUBi. ii. 318-9 : Kmm aad QtieriM. 8(h 
Mr.n.34;WoII«n's Wo^,«ndaatliaHti(M<:(l«l 
iatoM.] A.F. P. 

WOTTON, SiB nnWAKD (1489-15.iI), 
trcttjuror o/ Onlnii. bom ia 1499, was ihc 
«lde«t wm of Sir Itobctt Wott«D, bj- bis wifi> 
Asnc, dnufltilcr of Sit Heurf Bclkuati, Sir 
Robert vaA gnjMkoB of NicholM Wolton 
(l3"^-UlS),ttmtmh«tof lIieDrnprrs'Cotn- 
paaj uf IvMiilof), who wan Hbi>riir in I'lOU 
•nd lord stjor In 141-^ anil i^fnin in 1430, 
sad fi g iir MU ilM Iho ciIt iu patliaiDQiit ooa- 
tiniiaiul? fiuo 1400 to 111>» (Off. Met. I. 
SffiMSlO). He aoiuirvd tixe n&DOr of 
Bou^tod Malbnbe, Ki-nt, by his Di&rria^ 
wiUt JotM. Old}- daugliiirr Aod heir of Itobert 
Coctne of ibat pUc«i and ww nicc«ed«d by 
bi* MB NidioUs, irba di«id on 9 April 14B1 
(CW. Imi-pott HMTbin, Ilnnnr VII. i. 09t): 
ifaa latter'* Mja, Sir Itobert, boni in 1 Wo, wai 
kaighlcd b]r Edward IV, «vrved 05 alivriff of 
K«9tt in 1496-9, *ru mode liuutHuaot of 
OaiMiM, and from 1310 lo t/il9 w&a koisht- 
poflvrofCalaii!. II« leftiawotwo «on8,F>d- 
ward snd Dr. Ntcbotaa Wotton [q.v.1, and 
three daiigbtoni,ofwbaia Ma^nt (d. Ifill) 
■m* tbo Micond vifd of Thanna Ctnty, whmiuI 
Diarauii of Oowet [q. v.] 

Edward finl apjvani in tJie oomnUMion 
of tlic paac« for hent on i June I&24 ; »iib- 
toqucuilr bis name wM cencrally included 
in clw ootamtiaoDs of tne pMCe, of gaol 
dfilinrr, aod ajvt and toraunor for tbo 
UMinlT. He wa« kniftfatcd before "Hi .\pril 
1A2S, and on Not. ItiL'9 was it|ipr>iiiic.l 
•bcriffuf Kent. lleKconiiiiLniL'dUi-nr>'VllI 
to Oabu in l-'>33, Uading on II Oct. (Cftmn. 
Iff Calai*, p. 42), oQlcialM at the coronation 
of Ann* Itolcjn iDllVt4,and at tli« chri*t«n> 
ing of Edirard VI in 15-S7. Ilo wna again 
abBrifTof Kent ia 1635 6, and in December 
lAaO WM one nS the knigkl* <ent to Cnlai* 
to receive Anne of Cleviii. He smuu tu 
hare eagvrl; adoptod the princiulea of tht? 
Adonaation, and in September 1S38 a oor- 
n^ondtnt told nnllinffer tliat Wolton had 
r«c«T«d on* of tbo t^ommt'% book* ' with 
tba giCBl«*t MlM&etioa.and u diligt^itly cn> 
noad opoo it ' {Orig. Letters, I'arkpr Soc. ii. 
612). In July 1^0 Hrory MH inlinuifd 
Ilia tatimtion of reviling iL« otSioi oTtruaHirrr 
of Calat*, and appoiotia^ to it baa Inuly 



'oouneilkir * Sir Ed wstd Wolton, whoM patmdl 
WB» dated ^ Not. foUowing. Tbe pb 
doca not neoMMrilj imply tbat Wotton «■ 
mcnbor of ibe Bnglufa privy council, and I 
ia not teoordedaaattAiMitiganyof ilai 
iaga durtog Heary't retgn. Alter the 
duttOB of tbe war n-iih Tranea be urvnd • 
tbe veriona cnnrniinnioni appointed in 
Ear delimiting fleon-'n conqucat, the BoulOD* ' 
nai* (State J'apert,lltatrrVUl,u. IBlaqq.; 
Oorr. Put. de Odet de Selrt, paasiui). Ai 
curdinj,' Id HolimihL-il. Henry VlU oSi-redl 
maki! Wotlou lord c!i rko collar ; the o 
improbable in nnyciu,), it RiorelilielTtAl 
benn made In Sir i'Ulwnnl'ii brotbor jCteholM'^ 
(lirUquUt H'ottoniatiir, t-d. 1«85), 

ilcnrr VIII uumiuaied Wotton one of 1 
exi^c^ulurs, and n privy coiuiciUur lo hia : 
Edward, tbuMgb AVuKuu's official aop 
Bt L'aUio, LocdCDbliain,wa»Deiiher. W 
reoiaineil a privy councillor when Soma . . 
roconM.nirlM th'n council in March 1646-9 
but bin dulic* at Cnlai* prerentod hi* 
quent attendance at the counuil board, in 
April be waa again madu a comniiiaiDner 10 
settlo till.' diipuiM aa to tbe frontier of th« 
Boiilunnain, and the growing boetility of 
France kept him hiigj wiib prenerations for 
defence. On 13 Mnrch 1M7--8, taowenor, ha 
»igned tlio eouneil't letter ordering the i 
mini*traUun of the eacnnicnt in one I ' 
only, and on 17 Jan. IMH-D Joined in _ 
ceedinga aniiut Thomaa S^mour, baron 
Seviauur or Sudeley fq. v.] In September 
following he again came over to take part in 
WarwicK'a tchemo for ovorthmwina Somer* 
«ot. Ilo vrao lodging in Warwidi Lane, 
llolborn, on the 18ib, fau ligaud the cuunul'a 
maniluMo ngainsl ihu Proteolor on 6 Oct., 
and accompanied tbe other ouunoillora lo 
Wiudtor *ix daya latw, when Somerset waa 
arrested. In Kovambor bo appear* to hav* 
rctumn) f n Calnio, but a ycAr iatnr he waa 
again in attendance at the council. IIoxlixl 
■tale* that he died on d Nor. l&uO, bat he 
attended the council on the 23nd of that 
monlb.und in January ISM-l watenppreM- 
ing disorder in Kent. In tbe aame year 
atiio he was included in various commiiuiona, 
amODg whicb tbn vonng king prnpoxed to 
divido the work of the privy council. Appa- 
rently it wn» on 8 Nov. 1551 that be died 
(Inifuisitio pott tnorlem, Edward VI, vol, 
xciu. No. 113) : he was buried in Boughton 
Malberbe church. 

Wotlon married, flr*t, Dorotby, fourth 
dnnghter of Sir Uotwrt Itcdo [q_. v.f<«heilii»d 
on H .Sept. l-'i^^O; &nd he marriad, incondly, 
I.'riuin, daiighler of Sir Itohort Uvmofco and 
widow of Sir John Rudoton, lord mayor of 
Loudoa (Meiv*u», ritit. nf Lmarl'uhire, 



Wotton 



48 



Wotton 




E. 42>. B^ li^r Wotton hod no imuo, but by 
ii firi"t wifi- hn wu* (aihLT of 

Dnoember lo*7 amplovpii in coQTPviuB 
traanire to liU fathc>t at CuUu, atitl in IVA 
eucceeded to hi* mImm, bis ftllier baviiii; 
pKicureil two act* of parlinnienl ' diitenvri- 
ling'bU liiada in Kent. (MwnnlVI bad 
iBtasdtd Dukuif; biin K.B., but aftvr blarj'a 
moowtioR the council on IDi^ppt. Io53wrol(! 
bin a letter ' diiiebari-ing Uim frcin bring 
kniglil uf tb« Balb, wlieruunlo b« wis oaw 
•iipviiittfd and writtDn uiitu' (Arl* P. C. 
la«M.p.a61). Onl(U«n.lW3-4 1i(.waa 
niniiBonnd bororn thn council, nnd on SI Jan. 
' for ob«tinalc stniidinn ogainit raatlurn of 
rpligion wuh comtnilied to tbe Fluut, lo r»* 
taain tbi-re a clust- jiriionpT ' (i*. pp, 38u, 
Si*S). Wahon iu hia 'Life ol Sir Ilimry 
Wotton' {JUUpait WotUmiaiut, ll)i|U'>, gig. 
b4) declarM tlint tlm coiincira action wm 
Aim to Nicholaji Wotton, who hnd twice 
diMiat tbnt hii ncp1lI^w wm tn donjtiir of 
paiticipalinit in »ome dniigiTous cntcrpriae, 
apparently Wyatt'n n-bt'Uiun. and Bfuurud bU 
lemporury imprieuniuBul (u Mive him frciin 
wor«H pi^nls. The dale of hi* ri>1t.-a»ti bas not 
bwn aaiXTtained; hilt on 2-T Ni>v. I&l^, six 
dftyf nfter Ktiziilx'ili'ii nccr-Mion, he witi 
made tihrrill' of Krnt. For nnarly thirty 
;nnni hii was ri'guUrly inclmli-d in the 
voriou* commiHiioii' for the county, such as 
tlioic for the pvHci-, for takiii); uiunlvni, gaol 
delivery, I'xumiuLnf; into km^ of piritcy, and 
llMtifying Dover. In July l.i7.t be enlfr- 
tciood QiJ^n KliEahiitb nt tloiiKbtnn AlnU 
bwb», ichen hn dnctinpd no oiTur of knifiht- 
Iwod, and in \Tu^ 9 afo-iu iurv»d o-i nherif)'. 
]Ic wan a purnun of'^'rvHl lenrnin);. religion. 
Mid WL-akli,' and a ]>airim of leuniiiiic and 
prutuHtaulisui in o'liert. Tboimw B-.-oon 
[q. v.] dediwited to him hi* ' Book of Mntri- 
■tony,' and I')dward Di'riiij; bin ' Smring 
SMtntint.' Williflm Lambntvli' lij.v.J nUo 
d«dicAtiNl toWolton in IGTObis 'iVmmbula- 
tion of Kent,' which wus published in 1676 
with a [TrclJitory lelt^r by \Votlon, lie died 
uu 11 Jan. lo80-7, and wa« buried al 
Boiighlou Malberbe(/'ijui*iVio/xii'r mortrm, 
Eli label h, vol ccxt.No.263). HpmiuTied, 
flr«l, Klizabctlijdauahtor of Sir John Uud- 
alon, by whom he bud iiwuo Edward, fint 
baron Wotton [11 .v.] ; Itobert : Sir John, who 
tnvolled widulr, wua knijrhlHd by Qinwn 
EUnbelli, Uid died young after ^iviu); cume 
promuie as a poet (el. hi» (wo coDlribiitioDa ' 
to SifflanJ'H ll'U(^'n of 160(1, ed. A. II. 
Bullon, I8iMJ, pp. xviii, 65, 82); Jnmea {d. 
1638), who MTVoii in .Spjiin ttn<! wna Imiahtcd 
onthellold in IfilHlni^urCadii; andThotniu. 
Sy hit Kcood wife, Eleanor, daughter of 



'■3 

*, TtdH 



:4 

.n.iJ^ 



Sir William Finchand widow ofRobtTt Mor 
ton, Wotton was father of Sir Ilccirr WuL 
Ion [<). T.j, tbo diplomatisi and poet. 

[BicwtT and Oaudwr'a titli«is a»d '. 
or UtDty Mil : Siata Pawn. JSmrj 
Aeii of tbt Pnrjr Oannl, cd. DaatM, 
i-Kii.1 Cal. Suia Fapcn, Dont. I&IT-90. 
For. I5I7-AS: Stows US. tfift C 31. <2. tt. 
it. IKD r l*S-. Bad. XSS, S83 asd 2S4i 
In>|. po*t motiaoi, Henry VXI, t. 604; Hii 
MS!\ &mni. 6tb Rap. AppLuaMni; Cbron. 
Cakia and TroaUni coonaeiad villi ihr Vny* 
book (CamdanSoe.)! Lit. Rcmaioiot Hdw.1 
(Kuihurfih* Club); Consp. FU. d* Odvi 
i<elrr, l»e 8 [ Original iMUn <hrk«r ! 
ii. 1112: Parkar Oorr«»p. pp.. SIM, 370. 
Cranmsr'a Woria, ii. Al ; Sttypo'i Wo 
(Ceaaral iodvi) ; RctisnisWottonlanM.aiL If 
Uata ofShvriRii. IHV.H; Itarart'i Hbu of 
Reformiitinn, cd. Pucuck ; NkboU'a 
ofUuDtn Bvlitabsthi Hoaud'a Ki«l,pai«>n,^i 
IT. 1 16: ArdiaoloRia Cantiana (ctnatol iadM): 
Todd'aDoaDaof Ciuilarhurj. pp. U-IS: Bu^'a 
liitincl Pntracau] a. P. P. 

WOTTON. EDWARD {I493-lft&5). 
aiciao and naturoliHI. bunt at Difnn! in 1 
ws« SOD of Ricbard WoitoR, bndcl of tbo 
vp.raity. Flewas edocaI«d at MagdalanOal^ 
lefn tchool, and becami* a cliorialcr at Uajr- 
dolen CollctCE in I.V),'!. In IfiOS be ww 
elected demy, and on 9 FoK 1AI3-I'I m- 
duated B..\.: he won cleccd fallow oSSSi^ 
daluii iu l(il'>. and in 1520 won acciMedar 
coniipiriiiz with olber fetlown to c<lnet<utua 
undorKmduaiM to achoUnhipa (MacKti, 
Riy. Mapdatm Call j. 73, 71. 153). Somi 
aiXerwordi he became ItrsI reiader in Qmii 
at Corpus ('briati CalU^n, jiiat founded by 
Bishop Foie, ihuuah he was not deAaltcly 
appointed until 'J Jan. 152U I, and ntUBM 
hiH rooms at Maifdaten. In n letter (fitif/ 
Mfi- ftWt, f. 1S9) to Wollon, Mcribod by Dr. 
Fowler and thn Rnv, n*. D. Uacray to thai 
dati!. Itinhop Foxn aavA that lU has baud 
of Wottou's taknU firoat tbe pr«a>deat «f 
Con"" Christi. and regiota cluit the uatDti* 
of MN^^alen did not pmnit bin to nuke 
Wotton fellow of Corpus, llr. msdo bin. 
howvTer, 'orio tomiar, and iptvu him leare 
to Irnrel in Italy for ihr>« of five jvanbow 
I Alny next, ' to improve bis luanuBg. anJ 
cbiefly to lenm (irtw);.' But in a note to ihi> 
letter in Brewer's ' Calendar ' the dale ■* <0> 
rected to ■! Jan. 152^--1 (Mttn and Pafin 
lif Ilmry VIII, W.k). Wotton apnit BMt 
of bis time at Padua, where be g^radiutni 
M.D., beinfT incorporated at Oxford in ihu 
dffrreo on 1(! May 1530 (fious, Ay. Oni. 
Ojun. i. 841. 

Wotton wax ndmittod fallow of the C0I-. 
legi; of Phyaiciana on S Feb. 1528^ wu 1 




Wotton 



49 



Wotton 



tritts in 1^1, 1A47, itttA UitO, elect in 
il,0(i|i#OT In ir^-2, lIViS, antl li'»V>, uid 
pfMidant in l->ll.lUS,iuid LMS. It<< doM 
not ■ppcar, iu> in <iftcn iiiiiiod, to have b(<Mi 
pliTiicuii to llmrf Vlll, but hn mTvd tha 
llukr uf Norfolk and Maritaivt 1ViIp,C04UiIcm 
otStlitbwy [q. v.\ in th«t ciipa«it<r. mccitina 
from ber m* aanoiir of 60 >hilliDpi, and 
corre3ipoitd'>H wiib ber too Reigiuald. atltr- 
^nn\<i Cardinal I\>li. (CW. Stair Papen, 
Venetian, iv. 677). Ilo dit^ on !t Oct. I&M, 
*ndw** buried inSl. Alban'nt'linrrlt, Wood 
8tmrt,Cli«a^M(t«, where alu wnii baried his 
wife KHthinnF, whu diod on 4 Dec. lUStl 
(£/i/i'«r. .»/*. 874; MiCBVx. i>Hiry. p|>. 85, 
A4fi). Iliji toa Ilenrv gradusivd M.B. fruui 
Cbri.t Chiifch. Oifo'M, in 166i, aud Jl.U. 
in 1567. wa> fttxtot in liSAS, and, liko hl« 
tklbcrr. (iitvh rrodiT nt Corpii*; he vas ad- 
initled a I'aDdidBlr of ibu Colli^ of rhy- 
aiciansou 1:^ May I'lm.acd fi-Ilonon 18 Jan. 
IC71'i, and wm t>rutNir in 1661 nnd lSe2 
<Mr«it, CWf.^i*V-i.'0-l). 

Wotinn it uid to haiv bei.-n lli«fint Enff- 
liib pbjiician who triJido n )<jsleronTic atudy 
ofnalaralliiiitoTf.indlicaajuirrdaKiiropean 
RpnUlion by bin ' Ivloardi Woltoni Oxoni- 
«ititiid« IliirT.'n<nliis .\niinalliini libri dMom.' 
Tbm booh wm d«dic*tM<] lu KdwHrd ^'I, and 

Kbliahed at Paris in I'lW; tlie copy in iho 
ItLili UiuruiOfn fine folio, is jirububly un- 
•orpuatd in iU tr|io^iphicnt i-^c^lWdCi- by 
aujr tyiott-miKinirr work. Conrad (inMn-i", 
the great Zurich prnrpMor, who hod poni- 
wontwl the jiublicaliuo of bis > lliitoria Ani- 
mAliwiB' in l-VM, MUtici-ti Wiitiun'i work in 
the ' KnumcTalio .\uih'>nim' prefixed to liii 
fourth Imok (Zurich, l.ViS), und reuiurk* 
tliAt, wliili? Wotton leach*-* iiiithiiiB neo', 
fail bu"k dciMvcii to 111? TT*il nnd praiaeil a» 
• oooiiiU-li' and cli^nrly nriitcn di^int of 
prvrioot mirlit on the tubjcct. Ilallir'n 
i«rdict it very ^iniiUr, white Nfniidcr tie- 
clarnl that no one had n'ritlpu of auimali 
more loamcdlj' and clcKaniiy thmi Woitun 
(NlUSbCK, Surriitcta Fjplitatiu flrhU Tpr- 
rir, Lfijiuk, 16B7, p. ilO). Wotton alao col- 
ImImI nuleriolB fur Ibi- hinlorv of in]>ect«, 
wfatch wen- wibliiJitd in ' [turecloriim nivii 
Minimonim Aainialium TleBtniiii olim ab 
&]iurdo Wolioni", CoBr»do Qnntro. Tho- 
mxiDo I^nio inchostiini, tand«iu Thu. Muii- 
feti — opera . . . pDrfiM-tiim,' t^ndoti, 1ti34, 
fol. ^»i* SfoFTCTT.Tuow*.*!. Engraved por- 
trsitaof Wrilton. MmU'cii, nnd IViiny appear 
in thefrunliipied-litKOMU:)'. p. 11). 

rWoO'r* Atbta.T OiOB. tJ. Bl>«. I. 22^-7: 
CaL LctUn and rnpvr* of ll.iflry VHI, ir. 4, 
^iT.i Itil ; Boafo'iiRi-l-. I'Div. Otnn. ; Bloxam'a 
Bff. UactUlen Coll.i. 1.iT.1«; liner*; > R*t[. 
tj M^jAJcB ColL Oxford i F««tw'a Alunm 

TOU Lxnt. 



Omo. Idu0~t7ll; Fowlira Qiit. of Car^nu 
Chri(ti. Oxford; Munk'i Itoynl Coll. of Phj», 
>■ 17-0; Aikio'a Ibogr. Ucm.of Mnbclnii, i;S0. 
pp. filV.ll ; Vinitititin of Lon^Inn (lUrl. Sor.). ii, 
369 i WottoD*s Works uad authoritici cited.] 

A. F. P. 

WOTTON. EDWARD, fini bxMos 
Wiinos (IWS-UiiO), bom iu I5W, won 

th« dldrjl Mill of TliODinji Wiittufi ( lu^l- 
1587) by hit lint wife, KliiitU'tli, dauuht«r of 
Sir John llucUton, l^rd mavor of liOiidon 
'see under Woiio.v. Si« tCnwiKv, 1488- 

I IfiulL Sir Hrtirj- Woiion [q. v.j wa« hia 
half-brother. Edward doei not npjicar to 

. have been oducaird at anj £ui{1i'h uni> 
vertity, but made up for the dtilicipocy by 
l>~>iiK ttudy on the conlinrnt. In IS'fl Men- 
don, the S[Minii<h nmbmuodor, itatcd that 
Wolton liad sjienl three or four yeoraamong 
the Suanish rvHidcata at Naplei, and de- 
acribeil him a;* ' a man uf greHl Ipaminj; uid 
knowledge of hmgiiflge*' (Cal. Simaneat 
.USS. l.'*S-7fl, pp. d'i. G79). He na^ cer- 
tainly an nr<!on]|>lith>'d t'rrnch, ttnliaii, nnd 
Spanish icholnr : Mendou dot Oiought hiu 
' acreatureof WaUini[hamVI"i< woi unable 
to discover what liis religion vmt, lie wo* 
eailv viiuployed in dipluuialic liiuiimu by 
Wnliiinghani, nnd in in7^-o wiw ucliog ua 
»«;rMnnr lo lUo fnibnsAy Al ^'inina. Sir 
l*hitip ftidnov \i\. v.J being for a [iiiix io40- 
cialfd with liim in thiuc dulim. In May 
luTU Wotton wnaMnI to congtntulate thq 
uuw king of Portugal on hii scfHuaioti, and 
on bia way back liad audivncH of Philip II 
■iSflgOvin. In Jamiiiry luttit-l il wo» pro. 
pnied to arnd him to .'>pnin toprolMt againvl 
NliT'Udoin't conduct in ICntlland, and to ex- 
plain hu suumnry e.tpnliion by F!lixabeth. 
(Sir) Witliaiu U'liad [ci, v.l witu, bowi-vcr, 
aviil mslvud, und on U Not. followinK Wot- 
ton WHS returned Iu parltauiuiit aa one of 
tbn Imighl^ofthti thire for Kent. 

In Alay HiH^'i ElixnlHuh, ulurmt^d at iho 
progresj of the ralholii? Ii'ngoe in francu 
und the BueceiB of Alciiuidpr of I'umia iu 
the NetherUndn, selected Wottun an envoy 
W Scotland to ptTsuadu Jamcv \*I to enler 
Into an offenwir and di^fcunivo uUinncr, and 
<u take tbiT Dutch tinder his protrclion. Ilo 
wna alio tn r,»g)(i-H Jamesa marriah*u to 
Anne of DiininnrU or Arabflla Slrwarl, hut 
it wn» noi lill nil ycnts IntcrlUnt (he former 
schcini? wua adopted. Wotlon recived hia 
imilructioos at the Land* of hi* friend Sir 
Philip .Sidney on 16 May. wa» at lierwick 
on the ifilh, nnd waa received by James VI 
at f^dinhoriih on lh« 90lh. • Dou£ do 

Jnalilfi* brillantei, ci qui excellail dan* tout 
ca cxercic^ qno Jacqiie* \'I aioiait do pr^ 
dilcction, il nc tarda |Ma i prcudte 1« plua 



W^otton 



50 



Wotton 



([mnd a^Mndnni mrlWpiit du jvancprmtw' 
(Tbclct, Papieri dTfitat, ii. 72t). At firW 
Wutlon'< tatet^aa appcnrol coni|ilelv ; J«mM 
Bgnvd to tli« propuaul for au ulTeUAiTd AttA 
dtdcittivo l«i^e, and ou US Juii« th« lords 
and MlatM approved. In the huim month, 
bnWDvpr, lhi« axtlri Scot* in Kiiglniid imtdu 
arnidiatnScoUuid.nipportnlbynn Ivngliah 
force, and, tfanuiili ElKabrrUi cirdcrud tbi- 
UR4t i:>f tbc oITi-ikIutb. Jiuet, viith soipu 
teucm, Bucitected tUc i-ouijiUt^iiy of tLe Eng- 
UUi gaveraracal, and ft^rud a ivD»titii>n of 
tho attempl* to re'lir.i tUo piilw lord* by 
fore*. Mon'OTiT Arren'i infliicnco OT*t tbi; 
king wna ilill lupri'mir, nnd Amm vmt 
MtTonuoiuIj »u|ii)oit«iI by tUe French JwrtT. 
A trvii compUciliun aroii.- iriili tbu murder 
of Fniiicis, lord IIiiHFell, on 'J' July [t«« 
luiiliT ISrsiKLi, Fb4Xcis socotiri Eini. 01* 
]ti:iiroKD\ Femiliu»t watthi) crimiiinl, but 
Arnin ira> impliiiilpd. nnd Kllxnbi^lh lioir 
•oujihl to ate tho rircunuUncp to ruin tim. 
Woiton demanded hia wrvM nnd n-umml to 
EngUnd tar iriul, but Jamcft motely cunflued 
liim in Si. Audfvvr*, wbeuce bu wna aooit 
f«l«««ed and r«euni«d bU B«c«adeiic,v OT«r 
JamM. Wottnii'* poaition was nnw pro- 
carioiui, and in AutfU't Amin*!i ally. Sir 
William Sti-wort ijl. lo-f, !CH)3) [q. \.], 
opyaly insulti'd hiin in iUp kinjj'" preaence, 
KliznuvCli, bowrvur, liiwital<.<d turiak auoptiii 
bivBcIi villi J»iiiir« bv i-ir?clivi- suuport of 
bur auiliiiB*ii'!or, but tlie dc^ptilcb ot Ca^tnl- 
Dau 1W1 Mniivi'o.i^n' by Ilxniilll in Siritlniid 
iwinforcr'd l-'rcncb infliionce at Ediiibur((li, 
•tningtlieuiHl Jiuni-s ill bis rrfiual to ftivctip 
Afnin, und made W'oUon'B muxvas bupalvKs. 
He now adrocuttd au iucuraioii by tbo 
e.iili^d lcird», «u[>portc^l by aa English forci?, 
and ibe soimrvi nf Janir* and AiTui as ih* 
only mfnni of tailoring Kn^tisfa nroflifte ; 
bui. uwarir of tliL- (langTT tt> bimKlf in tmcb 
an cveut. bi- bi*jK»^ (or bia ivcall. Tliia 
was EninU-d ou 1 1 Orl-, but bdfDtf Wulgins- 
liaui^ li'tt*r» coiiUl arriv* Wollouliadouhiit 
own autlii'rity rmnird thir border, nnd mi 
tbn 12lh hti vat nt IIi;nvii.-ii (full iU<'tniI« of 
Wotton* ncKDlialicins anr aivcn in Cotton 
JtfSS. Oali|t. f. riii-ii; Addil. .VS. 3J6o7. 

ir.83-ai'il: ll'iniiUmi Paper», lolSW.pii. 
Wa-708; Bi>ivA'rPn;.fr/.,l.VSO-94,Xos.33o- 
87« i Thorpe, Cat. Srolti'h Stair P"pfrrt, i. 
4ft5-6i2;TEt-i-L-r.rif/<iVr*'/'/.V/i/,n«minrytie 
Club, ii. 72^. iii. IIU- 15 ; Cal. .Sinutnrtii .VS.S. 
15W-B, pp. t^B 52). 

For wimo lilac after bia return Wulton 
■Km occupied in local admiiuiilnit.iini in 
Ki^nt. In lliSl^ boK^vor, bi> was sent to 
Fnuice to<?iplaJn loTTcutyTII theiotriguca 
Hgaiiisi ElixabMb of Mary Quopd of ScoN, 
wniflvd inuKripts of bor Iott«Tr in connrc- 





lion with the Bobington flot brin;;b-nt 
witb dirpctiutli how to uw tbrin [Ailiiit, 
SS-jm, tt. l:?-:KH>: au. SmmKat .V. 
IS^'i-ltKLI, p. 178, atidhi«itu4ructioiis 
20 S*BJ. in Cctlm. .VS. C'alig. E. tl 
and IlEicxAiti), Ctl. ,VSS. Anallir, iii. 2: 
f. 240). On Ifi Fib. 15SB 7 be wa» 
ihcnllbrarvnat Kidney'* fancnt, and 
in tlu! y«ar bo mccM'drd bin laLbcr at Bougb>' 
ton Malberbe, and on & Jan. ISS'S he m* 
admitted sUdcnt of Gray's Tnn. In 159) 
be waa kBishted. and inl'inu^^ he tftrtA 
ns sbmiror Ki-nl (.litdit- VS. .t3d24, f. I 
In 1<SM-6 liD vainly Ti-iiiiiinn] Iturghlrr 
th>? trvaaiirtTidup of the diambcr (/.< 
MS.lxxix.m.taA in JIaivb 1397 he 
un untuonuaful candidate for tbo Cinq 
porta. About ibe iani^ uav il wa» mopoi 
to mske bim frrrelaTy of state {CoLu: 
Ifltrn anJ Mrm. Vi. 2.S, 27, 30, W), hot, I 
(bilini;. Wollon icaJ' itrmiioun hat 
i:flnri» to iccure a pftrafff (I'ft. ii. S6-8). 
lui){l, on an alarm of a Spanish inrauon, 
n-as appoiiilcd irnuurvrof a *<»nji' to bo 
formed, und in May 1001 be was oflartd but 
d«cliDed ibe p^^ii of nmbsiMdor in FrasM. 
On 3ft Due. 1 mi lio na^ mad« comptroDer of 
th« baiUEboId ami wo* sworn of th* pri 
couniril ; on 17 Jon. lOOS-S Chambcria 
wrot«; 'The court bos flourishwl mowitlii 
ordinu^ this Christmas. Thv dl-w con' 
iTOlIer has put ui-w life lulo it by bisrxamp! 
being elwayn fri>«hlT *ttir»yl and ohiefly 

I ivhico.' Oii 11) Fi'b. fotloving h« wa« 1 

I pointed to nrgotinio with ScaninM-lli. I. 

I \'pn(!tinu nmbnsMidcir (t'a/, S/atr rupf\ 

I Vt^uetion, ii. 1135). 

Jum«« 1 continued Wotbin tn iba 

' of complroller, atid on 13 May ereated bia 
Daron Wotton of Mnrtev, oo.'Keoi (AJitH. 
MS. 34218, f. IWft). In .Vovemh*r he iw 
ODo of tbc' lords who trirdSir WnllirlCalf^ 
lAJdie. MS. 0177, f- 137 ; Tir Armiffumel 
<tf S- Walter Ilairto'jl, . . . fir/orr J>rf 

I lliirfon . . ., Loudon, 1019, 4(0: t'owiiit», 
I Lifr a/ Ralnyh), During the early jranet 
Jnmfvi r* r^ign Wotton was lord-lie ulmaai 
of Kent (l^rrfna MS. WiO, p>K«imi Horl. 
MS. mi9, f. 43), but in AngnM 1610 ie 
wan nc^iit as ambawador rxtrn>irttinntT ta 
France to conKTatulsteLAuisXIII on btfte- 
criir\'m(RtiE'iEK,GnirlaiMl TitHttofJantal, 
i. 1-11 1 inttrucliou* la 5fo«>- MS. 17T, IT 
1.11-6). On hi«relHn]iaOeIoberh«br«uck 
laflnc Catanbnn [q. v.] to Fnglsnd in US 
unite (CuMtubonomm fyittolir, pu. 361-5). 
[n Juno 161S be ««b MMiiiintis! comni*- 
aioner of tlie treOKuij on Saliiburj's dcatL 
In NovemberlBIC be was nude trcasimr of 
the bovgebold, but on 23 Dee. 1617 be ms 
' pemiadcd' to ntitv from tliitt office by ibo 




\\'otton 



s< 



Wotton 



ptjnMnt of fira ikovoni] pounds. Tbit dtd 
noc Mlur^ him. and lu clung to olHcv »muv 
imici lonjtrr in llu^ T«in Iii>pR nf ritrnrting 
ftTiK«unic]r &■» funliercompeiwMiQii. lie 
wn Mcluiled Trom UweounetloitCliArto r« 
KnMion Ml ih« irmuiiil of twinf^ a cntbalic 
^UPtXBK, T. 419; Drekes. Chitrt and 
ITbv* ^ C^rlf* I, i. 6). il<> retired to 
Bodehtoin MaUiiiriK!, wb«re h« d»Ml early iu 
18Sb ; ibn iiuiuivitio poet laarli-Ri wmi ulurii 
on 13 April (i3 Cfaul«« I, lol. iiL no. &1). 

Wottod marrie*), firat. on I Srpt. 1^".% 
H«Bt-T, liliii^hlvc <.>r Sir Williiim I'lirkcritv, 

wbo Aivd oil 8 ^U1^ l*>!ti. Hiiil irai bur)i<d m 
Itaxi^bion M-iilii'rno cli'ircli ; ■ml uoimdtj, 
MiTjiarcr, daughtKr nf lliilip, ibinl bar<jn 
U'ltartom, who luri'ivnl iinlil IMit (ku 
Oaiaidar <J the Commit ttr far Otmpmn^- 
iaf, p. WOW; A-Uit. .W-V. SIS4, f llff ; nnd 
Z«n<r' JotiraaU, rii. 3(W. 3S-, »iiL S.U, 31.'., 
is. 118). WoUon hail iuuc tirhii firxl wifn 
only, A win Thoi&an and a ilaugliter I'liilip^, 
wbn marriod Sir Kdrauiid ItaooD. TluiaiaB 
»aeeB«deda««nociiMltnr«ai,biit,lK'iogor ui-ak 
health and a colholic, tooh litiln pnri in|in|i- 
t£u. Ue di«d.i«Mll3.oa 3Ai>ril lt»0.>Dd 
ms buiW in BoiMtiloiiMnlbcrbfl church; fai* 
wiitiyt «-*• in Ptfbruarf HiS2-S tinwl 500/. 
by theoaurt of hi;fi<iommlwiuii rorn'moviiif; 
tnc font in the ehtirvh tn iiiak<? ivxim for biT 
hunhond'* tomb anil for inAoribine on it. ' a 
bold cpitapb ' itBliti;: that li« di«id n Itouiaii 
('■lbol>C<OM'r( irnd Tintr, ^f {.Itarif I, W. 
2?r; l.»irBi,HVA*. V. 311). lie mntri.'<), on 
liJunv IfiW. Marv (I'jlHJ-Hii^l.ilnUHhtiTof 
Sir ArthurThn>cknii>rl»ii, sad buili^iic four 
daiiith!'''^ '■ ('athcHiM', nlio intii^rit-.-'l {tuu^'b- 
toD MrilHr-rbcjaod ninm<i(l,iir*l, lli-iiry. I'jrd 
ir whocn *he wa* molbir of Philip 
t ' -Tcoud I'wl of (^'brtlM'lirld 'q, r.j ; 

'i>u-]li , Juha PolTimlirr h Kirkborrii [•mi 
Ktn'n\r.>c. Cxt''ii:w.ve~; and, thir<llj-, 
ania crXfiill 'i\.\A: Ilwiifrfi/. li:iO),Kbo 
wa« third wife of 1lA|Jtii>t Nm^I. (bird via- 
cpunt Cimpd^n ft), t."; Mnrj^'nT*!, u-liotuai^ 
rir<l)^:r John Tuftim ; and .\niip, who mar- 
nvdSir Edward Haln.lalhnr of SirEdvard 
Halw, titular uarl of Tontcnlto [q. r. j 

[lul. S(J.lo P.pfr», Dom. I JSn^lU^S; lana- 
Dwne MSS. air. (, 1. 8?, liii. -.1, li\i». 19. rii. 
T; adJii. MSS, 30770 f 38, .1(176 ir.a:-4S, (». 
1 (ouTTOip. with Sir Willtam Tint>I»ii): A»li« 
nU ."HS-S, fl3i f. ;|. m-i r til. liai i. 3 ; 
OoUiota Iitluna»IHoiDoriiit>.ToI. li.; Itirlii 
Hon. of Qitatelh. i. )(i7; WinKtiiHrH Mfiuo- 
riali, ii. lAl ^ Il(ii»»r')i Court aoJ Timn o[ 
I. i. i.W-3, we-r. 441-i; C»l. lUUIold 
3.: Cnl. BoMtxMh MSS. ; IIui. M.-^. i^imm. 

Itap. App. p.48T: OSral Itrtnni Urmb. 

ri^u-l. : R•|^ P. C. SoeiL, *■!. UaMco: Ckm- 
itn't Aeoab and Britaonia, ed. Congli ; BaWi 



^T)b 



Clifna.; Spadirag^ Baran; Bron'a (itaumt 
VS.A. : FvMtMac Vtptn (Oaadun 8or.}. pp. 
a«.l>i Gardiner** IlktI. <4' GagUDd: Ratiigiife 
WoUoniaaa'. ikI, 1 68J ; Nrjpa's Worta (goneral 
iar!«s): A. W. Fa>'> Book of Ratfc(k«i, lt»a 
(ceotuiii Tarioui ermranapMiiaii tbo Wotlon 
family): Ilaatnl'a Kant, m^. ii. ^29; Archa«- 
locia t'aiitiuM(pn<rsl Ittdu); Borko'a Riliacti 
aa>l O. E. C[o^)nii!]a Paaragni aiitbniii 
citod ID iMt.) A, F. I 

WOTTON. Sib HESHV (1568-16Sft> 
diploaatiBl and fioel. was bom in IMS at 
Tloitsliioii IIi.ll, IU [!»■ uaristi of ItouKhton 
Malbirbo, in Ki^ftt. lii' wu grandaon of 
Sir KJwafd W<Ht.>n (I4«i-|.«l)[ij. v.l.and 
fuiinh ».)n of Thomn* VVotloo (l-v.'l-lfiP7>, 
being oulv Kon of hi* fatlur* uicorid luar 
riagv with Eleanor, (Uusfatcr of Sir ^Vi1lialu 
Pinch, and widow of KoWrl Morton nd* Kt^nl, 
Eilward Woll4ti, fit«t baiun Wnttoa i<l-v.^ 
waahiaiildoi,t balf-brOilbt'r, iUtrr receiving 
aocno inilniclion al boni<.- fruui liia motiier 
and a tutor, Hi-nry waa aent to Winebmlur 
Bcluiol, and at tlio agin of »i:(le«n ptunvliHl 
ad a commoner to Nnw Col[<f (>, (.htforO, 
Eualrictilaliug on <i Jiiiiu 1S*M. 'IVo y«ars 
lal<tr Lt- bi^Talvd lo Cjuccn'a Collcgs, and 
wliil« an tiiid^rgraduali- tliera hn nroto 
a jilaj calli-d ' Tancti.-iJo,' uliicb ia«i uppii- 
rcnllv bnacd on Tauo'* rt-rt'iilly iiubtishi-d 
' GrTiiialvmnic l.ibwnla.' Wiitti-n » (-rtbrtia 
lout. Science aim nitrarlod him, nnd he 
is said n-hen in l^» twentieth year lo hata 
*n>ad in Latiu thnrc lecluren "dn oculo," 
whvri^iii hi> diwcribed tho furin. the notion, 
and tlwi curioiig ciiiii{io*uri- <>f (Le ryo' 
( WAttos). .\t (Uft.nl, d^pilti 'n'ottou'a 
bvc years' aniiinrilT, lir bigikii a fririidahip 
with John Uoimc ['|. v.], which we* only 
tf^rminaltd bv t lio kl t«T'* death. Alhr-rico 
Gvnlili [q. t.I, profeHUr of citil law, aUi> 
became warmly alt&ched lo liim. Woit'^na 
father died in l&'^T, Wviug hiiu a beg- 
gnily annuity of n liiiiidrt'd niarkd. lie Bup> 

1dical*d for ttir- dcgnx'' of II.. V. on b June 
fi68. and then led the c<iiintry for a Iodk 
tour on llic continent of ICuropi^. whii^ 
aeeuia lo have uccupied him nearly »en-n 
y«ank 

n« Brrl procei:ded to the uuiversiiy of 
Altdorf, whora ho met Edward, lord Zuuchu 
'*|.v.], n T<-guUrcorr«ipond«ni of his in later 
yi«n>. t'rnm Altdorf WoitonpoaaedioLiua, 
whcruhewitncaaed tame rsptTiufrnln carried 
out b^ Kepbir. He aUo viniied Insoltladt 
and \ it'iuia, uitd eurlv in \oi>'J pushed on to 
lCouii>, wburv he wai introduced loCurdinala 
nvllarmine and Allen. .Vftrra ri_-wmontIu. 
which he dividnd among Naulea, tienou, 
Venice, and Flornnci^ hn nrrivnd bI Gaoettk 
on '2'2 Jane 1593; be lodged with tbaacholof 

e2 



U'otton 



s« 



Wotton 




CMniibon, and ItH owtii|[ bi> butt iiiiicli 
monnv, which duauboQ nwoTrrpd wilU 
difiiciillT ufltr iiiconvi>iiieiil liolay [P*ni- 
«0K, C)uaulH>n, pp. 44 U). Siibx^jiicnlly 
Wolton spoilt «oin« lim» in Fmnee. Hf 
was ftuihiti>>iiR of diplomntic ctDplojnicnl, 
mnil whiln on tlippontinpnl hei«'pm»lo Lave 
fnrwnrdpd fori-ian news to Koberl Upvi-W'US, 
wcnnd earl <if Kmt'x.irbo nppriwtBt^ Iii* 
>FtvinMi. Itctiiminj; I'j F'ligland in I4(^\ hn 
wa»ininiiltpduBludtinttritli»-Mid.!lp1Vinpli?, 
but hv ni-i'or wa" rulli)!] Ii> I.hr bar. To- 
wardd (b^ cTom of ihn year bfi bi-cniao one 
of KwBl** ngi'iil* Bnd MiMWtBrifj, 

11^ llclnber 11)95 he was fully iu lii* ioob- 
tcr* con5<l<Mice, uiid visili'd tbu mai^ruvp of 
liatlcn at tlip tiarl's iuMsiim ti> win lii» 
fnendBbip for QurN'n F.li»abi-rli (««:. M.SS. 
Comta. Srd Itep. llnifleld MSS.) In De- 
cember l-^H'^ bfr win ixint by Emrx In I'arii 
to warn Em"'X« I'orlujruo** pratf k^ , Anlonio 
IVm. of tbt' I rcactiiTv »f hin l^iiuliiili alti^ci- 
dant Alcyii. Alt-vn rHtumwl witii Wotlon 
and itaB«rre8lt-d(I)lBCB, Qurrii Elhalifth. I. 
Aid). Km>'x, wbo niudc it hi» nbkct In cnl- ' 
]*Ct forei^ intiplligcncft from nil pitrli of j 
EHropc, fntnutol Wntion in 159B wit.h llie 
dfpsrl.mcnl. drnlinK wi'h tlii- nH'nirs of | 
TrnnKTlvnnin, I'olnnd, Italy, mid (ii-ruuiny I 
{ih. ii. 'J43). Attbijugli Wotlon was nii 
nctivf uurrutpoiideut , lii» jiid^iii^nt. nnd 
(idplilv If lii» juH«tir w.'(v queslionod by n 
fpUow *>-iT(-1nry, Anthony Uneon fi.v.], nnd 
c»ulintinl bidii'ring* bptwp''n W otion nnd 
Il*ron difliurlMHl thn bnrmnny of Kbh-x's 
hnudthold. Wliik- in London in liwci's 
Draploytncnt. Wot ion iuud« tht'a<:i]uaintHn(^ 
of many inpii of liatiir», lo wlniui pr'ibiibly 
liii friend Ponne inlrmltici'd btin. A» rrion 
M Kwu*! frll out of fflvoiir wilh bit »ovc- 
rei(f . W'olion lui»ti!y Irrt KiiftUnd on n 
»cconii vUil to llnly. L'nlilti! hi» f^^llow 
niscrPtary. Ilcnry Cufti^, be wviuh to Lavp 
been in no uay invoked in B)i«e\'H futile 
cunwpiraey, but liP waa not fn-o froni n «ns- 

{jHiiii of (■nmplicily, nnd, to long nji Qnci'n 
llU»1i"ib tivod, Knglnnd vrat closi^ to him. 
n>t »ppi-ftr" t.o hnvr .ii-liM nt Vcni op, where 
111' orcupiwl himnelf in lilernry work. There 
lie wrote bii lonjfeSt a[i<l mont importatit 
proie work, ' The Stat-- of Cbrifllendoni,' nn 
outBjK'krn survey of current politics, die- 
plavitii* both information nnd insight ; it ro- 
mftiD»i) nnpntilisheil till I6C7, eighlcon ycnrn 
aftnr iln nuthnr'» dentil. At the oponiiiK 
cifthowork he modiiatp* the i)o»ibilitv of 
itociirinK 1 "ife return homr ny ' niiirder- 
inf; KU^|■^ nolabl<? traitor to bU priniMf and 
cuuniry,' but be thouelil better of lhi> plan 
owiu)* lo ' tli« great difficulty to retnain tin- 
pUAulied'and lo'the continual terror ibnt 



cvived by 

Ken Elin^H 
island rnai ^1 



»acb on oRence migbt breed into hit eon>1 
Mience,* Ftvm Veiiite he |waH!d to R«^l 
rence, vbcrv he obtained ■& inlroduclioii 19 ^ 
thf court of Ferdioand, ibe great duke of 
TiMcaity. In I6Q3 ihc duke's cniniMen m- 
t«TC«pted leltem dtKloMOft a deii^ aninct 
ill* life ofJacnps,thi? Scot liflbkin^. Altlia 
MUgKClioii of hu u^crctftry Viett«. tlic duke 
■enl Wollou to warn Juidm of the cunipi- 
ncy, uilrustinK bim not inenly 'with letter* 
to llie king' but with 'Hiidi Italian auli-^^ 
dote« agaieat poiton &i the Scote till tliei^| 
had beon *trari)[iT« to.' Travelling an wt 
Ttnlinn under the auiimcd name of OclavJo 
Itddi, Wotton reached Sncden, wbdtee he 
crowed to ^<ci)tla[id and wKs received by 
KinffJaineaBtSlirliii^. After thiwipoul.hifj 
ptKr iu Scotland lie relumed to Flo 
UDO wo* iliere el tbe time of QiMien 
b^ili'e di'aih. 

Woiton nt once relumed to KnicUndi 
wn* arcordi'd n kiiidlv rrCTjition by lb* new 
•ovpTtrinn, Jninm I. He received I'lie honour 
of knicTilliuod and n choice uf po«l« ai ant-^H 
tiautudor at the courts of Spain. France, a^l 
Venice. Wotton'a meiuis were sntall. and 
he nrcopti^d tlin po*t at Venice ex pocuniarilr 
thn leant nnnrouK of tbn three. lie U& 
I.oudan in July 1004. Ilia lulf-ncphcv 
(■on of a balf-hrolher), Sir Albert tu Mortoa 
[q. v.X went with him ad seorrilaiy, and 
William B«dell [i^. v. J Joiued bim a4 ebf' 
laiu in IOOT(cf. !Sulrt ami QurHee, Snd MC. 
vii. ;^8I|. Hi« friend Donnr aeni him ■ 
l(-tlrr in wmn on hia departure < DoJTVK. 
JVni*, ed. l*haiubere. ii, 7-9, 41 i; et 
WiLTOX, iift, «d- BuUeu, I.. 1 19). 

Wotton waa ensaj^'d in diplooiatic daii«e 
ntVeaice for nearly iiireDtyyeam,but be did 
notliolilofflce continnonnlv. His llrii lem 
coTpred ei^hl Tcnrs, IflCM to 181 -J ; hi» 
■n:ond four vean, 1616 to 1019, and hie third 
fouryeors, Ib-Jl to 1(121. 

UurinK VVotton'a tirot period lie wnadiitij 
occupied iu duppurtiiig the republic at iU 
loiiK rediatance lo tlie authority of ttieMpe. 
Bv hi* enerlion^i too, laany 1''iigli«h soldien 
wlio had ben brought otvr lo ncrre the 
\'onclinn Tcpublic again*! the Turk/i were 
n^Iirvcd from extreme poverty and tent beck 
to Knglancl. Ua made the kcquainlanee of 
Peolo Surpi, and canned a jionrait to b* 
painted of bim, irhicb he eenl to l>r. Coliiai, 
provosl of King's College, Cambridge (3ti»- 
*Er,Lt/ri>/ Hi3rU,p. ICU; Xotm anS Qufrim, 
2nd Kcf. vii. SSO-1), and ho alioirrd atten- 
tion to Jamea Howell, Tliomai Coryale, and 
other Kn({li»htr«vtlIent(cf-Coai»TE,0»dr- 
Itrs, 1776, ii. 7). Doune, writinji to ItOi, 
complained that ^^'otlon, ' under the op- 
preieiou of hufcim-ta or the ueceaaitj of seem* 




W'otton 



Si 



Wotton 



lag M,' WW kU infrvqu*^ut cortv^poiiilent 
(QOMIf Domtfi. i;Oj. n'ottoii contrirdil 
lOO&nd GMper 8cioppiB«, a Kotnoii catholic 
eoBtrararMTut wbo lud bf«ii ■ fi^llov »tii< 
dnnt at Alldorf. Krioppiui riiiitcd Venice 
in lfl07, kod wan tbcn prepiuint; a coiifuta* 
tioaaf Jantaratbeology. in 1611 Lc!i«ut<d i 
a voliune of tcarrilixu kbun? of llie Liiif-, 
«otitlml ■ Ei-cIfu*Mic«B.' Inciik'iilully Le 
alluiliMl l<> an aitw^oiA rM|in;tirig \^'ottoii j 
whicb JDvotTtKl tlio Foglixli pUToy in din«> . 
t«r. It appnim tlui( on bia j(iunii!j to iMljr 
in 1001 n otlon utaTrd at Aunburir, whi-re 
Chmto^licr Fkotnore or llcdlmori', a miT- 
dunl, invited Iiim lo initcntM^ Lis naiui.- in 
bia album. Wutliui touijilivd by vrriliug tli6 
aunuoM 'LcfialuH cm. vir hiau> pr^^r* 
ininfal ad mi'ntii'ndiim ttoipiiMicni rauiui,' 
'wbich h* would hnvi- bci-n c-inTt'iil iibnuUI . 
liBTf br*n tliiiii tmftliaknd : An umbafiiadar ' 
b an boni-it mou, aMit to liu abrwid fur l\ie \ 
yaoil of blacaoatrj'fWALTbs). Scioiipiu% 
in wwicinf; thia t^piaixlc. I'liarf^'il Jaiuei I 
IB Ilia printeil dialriW vritb «<>»iliiie ft con- 
fuacd liar to repKMinl liiiii abrjnil (R:clf~ 
tmttiftit, t-jip. iv.) 

Aboiti ibn uuii«dalna*Scinppiu**ntlacli 
on JoniH I was publubnd (IBlI), Wnitoii 
obtaiiml Imvf to rvvitiC Kiiftlaiid. [li- dt^ 
Biiwd a oliaojju of oiujiloyiueut. lIi? bod al- 
rvad}- receind a eruiit of tb-.'^vcond vacancy 
unoDX Itio oil rl«rk« (18 Uarcb IRIO 11; 
Ci*t. StaU faprn, IBIT-IS. p, 17). While 
at hooie at Ui*iiro in tbi- fnlloirinK nutumti, 
\v paid saacb court to I'rincn IIcht^ uiid to 
tile I'rincnaBlizabcth : the priucew inajiiivd 
luu) with an <.-nlhutia&licp*(wMu,iuid liiMn-lv- 
hratM lu-r chanu* iu bimiitiriil svnv. Knrly 
in Ifil- be ii«iil tr> Fmnt'H on diplnmnlic 
l)ai>iwJ«> and wroli^ t» Donnn fiom Amii>nt. 
On l^rd Saliibun- '« death on L'l May 1613 
he wa« n mndidati! for the vucnni vosl of 
iwcrrlarr to tho kin^. Thi- ■[urrn and ["rinou 
Ilcnryi^acuun^inlbitpri'teunotii!-. but Wot- 
lou had at cixurt maoy «nriuii?6 u1iiid<jiibt>^l 
Lh dinwriiy. CbaioUrrlnln, who uKimlly 
called bin) in hiacomi'pondi^n^v 'Si^or I'a* 
briiiit," difUrvd in Ocli>t«ir l6l3'njT Knod 
old (riend Fabritio will ni-rer leaMc liii old 
Imdi* of bviiif! fabler, or, a> the devil in, Cilhcr 
of Ii««.* 

Finally, Wodon's rfiniioi.-^ vif prufcrtiiwiil 
war* niineil by the ki»iij'* di^euM'fy of the 
mntnnpluntia definition of nn ainbo^^ndor'n 
fandion which was auij^nnl him in Sciop- 
pins'i book. Jame* invii<-d cipinnniioiw of 
the indiscreet jenl. Wotton told (be lun^ 
tbat the allair wb" ' a merritnciit.' biiT h« was 
wwned Ui taktt it »>rrioiitilv (vf. NirHoL*, 
Prmraatf, ii. *W-70! Cal. SMf Papfrt, 
1611-18, pp. 151. 157, 162), ood b« d«em«d 



it prodeut to prvpum two npologira. Our, 
priv-ntitly lutdr^Mi^d to the king, in not u- 
taoI,biir Jitme«adniilleillhal it ' aoScienlly 
romniiilinl for a gTBot^r oRenc*.' Tli« otbtf 
in Latin waa iiwcribod to Mareu* Walwr, a 
burgQiiDaat«r oJ' Aujfsbunt and natraa of 
SeioppiiiSi it was dntcd from Lonuoa 1612, 
Slid 1* said to have btvn published iben, al- 
though it i« now only acotr^ble iu Ihu * Ue- 
liquiHf Woltoniana*. Ilwa^a vitupttnure 
aaaaiilt on Scioppiun, who rirlorliHl in a uacl 
which was irntitlfu] '[.^i^nius l^tni' (pub- 
Uibed uatlertliepflTudonymnfUparinURUn- 
viniua at Iti^'ulaindt in 161&). A burloaqiw 
trial of SciijiipiuD for biaintolenco wa* intro- 
diic»d intij t be prulugue of RugglCHft ' iKuoni* 
miu,' when that piec« waa performed in ibe 
kins'* preMtncn at Cambridge on 6 May ISlC 
Throiiirh lltllt Wnt.toDppr»i*t(intlyaough<. 
ulBi^ial employment in vain, and hi* obw- 
uuioiui beariajidiminiahedhisrtjiutation (cf. 

Mmioirii, iii. AfX}. Iu the Kpringof 1014, 
«iilt di«an|ioiut«d of olBc«, bo cateml the 
Ilcmmi of Commoos a* M.P. for AppWby. 
Ilo (tuutly mippiinnd llin king'* claim lo 
lay inipoiitions nn merchnndiui without ap- 
peal tu parliament. The riRbt iHTlnngod, bn 
argued, to hrreditnry, allbuujib tiol to elec- 
tive, momarcbs. In ibe autumn bin aubter- 
vionco waa rewarded by uo int ilaliou to 
mauRin diplomalir work abroad. la Au- 
liu't Kill he was vnt to The IIaf[Ue to 
negotiate with the French ambaaNidor in 
the .Netberliuids uoiiteraiiii^ the iJihvritaim ' 
uf tlie duehiiv of Juliers. Clever, and Bot][, 
which was disputed by Wolfjiung WiUiajn, 
cnnitt palniiiu'of X<'uber>:, iind ibe elector 
of Itrnndenburg. Ity Noi^niber 1<M1 tba 
envo^n contrivifd to brin/ about an arraneo- 
menc uii paper (the treaty of Xnntcn) be* 
twwn ibe clnimuntjf, wbwfby the diinuttd 
terriloriea weri! pruviBionully dividvil b4>- 
tweeti lliem ; but the questiuu was uol 
•ctlleil. nnd lliii diiipute <ymlribuled largely 
to the outbriink ol the tliirlv y><arH' war. 
WotioM alio ■iipenMleodi^d the retiiuaptiun 
of tie);tilinliiilis lor the aniiilgnnul.ion of th* 
Dutch mid Knjtliih KasI India componit*, 
tind for the ncltluroent of diiputm with 
llollnnil in rejtanl tu tbeGrecnlondfisheriea; 
but the diM'tiMi-jn on these poiuta alao 

r raved abortive, and won broken olT in April 
RIR. In ih(i following aiiCunin Wotton 
was at home, but bo wna Mtnl ngnin to 
Venice early ni^xt year, and he conipleli'd 
iheri-anetftindiiiicventriil term of three years' 
Berviee. lie mainly occupied himself iu pur- 
clia«inK I"ctuiva and works of art for tbo 
kin'i; and Itnchiuubam. 

Woiton iraveUed homo aloivly through 




\\'otton 



54 



Wotton 



I 



Gsnnflnjr in cfaatpringof Iflli). AtMunick 
in Mar he Icaraod miicli of iha dcaiirns of 
llie raDliii«iiUl c«tboli(» ngmiiuit KukIuiiI. 
Iji Juni.' he Ttiilod at Hcilbronn tlir olivcor 

Clatini^, who had bwn clrclnl king of Bi>- 
DUB. aii'l WHM attriidiiig in iht' citj k eoa< 
enaaof tlin |>riiK««of the iiniou. IiuiTfiwd 
by iha miifortunp* ihr^itt^niu^ llii- elecln-^s 
nttluino and hrr hiiibnTii], ^Votton deeiBed 
II tbu buuDilen duty «r Jaiur* I lo u»t«rmn« 
«Q«otu>Uv in amliODiila] polilKsint]in«t<«- 
lOi's behiair. In AueubI iei» b« hti ftn 
audience of Jatmni at WoodU'xJi. but w«ms 
to havahtrn coldly n^i^iitO. In Junv ItiW 
bn wu ortUrod lo VimiiH to »uund thu i-in- 
fKTaru to IhcpoMibititj-ortUyini-tJitfwar 
whicli woa otenrlicltDintt the new Kin^ and 
queen of Uoh«nua- Wotton wmi un*bb 
10 TMoh a&j eommoo baii> for ncgntirtiioa. 
But ahhoiigb the diieuMkiiui proTed in> 
offeciiia] th« etaptnr gave W«lton 'a jvurl 
of diaEantid* a* a InMinionr of hia good 

r'nion of him.' Wottnn ni natt- banded 
jrift to 'IUr CoiinUiJ of Snbrina,* an 
Italian wbunp huux! bad bci-n appciintcd lij 
iIm eatfivroT fur Lia BOcoaimrKlatioii. lie 
waa inaixpo*ei), ht> said, ' to be the bsttirr of 
an; frifl that caiD>> from an Mivmy to his 
rotmlnualreM, thn (Juven of Bfihcmra.' Va- 
able lo Rndnr bcr atniilnncn. \w n-tiirned in 
his post Dt \Viitco in Itl'l, nnd romainrd 
there until the i-arly montlu nf 1G«4. TIicu 
IiB cami^ honie fur piiod. 

AUolutrly punikM, AVoIton b«nt all tiii 
tttMtp^* on-'w In tb«? ta^k of obtaining 
lacratiTP ■■mplornK'nt. In tb<- fiprin^ h«i 
pnbliibcd hia alion and ji-iuDf tract onanrhi- 
tvclsre. a iioraphrnip of \iinitiiu, whirh 
Chamberlain d«cribod aa ' well opokcn of, 
though hit own cutim havi-b<^r?a in the air' 
{CaL State Faprr; Ut ApTi] I0l'4). JamM I 
aajip^Mi'd that ha nii<;lil in coi)r>^ of tiiUL> 
aueoM'd ijir Julio* Cn^inr an mnttrr of thi- 
TOUa,andgBvtiliiai Ihcrrvi-mon. Happily a 
tnott) suitable office vna found for him. In 
A]iril ltl2;t Tliom»» Muirar'n death had ra- 
caird thi> provoslahip nf I-.Iud. Jlany con- 
didatn* hnd rnl<-md thw IWld, amons them 
Wottooi'* friend itocAn, thi; disjcntced dian- 
cellor, and hinnpphcw, Sir Alb.Ttu* Morton; 
but WoIIoii'b importunale app^ati to tecrr* 
lai-f Con««_r were well n*"npd,and he was 
duly insliluied tolbf proi-oiiMiiiJon 2ll July 
lti^4. Hn had to b'>P'ow ni<tney to prrtYiili- 
for bin arttli-mont nl l-'ion. In Uii.'i bf 
ConWd a bannen^l nt Jamt-f I's funtral, nnd 
waadcctcd lo L'bnrti'i I'a lint paiilatnont aa 
member for i^ndwich. Jomeelhad gnntHl 
him a dispensalion to enable lliui to bold 
the Elirn prov'rj«i>Jiip wilbont enieriuf: holv 
oedets, bat Wotton on bts own inifiatiro 



:t 




rM*ii'cd deacon'* otdora in 141:^7, doublleia 
witb a riew (o prdummt ux ll>e church. 
lie wo* atill emhiimaud pecuniariljr. Tha 
income of the provoMabip was do more tban 
lour, wilb board, lodging, and ollowancca. 
On one occanon be was arrcft*d for drlit. 
la 1637 tlio king eranted bim a penaion of 
lKKV. Inla«»hcbudliiicontinu>nlilil&rul- 
tiaa bftotv Charles I : he apptie*! for a mnall 
alkiWBiier merrid frucn tbi' iiit»me of tlte 
nuatcT tjt ibe rolln, ihr tvvenion to which 
be had iwi^cd, and 'for tW mat t^>od 
deaneiT tbat sliall be nnuil br dmih or 
remove' ySrlifui*, -pfi. itH n\n.t lu 1(130 
Wolton'i pmiuan wtu rnixd lo oUOJ. ia utder 
to Pliable nim to write a bislorvof England 
and to obinin the reqiiitite clerical atnt- 
tonce. In I<I37 he applied for One martro 
•Ittp of the SatoT, should it* ptvsvnt boUat 
be promoted lo th* dcancrv of Dtirhan (it. 
Pp.»*0-3). 

Wotton wa* an amiable diletianleor lite- 
rary amalonr, witb a growing inclinuliuu to 
idlecRiB in bii later ream, lie did not neg- 
lect hit edufalioiial duties, and irroie, after 
lung yearsof cagilaliun.asiif^MCiva'surrcy 
of nl'ucalion ' or ' OMral •rcInleoturD.' ai Iw 
termed it, which hr dnlieated to tile king 
(it was printed pMibiimou'lv in bu 'IteL-^ 
ouix,' cd. IB7« p|>. 73 iW»|; but h*> found 
tiK boya nioi« inlemticg than tbeir «or)(. 
'lie won a constant cherisber,' tare Walton, 
' of all Ihoae vouih« tu that srboo'l, in ithom 
be found either a von^ianl diligvncn or a 
genius thai pmmpttal ibem to leamii^*.— 
■ one w mart hopeful yoiitlw ' being ' tahes 
and boarded in liin own house.' The proroel 
teas a famiUir Ucure in the ncbuolriHini, aiui 
hegavt practical trial of ibe dictum tlurti 
learning can be lau^l tbrongh the ejm i 
well M through I be mr, ' for he caused lobel 
cboin-ly drawn ihe piduTi^s of diver* of ibsl 
rood famou* Utuck aud l^alin bistoriaiUif 
)HwtB, and onton.' Th»e be fixed to wo 
pilian in the school ruoiB lluv er school ) wbidii 
■eeni to hare been erectral about tlii* lime. ( 
In ibe Election Hall he placed a niciutr' i 
Venice vhicb still hang* them. < lln couldl 
nerer leavD the (cbnol/^ adds Walton,' -wii 
out dropping tome t^orce Greek or LnttE? 
apophtbirgmcor aentence »ucli ea were •> UtU^j 
of a roou) in the memory of a gruwio 
scbolar' (of. Maxwsu, Lttb, Uulory 
Et<»; 16911). pp. SOd eqq. : Cm, UUtory 

Wotton't liierarToccnfnlioni: at ICton bdq 
to little practical re»ult. His hiilojy 
Eueland did not progr wa bevund the ace. 
muMtion of a fr'w notea on the chnTiicteisC 
William I aivdlleury VI(Ae/('7iii>,pp.lOOJ 
110). n« oontem(ilal«d n life of Mania 



■ 

i 



A 




Wotton 



55 



Wotton 



LiillKT,buI nernr Ixgui ■•■ nud ho proniiKil, 
•horllv afttif UoDiui'a ilcatli iii 1631, tn irrit« 
a Ufcoribi' dcAit •« introdnetion lu' Kighij 
Svrmotu ' bv ilunne. Tin- publicatiun wu 
dpLiyi.-d iiDEil Wudoa'a lUe aliouldbc ready. 
Wutlou Hppliwl to Iionk Wulluu, wliot« hc- 
quaintauce bf< liod niail^i Ihruugli l>unu«, to 
CQ4l«ct H>ai<-rial)>, and Walton t«t» that h» 
' did but prcpara tham in n niftdmru lo bi? 
angucntcil.Btid rcctifind h; ^^~I>llon'*{l01tr^• 
Tul pnn'(1610). bui Wctton never workud 
upon W'alioa's dnfl. nnd Walton's tiioKniihy 

of IkoDBC alooe 9iirvin»(Go«aB, LifeiifJokn 
Dante, 'ti.A\h). Wotton vaa oneofltii-- r«w 
riow fntnkds to vhooi DoniMi favu OM of 
but bloodatooie smU a f«« muntbi beCaiv lie 
<li«l. 

Scicaco alio nnjpwcd taae of Wotton*a 
attanliuit at Hlmi. Ili' liad never couwd la 
Ubncal litmiwlf in it liuo; Im liad iHWnaii 
Nndeigrailuali! al Oiibrd. lu I'i'.'U li« mbi 
Ttacon, ifIio wa« tben irorkuig al Ills * >'ot'um 
Or|[aiKin,' an scronnt «f ejqwriini'iilii wic- 
iMwodbj him in Kt^ptrr's iioiisc al l.ini ( Ar- 
/tfitLK, iip.28«t H].) In Iti;.':; b* liod nritten 
from \ eoioe to C'barlun, princu of W'alea, 
pnuiaiiif to Guouniuiioate »ud) pUiloaopki- 
cal «ip«ruBFnl* aa ini|cbl coine lU lii« way; 
'for men HpNuUtioos tinv« v%fT »Mtni«d to 
mv eonceil. At Ktnn ha wnacomiillod by 
W*lto>n on llwiB|irislinnt«i>r curtain Ktrons- 
•iDpUiiiic niU n-hicli prot-cd acdactivc lo fiak 
iVampUal Anyler, reprint o( lti&!) rdit. p. 
9b}, aiul be ducuaawl vilb Sir i^dmund 
Bammi, who uurried a balf-uivoe, cetuin dia- 
litlin^* ftw rtf-euUea for ni«ilica] purpoKS 
(i£riifu«,p|i. 4Al-.'l). llfT alio cipfrimentoil 
on lbs auauunrmrat of ontall iiiviaioaa of 
limcbytbicdr^crDtofdniipinf wntcrthmugb 
a filierlift. p. il75). 

Wull'jn m^nlained to (lie end n liighlj 
valuable erNTwiKia<tviK«. Atuoug bi* most 
laUrMlin^ l.'i[>-i> ntn, oaatotbe ^rval f'raji- 
cia B*oon, lhankin)|; him for a gift of lbr«« 
copaaa al hi* 'Orj^anum/iLDd promiaing to 
■emloBe uf tlicm to Ki-pUr. Wotton wroto 
the epitaph on llaconi moaumiriit at (Jt. 
Mkhael'aC|>urob,St.Alt«iu(Ai.-fiBLv./4V«, 
i. 483). Milton ceine otur frtim lloriou to 
visit bim, aud on 10 April Ui^ Woiion 
*cknovl«dgvda|;in of' ComiiB' fn>niafmiiJ, 
John IConof [<). y.', io n ■velj roniplininntMT 
Idler to th(^ port, wbieb wn* prinli^d witli 
Miltoa'a ' Vonmr ' in ItiJIt. With thin letter 
Wutlonscnl ibi' piMl. wbu WBB tuBviujc Eug- 
land to tnivrl ud I be coiiI iui<ul, an intruduf- 
lion loMichud ItTanibn-aii.i'ormerly Itritibli 
tgmt in Venice- nraalbirail. waa si tlui 
tunseai in ram,-aitrjidingtb4 young l^onl 
S[cndan>oTn|oi bia Rarrtnor.' Millonnate- 
fallj nwDlioii' Woiton'a ' otrgnnt cpiatlc ' to 



hiu in bia nccounCoriiuiivit to PoriaCl 
fctuio Socunda,' Wiirlis, \\. S87). 

Wotton praeliacd al Ktnn a lariali lioa- 
pitality, and doligbtcd in tho aoeiety of bit 
friend^ chief among whoo) in bia Ual yeura 
wim> IiajUi Wult«i>aadJoluilIaltti,afclluw 
of Eton. Wotton una alino«t as vuliusia.^- 
tie nn nngliT ti» Walton. Aiuling ffcciipi-xl, 
be aoid, ' hia Idli' linm not idlj api^ni, and 
he designed an aecoiinl of il:e tp-irl in nnlirJ- 
pulion of Walton. \Votloai and Waltosa 
•men at sauona acctialonicd to angle in i 

ftuy cloM- to the ci^tlngc at a bend in Um^ 
imniM known aa ' Black Pola.' ' Wbeu hbt 
waa beyond Mventy xvnn of age,' Walton 
Iclla w^ 'he deacriwu in a poem a pnri of 
the pIcAinre of Angling aa beaat nniolly in a 
iiuiiuaer'aerrniiiKonabattka-GabinK.' Wal- 
ton quotes in bU' Compleat Angler ' WoMon'a 
TcnM, irbicli b«gin: 

Tbia Jaj- DitiDa Katun iMm«d to Ioto ; 

ihcT rrappcrar with Mime rerbtl changoi ta 

the ' Itrliquic' 

UoTO a yonr Wnttou left Eton lo viait hi) 
ualivo place, Ituuf;btuii lloll, and Oxford., 
Ill ihu iiuiBUier of l(U?t lie rev i ailed liiiold. 
school at Wiucbi'Bti^r ; but on liis retuni to| 
Eton lie wan tuited wjlb " fi'ViTJsh dit^temjifrt'- 
wbicli provwd inciimblc. Ho ili«d nt the. 
beginning of Di^couiber ln-'^D,andwBa buriecL.^ 
in thcoollegochupel. llewrule the epitaph 
for bi» grave; 'Ilic jacut biijuB H-uieoiun 
primus autbor dispulaiidi pruritus, ecole- 
Mnrmti tcubitM. Numeu ubas qiiwro' (cf. 
liflu/uitr IV'-ttvit. 107:.', p. 121). The fimb- 
atonc ia now one of the fiionoa lending into 
tbo choir. 

In 1037 be rnndi^ a TriU, bii eiecutora.j 
being hii giatid-Dcpbens .Albert Morton aud 
TliuuiiM Burgrure, uud the HupL'ti'i^i'ni Dean 
Isuoc Itargrave [q, v.], Xichulas I'ey, and 
John IlarriAtni, fellow of Ktoo {ti. Wii.Tox, 
who prinl« ihn will in fiiU). i~<>veral pic- 
tUTiwiandSirNirho1<LaThn>rkinnrto(i*a]>npera, 
which Sir Nidiolaa's ion. Sir .\iihur. hnd 
bcquealhed to bim, were left to the killpi 
x\w Throckmurlon papen are now iu lite 
IViblic llecuni Office. To tbi! libniry of Eton 
Coll^haluft 'all maonscripts not before 
diirpOMd,' and to onch fellow a plain gold 
ring, i^nainrl ted blnckivritb the mono 'Amor 
Tincit omnia ' cngmved inaide. 

'i'Jiere ta on interesting lialf-tcnKili por- 
trait in mU in tho provost's lod|n.' ut Eton; 
tbia u r^roduced in Cunt's ' llietorj' of 
Gtuu.' Another jwrtruit, by Comeliua 
Jani)«cn, it in ili« pioturv galleir at the 
Bodleian Ubrnrr ; it i« rnpfonuorf in 
I.odeo'a ' Portrail*,' taX. ir. iii . 

\\ottoti h&dpublialicd inbU lifdimo two 



Wotton 



s6 



Wotton 




rrulMMc TWfimvM'TlMElmrua' 
«f AicUtoctaK. colkctnl bjr llcsTf W«Um, 
lUfht. froia Ue beat A«tkan lad EnM- 
flBi;Loadaa(pna«dbTJakaBaUfl»Mu}i ! 

Jrftwtiaw to Pnmta CWiIm iMarud ia 
WattM*iuiUpa|ili<C.4-\c6). Thwooad , 
i«l«i.tiMiMJjiiii1 eoAfTtualatioaiB Lain 
anwc la uc king «i bi« Rtarm fraa Seet- , 
Lwd » 1833, WM mihM • A4 Bccc« » 
8iMikralMeBBearic*W«iu«HPtont«(C , 
T«t». liaJMimiM^ mi* AwMi M*- 
ikwii .iMHcuumiiiiVfASaP. fWdcd*-! 
eaitoB ««> ■Jirniiii lo PrniM naf)** : * 
oqif of tin w« toIbb* k ia tk GnaTflle 
LOrnn at tht IWttid MaB«a (ef. Kbov- I 
tS% Sifmftri Anm, i. 187L TW woffc ' 
a ryiiih Ti ■■aiitinii in IftWi 
aft« WcUoa'a dcatk tkm i 
'A FknIUl hifiiai Rohm, I 



ItfcJ Tnuom Wertaa Laod, IntkWal- 
Ua.*arfl>r. £awwlCMUc[4.r.j;aad a 

la ion MM finWr kUawcRMad 
M • LMm gf Sir DwT Watua la & E«- 
bwbJ BHoa,' Loaioa. ffted br & W. W 
F. T. at tbe Tfaac Ihom ia nxat SUact, 
I«I : tl» conr iW amod l«II-lflaeu 

A tko^aadadarpaaJitMaartk'Ba- 
liqaiz '( 1073) eoaiSMM a tew ar« fcitfiiiiial 
•Man oa Italiaa toaiaih the iMUa ta Sv 
EdMBd Bwv. aaJedMf* ' to Ma ft«« 
Mntal ymmmt! naiair aa faain |-iTtitira 
A ftiartE aditiae a|acand ia iffiS with h 
-^ orWattaa-aktMsta 




Owlna 
laakWi 




lite Earb flT Emb. aad G«Mv, lau DalM 
af BacUaahBK, vnttca hjSit Haarr Wot* 
teM,Kai^'Ui«doa. lOtl ; aal • jf Short 
Vw« or the Life aad Ikaili of GMfcc Vi»- 
Utts, Daka of BaduchaM, arittce h« Sir 
IlMar Wotloa. Kairtt, lata PtaroM of 
E«taa ColWp' (la^ta. friatad Cir WO. 
fia»ShtaR«.ao&lc;eaatha(o£tioa,16l3). 
Ia im them aai n aw J thr ■«■ 
of Wolfoa-aworfar'K*fi«aiaW. 
niaaa* y r t faw i l bjraaelecrhr 

' W a wf nir frcw tha pa oT 
». aha ■tfiially had a i&itf 
■ iliriM iha a h a h a>««k far tha 
INM. TWtidina:*B*£qaMWr- - 
or a CaUactka of Lives ' 
«khChaiM«cn of Sawliy 
othn lacBMaraUo IVna of 
An. Bv Ihp CMiaai PnBl oT'ik Er«r 
M^atifai » Bnnr W«cim. K', hi« 
Fnmtt of Etaa Colb^* t«aA« (amaad 
br Tho^ HauT for K. llatnoc, O. Bodd, 
aalT.GanhwMi), 14SI ; othtraftioaa an 
dated 16&I. l«n lOeSL TW nla^ ia- 
<W« Laid Cltf«d»V •imiiiaiii aad 
Dofarilr hrMwa tha E«aiM aad Cba£- 
tiaa* of Ow ga , Haho rf B a cfc ii^ h Ma, aad 
it i h ie t . Eari tf Emk, ia rnh lo WatbMn'a 
-Ptralba.-' "'imiii'i ifci (\ aliihaliiM 
are tlnica the ' PtealU.' tU * Life af 
the Pake of Ba r fc iagh e w,' the ■ Flew e at i of 
Archilectata,' aad aa Fagliih ttaaaleiina of 
the atn^j paUiahid La& • Vum gjn A v> 
Km« Charlt')ihc UlMriaa fntioaalr aa- 
paMahidiWiTi: 'A nikw|£t>lISamich 
uT Edaraiioa or Hocal Aichitaetn^ W 
Umtt Wetii«. K'^ rranat of Btoa CcJ> 
kdr;"^ 'A Maditataa aaoa the XXUth 
ChMter ot Ocwai*. hr IT W.;' leiiaa la 
•e^^icnoaa. tadad^JaMea I. Ckriv I, 
■.Lort KatfarWiirwi, 



FimUt there «|yai>d *Th« Stala af 
ChiMKadoa,erA mom Exact aadi 
Diita*ct7 ti mtmt 8Mf<« Paa 
lliddaa HnCoriM td tk> T:mm. 
W tha B*aon*d Sr Uiarr WaCUa^ Kt, 
jt^haN^aar ■ Ih^wTla the Mm Smw> 
Bepafcliaai of Veak*, ^ iat> PtonH af 
Euoa CoDedc,' Imim. anaiod far Ba» 
phtvT Maarft*. lesr, with aoniaii (Moikr 

^i8n^faL> 

•Lrtttfiaad Tkwilrl i fans Sir Ban 
Wottaa to Jawa 1 aad b Mta^Mto 
thenw* 1617-30^' ««fc fiiatcd bam tha 
atrabialWta«arr of Aoa OgIfa||afar 
theft aihaw he CUk ia IMft Tfefattc» 
dated Aas^ka hwia «a I Am- Ifl?: 
ih< iMt klt« tt Wanaa. dabdlft Xar. 
1090; m illTiiiil lo ak BohMt Naaatoa. 
Haar an ia Italiaa aad hav Wottiai'* 
|wa)aajm ofOtHMW ^* KMti. 

WoOoa'aooewantheaootfalMUeaf 
Ifa KmtT tfiiai. or the t«<«iT-f«> 

pn-Miartadw1iatWBtStiM'«^foaai 
aro altiihMtd to Wott^ TV ta which 
■I* aaapwd ta athtr mm iarfa*e the ««■• 
kaawa aaaai, I igici ■* -Tha WacU ia a 

1 itiii.- iiiit ii iiijiii ijat he'rr W|i-i' 

■aaM^b it b MMciatadVch the I 
of othv wriun, iachrfa^ Wo 
Wouoa'a faUr laihMliiMi 
aa afaav oa tha datfc af hi* aMhaw, Sir 
Aihertaa Vortea (SatoMhir UOt). aad a 
mihaiai iai|iiw iailai1» Tfialiw'i iliiih 
• Aa nmaTa WoMa*. 'Heart' aa* Knt 
■ciModGi briaat'i 'rVxtiol K^Mdr.' 
IflOS. Aikact hjaa aMa the htflh af 
Mara Charlca waa cfaartv wrwis la thr 
■arxw af I6ac^ wd tha od> ta th> hwoa 
CMaa r* taiara fan Sradaad ialdBL 
Two cf Watioa'r ii !■! iMt aiih tha fa^ 
hnki liaiaiii Theae aK eatitlid naca- 
tMr •TfaOanrtH' of a Omm lifa,' ad 
ranea 'Oa hi* Mwtocn. ila tfiiaea af Bo- 
haaia;' hath » JmIj Till m Vtt- 




L 



* 





Wotton 



57 



Wotton 






,tr'» 'GoMenTrMiiuy of SoimBknd Lv> 
k.' Tbe poem oo the (jneen of Bolwmia 
«U|irobaUy wri(l«aal llMeudof 1610. It 
vui dm printnl (witli music) in 1tV£4 in 
Kat'iiintb wt of bnnk*. nml nfnin in ' Wit'a 
K*<««iinn»,' 1810, in ' Wii* Inti^prvtcr,' 
1071.1111(1 villi thie»feaed pun of * butliii ' 
Soug;« aiii] FancicB,* ISttf. 11 hu breii cun- ' 
ilanllt' iinilslvil and ii««r ttaoiaa kkte Iimd 
wriltrn to it. It i)|ip«nn iritli KifD« «ariu- 
tMii«iuii«nKM"Tiirix''a pioma(Nkrit:ii, /.i/r 
^ Monlrat/: \SM, Apncndii, p. il|. Thi> 
* CbnncliT or a Hippv Lifu' iaukl lo hnrc 
Wn priutM in lOM witi Uvurbury'i ' Wife," 
bul nQ pumple Itan beca found lu conuiii it. 
Alf)aIiriclisinuiuBcri|-l(.'cipviii tbuliiuidar 
JUti JnnAon maybe datvd lUlli; tbia irua 
printRiI Bcimovhat inftrciml^li' bv C<illi>T in 
liii 'Mmniirn of Alttni'n,* p. M (^V<lu.\cl^ 
DulrirA MaHiucnpU,ap.Sfi-SO). Accnnling 
to tbc |iort nruromnnd, Jan«o(i h«il bv hMTI 
Woltoa'd ' Vimmofa Hitppii- I.Tfe'iJoSdOS, 
CMit«i-«ii/ii>ni,p,t*|. TbrrrM'ublnncplwlitinMi 
tkU iMKrn) of n'ut14ii Bii'l u nimiUr |>oeni iu 
' (JfiMlichp nnd wHllirbe Gc*cliichl*'' bv n 
(lermnn rviidenl in Ksglnnii, (Wirg ltii(lnl[i)i 
Wpckirrlin [i|. v.'. dncn not jiulifi > charge 
of {iU|p«riim aj{iuiu£ Wollon, wlioit- poom 
tcMiu to hiivi> bMn in cireulniion IicfoTv 

Wkerliii WTOtP {cf. Xola and Queria, lit | 

\. 4'JO). ' A Dialo^up ' iu vrnw on b 

of loi* *bMnt>?n Sir li«-Hry Wotton 

r. IVinnfi ' in givt'n in n(inii<>'ii ' Piynit' 

btit tItR porm U airrtbnj tn oibfr 

Ei» in ijtbeT eolkx-tionn of tb- period (of. 
ssE, /^iraw. wl. fbnmbiTa, i. 7i', 'iSi). 
Djroe nlil^ Wotlua's pomis fur tbv I'irrcy 
Socivtv in If^S, and tkev vi-rv iocloded in 
U*aNh'» ' I'ot'm* of Sir A'slter ll«l«tgli and I 
adi«r Courtly I'notx,' ISTO.ai'iTeil. It^%pp. j 

Sirilmrj- Woltm ibonld bo dittinauiilifd 
im Umiy Woiton, md of l->l«aid Wot- i 
ton [q. v.], aod alao frum Ilrnri' Wotton or 
WorttCB, MO of Jobn Wooioii of North 
Tuilenbtoi, and bmitlier of atit Woototi of 
Tudnnluiii, \orfolk, mbibf tAcond wifv wit* 
Mary or Anni-,datigbii.-r of GcDr|T)> Nrvill, 
lord Itrtgmrmny, and widow of Thutna* 
l-'ientii!*.loir<IDDCnoflbp8outli(l>i-OMPiU.Ii, 
yorfotfc, i. SOU). Tliil Ilvury W'oltoil Wlt4 
mtionsJblp for tb« cullucliuu of tloriM fcom 
luliaii rxnancM, int«r«fifTwd with verw, 
entitled: ' A t^ourtlteConlmTrroin of (.Tiipida 
Cautrli roni lining fivn Tragicjill lliatorvra 
by ibrpi' (icnllemion and two Clontlpwomrn, 
t*«n>latc>l out of Frrncb by U™. Wotton,' 
\j»Acm, l'J7^, Jto. It wan Jcitlicati^d tu ibv 
tnuwlators triKiFr-in-la«r, tbr Ludy Dacni of 
Soutb. Two oopM< botli tinpi^rrect, are 
wn— ooo b in \u» Bodleian Library , and 




111* otber,((im>erly helon^ngiiuocieuiroly Xo 
(lootvn Steei'ent uid to Coraer, u now ia 
the nritiiJi Mii»enin (rf. Bbtdoes, Omvra 
Lit. i. 158). 

|Tba Baia anlhuriij i» liaak Walior'e Ufv, 
whiA «m» aaijtinnllr pn&itd lo BeGqoia Wol- 
toniaiw. ItAI, rnxl *■■ incloded in Waltonl* 
rollcCTnl ■ Lir».' 1«7<>. aad nil aulanqaonl udi- 
lioiM. Th» «n1tqiuiry. Wilii^n Fatmao, prr- 
pnrvi] ntkftcti oi Wutlou'a Ur*, whicb ii acv in 
Ifav libnu^ref Corpni t'briiti Collago, 0\(<ai, 
with aaino of Wotton't lult*ni. Bli>« *>oini> lo 
hnra \xtA Fulmxu'g vurlt in b:> edition of 
Woud* Athriiic Oion. ii. GI4. .'vs >I» Dr. A. 
W. WatNl'i Itio^nnphioal Skttch of tk« Lib of 
WotiQn, \9t9. Uonne* Lrttotv, 1MI: Oome'* 
IaU at Donnr, 1896; Jlanoa'a Hilton: tt.at- 
wooil's AlamniElonioaHa.pp. llHq.: M»«ell 
Litc'a HiWoiy of Eton ; A. W. Foi'» Book of 
I^rti-hnlnrv, ISSSiCml's Hi-torj of K'-m. 18*0; 
Spmlilinic'i EttHmr* LiFcand l.(«lrrf. iii- 10 i €al. 
Stale Par«n. Dom. 1«U3,1G3!>.] S. L. 

WOTTON. NICHOLAS ( l49r?-16fiT), 
i>Acr«>iary of ststt^, di)>li>iuatiHt, and dean vt 
Canterbury and York, «a«ili« fourth ton of 
Sir ItnlirTt Wotton of llonihlon ^(nibrrlw, 
KpoI, bv bin wifp Anno, danithtpr of Sir 
Hmry lipJktinp. Sir Ww»rd Woiton ( I IW» 

lool I [<]. T.^was bin eldest brotbrr. NirhoUs 
in often Mid to Yaw been bom in I4{Vr, but 
ill bis epiiauh be i» dt^arribed as ' fere >ep- 
tungcnarina. According to Fuller h4> was 
pdiienlrd ni Oxford, whim) li« gndnatrd in 
civil nnd canon Inw, but no ivenrcl of bi« 
nut rim In I ion or f^ruiluntion boa been fumid 
in the repatcr* or in Wood. Many years 
later Wotton reffrrvjd [Lfttert and Piferi, 
KV. iVSl ) to bi4 )rnving lived ni I'erwgia, and 
probably b«' etudied at aoioe Italian iini- 
ver*ity. During kid ulay in Italy bn wajk 
■dtnitletl a hmtlioF nf ths hosfutal of Si. 
Tbomoa at ftome, and appnn-ntlr Iw wil- 
nnned the Mcti of Itomo in lfiL*7. lie err- 
(aiiily (cmdiiHTed nut omly iloclur of civil and 
CAnou lav, but nf divuiity aa well, and in 
1A3II b« nni officially deacribtd aa 't 
throlneiT. juri» eccli»in«tiei nI civilii 
fejaor' (r*. ni. 601. Ho was ■cleririn' bi-fpim 
9 i)ec. Ilil7, wLen he waa pmciiled bv bis 
I'utbiT to tlip biDity llvinitofltouj'bton >Id1- 
berbe, and uu Sept. Iol(< he wiu preavuled 
by Arvlibinlu-p WoHinin lo the vicarage of 
Sutton Vnleniw. Wiilton, howeier, pre- 
Airmd tb« lej^i to tho spiritual duliiw nf hi* 
ordw, and hnvinft nttruetcd Ibc notiee of 
TwisMll, bishop of LoDdoD, wos appointed 
llie biahop's oHicial. In this capncily he 
atleudi^d tlio piueeediii)^ of the le^ntiu 
e<iurt wbieh oat in I>ii)tIon in June and Jal;^ 
1530 lo rrv the divorce question (HRBiKtir, ' 
Hmry Vlll, p. 279), and in Judo IftSO ho 



Wotton 



sB 



Wotton 




■ 



wu tout to Prmitt) lo uuiat BJirard Fox ' 
(q.T.jin proeutingo6iToiiraUB»n«wcr ffom > 
loniga uuiversiti'"* (Lrtlfr> aud Paperi, iv. 
(U8ti roctiCK, tleordi bf the Re/Mmatiaa., 
i. AotlV Hm hnd n-ji«:n«l the ricanse of 
Sulton \*«lcnce lie/ofB I'D MaT, and on ' 
■X\ Oct. 1530 was mlUlni by Wartinm lo 
tbc liring of Ivvclturvli, Kviit. In l<%30 
he was proctor for Anni^ Itoli>;n, anil Hib- 
scritml tfae atticiot of mligion, and in IfiST 
bad a fkam in coiiiiiitiii« the ■liixiitution 
of A CbriKtion .Man* (Lftttri and J'ajtert.vi. 
SSB, xi. flO, XII. ii. tOU'St. lu lu3t> Cran- 
nMir appointud him bis comatieiary of faciit- , 
tie*. 

Ob II Much Vim-9 Wotton wa4 onn of 
lli» uubaaMdore smi I« llio Pukq of Clci-ua 
to aw>tial« a marriage brlwccn Ili'nrvVlIi 
•sd t\w duho'a tiitrr Anne, and » Vo^uh 
n-ilh tha <iiTiDim prolwtant pctnota aK^ust 
('harlMV. On 1'^ April Crumiw«UNquMli>cl , 
tile ambiuactdoni to iirociurea portruit of Annn 
of Cti>vea,aQd on 11 Aug. fo^ovinK Woiton 
ROOrWd that 'your Gnuwi'* w-n-nnl. Ilnnxi 
Alboiii,'hstli tunm th'clBKi« of my Indyi- 
Anno and tbo Indyc .\io«lyi!. and hnrlie i-i- 
jir»ii»yd thi-vrimBiBvan-rvL-lyvi-lve"(i4. Sir. 
li. 3S). lIiB dcflcriplioii of Anne a douiMtic 
TirtuiM wnH, Luutrv'T. [lilcbed in a minor 
lwy,«nd iie rumnrbcil tlial flic could not •inir 
OTpla^upaoany initriimrnl. In July Mnnry 
nooiiiiAled bim Bn!h(lRari>n of (iluuc^mtt-r, 
tlioiigb br wan not ndmiiti-d until lU Feb. 
11)39^0, and on L'5 Oct. lS3tl cotuminiuni^d 
him na aolv aaboaiiadar tu itii> diihtf« of 
Haxony and Ulevpa. Aa a fiiribiT Tfiwnnl 
fur bis Hvnic^ts Ili.'iiry dcsigrnxd for him in | 
■be Mine inoiilh lb* bikbopni' of llfrrfonl, 
whirb Honncr hnd jiiit vncntnd by bii tran.*- , 
lalion to London. Wotlyo, bowuter. had* 
tDotul nTcnicia tu bitboprii's ; 'forlLi-pniiMou ' 
of God,' liv wrole tu bis fritiid Dr. Hvlla^i* i 
<in 11 Nov., 'if it be po4Mbl4i y«t, oMuiy a* ^ 
hit BS_yoii may to «inv»y Ihia Uahoprio from , 
m,' Wgains "'* Inttcr 'yours lo lii> little, 
povnr. Add wbatsaprer you will morL> to ' 
n, aa ynu odd not bisliqi' (i£. xit. ii. uUl: 
Tonli. Ucatu of Canlrrbury. 17!I3, p. 41. Uu 
till* and oil >iibH-iiui.-ut ix'ca«iun» Woltou 
Nucotaifully mixlvd all attvcoipt* to inako 
hiiD a bitbop. Mi-aiiwliili' bo ncronipnnind 
Anno of Ci-ti-ii Iu Knulnii'l in I ld'i'[iib<'r 
1M9,and on 27 .lan.ir*^ 40 vromngiiii iviit 
nil ambauailnr to brr bnilUcr. Tvachiiijt ClptTta 
on G Feb. In .\pril be atiuiidiMlThH duko lu 
(ibnnl, on lii( ii«gotialioii» wiih ChnrlM V 
about tliu dncby of tiu«)dr««, nifiiniiiig to 
Ck'vw in Alay. Td Jnly h* liad tli» nn- 

{le-atant tnnk of ocHDmaaicatiiift lo th« duke 
I«nry'« rpjiiidifttion of biasiitcr. Naturally 
tb tifgoCintionA for an allianct; did not 




prmprr; ibv llnkcof Cl«v<» ihr^w bioiMlf 
into tJie arm* of Fran«it 1, anil on ^ June 
ir>41 Wottim ira»r«««Ued. 

Uc bod in bti ahuraea boa cominalfd flnt 
dean of Catitrr(>iuj on i'i Marcfa KMO-I, 
wben tbe moaks wa« leptaonl br Miciilar 
cauoni, but Lewaauol inula] Inl luiiil 8 April 
1&4-'. lie n-at alM> appoiated Bml areh- 
deacon ofOloucMter on SSvpC lAll, wbiio 
it wa« rrmtcd inio a wpamW (w*. Sitbs^ 

ntly, on 7 .Knfi. Ifit4, ba waa nominated 
of York, bciaK balnlltid by proty on 
i l>(ic- follovrinfi. lie relBinfd niib it tbo 
deanery uf Canlerbury, and on IS Moreh 
l>VI>>-<i wai callatt'd lo lb« [iivbcbd of U»- 
bdldwiclt in York(^ll>><iIral. Itui «TtfU ibeMi 
MTiui-spiriiiinl fanctkiH IimI do aitractiona 
for Wiitlon, and ba won found nli>-f from 
tbcmiufuTlbcr diplnraalicMirvi«e. In apite 
of the unfoitunnte eoA of hU minion to . 
CleTrt), lii» ability *»» recOj^iiatd In* Ilciiry, 
and ill March \'A'A he wbm M-nl wilb Kir 
Th'iniaa8eyiaoiir(arierward»BaTi:«iSeriaoiU' 
of Siidrlci) l(i- v.] totlioooutt of CharWVa 
tiller Mary, tvurnt of ih* N(>lkoriai>ds. 
Their immedialr otpuct wu In MWur* tha 
eiempiicin of liDKlub gooA* from import 
duties in the Nelherlandi. but ibe imminence 
of war b<?tw««n Enf^land and France anil 
Franco and ihtr pniporor mon led lu nego- 
liatioii* for an nff<>TiMirv nllianco Wl«'<<«ik 
Ili-nry Vlll nod i'harluVfin which WottoD 
took conaidnrable port, eniksToutiitff m^kf* 
dally to pcTfuade CharhM to iacladc tbc 
Scuta in bin declarDliuo of hoalilitr (Slate 
P»ftn, \x. 3i.Ut-0<>l). On 24 Not. '1643 fa» 
was inini-ferr«d from tbo rrfionra oontt to 
thni of ihc omnrror, and, tbe tmos oS tfaa 
alliance bstTinji nivn iwttlod, lia accompanitid 
<1mrl» V diiring hia inTaaian of Fntnco in 
the summer of 151 1, while lUntr heaii.-Kod 
and Took I)oulogo<!. Ilii puil was diiG«ult| 
fur it aodii bwuiue triideut that tbe iillifl 
wt>re puniiiiw nol a oouiaoo bat Moarat* 
niina, and at Ino <>nd of Au^st ObsrlM V, 
haviiifc pi-ni'lrali^l a* far ni Vitry. MUih 
ucioco with i''rance, Uavinfi Ileory at war. 
Woliim WW cli-arly eaouftb what w«* Ktwifl 
t<i happen, but WHS powerUsi tu prpTciil it 
<aee Vnl. Staff Papfrt, Spaaigh, vol. viL 
tbroii^diuul 1 Htatt Pnprm, Brrtry I'lJI.yol. 
X. patoim 1 and FicoruK, it. M Mq.) To in- 
ducc Charlc* to cjirry out Ilia «nca|^tnmta, 
Hertford and (iardiiier were in thn autama 
nuoeialed with \\'oltoti aa apodal amb*^ 
Biidoni to the Miiperor, hut were recallnl in 
Uecembrr. In Itie fuHuwiii); Marcb Pafjvt 
joined WutlOu in an (■iideaTinir lo {<entuMa 
Cbnrl«s lo nmoir ibo war on Franco, and in 
April Woitiin accompaniad tha «iRp«ro*W 
^V orma. lU wax rvcalM in Augiui, bant; 



i 



I 




Wotton 



59 



Wotton 



f«cn«ded bj TtiomM Thirlbr [■). T.j, biiiliop 
of WMimui«i<T. 

In th» foltowinfc y»T Wotioa'* irrvicci 
yntii Toquind to ftmoBc Uie term* of peace 
■wiih Fmrn^. lie wait *warQ of ibe pfiry 
conndl oa 7 Apnl l&IU, and fm Pagiela re- 
ooamuoidttt iou appoiut«<l \vaxv committiotu-T 
vilh Paffet, Ileritbnl, mid I.ieln. Thg con- 
f<;N«lc« held nt <iiiUnBS pmvnl MreOMftll, 
Uid nn SJV May [tvnrj- Vlll nombktcd 
Wotton rrfidroi ainbMMor ia Kmnoi-. and 
Cfimnuaioncr wit)i TubiIbII and Lisln to 
Kceive the nititicHliou of tbe tKftty from 
FniDcb I. lie Ml oui uu his i-uib&Hj verlf 
In July XMH, and remained in Franf« uuin- 
uvrupudly fi»' ibnw jn*r«. 

Iloarj Vni i>bnv«d hifi mn&lcnec in 
Wotton hy \ra\ing him 30CV. and nppcuDtitig 
kim Pieeotor of bin srill and privy counrillor 
to Kd*nrd \'l. Being nhicnC in Frnuce he 
tool DO part in the appoiutnaeul uf duinrm^t 
a* Pn>tm;tor, or lbi> uii<asarM a^intl South- 
■DBptOB ; bul b* wan iDclndm) in the t^cim- 
stil tiled priiy trotinril in Uan'h. Mi-nnwbilo 
ib« diplomattr tvUtintu bi-twrcn 1--iij{Und 
■nd Fnuici- wrre oocdUl, and nmtv iliau one 
project of taoniatie between ItiifKnjttisli and 
Frtfocb roval bniUiM i>-«tu uropoaed. Uut 
with tbe a«««MMR of B«tiry If, on SO Msrcli 
)&17, the GuiM influ-'iK* bofnme ^uprpme 
St the i<*r0ncb murt, and thf nnir hing 
•carecly cnikccakd bu dt^lnmiination to *uf- 
mrt VjT fate* of ana* the Uuiie nnrty in 
Scotland, and to wt™i Boiilojftit- irom ihi.- 
Kngliidi at tbe eorlirfll |>u>i*ib1e u^jvirtunity. 
To thMp aouroN of iiutiblc vt<-r« addisJ tlii- 
MtrfM-iiial diaputM abnni tb*' limits of the 
tDgliih p«lc,and mntiuil rrc-ri mi nation* and 
ag^nMoa* with n-nanl to the fortiBcatioiu 
near Boulo^n*. Fianot look odvantiufi- of 
Eiij{land's intminl tniiblcH, and di^cliircd 
war on t* Aug. l'>ll>, und Wutlon ntttirnnl 
from Fuia in time to tale part wiib the 
aiMJotitj of bin collrafUM on tlwi council in 
defMMnw tb« ProiRrlor in Oclohnr. It wft* 
propoa ad to xnid bim u ambuundnr to the 
•tnperoT, but on l.i <Jet. bp wa» iworo onn of 
tbajirincipalu.-cn.-tari» initrad ofSirThomus 
Smilti, «-liu was dv|>ri>ed of the oIKve aa 
btinx a partinn of Suoieraet. 

Woiton rvnuined •Beiwary for )vt» ib«n 
a jf*r, levins placH on A Si*]!!. I'i'iO lo l^ir) 
Willi&in C<-ci), nnd tnont rone^'ninl ociMijia- i 
tioai wa* foand for Iiim in April lO'^l iii n | 

of tbt* minion u-mi llit< r-uipFror'i refunal to ; 
allow tbu l'iii;;liFh auibn>«Hid<ir bbi^rtj' uf 
WDtship, and bi^ irritation wilh iIk- Ivngliab 
rauneil fmr il* )Tterutinn of the l*rinre(» 
Marv. and Kir Hii^hnrd 31nriuiii [q. r.j had 
nrithcr tact nn; lirtnncM aufliciRitt to deal 



with the tiiuation. Woltoo, ho admow- 
Ifld^, ' luad a mors Diannertr " nay ; " ' but 
Wotton'a coutnpt wan an [irtiat m hi* tact, 
and to the taa^ror'* tJircnla be nrplinl ilmt,- 
tboaftb Uarv'oada kiofi to ber father, bat hj 
a king tu tier brotbi^r, and is akin to tbe 
rrapurar, jvl in EiigUnd tbvn.' is but otia 
hinv, and the king liatb but »ue law to ruli 
all bit t-nbjncta bj.' Ilo linfl nuayflomil 
intcrviRira and ibixilo^icnl dJitriiMiotis witr 
Cbarios, but thn inimiDDni^ of war 
Franwt and txoubb* in Oetmany 
the empiTor'i tbrvuli empty irords, and t*i 
Au);iiBt the ciiundl cutllJ ufR'rd to ttnlT 
Wotton. lie look hi« Ivavi- on 3 Sept.,aud| 
mappearnl nt tb«councU booril on 31 (Jcli, 
fiw 6iiy% afl«r tbe arrett of SomorMt and] 
hi* frieiida. 

For eighteen montliii Wollon nnmined il 
England, taking an aciii-e aliarc in tbe pn^f 
ceedinf^ ot the privy council. On i Apri^ 
l-ViS he waa comuiiMiun^d nilh 8ir Tho 
Chalonar ihe elder /|^. t.] to ]>rofler EnglandV 
mndinlion wilh a view to endinji^ tlut war 
between Ffanfin and the raipctor.' Th« 
^-nuineDeu of the roimeir* drain: fori 
u opt'D to doubt, at Ibe wnr pireXorthunb 
land bin uuly chance of mpptantinc Hal 
witbout Cbnrlea V* inleriVrMice. Ou tk 
failurw of the duke's coitipiEJwy Cbalona 
wna ivcalleil n* a pronniin«i'i) rrforaicr, an 
Woiton KOI left HI re«i<lniit n;ntiaHudor 
Fracee, Ilia eluef diRiculiy eonsi»1ed in tka j 

mure ur tew open support the Frcucli kin^ 
iifTonled lu the proliqlant eiilf^ like tbo 
Dudleys, Carewf, and StalTunit, and to their 
plots a^titit l^iienn Mnn', t>iil nt thn mmo 
time thiMT intTijiil4t:i in Frnnr^- oftim raabled 
Wotton to forewum the ICngliib govrrntnent, 
Thu» be diaravercd Dudley* iccrct no^iia- 
tiont iritb Henry II in l^iiO, gat wind oT 
^lalTi-Td'H project in IimT tee Stafford, 
Ti<o)iAa\ anil a« parl^ aa lo'ili repurted 
Freni:h dn*ign* on Calais. He aino used his 
inl]iienc» on bi-bnif of tlin (^iltif, viicb na SirjJ 
(ion-jn ( 'ore w, his brolber-in-Uvr. and aufi 
oeoded in wuiiiiitfi over hi* prrdi^cuor, Rif' 
William PiclcMing [q. r.], wboK diiaireDti<>ii 
waa capecially daufjeroui. an he pow-ased tiM 
key of^tfat' ci|>b.-r which Wotton u&ed in hi ^ 
diptomatiiri'oi'ri.itpondeiioe. On 7 JuoelM?" 
Man' dci'inriil war on Frniice, and Wotton 
wn* nvallcd, retiimin^ lii* mlrixlAncvi at tho 
cottneil board un 'J Aug. He bad reaigtte' 
the living of Ivyehnrcb on '.2^ May IfiSfi. nnili 
uu & Jane lriu7 he ivnii ioslalied trrttaniVT i 
KietcT Catliednil, but ihia ubo be nwig 
befwp M»rv!i fulliwinir. 

In Si'iiifnilnir I 'mmWoIIod waa Once toom 
leiit In l'rnnC(<nHi''Oinmi*f.ioner with Amndel'; 
and Thirlby for drafting np term* of peoctf^)) 



Wotton 



60 



\\"otton 




in wlibcli Knglaiiil and Spain, Franco And 
Krotlnnd oliniili] bp inr.liitlni). Mnr^' died 
whilp the confettineewmiKltinjiBt Opcnmp, 
and Ulizubiah imm«Iiiitt-lv orJcrnl WotUm 
to BruasuU to runew wiili I'liiltp the treatiw 
«xiftlilig betweun Eiigluiid and Spain. The 
pesc«negoliaiioD« wi>ri; contiNU«at1i«ro,snil 
•utMmneQtIy al the cnngri'os of Cnmbniy. 
TbRcliiof di^cnllT wn> thn Knglii^h drninnd 
for lUc rmlitution of t'alnin, nnd Wolion 
ndvocntcd a poiiiinminoi- of i lit- wnr niiliiT 
t)iBu ac^qiji(^BVi.'ii:^(> in ils lusj. I'liilip. Iiuw- 
tveT, vriii li-^ut ')[i jBiiiicL', aiid bvi-iiUihIIv <•» 
6 Alftv )"j''9 Wffi.ioii wii» oiwitiii>-si<)ii<-i^ to 
fcccivn ihi- l''ri'ncli king'* rntiftcntion of tlic 
trcnt^ of ('nlrnii-('nnil)rf»i«. H.i wn* ihitii 
V> mliim to ICiitjImul, ivniint; Sir Niciioliw 
Tlirochniorliin oa n'tident ambassador in 
France. 

Four dnyi ufliT Qin.'Uii Mttrv'" iK'iitb ibe 
8iiftiii»li Hiiiba8ftiid<ir, Vfv l-VriH, bn<l iirj^pd 
Piiilip to offvT Wmlon a pnnftion, n* hi* 
tcnuld Iw oni- of ]Clixnb):lb'> most influential 
coundllon and powibly iirchbi»hop ofCan- 
lerbtiry. Tbf nrthbiiboprii- Kenifi lo bnvL' 
tMwn ufli-ivil bjm, but uvcn tbiB tvmpliiti'iu 
fuilc^d Id mutt> WoTtini from bi« atlitude of 
Tiwfo rpigrnjiari. !)■' t'l-ria iiiiji!ivi>i thai tliirv' \ 
WS8 »nm<> dilliditly iii p'rvnitdtn^ WciTton In 
take thn ORth of nlli>ginnrR, ' ntcctccn,' but 
whilo CnntnrbutT wn« vacant Wolion pcr- 
fonnod, m hn bnd doiit? in loihl-o, some of 
the aTcbiL-pitKupnl fiinclivns. His n-Ugioua 
opioicnui vivtv eatliolic in tJiuduucy, And he 
aownted hiuiMilf from convocation in IMS. 

Meonwbili^ in April IRfiO \\f Iftid bafora 
the qiirun bis vinw« nn thr policy to l«i 
Bdnpted witb ri-ganl lo Spotlnnd, nnd 011 
25 May ha nnd CvcA wi-ri? cntnuiissioin-d 
nmbusiiadors to BuotUiid to arraiigyt Ivriua 
witb the FrL-iioii eu\'oyB for Iho ■•variiation 
ofScollnnd bv Ilie Fwiiph, atid othpr qua** 
tions raix^l by tb>^ cstnhtiidinipnt of tlic 
Reformation in Scotland and return of Mary 
Quntn of Scot*. CIn 5 Jumt confen-ncf-i wi-ni 
held at Ncwcosllr'.niid niibarqiivntlv at Birr- 
viick and Bdinbiir);b. Cw\\ cumptalneJ of 
liaviue all lUewurk to du, 'iV-r Mr. WoLtou, 
tliougli very vfisi', lovys f[ijii'tnt>B«.' On 
6 July lb" treaty of 1',ilinbur|(h wa* 
aij^od, nnd Wotton and (Vril n-tiimcii to 
iMndoii. Wotton ntmniiK-d in nttcndanci- 
Upon tho privy council until Mnrcb li'ilM-o, 
Vbnn liv was lent wilhMuritBf;u autl Haddnn 
to Uriiges to i"epr™i'nl llic Krisvance* of Kng- 
lUli merfhanii lo the Ni-ilierlnniia Kovnm- 
In(^ut, aad lo ue^lialo n r.oinnx'nual tn^aty. 
The negotialiona dragged on for rijibtv'n 
naontba, and it was not til! OcitobiT I'lM 
tbBt Wol.lon rRlumiHl to London. He died 
tbcMonStlJan. I000-7, and waa buried In 



Canlerbnty Cathedral ; a magnilicont tomb, 
prncted by bit ni^nw Tbonuu [ana nndnr 
WoTTOii, SiH Kuwahd], i* awrarcd in 
Dntt'a ' Cdnlerbury Catlwdml And iu 
Uaalod'a ' Kent " {8vo ^H!i^ vol xii. p. i) ; tlws 
inaoription on il, coinposad by hia nephew, 
liajibveiL frequently printed, laatly, nndinurt 
ttccurali'li', in Mr. J. M. Cowner'a ' liucrip- 
lionninf'nntprbnrTrnlhcidral, Ifi»7. Wot- 
ton's books and papi-ra w^fn nreacntt^ by hi» 
ni'plicw and beir to Cecil in 1603. 

Wotlon was one of the abltnt and most 
experietici.'d of Tudur diplomatiBls ; Lit dei- 
li'rity, warineta, and niwlom, coiurtaatly 
rvfr-fn-d Ui ill the dipluoiatic correepondMica 
of llie time, wirre combined with • perfiiet' 
srlf-rontrol.andiriib a tpnncitir and coutic« 
in mainlainintr hi* country'* intereua Ibat 
Hi'euriHl him the confidcucu oi four aucci«- 
■ive suvtireigns. Be vraa 00 morv incon- 
aistiMLt tlian modern diplomati^ta in aerni^ 
t-ovvrumeots of oppofile ])olilica1 and rr- 
ligioua view*. lie made no prntenc* lo 
ihonloRical laaming; hia elorieai profoMioa 
wa« auDost n nociuaity for TnunffeT aan* 
ambitious of |iolitit.'al aervioi-, and lii> rwalntv 
rrl'ural of ibe vpiscupuuy on the Kii>iuid of 

fi^raunat unGtuwui ia lealiuioay to biaboueaty. 
lia aituulianeoua tenure of tlu< deaneries of 
Caoterbuiy and York ia unique, but hia 
OOClMiaatical profRrmcnis went for thf agn 
comparalividy acnnty. K master of l^tin, 
Freiicb. Italian, and Uenuan, bt- buinoroualy 
protested agaiiut bis appuinluient aa aeorv- 
taiv, on the ground that be could neither 
write nor apeaK Engliiib. A «choler bimwl^ 
he was n patrnn of laaming in otbefa, and 
tlguri's as one of thn c-hii^f interlocutor* in 
the ' Do ICi'Uis Albionicis' (I.ondon, ISSHJ, 
8vo) of John Twvne fq. v."). thu (.'aolerbury 
Bcbuol master. Veraea on liim axv vxlaut in 
the Kixlteiau Library (Ilawliii^in M:ii. 840,< 
It'. l'£<3, -J07, 2S*n). He wn* small and alight 
ill Mature, and bis oillfly in ('anterbury 
ralbi-dnil n'prviciit* him with a liandaome 
hrardnd face. 

[I'lii'rc <> i\ tikftiiti of Wi'itoa'i lifo in Tedd'a 
Xirnas of Cdnti'ri'ury. 1*93, pp. I-S9. vhieb i«i 
kappltmcnt'^ in a ci>llciTiion ot notM about huBl 
tn lint. MiiK. AAA. M:4. SU77D, but thaeainn] 
quile »iipMiH>'l«l by tlio mass of informsti 
almit liim coiitniood In llie rnri'iua caUodant 
»lst» pHpfir*. Vor bis turly life and embafay] 
t't (Wiiinny. ISID- 1. »'•'■ Itrcwcr nnd (lainlncr'e 
Lrlli-rsand Paprn iif UroryVIII, vels. iT-ati.tl 
for his embassir*. IM3-A. ■»* Stale Papur-, 
K«nrj Vill, col*, rlii-i.. and Spanisli Calendar. 
vul«. Ti. aad vii. ; for Iiih anibiwiiha in Fmuei'. 
lAIG-e. IAJ3.'. and loag-9, an Stale Paprm 
llrnry VIII. toL ai,, CoTrospand. Politiqvs rie 
Oilvt dn Si'ti'g, t'otalgn Waadar IdOS-SD, 



I 
I 




6i 



Wotton 



t Ambiumlw du 
I da Cattiariiie 
HMicU, 1884, vol. i.; Tor bis amlMun in 
StotUnd MS Thorp'i Sfotimh C^laniliir, ral. 1.. 
B«iB'« Scurtub Cul. 1dl3'6^. TFolri's Kslntioix 
PoUtiqim aod I'npHrn d'Elal ( UinniLlyns Club). 
PoilMa'aSuio P«pi>ii,ud Sir Jniiiti Mstiillo's 
Maaolra. 8ra aUa Ctl. SUir fAgirm. bam. 
lS4*-4lt; AcisofibsPnryCoiiDoil.Bl.UaMDU 
lfi«:!-:0: Cal. Hntficld USS. W. i.; Uathm 
fead Mnrdin'i Butgliloj PkfiDn; Le Nnra'aFmnJ 
Rxl. hngl.tA. HHnlVi Slrypo'iW-rku (^■■iirnil 
iiulfx); Uungh's Indra to r&ckcf ^oc. Tubl ; 
E3Ti*'<0ri;(inlI«t((r*; CM. Liiudoimc.Cntion, 
and HatUtin.and AddltinnkI IIA!}. pkuimiCnl. 
Simiuiov* MSS IAfi8-0*:Stov'iiAiiiiitlB: Uolin*- 
li«r«Cliroit:LiI.R«Taaiiuof Edwud VI (Box- 
borgh* Clqli) : Tmutiln* connn-ttd wiih iha 
PMj*r Hulk. Miirlijii'n Diurj, I'liMn. (luMa 
Jsoa. lind Hajvikpfi Aimili tCurndpn Sot-): 
llfrtJtri* Biiip of Henry VUl : IInywiird'» nml 
Tytier"* EJwATd V] ; Wrij(!il> Lift «iiil Time* of 
BImtii'tli; IturuKLV IJi>t. -it thv K(<furaialiun, 
«d-PoeMk; Fiotidd'i Uint.of Eok^ikI: BureOT>'» 
Xiifc ud Tine* d[ Oreihnni; ltoliqui« Wot- 
toDiMis i .^achiuna Epidtolw; Riuted'* Kent, 
jr. 681). Hnd ollior cpunluginl rrlerMiMi* undvr 
WorTo.t,SiBEow*iiD.l A. F. P. 

WOTTON, 'rHOMASCci.l76Gl,<.fmiml.T 
of tbn 'BanHiPiimc/wnii the •on of HntiWn- 
Walton, vbo kupi m biMkubop nt Iho Them 
Damn aud Qumd's lli^rtd. wm St. Uun> 

MUiB Cburcb, FImI Strv«t. AcCMilinj; to 

John DiinUiD [q. r.], (lie ^Mer Wotlon vm 
'ft Ttfy eourteoiw, obliglni! mBii' of th« 
highcft dmnctttr, irhoti- trndc 'Iny much 
■HMMff tba lawycn.' Thouioi W'ouon tac- 
cee«feu to his fslher'a buiinoa and auriod it 
on tot mBDT jrunn, but ntirvd Binuc tiinr- 
befM« liis (iMlb, II« tras warden of tlm 
Suiionn«* OorapiwT in 1794 nnd iniuirr in 
17fi7. AiMiRg tbn work* puUUbpd hy liiin 
■"■"■ Kuihwcfflb'* ' llitloficttl Coll«ciion«' 



■nd edition* of tba works of Ilanon nnd 
S«Men. To 1727 hi^ iMoed in llir«D amnll 
(Kkno) vulumnt bis 'Ent;lit)i Saruntrliigv. 
B«iii? B Genealogical auil HieiiLTnL-iil Ac- 
eouDt of their Paniili'-ii.' I' h <l<.-iiienwd to 
Holluiil KgHrlon of llrfllon, l.llI^cll^h^rR,(On 
<lf Sir John, bnroticl, of Wrine Hall, Stnf- 
fordthinr. Willinm Uiilmnn [q. v.'' of Hiil- 
■tc«id,E>«ei,amlThiiruluiin;!i liuTI^on[(^.v.] 
of Norfolk bad aUovlacrd tlii-ir I'ullfctions 
ftt bla ili^poMl : and gtvttt a^iMauce liail 
b«Mi yivHD liT Anhur Collin* [il-v.], who 
bintHlf publubnl n baronetimn in 17:?0. 
Tlw work ii dividnd into Sm •nctions, con- 
taiDitiff n-spoctivply an account of tbc iatti- 
tationof tlw) order d; Jainuil, ihu di-sci-ntn, 
OMtiona, sttooeatioiu, and publiu i-mploy- 
aeetaof tb» baronetf; corrvct Una of exist- 
'mg and extinct bftrone()i, t'Xiict tablee of 



prpcrili'iii'n, and an accuiini of tlin inilitulion 
of tbu order in Xora St.''>lia aud Irvlund. 
An eipUnalorr indt'» of teriiiB in liemldryl 
U spficndi^. In 1741 Woltoii publiabed inJ 
five oc'taro rolumc* a rwUed and enlar^ 
editiou, which i> umalljr nRanooiiily nttri^ 
buted to Collina. In it wcm incorponil<Ml 
Iha manuscript notai funiuk«d by Uobcrt 
Smjih, who had pabUahed a Toliims ofJ 
eonvctioiu and additionft. IVIm he Xcts' 
[q, v.], who pnbliali^d three folb vulumo* 
on the anmu mbiect, alwi n^dervd faluablu 
BSMaiance lo \\'otion in prcpuuig tliis Vi- 
rion. Iietlun. note*, and piKligmra fiimishiMl 
to Wottou fur big ' BaruootaRti ' ate in Brit. 
Mini. Addii. MSS. 241U-l'l. 

In 1771.nftBr Woiton'i d«atli, a farthorj 
lAdition of Iho * nitronvtoge' wat itaued is. 
thrse ToluntM, iindpr t)in vdiior«tup of lUn 
cbard Johnson nnd fCdwnrd Kimber [q. v.]l 
Tiie copy in tbc Britiah Mmouin ha* inaun- 
«cript noU-R by Francis UarCTnvn. 71i« 
nrrangometil of each edition ia curonolofpcal, 
Wotton diiNl nl I'.iint Iti-aaaul, SurrEV, on 
1 April 1760. 

[Ni<?hoIs's Lit Anaed. i. Hi. iii. 4(0, 411 an. 
60:1. T. <B, <!la.^ Gent. Mac, 1700. p. 199; 
DunUin'n IJh nnil Krrurv. 1818. i, 310: AUi-J 
Ikiu'i'x I>>(-I^ Knitl. Lit, ; Wouoo'i Baninolun* ; 1 
att. Col.UK!!. AiiiuttB.1 (I. Lb (i. S. 

WOTTON, WII.l.tAM (lB«!rt 172S), 
•cbuUr, «PCond son ()f Hcntj- Wotlon, in- 
ciLuibaut of Wrenlbnm, .Suabtk, wn* born in 
Iliat pariah on 13 Auu. IfMiO. HLt fiulior,] 
nfler seven years nt the free Btdiool nt Cnn>l 
tfrbiiiT, lived in th« houMhold of Murii; 
Cn»aiihon [a. v.J, nnd wm by liini (rained iu 
l^ntin and (inHiK. CnanubonV method se« ma 
to havp nLKp'»tcd to Henry Wotton llie ad- 
vantage of Iryliid from tlio bi-ginning to in- 
lery^ol ebililriMi in tbeir Filudi'.->,Bnd bit ' IC*- 
«ay r>n the Ivdiicaiioti uf Chitdroii' wiiapub- 
liolird piifltliiimoiisly in 1763. 

Willinm foiitd rt>nd n psidra whMi agvd 
four yptin nnd »ix wcpk*. nnd from ibul dalo 
hi* falber lubonml nt bi» pdnr-nt.ioii. Ho 
likpd n-ndint' in big booU* iiuoh ni Iluck'^ 
' Cauibridj-e Itible.' Onu dny u friund nnllcd 
on his father, brinuini* with him Itnci^r'n 
' (.'jimmpntnrv on the i iL'sptd.' The child 
Icioknd into till) Ivfk nnri tried to Hpell out 
Iho l.jntin word*, nnd lliiis b^cam*.' vugirr to 
laiow thnt Ian(iun^. He n-nrhrd into it by 
Icaminit thi> nnmc.i of Ihini;*. and so was 
aouaablf tori^ad ibi.- guspul of St. John in tho 
Vulg'Btt!. .\fler Ivfo months nt St. .lobn'ri 
compel in Latin li'n fulher slaun-ud him tho 
Grwk Testnmcnl, and h<t live yeara of bkb 
lie cniild mnd St. J'lhtiV lidspel tbrougbi 
Two month* latrr 111' bi'gnn Hebrew, aud toon J 



Wotton 



«z 



Wotton 



rrnil the finbBntm. Ertvyduvhi'ibmnvad 
BnslisliBtMgDt, Latin at t«ii, ttrcvk al two, 
ainT llpbivw at t'.ntr. II« gnidiiitltr acqiiiiwO 
a tiiitiirnl iw'iVL'plioiiofgrftramnr. AtGvtam] 
abnif ho bi^nii ilotnT nnd Virgil, and by "ix 
he hni) fnnii tins vrlioio ' ItiitrnchcKnyoino'^Iiin.' 
Ihrifoldpn vernfaof ("ytliagonHiUnd tlie first 
thrci' cclo;[uy3 of \ ireil, and toain Ti-renL-i- 
Bad Ctirrdvq'jiia. IIv tbeu for ttiu firet tiiuv 
leanwd tb«i iWcI«nfinnii, and *cion ndvr the 
real of grnmmnr. On 2-i Mnv Wi2 Jv<hn 
OmbltT, fellow of f'orjiiui Chrirti OoHegc, 
Carabridg^nxniiiitKMlliim iindc«rtilli^i»liii 
knowlMlaa of Laliii. Hn-fb, nml H'^brvw. 
Philip Skippon on I Sv{it, WT-2 \mtif\tnl that 
lie could tniri'lnti.- IIc<br<fW,Orvpk, aud iMia 
(bIo KnpIiBh : und nn ^0 Jiilj in liio utiai} 
TWr Sir Thnms' KniviniatbcpbyMciniiCiTti- 
Md that ho rrnd n dnnxn in ^iicn*cr \eiy 
di(iin(rtlT,aUc) aamaTerHi of tlw finii fplojtue 
of Virffit, Minie vetaea of Homer, and of lb* 
Cnrmina Aurva. and tb« flnt vi^T«>t> of rba 
fourth chipTvr of Goneua Ju Ilubraw, aiid 
conglru«d nil arciiratnlr. 

}lv wnk lulmitirrd att?ntbnnn(i Ilall.CaTn- 
bri"!(ii', in April I6T8, nnd John Knchnrd 
[q.^.l thi! mmlcT, rtsrordud in tlie rr);i»''"' 
that ho was l«i tbaii ten yi'tin uf aj^' nnd 
' aee Hammoadu ut-c Cirolio 80C<ld<1uh.' in 
reading which «lnt»En«nt il miiM, bowi-ver, 
be RtnembenKl thrtt. KnHmrd hnrl n vein of 
ironical liiimoiir which mndc Swift cnm-^ to 
vbithim. .Tain™ Dupnrt [q.r.|, raiittcr of 
Jklaitdaldncdombed hmniprils in scunr J.ntin 
Tonca' In Unliidmum Wutloimm,' ilu |^- 
dlut<^d H.A. in l(S7a In lUNO nilk-rl Rui^ 
net invited hini lo Iiondon anit inlriidnced 
fcim to Ttt*hop Willinni Moyd (I(!27-]717) 
[q. v.\ who Iinok him in 18f I tn St. Ainpli, 
and einployot! him to nrmnirp hli libmry. 
Dr. Francis Turner (nflfrwnrdiibisb(i[>or Ely) 
fq. T.] got bim a fcUuwKbip at Si. Jolui's 
Cbllfi;!.', Canil>rid|i>>, nnil bi> Kmduat^il SI. A, 
iir-HWl, ami HO. in liffll. JU woa elected 
F.R,S, on I T-Vb. I>W7. 

In itidl Wollnn pnbli»htd ' Itnlli^ctiDn^l 
npi>n .\nciont nnd Slodt^ni Ii^nnsinK." a pon-| 
tnbution on the side uf tbit modi-rus to thu 
controvurBy Iwtwi'i-u Sir Williaiu Tenipli- 
nnd M<Tn«ifur l\-rmiill. Unlike most cua- 
trui-cniul wrillnpil i«cbipflydo«)ted trillie 
clMr alHtMii^nr of fnrti;, nnd icity atill h<' mad 
M tho IW8t snmniary of Ihn diicovrrirn in 
natnm nnd phyairol acii-ni* up to it» date, A 
•ocond itdilion nppLiari'd in Iljft7. Swift, on 
tbeoiboriidcuf iuvrouirovi]r«v,Attflcki bim 
inlLp'Batikoflbylliiolts.' InlfiOS Wntton 
publishud in l.he ■ I'hiloiophicnl Trnnnac- 
liong ' an ftbulrnrl of Spilln's lr«ili«n on 
petrifiietion, and in 1607 n vindiiilion of 
that, nbatroct and * An EantTiination of Dr. 







WMdwuiA Accmint of thp IMtige : ' 
wen fitUonvd iu \>i>i \)j 'An Aiuwer 
lfll« PamphWt.' n* paid muck atlention 
1(1 tnvdalti, and in 1701 wmt* a ' llUtofy oC 
Home from thn IWih of Antnciinuc I'iai t^H 
tile diinlh of Scvrran AUxuidcr,' intvndoj^l 
fur the Duke of Oraf^n, uf irkicli it i* *aid 
thiti Leibniii utvind it lo OeutEL' H. 

Meantime ^^ oltonntMiTtdprviermi'ul.and 
was in ItiOl ^iveu tb«livin);<>f Llandrill-yn- 
Ithi'n in n^nbigkabire, liraitni' rlupUiu tat 
Daniel l-'incb, MCOnd rarl of Xottingbaia^ 
and a littU latprrccti>rof Midillntoa Km 
Bnckingbamabirr. Iu 1704 bn puUii 
' A Letter to Eu»ebi«,* an attack on Toland 
atid iu lilHJ a ' Defence 'of bis own 'It 
flrctirin».' ItUliop Otiruet ptvaenled him i 
18 Not. I7TO M tha prebeud of (irantlia 
South in Sali'hiiry ('atl]«dral, whicli h» b»-Id 
till hii death, nnd AKhbiihop Teniion i^ 
1707 conferred Upon him the dngmc of D-D, 
He uiibUibed iu 1700 n vtMlotion nmnon. 
' A T)efiMir» of the Ilifchta of tbe Chriiliaii^ 
Chnrch.'wiiiclj attacked Tindul andrwuived 
niuohnppinu»i>, IlitwMcoaxtanllyat irotk, 
and pnbliHhnl in ITCM *A Short View vS^M 
Hiikes's •' Thesanmi.' ' in 1711 'The ttight^H 
of the Chri.iilian Church AdjiulM,' and^^ 
' Tlie Camr ^f Coovwnlion Coiuidered.' lie 
wn« in emlutmirte'l eircumitancr* in 1714 
nnd rolirrd ii.ln Wiik-a. where he wrotfl 
n irrati.w ' IV ronfu^i'in? I.iiiiciiaruni Babr-, 
lonicn ' (piililiihni poklbuinoiiidy, 17%, Sro^ 
lie publifllied in 171» two roliiniiui entitle ' 
' MiHci'llaneotis Diteounc* irliitiiijr to tl 
Traditions and I'la^p!* of Ibe Seribr* and] 
lliariiw*.' The work is in four pnrt*, at 
whioh lhn6n!t two are ou Misnii.lhe tliirdt 
.Shcma. pliyUctnrii:'«, and gttr* and door- 

Savts, the fourth on tb* nbi'en'iiiuM' ofonv 
tyinaeven. Jlo uriiv*thn clpriry wbeiiie»B 
Cible to leani Hebrew and the hittnrj i 
iali riigtonis from lenrned Jew*. Sinun:] 
Ucklpy [q.T.l. the historian of the Sware 
commemlvdtiichook iualeitvrioihenuthoru 
and it hru nften benn quoted In later ilicalo 
|[icnl writiiiRs. lleiiiihli*he<la ' DeM-riptioal 
of the Calbedrul of LhrndniT' in ITUt. 1 

Watloii dilii-eutly studied WoUh. and o»J 
Ilia nrtiim to London preached n h>rnifln iul 
Wnlib, dedicatwl to l\i<^ stewards of the Si>J 
cii;ly of Ancient Urir'.ns, on 1 March 173^,] 
which wnKpubliihed in }72S. Ilealsooiadel 
cousiderableprofrreJiinanrdilion witblnni- 
iBtion of the laws of Ilywnl Ttiln, publitli«j 
after bis deotb as ' LeKc-s Walliwi' in irJW, 
fol. lie wn» probably encouramd in Oilt^ 
sliidiet nt I'ntltnriue Hall, which fan* froas 
ihc tineof NehcmiaiiDi>nrlIau[q. v.]t«A*t 
of (JeorRe Ivlwea Oorrie fq. v7>, and ew» 
later, produced a srriesaf RUideDtAof CMiic 




-V. 



A 




W^oty 



6j 



Woulfe 



hB^awni. lR]>^>1bnn'riwd' A Nfw His- 
Wnr of KoelMiMticnl W'riier* ' of Uu I'in, 

Wi>ttondM(lon ISKob. 17:>Uiit BiuiKlin 
Emm. After liis Avulh nlitbiw of !«<vvmI 
of bis irorks appMrwl, knil iu 1'IU ' Somr 
TlioiifEhia caBOH-niag a Proper Upthml of 
■tudying DiTinitv.' n« Rtniiwd • ^aworful 
ViMDOry tliHiu^hoiiit Itfi^ bit Ifianut^ was 
•Imn MSdy, and br liclprd tnnnv utlier 
ccholWis, knaoic ibcca liravmo Willis rij.v.] 
Ilia huidwritiogwasof tlavBlrukeaiuiiIver}' 
elmr. 1I« vma of b grtiial didpmition and 
(boil of ttnolritig'. Ho g^vu a Roman urn, 
vbidi bail btfrn ilug » at Sandy, nndtord- 
(tire, lo Archdeacon llatiplf of (lintOTburT 
for a lohKCtKJar (Letter is N ickou'h ///s*> 
tration*, iv. 99). He wn» tlw frit-od of 
Iticlinn) Ik-ntli-r nnd of Sir Isnac X'>wtiin, 
aad Hwnuld Iibt* felt no tvta^ntusrDT nl itin 
Mreaaau of Siritt. TI« lofl, \'j bin wifn 
Atuw llamnoDil, of St. Albnn'i Coait, nnnr 
CadI«rburT,on»claiii;bt«rAni>ol1T00 17^), 
wfao narnrd Wiltinm CXniVt t.\&M 1771) 

THcarj Wotton'* Ennj oti (b* tylimtion i>f 
Pbildm. tondw. 1733. Tlie Ciimbridg* I'ni' 
»Bt*ity litnary ropy of thi* Bork eontiiin* a 
ntanaMTii^ ouOr Btatinc (bat ibn (irijti""! nimiii- 
wcmk <f the taaay w (^vtn In T. Vr'iilW Ihu 
hmbalW. who ibiibI it. hy IC Umfrevillr>. ]i 
ini* vrilton «ilb x dvdk'nttan in Chnptoa II in 
1417), b«l BOt piin(«>l till I7<'>3, Tlii> ihtiiu 
Mpy eontflini atetui noln liy Itii'luinl I'lrmu. 
MoMhly Rciin, i;.i.1; Monk'i L'fe tif Gi^i- 
ley, ISS3, nl. i.i !>• Niv'iiFiuiii Kivlr*. Antili- 
«aaa, tuI. ii.: Nicbula'i Litrnry lUuiimtintLH.- 
Wottoo'i Worki.] S. M. 

WOTY, WTLUAM (1781P-ir»H. t^toU 
fipT.wMpoeaibtyaaatiTeofib^iIiile of Wight, 
Biidan>attxhupO«iins i^nnclni^nnbi* vbonl* 
QianiT.wbo lived nntr Alton m llDiupKhiTc. 
rtn •THRMi toljondon aa ■ cImIc or nritrr to a 
vtlirltor in ebuiccry, luid toon ht^nn •{imk- 
ing in th(! detMting wwieiinand coiilrihiiT- 
tR]; uoall mvtoi to tbe nvwepajx-rv. .S<>»ie 
u□l^ *|>ubii»b«d cUndMlinr-lv in 17riri. vitS- 
out bi» pciiwenl, in abormwi-d nnni'',*n tmnll 
piewofbi'corapMiliniicallrd'Thr'SjioiilinK- 
dnb.' Ill- bjmfti-iriuiupd in 1760, umlT ttie 
|u«iiidonyni of ■ JA'opyitiell of LiTiculn'iInii,' 
a Totnme entitti-d ' Tin- Sbrab* uf Parnuaiu,' 
if*nrirtiff([ of ibe ' povtirnl eMays, mornl and 
ecmie,' whlcli b« bad conIribiiI<<d to ihn 
neivtpap^T*, (ind nft«r iLi nnpramnrii bi> nili- 
aisteo for ■nmi' jrnw ann Cirub-ntrr*! writrr. 
About 1767 hp bmsnw coinpnnion onil nd* 
xxtat in li-jral mnitcpi to W s.ihinf[loi>. «irl 
Tmrrt, wlio i^rtAlvi) (or hi> Iwnefit a runl- 
clunia of luOf. pur annum ou tbe family 
Mtato in LeiceetersbiM. In bia uilerraU of 
leitoi* Wotv coDlinaed tbronghout bia lif« 



llw production of email pmtkalpiMM. Tbe 
subjeclsof many yuta* in lhi> 'Sbrutii of 
PWnaaaiu' Xratify to bi* doTolJon to tlie 

EleaaoK* of lh« table. He di«l at Louch- 
nrougbon IfiMarvb 17t>l,Ditr!(] about Kiity. 

Woiy's oiti(>r works iucludL-d: I. *Qunpa- 
oolojfia: B Po«m In pratie of Ringing 'fanon.}, 
I'UI. 2. ' Blnaw* Adrtra adilt«aMd' lo ibu 
PofXt of til.? Ajt"-,' 1781 (cf. MoBtklg Rtaev. 
%\-c. (tp. 47K i»|. 3. 'The flloMomt of 
Helicon,' 17«;t. It contatnnd, with ahyiDnto 
(rood naloru by llr. llorld. nn Btnuanr dv- 
■cription by Wi>1y uf WJiilu Conduit Ifouw. 
TliMeliaM, wluca mailo tlivir Krsl apnoiT- 
anew in Ihn * Gi-ntleman's Mai^Eini.' for 
1760(p.2lil.ni*()QOtJ'dnt l-^o^b in Tbom- 
burv's ' Old nnd New i.nndan " ( ii. 2fH)) nnd 
in Wrotb's ' Ltmdcm ricjiniv linnl^na' (pp. 
ia2-.')». ■J.'TLel'o-liMH-nli-uikr.'o.iipplo. 
mm! to IJod*lej"8 oolkctioii. 17t5S; tmdva 
roliim.^11, on« for eacb month in tbnl year. 
Thi-y wcT«t odilod by Woiy and Frantriii 
Fawkea (n. ».J R, ' Ofaorcb I.ni]Eton : " a 
poem, B.d. [IT68P1, in pniUa of llie cliari- 
lable ptojeota of the Hcv. William llaubnry 
fq. v,J 6. 'Tliu Female .\drocnt>!:' npvm, 
I.70,3od*dil. 1771. 7. 'I'orticnl Worb." 
1770, a Tol». i <lei!icat<-d to U'nihiiiKtan, 
cnrl Fcrrcm. 8. 'Thi' Slnire,' ii.ii. [1770?] 
B. ' I'ariic^itar I'Mvidnnci? : ' a poetiou 
i.>!uay, 177*. 10. ■'ITii- l->ini« Oralora: »' 
Town Ei'loK'"'' [anon.], 1774; a natim on 
t)i<< l:On'lon auctiunwr*. II. ' I'opmii on 
vTpml Occafiiou^,' I78U: lliii uotain«d 
rpprinlJ of jj^v.'ral of bi» irorhs. ll(, *Ftmi" 
tivR nnd Ori^inul IVwnis' 17?^, ountaiu 
'The Country (innllciusD : a Diaaia,' 
la ' I'oirlieur .\mn<H'miTnrii,' 1789, dtdi- 
caled Iu Itobert, varl Varen. It cnnlaine 
a Ljilin Trrsion of fJniy'i id«^; 'RiMila^ 
Schoola : a PiwticBl Liinluciu? beiimn «" 
Noblemnn and big Chaplain ; ' nnd ' The 
Ambiliouii Widov : it L'omic Hatertaiu- 
mi'nt.' 

[GcQt Hbk. 1791. i. 385.370: Bakrr'i Itiogir. 
Di'ainnti.-a (U)3 edit.}, i. Tdn. \i. 34. 115: 
Notn mA HayitVD. 4il> m*t. ii. 419, 498 : Workii 
..f Woly; Nichola'a Lpioutrt^ire. in. ii. ni7, 
Ins.] W. P.C. 

WOULFE, PKTlCIt (I7i7:--I«);n. cbe- 
mirt and miui-Taloj^it, wuf pmbnblyof Iridi 
origin. Uu tint discovert^d nntivi- tin in 
Conmall in 1766 (ForBCBOT, Sylhnf df» 
Conn'ti'snnre^ f_3iiiitlfurt, \\. 9t, was clcctad 
F.U.S. .Ml 6 Fi'b. 17(17, ou the urupoMl of 
Henry nAk.T [q. v.l, .lidin Kllij, Daniel 
Chnrka Kolnndrr i<(.v.'', .Miilitiou- MHlv.iuid 
.lolm Bevi*. uud n-n» ndroitiml on 12 ^(iirvti 
17tl7. On It* Nov. of the nanii' vrfitlie eon- 
tribuied a p:ipvc ou ' Kx peri men ts on tho 
OiatillationofAcidi, Volatile Alkntieo,' &£. 




Woulfe 



64 



Woulfe 



10 the ' I'liiloiopMcnl Traiunciinaii' (ITW, 
). ■SI?), in ivhirli Ik; di-smbiu an apnanttiu 
'cir ihi- )imsin)t of flutc* thrDii^h liiiuid*. 
wliicU biu aincr- bornf tlic nninc of ' WoiiIfn'» 
boltlc' W'uiilfc^'it innovnlion conu.itrd in 
tliv introduotionuf water iiilufi form uf cua- 
dt'ii^r pr^viou»I>' afA, anil nlreajy Ifeured 
ati'l iloRrrilinl in (ilktibnr'fi work on ' rbilo- 
Bopliical I''umiicrai'(()ui.'»KK, Work/.tianti. 
fcy Paekc, IfWO, plmo I, pp. 2-3). Hui ibU 
MtBpIo tnvuiitioii formud ' nlmoit nn en, in 
cbi^iuicul diBt'overy" (AiEix), 110 conrcnii'iil 
nietbml bviii); kuowu ptvviuual<r f'>T ubtaiu- 
■ii|; i?i<iiceitt.rai«<l *i>IiiTiun» of (iiluble cuees 
or rorpiirifvinK innoliibln foiwa fivm «^ubl« 
impnntirc Tbn nppnntiiii won imnrovad 
by tho iiilroJuctioii of a ' •nfuiy-IuDo' bv 
Jean Joiwpb WoIut. \\'oulfp applied bis 
np{>arBlU9 to tbe prmiupliuii of liydrucbluric 
«tliur byoBMing gMuoui hydrochluric acid 
inlo alcoDol. In 1708 tbs Itojal Sociolv 
awftidod liim ibo Toplcy mmltl. In KTl 
Wftiilfo invmtifiDtFd tho comtiMilioii and 
pr'pnrmion of ' mciiuic gaW (ilannid niU- 
phicio), imd nhowed tlint on tivatinii iudi^, 
cuc^hiiioul. and otbur uol<)uriiig niulti^n willi 
atrunf; nitric acid, a yellow ijj^ (oicric ncid) 
mar be oblainpd {Phit. Tmnf.i7i l,pp- 114, 
I'iiX IIk wna Lnlnr nnminnli'd by tbe pre- 
•idriit nnd coiuipil 'to prn»ncut'> dinrorcrirj 
in nntiinil bistcin-. piinuonl lo tbe will 'if 
lli-nrv Hiikitr,' ruid in 177« (ifi. p. HOo) piib- 
tiihcd an acrouul of ' EjipiTinivnlB uiadi?. . . 
lo McerUin tlif tiuliirfof foiiieniiuerat dub- 
atancuis'iu vtbidi be ntlempred lo nnoly^e 
ImruRilver, but frinnd tbni il ronlnineil not 
<inly 'acid of mil,' but nliio ' ncid of vitriol." 
Tbn paper ivri« publisbud it-piirati'ly in 1777, 
tranalnted into (]pruiim. and pubti^1l(■d at 
LcipaiK in \'~S {(iHEI.lS.fi'^A. iter Chtmir. 
iii.B'i'). 1( «'a» fi^llowod byaniibt^r pHi«'r 
on similar •iibj«rls in 1770 ( Pbtt. Tran*,) 

Woulfe (T^ni-rnny tpi-M bi> wintp" in 
l^ndon, nnd binfuciiuon in t'nri*, nnd from 
1784 nioit »f Ilia imbliculiom ii'uni Id bave 
Kopraivd in ICuziers ' Joiinial di> I'bysiquu' 
<l(i*l xtw 3W, 17^7 xtxi. ;«W, 17»< 3u\ii. 
870. 374, 17>i!) xxtiv. 99). Tbey are of let's 
imjiortanoe than Lhoac ni<>ii tinned above. 
11a alio cnnlribiildd to thu Kn^liab i^di- 
tion of Cri-ir* 'ChpmicidJoumnr (limelinl. 
Woulfe WB« a firm bi'lievcr in ulclii-mv- H<i 
tbuusbt tliut bin ' new mtlhod nf dial illation 
bid tair to diBfiivpr the iiwrcuriul and eo- 
lourin^ earthe of Ilii-chiT' {PAH. Travf. 
17ft7, p,'4l>; lipH-nrcbcdloniiforthoflixir, 
nnd "ntlribiitod bi> fuilniv lo wnnt of du« 
priTinralion bv pious and t'liaritablu act*' 
{IlRikMie), lie waa Bllon^elber prrutic. or, 
•eeordlng 10 Sebum, mad at the end uf Lin 
life ; but Schervr &ii1y adduces a« eTideDC«« 



doeltwaH 
.ben, an^^l 



i 



of his tnadn(>M[)igadlienDC8tolli«doet 
of a rcli^iodn pinphi>t named Itrolben, aik4 
hi* (troiiKc ■Ichcmicnl tdcMM. H^brnkfaMrd 
at four ■□ tbc^ momiDK, and )['■''->>* ^ainx] 
admittance by a ipcrrt litisul 10 bin room; 
crowded wilb cbumiciU upporntus, in Unr- 
nard'a tun (Xo. :!, wcond floor). His mQ«dy 
for illnoM vaa a journejr br maiUnuich li> 
Kdtnbufsli and back; but inlSOStbeKiuedj 
[iroTcd fiitol. l.iba JTeDi; Oav«nduli, 1m 
miistf^d on ilyiiit; witbnnt medical e»n and 
alu[i<.-. CburlLS llatchnlt [q. v.], Woulfb'M 
neighbour and frii-nd, prcatntod an atbanor 
furnace fnrmi-rly belonging to Woulfe to 
tba Roj'al liislilution. 

[Saililaa lb«Ruurm qnoltd and infanaatia 
from I'lufnaor Jimci Detrar. P.lt.S., tb* tMi 
ing onUloriticii haia bean toed : R*e«d of 1 
Itojiil S(v. p. 21 (: ArrhivMof tbn Itojal 6or.;^ 
Po(y[niidoTir» BiiiKriip'iiiK'h-Iil'nknaebcfl Hnad* 
wiirtirrtniFli ; i\. K. Srherar'i AllgflDoinn Jos^ 
nnl fur Chsmic. r, 128); ThoniMn'* IlUt. of 
tliD Itoynl Sat.; FoiiivrcTv'x !^,i*(J-tn<i dm Cna- 

Bninde'i Huiiaal of Chemiitrr, ISilt. 1. ji. iiiJ;^| 
Goot. Mag. 18CS. i. 1S7 («tt.'l>y John Titntsl:^ 
KiipN** Of«ch. dur Clii'iiiid, piiaaini ; Omclin'a 
GcKdi. dvrVbfmiv. iil.623-S:t6. paBim; Aiktn'* 
Dirt, of Cbumislry. ISOT. ii. 6(1 : Cha||ta]'a 
r^hominliy. tinnil. .VicbolMin, 1800, i. IT : Qlso- 
bfi'it Work*. IrsiiHl. Pbtoka, IS89, plato 1. P^ 
2-3 ; I'riMllcyV Kiperinnnta [on] Natned rai* 
Icwophy. 1780, ill. liVV nwnltoni WoDlfa a* aa 
ncquaintancr. NicbobiunV Joarnat, 1S43, ■*.<: 
UoHOiw Slid Soliorli'iDnin'*a Chcmislry, vol. tit. ft. 
i.p.313; FostsriGcByalnn AdmiBian Rtftnt^ 
ffirra ihe cntrv I ¥vh. 1771. ■?«» VlttniUtt 
W<M En,l. aiiJdUwa, pont.] P. J. H. " 

WOULFE, stp:piikn (i7dr-ie 

Irish .i»d|ce, born in 1767, wu tli» mean 
souofSl(.-pbrn\\'ouIfcr,fTicnDaclan«,Rniii%l 
CO. t'liire, wbo ninrrii-d tlonora, dnuRhior of] 
Micliaid McNuuiunt of Dublin, aialor of Ad- 
inirnUaint'" McNamam.andof Colonid JohoJ 
McNflinarn of Oangoed Catlle, co. BrvcoOf 
The Wiiulfrs of Tiornrnolano willed in Ire- 
Innd nt l.imnrick at Icsct. u far back aa the 
Iweinuina of tbo fiftccolli century, and had 
ivinaini'd slaunch Itoman calltolws. Stii^en 
u'M educattid at Stoiiyhumt, when Itklianl 
l.nlor .Sbeil, Nicbolafi Bull, and .Sir Tbanw 
Wyiui weri» hi» companionfi. With them h» 
waa ono of Ihn rnrlipat Roman catholic 
Ktiidt-nts^toKiiinadtniuiontoTnnily Coltp^, 
Dublin. He van cnUnl to the Irioh bar in 
Trinity lenn ISI 1. He wan n Kood advo* 
cale and un effective speaker. He took from 
an early priud an active pari in Iriah poh- 
tica, onjcapng in notation for ItoBikn Ca- 
tholic nmnnnpntinn. Hit foOD sigasliMd 
himielf by ' nithitandiBg tbo trraaaj of 



\ 



Wrangham 



Wrangham 



< rCtnineU.' Oil i>upM-tiun (o O'CutinRU 
WUB maiu] J in tvgara to ihv ijumtioii of ilte 
MCtiritiM which wetw demanded as a ci>- 
rnlUry of cstbolic eaiauoipaiion. Woulfi^ 
v«s quit« Kady to kccdI tlic rrown vvto 
Dfon the noniiifttion of cHllmlic hjuhnlM, 
and in 1816 publitbud a tnu^t in d(>frnci> of 
the veto, bfinji the lubiTkncn iif a iprcrli 
■klivprnlat Liii>vrickduiiii){tliv l.,Piil kutxts 
of ISIO. t»n H Maj Iv.",' iiefulbin.dO'LW- 
titll in sulAcribine th» a<ldm<4 to thv king 
4X1 ib>' »iilij«ct ol catholic relief (Wyni:, 
CatimJie Ajuanatiim, U. App.) WoiiKeV 
nodnntc riovs and abilitv rrcoinnicndrd 
bun to riunk«t, irho.tiiKiii Li* BpnointinrnL 
«u tool chiDivitor of Irttlnnd in 1830, frnve 
Woulfo ibt- lucTaltie port of crown coudipI 
for Mstislvr. He iras app<iinled third lur- 
jeant on 'i3 May 18:t4. aud haviiif i-ulvreil 
|isrlianii^i »a nfnlMr for tke city of Caah»1 
in f^ptiMnhnr ISSt, bo Iran apnointed soll- 
cirot^iTCDcrnil for Irvlaml on 10 Xov. ISSfi, 
lie ttftxiotil hi> ■■■nl in patliiunrni until 
July IKJy, but, ovi-in); mainly to ilMicnIlh, 
did nol niaki? mir li|;un> as a dpbnter. lit 
va« appoiiiltnl at'(i)ru<!V-i,imi^rBJ for In-Uiid 
0«i .1 Feb. lNl7.a(«i oii'll Julv IS3S, lu buc- 
ccjitinn to Hi'iiry Joy ( 1*67 -li^Sft), lii? was 
unulrchinf bamaoriliL' [mhrxchr4)ii>'r.bfiDi.' 
tbo tint Itonan cntbalin to lip to nppoinlril. 
Woulfe aecvpted the honour viib romp r^ 
luciano!. but tbv ■vK'ciiuu wiu nclmiiii'<l 
to Iw a '■*I>P7 "*■■-'• ^ d»ii>TL wiv* i[ali-d IB 
have be«B ••■> foot to e^t WoulfF to rvugn 
ii»f*vo«ir of OToniicil. but ' tbi* (obwaa d*- 
CKatnd by W'otilfu'* higli-ipiriind Htbidpw.' 
Ilr i> *aid to bar* btwii car«Ii>*» in fain attirv, 
awltward aadanftukrinhiini'iVi-niDnti, bur 
Trry eflVi'tWe in his uttcraiire ; tio profound 
lawviTi but H man of iguicli imd sbruwd 
obwrroliiMi. Hu diMl ut Dadrn-Badrii on 
SJulylMO. ileEnarrM<d Fruiicen, dauzhler 
of Rngf^r flamill of Itowlh Hall, to. Monlli, 
and left i»iii: ^ilcphi-n lioland. wbn ttuo- 
««!<1hI liit iinclp, IVicr Woulf.', in 1*^5 in 
the p»Iat<? I'f TirTmncliinc : nnd Muri-, who 
moniMl III Ib'li 8ir Juiliti Sbvii. KX'.B. 

(Grot. M.tf. 1810, ii. 610; Burke* L<in<l«l 
GfDln of Irdud. itW, p. IVt , 'llmu. 1(1 
and 13 July IStO; .Shcil* .SkitcIiiH nf tlix Iriah 
Ikr, lUtt, i>. lo;, 110: Tiirrtxs's M«iuo>ra «( 
Ualbouni*. I80U. fp. 118. 113. 4dl ; Offlriil 
Bctarn of Utntinn of Pjfl.] T. S. 

^H' WRANGHAM. niANClSi i:tin-lSl:2), 
^^PMne^ vcbnlar and mincdlnm^iiii* writer, 
^wra on 1 1 Jbmi 1109, wu tlir fiily (on of 
0«a(^ Wmnghaai (17't2 ITDl I. who ooou- 
nM ibefarraof Rniilluirpp, oair Molton in 
Vorfcmhinr, and n-nt-^d tbo moietr uf anothtr 
fana al Tildiwull. near WeiU, Norfolk. 
FrofD 177610 lidOI'raucisalti^udvduuuiill 

VOL. tJCtll. 



Hcbool al WbM Heaterlon. krpt by Stephen 
Tliirlwell, uri);iuBlly a hrickluycr, but ulli- 
nialely licar of ('utliiifrbam, ui-ar Hull. 
For two samniTf hv was with th* Itcv, 
John [tnbiniion al Pickering, nnd be ra«»*d 
tiro rean under iho inUrurtinn of Joarph ' 
Miln^r at Hull (FrnMrr, AJJrr** at Hull, 
lt*3I, p, 41). In Oclobrt 178ft WruiiRhiua 
Tiiatrioulatpd from Uaf^dnti-tiF CclU'^. (.'nui- 
bfidgf, and next vt^iir won >iir ^^'IlIiaul 
Rrowne'a medal fur the bMt (Jreefc and 
l^tin vjugramc. Tbi-y wore printed in July 
1787 in n ainnln octavo ahect. At iho tag- 
jtvition of Joirltll Jowrtt Iq. v.' hl^ mit[ratr<l 
lo Trinity Hall on I« Sov. 1787. nnd on 
A Vre. wai flrctT<d ' Bcholaria di.> ininoti 
fonuu.' IIl- f^railuuled B.A. in I'VI), bi-inij 
tbin] wnui|iifr iu tb-.' uiHthruiulicul tfi|ios, 
AOCoiid Smith's priti'iiinii, and vtrrii'^r chan- 
cel lor'a modal I i*t. In ttin laM corn put i I ion 
lio beat liii friuiid and riral John 'fnoldnll 
[cj. r.j Wmnghiim rrmainod at Ceinbridicn 
lahiu;; pupil", and conKdciitly nntieipniing 
that h« wmild he elected to a frlluwibip iiT. 
Trinilv Hall un ihc tint vncant-v. He prri- 
O'-dnl M.A. on Si Martb K'.tS; in the fol- 
lowing Jiini' he: nlitain«<il fr>mi llie liit'.irx of 
Tnnily llall li'titm Ipslliiioiiiiil tu iti" nreh- 
hiAbopof ^'ork of hi* pood and wiliM'apiory , 
cuoduirl.aiidin Julvhr wnn ordninrd. Next j 
uionlli a divinity frllon-iluii becume vaauit] 
at hiK college, and hi.- applied for it; bill 
aixjtherperwn. nol a luemlwrufthvbnll and 
diMtnnlilled nt- in piis>«>i'Moii uf prt-ri^nnriii of 
looliigh rali]«,wii* nli«tiid to il. 'I'hi* ^ta- 
diiule aftciwardu roiiennl th': frilowihip, 
but, harinit diapo»i!ucd hiniH-If of his pn> 
frruieul. waiBloiu'env^let^ii-il. Wtimghnm 
pelitioned the lord chanoellur llial. in lU'cor- 
diiitfe nith ibe elutuTM i<( [he hull, lie was 
t% n minor Mholafnlitlvd lo the fellowship, 
bur. ihfi tutors cUiint'd ihc rijirlil of rt;iecliii)( 
hiiu IK not 'idtmnus mnriliiisr'r initetiin,' and 
llie lord i^biinrellor iipbidd iJirir vinw (V. 
\'i*KV, juu., Jir/iorli. ii, FlfAt). To injurii 
Wraii^haiu ' reports were circiilnied thni hir 
was a IVif^od lu the Frvuch ivvululion, orm 
who nxiillc^d in tbn murder of the kin;;, and 
that ho WBj a republican.' bul be was in 
mility a moilrnilo whig ((iiiKXIXo, lUmi- 
micfnett, ii. 14 -SI ). Tho probnhK' evplnna- 
lion of thu rejepiion lay in ibn siispiciim 
ibat he was the autlior of thi' wi-ll-knowii 
epiicratu ou Juwelt and bia little jjnrdnii. 

Wmniihiiui ufler this injustxir nbnndonrd 
Trinity llallandbecanii>niuenibm>f Trinity 
Collf^. I>uriDg 17!>4 and 17!)i> he tcritU 
as en rata of the parish ofCvibliaiii in Siim-y. 
nnd in conjnnctioii with llaail .Vonia^iu luuk 

Siupits at iHX)/. per nnmim rach. Sir Jaiu>-« 
iluckiutoih BUid of their lon^prcispiY'Iut: ' \ 

1' 



Wrangham 



M 



Wrangham 



toy tliuK cdiifntwi will be » walking eo- 
tyi'lopitdls.' Al iliU period iu kin Mtv 
Wruti),-li!im wiw u coi»IBnt figim lu ihe 
muBi tiiii-llvci itnl »nmi; of I^ndou. To- 
wur<!« tii<>c!oi«of 17nRh« wuprvCMMd tijr 
}Iiimpltri>y OtbAldmlnn, with *altno*t un- 
siilifiiifiii pntronnjie," to the rrclonr of I!un- 
miiiiliv-wiib-Miiiiioo, anw Fiky, in the 
t'uiT lCi<liii)(Dl' Yurl(«liin>, aniltliruuj;!] his ^l^- 
tumiucuiiutiuii lH!Cumt> vicui of tL« iit^igL- 
buuriug |i»rt»li of Folkiun. Allvr ibu 
Inel'Miini Act ih« living of ntinrosnby was 

.VviiM/y, JnnuMjr 18S4,{i. 6m. A print by 
Hi'ukli uf iu rLurcb niid of llip ncurBj^e- 
liuuiiT, whiL-bwaB much im|>rovi>d by Wrnttf;- 
Imm, uppMira oa t.liu lltlcB uf maiiv of bia 
works, aud in Jobii CoU'V ' Anluiiianan 
Trio' 6T* lines by him on tbp ncsein, bis 
' fHToiifiU CTM at lliinmanby.' He ?n1Ipct«il 
tbiin' a imnnrkabk library, wbioli coiitniiinl 
iu IS23 no fi'wiT rhna fiftpon ihou«nnd 
volunn;s(DiBDis,Zrirnrvf5jwy>iTHi'un,|i. \xi). 
It waa Mid tbat ' Ibi' bixili-sb-.'1ves li-^n at 
llio from door arid runup inWIhi.'fr'irrpI and 
liown to ihrtcollar' (M(iki.bt, ficWnMtWftv*, 
i. 43 i ef. I'liYMi:, lircolhctiuat, pp. 2.18-S>. 

For toaicyi'iini nl't^r Icnrinti llic iinivfrrs i(y 
W'ringhiim comjwlucl for tlio neodrniicn! 
riMnird* Bt Cambridf,-?. He won four linif* 
tbt- Si'otun priiB— in 17(11 wtib a poi-m on 
tht' ' lli-slurutiou of \\i<^ Jpws' (Cikiiibridgi'f 
170^, iritb a declication to Itatil Muutatfii, 
and included in * Miimc Spnloninnn>,' 1808^ ; 
in ISfX) with'Tb.- Holy liond' (Cambriditc, 
1800, mid nI«o in ' Mu«ip Kcnionianir,' 1808) ; 
in 1311 witb ' SuHerings of tbe IVimitiva 
Martym' {Cauilridgi.'. 1812); and in 18lL' 
witJi ' Jun-pb mailo known to Lis bruthrtn' 
(CambriJgn, 181'2). His po^m on ihe ' D«- 
ntnirtiiin of Rnbjlon,' rMncted in liW, was 
printi'd at tbo ^■llnl■*t of ths judgM, RQ'l in- 
chidod iu thi^ 'Miwa: SpHtonjunaj ' of I8(V<. 
Thnl • On tbe Itciloration of (.cnmina In lhr> 
Bait' (I60o), writlt-n for n priw oHVrpd by 
ClauiliuB Buc'btinun [cj. v.], wux bL-aten by a 
iKWui of Cliorles Grant (afltirwiirJB lyird 
Oleuolj!* Jo. T.], hut tbi- iidju (lion tors ahkud 
for it*piililicntion |Nichoi.», Lit. An'-cl. i\. 
IMJ-J'). llpprinlitdin lSO-'i*.\ Dissertation 
on tbn lii^it Mvnm of oiviliiinK tliK Siibjocts 
oftlic Uritisb Empire in India,' nod in ISO? 
' A Sermon on itii' Trnnslatiou of Ihu Scrip- 
tUTM into tbt- Ortt-ntal LaTj^uagcn,' whit^h 
was ptiwrhml bvf'.iri- tbt' uoivi-rsity of Cmn- 
briJg*' ; both work* were coroposcil uiidiT tbi' 
^ytlcni of prizi'ii ritoblinhoiT by Diiobnnan. 
Ilii poi-m ' (In the IVnth of Snitl and Jona- 
tlun wu« published in 181.1. 

WraiigliBui wa» chntilain to thten high 
alieriflsof Yorkslurv. and from 1814 to 1831 



noMtimV 



] wa» namifUM olnpUio 19 VeruoD 

court, iIm arcfabisliop of Yorfc, a pontkol 

' whinb *ociin>il for bim higb prelereitat, 

j Tltn arcbbinhop (who one* i>»(ii*t1ccd to 

I Sydney Smith, ' I enniider Wrangham an 

I oniiinent to my diocear,' with tlie mull 

that for aomc time his rhaplnin retained the 

' BObriquHL of 'OruAmenl Wmnjtbani*) be- 

I Slowed on kim on 'J& June ISM tbe atcli- 

I deaconry ol Cleveland, and allowed liim in 

ib« umc j«ar to oicliAogp tlie living <■'' 

t'olkton for tliat nf Ttiitrpo BiW>MU Thi« 

nrchileaconry hi^ iarrond«r«d on S Oct. ISGIS 

on appointment to tho arcJnkaeonrv of iIm 

East tiidiug. and on 12 Dt>c. 18SS the arch- 

bisbup i^uve him iLu prebendal stall of Am- 

plcfortb in York Catbvdral. Ilia neil act 

was to confer on Wrancbaui on 9 Apiil 

livm bis option of lbs fonrth pmbmd at 

Cheitor Calbcdml, nbirh cnrri«d witli it 

tile right of innlitiition to tbn rectory of 

Dodleston in Ohochire. Wranffham «uei^| 

ceoded to this benefice on S iK-c. ISiTj^ 

whcn-upoii be re*ign^d that of Thoop* Bat- 

^ett in favour or liis ti>u. tTc put up ia 

Podbislnn eboTch a moaQBDMit to 

phftnc*llnr KIIc»inior»i. 

U'mnahnm printed in 1S21. 1822, 
18L'3, the ohnrge» which be bad dclivcrodi 
the clergy of bis arcUdeaconty. They 
tuined some reflections on tli0 unilartBi] 
and produci^d the publication of ' A Ij&Oi 
to \ea. Fmncis Wrangham bv CaptaiL 
Tlionifts Tlinish.* 18S3 ; ■ L<tlt»rs addraiM^^ 
In Itrv. .lameii ItichardiMO on Ardideacon 
WnuiBliam'* Chnrgn, by Captain 'ninn]i,'_ 
182'1; ' Threii Lftterilo Arohdeafqn Wr 
horn by Charles Wellbeloi-ed.' IKja , 
Additional I^tlet^ by C. Wi-IIbrloTe 
1824; and 'Three l#il«fs 10 Mr. We 
beUneti by li.-v, John Oil»p,' If*24. We 
bvlovnd nnd WmnKlinm, though thoolo, 
cal iliiputants, lined to meet w whig! 
jocial lifn. Sydney Smith soid of Ihii w 
troversv : ' If ( bad n caiue to gain I wou 
fee Weil beloved [o plead IbmeiBtidi' 
fee WrangUum to plead asaiBri me.' 
bam was & oDnslOTent advocate dir 
bis lifi> of catholic emancipntion, 
on llinl Hiibieet ktten (o llto clergy i 
arfhdRiicoii'ry nnd to indiridoul prrMHi*,! 
n modernie hiiili-nhurchmitn, ^up(>^ninl^ 
eduiMiion the Bystem of Joiepb l^nrul'f 
(UvKKiox, i'Tu/litA CAurvA, 1800-3S. pp. 27. 
•J3.7. 2CIU). ■ A tall alight man of eiM«d> 
irglv htfnllL- audatlnu'-liT>>manner«' (lliU. 
/iixik •>/ Memurir', p. 17S), and n-velling ia 
Hocietij, he longpr than any man knl up 
'th» elegant tMtta of vontb nnd c(ilW)t« 
(Sprttatar, 19 Feb. 18»t). For a few ytan 
bt'foro his death he wa< alighlly par«ly*d. 





Wrangham 



67 



Wrangham 



He died M C%ea«r on 27 Dec 1843, v*A 4 
UfclM tobts mr-iunr^ wui>Imv<3 in tli«<iitlic- 
dnl. An raifniTing bv It. Ilicki nf liii por- 
toil by ,1. Juiksan, IlA., » in JcnLin'it 
•K»li(^iiol rortmit lUllerjr ■ (vi!. i_) TliTrt- 
U »noilior print of Lim, jtouibl}' a privuto 
plotr.wiihout utiBi'* tiBJM); aaila iDiniatiuv 
•t Trinity CoU<f;e, C«8ibriiJc«. 

Wrangfaaot niarried at Ttridlin^ton, on 
7 April 171)9, Agat*, fifkb dao^btnr of 
Coloiiel lUlph Cmyko af Muton in York* 
Am. t^be (lied in cliildbvd tm 9 Slorch 
ISIX^ aficfl :!1 : but bcr daDglitta-, Ajcum 
Fnnoes Evi-iiMu, aunivis), aail on 10 Jane 
183JtiwmedRob*rtlM«cWilborforcetq.T.j, 
«bo fUGC«ed«d her fatliw m arcbdcMcun of 
Um Eaat lUding. Wrtngham mnrried, n> 
condiT, ai Itnunpton, near ScarboroaKb, in 
1801 ,^><»nthT, KHond d«uf[hti>T and rohcirnui 
of Itrr. Ui^bj Cayk-y of Vorhtibirc, wbo 
bnugbt bim '« ncai 700/. a year.' She bad 
■MDu tiro (onii anil tbn-i.- iMugbten- Th« 
eldwt daBi;liI«r,l'bil*r]rI|>biu Fnnrw 1>lb(^r, . 
marriix) Kclwtril William TiRriiard [q. r.j 
Th« thin), Ijicy Charloltr, vai. thn wile of 1 
Henry lUikoi of Unyiii^in, Flint, nnd 
notbcr of Henry Cecil Itaiku [a. v.] Tlie 
Meondaoo, DiflbrC«yli>v Wrantibam(IBO^ 
1863), RtBduaieii B.A- witb a double flret- 
eloaa IfiHU BraMDoae (7oll«(ce, Oifonl, in 
18^6, and, aft4Tleaviiif!0sf<ird,waa for uimfi 
jwm |iriTaio afcrotnry lo l.rird Ahi'nIiTn in 
tho fuwijpi oflic«. ('nlltnl to tile liar from 
firay*» Inn in IM!, hi? was dvuti-d ijueeirB 
•ctjcant in 1^17. and bci'iuD<? fiitb<~r itt vha 
parliamentary ti*r(w« VVnuo, l!taud lOMarvb 

lesa, and Grnf. ,\tf,y. ]86», i. :ai). 

Wrangham. vlio was eU<c1«d F.lt.S. on 
IS Nov. I ''(M, w»» a, mpnibw of thn Rnnno* 
Vynn nnd ltoxburf[1io dubs, nditiiiK in 1825 
loribrlaltiTbodyllnnr^-OtiltlinKliam'ii'CJivr* 
fUn riot, an allrftoricn,! poi-m.' llin vtarki 
eoniprised. in addilioii to tbow uln-udy meu- 
tioaed. and in adiiitiuu lu many singjle 
•ermons ami fug^itive p(*<«s: 1, ' IC^finnn: a 
faro* ■aodi'miwd fViKn Arialopbanf*. Itr 
8. Footo, jun.' [i.«. WranfUm], 1732. 
S. ' I'wnii,' 179>'>. It Rontaini moat of bis 

E'pCMi to daif, inctitdiiifr 'Ad Bnintouam o 
ranta rxilumm, iii. CbI. Oct. MWCSc.' 
Tb« £u£liab liuM (pp. 79-83) nw by S. T. 
Oilleriilg*^ aiid (lio iruoBlalion (pc. tbO-Il) 
of Wrudiam'* Fivnch flanUM in iiy Watif- 
worth. noma copina of thi> vnluinii MH^m 
to hare bmn drcnlatird in 180.'}; it ii nolicrd 
in thr ' Monllily llevicw ' for Jantinry 1N)1 
l^'2 3\. ^V*ardiwortb tent bini fnim 
Jonn in Donet, in NuTuiuber 17^. 
certain imitatidns of JuT«oal, and they 
iboa^bt of publisliiug a joiai T>oliim« of 
nlincal pi«C«« (Kxiour, Li/t ^ Word*- 



vorth,\. 106). 3, •Tltirtwn Prnctieal Sm^ 
mon<, founttnl npon I}ii(ldrid;ii>'* " lt«li;poaj 
intbef*ooI,"!«W:^Bdc«lil.lSOl'. 4.' 
giBnut," Siau«l*X..'lJiO0i' M^Stro. 6.'1 
raising of Jainu*H daugbler. witb ifanrt 
inoir of Caroline- Symmovia,' lt<OI. 6. 
V'olnnii-ftr ^'ng,' &c., 1805. BSeien pi« 
in all, including ' Trafalnr, a song,' wliioh' 
wan iuunl sRpnratpIv in tbat yi-nr. 7. ' Plil- 
taiobV l.ivc*, trannlatnl by John and Wil- 
liam Lanf^omR. Kdiird by Wrangbam. 
18U8; 4lb edit, under bii cditurabtp, 1E~ 
{XaUt and Qvemt, •Jib ear. Lii. 4W, 4KI),1 
8. 'A Wurd foe Ilumaaily' [1810], ».i" 
0. ■ IVatb of Saul and Jonathan : a Piwm,^ 
181S. 10. ' I'omni* [.-tna ISUl; tbinyHie' 
coptu* only printi'd. II. ' Vii)[irii ftncolica.*' 
trandalRd, iei&, fiftv cojiim only. Ilia 
Iranslutiun, revidi-daiKimrrrcfrd. is Includcal 1 
in Viilpj'[.'yBUiily Clu»8ii-»l Libniry' (1830) 
Couiiit;l'.>n uiyg: ' Ili« linca arv etcgaiit. but 
•nincisl nuA iniolved ; ibey alion llip inan 
of la«tf. not (ho gwnnini> poet" (.WinyV/. 
Writinsf, i. 166). U'. -Tbfl Hriurti Plu- 
tarch,' ntw edit, rcarmngrd, 1810:, B toIm.; 
tbcBel at tbaBritiabSIujiouiucontaininiany 
manuacript adililiuiis and formations by 
Wmjigbum. 1:{. ' Si'rupn,' l$ll\ liflycupipa; 
he wastiait.'liiiA»i>il«din thistiudutlier worha 
by CbnrW Svmnii>iit ij.v.] ; it contained a 
•ipirilcd Irnniliiliiin (it'^.Mitton*«'S<«ond l)e- 
fcnri!,' vrhicb «iu alio iiancd in a st^oiiilo 
form. 14. '^i-Tmona, DiMcrlattona, and 
TrauaLatiouB,' ISlti, 3 toIb. It eoiilaiiied 
mwt of lii* wriliuj^ to duCv, 11<1C ; preHxed 
■oaiiriiit of him. lA. • \ fi'wSoiineta [forty 
in all] fmm I^Mnvcb. Iioliaaand Eitgli-hV 
Ijmi rriory Prtaw, 1817; Mffned ' F. W.' 
la. ' Fvidonma of t^irihtianily /abridged from 
IJoddridap, ISJO; tiftTcoiiiirn. 17. 'Apology 
for the Bible,' abridffrd from Kinhop Wnt- 
aou.lt'^Ui fifty copieM. I(<. ' IVincipaljiartR 
oFBikhop Buller'8 Analoiry.' ubrid)^, IlCfO; 
Bfly copies- 19. 'Internal KvidrnteortThns- 
tianily," abridged from Paley and 8onoie 
Jnnynn, I8:?0; fifiy cnpic^. ^, ' luvinrd 
Wiln<^.-u to j.'hrlirtiaiiity,' nbridK^d from 
Watts, \><i(i; iifty copiM'. 21. • ItnUons of 
tlir Christ iau'ullopt'i'abridtn^d from Ix-lnnd, 
1830; cnyi-i^ie*. I'l". '.Short iind i'ii*y Mu- 
ibod vrith ili<i Di^istM.' abridjred frunt L<»Ii«, 
1820, fifty rnpips. 'fhi* had pravioualy »p- 
jMiarcd nl ^'ork in Iri^S. Th'*>' wveu aMidg- 
mcnli weru- nUo indudi'<l in 'Tlie Pleiad,' 
1820(only lia-enly-BTcpi^rfucl TOpii'*),and in 
'Connlnblf's SliaCfllniiy.' vol. sivi. (1828). 
By l^l'O' twelve editions of ton tboiiiuLnd 
Cupieft^Hch'liS'I been cifvuUtvd. liS.'Sncci- 
iuen« of a V^r»ioii of lluracVs lint (our &iok* 
of Odef,' 1820; fifty copiea. It Qunlainud 
the irlide of the lliinl book. H. ' l.yrica of 

r2 



Wrangham 



68 



Wratislaw 




Ilon», buinfc tlir fntt [our BuokR of Iiis 
OJe*,' IMI ; Slid rdil. ii,d. 3-".. ■ Works of 
Rev. Tbo[ua) Ziiiich, «ilU M-^nioir,' 1820. 
S rolx. : four cnpict onlj'. Aliin [irinlcd Ibr 
ule io l^^^O in 2 voU. The memoir wiu 
iMuad xDnnrnWilr. Iv U. Clarke JMiiud in 
11*20 -A IjoIIit'io Wmngbnin [fifty copi«s 
only^ oil fiir (Ji-orge WLelur' fu. v.] It i« 
incIuJed m Zoiitti's ' Work*' »n« in Otlcr'n 
• Lifc of Clurki'." iaH ui3ii. Ap|>. pp. 387-32. 
28,' HuitJ*eJWTlliibi"'(inon.ll&!l. 2",'SMr- 
boroiiKh Cnctio: R iWm/lSaa. 28. 'Ser* 
turn (Sintnbrigiisiiw, or llie Caialiridp? C)*r- 
Inod." I»:i I. Sltniod ■ F. W.' ;iy. ' Tli.i Sftvinp. 
Buik,iiiiwol)ialo},'UL's'[IB^'!>^] 30. 'Bmni 
Woltoni ill Ifiblin pohgloTla prntngnmnna 
•pwialia,* 1827-8. 2 vol*. 31. ■ IVvnhir, or 
Smgs on ItulTTHii^,' byT. II. Hovlir, ot- 
l«4npt.^ in Latin rliymo. 1828. 8i|fn<^il 
' I". \\'.' It in vnwion of 'I'd hv e. bult.L'rIly' 
WM much quoted in 1828, and wbs ineliid(><l, 
with otbtT |)i('cn \>y him, in clii< flnt. oditjoii 
of Ibi! ' Arundiueu L'auii ' ( X"Ui and Qtierii-t, 
iM Bar. li. 301. 186). 32. • l-ini-* by Wriinct- 
liam, iwcred m memoni- of K. W. Unrnnrd.' 
Iiimed iiH.i I.Btin by H. <J. KnwrtMt. 182>*, 
M'nnglinm cdili-d Unrnnrd's ' Fifty 9»l(Wl 
I'Octni nf Alrirc-Anlouii) I'Luiuinio iiaiUt^.' 
182S». 3.1. 'Tli^- linndniiii-dp'l'Vaet'ranotu]. 
Chi'jiter[IS2»:'l, :;(.■ IIonii'rio«,'l«34,tmn«. 
lution of'OdyBBpy 'v.ftiid' Hind'iii. Xl.' Kpi- 
ibainmia Iriu Mitmnn,' lS:t7 : iriiiiiilnlidn of 
thre*? t^pilbnlnniiR on Mory (JiUH'n of Scot*. 
.'16. 'A fnw ICpigrnmn ntiemptcd iii Luliii 
Tm mint inns,' 11 Jan. 1812. 

WrnnRlinm nupLTinttMidml the paiuing 
tUrouftb tbcjirpss of K. l). Clurko'* 'Tunr 
ihroufjh Ibc Suiitb of Kiiglnnd' (1792), nnd 
ho edited 'The SoIiHit'ii Mnnunl' of .1. F. 
NfTJIle (1^13) nnd thn '('■rtninii Qimdrit- 
Efsimnlin' (1820) of Arrbbislioj) MurkLnui. 
Hn pontribiitf'd to llm ' (k-atlt'iuanV .Mags- 
xini',' ' BUckwood'a Ma^ajine,' " Lifprnry 
Ani-cdoli-'s' of Joliu Niclw!«, vi>!. ix., lo 
aevt'ral ivurkt of John Coin [fj. v.J of Hpnr- 
boraii|;Ii, Hud to thn * ('la.-oicul Journal.' 
Uudef the "iltnnhipn of ' Sciolua' he si^nt tu 
tbn 'York itc-ndd' ubouC l><lu a kltii^s of 
articlei p.nlillrd 'Tbp Snialteri-r.'corilatiiing 
poomi by himiulf and otli<?ri(. Pieces by 
Wnumhiim ari.- in .Miiirht.-Bd'« collnction of 
cpiirrauui on Cli«uli>iv'» ' VVondrj>ck«,' Wal- 
ton a* ComiiletL' Aojrfi'f'iiid. Nirolnwl, vol. i. 
p, cxxxvi, Janios Rnilcy* ' Clornicorum Unc- 
Corum frtgmtinln,' (ioof^p I'tvuiu's ' IWol- 
. Isctioiv,' p. 40fi,nnd in tlii- ■ Life- of Milton' 
i Ito CtiftrlcK Sj-nimoci. Ilia Latin renderiiiK 
01 Urydjtci'a liimuus itounet oti ' I'icbo snil 
SUencv' la in tbu ' Auglo-ti<>iievan (/riticnl 
JaurnaL' ii. 330, and in Maclino'x ' I'ortrnit 
CaUery' («d. 1891), pp. 322-3. Ilia rendcr- 




inir of Dnnuu'a latc^ ppitaplut al 8L I'hura 
is rcprcKluct^d fri>m Zuacha i^ilion of Uaak 
Walton's' Livoa' in Mr. Kduuiid GomvV lir« 
of tlie dean (ii, 3S2|. Many wofka n-cre dpdi- 
cal<'d to Wrftiijjltnin. amniiif ibcm bHog tli* 
• Dpsiiltorin'of Itrydfr^*, I'nckctt'* ' IVidlin^ 
ton Priory t'hurch.'ond PouIihjb'» ' BcT^rlac' 
Lcllnrs from ^Vrangbaiu an- in L«isli 
Iluut'n * OtirKspDndenctf.' i. 44-r>; Mt^ Mil- 
ford's ' Friyndebipa,' i. l!M-&: Bvron'* • I.et- 
t*r*'(18ft9),iii,S7-ft; and in P«tt'» • Wodrks,' 
vii, 3(7-0. l.«tt<>rB fnim Wcwdiworlh to 
him nrw in KDijthl'n 'Ijfe of Wonliworlh' 
(i. 10H, ii. .S77-S2, ill 24ri), nnd in Kui^t'a 
i-ditionof fhni poi-l'a'rorkati.lJSa-tl), Many 
Tolumn at llic: llriti!<b Museum havu oOtM 
and udditiuus by biu>. Part of hia lihntry 
wa* d«eribed by Jolin Coin in ' A Biblio- 
inupbitfil and IKtucriptivo Tour from Sr«[^ 
borough' (1S21>, and lln- wholu [Cn;t'>ali 
colliipfion wan mtnloituc^d by bimiwlf in n 
ro1urac,ofwliii!bsi-rt:ntycapi09 in-reprinted 
at Mntlon in l82<i for bi* frieoda, II wu 
fold at London in 1843, iho «sli> takiDE 
Iwenry davt; but W bad j^ivoa in t$42, 
atiorlly b>'(on> liia di>alh, bi* colliMition of 

Cnmphlcti, about ton thoumnd in number, 
ound in l)9tS voluwr*, to Trinity Cullegc, 
Combridiiv. Tlipy ari- of a most miacel- 
laufuus cbani:^lfr, and lbi^r<9 i§ a manoMiripI 
cataloifiii.' of Ibi'ir eonti'ntJt. 

In \>yi'i WraoKliani foiindml, with a xit 
of }00l,, a priap M Trinity tSoll*^!-, «ych 
wo* nngmfnTcd in IH49 br nn addition of 
blhl. from tile Hi-v. I'utcT i/figh- X minia- 
ture portrait of Wnusbain is in th« HmaU 
uombmatioii mum. and a lai^ collection of 
bii works, includiujc tvreral miHUods not in 
llieBritiub MuMuin.is in t ho Trinity Coll«g» 
library. 

[dvM. M<g. ITBD i. 3lA. ISO ii- TBI. ISII 
i. iSa.'i: Miinuvript Antsbiogr. in etipy of 
'SkrU'honof Yiirlutlii n^ Rioitfflpby ' (f roni Zixieti'l 
works) nt Ilritiuli Muvrum ; Jndan'x NMioasl 
r.inrail (inllery, vul. i. t Ko»'« Oleturitics of 
WoKU. [>)i. IK.ei; Le Nora'i FaMi, iii. 144, 
110, 170.373^ IIiMitir'a PamlliM (Hull. Su(.; 
iii. 9AI; BurWi Canimancn. IS35, ii. 3IUIS£ 
Ottori F_ D. Clurks, let edit. pp. 87, ti»V 
Yiirk'liirxUsiiiiiiloKiiit, Jananry lB9S(by Ucorgo 
Wrungbntn Hardr); Uuuniug'i RaminiamieM. 
ii. H-ST; Dibdin". Lilorary Ule. i. IXMI; 
30-2-0 ; HnlkntI anil Lainjt'i .\niin. Lit. ii. SlTi 
iii. 18"S~r, SOjiS; iiifiiriii*lion from W. AHi* 
Wright, rsi,, of Triiiily CuUpku, r;imbriil|f, 
and C. K. ». Hradlnni of Trinity Ilall. Cam- 
bri.lg«.] w. r. a 

WRATISLAW, AI.HKKT HENR 

(1822-1892), Slavonic M:hoInr. of CteA 
deraent, thn inuiidaon of an cuiigT& of 1790. 
and ami of M'illinui Ferdinajid, 'Count' 






J 




Wratislaw 



69 



Wraxall 



WratltlBw Ton Mtlro-iiU (1788-1*58), B 
■olii'itor oS Ri^j, br hiii wifp, Charlotio 
Annn (■/. 1863), wnx liom at Itufchr on 
6 Kov, 181'2. lie Miier«x! Uu^l>y Sdiool, 
ag«d W-'vui.onO Nov. \S'>9{llri/uter,i. lOi), 
■ail nalncuUtixl at Cunbriilgf I'roni rriaitj 
Collt^ to Itm), but nii;criil<^(l to Clirivr*, 
wber«h« WM .-vdiaiu^l SH Aiiril 1842; li« 
imduiUed B^. ■* tbiril cIsmic nnd twvnl.y- 
tif(h (cniof oMimir in 1814. Ilnvinjt id 
Ihc meoniJUK! Wn nppointcd fbUow (1844 
tMiS) anil tutor ufbucotlejte, be commcncctl 
M.A. in IM', and ne»t year, in collabora- 
tion witb Dr. diarlnt Anlliuny Swaiiisuu 
fq.T.], piibIis)>«>d'I<oci C<>muiuu«i'. Couimou 
I'lacf*. Iliirinii the lonf vacation of 1840 
be Ttiitrd Itohrmiii, (iiiifii^l ilm Cxncti Inn- 
fpiitafi in I'mgUf, and in the uimo niitiimn 
pabVished 01 Lotiiion • Lvra Ordio S!o- 
nnika,' or Bvhi^miau jHwm.i, nnc^ti.-nt and 
inoil«Ta, Iranalalvd fnnn ibf uriginul Sln- 
*t)aWi with aB intrDiJiii'luTjr rt-jinv, ubicb bf 
dedicate 10 Count VHl^nin Kneiiif-ki, us 
• fmm n dc»o«ricinnt of n kindi>id rsw.' 

In AufTUti I8.'i0 Wrntitlaw van njipoinCod 
beadnwitrr of l-VUti^d achool, hia bninK thn 
bat appoint iDL-Qt mndu bTthKrcpraMntatiTrii 
of llie foundfT, Kioliard TUch, baron Iticb 
[q. v.] Daring tbi? latt IwvotV'fuur jears. 
vatdtr Thomas Snrriil^, tbe' iK-boul bail 
gnatlj dnclinnd in number*. WrntisUw 
eonimFn«cd tritb tirpnlr-two bovi, and tlii? 
wviralof IhomJiool wn* by him iiinuanrnltMl. 
UnfiHtuDatflvUi.- found tbi-dimalccif KoUtod 
looUva]iforhimiandinl8o&heiiii|[nitcd,n'ith 
« nuoaber of hut tVUiud popils, tu Bury St. 
F>liiiun(l'*,tob«coiuobeudma«l«rorKinK Ed- 
ward Vl't grammar «clio»l lin-ff. Al Bury 
■lao lis {TTeallT raiitnl iho numb»r« of the 
Mhool, wbidi ihi- 'Book of Juhpr'nf bifl 
flcdcveaaor. Dr. John William Dnnnldson 
ng* ▼•]■ <• aaid to liavD hulpt'd 10 trmpty. 
lhlTiiigtlieln't.'nty jeors ibal fuUuw<^d bina))- 
poiaUiMinl HI FVl't^8ohola«(ic.'n'urkt<)ijkup 
n^artjr all Wratiilaw'a liaii^. Hi' publisbpJ 
■rveral tvxtit and fchnol book*, but found it 
dilBcult to kci-n nn bin Holirmian studicji, 
ibaughbuiBfuiil inlSoS 'TliPlVuwn'n Court 
Hauiiaoripl, witb otliur andi-nt BoliMninn 
Poetn*,' truulatnl from tbe oriKioal ^luvonic 
into EnfUib vtne, tnu«llir iu ballad mi-tre. 
Tho ponma thai renderf'd had boHudiacuveriHl 
In iianka in tlm loHcr of a cliurcb at Ko- 
Btpsbof in 1817. Kxporta HMi^od the date 
lAOtoUieeatled^on. which pmvml of K^tat 
ralufl both inlrinaicnJIy and on oociomit of 
ibe im|>iil«v which it j[«vb to tho revival of 
Ctoch national lituraturu (seu Sotet and 
<^rit», 2nd wr. i. V,6, <KH>). Ten yean. 
•la|Md botwnnn thU publication and that of 
Um moM inicrpiiling ' Adi«nluiv8 of Daron 



Wiuicaalu Wrslitlnw r.f Mitrowiu. What 
b« aair in ihn Tiirkiih .MrtroprOia . . . «xp«- 
lienecd in hia raptiTiiy, and, afli^ hi* liappy 
rclum to bin coiintri', piiniinitlPii to writing 
in IfiDU^'lbiB vat litfnilly iranilatcd fmi» 
tlie Bohctuiau work brst publifbird from the 
oi^Ktnal aanuacri^l by IVlwl in )77T, and 

Creraoed by a brief »k<>lch of Bohemian 
iatory. It was folio w<'d in l''Tl bjKTer*ii>u 
from tha Slavonic of tha ' lliary of nn Km- 
boHV from King (ioorif! of tkihcmin In King 
Louu XI of Kmnci'.' Tiro vt-nm luior, an 
thr riwult of much labour. Wralinluw pri>- 
d'iced thir ' Life, LefpMi'], uud L'anotiiiatiou 
of Si. John NegH.iiniioeii, I'utnin Saint ani] 
l*roteclor of the Ordir of the Jomiite,* being 
a m«t damaging intottigntinTi nf tin* myth 
contrivfid b; th« jotaiti in 17^0. Among 
UieimnlliimupofadioUriin Mngtand taking 
an inl«r»t in SIuTonio literature W'mtiii- 
law's nspulatiun was now eatablished. and 
in April l&7i he waa called npon to delirer 
fiinr lectures upon bis snbjcct at the Tay- 
lorinn Tn^tirntion in nifonl, iinib'r lh» II- 
cbivtirT foundation. Thc"i' wrrci ptibli»b(id 
Bt Ijondon nc?xt ynar ai ' The Nativn Litrra- 
tun- of Bcih<'niiB in ibf rourti-cntU C'lmlurj.' 
In 187tt bv n?sL(rned hia headmanterabiji at 
Bury St. Rdiuund's, and was appoint»<J tu 
the college living of Manorbi^r in Pembrobe-j 
)lhi^■. Tlirm b« wroM lii* excclbnt skijitch 
I 'John Iliiu, t!iR(Nnnmc«iCflment of Bntist^] 
aot'o lo I'npAl .\ulhcirity on thu part of t,h 
Infi-rior L'lrrpy' ( I^ndon, \>^'' 8vo, in thai 
'Home Libmry'). biUed mainly upon the! 
exhaustive rew-arubc^of PaUck;! und To(U(>k. 
His lojil n'urk was a charming collection of 
'Sixty I'olk-Tales from exrliisivcly Slavonic 
lonrctts,' tranilatfid into Kngliib proac, witb 
inIro<iii(!tion and notra ( I^ondon, ic^fi). Tho 
htori™ wptw tnkpn from ICrben* 'Citnaka,' , 
\Kti'>, nnd ib<? ndmilled mi^rit of tbr T(.Ti<ioit 
shows that ^Vmtiirlaw hud a couiiidtirabia 
kniiuli'dgeof the various Slavonic laaguagfik ] 
illiislrateii by the originnln. lie gave up 
bin brini'Iice, owing mainly to failing eight, 
in 18|iJi). and rrlirixl to Soiilhucii. Ho dind 
Ihpre ot UmjJhwnitc, .illinmbni Hoad, 011 
3 Nov. I8i)a,a(fcd Ti:'. He married on 28 Dep. 
18Ji3, at High Wyconilw, France* Oertrudu, 
«m-ond daiiL'hter of the Hev. Joseph Charlea 
Ileltu ('/. 1«44). 
[.\iiienniiim. U Ko». 1862 : Timni, A Not.. 

and {iuAnliiin. 9 Nut. 1S92: I.Unrd'* tlraduati 
Conliibr. i tiireimuni's Fi'l«trd S.'hoiil. ICSD, p. 
31.1 T. S. 

WRAXALL. SiK FRHUKIUO 

ClIAKLES LASCEIXES. third Urontt 

( 1828- 18I5G), luinctdlaneoiifl writer, bom at 
Boolof-ne in l8'J8, was tb« eldett son of 
VhatUt Edvrard Wnuall Ci;92-18&4), lieu- 



Wraxall 



70 



Wraxall 




lenADt rojal BriillFTr, hy Kllcn Ot^li*, ' lime (iii.'^-^3-3) the l«4li-rpralM>lin; her in- 



nOMDM-, irhicb the ouncn wroir iii«t bftfbrs 
h«T€i<al1t to h«r brorhrr Cipnjvc HI or Eng- 
land, ilo obtained (lirou(^ tlte Ltu^hcu of 
AujfUBlvnburg n copy uf tlip origiiuil id Ihe 
IlanorFriui aruhivM, and throui;h Sir An- 
gunius Paeet waaaSurdedsccMsiotbeprirj 
areliiTiM orCopHihi^n. Ih alio oMd tb* 
priTntclyprintwi'Hcmnini'oflhcI^ndpaTi" 
Chnrli-* of Ilr-iir^'nivl (bnithcr-in-law of 
Chnrtiiin VII of IJcnmiitlcl, tbc ' Mcmoin'^H 
of Hvvcr.iit (sKcrvtan- to (.'tirMtian), and lb4 ^^t 
ririvMlL-jouniaUof SirN. W. Wraxall. Tli« ^* 
EuRlishfotvi^offiN rriruiDeii cIo«m1 tohtm. 

Wraiall died at Vieonaoa IL Juih tB6A.^_ 
He Dianriod, in lAOS, Mmt Aan*. daughtOP^^ 
flf J. Herring, iw. Sha died without Uranon^H 
27 Nov. ISS^S. TliebtraDclCTtxisitKl niccc*- 
livcly to W'miiiir* yonnnnr brotliera, Sir 1 
tlit^ .Seal »r War iu t)i« Nortli,' Homtio Hfnr>- K lt*6S) and Sir MortUtaS 

_,:.,_ ,.... 1- >:b,i,^,.i WiMnll (h. !8S4), the preMolH 

baronet (1800). ^ 

Wraxall published («T«Tiii entertaining 
nnrel*. Thtv induilf: I. 'WildOnia: 



dangbler of Jr-liii Mudden of lEieliinond, 
Snrrey. iliaRnintlfalliiT wo« Sir Nn'hanicl 
Wmxnll [(J.T.", KrwrniHllIcntrdal Sfirews- 
burf (ihT«hc."'riii Drill? itcliolar), andmutri- 
milnlHl from St. Mnrr Ilall, Oxford, 00 
211 May l!*JV,but li-ft tliniiiiveraily vrithout 
gnduatiiig. In Mar ts<i:i li-> aiicreeilcij tiii 
uiwie. Sir Willium l^srelli'S Wraxall, na 
third biiTonct. 

FfoTu 1S46 he spent tho pn-ntsr part of 
hixlifROii thecontiiK-ni. In li^i'i \ii- ^frwii 
for nine n>atilli« at Kerlrli in ibv CVImea ns 
tinl-cb'*9 aifeiilaiil e'.iiumii'tflry, wiili iho 
rank of euftain, in tin.- Tmkivh rnnlingi-nt. 
Hi* ♦'ipi'fietire* diirinp lliia period nrs em- 
bodied in his ■ Cnmp Life; I'nMnff™ (mm 
thnStoryof nConlin^ent/piiblUhediri 1800. 
Bofom Koinjc 10 ilie (.'rimcn lie Lad iMiied 
* A ViBit to I 

It brocbure which purported to bo o tmnslft 
tiou froDi tln-Gerjii.-iii.but w«4 probably ori- 
giuiil, Tliri)ii(;l)oiil life Wmxnll continued 
to inlnnvl. himnrtf in mitiinrv matters. In 
ISftU Im iatiicMl 'A lUndbooV to the Naval 
and Uilitnry Ifpiwurei'i of Eurivpeaii Na- 
tion*;' in I'WH ' The Armi'.ii uf tliK Orvst 
Powers;' and in lt:it>la volume culled ' Mili- 
tary Skelclies,' wliieL was chieflT ronnfmod 
■wiib the I'rench nrmy nnd its Wdent, but 
had sbn chapters on the Aimtrinn nrmy, tUe 
Briti«himldier,Bnd''rheL'hnnei!Jofluva»ii)u.' 
In IRTiR ho eondiicted the ' Nnral aud 
JJilitarr <iax<!t.t.e,' and from JnnLiarv 1^X)I0 
March 'lUOl 'TbaWeUoiue Guest';' and he 
aetit frequent funtri bill ions li> the '81. Jama 
Ma^zine ' and other pFriodiraiU. In 1660 
he edited for private eirciilnlinn tha I'cnJnn 
and Indian di'«pnl^hi-« of Sir James Uutiam 
fq. v.l He wn» well viTiied in modeni kintory, 
inoru part ic II lorly that i.if France aiidfiennany 
during lLel»!-t Iwiieenliiri^i. His'Mpmoin" 
of l^ue^ii IKtrlensf,' written in poll nbornl ion 
with Roh'rt. Wehran ( ISfil, '2 voU. 8vo ; n?- 
HMOd in l(Wl ), is littU^ more Ibnn a eoin- 
pilation of KOsKip : but ' Histuric Ilyenay,' 
two volumes ofetMHi'ii repniiled fruiu [leriodi- 
cnl8,ahowsexteriBivereadin|j, Hesidef fit.her 
atoriet of German, Frfncb, and Knsi^inn bi*- 
tOTj is ■ Mr. Onrlyle's latent IVt,' n hoitile 
criticism of thti eharncler* drawn by lliut 
biilorinn of Ftvderirli Willinm 1. bii-^-d u[iou 
the recently piiblithed ' AuH vitT Jahrliiii)- 
deiteu" of Knrl von Wybrr. 

WmxBli'H mo«t luipiirtsnl bi^toriral worli 
^H waa'Tli«LifeanJTiitietnf(Titrnline_Mnti!dn, 
^H. QtieetiofltiinmarbBndXorwny.'IWOl.avolH. 
^^" Bvo. He claimed In have »hown by original 
f ra«FBTcli the worllilef.iiiejs of thr^ evidence 

^^ on which the queen win ditorcpd after the 
^B Strucnsec affair, and published for the fit«t 



Talc," 1868, l2mo; IsaS; 8to. 2. Mhilya 
Wom«ii,'lWIO,!*vo; IMII.Hto. S.'TlicFifo 
and Uruin. or WoilM be a Soldier," IS6tf,8to. 
'1. ' Married in Hante: a Stotr of ErKirdar 
Life,' 1868, 2 vols. 6vo. fi. • Tbo Black Faa- 
ther.or a Roy's AdwTitnivanmoiig the Rod- 
skins,' imS, Svo; Ikwton, IS&i, IGtM. 
». 'Tb# Hackwoodiman ' (illuitniled), lS6t, 
t«vo; 1871, 8ru. 7. 'Ooldeii lluir: aTaleoC'S 
lhei'ilgTiuiFathera'(ilIu»1nktcd), l)<tvl,8T0.^| 
8.* Mercedes,' a rumantvof the Mexican war, 
1860, S vols. 9. 'Fides, or the IWuty of 
MByoaDe'(adapt<JrrDm thoCJennaD), IdBS, 
Srola. 

Ho was axthor also of * Itcmapkabl« Ad- 
Tentiin.-i nnd L'nrrvealed Mjaleriea,' 180S, 
2 vols. Svo, containing arliclen on Strueowe, 
Kiiiii|»mark, IVAcon.CBKliostro, Cloolt, aod 
other adveotiirars ; of ' Criminal Cvlebritiesj 
a collection of Memorable Trials," Ix'-l.^roj] 
and ' llin Second I'mpire as exhibiird in 
FrencJi Utemture," 1W2 B3, 2 voU. Svoj 
ISUf). In 1WJ2 he mode the authorised Kb 
lish tranalatiun of Victor Uugo's 
Mib^nkbles.' the V(<rsiun being rwiMiled 
l^M and 1879. Mnnv other translation 
from both the Frenrh and Uerman 
from liis pen. A poclbumous volume, col* 
lected from majtatinen, eniitlvd ' ScrsM and 
SketclieagBtheredtogi-tber/appeamlinP'' ' 
tcuiber I8IU. 

(Durko'i Pcnaftonnd Baroaataita ; Mvnofthe 
Titiitr, 1862; Fnsivr'sAliiinni Oaou. ITli.lSgtf;! 
Tiint't. 17 JunF IS6S; Aihcoaiun, IT JaaalBU; 
III. Lend N^tri^ai JunelMt-t; Alii bona'* Diet. 
Ensl. Lit.; Wair(ird'sCOBni>FaBilli««; We 
In lIHt, Mo*.] U. Li O. K. 




Wraxall 



71 



Wraxall 



I 



WRAXAU,, Stii NATIIA.VIRI, WU, 

LEA.M tl7'<l-la31>, hiironiil, niithoraf hi»- 

torirnl icpmtiir*, C4ilT «011 of Nalhaniel 

WraMll ^l:u'.VlT8l),'u•ho maTrind iu 17111 

Amur (1/. laOOi, daugbtiT of \V'illincn Thorn* 

faill of Brixlul. aiul (^nil-niuiv uf Sir Jhhivh 

. T1i<>niLill [ij. v.], wft» bum iufJuiM'u'sSijLiHnr, 

|Srigil>4, oa d Afrril 1T'>l,*tiil 'via* H'hictttvil 

'In hi* n«iir<i div.' Hit jtrniidfitTlii'r, Xa- 

ibimifl] Wrtxall (l087-l*31 1. mrrnlioiiT., im* 

■hcriir of ISriitol n tbon while previous lo 

llix death, which tiv/k placi; on I'l Slttivll 

1731 (OcHt.Maa. 17SI, p. iL'.j). Thi- hirtu- 

ItiAli aubniiuiirull}' t'lainitd lo !»• a ivprvBi-ii- 

f«iirv of tlio «ueii:'ni fdruilv which derived 

iu nuito from tlm i»ri«h of Wrnxill, tiii 

milR* wml of Itmlol, but tliii ironiii'ctinii il 

would be inipo«ibl« lo trace (Ooi.Lt.itux, 

<SiM)(r*rf, iii. IBO). 

NalhaiiKl, wbOM Ivra uf travi-1 was pt^r* 
»isti^al ffim flu Mtlf ag»,wtnt uui Iu Bom- 
bay in 170£l, kaviiiK oblnln^i] viiiployui'^cil in 
ihn civil »TTTici! ol thi^ KnM. lii'lia CVimphnj', 
and bo vaA nppninii-d ju>]gr-nd\nrnlr and 
parpDiMor of tt-v forcr* in ihv (iuEiirat I'X- 
pcoition, and thiti njtsiiint Itarochi.' in 1771. 
U« left tlie wrvic<.' uf ihc East Indiu C'oiU' 

a in 17* if, and, huviiiA rulurnvd Iu T.vg- 
. Tisil^d Porti^sl and then thr n'>[thrrti 
covtts of EiiTOjw. In Septnmlier 177-1 ho 
bad an iniurvHiw with Caralinn Mntildn 
fn. T.]. UMla of (ii-DTfic III, nt Zcll (CVIlr). 
He proMvdcd fitira Zell to Altcinn, whtn^ he 
WNUB* to bavu ciieu frank vjtpmuuu lo hi> 
ajUIWlhvfor ll>«tMUU*liedaiii^tii. At Iliiin- 
MTf.hard bv,thH«rMid«d a ^iruupof iioblv 
1Mb nilM. Two i>f lh«ir i><ftdpr«, Baroua 
jmnu^lnun and Biilow, recognised in 
'Wraxall ■ lUlhig ngcnl nf rniamiinication 
bi.-tw«n the qiMcn wboea thcj Kiunht to n>- 
plnce upon tlia ihrone of Pi-timarh and 
Ooorge ill, wh(i9>> i:oncurri-n(^f in thv movv- 
UMIl \b*y ftrU it ludiBpt'itiikbla U> utilnlTi. 
Aa ■c«T«dilfd inii-niirJiurv in this alfuir 
Wraxall road<^ suveml »oliioii» joiiroM>, the 
■ncidentit of which losn nnchin)i: by hi* t<^ 
porting in the po^* of hi* ' IVthiimoiu 
]bmoin'(i. STh «].) Iln hud privnto iii- 
Urviewa with ibu (jiiu<n iu thu lihrarj- and 
Jftrdin Anglais al '/.vU, and cunvvvcd lo 
her on }!i Feb. 177i> a pnjicr cuntJiiniii); 
0«orgcIir*qiialifli.'d Muctiouof Ihafrcheme 
d^rierd bj Ii«r paniMiis. lie rcAurned lo 
England in Apnl, in ihn honn of oblnining 
• ptmoaial inlfrvii-w with Thn liinc-. and a 
moMdcSnile nji*u»n«e ihnt hi- would rniin- 
lenanen auch ocliooi a* might nruvc tjis!i-9- 
•ary at Cop«nhag^ti. But while liu wa» 
anxiously iraiting iu Jerniju Slrvvl, Lon- 
don, for a favpiirabU auowef, tbu nowg 
iwchied him on 19 Uaj of tke tudden death 



He I 

Lp 

l^^ra 



of Carolin't Mntilila (ttv Cj/rrr*iioii4mrr «/ 
George III and Jxird Xorih, IS<(7, ii. 3.WJ. 

fie appcoia to haro been living in l^ondoB 
iu 1770, and he mentions inoi-tinf[ Dr. Uodd 
in lhi« jear, lODi-thtT with Wilkca, Sir Wil- 
liam JonM, and Dfi Lolmt-, at the booSe of 
[lilty ih^ bookM'Uor. Dodd inviied thecoaii 
pnttjloilinnirith him al hi*hon#e in Argrll 

. ntn^l, nnd thp invitation wiui accpliHl. In 
tho fotlovrinji Tfjir Dodd, whili- liinj; in 
Xcwjpitv, mode an urgent appeal to Wraxall 

, toeierl himiHiiriu procure a pardon through 
Lord NugeuU In the lummi^r of 1777 

I Wraiall made soaw Btaj at Tbu Hafpie, 
wlif>re he was prewoto'l lo tbu Princu of 
Orangn. B«font l^nvine Knglnml he had 
rncivi-d from (itvriiR III a licuti>nnDt'« ctin- 
tniinon, i^nnled upon iho anpliculiitn of 
l»rd Itobert Munni-ni [q.r.],wlio thenrnm- 
inundi^ ihe third regimvutol drat^oneuarda. 
Iu ihi- uniform uf this rt'i^inii'iil Wraxall 
\iHilvd tbi< ihvaire at Florencv iu 1'7U nud 
Haw I'rincp TharW I'Mward. The cbcvuli'-r 
wn« •I'mi-iniosiciitcd ; bnt whnn 'h« »p- 

JroacliM ncnr I'nough to diftingiiiih tn« 
in;;lish rrKimt'nlal, lii' innlantly itopprd, 
grnllv nhuok utV iho two (icrvniitii who sup- 

trlcil him, ona oti pucb fcidu,iiud. lakinK i^If 
* hnl, polili'ly tuluted uh.' lie nailed 
Drwl.n in 1778'ftnd Naplc* in l(7l>. Thvns 
hn met Sir Willinm and IiaIj Hamilton. 
I'pon hi-r authority bo inlrodiicrs into hia 
■ ilrmoira'iHimt curioun anct'dotcBof privatn 
exec III ioiin, which liuvc hwn frL-iiiK-itllycitod 
(cf. CiiAiiBEBS, ISovk of Dagf. il. r)5I)). 

In 17H) he rrtunu-d to Ergluud, hiid waa 
e1eci*'d M.P. for ihu borough of Hiodon 
in Wiliabiru. In 1781 bo waa appointed on 
a eommitt<ic to inqiiiro into tlw entire's of 
WOT in the Cnroatic. Iri>rd Notth wn> a 
member of this coinmittre.nnd in June 17S1 
\if iiiii'ipec-tedtv BjJied Wrninll lo ipfud 
lb» duy wilh him nt Biishey I'ark. Tho 
ministiT there told him tliut ihu kiug was 
ino« aoxioiis lo nckuowlrdge' in s proj>er 
mnnncr hit impnrlnnt iiorvicpa lo thn Intn 
qunrn of Denmark, llcfoivi ontcring pnrlia- 
ment hii pi-niiiitt-nt npplination* for rccoro- 
prnse had been unnniwcri'd. Tlie sum of n 
Ihoiinand ^uinuHi for his expenses was now 
uwnrdt>d hini and paid nith alacrity, while 
be h1«o obtained u proiuiM (uiiliilOUvd, 
owing to North's r<>ttr«ment)of apo«i in iho 
ndmiTiiHt ration. I'jkrly in thia >nmn year 
("17^1) Hornrn Wnlpnle, whow nnliyiathy to 
riia! mi-woir writer* w us in*tinctive, wrote 
to Miifon of Wroiull us' poppinn inio everr 
Bput when; he cnu maku himself talked of, 
by latkintj of liiniself; but I htuir he will 
come to an untimely be^iuiiing in the Iloiine 
of Commons' (CVn-jrp. cd. Cunningham, 



Wraxall 



7" 



Wraxall 



b 



vij.JJil). Tbi» kinrl atliriputioii w«« not 
tvoliitrd. In 1TK1 Wmiiill ohtaineii wnw 
cru')itfcirhnvingili'BpnI(<ii<'itnn pxtrannlinnrj 
gnuHttn (n Indm cnlitnininjr xiw rpwt nf tho 
ppnc- of 17(^^, wliicli n-ncht'd Mndrni t'lX 
ivpckii bprar«llii!(il}ii.-iul iiiit^Uip-'ncT. In the 
■nrou j<riir lit? ci-awd (o bu n folluvrpr of LorJ 
Nurib, nnil, wb(>n tbo itivJMiou wan tHkcn on 
FotV ' liidiH Hill,' W joiopil tb<^ mimvirv 
that. frtlb.i Wild I'ilr.. Rn^Wl«lf<irI.iit3gernhnll 
in tl>e general i^Vrrtinn of IT^U, be smilr^ 
down in ihi' iirw pnrlinmi^t into n pd'lty 
■tiMciy foUowpt of l*ilt. An mich he c-nmf 
under Ibi! Ia.»b of unu of ihu v,-ittii!«t writiTH 
in lbs ' Rolliad.' Iiis claims to rnciilupcdisni, 
infvnvd from bia' Nortbeni Tour'!!"!)), 
amlbisfoiKlnentforlnlenprsiiiichLS^poecb^H 
with([i>n|franbicn1 infiirmntionbi'ingiielirii'i^ 
in tbe ninth of the ' IVilmlionnrv lldf* for 
thn Ijiiirrnimhip.' Appondod i» n biirli-Hiiic 
tRitimoninl from l^)rd Alonbodib. niHrmiiiK 
hli opinion tbul VV'niAillin'tbL'piireMourniii'- 
oulang in Llrr-ut Hnlaiii,' In Jnniiury I7t^~ 
Wniloll publitlii.'d nnoiiymouBly « pnmplilL't 
HDtilli^ ' A SboH, Kcvinn- .'■f tliO PolitiMl 
Stall? of GrcHt IJritnin.' *\\ rdilip>»«of whicb, 
nn t-nl.imnt^d lolnl nf jmvi'nlr.'n ihoiinnnd 
ci>pi(v, wrrc rapidly pirpiilnti'd in lOnnUnd, 
whilff n I'reiich TcrtionCCoupd'cEiUurrflBt 
politiiiurdi' la<irunili?-i<n'ln);n(.'')upp).'HrF'don 
'J3 Pvh. It IB cliii-fly nntewortbv for its fruiik 
delineation of tlio Princi* of Wak>«, wbo i^ 
Mid to bave nii-naMd tli" piiblisbT, Ppbrdl, 
witli n Tiitili'<cntion for libnl, nnd a* marking 
Wrox«ll'ii divnrjrcnco from hi* IpRdcm on 
tbs KubJGCt of ttip Wom-n ]IiL.<tin)rs trial; 
tlie nuthonihlp wn* nctunlly nicTibisl to 
llBSlinK* himsplf. nn.! bi»BpL-nt.Mnior Scott 

Swa Scott, aft-rwarda ScoiT-WtniKO, 
roH93i ''^'' ''"' if'^'ihly to dpiiy this pri" 
fliimption from hiaannl in ibi> rommona. Of 
t.hnn'pliMiMU«d,nn<'n-n9 ntlribnliviln Lord 
Krakinn and inoIbRr to Sir Philip Kmncin. 
The deduction ono naiurnlly dfnwn from 
tliiB ■UFFi-sa, evrn tboitfrh it n-cri' AnonymoiiK, 
i» t.hnt WnuaU'o vapucily am) iitni^ht into 
politic" w<ari< liy no oii-an^ fO indifiniHcant as 
nis critic* in the quart erlii'n Milw'ou-ntly an- 
Nimrid. Ho wiuir<«-i"li>cled for Wnlliniiford in 
1T90, but h" had to np(M"ii« to thn winliM of 
tho proprietor of this bopjiigb (Sir Frnncip 
Syktiil by rciijTninjrhiimnt in ITft). lUhiu) 
Iwt valnablc friend* in I.ordu ?Jn(i«iit nnd 
SackTtlle, and bi^inf; u jiinii homn. witliout 
suflit^ionl influence i-ilher in the tounlry or 
in tb* bi^M chih»(Bi Wbiti-'nOeorirn Selwvn 
iTBJiwonl tn ««k' Wlio is (bin Rdwal ? "), fil* 
pBTli-iniPntpiry cari'pr was eln»od. I'or Botne 
Tcjif* pri'vioti* to hi* rMirPlniml from tho 
llou.ie of ComntfOin he acted as vnkrail or 
ftgenC for the nabob of Arcot, and ■niit one 




of Ihe *.niKll jwrtvof n^tlrrd ladiiui oBlrisIs 
knoim u tbe * llen^I cjiuid.' l.*pon leav- 
injt parlinmnnt and hi* bonv in TlarKPS 
Strcft, Wnuall Kama to hnTf derntnd hiro- 
*df mninlr to cora^linft bia hiitorien) mu- 
moin. Too aeerct of hi' 1787 pain|itilvt 
must haTo bM'n fairly nfll kept: for h^ 
managed to eilabliab biin^e'lf iu (aiuur at 
Carlton lltiiifie, wh«rp in ITtftt the rejtcnt 
' WR* |>1<>nu>d to ■Jwignnl" liim tinder oHicial 
■rnl Ilia fiiliim biatoriojimphpr.' tlii atrik> 
iiijf ■ IJeminiiftwicca' of the iv(init,fir»lpiib- 
liikiil in I8(*4, form n cnrioiu eoiiiin<ini«rr 
upon thin announcement. At \\'hiU'liall on 
2'i t:!ept. 1^1^, upon ihv exprpH nominalion 
of thu prince re|:ent, Wnutall waa otrnl^ 
a baronet, a« ' of Wraxall, 8ofner»et.' Tw» 
voar« later were piibliahi?d bis 'lliatorintl 
Memoirs,' lh« firal rdilion nf which Mitrr- 
tainintt work wna aold in the coune of a 
month. I'nfortiinntely tar the aulhor the 
aule was nrri-stfd by an action ft-r libel, 
maintained in ibu court of kinc'* beodi 
befoiv IjOrd Ellenburough by Count Woton- 
row, whom Wramtl Iiail madu re«^iMiU»' 
for tbrt impiitfition thfit the Emprew C«t))»- 
rinn of lEiiuin hm! rnuicd thit PriltOMM of 
■\VurtembiT(i to be put to death. Wnuall 
WBJi aenienced to pnv a line of (iOS/. and to 
go to tbe hiiifc*'* bench priton for six monlhv 
— reiuilled 10 three by the iv^nt at tlip in- 
»laiiiv of Worotitow bimaelf (. If omi'ny /*>•(, 
SSt'pt, 18Iit). Ill the meantini" tho * Me- 
nioira'had bnon altacked with the ntmnfl 
fnrocilv in the ■ (Jnarlerly ' (vol, xiii.% ibn 
'Kdiniinrgh' (vol. jcsv.)'. and the'Briiiib 
Critic' and the book ha* the mm dialinctioii 
of having brought CroVer, Mockiniaah. and 
AIncaiilay into auhitlantinl agreement upoa 
tbe merits, or rather deinprilx, of a Ittrtsrv 
prfuruianeo. Tbe 'IWinburgh' ciled an 
enipvm, saii] to have been cninpnaed by 
CiBOrge Col man, which has bei?n wiilt<ly wia- 
i]ualn) — 

Mrn. meiinrcB. rrnnM, and facia all 

MiaquaLing, loiaitatiag, 

Miaplaeinic. miKilHiinii. 
Hero /fM Sir Xntliimie] Wnmill. 
Wrnxnll mplied with fuccets to somA oftha 
■psciliR chnrprcs of garbling nnd delibnntto 
unvnrncity in*An.\nawer to the Caluni- 
nioun Mia representation of the " Quarterly 
Itericw." the" Hriiiah frit ic,"BJid the"' I'^diu- 
bur^h Iteview"' (181G, (ito). and lie found 
disiiileri'^led aiipportcm in SirOeor^Otboni 
^f'jT flrtv YtMim equerry to GeorRp III, who 
wroT", ■ I pltfdpe my na'me that 1 pfntoBally 
know nine pnrtsoiil of ten of ynur nn^eilfltn* 
to he perfiiclly coiwct' — and in Sir .Archi- 
bald .Aliaon, who WTOlo in ' Blockirood' 
(Irii. 361) that nothing bttt Uutk eouM 



I 



I 




duee ao porli-nlOUH an aUiaaM aa tbat ti«- i 
twTvn Ibe ' Eiliubut];b ' ahJ the ■ QuaTlerlv.' 
Tbv cuntinDpit elpi«Mt*t by Crokrr niul tar. 
olbcr critic* vt», in fiKt., Isr^ly that of 
quidnunc* nf St. Jamnn'ii Sinwt for gouip 
c»ll«ctn<l frtitn lounH'* nortli of l^icutlillj. 
It trould liK diflieult indtrud lo disCiiif;uiH!i 
ibo ilef^>«i of HullifnticitT iH-twv-^n \hv 
amsototc* ot Wraiall and rliOM tHiili.-d bv 
CiwliPrkiin*i;ir(iulh<?'li»-r«tij'and"¥iiffolk' , 
munoira), an^l pxcnpt in out or two in- 
M«BCM, such a* thcwc nf Wbitwnrtk, Al- ' 
•ankT, and lEuniliotd, irbcri.' Wrn.xall woa 
nrajcd br an eniily i-xplieablr prisonul bi»», 
HACaulfty'a'Mendacium Wruxallianuui ' can 
BulnD([er be held to b« fairly applicable. 11)8 
pottnuU ot ib« niiior aclora on t.ba jioliu- 
col Mag« bMwwn I7T3 and IT^ an of tmI 
hiatoriMl valge ; and, allhniiKh tfaam muxt 
ba many blecnithi-i iipnii ibc' HUtfnce of u 
canvB* M> viut, bin booK liu aif^ally TaUilit-d 
tbt pndiolion of thr criiicv Ibai it itruuld b« 
raeadlj fontottiai. WruAuir* wid« reading 
in Wlunr affoidc<d biuiafi^rlil« fl<*ld of illiiH- 
tntiuu; thiacireoaistsncci and bifirfaknvM , 
for ' ItavriI'd loamin^ ' render him a tptt 
diccnrtiive writer; biii. though diffiiii!', be in 
nearly alwny* cnlortaininji. I 

IVactically notbioft i« known of Wruiaira 
dodiniDK TMini- Itedicd ot Uoteroa T Kur. 
ISSI.'oo hi» iray lo Naplus,affi>d HO' (Ami. 
lUg. I8SI, p. SiV^). Il<- wsJi burial in St. 
Jamea'a Church, Duvcr < MritiKi, KrnI, p. 
&^|. Iti) marripd, on H(.i Man-.b 17B9, Jalu', 
eldMtdaDgbttrof Peter tAKclIciiof Kuigblv 
(U Hcnfordnbire (Oent. Mag. I7(*W, i. 3711, 
aiid left iwo *oiiB, Licutenaiil'eolon<?l Wil- 
liam I.bbcfIIh*, Mcond baronet (A. fi Si-pl. 
i;»l.<^. :; Mav \m&), and Charles Kdnnnl 
i\19i-\V^A\, fi<'n1«nant royal nnillcry, ami 
Cuher of l^ir Fredv^ic Cbarleii l.axcclliu 
Wiuall fq- v.] I 

A poilrait of W'mxnll wu enffrnrtd by ' 
T. Cb»«inmaB from an oripnnl drawing bv i 
J. Wriahl (publiibed * Man-b XhVi in Cudcll 
and Unviiw's 'Couli-mpinrury PortmiU') ; 
another portmit wa;t «n^av(<il for tli« ' Kle- 
uoira ' by Robert Cooper (Hrit. Mu«. priiit- 
rootn). I 

Wra.ialVa chief publlcnt ion* went: l.'Cur- | 
tarr K^mirki made in a Tour lhtoLif{h rwraie 
of rbe Nortliwn I'orls of Europe, particu- 
lariy ('-opnnbaf^ii, Stoobholiu, him) I'etDn- I 
bar^b,' I»ndon, I77"i,8vi'. A dedieatiim t" 
Viacouni Clare 'i» dated Itrlslol, I fob. Tb-i 
writM- candidly avow* (p. i'ti7)rhnl bUwork 
b baued u|ion iiaiily obacrTatinti, but lieftue- 
OMded in rendorinir tlie ' I.^'ttetv'Df which 
it i« conipo*«l iiniforraly nmiininft. * Yuu 
nay Tvad him,' wroh! Ur. Johnsun to Mra, 
Tfanle OB S^ Hay 177rh A fourth ediliuu 



appeared in 1M7, under the title 'A Tour 
round th« Baltic* 'i. ' Memnirbof the Kiiig«^ 
of Pranc« of the Roci? of Valoi", inienn 
with interetting tinerdotef. To whicti 
ndilnd A Tour through thoWct^m, Sod thenia 
Biid Interior I'rarinciti of Fran<w, in a anri* 
nf l.elter»,' \junAaa, 1777, 'i roU. 8vd. The 
dr-dicntion, addressed lo the Karl of Hill*- 
bf.<roii|;b, ia dtled New Bond St[vet,U2 Nor. 
17711. A second rdilion was leva ap, 
primely «rutilled 'The History of yrancAl 
iindnr tb« King* of tho lEnc* of Vftlnit 
(I364-K)74),' I78r>: »td dit. Ifi07. 
nmiuinff qualiiits of thi< work orr npn 
riatcd in Smyth's ' lj(>ciurei on Modem 
History ' (rol. ii.) The ' Tour ' Bppeniied lu 
the firal e<!ilion was publiahnl sepuralely in . 
1784, and again in 1W7. 3. 'iIi«torv u( 
France from ibe AfceMiion of Henry lit ■<»( 
the Donlh of l.ouia XIV, pn.MMtb'r] by 
View of the Civil. Military, and I'olitical 
Klatc of Europn bc1n*<-cn tbo Middln luidl 
Close of tile bijteeiitli Cenlurv,' l.ondou.l 
i;«6, S vohi. 4to; and ISIl, 6 voU. t<vo. 
The work progreMifd uuly a* far aa the death 
of Henri iV, and waa never f)ni»1ied. it 
WKi mmmradnd in the ' Monthly lieTieir ' 
( 17fl.'i, ii.l'H). 4. M'orw'pontlnnce between 
a Travelkr nnd n .'blinialer of Stnt« in Oc- 
tober and November 17yJ, preecckd by Ite- 
uinrks upon the Oridiii and the Final Ubjtt 
of the Present ^V'ur, as well tis upon the 
Political Position of Europe in (H'tober 
liWi, Translateil fkim tbe original Fn>nrb, 
with a I'rofaorT, by N. W. W.,' London, 1 786, 
>*vn. Thi* pamphlet i> drdicDtod to l^tt 
and Vox, who ore urged to unite for the 
beiietlt of their country. 5. ' Memuira of 
tlie Cuurta of Berlin, Dresden, AVa maw, and 
\'ipiinft in ibe years 1777, 17*8, and 177('.' 
lrf>ndDn, I77«,-JvoK 8vo; 17011 (Dublin). 
imX) nnd 180tS: n bnok *nboiinding in •ii- 
lironing am-cdotit' (,lfonM/v firi-ifi; \'W, 
iii. 300). 0. ■ HialitienI .Memoir* of my 
own Time, from 177L' lo 171*1.' London,, 
Ifl-j, V voIs.8tt) ; '2aA edit., wilb umissiotur,' 
Jii'i" l^llfi ; -In! ■-')ii., ri'vt-.'il and eorrectei; 
If^l;-, :: i..i- -^ii. l',,(,,,iil to the tbir 
<-dirnjTi iii'i' lijr.',' l.-i ti'in (ih ri'vinw^r* and i 
'Second Anan-or to th>< Cain mnioun Attacks 
of the " Kdiiibunih : ■" 4th edit., rpvikcd 
wilb additions, IKiG. 4 voU. Bvo <l'hiln- 
delpbin, 18:17 and l81/>). 7. ■ Poklhuuiuui 
Menioir« of hjs Own Time, by Sir N. W. 
WraMll'<17*4-90), Undon, Ie»I, 8 *ol». 
Sin (Pbilndflphia, I8.'»>; 3f^ edit. 184->. 
8vn. I(y way of prnfarn tho writer ngaii) 
niunera the atrietiinm of bi* n-viewnm, and 
giifen an acojunt of bi* ri'lntinns with I'minl 
Woronxow. In thi* work, more tbnn in tho 
' Hiaioricul UeinoirB,' intcrcjit ia iwncuii- 



W'ray 



74 



Wray 



tn tod upon tliii>n(ini>(iaf CoiDinnri*. It met 
a niinilar Cute to ilii nrndRccKuir, boiiiK mr- 
rwnljr revirvful in llic 'QuartMiy' (vol, 
IviL), ' WwtiuinWfr' (»ol. ixvi.)t ' Ci-utle- 
nan'i Mufpziuu' (I^. ii. Itu), and vIm- 
wbtN. Sir Bgeilon llrjdgoa, iii 'FniMir' 
(vol. xi».), wroi*, liowpvcr, tlinl ' Wrnvali'). 
abanctim am (tmutrall; c^irrrct,' nnil lliU 
vordict in itrnnuty ■uppnrti.'d by tUo atinola- 
lioiu of AIn. I'iutzi and oilwn. 

In I8M Uie ' lliAluricKl aud rustliumuuii 
Moiuiin * wetw comblui'd in im bdiuirabic 
edition, with iDtroduciiou and noI<-«, bj Mr. 
n. II, Wlieiiti'iy, F.H.A. (Limijiin, .'i vol*. 
HvO, wilti luirtmtt III' \\'riiin]l). wtlti un n|>- 
MDdis of ' lEcmlniiccitci'ii of ICiivol iind 
Noblo l*orsotiiiffeH,' bit li«rlo nntiublinliL-d, und 
n full iiiilu.\. TliD text eiubudics ^\'rainirs 
I ulest coiTFction^, together will) uiiTiotali4n% 
by Mrs. Ptoxzi, Dr. Pnran, and Henry II. 
Iwbn. Thii vork, wbicli conlniiit numiTciut 
illusimlion*, biu proved a favourite rucipivnt 
of uttra lUutilralian. 

FIolTOductiun to Wntinirh Mi>niairli. «d. 
Wbmtlry. 18SI ; Onnt. UiitT' 1833 '•■ 3M. 1S36 
■i. Hi: .\nnunl Biotr. nod Obituary, lMy3. 
DobrvLi'o llHiiiiiui^inv. IS'ifl, p. ()ii7 ; Rurki^'n 
FwnMt** !">d BHniiK'1110' - Itiiikr- I'ii't. iif I.iiiciz 
Anthoni, tSlG ; I'anthi-on of iba A^. 181.^. iii. 
•33; Aniiluil Itogiif^r. ISX). p. -iSfi; Truirt. 
Ufa of MuWu. p. '^71 ; Vin. I'loui'* I^Kom. 
ti. 9S; B'iBiivIl'* Lift- of .lolioiion. ni. Hill, iii, 
•\2Z-0. rd. Cratcrr, 18IS, p. Gil: Corrtsp. of 
0*i>r)ta Ml nnd Ijird North, cd. Iloniic; Cum- 
berlaud'a MvnniirR; Ainii'. D'ArliUy'* Itiiiry. 
1891, L 6JI : Biiikn* Juurna'. 18«S, ii, 13-13 : 
JcM*'a MiniiL tt Oporge III. IMT. ii. S3, 333. 
[i3i; BUckmud'ii Mag. 18^6. i1. n'A; Alhannum. 
1836, pp. 373, 1*8: SpMluMr, 18S4: Jlaymril'* 
Autobio^ ofMn-I'-oui. 180.1.11.89: LMcr;it(i 
Wmtnll'ii Life and Timw "f Curolino Mniildii, 
IflflJ: Altiliniic'i Dicl,<>l Kngl, J.iivniCiirn: N<il»]t 
mill (4tiiirir«, :i(i<l nr. ili. 'J31. 3rd Kr. T. <^1 1, 
mh -ct. ix. mid x.) T. 1^ 

WBAY, Sir CECIL (i:34-18ft'.>, tenth 
liaroni-t, [ii^liticinn, Imrn on 3 Rf.'pl. 17^. wiw 
tho cldiut and only unniviriK >oii of Mir John 
Wmv. ninth bftfonnl (rf, liiiS). who marrini 
im4 Morub 17S7-« Krancwil^rf. 1770},diiu((h- 
loi and solv bein?B* of t'atrfax Nurcliiri- of 
Luii)^tou, VurkHbire [fitv tiiidcr AVrat, Siu 
Oh ricto)-iieb], On tlie iWtb of big fnib^r 
in l7ASCecil turooilcd to the hnnxictcj' and 
In Ibtkk Mtntr,! in Lincoliiihin^ Norfolk, and 
YofkAire. lie lived in n Inrgi- liouiie iii the 
nottb-4!afl tiiv of I'^stualv, Litic:uln, but, 
tkroufib uiitiuyuii(!(> fruiu 'liin diiii^iiiK 
ef BuviU in n biucknuiilli'it (<ho)> uijwhiIi-, 
got disgnslnil ' witb it (VBN*lit.l», t.iiii-nln 
Stfrrt*,^. 21 ), He alio pronnred ihe demo- 
lition of the four ^t<-bnii(e* ncroM l'!niil(iiitc 

(0, p. SI J, I-'roni -'Q Mac. I7Im to :;0 Dec. 




1757 be wax a comet in tba l*t dr 
and on 17 Juim 177S he vnu njipninl* 
cnptun in the ijouih Lincoliubire militia 
Ub wiut alio captain of a troop of pwtstutCT.I 
In 1700 Wray built » 'Oottic c«»lella " 
buildiDj;,' wbrch he called Summef Otatlcijl 
after hiA wife's nain«, but it has long b«au 
kiiOTrn at t'll li n|{baiii Cn«tln. It alandf oB 
a hill about ten milei frocn Lincoln. II* 
i^onti-sied the boruutfli of KaM lUtford ia 
I7l)0 an 'a ii<.'i);bbuiiiiii[;couulrv Reotlcmaa 
and a uieuibtT i>f ibe Bill of Kigfats Socii'ty' 
agaiiMt tbsintere«ito(lL>>Uukeuf NrifcaBllo^ 
and tbe corporation, and Ml for it iii iha 
iw» parliaments from ITS^ ti> 1780 (,Oli>- 
i-ti:(.i). Pari, llirt. it. fUO). lis act*)] aa 
chairman of the committco for amftDdiag 
the puor lawn, and wai one of the stmnKcat 
opponenta of the Amnrican war. Un tbe 
•^leiuliun of ICodney lo llui {Kwragv Wtb/i 
niiiiiily thntugli ilio inllaeoce of Foi, waa 
nominated bv the whiii; aMociation to fill 
tile vacancy in the mprejwntation of Weat- 
mintti^r, and be held tho Mat from \'2 S\ta%^M 
KF^l'io 17tM. 1^ 

Brtwci'Ti tlitf*-- daltfa tbe oialition of Vox 
and North bad bevn hrousfat about, anil 
W'rny ut oncf denounced tue iinioji in ilia 
IIou«« of r^mnioiw. He alan opnotad with 
vi^iir Fox'* India bill. M the goncral 
election in MM hi? ntood for Weitiuin»ier, 
with tbu Rupport of the lorin, and in tbe 
liopoorousttiijf Foi from tlie repruarntatian. 
The poll opvut-d ciu 1 April, aud clMi.'doii 
17 May, when the ino*t famous of all poli- 
tical crintcflii ended, tho niimber* being 
Hood 6,61)4. Fox 6.23:!, Wray 5,WW. Tha 
lH*at«n mndidnte drmanded a Knitiny, 
which the bit{)i bnilili'. a toot of ilie toriea, 
ut once urantwi. and it vi'iu nut abandoned 
until 11 March liKi, wlit'ii he waK ordunHl 
by iierliaiiieiit. to make lue ivturu al once 
(Oi-iiflKr-n, Pari. Hut. iv. 21S-IB. 2»*-5: 
UiiKiio, Pari. JHertioiu, pp. SR&-8S), 

Wriiy. without pOMuFiintc'iruperiorlalmittv 
was indepi^ndeut in mind ax well a* in 
rortuuc' (\VRA3iti.u Mrmoiri, l'^t<4, mi. iii. 
80), Bill! Iiad agreeable oiauuvrc. but hswaa 
parsimonious. Durin^itlie cciutr«t uf Waat- 
minater lliu wlla made Tll('lD»■^lTea inerr/ 
oV(>r hia frailties. Ilii 'amall bevr' WM 
ridieuled, thn ' unliniabed Mate of hia npwly 
fronled liouar in Fell Moll' w*» tacoTfd al 
(/fo/ftW. dediL-atio!i).niidlie provukrd tnuch 
ruilK-ry by b is iircp'XHLU lo abotiili Cbeliea 
Ilunpiial and to tax maid-eerratits. Soaa 
absurd lineawora attnbulrd lo bim ill tha 
■ ttolliivr <179n, pp. 99, 2^m, and to him 
n*aii imputed an irrefrnlat ode in lb* conlMt 
for tho poet- kuri'D tub ip {ib. pp. 20£~S). 

^^'rny figured in many of iCowlandwmll 





Wray 



75 



Wray 



L 



pUtm lo ilio ' Ilirtoty "f llir WmlminiiiT 
HlectloD. 1784.' His ponon rmppiurn as 
thai of « wUig ID 1791 in Gilltny'm carica- 
turM of '(he liouM of Uie P^'I'V prior to 
JuW I4,'aii<1 'A Birmiagliaiii TooJilasfpTen 
on 14 July hjili«i ReToliilioa Soci^f.' Ho 
lijfA ■ftw' 1784 in ooEnpiniitv<> r>li«ciiritj. 
Ha diiMl «t t'^Uinitliaiu or Siimmcr ('aMl<^, 
Lineolutliir?, on 10 Jnn. ISCfc'i, and n-a« 
buried Hi FillinslLiia, ii uliU-t brinjt plnccd 
■a (he church lohia mvaiore. Ili» wifewu 
Estfaur SumiQcn, but uotliiiiK is known a* 
U> ber hiwoi? ov ibe tUli^ of Uuf'ti uurrinc^- 
8b» di*d at Sttmmer Cwtle on 1 P<^b. itfi-'u 
Wtd 80, ftnd wu hmx\«A at Mll'mghani, 
WMto ft tablet |m«trviM h«r maninry. 'I'hry 
hail BO bau^, and SirCedl Wray'* c-slntn, 
wbicii his widow mjovi'd for hor lifir, |ui»pd 
li> hia nvptiew, aon of John Ifulton (1720- 
IBIl) [a- v.], who bad matrird hu tiisier 
bab^a. 

Tbottt waa naUulind in I't^l 'A full 
Acoonnt of the Proceeding* in WrarmintttT 
Hall. 11 Kfb. l7St, with tlie SiMech» of 
Sir Cecil Wray and olhcw;' and Watt 
iBHBtioaB *aitr hU name the ' ReaolTim of 
the C<><Dmitl«e appoiated to try tlie Election 
tot the County olGloucMieTin ITi", priutcnl 
firofalbcNolmof Sir Ocil Wray.lheChnir- 
man' (AS/, //nfinanim). 

A full>lcnHih poitraii by lt>?yno1d« of Sir 
Cecil Wray i* uaid to he nt Hleninjrrord. 
and then atv portraits also al Langtnii aud 
Ptllingbaai Castle. Mi«>Dsltunof Staini]ru|i 
fONKMM a tnbkiaiure of him. iu ih- uniforui 
of tba lat dnfptonii.aiwl a fuiMxngth pnrlratt 
bT ()pi« of bim in yeoronnrT uiiifarm. I.ndy 
Wrav'a panmit wm pnintcd in 1767 by 
Sir Joahus lieynirfds. In 18QS it km at 
Sleiunfi^ord. near Ripon.the Hutl of Captain 
l>aIton, and waa iu fair coudiliou. 

SSurke'nEitincl BnruDalcieit: Orn'.SIiif;. ISnS 
I. i>. ait, ms i. 17;: n'Mmir* Mcmoin 

II8SI ed ). iii. ID. SO, 284~A. ail-T ; 1I>>I. of 
iiB(«Ui*J»M\ lUl. |^ 39; Moothlv Mii(^ IS"fi. 
i.SO-S: I«ili*andTnylor'iiSirJ(»huaKtrnnlib, 
L 3SS>3; CluLrin Usiion'a WraTi o(GlLni«orth. 
ii- I87-3N : VtrigU *!id Rv^twK C.illniy CarKii- 
■ui«^ |ip. 3J-34; Wriii'it'?! Carii'n'iiro illsl. "f 
the a*onw. pp. SSI'SS . Otvgo't Itaw1niid»n. 
L iai-*J,] W. P. C. 

WEAY. Sib CimiSTOI'IIEIt {IMI- 
Ia(l2)> JikI^ third aon of Thomnii Wray, 
■gaeachal in ISSIi of CoTHham Abbt^y, 
Yoriuhini, bv Joan, dsnehler of RoWrl 
Jactoon of Uali>nbj, Rmfftl^, in llin fHni« 
«oootT, won bom at llcdnln in \!y2i. The 
andcnl dunbia, irrivcd by Iinrd Coinpball 
{CXi^ Jutlitei, 1. TOO), ai to hia legitimacy, 
were neinotod by (he puhliciuioa in 1857 of 
(he vriJU of hi* tnotbrr (by ha eeeoad vaar- 



n»iga wifc of JiAn WyelilTe, aiiiHlor of 
issue* in the Kichmond diitricl) and bia 
bn>l)ii:ir^iii'Uw,Kalph Gowri RiefiniondxMire 
WilU iiitd Inrmloriei, Surteea Soc- pp. luO,, 
161, l»l-fi). Tbo p«di|i;T«e, howowr, 
fir»t traced with aociirnry from tbe Wray 
of Wenalurdal* bytho Ituv. Opiaviua WmJ 
in the ■ (icovalogial,* od. Mar*luill, it. 27(i< 
'JS-J. 

Wrar was an alumnua of liuckitighum (r^ 
founded duriujr his rmidcTii-t.' b-h Ms^alfue) 
Coltoge, Cambridge. Tlioiit'b apparently no 
)rradunt«, ho was a IojaI aon to tiii uima 
tnatri: and iwt n high vaW on iMroiof. 
Tmdilion nicribr-* to bim the odominoiit 
IbecoUeK" with llic rich Itenaiiwmea wt 
porch, Bud a deed dated Ifl JuIt 1667 ^uwa 
that he had then built ur rebujil a potll 
of the edifice c-iutainiug llire« storiiMof fou 
Tooma apiece, which wen> uppropriat^d t 
tlio iiM of two follown and fix Rcholars, j 
wboMt maintnnaiiCR lie >.-cuml by n Tvnt- 
dmrjie (aee ^ViLits and ('i.akk, ArrHilre- 
lural Jtittory nftif Unirrrtitii ofCamltrid^, 
ii. SfM), He added another ffiluwuhip bv 
his will ; Inn oiore were founded by hiii wifu 
in lAOl, and • fellowship and two schoL&r- 
«Iiijiii Iiy hi* apr^ond dniigblor in ISSS. 

Wray was njimiiidd on R Kob. 1H4-0J 
Ktudent at Linr^otn's Inn, vliern he wni 
colled to tlie bar in Hilatr term lol'J W, 
was reudrr in aututun \Wi. treaaunir 
1'iOu-l>. and Hi;arn render in Ix-nt IMT 
aniicipniiou of hi't cull to the degree 
Mtrie-antHit-lnw. which took p1aC9 in tha i 
■uiiig Kuttnrierm. On IS Juno of the aa 
ytar he wna mnde qnren'i wijrant. Ilia 
|iarliaiiienlarv cori^i^r bi'^nn by hia return 
lao i^upt. l6:i.'Sl f.rr Bt.n>ut'hbridj(i', York- 
shir>.-, which ciiiifititnvncv be cuulinutd to 
repTvotmt nntil ihn dt^tli iif Queen Mary. 
l-'roin 1^1 lo I'itt" he Mt fur drest Orinisby, 
Lincalnsbire. Like moxt of th<< ^enll»men 
of the norlb, hi- wm prrihubly eatliolic at 
heart, but he eridenlly steered a, wnry cniinM, 
for iu the reli^-ioua eensun of justiceii of tbo 

!ieacf>,coinpiIedbyepiscu]fulni.Llb(iritvinlfilll, 
leiaenteredas'indinVrenl.' Id Ihelollowinr 
year ha wan auigne>d by the court of kings 
bench as counMl for Elonm-r in the proceed- 
injts on tho pnraiuniri'. In the *prin£ of 
l.")89 'OheiittondedthrofliitrahpldBt lotk, 
Cdrliile, and Durhnui for iho trial of Iho 
niTtheru rebels, and ntu employed in re- 
ceiviiii; tbeir euhiuisM'ios. Ainun^ then 
were his brother Th'imas und hissinler's boo 
John Gnwer, both of whom were unrdoned. 
In the pnrlijiiiK'iit of lri71 \\rny, taen 
member Ibr I.iidpriiluill, Willehire, wu 
olioien spenkpT of the llouw of Commoina. 
, In bin address to (he throci? on prcnulatiua 



Wray 



?« 



W'ray 




(4 Acril) hv esjwl)at«i(l with much lenrning 
and! eloquence m praiup of thn Tnynl *iipr«- 
nincf in mntlun ci^cloDiniticnl, toiichod 
Uglilly but loTaliy on "Upply, ■tid (jratRfully 
ncknomliKlBPcI the frtffl L-ounH^ wIiicL Ler 
muJMty nlluwi^d to ibu HdmiiiititrBlioii of 
Justice, Tbc H[wi!ch introdui^eJ [n-lilionH for 
frecMJom from nrrMi, frwi acces* to niid cnn- 
Aiderale aiiilieni'n bv hi>r mnjo>ty, nii<l frr-n 
•pwch. I'lio tint llimn warn fp^nnliHl ; iIil- 
lut only Rlicited on intiointicm Ihal the 
commonn yrouU do welt to mvddle with no 
nffain of itatir but nucli it* might be rvfvrKd 
to ihi'iu by miriiiil«rK Th« revival, in de- 
fiant of tf]i» iiijunciioti, of lh<^ wbnlp ques- 
tion of thETi.'foiinnlinn of mtiginn nmlcbiirvh 
govornmi'iit oocnaionRd nii narty diHnlullon 
(20 May). An act (13 ICIit. c. 29) con- 
..^jniiiitC tilt chnrtf ri, libtrtiiw, and priTile([s«i 
~~* the univprnity of Cuiubndgu uwod itH 
iifft- UrRi-ly to Wwy's influence, for 
which tUi" tlifttiks of th.? tieimtt' were coni- 
municated to him by Inll.nr (S Jiin.-). 

Wrny win njipmiilrd on 14 Mny I'lTlJ 
jurtipc, nnd on s Nov. 1571 chit'f jurticf, of 
thRtiiU'im'j bDHch. Thu only st.nlf trinl iit 
which as piu?iiiL' hu l^uk pnrl. viai that in 
Triuily tiTtn 157^ of John Hall and Francis 
Rolsl'iii furcoijjiiiirBcy to eirt^ct tlw ndcase 
of Mar^ Quevn of Scotii. A* rhinf jintife, 
in addition to hi< ordinary juriadiction ho 
BX«raM)d functinnii of a ncinii'what miilii- 
farioui ehiifoctur. Jlf wu» n nn-'inlN-r of tlie 
commiuion (i])poititL'd on 1'3 Aprd IG77 lo 
ndjudirnti' un tlit^ rnlidilv of the election of 
John Undt-rlull (l.>i;<?-l.)!!2) fij. v.] lo the 
nsctorship of Lincoln CiiUece, (liford; nnd 
as aAxiotanc to ibn lloiiwof t.nnlRhn ndiiicfd 
on bdU, rof^ivftd pi-lition*, nnd on oni? 
ncciuion (H Kept. l.it<B) wan plnct-d on llio 
tinminiHion for its ndioummful. Ha win n 
atrontt ju(lij<-'> '"^o well kut^w hr.iw to sustain 
ths dignity of his udici'. and 8bowi<d a» much 
finuwaa in rvxiraining liy prohibition nri 
VXdtM of jnrifidiction on llio part of tlin 
OCclMiasticnl rnmmiuion in K>A1 an in 
onfnrcinK tho lawn a^fninit Ibc ti'clnrini in 
that nnd iiub«!c[ui-nl vnum [tee Hruwsk, 
itoHKKT; ("AHTWSiOHT.'TnoMis, l.>3o-l((0;! : 
nnd t'opns orCoppiso, John]. It waa not 
until lowBTflB the close of his lifu that Le 
WHS hiniwlf added to tlie eccleaiastical com- 
niinaiou (CbriHlma* l.'iSD). 

The principal >ilnt«i trinln over which hn 
prMidvd wnm thcur of (be puritan John 
Stnbbii or Stubb« [n, v.], tin- jpsiiit Kdmutid 
Campion [<). \.\ nnrt hiii harbourur, William, 
lord \'iiux (son of Thoma*, at'conJ baron 
Vniu of Ilarrowdvu [ij. v.]). and thu con- 
suiratun nf^iubl ih*^ life of the t(ueeu, John 
Somei^'illD [ij. v.] anil William I'arry (if. 




1 .58^) [q. v.] He aim jmided at the 
clinmhef inqiient by which <33 Judo 
tbt^ ■iiicide and iniaKini of the Barl 
NonUunibi-rlninl wptc piTtified [m* Pitiier, 
It B.vBr,nf;hthKiSI.oir North trKBi;Mu!ii)i- 
and wa» a lueuibLT rif the cummiiuiona which 
attaint*^ Xorthuaib(<rlaud'sBc<xiiiiplic(!,Wtl> 
liam.gnuidaon of Sir William Shelley fq.r.], 
and pniwd iwntnncs of death upon Antuony 
IlabinKton [n.T.] andhinaaiocistMfSejiteBi- 
ber Ifi^l). )l« wax pnunnt at Follierm^y 
Ks aaiieiMor lo the Iribunal bcforn trhich the 
Queen of Scuta nleadwl in vain for hnr life 
(14 Oct. ISdO), but appears tu huto token 
no part in ths uruc«rdiiiv«. He preuded, 
vinn Sir Thoraaii Bromley (l6aO-lM;>[q. v.]. 
alHient throiijih illneM, at the «ub*ef)u«ut 
trial in the .Sur-chnmb^r of the nnfi>nuiial<f 
aocrutnry of ttale, Wdlinm l)n»i«on [q. v.', 
whoae indiscreet luol he blandly cenmirrd 
a» ' boniim «ed iion ben<! * before pruoounctiix 
the riithlcMa«nlenceof ike court (:!^ March 
I.W7). Tholfwt Mato trialnin which h«'look 



I 



part wore tbo>n of I'hiIipHnwaTO,thirti>eQth ^H 
and of Sir John Perrot [t^. v.l on 27 April 



carl of Arnndol (q. v.], on 18 April IS89, 
rerrot [t^. v.l on 27 April 
1092. At a conferi'ttPU with k'la colleague 
in Micliaelinns term I'lW he initiated tha 
revision of tlio f>.>riu of commtHaions of (hu 
peace, thpn full of corruptiotis atid nxlun- 
ilanf^iRK. 

He died on 7 May I-WS, and was baried 
in the church of Gieiilwotth, Linc-oliwhilv. 
where, by the nid of (;rant« from ihn pro&in 
of the mint, he had built for htmsetf a nohUr 
tnansion, which was Ion;- the aeat of bia 
po*ti>rity, and of which a portion wa* niter- 
wards ineorporated in tho modem OI«nl- 
worlh Hall. I)y his will b« mlAhlisbed • 
dole for the inmatei of an almshnnie which 
liL- had built on the eflnte. A MMianx 
houwi at Spiltol-iu-l he-Street waa also built 
by him. 

W''ray was lord of the tnanon Brodsworlli 
and Cnsworth, Yorkshire, and of Aibby, 
Fillinghanl, U rain a by, and KMlllingtoil, 
Lincolnnbiro. His monument, a splendid 
•trueturo in a1ahn>tt-'r and othnr mnrbleiL, i> 
in the chancel of UlL-ntworth churrli. ' lie- 
juatua, nomine Tcrus,* to, in allusion lo bi» 
motto and with an evident pUy upon his 
name, he is characterised by (Ira inM.-ripiion 
Coke (Brp. iii. 2fl) prnises kia '^found and 
judicial hnowtml);^, aeeompani<<d with n 
ready and (iiigiilnr ciipnrity. ((ravn and (en- 
si bin elocution, nnd continual and admirabl<- 
pBtienca.' No lean eulofliitic, ihouifh leu 
wet^ktv, are the encomiums of iJavid I.lovd 
(Statp'H'iirf flirt, i. 'llJ") and Fuller (tfir- 
thUa«/ EnnUmd. ed. ICfii', p. -JOU). Their 
general occumcy is unques(ional>l« ; tud 



I 



t 



\\Vay 



J7 



Wray 



«urvive<l, living nboiit 11)31. The •on, 8ir 
Willimii Wray (IMn-IQI7), wu rrMted s 
bwMiuil nn '2I> Not. Iflll, nnil marrii^, flnt, 
in 1580, Lucy, elioitdaufrhtPT of SirKilwanl 
MonUgu of BounbtoQ, *i><n of Sitir ICdvurd 
MoDtagu f^' '•'0' "J whom hu wo* (nthcr of 
Sir John ^ ny [q. t.j ; and, wvnndly, nliimt 
1600,PrHDCM,<lauKlil>?rof Sir Willinm Drury 
oriIa»*t<id,Suflblk,«nil wiitowofSirNIcltiH 
1m Cliflbnl, bjr whom Im nnj fnth«T of 

SiicCuuiffTdi-aeK Wur (iaoi-I64«), of 
Aiihbv and ttarllon, Lincolnahirr, iMm in 
IfiOl.' naA kmj.'ljW (ni IS Nor. leSJS. 11* 
feui'cf^MfiLtly n"i«t«i] tli« levr of Aipmaaey 
In IC'^S, r>-pi»»«tiied Great Orinuby in the 
l^ng pni'ltitiii<rnt, wni d^'piily IJeutMiaat of 
Linoilnihlrt' uikIit thf militia nnlinancp, anil - 
co-opralfd in tiip SeU\ with John Hnt.haiaj 
[q, Y.] Ud waa nppoinii'd on I'l April IfUS'j 
commiuiuucruf thi.- udniirall^. mid on 1> DnCri 
fotluwin;; coiumi-ikiouiT ivaidroi vritli tbaj 
Scolli»h ii'roes hefor* NVwarli. flu died i 
8 Veh. Ifil5-ll, loBviiift br hit wifu AJIiinift^ 
(mnrrit^ on 3 Aug. 1633), danghur of Sir 
Kdnard Cecil (afterward* Bainn Cecil of 
I'utnrT and Viscount Wimblwltm), »ii unag 
aud six duui;hl<-ni [vt. Vxhb, SrK Ili:Nnr, 
Ihi." yonnjterj Tbu vldf-st sun, Sir Willinnt 
Wrnv, burt, (so rrwiiii'i] in June IWSO), diiil 
in Oi'tobiT llWn.li-nving, wiihotbor imuv by 
. .. -J ,.- hi» wifo Olvmpit. wpond dnaght«r of Sir 
7S9). Parlu«cipinioii>,DOIMofcMi'^ letter*, ' Uumpbr«T 'fiiftuii. butt..i>f 1'h" Motn, Kon;^ 
and otlier mitcolIanDOiiii iDmnins, we PnrJi'ii ' a soil. Sir (.'lirinlophcr Wrnv, hnrt.. wbn oa i 

the piliurtiou of xiiv male line of tbii oldor 
brancb iit tlir family aucotwdc^d in Wi'i to 
lIiH Gl'.-iilwnrlh ImroTieteT, and diod williout 
iuiUV in Aiiirnit lti70, (In th« death about 



tlwo^ll tfai> judicial murder of Cauipjon and 
tbn iniquiloiui wuitcnce on DaviKin show 
tbat in CTQirn rawn Wmr wa^ by no means 
loo ■crapuLoiu, il ii unfair to apply tbn 
muni standard of Ibt- uini'tccntb century to 
a jud)re of the Eli;lab(^1han ag^. 

Ofiirinal portrailH of Wray arr at Filliufc- 
bam Caxllo, t.incoluftbirv, aod Sluuingfonl 
PUk, YorkAJiiro, tha aeau of bis pruseot 
rrprRrniiatiTr, Wt. ifpjrnioiir Berkeley Port- 
man-ltallon, and at Trinity CoWi-ifi'. Cam- 
brid^. A "."opy of one of Ibe family pof- 
iTails, dutiu in the lifetime of Sir lircil 
Wray [q, v.\ is at Magdalene CoI]e|ie,Oira- 
brid^- Knprnvrd porlrails are in ihe 
llriti^h Muvnm, tbf 'Qeotlemon's Maga- 
tiiu(iaa'>, ii. ilOSf cf. I'A. 1)406, i. 116) and 
JMton'a ' Ilittury of tbn Wray« of Gl«nt- 
wortb'flSMi). 

Wray's judgmente and cborKcii are r»> 
conknl ID tli# repotts of Dyer, I'lowden, 
Cokp, and Crokv. Cobbotl's ' 8'tale Trials ' (i. 
I0e0-71,ni0 12,1238 ),andNi«.laa*s' Life 
ofI>STi9oa'(]>..'{27>. On«ofhi!i8peechKft~on 
acaUofwiiieBOtsinMieiiaainiaatiirm irjS— 
hsa be«npi««erTHl by Dujrdnlc! (0»x/. Juri4. 
1000, p. 332). Hi't iipeech to ihe ihronc in 
1671 naj be read in 8ir Stmundu LVKwm'i 
' Joitmttt of all tb«< Pariiainen<4 during th« 
Tt«ign of Qucnn KliMbelli ' (lU.^'.', p. 141), 
or in Oobbetl'i ' I'a/liament/iiv ITi«li>ry'(i. 



' (p. 107), I.'niver»itv 
Library Cambridge MS. Vx rr. i. f. 1%!'. 
T^n».lowne MSS. »8 IF. U>. CTj. HI. and 5U 
f. ."(7; Harldon AISS 01WI3 f. I'j;), OWl f. I'.l; 
Kft^oa MS. lm.1 f. ^o:, ■, AddlMonHl MSS. 
.-l&BIf. IK, 34070 f. I»; and Ei;»l. MSS. 
Contni. lib Itrn. Appi.np. L'I6, 2->l. Ilih 
Kep. App. vii. 306, l?th lUp. \m. iv. BO, 
141. ■-»<. 163. Ulb Uep. App. vlii. L'S? ; 
CaleDd«TorCeuil)ISS.Dt.ii.pp, 136, l.T".SOy. 
By hi* wife Anne, lisaghlcr of Nidiulaa 
(iirlington of Xormnnby, Yorki-bire, Wray 
bad irnm ■ ton and two daiiKhlerii. The 
i-lder daughter, laabe!, marrioif, Hn-l, (iod- 
fre.T roljimba of Aldn-niliP. Vorkchin', and 
Walluo, Derby hIiIiv. who diixl on 14 June 
lOOS; MOondlv, in or before 1000, Sir Wil- 
liam Itowna, w1[)o sucMvded his uncle Ilobi^n 
BowMt \n. T.I in ihti Scottixli t'uibuuv, and 
died on 30 ()ct. leil ; thirdly, on 1 May 
1017, Jottn. brd Darry of .\»ton, coiti- 
monly called Lord Darer of iLb North. Sht> 
di«d oa I^ Feb, ltil>3. (Wiice*, th'^ ynuniieT 
daughter, tnsn-ied, lint, in ISt^, Sirtieorvte 
Sunt l^ule, barf. (*o created on i'i June 
1611), of SnaHbrd, Lincolnshire, who died 
09 S9 Oct. leiS; MKindtr, on 21 Dec. lUlU. 
Sobert ilicb, carl of Warwick, whom aha 



March ItiS.vfi nf hi« only mirviving brother 
and fnrceaot in title. Ait William W'ray, 
bnrt., the junior buroaetcy becamn extinct- 

SihDbcrv WRAT(10S3-I7i0). third «ml 
of Sir ChriBlopher Wrav ( lOOl -IKMI), by hial 
wrf« Albinia Cwil, born on SO July I(J3», 
olitaiiK'd in 11)74 Kninia ofland in tli« coun- 
tio*of I.imorick and Ttpperary, which he fot-j 
feitoil by hii Inyally to Jamr* 1], on whOMj 
Kidc he fuutjlii at tlw hatllo of till* lioyne. 
tIeBiicceedudhiiiuephew,Sirliapti>t Kdwnrd 
Wrttv,a« niuth baronet of Gleutwurth about 
ItVsttlsnd diednn ;)00ct, 1710, leaving, with 
f<ima1i' iiuuf liy Im wif^i Anne, daiifriiler of 
'I'hnninx ('oiiry of llnthrannon, co. Linierickri 
two *»n>, both of whom diid without issus 
after miccmdinntolho hnronci tcy,lheyoung?r. 
Sir Cecil Wray. the eleventh baronet, on 
y May 1730. having acituin<d by enlnil the 
Glentworth and otbc-r estates. Thelillu&nd 
estates thus pawed W .Sir Drury Wraya 

Cd-nfTihnw, Sir John Wray. hart., of 
infffbrd, Yorkihire, liither of Sir Cecil 
WmyCq. v.] 



\V>ay 



78 




^ 



(Lincoln'! Ion A^id. B'g. >. KS, n»l Idai^k 
RoaU. L 3Pil. 3»0. :i3S, 34», 3J!M: C»l. ^i(nl« 
Paptn. Dom. I.V4I-B'i; «lh Bip. of tiorVpaly- 
E^pir o/thol^lil^ Ktvonl*. Apjh ii. !'»-«^; 
ItnM'* PoMbts. (d. SMHlpram. it. 773: C«). 
ChBM. PMCMdliw* (mix.}, iii. :>tA.387 . Llmntv 
Coma. SSiid Rip. pi. ir. pp. 412. IAS ; Cako'> 
lBtfitiitM,iit.ir.p. ITI: J>ae<liil(^« diroa. Sw. 

SL 92-4 : BcKnllr'a Book of Kniglii* ; Af>:l»i">- 
gia. li. ii. III. lOi'i. ili. 389; Moimi .Actt 
CaD«Uari>, p. 4t4: Juiim'i Isdex to Rmmk. 
calM Urigiaalia nuil XtBUmnit (1793) ; 
Sterp'* MamonHliof (be Kcbdlion ia IG09, p- 
SSA; Ctuntn, Junrn. I. 8!: Annljt. Icdax to 
RdiDmibrnMia : Mnni>ii<itl>'">>'* I'i*T (('■■nidca 
Kor.); Camden Misc. ii,.-LFtltnfrointb*Bi»tiop* 
tailw Prit; Cnuncil. ia04.'p.3T: Ckrlnnglit'i 
CIttpiera ot lb« HiWiry of Vorkibirr, p. flO; 
IJ'Ksm'i Jaannils of hII t)j» Parlumidicn dnriiig 
tb" It*i£n of Qavon ElinWth. pp. 312. 323, , 
S4£, 3TT. 430^ Pn'itDB LaDrwIriE, ii. 308: 
Coqf*t'iAiirjil«nr Cnmbri'Jtisii, 4i)0-ID. 193: < 
Stiype'a VTotkii ; Actaof thn Privr Cuuiti:il, nant 1 
Mr Till. r\\. ot «oq, ; t"»l. Inner Temple Kftxinlii, r 
i. 4M;Sart«]«'*1)uTluim, ii. 223-G; rUutn^cnet 
Biirriiios'iiY'itksliire.p.ISi Allona Linculnitliin. 
IL 38; Lodge's Illuilinlioni of Briliih llinturj, 
ii. ZS1: I.rLtnd'a ColItcULiiea, ed. II«arne, v. 
StI ; Carndfn'- Britiwolii. ad- OduoIi, ti. 1S>. 
300; Nicholi'i Profcr. Etii. ii, 49S. Janaa I. 
ti, IS.l; Walpole'i ,\no.-di)Wa of PaiDlinf. t^l, 
Wnnuni : Cuurt. aixl Tinw nf Jamaa 1, 1. 4(9 ; 
Wotton'» ItiiroDHage (1?41>, i 242; Bark*'* 
Kiliiii'l lUTtinttaRe: Ctnppr^R All)Mi»Oinlat>r,; 
Foh'h LiT*a of ih« JodgM.] S. M. R. 

WRAY. DANIKT, (1701 -I "8:1), nnti- 
qunrv, hiirn on 3f- Nnv. I'OI in ihn pnriiU 
of St, Itjlolpli, .\ld<T»gBln,wa»tlioji>un([c*t 
child of Sir Dnni.'! Wmv (rf. )719). a Lon- 
don piliion nnd sunp-biiiltT rtiiidiiijr in Little 
Britniu, by bis wrcoiid wlfv. Iliii fiitLer vthb 
knifcliU'il on :{1 March 170?-^, while higii 
aberil)* of Eewx, wber« he poMeswil an «Atjtie 
nMr lDg&t(«tan«. At tboageof thlrlei'ii the 
•on WM rocoived at Clurt«rhoiun na a. day 
Kbolv. In 171S h« niBtriculntRd froiii 
Qnwiia' (IiiIlc(to, Cnmhridtfr, Hmdantinft 
n.A. in 172L». nnd M.A. in U'Ji*. Belircen 
ll'I'I nnd lTi!8 hv puid a prolimgrd rinit tu 
Italj III thv comjiau]' of JauiPB DnuglnH 
(Bftenrardafourteenth Earl of Morion) 'q, v.' 
On IS HsPch 1798-B lin wfia admiitetl a 
fellow of ihn IWnl SoriHT, and on l>t June 
1731 hn waj inror|>ornIoii at Oxford. He 
rctidi'd Kcacnilly at Oombridp! until 17S1I 
or 17-10, but nflcT U'inp; clrrtcd a fellow of 
th» Soci<-ty of Autiquarie* iu Januarv 1710- 
1741 ho Iwcaiue a mora babilual n'8id«iit of 
London, lodRinj; nt tlio honse of Arthur 
iPond [q- v.], ihi; [iniiitiT nnd nntrraver. At 
•. lM«r data ho rcmciv(^d to loilgin|ci nt Kinh- 
mood, and nfttr his oiarriut;r? took a houw 



g (bom may be inea^— 
rider [q. v.i WaH 



:*M 
^ 



in town, fini in Kin|[!!ir«4,Cfln^l Cionlea. 
and aflonrarda in Duhc Stn-vt, l^ho, and 
another at IliebmomL 

la 1737 Wray bcc«jn« acqnunted with 
Philip Yorkp (afterwsrtla aecumd Earl of 
ilardiVBcki.-) [q. v.^, attd a fri«ndsUip grow 
up b«twMa tliena wbieh wasonlvmminat^d 
br Wr«T'« death. In )7'll Pfailip and hia 
brother, CbarlM Yorkn {i7;i2~I770) [n. r.], 
bn}ii{[1)t out the SnI rolurai! ot the ' Ath»> 
nian licttcr*/ to which Wrav ronlriboled 
undue tbe aiftnaturo ' W.' In 1T45 Pliitip 
Yorku ap)K)inIt<d Wray hia deiiuty tvUer of 
the riHifjii'-r, an office which he CDRttnu«d 
tuh'<)d until i'f^^. 

Wmy hnil numy friend* amoti); hi* liti^rary 
ConlrnijMimrim. Among (bom maj' be nien^ 
lionM lli-nry Corcntiy 
Williiini Hehaden the r 
liam Warbortou [q. v.\ Conyeta 
[q, r.], and Nkholat Harding [q. v-] He 
waa a derotfd antiquary and eollfctor of IW 
booka,*ndon 18 Jnna'liOS waa apoointod 
on* of tli« twutaaa of th* Britith Hnacum. 
Ila pnawMcd tha gift of attracttBg and 
aMdiilinfi Toimger mint. Among ihdM wl 
eon^idend tlicaiiaelna (pocjalljr md«bud 
him TtBTv Fiancia Wollaslon [a. v.}, Qe< 
Hanlinf^ [q. T,], and WilliHm llebcrdcD 
yoiiuger [o, v.] 

Vinj di.-d on '29 Div.. 17R». and wu 
bnri«d in the- chiircli of St- Uotolph Witboi 
whero tham is a tablrt to bis inrn:orT. 
married Marj- (rf. 10 March l«Ki). d^ugh 
of KubcTl Itarell of If iobiDoad, Surrey. 1 
portrait by Sir Nathaniel UoUand was pi 
sented by hia widow to Qncend' Colli 
Cambridge. Another, nitnafnl by Il« „ 
Meyer (Vora a painting by Naltmnicl Dance, 
fortn* the froniiiniac* of tho £nt volitnw of 
John Nichola'a ' 1 jlL-rary Illiulraliocv.' A 
copy of I'anctr'* pi>rtrait bvJohn i'oweU waa 
preM.-nt«d to the CliArirrhooao Uhmy, Id 
tlw ' Liletvrr IlluMralion* ' then u an vti' 
eniTing by lianik LongmAt^ of a profileof 
Wray cot out in fuip<rr by hi* wiff, aaid ta 
be a remarkable likcaria. and a copy of a 

troHle in bronif tiecuteJ iu llontc by O. 
Vxjto iu 17^ His library waspnwenl 
by hii widow luCharterhoiiaein li>>i>, aai 
' L'alalogue ' van printed in ITDO, 8vo. 

Though Wray wrote mnch, he pnbUabi 
littlein hisliff'limc. He cnntribat«d thna 

KjHirs to the fint two volunM* of' ArduecK 
pa'onclnssicnl antiquities. After hisdnth 
()«irj^' llardinsi.- compiled a memoir to ao- 
comjHiny D colh-ction M hia%■eta«a■ndcom- 

rnd«nce,whil.■l1bepubIi»hl^ in IBl'in 
t volume of Literary 11 Inatnl ion*,' 
a dodicotion to Philip Y'orii*, third earl 
llntdwickn [q. v.) Fifty COpM of ibt " 






Wray 79 



Wray 



mnir worn Mpnnitelf printod Tor private di*- 
tribotKMi. 'IwinnnnPlJi toWiay byTliOiiiM 
Edirarda(I6U»-17aT) [<].¥.] Kppwr in Ui<* 
]»U>r (dttionii o( tMwanuV'CMioasaf Cri- 
ticinm.' IlardiiUK (I«dsrv* i.lml a Hinii«( by 
Kichkrd ttoderioii [q. v.], piinlod in KoIh-H 
DoAAwj't 'CoUeclinn of i'ai\mii' (ed. IT'o, 
it 3^1), and n^a in 'KUf^ant Extrac*la,' 
oditn] by Vicodmni Knox [ij. r.I (vd. 1786, 
p. 8Se). !■ olio •ddr««ii (o Wriy, liut thy 
idcBtiGcalion MWms duublful. 

Wnj u one of tliuM who haro bwn 
identified with Juntnt. la If^O 3am<-» 
Falconar pohlidied an inKmioiiii work nn- 
titUii ■ Tb» S«cn< RoTcalcd,' in which hi? 
made nnt ■ plnurible ouk- for ihi> idrntificB- 
ticm. An exnoiinatian of hii eviJeiici-- bIioavb. 
bowevcr, that it in uiitru«tin>rlhy (of. Aufra 
and t^eriet. 2ud wr. ii. HM, -JI2). 

[^fitboli'i LiL Illt»tr. i. I'leS. 616-39, li. 
ST. WC. 130. 130, iii. 41. i*. 914^7. viii. 408; 
N;<ltolK'* Lil. Anrcd. ii. 411-:!. 712. vii. lie. 
Till, aw, ii. 415, lM»; ChHlnur*'* K>i«r. Did. 
l817:Fi»l(r'iA1amaiOxuii. I7li>188e^ 0«nt, 
Hag. 1779 p. lau. i;S3 i. 303. 1784 1. 73. ll 
667, 178S >, XI7. li. 612. ess. 180.1 i. 6(il: 
WheatUy and Ounniniibiun't London fiui and 
Pmmm. 18U1. i. 1136, Tbomum'n His), ef the 
Jtdjal iiiM. Ap|i*ndix. p. xiiriii ; Miinning mid 
Brav'a Uitt. uf Sunvv, 1814, iii. 137.) 

i:. I. f. 

WHAT. StR JOHN (l.W6-lfi-"i>, farlia- 
menianaa.i'ldirn i«urviviiigannofSirU lllirun 
Wp«v[ii« nnil^r Wmv, Sin ('niimrn'KER] 
ofGUntirorth.hv his tint wifn, Lupy.rldusI 
daofthtcr of Mr KUwnrU .Moniafni of lt()uj;h- 
tOKjWaiboniin lwt>6.andapi^t rhi'IntMhive 
jear* of hia minorilT in fucvigii I mvul. Tlo 
wM blighted at Whitehall oti 7 Jun^ 101'^, 
•nd aiicewded to (he barofielcj on 1<1 \\>x. 
1617. TIoraDraMBtedlliacoiinlTof Lincoln 
in ifac fint, tkird. and fourth pnrlintuirnii nf 
Char!n> 1 and thr l>onj[ parlinmcnit. While 
twn'mg thv odin' of high Klivriirof l.incolu- 
»fatra be waa placed (Ifi Feb. IC^<l-7lmi (he 
rnmwifrtinn for niainK the fon'ed l^nn in l.linl 
cnnnlj. He dncliaed to act iindrr Ihn com- 
iMinion, to ocntlribata to the loan, or to five 
a^cdfilr for hia appoaiwien before thi.- (coun- 
cil, aiui laffi-ml in oooMiqueiice s trmi «f im- 
priMiomcnt in ihe GatekouM [am Darnell, 
niKTiiOMU^ He alaomadv Gefniill in ioit- 
mcntof Bhipii>otie7(Uan;li]tS.~(5>4). H*'ma>t<' 
B certain figure aa a snaloiv jirrahvlirinn in 
the ShoM narlianwit (Hart. MS. rim, f. 9» ; 
A-Uil. .ir.S:Bin,f. S.t>andinEhpcnrlil.■rae• 
Wl«0 nf the l.iong pariiamonl i*vF ihv liil of 
hi> printed Bpivebea, infrn). I!p mflved tht 
• protnUltOD ' (SMair IM 1 ). KubMribcxI 000/. 
to (bo war fund (9 April ltfl2), eud look 
the covcMBt (23 Sept. 1043). He was a 



man of weight in Ibe ' eastern nMo'iiitnn ' 
(«• VrBwrelFt SpmAet and Jjltrr/, cA.j 
Carlyle, App. No. 6), and in tin- propoiitioD 
euhmittod to Iho king iii July \(iW wWl 
nominated one of Ibe conferfalon of ihr 

rc« with Scotland. On ih«ir n>jrction 
tvtirod fniBi political lifo. tfo died in 
UiiMinber 1666. 

Wray waa inio of tbo psrly pnlPmi» of ICd- 
tvard ffainbowe \n. v.] Hi* pn-ibrt4-riRiiii.m 
waa appaieatly uutiiiged with republienn* 
tHoi.and, allhniitrh he uppmved th'.- cwcu- 
tion of StmtTWrd and I.hikI, he waa oot piv- 
nari'd In to,T\r out Ihn winsn meMUTO to the 
kiiiH. liy bin vifc (marriod in SMlombor ' 
I ItSOT) tirinillu, only dnughlw of Sir lln^^ 
Bt-llii-'U of Ellrrli>n. Yor^ahitv. h« had, witk^ 
ei^'ht daiifthl'ir^ fnee lIoTHtu, JonX, d. 
1K45], four enn*. Hi* hair. .Sir John Wray, 
bart., cnplnin in ihn parhamenlary anny^ 
and mem Iwr for I.incnlnihint in Ihvpnrlia- 
nif-nt of IBr)4 5. died in 1l»l, luTinj} 
miuried, liMt, HIiabvth, widow of Si? 
Sivonds D'BweH Tq. v.] ; and. «i!pondly, in 
t6tll, Sarah, dauguter of Sir John Krrlyii 
of West Dealt, Wiltshire, Hiii sole sur- 
viTJog iMQe nni> n diin^hti>r by liia second 
wife,K1iiahcth,wif<iof S'irholnnSniioderaoiiij 
eldoKt Mnnf Gcior;jte,liR.h TinrDiinlCnittetoa 
On h«r death without lorriving iiuiiui lh»^ 
(ih-ntworth estatm pmwd bv rntnil to her 
n''Xl heir male. Sir CtH'il Wray. eleventh 
ban.<nH.[eeeuDd(ir WKAr.SlKCiiKiSTDriiEK, 

\yet sir John Wraj'i iipr«c}i» in Ihn Long 

fatliaiiieni m Rui>li»»Hhi IliMoriral C<4l«e- 

tians. III. i. 40. 240 i NalBona Collection ef 

Affiiirt of Stnto. pp .>32-3. MB. 791. IM. 790, 

son; I'url. nim. i(. 671. ;(i7. 711. 776, "uJ 

, King's Pamphlet's lfllO-1. 1^ IM .Vox. 10-17; 

night Occiuionul Sp^fhvs tnadr in (ho lloua 

of Oonimonn ihi» PnrlLnni-nt , mil — (1) tnn- 

wriiing rtiligiiin ; (3) upon tlii' inni* "ulyiil ; 

, (3) upon diamuuiiliiiu of ll>(< cimnoos; (1) upon 

I iho Scat'?!! IrcBty: (J) uj-io tho inipiMii'liinAnt 

(6) upou tlie SlnlTor'itHii knut; (7) upon tbo 
inmi> Bubjecti (H) a HiutonaUa motion for a 
loyal ooTDnanl : aim K I!)8 No. 8 nnd R IfiQ 
No. 27: A Worthy Sppn-li jpolmii in Pwlia- 
nitnC, Nuveuibel tli* 'rhirli»nlli, cuuMmiog 
Kpiscopol Auclioriiy ainI lordly primni^y of tho 
lliibop* in thi!«e our Timcn (rf. Ciinitir. Univ. 
].i1>r. yiH. Mm \i. 10. nod llitf. M-SS. Comm, 
lOth Rep. App. ir. ii. 41. 131h Kvp. App. i. 33). 
Somo of iho tpoefhei "re K^riiilol in wfento 
by Ilnlion (Wrnyn of Glcntwonh. i. 156 •I feij.) 
8n hI^o Cil. !4uii> P'lpFr*. Dnm. 1 803-10 p. Via. 
1627-8 p. 81. 1831-3 p. 61). Ii1»3-1 p. 408. 
1«3.Vllpp.2««-»,3Sl. 11138-9 pp.HO, 171,'ilJ, 
:2fl, VU, Ifl4fi.7 p. 3S1 : ItjtiisrV Fallen, 
n\. :^iindi*rMti, ZTiii. 841: Meli-uUV'n Boci of 



Wren 



80 



Wren 



3 



Kniclita.pp. 163, IBl: Offidal RMorn of M>niti. 
of Furl.; RiMbworth'B Hut. Colt. 111. i iU. 
SU, IT, i. ni3; WliiUtockc'a Mom. (KSS), 

K, 31. H>, ISt. ^9i ; IIiHt. MS.H. C'lmm. I'Jih 
p. App. ir. 1S3. (71. 13'^ ili-p- App. i. 23. 
AS. Utii Bcp. App. TJiL 379. aS3; Thurloi>'» 
XInl* Cupurs, i, 7B ; EtoIjii'ii ['jury. 23 Miirch 
181ll«t>eil; Kiirkii'n RiT.im-l liHrani'tHit"; Onl- 

tein'» Wtnji. of Ulaoiworili 1 J. M. It, 

WREN, Sia OIIKISTOI'IIKU (loaa- 
I72S), nrcliiltt't, boni at Kast KiioylH.iii.-ar 
Tinburv. Wiluliire. un L'l) fX't. I«S3, was 
•onof fclirinlojiher Wri'H (l*itfl-lWi8),Teclor 
of But Kuojl-?. Til" fHiliiT.son <irFrBtici» 
Wren, a Ijnn<lr>n mxrrir, wna riliicatnd at 
Mcrclinnl Tnjlor*' ndiool (1801 fl) nnd St. 
John'* (.'ol|pj[i>, (Jitoni. Hi- w-n» n well* 
known clprtrymnn.nctin); nscUBiilain auctt-B- 
Nivvly to Bisliijp Jjuiici-'lut Autln'H'<^8 [q. v,J 
and lu CLnrlcA I. U« became rector of FonN 
liill. Wiksbirn, ill leaO, and of ICant Knnyin 
iu US23. Siiliuiqiii-ntly, on 4 .\pril 163.% lie 
wi>» inBlBlldd dcim of Witidmr, in luccnakm 
lo liis oUli-.r brolliirr. Mnillicw W'lvii fq.v.], 
bishop of IlrrL'furd, Norwivb, uiid Ely, nod 
Itnld that di|nii<y till bio dcHtli. In KHM 
be vaa tiao appuiiiled dean of tbecollegiuto 
cburcb of WolT-'rbaninttm anil rector of 
HaMli-y. Oxfordfibire. I|pdi<-dal Dli'tctilni;* 
(loo, OxfunUbirp, nn Lf May lUot^. Tbe 
(Lrc1iit«clV moihcr. Mnry. (Imnililfr of Itobcrl 
Con of l-'ontliill Abbi-y, died when be was 
Tory young. Tlie i?iaet dule lias uol been 
recovered; iliui nbe livei!, however, ai ltui»l 
two yoara after bit blrtb ist evident from the 
buptisiual r<>(i;i»i«r at ICiut Knovln of \ipt 
dauehter Klmnhntb. Iioni -'d l')t«. I((31. 
The Wy'« fatbor lived to belp acid wnleb bis 
prti^^rRHi for Iweiily-iix yearn, uud an elder 
iiiiitiT ti'ok ibe inot tier'b [itaci-. He whs alto 
from ibe firrl vrjry jotimate willi liU r.oiiMn, 
MallbeivWrei^njonoftbi- liialiopl^aci- iindnr 
Wbes, Matthew]. 

li\'bBr Wrc-n wa* rli'vim year* old Iiin 
»i«tM Hn«an marriod W'llliuui Holder [<j.v,] 
ihp malbiMiiotieiniL, u*bo uuderlook (lie iri- 
•truction of bis nepbew 111 ibat bruiicli. 
UuritiK bin boyliooil Wren'* coimlilution 
wai very Jelicnle ; bo ^'ow tip tbort in 
•tature. Al ninn ycnm of age, nftiT pre- 
liminary inBtniriion from a ]irivate tutor, 
he WBB split to Weill mi lister scbool, then 
iind«r Dr. Busbv. At WeoltninBter Wren 
learnt to wrili.' Latin veil, and after «ti1y 
one yrar'ii residenee be »ej<i a letter to bis 
fat Ikt good bolb initBklini'y and in its Alia! 
MntiincnlB. Iltil it was lo itntural ic^inmr 
and nialliomalio that lu- n~a% crbiKlly dniwn. 
Some eNtnnl Latin vi^ni-a nddruHseJ to bin 
Stthor in 1645 sbow in elt^iint Ovidian 
metre bis prcdik-clion for uslronuinical re- 




Bearcti(i^mir'(/ra,p. I8J). In iatit,nt tbs 
a^nf fourth!), hr>Ie(l Wiwiniinsler. In ibe 
inlerval bclwiwn Inaiinj; Bcbool and ipiinii lo 
collecp be- wan chnmai by Ur. TarUrwardi J*ir 
(.'harlea) Scarburiib ;q. v.] aa bis antnitauli^H 
demunsi rating and luaking analoioical pr-*~^| 

iiarutioiu aud various experiments (*i. p. 187) 
or billed ures oil anatoBiyatSuif««iH Hall. 
Sliorlly afiiTwards be was reenmiDnndnd lo 
William Oiicbtrrd [i). v.] to tramlalc into 
Irfitin bis work on goomotricAl diaUintr- t>n 
^ June IBI» or IttOO ha wu i-mcn-'l al 
Wadbain C<i1le){H aaiHl]ow-coiniiioner(U. B.^_ 
QlBDUntn. £e;r. <(f HWAan, i. ITS). ThvjH 
uaaterofibe college was John Wilktnsfq.T.li^H 
aftanmrds bishop of Cha»t«T. At Oifor.I 
Wren joined a iMcicIy of pbilotophiral in- 
(|iiirpr»witbvfbom hu fully lytnpntliiH-d. and 
H-itbwbom be eondiicli^ uiiitiy valuable px> 

Serimeiits bt-tween lUl'taad liUKJ. He e 
uatrd R.A.UI1 It) March 16uU-l,aad M. 
on 11 Dec. IdtS. Shorily before the 1 
dai* bn was alecled fellow of All Sniil 
l^olli>j(R. He rcaidod rhom till 1657, aainl 
i-ntrofied in wientifie atudy and csperimcni. 
Iu tbnt year UV-n, bi-in(t then iwenly-firB 
yean old, sueeeedtd Lawrence Rooke il- t.] 
IU the chur of a^irouomy at. Oreaham Col- 
in^, London. His rooint at (ireshsiB Col- 
Irjin soon became n inrctin^-place of thoca 
nii^n of npii'iico who suhxeiiiicrntly fonadi 
tbu ItoYol t^ouiety. 

On o Feb. ItWO 1 Wn-n was plotted Sovi 
lian profeBMir of aatronumv at Uifurd, an 
be then r««if^ed hi* cbair i^u rireaham Col 
lejjre and hit fellowship at. All Soiila'. I 
16(S1 Wmn graduated ti.CI.. at OalbH, 
LL.U. at ('ambrid^o. llemtaincd thnSavi 
lian ]irofeiuor>]iip till 9 March ItiTS, bui 
before that dat« be bad br^i-ly abnndoi 
science for tlie praetwe uf liia prvfeonoa of 
arclii lecture. 

\\'ren'» fame rests chieflv on his ardiilaQ- 
turn! acbicvi-nipnli ; but hBilhis phil04aiikic*l 
pursuits not bc^i-n inlcrfnnid witli by tM aV 
»orbini( nork of tho arduoua profoMioa to 
which be devoted hinuelT in later life, be 
could DUl have failed of MOUring a icientiSu 

fiositiou higher than was attained by any of 
lis contemporaries, with of ourae om ei- 
C'^tion—Ncwton. Iteforn ha bccam* an 
architect ho was acdaimi-d as a prodi^ 
n^nsonorbiascientilicattuinmctita. In If 
Imwc Barrow [t).v.], on bt^cominfi profn»or 
of Eeotnetrv al (.IrMham Colletie, (poke ■ 
Itis Latin inau){ural oration of Wr«D. tbu*; 
' As one of whom It was doubtful wbetber 
bn was mn*t to he contnif^ndnd for tile divine 
felicity of hi* lioniiu or for ibn iweet hnma- 
niiy of liii diKpositian — form(.-rly, a* a bo; a 
prodigy; now, n«a manamimclc, iiBy,«VBO 



I an , 

6Ss^H 
uor^l 

e in ^M 




Wrea 



St 



Wren 




•oouching ftuperbamui ! ' The jwtification 
of tki* cukiftT rwU nn wbu ho did dnring 
tbe drsttliiiijvi'nnoriiii lifn. \piirt fMin 
more iuvpuilu work, bu cuntributiid whuii 
•ornly nioFiwn years old to tbn ' I'mlu- 
gaateoA' of the &llh wlilion of UclvicuH'a 
'ThMitrUDI Ifisloricuiu,' jiublisbinl in l(ii>I, 
■ UawiMoD the Juli&ii ura, whicli i« Mill 
ludul. Wlii-D tvcDif -oiM> j-Miis olil he bud 
n&de cluborati' dmwinp to illiutnlc Dt. 
Tbomw WiUia'* worboo ihi! ' Analom}^ of 
tb* Bnin ' (ft. p. '£37). llu wm booh.- t™is 
tik«nTftnl( ipccially tiMiuMted by Ciiuilea II 
W pMp«j« eome dravin^ of Jumcu uicro- 
Mopodly nnlargrd. Tins talent of tine uid 
•ccQnli' dmwinj; moM hntn btwri of gnwl 
uotr to bim in tbu pmfou'ioii which bn iiubMv 
qaentlj kdopicd, and indeed may hnr,'. hail 
much todowitbbisdioanDffit. 'Wiibntfi- 
TWtM to bt&tkUl in ibLs and in e^tptTiuuMilal 
iMAaipalalion, Iloobti whim of Wreu in 
tbe pnTmec to hi* ■ Micnigrapbia : ' ' I iiiu»C 
kSnii tbat linC" thv limu of Arcbimi^dM 
ibera Maroc ctvr tnol in oimi man in to groat 
t, M9r«etian tncb a mcnbniiicDl bond and «o 
pluloKipbie a mind.' I'robahly about tbo 
MBla penoil hv invtnred the pluiling instiu- 
whicb, * being drawn tiy » bw*.* over 
lOgbod and harrowed, uiall plant com 
iy ud wilhout irai>t(>,niul a (uetliod of 
mahingfrrabwaternt un'ii'^.pp. IKin. nnd 
100), and pmdured hi> clmrly i-.vpUiiii'd 
and illiwlnlod Bclicnic for ibi'{[rai>bli:iilci)n- 
MnictioD of tolur and luiiiu' cdipsca and 
oeeultation of etar*, wbii'h wui nfterwnrils 
pnblUlwdinieKI in Sir Jonas Mouk'b' Cis- 
tern of Mailwmslic*.' p. *i3X About Hi'S 
ho ao)r«d a problem nropriMnl by I'ikichI lo 
Uw RMOelAn of Kngliind. and n>torted by 
wn Ju i^ a chaUcnpt to the I'ichl-U lavanU ~ 
MMwlucbliadarieifially been iuucdbyKcp* 
ter, and which Wreu hail bimwlf sulvuil. 
Tbit cballctiin' wa« not ao»wen<d. 

Four tmcls on thi" nrclold by tt'n-n were 
puUiabedbyJobn Wnlli»(ICIii-l70:l)|'q.v.l 
in ISbS among bia '3(albninntii!itl Worlu 
(•Ml. 633), wbicb Wrrn bod cumniimiailud 
to hJm ; one of then? whb Kegiter's prublif'Ui, 
whieb Wnii bad «oIwd by uieuiut of a cy- 
doid. Tbcao tn«ts on tLe cycloid shnw 
Wren'a powerful handling of the old geo 
meUy. DemoawtntioDii of thin curve arc 
given which ate now conaidercd to b<i propur 
lyoctfi fur the dlSerentia] calcului; but 
'tod'k Rolationa preceded bv many yeufn 
• jpublicntioD of Newlun'n duxions ur tbe 
equivalent method of Loibnitc It is luucJi 
to be wiibcd that mmv r^ords bad buoii 
piniuted of W'rrn'ii |;r-o(nolrical dcniODatra. 
tktu. Thi- lew tbat do pxiat qnilo juilify 
NnrWn'a high opiniom (qaotca botow) of 
TOL. am. 



i 



! Wrcd a* a geoaetricion. llooke in hicd 

I 'Comcta* prtveri'ei a beautiful gonmetrical 
method of Wrcu for one of the mops in ihn 
);rapLicBt determiiiutiun a( a cumet'a path 

1 (weUiediafMmaiidtvxi.EuiBsApp.p.tIO). 
Wmo awins to havu lakuu verj litlla 

I poina to tncum for hiuuidf ilie Dieril of hid ' 
vorioui' Invrutiona, iind it wna generally I 
believed thai Henry Oldenburg [ii-t.I, th« 

, wcivinry to tbti itoyal Society, WAa in ibii 
habit of conimuuiculiiiji Wren'* invention* 
to his friends in Orrmuuy, who putsed them] 
off for Ibeir owD. It is tlirouKu Flnuuteed 

I that wn ar» enabled lo give Vi rcn the nedit 
of hi* method of graphical construction of 
«obir edipMM^ and it ia tbrouttb llnnko that 
wo leant of biit geometry retpiTcting tho 
oumet'spath(Ili>OEE,i^MfAu»ioiu H'oi-A-* p. 
lOJ). 

Wbile Wtf^n Wttstlillsl Oxford, be initi- 
ated Mme experimonia (n-v Botle, U'</rla, 
i. -II J Winn, /.irfa,p. 97)on tlxesubjectot, 
the variations of the baiumotrr, to t««t ibcj 
opiniuDof Ueseurlei that Ibcy wore rniiwd by 
tbe action of the moon. UbMTvatiniit for Iho 
Mime purpose liadtukeu place near Clermont 
in France, at tlie iiistani'e of E'ascal, about i 
tt'D years earlier ; but the iimclical uHe ufTbo I 
instrumrait a* connected wiib I be iv-atherj 
is Bltributud to Wren, and waa to r»ci>rOud itt < 
n meeting of tbu Iloyal Society in FVbniara | 
lOTW (nee tUo Dvrham'n luwounl of Iloukna 
clperimcnts publiabcd in li-'O). About tbe 
name date he miuJe vxpi<i'im«nls which led 
him to the in«intion of a method for the 
transfuaiiin of bloo<l from one atiinial to 
another. Tbia appear* from alctlerof IJnyle, 

' dated HW>, in which bu spi-aka of the 
experiineiita 'ilarled by Wren ai Oxford 
ubuiit nix yeara agauc. brng before otiiera, a* 

, we know, thought ofi^uch a thing.' At tbn 

I time very ^rnat ivaulta were expected from 
tliis invention; nor ia it now entindy ob»o- 

I lelc. Anatomical and medical luMectsseeni'i 
tp luLYelalwayti-neaged much of Wivn** at- 
teuliun. To this he may have been U>d by 
eyuputhy with his sister Mn. Holder'* pur- 
suits, who was vtiry ftkitful, aud ia even laid 
to have cuivd Oliarlea II of a hurt in hia 
hand (t'liii.UHOHie, p. 1'21), and lo his own 
experience as dtunon»t rating naftist.anr To Ih, 
Scarburjfb. A)!ain,hia cousin. Thonia« Wren, 
a, sun of Biiihup Mallbuw Wrnn, \ra» in hia 
earlier years a practising physic ion. Wtiatao 
trad of Wr«nliitnsi>ir liciniir busied with an 
invention for purifying nod fumigating sick 
TOOina {I'arentalia, p. 2I3J. Twelve piiffsa 
of the 'I'ari-ntnlia' (pp. 227-.TO) are de- 
vole<l lo Wren's anuiomical and m^^dical 
DursuitB. A iitudy which greatly occupied 
Wreii'a thoughts from bis college days even 



Wren 



8i 



Wren 



In rlif ■'Oil of )iu lifi! vrat ihn be^-t molliod 
i>f finding the Inn jii tilde ftt »n (i6. p. 246). 

Wren** itinuffural omtinii ■ddn-HRd lo tbu 
mirmlicn o( Ornlinin Oullr-^ in tfVJT com- 
prise many Aiib)i<ciB ivliicb «til] rx^uiiy tko 
Atuiiiiun of tduiililic mi-ii. In tlii> Hadr«M, 
•ft*rft "liort ojsipdiiini.liBejilhiDMtroaomy 
in nid of llicolof^. m<>nlioniiitr Ilm unaBitiib 
facton cxnlanntioni rivpii bv tlivntofcinn* of 
tlio three iny* and nifilitii rliiriii)[ which our 
Lvnl n.'sli.'d m lh<* KL1IVL'. * llurv,' hi* >aii), 
' iMwiu» lo Iw iie^ uf uii nMruiiiiinur, wtiu 
(hue powilily may •■^iilnin ii. WhiK> there 
wRs mnilc hj r!in moliori nl' I he »iin a day 
aad mn nightu in thi> hi'inUphiri- of Judan, 
nnd at Ibc inmn tiine in tlio contrary h«mi< 
■pbi-iv was tnadv o Jbj- nii'l two niffhta ; * 
ol>9r>rTiii|( Ihnt 'Cbriitsuflt-rci] nut for Juden 
al<>uL', bill f'lr llio wliol>- i-urlli,' FTa alio 
eiptnined tli^ Telrocewiuti i>t the sliadow on 
ibn dial ofAliiu (t> Kinvs %%. 11) lobo th« 
fflict. nf n pnrtil.ion, nddiiiK l.hnt trn nnrd 
not four (o diminish n nairnrlp liy cxpUininK 
i(. Up tht-ii upoki- of the niomioiis diii- 
tnilM i>f tlie iiraivst fixud tVnT, ' nud yi.'t 
pnbablv tioinc an* infinitely uion* remote 
ihftD olnRn.' He h<>td out the expeolaTiaii 
ihnt Hmiri (ino of ttint ag" woiilil fiplniii 
Knplern nlliptiml llimrv of thn plnnnlnrr 
orbits. This wn« mid iicnrly thirty jean 
heton the inibUciition of ilie ■ I'rintii.in :' 
but Newtou liiinself nllixn (I'l-incipia. S(-ho> 
lium to Prop, iv. B I) thut Wivti. (Iix>ki>, 
and llalley tiad already nrrived at the law 
of tho inTi<n>i> Miiirtre. Tlie •ItinontitraTioii, 
however, of this Inw wn' rosi-rvml for Xi^w- 
ton. Wn-n s^'nks with lulnml nnthutioum 
of (he reielntjoui, then rum|>aralivr-1y aevr, 
afforded by the ttlescojie^if tht- pliy*it'nl 
nntiire of llie xiin, lii» sputs nnd facohe. of 
the plnn>-t( nnd llie innnn ' w1in tu diHCuver 
our lonf[itud» by <<i-ti]uiTie the «iin liitth 
pninled out the cmintrioj iipnn our glolw 
with lier cimicut iilindciw us with n pimril.' 
Ill raonliniiH mn^nt'lic^ una lintliib Inven- 
tion (that refer*, bowfti'r-p, to tli«i inclitmtiou 
uid th« Tariation /if lhi> iufdle, not the 
dispfiTrry of I he ompnu),and to lo^rithmt 
aa wliollv B British art Wp X«riKi!, JoitK, 
IGGO-mtTl Tile l.ntinorniioTi ns liHivnri'd 
U publiabed in Ward's 'Livi-s:' thu Knulinh 
ilrafl in the • I'arvittatia ' (p. *!00). Both 
««■ eiiwi by EliuM (App. p. 27). The art 
of Piigraviii^ ill mexeoli'it, which Ib oftea 
mill to hnT<i owpd ilv orijtin In Wrtii nboiit 
this time, leemn to hnvn U'lri solnly tlio in- 
vention of Liidwij;- von !iicgi-n, wlio iin- 
pAit«d bis M«rBt to IViiii'f Itiipvrt, and the 
BrfalW wnB npimrenlly i)i'- tin-t <ii pntelisr- 
UW Mt in EngUiid ( i'ttrr-ilrilln, p. -ilA ; of. 




Wnn took no amoll part m tbo fiwcnBtl 
of tlio Itoyal Socirty. Anonlinii to a let: 
of Dr. ^V'allis, quoted in the recvatiy 
lishetl ' llcconiauf t^e Iloyal Soei«ly'(l> 
'About tb» year 1G1& tlinre kad upruiig of 
an auodat.ion of certain worthy peraooa ts- 
quiiiitlvB in natural philoxofiby who iMt lo- 
gotlicr fimt in London for tbe iiiT*«li^Mioa 
of vliBt wan ctXted " the n«w or pxpcnmcn- 
tnl pliitoiophr : " and aftiirvranls sevcml at 
tliH inoro influential of lliH membtra about 
1618 or 1640. fiadiiiK L^'i^ou too maek dia- 
tract«<l by civil comntotiona, <ximnMiK«d 
koldiagf llinir routings at Oxfon).* (>n« of 
thn*«iTa« Dr. ^^*ilkln■, the master of \^'reti'i 
HilWi\ .^t li»l the tocrtliiK* were bcU 
at \^ ilkini's collet^ diirinK Wnra'a rundenea 
thi-re. Wben Wilkina wu ap]ioiQitd ta 
Trinity ColleciN Canilinil^, tlua laetitiDCS 
irere continued inllin n)oins of Itobett Boyl* 
fq. V.]. with whom ^Vmn was intimalv, akd 
W took no small part In tbcir ditcuMiDM 
and rxprriments. Tbt^ asiDcialc< oecwonalh' 
ootnblnedthoir gathering* wiih tliaie friernu 
who ftill nmained in London, and ibn usanl 
place of in««iiD^ was GrMli&m CoIt«^ In 
Wren's private room on tha days of bu Uifr- 
lurM, Piiring one of tlw four yaara of 
Wrpn't) profnaoriatp, tIc 1654, IMwe lcc> 
tiirrs were intnrruptn) in eoauequeaee of 
civic iroubtea, but were nuumed after tlia 
king's restoration. AlWr one of tbeM niMl- 
ings ('JH Nov. 1060) tlia iletfrminalioa wat 
reacLed to auk th« king to rn'ct ibe asa> 
elation into a pormannit nocKiy by royal 
charter. The king's npprotal naa rrportM to 
thnu on S Ikv. ot tiie aame year, and they 
tlum proceeded to complete ibe anangv- 
uienti, and llie drawing up of th« preunblecf 
tlie ehHrter. of which a draft copy '>**b*0 
handud down, wa* entrusted to Wrm (i'*. f. 
}0I1). AfVerlliia Wnm was most constant m 
his al.ti'ndanri! at tht rorotingm for more tluui 
twenty yiinrs, until liii archil eetural buai> 
iioss ubsoluti'ly precluded it. He waa 
■ident of the society from l6lW to 
inciutuve. After ItitV), hoir«ver, bU Oti[, 
communicAliuna to the locidy btvnnw cotlK 
|«LraiivoIy rare. 

At the opening of a naw year, (oon aflar 
tho iiitnhlishmont ot tka Rojal SocMty'— 
and probably 1001 — he gave an oddrtMala^ 
ing Ibc otjecls to which be reconmciiladl 
tbHsocii!tvtode\-oteiia(m«T^ie«. He«UaMd 
these unaer tbrae headi^ vis.: knowladfts 
profit, and conTemiencn ot tif*. The bciada 
of this discoiiniornihnim—tMiiCtUBl diary on 
rotTtcoroltigj- ; thu study ornftactions; iha 
trt' in Illation of the air meteor* and ibo in- 
quiry if nnythiiigfalbifrouiliem: tlwjiroirlli 
of mtits and gniin, {>Ietity, scarcity, and tite 



1^ 




Wren 

kaf oomi tbe tntons «f 6f>li, fowl, 4&1I 
Wi th* |iAijr««-iftn« of th* nocjrty aro 
(u^gtd lo ^ro accmint of cfidtm'K di«eUM; 
Um cflTect of wmIIkt upon tnedidiiR ; diM 
«oiu>dcnition of tiMi weekly and annual bill* 
i>f mortality ill Luodon; ihnt 'iiiRttnit of the 
taaiiT ot pnwnouicatiiiK ha Muld wlah we 
would li*T« tM f*ti«nc» for tome yeara of 
ngi*t«iiiig pout tiEni>«, whicli i» the certain 
wayoflownin^io pro^uvticatc.' llii«ii«ak» 
of ie}f-rc}(ii4cnac anumooicten, thcnnocnc- 
ten, and lijrgromcli'n a* bving practicabli!. 
3danj utLer ibiiigs ha miglit lUjtgnit whjcli, 
if the dMcif^a be once beguu. lie would moai 
willinglT Mboiit iipoo occasion. ll«eilii)rts 
hi* Iwarer* ' not to tUf in tbeilMign, »inov iu 
a Ctw ynan, nl tbi' bcK'inin^i >' v<ll tiardtf 
«OBB to anj I iublv mnlurity. . . . Tlii^ Ito^ 
Socictr ilMiuti) ]itanl crabstoeki lor [xHtainly 
tORTiih on" (*6. p. JJlf. 

Tbu mere (rniitucratiua of tbe Bukjvct* 
btouglit hy Wivn before the aocivty ix'cu- 
(lie* noro than Uitu pagea of the 'I'arvii- 
talia.' In l6DSIieaDg:^mt«d tho t«If-Kgi»- 
teriiijt weathBrcock, doiiftiiDd to ivcord tlw 
Tkrioo* iDRleoroIogical rariatimti wbir.li art 
nowporfonnedb]rpbi)tof:rapliy(M.-L> lliKi.'ii,i- 
Sll); ami in IO60 an (■xcn-diiijjiy ■imple 
foRDof IriF-t 'ft)rlBkiii|(lhuhofLiuu«T«rrwaj 
IB a vircle,' the main t>r>"c>pl<' of which was 
a bowl Iiai iiiji tlie lip ax'«ura|i'lT turned and 
proridoil vrilb b ball-«nd-aack*t joint, to that 
when n drop of ^uickMlnr waa adjurlnd lo 
tbc ccotrr, ibu lip Uiould lie Iciul in cvi-ry 
tlu>ec(ion. He bad probnblv found thu want 
of sonw oncb ia&lnunent in h'u aurvey of 
London oftar tbo fin-. In 1067 he repart«d 
hU rspcrimeDta on the force of ^nnpowdur 
in lifiii^ ws^ts and brnding iipnng* ; alao 
a Bewu of cnrinff *Qii>ky chimnr^i. In iho 
•amc year he aWwd nwdhad* td taking 
aatroaominl neHimiva to atconda, and liu 
pair of l«I«»O0M jointed for ihe nm« pur- 
po«v. In IfSsS be piMeati-d paper* and 
allowed pxiwriineBU lo ilIn*iT»te tliA laws of 
niOtMMi dc<lnc*d bj bim HTti^ yi^nn brrorn 
fram nuvful and vnrinl obacTTatian of llin 
offccta produced by tltcddliMon of iiU9]H.'n(!<.-d 
b«Ui under diffi-mit canditio«i«~-M]usl, uu> 
cqiml. dirvcl, und dillvrL-ntial vi^lucitiw n;id 
monkunlum. On (biasubjpcl Newton, iutbi^ 
* Mncipta'(p.;.'0>, wrilM: ' l'>>ni tlie<j» lawe 
Q* tb* law* of motionl I'r. Chrinioplwr 
Wnn, knight; Jolin Wollin ft ChtiKtinn 
ilDTjjhcn*, who ara bryond com;iariHiii tkn 
leajinjr fp-otoitten of thin tgr, urrited ni the 
lawaof tbi- cutlision and muliml n.'buuii<I of 
two bodiH; but tliFir liulh wa« proved by 
Dr. U'rrn by oxperiuieflti oil suspended 
Uls in the prtMrnos of tlie Iloyal Society.' 
In 1G70 Avtmn iliowei] to the society an 



83 



Wren 



itDpniTfiDnnt in iIm nin^hinery tor fiiudiaf 
up nEigbta by ropns fn>in greai devlkt ^Jlojfal 
liidttg RtguUr, blc ir. p. flB, wiili diigna). 
An i<katical arranp^incnt baa n««aily been 
brought into use. lu lOTD, Newton having 
wntt«n lo Ihe Royal Scviety to propciM: tbat 
an RXperiinent tJiould be mudetugiieurular 
proof of the oortbV diurniil (notion by letting 
a weight &1I frooi n coiuidc'rable beisbti 
wliiclt ought to fall to th« rastward oi tbe 
plumb-line, Wim propoard a still mom 
*itittive ti-el by 'abouting a buIU-t- upward 
at a cerlaiii angle (roni the perDcndicuInr 
round tvery nsy ' lo see if Ihe bullet wonM 
full in a porfert cirtl* around the barrel. 
Itlihup Sprat, apoakiiiK of the labours of tii« 
Itoyal Society in ItlOT, aclnctti Wren's name 
klouH for special mention, lie nifnni to ' bis 
dootrbe of motiou' which 'DRicartei had 
before begun, having taken up v>au- exjicri- 
mnnta of this kind on ooineclure and mada 
I ticm t he fimt founds! ionaot his whole aytden 
of nature, but fome of hiacoaclosiona seeuting 
very queitionablo bocanan tbey were only de- 
rived from the grow trial* of balls menting 
one another at tennis, billiaTda, &c., Dr. Wren 
produced before the society an innlriiment to 
rvpresent the <'ir«cts of all aorta ol' inipulaa 
ttaiv betwwn two bard globoiu todiva 
whnthor of otiiinl or dilTeKnt bigueea and 
swiftntus, and following or meeting each 
other.' Then bo adds : ' And bncniiw the 
ilifBculty of a conatnnt ob»ervallon of the 
air hy night and day aix-utt.'d inriuciblir, bo 
ih«relare deviled a clock tu be nnneieii to 
tha wMthercock, *o that die uhseriH-, by ihe 
trace* of B poncil on paper, might oerlainlj 
ooneludo what had Uown in \is abeenctn, 
Aflo' n like raannDr he contrived a thermo- 
mvter to be ita own regiitrr. Hn hax fon- 
irivvd an iuMruineut to measure (he mintlint 
falU, and derLsed many suhld wnyi fur the 
easier finding the gravity of the aluoniibere, 
the drgrcea of drought and moisture. lie 
mentions also nnw diaeoveries iu the pendit> 1 
lum — ' that in one ditsmnt and ascent iti 
moves nuequally in onual limea, and than 
fromthept^nduluniniuy Dcprodiiri^dnnaturat] 
Mnndard for meaisurc.' Wren saw reason^' 
howi-viT, lo rim up the latter proposal when 
it wn« found that ihr length of the degree 
varied in dilfen-nt Utitudn*. I>r. Sprat pro- 1 
ceedd: 'lie basmvunted many wnyetomakai 
HKlronomical ubwrvationa more ncrnrnle anAj 
vasy . . , has made two leltiwopfs to opfdl 
with a joint like asector, by whiebdistancfF* 
can betakentn half miuutea . . . devicrsto 
tolnii^pps for taking KTtisIl dittancMsand diB> j 
mctiT* lo i^condu, n[>i^rl.un'>j to tuku in nKirt] 
or Ii!u lijtlit the better to flt glnM lo ct«>pu^l 
cuUne obeervalions ; has added mncb to <' 



Wren 



54 



Wren 



theory of diopAriCf, and to llti> ugniifiurtan! ' 
orKOodglM(el>itn<lorothnrrr>nn»ihnn(pli(;n- 
c&l ; haJi rxaetly mciuun-d and ilfllinnatcd the 
splinm of Ihu humoum of ihn eye, wlian^ 

Sroportioni wi-rv only (fiicurd at before : )w 
isLVivi-red a uBtunil and va»y ilifor^' of re- 
frairliun, &baning not oiil* the comtBoa pn>- 
]ivrii<.-8 of glaiwv biit thif [•mponiomi bj 
which th« iiidiT)diin1 rny* eiil T.hn mil upon 
which thit proporlioii of nyeeliuwn nnd tper- 
tura* are democintrably dinMrered : has 
MMyml til ninke u true n.'lRnci([n>t|hy by 
measuri! — the niirld hiivini; hiu] nothing yvc 
but piutufMi hMttHli"! the moon's libration 
Hi tm at his ohurvniiooa could carr; him 
. . . has cnnifiitly piitsuMi iiMfinoticnl rx< 
perimentf. Amonff tho prablrEn* of navign- 
llnn, ditRionnrnted how a force upon on 
oblique plane would oaitM.- the motlim of the 
plane itj(ain«t the finlmuver. Heexptaiued 
the (^•umelricHl in^iehaTiict of rowing, and 
the necpwsry <:|nrai»tit» fur IftTin^ down ihfl 
Rcoiaotry of MilinK, nwimininjf, rowinjt, fly- 
iofr. »nd t'"' fnbricliii of ibipn. He invented 
n vpry cnfinus uiid npi-edr way of elchins. 
nnd hiu tiarled levenil thiu);ii luwardii llw 
i-mnndalion of wtlerwork»: wiui the first 
inventor of drauiii^ pieluriMi by microsco- 

fiieat glasMt* ; ani«nK*l o'bi'T ihin^thafcMp* 
ngtho iDOtinn of wnlfhi'i •'qunl, inordnrfor 
lOD^tudMand itttroniniieiil u>eii. lie won 
the lit»t author of Ihe noble nnatomical ei- 
nnriment of InjeclinK iiiiuiirn into the veins 
nf animali, nuw vulgarly known, bill long 
Hincu exhibiled to meelinRiHai nxTord. Ilenc« 
nrDwi many new experiment*, nnd chiefly 
that of transfiiMnff blood. ... I Ii now very 
wi>ll thai Biimn of them he did only stnrl and 
dwiRn, and tlmt lliey hare bei-n Hineeuarried 
to iK'ffection by ibe indiiBtrv of otliem ; vet 
it i« reasona ble tbiit lbi< <i]'i<:iiia1 iuTvntion 
ahould be H^ribfd In th'' trtm aiithiir rathpr 
than ihp finisher*. Nnr do I fr-nr that this 
will be ihoiitrhl loo mueh wbii^h I bavn anid 
cnncpmiiijt him ; for ihure i» a peculiar rr- 
vercncR due to >o much excellHnue covenMl 
with (O much niodeolvi iiid il is not (lattery 
but honeatv to give him hix jiiHt. praise who 
it to far from usurping ilif: fam" of olher 
HMQ lUat he «ndeaToiint with all cam to 
conceal hi* own ' (Smut, p. 3IB). 

Although, »t a iiatnml philosiiplicr, Wrun 
wa» ovMnlindowed byl.hu geuiiiBof Newlon, 
M nn Kntfluih archileet be ntunds above 
hit competilora. In M.>tii" (inrticulars, in- 
Ated, Inip> JonM msy have Kiirpnu>>d him; 
but if a cunipre1ien»ivfi \Vw ia l.tken, tho 
fint place must be adjiidiipd to Wren. It 
ha« bu^u arfpind that a.* he had pnsiied Ihe 
voongmt nnd moit receptive ]Mirt of hin 
life before he turned his atientiun prttCli- 



TO bre^H 
>m*Dl iflrH 



)Ugh 



cally to «rchii«ctiire it mutt have 
uii&voiiraUe to hi* proper deivlopm*Dl iflr! 
that pFobuaoii. ThUlhiswasiwinhiscLui 
con DC oonetdai only to n vptt hiuII *i- 
teui. It it truD Ihat the fint diAnita infor- 
matiuu we receive of his npplTin( htnuwlf 
profeMionally to architecture la bu acceptiitx 
in his twenty-ninth ye«r(liXll) the inntA- 
tion fhtmChBrlmll loact practically aasur- 
ToyoT-ftioniiral to hii majn^t j'e works, though 
notninatly tu nMiuani to Sir John I>(>a^'~~ 
(lHIo 1609) rq.r.l Ifarentatia, p. 960h. 
bad prvTiouatr declinMl n commicNon _ 
surreyur of the forlilicalioiu of TaDgier), 
but it is clear that for such au aupoiutMUii 
In have been nfii'red he must already han 
f[ircntiroofof hisfitnru; morenvnr.hts bther 
would hoTo beenquilecdiiaURorpvinii him 
Taluoblc initrnclion. for durinahii muldnnco 
at Ett«t Kiuiyle the elder H'ren hud dnifcncd 
anew roof for that parish church (it. a. IVJ\ 
and had s!;>o been eugaged by Cfanrles I to 
dofii^ a building for tlie queen's u*e, of 
which a d«t«iIod <«iiRiate has been proMrred 
nmong the ntnte paper* (cf. Euin, f, BL 
We hove nUo had ornnaion to nole, in spitak- 
ing of Wren's stientiHc capabiUlici", that W 
was reinarkiihle for his skill in nccurale 
drawing ; so that, in addition to his malbe- 
mntical knowled^, be won already armed 
with one- ntsnntial of hi* art. In ■ caia- 
lo)(ue given iPartntatia, p. 19ft) of tlw sul>- 

J'rcU on which Wren diacounwd at Wad- 
iBm Cullej^, one is ' new de«Kni tending 
to striJnglL, connnieacc, and beauty in 
building,' This must hat-e been senerat 
years wirliT thnn the appoinUn«nt rvfiHted 
to. The two carlidft original works we hear 
of nre theehnprlofPeniMolraCoJlwe.Cani- 
brid)(e, buitt al the axpoiMC of h» >nclo 
Miitthcw. and the Shcldnnian Thcatr* at Ox- 
ford. The preparation of the dMi|pi> for 
iheso two building* must bava been nesrlr 
Contempnran«K)iu. A model of the Shef- 
doninn Thuatrc wm eubmitted and approved 
in April ICHIS, but tho lir«t Monewas n-A 
laid until the veor followinfr, wheraM that 
of the CumbrijRe rhopel was laid in the May 
of thv «a]ue year. viz. lUti!!. The chape! ww 
finished in two y«ats, but the .Sheldoniaa 
Theatre not till 1669. We may then-lore 
tnkc IVmbrok* C.illegv chapel as liis lint 
ori)[inal work, and il nntid cauite no eurpriae 
if we find in it Dome liitna of tho ■ *pren<int 
hand.' The interior ia verv limplc, nnd calb 
for no particular reinnrlt. 'The nxlteior, 
which shows its front to tho street, ha* 
good general projiurtions, a never-foiling 
excellence in Wren; but itc^rtainlyeshibite 
a want of fiimilinrily with archilectural 
toil, particulorly in the lack ofsubonlinai 




Wren 



ss 



Wren 



1 



b(!twi>rii the pari*, tlM camicn of thn nmia 
front bang nUicraoMllutdUmu.whili' that 
at Uie beugoiul Untcm which it lupportB 
ia SBdutf uoaduroiui. Tlivrv 'u norliiu^ lur- 
pfutng in this. It miut be rvwtiuiWnd ttiBt 
ib» faeililim for «ladriD)( tbeiluuil uf cl>«- 
•ieal ftrchitocKiiw in ^gUnd w«k in 16(13 
iwry liBiilcd. b'cir booka w«r« thtm avmiN 
■Mb. Bveljrn did ttnod icrvice bv publbhinK 
in lOU attMulationof Roland Frcart,fiiour 
de CBmbtay'ii ' IVralkl,' and vfe nmy fwl 
pretlj »iin* tliot Wrrn would lisve bad urci-M 
10 ili» Fwi«li odilioo. TliH ' Parallel,' d«- 
livi'd from Alb«rti and other Italian mas- 
ter*, U a Kood Irpal.i'p an far as it roc*, but 
ta brief, and Ihi.- i-:uiiipliT>givcrnintlicnlntiu 
«t« not comprclicnuiTO. Wren cridi-niiy 
Celt hit nwd of tictieropportunttieaorBiuilv. 
And loah thu oirlimi op|>ortunitT Hvaitnbk- 
ta hioi to (opplf it by Lis jourui^^ 1u Puris 
in 1S6S, wb(TO onlinar; biuiness 111 l>')nduti 
and Mhtst part* i>f Knglaod was inr^rriiptnj 
bjr tlio pla{(ui-. Thi* joiirnoj' nf Wren lo 
XVis, wbrru hf tetmn to havo TMidod for 
ubuut six muutlis, is Ihi- unljr ono of nliiub 
itDj iuformatioii vxiiis. 

Tbe nrchitecturel detail of Ibu Sbrlduuiun 
Tbi>atn>, ichicli, however, iscbipfly reuiark- 
ablo for its nnbin interior, \* much in 
■dTanec of tlin I'nmhrokn clinpol: but ila 
eetnplKtioo did not trdcir pincn till \6li9, and 
be lud by that time had plenty if ilh' fir 
«duc&ti0D iniximct cUa»icaI<.-x|ir' : ml 
tbo leaaoB w*s i^fftfctivelv leaml. il^f A^ 
: &c*d»of tho chap«lof I^iuiuhqucI OjI- 
, Cambridge, com mi'ncod in 1608, shows 
fuU coaunand orarrhitis^tiiml Uchnicalltj. 

Thua it will bu fren tbnt. he was rfady, 
botli by BulBcient study and [irnciipnl '^ipt- 
neaM. irlieii the Rnrut opportunity of bis 
lifi* prH«>inl«d itMl/l Vn to lh« liiai^ nf ^hl^ 
fire of I^ndoa his work bad uut hv«a so cii- 
gnMiiim but tbai bn wsr able lo aM«iul lo 
pUlaMphica] pumuits to a roiuideTAble ex- 
tent, a od ciTtninly nithollt ni^iilai^ting any 
businnu hv hsd undcrtaltDn. A dniinitinii 
of g«uias has biwn ftivnn as briufi n cnpncitr 
forbArd work, and nobetttriiislui]i!i>or this 
could bn K<r« CI than the lif« of Wrtri aud 
bis pnwKrs of work througbi'Ul his life, 
and opccially ou ikia occasion. D«fore the 
emben of tlia great Bra had cnolcd, Wren, 
aa virtual utrveror-K'nitTal, folt that it 
was his dulv to prrpuir a snlicme for Ihn 
rebuilding of (lu* cily. Tbo lire had riLf[L-d 
from -2 Sept. till 8 Sept. Ktua On ibi' Ulb 
of the Mn»e monlh he laid before the kiuj; a 
skBtch-]>1an of his drsi^ for (lie resloruliiiu 
of th* city. SnTcral ntlWr schf.roes were pre- 
•hUmI afterwards, but Wrut'a w«« tlrst both 
ID time and in the gunural approval which it 



reodrtd (Evklix, Diarif, iii. ■'UA). A copy 
of the plan after it hod hiwn inore fully 
malureil is preaervod at All Souls' Collcfte, 
Oxfiird, and is publi^L-d also by Mlmiu (ap- 
pendix, opp. p. tl3) : a d'^scripliuD is giveo lu 
*ranuitalia'(p. jUi). It ische planof what 
would luTe tKHMi a moffniflcflnt city, but tlia 
public spirit which wo»ld have botn raquirwl 
to carry it out would liavo domandod very 
fn'vat aovrilices of ptvsent Intervst for tlu 
Mike uf future beoulit ; and we cannot bo 
Ktently surprised, however much we may n>- 
Ifret it>that amoreliaiid-lo-mouth«xp«dient 
was adoptfid. W'ren's great eelianie remains 
a rvconl of his t^niiis. But XV'ren had thn 
liappy di>|K>si[lon of bcint; able to oddrcsa 
himself with eneruy to tlio second beat wbon 
tile best WM unnttainabte; and he found 
[■uiuluyui<<nt enough in mbuilding a calhu- 
(Irsl. more ibnn filiy parish ehurehea, thirty- 
tix of the ooiupaniua^ nails, and the ciistom- 
houw, bosidaa several privat* boiisex and 

Srovincial works, and ho was oonlont to un- 
i-ttahc all this lor extremely small reuiuno* 
ration. For llie cntbedrol and the parisli 
i^burcbpB llie stipend be ukud for was only 
300/., pruferrJug(aslbo writer of the ' Pareo- 
' Islia' »Ay«)iuever> piuun^eof his lifo public 
I service lo any privnlt' ndvnntaf^ (p. Hsi). 
, Immediatnly nAiTWards Wren was ap- 
poinlrd ■ surveyor- ifeneral and prineipnl or- 
cbitecl for rebuil<iini( tlia whole city : tho 
uuthedrnl cburcb of St. Pnul ; all the paro- 
cbiul cLiircbos . . . with other public fttruc- 
Iiiivb' (Parmlalia.f. •JRS). Thiawssft spn- 
cisUy crojili^d ollic", bill on fi Mnrrli lti(in-d 
Wr^'n was formnlly appointed koIc deputy to 
Do'nhani an sucvevor-ftenunil of the myat 
work* (VaJ. Slate I'apin. Dorn. l«68-8. pp 
l!21.22i), and nfter Ueuhsm's deutb he wa», 
••a 'ZA Nov. folluwiuj^, appointed to Buccetnl 
hioi (lA. p. 016), 

Aa reapect« the cathedral. Wren knewj 
from pnniou* surveys thnt cvi'ii Iwfore 
fire the fabric liod bi^^n eitremdy intncure. 
It hail suircn^d nincb duriii)? the Common- 
wealth liotb from nested and from poulira ' 
injury. At tbu inviistinu of the deun undl 
chaptur in ItMU, Wh.'ii biul niailo a eapoful 
examination of it, and lind pointed oiil in a 
report eent in only a fi'w months h>rf<in? thn 
fire (Partntalia, p. 'J7i) what was nwejusry 
to be done, ns well lu wbnt be advised for 
its improvement, pun i(.'utsr1y the removal of 
the cen'rul toner and the foruiattun in lieu 
uf it uf a cupola covering a wide area as it 
pro|ier pla«« for a ' va><t suditorv,' in which 
tlie Piiol'ii Cro84 sermons should in futun 
be pn<iii^b>:d, and of which the cinntpb 
of tay. his unclr's csthedral, may have r>re 
him the Brit suggestion. Iji^vtral of tb 



Wren 



86 



Wren 




drawiiii^ pnwervn] nt All SouIr' CoIWo 
refer tu thin propoanl. In thiua tbit old 
Normuii uav<> u sliawn an (tlu-red to tbc 
Botaiui muiiiL>r, while tli« olioir vn» to re- 
iDua (ioihic u ori^allj built. 

After The fliv, tberafoT^, Wit-n wm itbl* w 
jtivn an iinliMitating opinion tolh«dMn,Dr. 
(sfteTwnrdji nrehbiiitiiipl Wxllinm Sunemfl 

[q.T.},lliaI iiotliillff but n ni^wntruelun' oiigUt 

to be cciDiviii]ilateu. TIiltc nra niimi.' persons 
n-linxv InvH for mediwvul arrhitcctuiv is inch 
tlinl llii-v nvnnnow, witb (b^exiatingc&tliiii- 
dral bnforc f.liRin, n-gr?|. ttint olil 8t. I'&ul's 
WW not rnpiiiracl in untie wnj nnil nllowei] 
tusCnnJ. It nitiiit, howRTcr, bncli'-arin thomi 
who h»t-e niiy pmctical knowlRdjr'! of archt- 
teMun\ after reading SirChriatJiiilicrWrm'a 
lepOTto botit bofure and after (lie liri-. that 
svan to I«t4in tb^ ntcdiwial fonturM of the 
nt.ructure it wnald have bocn neci'Mnrv lo 
take ncnrlv tlio whnln down mid Tecoiitloict 
it,and it U doubtful if Ihnt could haT« brnm 
donuauecciartillj in.ilic >ovnnli*nth Mittur; 
(of. UlLHAS, y. 388). Wrcn'i adrioii on tliu 
neceMity of a new building wai pnu-'ttfallv 
(inforccl •linrtlv afterwards, II was not nt 
onci) taltnii, and u mrtial atteiupl «l repnir 
waa xtill prnrn^i'd with; bill l1i» fall of 
part of till- ratbrdnl whim thi« wns going 
ongai'O convintiPR proof of thi- fiitilily of 
ibe uuderlalfin); : mid Wren, who lind tp- 
tirrd to Oxford, wberr liia duli>!« as SaTilinu 
profpMor of a*tn>numy rcqiiirivl bis preni-nce, 
wnji atimmoned in bahio to Loudon ii> advisu 
rcaiMMitin^ a n»w cntb<^ral. Thin vat in 
July IliCIS (I'arfnfalia, p. JT«>. nio report 
from Wren nhich foUnwiii unon aftrr in givpn 
ill KIniva f p. L*18), A gtvat spur waa fpvrn 
10 the uridrrlaliiiig by parlinmeul hnviii|^ in 
1670 aj")C'"'d a poni'jii of the eoiil lajt— vi«. 
4|rf. pi^plinldron — annually for tlio rebuild- 
ing ; and Wren, now bring satisfied ibm an 
mmivc nttc-mpt would Im msilp, dnvoted 
hintself to formiiiR n de-iigii worthy of th« 
oeoaaion. Mennwhile Ihi? clrarinK of thn 
nte of ibn old cuMiedruI wa« p;oincon, an 
Opration which duinanded both lime and 
»kilftil mann^i>menl. The walh were in 
that rondition that it would tiAvt- h^eii both 
tudioui nnd dnnt^-mtiii tn havn tahi-n Ibnni 
flown in theorilinary way by workman Roing 
aloft; BO, |;uidL-d by lb'! exporiinent* mnn- 
tiooud aboi'e for measurunient of Ibe cHcct 
Jirrwliiccd by (riiupowder, he «UP(*oded in 
lifting oni" of the aiiirlca of tbi- old tower, 
BOre than two liiiiiiWl feel bigb, & few 
inehM only, and rniiaiiig it to collapxn with- 
out wallering or accidant or any injurioita 
eonaequencw t>> thn ooijihbourhood. Itnt 
aft^rwardi hi» Bocond in command, bping 
unbiliou* of iupruving upon bis master, 



conducted during hii alMeac« a ainnUar 
opentiom witJi lew caie uii] with llie eea- 
plo^Mit of a larger quantity of poird«r, 
wliich indtol brought down toe old 
maaonry, but raiiaed an frightful an a- 
ploainn that Wmn waa oblicvd to give iqt 
tliat method of proci-dun. IIowfvct, iho 
reaourcea of bii mind were equal to tko 
Orcanion: he belhoD)^! himuf (be batteriDg- 
raniH of anvipiil wufare, and caiUMi a hu^ 
inaat, about forty fe»t lon^ and akod with 
imn, to be aloDg with nff*, and by ilia 
labour of thirty num vibratod ajtaintt tba^H 
wall at ono place far ■ wliol« day. Tha>^| 
workman, it it aaid, despaired of any reaull. 
but Wren inaialvd on ita runt mux nve. and 
on the aecond day the wall filowly opeavd 
and fell (A. p. 3»4). It ia likel^r that wa 
have a iclinipte at this op«ntioQ in P«fi;«^ 
■ l>iBry'(l4 Snpt. 1868): ' Struip bow tha 
eight of Monr-( (ailing from the top of tbe 
alerple do lunko mc am-sick, but no hurt I 
hear both yet hnpoMied." We learn brNn 
' Pannitslia'' thai the taking down at old 
8l. rnul's, which na» beftua in 1060. laelcid 
tbroiiBbpartoflOCS. InlaTSWn'nfwhohad 
biwn kniebted the pn>Tioiift year) auhinitt«d 
bi« tinrt dnign for thn new ealliedral ta the 
king, who cTtntly approred of it, and 
ordered n model to be made of it ' ofterw 
large nnd exsfl a Euaiiuer that it ibbt mi to 
as a ^rpetual and uncban^ble rnia and 
direclioij for the conduct of ttio whol« woric ' 
(i6. pp. SSO-i), In rcapeci of atnucaca of 
nvcnt*, how(iv«T, thn 'Porcntalia ia ban 
rather onnfuind. Thia model still vusta in U» 
catJiedrnl. It had been much negledod and 
defaced, hut has be-.-n iu part teatoted ij 
tbo dean and chuptrr, and is tiufficieot to 
give an adeuuaie iaij)rc«*ioo of what Wrtn 
intCDdid. ftefore giving any account oftha 
rathndral aa built, this 6r*t and tarourite 
design of iM author nnjuires aome notice. 
Some of the original dmwinpi are preitcr^ed 
in All !^u1s' College, Oxford. The plan 
has been irnrefully engraved iu Elmea (p. 
310), and to a amaller scale both tn Deui 
Milman's 'Annals of St. Panl'fl' aad in 
I.nnginnn*Jt' Thrvo Cethedrala,' publiahrd in 
1H73. Thereor* alu)two ponpoeliin vicwa 
of it in the Inttnr. Thia de«)gn, while being 
loyal to arehiiecturnl preceoetit. ii an en- 
tirtdy original conception. The eentral^_ 
idea^-an etuentinl quality in any great worl^^f 
of art^'is of extreme simplicity. .An oct»/^M 
gon which circiiui«crib«« a Gmk cron ia 
combined with a *quani attached to ono of 
ill aides —rii. tho wmtrm— which connoota 
tbc whole into a I.Atin crow. Tba emtial 
area of th« Greek croaa is cornred br a lam 
and lofty cupola intended to Iutc UMal UM 



Wren 



87 



Wren 



dimenuan co pivi fti (lii? prwvot 

donu, trhil««}(lilBiiiaTlvrau<llowi.-rciipolM 
w««mD|ndiiru<iD<li( :fourai'tb«*nd*of tbo 
•nu of lie cron*, and one machine Mch or 
tb« inMTm(Mlint« ildu nf tbn (xttajton, the 
cnUUr eupoLu bcinft oil ct|Ual and ibvir 
dianMani bearing to that of tlie ccuiral one 
ttHtpropuTtioit oflirotofivi-. 8iiii{ili!, Luw- 
«TFr, OB iatbe g«acnl plan, ita arcliit«ctural 
treaiiupiii RippliM alt that can be (l««ir«>d 
of pictaraque bMiilj and intrirncy. Tin 
[scfaeHie for tbo lighlinff, which would 
cbiefljr cocna from abovn, Uiniti|[h panthcoii- 
lik« aprrtara* orer the unollur cupols), ii 
botb ample anil the beat puawble for 
■rdutedunl clFii-t. Tlie «alnuc^ frana 
the wMl U through u a<>hl« portico. This 
lui into an arva of coiuiil^rntilri width, with 
estraiice Acxrn luynh anil tnuth, nnd iiir- 
•imiiitpd br n rupnU whirh in the InCvrior 
B«iKiilBr to ibotv around ihi' principal done, 
kil ruei au an to form a frnturc* extonuUv. 
Thr >lull, artixtic and cunilmclitv, ahowa 
bj WreD in ihcjiiDctioii of hiit suhiricnl «iir- 
facM has uvvrr Wu nppriMirhoil, and thvTc 
ji» no ciunterpart elsowhi'iv to i.lm noblr 
I TiMM which woijd h*tt h<-i-n pn'scittrd to 
the vTc in irnrv direction by this plan. 
Tbo we«ii.TH donn.-, oniple an a vcalibule, 
was BnBicii.111 to rnisc Ihu Piprwtalion hut 
Faot to saliifjr ii. Then Iko wi'llh wu con- 
Cned to that of the ortliiiury n4v<f, forming a 
pcaM^a about fort^v fmt wido, pmTinii* to 
tbe nnrMtrictoil bunt of viiinn tbroiijth the 
dUfiKial viilns, ojwning on eodi aidn ■long 
the mdiatini; tides of (be octacon ri'IciTPil 
Via Bbo»e.irhichiKnnnhi(fiu»toluo KiiuMiioo 
Lproduecd in a ({nuid luuuutain dt^Iu whutv 
I jawfii ihniintli II r nfinrflr~T);rfi — n one 
) opening to oni; incuupanBly Aorr <Mii^ 
sur, Anna/*, p. 403 i.) 

It RiQut b* fully admitti-d t.liat. extcmallr 

thJ* drtign, fine na it it, dni-tnotcnnipelv on 

eijual tcraia with the c\iiilin); ttructurc, 

en)«:i«11y wbcn we coiwider tlif hi^ifihl to 

which th(?Hiuniundicgbuildiii)^h)iVL'groii'u, 

vbich gina tlie vnlae of pvalcr lolYirieM to 

tha adop(«d d««ign ; and aa to certain defvcT* 

in it which Mr. FerfUMOn in hi«i 'niMory 

at Blodrm .\rchit««tiiTn ' (P- -'0^) dinciuurs. 

W« miut rctnnmbor that Wmo had not in 

Ltki ease of thia deaign, aa bii hnd in thi; 

'Adopted oav, won than forty yuan of studv 

>nd improremenl to fivo to i(, of whicli 

)l« BTailffl hiBiMlf to the full ua tbt- work 

proceeded; but thia narvolloua production 

WM thn ODUomo of neceatarily a nry abort 

J ncnbatioR. John I»u{i) Petit [q.v.], in dia- 

■Maaing Bt. Frant, VttigMaax, obmirTPa that 

Twren , ' who, iliouxh lie may not hn*e known 

St. Front, yet miut have known Hi, Mark'*, 



\'eiiii!P, from which .Si. Frunt w»t derivi 
had conoeivnla dmi^n [lis. Ili* mudelj 1 
similar principlm whieh, bad it be«u earned 
out, wouU liavo givvn hi* cathedral th« 
noblnt interior in tbo world' (ArcAilrrtunu 
Slitdirt in Franrr, p. 76). 

Kot withstanding the approval with which 
(his deaign was at lint recrircd, a com- 
miieion f-ir its exeeuliou Riven, and utwi, 'A 
seeois, a omui^uceui'.'ut uclualty msiie, ao 
tniicl) clerical oppuailion wsa woughi. to 
boar ngninnt it, oit account of it* being 
diRen-iit from the uiiiilI cathedral ahape, 
ihut Wren wnn rcluctaiitlv nbligRd to tnm 
litB tlioiiK)'<s in amahiT (lirectioai. Etmes, 
in his • Lifc of Wren ' (p. 319), BpcakinK of 
tbiK model, refers to the atotr iu Stp^nce'a 
' Aoccdolea' (cd. Singer, p. v^), iliat the 
Duk* nf York and bi« party insisted on ••d« 
chapeU hi'ing ndd<'d contrary to Wren'a 
opinion, and that W'ron urra abed tear* 
when lie found ho could not prcvaiL 
Neilhur tlie model nor the ulau pmcTred al 
Oxford showa any Irtiees wliero side cha^ielH 
coutd bare been plucud. vihei>«a the adopted 
diwiffii hn4 tlietn. iivl in (he earliett plim« 
but in th<i ebarch n* biiill. It amma IikcIti 
howeviT. tliat, not wit hit mid ing thii. dim- 
culty. Klincjis riRlit in coniifttiiiji iliRtrndi- 
ti'jii of \\"ryn'!i lejira with llie rt riLjt({le whieb 
uituthuveiukL'n pliiei^wbeu hio fsvoiirite'de- 
si^i had !» be iktiniiducieJ. .V- respects ibfl 
*ido cbap«l», even thuugli itiey hnd formod 
no pDrl of ibc orifiinal d(«i^, with tbo Goo 
ari:hitiictuml pn'CHlent in Lincoln Catbe* 
dml bffoni him. and cunaidrrinfi tbo ndmi- 
ruble use wliieh \Vti.'n wm able to make of 
tlifiu botb on the f^und story and for the 
library uboT*, theit demand cuuld xc&Ttoly 
have MPiQ^ to him u sufticivnt ruuson for 
«iicli •in'tiiioua oppoaitiou, wben^n* the 10- 
tcnTion ofihii * fnTonrite d«aign'w<'uld Iutm 
wpined worthy of every ^nicticnble aliempt 
he could make. Tile anf cdiite it given by 
SpencB on the authority of u Mr, Ilarding, 
Wito tbiaperaon wiu in not staled. It ini^ht 
hiive beMi the Samuel Ilurdiii); who, witli 
"llitr*, publislied various enjrmvingm of St. 
faiiri and oilier de«i|^n(i of Wren'i, inclnd* 
in^lhin model, dated 17^4. Thc^ie cnfirar- 
ings Willi certain olhew were nflerwarda 
colientid into a book entitled 'Denpui for 
I'ublie Biiildinifs to illustrute Pareutalia," 
IjMidun, I7'lt>, lol, ; but, at niiy rate, Speoco 
could not bale n^ceived the anecdolo till 
fully Snyyeart after IbeoircuinalAncewhicrh 
at,i« rii^ to il. Tlier« can bo lit tin doubt 
but that (Imi Diihi^ of York would linvn been 
iitroiif[lv opposnd to Wn^n's <k'»irc to build 
the cathedral In a form not spucially tutted 
to Itomnn uilholii; services. 



ved, V 
ion ^4 



I 
I 



Wren 



S8 



Wren 




After llie njt-ulbii of tbo ' favoiiTitn 
dwipi,' Wren prwwJfii willi silver*! Irinl 
plan* ill (inlhic ruriti * ri<olifi«ii) to a hrltrr 
mannnr of nrphiliwtiiro." Hi* i[«mit« win nt 
fimt eridc^ntlj- vcrj much unhinaed by bin 
Dot diBn|itii:)iiitmont nnd the mt^ntDl 
he LrtJ (ffjuu througli. Howt'vt-r, 
ILl'«« via an-i-yled, uiid lii? n-a* ot- 
(Irivid bv It rv>,vnl ei'iiiiDiMion, diit«<l Mav 
lR7fi, to proran^ with il. The t)i>i>ign wa* 
upproTcd n» bfsinR ' r^ry nrlififinl, jiropirr, 
ft!ia UHjfiil, nnd ta oninn-d that it mijfht bn 
buitf aiid linixlipd liy parta." Thii nuthori* 
eatiuu was aci'iiinpniiiiHl willi the pi^nnissiuu 
to taakv yariuUuut (Farentalia, p. iSi) 
' ralhwr omooiental t!i«ii cistiiitittl ; ' but 
happilf, B« till- «-!ii>li> wji* 1"0 Irt bi" innnngti- 
iii«nt,lio found liinni'lr atiln In mnki" iini- of 
thi« p<>nniMion wi'-houl ironbliiid liimwdf 
■bout tbe qunliBcntioii as to L-iupittinU- 

Tb«r« in no coiii^fiilius thn puini tbnt if 
tlue dMi|rn, wblcli (bi? kiiig's wurrunt au- 
thorised, nad boeii eorrii^d oiii nriali<.'rtMt, Si. 
I'aiil'* would, citTiinlly at b-asl, bavt- 
pwiTod a (figantic fiiil'irn, nnd mn nm«f *iip- 
pr>»i? Ihnr iioinr eaunc nicli n« wi^ hnn^en- 
di!iiV()itrvd ti) nsaipi [agf'rBVBtod. ]>iTbap<, bv 
dr^umtic Iruiibl? owing to ibi- illnesi of hia 
wife, wbo died in lb<.- ?niiit' war ibat. ibia 
dmi^ was aijtboritiH]) inu»t 'liuvo obscun.id 
Wran'a u*iially linn jiid|^i>nt. Itni an lb>> 
fprouiid ]ilnn i* not. far diffori-nt fnmi thai 
of the? prcwnt cbiircb, sliowinK milfipii-ntly 
Wn-n'i BiibiniMion in napt-trt, of tbii uiunl 
cttlbwlrnl fiirm, il is lik<?ly tbal no serious 
oppo'tilion from biB frilicii waa {•> he apjire- 
bi'iidiv], auij t.bi'J' were pfubahly ijiii'u i"- 
capnb!" of judging of till" Hirtiirnal i-tFiicl.. 

In t.hi* clo«i|i[n wi' may pcTrcivp Ihef was 
in Wren's mind a nlruRirli' bctwri'n two 
idiHU aa respei^ls I be t;reat central feiitiirv of 
tbe dome— iiHuivlv,< bat of retain iii^ tlie tine 
and well-etudipj iulemal proportions of the 
favourite' di>Bign a* nionr in harmony U'ltb 
it* *urroiindinjfi> than Kr>^ai'T b'^ight sncb a* 
that of the pri-minl cupnla would be, but 
thnl he fell, at the same time the quiility of 
f^al loftiness wii4 deiuaudud for tbi; ex- 
(uruAl nppearance. This be proiHiscd to 
attain li^ rn«an» of a lofly spire, not unliku 
Ibat which hn after wariln built n«ibesleep[e 
of Si. Bridp** Chun^b, which in nbown asniir- 
nioiinting the lantern of iho cupola. Refon: 
Ions, howevpr, lia nbnudcmcd Ibis ntirmpl. 
and adupled the idea of ffcneral height as 
the leading principle, bv wbii'b he ulliinately 
arrired at the unrivalled ext"ni.)r of bia 
calb*dral; and if for ibn interior lin wrred 
in giviii;j an nxcft« of loftincsa to the dome, 
htt did ("1, nt nny rate, in good company, for 
thn proportion of height to inteniHl din* 



initt«r U still gT^aI«r in Michael Aagelo'a 
dotnc of St. I'Mdr'a. 

Now that he waa fully authorinKl ta prn- 
ceed, Wren derated all hi» wicfflirJi, with- 
out any longer dwelling on hi* iBtB diwap- 
gioinlment, to malnring Ibe design. A con- 
siderable time, even matiy months, niiat 
n«>ce«sanly elanao «v«n in preparing tho 
fonndntiona ana in buil^inf tli« crypl, and 
thi* ha tnadi* j^d ii*n of. A gr<>at many 
»tudir* arc extant, ■omo at fliford, aomti in 
two jiortfolios preserved in the CBthedrnl, 
containing prineipally working drawings, 
and others in private collections, which show 
the »t.ep4 by which he arri*tM] at ib» final 
r4«ult. An engraving of one of tli«H ia 
given in Ijongman'ti ' Thtiv CalhednU,' 
opjHiaitn p. I llf. SoTctnl of theso *tilidM« 
nro in perspcrtive. In ■ I'arEntalia' (p.SSS) 
are given Wren's views on the imporlance 
of tisin^ pi-r9[}eL'( ive tbelchn* in designing 
nrcbilectiire. Wren Lai] uo doubt a uf 
(irinnlly clear (riinnral idea in hii mind'a eye 
of what tbi; complplml Blrnctnrq should be, 
but tlinn itudiM show that thn dictuU of 
irven inch tawntial fcatum* na tb« profile of 
the di'tne and the wasttHit towicrs wera not 
»eltled untiLtbe lime approached when they 
would be H'uuired. It nu« bis constant en- 
drtavourlnodopl only the boi'l ancient Greek 
, and Itonan nrchilecium, 'iIia principle* 
^ of wbiujb' fas he «iiid ihorllv bnfore hi? wa* 
supers^ed in hi* »urveyor*liip ) ' tlitvHigboiit 
all my schemes of this culo»al stnicluTc 1 
have atwavs religiously endeavoured lo fal- 
low, and \tl glorjr it is tu the singular merer 
of find, who liw enabled rhi to begin and 
liniib my pivnt work an conforinaMe to tbe 
ancient model' (Ki.mw, p. filO). lliia ho 
could juit ly sAy, for tbcrrF i* no important 
eeelesiasticnlilructiire — certainlynoneofttw 
^eventetnitb century — at all approaching it 
in the purity of its claMieal treatment. The 
cnlhedml aNo i* throughout an exam pin of 
skilful and providcnl con'lruclion. Kxwy- 
whero, too, the ornamental ncccMioriea, 
though liberally aiiplied, are well kqrt in 
Bu1)ordination tu ihe |Hirt8 purulr Breuilec- 
tiiru). and are alinoxl invanably finrly di^ 
signed and well carted. SkritrliM have hewn 

f reserved which show ihnt Wren had a bold, 
n^e hand in designing omameni, and wa* 
a master of toale; tint in the depai1m«ntof 
ornament he bud ibi; good fortune U> Mcnra 
the services ofnconsummnteartliit — nanDlf, 
rSriiiling Gibbons [<]. v.], whom E>'elyn aoei* 
deiilnllr had diseovercl in an obscure aitiH- 
tion (KvMf.vs, /)>^ry, ii. fh'>4,.leau&ry 1671). 
The unsurpassed oak nnd liinnwood earrings 
of the choir arn bit well-known work, 
Twonty-two yearn after iho commence- 



I 
I 



W'ren 



89 



Wren 



I 



BMBt of tile work it wmi to tu adnii)ct.<d 
that tbc cboir could b» oprood fur ser- 
vice (l>uc«mbw IWri ; ninrtmrn vesr* lal«r 
Wceo irfts disminM fram iia Buperinirn- 
dwic», and l(j# cailiedral was rfpnrtnd n* 
fluubed, RS no doiibl it wm in tbe main 
itiaic. Thrro rnmaiiMd, howar«r, (till 
^jaCMBplcto Mivcrnl inattRn which iU archi- 
' Uet bad intrndnd, amoiiK tlie*e, u bo liiui 
ComplsinMl in I'l'.ilii'paintingoribe cupola 
vtiich Iisd bwn Inbvii out of his hands- 
Tliia li« litd d««iiv<J Hhuuld be executed in 
Bif«aic,aft*rthem8nm.ri>fSl.l'et^r'*»lRfimi' 
(Rlhim, p. !>Ui). Thnru n-a*i alui lii> marbln 
'«IIaMiiacn'iQtiiD(l«d forth' apta, for nhicb 
he bod cau*rd n raoilrl lo br made (Arrat- 
UUia, p. 2^. MB aliKi p. '292 n.) I'arL of 
tUa model ia tiill piwrttd in the catluidral, 
but anhappily it wa:< runBidHred to be too 
fr«fiD»Dtnr]r to ^ii<r authovilatiTe eridencu 
of wbnl Hir (ThnMloplifT liad in(«iided whfa 
Ibe design for iJin prvafnl n'lwlon wn« madn. 

M<!Uinhil», nbniit 1680, Wrnii had bn-n 
inch enmted in thi- runtnraliun of thu 
Teniple nfter tht- fire. Tuiople Bnr Lad beeu 
tvhuill from his diwigna sboul lUTO-^. In 
ib«< Tcaijile ibe cloister m tlie cLii.'f remnaut 
of his work which ran now ba id^ntifiod, a 
rabtUntial building nf no pi^iilinr nrcbitnc- 
ttml merit, lie intmduri^l into tho church 
much omsDxmtDl onk wittnFCOtinit which 
bad nWHpwl tbc fire, iiicluiliiifi a richly carved 
Altai^iiiccc. which was retuut ed as unstiitablo 
cativ ID tbi< iilueieeotb ceiilurj; it h iiuw 
ID )lr. noircH'* miiM^um at Itarnnrd CVtlc, 
Darham. Fall rxconln n( Wren's work at 
th«TclDpIrar<' niTcn inafnrthcDiniiiKVnluino 
ofSlr. t- A. IndM-wicli'* '('nlondnr of Inner 
Temple Rocxird*,' Another of \Vren'» bent 
wmu, ifac Athmolean Miut'iim at. Oifunl, 
waa evecutud diiriiifr ibia period, in ItiiO. 
Ja IdM \\'i*u VTM app-jiutpd by the hiug 
{Cbarka incomplrvllvr of llie work* in the 
BUtl* of Windnor, an ottico of ttmnll aalarvi 
but inTolrinifa coniidBniblr nmmiiit of wnrK. 
Bcaide) uU lliene «p[itTe« of BclivitV Wren 
look aowe iiarl in poliiici. Hevnui returned 

Junea iVt first parliamunt aa member for 
^pton on SO Apnl U)Hii, aod to llie cun- 

itiOD pariiamunt for Windsor on 1 1 Jan. 
68R-t>. Ma was alio nlncted for Windsor 
to Wi!!i»m nnd Mary's first parlianmnt in 
March lttH!».!)o, but the return waa th'tlan-d 
Toid. and Wrun did not vit apiin in parlia* 
ment itnlil h«ints elected forW'rymoulh on 
26 Nov. 1701 lOgkial Selum, i. MS, MT, 

or the fifty-two churches which Wren 
built in Lnodon ■ ciasidMiibU niimhr hnve 
been Mcrificed to tlie utilitarian npiril of thn 
age. Forltinatcly a record haa been pro- 



•erTwl in ' The Paroobiul Cliurchn of Sir 
Christophw Wren' (18W-9. fol.) bj- John 
Clayton (J. 1S«1) Jq, ».l which iiicliidM all 
biit thitv of thow which hareperihlinl; the 
rrat wnra at that, dale tinndiiig. and, with 
the cxc<^tian of l.hmi built by Wren in B 
Uotbic ityle. are included in the fartT-«lx 
examplcH of that book. Wren'rt churduM 
have also bc4in well illualrutvd in Mr. ii. O. 
Birch's ■ London Churches,' l><&a. Of tbuau 
s ((election of about hiilf may be made of 
thotw which are of superior iHl«n<»t ou rari- 
oui account*, and arrangnd approximately 
ner.ordinK to the dale of thoir construc- 
tion: mro r>, St. IWet Fiuk. si, Marv-nt- 
Hill. St. Marv-le-ltow, St. Stephen WaU 
brook, St. DioiiisBackchurch: lH76-»0, St. 
Aon and Si. Agnes. St, Bride, 8l, Lawri'uce, 
St. Swithin; lIl^A All-ilallows TLamea 
Strwrt, Sr. Antholin, St. Clement Danes, St. 
Jamvs Garlickhitho, St. James Weetmin- 
aler, St. Martin l.udpite, St. Mary Mngda- 
kno Old Fiah Street, S',. IVter ComhiU; 
ltt8<VS)U, St. .\ndrew Ilolbom, St. Mary 
Lotbbury. St. Mary Abclmrch ; l&>0-6, 
St. Michael Roval, St, Auguatin and St. 
Faiih (spire), •'^1. Marr Somerset (lover), 
St, \'™la»t (iho atn-ple); 1700, the steeple 
nf St. 1)unatan-in-lh>-Kn>t: 17tM, that of 
Christ {.'hnrch NewKOte StreM ; 170.5, that of 
St. Mnifnuii: and, iu>ilv, ibat of St. Michnd 
CornhiU, built from Wren's deaigns in 1723. 
Evuij one of the«e churches is tu the ar> 
ehit«ct a valiiablestudy in planning. Some 
of them show great skill in their adap- 
tation to irn>gntnr silns. .\mong existing 
churches in this pnrtieiilar raajf be meii- 
tioiMid St, Mary-ui-Hill and St. ClBrae.nt 
Dane*: and among thine that have perirdicd, 
,St, Anthohn, St. Benet F'ink, and St, Dionia 
ilackchurch. In all tbe chu^ch(^H the main 
pmportions are eicelleni, but the minor de- 
taila are not in all gond alikx. But this 
could harn hiinllj hnppniied otherwise, as 
many of them loquin-ii to lie built almost 
simultaneoiuly. Nothinjr that has bi-en 
ochiei'ed in modem ari^liiteciture bns sur- 
paast^ the beauty of thi-ir cunipuniles. nut 
only from the ele^rsnce »f each, but fmm 
their ci>inplele variety, vblb* at the same 
time in harmony with oni" anolhnr. No two 
am alike. The view of the cily of I>ondon 
from thnold Blackfrinrs Bridge (up to about 
the middle of this centnn', when huge ware* 
hoiuea and loftier street liuuses were bc< 
ginniuj; to be erected)-* liew which com- 
prised St. I'aut's, with the church steeples, 
more numerous than i-xisl at pn>sent, grouped 
around it — was srnrcely surpn»»i*d in any 
country, and all Ihi* was (be work of one 
mnu. 




¥ 



Fnim (lie abovu liat it will ho aeen tbat 
wbil* till! ptanB for Si. Pnul't wna b«in^ 
•o anxioiuly and «vcii painfully elftbt^ratmi, 
"n'roTi wM busily fiiigaKeil on otiirr wcnk*. 
Twixif thew in pnrliciilnr mmt bnve floTtcU 
UDrutllnd from hi» (renin*— tin mclv, St . Mftrpr- 
1*-Bn« and St. Btc^phm's, WnlbrooV, TLe 
fonuer, cotonii^iiivd in liiil atxA completwl 
ftbuut six jeirn nrirr, tliuui^li cliinfly Kiuarlf- 
abl« fur its «ii-eple, liM oome Rood points in 
the interior ; but tbe wliolo cTiiirch, pxcqit> 
ing tibe north enTrnnoi", whicb i* ibroUjih a 
hnndinmo nn-h in llin lower, in fnmovod to 
frir bark nnd to axuph cIobckI in wilh bousps 
tlial n plain lolid pxmior wb.k alt tbal was 
rKquin-d ; rrven a iiiuciul purfbuiM? IiimI (O hv 
mii» to prurirtt- li>r tbi> i<U->>iil'' tbo com* 
ISAiuliiu; potiiioit which ii OCCIipo*. Thn 
MW(T (iM WM iiivnriably Wn-.ti'i pTincipIc) 
■Urtu viiibly frnni ihc^roumL It in moiuivit 
■nd wnll nMponi<iniKl,und up to thu cornice 
it an limpli! ni tu ba only just rfinori'd tma 
Hcverity; but nbutv tbt-curniivi and balustrade 
ft banpy cuntni»t. is i)r«Mnl«d by ibe modii- 
latoa and varied richness of the work above, 
ivhicb eommnnc™ with n cireulnr imrintvli? 
of twfilv cn!iim!i« inrmundinjr n cylindrical 
wall, within wbitli is a sUirciise. Abovi? 
tbetc eolumni and ba.w>d un cbeir i-ntHbla- 
lurea riau aa oinny radial inj^rtyin); btitlri"«^, 
an curved aa to gi\« in the BiripygoU' the 
outline of u ribbed cupnln. Thi*' help In 
elreni^lien the iip^ier pnrt* nf the cpire, 
wbicli hnre pnrtnke mort: of Ibe quiicfrati" 
form. The wbols i» surmoiuitrd by a Inrj-i* 
drnirin vnne, wbich, liowover, dova na\ aevia 
at pll dinprcipurtionBtt? tu its supporti). FJni> 
tranuliuns of tif-bt and nbode nrv seen 
tliruu^hoiit, mid w varied muM nf mnwinry 
is enlivened by ninny cunning poepa of the 
Aj ttota the liottara to tho top of the com- 
potition. Thi> nnrh slona is nunicient to 
ulitbliiih tb<^ fame of itH arcfaittii'l aa an 
arliit of ihH bigb^^t rank (tf. FuBaKKolt, 
Modem Arfhilerturr, p. SiA). 

The second of tli* two Ktmcially named 
churohcs «ibibit» an iiitnrior of a merit 
equal, if not ■nprri<ir. In that jiut mentioned. 
Si. Siephi'n'f, M'lilbrouk, wn* commenced in 
lB7a and linlilii'd in 1(179. Fert-iiaaoii 
(p. 'i'ti) has riKhtty praiei'd tbia interior 'us 
tbe luMt plt-nsin),"if any lie nui«»tinci< church 
that brw vet been eri'etr'd,' Thi' great n^iinll, 
true «ign of gi'niiia, bn» nptmrenLly Ijei'n 
iduccd by smnll ''(Tort. 1'he plan ii a 
tplttparalli-Ioii^nRi mnoinrinR on ibe longL'r 
tbal is vast, and weit.eij'bly'lhree fevl, 
on tliesborttr sixly. These are inlenial 
diBention*. Within tbia area are diiipn»ed 
'Btxteen colnmns: twelve are eraplornd to 
•lUToiuid ■ ti^u&TD tpsco showing four on 



oach «ide, otul four otbun ara pUoi^ further 
went «o n« lo form auoihur tMra«lTl« row. 
Narraw aisles ar? li-fl bvlireen tlie colDDins 
and iho sid<^ wallt. The diatancna bMwann 
tbe olnmns in the w|udm an m> atraii^ed 
that thow forming tho mtddia ]isir of oaeb ^ 
side eoinride iritb tbn angle* of an oclaf^on. H 
I'lic enlnblatures nrer IheM ciglit coIoBuia V 
an? panllcl to the ude or end walls, a* nay 
be n.>(juired to give a cruciform effect to the 
tupertitruelure, but aboT« the entablatuma 
spring archee foHowiag tiM nides of thn 
(ii^tngon whieh Intenoct without didOTtion 
wilh the lurfnce of a aplwriea] cupola whicli 
eovern tint whole of tlie central ana, and 
tlio arclie* Ibrm witb the sphere trai* pen- 
denlives, a method of ounstruction wttidl 
Wren used frvquMitly and iKtli the bvtt 
efTect. Thi>exlreiD«tightD«««aiftb»atructare 
ia one of it* merits, iha pKipoftion of the 
supports to tho area bcin{r about one hiin- 
drtdth part ; vrbtle the judicious plauniof; 
of the suppuTts, by ploL^inf; lb«m exatlly 
wheru thry an- wauti^l. salisfSes the eyn 
with thp req^uit«d evidetice of strengtii. 
The oontnat. bel.w<u>.n the square shan-G 
liclow and lb(> cylindrical nod spherical 
shapes nhovo is most oirivviihbi in rwpect of 
form. Tho nrrani^ment also procidrt ample 
uneni! umbered space for thu cungrc^tion. ^m 
The culutnuB are mountwl on jwdtulal*, Ki ^M 
Ihst Ihtiir bs*i<« were always in visw. ^ 
ThrMijilioiH. tbia clinrcb nil ih"? principal 
subdiiiMons nrn bnrmonisrd to thoM con- 
tiguous to them ill pm|)orlions of low 
niimbt'rs. Indeed this was Wren's usual 
melhud. Here they obtain witb eitrvme 
accuracy. As thiN churcb did not occupy 
HO prominent h situaliou as It now does, IM 
particular nit'rntinn to the rxterior vn» 
n>qiiin>d, but the plain lower was snrmoiuiln) 
bv an olrgnnt spire. One of Wren's pirin- 
ciplcs was, that when sufficient funds were ^ 
not available for the vlabotalion of ibe H 
wholu of a design, some one or atat« impor- 
tant features should bo worked np to a 
bigber idesl iban llie rnst,, instead of ailoft- 
ing n lower standnnl for tbp wholv. 

or the next poriod, ^t. Hrtde'a is tfaamart 
remarlinblo church. Intimtally n Bne jM- 
spective is formed on each side by tbuarelm 
of the nave, and exieniully its steeple is a 
benutiriil and well-hnown object. In Bonn 
repnirs which it required in liM, in order to 
fncilitnte the operation the hfiight was (•• 
duei!cl by right foet. The next period, IBSO 
to 1(WJ, innludes some very f^oad cburetie*^ 
.Ml Hallows. Thames Street, now doMinyed, 
bad a slulely internal arcad-.v and pd»- 
spssed, what St, Peter's, Comhill, aiill n- 
t^ns, a very hnndsome carved oak acraen- 



I 



I 



A 




Wren 



9» 



Wren 



StrJtaSnSBnrlMkliiiho, bn* both ■ ir«ll- 
planiiail'&toiDr and * piclan^quo •(eapl*, 
niot inprared by Uia eBUiint harinfi; Mtm 
•tnppvd off tba wklU of the tower. The 
atoiif ■ti.-cpl-? of Si. Mbij HogdaleMu, r^ 
cvntlj luktfti liowD, (liough rnr simple, n-as 
oiM of Wrm's iimu gnirvfuf eaimiauili^f. 
Th» rin^nt Imd-eorerai) »]iir« of M. Mar- 
tin'*, LudsklA Hill, forms an adininblR IV>rv>. 
ftiaimd aibytti to thxi Tiniri nf Si. I'sal'i from 
the wwt. Tbn front of tliia church in nn 
exuppl* of ({aiel wrll-propurliontd Imi- 
mwt wiiew no jirojectioo «■» allowabli'. 
The apin of 31. Auguntin's in Waiting 
Strtet, llio>agb Uw eleg&ut tbaa St. Manin'*, 
hM moMhiag of llw MneTftlii«,c«ntrMiinf 
wilblbe dome of St. TNinlV an sc<nn from ilia 
rBil. St. Jorao'i, Wfilmiii-iiiT, may bi' cited 
tu tlM moat Kiiccoifu] i;xam[>lL- of a nbiirch 
in wluck gsUdriw fonn a fimdnmoutal part. 

Ila MBtnVgKtiiODBl npadtjr is i>^tiiaj-hublr, 

aad tb« n«mii)(^orth« toof if H luun'^lloua 
pice* of fconomic ami fcienliricronfltniction. 
In ibn next pfrriod, Ri. Mary Abchiirch, ox- 
tcraallv n^f pUin. in full of roirrit within, 

Xiatljr tbe cupola and itai pendent ive« and 
' del&iU of we interior, includinft aome 
exeelleot cattioKw br Gibbons. Si. An- 
dmw'a, Uolborn.rikibitoavi-rvlini'iutM'ior, 
pntalbng to a eonaiderable uxt«iit of tlie 
chsncur of St. Jaaaea'a, W«tmin«i«r. Of 
til* chnTcbfi built betnppn IftOO nnd 16P'i 
St;. MidiBcl itfljnl ili-u'rvM loanliiin for itA 
feattSlafal eempiuiiln and for the enrvin)r> by 
OiUioee in tlie inu-rior. Tlu? tower of St. 
Uu; Sataanot Uslillleri atandiiift.afti^r tlie 
di-nin1ilion of tli« cbureli, on Tbe iiortli aidi- 
of ThnmM SlM*t, and fonii» Willi ila erown 
of pinnacle* an rttrvniclj- picliirvaquo obj«Ct. 
Tbefini! *t*^leof Si. VndnJt.onBrlhDflcnn- 
nl I\>at Ofliev, is of tfaiii period. It* da*iKn 
if the must original of all WiV'n'iiciiiupantlea, 
It owM nolEiiiig to BCulptuTu or auy ornntB 
archit<Ttural triiatm^it ; but eucli iv tbuskit- 
fal modolation nf thn maaMS and tbe contrasts 
of lij^t and thndi-, combined with lli« ex- 
ptewion of iLrrnglb, tliat it requiriui no lUfict- 
maer from omantrnt to add to il> Ix'autv ami 
iatpottaoee. Thia fine otji-ct bna tlic nd van- 
tage of b«tng wttll Bern. Tliu Hlmpir of Si. 
DoMUnVin-lbe-EaM dat<w from 1700. U 
i* built in tbi fiolhir «lTle, and in a fonu 
wbich follows t.bn pTOceomit of St. Gii•.^*'*, 
Edinburgh, and St. NiclioW*, Nnnriullrb 
irpon-T^p, At thi»p«riodof WrcnVprofpji- ' 
■rional bf*. ai ovidrne cd by ibi« worli and tbo 
church of St. Man,- AIdi:rniiirj,bnLltin ITU, 
aa well as in liii repair* of Wvilmiiuilcr 
AI)b«7, be abows an appreciation of Qottiic 
arcbiteclafV wlijcb hi; eridtrnlly did not *«- 
t«rtain »o itningly in bi» cnrlifT Jnys. Id 



the work at St. DunMan'a tlieM Is mticli 
fGelinfffbr thp stjlo in whicb be was work- 
ing. Th&t thn apiro yna con8tnict«d in a 
bighlr acicntifie manner do«* not ruted to be 
BlatL-d. la Ibo fine steoplo of 8i. Uagnin, 
built In IT06, he returaad to hi* mnro tn- 
CMiDl stylo and pmdaoid odh of bin lined 
nxample*. l.nsllr, the old towiT of Si. 
M ichncl'i,Oiirnhi if, which bad boeu Ii<ftRliuid- 
inf; when hn mbiiilt thn rhurcb flftv }-Mkra 
oarlier, wa> takrn down in 173S and iwod- 
airuoli-'d in b(dd and rcrvrlfetivn (lotliic 
ftoin his d«i|fni. In afl ibi- nbovit-mpn- 
tioneil beautiful campanile, and indeed in 
Wtvn'a works in gvnnal, aorfitce omament 
form* bni a very auboidinata part of tbrir 
auec(M: tbis i* 'd«rived chiefly from tbe lru« 
elemanta of arcbitsntniv, halnncn nf light and 
ahadf^, evident strength and i««iiritT of coii- 
Hi ruction, aocuTBt* proportion* of tKn parts, 
and the Mjpreaaion of the object of thr 
striiclure. lie show* alio ^reat rcflcrro and 
dOMs not fritter pipeiiao away. 

In IfifiS Wrvn wa» appointed aurreyor lo 
WnitrainitiT Abbfy, ano proCMded lo t-arry 
out i-m- imprirtniil ri-pnir* to that fabric. 
' ParontaliB ' (p. L*9tl) ([ive» hi* rxtr<-mely 
abli* and valuable report to Uenn Allcnhiify, 
dHlwl ITll — pirtlv hiitorical. the repairs 
btiing included w^ich had been executed 
during ihn preriou* NXtevu years, and partly 
on work* pnipoKid to bedooii. lie built ibc 
eentrni inwrr, n» wn »e«t it, sufficiently high 
to atop the crn** mnfi, lin niiide ■ niodel, 
which i» preaorved, 1 liouph in bod condition, 
in the abbm- ; it ahoni llie hciiibt to wbicli 
he ioleTidcd to curry up thi^ tower, and yrovea 
that it ahoitid hate ieen surmounted by a 
lofty »pire. of nn unii*unl niimbor of aidea 
indeed, bul of wrll'nmportionnd outline- 
tie had carefully cnnnidered how thi* addi- 
tional weifjht wn* to Ih! narrifd, Thia part 
of the proposal ha* not been procitednl with, 
bnt the western towers, wliicli furmed luirt of 
the pmji>ct, have been built, but nut as bo 
inlnndnil. Of these works be say* in the 
r«T>ort : ■ I have prrpar^ perfect draughia 
and models *uch a* 1 concnire will agree 
wilU Ihr ori;[inal icheme- of the old archi- 
tect nit Lout uny modem mixture* of my own 
inventiun*' [J'r)retita/ia,y.ilil), Unliajipily 
after Wreo's death his sui'cesion did not 
adhen- lo this wise aud loyal resolution, and 
it i« rasy lo wo wbeto the mnstur-iiand 
Snishe* and whnre the modem mlitur?* of 
inoongraou* detail nbi.mdc thi'mnelves. Tlio 
fine general prnportinn of the towers is 
alone Wren's. 

At an earlier date, about 1670, be bad 
bnilt in Roman Doric the library which 
forms thn north side of the cloister of I.in- 



btrue ^1 
i._ ^^ 



Wren 



9' 



Wren 



coin Catbeilral. In 1608 he van eMvA 
in U> ««ecut« aonie conHiileralilu rupain at 
flAlisbiirr CsUiodral, for whicli 1m made a 
rrry full n-piwr, irrplclc with vsliinlili^ pme- 

wsmi! tuufli-npitlinl rcpnirn, nnd without any 
ulTt'rnliuii to tlic atyle oftbc architoctiirF, of 
wliicb, in WTtrral puaaKUS of the n-purt, lie 
fiiM-iik^ ia praiM. In I68'J fau buill a ri«w 
clinpiil nt Qnenn's Colleg>>, Oxford. In April 
Umi |l''<"'i'ivoRM, p. '244) h^ repnirvd ihn 
stiircofrhichiutorCftthfidmljWhicliliadboi-n 
(fiiiiiui^'d by the wind f.Tiirting too much 
Blruiu upon ihi- wi'Btliorcock, This Lb 
siiccfitfiilly counteructcd by u very aliLirul 
duvico, which is fiillv dtMH-ribeil mid illiis- 
Imlnl iri Ktmes (pp,>JO. ■W5). 1\m Sslia- 
biiry rt^port wui nfterwnrds puhlialied nxparl 
of n history of thnt Rntlm]tnI(Ijnn(Ion, 17^, 
im. t^Tu). but. without naminfc Wntn u Ibn 
«uthor of iht- ruporl. 

Wrvu buill a iit'ur cuBlom-bouiM; in 10<}8, 
but tliib wan burnt dowu in IT1(<, lis iiiic- 
cossor wo« tlieii buili by Ripliij, and this 
ngnin atinrnd the Minip fatu <tbi>iit a hnii> 
dri-d ypiirs nftcrward". 

'I'bo Mimumtrni, tbn Ki>aan ttiric column 

wUioh comniruiorntiM ibu gToal lirr, wus 
buill by Wren betwwn l(J7l mid IG*t<. 
TliL' drawings, which iirt- |ire»yrv«d at All 
Soul*', allow that its tl;^iir(> waa i.Iii> n>«ult of 
much iitiidv w"li iKi'lnwi'd. Wrt'n lind nt 
firal inli^ndnd Ibiit it shoilid havo bi'i-n left 
boHow from tup to hotiom, lo nrrvu us it 
Terlir.iil tulp-'H^opL'-cuhu, to he used fur aalro- 
nuiniciil puqMnc". with a Inrtje ubJM'l-tr1a<H 

Kw>nt«ii to l!ip It'iyiil Society by Itilyglit-ua. 
fvioiM to thti day* of acbroinntic combi- 
nalions powerful IrlMcoju'a rpquiri«d fxcr'n- 
aivf> focal IcMijitb, In thio rnx! cho hi'ijzht of 
thit Monunipnt provi-d in«iillipii?ni, nnd th« 
adnptution was not tuiid<^ (Wtiiii, ^iivi, p. 
101). CoiitraBtiiiK indeed in height witli 
the Monument, but not 1««» tiuCL'fMriil iu 
drai^, i« tlip pudental of lh» equestrian 
atatua of Charlr.« I nl Charlnji I'maa, M urh 
jndjgmnnt ia n'^uimd in rlesigning pedcatnU 
for »tatuc«; they nri- fri-'qm-nl ly mndci loo 
miwivL-. Tbla work was piwult-d, accord iuR 
W Elinei (p. 37a). in 1078. A conRt-uial 
tuiik iniut liavo Uwn ihe ereclion iu ItiTO uf 
tlie (Jrennwidi OUwrvatory. 

In lli"? Wron coiutripiiced the library of 
Trinity nollcgp. Cninliridg". Thi drawinjpi, 
snd n Iftti-r rfforrinu to thnm, nre in thn 
volk-ctiun Bt All Koula", Oxford. The work 
wan not cumpleli-ly <ini«h<xl lill 10!)!.'. Tim 
rusult is cine of th<! hnndnomesl biiildini^ in 
thBCOuntry,rw(uarkablpe\ternallyforbn-Hdtli 
of *ff*ct and correctni>M of atyln, while iie 
interior i» n model of csMlIcnt nrraiigemonl. 



In Ilia \Wt-r refenvd lo Wren propoKu lo 
giv«i 'all till! luouldiugs in giuat,' obaBrrinr 
that ' architocia are scrupolous in »iQaU 
maltnni . . . and aa ki''*! pmania aa crillcbs 
or licrnlds.' In 1678 Le madr a dvai^ com- 
jilotc iti every rmpect. of wbicb Ihp dniw- 
ingi and nliinnle are pr<.'3erved at All Souls' 
Cullajje, Uxfonl, for a tnounmeulal ilruc- 
lure to bi3 erT<vted nt Windsor in memory of 
Cbarlos I, which, if it had been buill, would 
ciTtainlj have provod a nobli* mniuoleaai, 
its cxitimal diainnti-r bi-in^ ti8 and itaboi^t 
by lealn 1 4B tt>rx (for d doiaription iimi Pamt- 
talia, p, 331), In lUSl ho built ilir lower 
o\'er ihe galewuy to Chriat Cliiiruh, Uiford, 
in a Mrle well barmonisiDg wiih Wulwv's 
Tudor Ooihic (t'A. p. 343). In 10*2 Wreu 
pnidiicnl in ('h>'la«a Honpitnl a building very 
]im(^tlml mid w<-ll nrmngnd intoraallr, and 
solid and suhitnnliol externally, without 
oiminK at much artdni^ctual elfi^l. 

The College of Pliyticians iu Warwick 
LHiii>,City,uuwdeelroyed,wa!i built in \VSti. 
The (ixteriinl archit.i-cturei thoueh fc^ so 
ni«nnH wi>ikk, may bo claawd M m ornnWT 
morltj but thn l.lienirn wna nitn^oii'lv gootl, 
the snnta widl arranged for »eeing t^e lec- 
turer, nnd thn ncoualics of lUo buitdinR niJ- 
mirable (Elue^ p. liil. with ^ngTnring). 
Wren's n'urk at Grveuwick TIo»pil«l— ha 
CDvitribiitod ii gratuitously (PiiitLtMoBB, d, 
SR9) — cnnsiaia of two nablp blocks of build- 
ing : it I* among hia bi'al nehievinnanta, aod. 
in compli^li' harmony with the earlinr portion 
by Inifio Jonea. Additionn to Kcoainglon 
l*alBee were made bv XVri>n for William III. 
To these may be add>?d n very fine bulldiu^ 
of its class, llie great school-ni.)io at Win- 
cheater Collegei built whiln Wmn was mb- 
ploytkd on Cliarlw Il'a palace in that citjr. 
Wren alao built for (Jharlea [I the noyal 
tlontiiin! nt Kilmainhiim, begun 1G80 uid 
duiBiied 1(186. He was lung engagtid on ex- 
tensive workii at Umnpton Court Palace (aee 
I.nw, llamptiin C'turl). Several privalo ^h 
hoiiHOs wore buill by Wrnn, of whicli Marl-^H 
borough IIouM!, l.oiidon, may bn cilod aa an ^^ 
exnniple. 'I'hry arc chiefly noticpahlit for 
Btotety nnd good nrranRvtuenls inside, and 
diguilled nobriety outside. 

The All Souls' collection contains many 
drawings for vrorlis in connection with llw 
lloiiawa of Parlisnienl, Whitrhall and St, 
Jamiu'a I'alRcna, and leVdral plana for Uiga 
mnnaiona. of which th« grentor part haw not 
beenideniilied. IleiidesUtecnormouanmaunt 
of labour implied by all that has gonebcfocw. 
Wren's olFice of lurveyor to his mnjwtjV 
wurks entailed a great deal of buwiaeaa in 
refwrenci^, arbitrations, and other matter*, 
which niqiiircd poraonnl allenliun, both in 



I 




Wren 



9S 



Wren 



l.ofidon and in tin? pMTiaci'iu In IjinJon 
beicnoi lo hftvi>l)mi[|ic>(>1cr('|ir«H!Dtativ(' 
ofwbat i* now the Buildins Act,in rnfor- 
eing tli« regulalHiDH jiul furlh suli!>ei)unil lu 
tL«|rTvat Bn^bya royal iirorlHiii«ii'>ii( hi 1,11 E«, 
up. S0>\, 44'J). Of lh« iliiriy-hiv compnniiu' 
ballawitich an: nnnm! na Wtvn'ii work, mnny 
h*va bMn ivbiiilt and nil tootv or Iru on- 
Urncd uid allorcd. What frntaJnn of his 
warii W cbiedv lo he fuund in tbo intvriurii. 
BnrWMB' Ilftll, IkiiIi within and witliuut, 
conuins MRie cIitiractcrisTii.- porliunH. 

ilsving bwo appoinlivl bv (h>> Sl.uartg to 
the oOm of DurrRyor-j^nfrnl, Wivn mlnin^d 
tiM MTal favnui' unrloudi'd thro<i)tli tiin 
raigns of William and Mnry and lJuoi?n 
Anne: but on ihe accunion of thi> llaiiii- 
nriaii faoiily in ITlt the j)!utoiiBi<!H which 
kis bish poaicion bad civati^d wen- ablo Ui 
nrermil ogninM bim. At flrtt iw ws4 Siib- 
jaetod to rrpi»<cd nnnovnocpo, hut aflor 
aaTinir endured Iboao for tant i-rnn, diiring 
wbiicb timu 1m vnt abln to compbttc th» 
fabric of St. Paul'n, ho wiu finallv super- 
•eded in l;i1il,*iid U'illiam lieaaoii i\m-2- 
17M) [q-T,j waa oiado »urv«yi)r-f;Ufierul in 
Us pUm (I'lw. JIamptim Court, lii. iiH 
■77-1 Wrwi after thi» mtirpii from jiracti- 
ral Ixirinan, retulninjc only thn aiipTvitmn 
of Wc»tiniiialer Abbey, which he hidil until 
bia d«»th. 

For the Istl Ct0 y«n of hiii lifi? M'rc^i 
T«>ido<l much in u housr' at [lampluu Court 
which ho h«ld on lease Tram ibi^ crown, 
but rIbo nccupiotl a boiiiui in 8l. jArai>«'> 
8tnH-'l, I'iccndillr. Cln one of bin jouriirya 
lo th- Londun hoMso lie look n rliill, ond 
died after a ibort illneu. on I'o I'eh. 1723, 
in ibe ninety-fint vear of bin ap^. He wbm 
bmnad pb fi Marrb' in Si. ItiuI'd Calhedral 
und*r tho wiitb aialif of the ch'jir, iieHr ihe 
na«t end. Ilia auccnntor aa archii'.'i:! of ihe 
catbedral, Itobcrt Mylite [q.v.],c«Li8ed to bo 
pUiwd in hii bononr nn inarription at Om 
entnnctt inlo Iha choir, cndinfr with llio 
worda *Si uonumeuiuni rcqiiiri*, circum- 
■p;c«.' 

Hi* belt known portraiia of him are: 
(1) Bt the Royal Socivtv'a room* in Biirliu^ 
loa Uoiuc, bcliorad to be by Sir Pcior I.elv, 
tiiotigh thcTB Mcana aomn sraund for attn- 
buting it to Sir floilfrcy Knellor ; (3) tho 

K~elttr« by Sir Godfn-y KnclU-r in tUi; 
atinnal Portrait tiallny, London ; (3) n 
rlrait in the Deanery, St. Paul'a; and 
I tb« ptcfila on^Tcd in tlie ' Pftrenlatia.' 
* ithea^(8) AI18onl«'Colle(reLibf»i7 
MMcaatof tbnfftc« taken after donth, 
.rhiob sppMn ta conlirm pnrtinilnrly thi^ 
tikeneaa eiioirn bj- 1 and 4. lEi) Thc'ro i* 
also a t>i»t of Wnin at All Soula', and (7) a 



portrait by Sir Jamca Thumliill in the Shd* 
donian. A fin« (rroup "f Wren's worlo, dB> 
■i}-liL>d by C R. Cockerell. wua FXhibiti;(I at 
tho Itoyut Acadeioyiii 183^; ureii'iofHl cupY 
furuiK llii> fronii'pii-ci' tii Mian Philliuion?'* 
bioffraphv. Hy bia will Wren left hi* nnrhU 
lrctnrBldr*winjr»(oAllSoijlii'Ci)l!i-iri'.when> 
l.her hare bi«n 'lunind and cntnloeiipd with 
ddo venc:nition for hi« memory' (Uckrow*, 

Worthiet 'if All Sault, p. iSS). 

Wnn enjoyed Intiuiat'^ frfciidaliipa with 
the bL'Ht and iiiosl acienliflc nir-u of Ilia aiw, 
amuiut whom may bit named i^peciallv Htib- 
lyn, Itnyl*, Wnllia, laani^ ftamiw, I(nlli-y, 
Bud Nnwion,to whom may li" added llonkn 
and Flninsteed; and (lie fapl of hi* bnvina 
preapTved thf continuous fnendnhip of thu 
iwu liut named may be taken aa evidence 
of the amtabilily of Iiia temper, for neitlii*r 
waseaay ta^t on with. Hemtifitalaohave 
reclconod ttaang hi* fricniU a cRl«hratod man 
who WKi an ini.imato aMociatc of bia oouain 
Matthnw Wren— namely, Karauel l^!(■ya. 
Miu I'hillimorv (p. HiS) thua auma up 
Wrvn'* character: ' Loving, gentle, modenl, 
he was a* a boy ; and the famoiLt archiiw:! 
poMeefiod those qiialitina sijll. In a corrupt 
age all IiutimDny Imrea him irpntlew ; in 
pnaitiona of grml trust and ctiU gmatcr 
dilTicHUy bia inteprity wnn but the more 
oloarly shown by the attackn maiie nRninst 
him; among th^ forumOBl phitoaophent of 
hia ag« be wn* a fttrlking example tlial 
"tfverv gowl gift nn<l oivrv perfect gift la 
from aliove." No child could hold ihn Iriilh* 
of Chriitianlty with a mont undoubting 
fttilh than did Sit (^hrisloplier ^\'n?n.' 

In addition lo the lectureH and reporta 
above mentioned, Wren It'fl a few tracts on 
occaaioual aubiecta coiiriecieil chiefly with 
architecture. Two of th**e, both unforla- 
■lately incomplete, nn> publiahed in the 
• Parentalia.'ntidn.'priniedbj KlmeafApp.x. 
pp. 118, JL'3), and a third was obtoinod in 
manuscript by Miiu I'hillimore and printed 
(pp. 341 el seq.) There arc uUo in tlio 
' Iventalia ' atlemplH made by Wren lo 
reatoro tba Sfaosoleum nl llHlicnrnnMn* and 
the temploof Dinna at Kphptin*. Thpae arv, 
of coiiraf, stipcrtediwl by mcir«i niccut mstora- 
tiona,auiated by data obtained by excavation, 
liolb of llipna, however, setrm to allow all 
that was [Kutiible wilL thu acanly hiatoricnl 
data which nerf then accessible. In one of 
the two incuuipM>> tract* rvferred toabovo 
ho ahowg that the apbericnl vaulting he to 
ofl«n naed ia alao the llghtetrt ronatroction 
that can bo rmplnyed for luch a purpoar. 

In I)pcembi'r I'itM) Wren married a lady 

to whom it may bo iuferred be had het-n for 

: aomc year* much attached. Faith, dauf-htor 



Wren 



94 



Wren 



of 8ir John Cogliill. TluTe wore two M)n* 
tv lliin mnrringi!— (Jilld^rt, bom in 1B72, 
who ditil beforv be wm two j-i«r» old; uid 
l^iriMopli-.-T, wliu wtu bom on IH Feb. lO'ii 
only » row inoTilIialwfunthianuUwt'sclMUli 
irhiek ronli place iu ilie fullo wing September 
(I'ltiMiuouii, p. 203). In lti« jMr follow- 
injt \\'mi laiuTicil n incoiid tiun — Jnnv, 
daugbti-r of liord FiixWillinni. Two chil- 
di*ii vivtr ibe fruit uf Ibii mnmaKi'— Jiini', 
born in llITi ; uu<l Willium in l(ITi>. Tlieir 
mother iii«ij iii lUv Utlur year (I'A. p. J'iff). 
WiUiun *urviv«J 1ii« fatbt^r, Hiid diud iu 
irsS. Jann nm for mme yunr^ her fntlicf's 
ccqiatunt couipaiiion, but ujci), n^d 20, nn 
^ Dec. ITX):;, IWL'nir yitana bcfoK bin own 
dMLtb. VvTY tuucliiiig ii tbu npilnph on \xcr 
lomb ill St. I'uul'a i-rj'pl. 

CitKiKTornBU WRrji(lC7&-ir47),tliviuu 
of hi* Ant wif>-, was vilucatod at ^[oii tiid 
i^enibrok« llnll, C'limbriil^o, wlticli I10 i^n- 
tcnxl in IKi'l. but left willioiit a de^rw. 
Uu Uid iu ITlOibo iMt utmir oTtbBUntont 
wbiob Hurmouiiti tbc dumo of St. I'tLul'ii, in 
■he preseniw of bin futbt^r. Ua rejin-sciiTsd 
WiiidHor ill pnrlianiHnl I' VA-MHO^iai He' 
turn Mrmh. 1/ t'arl. ii. iU, 37), iiij died on 
ra AuR. 1747 (ffnar. May. 1747, p. 447; 
Lfttmof Eminr-nl Lit. jtf<*n,(^nii.li'ii Hoc. p. 
Slli). Hw first wife wn« .Mnrj-, dau^btor of 
l^iLp Murard, jewi-lli-r lo Ijueen Anno. 
Hid second wife, OunaluiiCf, daii^litAr of Sir 
Thomu Middleton. and widow ofl^r Kugur 
T)u)^OTn(-, b«rr., died on 2^ Ma^ }7AA(Ornt. 
.Mag. 1734, p. 27(1). He coIl(«t«<l ibedocu- 
uii-ntii whitib form tbu ■ t'nrnntaliu,' nfter- 
ivurdu piibliib'Mi by bin ion Stcphi^n in 17.'iO, 
aud dudic-ated to Artbur Onslow [q. v.], 
apeak^r of iIil- Iluun^ of L'ominuns. Two 
loftem wiitlwn to him by .Sir Cbriiiluph(.-r 
wliilo bn wnn 
Miu 



Uiitn^H 
iaiT. wSM 




a bn wan iiuite n voulb are priuted in 
. rbillimniu II • I.if.- ' (pp. 2N!, W'J). and 



pDpTs'* Diary, od. WbrnolM- ; Sfnt'» 
ft Itoyal itocioty, 1667; Rvdju'* iHary. 
Whitiiifv. 1S79; I]aoka'<OMnta,16Te : BojU^ 
bUrt.ni.Ilr>iy,|g7»;N«*toa'aHriBeipk.l6ST; 
Wl|J^i'l Lira of Orobam PtaTMnon. I74(lj 
tlircb'* Hilt. Rujal f^niviy. 1730 ; Wtltl'. Bia 
KothI Surivlj, 1848; BiuSFnpbia Brit 
ITflS. vi. lSi9-«STS: P«tgttHOD'> nirt.< 
dcm ArchiitrrtDra. 186! ; PapvnttfaV [ 
.\roliiliictnrD ; Milniaii's Aiin^lii of Si. 
ISaS: Liincinnii'ii Thrpe CathcilikiaofSt. 
187»; Iteuraea Cotieclium, eJ, floUc. 
Wood'i Life and Tinmt. <^. Clark (OifKnl Hi 
Sof.): Ittinvwx'* Wort^iwof AllSoula'ColUK* 
H. B. UazdiDer* a«ci*tor of Wadbam Coll. 
DxfMd; Itiginald ]ttom*flebI*a Bamuwnca 
chit«clBM ill EnnlAiid, leUT.J V. C I 

WREN,.M\TTin:\vri5fi.viert7t.bi-b 

of Ely. I'ldost »on of Francii Wn>ii ( l-Vi 
lti:f4 ), mi^rcpr, of Lnndcm, by bii wifn SuMDr 
wua born iu tlia pnriiti of St. rdvr'a Clwsp, 
Lundou, on ^3 Dw. ISttO (baptuw<l J Jan. 
l'>SO). Tliefamily.uTigiiiallv&um DpDinark, 
WM HXtbxl in Durbani iu Vie Gfli-entli cen- 
tury. Wrrn> fnllier, onlj- »oii of Culhlntt 
Wrrn (iI, iS'jfl), waji bom at Mi>nli'ti Kirbj, 
Wnrwiclitbirr ; lie is mid lo bavn krpl, as a 
bubvrdiuilicT, 'tbe comer atall, next iiiit« 
CUt'an-Cpo»»«'( ft'nm't Anatomjr, Iftll, p. 2), 
SirCutulaptifrrWn^ [q-v.J waa bia nephew. 
(cf. pedigTM in Genniloi/itt, 11 j. 1884, i. 

ia8.lBeo,vi.ia»-7l). 

Matlbuw WM n proif^'- of l.«)inM<lot A 
drcwojt [q.v.], tb(^n miuilcr of P«nibrolte III 
Cauibrtd)rr, and beuce wu iiduckt«d nl IVnv-j 

brok« Hall (udmitlL>d L>3 June 1601). II*| 
graduated B. A. iu lOOl-o, waa elected follow 
oil '1 Nov. lUOS, Kradiinted M..V. 00 2 Julj 
lOOS (incorporated el Oxfon) on li July 
ItHlKliordnincd deacon on 30 Jen.,ptie8i oa 
10 I'Vb. imo 11, and ^dtinledRD. in lOlS, 
whi-ii .\udn'«i'i mnde liim hi« chaplain end 




akuw thnltlicirtDlalioiiilonnrnniilhci' wnii' BUvi'biuiil'l.MiiyltilJHhorcctoijol"lVtTtii- 



of an elTeotioiiate cburucti-r. 'I'Ik- youiiiii^r 
CbliBtoftwr wan nIho n numismntiiit of lomu 
repiile ^ IIeakse, CollKtiom, ed. Doble. ii. 
3IH).)ind publislicd in 1706 (Loudon, 4t<>) 
' N urn in mat II ni Antii|iioruni 8yllogu.' llis 
jmrlmit, cn([iaviid by ^'aber, forms the froii- 
Uipiccc of ibe ' I'nreiitaliH.' 

(Thr main authority for Wrcn'n lifo in I^ipcn- 
lAlia. or Memoir* nf tbn t'nnilly ol tba Wn-its . 
. . . foiBpllail liy (he Arcliilwt'a «m t'briilo[>her | 
WiTji anil publishoit Lj Sivphen Wren. London. 
mo, fob Utber liiw of WroD »i» : Elm™"- I.ifr 
ofSlrChnnlophnr Wrnii, 1H*J.1: Pttiliimorr'* Sir ' 
Cbri*lup1ii<r Wr«<[i. hi- [''iimily mil Tinu». ISSI ; | 
and Stralloti'n Life, Work, md InHuonoD of Sir 
Cliriitopbcc Wren, prinlol fur privntii nruntii- 
liiia, IB97. Swt n\vl C;>1. l^tatv Paper*. XKiiii. 

1668 ffi. paMim; Lniiiell'a Brief Rabitiou; 



liuui, CaiubridueKbirc. Janic« I, wiici bad 
lahi-n iioiicu of bia skill in academic diipu- 
talioii (!i>' bnd nrgu«d that the kintt'a dog* 
' might i>crfi)rni mon* than others, by <he pre- 
ra{(ntivu'l. M|>nnint4<d him (27 Jen. 1021-2) 
uhaploiii To L*nncc Chnrlrs. IVin^c mti» 
D.I>.(10;23,in»)rporatndat()xrordonSl Au^ 
1636), he anmnpanied IVincc ('baric* to 
Spain. Onhivretunibt'wusinslaik-d^lONav. 
1623) pppbf'idary of W'iricb«ii.>r, and next 
ynnr(l7 .May) vrss induclt^ totberoctoif 
of IlinKbnni, Nnltinghanisbir«, on which be 
rrsiinied(M Nor.) bi> fellowship. On ^1 Jiilj-< 
10:^ be waa udinitlcd niiiAt«r nf Peterh 
Cambridge, and prai>-d binnvlf a aiiccvufD 
licad. Up looked nfter ib«> ciJlego ivcotdi^ ^ 
iind colleeled mouev for buildinjr n new ' 
cbapel (dedicated ITManih 1)132-3), when 



I bsiatroilart'i 
1 On M JuU 1 



Wren 



95 



Wren 



bsiatroJartvl the wrvic? in Lktin (lA. p. 3). 
OaSlJul) llt-Jt^ be WM iniil&lle'l Jcan of 
%\'itii)ior (ami WolYnbanpton), cirT^ing 
wilb il tlia dulM* of (w^jitMr ot lb* Gattft. 
ft« mot wilb ChkHr* I to ShqeIiuk) in 
1633: on JO Ckt. t'bHTlm lude bim ricfk of 
ibe cIum4. C>n U Ma; ItUU l» wu tUfma 
mgomraoiot (li* ChartertuxiK. On 6 l>«c. 
ISM liu was ek«lMl biiib<>p of lIuKfovd; 
ihii roided bit WjDebMtor »ih11, I>iii in it* 
plan> be wu oominatfi) (IH Fob. l&tl-lS) l« 
• (tall at WolmioMcr. t]« had r»ieni;il 
bia nuitrrdiip on ^ Jan., and in Mid to 
bare iDf(!raM(«] himoplf in tliv ap{»intinmit 
o( John Cotin fi). r.] lu ha tiK<:vamr. Hi> 
<ra* voiMevniM at Laoibrib oii £ March 
bT I^tid (Snnma, UrgUtrmn .Saerum At- 
t/linutuM, \iW), Tlwiigh bi^ hi>l(l thn mk^ 
for cigbl iBaDtlii nnlj, and lui nlnrk of tlu^ 
doMt WR* much abwnt ftom his dioccw. hv 
riunnd ■acne of ibc (iimliiioi uf u cftnablii 
l^vpnior: be di)[FBt4.'(l and ri-furmcd thi' 
Blalutes ol bit ca(h«dial and iiuprovvd iU 
nT«uiM. Hit viulatioci arliclet (lOS'l, -llo) 
mm inqaiHtnrial in chantct«r. On 10 Xov. 
ISK b<- ira> rli-cifd bubop gf Norwich, rv' 
tAininA fiii WntoiiaMar mbIL On 7 Mnivb 
I6^> lie wu miulir dean of thn Cfait{i(>t 
KuvhI : hi- rmigDMl ou II July Iti'll. 

At Norwich b(<»a[<ccr>di!d Aiirelattr, KicbnTd 
CorWt [■). v.], u'bi> bad never ahowii any 
loTS for pnrilans.nnd had tak«R procecilin)c* 
•ICaiiui tluin. Yi>t. l.aiiil, nt hin cixitalion 
( 1B.V)|, found tlir diociMc * much out of otdnr,' 
and pspecltnl Wtva to ■ toJia euro of if.' 
Wrva'n vistlBtiun afliclm (ItllKI, Jto) un? an 
ezpaBMouoftboW) for IK-refurJ. Tbi^ Bniiili 
UnMumcniy(61uO,c. 20) buduii appendix of 
tw«nly-»ij[lii 'paitioular orders' lU nianu- 
•cripi. The- public mind wasaoon OKCtCed 
ojiBiiut Wmi b; William I'rTnne [q. v.], 
uTilinf aa 'Matthew White' in'Xewn* from 
Ipswicli,' 1 631}, Ito, wliich at oneo ran t h t«iij[h 
thrvif •■ililiont, and mu ri-printcd in Ittil. 
Wna'tOKn r«f urts, tu suuiniBni«l byl'Uiid, 
«XpUin how, is (ma than two ^eara and a 
half; lui had rouMd th« puritaniRDi of Kast 
Aulia tea danftDrouanit«hnfn>lH'llio>u fury 
4WlUKTO.v,fp.640,frle). Clnmndon n^lntr* 




wonllhv nianitraMuri>'(//u(. IBSHv ri. ISS). 
Wim Unucir affimis {Angnvr to ArtkU* </ 
Jfl^nocinait ; Par*ttlaiia, p^ 101 ) <!>>' '1*^ 
Bignlian w*i a qimtion ot wa^ ; ihnt. it 
b^BU) in Corbut's titof, and wan at its bright 
In the Rrst balf*ircar of tJw apiDcopalv of 
Richard Montagu [q. r.] Owinff tn his 
lit«mic&1 biOK'Mgs Im waa (nlacted oa ono 
of ih« roTiivn of the new roiiiBivn-'piajreT 



k 



bootf for Scotland. !■ April ]«38 he ira« 
Iranglated to EI7, aaccoeding Iranci* Wbitti 
[T *■}' *-^ '" ''''* 'l''^'^*'*'' tip pumicd the 
iuun« pidit^ ■■ in that nf NoTwich. and by 
tbo aama metboda. tlis Ely riiiitnlion ai^ 
tide* (1688, 4to) ore an cxarl duplicste of 
th<wa fur Norwich- Hi* acted nil along, it. 
•bould bt> said, uudvr the couitant «iip<Tvi- 
aion of Laud, confirmed by direct in«tra«> 
tions IVom the king, which appcamd on ihd 
ntfliyinx of laud's rgport*. 

On Ul l)i'4-.. Ift40, the day nhcT Uind'ft 
irapcachmniit, John HnmpdMi acquaintiM) the 
Dimv of Lords tluti the cvmmona had re- 
ceived informations a^inst Wkd. lie waa 
bound in 10,000/. for bis daily nppe*»noe; 
on ^3 Pec. lhi> bi»linp« of Ikngiff, Llandaff, 
and I'diirbomugh became jnint nuri^iie* with 
him. A cnnunii.ti'n of the commons drew 
up nine atticlRi of iinpeachment. on which 
th<? commoni resolved (o July l&ll) that 
\^'rcn was nnlil to bold any officie iu tbe 
church or common wrntth. A coiiforencn of 
both houKea waa held on £0 July for tba 
IransntiMion of tbe rrticlea of iiDpeadunMit 
(enlnrgvd to tW(TntT'fonr),whi-n?iirThoiiui 
Widdringlmi [i^. v.) delivered n florid speech 
ursing procoiHlmHs attninsl W'reu (4>. Tho. 
It'iddriiifftani SpeeeA, 10-11 : I^arenfatia, f. 

IS). Wrm pri^parfd uu cloliurale defence. 
No proceedings won* taken ; but on .'W Dw. 
Wren was aent lo the Tow^r with othMr 
bishops ud detained till 6 May UUtf. In 
ltM2he pmanntnd a ]H^tilinn t') parliument 
' in dffence of cpiscopneie' (iliiAoa Wmi't 
i'eliiion. \&V2). On :IU Au^-. UM'2 his 
episcupal rusidc^nce at Ely whs searched for 
ammunition by ' a troop of wnll-afTected 
homemeo ' (JovftUl Xfu:r/ /rem the liU of 
Ely, 3 Sept. l&i), who, by ord-r of purlin- 
laent, arretted and brotiglii him to London 
(1 Kept..), nhcji be wna aifun conunitted tu 
tha rower (.4 Trm IUtati<m. a Sept. ItHL'). 
tie continued while m tin- Tower lo per- 
form epiacopal acta, buch ad tbe iastitution 
of clmy, and kept up bis register. In die 
terms offisred hr parliament to the king at 
Uxbridgo (33 Nor. IBM) ho wnn one oi 
those excluded from pardon. He is mud tu 
have held inlnrcoumc with Moncb, Lis fol- 
low-prinoner (1W-1-(1), and to have given 
MoncJc bi* bhwsiiig on the uuderatandiog 
that be was going to do tlie king ' the bsst 
aetvico he could" il,\ff "f /laitdck, 1791, 
p. Id). (In U Marcji 1648D the commonM 
resolved thnt be Ih: not tried for life, but 
impri>oned till further older. During tbo 
interregnum be was much eouauliid on 
church ullaira by Hyde, wiib whom Ik> cotn- 
municnled through John Derwick (Ifil^-^ 
ItJ&l) [q. v.] Ct«m««ll more thoa onoo 




Wren 



96 



Wrench 



cflprci] him bin llbpn^r ((iiic(! through hia 
nupUnir (.'hmtnphrr), bill Wren d«cline<l 10 
Bckriowlcdjfo hia favour or nini hisnullioritj 
(Parngfn/io, p. 31). TIjp ofdet for hiH liia- 
churge wan givun an lH .March 1I3SB-S0. 
Hi) viait nut ftllowvd tu nluru to Uis pnWv, 
bill livoi) in Mgiii^'8 till iliH Itt^iurBtiuu. 

llin xniil 'in piirtfing his diocMH fruio 
(lii>air<!clrd miniNturo ciirni^il liiin to crrat 
length*. Iln ri'iiiittMl (ho rii;ht.fiil title of 
Uiclmrd Iti'jnolcU ifolliM ol Itichord Itoy- 
iiolils. bi»hou at IJutolii [g. v.j) ta tiia 
riicl«ry of I.ov*rinBton, Irymji to put in 
his own iiotuiiiee, and when OhsrW II 
bi-ggfld him 'to ifivti no further distur- 
buncft,' ho ' bliimlv Niid, "Sir, I kuow thu 
way to ilie Towur"' i.KK\sii.Tt; Parru- 
talia. p. 30). A» vi»itor of I'l-tKriioiiiin hn 
HupoLulfd (Zl April 1003) JcHL-phltpaiimnnt 
(IlilH-HiDU) [<). r.] to lliu mnslor^hip 
' b,v a Htrelch uf uower ' setting unidu thu 
iiominalions "i tIi* fellows, out- of ttie 
nnmineitt btiinj; Itann Itarrow (llS30-I67~) 
[i[. T.] ile speut oviT S,tlOO/. in build- 
ing (bu new chnjir! at IVmbrokc Hall (foiin- 
ddtiou luid 13 May lt<tt3, finUhL-d lm^). 
IIIb bubJIs thruu((bout lift? witre thosu of a 
hacdv M'liolar, tiii at five uud suldoni iii bed 
till eW^'O, 

](cidii'datKlvIloii)u.>,IIolborn,on'2JApril 
16lt7, nnd wiu burifid in the chnpel he had 
built nt IVnibroke llnll. Cambridge, llie 
fiinrrikl oration, in Latin, bnin)^ dntlvorod by 
Jobn I'l-BTJon (1013 lei8(il|q.v.;, thi^n miwf.iV 
of Trinity (prmifd in ■ I'ari'ntoliji,' p. 3ft). 
An early and line porlruit, eiiftrivud by 
Van dijr Oin-'lit, i" in ' I'arenlalia ; ' a cruiii! 
woodcut, etidently a likeness, is on the 
title-p»g« of* Wrvn's I'eiiliori,' IWl.'; other 
contemporary won<lciiIs are mere carica- 
tufM. I!i;wor« II rull'. His nlfo Klixnbeib 
(£8Um. HMllj.wbom homnrried on l7Aug. 
10S(», was bora at Kiucsball, Sulfolk, 1 7 Oct. 
ItiOI. She is believed lu have been daiit(h- 
tw of Thoinss Ciith.T, and widow of Itobert 
Brownrigp (f/r^ml^juf. IflOO, vi. 1701. He 
had uino children, of wboni fievural diwl iu 
infancy. 

Wrrn pitbliAhi^l n sennon (ICST) and a 
tract, ' Xn .\bBiidoning of tli« Scoti«h Co- 
venant,' IttfJ'.', ilo, wriltun ' in prison,' and 
published to prepiire his clergy for ilie ro- 
uunciuliiin of the covenant, in airt'Onlouep 
with tlie Uniformity Act. From a large 
book of 'critical nitulilations,' coinpoavd in 
thnTower, hi« ion Matthow isiit*d a volume 
of poli^mipnl iiilerprt:ln(ion» of Scriptiin-, in 
answer to the lUt'oviiin cnti-ehiaui, entitlnd 
'Inerepatio liurjesu,' ItklO, -Ito ; it is in- 
cluded in thu ' Critici Saeri,' ItitiU, iz- fob 
Ilis cldost child, MATTHEW Wbek (tU2!)- 



■Vft 

i-7 

i 

toafl 



1672}, born on SQ Au;. 16^0, wu edu 
r«i«(l at botli unirersitiot (M.A. Oxfur 

9 Sept. lOai), wa« mcmUrT to Oar«n(Io«1 
1860-7), M.P.for St. MiebM((16«l-T-2),anr 
H!cr«t«ry to James, dukeof yofk(IB67-7L*)| 
hu was one of tbe council of the Itoyttl : ~ 
cietv named iu Charles IFs original charte 
dat^d ].'. July 16<}J (Sprat, tli't. 1007, 1. , 
A&), and was a prominuni mrimlipr uf the 
Mcifitv. He diiKl on 14 Jimii 1S72, being 
burii'il with his father at I^embrok* IJali, 
Cambridge. Hu wrote : 1. ■ Conridnratioit* 
on .Mr. llarringlou's , . . Oceans,' IB57, 13ma 

ianuu.) 2. ' Munaruhy Aeaerlvd ... in Vin- 
licatiun of the Considerations,' ltJJJ9, Sio; 
2nd edit. ]<ltiO, ^vo, lo which Uarrington 
replied in his ' I'oliliCMtw,* lyondon, ItlSO, 
«vo. 

Othnr ROUS wore ThomM Wr»n (ISWt- 
107»), M.D. and LL.W., an original F.lt.S., 
arebclencon of Klv l(W3: CharleB Wren (</. 
Itlttl ) ; and Sir William \\'reu ( |li;l»- 1689), 
knighted l«»o. M.l>. fur Cambridge I68Q-? 
(Omeaioaut, 1879, iii. 3U, r. :t30). Th«, 
bishop's uaught^r, ^iifan, WMwcond wife < 
Sir Itobiin Wright [q. v.] 

[Siephro Wreii'i I'lraatnlia. ITAO. contains 

lifo of Matthew Wren, with nppcndii of dncn- 
niimu ('It )>. 133 !■ amluabli! tint of r.imitydxtaa^ 

10 1 K6'i by ibe biFhap), On this is fuumlol Uiv ' 
arlids ill DioKmphta iSritnnniea. 1*03, vi. 13S3. 
Wr«u'ii Aiialoiii)' (IQIl) is billfr but contains 
fnds i TliB Wren's Nt«t Unfiled (IW) and Thn 
Uytor (IMIJ aro lomtiooD*: A Host Stmngs 
Ijttur (in4'i} i* an avidiint forgery. Sea alM^H 
Prynnu's Oantcrlnirin D'Wnii'. 16(0; Ilfylyn'ii^l 

ami Trysl of Laiid. 1(174: Llojd'e Mtmoirci. 
1888, p, flll : WiKxl's Athonm Oion. iBIiw), it, J 
8S&: iWsLifeof Usthxr, 1888, f. 303 j K«ii-S 
nott'n RcgiiTcr. 1728; Gmuarr'a Bicgr. Hint. "t^M 
Kiiulnnd, I779.ii.l67; Piick'iiDe»ider*tnCiirioi«i„ ' 
ITTU. ii, 888; he Nets's Vwiii (Hsniy). ISfif; 
Gardincr'a Hist, of England. IS.S4, liii. 334j 
Fmtor's Aluinni Oion. IftUO-l?)!.] A. Q. 

WRENCH, BK.NJAMIX (I7r8-iei:{; 
acloir, wan bom in 177» iu London, whe 
bin father occupied 'a lueruliv^appoiutmnnL 
in the excbeouer.' He seems lo Iwt« benn' 

STindson of ^ir Henjaniin Wrwicb, .M.D., of 
orwich (tl. 174", ««»«! f*2) (»i^' yflm and 
Qattirt, 'itb ser. v. ■I.''), llii father died bo- 
fotv he rcachnd his loVRnth year, and havinjf 
<l<>cliiied a priilTntiBd living and a cummissioa 
in thn army oflertid by General Tryoti, a ru- 
lativr, Wrtucb ailopu-d the stage as a pro- 
fcfiiioii. making hia lirst appearance at Stam- 
ford. Whatever ability lie liad wa« slow in 
ripening, and he had to nhoariHi for four- 
t<wndaystliepartofFranci«inthe'Sli 
before he could be alloircd to cmbj it. 



« 





W'rench 



97 



Wrench 



Itobinson Taylor, Uic ci«ii«itffr of tbu Not- 
lin^hnin circuit, whum lio murricd, (!inu^Ii«1 
bim nnrcfuUy niiil brouchl out audi aUilitv , 
an be ])o«sewvi]. lie Ibun joinud in York 
UuconpUi(ofTkl«WilkiuM»i,«hoM praise I 
he obtuned, •nd ]iroc««iiled lo EtUnbiirgb, I 
ith«re with oomfilcl'! tunnr'M hi> jilnynd . 
Olhfllo, (lOnonicr, Job 'riionilicrrj, nod 
Jemaj Diddlcr. 

When Hobcrt William EtUttcn [q. v.] iu 
1804 Diiitt«d Batb, he waa rcjil»f«(l by 
Wrrnca, wlio uiuIh bin spiiciiiiiUL'u uuo Jua. 
ItjOA a» Ooswuii-r iu ' Ii&'i^'b v/hmi you can,' 
tad Walt«r in 'ChiiJrtn iii (be Wood,' 
OieT*riI in Kolcrod'* • lh«orU>l niiiightflr," 
Aircourt in IFKcwflit't 'Liu of tbn IM;.' 
Young Itopid in 'Cure for tbu lli'ortiicbi:',' 
Doneourt iu tbc ' UcUf's Simingi-iu,' Ho- 
ludo in * llunc'jiuoou.' Sir Itubeil l^mbtd 
in 'Evi^ry one \\aa his Fault,' B^aucbaiup in 
•Wbich ie iW Mao?* Job Thonibrriy in 
'John Bull,' Jeromj DiddW in ' Itamin^ 
tbo Wind,* Sir Cbnrln* itnckot in ' Thtw 
Wnik«it(terMairiiftr,'uid JoAier in 'Vunicv 
PrcaurvL>d,'(btlowcd(luTiiifftb,u uiuian.n'Licb 
1 tlw LtaC iu ihe uld Batb ibfutrt'. In tbv 
r boweWronvb opvuc>i) onlfULK't. I^>0A m 



Bnoria t&e'Ca(ii.le^l>eci[«.' IIi> uluyvd ilnr- 
iac UM feMon Arc^«r in 'Iteaiiv'Mralweni,' 
OllMdOiBrlcourin'Wcjir lmllnn,'nnd I'lHlro 
IB llio 'Pilniin.' Ho tbon tvtunird (□ York, 
andirbile tlieru rvcvivud on oQcr frvm Urury 
Iiaae,wbL-ri! bi- ■[ipusrud, wiib the cuinpuuy 
then t".-niiKirarily occupying ihti Lyceum, us 
'Wmicfa from milk and York,* piayiug on 
7 OtH. ISOn Ilclcour in ' WW Indian' and 
IViatnin I'icklc in tbn ' Weatlicreock.' 
Frank Hcartnll In the 'Noldlcrs Daiigbtor,' 
I^nitivv in ibe 'rn«<;,' Hownnl in Rcy- 
nolda'i ' Will,' Marpli>i, t"rc<ifriek in ' I'oor 
<lcatl«mitn,' Captajn Abiotutf, Bi-uvdicI, 
CluriH Atiat«Dcaurt in ' Mnii and Wifo,' 
DelaTal in 'Malrimouy.'Culrmvl Lumbort in 
' Hypocrite,' Storm in • Ella llownb^rg,' 

I^vrloain 'TrlploSnarbomnftV^'i"'""""'' 
in ' Know votir own Mind,' with mmo oth<T 
parU in wliivli b« had bvcii (L-en in llalh, 
wen giien in his lint sL-ntMin : he wan also 
Men aa tfae fir«l Ilpury Toiriuubain iu Cobb'a 
•gDddenArriial8'(10Dec.I8Out. and Kd ward 
Lac«y in ' Uiclio*,* adaplod by Sir JnmM 
BUndBargcifromUnuingeri'CilyMadiini.' 
Gsncat «aya be uliowiid bimnnlf n ipiaA uinr, 
butwM no ailt-i]uaie nubatiliili- for KUitton. 

At Dnuy Lane be rsroninwl until 1815, 
addinK to bi§ mpt^rlory Sir liarry Bt^agle in 
tbe 'Jea]oii» ^^ ifi',' Marquis in 'Midnight 
Hoot,* Dwkn in ' iri>0'?vn:n)on,' Beverley in 
* All tn tic Wrong,' Kloriv lilt" in' Ilrnmntiit,' 
DuIm'i Scrrant in ' lligli Lift bulow Stnir*,' 
tti« Copper Captoia, Iticlt in ' IIcir-nt-I.«w,' 

TOL. LIUl. 



Ciraliann, Frank in 'Seliool for Author*,' 
Major Belford in ' Deucu U in bim,' 1M> 
Ilujiidy in 'Speed llie Plough,' and Count 
Bamatin 'Provoked Uuabaud. He uUyod 
a fow original cbaraclur* in obuura pujsof 
MMt«r», Mtllingen, l-^igb, and oibw for- 
golti^n drnmntislii, nmong which ranv he 
namod Gtupar in the ' Kiu.' taken bv ('larkD 
flora tbc'Spaniahl'urntc'ofl'letchcr.Sl (Jet. 
l.tll; Sir Krcdcriirk Fitlamour in 31n. 
LaPanu'a 'I'n^udiw.' 1 1 April ISl:!; Cap- 
tain Blu[u<>nfield in ' Iluw to dts fur Lovu,* 
taken from Kouebue, 'Jl Mar: I'rufMaor 
Trifleton in Horace Smith's ' r'ml Ttupri'»- 
■iooR,' SO l)ct. 18IS; OnpUin Knrico in T. 
Diliiiin'i ■ Who'd to hnvn nor? ' L*-J Nov. : and 
Volngn in Henry Jvjddons'* ' Policv,' 14()cl. 
1814. 

He luftBruTTLaneiulSll&.aud divided hie 
lime butweon til? Lyceum and ibecuuntry — 
Birniinfthoni, BrioinlinublminadoibGrlarm 
rownL Al the Lyn-um hn was on 29 Aug. 
1818 the Brat Wing in I'eakr'* ' Amnteuni 
and Actor*,' tb<! Qfil Jenkin* in '(irclna 
Qrcen,' and Clio lint Sir John ^'mitmnn in 
' Frve and Easy.' In IHM, an Cupliiin Stimer- 
vtllr' in ' Capen al Canlerburv. be uiude hia 
flrtl appi'nnince at cb«i Adelpbi, where b«< 
inadn )i>Tbnpii bia gn'atcut tiiCcoH on 20 N'lV. 
1831 a> (roiinthian Tom in McnicriefT'^ 'Tom 
and Jerry, or Life in London.' 

On I liei. )8^C he appeared fur Ibc Ent 
lime at Coveril Gardi^u, euacliitg Kover in 
' Wild Oats.' lie okyed Volatile iu ' Wife's 
Stratagem,' Antipuoliis of S^vracuse, Lord 
Trinket in ' Joalou* Wif«,' ^[wngo in * A 
Iloce for n Dinner,' Durctclfl in ihn 'To- 
conatont,'' Tom tijiulllutoit in ' John Hull,' 
Alnariva in 'Marriage of Figaro,' and waa 
the fifHl Pedrillr] in Dimond'a ' Soroglio,* 
2-1 Nov.; ICtwambert in Mouei^ell's ■ horn- 
nambuli-l, 10 Feb. 1828; and Aufait in 
• Lillle(H!p'rinfl7i,'2rt.\pril. During the fol- 
lowing tonson lin wa* Itncheaipr in ' Cbarled 
tb<! Second,' Mnniutio, Kite in thu ']t««ruit- 
ing OIHoLT,' Valoonr, an original l»^>t, in 
I'opock'n ' Homo, Swreet Hume,' 19 March 
l!*-JfS; Peter Shoek in > Mualer'ii Kival,' and 
Frankly iu 'Suspicious IIuBbaud,' lnI82Ei- 
1 880, where tbe rm;on]s of Oeni^i eud.buiras 
the flrrt Tarlcton in Sora'TWl's 'Sbuke- 
sprare'« ICnrly l)aT»,' 28 ltd. 1820: Quicksi't 
in the - I'breiiologiata,'!!' Jon. 18.10; Richard 
Jonei in the ' Wijfwnm.'foondi'doiitroopnr's 
' I'ionoors,' i'i April ; Cuploin h'ervid in tbn 
■ Colonel,' '1 Mar. Ho wotf abo smu an 
Capuin TickaU m 'llusbaada and WItm.' 
Baron Wolff'nBtflin in the 'Poadier,' and 
Flutter in ' Hfillo'a Stmlogeo).' He had 
modn a gn^a' «uccc9a at tho Lyceum in *IIh 
lie* like Tnitfa,' and waa at that hou'^ wbon 

II 



Wrenn 



9* 



W'rey 



(10 Vfh. ISSO) il wiw burn! In lhi> ^illid. 
In ItW, in the n-built hoiiim, W'lvnrh nnd 
K«:W niinii: ■ Rrcnl bit in Osi'nford'* ' 1 
nnil mj DcuUr.' <lii 30 Ocl. iii tlic liny 
mnrlcei. he wus tli<? (irtl (.'ulL-b Cliiiilvr id 
'Hut Uowfver' by IlMiry MarLcw •□d 
Ilriiry Itaylii'. liilMO Wwnch'wM4t Uie 
Uliinpic. Hi> hit vagHgvmeM trnt M %lu> 
lliijinarlint. On 3t OiM. 184.1 V dind nt 
hi* Indtcingi in i*ic!kclt I1niH% I^ndoti, in 
his nisty-sixlli yenr. Wmtch nnd MooIt, 
tn iictor, ■"■Bn- riigt^d n-spwtivi-ly to Misa 
Btid Mn. TayW or NattiiLdiam, but ulli- 
ni«tL-K chitne-od p»rtni»r*, W reiicL mariTing: 
Mr*. Tuyltr miil Manly her dniighlpr. 
Wn-nrli's mnrringf wb« not bnppv. Ho 
WM chnPifd will) InnvinK his witi- ni'ivusi- 
touii wbilc ho iiidiiluHl in (DVi-rn di»sipntion«. 
IIJK Vi'tfu bud funnerlr, as Mn. Tuylnr. hi--Mi 
on HCtrvM of BMIuv abditv {iec ThMqiian Dic- 
tionary, nnd»r T«ylor [.Mr*. R(ibiii>ioUj). 

la the conntry Wrenrh pinyed ft Urgw 
round of (!rim!c chnrnrtoni, indndinii ('hnrlini 
Siirfncc, Dr. I'nneli™, ('npliiin AbHtluli', and 
inftnyoilicm. Wrrncb wriiURiicidconu'diMi, 
but ncviT TL-iidipd the (iret rank. Uibeiry, 
wbu pliiyfd u'illi him ut. oiitiiv Iht-ntrvi, 
Bpeakoof birn lu-Uriwk-kiieed.anJ Miyn thul, 
udtiptirig Klli'liin tis modnl, ho ropii'd his 
onnnl twniig iiiid(lrnw.liiij;doubl,fiiidi^livrry, 
miptnoli nbruptnc-.B for buinoiir, and wn* 
b^t» n p^nt lomiiii on ibp >ln(rr thnnn'blood.' 

Wrench wflg invdiuin bviffht, li^bt cara- 
pli^iiuncsJ. u'ilb hi;;b Filinuldt-ra und flat 
I'uBliin'-. A purfniit 'if him, by Shttrpe. as 
Wiii;^ in ' Amnti'ur* nnil Aoliin,* nnd one 
hv Ib> WiUb HA Sir t'nrronn in ' l-'rro nnd 
I'lnny.' nru in tlip Mathi-wi coUeclionin the 
(iurrii'b. ilia pr>r(r»i( as Belniour ii in Ox- 
berry 'b ' nrRinniif Itiogrnnhy,' iiud iio Btni- 
dirk in lUn ' Tlinnlriciu InijuiHitui* ' fur 
Jannary IBU. 

[Oxbcrry's Drnmntic Biogmphy. to!, it. ; 
Omi'ii'i ^pcourii i.< iho Enjtli^ Stnx"; Dr«< 
niittJF ni^d Miiht4-Jil JtflTiov, NoTrmbpT 1843; 
Th«ilriral liiqmwl'ir. r«l. ir. ; Memoirs «f 
Handcn: Dnn«!i!»nii'» IteeoUcclion* of dii Actor; 
Authentic Moiiioii* of thii CJritin Itrmin, n d. 
(18111 : Ihcatrini! I.ookl■^on, Birmingliivni. 
182.1; Ill'>i;ni'liy fif tli» Brititll Stngs. [fl'J4 -, 
Gtnl. JiU\c. 1814. i. iii.\ 3. K. 

WRENN. KAI.I'II frf. ia!lL>>. pommo- 
don', nnion 18 April 1072 niipiiilfd i-om- 
mundn- of ihi- Hnpi'Wpll lirp«liip. bihI in tbo 
following yoHr i.f the KnsM dodger. After 
th*p«il«c^ii-il.h 1l"Iliindbi'Wii«Ri'>nti>nsiit wf 
i\k Iti-scrvc; in IfiTT b<r bnd (Timiiinml i.f 
the fir.^liip Young Spraf.'w: in 107B he wm 
Itontc-iinnt of tin- KinKll"lier in tbe .Meditfrr. 
rniwvn with Mippjiiin Kcnintliome [iwe under 
Kemptiiobss, Sik Joiijtj^ and was bo still 




in May 16^1, wbi'n nhn foitghl a brillin 
nclinn with H-rni Ale^finn pimti'i'. Afttn 
Kcmpthomi!'« dcnih V\'n-'nn took tbr con* 
manil and bi^nt olTllip cni-niv. Ilia (rnlhntrj 
WM rcwardrd bv bia nromuiKm tu tbo com- 
mand of tbe NuuAucli uu U Any. lt>><l. In 
May litS2 hv wu« moied into the Cciitunooi, 
to whicb, mill in rho M^dilerrsnean, he wu 
r«jippointeil in Uny 11^5. In l<S87-)< Im^ 
commnndcd Ihp Mnry )En>r>, nnd in Snpt«n>^| 
bnr IC«8bp w«»ttpp<iint.odtothf(irrMiwi<b, 
unu of ibr iibi|K< lit thf Nu»F witb Lord 
Ilnrluiouth during tli'' (-'Hiit^al Uftubvr[iMW 
LEoaB, Geob^B, Lord PiitTHotTii^i from 
this appoiniiDmi h" win 8Ujier«>>d^l iift*T ihft 
Nvolulinn. In \W0, linncTffF, htt wna n[k 
pointed lo tbii Norwicli of forty-cigbl f[tuii>, 
and in Dctobcr 1001 tniK ordrrvd out to the 
\Vi>*t Indies in auoceuion to Lawrenco 
Wrif^it [q. v.~ He tmiled frum Plvnioulh OH 
2ti Ilec.,ttud nftera moal favourafile pa«MM 
urrived al llarhados on 10 J«n. iftll-5, 
'x'bon hilt fonw iviniiiiiliHl of the Mnir nnd, 
bi^iidct the Norwich, fivo 4lh-mtp«, aliipi of 
ffom forty lo lifty p-int. \ie lunl urdiuv to 
^■nd one of tbiMK- with tbetmde (o Jamnica; 
but, rei!fiviii)^ iiil'dtigi-na- lliBt tbr Fnfuoli 
wen' ingrsatprforot'iiian had been •Hppo*«J, 
bo deliuNied liri) on tliie duty. Th'>n, on a 
rrpQit thai a folindmn of nini> Krrni'h thip* 
wa* cruiunfc otT Ilnrliadnf. hn atronKihrnrd 
hill force with two hired inerEliant ahipa, 
and put to lun on 30 Jan. Not moeting 
with the enemy in a eruiae of fit^ day*, bo 
returned lo Barbadoa,and,appi«hendisg(hAt 
the whole Frpnc-h fleet had gone W JaUMOi, 
hcuiitnl njtnin on 17 IVb. On tbr 21« off 
Uwinide h« ai)(hlod ihc Frenoh ftpcl of man 
tbmi ibnw times bin Btr('nf(th—'>'iirht(«n*U)M 
of tnai forty lo sixty g'una, with •one ati 
or WTBn BrMhips and lenders. In fa«i of 
ench oddp, Wn-nri rlrew bnch, bill wil« the 
npxt morninjT nttnrkpd by ilipir full fon*. 
Aflcr n ahurj) nction of foiir hour*' dumtioa, 
Wrena found himielf able Xa dmw off an* 
retire unpumued — 'the bravenl action 
formed in ihe West Indiea during the wur^ 
(Lruiikh, p, OSS). He returned lo Barb 
d<u,whers a «icknew carried ofTaKTi-oi maiiF] 
of the men, and, nmon^ ntliffs, Wrrnn hiir^ 

[ChnniiB.'k'» lii'>Br. Nar. i. MO; Ltdiaid's 
Naval Hi"t. pp, OJS-fi; CoIoidVs Nnral War- 
faro {i«t cd.), pp. aas-a.) J. K. L. 

WREY, Sin mUKCniElt (A 1606). 
duellial, aon of Sir ChiphrilfT ^Vrey, HCOitd 
bnronel, by Anne, widow of l.ionplCrnnfieU, 

IBSff). The M revH bad lived for genrratianiH 
at Tri-bi^h, Coniwall, but bvtbo matriag* 



earl ofMi(ldIeH-i.atiddan(rbinrandco)irir 
of Edward Boiiruliitr. fourth mrl of Itaih ( 



A 




Wrey 



99 



Wright 



of Sir Cludi««t«r wiili I^y Aiiiu* tlif y W 
camH [•osw-'^Mn of Jawstock, tbracvfortb 
ih^ f*i»ily sear. 

8ir Bwirchier Wroy (xnumandflil n eagi- 
Biattt of boiw sAer tbc IWIoralicin, and 
■erred under tlie Duku of UontDoutli. Uv 
WW M.r. for Li^lcHurd from 1878 to 1879, 
nu nrtuniMl fur ltii.> ruunlv <)t Vwoa 16t)S, 
&u<ts>lfurLM«.iin) IliMiit./UXMi. Hufou);Ul 
udiicl Willi T!ii>mns Itiilktl^'V, M.P. fir llmu- 
nwris, [d Ujdp I'ftrk on 4 Fi-li. lfl9I-2, in 
whicit Liiltrrll [int>» that of tlii?i.ii mnn rn- 
ORCcil a* principaU and H«ond» &ra wore 
m3*.». Tito of iIh- suLVJiid* ihvk tlightly 
woiindcd. lu Mar IlKM liH fought niiolhirr 
duel willi Jauiirs Prw^ of Twr<<liioire. M-l*. 
fat St. l<Td, at I'almoutb, and ' wa^ rua 
tlimneh I ho tiwly, Mr. Pnu'd bciu^oiily IniiT 
»UghlIy in tli<^ fncn.' On 1 J11119 hn wa« nv 
mrlcd dead of bis souud, but lirnd until 
31 JoIt IBBtt. nbcii I.ulird) noti-^ that Sir 
I{«urcni<.-r ^^'^.'T snJ Cafitam PitU', both 
M.P.H, are dvuil, He waa buriod In Tan'- 
atock iAukIj. Jl* marrivd Flonfoc^, daugb- 
urr of Sir Jobn lto]t«. 

IlLi (crandMin, Siii Boi-iuntiKii Whet 
(1714-17M), dilcttantn, liom in 1714, b<.- 
coiDoliftb baronet au tJic diiilbof hisfalhc^r, 
SrBouTChicT Wrpy, in ll'Ifi His mother, 
Wana, wa*tWiigbt«caf Jobu RolJuofi^lei-en- 
8ioM. Alter aUcaulinc WiDoliMter Collage, 
ho matriculated ftmn N«ff Coll^gie, Oxford, 
on 21 Oct. IMi Il<- WM cloclw! M.P. for 
iiamitaplr, 'M Jan. 1747-R, and becnmo a 
nwrabi-r of tlir Iviciety nf Dilciinntiin 1742. 
He »-Mit lu Uromeii, llnmburii. nnd l.iibfpk 
in 17<i2 a* a delegate of llie 'Society for 
dUTTiDH on tbe Ilemci); Fibbery,' and sun- 
cpflded in those purl* and al CupeubH^fii m 
■rr>iigiiu[belt«rt«iTaii fort b^Kiii^lihb fisher- 
men. li<t rrbuilt. ihn pirr at 1 llriie'iinilie in 
I7B1. Then- ari! (TTPTnl of hi* Inli-'r* Among 
tke Xowcantle eorngqiiindeiicn in th"- llrititb 
MuMuiu niaiiu.M.'ript.'i. in tbem he >|iejiki 
of lu* iral for bin niHJesly and hia miniiiteri ; 
mIu for a living Itl Devon f<.ir bis liruibi-r ili 
*■ jironf that tb'ifw tbat exi-rt IbvisMUtu 
towards Ihcuupnort of Liberty in Times of 
OmfitMon and Itcbrllion am nnlillnd to itn 
benefila in tke davx of Trnni|ni11ity,' ilntrd 
Norwober ir*t*, iiDudinK nppon-ntty to-tlic 
*4ij ' wbeu ihetv V.-VTV aome dittiiibniice!! in 
KitUvr. Ue died ou 13 April 1781. and 
■WW buri^il ill 1'aw£tock cbtireh, wlieru is a 
pyratnidnl moniimrat to him and hi» tiro 
wive*, for the iirit of whoni ihniv is ft lonc 
Latin cpitapli in thp'Uuntlnman'' Ma^iinn* 
of I'ol. tie married, finl, in 174D. Murr, 
dauglit«r of Jolin Bdwtuds of lli([b|r*ie 
(tfie iIimI irilho«t isuie in IToli: nnd im- 
condlr, in ITM, Fdleu, daugbier of Jo!m 



I Thi^tlier of B.-Hdfc-ol in Wiltahire. He vra* 
aacvoodod a4 sixtb baronel by bii oldcBl koh 

j Bonrclunr. Mis portrait was [iauit«d br 

I Oeorge Knapton in 1744 ; bo is r«pnaeDl«d 
with B punch-bowl, no wbieb i* nucribed 

' ' Dulve wt duMpccc in loco." 

[Latirair* Ilrliif I{»Ul.ion ; CjiI. Stale rapert, 
Doiu, ; LywD's Ill-van; Ciul nnd CoUin'i Ilit- 
tvry uf tliB Societr ol Dilotlanti ; Noim «nii 
Qnrrio^ Mb ^^^. ml. «73.] R. ]_ II. 

WRIOHT, AKItAriAM (1011-1890), 
difinu and niitbDr, son of Itir.bnnl Wriglit|j 
ailk-dyer.ofLuudon.wni lorn in Hlnck:r>waU 
AltcT, Tluiuiea Street, -JS Dee. 1(111 ; sppa- 
r^'Otfy bis falbor was ihe Riehunl Wnght 
who WM wardrii of the Jterclutut Tuylor*' 
(JorapnllT, ]GOO-l,lfiOtt-7,AodlUB»t«r 11311- 
1(112. Ho waa tent to tbo Mircers' chapel 
acliDol in Chunpaide, und was nfterwurda 
from luyu at MereUnnt Taylom" ifihnol. lie 
waa eteclod tcbular of St. Jobii'i CnllBp>, 
Oxford, ou llJune Ilfci9,aiid nuitriciikled 
on 13 Nor. (ci>rtific»le of Lis siEning iho 
articlMiin lUit. .VSS. ^'.j«i7;i. diidl^ep. App. 
i. 7>*). IlenoH f*pi«ially faTourad by Juxoii 
for Ilia Kood el<wuti<m. II* waa elected 
fellow of liiscolloHPin lHy-'.grndiintodB.A. 
on 1(1 May 10;i3, and M..\. on 32 April 16.17. 

Wlieu Laud rvcuived Charles I in St, 
J4hii'« on ao Ang. 1036, Wngbt delirer.'dj 
thn (p«>«ch wtilconiin^ ibo kint to tlie iiuw 
library (tho TonuiH nro prinn-if In liis Ptii^ 
itiMiui ithrpi, UtTiO), and af^irr ditittor be 
BOtcd in the pliiT 'Love'j lloipitid,' by 
(ieori^'\Vildrq.v.1,uefuretliekinKaiidqii(ioti. 
St. Jubn'a had lou^- been fiimoua for ita 
iilayn (see TA* CkrUlnuu Prinee, Londnti, 
ISIfl; anJ Xaivmii', I/)ndon, 1893), and 
' wan nt that time no well furnished uh that 
they di<l not borrow any oni> actor fiuui any 
coUcije in town' (Ij*i'D. Iliit. afhU CAan- 
feUarthifi of O.T/ord\. Wrigbt is nid him- 1 
self to bav>> written a eutuic intorludepl 
eiilled'TIi^ Reforuialion,'actedat St.John'ai 
about H^l (WitiioK's edition of Millan'a] 
/Vbm, 17JW, pji. t!02-3). 

On 27 Snpt. 1BS7 Wrijiht was ordained 
dnnfion by Francis Wbiie(l.'itJt.'-Ii!-'t8)[ij.v.}, 
bisliopof Kly, in tliecbupilofKly IIoiwo, In 
the same vear be published nt O^tford a collec- 
tion of Bixteeutb and wvenlivntJi CRnlurr 
epicruini. uhich he called ' Delitls Uelitin- 
mm.' On 23 Dpc. W!fi be uus ordaintid 

Criosr by HnntToft, bishop of Ovford, iii 
brist Cbiireli t'nt.bedrnl. Ih> ooou becaniu 
D popular ptvoehor. and pronrbi'd before the 
kiiijt, before tUiL' uiiirrr»itv,ttndal Sr. Paul's 
(Wihjd. Alkimre 0.ron. iv. 2"o: cf. Hut. 
Jt-SS. Cvmm. 2nd lU'p. App, i, 7fl). 
In .\ugu»T ICIQ be was presBUlccl to ibr 



Wright 



too 



Wright 




vicnniKi-'irOakhnni, }tat.land,by Juxon, hi* 
oiuifitaht palrcin, bul lie wm tiul iQilucl<!d, 
in he refuied to tnliB t!iu cuieiimil (ct. hi* 
puera lo Juxoii in Pamatfwt Lirtp'l). tlu 
wssi^s [Killed fmui Li» Mluwship by Ihp par- 
liiimptirary coiiiDiinnion (Hilihis, IlUt. of 
Mrrchant Taylart' Sehonl, \\. "2S), nn'l w- 
canic tutor tn tin' ion »f Sir Jam<-^ llriinc 
or (irabun at l'i«khiun. oiui ' rvail ihi! 
conunon nra^i on kII Sundaji nnd boly 
■liyt, ana oil iiriiicipal fuimU \iv pn-Huhud 
nnd adiuiuiHl.ured. About KVi'i hi' wan 
|)TeTulud wil.h to loflvft {'echhniii and 
to live in Ijondon, whurr hi: wim c^ho'cn 
by tho pnriiJkiimnni of Si. OUvr In Silvi:r 
StToct to ht! their miniBiiT unci to (v> 
covin tbn profit* of tlial little pftriJi, of 
which li<! n'BH in eflwt tha roctor, thouffh 
I'lTuially Ui take actual poHeaiiou of the 
tiving \\v \viM\A not (M hu nesmt relation 
Imth told nio), b»(»iiM bfl would Bvoid 
imtlia and ohli^Dticini ' ( Wood, AtkiiMf 
Oxoa.) Ilfi continuL'd lo minintor there four 
j«an, iiuuonlind to tlio riteit of ihu cliuruli 
«if EneliLad, but wiu obliKud to wilhdrnw 
is 13&9, On the Itwtoration he wb8 oflvrt'd 
aahaplaiunry toEliubotbof BchemiH, but he 
iloclinod il and took poMisninn of hit litliig 
i>f Oakhnm. Ilci rpfiiind »i'vcrjil prefirm.-nlJ 
and lived quietly in the country, hun* n-itb 
hi* paiub and liU garden (cf. Hitt. iVSS. 
Cimm, 2nd Hep. i. 39(1. S98). H« ditsl on 
Friday, D Mav 1090, and was buried iu 
O^fham cbutvh. II?innrrind,in I<U!l,Jtine', 
daiubter of Jampi Stone of Yamtnn, Ox- 
for^biiv. His ton Janinx ( 16J3- I71S) [<|.v.] 
wan a nolcd niiliiiuory nnd man of letters, 

Wright'" worliJ have i-ach some peculiar 
intcrcat. fifHidivi thu ' Delitiiu llt^litiurum ' 
and Home lini.>8 in ' V\m nrituiiuicuv.' Oxford, 
Hi30,hewiuiaiil,boroft 1. ' NovindimnSirof- 
fordii,' a hifihiy mlnjiiiil.ie nnoonut of Wxnt- 
worth, ■ in the »ty!u of Tncilm." 'I'hipi wnn 
printed by Dr. I'. Btijs and \)r. 1(. Iliindincl 
in'lliilorii'all'upi'riiuf tbt^RoxbuTjjbi.- L'liib,' 
pU i. London, IMIi. The«ditore isy (p.vi): 
■ WehavenetiiiavoiiiiiioofmanuMTiptcollee- 
li'iua inad-» by Wright in hi»yoiilh, probably 
when at collegia, whioh ii hatv mnntioneii, 
becatise it conljiim nome early and nrif;innl 
criticlMni on Sliakcspcan.-.' 'J, ' I'arnaiunii 
ItioGpx, or nuverall cboicu pi«ea of I'oeiry, 
eonpoieil by ihit beat wits that weru in hotli 
of tbu LIuivi-mitiM b«forv ibeir dinsolution, 
Kith an eiiiatle In tho behalf of those now 
doubly secludad and tequiutnmd mr^mbcrs.by 
one who liiinulf is none,' London, lt)-^H, 
S. 'Five S«rmon»,' 1656; in th« ulylo m- 
MHWlisnlyof BiihopAndri'wej), Biahoji Hall, 
Dr. MnyniT, nnd Mr. Cartwright , ihi; prcaby- 
tcrianway,aiid thciud^ndent way. Tlu^su 



in hU prefacu ' to the Chnstian roadrr ' ha 
dncIarM to »how ' vlut a achoUr may do 
more liian a mon prM«hiU'. ami that tbnft 
iiavRatdi|]&mnMb«tw«m«]iop-boanlbr«eil- 
iug and the L'nivcmitiM,' and he diaparUM 
the ijjnoraut preafbinjC of the Jaj. ft. 'A 
Practical Oominvnlary on the I'salm*,' IfWI , 
I.ondon (Woodalau iDaDtioiiiacoiiimcnInrr 
on thoiVntnli'uch.o.d.) He left other manu- 
ncripia iK-hind hiin (Wood, ArifiitF Oraa. ; 
wiiiit! are nmonK thn manuwripta of Mr. 
Broinley-Dari'iiimrt at KaginCon). 

IWuod'i Futi and Atbona Omn. i*. 3?Ji, 
Roliinnon'pi lt»>i.i>liir')fM«rchHstTsylon'Sebi»l;. 
Wilmiii'i Ili.i.iry of Merchiuit Taylor^ School ; 
tAU'I'it Worki; Wrixbt'i lliit.niul Aniiquiiina 
of Itudand. p. Si. Th*r«anliTM uf Alnbant 
Wrighi ill rtialRi.T*'* Jti'V. Diet. vol. ma. aeA 
in iliu BioeTiir'''"' t'nirttMllo.] W. H. H. 

WRIGHT, KDWAIin (l.»Wf-l«lD>^ 
roatliomalieinn nnd hydrogmphtir, vounzur 
ton of Henry Wright of (Jnrve-iion, Norfolb, 
' nitjdicioriH fort unn?.' wan bom nt (>nrvn«toa 
about IMf*. IlisclderbrotliM, Tliomaii,iru 
entoivd at Caius CoUege. (.'nmhridtre, in 
.Vpril l>*i74, iben ag«i) 18. Edwa^ was 
ontentd, nlao at Cains College, as a aitar ia 
DiHrcmber 1576, boing preiiimnbly about tiro 
Venn ^iinffnr than Tliomns. HnFrsduatad 
)t..\. Ill IgSQ-I, wu n icholnr of tna coll*>g» 
1581-4, graduated M.A. in I'ISl, nnd wa» 
a fellow lu87-9(j. When and in what cir- 
cuiiiKtaiices Wri);ht lume'l his attention t9 
nautical mailers is doubtful. It is cortaln 
that lie ncrcimpanied the ICarl of CiimberlaDA 
[•oeCi.iPFoHU, tiKoiiiii:, third KAKLorCvx- 
bbrlijidI in bid voyage to thu Atntp* lit 
15^, an<l that he wrote an uecount of tbo 
voyage ; but in thul be uientioiu a^ one of 
the gentlemen with Cumberland, ' Captain 
Kdward CareleMe, alias Wright, who in 
Sir Kmnci* Drake** Woat Indian T^ywe t» 
St. Domingo nnd Cartagena was captain of 
the Hope," ihat in in itifHt «. The nalurn) 
(.■oucluBion is that the Wright who com- 
manded tht^ How! in IJitiiii waa the Wright 
who WU8 with Cumberland as a maihwna- 
llcian in I'lSO, though it MOms to he eon- 
tmdict^d by a statemffit of Wright'a lii 
lliD!) that hm 'flnt employronnt nt iva wn* 
now mote than ten yearn ninee,' Again, ti 
IH doubtful whether he haduny laler service 
at sen ; for ihough iu the mnuuscnpt annuls 
of Cains College it ia slated that he 'nadca 
voyage to the Aforea witli the Karl of Cum- 
herland, for which, by royal mandate, leave 
of absonce was grnntod him br the coUcg^ 
11 May l.mT(VKN»),itaepra'«i«i(«iiblnth«l 
the nnnalint wrote the date in PTTor; the 
more so on there in no mention of hi* luring 
luare from the cotlegu in 16^ wbcube val 



I 
I 



i 





• fcUow. Vi'b hiro, ton, hi> uwti 
> to himwlf •» « lanijKUBit, with in 
apologjr fc( his awoilng pnaumption in 
writioffof luuiini mattvn. But, in fact, 
wiib ilie oM^tton of fai» Mcount of ilwi 
loytge of lAtw (piibliihml «»pnnit«ly in 
IJMO, Mid nlMin lUkluvt'i'I'rinripnl Navi- 
Uotui/il. ii. 1J-1>, a1! bia nniiiioil writings 
ilBte to nnvijiBtiun caniidcKd as a bruiicli 
TiiMtlicfaalioi. It is oii tlitrtv tlinl liii fniutr 
Kuta- 11? illJ, in TiiH, efft-cl » coinplflo 
RiVolutiouiiilhc*ciencv,bnti|^t}g(oil firrhp 
Cm line •aODtld roalli'-nialii-fil t.rniniag. 
Krom > Tny esriy dnti nitri^nlon had 
1 a plane chkrt, in whicb tbo mirricliiuiB, 
"onied bypunllcl •ttnigbt linen, neni 

it >t «uuu dutSDCoi by parBllfls of 

l«liluilc, (lie dvgieiM of lutitud-^ mid loiigi- 
Uide twiiii; ibus «bown of equni Icit^h. 
Sock a chart hod not only the ^'aI fmilt of 
gnady dinlorlin^ ihv mtin of Ii'n^h to 
fan-aiJih. but, frnm the nnvisator'* point of 
*ipw, ibr itill RreatiT one ofnol permittinft 
tbo course from one plaae to anolher to bi> 
lud Oiff at iiif^hl. Wliut WHS wontrd wad a 
chart which would afaow as a straight linv 
tbe citrrv drawn on a globe colting Mch 
DKndiao at a conalanl nnvln. Suchacurirv, 
it may be uid, ii railed by nai-i^tor* a 
tfaunD, or rhumb linn. Nnn*, n yi^itr or two 
before Wright wai bom, Mi^ronlor in Ilol- 
laad hail attcmptrd to draw nwih • cliart 
(1660) bj len*:ttieiiiiiK Ihiy degr«t» of latitude 
til a04De rODgapn^rtion to tl>i< Itoigihening 
of tlw d«gtiM« 01 lOQgitudp, apparently by 
Bating on ihft upbitr* where the rbitmbi i^iit 
tiM Bondtani; but tbmt cliorls tvnn- not 
tboiiffat much of by navif»tiir«, and whtn 
Wright first v,'i-ut tu Wfu hp found the old 
plana chart Htill iu tommoii iibv. 'Die pro- 
bl«tD, as it appeaKil to him, wiLft tadflvise a 
chart in whicnthodegrei>8 nflalitnde should 
ha langtbi-ninl In thn *naia proportinn u-thft 
dtgreei of longitude wen when thn mnri* 
diana were rcprcwntcd bv puralld straight 

Thv tolutioo of tbis prublein is now i-asy 
by tbe ate of lh» integral enlculiu, but in 
1689 Tery little wa* known of the dootrioc 
•f liiBttf^ STen in itji mOKt rlvni^nrnrT form. 
What little was known Wrixbl npplind: bn 
arrived at a corrnct and prantiftol an»wcr to 
the queition, and iruiufriicti^d n tablit for 
IngtMuting the dej^rt^es of Uliludt^ such na 
ia DOW commoaly printei) aa a ' table of 
Meridional parlk.' Wri^-bt's lirsl Ubie we» 
««7 rough, and Imi himnelf was doubtful of 
(t« pncticnl ralun; bul wbnn Hondiiia in 
(htinaoy without acknoirliKl|tinnnt,aiid Tho- 
Boa BluiHlevitle [q. v.] in England with 
•cki»w!edgu»enl (Eifrtua, IMI, p. 3'i6il, 



■iditpled it, and other* were prqiaring to 
put the isctbod forward as ihuir own, hi' 
conci^ivcd ihi! limn had conip (o claim it 
publicly, and iu 11)09 puhli^ih^d 'CVnuine 
Krrors iu Navigation, arising cithi?i of ihf 
ordinarie nrronooiis malting or u^ing •>f the 
SOD chert., cnmpniwp, craiac ■lnBi>, and lablM 
of declination of thitiunni! and Gsad utarrc*. 
dftect'.-d ond corrected ' (tm. -tto, London, 

friiili'd for Valentine Simms; Viid edit. 
UIU, with additions; 3nl ei^it. [«ce MoluH, 
Jn^Brti]. 1057i thero is a beautiful copy of 
the rare Br»t edition in the Orenville Library, 
British Muaeiim. In thin the qnenTinn of 
the chart won fully and dearly ditcuwcd, 
once for all, a* a mathcmaltcal problem. 
Practically Bpi-nliing, ibc BO-callcd VTcrcator'a 
churta in uie at the pn>scut time are drawn 
uu thi- projection laid down bv Wright. 
I Wiigbt is said to have Wn tutor to 
Prince llenry, a rmjort which wnm* comv 
i liomtiid by Ine dedication to the princi: of 
' thn Kceond edit ion of thn 'Ci-rtJiinn ICrrDr*.' 
It ii alio aaid thai he conceived the plnii of 
hringiiig water to London hy a canal, wlucli 
was known as the New River, 'but by tlie 
tricIiH of others he was hinilt<recl from coni- 
pleling the work he had bcgnn.' H>' wa* 
appointed by Sir Thomo* Smith (Smithn) 
fq. V.} and (Sir) John WoI«t*TihoImc fij, v. j 
to lecture on navigation, which he did in 
Smythe'i house, Till in It! II the miLlter waa 
taken up hy the court of the Eiut India 
Company, and Wright was appointed hy 
tliem at a salarj of &0f. a y«ar to tectuni 
on nnvigntinn, to examind tluir jonmnls and 
marinen, and to prepam thi^lr plol>. He 
died in London in KiLI, ' vir moruni sim- 
plicitate et candoro omnibiut irulUB-' He 
waa married and left one ion. Isamui^l, who 
enlerwl at Caius College in 161 j, and died 
apiMircnily in lUIfl. 

Besides the 'Certainc Rrrors' and tbe 
' Voi'ligv to thn \ioTia,' Wright piihlishnd ; 
1. 'The Haven finding Art, or llio woy to 
find any Haven or place at Sea by tbe lati- 
tude and variation' (ITi^KV, am. 4lo) : an 
adapta I iou and extension of Simon Sleviu's 
'Du Ilaveuvindiug,' which was irsuMlated 
into I^tiri hy the elder Orool iindur itin 

title of 'Ai^ri>rvptrii^ sivo portuum iiiresli- 
gandonim ratio.' Bnnring in mind that tbem 
waa then nbuniutely no way of determining 
the longitude at «™, thc^ pronosal was to 
determine a position hy tbe latitude and 
variation of the compass, aasumed aa con- 
stant iu the EUuie place, which i« only 
approximately (rue for a few rears. 3. ' The 
ifesrriplion and Uce of the Spharn ' tl8l-l. 
am. 4lo). 3. 'A SliortTreatiaeof Dialling' 
(I6U, am. 4to). 4. 'A Vcacriptiun of 



Wright 



to* 



Wright 




NsDtrr'* Ttkli' of l^gnrltlimn,' ir-itninlrrtl by 
E. W, (Iflifi, I:>iiio, jiosibuiiious, rditt^il by 
Sftmuul \\'n£tit), 

tVniTiV llic)^, Hi«. of Gucnll* nnil Oiioa 
(.'"11 1';;!! ; C, Huttotl'B I'li.lrwiphiml iind Mntbc- 
mnticiil Diei. ; Znmrt WiUon'ii DisnTintiun on 
till) [[ill. nr Xnviciilinii. fircflinl tij .1. Hnilivrt- 
»oh'» Nii«le"<i'jn (*lh ««l, 1781); i'mnjr Cj'cli>- 
pad'a; Rtn't Cy<lopiBdin. Si>o slio II. W. 
jMin*'* ProliUm* in AdriiiiQiiiy hii>1 Nii>ii[4ticiii, 
pp. 1J7-30.) J. K.L. 

WRIGHT, KDWAltD UH^IIAUD 
(l.S).Vl8o»), actor, bonuii1S13,vu>intmdi!, 
aiid bcpiima u i^ilizm i>( Luiidim nnd o meni- 
barof tile Skiiilirro'CuiupBIiy. AfliT Hflin(f|, 
in Sei.ti?iiib(<r IKW «i tlip Mart-Hlf TWiilri-, 
Joliti IU<pv>.>'6 p»rt of MHrnift'luKo Mh^i^' iti 
tlio ' Wtivk Aslior*' nf Hiiclt!tr>tio, li" w.i» 
ntnn in l^n'loc, in lASl, nl thn ijiiiini'* 
Tliralrr. After ft time ^[ii-nt on IhcMntTcin 
BirminKl'inn uiitl Bristol, he cnmc to thn St. 
JunicVs TbLMitrp. thm biiill niid oikiicc) by 
Juliii BnilmiQ :<j, v.], hiuI on ibe firat iiif^lil 
mad" hi« .■HvlieM n-cogiiiwii Bjiw-nrunw on n 
coTtniiinn, on '2li JSopt. IKS", h» Splndli ill tlie 
' Ynnng Willow.' iind Filiclorlity in n fnrcfl 
rnlW ■ Mi^tbinks I »™niy I'lithcr.' Hin wv 
cnplion woj rnvouniblp. Un '20 Mnrrli [K3B 
hu «'nB till' oniriiiiil \\'ij;tL'r iti SL'lbv'.i' Vnlrl 
fluSLam.' Al ihisliouMi-, tou. luMvastb-.- liml 
SinimonB in Hnvrws Havlv's ' Spiulfieliin 
WyiiviT.' On .1 n™. lKti*'iir ibo Ailel])!ii. 
clMtinii] t,o be liin home, mul wirli wliiL'h bis 
fnmi" inprinoipally nwmeintvil, \w wa8lb<> (lr»t 
Uftd'oilil l'rirar(i«c,n vnli't in Siirllni,'']' "(irnee 
UBrliiia,nr Iho Wrivknt S''n,'nnd on iWOfi, 
ISiSl tlw liisl Sbdibnlt in BnckKloiin'i ' Jiirk 
Slii-ppHrd.' lli-nlnupInyi'iliuabnilnKacallRd 
'The ftianf ol' I'alpBline.' Duriii;; oim yi-ar 
be Tiiii;«d ili» JVinctiA^'*! : (lii-ii, returuiiiK lo 
the A(lrfpbl,'rBinnin«Ml thetv, wiih ibeoioep- 
tion of vitit* of a fnw ilnya or wueka U) tJic 
Stmnd, tb<' Hinndnfii, or Mh^r hoiiwB, until 
tbuyoarof liisdcnth. Hi»const«ntn»ni-inli'K 
were I'tiul Ui'dford nutl, in his lati-r vcor*, 
MiM Wfolpir ( Mrv. Alfrrd M.-lWl, 

Attlie Adelplii WrJulil made bis tinl cm- 
ipicuons Hiorwn, ill I94:i, as Titili^btit Til- 
moiiw it/Pfiiilf o'g mliipf ftiirin of Worn^ii'« ' T^n 
Thfuunnijii Yfnr.' lli> nlsn pluyi'd AdcVixi 
in Oxbi-rryVburlMqupcf ■ Noroin.'Irf'nniing- 
tonSfKionerin l*eiik««'H.It,,'nnd inlli>rrm- 
ber liSl!jii Til m blur in Stirling tloync''* 'Mi-f- 
ohaiit'fi tlerks." Tn Sei'lt-mber IS13 Uv wuh 
witli BtwlffTd Btiii Oxbprry nt tbr Simnd. 
wbern b« *jip«iiT^ in ■ Itoinboaliw Furiow) ' 
and tho 'ThiwnracBu.'liiil in NnieinborwHS 
bock nt lb" Adclphi, plByine in l.b« ' Robe- 
inian»,orIb*> Itogui-vof IWit." ItiFrhriinrj- 
IfU* li<.' WBB Hob Cmldiit inSliriinK'tndnp- 
tatiuu uf 'A L*)instmaBl'urol,'nnd Itichnrd in 



u bur!«^(|ue(if 'Richard III.' Onl'OOpI, Ub 
WftB C'rimitft , a v«let, in S»«!by'ii ' Mysti-riuui 
Stranger.' He also plavod al ihr l'riDCi.-iui'i 
in a fnrc' colled " Wilflil Murdrr,' mid in » 
burlnsqiic by A'ilecki't oI'* Aladdin,' mul was 
K«rn ni tlio Strand. In Fcbninrr IS4fi lio 
was I hi! bfr« nf ■ .Voihnr nnd ('hilA arc doin* 
well,' iiud ul t'lutcr bcplnyudinUucki'toiicit 
• Poor Jack.' ' ( 

AflLT H b>DeaWiici!,<3tio 10 illuiw*. lie n)>, 
nppnRTvd nt (he Adelpbi on I Sept. 1848 a« 
Itarbillon in Stirling'a'ClnriM*, iir ihe Mei 
ehant'i Daughter.' On.'il !)«■. he wa» Tilly 
Slowboy in Sliriiiiir'.» adnplation of thn 
'(.'rickpi ontheHoirih.' ilewan vi-ry pnpu- 
l»rin l.iHIon'n rule nf I'aiil l'rj-.wn» the first 
Smear in ' Dummtie Cookery.' and aiiiw^red 
in Mndioon Morton'* 'J^-inK Wright.' lw[ 
HoU's ' l^cdlinn, or I.ifi»'» Trial,' he wan, on 
2 F'cb. 1S4«, thn first Apollo Kil.a rheii- 
inatlc dancing mnnlirr, and on I'i March tbn 
tint t'hujlerficld lloncybun in C^oy no'a ' Did 
vou en-r aend your wifo lo Ciiinlwmrell !* ' 
tn July he ()lnyed in I'eake's ' Di'vil of Mar- 
«eill>'!, or tlie Siiiril of A^arii-e,' ajid in 
Ruck«Inno'A ' Maid of the Mllhin^pftil ;' and 
in Aii^ilt in ' Marin Dncango'nnd in the 
' Jud^pnt of I'oria,' a burlii>i]iio, in trhicli 
h« was ^'entiit. Acin Moceniain, in tlio 
'Jockiry Club,' belongi-d to UctobiT. Ho 

?Iayed in the >ain« inUDtli iu ' iln. (JBmp's< 
'ca and Tutu out,' and w&i Been in Selby'* 
' niantoin Dani/ers.' In March 18-17 lit- w. 
ill Buck><IoiiC''8 ' Flo«-er8 of the Fopmt,' and 
in till iinino month enacted .lein Haggs in 
till" ' Wnndnrins Minstrel.' fn PwCe'Si 
■ Tilli-dci-di ' (Si Jnnc 1847) h» wna a. lUf:- 
raiT hack, and ou H6 July, hi Ctnmn'* ' How 
to Settle Accounta with yotir Laundr™*,' a 
faahiotiable tailor. Dthvr parts to which 
hia name appeum are Atdi-rman Cutr in tho 
•Cliimea,' cy Murk I^emoii and A'Beckel; 
.Mmidor in 'St. (icnrge nnd ibfl Dniyon;' 
(liatterton Cliopliin* in 'Thia Honan to 
|pt,'Biikiton thnuik of Shnkivp^nrc'iihmiMt: 
a foaiir nervanl in I'cako'* 'Oabriclli;' 
Oreen in 'A Thunipinfr Leffncv;' RestlniA 
Wriji^ieiu thu'iloii-piekeni (SlalThl&iy); 
rWpty Dii<' in ' Who livesat No.O;' apart 
in the ' Haunted Man ; ' Tom in tli« ' l>e»ii'* 
Violin ;' alawyer't-rlerk in ' Mrs. Dnnbiiry'a 
Spoonii;' Thomns Anpiiulun Tndr.ajitpr in- 
Wpbrtor'* ' Itoynl Hrd Hook ; ' nnd himvlf 
in ' An luiwarrnn table inlruiiun will Iw cum- 
milled by Mr. Wriffht to Ibe annoyance uf 
PanI Bedford.' lii lPr,l> hf wasal iheWn- 
ci^*, whence he inipruted in turn to tha-i 
Lyceum, the Haymnrkel, Sadler's \Velis,anJ 
tlui eonntry, ronppeariag at the AdeJphi iit 
18ofi. Hin moat popular ancceai), which bns 
always jiner bern a»»ociatnd with liia name. 



17 

I 

Iv^ 

I 




Wright 



103 



Wright 



Tn« hit Mvt'T (innnklg^, tlii: imvrllint; 
■hownun in iho ' Cirei'n Kuiliri.' Hcnrcntr 
lew kdioircd ira> bU John (iriitulf; in ' Vn- 
iBuctic Ecoaomy.' Ilu wu c^utUl-uI, too.in 
'Slaafaer and Cmlii'r.' as Dluiait iii Buck- 
tlooH a' Wlurintf ,' an Medoa ia.Mark Lnuon's 
burl^iM »a itamoil, as Watchful W&xrai] 
in ' My I'oll and my Parlnnr," iiti4 »erer»l 

Cpatts in which he nrpteri-d John llnvTV. At 
tbe lut perforiDitncG ai Ibn old Addphi 
(U Jane 18W1 hi- plnycil Mr. OnmhurR in 
' W^loooi!, Little :^lraii((i-r,' Soi.iii iiFtcr lliu 
Openiog of iha ttw liuusr, in 1NJ>*, ho u|>- 
pcvwdfarafewuiuhl*. Al tbe vnduf Mareh 
■la eB^c«iii««l nnieliM, and liu left th« 
ltoaa« and wan not, imnin wen nn Th9 ala^ 
Tiyvnrdi tbt? clnnc nf 1>>>M) hi- t>H>k mfii^ 
from itl-hcallh, worric* doiDfrtir and finan- 
cial, aiid kgnlproi^n-HliiiKiat Uoulugnir.wlu'ru 
ke died ou ^1 Dec. lie waa uuricd iu 
BmnptMi cpuiF(«rv. 

In Lis beU dav« Wright vu bu e\celU'nt 

low comedian ; Mncrendy proni.i<inc«J him 

,tll*b<wthR had wwn. Ilo lonli Ulipnrdi~innhl<- 

JbsrtM* u-ilh a public lliat laiiKbod nt, pn.r> 

[A)aed, pFtu-d, nnd ipoilt him. lie oflro 

not Kiiavr bUpiirt Biid rviurlcd Iu fpijDfin);. 

On oo<aai(Mi L« could he indescribablv aud 

MpnluvelT coarse. Some of his iieiioriu- 

anCM ban T«'ii*arliable hw^adth of ljummir. 

H* inknritpd ihi' ntnlhod nnd IrndlliDnH «f 

KtvfA and to some lalrnt iho«i! of I,i«ion. 

At bi» dtalh tnany of bin cbntncitTn <Mni<' 

inlu th« haudii of Mr. Juliu Lotttvucp TouIp. 

A portnit of Wright uit Mumiuduki' Mar 

I ngfroaiaiMiinliii^by Cr8t>b(w.-p Cat. Third 

Zoom jErAift. Xo. Mi) ia |;iven \a ll>e'Tli»o- 

trK«l Times,' i. 21!^i: ona a* Tilllrhat Tit- 

iDauw. nni^rcd by Unll frnm ndmwin^; by 

E. Waikor, appvan in CumbiTliuid'n t-dilion 

of ' Ten TliouMnd a Veor.' 



tomi; Inwfuil or political cnlnn^lnuivtit, lb« 
dtlaili of which an? uiihimwn, bit \f{t l.ivnr- 
po(4 in I'll with bi» wlfp and family, went 
to Italy, and finnlly settled oi Lc([bom u» n 
uii'rehunti prubnbly luakioj; occauuual vov- 
affta. Whvlber liu was iheCajilain WrigLt 
irbo conmandod thr Swallow, trading from 
Ltibon In IjaiuJon,n'hii;li vni cnptand by it 
Spaniuli *bip in tho Soundinjci ou 18 Jan. 
17'I3-.1 I Gntl. Ma^. 1711, p. L-eO), mart ro- 
msin doubtful: but I lie aaaiKtatJan vitbCnp- 
tuiii Ilutclijus'iu mokw it probable. In 171tf 
be coiuiiiaudpd thu j>rivuU*('r Fame, a brti,-iui- 
tinp Ult^d out by the uiw re bull lit of L"g- 
born, maliinii; n laTg;i; DiintU-r of priiei, llw 
valun of which wu grriitly eiag^ratad by 
comniOD rrporl. It wa> luid that (hoy wfm 
worth 400,iJO(.W,, Ilia »b«i* of which would 
huvH made WriKht a rich tuaii, and ibis be 
nevvrnas. William HutQhiuiiou(I7l&-lM)l) 
[q. V.J, ill \m IrontiM) ou *>>amniiiibip, speaks 
i>l' W ritfht Al n maxiflr of llifi art, and de- 
Rc.Kbc* bii mot hod nf cruiiiiif; in the fairway 
of tho l.uvant, which, mulatu mutoMdit, 
wn« verye.tacilj'coiiird tnon- tbaaa hundred 
ytani later by Captain Spoiiopii of the -Ma- 
bania on the cotat of Bta^iil- On I!) Llec, 
17411 Ibe Famu c.sptared a Freudi «liip nith 
the Priiic* of (.'.inipo f^oridii's hiiggng^ on 
board, and luml her into l.r);horn. In tomn 
way A\a had a pnu from tbe kinff of Krk- 
Iniid, but iihe wan not unnitid in it, and 
\S'ri(;lit tnuintuined that it wai a g^iiod cap- 
lur-, and rrfuiml I* restore lirr on the re- 
prdBenlaiiun of Ibv cmi»»\. Kieutually, on 
the sugpwiifii of (Sir) Horaci^ Mnnn [q-v.\ 
ihn Knjilieh miniilcr at Flamni'i', ibn malKT 
wofTi^fc^rmi to the naval rommandrr-iii-cbicf, 
who derided Bgaiimi Wriehl. 

Karly in ITI'coiDpUinii were made from 
thf UlIoEUBii l\irtp that En^tiib prival^vra 
had made prixpuf Turkiiih prriperlyun board 
" " llv • 



4 



lA Vim, inoomplatA but tli» loniwit irinn, of _ , , -- , ., .i -■ - .... . 

WriRhl'. parta ha* bcm B«rict5 from Wet- Fr«ni-h«h.p>^, nNd,-ppcific»ny,lbaloiiJlSF.>b. 

■IM'a Aeiiog Dfamn. Pcnkoi TUyi, and tho l7Hi-; ibi. 1-omn had m wiiod Tiirkiah 
Ihamatu and Mniical 



lUvi'w, 1S42-0. V»T- 
itmtX nsuntrliuiw Lava baan nod, aid primte 
, iabnnation kiodty mppliol by Hr. OnUiam 
^vetill. IU well [u abort inornoirs ciTon in t^n 
haatriMl Tim**, i. 324, tlm printtd tdittun or 
lifila'* 1'(s TlKniuiod n Vefir. and th~ Bra. 
pStf D<c. iSAS; TooVn RemiaiivenoM . Itcmini- 
fcracDi of na Oil] Bohcniriini Iti^caltrrtinim of 
Ivlmnnd Vala* ; and Ai-ll. nud Howard'* Lifs of 
Blaaehonl.] J. K. 

inUOHT, FORTITNATL-S (tl. 1707), 
ntand privar«0r,oraChe«luK family, 
of John Wri^'hl, ma^tiT- mariner and 
bipowner of Liii-rpool [d. 1717), fieeina to 
aTe acrved in early lifi; on board merchant 
^•bipa or privateer), and later on to hnrn 
beat ijt huuncM in Liverpool. Owing to 



profHTty on board tho French ship llrrmione. 
The Koirlish conjiil at Leghorn called 011 
Wrigbt to exjiluiu, which tifdid. Theller- 
mione. 111! laid, wua a Frcncli i-hip. under 
French coiuur"; dhe bad iiiiide stout reeisl- 
ancuand had bwn CAptnivl in fuir l^j^ht. ; 
«he hod b>'on Ivgally cotidi'inncd in the ad • 
miratty court, thn Khip and her enr)io hud 
hoen told, ami the money diM.ribu ted. Iln 
thin the Turkey Company procured an order 
from tbu bouiH t^verument to the effect that. 
Turkish prjpvrty whs nut priM, even on 
board a rreiicb vessel, and this onl«r, dat«d 
30Miircb 1747, WHS »pnl out to the Modil»r- 
rnnenn, wlier«i Wright iirgiul that, it could 
not. bo mironpoctivi", and po»itivclj rofuacd 
to tvfund. Anothcrocderwu thimavnt out 




Wright 



104 



Wright 




frii hiai to bv nnvitetl unilwnt 10 Eii|;Iau(1. ' 
TtoTuKnn pr)Teriimi.-iit. unticiniile<l (liis&iiil 
iiul hlui ill prison na II D^c. Ii47. sn<I bepi 
hiin tlien> till 10 Jiini? I71S, whrn an oHiT 
cuoe fVoiu Vionnn Vt tinnil him iivrr to thr 
Knjiiali cniinil. Tbcm wiu jiul then no 
l^rtiuiity to tend him hnrup : %nd Mare 
inn ocfurrid b ftvsh orji-c cnnii- to vt hira 
at liburly, lu lit- htul g^ivirii bail in tli>^ ail- 
mUalty courl Id Buswer ih? ftt^timi com- 
-leneefl njisinsl him. Two yesw later thn 
luit n-iK ifiitl iiiiiWidei], iintl (Mm* to Imro 

■n at Iml inrlntlcil in inrnn Rcnprnl »cUli>- 
uot with thfi I'cirlc. All Ihiit cnn Ih? miiI 
Willi Bny crrtninty in that Wright dij not 
pay. 

At this lime he and n<itchiii«aii wore vn- 
in buying anil littiiiir •ml thn nM 

■gun ship l<owp«toft, which mml't H-vRml 
Toyiig» to the WVsl Inilii^D iind thi- Mediter- 
ranean uiidfr H 111 p|i in ton's eominnnd. In 
Miiv l7oU. whrti wnr wu* uaniii tlt-idsrtfrl, 
WriKlil n-as reiidv «'ilb n newly biitlt vessel, 
vbicb be ownied the St, Gt"irp' ; hiil l.hi- 
^iiMsngorernniitnl.intlieintnivitnof Aiitt.ria 
nnd hT nlly, took m'-niun'* to pn-rcnt »iic;h 
Kiielink »hip» a* ircta nt Li^jthom incTwuinR 
tiioir crcwi or iirmnm-ni, with n view to 
either oDeiit'i" or di-fuiifL-. W'riahl. wbii^e 
jputyow n'ii» tlwirly known, Bjiiilii'd to ih<? 
autfioritit'* t« know nbat (ot<v hi.> iniffht 
have on boaril, niid w.i.* forinnlly permittod 
IntHki* fonr"n)iill ennn nnd twnnly-fivo mon. 
Wrighr nrgi'd tli'-m to makn miiv thai Iip 
liiid no mon.-, (tot i> pprtificate fwin tlie (;o- 
Tvmur, nnd put lo wb on 1^8 July 17u<), wiMi 
four luercbanl, «Ulpg undyrhisconioy, whieh, 
iu Bildil ion to llioir cur^io, cttrried in nfliciflnl 
■rmanirnt nnd ship's (Tompnny fnf thn St. 
(inorf^. A* noon ni Ihny v;«tc clear of tbft 
hind th»c< were hastily IraiLihipped, but 
wore neorcidy will on board beforp lh»v 
■i};hlei! a larg^ Froiich «bip of war, wbicli 
had b-X'n tpccinlly flttod ont by th" mtir- 
cli»nt> of Mnr»i-il!ps to put n »lop to Wf Ight'j 
r.ruining, nnd now i'X|>i'Pled nn nosy victory. 
Under all tbL- dimidvnnlnKni, howuver. 
Wright beat her off nnd put hr^r lo llig^ht; 
oflefwhitb the Si. Uiwrm', having appsruntly 
rBO*ived a oood deal of damage, returned la 
LBgfhorn. There ah^i was arretted hy order 
of the Tuscan governmi'nt, ao hnvinK vio- 
lated the ni'utrnlity of tho port, and, net- 
wit lutl and in;; -Mann's proleil, vnia dstBined, 
ns also all lb-.- nihi-r English nbip»'h*'re, till, 
OB SirKiiwaril Ilawke"* coming out as com- 
mandcr-in-chiof, two ships of war were netit 
10 bring tliom nwny, by force if noeestary. 
■The governor, not bcinn in n position to 
TCpol forpc by forne, yielded after a ftH>ble 
.jrolest, and on L'3 Sept. 1768 the two »hip« 



of war, with tho St. Gearga and uitwn 
merclianTinrn in compuny, amied from Lejf- 
horn. 

After a short crui-* the Si. Ge'>rge put 
inti Malta, where Freunh influencr wa* 
Mrong «noug:h to prtvent \X'rijtht gnttiiifC 
■ny •torwi or iiupply of provisioni. or erea 
tnking on board lome Euslisli lonnten wha 
had bevn put on shori; lir rrancb privali^en. 
Finally, Wright waa obligvil to ]iut l>> «ea 
without tli^tn on 'Ji Oct. A(t«r that li« 
madf wvi?ml prixe«, which were rent into 
Cn$[liari. On 32 Jan. IT,'i7 Mann wrote lo 
I'ilt that Ihcr l,ej(horn jtovnniinent, mooff- 
nining that thdr action had ruined tlietraSe 
ofthr port, had given iiLTiuisiIoii for Wright 
to tend hi- jiritL-B thil'iEr, and that be had 
wfilliL-n to Wright to ihat effect. Whether 
Wright evpr got thin loiter i' unknown. It 
wan reporlfld in n l.iverpoul newspaper of 
IB May 175" thnl thn St, (ienrire had foim- 
<!orod in n niorm on IB March; but Iat«r 
Ictlers were mid to rejiurl that ihe ship had 
arrived irith a rich priie at MuMUia on 
■Jd May. Oh 2 July I . fi" Maun vrrote con- 
Hiwiveiy of Wright: ' It i« f-awd by aome 
circumstance*, and by hia not having bewn 
knnrd of forxomn montlw, that he foundered 
nt aen.' 

^^'rL(^h^B daughter, Pbilippn, lurried 
Charl'.-!< Evelyn, i^niiulBiin of John Evelyn 
[i). 1',] of Wotton ; her dniij{!it*r, SuMnoa, 
niarrixd Writflil'^ m-phew, John Kllworlkjr 
Foriiinntus Wright, a lieutenant in thRnarj 
during tho Aini^ricnn war of indppenilenoe, 
nnd nitcrward* maater of St. ()tH>r|fo"a Dook 
nt Liverpool, wUerw he wai BOCid«ntallj 
killed iu 17!)8. The oresMit i^pretentatiTM 
of Evelyn and Wriglit are novr Mttled in 
Now iCe aland. 

[TIio iletS'ls or Wright's story, worknl oat 
from inrormatian from tho fiimilv aiul fram iIm 
t'oreinn t)IRe* ;«[i»rn in lliii Vublie HsMfd 
Ofliw. a™ told ill lliu pttwuf wrilrr's Stndiea in 
ttaral History (1SS7. pp. SOS et acq), to which 
Mr. Oonier WilllHm«, in iha livnpool PriTalwM 
(pp. 40 et MM).), liMM addnd mnia tiirlhn' fU- 
licu'ars slranvii from Lirgrpuol Dewstoccn and 
oihcr lopiil rrcords ] J. K. L. 

WRIOHT, I'iEAXCES {ITflS-lMa^. 

pbiluuihropist. [Si»! DjiitL'aiiuxT, ]-*aiXcS>.] 

WRIOHT, OEOItaR NEWKSIIAM 
(1790?'1877l,iiiiw«llBni>oua writ«T, wa» tba 
•on of John Thomaft Wright, M.It., and waft 
bum, probably in Dublin, in 1790. He en- 
tered Trinilv Coll<«e, DnhlJu, wfaeoce lie 
matriciilatna in ISOt). He was a acliolar iu 
1^12. nnd grndunled Il.A. in 1814 and 3I.A. 
in 1817. )U was ndtnittod ad natdem at 
Oxford L'ni\M3«ity on 1' May IS.'Ht. He va« 




ordAined d«si.'un an'l pri-rat iu l^lS.atid tii^li] 
aevnnU cunCKU in IrwUnd. Subftequi'iitly 
Llw waa appointed nader of St. Mnrv W'ool- 
nolb, l.oiu)oD, and miuler of TrnkMburjr 
fTammnr kIiooI. IId dind in 1877. 

littniclM iovcmI ^idc book* nnd Other 

worka of little valup, \^' right'* jmblieBtioiiij 

arv: 1. 'Itudimeotaof tliL- (Irwk Laiijjrua^,' 

,1S20, 8to. i. 'An I(L«turical fiuidtf <o 

[ Aacivnt sod Modurn Dublin,' illuMral^d bj 

I •ngraviiu's aft<T dr«ning» bv H. Pctrii^, 

[ixiDdon, 1^1, l^Bio: 1»ti-V :i. •lt«\nnd il1ii>- 

tni<^ in a S.?riiT« of Vicvni from l>fnwinK!' 

by IVl.-ie.' London. 1820, llo. 4. ' Lancl- 

I acspe llittoriui! lUustrntiDnBorScntlnndBiid 

[the Warrrli-T NoivU," ISSI. o. ' Stpii™ in 

I Koith WaWa,' dliixtratcJ. Loudon, l^-l^, 

lihno. 6. ' Scene* in Irclami,' wil'i historical 

legtmla. illustrat.".!, I,oTidon, 1*^, 13mo. 

f 7. * A Xn* and Coniprchi'iiaiTn Onecllofr,' 

I i^ndon, ItiSJ J*, 5 vn|«. 8vo. 8. ' I.ifo and 

Kitignof William tV ' (incollaboraticn with 

Johu WatkitM). I«»r. B. ' The ShoKS and 

IliiUadiiof ihu MvditKrrBni-un,' with Mi^v- 

I tnga, Lodduu, 183!), 4to. 10. ' Lancaahins 

ila tluXorj, LeK<^Dd*, and Mnniifacturtx,' 

London, ItMS, Svt>. 11. 'Lifn and Cam* 

naictM of Anhur, Duhc of WcltinElon,' 

FlSll,4 vol*. 4td. Il>, 'Life itnd Timos of 

Louia I'liilippe.' l&II. Svo. 13. 'China, in 

• Series of Vivw»,' 18-13, 4 t'iIh. Jiu. 

H. 'The Fvophi'a (lalkry of Engraviiiiri." 

rlSlfi-A3 vola. -Ito. IS.'I'rBtiC'Ilhisirai^,' 

f]MA-7, 4 vnU 4to, 10. • IVltn'im. thr- 

]}thiiM>, Italy, and nrRPco,' illiittntpd, 1»U>. 

rS ToU, Jlo. Ill- nUo rditixl the ' \\Virlti> of 

Oeorgr Brrkcley' (1813), th« ' Work^ of 

Thomai EU-id' (181», 8to). and 'llu^-dd 

L£t«wart'-i Kli'iucnta of Pliilwtupliy of th>^ 

1 Hsflian Mind ' ( 1)^13). Uv oontriti'ilcd th» 

"Wdshand Iriih port iona to Gorton'a 'Tiypo- 

graphical Dii^linnnry.' 

[Bril. MiK Ot^ ; Ailibuna'i Dicl. of Engl. 
Lit. : Todd'i List of OuU. Gndnat«a ; FoMar* 
Alumni Oxoo-J I), J. O'D. 

WRIGHT, ICII.\BOIt CHARLES 

(irflS-l''71)i irntislator of Dant«, irasboni 

nt 51apn(!Ttny Hull, NottinjfliHmiiliire. nii 

I! Apnl 1796. Ilia father. L-habod VVrithi 

(1707 -1803 ), n dcic«ndanl of ih>-ol(l t^ntfolk 

JWlnilr of Wright, wa." a (rmndnon of Ii^lmbud 

Wtipil (17O0-1777). who wni oriffinally 

.■a ' ironmoiiser ' of Nutlinfcham, hul Milue- 

tnuonlly, to l<6l, founded the hank in Loui; 

Row in that town. The younger loLaliod. 

who took an artiii? part in all local mnlli'n, 

waa admitted nfrwinannr thntown in I71H, 

I GOtnraandant of the South Nnttiniihnm- 

'•hirey<!Oiiuuujwbonitwnii!nrolti'd in 171}|. 

uiultiuuijye>nlat«Tpn>cnteJ tlie 'Mapprr- 



|py Cup' aa a priie for the bi<»t niarksoMn 
the Itobin Mood viiliiniflnn. lie marrieil, 
on 38 Jan. 17DI, llnrrK'tt Marin (rf. 1»I3), 
daughter of Bniinmin Day of Yarmouth and 
Norwich, and died at hi« aeal of Slappcrlpy 
OB H Nov. ISUl', leaving ihree sons and ten 
daiiefati^rt. 

Thif Mom aoo, Ichabod Charles, waa edu- 
cated at Eton (1^08-14) aod at Christ 
Church, Oxford, matriculating on 22 April 
1814. 11r gnradaated 1I.A. (with ««ciind- 
ch>ui honourt) in 1817 and M^. in ISIfO, 
and held an open fellowitliip at Magdalen, 
Ibltf-ljt). He beeauie a jutnt [uanuger of 
thu bank at Not) iiighnui lU 18VJ), and ou 
I'l Dec. in the «aiue vear he itinrried Theo- 
doiiia, dftiighler of 'rUomas Dcnman, Hrst 
lord IVnmnn [^-v.J Ilia bwt Murgina were 
deroti'd bi^nci^lorth to bia buaineaa and i» 
the ibrory of bunkins, in eonm-clion witU 
which he published some pamphlets. Between 
lew and 1840, however, he f-ave bid Uiaun) 
to the study of Italian lileratnre, and pro- 
duced a metrical Iranslatioo '>f the ■ Divinn 
Commodia ' which enlillca him to a hi^h 
pUc« amunff tha popnUriacra of Danto in 
England. A few yeara before hi> father'* 
death humoiedfroui Itramcute. near N'ut> 
tin^'hau. tuSlaplefunl Hal!. Derbyshire. He 
died on 14 Oct. 1^*71 at lleutbllold Hall, 
ItnrniLah, ■'^uimex. tho ntiid^nci) of hi* eldest 
aon, (Iharlna lehahod Wright, lieutenant- 
colonel of tliu Itobin Hood rttiei and M.I*. 
for Nottingliaui l^^Gd-ll. Ilia widow died mt 
SO May 1895. 

Wri^fht's version of the ■ Divfna Com- 
mndin ' was ih'tiii.'d uri;;ina11y in three instal- 
mrnii, dijdicaled rr.'«piictiTBly to I-Ofd 
Brougham, Arriihiiihop llowh-y, and Lonl 
Denaiun. " all ardent ndmirera of Dante * 
(the tranilator further acknowlodgud apvcial 
eueuunigement and help from I'aniiii and 
from Cuunt Marioni). The lir«t iunlalnieul. 
'Tlie Inferno •.'( Dnnie iran^lafed into Kng- 
liah Ithvnic- wilbnn Introduction andNc-tea' 
(London, 183.1. 8vo. and 18411. naa com- 
tneiidiKl by the ' .\thenn'um,' and the ' I'ldin- 
hurgh ' en treated Wright to procei'd : bnt tbe 
'Quarterly,' 'with everj- dispoBiiion lo en- 
ci)ura|^ aiiv gentleman in an eh%-Bnt pur- 
suit,' conceived it to bf its duly to ash * how 
far (Caivy'a voliumi* Wma in every collec- 
tion) it wan worth Mr. Wright's while to 
undertake a new veriion of lljinte.' What 
little advantage, COneludea the revir-wer, 
XS'right may have gained aa lo manner ia 
couriterbutaiioed by I'i9i<ei un the aide of 
matter (Jiilj' IttWj' "The Pur|riitorio, traus- 
Inied into Ltiglish Rlivtiiir- ' ( Il^;l7 and 18-lU), 
war, however, genernlly t)iiMi)ji;Ut ii>have in- 
irreaacd Wright'* n^piitntion, and it was 



rieil. ^ 



I 



Wright 



lo6 



Wright 




follovfed in IWO by 'Tlio Piinidise." TUo 
tbn<' {lortionii wt^n ]iubti«1i(.'il tu^itliiT lu 
1811) lu 'Tlic Vuiun niid Lil'u df Dmiti?.' Hud 
niiwiii.>d iu Ikibii'HniiJSTrah'i] l.ibrury (18&4 
tad 1801), with lliiny-fi>nr illuMniiinns on 
•tool aft^r I'lAxninn. WriKliT'ii vpruon, 
which dcrivad uudi bonnlit fram the coin* 
nununr (1636) of (iabrivk- Hnuctti, u 
fti;ni!ni)|ir mlmiltml to lir acvurate and 
■toliolurly, but the slaiixn wbicb ibu tTBa»> 
Islor ftdopted. in {'rvfuroucv lu vstaying tlw 
t«m rima, uni'i bo lit'l'l lo <b!tTEici con- 
■idprnbly fr>>in i he otTwct. 

Aflor nn inlf^'iil of n'innlonn y»n 
Wrijibi iuui^ rho 6nt port, of hi» ■ Tlio 
Hind of llomrr. IninsUU'd into KniclUh 
filnnk ViTse' (Cninliridgi-'. 1KJ», (Svo; the 
Uat ]H>rliuii ilonti to tb» i-iid uf book lir. 
•ppac^d in Dei'tiinber ItiUtl), The blauk 
T«nn iTM good witliont being striking, utd 
Mnllbvw Ariuild wroln in bin ' l^clana On 
traiiiilatiiiK Honier ' (ISSl) thnt Wrigbt's 
vi!r*loii, roppnting in the? mnin Ihi- mnrito 
nod di^fi-cla of Coirr|>i*r'ii Tetirion, ns Sollii-bv'* 
rppculrd tlioiH of Foui^'s vvraion, bad, ' if ^u 
miglit be (lanloDHd tor M^inK *•>• uo iiro|M.T 
rauon for exisliug.' TW ai*^ from llie 
InnsUtor'A I^itT to the DMOofOantvr- 
bury on tha H-inn'ric I.«ctiu<m of Mattbew 
AriMild, E«|., I'twfnMor of Pi>i«ry in tb« 
L'mirtiiiy of t>xfonl' (Cwnbrid^, 1881, 
8vo). Wr^;bl poked fun, not unttuocMjlully, 
ai tlie nrofeotor of poeiijr'e «r ratieJra 
Bngtiab besaBaeKn, and ibti r»fl«ciioo upon 
th* cbairof pootry ai iheaaciirni iiuirenity 
olicilod frnm Arnold (in tbi> prefiic* to 
* Knibtii in Critidina *) U« iMtaUa UKWttO|4ia 
toUxford, ' adorable dnaBi«r,'and bit apnaal 
to Wright to pardon a rivatitv doonMO to 
ba ailenced in tbt< immiiwnt fulura by the 
'n*^[iu&Miit njurioe of tbe yoking lions of 

Ifca " Dwly IVIfvn'pn-"' 

In aiMiitoQ la bt* twvon* of Danta and 
Huinpr, by wlucb alona Im is nnRtnbrml, 
W nf;ht iiu blivbcd 'Tboughtaon t he Ourrmcv' 
(Kill). -The KriU of the Currrncy ' 1. 1 S) f |, 
au eipoailioQ of Sir Kobert I'til'* Bank 
rhart«T Aftofl^il tanlitaU«ccaUttmt)oa 
to ita Mil(j«c<, nbioh nacbeil a atztb oditiuo 
in 19SA), and • Tbe W*r and am Kemoattm ' 
(with aa ab>iimci of ib* kmla' xtfon on 

Dwmal diatrm in ]S48), 18&5. 

[FWar'* AUmai I>ioo. ITIt-ISMi Omu 
IMt, i. il8: It«rt«'> Ualoi Oulrv; 



^'Bt^uttwi'* Ktnn Lata, m. tu, t9\ Bwkj'i 
Aan.U of XotttagWni: Wyli*'* Old and Xi« 
.So<l<B«tiaM. fL 301 i K«UB)tbaiD Daili Oaar- 
4mn. U anJ ai iVl. 1871: TioiM. IS an) 
UOc«. )S;i:]lnior tba TiM».l8S8: Htaof 
tb> Haifa: AUibo-ta'a Diet, of Ei^liah Uian- 
tw», Bnt,MarCat.) T.& 



WRIGHT, JAMES (1«J.V171»), Mii- 
quary and miacellonaia* writer, aon of 
Abraham \Vrii;bi [q. r.l, by hi* wift Jane 
(d.1(i4fi).dKu^btBr of Janca Stone, watbMii 
nl Yamtnn, (.'xfonlebiro, where he u-m bap- 
tiled in ltU3 (Srtl-i.CtoR. TArw fh/irrd- 
Mre I'aritkr*, p. 277). Tbou^b cridently 
a good Kliulor, lie wa* not nf either nnivei^ 
■ity; but in lOOfl b» bccanw a Mndent of 
New lun, uiirraling in 1600 la the Middln 
Temple, by which society be waa called lo 
the bar in 107^. ' During tie Ituelualiona 
of govemmont and afterwanla,' aaya War* 
Ion, ' he wan attached to ibe prineiplea of 
mooitrcliy in their uoat nxteOMTe coiupcv* 
hentjon, and froon ihi* circumttaiice Im 
>ni);ht hare derired kit prrdilcctian for the 
tliealre which liad been euppreawd bythn 
rapiiblicnnK.' Beudea the iboalro he' van 
much attached to ooantry life, and dvelt 
oAttn with hi« Ckthar at Oakhaaa. lie iras 
'a akiUul antiquary and not a bad poet,* 
and pwawnd many rare and raliuble old 
maniucHptM, being *oao of Ibc fint collec- 
lore of old pUf d «nw Cartwrigbl.' but all 
hi» litfiruy cnnoaitiee, aOMng which nai an 
^ nxecllmt tnnKript of LeUnd'n 'litu^rrary' 
of thi? aire of Qunnn Rlixabtth, and oom^ 
I qiieDilr madr brfom the pmieDt mntilalioiia 
j and c(>rrupli<iiu, were unforliinatdy eon- 
Hiaed in iIk tirr of the )liddU> Temple of 
' 16r8iHEUtsE,tWtrt.:*«u,ii-'«7). ThamM 
llrariM) vrMe of bim in October 1713 aa 
recrnlly dead. I am told, he adds, that ' he 
^ dyed a papiM, and y< b-< continued always 
, au from hu fim taming, which wis 1 boar 
, in E. Chariot U'** tima' (HiuUB, (M- 

tiKtimu, ed. Rannie, ir. SG3). 
' A veraatile wrtirt with a loeid «yle and 
a genuine (ouch nf liiunuar, mporiiilly »* an 
oMayist, Wright wa» aiilbur of: L 'Tb« 
Uivtory and Anlii]aili«« of the County of 
Rutlaitd . . . illiMtrated with Seulptnit*,' 
London. 16^, 4ta. In dcdicatinetbu wcdc 
14 Ibe ' Xobililr and OenUy of uw Coaaty,* 
Wri^t apMtaAy mentiooa tbe cDotMiaflv- 
mi'Bt he recrived from Dvgdale. and uia 
adniwoti, whidi k* gTMUy nrued. to Cot- 
ton'* library. Nina pagM of * Additiona' 
apfwared in 168T, folio, and ' Farther Adi£- 
tiont, with a view of BurlnT>oo-ll>f-TniI * 
(8 m. folio) in 1714. TbeM 'Kanfavr 
AdoiltOM' ate bow rare. Two nuinbm 
(pfL 30) of a sew edition tn WUIiam tUnod 
aramrMl in 17% 9. ' ACumpeDdioua View 
ot Ike late T^mnha and TroabliM ta tkia 
Kingdom, by way of ■\nnala,' 108S, ^ro. 
Tlia u a tneoBot aceouiu of the tnobloua 

Striod of tko 'pomrii plot' (I07»-»1), 
ediraied taIleuyHyde.wlcf Ckfvndoii, 
and omtaiaing a warn teatimonial to the 



I 



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Wright 



107 



Wright 



: 



» 



rkl qnalitM of Sir ItApnr L'tCotrang*. 
'Country ronTcrMtiona ; B*iinf[ an Ac- 
count of lutDE DiacoursH tliat hippi-n'd in 
« vint to tli« Cuuntrr ln>t Kumnti^r on 
diws SaVJMUi pIiiuHy of iln? Modem 
Comt^Ds.af PrinkJDiTi ■^I'nuuL'tiid Vt<r«e, 
or Painling and Punt«r*, of Puvi' Htid 
POrtry.' rxindnn, IfilM, Miao. i. *Thn>i' 
I\wnu of St. l*!tiir« Cnlhpdm]; vit 'flic 
Kain*. Tliir ilcbuildinjc, Tho ttioirt-,* Lon- 
don, 1007, fol. (il" P™-'<» "n *Tlie Baini' 
Imd htea iasaed ti-iMnilttly in IGttS, 4to), 
•). * HutoHfl irielrionii-u : Hn Hiiito«icn] Ac- 
count ct tb« Knglwli Slagu, 4lii!vin|; tlia 
Anri«nl l'», Iiniirovemi-nt, »nd IVrffdion 
cf Ilnunnlick lU^ivurntalioiis in llii« Nh* 
tioii. la K Uinlcijiacof Ilnys nnd rinrfii*,' 
Loadoo, 1699, 4ia (r»prini»d in fiirnmilc 
ftmonf A>bbee'< rrpnnlv, 187:^). Tbi« in- 
tetmiixig liMlo akelch of tbi- Hran«itioin' 
■tngo waj>, by Wurburton's lulviof, incor- 
por«led (h> n pn>fi)c« (o vol. xi.) in Itodalej's 
'Old Knglinh Piny*,' 1744 (il is aIm giTMi 
in Coltiar'* Kiiaun of Diidelev, and in 
Wbite'a 'Old Enxliili Dmnins,'' and it i« 
•urannriwd in Olilya'a ' Britidi Librarian '). 
It aawiiMW the lona of a diklairiie tictwecn 
LoTpwii ud an old taimUdr. wba diacouiMt 
aniiably npon old plays and old actora flueli 
091 I»win nnd Pnllard, Taylor, a nolabis 
Ilatnlei, nnd Siraii*ton, who ]il>iyed Oibvlla 
' before tbo warn.' 1!^ ' fbnimix Pniiliniv : 

■ Poem on ihii Nrw I'nbrick of St, IVil'i 
Csthednl,' London. 17U!t. 4tfl: miMinhud 
ABOnymoualf, but rDfrrriHl to by ^vnf(bt in 
a nanOiMTipi note by lIi-untL- in tliv Hod- 
leian tcp^ (cf. Tlr-mxE, CoUfii'm*. ii. 119). 
Wrif[ht u fiirthnr rr^dii'^I witb IranslationB 
from the l^tin and Frrnrb ; ■ TtiyMIn*, a 
Tnwpdy lraniljti.il nut of Si-nocn; to which 
ia addrd M«ck-Tliyi!StM iu bnrlnniue,' 1874, 
8to, and 'Tbu Jiuw DnNrription of I'wis," 
in two l>«n#, London, 1I.M7. ^to. 

Yitmiart tkivw worki". Wrii-bt titvpared an 
Bccorale Fpilon>« in l^nglLiib Of l>iijidal«'* 

■ UonoKticnn' I'l'Ondon, 16M, fnl.), in the 
dMlicHtion of trbicb lie ntmnrki: ' War- 
wichitbire bni produend twr> of thu most 
Canoiu and dMerTingwritiTsiii their itcvi^nil 
wars tbal Gndland can buual uf — a l>iii;dnk> 
anfl a Shalr««pe«i*.' Wood citM a di«tic1i 
nf an •■lagT written by Wrigbt np-in John 
(load {i|. xJ\ IlMma, who rrnwctjMl Writhe, 
harinft carrefpondcd with liim upon the 
vubjivt of Lelnd, inform* m tlutt lio wrote 
•UKUirM upon Wood'* ' Atbcna'.' but nn'vr 
pablisbed lh«4n. From a initniixunpt vutrr 
bjifrarno, dated I7UI, in Dr. RawllntOTi'g 
copv of Wrigbt'a ' Ruins in St. P»itr» Catho- 
dr*l,' it npDcara tbat Wright, a tVw jonri: 
bdbr« bia dralfa, (pivit nrariii> n comjilrtr 



catnlogne of bla work*: and thai upon 
]ir«rbuii ajiplieation lie bnd at a foreicr dat« 
rcfuaod thiafavour to Wood ocbcinffaninja- 
didooB and {lartial biogTaplii»''((.'f. IIilaiixb, 
0/llretii>n«, ili. 372). 

Unxlilt doubtfullr atlributM to ^^'riKhl 
a volume of tmnmtion* (XiiitlMl 'Salva 
Epigram in a tnm : Ituing tlio choycMt Dia- 
ticM of Martidla l-'ourl<ieti tlookti of Epi- 
Krama St. of all tho Chinf Latin l'o«tx that 
havn writ in tlieae tiro Inat (IcDlurits. To- 
gether witli Cato'a Morality,' London, IStlS, 
and lOlM. Jto ; tliit volume is drdiralnd 
to Sir William Dromlt-y in June )GQ3 by 
■ JaniM Wright U. Arid.' Tbe aane aiifua- 
tur« it sIBx^ to a vcrtion of Ovid'e 'Epia- 

tlMl,'H»l 

[SfUtoDa Poena, od. ThDRlM WartOD. I7MA, 
ad fin. (ihia loaf note by Warton oniitiiiua Ilia 
only cuimwl«d iicc<>u<it raiaat of Wriabt and 
hia vritiaei): llcaraa's ColUctioaf, (d. Doble 
(Oifard Biau So« ; ; Wood ■ Atboma Oxon. nl. 
BItM, Ii. R44. ir. 219. 'i7S: Wilfoii'a Uatcliant 
Tnjion :Srl)ooI,p SAT; Cbntincni Bio^.Did, 
a-t. -Abraham wrigbt:* WMta JtiUiatbrm: 
Ilalkoll nnd I^iac'a Di(i. of Anonrnioua and 
l*>Sii<lijn. Lil.i Ailil.<ci[in'a [>ir(. uf kiii;]. lal.; 
NichoU'a Lit. Aa««l. ii'. 113; l^iw'i Bibt. uf 
Bngl. Tbciilr. Lit. p. 3CS ; Biulitt'i Colliwtiana 
and NotM; NotM nud l)ui>rl*a. 3nl nr. ii. 469, 
etbkcr. I. 30: Addil. MS. iSSdP, f. 3M.1 

T.S. 

WRIOHT, Sni J.\MEK (1710-1785), 
firat bafonft, |{ni<!ruor of UcorniOj burn in 
Ruatell Street, Itlooiiuburr, on 8 Hay 1711). 
was ibe fuunh sou of Robvtt Writ,'bt of 
8ed^«1d in tlu9 county of Duibam. who n- 
moT^ from England to CliaH^ton, and for 




l^tta, wbcoc mnidun nanit was laabelln 
Wrigbt. 

Jam«H i>ntervd Clray'a Inn un 14 Ang. 
1741, and wa« called 10 thu bar. Ua prnc- 
tieed in Cbarlvston, and about 17*t9 wna 
nominnt.rd nitomPV'gii'iipral of Koiith (Caro- 
lina. Ifn wna nflf^mnrita appointed ngcnt 
of tho colony in England, and on lit May 
17S0 ha waa nominated lieulenant-govi-raor 
of Q<«rgia. On 28 Jan. 17ttL' be received 
tbe coinminiou of capTain-geaerul and go- 
veruoi^in-cbief, with full eseculiie power*. 
In 1762 he defeated the att<'mpts of ThomaH 
Boon, gOTemorof ■'^outb Capolinftitointnnd 
hit jtiriadiction oTtir wmo dial.ricta aouth of 
(leorgin, on tho bordcra of Florida, and on 
7 Oct. 1763 procured the extension uf tbv 
fouthem frontier of tho proTince from tbe 
.\lBiainBha to tho river St. Mary. Li l7fiB 
Wright alao prvrided ul Aug'osin si a con- 



I 



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Wright 



loS 



Wright 



h 



fervDov of ihd L>OTMnanaf the four sniiihorn 
provinces witti ilie tliieh of fln Indian 
nniion^, where OH 10 (M. a truty woa rali- 
lt(vl1^-hic1lproc^Ir«(lfn^Ctn>r}[im•can«ildunbIt■ 
cxtm■ioIl ot'icrritory im tho w««lcm fruniicr. 
The (Iflivprance of ibc colony by tlie Ireaiy 
of I^U from tliD (taiivrDiis uei^chbourhooil 
of The S|MniardB in Fruriilii and ilip Kmncb 
at Mobili>, logolher willi tlie ^:iT«nsion nttd 
n^iilatinn nf tlin bo'inilnriri, led lo rapid 
([rowtli ill proBpcriiy and tn ihe nmiKTOlioa 
of numEroiia plan lirni from Houth Carolina. 
TUJ» liopeful protpuct waa ovi-rcaiit by ibe 
pusagcof llioSlampArtiii ITOC. Thvcolony 
of MaMacliusetl* louk (li>^ load ia oppotiing 
till- nHW rax, and X\iv pmrincinl aupmbly 
istupd n pirciilnr Icttfrr to tbn otbur rnlonic!* 
inviliiiK ihrm to take part in n Riineral 
conirrfKi. On tin- arrival of tbo Itiltcr in 
ncorgia tbe awcicblv wai privates ly convene d 
hy the speaker at ^avannab. Georgia liod 
twi-n tin lonf: ibe iinoiodiaie neighbour of 
hn>l il<- I'^rncb and Spnnifh Hittlempnts that 
n livpHiT »pn>p of loyalty prrvniltHl than ill 
(lir other nolonica. Wright ■•ncrti'd his in- 
UuL'uop to llie utmoKt, and (nccntided in pre- 
veuTiuK ihi^ nomination of delogatca to the 
geneml C0TigT«»«i hut he failed to bimlT a 
syiiipathvlic rv'ply to the messnRp from .Mni- 
aacbiiM'tt*. Ily f.ba cIom of 17iV> li'* found 
bi> authority almoaC gontdxcr'pl in Knian- 
nnh. (iwinji phidly lo the conr*!' of evc^nts 
in South Carolina, wbiTe the iniurBeiita had 
(.■omptetrly triumphed. ()[i lliu arrival uf 
the atunpvd paper from England on 5 Dec, 
Wright aared ii from <h.'»l ruction, and pven 
induond the mnri^bnnta In nae il for thn 
purpose of rlcarinR vwHela rruidy to •ail. 
TliinmeBsun^ofi'onijjIinnrparomed thewralh 
of the inhahitanlB of South Carolina, who 
(ariut'd Wright 'a piirrifidL-.' and decreed 
thai ■whoBOevertrallifliedwilb the Georgians 
ahoiild bi- put lo ih-atb.' The repi^al of thi^ 
Stamp Act allayed wilhont Ritintitiiahin)[t,lMi 
apiril of disi'iinti'nt, and whi'n Towiishnnd 
inipoik.ll frL'sU duliei in 170" it innnifi--jiltd 
Itself more alron;;lj- than before. Ont'lUec. 
I '08 llie Georgian lower buuae ex|>niBsi>d iUi 
tiynipathy wiib the Maaaacbueetta aawmbly, 
and on 10 Sept. 171(9 the nK'rchanlaadopIe'l 
maolulionoaifalnat importinfc Kn^liah good*. 
On 10 July 17TI Wright obtainnd pnrmia- 
Hon to vimt Oreat Britain to look after bi« 
private airnirs. leuvin;; Jainea lIabL'r:iham 
ua bia deputy at ^^atanuBb, lie wai well 
riicoived in London, and on H Dec. liT'i waa 
rrnatiHl a baronet in n>ward for hia aarvices. 
l(a Kturned to nfrir^in about ihe middlo 
of Kabruary l'7;i. On 5 .Kng. 17r4,lnaming 
tbftt an irregular r.onrention had net to 
coiioert action with the other coIoniM, he 



iuurMl a prorlatualion denoaDcini; it as il- 
legal, but wa* nnable to pr«T»nt tb« paaaage 
of resolutioiu condamnin^ thn aclion of (be 
Hnfiluli govvminpnt, or to hinder tho an- 
poinlmenl of acommilter tocorrwT>ond with 
ill* coinmiltres of the utjier provtncM, lie 
euoceedada^n,boweTer,ia|M«vaniiiigdale- 
gat«* being aent to Uie gcDers] congraa of 
the other twelve aialM. On tlie mmCing of 
aui-mhly in January ITTS Iw laanrd th&t 
the lower hooM wa* about la urge the ap- 
pointment of deUipitcs. To preveiii thin.on 
10 Feb. he prorogued it to May. When 
that date arrived the r>'pre4enlativei refuaed 
to asu>mbU> to furnish auppliea, aail the 
hnuHn waa furlhor prorogued lo November, 

The uniqufi position of Georgia in iwMttI 
to the continKEital congrot* rouiwd the billpr 
reBentmuut of the other eobaica. Wright, 
aiiprebenaive of tnraaiun. repeatedly un^-d 
the secretary for the eolouiea, the "Earl of 
Dartmouth '[ww l.mioE, WiLI-laM. aeconil 
Rtni.], tn fumixb him with a fnrr« of Ave 
hundred im-n at U'ufl. In Mav Ihe pnpular 
party aeiicd the gunjiowdcr in thi; niaga- 
liue al Savannah. and (jiibed the cannon in- 
tended to FinrBiiliiles on the king's birlbdar. 
Wright'a letters for aadstanca to thi» miL- 
lary and naval commanders we r«i inlerceplad 
by thci innurgpnta at Cliarleaton, and otban 
>uluili[nti<<l, slating that the provinoo waa 
quiet. (>n 4 July a Drorincial congmtt aa- 
aumbled und eleclod deJi'gati.'a to Ibe contj- 
iieulat eungreu. The executive eommitlee 
appoiuled by that body intercepted Wright'a 
ofheial cornispoadence at Savannah, and 
onlired ibi- llritiah vp«n!« in port to dopart 
without unlading. In .Vugiut thu militia 
en me nnderiheirconirol,anci loyaliatollioan 
were replaced by patriota. On 1 Dec. the 
congress extended ita euntrul ovvr the judi- 
cial courts. On 12 Jan. 1TT6 two man-of- 
war arrived in Ty bee, and, lo prevent Wright. 
rommnnicAting with th>-m, Joanpli Ilnber- 
iboin, brother of tlio former drputy go- 
vernor, by order of tho council of aaCrtj. 
entered the govemor'i boune on 16 Jan. obA 
made him a prisoner. On 11 Feb.. after beinf; 
insulted and fired at, he broh« bia parole 
and eacJiped lo the Scarborough man-of- 
war. After an inolTectnal attack on the 
town ho left Savannah, arriving at Ilalihs 
on 21 April. Thence he pnicwded to Eng- 
land, where bo remained until, nl the cloae 
of December 1T7B, (Sir) Archibald Camp- 
hell (1 7ra-l"ftl>[q. v.] recaptured .Sa««auali 
and rocovered Georgia. Wright wm imme- 
diafly directed lo procend to .Vmertca, and 
reached Savannah on 14 June 177fl. 

Ha found atfain in a miHirnbie condition, 
and, while •trivingto reorganiiw the govern- 



I 

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1^ 




■Kent, 1m va* niulilniilv niP.niK^pil in S^(«iii- 
b«c br tbc kirivnl of Am Vrrnch UmI, unilur 
tlic (jomtc d'flilaiiiK, with ■ largr toititary 
force an bnird. S&voiuiah wna immctliiilRU 
beuasc^i »ii<l Wrif;hl ui said to liavi- ■ari.'d 
ihtt fuMW from suTivader by Lis caftJng v<ili>. 
On 9 Oct. s Una] asMiiU itsh tvjwiled and 
tli« Anff* niwd. Wright took advanlugv of 
thia iriatn])li ta pmn for unvi^re mvMuraa 

XiTntthrrvvoluiioaBTTparty. llaatrDawIjr 
■ctwl to ttie ([fiiprnf amucwtv ofii-ivd by 
Six ilcnry Clinton (17;58 ?- !796) [q. v.], wlio 
landed iu Georgia ia Firbruarr 17t*U, and 
ha»ion«i1 10 fummoD an aasemblj^ befure tLu 
MKiiritj il nfii^n<<) to ihc diaaffocted could iii- 
dniincp lliu ctiarnrtnr of ihn mpreMnlalivps 
cboapn. (Dunediatulr on thninwitinKnf th.> 
waBmbly an act was piu»>d siranUnfi th>' 
luine goveraIIn^u^ a duty of luo and a, linlf 
per cent, on all exgurts. In ivlalialion fur 
tha attainder of royalist* bv tli<? rt^mbtican 
Iwialatuiv, Wright. pri)ciireil iho lajwage iu 
May 1760 of tiro BCtii,aI.Iainliiigl.V)tvpiibli- 
caas of hiffli troa*Mi,aiiddiiii|ualifyingthr'iij 
from holding any omce in <ii>orf(ia. 

On 13 May &r Hvnry ClJnlon capTiirnl 
CharieatOD, ai)d for a time nliirtrd (.icarvia 
from Bpfcvh«naioB of inva«ioii. Wright 
urpd tbo itritiab to ancuro th>'ir |<<)»ilio[i in 
thcaoutli bctbre tind«Ttahingd»ci*iv« n[>wra- 
tiona. liia adrice had >>nm« iroijihl wtih 
CUalon, bnl iriua Cornwalli* duiiidfiI tlin 
i-ommaiM iu 1781 he diari:-((utdi.-d \Vri);bt ■ 
opinion and commenced thr famous march 
which endml in the capiiulatioii of \'ork- 
tovn. After tin" niirrfnder of C''>riiwBlli», 
most nf the couth won retpiiiit^l by tli« re- 
publicaus. Wriffhl niipnolpd ulrfiiiely for 
reinforcemeutt, bui wit bout avail. On UJuiin 
ITS^ be r«<:«iT«d ordtrs lo nboiidoii the pro- 
TiitC«,niidon 11 July.aderubtaiujnKfuvaur- 
ablo ttrfmi for th« lovnliHlti, hv t'tu^iialed 
SavBnnaliBndrotuninfr.o Kii^laiiil. He had 
bc«i attainted in i\u: <ii.'i>i^inii .iiou/mbly on 
I March 177'*, and hia projicrty ci™fls<'JiI*d. 
In 17S3 Ibe American rofogcrj plncnd him 
ai the head of the board of afpMii* of the 
American loyali»ta for pruseeuIinR their 
clainui for compenulion. In Tcliini fur his 
asrricM and in compcnMitioD for rlie Iom ot 
properly, worth 33,000'., ho received a pi.'rL- 
aion of MIOA a yunr. lip <1i<«l in Hiiiiyifr 
Slrw-t, TiVtMtmiuster, on 20 Nov. irSi^nnd 
waa buried in llie aortb ctointer iif Wesimin- 
al«T Abb^on38Xov. WrigbiJibnrnUBh.iu 
Coltmbia county, Geuriria.nns nuined aflur 
him. If« nrnmed at ObarlcHton, in 1740, 
Sonh (t/. 17S3), only daiiglitur mid beifc** 
of Jamci Maidmon, n cJiptaiii in tli<' ajtiir. 
Ily ber be had throo surviving aonti and aix 



netev by bi* elde»t too, James, but iba mc- 
eeaaion woBCunliuui^d in the lineof hiiaouond 
aon, Alrxauder, nbotettlfd in Jamaica. 

A valuable r«pori made by Wright to tlif 
colonial Kivrrtarj on tlu> condition and n^ 
(oiircpa of (ieorfpa, dalrd !Xi Xov. 1773, 
togethc-r with his ollicialcorreapaudcnre with 
the colonial lecrelariea brtween 1774 and 
17^, u-BN published in lt*7vt in the 'Col- 
lecliuiia'of the G«orftia Ilislurieal Society. 
Did official correspondence with l.ord Sh«1- 
bump in preacrvod among the ijhelbiirne 
mnnuccrijils in the poisewion of the Mar- 
oiiis of Ijin>dowiio yllut. MSS. Crmtm. frth 
lUp.) 

[Hiirka'a Pwraea and BHTonvc^. ISSS; Foa- 
trv I AdniiMion n«gi»lFr* of Ony's Inn. p, 375; ^m 
Jonci* Hid. of Gtorgia. 1HN3. veil. li. puNm; ^| 
C»lliii.'ll<ina of GiMirgia llist-Soc.. 11)7^1. ili. 1G7- ^B 
378 : he\a pnin»il by t1ii< Oannnl Anviably of 
(ieorgin, ITAS^TI. SVonnsIoc, 1S81 ; Stevens'* 
nii.t. of Gtorgia. IS.te, vol. il. fiusim ; M'CallV 
Hisl. of (ruirxiii. Ssrsnnah, IHII in; Whilr'* 
Hist. CoIUctioua of UaorKia. Now York. IBfit. 
pp. IBg'9G ; Bnrtram's Trnrels iliniugh North 
nnd (loulh rnrolian. Goorsiii.nDd Plariila, IT02. ^- 
pp. i, 3i) L t^ATiiric'* Ixijtalitta nf ihi* Aintrrimn ^| 
lU'Vatutlon. i8R<; llnrVa Siitfolk Cullwlionn in H 
Addit StS IUI.Vt.tr. 333. 3H: ('lirstcr"s Rc- 
gixti'm at Wraliniailfr Alibuy, I37C. p. 4(0.) 

li 1. C. 

WRIGHT, .mux (IWiftMfiOA). ooo- 
^nirator, wnn a Brandinn of John Wright of 
I'liHighlnnd Hull, Vorlwhifv, who bad b«ien 
■i^nesdial to Henry VIII, aud migrattil 
thither from Kent iu tlie thirtv-lbird vear of 
tliat king's rc'ign. Hia sunltuberl hodby hia 
tiMvind wife, I'tvula Iiud«ton of Havlou, 
two euna, Jubn and CliriM.oplM-r (•i'« below), 
bolli gunpowder plotter*, nnd Iwodnuglilrrt, 
one of whom married 'riiomos i'ercy (ISflO- 
ItSO.'j) [ij. v.], u-bo was enjtnged in Ibe lamc 
consniracy. 

John, the elder bro.ber. was huplufed at 
Welwiukou mJau. 1.'^^ (Pouuiox, lluUlfr- 
ttttt. ii. 210). lie ia aaid to bare been a 
H'liool fellow of Father Tesitnond [q. v.] Ilw 
Jesuit, niid of finy Fnwkca ( Cnl. State I'ap/rn, 
'Doni.Jami>> I.svii. is). l''a1lierlierBrd,liiii 
cnnlumpornrj-, deirribes him ax 'a strong. 
tlout mnn.oud ofvuryKood wit, though alow 
of (pccch.* He was an cieelleiit swordanian 
and much dli^sed to flghling. Camdi^, 
wrilingto Sir R, Cotton in inMwhonQilwm 
Eliiabelhwa'tick.Miyiithnt both the Wrightt, 
wilh Ctttethy, Tn^nhnm, and others, were p«t 
under arri'*l a.* men likely to (rive Ironhlo in 
case of l.he quetsii's dentli (ItiKCti, On'//. 
Lftirrt. 3nd «-r. iii. 17P). However, atcord- 
ing to Gerard, John Wright became a catlio- 



I 

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daugfct«ie. He waa succncdeii in ihc baro- lie only about tbe time of Eaaex's rising, in 



WTight 



no 



I 



-whicli h» w>^ im|>tii--ivl«l (1601), oiii aflitr 
ihftt a chnRa>' rumc over IiiiD. IIl- IwcaniL' 
'■Uud itnil orgocxl •oIm.t cnriitiKP.' lie Icopt 
niucli in tb« compviv of Catwby, wbo et- 
tconed biip for hia valour aud wctvo;. Ili» 
houM at Twigmora in l^iic«ln>hirv, vb«in> 
Le now rhii-fly rv^ided, Iwt-nmp tho retort of 
prir«U. who itrat to him for hia cjilrituul 
mad thpir own rorpoml cumforl ((Ikkakd, 
Kofroticr^p. iiS). JuLti wu oni> of llut tint 
iitiliatnl inlo tho plol by bis friisiid Caliwby, 
probiilily ui tbt- same tiniHasThotDHS Wiiiii^r 
[q. 1... 1.0. Jsnitiiry 1R0I. IIo now ivinoviiil 
III! fnniil r from 'riviTOiof to a hoiiti* Iw lone- 
ins to Cnli*Iiy Bt Ijipworth in Wnrwirk- 
■bim. lli> lonh on UL-liTc pari in nil tbir 
op«fati<iit* of iliF coiiipiralon, nud on ihv 
oveof tlic atliial dincoii^rr of ibu plol (on tbti 
■fLeniooa of I Nov.)bofl(-J from London witb 
Catmby. At Ili>)b(<ch« on Ui» morning of 
tbv ^>tb, wben nn accidant look placn witb 
aoma gunpon-der, \k n-Ubrd in hia doapair la 

»nic« Ui* ret) toot to bla»- upcbrhouiwand 
I. In t\K ttsbt wbidi followed witb Sir 
iticbanl ^'alnii's luvu b>- aud bis brotbcr fell 
mart ally wounded. SirTli'im«s l.«wW,who 
wa»in toia aO'nir RMiilint^ihi'thiTifToi Wor- 
oMIpr, WTflti" In Sniiibiiry : ' I huird lo rt^- 
viT«C«t«ibyandIVirynndlIiclwo Wtij^hi*. 
who lay linadly wounded on ibi; ^roiiiid, 
thinking by tU« n-corerir of thetv to batr 
dome unto bis uuJMly (tetter aervtw ibaii 
by nulTcTing tfaem to di<>.' but iiit> iHsroto 
viandiiig by n>ii^li1y itripjird tbr bodies 
nakvdi and, i>o (iirgvnii bcinK ■< hnnd. Ihi-T 
eoon died(B"'- M^^,.^rfrfl^ MS.til7. f. aOfy, 
qnoi«d in ' LUe of a CuiMpitttlor,' ISHo, p. 
230V 

CiiMSTorHiiR Whigiit (|.*i70f-lfiOS>, ibe 
vounffBr brolbiT. brfori' thn plot wm pro- 
Wl'.-d tiad Uvn vnl inlo Spain in Jdatch 
lACKl, iTi nrrordnnci' with the arra&itenient 
Bifub- with Tbotniis Winli-r, to infomi Philip 
of ibe qiiMMi'ii dealb and to -oticii ibi* aid 
oTtlw ^^pa^i4l foivro. Ho waa, lik>.> WinU't, 
fiiniishei) willi Utiprt of ncommfiulittion 
bv li:knwl to IVvirnll, and wa> followal 
lira Uftonihs Ulrr by Fawko, who comr inlo 
Spain fi«)tn UmmcU on a nmilar prmnd 
(Ttl:aM!T, iv. S. liii). ChriiMpheT was uot 
callol n|Ma to takp part in the powder coo- 
Bpirxyull l*nt IflUIi, whnnllie tlvi'workws 
al ih" mine, linding 'ihi; ■tone wall very 
lianl to bra) ibntngli,' itwdcd frcffa UiimU. 
Iliif<irt<iiif-i n i-iv ihFucHonranl liaktd witb 
lho>>.- of hii ^nitbcr, and he waa nkuitsUj 
wnandnl with bini on (i Xot. 16(Kx 

I1--I,..,. N^n-itito: C«»dit»OB of fatholif* 
III ' t Jsni* I , pMh*r 0«tKnl'> N.ii^ 

ni'i ' " '•niipowiJ'r llal, (4. John Norn*. 

Ih I If 1 1 TnuUi Uaal Uiitmy and tlia S7«ei>h 




Wright 



I 

I 



TmMn, articlM la the Maalh. May aad Jane 
IMfi. Ly 111* Brr. John G<nnl. S.J. ; Vhtt •»» , 
IheUuipowdwPkt! by PalharlSinirl. I89;;i 
What Guapnwder PUt n*. by S. ](. Canlinar. 
1B97.1 T. G. L. 

WRIGHT, JOUN" n«.Vie43»),8«)ta-T 
poi-T , burn on I .Sept. IdCfi, at the faraibonae of 
Au[:bFiiuloigh in tbu oanidi of Stjm, Ayr- 
ibire. waa the founb child of Jamn* Wrigfit 
of Galslon an ibe naaiL'CoaRty.amd-driTttr, 
bv hifl wife, Ghuk' Tsylor (if. I>ircetnbar 
181!^) of Maticblioe. While he vai alill a 
child hU pamnt* maiovnl to Galtlon, when 
he received a few oionttw' icfaooliog and 
Ipumod to read, but not to write, lie k«to 
evidpuco of poweja of neiBory br rocitiiw 
Ibe whole of tbellflthPMlminth'ii SabbatS 
whool to the diacomfiwt of hi* audionDe. 
Fnim tli« ago of mren lie aaairivd hia father 
in driring roak, and at thirltvii he waa 
appruntiorj to Georgv Bnywn, a GaUloa 
weaver, a man of cuIliTatnl mind, who 
Baal«led blA vducniian and placed book* at 
his dispooal. While ftill a yonth Wright 
compowd fifteeo hundnsl linen of a tragedy 
onlitlod ■ Mabamel.or thr Ilegira,' which }ie 
waa forced to rotaiii in hie naenofy until he 
Leamad to write ni the age of aeventeeu. 
Ill IBS4 bejntoi-mleil lo Olawow, parrying 
witli hiiD ' The HetrMpect ' andaomo smidUr 
poema. Oo hia arrival be (aw John t^lru- 
thoro in-v.\ and Dugald Hoone [q.r.]. who 
approved hi« work and aaneted htm to go to 
hdinfautgh. There be fbnwl patrou* in 
* ChrittopbicT North * and llenir Ola«»fonl 
Bell W-v.T. wbn helped liim to obtain • pnb- 
Uaher. 'Tbr Iteln»pPrl' appeared in 1^6, ^H 
and was lauded by the '(Juarlerly ICeviow ^M 
and th« ' Monthly lieview,' as well •* hv 
Seottiah journals. Some shorter poenu 
which werr jnibliihed with il had the higher 
boooiir of Ih-id); praited by Sir Waller Sratt. 
WHghl aulili^d al ('nmbutlaDg. near Glas- 
gow, where be tnarried Margaret l.'halmei», 
gnnddaughler of the pnruli aphoolmoxler, 
and worked aa a wmrer. Finding hii meona I 
Mauty he priuled a aecond edition of tha ' 
'Jtetroapect ' two or three leara later, ami 
made a lour through Scotland »eUing mptte. 
lie found that hia fama waa extrniire, and 
the diKonrry waa hia ruin, Tho' lifwpiislity 
he n>ceii*d eDeounu^>d liabita of inten* 
{■rranee which, a few luuolbn afler hii nlum 
lo Camliutlang, compLrlely naasteivd liin. 
He wna in^araltid from his wifi% and lived 
in povcflyaiid wmlcbedn***. lu I>il3 he ^^ 
laaae a detcnnined effort lortftnlat'' bi« lifet. ^H 
nis frienda aaaiated bin bv publithinic at ^^ 
\tt 'TIw Whole IWtieol Work. ..f John 
^^righl.' Voforluiwlelr. hia refDnDalion 
waa either tra&neM or ioo Ule, tor he died 



I 

I 



d 



r 



Wright 



\Vrighl 



^^( 



■u s Olugoir liMpilal k few miinlha Utir. 
II" b*d • gCDninn JNWtiR gift ami ait inTcniu! 
spprociation nf niuunil Ixtauty. ill* mom 
anibitiou* piccju wcm marred by mi urtilirial 
iraiUlion at I^n) tlTron, but bin rliorttrr 
poraiB. rcIWliiig tliu umuliuiiB of bin uwu 
liiv, wei« lia|>pitir, 

[Hcnnoir pTvfii«4l lo WriKlit'« VTorkK, IW, 
villi portiMt ; Allibonc'i Diet. Engl. LiU 

E, I. C. 
WBIOBT, JOHN {17ro_*-18U). book- 
,ler aiid uulliur, bom iii 17TU or 1771, viaa 
ifae vta of a clerk in % luittiuriitrluriiig lioune 
at Norwicli. lie tb» appr^nlirad lo hi» 
unci?, J. linpirr, a ailk mi'rcor, but hn di*- 
liknl invlc, nii<l at tha expiry of bin iitdnn- 
ttitH went to IxindoiitaMwk fwlitcr^rji-m- 

iiloyneal. Hp obtaim-il an engBBi-ment n« 
oreniaii or KuperiuU-odeiiC ut lloukbum's 
roomt in Oond Strt«t, auil aTlvrwurd^ eii- 
lertd bu'ineAS on bi« own accoiinl a« a hnnlt- 
•ell^r nl IlXI l^ri^dillj, opnofiire Old Itnnd 
Strml. His nUop bccaiup thii 2i>ni:<nil morn- 
ins rmorl of thplrii^ndiof Iltt'iiitiiRiiilryia^ 
iMirett'i wwof tbpopiHAition [mc l>EBRin-r, 
Jobk]. In 17W7 Cnaniiijr, Joliu Hookbam 
Frtre [q. t.], and otber^ projected tbe 'Autj- 
Jaeolno, or Weekly Rxanilner.' Tbe» look 
a ]e»»e of 168 PiwJidilly, ihn unit boii»e to 
Wrilhl'*, vbici) wiw vacnnt on awrmnt. of 
tha tailuri! of J. (tn-cn, tbc publi*bnr of 
Borkc* lumpUluta, uid made over the hoiiiui 
to Writtnt, nwerrinK to themaclves iho fir«t 
Hoot. By tOMiia of a door in ibo parlition 
wall ili«y paMed from Wrigbt's abop to llie 
editorial ronm without ntlrncting notiee. 
Tb* ' Anti-Jacobin 'nppBflmdfir»t on 30 Xiiv, 
1797, undnr Ibp editornblp of William Gif- 
foril ^q. v.l, und wim eontinurd imlil y July 
I7W?. Tlip jounial wm dinlinguialit^J furtbe 
riirour t>r itn alluak« on its oppuuenta, and 
Wrij^br* (Imp wsa tlie •ceoe u ibe atiempi 
of John Wolrot [q.v.], betler knonn as 
P*t«r I'lodar, to nhasrinn OilTard witli a 
cuc^l for hi« tnxirja rHi<>ftionii on bin 
chancier and writinir*- \Vri«bi'« poliiic.nl 
COBnecliafu brought blm into eontnet wilh 
William Cubbett fi|. v.], tlien nt the bi'iKhl 
of bist-arlierfanw aa a torrniarlvr. NVbile 
Coblwtt vf»« still in Amenca, Wrighi hcT«1 
as hit n(^nt in I^nndon, and wb^n be rnme 
tn lCii|;lBnd in 1W)0 Ii4 |pivc bim bidding in 
ku bouse. In IrfOi Wrigbt failed in hii 
bnstneiu. He had itarted nith little money. 
and. according (o Cobbeli. tbepubliealioii uf 
ibe ' Anii-Jacobiu' brougbt bim more ixitu- 
riHj iban r?n)iin«ralinn. Itv hi- ftiiliire be 
ftmnd Iiimsrlf fvnoiialy in Cobholi'«i diilit, 
and he received little ninrcy. In tXKl be 
«a> eoofined in tbe Fleot at tbc unit of liix 
creditor. At n Inter time Cobbntt umrrtvd 



nnd Wrighl dMiied ihnt tbi? mmmitlal waa 
by mutual arranReroenl. .\t any rate, h« 
waa TvlcoJed id n few weeka on term* wbich 
intid« bim Cobbetl'a baidi and forced bim to 
follow bis matter in 1*^01 iu bin change of 
pulilics. Ila look rooniM at a tailors at 
& Tan Ion Squan>, WeHminaier, but duriog 
Cnbbctr* fmjiinnl abavnro* from town ti0 
lived at bi« bouic at lo Duke Street, Wp«t- 
miastcT, looked afkcr bia domcsl ic nffhin, and 
Buperinteuded the publiealion of the ' Weekly 
PolitienI lieginler.' Aeeording to Tbomu 
Cunou ItanABrd \|. v.], lie recriTed do re- 
miinnstion for thpae t«rvic»», and waa drajed 
•ven poKtol cipcniwa iinl«M bo produced ibt 
back of eroTy twoprony pout letter which he 
rceeired, 

Ue wni ebielly employed. boweTer, an 
«lilorijf 'Coblwli'j ["arliauientarv Uiilory,' 
'Cobbelt'sPariiaiuentarr Debate*,'' and' Cob- 
bell'* Slatw Triala." Of the two fanner bo 
took nnlim charge, but Ihnlniil waaentrustad 
to Tbomna llarlv llonrell [q. i.] aa anb- 
editor. To Wriciit were awgned by n verbal 
nicreemeni two-thirds of the prolit» on tlie 
' Debates' nnd half tbe profils ou Ihe'l'ar* 
liameutary HiHoiy' and tbe 'Slule Triala.' 
Cobbattwaaori^nallyproprietor.buliu 1810 
be waa rontonorS to two yaars' impriaonment 
for an attack on the govemmrnt, and dunng 
bis incorecrntion a t-iolrnt diiputc oraar aa to 
the diviniou of tbe prufitii, whidi wna cora- 
plicat«d by Wrigbi's raining a tlaim for rc- 
BDuueratlon for hU other avrricea. Tbe 
printer Hansard, wbo aided wilh Wrigbt, 
evfintiially obtained pnwennion of tbe ' Psi^ 
liamvntnrr DelmlM ' ond thr- ' 1 1 intofr,' re- 
moved Co bhett'i name fnim the titl6-iiag«, 
and cnnttuued Wright in bis post nf editor. 
Tbe ' I'nrliamenlury Hialurv ' nppenreil in 
tbirtv-«ix volutaeo between l^tOU and 1^20, 
and Dealt witli the nerioil preiioua to |h03, 
wb^n tbo •irries of ihn 'Dphal'*' began. 
Wrigbt ediind thir!T-*ix volumiw of ibe 
' Debates' betwiwn l^lL' and IK^O, and waa 
thuti succeeded •• editor by I'bnmnj liodg* 
■kin. 

Tbeir Gnancial difli^rences produt^i'd a Inat- 
ing enmity between Cohbett and Wright, 
which was einbitl«rfMl by aiiotber circum- 
atancw. On ('obbetl's rxlrnan from ^aol in 
1612 n «lolement appeared in the 'Times 'thai 
he Iind nought to avoid imjirisonment two 
ycarr before bymnliiiig bii niibinisiion to go- 
vernment and ofl'eringtosuppre« the 'Weekly 
Register.' Wright, wle.i bud been priry to 
Coobctt'a overturca, ntid had eiideuvuured to 
Oiaaiiade him from ibein, wan uiyufillr Hua- 
peeted of having lii^lrayed Ibem. The re- 
velation was too damnging to be fornivnn. 
[r1!^1SI, while in .\merica, Cohbctt publisbi'd 



Wright 



113 



W'right 



n UTA^ •ttiipk OH Wriglil in th« ' Ri-diuler," 
nlli'f[iu(t thai Ik Unit ile.twU-d liiui fiJuir^riiij; 
liU Bccouuls ami dt-ipribiiig f^phicftUy ' tliP 
bitf tvuiid dn)[)it uf nwpikt ibat iu a cold 
wmlcr'a lUjr rolled duwii the uiiiiT'* Totv- 
livud ' wlion hU TilUiiiv wai dlicoTf^md. 
Wriglil t)blain(J50CI/.(Innin)rPiiUBiniit Wil- 
liam Iiinvll Cloiaviit, thn bookiclkT, for 
publiiihiiiK tlie lilul. aud whtn Cubbrtl rr^ 
tiimvd tu Eiii'liuid hv commit iitvrl fiructMnl- 
iugv ujj&iiuil biin al«o, and on II Dm. 18^ 
vblaiiied 1,000'. damMea (Tmer, 12 D«c. 

Wliiin Wrijthi'* ronnMtion with tlic ' IVr- 
linTnontntr' Dubalp* ' ccaiu>d in IS.%, bu un- 
dcTtook a ' llii|;rapliiciil Memoir of i\'illitja 
Ilunkiuon' (L'luclori, 18>fl, t>vc)), a work of 
coiuiidt>rulili! inarit. Ho \wa« ii«xl employed 
bv ibe publishera Jobn Mumt; (1778-lWl) 
Iq.v.' and UicJinrd llonlloy (1794-1871) 
[q.».! in littirnry work. In 1831 Mnrrn; 

Sublii'bpd an iiiitiim of Boiwpira ' Life of 
ohnson,' fcnind<«cl on tbal of John WUaon 
Ctuki-r [q. v.] Tbe ninth and Irnlli voliimM. 
(onai«ting of « Hurolemenlary eoUectioo of 
WinlemiKirarT anwiiotw cpncrning Johniwn 
undi-r ihfi title' .Inlinwiniaiin,' wore edited by 
Wrisfat. Tbpv niijM'orcd In a iRpanitQ Hi- 
tkn in ISSti (London, Kto). Beiwii-n 183:2 
Uti I83u be iraa «agag«d on tbe ' Life and 
Work of Lord Brron/ pnblished by Murray, 
and in l^SJi on llie eoUoctiTe edition of 
CrabV* ' WorlifL- Il«t«MII I83R and DUO 
ht auia«d William Stanhop* Tnylnr and 
OaptaiaJohn Henry IVuikIc ui pdiiinf; Ibe 
'CtaRwpoadnnee of' William Pitt, Earl of 
CliatlMUB* (Londun, 4 vots. i>ro\. He wa« 
•dttor of Ili« flnt collKliTe edition of 
Hoi«co Walpolo> ■ Leitn*,' wbicb appp«r«l 
w IBtO (London, 6 roU Sro). A roTiccd 
cditian wu publtibed in lS4t a»d a third in 
IBtti. An Ani-^rican i<ditioa Rpp«U«d U 
PliiUdeljiliia in IKi^. At tbe udm Ot kaa 
death \\ Tijcht wa« rangifd in bit IMM isf 
Dortani trork. lb* puMiqalion of *SSr Ilnsy 

C«Trudi>li'i DcbalfM of tbe IIoOM o( Ooni> 
ni'm» durins tbe lliirtfvnlli I*aTiiaiMEiit of 
tin«I Britain, cocniDonly called the Uarv- 
Krtetl I'arliaiMnl' [*•« CAVESDlaii, SiK 
llBtiiT*. The original neiiea, written in 
tkertWnd, ana coatauMd in Ci>r1y-«if|tii 
Toliunea in tbe ^ertoa waitwciipte at ihrn 
Brtttih Uiueum. Wti(bt dedpMnd Hid 
truueribed the n*Bu>crip( m ftr as 37 March 
1771, and Mppknentedibc t»i vitb'illu^- 
tnOiovw of the parltamentary bistoey of the 
niga lit (tciorfe 111,' drann fma vnpit^ 
liAed leliem, priTalP j<Himal»,ai>d mtmom. 
In 1^>39 hit puUliihad a pnliminair folnnw, 
MMlaiuing tho ■ tVtel* of the Howe of 
CUMMnwo« the BillfarthaOorenSMKor 







Quebec' (London, 8vo), a subjecl at thai 
lime of conniderable interMt. The work 
Yraa HpprOTi^ bv Lord Drou^haiB< wb(^ lO- 
Kulher with Uiidion (innuiy ^q.T.},aam*t«d 
Wright iloancially. SnTcn iiartii appcamd 
between IS41 and 1&13, whicD, wbrn bound, 
formn] two ToluiiMa (London, <^vo). 

Wrighl died in London on SI> Feb. 18M 
ni bin nuidunce, 20 Oenabtirgli Stret4, R*- 
KvuVa I'ark, and wat buried at iba HarvW- 
bone parish church. Two Tnlanteo of 0>V 
betl'' corrwpondence wilb Wiigbt nre pra* 
*i'rvi»l al the llritliih Miucum (Addit. MSSl 
■J-Ji-OC., 22907). A third (Addit, MS. 31 liO) 
f.nntains ktlvre in the poMcuaioa of Cokbelt, 
and a XBii-DiL-niof hisoaMagaiiW Wrigblin 
refford ti> the ' ParlianMolary Hiaioiy ' and 
' Debate*.' Wright tranalatod from th« 
German of Alexandre Staniala* de WifBpl&ii 
' A Voracv to ^int DominKO in 17S8, 1789^ 
and l'kl^(Undon. 17»7, 8vo). 

[0(01. Mac. 1$44. i, 4S7; Allibono* Did. a^M 
Engl. Lit. ; lUport of the action Vi'nght nJH 
Clement. 1116: Iliiiah'* Memein of CobUtt,^ 
ISSe, it. 31S-8S: 8m[th'aLtfeofOobtiatt,1878, 
Ufe of WiUiam Oobtielt, ISU. mi. 167-73 
l\>litUal DMth of WUliam Oobbelt, 1«M 
FMtry of Ilia AMi-faeotan. cd. Kboond*, 181 
p. xiili; .ViehnI*'* Ut. Dlnatr. t1. A-C; Edii 
but^h KfTi*«. 183»^0, Izi. BO.J E. I. C. 

WRIGHT. JOHN MASEY (1777-1886). 
wal•'r•>'l»u^-paint<^^. wni bom on 14 Oet. 
1777 at I'mtonvillp, Loodoa, where hiii 
fatbcTwasanoif;aD-builder, Hewaaappren- 
ttccd to thr lame biuiaeu, but, aa it prov«d 
diaiatftpfiil Id him, be waa allowed to fallow 
his nalutal inclination for art. Aa a boy 
he was given tbe OfpcrtoBity of watdiinK 
Tlioma* Stothard [q. v.] when at work in 
his *tudia, but otberniMlie waa iclf-iaught. 
About 1610 Wriftlil became aaiociatedwiUi 
Hewy Atfon Barker [a. v.l tor mrhoae 
paaonflaa in the Strand be did much ei- 
«M»aX woA, indudinc the battle* of Oi>- 
rate, Viitoria. and Waterloo. He vaa 
also cEmpIoyed foe a time a* a tecno-painlar 
at tbe <qiM*-bou*e. But hi* icputation 
nau uponUennaUocMipantioaaillutntiBf 
Sbakei^eBre «ad olber MHa, wbidl vera ex- 
treaaely nKBenna ana ezecnWd wiih ad- 
mirable ia*to and feetinc in tbe naanet of 
Stotbard. IU exhibitnl at ibe Rnynl .\ca- 
denylraa 1812 to 181?, and in le^ «ai 
elected an ataociate of itie Watcccolour 
Soeiefy : be becnve a full menber in llSS, 
and tbencaCtrwwd to th« ei>d of bia Ion; 
life na a ngslar eibibiicr. HiHdrawinga 
eren lamly aomred for tbe ' Liierair 
SoaTenir. 'AmiUel,' * F oegat w e wot,' and 
nailar puhliealioBt : aUo Ibr ftiM editiaa* of 
tbe t!vAi of Sv Walter Soolt and 





and for tite '<ta]li>rv of Mndcrn IliitisU | 
Anisu.' riM«» froen his ' lUllU- of Vii- ! 

Ctoria ' •od ■ Th« OImwI, a Cliiiiilraiu Ftolie," , 
Appfan-il in 1814, and ' UpTotioii,' u subject 
from liocr*cc\o, ina i-njjntrcd in Cbarlw 
IlMth in 1833. Tlioufli I'tlrcm^Iv indaiK 
triou*, \V'rij{hl «*• iwirlif muiuieralcd forbi* 
work. •Dii duKiig hie Intfr vfar* n-O'ivwi a 
MnaUtKfU^D from tb"? WaiiTtoIour Sociptj-. 
B« died OD 13 Xty 18B6. il; bit v. if.-, Miu 
JlMdoiTf, he hnd a wn nnd ii dnuRlitrr. 
[Rogdi Hist, of (br ■ Old WiiMKnlnur ' 
ftociwyi RoigWiTO* Di«. of Artisia; Onviyy'* 
ISrt.of Artut*. 170O-I893.1 F. M. O'U. 

WRIOHT. JOHN MIf'HAl:".l.|l(!2.'.K 

1700), poftrail-paintirr, Iwrn nbniit llWS in 

^outUnd, 't» Btal«d to have Wn n pupil af 

Oeorgo JiiiiwMnM> [ij. r.], and to hum toidl' 

to Rnglnnd >t tliR Ofpi at nvutili'i-n. t'ooii 

•ttorwsrd* he w«il to Il«ly and rusidt'd 

tberttforaoimvjeim. Up was'^Ieelediii IGlw 

• mombiT of tlu^ ii>earl«iu_'r 'if ^t. l.n'k- nt 

Flonnci!. anil vrti* hIki * inrmlHT of lh>< 

taawdemy al Home. Wbil'^ nl Uomr bv ropii-d 

)tlie iriple portmii offUiBrl.-ii (by Vniillvr.k, 

\ wkicii lilid biwiiK'nl In Itfrnim (lie iu:iil|iior. 

Ho tvliirnvd to KiiKlnnd durinit iheOoinmou- 

I WMtlili qihI pxcculi'd wviTiil txeplltut (ur- 

' tnuU, incliiiiiiig •.'•nv of Elliiibvlli CUj'|>oti\ 

CromwL-ll'ii riivouril4> dHitglilvr, ji:iiiiii-il in 

1631*, und tiov in th^ Xntinnnl Porlmil (inl- 

lerVi ly^ndnn, A portmil of (icncml .Monclc 

«l'n«Ri IIimM i* ligncfl xnd dntcd Vi'iii. 

f Odicr pfirtfiiii" of Monck puinied by \Vrifilit 

After tli« Itiwtirsliou n'rigbl IxvMiie k 
Icadinit jMiriiltT iu Luiidoii ftcid a rival of Lcly. 
Ilia pudniitii «rv well and »n1id!_v pninled, 
sad dbow miirb c1inrnrl>'r, ni miiy \v irnn 
from the jvirtrnii" of Thomoj llnhiH-i [ij. v.J 
and Thimnit Cbilfinrli 'a. v.' in ihe Naliounf 
Portrait tJnllury, Loud mi. .John Kn:l;rn 

I fq. v.] tbv disiisi niiti^ lliut ' I'iiMl, u April, 
came the Earii- <•{ N'Trbiininiuii und the 
famou* |i4iiitvr Mr. Wri/hl ; und ' 1I58S, 
3 OttolnT. Vinili'd Mr. Wrialil, a Sra>t«iian, 
nrlio l)»il liv'd long at linmi' nnd wii.i i-ii.-i-to'd 
« good painter.' Wright puuili'd viroe dif 
comtiTr pictutM fiirfhiirU'sII iiiWbitidinU. 
Kielyn allitJri (o tlum- and l<> u triplt- [Mt- 
Unit of Jolin l,acy Id. 1*181) ^'(, i .1 1 hi: famoiu 

■ caoMsliaii, tt Parson Sinipli- in tli<- ' Clteat*,' 
Bsntly in the 'Taming of the Shivw,'and 
Hotuimr d*' Vic* in the * Conn! it C:tp)uin ; ' 
lhi» pirtiiTv, pnintod in lltTii, i> now nt 
ilamiiToa Court. Samuel IVpr« frj. v.] pn- 
frm-d Lfly, for, aftw awinKXa^j C^tk- 
tnainc':! portnil is hely't studio, \w aayt in 
his'lVmry' for IS June Wii: -Tlieoce to 
Sir. Wright'i, ibo painiert but T.ord! the 

VOL. LSI II. 



diflTiiKnce that isbclirttn tb*irlwo irurka! 
ProbaUjr Wright wiut puiuliu); Ludj Cii»tt< 
■Daine too. AluirtliegrMtfiraof Loudou in 
lOISfi gnat aMisianco waa midrrMd to tha 
corpornlion of I/indon by Sir Jlalthi'ir Ilnle 
[i].r.^nnd other jiid(;ca in wtT.lin^ the difficult 
(iiicalioniofproprrtyariaiiixfrom tfaediaanti^r. 
In IffiO tho corporation of London detci^ 
minted to cumui<.'ui<jrale ibia action by bav- 
in^' tbe pijrirnits of all tbcjudsea, twentr- 
two in iiiiiiilf^r, painted to bo niing in Ina 
(iiiiyhnll or ininr' nthir public placo. Sir 
tVicr I^Iv was inviti-d to ondcrtako thia 
tnik, hilt ifi^i^linad to attend upon thu judge*. 
Thi! fomtniisiou wua thflmfon; ([iven to 
Wrijfbl, who ent.'ul4.-d the greater number 
of th>- portralto, all at full leiij^b, durinc 
ih(> iveit thrve or fourvear*. Ev«lyD, inlua 
■ Diary' for 31 July le'S, iiOtM that h« ' W«nt 
to iiii thn jiidgra npwly ant up In ftuildhnll/ 
Tliciw piiMmiia wrrc restored and mpiLint4>il 
by one Spiridione Kama in 177!'. 
'in l(17:i Wri|{Ut painted for Sir lUibi-rt 
Vynix n full-l<>ii{^h portrait of I'tiace Itu* 

tiert , which ii uou- ut Ma^nlrn CoUe^, Ox- 
>mi. He piiinted loany porlraita of thu 
gi'iilrv and nohdily, which arp to ba fonud 
in privatj^ roHortinn*, inch nx tho«A of I.onl 
liaKDt, thi^ Karl of Kriudford, I^rd Talbot dn 
Jlalnliidi'. rod olliprs. . They are painted 
with a i|uie< 9lreiif{lL und dignity which con- 
tnut with ibt- gruuen and content ioiia of tho 
ra«bion» of the litno. 

Ill lOSIt Wrifjht, probably on actiiunt of 
hi* knowledt[i! of Itulian and pmvioua n- 
tidenc in Italy, wu appainted 'majocdoina' 
in the iiuite ofKoger Palmnr, eorl of Canlle- 
iiininu[q. v.^ upon hiiaborliTueiubtuuy from 
Jiimiw II to Iiuioci^il. XI Hi Iloiui^. Tho 
emba»»y arrived nt. ICome in Joiiiinr^ 11)87. 
Wright, who soemw 1o har>- rvniflined at 
Itome for anmo time later than tho embnuy, 
publiahcd in Italian a fulwme. thnURh not 
uninterestiiaii, account of the emhauy and 
ilB reveptioQ in Uuuie, with ilUmtrntiona. It 
was Mititl«d ' Hagpiairliu dvllu solunnii eom- 
uarHft falta in Itnmn,* Koniv ^1<J^7], fol. An 
Hof liah Tenion of this wan prvpan-d in 1088 
(I.«iid«n, fol.> by Nnhiim Tnif [q. v.] Ob 
hit return to ICngland Wright found that hi« 
nio«t dangerous rival, Sir (iodf^•y KnelW 
[q. v.J, had eslublished himself lirmlj in 
uouubir favour and fashiouubli- palronaip!. 
\\ riuht lhi>reror« loat h'm gftuiid, und when, 
not long before his death, be vuliviied Ihu 
pout of Icing'* limner in Scotland, he wan 
unauccottful. He dii'd in ITOO in Jhoks 
Street, Covent Oarih-n. ami was burit^ lu 
tile Ht. Paul's Church clone by. 

OwiuK lo Ilia habit of sigiiiug hia nnmn in 
^ Latin, 'J. M. RilDi,' with the iiiitiala cou- 

1 



ttte. ■ 



joiiwil, bii name lifts been the touroe of i 

alvxiir lo touivart Lisiorian«. Wright 
• vaiubl« coll*ciinn of flgnt*a, gvnt*, 
ihHlln, tie, miNitly rnllnrtml in Italy, anil 
noliccd by Ewlyni ttii> eallcctian ho diM 
IKwed of to Sir Iliuia ttloaim [n. v.], with 
wiiOM oUuir irviuures il pnoM into tlie 
Bntiiti MiMenm. 

Wriglit Lad a too, wliom h* MtaUishod 
at Rum* aa • U«chcr of luwoiagM. Ilia 
brotbnr, JnmmUli Wrigjht, wu um a paintnr, 
who aaiiiiFd in tbo acecMrorirs of the Judaea' 
portnuia in tho Unildhall. A ncpbdw, Jobn 
MichaidWri|^t,BFltIeil in In-taad ami pmc- ' 
liaad wtUt *oro« aueceu iia& portraii-iiaiut^r 
than. InikeooUeetionof tJwBarl orPowi« 
than ia a portrait of the Rart of CaalUmAinp, 
atanding-and dictAtinif to hi* MicTrtary; the 
lattrr is probably \\ right, and thn whole 
picture painted bj himself. 

pValpalc'i Anaodotca of Fuatiag, aS. Wur- 
nam. wiUiinaau«mptiiotM_V7SirG«omSeluirf; 
P<pTii'* u)d Erahrn'a Diarifa; DaPi&i Liru* 
of th* Paiatrni BrjJall* Ritt. of Art in Sfot- 
laad; Sexier** Diet, of PiiintBre: IVics'i De- 
actipiira .Account ef tbo GwldhalL] L. C. 

WRIGHT. .IDHN WESLEY (ir*»- 
19(K), commandiT K-N., of a Laaca*hir<^ 
ftmily, aon ot Jamvs Wright, a oapiain in 
tliB ariDT, vaa bora at wti on 14 June 
1T09. While still t*t^ yi>nnK lie went with 
hJM father und the fiimilv to Min<imt, wheT« 
be teamt miinic and trrnch, in both of 
wbiefa bo axmllixl. It taaj bo pmiimrd 
that he alao Iramt SponiilL Harly in IT8I 
be wa> vntMnl oD Uiard th« ItriUjant with 
(Sir) ICuj^r Ciirli* [u. r.^. anil ine for the 
neit two yMr» at G ibraltar during the aiegie. 
Til 17^1, irhirn tho Biilliant waa Mid cff, 
Wright iraa atnt to a adiool at Wondrwonh, 
whan he raoiMiied foe two ymrt. H<> vbs 
tbnn etnployvd (Dr aoou tina in a nercbKnt'* 
oAm in the oiiy.and— appaMolly in 1788 — 
vaa aant ' on en important «oiBiBtM*en ' to 
9L PK«r«burg. Ill- rrn»iiii-d in Ruwia fl>r 
tbe next five year*, viiitins Mownw and 
otfaor plaeea, and acquiring a t horoogh knoir- 
ledse of ifau Unsure. Ue wu introdnoed 
to Sir WiUiuB Sidney Smith \a. rX end at 
blc TOifne^t joined lh« Dtamonn in tteifmnK 
of I7M with tha ralin|[ of midahipiniAn, and 
apip(u>-ntly doinx duly ni eajitain'* rterk ; 
bn •Pois* (•> half de>!>«ribed liirciMlf ai ' tha 
auctvtary of liia friend.' After nearly two 
T««r<i on ikn ooau of Prauce, be wu with 
^nith on tbo nigbt of 18-19 April ITSO. 
when be ww taknt nriMntfr. Ili* iymfld«n- 
tial rvlaiiiMis to Satth «Dcurn] him th« par- 
tlcnbr at tnotiOB* of the French fCDTrmtnoBt ; 
he wa* aent with Snith to I'aris, ww caBfiiwd 




in the Teaipl*' H a clo»' ptwmpr, wn* r»-, 
prntrdly exaaiinied as to StaiEliV dirtijni*, nnd 
nnally cCeetcd Ilia e»eepe with .Smith in May 
171)8. He then joined lh« Tifre, apparently 
as octins liculnuDt. tor hi* c'>nimieiiion wa^ 
not confiraied till 39 Match l8tU. Il>- coa- 
linii«d with Snilb ikronghoui th* (Wmini*- 
HOD at Aen> and on tbo coa«t of E^pt till 
proBiol4id, (in 7 Hay IBOS, to the Cynthia 
■loop, which ho took to KngUnd. 

Un the renewal uf ibe war he wu ap> 
pointed to tbe Vinctju hrig, in which for 
the next j«ar ho waa enployeil on the co««l 
of Fnmce. On tbe morning of 8 Ma; 1601 
be had bmn blown by ttmM of wvatbor into 
QoibeNin Bay, and w«» ojf th« mouth of the 
Viloino, whi« the wind died away. Bono 
lefenlern gunboats rame oot of tbe rirer, 
■nd surrounded tbe bri^, which Ibecalln m- 
derpd nlnoet ilefeacekiia af^aiMt ivch oddi; 
after being pomiided for two boun, the br^ 
was Pomp»IInd to iiiirTetidfT. Wright w»ii 
vnt to I'arin and tLgn'm eontined •> a otoie 
pnioiirr in tbe Temple. He wnsaubjected to 
fprnied eiaminationa aa lo whethu' be had 
nut put on shore in Fnec« Mine royalist 
agent*: GeoT^e«. I'icheirrn. Riviere, utd 
othiTi wem named. Wn^t r^fiuvd To an- 
■wi-T lo tbe inlOROfpitiMi* ; and to thii i-^ 
fiuol lie ndbercd, in apite ot mouy threnti of 
iU-trcatnient. .ARer being ao detmhwd for 
nuirlr eigbt«m months it trks annooilMd 
that ne had covumti^d suicide on the aigfa' 
of 'S7 Oct. im&. Il was insiediai'lv aaii' 
in Kngland that if bn wan And he hiu) bnrn 
Btnrdcrtd; and, in fact. »o little wiu it be- 
liercd by tbe autboritiei that hi* n«iBe waa 
not remoTed fhxn the navy lint till the au- 
tuam of ISOT. 

After lh« Itestontion Sir Sidney Smith 
and other* made unoflkial in^wrirt'in Pari* 
which aewned lo prove Ibat he wo-i mD^- 
deind. Acoordins to the eridence which 
Smith collected, the body waa found on the 
bedwilbtheaheet dnwnnp tolhr chin.thtt^^ 
roior — with which ibe thraet bed been cu.V^| 
to tbe bon«— doeed. and tbe haml whicb^l 
grwpod it prmfinc ihn thijrh. Th«T« waa 
•omc Uood about the room, but nooe on tha 
sheet. Oitat weight bn* been attnehed to 
thta and olber Horin: bnl. after all, they 
are worthless a* e*»lenc». The only ttat^ 
neni of any value is thai his letters were i> 
icanA and tletevnined spirit, and no mumjh 
for onv great depraarion wu abown. Thab^f 
allej^ — tbe MOWS of Black'a surrMider at^* 
rim— il abeuid, oapeeially to a naval officer 
who hftd abo the news of Trafalgar. Un 
the oUur hand, il is diBcull to nee what 
Donapatteliad to gain by munleHng Wright.^ 
At St. Helena ho poob-poobed tbe idea, i 






Mill tbkt if be )ini) inlerfi^rvJ it would liavo 
b««uio<in}er Wrufat tnb« tried (u « »pjaiul 
tliol, lh»iigh notriinK in the aceeplM Iuwd 
of war would condrtan ut ofliciir u a ii\ty 
tor landing men who mi^kt be objectioiiablo 
!o th« cnaiD}:''* fraTeniment. In the (otol 
AbMiwic of Iriutwurthy UTidence, and thn 
want uf aiolivi) for eilh'er murder or xuicidc', 
it may be aHggWMd tkkt Wright died rrum 
uatur*) etnw — ui ofinction of tbu lioiui, 
for inBtuiM-'«nd th<t the Krcock govern- 
mnnt look a mevii reTenffi- on th« mxu wlio 
hod KicpD tbein a goad denl of traublo by 
nllpfiing Buivide. , 

[Naral CliroD<cl(>, toI*. xxiir. xxxr. and 
ixsn.i Awiud ReRiKtOT. 17n9 li. 'i- ISOl i 
321, IIf04i. ami. ISMi .«, 118. *2"i 0'Mi«™'- 
Voic« from St. Ilclin.i ; Wanlen* Lotten frtiiii 
St. Hrtenn.) J. K. L. i 

WBIOHT, JOHN WILLIAM (1802- 
l&V), watcn^oluur-piiintdr, atiii of John 
Wriftbt (d. 1(<'JQ|, u iiiiiuaiure-piuDlar of 
rrputc, ira« burn m London in |iW2. lie 
w«^ Hrli«l«d toTbontM Plullip* (1770-181B) ' 
[it- v.]i And from I83'1 iron n frec]iiMit Rxliibi- 
lOe »t> the lieytd Acitdemv. chiefly of por- I 
Uaita. In ISSIho wuubcIvdiinaia(M.-iateof ' 
the WatereolouT Society, and in 1^^ a full j 
member; in 1B14 he auocevded ItolMrt Hiltn i 
■a KCreiary. Wright painted diTmnitiR and . 
aenliiit«u<al fuUecla in tho plniuin|[ but 
artiflcial stylo tWn popiilnr, and hi* cum* 
[NMilioiia wpra largely cnttravod in the 
' Kemitake,' ' IJtPmry Soum-nir." IK-alh's 
• Book of IIi'Auty.' ' Tliu D rawing- poo ni 
Scrap Booh,' and 'The Frinuln OlmractiT* 
of ShaJieBpeare.' Ill* portraita of Ixird 
Tenterden, Biahop Gray, and lIiDhop Miinh 
wen eograTPd lor Fi»hfr'» ■ Nationii! I'ur- 
trait Oallwy.' Wri^hl dind in l^iidon uii , 
U Jan. l&Ui at hii houu! In Ciruat MhH- 
bnroiiKh SireM, leattng a widow and two 
cfaildrvn. 

FOcnt. Hex- ISIS, i. AU -. Itr««t'* Hint, of the 
' Olil WaXero^oar'Sociciy. Rcdgnre* Diift. of 
Aitisla; Brysn'a 0*:t of PaiitlArtandEnttrnvtis 
(AnnttroM): Ontne's Did. uf Anieta, ITSO- 
1863.] y. X. OD. 

WRlOirr, -lOSKPH (17»i-I7B-), 
painter, called Wrieiit of Ik-rby. to dis- 
tiiqpuab him from ftichard Wright (1736- 
1775?) [q. r.l, nurinc paintfT, was bom at 
S8 Iroagaie, Derby, on 3 S«pt. 17.^, tJie 
thinl and yonnmt eoa of John Wriffht, 
an attom*iT of (Tiat town, who wnn ciil!«l 
'Equity Wrijtbt ' on sccounl of Iht" up- 
ri||!btnmi of ht> phimRlc-r. Hi* motLurii 
uaiikn namn ws-i llunnnli Brooktu. He 
wtt» educated at I»etby ifruninar echool 
undi-r Dr. Almond, and goon showed a 



Inlent for int^chaitiei, Qa made a m 
■pinning-Kli<>»l, a toy ' ptNtp-aliow,' and a 
hide KUii< but at nloven y«ara of age kin in* 
cUnation for art ihowed itself ttroogly. IIh 
copied the public-bouiie ■igna and made 
vket^hes in the luaixe coart i one of Coan- 
ciltor Noel, in black and white chalk upon 
blu« paper, done at the a^u ofnjxteen, li in 
the potaMaion of ha biofrriiplier. Mr. Wil- 
liam Remroae of Derby. lu 17>'>1 bit father 
flnced him with Thomas IIuilsou (1701- 
iT'J) the porira It-pa inter, tho moater ofSlr 
JoikusKeynoldtfandofJahn Hamilton Mor- 
timer [q. v.l, for two y«ar», a(W which he r«- 
Inmeil lo Derby and commenced paintiajr 

fori rait*. In irSoheMurned to>tudy under 
Indnon, nml rvcnnined witb hjm about Sfloen 
moDtha. He noon obtnlni'il ^otBt- lei?at cele- 
brity. He painted portmlt* of thi^ merabere 
of ^e Derby hunt (now ni Marki>nton Ilall), 
and waeaUowed touibibit liiipi<-tiiiPKlnlh« 
town-halL Prom the Grat Wright wan Terr 
food of strong eflocta of light and «hadc, anil 
«00n added (^r^atly to his tepulalion by kin 
picUtrvM of liKurp* illuminated by artificial 
(chiolly candle) tight. Il inonbiepicturMof 
thiHclaMthalliin fame mainly reft*, and nearly 
all of th(?m were pioduced before hia visit 10 
IioJr in 1773. Nor waa hia reputation enn- 
6Ded lo Derby. In 1765 be ir.thibited at 
the Society of Artiht« in IjOndun 'Three 
PePMma viewinK the (iliulietor b^ Cundle- 
lightt'in I76tl '.\ Philaanphnr giving ihat 
Lcelnm on tho Orrery in whieh a Ijimp is 
put in lliF place oflhei^uo,' now in the Derby 
Corporuliou Art f.iallery ; in 1708 'An Ex- 
periment onn Bird in tbe AirT'ump,' now in 
tho Nnilonnl Cinllery : id 1709 ' .\ I'bilosopher 
by ('nodlcJight,' and ' An Acndeme by 
('nndiaif[bt : ' in 1771 <Thi< Alchyntist in 
Siiirch of the i'hiloHophof'a Stone discovers 
I'honiLiuriiii and praya for tbe nieccwful 
Conclusiou of his Ouemlion, ru wo* tho 
cuitom of ibe ancient UhyuiictdAslroloBera,' 
now in ib« Derby Corporaiion Art QaUMy. 
Of thi^ thirtj>one picture* exhibiled during 
what may be coIW hi« tiral period, ]7fi3j 
to 1 773 iuclusire, more than hnlfwcn-eandlo- 
Mghl or lirelight •ceno, tour of them being 
'■mith'e ahop«' or 'forges;' the ml were 
purtraiCa (twelve) and landacapea (two), one 
of tlusD a ' Moonlijchu' Ainunj; (he most 
■uoCAMfiil exnmplosof his imitAtito xkilt ate 
his children blowing or plnvini; with blown 
bladden. In NovembiT itTJt lie went lu 
Italy with hill wife nnd Mr. lliirlMton 
(arenl-iincle of F. Y. Ilurbiitoin, ptiisideBt 
of the Incorporated Society of Atti*!*). Ac 
Home be tpent much time iu matiingn icrie* 
of ehett^hes from the fruscoen of Michael 
Angulo in the Sist.ine Chapel. lie in laid 

lil 



W'right 



it6 



Wright 




to liav» iiermnnrnllT nAii'lril hU lifultli br 
OTOmorlt, nnd bj Ivinit on liii Iiack on tL<! ' 
etOBM of the fihapef. lie look n-itli kim lji» 
pietoK oftlu) ' AlchymiBi,' wliicli wa* lunch 
ndnirnl, and jinLntcd siiutlior called 'The 
Cuplivi- ' (fruin SWrni?), in which tli« 
tkttituJe of the flxiirc fucmblci thnt oT 
Mirha'^l Anwlo"* Adnin. Tlin 'Cnjitirr' 
wM vxhiliiii'd nt thn Boniviy uf Artul« in 
177S. AroonK other pluvs which he 
visiti^d in lloly viere Nnfili^B, Plotvnct', nnrl 
Jia1i>|imi. He wHfl disnjipoiuteiJ with Ho- 
runcff, pli^asi^d with Bolngns, btit hi* lotirr* 
and dinrv did oot roi^nrd admiration fur 
toy worli^ of art out>idr Itomp. l>n tbu 
whcl« hi" vi«ii to Itiily bml no vury im- 
portant nHVct upon hin figiirt'-puiiiting, oiid 
of nil the fighls ho luiw ihi^fv notie prodiicvil 
to great A chaugi? in his art nsitn eruplinn tif 
Veauriui. On one M fond of rtran^ nnd 
•Irong oHvcTaof li;p;ht,this ilnpctidouB am^no 
natoraliy pridnci-d n profoutid imiiroiuion, 
and hf pninlcd no fewrr iliau pieliteeu pic- 
turf* of ll, the Jniit in 1"1'1. Hu wus also 
Riur.h imprvutid by thv HL'i.-nt^ry »boiit IConic 
rindllivKrnndcur uf iUnitns.and (Wgennrnt 
iveult uf hix viiil 111 Ilnly may b>i mid to 
harp \itva that hn abnndoiiiHl crnndti.>li};bt 
pieci-sfnr trnnpnof ponflnKrution.ond to some 
eitpnt fijjurc-Dninlinjifitrlnndsc'iiM!. To the 
(•xhibition of tW ^^ot.■^ely uf Artists iu ITiS 
hn »pnt ' An Krupliuu o( Moiiol Vwuvinn ' 
and 'TLp OiraiidoU nt lh« CiWlV of St. 
Angelo ul Itoiiip.-.' Thc.«n pintuwa ttero nur- 
chnwd Ijy tin* cmpn-'n of Uuiaia for MO/. 

H« arrivpd bnok in L'lTby on L'(> St'pt. 
IT7B, nnd nhortly nllecwarda WL-nl. lo Balli, 
whem III* t hoiigbl to find iiii opening for a 
porlrajt -puitiirr, hm tluiiitborough had r«- 
cwitly lofl tbttt city for l^uidon. In tkia 
he wM dt'nppointca. 1'bi> DiichcM of Cum- 
Iwrland «at to him, but b^ commiuion for 
n fiiU-l^-nKth dwindled lo a head, nnd hi? 
got no ft^w Bitti-rB ihathv frll that, ihei'f wuri' 
memira nt vurh iif^ainsl him. In 1777 he 
returned to Derby, whrni hn lodgiid fi^r a 
while with hi; fni^ndi iho 1Cb*yii, mmoiing 
to St. Ilflm'a Ilouw in ITTiK In his 
native town ho found miiuh cmnloymL-nl as 
0. port rait -pnini IT, and ['vuniunlly rai*ed his 
prico to liuv b'uinc-as for a full-length, and 
ninety nndatiiiudrfd and twenty guinivuiforn 
'convi-rMlion piecB.' In l77Sho6i'gnn to»v- 
hibil At the Itoyal Acndiimv. and conlimicd 
to do >o vearly till 17S2. His contri bill ions 
C0iui>ted rbit'lly uf 9(ri.-ni>9 in ItJily. ' Erup* 
tioni,' '(^iirandola*,' ' (irottiHW,' atid 'Cn- 
TUtiM,' but compriaod two hi-niitifiil and 
pOStioa] 5giiri^> — 'I'Mn'in' from Hnattio'a 
■HiaMMtl,' for whir.h Thutuai lUdun. n lur* 
^0 of IlPiby und uni; of the hiindsomcil 



men ia the town, MTiTtl as a uivtd'^l (the 
jiKun: was rlchnd by !klr. F. 8vyn)0iiT 
Iladen for Mr. ilpniTOw'* life of thn arlint) ; 
■nd Slernii'i ' Mnria." pointed from JIr». 
Damano, abo of Derby. In I7S1 he wan 
nicctat] an awociate of tlie Royal Aeademy, 
and in 1781 a full academiciun. Tlw lBtt«c 
diatinciion bo doclioed for reason* not pre- 
cisely known, hut he ran angry with tlia 
academy fur tlie way they hunahia picturM, 
and bwauac they elected Udinimd Qartwy ^m 
[q. v.] trafore him. It is al« Hud that h« ^M 
re*nnted, as GeorM Stubbs [q. t.] had dmw ^M 
a year or two belorv, the rule that a nicaft- ^H 
bftr ahould dnpoait a pietnre with tho ^^ 
academy before meniving his dinlonia. Ono 
riMiill of his quarrel with ttid academy, 
which seems to linve begun about 178S, waa 
lliat he did not wnd aiiy pictures to their ^i 
eihihitii>na al>er that year until 17f% In ^H 
ITf^HhcH'ni two picCui^t to the Pr«e $i>-^| 
ciety of Artiils, and in 17dA bo hield • 
■epurale exhibition of twoaty>flra pielUTM 
at Mr. BubinJi's rooms in (Torcnl (tardon. In 
ITS" hit sent some irurks to an exhibition 
at Derby. Tha exhibition to 17N showed 
very fairly tie extensiTe range of Wright"* 
art. Its Brntimnntal and poetical tide wa* 
shown by the lady in Milton's 'f^imna;' 
'The Widow of an Indian Chief' watching 
her deocast'd husband's arms by moonlight; 
by ' William and Mnrsaret,* n Khoft acetut 
from the ballad in Percy a 'Reliqiim:' 'Julia, 
the daughter of Anffu»tu»' (io a caiem); 
■Thn .Maid of Corinth' (nainlod for Joaiah 
Wedgwood), nnd ' IVnnfopn,' b^ideo two 
soenesfrom the story of "Hero and l.i-ander.* 
There were also a few portraits and many 
laudtcapi.'^, lT«liau and Hogtiih, inctndine 
' JIatlock High Tor ' and a ' Veauviua,* it 
also contained ' A ^'iew of Gibraltar dur- 
ing Clio Dmtruction of th« Spuii«b Floalinc 
Itail«Lea on the I3tb of 8«pL 1783,' whiS 
was bought by Mr. J. .Milne* for 4:?0/., ih* 
laj'geftl price reoeived by the artist for any 
single piclurv. TttC' quarrel with the academy 
was ntivor healed, although Wrijrhl <irnt adc- 
turns Co thor oxhibitiona in 1788, Ir^, 
]790, and 1791. In i;i)U a fri^sh cause of 
annoyance arose from the dIoccs aiaignnd to 
two large pieturiu iutrnoed for Boydcll'a 
' S)iake»peaiv.' lie esliibiled them again 
the year after nt the Society of .\rtisls,with 
n until in thi' catalogue referring to their' un- 
fortunate position' at ihn ocadi^my. owing 
(.Mr. Wrlglit su|)po«ea) to their itaving ar- 
rived too late in Itondon.' 

In 17(11 he complained that his pictnrM 
at the academy were placed on the flot^rand 
iujuivd by the feel of the visitors. He bad 
ulio a quarrel with l)oyd«il. The Grvt pic^i 



Wriglit 



"7 



Wright 



ture he painted for t he 'Sbakcspciui.' (1 Bllny,' 
Alld the only ooa the aUrrmun bougfal, vas 
K sivnu from iLt- 'Ttinpeal," ' Priwimtu'sCelli 
witli th■»^"uio■l.* Wright thought be thniild 
V piid u liigUj ta Ally nrlif^t cngnspil on 
lhe'ShiiliMpnar«'(inclu'ling Itcyiiola*^, but 
IWdcJl would not f[iTc him morRihnii 300/. 
for it, and hinUid tltat that wu marv than 
it dvacrvmL At ihusjlv ofthe 'ShskntiH-vrH 
Gallery' iii lt^J3 it wui buijf,'hl hy llir FkrI 
of lUlcftRM for 69/. &t. TbF' oili'tT i<<i->iire4 
from SbskmpMtv irero itie lonih n'xtio in 
' llomnci and Jglint.' and onn of '.Viititi>onui 
in the SloruTrntn thn 'Winlirr* Tale,' with 
■ bear dmwn from a nkirtch nujiplii^ by 
tMinvy Oilpia. Thv funncr van nunpr 
■old, and the lalttr wa* buuj^l by \\'nKht'« 
friend, John Leigli Philips. [>uriiigiill ib^M 
year* Wright went on painting jHirlrnifa, 
trhb an occational poetical eomiioiiTiin, hill 
moM of tboe wore nnt nxhibifjid in l^mdnii, 
and bU public leputalion wob mninly biu-.'d 
on hia 'tandk-lighl' piivpM and pictitpm of 
fir« aitil moonlight, until he obtained a 
wiikr popularity trom tho wvH-kiiown en- 
crafiw br J. If<-Jil1i fmm hin pnlheli*' nio 
nm of 'X n^nd KoU]i.>T, bi* Wif" and Child, 
y'vie Langliornti'if " Pormi,"' whioh wo» ex- 
bibttcd at ihr Itoynl Acndrmy in I7S9. 
Heath bought lh>? pioltiR> fur lUGA bi-fung lie 
<-i\gTavi>d it, and reiijied a largi? [iroGt from 
hia wiitiir^. 

Afk4T 1790, tbough Wrighl wnt onpnint- 
in^for jfam, h*' prodiicod nothing worthy of 
Fpi-cialrpcowl, except lH)ml^Ulldica]l(■^p[linlpd 
from skL-tchot taken on a visil tn tti-.- lakes in 
KOSL Theugli not an old man, he had beuu 
atm or lets of an invalid and a dlelanan 
evernnM bi« reinrn rmm Ilnly. In ITt^t 
fan WT«t« that h<t had niifTfrrd ' a *crie* of 
ill-hralth for ihce tixtRim yrar* pmt,' and 
in 1793 tbnt he had been ' t«n inoiilh* wilh- 
out touching a pf-noii." He died on L*!) Aug. 
lr»7 al Hi Qunn Street, Derby, wliither 
b« had rvmoi-ed from St. Ileleii's llouae 
aboni flv« Tfiar« before, nnd wii» burled on 
I .S«pt. in Al. AlkmundVrhurch. la 177.1 
lio married Ann Swift, vho dird, ngnd 41, 
on 17 Aii4(. 1790. 

In bit vouth Wrijihi wa-i handrntmu and 
of a aprigutly diaposition. lie wua fond uf 
•OGiety,aod jilajyd n-ell on the flute. After 
Us retam fmm Italy he lived n x-try ouiet 
lifr, mni^h nclrpm^d by all who know him. 
Hi* friitndi and acquaintance! incliidnd Cnw 
more notable puoplo tlian Joiiah Wedgwood 
(»j. V.]. Ivracmun DarwiD {a. v.l. Sir liichurd 
Arkwrighl [q.v.~, und AViUiam llavley [q.v.], 
who, as well as I>srwin and olLers, cele- 
bral«d lila art in masj bad nnes. 1 1« was 
of a kind aiidg«n«r9iM di«po«ition, giving 




away many of hji picttim and drawings to 
his friends. 

At til» death Wright waa tilde known oa 
a jmrtrait-pn Inter, except in Derttv and its 
nRighb»urhnoil, and It. la dtiulitfiil whether 
Rvcn now lii« skill in thia bmnrh of art In 
aiif!id(-'nllTn-'<^<'Kni»i'd. TUp only opportunity 
orunylhingliki.'ai»iaii)li!ti'i<tudyofhliworkii 
of this kind waa aflbrJinl by th<.' eoUculion uf 
Ills paint iog« al the Derby Corwiratiuu Art. 
(!nlli<ry in 1^140;, whic.h oompriwd about sixty 
ofhi* portraitji. Thpllst, thongbfbtl of local 
iiutahlcs, conlaiiipd frw iininos of widn <;i>le- 
brily. usccpt thoje of Sir llii^hard .\rhwri(;hl, 
the inrentor of ihir 'spinning jenny," and 
Erasmus Dam'in. In eompariion with Itey- 
nobln or (lainsbo rough he was a homely*. 
a]mo«t a domfuilic, porlNlC-paJuler, but his 
portraits have thn gr<uit mrrila of slncarity 
and ihoroughnnu, show truo intight ibIa 
ehuracli^r, are linuly modelled, and well 
painted. Amons the fincvt arc his ^orlmiis 
of himaelf, Jedediah Slrutl, Chrulonhcr 
Ilenib, John Wbllehiirst, Mr. Cliesljn, Mrs. 
Compltin, and I.ady Wiliiiol and her child, 
llu was very i^iieCiiMful with child ran, whom 
he pr«itint<Ht with all their nrtl««iincMi and 
simplleJIr, and his tiowcrs us a colouriit 
(which, if not of ihf nighest, were cuniidpr- 
able) are perhaps be«t diaplnyed in aome uf 
his groups of youDg people, like those of 
thn litlln .\rkwrights with • gont, and tbe 
little Nowtons pioking ehirrles. 

A Nmall sulei^ion fnm his picturns was a 
pruuiiuent feature nf ihu winliT exhibition 
of the Hoval Aendeiny in ISSO. Wright 
WM an able and vi'niaiile arti.'it, and the 
great n-putniioti which he made inhisliri»- 
timo is fairly sustslni-d at ihe present dav. 
As a poinU^r of candlelight plivM, Mpecialfjr 
in thosu composition* -'nie Orrery,' 'Thp 
Gladiator,' and 'Thi- Air-pump,' whrrn genre 
and portrait are comblnt-'d with dramatic 
action, h« has no rival in ihe English school : 
K» m pnrtra it-pa intvr be bolda a hl(^b, If not 
th* nighc-»l, nuib, and among |«inler# i>f 
Kent i me nt his 'Kdwin ' and ' Maria' entitle 
hiro to consideration. Ill* pielunes of 
Vesuvius and lirnworks have, howiivcir, now 
ceased to utirucl. and his duvligbt land- 
scapes want atmosphcrrt. Itlchurd Wilson 
[q. v.] good-nalurvdly hit Ihi'ir weakncos 
wben ho ngrni«l t.> i<xchsti|je laiid»cap^ with 
Wright. ' I'll give you oir,' ho «»id, 'and 
yoii'R give mc ifre,' 

Kinu menxotint engrnving* from Wright's 
works did much to apreiid hi> tvputnlioa 
in his lifetime and hare ser^-eJ to preservi- 
it since. Valentine Grivn mgrartd ' The 
Orre^,' 'Tli* .\ir-pump,'andotheri: Karlom 
■.\Blacbsmitir4Sh0p and 'An Iron Forge}' 



J. R. Smitl ' Kdirin.* ' Mjm«,' ' Boy and (lirl 
BlnddpT,' ' Boy atid (liri with Ugliied 
k,' Ac; »n<l unoiv; pUicK br W. I'elber 
I 'Tbn Alcliyniiat,' 'Tbo Draviug Aca- 
emj,' ■nil ' The GImImIot.' 
In t)»e Naliotiftl Gallmy m bi» miuilcr- 
IMCe, <Tli» Aii^pnnip:* in Ihn National 
fortrait OalWy, t^mdon. hi* portraits of 
lArbwright and Knumus Uanvia and one of 
'bimxiir. IK- made manj [jarttnits of blnt- 
■elf.oai'of wliicUlinB luit)ivaaeiigr«V'-iHT 
Ward, wliik anolb^r 14 ivnroducwl in Bnni- 
I'l ■Lifv'(l>'8>'i)a»ir4'll OS tho Natiotinl 

tra.lt GBllcry portrait and an ntcliin^, Ihi" 

ontr atchinf; by Wrijiht Ihnt U kcioirn. An 

«arly Kkotck, in a turbaii-likc cap, in repro- 

I duera as « fronliipii'ct' lo n bi'igntpUical no- 

Itaoe by B«iuru^, rrpubtinlK.-'i from lb« ' It«1i- 

' tp»ij,' quait^rly Jounia), or l^iJl. 

(Somnm** Lifs >a<l Wurlu of JoMpb Wright. 
,18M, *lo; tti^mraKi biosmpbietr nolice of 
HWright of Dctt.y." n:prinl*3 from Koj, xr. and 
[sri. of tha I{ab<]iiHrv, IKH1 : Mnalbly Mm[. 
llTOcL 1797: H«yl-/» Lifr of lUcnofy; .lohu- 
n*a Lifno^ Bnylrr: MfCvrArd't Lift- of Wotlg- 
nd ; Vfina aDi) AVnlnui* .- Ilnjlfy'i P<*nui ; 
(0*t«lciC«a of ill* WnuliC K\ltiT>i1ioa ;il. llrrhj 
'otpontioo Art (Inllcry. 1B83 ; BnijcrarM' Cdd- 
[17: Saadbva Bojal Arademy : ItUsiuini' of 
'An. 18111.1 ' CM. 

WRIGHT. l-AritENCK (1560-1657). 
ptiviiuian, Ibitd ion of John Wrigbt of 

I \Vnabt*H Bridin. near Ilomcbiurb in Estei, 
VM Dora in IC6Q, aiairiculat«d a p«n»ioiier 
of EBUMBtwl CoJlei^, Cambridiro, in Marcii 
1808,«id iiroc««d«d li.\.ilinfnllo<rin^ jcar. 
He cntvTKd aa a medical itndt^nt at Ijiyden 
on 'J-J Au^. 1612. but jp-oduatod M.A. at 

. Canbridge in I61!<, IIi- waa admiltrd a 

I candidal* nt ih« Ro>-al C'ull«g» of Pbyti- 
eiana on 23 Dm. 1618, elccied fallow on 
"22 Dec. 1 6SL*. MtMor in I62A and 1 6.1!). nniiiMl 
an elect on 21 May I6IS, fnnHliariiuinl&l", 
and atrsin fn'm IHM aiioually till hi* dtatb 
in llV'>7. Wri^lit waia plivsician in ordinarr 
to rromwdl ni»d l-t the Chartprlioun-. To 
tbit IfttliT poit b» wnn ^Wt«ii on 'irt May 

, 16lM.and msit^iHlit in HU-I. Il« una climen 

ft>»erntir of tbe Oborlrrboiiiio on 21 .Marcli 

Wrijtbi, who waa ^uaieBn) of property 
at Itniham and llaienng in Ebwx. divd on 
8 <.>fl. 1167, and wan buried in the i-hurcli 
of South WraM llrm.iiTwd Mary.daitgh- 
itep of John Puk.>, i<Lv>icinn,of Foul'lnn Hall, 
Ranutry. Vmitx. aurl (.oleluster. Sho «ir- 
viwdhim til! l6Fnb. |i>»k. beinKatsoburiaid 
at South Weald. Of Wright's two wna, 
l.aati.-De<T w». nxpelM fiwiB * fbUowahip at 
Trinity Collf^e, Canihrid|^, (l«iti^t tbeCoM- 
KITMltL, but readmit lod in IGW, and took 



thn dtfirr™ of M.D. in X8B6. A aMSud son 
(168a-lG63), Henry, who waa added to tba 
trade oonunlttee of the oancil <if atai* on 
fi Feb. 10GO, waa loade a baronet bj Cion- 
w«ll on 10 April 11$''^, ia whidi dinijly be 
wa« confirmed on 11 June 1060; le mar- 
rind Anne fiLlJOSl.daufbteraf JolmCreir, 
fir»t bamn Crew of Stcne, by irhoB he had 
n*on and a <lau|fater; the baran«4er espirad 
on the death uf hi* aon ia 19^1- 

IVMJiation nf ^mi, IGtl (Karl. Soe. F«U. 
iii>, 5>l) : Honat'a Hit. ot Fj»a. i. G2, 131, 
ii. S6H : Mank'i Rojnl CoU. of I'hia i. ISl -2 ; 
Pcjuvck'n Index lo L»yd«« Pluiioiitii ; CaL of 
8t*t» I'apm. bom. ; Wood* AlbcMe (BlJaa). 
Tol. ill. cd. BIT a- : Vdrli* Alamu Vtmman. 
pp. t36. Ill . Burke* Ealinrt SanMMaf- ; Haa- 
e'ii>'H Milton, V. 3M ■ ] B. F. 

WRIGHT. LAWRENCE (A 1713). 

eonunodore. ii firit menljonod •* lienuaiant 
oTtheBaltiuioivin 1666. In 10SSh*wa« 
in the Royal CharlM, Angahip of (learn 
Monck, Brat dnkeof AlbeBiarle[q.v.''',in tne 
four day*' fi|rht and in the Su Jtme^t Askt. 
lln in aaid to hatr been atmoat contiaoooaly 
employed during tlie ne«l twenty yaara of 
pHoe and war, but the details of hi* •eT«iee 
cannot now W saiiaTactorily imeed : tboae 
pven by Charnock ata not antirrly inut- 
worthy ; «ome of thtni appear rery douhiful. 
Il« u aaid to hire taken poat ad a capuin 
Irom 1673. On the arcmtiion of Janx* II 
hewaaappoinl«ltu('omma,iid thr Mary yschl, 
and in Marvh 1(187 wi* moved into tbi» For^ 
Uffbt. ill whicb he niried osc Chrixtopber 
)ih)Bck, second doko of Alhtfltarle ]q. t.^Io 
Jnmaira. Athnmarlp died wiibin a tear of 
hi» takinfC up the ([overnoriliip, and Wrieht 
reiomed to Englrad with the corpw. llo 
arrived in the end of May 16l^!>, and in the 
fuUowinii; October wa« appoiBtal to the 
U(>-pin abip Uary aa commodore aitd coin- 
maader'in-<-Iiipf of an expfdition to the 
Wmi Indt<v, viih orders to fly the union 
flair at the main {Aimimltg Mliattt. 6 Feb. 
\^SS ftO), and with inatmctiooa 'to act ac* 
eurding to the dtrectioniof General Oodrin^ 
ton in all thiu^ t«Uting^ lo tbn land »*r- 
vico,' and *io eDierpriiee at ae* lo aet aa 
abould be adviatid by the jpnwnor and 
COoneiU of war, when he had onpoKnnity 
ofconaultinf them.' He was, ' iwfaen itwu 
nececaarr, to apare as manT aeamen a« bn 
could with re)^rd to ibe sal«4y of the thifa,' 
and be nss not * lo aend any ahip bom the 
aqnadroa uutil the gonnor and council 
went inforcoed of it Miid aatiaScil that the 
»«rviM did not rctpiira their immediate 
altendancn' (cf. Ster*tary'a LetUr*. iii. SI, 
Dmember 1680). 
The aqnadron, coonating of aigkt 1«^ 




Wright 



■19 



Wright 



1 sliiui i^r till' Hiuiilli'ni aiii-, n'ith ^(ew 
I ftiiil Sroihipii, tailnl from I'lrmiiutb 
ObTS Uncli 16S8-B0, Bad aOcr n d'.armjr 
pasM(it nfldicd Butwloi ua II Mbj, with 
tbe «hips' oanmnieH very aicklr. It wu 
not III] ilie nid uf th« iuudiIi tliHt Wriglit 
could !;■> on 10 Aaligiia *iid joiu Codtin^ton, 
wbu Focnbuud tbetwofuBClioiuof gnvsmor 
of ihs LMward Iftlandx anil commiindtiviii- 
cUaf of the land forci*. It wns rvwilvird lu 
Attack St. Chrutofhcr'a bj mm and land. 
Hi* «a* (IniMi, aad I^. Chri*t(ipber'ii was t«- 
dnccd vnUt b«t little lou. St. Euualiiu 
sbo wai taken poawwion of; and in August 
the aqaadfOR w«4il to Barbad<^» for the 
hiirricuM moBtbi. To Oi^lnbir Wright rr- 
jinnoij CndriBgton nt Si. (7hriiilophi'r*, und 
It wa« reiolvnd to nl.tack Oiiiidvliiiiiw: but 
wkile |iK[iantiaiw nvtv bviti^ aiaiip, ^S'rigbt 
rweirpd orders from homu to reluru lu Eiig- 
lanil. 1I« BMOrdinglr wviit t<i Barbadut, 
vrliicli 111* r««cb«d oit 80 iK-c. T\u< waut of 
MorM and proTioiona delayed him ihT^.nnd 
tiiTiilil 1m> m» rradv to wtil countirr ordcn 
TUfliwI hisD, dirrclmK bim to rvmnin anil 
co-optrate witb Codrinfttmn. But Iif luul 
•«nt Lvro ifaipa to JaoiaLca; two ollivrs bad 
MUed (or England in cbarve of convuy ; and 
(bow tbnl be bad witli bim «er« in a r«rj 
Iwl HateiWInBE badly, and ivilh thnir \owft 
moata apruog. In nnWr 10 Mmnttllinn bis 
fqaadron ai mncli 11* poiuibin, hi: bimd *p.vi> 
nl merciiuit ihin* into tbi> icrTtcp; but 
it w»* tin? middlr of Fpbrunry iMtfarv bo 
conld pul to iM!a : and wbvii hv at but joined 
Codrini^uii at St. Cbrislupbi*rV, a M'tioiis 
qiMrrelbviweea the iwn ihreatcned to put a 
Mop to all further nnfrrntions. 

Thn dttaiU of tbn ijunrrcl wore navor 
mitdp public, but it may bi.- auuined tbat it 
■prong; out of the ilt^li-fiiicd rrlntiouii of tbu 
two meo. and the probnble coufuniun in lb« 
■linila of botb bi.-tw«i.-nlbi- governor aud the 

rn), wbo wu«, in fart, only a colonel iit 
ann^. Il i* pn>hsbl« that Wrifht Mw 
Um diMiaction R» marlifd in his inntructiona 
mon ckariT than Oxlrinftton did: but tho 
quaiTrl teratt to hnvi- Iipmi vi-ty bittnr on 
both (ideii. Uonever, altirr aome detayn, 
tbeattMk on Uuadeloupe vas allemplcit: 
the tfoopa WMe landed on tbe island uii 
31 April, but by U May little progrraa bad 
been made -, and on report of a French 
(qnadmn in tbn n/'iirlibniirhonil. Wrifrhl put 
to M-a, rami' in »i|iht ol' it, and ohmnd it. As 
hi* ahipt u-rre fuiil anil inma of them Jurr- 
rifCffwl, the rnemy eauly outsnilc-d bim ; and, 
finding purauil uoclvc*. be n^iitl'rd bit nlijps 
and returDMl to Guadeloupe, when il was 
rvaolT«<l to Kfive up tbe ailack, avowedly at 
least, in contequeuce of great aickuM* 



■mnnjf l.hi^ Khi)!*' cnmpanini and ihn troops, 
tboiitib it iipouiblc that Wright, ondpelbaps 
even ('<)driit||toD,i«aliaed that tkoappaaraaoo 
of lb« French iqiMdron tbrKalcocd tho 
absululi' commund of tbe sea wbwb tviu a 
primary condition of succera (Colohb, j 
ilA-Q). The Mjuadron rvtumed to ~ 
do*, wbcm Wrifflii. liimsplf was ttruck 
down by the aicknoM, and, on thn urgent 
advice of Ibc medical men, turned tho cnni- 
mnnd over to thu nuoior caulain, Kobcrt 
Arthur, and look a pasragt.- lo Kn)*land. 

lu the Went IndiM parly feeling tan 1 
treinely bigb ; hkiH of ibe olB^tU, 
military ni'^n, taking the ud* of CodrioigtoBT' 
and altribulins tlia failun at nundidoupp lo 
\VK|[hi'ii dinu&etion or eowardico. Tbo 
mi'rcbnnts, I'lo, wbove Iradc bad bsca 
wvi-n-ly •c.'curKHl by tb(* enemv's ptivatoen, 
while the English ahips, by tb« govenior'a 
order*, were kept togvlbe* 10 aupport ike 
^ attacks on the l''rpnch islands, attributed 
tlieirloetes tn Wrigbt'i carsIeMness, if not 
ireachm'.and clanioiind forbid puniihinent. 
Nuincroui accUMilioiu folloviHl him to Eng- 
land, and hf wu formally charged ' witli 
, miamamigenent, disalFeclion lo Itie service, 
I breach of iunlrucl iung, aud other miit* 
I deuieanuurs.' Cbamock saya that Iberewaa 
I neiihiT trial nor iiivi'ntigBiion. This is 
Brroiinou*. On 20 May I1III.I tho joint 
admirnU prrnidod nt n rnurt-ninrlinl, which, 
alWr 'duly ^xnmining tlip wiinrMiii upon 
oath,' after ' mntun; deliberatioa u|hju tli* 
wboiu mailer,' and ' in oonsideratJau that 
Mr, Hulohenon, late Hecrelary 10 the go- 
vernor, was the t^bief proaeciHor, and in 
regard of the many dinerMic«« that did 
appear to hftT« bappenrd betwixt the 
gnvemof and Captain ^^'righl,' wnre of 
opinion that ' the proiccution wai not 
ftroutided on any xcal or rrgard to tbeir 
raajeBtiee* atrriov, but tbe result of particular 
reacBtmenia,' that it was ' in agreat measure 
a malicious proMcutioii,' and ruolied that 
Wright was 'not guilty of tbe charge laid 
against liim.' Tlie inftiw^nni of tlia accuser* 
was, bowetnr, Hi*Tn>nglhat the MOitancaof 
ths court was rirtually «ct aaidii, aitd 
WriRbt bad no further emploympul till, 
nl'tdrtbeaciyiuiun of Anne, be wusnppuiiitcd 
on l-l May ITU^ cuininituioiier of the niry 
at Kiniiale, from wbith [loit hi) w&« luoved 
to the uHvy hoard as eiim couimtssioiier on 
BMhv 1713, Itwsaonlyfor a few montha; 
be died in Londnn on 2( Sov. 1713. 

(Cbiirnnrk's Binj-r. Nnv, 1. 317 : Lwtinrd'a 
Xnviil i!i«. pp. 6i<-T ; Duckttf* N'aval Com- 
mit. ■I'lmr* ; Mitiiilm of thii t!<iurt Mnrtinl, in 
lbs Public IWuril Offi»: Colombi NhthI Wa^ 
fare (l*T sd.). pp. 2lt)-AT.J J. K. L. 



WKIGHT. LEONAKIJ (jf. }tm\ OOD- 
Irovi-raislisl, wrolo miiDy«uiy« on raligioii* 
Biul mural Bulijpd* wliii^h nbound in ■cn]>- 
iHral rertrTfiiciM. llr raiui^ into iimmincBCP 
as n c-liAmpiiiii uf (lie cau-t- of the tnshopw in 
iho Marlin Mnrpnlsln ciiilmri^rf^, and waa 
ilcnauiicfd by ihouc who ii(Inrki>d npiwupacj. 
The >nti-rpi»co|iiil aulhorof 'Thpf** Mnr- 
linianit' (|."itK)| unnlliL-Biatiiipd him and <lx 
olLrr 'bnggtiiig and jirolkne' wriicn, uid 
iI<-»criWil Them as 'sening the MtaUiihi^ 
chiircli if for no other uw but to worke ils 
Tulnn, null tit bcnTnjr their owns shame uaH 
D]i«;rablc ipmmnco ' (nig. II. iii, v.) [cf. art. 
Kemp, Wii.ijtMl. 

Wright nuhtiiWd : I. 'A Summonn for 
Sleeper*. «'Lerein mont griuuou* nnd no- 
|j)riou» offendern art' cited to bring forth Inic 
fruifj" of repent » nee, hefore the day of the 
T.nT>i now nl liniid. tloreunto u anneiedi 
A PiiltiTiic fur I'natoTf, di^iphering brJeflv 
llic ducli™ perlnininj to ihnt function, hy 
Leunard W'rigUl.' Thin wnn lici-nnHi for thp 
ptr-wiM Jtdin Wolfe on IMnpch ll>SS-0,Knd 
V6* first ptibli^lied early iu 11)8!). An edition 
' newly roprinI<''l, cnrrecied and ninendiil ' 
bi'HM tlio umi' dnti* (blnck letter, -It'i), A . 
<!(ipy i* in thn llritinh Miiaeiini. Xt'itlier 
plnro nor priiilc-r'* namo i» RiTpn. Other 
(•dilioniiflrednled li"'J6('imprinleii hv.\dnni 
Ifilip. nnd are to bepnuld hy Kdwnrd White;' 
iu the Drili^li Museum copy nn <-»);rDTing 
••( the Seveu Sleepers, dated 1740, is prt- 
fixcd), IBI.'i (' iniprinlDil by George Pnr- 
dowa'), and 1617 ('n<-wle corrected arnJ 
■n^entnl '). L^ ' A Diiplay of I>utio, dect 
with MpB iiByinir«, pylhic urntRnc", nnd 
pnvper Biniilien : I*Ic'u»nnt to rrnd. delifchlful 
In heon.-, uud pri-'lilalile lo jirnctiw, by I,. 
Wright,' Ijjiidou (printed liv John Wolfe, 
156tt, -Ilo; Hack l-iter). This work, which 
wan fici'ioi^d on l:t (let. I '>>*!>, was dedicaleil 
' lo the Uiaht wornhipfiill, ronst vfili«nl,and 
famous ThomnH Caiidiih, BiqiiirT.' Other 
editions are dated ItJCif' printed l)y V nlrn- 
tinn] S^iins] for Nich"tiiB I.yng*) nnd" III! 1 
4*print<>il hy Pklward Oriflinfor George I'ur- 
down'). The volume coutains a poem of 
•omit morit ('In I'rafW of Friendship'), 
3. 'The lltintiii^'of Antichrist, With xcnueai 
lo the contenlton». Ity l^wnanl Wriuhl,' 
Londou (imprinted hv John Wolfn, l.lSlt; 
Uack letter. Ho). Tlien- ii n mb-titlp nt 
b^inninKof te.tt.runniuK:' A hriufe descrip- 
tion of the Church of Hi^ine from the time 
of .^ntichriai nnlill our iirewrut bkh ' (Brit. 
MiiR.) Itefcn'ncn i* mndu in til*- preface 
ti) Wriahi* ■ Siitnmnn* lo SWper*. Tho 
Work advocntvs tlic caate of prnlapv. J. * .\ 
IViendiy ndmonilion to .Murtine Mnrprrdntc 
•lul his Male),bf Luonanl Wri(;hi,'I^Hdoii, 



IMO. 410. ft. ■ ThePilgTiin»K.> to l^irailite. 
hv [.«\inard Wright ' (l.c«doa, by JoJin 
Wolfo), 1.191, 4t.i. No <opy ofeilW 4 ott 
ii it) the itriiitb MuHiiin. 

pTiight* n'oiku: Utit. Xw. Cat ; ItuaUt's 
nmnaaciipt Cbwu* Vamm in Bril. Ua*. Addit. 
US. ii4(0i>, p.::!!.] &L. I 

WRIOHT. Srit XATHAN (1654-1731). 
jiid^, eldest feurvivioe mh of Hi«biel 
Wngli t , R , II. .rwlor of Th n rcMtoa , I«i««at«*- 
ahirc, by Dorothr, taeotiA daii^klvr of Jolin 
Onnby of llinrkli'y in tbn tame countr, wan 
bomon ir> I'eb. Ilk")3 l. Ifenasenlervil in 
\(HiS at Knuiianuel L'olli-^re, (.'bio bridge, hot 
Irfl the univer^itv wilbuul a def^-e, aod iu 
litrOwaiiadmitleilal the InuerTem|>l«, where 
be was culled to llie bar on '20 >ot, ICTT, 
and eleclcd bonrhnr in l(9!>2. On t ho drat h 
of hi* fnlbi>r in I(Ut8 Wright inherited a c«bi> 
pnlcncr- which ennbted hitn to marry rarh, 
and fiBVc hiro a ccrlnin ulnDding in hii nalint 
ounly. The recurderihip of Leicrater, to 
whicli he was elected iu ICiM.be lott on lli« 
surrenderor the dianerof tb>> botoogh tn 
1C84, but WM rcinMalii) in ot&ee on it* re- 
storation in lltSA. In the lamo year bewa» 
clpctcil depot j-rer order of Nottingham, and 
wai junior raunH'l for the crown in th« caso 
of the .vtYn biKhoiu (t^June). OnllApril 
lti'Ji2 he was culled to tlu> demaofaojmnt- 
at-law. On \li Dec. 1000 ha PMtlj A\»- 
tinguisbed hitustdf by his «peecn u oounwl 
for the crown in thn proreeitingx ngajnat Sir 
John Fenwick^q.v.MnthnHiiiKiiof Lords, and 
shortly Itrfon- the eomtDencrnii-nt of IliUnr 
trrm 1(19(1-7 lie waa roodo kitifft «njfttt 
and k night cd. 

\X' right opiied (he ease a^-aiuU tlie Earl 
of Warwick on his trial on 2S .Man^h 1<W9 
for the murder of Richard Coot-', conductwl 
on 13 Oct. following the proiociition of 
Mnry Ituller, altat Slrinhland, for fotiJriT. 
and wn» ono of the rounwJ for Iho Ihilie of 
Norfolk ill tbeproeiwdingiion hUdiruroebill 
in March IffiW-irOO [»ee HowakD, Ilsmr, 
seventh UrsE of NoitroLK]. la the sanw 
year he was oflVred the ^ai seal, in default 
uf a better lawyer willni)!; I" «uoce»d Lord 
Sonier«. He nccegitod not without brnilatkni, 
sikI was Appointed lord krtrper and airam of 
the privy council on 21 .May. He took his 
M-at na ipeaker of the lloute of I.ordii on 
imJnnu followine, und the uhiIis and de- 
clarBtionon 10 Feb. 171X^1. lie waa oii» 
of the lords justices nomiuated on 37 June 
1700, MdagaiM on S« June 1701, to act ai 
regents during thx king's nhwnen firain tli» 
TRnlm. llr wn« niso nn ei-oj^io mombn'ofi 
the board of traile. Wright presided over 
the proceeding* taken ngainit Somers and 



I 



I 




Wright 



HI 



Wright 



the Olh«T l«ni« OD whom it wob sou^lit to 
fl» the rHponsihility for th<! nF(;oiiatiun of 
iIk: |inrtiTHm Irauj ^ee BcJniNCK, Wu.- 
Luu, first Kari. or Poiiti.avd; MoSTior, 
Coauld, Eiui. or llAi.irxx ; Soxtiu (ir 
80HHBW,Joux, IjUHu Soueii-i]. 1t>^ (fia- 
[tiauvd in officu (hi tlic acn'wion of ijurrn 
liiu«; be prououufi-d oii 31 July IKKJ tlw 
Idecrm dJMolvin^ thu Savoy Jlmphal. and 
over the commiMiuii whicli on 
Oct. following met nl lbs Cuuhpit <o 
icuM llictcnnnof ihn i>rojcii<loil iiiiiou u'illi 
''Scotluul but lurconipliiihfd nnthin);. On 
14 Dvc. 1701 lip coiivrywi the thniiku nf ihc 
Boute of Lord* to MarlbopouKh for hi* ncr- 
[vice* ia lb«i laic cainpaisn. 

AlaODfi iba M^M of tbij Inn- Wri^lii has 

no pl>eo. ICntirelr without e\(H-rivii(.'L- of 

cluneMT baalii'Mii nn msHe n ahift to supply 

[U* dcficicncii's hT luuidimiii utiidy of a 

InAnuHJof prBrticn(^oiDpi[p<lfi:ir hii use; hut, 

llbongh ho iuccohImI in nvoiijind (nrlou* 

ih"? Mtrcnif fircumnpf?Plitm with 

wbicti be proceedvil entuiled u vniil mrcuniu- 

■•tMn of anv^ra. Hit slioncoiniii^'B wm 

L tte morn cnnopiciiouii by cntilrast with the 

[pvat nnalilin of hi* prodi^psftor, nnil the 

ItMlitical ncanncBi whii^li IihI him tonrliidii 

pSo«iieri« with other whift tanscnaiai from the 

CODituiMioii "f the peace gnxe oi^c^anioii lo 

unpleoMiit STiitua<]T>-r»ioiis in thi? Huu»e of 

. COD»CDon«(>tl Much 1701). Ilia judiciul in- 

ItMTity, bowsTM, i* unimpAnched even by 

hull inoit eenaorioun ftritic, Ilimhnp riiimM ; 

|»id bit ind-nfutiiin, b? tho imm^of writ* of 

\%fieiu rorjni* (H March I70l-fi), on behalf 

Tth* two couiurl eummitCed by the liooBn 

Oomniou« to ihu custody uf th'' nerjcuiil- 

■l-«nM for plmcling thn cuuie of tlie [iliiiu- 

''"i in the Aylfiibiiry elprlion cii*>', if ludis- 

ereei, ir»» nl any mtc poiirngiriiin 'soe 

HOBTiOir, Sib Jambs J. The I lonm- of Conj. 

moiM pen^oiptorily rnjoiucd llie wMJcnnt-nl- 

uina to m&kB uo reluru to ihf wriLn, nnd 

IDtght narbap« bare proceeded to commit 



Ibir lord heeprr bnd not nn opprirtiine proru- 
^lion terminntod th<- nlTitiT [I'f. Holt, Sir 
Jobs]. 



He cunliiion of tbu followinit milutnn bi'. 
twr<eii SlarlboTough and (iodolphin nnd the 
«hi|; junto irits sealed liy the diFimiaiul of 
Wriuhl,no«' out of favour mith both iiarliei. 
■nd bit n^lncnnenl. (11 Oct.) bv WilliHui 
laflrrwnidit Lord) Cowp«r [■{■^'■J Neither 

Cngp nor pi^nnioiii rowardRil hi* unrtices ; 
ihv wealth which he had nmnued, 
larprly, it was rumourv'}, bv thi'corrupt dii- 
p(Mal uf pal roiugi;, enalileil him to su.itnin 
with dignity the potitioD of a couul v ica^'- 
nftie-. Ilia principal ciMt was at Caldeeiilu 
in Warwtektliirr, but h« bad alio esTalM at 



Ilariibill, Bcl{iravc,and Krookiby in Leice*- 
tcnbire. He died nt Caldecotr on 4 Aug, 
1721, and nas burli-J in Cflldueute church. 

^S'right married, iu lb7U (LueuM dated 
4 July I, Klitabeih. tecood daushl«rof 0«OTg« 
.Ariliby of Ijuenbr, Leiciutcnvbire (Ckbreh. 
/jwirfoi) yiarr. Littiriit, col. 1614), by whom 
hi! hnd >ix nons and four dAUt[hti.Ts. Th« 
eldest son, (Tunrtii! Wright, puivhuHed the 
mnaorof (.inyhiinil, ltucliiDj;huiuihiTe, which 
reuiftiiied in his posterity until the prvwiit 
ceiHiiry. 

Wright ig described by Machy (.VrmoiV*, 
ItflxbiirKhii rlub, II. AO) nn 'of middle 
slnturr, with ' a fni. Iiroad fooe much marked 
by the imnll-pot." ,\n rngTarins from liis 

Eirtrait by White, done in 17U0, i» in tbo 
ritish Mitwum (ef. >>ici[OL«,XeKMfi-nAi>r, 
iii. 21ti). llis ducreea in obancery sro re* 
port«d by Vernon uid Peere Witlinmn. For 
i.hr proceedinan in the c-aie of the ^vny,ii«i 
' Bibliolhff n I'lipntn-iiphim nritiiiinieB,''vii. 
2Sti, niid Mtowe MS. Stifi. For cpisldnry 
and other rf^mnin*. »ce .Xclditinnal M.Ss. 

siooer. iiLi'si':;? fr. 07, 7i.i.'4»ow*f, i35f 

Iliat. M^^S. Comin. 8th Itep. App. i. 440, ii. 
103, iL'th Rep. App. iii. 14. A amnll but 
imporiunt luodiHcation of criminal ptoeiv- 
ihmt, tIk- riitMiiiutioa (by 1 Annir, itat. ii. 
p. H, ». 3) of >wom for unnworn leftimony 
on bi'hnlf of ilio prijoniT in cusei of treason 
uiid felony, appears to have been due lo 
Wrights initiative. 

(!<■ Kflvs't I'«ili(>re«ii nf ihc KuiBbu (Ilarl. 
Soc.) ; iuner Temple Hiwka; >'ichulH'ii LtlcMltr- 
(hire. i. ISJetseq., 138.433. iii. ITS. 184.310. 
in.'.a. ir. 889. lOSfl; DagdalcV WnrwiclnJiire. 
til. Tlioma*. p. i09T; I.ipwom!.'" Jliickinslinm- 
»hini.iv. lai : lloneir* HDiln Trial), ii>. '2S(\. 
«.M. liii. 12.V), 13a.V xiv. B6I. 876 . Lntlrcll's 
K«l*ti'i(i ijf Slitin jVffiiir*; Itiii m(ind'» lirp, p. 
13J; Lootloii OiuMif, aO-Ss'Miij-. 27 Juiio . 
I July 170(1. 2ti -30 June 1701 ; LonlsMouTnali. 
xii. .^*3. Boyor'i Annidk tif Uiiefn .\nne, i, IAS, 
III, IS4. IV. 181 ; Avi'iiust iif thu t'nnducl nf llie 
DueheFs oF Murllot 0111th. 1743. pp. 1S4, 147: 
Burnet"!! Own Time (f.iL) ii. -iri. 319. 436 ; Vor- 
iiuii't I.iitT>'ni, •d. Jamc*. iL IH.SB.'UJ-. Koble'a 
Cootie uul ion of Oraiiifr'a Biucr. Uift. of KnK- 
Ltnd, i. 34; Sirin's IVorlu, cit Soul', x. 303; 
Popa'a Worku, i:J. IClwin, ti. Ji ; CiiinpbcU'a 
l.iii'H of tlie C hull col lun; Fom'o tilT«* of iho 
Ju>Ik«i ; .'^lanLupe'a Uiitory of En){Um], 170l'> 
1713.1 J. U-lf. 

WRIGHT, Mil*. PATIKXCK (ITiR- 
17St(), wax modeller, ivn» bom of quaknr 

Cuts nnmed Uivell at liordcnlown, Now 
jy. North AmiTicii. in 172o, In 1748 
she uiurrieil Joseph Wright, al«o of Botden- 
toiru, and in I7li\) viaa left a widow with 
D eon and two dutighterti. Having made a 



Wright 



la* 



Wright 



mputalion iti lli« colony by bor porirail* in 
wu, *U« t*ii]Qr(.-(l to Kojtlani] in 1772 nnd 
Mltlcd ill London, wbiTv »hp iiecnmit ecln- 
braiiHl w Ibe * PromHlbunQ model I it.' llrr 
nwdencv wu In CockspuT Sciwl, llay- 
nuricel, *nA tliorp she amininMl mi t>xliibi- 
tioiiofbarworli>,r(inipmiii|j;!if«-«LieiiiGgiu«a 
And biul* of coat Kin nrirarv naisbililJM and 
liistorical aroupa. Wlilch wiu iiipnrinr to 
unytliiaK of tbi^ kind p«Tvii>uily spin. Sh^ _ 
nuMvllml for WpttininBlvr Abbey llic nffif^r 
of Lonl Cbnlhniii. wbicb is utill piwrtMl 
fhen, PuHii^ t.hn American w&r of indo- 
p«adenr« Mr*. \Vrij;bi, who wm* womAUof 
nnarloiblc intdliKi^ntM! nnil ciMiTHvalictial 
poven, RCIcd niccfufull^ u a tpy on behalf 
of BunjuninFluiilEliii.urith whnmahnm^i- 
biriy L«orr«poudtfd. Her boiiici xvut miiph 
wwrli-i] to bv arlitlx, fspvciully ilcnjniniii 

[n. 1 : ' ■ " ' ' .. ' 
lMt»r of whom married h»r Mi'tniddiiugbtor 



litlvdl^H 



beiidud on 2 l-'eb. l&'iO-l, wascommii 
NvvrgBlc, tried for high troaiOii under Ihet' 
»uiuie27KlinbMb,cond«ran>d todMth,and 
bungwl at Tyburn on 19 Slay (05.) 1611. ^- 

Collpg«are«iily-(wu of his srmocu, pnaebed^l 
ID th« c«tir»e of a veor. liU portrait haM 
b«CD amoved bv t. Galk, and ag^n by 
J. lliane. ' ^H 



SAn account of Vnght apfaaNd cndar tlia 
c of ' R. r. Pnih Wrici . . . Hon, qvam ob 
Gdeoi paanu nt Luniliai uii Mail ICAl ' [Ant- 
warp, leil], ISmo. It WM UmMlatad inU 
Italitm (BoJocna. 16AI) aad iato Puttk (A 
werp. lOaiX Sta alK> ClwUoom'a Hsmoin 
JliMKiiinty PrirtU; Uodil'i Chnrdi B>il.; Flonw 
Anglo Uararicns, p. Bt : FoLtT* tUcotdi^ if. 
6iW-Hl. Til. 870; Gmqrr'a »i'«r. lliirt. of 
Koj^UnJ, Sih (dil. ill. 318; Oliiar'i Jvoil Cot- 
iKliuuB, p. S30 : TanMv'* Sadtim Jbm. 107^] 

T.C. 
WRIOHT. ItlCMARtt (1-36-1776?), 
raarinc paintfT, born nl Lirerpool in 173-! 
«-a* broujibi up »a a A'\p and boow painUr, 
SS Mnreb )7(iti. An 'cii^riQZ of Mr». ', -^n cnlirply »lf-iau^ht artirt, b* nni i 
Wright accompanim a nottce uf Tier in thr fenrnl ta an pshibiior in Ixmdon in nt 
'i.«ndno Mairniiii«>'i>f 1773, and bvtwiM-ti ibit date and \iiS ex\a' 



tvmtwii lo oy ariitix, fsiwciiiiiy ^tcninmiii 
Wwt [a. v.] and John Iloppcii-r [ij. v.j, the 
lalt»r of whom married Iim Mi'diiddaugbtor 
Phoebe. In 17f^1 Mri. Wricbi paid a vi^ii 
to i'niiii, and ntiminl only blinnly bvforv 
ber diMtth, wliich look place in London on 



nt- 

if. V 



Jofrni Wndiitr (175(1-1798), only aon 
nf I'aliriici' Wright, imviinpanieil bla inother 
to Kneland, and, with tlirauiflnnroof Wmt 
•ad Hoppn^, bt>canii- a portniit-painlnr. 
In 1(80 liB c^bibrtrd n ptiilfaii of bii 
noUiKtat thr KovolAcndrmy, and dI about 
tlie auiiH lime )iu paiiiti-d a portrnil of thv 
pRDCe of Wttl*». In 1782 bo rviumml to 
Ainariea, wlicro he pnicli*'.-i| Ujtb paiuliug 
■■dwax-raodfUinn; WaahiBpoo tat loliioo 
a«VFral tinica. lU- wu apfiointnd lh« flnit 
dmgghuinau and di»-*iDker to Iba mint *t 
Pkil«<h>lpbia, and diml in 1703. 

(Donl^'i flbt. of ih« Ar1> tt D«icn in tbc 
Uniiol MaUa. IftM: [awlnn M>ig. 1774, p. 
SAS; RaJit'wn'BDict. of ArtBtal 

F. M. ai). 
WRIOHT, PETER (IflOS-lffil). jfanit, 
WBK bom oi Slipi.iii, Nortlump-ooiliiri', in 
lUOS nf gioor parrnif, ufco wcrv (oaI<iu* 
catlioltct. .\ftcrboiaK«OMgadfor tpn yvan 
aa clvrk in a Milicitora oAm, )■• ealitt'ed in 
the Eiii;(i«h amy in Holland, but »oon li>ft 
it, nnd rniom) ibe Sorintv of Juaa at 
Wntii-a in 1030. In I6S9 &e wu at Liigt 
»tud<riog ptiilowmhy; in 1636 in the sama 
cvllwc pvniltnff lui tbraloiiical Murw, and 
in 163B prtAct in tbc Kuffliidi jn^uit rol^fo 
at ttt. (>Ta*r. II* wu appoiatnl rarap com* 
tniauoner to tbir Ib^ith aad Iriah foaeca U 
ilh«nt in l^VJ. Bttnjr«Hit to the EnsUili 
miiHi'Mi in ||[|H, baamvd for two VMn in 
tKoOifordand Nortliainptna dtMricl. lie 
fMiotod l« Loailun in l&tfl, wm appre- 



bited twuotjr-Krv worki iritJi the Inoor- 
panted Soeiety of Artists and one vitb 
thp Fm> Socici^. tie w» a nan of itrai^ 
manni^m and wsTiM taaper, and daring fis 
membundiip of tha InMrfxmtad Socintv &o 
took an aclivi' l<wl amon^ tbnao di*con* 
tailed with its aCTain^ llii cxbibilvd pic* 
tntw iiM'ludvd ' A Slijnn with n Kbipwrcck;* 
■ Snnaet. a Frwh Breeae ; ' ' A VrraL Galit ; ' 
'Ri<r«T with Boaia, jEc, Moonl^lit.' ts 
ITS! a prvminm waa oSerad hf thm Ssciatjr 
of .^rta for tho bnn marincnictora; thia hfl^H 
won. w wa* lbs caae vita nmilar pria*^^| 
ItiTcn by Ibcaociety in ITaeand 176B. Uit^ 
moat aoiablH wori is a a t* pieca, for which 
h« obtained a premtum of fifty ^neaa in 
1764; froan it WtUiasi Woollen [q. r.] m- 

£iT«d hi* fin* plat* ' Th* !■ uiery.' S« 
ubt owiof to nxeeJIenca of the en^raTW^ 
work, a copy of tfai< waa p«Ui*hcd in rranee, 
on which the iiBinc of %'rnM4 ia affixed a* 
painter. Thetv U a picture by him in tlw 
collcctian ai Ilanipton Court, 'Tba Vtojti 
Yarhl brinfia^ Qnann Cbarioite to Eaglwd 
in a Stom.' Ilia «rifa a»d dauffatei* w«ta 
abo painterly lU died about i;7fii. 

(Biyui'i Kft.rd.OiaTa*: Kfdgnra'alMct.af 
Aitttti; (JrarMi Dirt- el Artist*.] A. S. 

WRIQUT. RICUARI) 0^04-1838). 
nnilanaa iBiaaionaiy, elilst aoa of Kidianl 
Wriebl, waa bor* at Blakener, Nocfclk, on 
7F*h. I7<H. ]li«lbtberwaga*Ubo«er: lua 
■othtr, Abo* (d. II Oe*. 1610), claimed 



d 




Wright 



H3 



Wright 



toorituibip will] Sir John Fenn [q. t.] A 
MUtivo (ytho (ImhI in 1770) M&l liim >■> 
Mbool, BD(I u-ould have don« nion- hnd bia 
pftivoU DM joined tlie (liK«nl«ni. (Ic turrcd 
MpsgeiaBil wMapinviitiwd In n nliopkpt'tH-r. 
jOiMd (1780) tha iiulcTHrndcnt riiun-h at 
OiMKtwick inxlcr Ji>liii HyW id. IN'.M), uiid 
btjton TilUirc pHTiifhinft on ■a-vek uighu, un 
irrofiuIaiiTj fur whicli lie wna pioomratini- 
ealnl. Tli« WVaIi^vsiis upeiied their pulpii* 
to him, but lio did ui^l y»a ihnm. Ki>r a 
(hon lime Ii* miiiideivd In a lu^wlv farmral 
IRrn<>ral b«pli«t rongn'g'niinii at Ntirwicli. 
Hem he iDodL- iljo no^unintniUM! ot Samuel 
Fuibcr, wbo Imd been diBmii(M.>(l un a uorat 
charfto frojn tlic iummlrv of 8l. Marr't 
nrticular Imptitil cburvli, N'orivicli, and Iind 
joiutd the Sa bell inn p«rlirolsr tmpi.iMR, 
founded by John Johnwii(I706-lT«l)iq.v.; 
Ktther ■niaislon'il for prriotU «f lix montliit 
altrRiMnlj at a clinml of thlt cUss in 
Drwhnui'i I.bih-, Wiibpcli, <'umliridi,'»l]irp, 
and ft clia{>i.-l ercclpd (1778) b\ liiti friend* 
hi PoClergrntpSlr¥vt. Norwich. Wright wa» 
eBgagKltoallvrualelbuswilh FiHliemt linth 
plaicv*. After Tiu long iim" the nrranfcnmit 
was htfotcn, Wri^rhl giiinff hi* whole tiiiif 
to Witbnch. Il» vi«WR rnpldly cimupyli 
ha btousht bi««an(iTe^Biioti nith him froni 
CalTinixn to unitiirianunn. Sump lime after 
they had hct'ii dis^^vriied by tli« Johnsonian 
baptiotd, he procurvd llieir admi»»ion In the 
gtmni baprist U4«<eiiitily. Ilii influritni' 
txtPwded tn ihe K^nern! hflptisl i;nnHri!C'i''t«> 
■t l.ulloti, IJncnlniihiTc, wliic:h huci bfcrimp 
univRrulut (17!K)). Thi* introdueed him 
(1797) lo Willinm Vidler [a. t.], to wl««e 
pRriodica), thr ' UnivenaliBt * Mi«eelUny,'h(i 
oontribntcd (in thv 1a«t hnlfof 17n7)BKrie* 
of 1«ller* (reprinted EdinhnrRh, 17H7, 8»ol. 
Vidlerand he exchanged riaitj>,and he mndc 
Tidlw n unilnrinn (hy ISO*.'). At thi.-> tima 
li« WTOto much on imiicriialiiin. He begun 
to tmT«l u a mtuionary, and in 1804) iho 
' unitarian fund ' waii nlaMishi-d in Loudon, 
with Wrii;litai the linl travellinf;mi^ionnry. 
Bis juume}« yrtre muttly on foot ; hii uKre- 
tltraeM was i^ivatcr in r>rivat« ronvnnn 
than M a pTHtnhnr; hU dnhnlinE >hi1l and 
tnopar worf nllkn ndmimhlo. In 1810 ha 
mntrnvd hit chnrgo at Wiibwli, Ici d^votw 
himacir entirely 'u ilinerunl work. His 
bvvala extended tliroiif;!] anal piirta of Eng- 
land and WalM, oud in St^utUiid as far as 
Ab«rdc«n. In ISlfl the 'nniinrian fund" 
broiif^t him lo liondon to »ii]>i^riiili^nd iho 
ormttMlion of local nmirhor*. He Ivcamp 
(Septambrr IBi2) minijfer of a baptisi cnn- 
tin>mtiao at TrowbridftP. Wiltshire, whicli 
be urotigfal intotbuspiieriil hnptiit usw.'iiilily. 
In 1837 he rctnoveirto (lie ehar^ofu biuu'II 



eonj[Tegatioii at Kirkttead. LiuculiiBhirr [acn 
TxihOK, Jons, H»i-17«l]. Hew. be died, 
ou It) Sepi. II^B: a latilel to hi* memoty il 
in KirkBliAi] ubapel. His portrait has bMnl 
engnved. He n-ss a lilde man j at a pubtii 
dintifr In 1810 ho ' moimiiHl tho tahin* I 
malM a rouainj; ineRrli ( Ciriitian Jlr/wmrr^ 
\Wm, ji. S(M}. Hia firat u'ife died and Jun 
IKJS. He left n widow and three dfluj-hiiTi^ 
Hi* bnilher, V. B. Wnght {d. 36 May IKC). 
waa D printer and lay-ureaeher in Liverpool,^ 
author of ' History ol Keli^ioii* Persecu-I 
tions" (Liverpool, ISIft, Syo), and rdiloP oCi 
iht. 'Chriatinn ItsllMtor ' (18*2 7, 8to), %i 
nniinrian monthly. Ilia hroth^', John 
] Wrigbl, lay-pn-aehpr in Liwrpricd, vrna the 
auhjcct of an abr^ite prtisivutiijii for bbu-^ 

i'hc^iny in a «ermou delivered nn Tiiesdayijj 
April If 1 7. He euiiip'uled lo G«orttt<tOwn,^ 
UnitedSliili'anrAmBricn. lEicbanl Wrighl'ai 
grandson, John Wright (114^-1900), itm*! 
finn of the pn>if<otnni (IBOI) of the 'Uai> 
larinn Hernrd.' 

Ktaong Wridhfii very numeroiiB publica- 
tions, muit of which were of^ni repnuted, 
the fulluwinjf may be noted. 1. ' An 
Abridgment of Five I)i»conr»e# , . . t'ni- 
Tfifsftl UpBlornlion,' Wisbpcb, 1 71JS, 8ti»^ 

2. 'Thn .\iili-Sntiarnetioniat," Wiabocb, l«)5,] 
Sco (n^fainit the doirtrine of alunL'mt'ut). 

3. ' .\n Apology for Ur. Miclia>-I Servetus,* 
WiBbccU, lM)u, ISvo (lin« no ongiual value), i 
■1. ' An Emay on the Exislenc" of tb«i Ilevil.^ 
lIlilO. l:^mo. R. ' Em«v on the l'nit«r»«l" 
Heslnmlion,' 18IIS, ISoin. B. ' Kawir on n 
Futnm l,if.;,'l,irfTpool, IHin. ISmo. 7.'Tlio 
l(«fliirr»clion of ibn IJi-ad," Liverpool, 18'iQ, 
12mo. 8. ThrialCriicilied,' Liverpool, l«yj. 
ISmn. 9. ' lEeview of the Mi»ionnry Lifci 
and Lahoun ... by Himself,' W2i, I'^iuo.' 
He luf) an suIobiogTwphy, which has not 
br-en published. 

[Memoir, by F. B. W[ri«hll, in Cliriatian 
Ri-rormar. 18.18, pp. 7<9. SS3 ; BinCMphlcal 
Diet, uf l.iriiig .^ollfint, Iflin i Mi>il»niiry l.ifa 
and Labunm. I82t : Clirtslinii H'fiirmnr. lN2S,j 
p. >IS; Mnnibly Bcpoiitory. ISlT.pp JJI.snd. 
t:n (for Jolin Wrijhl): minulD-bdoli t>f Wis- 
bivhbapliil P)ogrBplioi;ritn»i;t. IromBlHiiencf 
pariih (vgiitor. per the Hbt. K. U. Tiilaidl 

A.O. 

WRlGHT,IinBKI{T(IWiO !(U3).bi« 
siiccwaivdy of Bristol nnd of Lichfield i 
("ovi-nliT.WBa btmiofhomlili-pan-nlnseatSl. 
Albnita, HertfonUhire.in l.ViO. He mulricu- 
Inted fnim Trinity College, Oxford, in 16/4, 
nnd was elerled next vear lo a sohoUrehJn 
there. H0 graduated H.A. on :i3Jnne 1680, 
and became a fsllow on 25 May 1-Wl, aub-j 
seiiiiently pronwdiog JI.A. on 7 JiiIt 1584, 
B.D. on a April 1692, and D.U. on 2 inly 



W'right 



124 



Wright 



• 



15(»7. In L>M he cclitfd Iho Tolume of 
Latin c1i>([i«scfi)ltiJ 't'licvliritL' bv iiiuinl)i!r» 
of Ui" «niTi?r«iIy on ilv< di'uili or Sir n'.'iiry 
Union [q. v.] ; liro of 1I10 (tlt>giea v«n' from 
hi" own pen. ![■■ h«U many coiiiitry living, 
ultliuuitli lid Mildom viiitDd thorn. I-'mm 
IG Aug. luSS to IB Nov. leiQ bo n«i rocliir 
of Woodford, Ebmm; ho became rwtor of 
Si. John ihpEvHu(R>Iiii,I^ndoii(l&8d-90)i 
of St- KRlliiriiie, Colt'inau Slwi't, London, 
in IMH ; nf ]tri\t>>ii T)«v*(*U, Wtllsbire, on 
S9 Not. Ififlfi; of Ilr.urtiin.on.the-Wot«, 
GIouMitCTiUin!; of ]InTi'i,Mid>nr'jM!X,4 April 
1801;aiidTknrcifSonni[iji,1k-tk>htrp,13Jutir 
16(M< TiillKII WriKbt iVDumdilf canon rmi* 
dentiai; and Irviuurtrr uf ^Vt^lln. and for 
KOnw yean often rveided there. IIi- ob- 
tain«d nn inirniliielion to the court, and 
waa appnin1i»l rhnplnin (o Q\ii">n Klixabi'th. 
Hi! wan nftprwnrds nnminntfd Rlinjilni n -in- 
ordinate to JamcMi [. In M.'irdi lelOCirk- 
Mn wrolv ibst (Uford mimlmdliitcU pmvM 
thomoct proiiiint-ui amung priMLcbi-rs at court, 
hut nf tlwiiu Wright w!n rwkonod ' the worst ' 
(NlCltni.!, Vmyrrifrt, \\. 287). 

On 20 April lei.l Wri((hl wng (ippniiitcd 
by Uorolliy, tridnw (if Nii-holnn Wniilinni 
rq. T.], till! limt wurdrn of ths nnwlv o*tn- 
brisbed W»dham Colkfre, tixford. Hu ro- 
aignml tbu office threi? muuibNlali.'r(L'OJulv) 
bMaUW tho fuimdruRi n-fuvcd lits rcqut-tt for 

panoiMion to inanTr. Uu appvam to liavo 
withdrawn to hia vic&nge at Sonning. In 
161fl hn added lolils maiiy beni>f)cc« t1ial of 
KallinffdoB, KMex. IIo reccivnd ampin com- 
iwnaation lor bit surrondsrof th<i w.ird<nichip 
of Wadbam \tf hi« appointment fnrly in 
inSa to tho bi«bopric nf BriBioI. With iUl> 
bishopric h« eootioiud to hold hii stiill at 
Wclla. He acitcd aa an vxvcutur of the will 
of Sir John Davies [q.v,\ whicli wh* dnlnd 
6 April ]6:>A and prvvod nn U May \&-l&. 
Six yean later hn Wa* tmnhlnlixl to tbn kw 
of Lichfiplii and l-'ovt-nlry, whpn? ho nuc- 
ceedcd ThomBs Morton (IMt~lW19) [q, v.] 

Wright was rr-puli-d to \» of covetous 
disposition, .\ecordiug to Wood, he wn* 
' much given up to th« aflaira of ihn world,' 
IIr imp3vcmh<d in hi* own inlnrr>sts thn 
epi*oopaI property nt Drirtnl, nnd Btyjuirpd 
for bimaulf, omong otlinr Undi-d propiTty, 
the manor of Xi-wnhnm t^urtn«T in Oxford- 
sbira at a cost of 18.000/. Wbili- biehup of 
Lichfield und Cuvciitry he \» «aid la have 
Tuped latye profit* oui' of th# saU of timbor 
on T.li« ejiinc^ul eitlntc nf Kcclnihnll, Klnfibrd- 
(hire, itnt nn cnitind thi^ fabrics of manv 
churrh™ in hi* dioci'H:* to be renovated and 
improved the iiervici^s, eiijoiiiin;^ the uh of 
copea iiud due ultention to iuu«ic. 

Wright aclvd vrtth Laud in the criM« of 



veuonted^H 




lr>10 and tbe (ollowiu};yes». In Mn 
hn Rigiked the newcanons which were Minted' 
in convocation. <.>n 87 Oct. Ift4l Uw llonw 
of tVimmonii inarhcd it* nitMitii>ent of the ^n 
action of Iiimiclf nnd other bitiliop« I» vot-^H 
ing ibtir cxctuuon froni partiamtint. In I)e<^| 
cutnljer Wrichl joinud vlHreu of thr biabopa ' 
ill tigniiigulellvr tu the kiiij; in which they 
J compUined nf intiiuidnlioii while on iheir 
] way lo thiT iloaie of Lon3», and protested 

Xiust the: tmnraction of biiaiiMM in tbeir 
L-ncL-. The llouM of Common* cauiwd 
; the tvtptve bishopii to bn arrtaUMl in Bntici*^M 

tatioii of ihfir iiuti^ai^hmcnt on a ehaijge ''^^1 
, igb irnanon. Wriyhl.with nine eo)l#aguM^!^^ 
won cnmmilli^d lo llm Tower. He wnii 

I brought to thn bnr of the lloiiFii? of l.orda in 
Fubriiary Ittll "i. tlndnclinrdloplpad, but 
made an improaivc npcucb. Hi? nppcnii'd to 
the metnbert fran his present and iiasi dio- 
ceteslo liidM bim by llieir ' hiiowl<!d|;c of bin 
couraw. llD dawred to 'regain the estwiiil 
which ha WM lon^r in (pttiug, boT had lo«t in 
moment,' 'for if I thould outlivti, 1 «aj 
my bishopric, but my credit, mv gwy li 

, Hud muny yeani would be brought with for- 

I row t(i th-ifniro.' HewaarcUModoobi 

bail after uighteeti weelia' iinpriaoiuttiint, 
was ordered to n-tiirn to bu dloovae. 
withdrew to one of hi* «ipi800pal leaii 
Hcclc.ihiill Ilnll in .SiaiTordahii*. Tbe ■: 
lion wni garrisi^ned (orthekinrby ' Dr.Bitd, 
a cirilinn.' hut flij William Itrxnuon laid 
lit^e to tiii?placcinthnau1iimnof I<U<1,aiid 
white the house was slill invested tlic bishop 
died (Seulemkcr ItiJS). 

!Ie len an only sou, Calvert Wright, wb' 
WM bapiiM>] at Soiuiing in lOJO, and 
camn n contleraan coiamoner of Wadhatn 

I CotleKc, Oxford, in 1&^, gmdiinling M.A.i 
February IB.'ift-T. He wiwtiid thn fortiino 
left him by his fattier, and died a poor debtor 
iu (he king'] bench pri>c>o,Suuthwark, in the 
winter of IWift 

Tbura \» a portrait of the bishop in the 
hall of Wadfaam College, Oxford. 

Two ctmtMQparariM n&mod Itobert Wright 
should bu diitinguiahcd from the biafaop. 
llODEUT WwuHT (ir)0aF-1596?l matn- 
culated at Cumbridgc as a siiar of Trinity 
Cullej^e on 2 May lotir.and bec'.imea M^holar 
there. In lr)70-l be graduated B.A. (M.A. 
I-^71), and was elected a fellow. II« waa 
incorporated M.A. of Oxfonl nn July 1677. ^di 
He WR* appointed tutor of Robert Duvercux,^^ 
second uorl of &ici, before the t-irl went to ^^ 
Cambridge, and acQampuiiic'<l him thither. 
After Baaex left the univi^nily Wright be- 
came head of his huu»ehold. When Gwe.i 
was made the queen'* luaaler of ■!:« bor*i>, 
Wright waa appointed clerk of lb<! itablea 




Bop 

latn^l 
lino ^n 




{AdJit. M.S. oTuu, fol. H3). He wiu a man 
of tvamliig. *nd Thoin&s NvwrlOD (llyii?- 
I0O7>'[(i' v.] c'^niplimiiiitdil bim on bis aumj 
iteoonipli*limi'nia ia an ojii^mm nddrCMod 
' A<1 pmdiliu. vinim n<ib<>7liiin Wrightutn, 
nobJIJM. Kuf-Xtn <!03iitu famnTiim ntimn- 
riam.' I ^tin xenrs prellxiHl to I'irlcr B*ro'a 
'Pnclrctiom-'s ill Joiiam' (1079) are also 
M«ign«d to Wrighl. Hediedabuut lu^(er. 
I>SVBKErx, Livf» (i/* tie Vfi-f reu^ EarU of 

AsoihiT lEoninir Wittoirr (l&Vl°~1iI°t) 
wa* Hon of John Wrifflif. of Wright* llrid(rf, 
IC»*n. He mntriciilutrd ns a pnini-incr of 
Triniiy CVlU'tfi', {'junbridffr.oii 'i\ Moy I'lTl, 
an<l f;mduali>d It.A. Ij'l. ucd ^f■A. loTt^. 
\lv wt,> mi drdeuL C«lviiiiBl. and rvi'i-ivwl 
ordination at ADtwHrpfroiu \'illt<.'ra or i.'urt- 
wrigtit in IfiefipneTan form \' rmnliridftR 
1m bKainn nrq iiAintcd wilii .< i :'. <-'i'ond 
lord Iti^li.nnd about 1580 ni" i n . Im clinp- 
Uin inhisIiouse.tJnNit Loijthi, Emi-x, wlipru 
be Will TrXigiou^mtvlhi^i^^^^fV.Ai/lmer, 

!ip. &1»M.) He was iucorporatvd M,A. ufUx- 
ord on II July IWI. Afti'r sevi-ral L-lTijrts 
on IfoliopAylniOT'spon lo obtain lii? nrivst 
of Wright, bo and hi* patron wore exniiiini'd 
in Ibc court of ncclenutical rnmrniulon in 
Uetober Ifi81 in thapiwMDcn of l^rd IIutK'>* 
ley. It wai nliown thnt Wright bod ukntl, 
in n;)^rd l<> ihe toLcni mutt ion of Ibi- qiiKn'a 
acc«Miofi day (17 Nov.), 'if tliey would 
■sake it on holj' Akj, and so inah« our quix^n 
•a idol.' Wright waa cnminitted to lbs 
FlMt priiKin. Next year thr prison.h.'i-jifr 
on hi* uwn niithorily pprmitlnl biio (>> visit 
bin wife in Kmfx, but coraiiUiul w«» mndn 
of thin lenii^t trcHtmi-'at to Lord Burjihlry. 
Wright fip[iFii!"d fi)r mercy to Burvhlvv, who 
r«plii>d liy inrorniing biin of tC'.' cbari^-'s 
brouglit ag»In«I him. Wright aetit a voKi- 
taiiMMu nmra-iT (Stuvp):, Annah, iii. ii. 
928). He iKvmt to hovn ri'luni''d to prinon 
•nd rrmaiiiird there till September ISS3, 
wlieo he declared bia vriUingiieau to auli- 
wribe to 'Iub f^od alloirance of llie inini- 
•try of the chnrth of EoglHud and to the 
IViok of Common Prayer,' After giviii;,' 
■ iiriTtiM for bin futiiro ronfirirmily, li« was 
nlm^. III! wrns mibmiiiiicnlly roctor of 
Deoninglon, SuSblk,(rom loSStill hi>di-ath 
in 1624. 

[Wo«d'* Athonv Dion. iv. Sno. P««li. i. 311; 
Coopar'* A(hvii»«(^il.a1)r. ii, 3i8 ; Laud'i Worts ; 
<IaMiDor'<It«iciM(T9of WoJham ColJrgc; Bor«*- 
ford'a Lichneld in IKonann IIii>laHs>, f. 23A; 
F<»t«r'* Altirnni Oion. 1600-1711; ^irypL-'a 
Work..) S. L. 

WRIGHT, 'ilias n*stB», ROBERT, 
nlkd ViBCoimr I'dkiubtk (1631-lfi;4). 

(See UtXTESS.} 



WRIGHT. Sir itUDEHT (d. 1088), lord 
chief jiimifrt, im* l.be tiyn of .Itfrmyn Wrighl 
of Wniigfonl in Niiffiiik, by bis wife Annr, 
daushter nf Hiclinrd Itochcroft of l)«xwetl 
in Norfolk. He tvusdnHientLrd from a family 
long tented nt Kelverstone in Norfolk, and 
was «diii.-aled al the frpc rwhoo! at Thutfnrd, 

duating It.A. from Veterboute, Com- 
S^, in IOS» aud M.A. iii lt)0). Hn 
ont^red Lincoln's Inn on \A June lUM, and 
afUrhcingcallnd to tliebnr wi'UI lh«Norfi)1k 
circuit. Aeuording lo IIog<T North (Iti^S^ 
1(31) [q. v.j bo wm* ' a comely periOBi airy 
and lluuriabm^' both in bin habits and way of 
living,' but a \<eTy jioor Uwyw. Ho waa a 
friond of Fnrnci* N^trth ( uRemard* Baron 
(iniIford)[n. T.'.aiid rvliml implicitly on biia 
when refjiiired to give a written opinion. 
Although by marr^-ing the daugblarof tbw 
tiiiibup of l^ly be oli<uini:il a good practice. 
'biH voluptuous unthinking coarw of life* 
led hini into great Hmbarrnuitiii'iitii. Theto 
he pvad>$d by pledging bin mlolo to l-'vancia 
Xorth, and nnnmarde mortgagiug it to Sir 
Waller rinmmnr, frauditi«nlly tendering 
bim on alGduTit tbnt it wa* clear >if all en- 
cumbrnncui. On 10 April lOBS \\'iigl)t was 
twtumeil to parliament for King'" Lynn (cf. 
Oal. Slate Paper*, Dom. IttO" 8, pp. Xtt, 
KIO). In IftiA be wan appointed eouniol 
for the university nf Camhrtdge, and in An- 
guat I87S hn wn» elected deputy recorder of 
the town. In October 16Ta ha fell nnder 
•u»pieion of being toncwiied in thn popish 
plot, Coleman hnviug been in hi« eoinpnny 
the .Sunday befoni he was comtnitied. On 
.11 Dct.t.ho matter na« brought by the upcidiDr 
before the HonneorComniona, which ordered 
Wright'* chnmbent in Lincoln'a Inn and bis 
lodgings to b« siiirched. A* nolbiiig was 
found to iucriininnte him, he waa dcclarvd 
completely e.\culpnted (Joiimali o/ftf ttmiM 
<ifO>m"ion; is. o24-&). In Kiuter 1679 ho 
wna made a Mrieaiit, and un 12 May Iil^ 
he was made a liing'a aerjeant. (^LrTraKLI., 
firli-f Jliiltirie-al llrlatifm, \. 43). He was 
knigbted on ir> May, and in KMI wiis ap- 
[»inled chief justice of Olnmoriran. 

Al this time bis forttinei wutv nt low 
fbb. He bad mado tbu acqunintancn of 
.letfrej*, and had acquirvd his rr^tard, it i« 
laid, by hi* ability aM a mimic. He went 
to him and implcitxtd hi* as>iitlance. Jeffivyii 
lud recourse to the king, and in tjiite of the 
vbjccliouH of Fmniris Sorth. who wa* then 
lord heejier of ibo gn-ut h-bI, ptnciir^id bi-t 
nomination on 'XI Oct. \^\ u a bni'on of 
ihe exchequer (iVi, i. :il»), Un 10 Fob. 
1884-.'i hii was elect^iJ recorder of Cam- 
htida^e. Jnme* IlwWti-d him tonccummay 
Jcffrcya on the wcrtcm a*tiie after Muu- 



Wright 



136 



Wright 



mouth's Tebellii/n, and on his i^lurn n>iiior»il 
himouU Oct. luthvkiTi^'tbL^ii'^U, In KiSd, 
in iba CM* of Sir lidnnnl llalm [q- v.], 
Wrigliil favo nil npintnii in favour of tha 
(1U[HiiimnK pomtf, whRH coiuulUd bjr Sir 
Kdnnni llc-rlmrl (ISWMBes) {fl. v.], pru- 
vioiin U> judffiiicnt bcin^ ttiveu m cuun Jo 
favour of Halo*. On « April 1687 lie wm 
])n.>iiiut«(] loClwdiiH'-jueticethip of tti'> com- 
muii pl«aaoD tbedektborSirilenrvIWinff- 
flel<l(16.13-16»r)rT.v.] Tliin office Iw Wd 
only fim daTs f"r ilv^lvi'li having Rfuaed 
to awiM the kins ^ mubliab mBrtinl law in 
the army in timo uf iNinco by Count fiuiicing 
thn cxn^uttoa uf a ili^wrtvr. was IruiuforToil 
lo t)w ubivf-juaticiwlup of tli« comnion plMM. 
Wright, wlio took his place a> chief j until! o 
of tb* king's bf'ieb. hnnged dwortor* without 
bwitation. fin g^vR fiirtbcr proof of his 
■mI hy finine tbo Karl of lJtivo«i*hir«, an 
opponant of the court, tbo Hum of SOfiOOL 
for naiauliins Colonel Tbuinaa Colepepw 
[q. v.] in tli« Vaaa cfaatnbvr at VVhiMbsU 
wkile tbi> ItiiiR and queen wer« in tbe prit- 
fli>uc*, oi'^rniliiig bi» jiloa of i)rivilf({r. tnA 
committing liini to pri«on until tbo lint' was 
paid [ion Ctvi^Nuisn, Williju, Gmt Dcke 
or DXToxiiitlKK i. Wright BC(nuitiuirK!il tbe 
(cntoDc;u with tbn reniHrk that llie offMion 
■mt* ' tiGXt dour tu pulling The king nlf bin 
thront'.' 

In October 1687 Wright wmi wnt to 
Oxford an ail ecclMiMtical commiuionrr 
with Tlionia* Cart Wright (1614 ■■ia89)l.i.v.l 
and Sir Thoniiu Jonner [i], v.] on tha famous 
vi*i'«li(in of Maitilnlen College, whun ull 
tbo fBllowii but tbriti wem Bspi'llml for 
Tcai*tiiia tbo rovnl authority, anil decUred 
incBpnbh? of hi-fdtiig any ncclnBiaRliral nn?- 
fermcnl. When the prmident of Mniplalcn, 
John Hough 'ii- v.], prol('«li!it ajpiiniit tbi? 

Sroctu'dinEa of ih« coram isiion, Wright 
wtiiri'd tliat hn would uphold his [mijeetv'g 
aiilhority wbiU- bt> bad bn^uth iu bi« bodv, 
nnd hound hini otpt in a thmiiand pniinds 
to npjwiir bpfon- the king's bench i>n the 
ehargo of btvaking iho pi>ncc (cf. Bloiam, 
Mofdttltti OaUfg* and Jama II, Oxford : 
HiM. 8oc.) I 

On 20 Juno 1668 Wright pneaided at tW 
trial of tho iwvMi bishops [*«• SiXCBon. j 
WiixuMj. Altbouph he so far nccnmnia- ; 
daii^d hiiDBcIf to the king an to diMilan^ I 
their pift iti'Wn u Ubol, h(i wn« ovcmwnd during 
the trial by iho KunnTDl Toicc of opinion 
and the npprnhcnsion of nu indictment. In 
the worila of n byjtjindi-r be loukeii as if ull 
lliepr^<>rt prr^icnl lind halt«ri iu tlit'ir pockets 
(M*(:Ai.'L.»r). We conducted the iiroiwed- 
inn with do«ucy and iiaparliality ( Evei.rx, 
Duirg, cd. Bray, ii, 276). At an early stage 




(li<> etidencv of puhUi-Blion broken down, i 
Wright wa» about todirvct llii-jury toocqu 
tho prifoner* when tbe pro«>ecutton wax aa< 
by tbn tiiitimnny of Sunderland. In 
chargp. while difhiring in favour of 
ri^ht ofthe Bul^oci to p<.-iiiioa,hc (foie it i 
his opinion that the purtioalurpetilioii before 
the court was improperly worded, and was, 
in ibe con tein plat iou of the lair, a libtj. 
lln failwl, howtiver, to pronounce de5uii«l7 
in favour of ihq diipensing power of tho 
crown. For this cimiMion hi* diamiMil waji 
aftcnrard* contemplated, and be wo* pro- 
bably BaT«d by tbcaifficulljof findingaaue- 
CMSor (cf. EllU Oorrap. 182(1, li. S3). 

In December Iflttb the Prince of Orajige 
caused iw-> impeach me ma of high treaaoD 
againit JeHivva and Wright to oa printful 
at l-Ucl«T. Wright waa accuaiid among 
other oirmcoi of Inking brlbcii ' to that 
dcgivu uf corruption u is a Hbaino to out 
court of justicu' {^Ilut. MSS. Vomm. 7tb 
It^p. App. p. i20). He cuullnutd to sit iu 
cntiri until the lligbt of Jatues on 11 De^H 
lie then anligbt safoty in concoalinnnt, an^H 
on 10 Jan. 1668-9 addniHcd a Kupplicatinf^^ 
letter to the Earl of Danby luxTIinp that 
be bad nlwaya opposiid poptrry. mid hod 

been com pel led to ai-l ngninet liio iiiclinutioni 
(oriirinal iii UrU. M-t. .UNit. MS. 28063, 
f. 3s£). HisbidiitK-ptiici' intfid Bniley wsa 
discovered bv Sir William Walter ( -/ lOM) 

(J, v.] on 18 Feb. (l.rmaix, i. .Wi; Cat. 

"late Papff*. Pom, 16R1)-!H1, p. 1 ; bul cf. 
niUHsTiiM, Aulnhuu/r. {Tnnidi^n Sop. p. 316), 
and he wa« tnkrn bef<irf< .Sir John iniapmaii, 
the lord mayor, ivbo commilled bim to 
Ncwffaie on the clinrBi! tlial, ' being oue of 
the judges uf the court uf kinj;'!' bench, ho 
hud mdeacoured the subieniou of tlM 
established goveriimeni by alloweing of i 

Kwor tc dil^iKv with tV Inwa ; and tbi 
e waa an« of tho commiitsionrn for cccti 
siiLftienl affairs,' On U .^Iiiy he was brought 
befure the House of Lordi fur his action in 
regard lo tbo Karl of Devuiiahin : but, 
although bis oveiTuling tlic enrl'^ plea of 

Srii'ilege and committing him to pri»<in wan 
eclana] a manif«it brvacli of pi-ivilcgt^ of 
pnrliainont (Lvitiikli., i. '■■'iO), no ftmhcr 
action waa lahon against bim. IM li* iUay 
he died uf fever in S'ewgale. In the dubaO^H 
on the act of indemnity on 18 June it ''■^H 
determined to «]:cept him from the act M 
»pite of his decease, tlia name, however, 
dors not appear in the final -Iran of Th« i 

Wrigbt wat thric" roarrii-<i. Hit flfi 
wife wru Dorothy Moor of W'iKgniliall 
Oermana in Nort'olk, Slie died in I(t62 with- 
out iaaue, and he married, ntcondlv, ^usan, 
dsogbler uf Matthew Wren [q, v.^ bishop 



Si 



tl w „ 



1 !«™ 





Wright 



127 



Wright 



of HIjr ; Kivl thitiilj', Anoe, dau^ter of Sir 
WilliaoB ScrOffp' [■!■ v. j, lord rlilef jiulin of 
EngUticl. IJy hu fncoBil wife be liait four 
duiffhtam and on» raa, Robtin, fnthnr nt 
Sit Jamea Wriahl f|. v. ] Br hit third wifn , 
ti«> bad tknw daujilitiTa. Ilii portrait wiu 

E tinted bif John Kilujiu ItlBi imd engmvi-d 
y Robert White, 

JPomV Jadt** (if Borland, Tii. 3gO-( : Cnmp- 
:« Idrw of th« Cb»r Jiuticoc, ii. DA-lIT: 
QnaDgM'aBiiMr.HtKt. IT. .110: Mnotulii^'i lllti. 
«f Bftond; JUackiiitiw]]'* HihI.. uf iIib Kvmln- 
tin*, I8S4, pK 366-7t: yv»ofilie Nonhi.nl. 
Jaaaopp (Bonii'a StaniiiRl Libnirj), i. :l'J4-Ci 
Raeonla tif Lincoln'* inn, ll(9t), i. 268 : Hnirdn 
CoiTMp. (t;iini<leii »«.). ii.40, 7S; Dnir,v"iiSn(liilk 
CsIUtt'uiis in AJilit. US. I916U ft. -233, lU-S ; 
Bluneflald's Ulil. of Xorfolk. lAu.'!, >. »(a ; 
Bamal'a llin. of hit uwa Timn, 1833. iii. 32A; 
SlatP TrinlH, *.i. Howull, jl'u ISSS^TI. lii. 3fl- 
113. I88-5S4; Woolrj-cli's Momoir* of Ihe Life 
of Judge JrflHy», lS"i7; .[■■"•n'« CViurt of Kng- 
land dariiis ih-^ Siuitrlii, lSlil.ir.1I9 ; JoiimiiU 
of th« Hon** »f OxrimuD). i. HU. IS«. IS5 
MA ; PiU'tiamrnltrr lllat.iry. t. 11.39 1 Kennel ■ 
ColBpUlo Hid. of KnKlniid. 1700. m. 4(ift: 
TomiMudV U>ut.»;ii<' of Ki>i|-M>. I833i Ollicia! 
BMiim of Uomhent of I'srlinmont.] E. L C. 

WBIOHT, 9.\MI;KI. ( 16At-1740). dis- 
ivniinjc divine, cldi"*!. non of JBmea Wright, 
ifxs born at Iletford, Nottinshii.niihiri'. on 
30 Jan. leaa-S. His firnadfntli<-r, John 
Vr'riitht (if. 1 Feb. 1U8I o), wuB cduoilod 
at Tntiitj OoUeg*, Dubliu (udmitiL-d on 
'Ji Nov. ISSAibut did not icradiinti^): wav 
ordained by pm>hjl»rinni< (13 Aug. I'll'') tn 
til* chnptiirr of liillin^', pnriiih of Wignn, 
L«iiea*hirc: wax tinmlnntnd {2 OH. IK4<t) n 
■umber of the fourth pn'»byl«rinn claitii't 
of Lanouibirv : was i-jvc((k1 at the livHturiL- 
tioii, and froo) llii'i pri^uuhed at. Preii'ot. 
Hm father, Jnmea Wright (</. IliOt). vm 
educated nt Lincoln College, Oxford (It.. \. 
IflttP), and Mat[dal»nn Colkgn, Combrid^ 
(M.A. in Doofimbor 167S), but bf«ftniA nnn- 
confanniiitthrouab thii infliinnMof William 
Cotton, a vf^altliv iroom(uiter of Wortler, 
near SbelCelil, tcIiobs dauffhtirr Elinor (if. 
169lt)) be niarriMiI. lie prpacbed ut Atttir- 
ctifi^ anil lEi^ifnril as a aoireooformist. 

l^n rarlr an orphnn. Wricht '»"ii» hrniig^hi 
tip in hii molhcr'i family, who sent him to 
bnonlinfi wibooU nt AttcfplitTp, ncnr Wjicf- 
lield. and Darton, near Wnliufii-ld. In IGSW 
he taUmd the uonEunfonninl academy of 
'Hniotfav JoHie fq. v.] at .\ttf^rcliflV. Leav- 
ing in |7(U, ho'bRcarae chaplain at Ilnigli, 
I^uicnahirr, to hif uncle, Cotton, on whoM> 
drslb be n-piiirwl to another iincli?, Thomiw 
CtJtton (lOuS-1730), pn>»bji(!ri(iu tninitter 
nt Drott Street, Bloomiburr. For n Jhort 
time he was cbaplain to ' ihu Xadv r<uMiin(ih 



Lort 'at Tumbam flrtcn, preaching alio iLe 
Sunday uveniojf k^cturc nl Dvott Slrwt. , 
Id 1701") lie woj chontii owiilnnt to Itenja 
min Grogveuor [q. v.| at Crosby SquapSiT 
and undwrlooh in addition ( 1706) a Suudav 
eviinina lecture at .St. Thomo*'* rhapel, 
tteuthirark, in conjnnction nith llarman 
Uood. On tlic death (2!i Jnn. 1708) of 
Matlhcir Sylveiler [q. v.], ho ncwpriwl tho 
cfaaTgu of ' a handful of p^plo ' nt Mecling 
IlouM Court, Knij(htridfT Street, and was 
onUincd on Ifi Atiril: his 'confiniMOU of 
fnith ' i« nppondea to ■ The iiliiiivterial 
Office' (170M. fivo), hy Daniel WilUnnw, 
[q. v.] liii miniitry wru very rucc.iwiful ; 
the ui<.i:tin;--houBc wan twice oiilarged, and 
had the honour of being wrvckcd bv the 
Saclievcirvll luob in 1710. lie won elected 
a Siindnj' leciurvr at Little 8t. Helen's. 
Ilia Cnlvmintic orthodoxy waa tiniinpcBch 
able, but, ptohably influenced by OroavenOf, 
betook {17IU)tlio aide cf non-«iih«eiHption 
at tbe Solten Hall conference [>en Bimii* 
BCBT, Thomas], He contributed nlio M 
the ' Ocr;a»i<)ual Pawrs" (l~IO-l») [.we 
Avert, Hkkjaiiix], the or^an of whig di*- 
iient. Ilia popularity eiiff^reil uo diminu- 
tion, lie wna cho«on (17:^1) one of the 
Satten' Hall lecturer*, and elected (1724) a 
trustee of Ur. Williami'* foundations. On 
1 May 17l.'U the dlplomtiuf U.U. wiuitrniiled 
to him by I-Miiibu));h Univunitv. In 17:1:.' .T 
he hod a sermon d'-balL- with Thouuis Mole 
(</. 1780) on the fiiundalioa oS virtiie,«hich 
Wright could trnoo no higher tlian to the 
divine will. .K mm- meciing-hoiinv' wn* built 
for him in Curti^r Lune, Uocton* Coiumons 
(oi>eued 7 Dec. 1731: ruinovud in 1880). 
Among protaslaut dimcntern he ranked 
aa a preabylsi^an 1 his iiill expluim hi* 
mtpnmtiou fVom ' t.lio eoi)im'>ii pll^:lcbiaI 
worxliip' as an act of tenlce to 'eailiotic 
cliriiitianity.' Ui« detirery was striking ; it 
in Mid that Thomas Herring [^liV-j (nftor- 
wrarda BTchhiihiip of t'auterbiirj) crftiTii at- 
leoded his eeri'ices, aa Bamplrs of cHeciive 
utterance {Proti-ftant DiMrnttr'n Magaiinr, 
1798, p. 326). Ilitcommunioii services vikk 
romoriEable for their fervour, nod he wa« a 
■edulou* pa«tor. II iig]ii>< iidmits a 'particular 
turn of temper ' wliich wiunoi always agree- 
able. The mliric vemui (173ii.''| descrildng 
Loudon disdentiiig ditiiies "pen with thci 
lioM: 

Bt-hold hnw pnpu! Wright wilh loiOly pridi- 
Dircrls hi* ItHUKtity ey 1, til rilbiir xiilu, 
Uiruii (iinh liTB ilrjclriiu' with impenons nod. 
And fmuj^ht wilb pride (!i1>irea»s «'cn his Gnd 

(ftoiettant Dlttfnter't Afai/a:iiir, 1788. p. 
.'il i : iVufw and Queries, 1 1 .^jav ItUiO, p. 1o< : 
Cinslian Ufe, 10 Sept. 1809, p, 439). Jotra 



Fox (16e»-]763) [i|.v.l MJ-* be ' boiv tlie 
vharactar of • raan at «cnic ui<l a polit« 
prMLCli«r, knd oncwhn piil a propi-rrajup on 
tlia tblUtie*' (Mont All/ tirvoailoiy. Itl^l, [). 
I93). Doddiidgci crc^iu Iiim m a sennoD 
writer wilb ' greal Him[ili<;itv rdi) svfiil 
•okmnity ' I ICurfc.. 18(M. v. 4^2). ThomM 
Nowmnn (KJlta-l'i-S) [q-t-J hbs bis hjuJb- 
iiinl iind siici'e**ir, Afti-r lonR illni-u, he 
diivl oil 3 April 174B, nnd weis burird in llic 
Koiilli uitrl'i or Ktnki' Nvwiiigtoii cburcli, 
wlierc i* a I.ntin ia'«ctiplioii (by Huglit*! to 
hid iniToory. l''unc'nvlBeriii'>nswBrepfescliiil 
b>'liisl)rr'ihi!r-iii-lavf,0b«'li(iLIIiiBbe8[i),v.], 
und .lahii Miliii^f of PeckliBm, llii porErnil, 
in Dr. \\'illiBiiifc'* I,lbriirT|rnpTiviiigiii Wil- 
«oii). it out of ill" f"W portrait* i)f diiKTiI- 
iiiR diviriM veaind in ihu St'irtlinl] Joctor's 
ftowii. lie mmriod (l"!") '''<-■ widow (if Syl- 
veitlvr, lii» iirrdi-ot-Miir, diiuglitur of ricorge 

QuttW r*l« UIldlT IlUGUU, OlttlllAll], dud 

LaiMMUe otii- duuf-btw. 

Ihijilii-a [;ivtis alist(rpviMd by Wilson) of 
forty-tlirei' piililicftiif>n» by Wrii(bt (nnnrly 

all mTinolwl, (t^diiiK llint 1il- publinlipd iPVi'- 

ml niioiiymfU' [liMiw. Tin.- inoot iiomlilc 
nru: 1. 'A I.iltk- Treatise of boiiijj Boni 
Aeaiii . . . l-'tmr Serin oua,' ITl-l, l2mo; l"l.b 
edil. insi, lUnio. 2. 'A Trpnii^j on tbu 
Dfccilfuluwsof Sin,'1736,Svo. 3. 'lliiman 
Virtue*,' tT9<1.8n>. 4. 'Chnritv in all ila 
nnnnbiV 17!11,8to. R. 'The (Ircat Concern 
of Human Life," 1732. 8vo: Srd edil. 1733, 
8»o. He was one oft lit' t'lintiuuators oflbe 
UDrini«b«i(l crnninKnlory "f MaUb»w IlMiry 
[q. v.], bi« pari bciiiH St. Jaiu<.V« K|'i8tle. 

[Funeral "priiion* by Huij''" *"d by Miln*r 
(uninipormnt) ; Culamy'" Aivimal. I'lM, |i. 4imL 
Calaniy'K ("onlinnntion. 1727. '•>. 6IH ; fninmyV 
Own Uf; IH30, ii. 483; Lifp. by J[c»hua] 
T[ouljniD|. in Prot»i.*.nt Diiacimor'* Xiunilnr, 
liOS. p. 311; I'lilaiT" X(iiirthiir"riiii»t'» Mmiio- 
rial.tSOi ii. .1A3: WitBon'" Di«»i-iilinaClmrclir» 
Id Loudon, IHoa i. 31!!, ii. 130. 1814 iv. 358. 
377 : Hoppiia'n Momoir. jirclix<«l lo ropriiit i>( 
Carter I.*ne >crm')n. IMfi; CaUlogun of Kdin- 
bansh OrtKlualr*, I8^S. p. 241); Hiall's C»a- 
frrvgiitioaiiltHiii in YDcltthiro. 18G8. p. 3<A : 
.iMdlny's Pri'sbjiliTuiu Fund. ISSft, p. VIS; 
Foks."c» Alumni Oxoh. ia00-17l«.J A. 0. 

WRIGHT, THOMAS (A 162-1 ?), Romnn 

cotholiccotilcovcrsialisl, waiordninad priMC 
tQ tba tvigu <t( Qlidnn Mary, and Iwcamc one 
uif tbe rendrnt of diTiniiy in ilie Kngliah 
College at Donav at tbe t ime of ila founda- 
tion in IMS. It i* aaid ibal Le bad |>r<" 
tioualy tauj;lit ibeulogy and Hebrew at. 
Milan, and bad idwbo^n prcfeMOrofcJivintty 
bolli iuSuainani] al l.oiivnin. Ilngradiiatt'd 
D.D.. and wBn'alway* regarded no one of 
theabk'M divines and controveni»U of Lik 



time." la 1577 he was labooriajt upon tiM 
miui'-in ill Vorkaliire, and waa aoon after^ 
nardii (">roinill«d u ft priaoaer to York 
Cb>i1p, vbnro be tingagiJ in a coofHcenm 
wilt] Dean llut.lnn and uiaat otber (UvioM 
of ibe churcli of Knglanid. tin «m« ' loMtd 
about from piuon to primn till 158-1, wbea 
be was xliipiied off at HiiU, and (cut into 
banijihmeol. H« took refuge at tha Kngliab 
Colle^of Douay, tbeo temporarily mnartd 
to lUicimi, was vice-pr«Mdeut fbraonui time, 
and was afl<<m-nrda mada dean of Courtny. 
In )0£!2 ho wa.1 at Antwerp, wbero Marco 
Aotouio di! Dominia [q. v.j, arcbhiabop of 
Spatalo, repealed Muk bim the rrcMitBtioo 
of prolc«tauli»Di formerly iiia<lo (o ibe pnpa'a 
nunrinnlDrua«ie1s. Wri^lit died about 161:4. 
Wright has hf en very doubtfully crndiinl 
with sevurat rrliginus tracts, wbtcn are aaid 
to liavi! been piiblished anonytnoudy, bat 
bu baa beflu tDucb i-unfused by biblio^phtn 
witb other writera of ibe time of hi* name, 
and no liM of his works can bi> ji^t-en urilb 
confidoncn. It is probab1>> tbal be waa 
author of' (V<rtaine Arl.iein> discovering ibo 
Palpable Absurdities of ihn Prnteslanta Ro- 
ligiou"fAnli\'eq., 1600],and'TheSubgUn« 
of the l^ird'a Supper' (1610. 12mo). TTia 
flret of t.besu wua aniwervd by Kdward 
Rnlkeli^y in * An Apologia for ibe Relinon 
establisbnd in Ibf Church of Eiielaud, B«-- 
ing an .Answer lo a Pamphlet brT.wrriattl* 
(liJO-J). 
To another THO>iA»WiiH!rit(iJ. ie04>,a 

KAigt of Henrj- Wriolbesley, third rarl of 
ulhamplou [q' V,], who hail inrnllcd in 
llaly, mii^t be aacribed 'ASucciootPhtkiso* 
phirnll Depkraiion of the Nature ofClyaiM- 
tericnll Yi-eres, occajiioned bv tlii? Deiatli of 
(Juceiii^ Kliinbeth. Written ty T. W[ right]. 
J'rinied for T. Thorpe,' I xind'on, ImU, 4ta^ 
and 'Tlie Pooiions oftlie Minde in gener 
By Thomaa ^Vright,' London, IBOl, 4t 
which reappeared in 1601 'oonvcled, 
larged, and with auodry Dewdiscounea aag 
mditcrd,' and was re'iaauod tn Kt^l and 1( 
This worif was dedlcatad to Southampton !l 
the hu|)e thai he may bi' ' delircrvd from il 
ordinate puniionn,' and liad commmdab 
verses by B. I. [? Ben Jonaonl. .\oothor 
Til oj II as Wright, SI .A., of Petprliouse, Cam- 
bridge, issued in IIS8A • The Glory of Qoda 
lUmig* against the Ittoody and Detesubl* 
Sins n? Munher and .Adultnry' (LoodoOt 
Bvo). 

[Dudd's Chnreb Hist. ii. 91. SSl ; RmokIi «f 
iha Engtisb Cntholica, i. 4 17.] T. C. 

WRIGHT. THOMAS (Jt. JT*0-17eO> 
author of ' Louthiaiia,' is stated to be ' 
Durham' (Bri/. 3in». Cat.) Hi* ptibliab. 



-writingn uv: 1. 'The Use of tlip Olobos, 
Lflt the 0(«enl Doctrine of Uie SpWrr," 
an. 1740, Svo. i. • CIsvik C«1mU>, hty 
I tli» Explication of ■ Din^m ent.itulird 
^ynopsiaof ibe UDivntUR, or (lu.- Visible 
'orld cpilomiiiwl,' Londiiji, 174S, -llo. 
' ]>oiilfiinnn, or an Iwroducliuii tu llie 
itiqiiitiiv of JroUiul in upwards of niii^Iy 
7i«w* mul I'laiis, rfprvs-fiicidp wild Ki- 
^Uii»liuiis tliL- priiu-ipal liiiln-, CiirinuliM, 
and Antieul Dwullingf^ in rlin ('ounr; of 
Loulh,' irith a porlmit, I>oiidnn, 1749. ila ; 
a MCond editinii, with foaia few nAAitH-'aa, 
Ijoadon, 1768, S ptn, 4lo. i. ' Aii Urigiiial 
TlinoTT or New lij-polhesif of llie L'uiiffrM 
tfoundril upon Iku Lnivs ofNaturv.'Lonilon, 
17iiO,4iu. Auediitouof this work WOK puli- 
liahtd tu Philadelphia, with noUf hv 0. 
Iteltae«qu«, in 1887. 

[Brit. MiM. Cat. ; Alliboac * D\H. of Engl. 
tliUl D. J. O'D. 

WBIOHT, TflOMAS (ITfiL'-lfUO). 

«n^T(ir nnd pi^rlmlt-pnintRr, woi Iwrn nt 

BiraaiogliBin onilMnwh 1732. ,\ftt'r •sTring 

ipptuntiecshipnith UfnrvMi-yer'<j.v.]hii 

'ked for four TivtrB us aasistOiiit loV> ilhani 

' Thomas Fry 'q. v.], for whom he "tigrnvod 

the popular plate of PrtDoeMS Chnrlnrtn mid 

I^J^incclieopold in n box nl lV>vi>ni: (iardnn 

lieSlrO. Ahnllt 1^17 lie bcffim to pruc7)ii« 

depvndcntl; n% n ■ I ipi'U'-v fibril lur, and 
to Connd pDiptDvuiL'tit in Inkiiit,* portraila 
pencil and miainlur'-. Wriglil became 
much wucicisteil with (1m<f^ Dawc fl- *-}■ 
irboBD sillier lie luarnpil, aini in ](t'2i fol- 
loved him To Si. Petertbiirg in riiijimto his 
Mller^ of porlrailn f( UlUkinn KrncrnU: 
UMro be klso rxi-ciilcd a finc! pliiti' of ihr 
EntptforAlRxandnr^ nnd nnotht-mf iheBm- 
pmu Alrxandm with b^r children, both 
■firr Dnwe. on acc'uunl of which he received 
diAmoiid rings from members of the roysl 
fuDil^ and a gold medal from the Ving if 
I'riiHeia. Wright n:^MlmRd to ICiigland in 
|!*i''i, and diirinff i.hi» npul four vimra wn» 
employrd upon liic plnt'ii to Mrs. Jnn!Pi«in'» 

• Benutiu of the Court of I'hnriM 1 1,' which 
corutiliJte bin best work : nl*o upon Bomo of 
ihu plats tu the folio edition of Lodgr'9 
' Portraits* la IKiO be agniii wriit (o 
KuMia. and remained for Hneen vean, work- 
lag Dsdortho patrnnagi* of the tviiirl. Th«m 
bo puWUhod n iprii't of portrnif* cntiilnd 

• Lm (Jontcmporaini Itniani,' drnwii nnd 
Mitr***"^ by him*flf. Un linnllv Ic^nrinjt 
Kl. Petemburg A\'riffht prxtscnttMl a com- 
plete collection of iuiprvesiotia from hia 
plates, numbering aboil I 300, lo the llemiit- 

Bie Gallery. Tie died in fieorge Street, 
anoYor Squaw, London, on So Mnrch 

TOL. LXIII. 



1840. He was • member of the aeadpoiieii 
of Si. Petersburg, Florvnoe, and Stockholm. 

[Itfi(Igniv«'s Did. of Artlols; Rout. Mng. 
I8t9, it. 31 1 ; AliienHuiii. UtO.] F. M. O'U. 

WBIOHT, THOMAS (1789-1875), pri- 
nun philaiithrupiiit, «*■£ burn al Manchester 
in 1 1 8(1. h is fat her beiiij; ■ Sculunan and 
liismoiher a Maflchett«ir woman. He re- 
ceivpil hi* education at • W<«l«TaD Sundsj 
Kchool, nnd whrn fifteen jcars old was 
apprenticed to on ironfoundor, ultimately 
becorainjf forMOBii of the foundry ut 3/. loi. 
a wevk. In 1817, after a tr^vi jeurs of in- 
diQerencu to relij^ion, he joined the coogre- 
^lionalists, *iid was deacon of the chapel 
in (jroav-nnor Street, Piccadilly, Manchester, 
from l><2-5 lo ihu tnd of hi* life. Amonff 
the Inboure.r* in the lame worluhnp with 
him wii n disthargeil convict, whom he 
Hsved from dUmLuiil bv depositiof; IK)/. for 
the man's )(uod behaviour, Thia circum- 
slaDce directed his alleiition to the reclama- 
tion of dischpirgcd prisnimr*, and about 1838 
hn obtjiini'd perniiwion to viiit the Salford 
priKin. At lie wan nt woric ol tlir foundry 
from five in th« moruiuK until »tx in tho 
eveuiiip, be could apeiid only hi» evftiinjia 
and his Sunday uftemooiis nl the priion, 
wlier« he becanie ih" Tnisied friend of the 
inmatiu, for lftrgi» nnmh''ri of whom i>n tbeir 
rcloase he obtained hon'^xt cmploymcnl, his 
poraonnl ((unrunti:a bein^ given in mnny 
eaao*. The value of his laboum wu» inndo 
public hy the rvportt of the prinoa tusjieclora 
and chapjaiiia, and he whs ulTered the post 
of government travelling inspector of prisoni 
nt a salsrv of 800/. Thi* ho declined, on 
tho ground that if ho wnr* nn ollieinl h>> in- 
fliienco would be IcMenod; but in 1K5l* ho 
accepted a publlt; teilimonial of 3,346^, in- 
eluding 100/. from the royal bounty fund. 
Vith ihia sunt an annuity etjiial to ihii 
amount of his wap<8 was purchased, and be 
was enabled to give up his situation at the 
foundry and dnvnle all hia time to the 
m mill rntion of eriminnln. For »om^ years 
he attended n'.'nrly every unfortuniitewpcteh 
that HUB executed in Kngland. 

Mr. u. F. Watlti presented his picture 
of the 'Good Satuuritau' to the corpo- 
ration of Mnnchfster in May 180*2, 'as a 
testimony of his high e*Ienm for tbe 
oiemplnry nnd p«i»nwortliv chnnicter ' of 
Wriglit. .Another oicture, 'I'lieCJondomncd 
Cell,' eoDlftininit Wright'* portrait, wna 

Eainted hv CharleB Meruier, and prcaeuteil 
y Bubacrihers to the corporation of IiOudciu 
iu Jul^v ISfiC. Another prjrlrait by Mercier 
was given lo lhi> SnlfordMiitieiim. A fiill- 
lenglh porlrail by J. I>. Wntinn, pniuted in 



Wright 



130 



Wright 



1 



Ibi'A, w«a prnwDUil to Wriglit, luid left- br 
LLm u ilii' TtiitiaE junUudttH EJelfordpriaoD- 
i&Ofit tlx^ dvmulition of tluL building it Uss 
bMD ]iUcptl ill (lie comnuUee-room of 
Strnngcnnva priiXMi, MuicbMUr. 

VVriRhc K"*^ ■nfiidoncn befoni Rrlaet eon- 
niittum of the llauae of Cammoni in 1^2 
ou criuiin&l mid dMtitute juvvnika, nnil in 
IHM on publio-LoiiMS. }iv nta n Drumour 
of the rolbniiAtorT al BlnckliMi', aud worktMl 
on hobnirof tho Itn^ ■' ICcfiiKe,ili« Sbueblnck 
Kngaiie, and tbn ram^l ncboola of Manchi*]f- 
tvr nnd Snlford. He ww ctrougly in farotir 
of coiupulwirv iiiuuntion. 

VVnyhl di(?d Hi MaucbextFT on 14 April 
I87"\ (iiid w** buried in lliu churelivHm of 
nircli-in-ltiiAtiolnic. ni> WM twice married, 
nnd hnd iiin>'tiu<n childn-ii. 

[ Mi^Dprmid'i Lifo of Wright, 1!7C, with 
pholoi{r»ph portrait ; Ch nni lam'" K<i in i>. Journal, 
1-J Mny 1840. p. MO; Housi'Iiold Wonl». 
MHrdi }«6i, p. iSS; Onpbi«. SUajr ISTd 
(porlmit).] C. W. a 

WBIOHT. TnOMAS(18lO-187T).Miti- 
[U>Ti', irna Wrn nl. 'IViibury in ShrojMluKtin 
~ April ll^lO. lliEfallivr'* family bad long 
bv«ii iwUtcd at BrnilfofiJ in Vorltihini, wliere 
ihcj bod bcL'ii fUfiiRi'din tliemnnufncturnof 
brondelulL. Ilis^rundfutlier.TbuniuBWnitlit, 
nbo for msnv year* uL'ciiuipd n siilHlantial 
fnnnhoiii') unlink! Lower ItUciip, nl Birkvn- 
vhuiT, ri'^nr Itnulfnrd, 1rn.11 a mipporUir of the 
Wcjb^vriTi iiifi bcidi»lii of tho aiat.rict. He 
knew John W'ciilfy nnd John i''lntrh(rr of 
Miuli-luy, and enguftpd in thmldjfipiil con- 
Iruveny wilb Sir Hii^liard Uill. His cliiirf 
jiitblicedoa u'S8 a uliric ptwui in defirnta of 
ArmiiiinniHu OTtilW A Modern Fuiuili&r 
Itcli^ioua Convcnation' (liMds, 17~8i 2i)d 
edit. im-J). He died on 30 Jui. 1801, 
baviuK mnrrit'd twicu, and luavlng n family 
vf ibirteen obitdreu, Il«l«fl in nmnuacript 
ft ilfisiUd aiilobic^Tsphf Keabing down to 
\7in 1 ibia ira8 publlabed by bja grand»un 
tbo nnli(]uary in lKti4. under thi- title of 
* Autobici({fBoliy of 'I'boran* Wrlgbt of 
Birkcuabuw. 

Tbo oiiliniiary'ii fatlipr, ntao ThonuM 
Wrigbt, was apprenticed Id a tina of bosk- 
•ellen and printera at Bmdfurd, and liually 
obtained employnienr witb a drm carryiug 
oil tlie tamn buainoM at Liidlow. He com- 

Iiilnd 'Thn HId.ciry nnd Antiqiiitii'a of l.iid- 
ow" (I'm! edit. lS2ti). He wna alwajs in 
E)or oirfumstoucM, and died of vbolon nt 
Irniiitghutu, 

TIk- aiiiiquary waaeducftttil at Kiag VA- 
nard'n irrnmraaT echool at Ludlow. HiH 
(oal for lii-«rary rwwiirch allowed itself in 
early youth, aiid attrnctod tho attention of 




a wull-Io-dii Mitlbbour nniaed tluicbi 
wlin d»fr*y«d tfae axpensm of bia ndDCKtias' 
■t Catnbrid^. Ilo wa* admitted to aaixar- 
•hip at Trinitv Oollcgii, CaiAbridgc, on T J olj 
leaO, Wbew'oll U-iug bin tutor: he rf*^ 
duaiM B.A. in IMt ami M.A. in lt>37. 
Wbi]e an uudergnduaie he contributed an- 
liqnariaD articlf* to ' Frawr'*,' ibo ' Gtmll*- 
man'a,' and otlitir mnitBiinea. He eaiDo to 
know John MiicliL-11 Kcmbic [q. v.\ who to* 
duoid him to dcvota hiinwtf to Anj^to-Saxon, 
and be tanned a lifelong frieudalun nitb a 
y<>uiig«r aiuileiit, Jaiiutt Orolucd llaliiwsll 
(nlWwanla IlHllivi('ll-['bUi^)[q.v.^«itli 
whom be rollaUirmod contuntly in UlCT 
yean. Thn rbicfUlioiirafliiaaadeigtadiiat* 
lif«wa«ancbibomt«'Hiaton>andTopaffTapb7 
of Emu,' which he nuuiviled toundrilaku 
by ibe Luodoti publulier George ^'irtue. It 
formed one of a aerint of topograpliicsl cooo- 
pilatjons icbicb bad l>«en in«ugiini«d bv • 
' lliatoryof Kenc'froRi thi-penof liuiSfaalro- 
apnanMin forgvr H«nrv Irrland f(M uhW 
Ihbuxd, liAXtiKi.1. \Vnt(bt'a 'Miatorj of 
Eosex* was iavuefT in furtwight moutbly 
paiu between l^t and Iv3(i. It waa iUua- 
irated wiib a buiidred plates, and tlw con- 
plated work was pnbliabad in two deDi7 
quarto volume* in 1836. Tbu work waa 
bmtrd on Moront'* * HUlonr,' but Wi 
■utiplit-d much HRW topugmpuioal, liiab 
and biugnipbical in format ion- Ilebad 1 
corrMpuiidenta in lb>? county, but bei 
to have rarely TiHi(i<d it bJniAelf. 

In iHaa ^^ right lr<rt ('ambrid>rc to wlt]« 
in Li^ndnn. tin mon tookabousnat Ilromp- 
ton, and for mtarly forty yean plied bis pen 
unceasinfflv. HvrecovurMfrom muuuichpt 
and priiitod for the lir^l time uiaiiy valustM 
historical and litvmry records. Mnchof bit 
work we* b»«lily executied, and errors abound, 
but hia pnthn*ia,<m nnd iniluatry wore incs- 
banatibln. At dnl hia clforta wnre nainlj 
confined to mediwalliteratunk In ISSOan 
aiitbobi^- of 'Early Engl t«h Poetry .'prepwed 
bv Wngbt. n-av insued iu black letter far 
WiDisni I'ickeriug [q. vA nitb ptvfacesana 
OOtea, in 4 vols. tq. l2mo. At the aUM 
time ho naa givinfc murb aid to the Frcoi^ 
mediiBTal achokr Vmnciaque Michul in hia 
reaoarcbea. In IS^iS Michel and lua tiienA 
Iteiiaudi^ni iaiiued iu Paris a FreuL'h Imus- 
lation of a aketcli by ^^'right of Early Eng- 
lish literature j this they entitled 'Coupd'onl 
•ur lee Progr6s et niir r£tat a«u«l da 1b 
Litti!ratur« Anglo.^'na^onnir en Anglrtetre.' 
Wright'a original ICnGliah vi-rsi on wu issued 
■nl83». Iu 11^35 Michel and Wriffbt oom- 
bined Iu produce 'Ualfridi de MoneaatlU 
Vita Merliui: Vie de Merlin aunbn^ k 
Geofftoy de UunmouUi.' Xbere followed 




Wright 



'3» 



Wright 



imni''')i4li.-lv Wriglit'H * Earlv Unt«riF9Bud 
oiticr L«itii Pmou of tlii> Twi>inii nwl Tliii^ 
tMtiHk CMiiiiriM,' sail si iIr- mii>« period 
lia Hupfiliml mnnv of the hiMorii^sl iKKfHp- 
tioiw to Ia' Koiii's' AlrainrinU of ('nnihnile<>.* 
On 16 Not, IKt? Wright wm i-l.>pii:ii a 
fvllow of tile Society of A rifiqunrifi. l)f Ihi; 
■evpr Irlvrirviocivticivbicbputiioiiitnbvini; 
in litftM tod folio urinfC j«an, Wrii-lit. liki? hi* 
tni-nA ilalliir^U, was an in(l«<ratig»bliMiii[i- 
povter. He wa« loi^ tba faonoisrr wcreisiy 
of tbo Oundcn Roeiotv fh>in it* Wnilniion 
IB 1638, ud bo pditfJ for it : ' Allit^Mtim 
IVwni on the Deposition of Hichord It' 
(1838>: -TIiH Poliiicnl ikmgt of England, 
,'OTonlIiP Kvi^nofJubnliilbatof Kdtvnrdll' 

IleaO); 'Tti-Laliii Pui-mscouiuioDlv ntlri- 
utAd to Walrw M*p««' il"^!!); "'XniTa- 
tivc of the Pmrnn^iag* ^ga'aiM Dsini* jVlic' 
Kytderfor Sotwry in 13a*'(!843): 'In- 
tern rttlnting to tht- Supjirejoion of llonniili^ 
riw' (li*13); 'Maiiu dc Xuffi* L'umliiitn ' 
(I8A0>, -Ito, and ' Cliiiruliir>n)«uH' Accotinta 
of tbo TowD of I.udlow in Sbroiwbin', from 
-IMO to Ihn l-^d of llio I{«i^ of Qu<wa 
l£litnbc[h'll^^l.4to. 

For Ibo I'enr Socielj-, fonniicd in 1^1, of 
wtucb h* vfBJtlr(«Hurer mid Hvn-tnry. Wright 
fdit«il Sn^en piihlications. infliiditiff ' Politi- 
nlBalladapuMisht^ inKn^fland diirinH the 
Ci>mnaoowi'a1tb'(l8in: ' SptH^imt-ut ni'old 
Cbrintoiiut C'aroU, chieHv lah«<u fn^ui Manu- 
•en|it KonrcM* (IMI); * Spe<-iiui>ns of 
lijnc I'orlrv eijiapoMd in Knxlnnd in t.li<> | 
B«i$n of E'dward I' (|1M:?| ; * A ColW- , 
tion of liKliD Slurii's. ill lilt rati VI- of tlin i 
IlintorT of Fit'lioii during the Middle Aki".*, 
fimn Miuiiwepijusof tbcTliirlfpnthundFour- j 
(n^ib Oiilun™' (l^ilSl; ' The Sfven Ap-* \ 
[lia KuKliih Vcrw, l'di^^"l(l fr>-ini iiMftniismpI in 
IVWic Jihrnry ofthc IfnivomilyofCMn- 
idjEe'M8ri),wj(bnn'IntrodiictorTFwny' 
(iBMHi! H««ts'«'['n-rtimoofrien«ure'(IS4&), 
■ttd C^uncpr's ' Cant^biiry Taluii,* a ni'w i 
tot. with illtiMnlire noti-s (vols. i. and ii. 
I&J7, vn). iii. |k'i| ; rriMiM'd in u siii^lu ' 
Tr>lnni<^, ISM, and in Cooke's " Tniversal 
imiT/ISIT). I 

"or s dhort-liivd IliMoriral Society ofi 
BCC, fonnwl by Halliwell nnd hiranclf, i 
tTrighl^eililvdfin ItHl,' I'ojmliir Treiiii»r( on | 
^eace, writl«u dut^nc the Middle Arcs, in I 
Saxod, Anflo-NoruiHD, and Enftlisli-' ; 
rtJiirlEoynlHocielTorLit'-raliirvWriKlit 
dertook a tnoro ambiTionn worlc, n ' Bi<>- 
in Britannien LitPrarin; or llio|n'nphy 
jittfrary Churactuni of Clfeot Rrilnin :ind 
Tivluid, amut^ in (*hrunolof^i-nl Ordnr.' i 
ItWMintmdedtucBrrytlieunilertakinirdqwn 
tn IHIO, bill only two votumn apiieared. one : 
dealing irilb 'Tb« Anglo^asou Period'' 




(IHttS), uud ihi^ ulher ii.-itfa 'Tho Anglo- 
Nnrmnn lVr>.«l' 0^8). 

For t he SbakitBiiMiyi iwipty Wtigtit nlitod 
'The I'liMlor Pfayn' <IRlS-7, 3 toU. «r<.); 
and for thcCnxton Society (:iy>£r[i-yl!ainiar'« 
' Anglo-Nonnan Metrical ChronicU! of tbo 
A[i^lu->Stuon 8oDg«: prinlid for th« lim 
lin>««nliTC; with Appendix, panlainiag tbo 
l<ny of llnrrlnli tliu Dane, tht> Lvgiend of 
Kmwulf, and l.ifit of Ilcroiranl theSuoB* 
l,18«>, Bvo). 

.Meuiiwliilu hii collnborntinn with Halli- 
««ll pro'luced ' Heliciuiin Antiquir: 8eran 
frotn A ncieul Mnuuscriptc. illuntrnlins Uwly 
Kn^Iihb I.iiFTiitiire atnl the BngliaC Lan- 
Kiin(ie' ( l.-*:ill-W. 2 roU. &vo; iv'lwaied 18«, S 
voU-Cto|. Tngf-tliT. lno,thf>Fr>?nd!i^ili>d<ea 
Eumbirrs of n inoiithlT pmodicnl rnlli^l 'Th^ 
ArvliiL>ulc)Kiiit and Joitrnul of Anliijtinnan 
Sci^UFe' (:?<?pleiuber ll^ll Juiio 1843). 
IIalli>^'l^ll ackijunlt'df^d jfreiil aaiintmiM 
from Wright in preparing his ' Lhclionanr 
of Archaic and i*mviiici»l Wofils ' (IfllS)) 
and they wrrn nvowrdly joint cKliton of iha 
rBTtied edition of Nnm^ 'Glowary' (ISAD). 

Intimacy witli tin; nnnninir FmJifricIt 
William tairholt [q.r. | led Wriffht In pr'>- 
dupe in partuership wilb him an iiiierR»tin|i 
wrip* ot illii^lnited volumes. In Itvlh tlwro 
ripprjiird ' Kn^laiid iittdtr ll»- 1IuU"e uf llaii' 
ovi-i": its lliiliiry nnd Cntidition during llw 
lieiKni of th« Three (ieorg«, ilhiiimtud froin 
the Cnricnlurc* and the Saliroi of th« Day, 
with I'urtnut* and 300 Cnricaturi!*, lloai, 
and Woodcuia engmved by F. \V. Fairholt, 
F,S.A.'(2voIi.8to; JndKlil.l^d: 3rd edit, 
lew;. To llio iiaiTin claM of rompilatioti be- 
loiij^pd WrigUr* ' lliiiiorj ofCnricAtutv and 
(IruieKjue in I.itc-ratiintand Art, with IIIiia- 
Intliuns from vnrioun »o!ir<*» ; dmwn and 
engrired by F. W. Foirbolt. Kiq.. F.S,A.,' 
l>oiiduu. l>*6&. tta. 4to. With K. JI. FTnn« 
he aUo wrole furBoIm'a library au 'Ilivlurical 
and DeKriiirivo Acconni of ibe 0*ric«turFs 
of .lames Itillray ; comnritin^n I'oliiira) iinil 
Hiimornuti History c.f the latter pari of 
the Keisn of Ot-ortr" ill' (London, ](s>l, 
Hva). Wrt^t IiilMequently developed this 
eauy iulu ' Tliu Worka of Jnmei (iillray the 
Cnncat iiri»l i with a Histiwy of his Life and 
1'im^A,' with four bundivd illiulralious, 
I^ndon. Ifl7», 410. 

VVrifrbt'* indcpendoot work of thAjwrind 
included: 'Ijuccu Kllinboih and hnrTimi-a; 
n SeriuKof Orii^innl Iiellem selected from th« 
iiiediled private Ourreapundcnce of Lord 
Biirnrhley. th<> Earl uf Leicwler. and uthera' 
(l.'iNdoii, ]!|>33,"J vote, 8*0, with verv slender 
iiomnnMitary) ; 'The Ilielory of LuJlow nud 
ila Ncijthhoiirhoiid ' (Svo, part i. ISJl, pnrt 
li. 1*13, in I Tol. 1852); ' AiiiobioBfnphy 

Id 



Wright 



131 



Wright 




of JoMph Li(t«T of llradford in Yorlnhire* 
(1812,8vo>: 'St.I'otrii;V«rur(rntnrv; nuEt- 
naT on the Lt^giiiiiLt ul' I'liruat'tn'. Ilcll, su<l 
PanuliiM current ilurliig tlii- Middle Agt.-»' 
(1944, 8«o ; pnrlty writU-ri vrhvn hv wa* Rn 
OtldefgTAduni'') : Rn cililinn of 'TIk* VUlnn 
Uld tlin I'trfd or I'iiT* lloiiKlimnii,' edited 
wltli noto* knd n KlixmrT (1*4^,2 voU. 600 
copies: Ijndi'dtt.ivruli addition! to thc^nolM 
aiia gluMarv, in J. K. Smith'ii 'Library of 
Old Auilio'ni,' I^SIJ, 2 voia.); ' AuvcAota, 
Lil^rarta; n Cnlluclion of Shoil roems in 
ICnglith, Lnlin, nnd Fmnrh, illiiatntir* of 
tlif l,cti.Tntitrc and llinlorr of MnjclRnd in 
tlip Thittwntli (.'i-nturv. niiH morn eipffciiJly 

■>f tllP Cuiiditiuii Kiid MnnnErs o^tlIt^ JitfirrFUt 
ClaHc^ of 8oeii'ty ; edilivJ from MaiiuMTipIs 
Bt tlxfofil, I.onO'jn, Paris, and Ryrn^,' lyon- 
don, IW4, Syri, S'lO cop"'*; 'Tlic Archwi>- 
logii'-il Allium : or Miisniini of Nationnl An- 
tlniii<ii'i<. with UluKtnilionii by !■'. W. Knir- 
tiolt' (IH16, -Ito); nnd n colU-cticn of cim- 
tributiuiu to periudicaU. ' Euiit'p's on Subjpft.a 
connected wilL tbi" Lilvraturp, PojiulHr 
5n[>er>.iilii)ni>. und llietorv nf Kugland intbe 
MiddliA Abc« ■ ( l.'Me, 2 vols. »\-o). 

Wrijibt's indiwry gnvr him n widn ropii- 
lution. His friundnndnpinhbDiirnt Itnimp- 
tun, I''rBiti;oi>i tiiiixut. n'Foiiiuii-ndvd liim for 
fleclirai M It cum.'spondin^ luf mber of the 
Frencb tofititut. dei ArtJ^ i-t Sci'.'iicM, aod Ite 
wiLt ttdinitlod in 1^4^, in iiiicci'«)irin to ihe 
KnrI of Mimntflf. In IMH \\f joined IVtli- 
BTow. T. (Jrufton ('n>ker. nnd (iGnrk-n Ifoncli 
t^miib infoundinKtln' Britisb Artbmoloj(icnl 
Af-soi'iBliun, uTid continued to udvuneL' iti 
iiilerwl* until lie seceded in ItMO vritli Lord 
Allwrt CIonynglmm-Dciiii'on, afterwards ftf*l 
Bnron Londeiborou^th [<). v.], nnd others. 
TliL-ntpfcrtb hit devoted nmcli attention ti> 
nrtbu-olof^ieal eiploralion, and one of hin 
nKwt "iieceMfiil wiirhs was ' Tbe Ct'lt. tin-' 
Itnman. nnd ibn 8axon : s History of tlie 
Knrly InhnbitnnTi of Driljiin down to tlie 
CcMiTcrsjon of the Anftlo-Sninn* to Chris- 
tiauilv: Ulustrntvd bv tlie Ancient Uirmaini> 
broiijcnt 10 ligbt \ij rereiit Itctenrrh ' 
(1«.VJ, Svoi revised with additions. I'BtJI, 
»\-(t, lS7/i, IHA5*. Wright wa* an L-nlliu- 
Biaitie pedfutrinn, nnd hi-eoinhiiied liis walks 
with ar<.'1i.'i.-i>loHcii| exphirntion, Knlertain- 
iiig and valuable skulelieti of both nppnnred 
in 1S52-3 in ihe ' Gent lem una MnRiuinn,' 
and were colh-pied into a volume tinder tlii? 
title ' U'nndcrinB:* of nn Antiquary: ehieflv 
HjKin the Tracea of the J(oinnn« iu llrilaiu' 
(liil, 8vo>. It wa» largely nt Wright's 
persrasion thai Ilerinli BotHefd [q.v.] under- 
took ehysipunw of eicsvnliuR the site of Iho 
lioniiui city ai ^^'^o)^etM■. Tlip work wa« 
ronductird under Wright* direction id IttOit, 



knd he pubhahed in thu vMr on interwting 
•ccount of 'TheKuiuKof the Roman City of 
I'riraDinm at Wroietw. near Shrewsbury' 
(ISm, ]3mo: Tepiiblihhed as a ■ Gnide to 
Uriconium,' I8Sfl; a fullwwork on thr »nb* 
ject followed in IPT2. 

Wright'ii IbIkiuw were' not rennmerali»ie, 
nnd miicb of Uii auiiqau-ian work in middlti 
life waa luideitaken at I be «xp«BM of vmlthy 
patrooa. For Jaioes lleywood [9. tO he 
iTan^Bted'Statulro of King'aC'ollegr.Cam- 
bridKf. and Klon College,' IS,10, Svo: and 
he eilitcd ■ Ciimbridjre I'niveniiiy Ttwia- 
aclinn« dnriiig the I'uriiaa Comlroveniw of 
the Kixterolh and Sei-enlt-enth CVnturiee' 
(IM I, •> voU. 8vo). for which H<?y wood wrote 

1 he preface. At ibeexpeneeofJni^phMa^ 
[q, v.] Le produced 'A Vnlunieof Voenbulnrie* 
illustraling the Condition nnd MaDni-rsof our 
Forefather*, U Wnll on the Hiitorr of the 
Formit of Klomentiiry Edufntttm, and of the 
LanKuntit's spoken iu thin Island, from the 
Tenth Cenlurv lo the Fifteenth ; edited from 
MSS. in Public and l'ri™ie Collfloliona ' 
(Liverpool, 1W7, imp. 8vo, privately 
printen). A Mtrond voliime under the samo 
angpioei apn-.nrcd in 187^. .\ new vdiliou, 
edited by iVfewor Hichard Wiilckef. traa 
iiaued at Leipxif; in 18M ('2 Tols.) For faia 
friend Lurd Londesborotigk bo eon)pil«d 
'Miscellanea Graphica: ReproaftoUtioiia of 
iVncient, Mcdiicvnl, and ItRnniiuanco Kft* 
mniiiR in the pimieiuion of Lord l^nde*- 
borough ; tbn Ilistoricuil Int.ruduction by 
Thomas Wrijihl,' London, 1*67, 4lo. 

For varioua uieubers of tbe Roiburph* 
Club lie «>dilt'd 'Joann«« de Garlandin de 
Triiimpbiit F^clociRi Libri Octo: a Latin 
Poem (if the Thirteenth Onttiry." ISTifl, 4tu ; 
'Rongi' ond Balliidj,withol her Short Pocdu, 
cbit^llv of tho Heijtn of Philip and Mary: 
edited from a Manuscript in the AshmolMa 
Museum,' ISiJO, 4to ; and ihn • De Regimioe 
I'rincipiiiH ; a Poem by Thomas OcrtiiTe, 
writtnn in the Ueign of Henry IV; edited 
for tlin lir«t time,' tt*flO, ■llo. (.>n the ro- 
cominendoiiou of hi!> friend Ouisol, and at 
the n.'c]ut'9t of the nulbor, Wright translated 
very rapidlv in 18tJo-0 tho ICmpewr Napv 
le<jB> ■Vte'de Julos Cfear,' ISftS-fl, 2 toU. 
8vp. 

The ranrn important of Wridhi'slftlpil plii- 
lological or anliquariaii pnbliPBtiouB were: 
' Ksiarii on Are bito logical Subjects, tad on 
Various Queslions connected with tlie Hi*- 
lory of Art, Science, and Liiefature in tho 
Miildle Agea,' with ISO engrnfinea, 1M1, 

2 vnli. ^vo; nnd 'A History of DomMtie 
Manners and Sentiments in Bn^tland during 
the Middle Affes.' illuslralwl by upwards of 
three hundred ungniTing* on wood by Fair- 



h 



Wright 



133 



Wright 



bolt, 1862, roolsi:up4(o. Forllieliolls^LriM 
bealM editeil two works or voliic to ilic Mil- 

dMt of nHtHiiOTal liitlnry. allhouKU rnun 
■bound ill Writ;ht'i) odilorial cnntribiititmn, 
ri». : ' I'oliti.^nl lWm» uid Songnri'lntinRio 
EnsltBli[li9ti>r3'^c:uiiipuw!ddurui8thc< l*«iud 
buiu tbv AcfWHUon uf Kdward III lu llint of 
Bicburd III,' Lvirdon, I8M-tll. J vol*, wjal 
8n>i ud 'The An^to-I.ulin 8xtirjcal I'oeU 
kBdEpigraiDIiiatitUoriljcTn'r'irthCcnlnrv,' 
London, lli72, 2 vola. i^\o. For thi- Kntlv 
BniCliibTcxtSoclutvliacdilod 'Tliu Hwlt of 
llw Kniftiil of La 'four-Lumlrv : Iniiulntpd 
bum ibi' Urii'iuiil Fn-uch inlo Eii^'IisL iu thv 
Bvi^ni.'f IK-iiry VI ; from lb» uiiii^tie Maiiil- 
scr)|>4 in ih- JtriTidli >lu*t^ijm: wilh InlTi>- 
ductioii anil Xi">tpt,' Ijomloti, 18(11), Svi>. 

In l.iies \Vrif[lit'« imnll rnsourfcs wrrc 
(Uppli'mi-ntod by n gtaM from the civil li»t 
of K peoiioo of 611/., whioli VBs itiLTL'nSLHi lo 
10(V. in isr:?. Until tLnl <rL'UT hv lt«d rn- 
jined mliuat liiwltli itnd buoyunl spirits ; bul 
•iwr IS'ii lii« uiinil fulled, nod be «aitk inio 
inbecilily bofortrbifi denl.ti, llnlliirnll-rhiU 
lipM graicroufiiy rontrihiitcd lownrds bin 
nuinhiiuiDcc in hi* InM jean. Ilo diinl at 
ChetsMi on L'3 Ihv. 1877, and wan burit-d at 
BnnipKiEi twmetvn'. Jiiii civil list jxiuviun 
was Tvvived iu 18^1 in favour of hi« vridow, 
aF^Dch\roninn whom Ix' mnrriod in early life. 
She viiM biinril Ih-jiiiIh liim on 10 Feb. 16B3. 

A nurbb bunt of ^^~riiIbr. by Durham, 
parebwod of bianjdow.iaiit tbt-'spiLttnu'iit* 
oi'tlieSuciel; of AntiquBJiF* at Burl 111 (,"'"" 
Hl>iiM. A portruJt vufiravcJ by Daiiiul 
J. Peund for tbd ' Druwiug-rooni i'orlrail 
Qallerr' {2nd »(rr. is>'ifl) wgs reproduced in 
lb*' limitx. Keview' for April \mO. 

Iliohard (iarni-tt [q.v.] ju«ly cmtisnlnd 
Wtijibt'faifKltriuiniwjBiinnodilorofmwIiiu'viil 
Ulernlurv in lliv '(junrlvrly Itirviuw' for 
Apvil lt>l8. Ni-Drly all bi<i pLilulncicul book» 
ara de&cml by errors of traiii»cri|)tioQ a&d 
estraordinaiT misinterprelatinns of Latin 
and eurly I'^nglich snd enrly Fnint^h Tv-orda 
and phruoi. But lu n pioneer in Ihc atudy 
of Anfila-i^soo and mcdinviil litornLurc and 
of Bntiih Brcbioobsy be deservi-a grnluful 
r«BiiMnbmiC«- 

Wrigtit'a work« embrace in t)ii> Itrilish 
9J(U0um catalo^e 1:JI> entries. Itesidea 
thoM almdy nniinirrrnled nnd mnny ni^n- 
Tauly publiabrd ]n:tur('ii nnd {inpL-m in 
RMWoetKitiB of archa-oloi;ical turirtii-s, b<! 
iMaed : 1. 'Early Travdain i'alt-itiDc : coin- 

K'aing till- Nurrutivvs uf Areulf, Wdtibald, 
ru*rd, Swwiiir, Sigunl, BBiijamin of Tii- 
deU,8ir John Mao ndevillo. Dele UrocjiiiJrn', 

4lld Mnundmll ; edited wicb Notes,' 1848, 
8vo (Bohu» 'Aniici. Libf.) '2. ' Nnrrotiv« 

of Sorcery and Mugic : from ilui must an- 



Ihenlic nourcu*,' IMl. Svo; N»w York, 
'•2 »oi»- IW.3. 3. 'The Hiatory of Fulke 
Fitj>\Vnrine, en Outlawed Baron in tbe 
lEcrian of King John ; failed from a Manii- 
iM-Tipl prpsiimid in the Brili'h Miiwnm; 
witn on Iiuffli>h I'mtitln lion and Xotm," I^Sft, 
8vo. 1, ' Sonn nnd CnroU from a Mnnu- 
tH-Tipl vf tlus iifttrnlUCVnlurjin Ihi'tftitiali 
MuLseum,' 180(1, 8iu. >>. ' Lua Cent Nou- 
vellca NouvcUe*. publi£'>s d'uprivi le »eul 
Mannwrit connn.nvee Iniroduction et Notes 

ii't (ilonMiin-' par M. Thomn* Wrijhi,' I'nri», 
HTiK, 2 vol*, ttlmo. e. 'Tb.' IliatoryofKinff 
Arthur and of the Kni(rii>" of tin? Itound 
1'uble : comptli-d from .'<ir Thuutoa Malurv ; 
vdiled Tfom thv Text of the Ediliun oftlj;!], 
with IniroduL-tion aud Note*,' I.ondon 
J. l{.!^niith's ' I.ibriu-y of Old AntbOT»,'18-'iL 
■1 voli. fcnp. 8vo; SmI rdit. mviwd ISttA,' 
3 rob), ftrip. Bvo, 7. ' lllatory of Ireland,' 
London and Now York, 1848-J12, S vola. 
imp. Svo, 8. ' History of Fmnif," imp, fiyo, 
pte. 1-84, 18S8-(». 9. • ItoII of Arma of 
the Princes, Bari:>u4, and Kniabtewho nt- 
Innded Kinij; Filwnrd T lo the 8ieKe of Oier- 
kvcrork in l^tUO. ICdi led from the Mnnu- . 
Kcript in thn llril.itb Miiinuin, with a Trnit** 
Intion and Xotoa; with the Cottl-.\riiioui7 ( 
UEublazuncd in Uold and Colours,' MH, 410. • 
10' 'Ludlow .SkEtchci: u Series uf Papen/j 
lS67,8vo, II. 'WoniaBkiud iu W. 
Kurope, from the DarllMt Agitstot.hn! 
taentli CeDtury. Illudraled with Coloured 
Plate* and nnmetona Wood KiiRmvinR*,' 
IsaO.fcnp.Svo. 12. 'Feudal MiinuulioflinR. 
liah Hiatury : aSiirii:aur popular .Skvlehcrsof 
onr National Iliatory, compiled at differeiiBi 

feriods from the Tbirteentn Century to iliel 
'ifleenth ; from thn (^jriginal Mnnnacript.*,* 
l.ondon, 1872, Jto; privately printed. 

IEmhcx Review, ii. CA-7li, art. by Edward 
A. Fildi; lUliiiimry. 1ST7-S, vol. xnii.,aTl. by 
Uewcllyu Jvvilt; Arsciumv. SB Dec. I617ii 
AtbeaBum. It*> Dw. lt);7: ItoBcb Smith* Be>i 

troapnrlioiii,lti.HA «j., nnd CoUcctnnen AiiliqliA, 
viii, ■i5i>.] S. i. 

WRIGHT, THOMAS (1809-1881), phy- 
sician aiiil i,-i'olou>^(. was bom on 9 Nov. 
IbOll al Paihli'v, TCenfrewehire, and recoived 
hia enrly education in the tp'ammar acbooL 
of that town, afior which h« wiia articled to 
bia brolbi^r. in-law, n aurfieon iu praclico 
there. On ilie removal of the latter lu .\yr- 
ahire, 'V\'rigbt'a m'.'dioal studies were for ti\ 
time interrupted, but tlietr attraction iroa' 
irresistible, so tital be idliniBtely rejoined 
his rolutive and completed hia time. Then 
ho bncaun a *tudcnt at the Koyal College of 
Surgoonit, Dublin. workinR olao at ibe Pi-tec 
Street Annlomical and Sutaieal School. Ho 
rapidly aci^uirvd great skill as a diaaector 



Wright 



IJ4 



Wright 



■ 



i; 



and (tn FxleiuiTe hnovlwlgi* of anatamT, to 
thti bt-wasulTeTMiadeiuoiutrutonJiip.w^irli 
erobably would Iiav«l«(1 tonlitglK^paoitinn. 
Dul blooii-ptwwning from a wound receirnd 
in liinvfciiii^ a (!«m» of omfinMit MmtU-pox 
produttd tneh mious remilCa tlwt bp wu 
unoblft In ni't^i-pi tli<? olKw, (In n-'iwvfrrinjf 
bis lienllL iiv ptMvd tlic Colti.>(^ of Suiyrons 
in I83:f, aud «liarth- aniTwards setlled at 
CbcltHnham. Ilpre be fiei|iiitvii i» Inrc.i pr»i> 
ticn, hfCftnii- ni"'iipsl nfllriT of !n>all h to iho 
Urbnn diHrii'l, nn<l wni for manr yonrt mr- 
gton to tdc Ri-Tioiul botpital. In 18ja hf 
|[Tarluflti.-cI M,i>. nt Si. Andrew* l.nivuniiiy. 

Wrifflit's ifiilhustu^m for «i-iriililic iludit-v 
lU'Ver llugiged. At IirtI Le wns pH)fnjf>;^d in 
delicuto inicroMopic wufb, but wlim lliis 
prored loo (rying lo l»i» pjm, Iw devoted 
himiinlftopjilniiiniol'iKyiindgnidiinUyfoi'in'ti 
A eoikcrmn nf JiirmsicfiuiiU ivhii"li wnn rirli 
in CL>phiil(>piKlii, and iji^rliapn unvc[UDl1ed for 
tK<a-uruhinH aiid atariiHh. Ndtwillisttiudiu)! 
kis inauy occupations hl^ found time lo bean 
active njembfT of llie CoUwwold Club, an 
onlhniiMtic ndfocnui of winiici^ n> a brHnrli 
of cdacotion. and a fmniicnt Inrtnrrr nt all 
plam nilliiii ri-ncli ot Wipltfuhom. His 
iiowur of exposition, atopb miorw of know- 
Induce, and nMuurkubly fin« prvwDca inndi^ 
him an tidiiiTOtiouBl hrvv in llie Severn valley- 

iiiiipli varniioTi« as Wrijrlit'« prcfHation ["-r- 
mit,t»d w'-ro devolfwl to tnivel in llrimin and 
on tho conlini-nt in nwli-r to cnlnrRp hiii 
knowledge, pipocinlly of Jurn«»lc rot-lu and 
foaaiU. Ilpwuittivniiilioruf about tliirly-lwo 
pupeni UD (^uloir't^"' niibjfcts. sL-vun of tliL'tn 

fiubliHlivd in tliH 'Quarterly Journal 'of tbe 
Tpoligirfll Society; bnt one of tlie most 
vntuabli*. on lh<t corrolation of thr JnniMici 
ot thi! IJole d'Or n-ith ibow in (ilowt'iifpp- 
abira and \Vill»hir«, Djipiircd in tbu 'i'To- 
CHwdinfca' of tbe C'Oltc'iiwold l-'lub, Vet mon." 
imriortaut wire bi» ooiilributionH to Ibe 
volnmn* nf tlic Palwontojirapliical Si>pipiy. 
Hn wn» enirnir"l frum ISM lo ISSi in d.-- 
scribin^ Ihn Mu-iircbinn nnd ninrHnbc* of the 
Jumroio and crtlBwou* I'orinnlicm*. in wbich 
tseb at tbe ouIbl-I Iif bud counted on aid from 
ProfeMOr Kdward Forbes 'u. v.], but tbe 
r-orly donlh of tlio latter lelV bim lo work 
aiiiKle- handed. In 1878 lie hejran ihe ' I.ia* 
Ammonite>,'wbich wa»jii«ti;oinpl<iliMl at bis 
deatb. This pnlieoniolo(fir-nl wnrk wait tiuh- 
liahed by ibe I'ttlmiintoIojtipBl Siwicly (Lon- 
don, 18?S-84, 4lo). aud fills four large and 
wHI-ilhmrnterl volumes, 

Wripht wnfl .ilectwJ F-ttAK. in ISflBj 
F.O.S. in IM», rrcniviuK tbn Wnlliwton 
medal in ISTS; prcndcnt of the (rmlogicnl 
WCIJOD at tbt^ Ilriiish Asnodation meetjnt; 
in 1876; F.R.S. iu 187tf. Ho »lio received 



boDorarr diaciactBODa tnm vaiious Britiak 
and foroign aocieiiM. 

Wrifcbt di«d on 17 Nov. l^t. Hia Rna 
collretion of fowk wai pnrchawd Cor an 
Anw-rican tMUMuan. Ho m> twioa mamed : 
fir«t , to Klinbetk, ddett daaghter of Captain 
VincMit Mayof LivCTjiool; and,aecondly, in 
l&tS. to Mary, roungealdiugblvrof SirKo> 
bert Tristram ltieb«(t«, ban., of ibe Elms, 
(.'beltenbam. .She died in 1S7@, iMrisg ooa 
son, 1'boni«« LawranM Wrijthl, and two 
daiiglitrTK.thnaldarnuirnrdtoKdwnrdBei'I- 
bridjro Welhcrcd, a well-known jttolojriat; 
and ib« youn^tur to Canon CliBrW Brron 
Wi Icoi. near of Christ Cbuicb.EtirBuagliani. 

{MeuiMF (witli portnit) in tbe Jlkllauil H*di- 
o>il Miwi'llniiT.^ 1 Sor. ISS:); olotnar; nelKca, 
Qiiirtirtf Joiir'iAl U*ol. Sor. ali (I8KS> PMc, 
p. 3U:aea).Mae IH83.p.9S(i>ithlit<orpap«n); 
iDloroiation troia E. B. W«UMr«4, nq ] 

T. G. B. 

WRIGHT, WAI.I.RIl IlomVKl.L (rf. 
IPJii). iiil(l»ir -if ' Hone lonipii",' U'aa Rriliah 
connul-twnitrnl for tha republic of tho Sevan 
I^nd>(I')i'>an Ulnnd*» from 1800 to ISM. 
On bis Tvtura fo Knjiland be beoime re- 
corder for Bury Bt. Edrauuds. Subnet) neatly 
ho was president of tbe raurt of apiiOBia at 
Malta, when* be died in ISJIi. W'riiihl'a 
library at Zante ivai rifled by tbe l''rwnch itt 
lf^4, and ibn mnleriala wbleh be liad ooU 
Ippted for a work npon the tlnwk ialanda 
were HCHtieri'd (T destroyed. His reoni- 
niKencea took the form of * Horn.' luni<N: 
a I'ovui doseriptive of lb<i Ionian IsUnda 
and part of Ibe adjacent conut of Grveoe' 
(liOiidoo. li^lO, 8voi. TlieTvaivioinnrhann- 
in^ line* among ita heniit rouplet*. tb« 
work ihrouiihoiit. of an nrdent diacipl« of 
I'opR. A ' I'oatacrjpl ' contains a f(^w m- 
uiBika upon the Modern Omrk nioken in 
tbi^ Ionian Iplands. To the lliird tilitbm 
I Ijondon, 1816, I£mo) w<m npiNUidod 
' Oreeiea, a 1'mir<'dy : front Ibii holian of 
Count Vittor Alfieti' (this w»s in blank 
Vftrsi', for whipb WriRbt sliowed little apti- 
tudel. and two odm. One of thesp odm, on 
the Duke of tiluucealer'a iutitalUtion at 
CiiiubridKe, had been printeil in 18)1 and 
forwarded in Septcmliir by nnllaa to Ityron, 
wlirt wrnt*: ' It is evidently tbe prodmnion 
of n man of trul<? and a poet, thaujib I 
(bould not be wlllinft to aay it was fully 
equal to what mif;ht ba oxpecled from (bo 
auTb'.irof " Hone loujcio."' In refervuMto 
thi» poetn llvron bad prvvioualy wrillan in 
' Ku^ilish Banls : ' 
lileit ii ihe mnn who rlare approach the bower 
Wlinro dwelt tha Muiu in Ibnrnninl hoar . . . 
Wrie'X. 'iwMi ihy happy local one* to Ti'aw 
ThtKW ahorM of Ulury. sad I«>u^ them too. 



n 



[WH^r* Hor«(thrweditii»i^ in Brk.Mn*. 
libT.: KttuD'n I,tiunt. ail. Ilinlej. i. Sift: 
Viion'* Ltfauid Ldtmof Bjrma, I8.H. p. Il«: 
UoMU;Roriw. ISdB. iii. Vg ; BiotCfoptiKHl Did. 
«r UriB« Anihori. IHI«. p. 101.) T. S. 

WBIOHT. WILLIAM (1«3-1«8»), 
iMvit, MO of John Wrj|sb<,iin Apoiliecuy of 
Vorit, WM bont thtm in }¥a, and went to 
•diool in bb natirn ciiv until li« wm about 
twMitf jMm old, ytbua hii unoU, » priaat, 
•ent bin to Fraacn. ARtr d bri^MJouTB 
at Uheinu Iw ptoomkIw] to llomv, nliirru he 
HDtMVil tbe Bpplish CoUon f(>r lit* liiKrher 
eouiH an 18 Oel. 1&81. IIh w>« admiitnd 
to tha 8aci«lT of Jnnis at St. Andrew'* 
BOvitiatP, Ron«, dm 8 I)nc. in lh« tameyoar, 
and ir«j> nnAimod of th» fbur tovs on 
SSJotj 166?. for maay ytnn hi! WM fro- 
fe«aar of DbiloMiphj and thcotoonr in tbe eol- 
legCBof tbi! 9>$ovifitt Or>iiiuStvria,w1ien 
k» uraJuattd li.U,, ^Ts<i at Vivunit. 

Ti« WM sent to tito l»i^lish oiioumi in 
lfi(K{,nnd WMIwiI«d»o«ll«fl9FwnTIbatll(En- 

Svl> Mall, Suffolk, th>? *Mt nf the ()>{[ie 
lily, tak^ before Ur, BoncroA.archbiiliop 
o( Conlerbai^, at Lambutb, und cummitled 
W tliBt prclatt! in 16U7 to Uic Tower of Lou- 
i»n, wLi>nce h» wva traii»ri?ri»d tn t.lii> 
Wbil« Lion priMD. lie iiltimniclv nltVict^d 
W» eKnpo hy thn u4 of friiindn, ant! mtirtid 
Into LoicMtrnihiN, wbera ho fuundcd tlit? 
mUnenn of tlie locioty orijiinallv calliid tile 
iCo «f St. Anne, and iu 1633 incur* 
itcd into tbe Durbj and NolliuKliatn 
ivtrid, Hr wa« rector of l1ii«i 'cr>lUg«' 
until about IriiW, wb^n h^ became miniiTfrr. 
II* liwd in tlie mai» district on 18 Jan. 

WrMit wna a Tt'lienwnt opponent of the 
lb of olkfciincfl and ■uprruincj' duTiHMl by 
le nivMniDtiat of Jain«a 1, and siilpuiTily 
ind«nuiRd by the holy aee. 1I<» worka, 
bleb Wfte pabliabed under varioii* inillnU, 
!«r« B« (ollowa : I. ' The ICnoliili Inrri-. Or 
f)iugreeDietit amonKKlthnliliniitpriof ffrcitt 
f)httBini>,ci>n<M'miD8 tho KinjrcuSupromaCT. 
Written in Ijitin 'bv Mnrtin Urtsniuil and 
.tranaUted into Enfiliiili bv I. W. 1'./ [Si. 
Ornvr^ 1613. 4ta. -J. * A bisooTMia of cvr- 
taine notunons sbifls, vvasiona, and nn- 
tralliia utl««d br Mr. J. Whit*, Miniilor, 
!■ ■ booke oC his WvIt (^t forth, niid in(i> 
tnlcd A deCniMof the Way . . . iu tuannnr 
nf a1KaIfl|pM. . . . Hr W. (.)., IVofc«sac in 
Divinity,' St. Uidct, IfllS, 4t<i: :iai edit. 
]61»(uc Wdite. JoHK, 1G7&-1A1S}. 3. 'A 
~lnniiiuty of CoDtrovernea: where in are 
VrwIly treated tlia eheefe Q unatinna of Di vi n i ty 
now 4 dayea in diapoto b(dir>>me CatholikM 
1^^ and ProtMtUlla . . . firriticn in I.otin hy 
^HdamMMonloa]. TnuutatHl into Eoftliib by 



in 

H«n 

^'Vri 



I..' vol. i. rst. OmerH lUU, H\o ; Znd edit. 
1618, Nomoroappi'aratobavebwapubliiifaed. 
•). 'A Trealiae eonearniiiv tJia ChnnA. 
Wbnmin it in aliivwod . , . tbat tbe ChoKb 
of ItoOM- . . . i> ibo only true Church of 

Clirini. WrittPii in Latin by J. (Ionian 

lluDilv . . . and tnnnUtud into Eneliah by 
J. L.'iSt,Onier?\l«U,8vo. &. 'ATitMiae 
of the Cburrb. }n which la prau«d H. lobn 
While hi* Way to the Tru* Cbumb to be 
indantl no way at all to nny Church tme or 
faW. . . . Written by W. C. IVolmaourin 
Divittitv, in nunner of Uiklofpie,* niu heo, 
Itiltl. tio, U. ' A Consultaiiun whiit Fsillt 
and Hi.-li|riuaiab«Bt lobcembrand. Wrillen 
in I^liii [1^ Leooarditt LMaiut] and trHn*- 
Lated into rinu'lith by W. L (An .Vppondix 
to lbs formnrl'onsiiTtalion. Whot liar ovary 
one nav he savnl in hi* owne fayth and r»> 
ligion^ [St. Omcr?;, I«I8. lUwo. 7. 'A 
Treatite of iho lud|^ of CoTitraieni«*,' [St. 
Omer], 1019, l^oio: trantlatrd from llt» 
L«lin of .Martin ilwaau* ' by W. W^ Oaat.' 
8. ' A briefe relation of the Peiwwtioa 
lately made aj^inat tlut Cnlholiko OlinnliaBa, 
in ilieKiniidomonf lapnnia. . . . Taken out 
of thv Aiinitalt Letter* of tbe Fathen of the 
Si>('i(^iT of I?iv*.' p^. i., all publiilied, mik 
km, l6l9, Imiuilutt^d fruui t.h<» Spanish 'by 
W. W.. Gi-ni.* !l. ■ Tbe Tnwure of Toir«d 
[;lui»tity in BticiiUr Pennn*. AUn the 
WiddowiHi Cilnui'' [hv l.nonnpdiiii Ijeuia*]. 
Trnnalati-d into tliiglich by I. W.,' [St. 
Omer:-], 1H2I. 24uio. 10. "A Ultw to a 
IVrMin of Honour. cuoceraiiiK the evil Spirit 
of ProtealniitM,' liV^:j. Itu. 11. 'A Trratiao 
againal N. E. a MiiiJatvr of th« Church of 
I^ICland.' St. Omer, imi. 4io. Southwell 
«aya thi* inalbe in ' Do ^fpiritibu*.' It ia 
nihN!ribed ■ \V. (!.* 1^. 'A hriefe Imtin 
in wliii^k is made plaync, that CalbuJika* 
liviuK>nd dyin)i in their profetsiim may bo 
Mviwl. by lbujud(^«nt uf the moat boiotta 
and leanind ProtMtaoIa. . . . AgaynH » 
SJiniM«r [N. R,] whn inhiiKpifrTleexbortatb 
nil bnnriurnbln perann to fomrkkn licr tUli- 
(tion.'[St. (>ni(^:, 16^3, 4to. 13. -ATriiatiiM; 
of IVaauce,' often n-print^d. This may 
be llie work whieh appenred at St. Uiner in 
1033 under the paouJonym of ' DouIhv,' and 
which baa been aacribed Ui Fatber WiHiam 
Wfirfiird [q.T.] or Wamefonl. 14. Ilsrtoli 
roention* a trraliao writtpn in a waok, 
ofiainat the Arehphiwt fleonre KlnckwRll 
fij.v.^, wbicji cpuaed an exlranrdinary leiua* 
lion in the pitblie mind, on the •juiwliun of 
the oath of allegiance (DelF JnghtUerra, pp. 
6S]-«>. 

|l)n Uiu'lfr'* BiM. dw )Winiio< dn I* OiDi- 
iMfjnio dr Jbni; Dudd'i Cliurch Httt. ii. 13B. 
lii.lU; Morc'i lli*t. UianoDi* Anglicanm Sac. 



I 

I 

I 



L 



Jtm. pp. 3SS-4 : NoUi «iid Qwriw. 8rd mc. iz. 
SH: Otmi'sJenn CoUvnioui, p. 339; SmUi- 
veU'a Kbl. fltripicmia 3a& Jean ; !««'■ JUvb- 
Hint COWiiTanj. IIM (Ckmdts Sck-)< 

T. C. 

WRIOBT. WIT-LIAM (I73SIg|»). 
plijnoiHi knd bM«Bi«t, «■■ bom at Crieff. 
ntUwluKiiBllanti 1735. Iluwiutt to Crieff 
gnnnaraclinol, ukI when KVFDttvn waMip- 
nmitiMd to Gconic UvcnistiKm. > dar^vun 
tt PkUiirk. In 1756 lie ralvrol ibe uiij- 
venitf o( Hdinbur^, litiag irilh hU uncle, 
umI in 17S7 ho made a tojmq to GrtnJond 
H anigVOB oa a irbaW. !■ Jaaoan- 173^ 
he prw«Bitd tiiiBuclf at Suijvans' JIaU 
fiir OTamiM''"". nod wm appoipteJ Moond 
rargsoa'a natc on board tm Intrepid. He 
bagan a eanful ttudr of temtrf, aitribuiin^ 
itmaiiil]:' todiit.drinlc.uidbadfoad. Hdwu 
p wwti on -t A ph 1 1 7-tf at Sir Edward H a wkn'« 
engagvtBeDt at Ub#; tliarod at tiibtaltar 
in the pri(«-iMM]r of Um Baiaoniiabie,«bicfa 
Oaptva PrmltoB of the Intrepid cut«i«d 0* 
38 -^Pfi) ; and witncHcd UoucBweD i Ticien 
OTCET Da la Clur oD' Lagoi ou 10 Amg. ITW. 
Ilie Intrrpcd ret ucning to refit, Wright ofland 
UnueLf fur re^xamiaatioo.and wu tatod m 
int iBaii* u> th» DaMbfc nndar Captain Sir 
H«fir^ Hattia. In 1700 idia wan orderod to 
tba waMlndt«<«uiid*r itodnc<r. Wright waa 
inMAiTpd in iiicccauon to tite honitals at 
Port Konl and St. IVrre, to ibe Cullodea 
and to tbe Lerant, and was then paid off in 
Stnptmbcr 1703. 

Tboogh he BOW qnklifed aa trnwea and 
^naled M.D. n aitmlU at 9L AjMbnm, 
■a daCinIt of ampfaynant he (tart«d in Dc 
oeinbcr 17U far Jannica, intcndinii to oaa- 
Benoe |nma praottM. Fiadiu. howerer, 
100 nsnr dooton then hcfera iim, bv wna 
glaJ to Wvom* ■winaat to Dr. Graf. Six 
Mentha later Thotnna Siaal.hi* fowar ftUow- 
atndafit, invited bin to haeome hit partnar at 
Hanpden, Tielamij, one hundred and fiftj 
milea from Kin^on. Hw^ lired togetlwr 
and invnunl their laTinga m ncgraea. In 
17T1 tbej built a nrw hotue naaed Oran^ 
Uill ; and in ibat Tnar Wri||kt htfta hia 
herbarium of Jaiaaica planin, Tcrifyinf; dur- 
ing kit rcaid«Bce in the idand icmi hundrvd 
•BdnstTapwiea.andatiachinjfEo tbemibcir 
TcrancDlar natno and refereoMa to the works 
ofSloano and Browns. Me a«ni live dbala 
to Kew and dried ana to Sir Joseph tUoks 
[q. T.J, Jooathan SUkm, and othir*, main- 
tainiiif an eUcnnTaaeientilU oomvpondanco 
with iBtdical Men and botimuta both in 
BUopa and Aaarioa. In 1771 Wii^t w«a 
ftRxxot'd hoBoiajy ■ugM^fenenl of Ja- 
maica, and in Un foUowi^ vear he made 
ksovn the occnrrenceinJamnicaora native 



' tpeciaa of cincbnas, and pobliiJioi in ibv 
, 'TnuMaetions'DftbePhikwophioalSocietjof 
Philadelphia hi> Gr«t paper, one on di^wioa. 
In Aoffust 1777 Wriglit embarked for 
England, out on the vojage csuglil a malign 
oanl fever from a teaaaB, and cnrad hiniMlf 
b; dooichM of oi4d MO-w«tar, a moody 
vkiA he hod pcvviontlj ancoMtfuIly em- 
ptin-rd in rau of tHanu*. Ilia priorilT in. 
thii cold-naicr tteataicot of ferw iraa aner- 
wonli fullv admitted br the Loo^n Medicat 
Society. In London he ttaved with MasweU 
OaHhihore [q. v.j. the oietetrician. in St. 
Martin** Iaiw: •ludied,withWiHiaiB.\ilon'a 
«wiitanc»,at Kew; and wjcnroi the wccklj 
iwawilhltanka.DMuelCbarteaSolander 



loose lit Sir Joiin Prinze [q. v.} Ue (veotB-^H 

allv letitnl at hia native ptaw, whero hig^H 
.... .... . '1 



* n tour 
:o Lord^H 

ofPi»-H 

becauk^l 



Iq.v.l,F'oth«tvill,Pit(wrn,andothen,at tho_ 
10 ~ 

"'I- 

brother JaiMst had at hia nqueat buitt him 
a boue, in whidi tber both lived, Wri^bt 
adoptinf hia ni^aw Jaaua and edunting 
I hiaa far the mfdical profeation. After n tour 
in the wot of ScotUnd and a viait to Lord 
Buehan near Linlhhgow, Wri^l weiU lOJ 
Ediohnrsh and attended the kcturea of Pl»-1 
feaKinBlac1i,Munio,aiidCiiIlen. Hel 
an original nipcnber of the PhiloMphicnl Sa> 
cie4 J (afterward* the llo^Soeiet;)ofEdiit> 

In 1779 Sir Jo«rpli Bank* peocnred for^H 

Wright ibepaMofrsiiMatalamceaBtotha^H 

Janwca wg u oe n t. Wri);hl on this becsne 

a liMntiate of the R<iinbui:gb Collego of 

PhvsiciaM, and eanhaikml at iVrlMaouth 

wii^ two conapaiue* of hia tvpawiit oa the 

ttancport Moeani, which Miledwith fiflr-four 

oiber uitaried vtwtti wider ihe protection of 

ibe[UiuilieB,Theiia,andSautksJipptoffl. The 

whoW espedition fell into the kanda of 

French and Spaniah fleet oTOipaStVincant, 

, dnrinp a ftig, this bainf ptehapa the Krctttoet j 

loaaine Mercantile navr of Biitatn bad ever | 

mstained. Wt«|^t, whcee vehssbk /iorim9 

tieau was toat ON this oeaaion. but who 

managed lo secrete sad iltelioj' the colour* 

of hie rtffimeat, waa leaded on parole at 

Cadis on 3 Sept. bf the I^vnch man^-wnr 

the nonrmifBe,aBd ma Marched to Areoe on 

the Uuadalete in .\n<Ialiuia. In a OowiU; 

where medicine waa a century behindhand 

. bis skill nooo nined him great repute, and 

' he was i^it^D taken into oonveni* to nrwcribo 

for sick nuH ; but the eorragidnr ot the in* 

qiiiaition, diaeoTering that one of the British 

. oficet* had a mnannir npron, tbrenteaed 

. feneral doMidliary rinia, whereupoa tho 

' Enxtiahmen resolvvd to oSrr (btcible IW*t 

mux, and ili« Spani>li auihorilM* pf«lhned 

lu march ilMrm (o the Gosdiana aad ocnss 

I the Pbnugmee CraatMr. Wright and soma 



I 




W^right 



"37 



Wright 



QIC 

^1" 



dropped donn lh« river in Hn np«n 

ikt Ui Tiuti, ytheire thvy fnrijjIiliHl n nlocp 

twftcbod Lisbon on 'il Dec I'SO, *nd 

hen jiroMeilod to F«lninutli. 

Binngd^ltin'd ill Knclnndiindrrhiipniviltr 

until UI nrbnn^ of pmoiion wai urrnnHn], 

Wri^lil Tisitnd n Scoilinli boUiiicul friiMid 

■umtd Itutcr at Oldluiu, llnmjuliicv, uultl 

thi? rttiira of iIif rvmiiikul of his ivgiiueDt 

from i^jmin. In Ajiril 17(^2 ihey uiledonco 

BtOK, bving iiow kuown n> ili« Wlh foot ; 

but timTis^ in tho W«l IndiM jiut oftrr 

(^Bodni-y'* victory axet Un (inuw, Ui* regi" 

ni nm irnt hninc and disbiiiid«<l, wkile 

Wright wna pi'rmilted to nrnuiii ti> settle 

litis private nll'iirs and ri'pliice Lis tost Aorfiu 

[^tttTiM. Tliii hirdid vi^rv caiiiplt^tely, ftdding 

everal new sjwcii^B, aoJ linviii^ in I'M the 

•liituice ot the Swodiuli hotniurt Olaf 

r&kwan<. Iliv vnx appoiiiti'd phjrmciui' 

gfanral of Jamaica ; liut suD'i'riji)t Irom lever 

and ague, uid baring nutisi^d bin propertv, 

he retained bcxne io 17^'>. and, aflvr tipi-ntl- 

ioR moU of ITtkl in lVrl)u»iiiTV, •'Vtlled at 

Ejinburgli. Be wa^ nominate to aucc«<cd 

John Hope (1726-1786) |,q. v.] in ibo cbnir 

ofbotanVibiitrefuMdloatandaRniiiiit Danlnl 

I Itathnrlord [q.v.^ eoRlominff bimnolf vrilh 

I ■fan fnrraaiion of a librnry, n »cieullGc etirnc- 

* ■poodeooe with no fcwur iLan iw« Lunilrtd 

and aixty arq iiaiiiMnce*, and tbi- Iruinine ofa 

Ift-nr otlicr atudeata ia kis huuat- viiE Iub 
neplipw Jamu. 
In 1792 Wrigbt iraa suininoned aa * wii- 
BSH before the committ«« of tbe Houmi of 
OaamtM on the *lnva trndr; and in ITQft, 
in fpitfl of tbfl oppniiiiinii of tiir Liicoji I'opy* 
[i].v.5, tbii hood of ihK urniy mi-dical board, 
and of the Itoynl (.'ollose of l'hyaician», on 
LIiu ^ound of bin aol bi'ing oiiis of tht'ir 
licfntiali.-s, he wum HpjKiintfd ])bv)iioiuii to IIih 
enp^ditiiMi tii.Ttt roihe West liiifjt-s under Sir 
lialpb Abereronibv [i-v.] HdSftilwl in Iliv 
Cembrrin till: WillinmondJobnhnKpital abip. 
rcachiDgltarbndoion 21 Feb. 1796. Wrijiht 
■loved two J■l•*r^ la Unrhndon, during vibii-'h 
time bi- drevr up a rvport ou (hu duMMism 
MBUnon ainon;; Iroopa iii tbe Wvst Indiw 
tod made a lar^ colleclloit of Windward 
bland plant «. On hi* rotiirn to Knglnnd in 
Jane 1' 98, after n»rr«wly n*capinjt cupttirn 
1^ tbe I''rcDcb on the rajnge, ho wa« retained 
on full p«j for four montba, and vraa oflervd 
■II bonorftrj extr» Ucentiatwiiip o{ the Col- 
lege of PbnioiauM, vhicb UttM- be dMliix^d. 
Be Mtled in l^inburgb, ouly pracii»iiiL' 
patuitoiMljaniongbit«niver*iljrfri«iTid>nna 
tbe poor, •rmnging bii natural hiMorj oollne* 
tJMW, which iTcm anoinjt tbn tnrgi-st privnii- 
■uuouiBiiin tbe kingdom.a&d taking nnnciivG 
— ' ia the Kienttlia eocielice of the diy. , 



I'ntil 1811 he made an annual lonr in the 
iinnh-west bigbbindH.<>l^en in the cumpnnv 
of John Siiiftrl(l"'*3-l»21)[4. v.], luiuisiiTo'f 
LuM, lIumbnnoiMhiif, wlio was related to 
bim by inarrinKn, iralkine nix or miren ni'ila* 
a day. He a«iit«d bin frii^nd JiuncsCurrio 
fq.v.]iiirormicf[.inconiiiiictionwith William 
Itoscoe [q. T.', ibu bfrburium of the Lii'er- 
poolBotAniealUardtn. llimivlf u Nvptunisl 
in geologj, be becuin(< in Iiil08 nn cinpntil 
mnmbnr nnd vicvptvdidciit uf the Wcmerisii 
SociHji nnd wlirn in IttHI ihe will<^clinnM 
maitt? by (Sir) William Jacbiion IIaokrr[i{.v.l 
in Ici-luud wi-ri-di»tn^'cd by a firconboonl 
nhip, be pn-«i?Died bim with on lierberium and 
HpecimensofminenlBi^oIU-cled in tluit udand 
byhisnephi-irJamvHWH^-bt,wbohaii accom- 
panied Sir John Stanb'y tbith»r in 1T8{I, ii 
kindiuwacknovrlcdgodliy lloiilceriii hi»' \l4y- 
callcctionti of aTour in liwlniid in IrtiO.' In 
1600bcwi»invili!dbyKirl<alpbAbi!nTomhy 
t» Bccoiniiany bim to I'^pt as phymcian ta 
ibe urmv, but declined. 

W'riL'lit di<^ uiimiirried in Ediuburuh on 
19 Sriil. Ittl!'. and was buried in G^.■y Friars 
chiirvliyartl. H<r w«e I'lectird ftdlow of ibe 
Itoral E^it-rv in 1 77rt, pri'-tident of tb« ttnvnl 
(?ol!<iltn of I'liytifiinn* of Kdinbiir([h in If^Jjl, 
and nwocintc of llie I.innrnn Society in 1B07. 
Ilu |]iibli!ilied no Beparole rolunie of hit oiru, 
hut in IKXI printed It i!linino!iif,'lcBl cjUi"0- 
tion of Ediiiburijh mediml (■nidualion ibeiteti, 
and (x>nl ri billed vuriuiLp medical pa pen lu dif> 
feivni publii'ul iona. a ^elmrliun from which, 
and from the nottw in his hcrbarinni, ^v)t» re- 

frinted in a 'Memnir' of bim pnbliBhixl in 
628. Tlii« vnliimn nlno coiitnint a vi|inctt* 
pflrtmit rnfcrnvcd by William llomi- Litan 
after a miniature by John Coldnell. An 
ludex by bim to the l.itinieuii nam« of the 
planti) mentioned in J uin en Grainger's ptwma 
waa printed in ihv 1«M edition. Dr. Rox- 
buri;b nnmi^d n j;enii» H'rir/lilm in hifi linn-iur, 
biil.lbii. proving to linvi^ hiir'n iilr^ndy nnmnd 
il'allieiia, ISobeO Brown drdicn led iinothcr 
to bim B» Wrighlia. Hiii drli^l pkntii oittir 
m VBriuiinliLTburiu.cepemlly <bo»!af I'atrick 
Neill (1770- 1 ^\) [i|. v.], iu'pusietiBion of the 
Edinburgh Botanical Society and (he Lirrr- 
pool BoiHoicftl Garden. 

{Memoir of Df. Williiim Wright. Losdoe, 
W19, Hio; N'irlioU'i Utomrr IlluiIrAlloU)^. iii. 
781.1 ' O. A B. 

WRIGHT. WILLIAM (17/3-IB<»>, 
BumI turueon, born ut Dnrtford in Kent on 
ii* May 1.73. was son of William and -Mar- 
liaret Wrigbl. lie irat cdiicnlod undnr Joba 
('unnintrham Snnndnr* [ij. v.j, nnd woa 
lliprt-fotc in oil probiibilitT a student of St, 
Tbouuis's llosiiitol. He does not appear to 
have obtoiued any medical diploma or 



Wright 



i3» 



Wright 



liocnH, liut be prooMdfd to Brij>ti>l, wbere 
he bmn bU pTureuiuual care>.-r iu ITiHi. 
Heps Mi W Anna ThntoliiT camn undrr h'u 
CUW. She wa* ■IinnM lUiir Ontl dumb, but 

hm mnthcid of in^ttnmt tnu to mccHatful 
that in • yr».T abn ciuld ivpmt worda. uul 
in 1817 bIh? had a lon^ audicDCc Hud cunrer- 
wliun Willi QiK-vn CharUilt^ lli>r maJMty 
Uiareuiton arpainttd Wri^t hn »iirgi<on- 
HirisC in i>raiDAr7. Ite mnvpd to liondon 
and Mnn n«|iiin>d a !ar^ and Gubtonablo 
nraiClicc. Iln biynn to oMrnd the Uiiho of 
Wellinttlon in 1PJ3, nnd munincd cue of 
liiini«dicBl aitendnnts unril iliL-itmthof (he 
duke. M'rij;lit din] on Ifl Manb ItMU iii 
Diihe Sirvvl, Si. James's Sqtiarv, London. 

Wright's work* wcr*: I. ' An Eamvon 
till- iliiDinn Knr.'1.ondon,l81', 8vo. 2. 'Cln 
tlic Inripri™ of llcafnrsac*,' London, 18i'9, 
S»a 3. 'A fi'W Mtnut»' Advieu to Ihnif 
J'Bnon*,' London. I»*a», laino. .|.'Dtafn«a 
und UiwaseL* of thu Har: tbi> t'nlladi^s of 
pruauut Trvatoii'iii ex|«8<ftl and IC«in»di<'* 
•nggeued. From th« t>p«rieDcoof half « 
caniiirv,' txnuiim, 1*<60, Svo. 

[Modioli Tmtm and GaiDi.e, 18«0. I 32S: 
additianal inftirmHtinn kindly tciraiibjlh* Rev. 
P. U. Smilli, M A.. rimri>r['liinr<int, K*nl.] 

U"A. P. 

WRIOHT. Wn.I.TAM (Ifl3(»-i88»l, 
orioninViM, son of Oiptnin Altiinndcr Wrisbi 
oftbulCiMt India l^impnnT'il«!rTif(>,wa» bom 
nt Miilljc or Mnllni. on ilie Ncpnl ftvintipr, 
im 17 Jan. IJCW. Iliin<<illirrv,-iuadau(;hti<r 
of Uuniel AnUiony (JvFrliei'k. Tile lu-<l L)uli?li 
([uv«rnorof iteu^al.niidibtrmgbHrwIf nkilli^d 
ID wrvnil oricTituI laii^iitt^i.-x. inclii'liiigPrr- 
•iHD. i'ncmirii),""l lu'f »i>n in liis clio»i>n piir- 
tiii(«. IlissRhool nnd flnt iiniviTiiTy vdii* 
cation wiw nl SL Aiidrewj, where lin jpa- 
duntcd. Ho Ihrn viMtfd thf! univvnilT at' 
Ilallt', priumrily for thi- slddy of ^yrini!, 
n-iiidinic tlxiTi- iu tlii.>)iuiiw.>of l*rofauc>rlt()di- 
(jer. H^re, however, b« borame proticii'ni 
in all ll»> rhinf Si'inilic UnKnagm, Mppcinlly 
in Ambic, ifniniiiK nl ihr tnmt: tlmo a hnow- 
Irdtfp not cmly of other Unjtiiaire" PontiiininK 
Semitic elrmi-ntB. luch us JVraiun and 
Turkisli.but pvi-n lindiiif; timi? fur ihu ttudjr 

Sttn«krii. Rridigvr hIwht* timke of ^V right 
Mbi'bi'M pnpil. Pa^iniii t>i Ley dni^, mainly 
for thn rtndj of Arn-bii: ninniisiript*, he 
•ludicd undfr Ilo«y, mid thi'W rnoi^ivpd, at 
tho mrly n-gv of lutenty-thrw. an honomry 
doetur'a degrei!. It wmi (mm ].i(-(d<>n that 
hit ttrole io \^'>)i biii fainoiia ti-ttur to Pro- 
fmwr FleiDch^r, publtah^l in Ihc'-Ionmnl 
of lint UtTOiftn llriimlnl Sooii-ty ' |vii. 100), 
clatinfT tbo plan of his lifowork in Arabic, 
la^slj fbundiNl on thn extHcts made at 




LejdHD— * an anliitiotia pn^ranme ' (a* bis I 
fVimd ProfMsor Beady obaemed), * n-hidi ' 
nii|;hl well have daonled the ripaat tchoUr, 
but which in tJia md WH tamed oat with 
but *Iij(hc Tariatiotw.' Ilstuning from the 
flonlbwnt, Wri([Iit held w w ywiiTriy the 
chair of Anbic at Univenit » Ci>ll'^, Ixw- 
don <lN>I>-ti). and al Trinity L'allr)^, Dublin 
(l><-'i<>-(SI J. Eluving al Ihv latter pla«e to 
Itkctiuv in HinduBUni, be cuounmi'vd ooU 
Inrting mstenaU for pnblithiag a aoieotiliu 
dictiiMiarj of the language, a prc^t after- 
wrard* abandoned. 

I^eariitf; for a tiino teoebinjr fi>r an oppnp- 
tnnitj of (irifpual work, which wa* atirnTTi 
his main object, Wright aooqiled a poit in 
the departinonl of maniuoipia at thu ttniiab 
ilnacnm, in ordnr lo c*t«togne the grcu 
colldction of Syriac mnnuKTipts. 

In 1870 Wricht was recalled lo aeademic 
work, aa >tir Tlioma* Adana'a ProfnMor of 
AmhicalCambridxu. Thin pMt fac held till 
his dmh, '2^ Haj li^W. In ifae aann uiu> 
Ter>ilj he waa elected Mlow of Qnevna' 
Ci^llecv, and held nianjr fnrMgn dUitnctiuua, ! 
including ncaWrxhip of the Insiiini. d» 
Fninee, nnd of tbe Imperial Acadnoiy of 8t. 
I'eivnbiir);. ll(Mnarned,tnl(*W,MiiuKniiljr 
Liltlc'daleiif Dublin. 

In Ambic hi* chief publi«ali<ia* w««: 
'Travel* of Ibo Jnbnir' (IM^ft ; 'OpuMula 
Ambif*' [IMat; • Kimil of Al-MnWrad' 
(l!Mil-^:2l; bIm> bin 'Arabi« Graoinur' 
(IXiiH, |i^7ri), probwaedlf fnnndndonC'a'pari, 
but, cspeciully in lh(^ later edit ion. priLCtinlly 
an oiiginal work. In Syriar. bnidea the 

greatoatalo^ueofmaBiMcriptBai iIh- llritub 
Mneennt already referred to, nnd publish^ 
1^*0-3, lieiMund: * Ilnrmilieoof Aphraatee' 
(IsaO); ' ApotTjphtil Acta of lbs ApoMlM' 
(Srriae and Kngliihi. 'J rola. IWl ; • Chr©- 
nide of Juahun the Htvliie ' f dvriae aaA 
Kngliih), l!^V. * Book ai KaliUh'and Dim- 
nail' (IKKI): and bi« brilliant nrll<!ll^ nn 
Syriac lilemtnr«' f-ir th*" KncycloiJa-dia Bri- 
tnnnirn,' repnbliihtvd with notes fince his 
dpath (lr*IM ). Hi* unliniiih«d odition of the 
lluM^binii hiiiori- hoa bcnn cnmplotsd aad 
indued by .M r. W.* Mackmn (UatQbndga, 1608)1 
Ilia minor workii in Syriac — 'NotuUe Sj- 
riaou' and * Fr(i^-iu>^nlit of the Culvloaiaii 
Ootppls' ibnrb privniely printed) — tnsv be 
mentioned fnr tlifir rnrilT. In .-Fthinnic ha 
pulUiilicd n imlaloSTin for the Itntiiih Mu- 
■oum.andalKoeontTibuted tOBevi-ml jmimals 
raluablenrticles on rarly Semitic cpi|[niph]r. 
llin cuui|irrheusit*e UltHinmeDlB an HMWII 

in hie ' LtvlurM oti the Compantitv Omi- 
mnrof the Semitic lMigm»(fm^» poathamoiu 
miblimiion 08Q0)t^>tMl l^bia 
Willinm lEnbertjioa Smith [q. v.) 





Wright 



139 



Wright 



' Mil 



Wrwlil'sworkwilh and forol.li«r»forinpd 
000 01 hi* most clutract^TuIic oclivitira. 
'o mcli o»«pof«t4<iii aril duo tlio niilendid 
'erKi>lUMri««<irtl)Q['lUicof(TB]ihicalsacii!lr, 
dnn*ti up under Iuh uditmliip, sod bii 
vreigkly cunthbulions Ui tlw lexical workit of 
*STn» >>o>itl) IB Syriac, of Doty iii Anbir, 
id of N«uh««i«r'in Ilebrvw. IIU wide 
•ch<kInroliin wna aUn of tb* frruatMt valit^ To 
tbr Old TtaUniPiit rcrifion ounmitlei-, of 
wliicli be wa> ■ tni-mbcr Aa n li-nchcr hn 
urill b«loaK nTmumbmxl Dtll^tnbridgfi, both 
hf eoUeaffiHs mid bv u iiiecKsiion of dis- 
Uiigaubed putiila. 'Tlie Uoireriily Librnry 
■• laMoly iiiileDf«d to liis aclive uiediatiuu 
fiv Ua iMMtMion of tlw finmt Eurojwuu 
coltection of mrl; Indian innnuwcriiils, tbnt 
obtained by hii broihir. Dr. D. Wrigbt, in 
Nefd, nnd uuos vnlnrgnl. 

[Pcnamil knoclcdgB: cainniiiniwition> team 
flunillr; obitnnry noticxn lijr U. J.. IS[((n»ly| ia 
Aodcniy. is Juumd of Kcnal i^iiatic Soc. for 
I8S1>, p. TOS. And by lWu»r de Goaja of 
Lfridoo ; CalAlogun oTtho Ciioibrid^tu L'oitanriy 
LilifxTj.] a B. 

WRIOHT. WILLl-VM (1S37-1898), 
mi»u'infiry and iiutb'jr, bum on lli Inn. IHST 
at tlnnarda, near ItallifhUiid, lu vo. Down, 
wnn tlm younfcii*! cblld of WitliHiti Wricbl, 
a North of Inland fnnDrr, Uj liit ivife, Mi>« 
Nibloclt. H« wn* inlucnli^l nl a ■innl! rininln- 
•cboo), aiul lupulpmcutud tbc dnRcii-nricn of 
~ 'i> tnntrevtoni by n mincvllanooiu cuunc of 
ing. l'vte<<>»i!d uf uiiusual nbitily, hu 
ivM>lved lo pr^pani liiiniielf fur the civil 
wrviot', and, nfli>r punin^ n feir monUia al 
BdliHt Koynl Aradetnir:)! liuiitiition, 
■atriciilnt^'d in <jUMn'i Colleen in I^l^8. 
A Tiait lo Beirut by CluirlrJi llnddon ifp)it- 
geon L5- *■] datennined Wrinht to Iiccouir 
'nionUYi and on leaving Ijueen'n f '-uU 
h* aludied thedlugy at tbe fuaembly'v 
ebllafW and al (ion^ra. Abuul lMi5 be pru- 
OMifod to Dainau'114 ai- luiHsiiiiiiirv M the 
Jem. Uurinff tho ten years ibnl lio »peiit 
in ibd I'Jiut be actiuinxl n kitowlt^^i of 
Arabic. Btudied ibecuit.<iminnd topoKraplir 
"Palrdline, nud made ejui'ditioni in Sjriit 
id Kortbern Arabia. Ilii 'Accuunt a( 
'myn and j^iiubiih, vrtib Travels and 
dTvntuit« in Baftban and Ibe De*ert ' 
idon, 8vo), though not ptibli»bed unlil 
98M, was in rtvM pnrt written during iho 
joumoTa wbich it de.icriben. Whilo in the 
Con he filled Ihe [jont of apcoln] iwrrn- 

Moadeitl to the 'roll Mall (iuette.' At 
Dbumicbb ka made tb« ucquauitanti.- of 
Edward flMiry E^lmer [q. v.] and uf Sir 
Uicbard Burton. For Burton be bad a bl^b 
rr^rd, and pobhubml an apprrc^iaiity> sketch 
of hix charutci in Octobar ISBl in the fii»t 




' numbor of the ' Bnobnum,' under the ug- 
nalun of'Salib.' 

ItotuminK to ICdkIbhiI, Wrigbl ancOMdad 
Itobert BaJier Ginlleatoae (now Oanon 
(lirilleaton«) as editorial auperintendant of 
, the Brillsb and Foreien BMo Societ* in 
Junr 18Til, This postlie ivtained uutil his 
dcnth. During bi« tcniinr of ofllce 160 new 
versions o( the wbol« nr parts of the Bible 
I pamcd through bi« bands, and all tlio grvMit 
< veruai-utar Tertaom of India, China, and 
. other countnee uoderwvtit reTiuon. 
' ^V right's lilemrir labours were iiut limiled 
I by his olfioinl dLitirs. Wbile iu Syrlu he 
mode costs of the llumalb iniicriplioijs and 
from furtber io(-iTaiijiatioiii> oami- lo tb« con- 
ctuuuu that ibej were llittilu rrnuins nnd 
that H Ilittite eupira bad ut one tinin 
e\i«ted iu Asia Miuur and Northern Syrin. 
In I81M b« publisbed 'The Empire of the 
lliltiles' (London, 8vo), with u cumetilural 
dcciphnrmrnt of llitlito inscriptioiia by Ptu- 
fcMor Arcliibnid llriirr Snyi-r:, who bad ooiue 
toaimiliir concliiniotii. A lecond edition of 
lbs book ai)penred in Ihf^J.niid Wright con- 
Itibuted itie artiole on the ' llittito' lo 
'Cbambsn's ELuyclopu-diu ' iu 18(lu. The 
whole snlyt^Ct is stilt rntber obscure, but 
Wiiiflil must bp orndit<Hl with aniiKtiug 
miilvriiklly to elucidnta it. la 1^9^ he pub- 
lished another irurk of sonio fnmo, 'I'b^ 
Brontes in Ireland ' | London, rivol, which 
reached a ihitd edition within n year. It 
einbodied many [lenouiil lureslij^tions by 
^Vright, but totne of bis Etitteuienis vrcru 
COntrOTfTlvdhy J.IUniiMlvniu IWIT in 'The 
Dronti) Uotnalnnd: or Uiarvpreeeniationa 
rvcTilicu,' 

Iu ISllO Wrigbl wfti Mili>cl«d to repiT»- 
»ent (he Bible Society nt i^hnngbai at lh« 
conference of all tbe prutesliint mtsraona of 
China, at which, on bin inniuiii-e, it was re* 
fiolved to [iT«par« a standard version of the 
Bibli! in the chiof languageaof the empire 
to supersede! the various v«<r«ions in the taua 
script nt tlint time in usi>, U'righl's last 
years were saddened by the long illnnwi and 
denlh of his oldest aoB, W, li. Wright, n 
tninister of the presbytcrimi church of t.ug- 
Isiid. He died on 31 July IM)U at his r««i- 
denco, 10 Tho ATonnr, Upper Norwood.and 
WHS hiirii^d on 4 Aug. in West Norwood 
cemetery, lie was twicv mnrriod, and left 
n widow, three sons, and four daughters. In 
188:1 he recei»ed the honorary dogroo of 
U.D. Iruin (iltuiguw 1 iiivernity. 

Be«ides llie wurks already mantionird, 
WriKht contributed lo the ' Coutempanry 
llcvivw' 'The Power behind Ibe I'opo,' a 
vigorous nnrrntivo of tli« publtealioo and 
ovcnluai condi^m nation hy tbu Valioonof tbs 





Wrigh Island 



140 



W'riothesley 





popular VL-nion of llie Xew Te«lAin«MiT hj- 
UeuriLaMem'.tlie Antbor who madntho fame 
«( tli9 bnlf well nr I.oiirdiia. 'lliiiuticlcwM 
Mparatnly publiihcd iLniidoo, 1888, 6vo). 
W rif^t bUo contributed an iniroducliop on 
'Tbc (imwtbof tliu Etislinb Bibli^ ' to ibe 
' Compn:Li'n«Li« Cunoordance lo tbe Holy 
Sehpturea' (London, l^G, Sto); >diii>d 
•Bible Itehw. TliellliiRlnti-d FtibloTroa- 
•uiy,' I/iiidon, 18WI, Svn ; nnd wrote an 
iatroduction to Joxnpb I'oUiirt)'* ' Luid of 
tbo MonumRiiI',' I^ndoo, iHlXI, t>vo. 

VBihU Siicieiy Monthly Ri>pori. Scpietnbor 
iw'l Ootulivr )H99^ fnabjlcrun. II) Auff. ItUS 
(with portrsit); UiBiuastir HvmM •>( lliv Pnu- 
byt«rian Church of Inland. 3 Oct. 1899 (wiili 
nortntlt); BrilUh WMkly, .1 Aug. ISO!) ; Timn. 
3Aag. I8BS.] R. I. C. 

WRIOHTSLAND, Lokv. [Sm Ckaiu, 
SiiiLkwiii, lfi69-lfi2S.] 

WRI0THE8LEY. CHARLES (l.tOS*- 

l.j(I2), benil.l uii'l cbfdiiieler, wiiil by Anstia 
10 bov<' h.>oii bom on (l May IMW«l bi» 
fal.bfir't b Illicit oiitniilc C'rinjilojtatn, wan 
fourth nan of Sir Thomiui \\ rioibcuW (A 
1631) [0. v.j, by hi.i firni wife, Joun, dau|[b- 
tCT of WilLam Hnll of Salisbury. Tbomaa 
Wriolbealey, fimt vorl of Soiitliuniptou 

t^.T.liWasbiaflratcoiieiii, At a t'l'ry t<nrly aKe 
e adopli^il tbv p^)fl>«I<ion nf bi> inthnr, hi« 
gnLndiathtr, nml bin iini'ln, nnd nbtAiniid n 
•ubofdinatc pnnitioti In tbo bnmld'* nfSci'. 
In 152a, wlicn bi) was only fourti-un, if 
Aiutii'* dalu of.birlb in torrwit, bis uro- 
perty ' iii lands and (vwa ' was aMCHHed nt 
SHI. Qe, (Sd. Bud iu goods al -tO^., and on 
29 May liSft be was appoint*! rniiKe proix 
pursuivant (L^rfrrt and Paper; iii. 3i8f(, 
iv. 1.1:7 [28J1, and in 1521t lin wan admittpd 
Ifendiintof (irnv'i Iiin. tl» ipi'nhs of Ijord- 
nancvUor Audk-y ii» bi« ' mBnlirr.' and liis 
iDusin. the llrxt i-urt of Soulbaiupton, hn- 

JuUBtbiu] bim '201. un bis diittb in 15^ 
Trtivlyan Piiptrt, u 'J\H). Up wm creatpd 
Windsor bnmld on Cbrislmas day l.'i.11, 
and n-'tnini'd thla oRice until bin d^alb in 
Ilia biond f'amdnn'ii bouMt in St. Sejml- 
cbn-'a on L'5 Jan. 1601-L' ; he was buried 
witJi tbe usual biTaldic pomp in tbu uiiddin 
ftiateofSl. Sejiukbrr'eCliurcb on Ibe 27tb 
(MaCHTX, Diary, pp. 'i7a, a8S>). He was 
apparnnlly tirico married ; Ibe maiden name 
Of his firtt wife is (Aid ti liave bocn Mal- 
lory, and Ibe cbrinlian name of his second 
wai Alit^c; he ii not kuowa to have tuft 
children . 

Wriolbc'ley was author of the chronicle 
now ealk'd ' Wriolbeik-y's Chronicle.' The 
original maQnscri(it is not known lo be ei- 
Uttt, Uie only Huting copy being a tran* 



script madf larly intbt nevcntcRntkcenlofy 
probably for Henry \Vrioiho»loy, third carl 
of SoutWnuton [a. r.] Ii i>aurd into tli« 
pocAM^oo of (be FV^rey family by ibe IDB^ 
riage of Kliiabvth, daughl«r of IliwaM^ 
fourth c«rl of Soatbampton ^q. v.], to Ja«e»- 
linaFerc]r,ol«vitnlhrai'lof Nonbnmberlaud, 
and bdongtid to l.<ord II. M. I'nrcy in iS~i, 
wbeu it wnn cdit«>d hv William Donglat 
Hamilton foe the Camdrn Socirty (2 toU. 
1H7&). Tha chronicle in •noBTmou*, bnt 
int«nial avidruce pi>iftta cotudtinrdr ta 
Wriothealey'* authorship; in ili« mun it 
may b« n>gardrd so a c»ntinnation of tb« 
chraniRle of Itichard Arnold [a. t.J, whom 
aJHler woiwcond wifcof Sir.Iohn W riotlH^ 
ley or Writli fq. r.], Charlo* Wriotbeslov'a 
gnudfiither, and the reifni of Henrv \'ll 
and Erst oleviMi year« or tlniry \'lll aru 
littlo more Iban transcripts from Arnold. 
Aflcr that date Wnotb«slay becomM an Jn- 
di-pendent authorityoff[r*at raliM; inmanr 
CBnes. such a> Ibe trial of Aniw Itolryn, hit 
buppliea new iiifomintioii : and tn otbcra, 
whera his difler* from geiiemllr received 
accouDta, bis iMtimony ^waya mirrit* care- 
ful consideisiioD. 

[An aMOuot of Wriotb(«I(iv and a datailnl 
rianiinalion of hit clirooicla ai* giTon ii. 
fiamillon'a prvfnee (Camdvlt Soc.); KV alao 
Addil. MS. asara, r. 37 ; AsMii'* Order at thr 
tiarter. i. 373. 11. iiir ; LMMra and I^ip«n of 
H«iry Vlll: Hvmcr'a Fiidera, iv. IMT. *iS: 
Fofler'i Grai'i Inn Beg.; aadaathoritinidiad.l 

A. F. P. 

WRIOTHESLEY. URXRY. third E*Kt. 
orSorrn*ai>Tos(li'fra-lfi2-l),Shakosp«ijB'* 
patron, was seeoiid son of HflnrjWriolbealc*, 
second «irl of Si^i ill amnion, by bii wi/e, 
.Mnry Itrnvrnn. daii|;blor 0I the ^r*t viscount 
3toobi^u«. Ill' was born nt bia inalcTnal 
ffri.ndfalher«re!.idunce, Cowdray IIoum.iwu' 
Midhural,oniI(X't.l&73. Iliafatherdiedtwo 
days b«^or» his oi)|-bth birthday [nee \\'Kia- 
THMi^r, TnoMU, Orst Eakl of SorTHAUp- 
ton]. Tbii elder brotliOT was already dead. 
ThuK on 4 Oct. 15A1 he bacam* third earl 
of Sonthamfilon. Hi* rnntber rpmainvd ■ 
widow during nearly the wbola of hi* 
minority ; on 2 May 1C91 Bbe married Sir 
Thoma.s IlHueage, vice'Cbauilwrlaiu of EUta< 
betli's household ; but h« died within a year, 
nnd in l-lt^S »h» I^hiIc n ihird basband. Sir 
William Ilcrvey, wbodisiinguiabadhiinMlf 
in military wrviCR in Irrlaiid, and waaeroatod 
liordHerveyby Jameal, Aawoicuclomary, 
the young earl became on hia father'a death 
a rovul ward, aud Lord Burghley, tUe pruii« 
minisl<^r, acted as bU guardian tn kiaetpa^l 
city of matter of tli« conrt of ward*. At ' 
tbo ag«oftvtiT*,uttba autumn of l&S6,h*j 



I 



Wriothesley 



141 



Wriothesley 



VBS •dmittcd to St. John'ii Cullt^ge. Cam- 
biid^ Nest aununHr be mdi bis KuaHiaa 
BiugUqr an Mwy iu Ciceronian r«iiLn on 
tiw aoineirliat cynicAl loxt that 'AH men 
are Bovetl to tno niinuit of rinan by the 
biOfc of reward.' Thi! paper, on admimbls 
SHciniMi of CAligrapliT, in prcanrvvd at 
Halfleld. He rcrDaineU at tCt- uiiit-vnicy 
for four jrcnrs, gruluBtiDf; MA. at Bixteii<n 
in 1689. Befon- Itinviiig ctOlefft' h? pntirad 
ltiiiiuiii«ajastui]VDtat.Gray'i> Inn, and noon 
kfti-ra-aida look into htH*}>iiTnn<l]iiitnm0tiv' 
Johu Florio [q. T.],th<i well-known mitlidr 
toA tt&lian tutor. Acordini; lo l-'luriu tliu 
varl quickly acquired a tiiuiuuL'ti knuwlviiKi- 
of ItJian. About lG9U,w1i«n tie woklmnllv 
mom tbim ii?ventMn, lie w»h piviwnliHl lo 
Queen Hliiubi^th, who abowiKl liim kindly 
noticv, and her favonrit*, llw^ Marl of Kbl'S, 
tliVDCierortb ctigplayrd in hia wp|fsrL> a bru- 
tlierly inti?r«i«t whifth proved in courai- of 
t4aap a doubtful bluMing. In T.L« Hutumn 
of IWShewajt in tht- [Lroiig of noblpmpn 
that neaunpanicd Etiiabelh to Oxford, nnd 
wai tecOffniwd as ihe most bandnimr^ and 
aocomplialitd of all thp young lords wbo {Tr~ 
quentsdtlieroj'al prrwmcci. lnlS93Soutb- 
uopioii was mentioned for nomination M 
• kDiebl of thn garter, and ahIioiif;!i I19 waa 
BOt lAOMiii the ooniptiin^ni of uotnlnfttion 
WM^ at hta agu, unprewdenied ouuida the 
circleaf ibaaOTUtHi^'skinsnwn. On 17 Nor. 

1G90 bv distinguished himiii^lf in rlie lints set 
up in ili« queen's presence in Lonour of thu 
ilurtj-*eT«aith anninomry of bur accuaaioo, 
■Bi) wu lihened by Oeorip) P«el, in his 
account of tlie aoane in Ilia ' Aaglorum tV 
riB,' to B«via of Southampton, the ancient 
type of chivalry. 

' Liieraiuru was iVom early manhood n 
chief iDlereat of Snni.hamTiton'i life, and 

before he was of age hr ncliiered wide TH- 
pntatinn aa a patron of the puels. From 
tlie hour that, as a handoouia and accnm- 
plialwd lad, hi! joined the coiirl nnd inndi^ 
London bis chief home, a>illi>ir< arknow- 
ledgvd his appreciation of Utprnry riliirl of 
alBDOet ereiT quality nnd fcirm. llist^'ot 
weal lb was n«cly dUiH-nM-d umonfi' his lili-rury 
enloguU. In IKSSllarnaliellnmuiappended 
a Kinikot in bis honour lu hia cuUeolion of 
lonneis called ' I'artlien'iphil arid I'arthe- 
nophe;'ia 1091 TliouiwNwhiipferibBdhtm, 
wbeodtidiciittui; tohlnihiN ninntncvof Jnek 
WillODa'as ' a liear lover ami chiTiihcr nn well 
of the lover* of poot* oi of Ibn poMa tliem- 
eelvp*.' Forhiro Xnnh»pem« lo hove penned 
at ihi- tame time n Inncivioiis poem entillLwl 
'Tlie Choosinft of Valeiilinwi,' wbicli i.ipen« 
aud rkHeB wttli a souiii'l to ' I^ord S[^i>iith- 
unpun].' In 150& Genaso Mnrkbnm in- 




Bcrilied to him in a lonnet bis |iniriniic 
poem on Sir Kicharj (Irtrnville's hght off 
ibeAiores. In l&UB Florio aasociaied witb 
bis name bis gnM Iialian-Euglisb die- 
licinary, ■ A Worlde of Worded.' But iha 
cbinf nf Southampton'* poetic clients wad 
Sbakespcnro. In April I.'iR.^ E^linhMp^are 
dedicated to Southampton hi« poi^m ' \ pnus 
and AdoiuH ; ' there Sliiikctpeiire's Inngmige 
inervly iiuf^'AtH the ordinary relation* mlD- 
si«ting boiu'een a Mwceuus and a poetic 
napirnnt to his favonrobl*" iwlict'. In May 
1I!i1lI4 KhnknipeuQ affain ifTceli'cl Suutbamp- 
lonanhi>^HitTan,dHicatiniit(ihinihit#^'«oiid 
narrative poem 'Lueroce. In hi* 
dediiTHtor}' epislle lo the earl Shaheap 
u»ed the lau^uHf^e of deroted friendihin; 
although such lan^age was eoraiuuu nt tliv 
time in commnnicni.inn between putrons and 
pucls, Hhnkmprnr'''* employnirni of it ia 
emphatic ('Oou)(b to >uf;(^st that his inti- 
macy with Soutliumpton hod Ixieomn vnry 
close aince be dedicated* \'enoii and Adonia' 
lobiiu in more formal lanftuHKHayear bitfnre. 
Kvidonce of Southampton b love for llio 
Klimbnthiin dmmn ia nhomlnnt, and there ia 
a very ml bttanliul corroboration of Smithamu- 
ton'a regard for Shnkejipi'are, which the doi£- J 
oetjona of the two narrative poemH attest. In 
t]|« statement made by Nicholas itowe, 
Shalleapeaie's first ade«iuale bio^'rapher, an 
the compelODt authority of Sit \Villiaai 
l)'.\Ti^nant. Thi* ttnlcmcnt runs thus; 
' T'heiT' i* one iiwtnnce ao *inKiilar in lis 
moKiuBcenco of l.hia patron of Sliakcfn.'are'8 
[i.e. the Eail of Boulliampton], tlini ii I hod 
not been axsured tbut the story iroii banded 
down by Sir William Il'Avenunt. who waa 

trobablvvKry well acq iinintvdivilb his affaim, 
alinnld not venture ro Iiatr imtertwl ; (hat 
my lord Southampioii at one time gave himJ 
B thousand pound* toennble him loftothrouji^h ' 
with a purchaj^Q which he beard he had a 
mind to. A bounty vt*ry great and von-mro 
ni any time.' 

Southampton is the only patron of Sliake- 
ipcnre who u pnaitively known to biofimphere 
of the drumntist. There i* thirfifon^ •troug 
exlirrnat prmumptiou In favourof S>ulhnmp- 
lon'sideutlGcaliou with t beau onvmou* friend 1 
and patron whom tha poet dtu»cnbe!i in hia 
sonnets at t be sole object of hia poetic adula- 
tion. Thetheory ihntthe msjonlyofShake- 
*jn>nr»'» annnel* w(To addre»sf>il to .Soulh- 
nmpion in powerfolly *upporli>il by iiitenml 
evidenci'. Several of till sonncia which 1 
avowedly addressed to thi> putron nf tli 
writer's [".letry embody lBU((iini[e alron 
idcMticul wiih thai employed by Suatieapi'ara J 
in Ihededicaiory epiFtlleof ■ Litcrece,' KLue-; 
w hem Shake" pcort complain* that his own 



Wriothesley 



14* 



Wriotbeslev 




..lAi hispstran'* eMeem is 
't^'flw fcvaur iMsMored by iLe 
puron OB rival poeU. In 1&(M, wUeti moM 
of Sliak<»p«iie'B Mnn«u were probably 
wriiim, 8ouih«Dipton w«a tb«> c«nlr« of 
Btlracliou aiQongpnntii'ai'pintit*. Nootli«r 
p&tran's IJiToiir n*' at tho momi'nt mnrc piT- 
siilmllTMitftit bv newcoinr.ri in the lilMnrr 
tinid. Tbi^i« n pcnaibilitT that rUiBkiMjM-ani 
Mw hi* chief rival in 1)a^ulbl^ Jlanit-*, a 
youthful pmlffft at ibe «arl ; Bftraet, id oim 
of bit MOcnHU. bad eulogised Soatlwmptoo'a 
vii1u«a and tiiBpJfingwym in lanftHftf[owbich 
pbnses in Sbak«*peiu>i'ii connci* (0«m to 
ratlect. In othor imnnntii in whiok Sbftlw- 
M«Mn nvann lore in t li« Klixabelbaa MdM of 
frictidihip for a handjiouu vouth of vwllb 
and mak, thtvt im maaylunta of South- 
ampMn'a known cbaractar *ad Ctfwr. Thn 
uptining eeqitenca of «¥fnipnn »nnnptn, in 
wbicli n youth of nnh and vcnltb ic ad< 
inonitbAl to cnnrry and bccct a am >a that 
'bia fair boiiBp' mi^y nal fall into d«oaf, can 
only biiVL' bi>en addrmsod to a youug pevr 
like SuulhiiuplOD. wlio wa» n« y«t unmar- 
HihI, bad vndl. poMeMJoiM, nnd w«« llir miIk 
sialic retirw^ritative of hia family. 

i4i)iiTnampt«n doubtloM insnirctl Sbstcp- 
Rpnari-; with gtaiumt ncmonal ometioiu but it 
wa« in piTrfuet occma with the forma of ad- 
<lm» tbatwura cuMoEnarv in tbe iutercouNu 
of potria with patroiM for i^1iake»p«nr« lo 
■liMvribii )ii< rvUtion» with hla Mmreni* in 
ILh luiguagn of an ovmnaxli^riii([ pnuion. 
Some Msg^ttion wan impcratirQ mmong 
EliMbet.ban lonnrtiRcrs in dqiictitifi tbu 
pcrtnnnl nttrnplioa* of u patron. Bui tbt- 
fixlant purtraiUof SuutlmnipI'Mi conlSnu tbt' 
'Cur'iiiiiHH.'t with whicb the *)nrii*t'» bi-ro is 
orwlili-d, Shakt-fjiearoV frpqimnt ^^^fn^■np^>a 
inhiasonnolstnliis y nut lifiil patron's 'piiint«d 
Coilnl«rfitit ' (sonntrt* Itt, 24, 47, W) wore 
doubclMW lug^tpd by thu l'r«iiicncy with 
which Houttumpton mI for bin portmit (wl» 
lial of portrnin ad tin.) Sonnet 88 bu an 
•Uuiou to tht^ foutti't * golden trecM*,' and 
Soutbamplon is known to havo attrBCied 
tpecial attention nl court, by hia vanity in 
wearinf hi* auburn hnir a> Inttfc lU to fall 
Iwlaw hi» ibiiuldpn. The loiciviou* tenip>^r 
with which Shnkojipoan-'crtnlita hi* bt-ro, and 
tbepatron's iiitriffui! with tbupnut'smislTPM 
which tb« Buuuela indicate, aty- in full agree- 
ment Willi wbtil is known of Soutliampton's 
youthful amiiura. Tho extivms ynnth with 
which thn linri} of thn tonnntu in nc timm 
credited pnisfnt-i nod ilBcu It y. SoulbniDpton, 
who wa« twi-nty-onu in lo9l, woji guaerolly 
ju'lgud to bo vounK for hia ytan, whifij 
aerious-ininded Shahespeitre at tb« age of 
thirty — on the threshold of middle age — 



naturally trndinl to i'xajnc<''^i''<hn diflnntnM 
bpiwrcn liii boyiih patron'* age and hi« ows 
' (Elixabrtban «iuiett(*n, moRorcr, bolntn- 
•Uy rr^pMltd PetratcbVconventioaof fpt«k< 
in^ of t ni^m»elre« as fiw adTaiictd in yean). 
' Snanct 107, which SMifti to rvfer to (be 
dnih of Qniwn Kliialietb ami tbe accewioa 
uf Jamni 1, may be n«udnd u * ooonatn- 
btory cRPtinK friMu i^kx«pMrc on Sonth- 
smpluu s rclniM) from prison, nnd ■« doubUoM 
Ibelatlof ihrufrii!). (Shakeapenre'* sonnet* 
weni not publiBheii till 1606, altbough they 
had bven circulated #*rli«r in uanascript. 
The printed voloaie wu the surreptiiMua 
vesturoof a durrpntaMnand hair-«ducsl«d 
publiiliLT, Tbonua Tbotpo [q. r,', who knew 
nothing of the aonnela' ime tijuory, and, 
dedicated the book to a friend in the trada 
wbn was a partner in the iransnciion of tli 
puUication. Thorpe, in the naiol-like liu 
KUWi tbal b(t invariably alTeclecl in sao 
dedicatory jpvrlinirii nn nn> rxtant frott hi* 
eccviitric pen. adapted to hii bimourBonie 
poroses the common dcdicntonr femiiiilri~ 
(which 'wish«tb' a patron 'all DappinaM] 
and 'niemit^ '), and poided future atudenli 
bv bombaairMlly dabbing the fnend 'Ml 
W. !IV who procnrf^ for him ibe ni 
anthnriMd * copy ' of ibn sonnets, ' thti ' 
begi-tlurof ihene Rnniin);*onn«tii;' Tlio 
eniplovt^d ' bepettcr' in Iho *eiiH 'if 'pro* 
ciirer. in uccurdance with a not nnbinuinr 
Kliinbcit.h.in uaage. Tlieliwsof BliuhethaB 
hitilirij^iphy n>ii(kr il irrational to aeA in 
Thorpe* di'dic.itnry bnmbiwt for a olue to 
(he imriorn* (^onimemovated hy i^hnkespeais 
in the text of hi» lonucta.) ' 

At Ihf tinw thBtSbak«Hpearewa*tirrnn 
his eulogies in 1094 Soulhampion. aliboi 
jnst of ags, was still unmarried. Wben 1 
won *eventeeD Unrghlny liad 8ura«$t<^ a 
union batw*cn him nnd hi* gntnaiiau)ibtLT 
Lady Elizabeth Vcrr, dau([bternfthe Earl<^ 
Oxford. The Counts** of Sontiumptnn ap- 
proved the match, but Southampton dpelin«d 
to entertain it. By xomn obsiTvi-rn ml court 
hnwnare^ardeJasToo fantastic and volntik to 
mnrry at nil. In lAOA be involved binualf 
in nn intritiiiriwil.honoof tbieqiieen'swailinfT 
women, Kiitnbt'th.dauKhtiTofJohnVcmon of 
Hodnot ill Shrop.'Jiinr, nnd n finrt cousin of 
the Earl of Essex. Tb<! amour wna dirnipd 
injurious to his reputation. In 1506 he with- 
drew from court andplayed apart ok a voIbd* 
t«pT with bis fViend Enu in the uitilaij aod 
naval expi^ditinn to Cadit. Next year ha 
ngaia nri^onipanicd Easex on thn expedition 
to the AtoTTB. Theae npciricnceii doT«]Mied 
in liim a martial ardour which ifflprovad oia 
position, but on bit return to conrt in Jonn* 
ary 1G08 he gave new proof of bis impctu> 



Mpeais 

imnin^H 
Iboiu^^^l 
'benkS^ 



t 



Wriothesley 



*43 



Wriothesley 



oui tctajHT. Uue <:vi.-iiiD|; iii iLut niunlb 
JtAlqib witk 8uUtliaiaiiU>u aiut a ci}urli«r 
BUned I'UliHr wvn jiUiuig at prini"rn in 
tha pTHenoe cliuiibcr, mi wlirn AnibriiM' 
Willooglilijian iuquir4>i>ri)iRWIy,ri'i]lle*lc<t 
tbnm to (U»Ut on tiic nucco'i wiltidiawal to 
her bcdclunibi-r, Souitiftmpion aituck ^^'ll- 
louf^il)j', and (luiiue Ihu louflle tlul untueil 
' (lie FSiiuin- pulUd off tM>ui« of lliv ■.•erl's 
l«cliA.' Null momiiii lk« queen tkankcd 
Willoii^Uby for wiml hi- Jid ( .Syi7«ry Pufirrt, 
ii. Kl>. l^lvt, ia l^OS, S»ut!iiinipl()n no 
ccptdd a *ubDrdinalii jiUco in thn ciiito of 
tlio quMn'B sccKtar;, Sir Itolwrt Ct'cil, nlio 
wui jtoici^ ou «o embiUBy to Ptri*. fiefon< 
lt«Tiiig L'>nJun be mtcrliuiiud kin uev cliief 
wilk ft dramatic etitecUiniDCJit, WLile iu 
Pari* ba learned tlmt fall naioreoa, l^limbcth 
VnTimo, viu about tobacomaa inir>lhr'r,nnd, 
barrfind home, ha urcrctl; madi' lirrbin wife 
duriof; tbu few dnTs bu rumni&ed iu Uii|[- 
Und. ^\'liru \he uows rancbeil ibe qtMWnalie 
WM full gf B[%irT aud iuuvd urdiUM for the 
UTWt of boUi tke brid« aiul bridegrooDi. 
* Hi* aew-coinfd oounteM ' wes at ArM di»- 
iiuFi>Rd with much cnnlumrirfrani hor [ilniw 
nl coutt and tbtin eommiltol to 'th« bi-»t- 

■ppuiiit«lludj[ini;'n<''<^''''''<^''t'^>t''>'>^'''''>iu 
lo Carlelon). A fi'«- weykslutii: Soultiuaip- 
ton. on lu4 r«turu Ciuui I'raut't', wu4 CHrritil 
to liia Mme priMii. Alibuiii,-b Li- wax (•mh 
relMU^l froia gaol, sU ovenui'* of ihi.- ijiit'CTi's 
faTiHir wnrc thviu'cftinh rl'isod In him. 

Earlj in 16ttH Itn i>riii^ht nu ploy men r in 
tli« want in [Ttdand, and ai^tyimpnnii'il thither 
111* fripnd Eiwnc nho liud bii'n BDi>oititi!i} 
lonl-ikputy. EMKinuiDiiinicdSiutfiuiupii'ii 
K«n*ral of uis lior««, but Kliiabvlli rvTutivd to 
coaAnn the nppointnicnt, and Em^x, after 
tnncb minlonci', won obli]{e<I lo cancel it in 
July. In tho autumn of lROt> Koiicliamtilon 
woo idling in I.ocJou wilfa hU fiicnd. Lord 
Butland. liiii love of the drama nai bin 
Oaily muuiw. He uvuldi-d ibt- ivnirt, aud 
'lulMod away tl^ liiu« lui'ri'ly iu ^oint: to 
play* rvMy Jay' (Sydiii-i/ Pttptn, ti. 132). 
Aa (ix<n t* I'juci was criinRiilipd to cuMoiiy 
CO bt* rolum to Kii)ilaitd fniui Imlatid in 
Uetober IW9, S^iulhamptou wan in frn^ucnt 
couuaunJcaliuii wilbbini, aiidwiseradually 
drawn into ihu cun^pirncy wbmiby Eaws 
and ku frieoda Oeaignisd lo rc^Iii by vio- 
teno* tfaoir uiHnwiM u court. To July 
1600 SaiithatDpton rsviRiln] livUnd, in 
order to pvnuMlc tliu nnw deputy. Lord 
Mounljv^', to return lo \V'alcit with an nrmy 
that mwbt be uwd tu in;rr« Emi-x'i in* 
t«r««t«,UitMo°iDtjoy proird unconciWor^. 
A« aoon ■>■ I^Mex regauied bin litwriy in 
Au^*l, he nod his oMOciatM oftuti tu^t ai 
SoutluuDpbin s booM to deviw a Kheiue of 



n^belbuD. On Tlinndny. & F«b. 10U>-I, 
SoulhamjiUiu trul a tnewa^ and fcirtv atiil- 
linjn to til* playt'ra at tlw Ulobo TkeHir«,| 
bidding ihaoi r^vtvit forthrfollowinii 8«liir-l 
day Slinhmpoarc'iiptay nf ' Itichnid II 'sn as 
to oxcitc the London public by prp*cnting 
on the bIdru the dn'poiitinn of a kinji. 'I'ho 
purformancfduly look plncu. Xrxt momiiiff, 
Suudav, 8 Feb., I.ben; lolluwvd lli« outbiwu 
which EsMX and Soutbenipt on Lad oii^anwuil 
<or«mnv4> tVirnn^mieefrom ihaoourt. Tlio 
rising failnl ciimpleli^ly. Konthamplon wi« 
nnvntrd aud tent to ihv Tower, aiul oiki 
in 1-Vb. vat brought with Esua to trial an| 
a capital cbarip- of treiiBUo b«forv a ipcciol 
(■ommitiaion of luetity-liie jirvn uud nine 
judge* Mt ting in W«»tiuit)»tn lIolL $outli> , 
nmpton dacland in tho course of the tnaT 
that the fluoena mcrntary, Kii Kobert Cecily 
hod told nitn that the SpnuiKh infant* was] 
Elintbcth'tf rightful *uct:caiKir. (.'cell liotly 
dvnii-'d iht' daiuuging allr);Bli[in. Uolh do- 
fcudauts nun- vouiiottd uod I'liudi'iuued lo 
dualh. Cecil intere»t«d luniavlf ia tecuri&ga 
a conitnntation of Soutbampton'a 8enteaioe.i 
lie ploodr^ that 'Ihn poor young earl, merely 
Col the Inve of ICuex, had been drnirn l&tO 

thin ntliou.' and bii puninhment wai cdiu^ 
n)iit(.>d tu luipriBunmi-nt for life. Further 
uiili^tiou wuB nut Tu !>■• looknl tot whil« 
(he uuwti lired. EMex tent Soutlumpton] 
a pathetic letter of farewell before his eiHci^ 
tlon on 2A Feb. 

Ehts bad been Jnmea't ewom ally, and 
the king! tir«t act oa bia occeMJaai to the 
cruwti of England wat to act Soatbamptou 
frfe(lOAptiUG03). Afl«r a comlinenei ' 
of more tlian two 3'ear8, SoutbamMoa Ihu 
r^uued, undi>T happier nii*picc*. nia place 
el court. I'opiilar aynipnthy ran high \o his 
favour. Samuid llnniel and John UaTice 
nf Hereford oflbrL-d him coiigntuUlianaoii 
lui releMe in vctm-, Itscun nadre«*od Lim a 
proee epiaile of wwlcoine, aud ^alte^eare'* 
vjDoel 10? may well bo <u»ociatvd with tho 
general joy. 

,\a (loi)u aa Soiilhninplnn waa at libcntT> 
hn was ^ven high honoura. Ou 2 July 
ItlOS be waa cronttf! ILU. f'ire daya latiir 
he waa spiiointed captain of tli« IbId of 
Wight and Oarisbrouke Cuatle. as well a* 
i steward, aurveyor, rewiv^r, nnd bailiff of 
the royal mnnorK in the islaiul. lie was n>- 
creal«<l Farlof .SouthnmpInni^SI July 100.^), 
and on IS April IWli wu fully reftorvd in 
blood by act nf purliamejil. On 10 Dec. 
I(i03 be bueitmu keeper of the king'* gama 
ill iba diridiuuB of Andovec, Sawlor, and^ 
Kiugtclen.', nampshin?. He WMBade! 
liQUt«uaiit of ItHmpshire, jointlv with 
Earl of DcTonihiro, on 10 April llX4, i 



Wriothesley 



U4 



Wriothesley 






«aniim*noiierfor llin union with En^uid nn 
IOMht. 'HiL'npwqucniiihowcd hini special 
favour. In 1003 lieeiiterlJiiiivdliecal Soutb- 
unifiloii Iloiiue. arid t^ii/Hj^iJ Burbn^e utkI 
Iiiscoiiipnnyornctorf, "f wboru SI ink •■■■pear* 
WM on", to art ' LriTp's l.iiboiir'* I^nI ' In hor 
prexniicn. On 10 Oct. li» wn» mnilij hnr miut- 
t«T of ihn ffn'O''' "'' j'>''i'''i her miinpil on 
8 Aug. 1604, mid wlieii nirtmR n» ilcwnrJ at 
the laojmilit/i'Ut ciilcrtuittiniMit ^ivrii ut 
'Wliiteliul ou 19 Auf;. lOUl in buuuur ot 
the aiding of a troat y i>f pi<act> u'itli Spnix, 
lie tw4CP oancei] a cfimnlo witli rliv' rjiiwn. 

ftiit Soiithamplnn'i impel. iioulv hitd not 
diminiahei). hi July Iflolt, whm th« nurcti 
oxprcMcd aatonnlimt'nt, iti t!ip ournL' of citn- 
vurMtion vrith him in thu prpiiuiipi- chitmber, 
* that w uuui; f^f'^*- tuviL did so little fur 
ihumseU'es ' on tlii< fatal dav •>( E>«es'a re- 
bellion, Soiitlirimplmi rvplifid Ilini rliry wntv 
parnh'utd by thn counii> skilfiilly tnlii;n hy 
thoif opponrnts lo mnliL- ihi-ir nttc^mpt Bppenr 
to In- B iriroionahlu nltack on t^ueen b.Iixa- 
beth'sptrBuu. But furl hut fuIsL- culuurgiven 
M our action, noiii- of lliuw^. said he', with 
whom our qiiamtl reially wm, ' diir»t h«»e 
Oppotpd iifi,' l^rd Orry, nn nnnniy of l''»apx, 
wilh whom Stmthnmpton hnd c|urtrrfllnd in 
Irt^Innd.wai ataiKliiifiby, nm!,iiniixiiiin(( him- 
•slfBimed nl, fiert'i-ly retorted nt the wurd 
' dunl ■ that the duriiis of the ndvernnries of 
E«9e.\ WUB uot infenur to that of ht8 friends. 
SouibniuptON gave hi« interlorutor the lie 
direct, und whn »f">n nftorwdriN ordpntd to 
tbp Ti"iwi>r fiir hi« iiifrin(ri'innnl of the {mnca 
of the pnlnei'- AUhouiili he did not forfeit 
thu good opinion of the king und quccQ, 
Jauu* I's chief mimster, I^rd Salisbury, who 
luiew him of old, di8Lruat«d bini, and his 
«flbrta to obtfliu aomothiDg beyond orna- 
msnlnl oftico* wom iinsuocewful. He thnrw- 
fom dcvotnd hii ampin loi*urc nnd ivcnlth to 
OTguuMnK colonial enterprise, lie helpndio 
equip Weymouth's expedition to \'iraima in 
IvOo, and became u member of the \ irginia 
CompaDy*a council in 1009. llewnMndmitied 
a mpmbne of the h^^t tndln Compitny in tlie 
name yi-nr. In April IfilOhnholnnd to den- 
patch Hc'ury lludnon to seek the North- 
wert I'niBupe, nnd wn* nn ineoriHiriitor both 
of the North-west I'BssnguUumpiiny in Wi'J. 
and of the Somera IsIbiiu Company in UiI5. 
Ho w.i* cboden treasurer of the Virpiiia 
Company on 2H June 1<1^, and reUmeil 
office tililhe company*)! charter was declared 
void on 16 Juno 1621. Tho papom of the 
company, which an' now in the Congress 
Library at Washiugton, were entruatt^ to 
bis keeping, and tliey are said to have Ijeen 
purchajwd by a Virginian settler, WiliiBin 
Byrd, of Saulhnmpton's son. Tho map of 



NewEnftlond Ronimirmorat«a Southampton's 
labour* as b coloniBl pionerr. In his honour 
wi^-ro named South*niptan Hiindrcd( 17 Nov. 
IBilH, Ilnmpluu River, nnd ilam^on lloada 
in ^'irgiiiin, wliile Southampton 'tribe' in 
thn Snmers' IsUnd wu also called aftor 
him. 

Meanwhile aomn of ^iithampton'a auper- 
Kuous energy mntiniicil to Hnd nn outiM in 
court hrdwln. ln.\iiril IfllOhehadatjiiarrel 
with the Esrl of MuntKomcty,- 'they Ml 
out at time*, where the racket* flew about 
thoirears; but the maltcr was compounded 
by the king without further blooddied' 
(WiXWOOD, J/miorinf», iii. IIH). At Prince 
Henry's creation n» I'rinrn of Walea on 
4 Juno 181U he acted as the prinot'c canvr 
(i*. iii. 180). Still faithful to Basex'tmoraoty, 
he cnmo to London in ltil2 mpecially to 
support th»c-andidatiir« of SirllMtry Neville, 
Esirx's old friend, for the secretaiysbip to 
the kintr. In May next ynar, at th# opening 
of the dispute between the yoang Eul (^ 
Euex and Ilia wife.Soutbflinntoii rrpr(i*ented 
the youiif earl, together with Lord Knollya, 
at a meeting with the counleas'* nepcMoUA- 
tivM at 'n'1iit«hA]l, but im »ettl«iinait was 
powibls. 

Although Southampton had been brought 
up by bis parcnla as a CAihnlic. his lyeopa- 
thies rradiially inclined to prot^istantiEm. 
llis colleague in the work of colonial orgn< 
ninatiou, Sir Edwin Saudys, claimed to havo 
finally ronvwrt.ed him. In the continental 
iroublo which (■nntrwd round the elector 
palntinir and the electrva* (JaniM T's daugh- 
ter) Southampton gave iinhnkitnting support 
to the champions of protestantism, and b»* 
came a powerful advoc&te of nctivi! int«r- 
Tontion on the part of the English govern* 
mnnl to prnt.<^ct the Gorman urotoitaota 
from the ihrenlencd attack of the catholic 
emperor In 1814 he went out ns • voluo- 
leer to eugnge in the war in Clcves ; ICdward, 
lord Herberl of Chechury, occaaipanied him 
(cf. IIerrert's Autttiiogr^il^, ed. I.eu, p. 
\t6). In Mnyl6l7bepn>pciaed to lit out an 
expeiliricinofiwelvG thousand m«tn to capture 
the llorbary pirntia who plundered the sbiji* 
of Knglisb merelianli in the .MnlilemneMi. 
The mere bunts desired Souibamplon to lain 
command of iheexpeditiun. Gundomar,thG 
Spani'h anibaf^MiIor, strongly opposed tho 
soherap ; h^ ridiculed it aa designed to far- 
ther Southampton's ambition of becoming 
lord high ndniirnl of England. j\8 far at 
ScuiliBraplon WBS concenied tho sckeiae 
fell through. Later in the year (161") ha 
uccompsnied JamM I on a long visit to Scot- 
land, After his return the king acknow* 
Ii;dgcd his attentions on the journey by 



I 




Wriothesley 



'4S 



Wriothesley 



nominnTm^ himntiriTir councillor, llownit 
•worn nn 19 April l« 19. 

TiiLTi-iijion Souliiuinpliiu plnyi'd a moru 
prominnit {art iu liuini- p'.-ljtiuo. He juioiHt 
th(> mrty in till? erjitiii'il thai w&s oppuewl to 
llii- uvuur>li?,B»<^'ti"t''"""'^"il ^liaKCteriBlic 

![aarrvls1i«twvei] himnnil fluekinglmm wnro 
r«iqtiFnt. In AInrrli 16:21 Sontliamptan 
chflcknd Itnekiiighlun on n point of nrdor 
wWn hn BtUraptod to oiJclmii a cuniintiT(W 
of tbe two hoiuiM without liavins bwn np- 

Sinlvl D membifr of it (uf. Farltnmfntary 
ttt. V. 371). A Sgfat n««rl;r followvil in 
Ui9 Koiwe of I»rd«. In npposition to nuck- 
inghMD, Sc"ithnin)itfln tvJi>ntl<>Mly jinuARil 
tho diugcn rktrniiivt ituon. On 1*0 Mnrch 
1831 bo moTcil thnt u vitv i-urt uinwur be 
■est to Buion'a appi'ikl for lieluy. <_lii 3 May 
tut sironsljr tujiporlFil ImM Sny't proposul lo 
degrade BscOQ m>m th» pfprair^.aiul A»»vti'-^ 
OM he ought to 1>« haniahci). \ few ilny^ 
lam b« (ttiinKly oppnii^d tlii> (roivrnnicMil in 
tlior fMoIution locimii'mn Sir ilrnrj YpI- 
TCTton [q. v.] unlmanl. In thn lamo moatli 
Sootluiinpton iuritei) mumb-^n of both hoiiaoit 
(Otneet at liis liou»e in llolburu sntl concert 
neaaore* agoliut the fnvouriie. IIt> wa« at 
any ralo rewlveil to npnn ilimct ni>gril.inliiinii 
withllwrloctoirjmlnlmpnnil I'niir'<>i' I'Uixn- 
beth, whom midortuiiiu tlit' kiiift ami Biiok- 
ingban aeiinicil rc»olr<><l to l|^orf. t)n 
16 JinwSoulliamptoii vnu amitfcl n.i he left 
Uw council bridnJ, and trfta contliied iu the 
iKHUeof Jiihii WiUiaui«,lhe lorl-ltpeper and 
dmn of Wn« mill lit «r, nn the phnr;i[>t of mi«- 
diicvaun intn)[Ucu with niPinbpr* of i.ho Com- 
BOins. Ill' wumlciuiMin month Inter, twelve 
days afli-T ihu ndjuummcnl of pnrlinmi-nt, 
and waa ordurud to repuir to his own heui 
of TiuASeid in the cuModv uf Sir William 
Pafkbarat. Thence he adilrewwd to Wil- 
Uaiiu,wich whom hin rtilatinni wtire cnnlinl, 
a letter rimiic)lT>iiihmiltinK himirtlf lo tUi> 
Irioj'awilKHarifi.iJi.tf.S.rOOO. p. 461. He 
waa rHlii!t-«<l of reatraiiit ou 1 8<;pt. iCaiala, 

16R3, pp. -ita. atx, am). 

Soainampton waa in no moiMl lo curry 
&Toar with BuckiiiKliaTu, ami the quarrel 
wa» nnnr hnnleil. When in July 163-3 the 
privj* taimdlloN tnnl: an onth to •npportthr* 
Spttniiih marriaan trcnty, ^uthnmptnn via* 
oneof aiz wluntWntedthomnDlviui. llcnnd 
SdwanI lord j^uobewBTQthooDlynbiiitritfui 
wbo offered no excuw; for their nbw!iiCT>. 
During the swaion i>f parliament (Febriiory- 
May 1634^ bo waa wiK«ialIy active, tittin^ 
OD eocnmittOM lo conaidar Ihn ili^fnnce af 
Ireland, for atoppinn tho rJiporintion of 
mouev, and for rciiclBiina fircnrmn mote *er- 
▼iceHOle. He ahu> duvuiitl muuh unaroy to 
chKmpiouing the imperilled inluresiB uftba 

VOL. LXUI. 




Vhjpnia Cotnpaiiy, In which the Spanidl 
ambaiMdor wu* rcioliiluly boalile, bnl waa 
unable to prevent tbo withdrawal of iIm 
company's ebarl>;r in June 1624. U« wn» 
prewnt at the prorof^tiuu of purllnuienl on 
3f) May. Six waeh« later Soutlianiptou left 
Hn^Innd not lo ntnm alive. 

In thi! Dummrr a dirfcnaivp treaty of 
atlinnce ngaintt thncmpiinir win Mffiieil wiih 
the I'uitett Slnlei of llu! Nt'tliprlnmU, liy 
one arlicli? of wliii'h the Slntcn wcm prr> 
uitted to rai«« iti Kn^-liiuil a body of lix 
thoimnnd men. Tlii' wax promptly dcina,i 
nnd Siiiithninpton with liiit elder eon, Jnoieafl 
lord WriotliedeT, took command ofa tr 
of Bngliih voluiiiut>rs. Kathar and con, i 
landing iu the Low Countriw, wsf* Wh" 
altacllc^d by fvver. The younger man auc* 
curohed at once at RoaendHel. The carl re- 
gniimd ■ulRci'-nt stwnglli to accompany bis 
noii'j body to llntKon-op-Zoom, but lliero, ou 
10 Nov. 1G:M, he himnilr died ■ of a Ielh«rj;y,' , 
Fiilber and Km were buried in the i^hanc j^ 
of the church of Tilchfirld, tlnmpchiro, on 

Williams, a few dar« before, wrota .. 
Diickinghnm bp^ing ' hia grace and guodl> 
nnu towards iho moai diiitrc>i<ied widow i 
cliildren of mv Ijord Soiiiliampton'tOtAnfniJ 
p.;}99). Besides Jiimes, who di(,-d in llolUnd, 
boutbamptuti left a second sun, Tliomiu 
Wriolhealey, «'hu aucceedcil tu his oitattK, 
and is norio'd aepsralely. and three dauj;h> 
ti>rg: Piini'IopOjWtifi mnrried William, seeou ' 
bnron Spf nciT, of Wormlpigbton : Anite, wl 
msrriiKi i{ob<'rl Wallop Jo.v.], of Farl 
linmpshire ; and Kliinbeth, who mnrrioil Sir 
Tliomas EstCJiirl, a muter in chancery. 

Souibfiiiiplon ucver ceased tu churinh thu 
jifKwion for hnrik* which waa implanlfd in 
him ill boyhood, nnd hod brought him tliq 
pcrnonnl intimary of i^hakaapeare. Toward* 
ili(- Mid of bi» life ho prcawntpd n collection 
of books and illuminated maniiacrip!* to 
the valuL' of 3(10/. lo funiisli a new library 
which wa* Wiui; built nt St. John's l'olle(te, 
Cambridge (MAYoit, Ilift. ^f Sf. JoAn'f Col- 
tye, Qriil'ndff*). Until hia death he con- 1 
tiniiod to bo tlia iubject of much liierarf J 
eiilony. Henry Lcwke (or Irfik), neotwt 
('hnpman, Jojhua Sylveslcr, Hichnrd Rmtli- ' 
waite,Oeor|^W it hLT. and others wrote pmrRif 
ill his honour ilurtiif; his middle age. Min- 
sheu waa in 1SI7 among the achoUrs who 
war* racipinnts of his liountv. The com- 
bination in him of a lovo of literature and 
military ambition was espi-cinlly emphadiged I 
in his lifefime in I'amden's ' Itfilnnnia " and 
in ' The Mirrour of Majeilie.'by 11. (i., Ifili*. 
Sir JlJui Beaumont, uu his death, wrotu an 
elegy Trluch panegyriai;^ him iu tha varied 



WViothesley 



U6 



Wriothesley 



CApacitiM of wnrrior, councillor, blbcr, and 
biubciiil, but chicilv u a lilcrurv pairou. 
To lliB tam<r fft'iTt urv aomr Iwimly poona 
whii^ll wcTu pulilialieil ill i*>24, juvt »ft«7 
Soiutliaia{i<uu I* iWlh, iu a volume #dit«d by 
luM-buf kin, William Jonm.enTillmi'TrArcs 
iir till- itilt' iif Wi^hc, i^ht<i on tlir Tombv of 
t.lwir ni-«t hoIjI.', vaiaroun, ftnd laving Cop- 

lli-nrip. Kiirl uf ^uulbamplDti;' ibin was ra- 
{irintiil by Ituluiie iii tin-' Vuriomui Slisli*- 
apeart.' Ibil, x\. fiO sivj. 

S}Ulbiiuip<.ou'» ri>iinleiinnci> prnbnbly iiur> 
vivi-ii in laoiyi convMcii thsii llint of any of 
hiicontHBlponirii^f. rifUimcxlBClpuTtniUii 
havnbDon idciililiiedoiieDodautbonlv. Two 

CDrtraila tcprraonliim tuu «arl in i-nrlv uian- 
00(1 urn nl tVclbii'li Abbi^r- One, in nbiHi 
bo i:t iv»plfu<lL-uth atlir^J, la repniducw) in 
Mr. Fiiirfiiii JJiirrny"« cAralo^m of thn pic- 
luri'i nl \\>lhrvk, »iid in llii- prracnt ivrilw'* 
' l,ifii of Slinii«|«^ar« ;' it, wm probsWy 
pnintiKi wlii-a thi? var\ ww iiinl of ngo. Tlie 
Ht-cuiii) jmrlniit at WuIbtcK ib-'picta SoutL- 
ampt-jii livtf or tilx yean luti-r lU prison; « 
cat aiiiia bor)l;iii rii-hlv j"n>i|Kidbiiii!iii^aiu 
nn a <K-»k nl (iiv rigbl linml (rf, I'aikfax 
Ml'lilLiv. (.'jt/aluffui- 11/ rAr I'ii'lurf at JfV/- 
fieri). ( (f ihf runnininc cighi poiniiiiifj, Iwo 
■rp nuiitni-'il lo ^'un Homer, und repnw'Ul 
lb« i-nri in nirly micldk* ndc; out", a lialf- 
LDiifctb,B vi-rv ubuimiiig picluri-, uow bcloiisf 
to JuuiM Knowb-*, («j., of t^iioen AnnnV 
LoJ^H, ].->iidoil; ihe ctll*r, a full-lpn([lh in 
iJrsb drill blrt itnd bo<<>, i* in tho Shnkripi'irc 
MiTRiniinl OnUi^ri- nt. Si rut font -1111 -Avon. 
ilrreviddl l.liriw pniutcd ibf i-nrl Bt a iBlur 
pT^riod of bis carriT: tlip picluTHS Bri.' now re- 
tpetlit'lv ut \\'-jliuru Abbey (tbe property 
of I lie l»i'ili-/...f HvLif'inJl.st Aliborp«,a]iclat 
tb(> Nalioiiiil IVii'tmii (inllt'ry, I.ondnn. A 
siilb fiicl.un', .i**i)iinid to Mytoiis, brlon^ to 
Vi»eoiml l'aiwr*i?oiiri ; n upvnitb, by lui 
mikiiowa artisi. h.-lnnRa to Mr. W'inglield 
Digby 1 and ibc eiglitb (in artnuur) ia in tbe 
nusUff'* lod^e at 81. Jubn'n Culle^'e, Cnm- 
brid|[e, where Soiitli»iiipii->ii was fdiicattid- 
Tbi) minialiiri' by Iinnc Olivrr, 'nhli^b nUo 
nprnu^nlii Snuibnmplnii in Intc lifti, wiw 
formi-rly in Dr. Lumsdi-n I'ropcriVcnUii;- 
tion. Ii now bi'Ioit^ toa coUi-ctur at. llani- 
bui^. Tbu Iwo luiiiintiin.'H a«*i|[nei) to Peter 
Oliver bHlonj; m|iwtiTt<lj^ to Mr. Jal&rr 
Whilflii'.'nl ntid Sir FraDCu Coolt, bftil. (ch 
Valaligw of KihiHtion of Port rati Minia- 
lurtt at tAr Hiirliagton Fi'ne Ai't* t'luh, 
iMiuhn. IS89. pp. 31'. 71, ICK}). In all rli;^ 
bMl pruviTViiJ orilii'jp porlmitf tlip eyc«att 
bluo &D<I tbe Imir u dBrtt sliBdu of nubum. 
Among lb« middle-life portraita ^utbaiup- 
ton npit«at8 to be«l adnmtage iu ibu uno by 




%'an Sotuer b^lootpng 10 Mr. Janea Know' 
Tht'rc if a good print by I^tat. 

((giTTiiM MiiTkhmni*opfilMK)ir»'f biosTupli^ 
of S)UthitmptaD » T«U a* of Hmrjde Tank 
cnrl of Oifotd, Robert, tbird oarl of BaMX. Mid 
llubtrrt BmU. lord Willonfbby of Eniby. ta ■ 
work mli'Inl UimuaT In bit IVrrKtion, tflSL 
Natlinn Dinkr. ia lii>9bali«Bpc«r>andbMTi»ef 
<l»17). i'. 1-73, lapplWd tb* Ann fall »i^m- 
ni<-nt in fuTUUi of Sonlhtaplon** Idmtity ntb 
tli« Iiero uf !JliBk«RiMn'BtonMta. Slacb spaM 
ifdorotpd la S:«lbBmptoD''> tta\j \>U Bud hi* 
f«Titli>ji» «iih ShHkwpaart and the Rlicabctbta 
pnrti- ill ihaprnrnt wriii'r'* Lif'oftibakrnnn^ 
)8e8(iilDtlrata]r<lil. 1899). Ur.SaBa*(BM- 
Ift. in SbaknpMrc'i SonAi4a Rocootidotd 
(IRDU), nti«Minn> tbir «>ndniiiona them miehad. 
Sm nUu IlrTdicnt* Mnmnitief lb* IVtnof Bo)^ 
Imil, p, tii (Fq.: ll>nidira of Hnnry WriotboB- 
lc<y in ^Inlonc's S2ink»(icBrr, *ilitad by Jainea 
Tliitird] thi> yniiD(trr. VBH'«nm nliliaii, ISSr 
Tol, XX. : JbitooaH Iiiiiuirrinto ibu Autb«^licii_ 
of thi> Irvlncd Unnuforipu, 1704, pp. 180-94; 
G«mM MHBWy'* The Srcrot VrBiiiB of SWke- 
Minuv'n Kiiini-rii; IxKtt!a\I*aTtr*ilii. Tii. ISA**).; 
Edwd KdwarlK- Lira of llolvitti. 18«8. i. l&l 
■cq., 31G; Dif»er-u«'» lArm of tbp EnrI* o(^^ 
pj««x : S!<F>ldinx'« Life of "Bnetn ; GudiBaA^I 
Ritiurr uf P.netHiid ; BiovnVi Osoad* of Ibj^l 
Unitfd ¥ilatM: Hcivlv'* Ihrooa^: O. K C[a- 
lBjno7» Complete PeeruBft.] S.^. 

WRIOTHESLEV imoro corrocUy 
WRITH or WKYTHE}. Sib JOHN (d, 
IBtM), OnrtLT kinii-of-Bnii», \i tepram' 
in th« pedigtve drawn up by hia son 
Tbamaa aa d«iwend«^ frrun a Wnothesl 
who tirrd ill thf! Tvi^ nf John. That f( 

, of the nnme in, faowivTi^, an invention b; 

I Sir ThnmoB, and probably ibi-pcdiiiirriiiUao. 
The fiunily nanii! wus \V nth or Wrylbi?, and 
tuf-'idfulal iiolicFBuf varimig iiiemb«nt of it 00- 
eiir in tb«< fouTleuiitb anil fift«wtfilli cent uAea; 
« Nicholas Wmb i«/. UlHt) wa* CrUowofUce- 
ton CoHv'ire, Oxford | ItiiooKK'K. Mnaarialt, 
pp. ^.TB-Tj pf. Ilril. Mut. Add, Clutrtfrt, 
itflSJ-a; Cl»/..^n™^(i^mJ/.l'.IC.O„i.J158). 
•Sir John i.i mid to liuvi' bren broiijtbt to 
tbu court of ilenry \, and made by tbat 
kini; u]it«dopv pumiiTOJit «stT*anilitiary, but 
both Ihcae f<tal«ni«>tit.» arc pneiicallT !■- 
poMible. Ilo wn», bownvcr, fni^coa nnn^ 
in tb* nii|rni of llpnrr VI and Edwud IV, 
and wn* raoAe Noiroy kinf^f-araw oa 
I'fi Jan. 1477: bu utob prumoli'd Gaiter Itiar 
on IU July l-liU, boin^ tbe ibitd hulileraf 
Ibat olliiw. H« was «mt to pmcUim wv 
with Scoilsod at Rdinburph in \M*i and oa 
mnny ^imilnr roiHiiont, nnd oiHciatrd at ilia 
fun>>r«l of Kilvmrd I \ and Roronation of 
Kicluird 111, who rpnnw^d hia frruit. Writli 
yriis thu* it* oflioinl hiNtd wbca tb« C4>Uuee 
of liurald* n-a« inootporaleil in 14U3, sBd la 





Wriothcsley 



»47 



WTiothesIey 



cnnip1i»Rnt lo him thr. ftiltofpt adopted hin 
artn*, ekMiitinff obIjt tlie polour: thut- vrvee 
niurr, m ftws* or. Ix-twiwn four fnlcom 
nrfnnii. Wnib oliio oflicintal nt lh» ooro- 
nalitn of llfiirf VII, who ooulitiiioil his 
■alaiy of 40/. anii gSTfl liim a gnliijlj' o( 
80/. Id SeM^mibpr UIM !>•' mnvnyt'd ihp 
ituisniaof thrCUrtrr to Mnximilinn, king 
of ihr \tamatif, mid llim'^-mr" Inlw lo ' 
(T|u,rtp» VniofFreDW. ' 

Writli ilicd iu April I.JOI, on the 30tL of I 
whivh mnnlh hin vrill. •lalt-d '2b Murrh. wnii 
prOTfsl. He uamM, f!m, Rarbars, daugh- 
lef an<i heir of John d" CbmI-icotiiIi, a miir- 
liaf^ hv which ho largi-lv incmawd hi« 
foKunn, aitd wait fntbi-r of two lonii— fiir 
Tbomw WrioihoUcr (rf. 16SI) 1i[. v.], and 
WillUcn, futlicT of TlioinsFi Wriutb^di-r, 
fint Mill of Sixiilinmiilori q. v.]. uiid Iwi 
<Uuslit«r«, U* raarrii'd, M-condJy, ICIeanor, 
djtuf^liipr of Thoaia* snil »i*r*r of liiohard 
Arnold [n. v.}, by wbnm hn had a ■on nnd 
t«0 <laught4irii: itnd thirdlr, Aiini> Mynnr, 

Cbably a wlativn of John Mtiuip, York 
Did. 

[Tlipn it in picUBnt ««oiint of Wriih in 
AiMlii'jiOtJMof thoOirtor.i. 8M-G7i itciiUo 
OtirdDrr'ii tj»lm «nJ r.tmni, Richnril HI knd 
HtOTf Vlt. Bnil C^mptit.ir* JititrrinU (Rnlla 
Scr.) poaiiB: Raw). JI»t It. AS f. 113. B. 103 
r. S3; A>dim«leUSS.lll6Am-1S.in3f. I-. 
AiJimoIa'a Onltrnf ill* (iArtrr; NobVn Coll«ttB 
of Aran: U»IU»h*« Hrmlijrv, IJM (wlmw hn 
ia «an(*)ed«ilh bimanSirTliama*) ; Wriothm- 
l*v'* Ckroa. (Cuodon Si>c.),i)nr. pp. Tui-it.l 

A. F, P. 

WRIOTHESLEY (form-^rlv Wnriii). 
Sib TliOMAS (rf. 1.W4I, GaM^r kiojr-of- 
nmi". hom al Colal^rd, iip.ir ('aHllnonnih 
in WiltiliitiR, waji tlw wroiid uin of ^r John 
WriothMhiV or WhiU [t\. v.], br liii> lint 
'wife, Barten, dausb(>?r and hnlr of John iln 
OMrtlnooinb orJanuiriuictclKinitunTille, an 
mlh^ed dmcvndant froioiin illi^);Lliuial-.- >uu of 
ilt^nrvl. TlwnampTlioniaMiruHgivFiihini by 
hi" ffodlWlhw, Tbnma* HolniM. Claivncit^un 
hpTnld. lliiplilnr liTOtljBP, liVilliam Wrir.h, 
wn« fatlwr of Tliomai Wrioihf>!"y, flr»l 
piuri of Souibamptan [ij. v.] Both liroihttr* 
foillowej Ihfirfalher'iiprofRaionof hcrnldry, 
nad Tbotuas irai in l-loDnppi.iintM Wnlliof;'- 
fotd panniranl at thi^ iiivi.-<litiirv nt Primt^ 
Arlliiir, lo ibe IWl of whose marriaj^' rrilh 
CaikTiiv- of AmfMi be VIM oii» of the 
tmncipnl witnnuiMi hufbra ihn t««atina court 
in Julr 15;*(t (fjtttm ami Papf~ri, iv. 571)1 : 
II EHBBKT. Jlift of Henrt, nil. lip. L'rS-4). 
At thia time h« livi?il ■! (.Vickladr, m'nr his 
birthplac*: but on hiM falhcr'!idi.>ath in UAH 
h» wM, in preFmncit to Hn(."(T Machado 
[q. r.j, Midd«nty p(OiBO(«d (20 Jan. lOM-fi) 



to Miccivd ui BartfT kinff-of-ormt, and pe» 
moved lo l,ondon, when; he built himself a 
houie called tiart^r llciwie in Iti«d Ctiwa 
Sliwt, ouliiile Cripplegule (Stow, Sarrty, 
ed. Sirype, ill. S8). II" was coiiflnned in 
hi» nlfici' of Garlcr king hv Iftliir* nnlcnl of 
li-nrr Vni. dnied 9 (Inl. IWt {Add!t. MS. 
629r,'n. 105; Uttrrt end Papyri, i. 5fi81. 
PomihlT owing to liin rnpid elevation. Wrilli 
wBn invulvn) in fny|ueut diepuli-i with 
other hernid* {AihmaU .VSS. HO f. 61. Sf>7 
ff. ■IL'X, 429). His 'onii-iiM Bgninsi (he 
untrue mrmi"'-* ' of Th.vmn.1 Henolt '<\. v.] 
nnteiiant in IfritUh Miueiim Additional MS. 
6287, pp. 77. HI, and fiirlher rom-sjioncJeoco 
with Benoll on the luntter nmon)* the mnnu- 
•eripts at Trinity Cullegi?, Dublin ( Bernmrh, 
Cat. .V&S. Anfflitr. if. Hl»; ,-f L^tf-rn nurf 
P-i/n-ry.vol. V. App, No. .'W). A* (ifttier king 
Writh loiikpnrl in ihn chii'fcniirl curi'inonipa 
of thi' lime ; lie officinti-d at th*" joint* held 
itToiirnny in l5|;(,ii-n.ipn>M'nt inl-^ll at the 
mnrtiim'oftheI'riiKi.'MJIary loIjjuisXIInf 
France. wn»*iiinnii«ied In attend Henry VIII 
to his meeting with Francis I in IVJ<}, aiiil 
was criTDiiiimioiii'il to convev tbe insi^in ot 
the diirfiT to ihn Fn-ncli king in 1W7 
IjidJiL MUS. tills f. Si, 8297 p. 17S. and 
8712). He wa» kniffhlf^ nl Xuretnherjt by 
Frnlinaiid, nrcliduke of .\uirtria, while on a 
•imilar errand. 

He died on 21 Nov. 1534, and wan hiiri<.<d 
in Cripplegate church. A porlmii of him 
from a toiirnnnipnt roll of 1511 ia f»pro. 
dncd iu IhillawayV ' Hrtnldrj in Ehtsland' 
(I7ft.'tl. Jty hi" first wife, Joan, daufrhter of 
Willinm Halt of Salisbury, Wriclheolev 
wna. father of Charles Wriotliealey f'j. v.^ 
(he chronicler, two other ton*, and thr«ie 
dati^hltirK Hi« second wifn was ,\nn>>, 
flanphlcr of William Ingl»hy of Vorh«hiri», 
•nd willow of Itichnrd Ooldeabomiigh and 
alMi of Itohert Warcop. 

f!ir ThomnH wax a grettt colleetor of 
heraldic antii|uiti'-s, (hoii|;h soine of the 
tnanuwripls »t(rihiiied to him aiv of later 
dat«. flririi^h Muiioitn .\d<liTiona1 MS. SA.'W 
i« a volume of pmlipriv* in hi« liand, but 
.^dditir.ntl SI.S. tills, whieh in the prinl'^l 
entnloEiie i* nicrilieil to liini,eon»Ii;tj InrRely 
of dejcrrptioiis "f eer*'moiiii-i after liiit death 
written \n an Kltiilbetluiii band. Other eal- 
leolion* and notes by liim htk in Bodhian 
manuxcripis, Ashmol* 1 1(HI, 1110, nnd lll.'t, 
and llAwlinson H .Vt, AS, nnd 10^. lie ipeU 
hi" nnnne in a varietv of wny*. origiiinlly na 
Wiith or Wn'the,»niueiiuen'tly as U'reseley, 
Writhesley, nnd eTentualty Wriclhesley ; 
, the Inst wai the form udopted by bia uwn 
t and hia brother's fsmilv. In Tudor tiaei) 
. ii waa proDounced Vi'rislejr. 

1.3 



Wriothesley 



■48 



AVriothesIey 




[An elabomln occ'diolof WriothwlBT i> ipten 
Id Anfiia's Ordpr of tlie Outer, i. 36S-Iit; > 
t<»l>lir*« Mill Dola OD WrioihHley *r« «tUuit id 
Aihmole MS. Illd tt, 90. SCa ; -m nlno UorL 
MH. nm t 3IA; FUwHncm MH. 3S( tt. U3-4. 
BS33f. .M.B3l*f. 87: TiinD»r MSS. cri. 14, 
i^rtiiTi. 411; Rfwitr und GnliHlncr'* Lctlcn and 
Vapin ol H«vrf VHI; S<iMi''*Cot1acaaf ArTna; 
A^hinoIo'tOnti'ruf itifl Gatin ; llnmilUira Pr*- 
fac* ta Chnrlet Wriiilfa«!f v'<^ Chnnii^lp (CtmilaD 
S™,), vol. 1, jij.. Ml m; t'n!. Bril. Mm. Addit. 
M^. nnd llu'lii'ijn', A>hm<)1ii, Itnwliiiitin. nnd 
T«nniir M"'-*. : I'«11pi«»j-*» HornWry in Knglmid, 
171)3; OiDurjni'ld'f WriochintrvTotnli. TiCohlluld 
(UitnipBlxrr ViM Club Prw, IHH9).] A. P. P. 

WRIOTHESliEV, Sm TIIOMAii. Bnt 

IttltuK WRKjiHB'LEr of TiTCIiriBLD and 

Kabi, of SuuTHtMi'Tos (1505-1 6 "lOj, lorJ 
cliaiici^llfir of l')tii;Iniifl. wna eldiiir. ooii of 
William U'rilh orWriollinilnv, VorU horald, 
wlio, liltn lii» liroiliur, Sir Tiiomiu Wricitlicn- 
ley (d. 1531) U\. v.), ndopttid Wriotliunli'v lu 
thciipnlliii^; of llie faiuitv imuie. IIiBni>jnii.T> 
whli lurvivvd uiilil I *i^>*, Wh« \;;ui'S dHiti;''' 
l^^^ of Juint« Dwyttn of l^ondiii; Hiid flniT- 
tou'4 nolW reCOTiiin)r liia own nnd Iiii jirniid- 
rliildron'* daU* of biriU nrv iiill pxinnt 
lllrit. Mil*. AiId.CAartrrii.l>i\9l). TUom-i*, 
i.hn nldrwl loii, wiia boru on llii- ft-rnt of St. 
Tbomoi Tha Aixistic, Ul Di-c. luUo: liia 
■intcri. KliKntK'tli Hiid Anno (wli-) lunrrit^l 
Thoiniis Kili;-llt <•( llooli in lUmtwliiri') in 
liiOT Slid ITiOi^, iknd hiK brnihi-r hdwnnl in 
1509. At I''dwurd'» r-liriiti-nina llm gnd- 
fttlinrn \vTf I'Mwnrd Stufford, third dulii- of 
Biicli'meliivui [*|-v.l. nnd lltMiry ' Algorurin' 
I'l-rcy, iiftli earl of NorlliiinilH-rlaiid [ij. v.] 
Two otliiT BiBtj-rs, wlioiiL Wriotli**ley uiimea 
in Ills will, wore horn snbot-qiir^ntlv. 

ThoiiiKS wna rdti^^ntnl nl King* Itall or 
St. John'» t'ollciTP, I'nmbridnp. but »ppmii to 
havti Inft til" niilveriiiy without a dt'irrw, 
nnd muji'it finpluvmvtil ntcourt, Iti n docu- 
mcnl dated IJ l\-h. I.W-f-l be luCrn to 
Cromwptl »« Ilia niiinter, mid nfr*ir tlial datt" 
docuiui^nla in hia linndwrilina: ari> frwjniiiil- 
In IfiSSI, hoWPViT, lie i« di"iimbi"d na acrvftnl 
to (Sirl Kdmund I'fpkhnm |(|. v.], who, li[ii> 
WriothcTjlcy, inarfit'd n Cbuyae of ('honhmn 
ltoii,ivnd on '1 May Mi'M lit- nppt^arn ai clurh of 
tilt? iii|;utl: on ihul diilt liu wan f^rniilL-d in re- 
version th" •iflii'ti of biiililT iu rt'arwiok and 
Suitlorfield, wliirn S!iaki?sp>>nr«'a father 
livi>df'''"'"-''«'"^/'n;^'-'-iv.GfiOO!II]). lie 

Iirobably iiigrniinipd himimlf with Hiinry by 
lin * Inliour in iht- kiujt'n aniit builnnu,' i.i>, 
thci divi>roy [ib. xiT. i. 100), and on 'M .ran. 
lu3U- 1 b« reo>!iv<-d a pvnfiiod uf bl. from thu 
Unil» of St , Miir_v'» Abboy, York, tn Ilwem- 
Iwr 15S3 be wna mmt nbrnnd, prolMbl; as 
twAnr of dwpnlcbt-j for some foreign ftiQ- 



nois ' 



ba«MK!or. A aimilnr miasion (bUowrd in thw 
Hutiimn of l&tS. In i^loberr be was at Mar- 
nelllea in fiiuinciAl ilraita. 'apwrtl nnd play 
■oinotitiMa,irbeTD*t he irai unbappy.* having 
'GUSt himmura itiinfiOcMWiu,' Appanrndy 
he went on to Itoeae, wbcre bo vuinlTcn- 
de&vonr«d to obtain papal bull* forlii«lVi«<i<l 
J(ihnSalca(,biahoiMil«ct of Knngnr. Il«>ha4 
r«tum»d bvt^ ■utntner of l^t. nnd in thnc 
yeitrwtA oamilt«d a itudmt of Omy'i Inn. 
On 2 Jan. ir>3&-Qbewa»gT«nIvdiD ri-T«Tiioa 
Ihi' luL-mivA oIKce of coronvr aod attorney 
in tfau king's bench (it. x. li), nnd in iIm 
anmn year wa« appointed 'gn\cT' of ih* 
Towpr. In tlio aatnmn ba wnn m^oirad to 
iupply twelvn men for •ertieo aftuntt th* 
rabvU in ihi- north, and to attt-nd thekiitg 
thillipr in ptinon- He reouiiued, bowarw, 
with Ilunry at Wiadsor, Joinf an iaonas- 
intc smniint of »erret»Tial wnrk. nnd aaing faU 
(ttnwing iilAiinnn* to omiira lal^ gnuiM out 
of the lands of the diunlvod mowuUariM. 
Barl^ in ]G-t7 ho won itivun Tarioui manois > 
prvvioudlv belunfiinft lo tjuarr Abbey id if ^ 
hie of \Vi(ilil (.A III. i. 639 [45'. litii. 
llS0|77j). Oa aODec. in ibeMmeTearl 
noquired the site of th^ moiuututT nf Titc 
Held, on the nut aide of Soutbampti^n Wairr," 
and on 29 July 1S.S8 that of Ileiiiilieu .\bbey, 
on the oppoaili' iiidu of the wat^r ^l*, Xiri, i. 
j loiy ',*i'])- Wriothesley had previously 
owned houses near both thrae monaUeriea, 
I with which he apiieHrs to bav«bfi«m oIKeially 
< conneC'twl, jioaaibiy na atuwnrd, and nlan at 
Mich"-ltii!vpr, wlieri" hi< fnmily rmidwl. Iln 
wa« likrwbo wniwchal of Ilydu .Xbln-y. near 
WinchmliT, of whii^h his friend .^Icot bad 

been abbot ; and when the abbpy was aut- 

rundered, Wriothesley naturally oblained^l 
a grant of i(a site and of mnny of il« maiiora^l 
IIi> 'piitlfd thn abbny down with ainnxin;; 
mjiidily mid sold the rich materials* (JxS'.- 
Man. de tlyila, HolU Ser. Introd. iw. Iiii- 
Izxiii: Lelinu, f ftWro/y, iii. 8tt). Withtbp 
l^rant uf tlie«e abbey* lie alao rwvii-ed 
niinieroiis inanorfi, chielly in llniupahire and 
the lala of Wight, nnd hia ncniiiaition of 
liuidnd propnrty wna naturally followrd by 
hia iudiuion in local conitniiuions of the 
peace nnd of oyi-r and lenuiner, to viiil 
tnonasteries sod to pull duwu iiua(^ aud 
shrines. His m-iiTe purtlcipation in oieasute* 
of this cliarsrtiir. eapeciolly at Winche*t*r, 
hroiicht on him llin hoalility of tha bialiop, 
Kicphen Gardiner [q-T.], who w»« hia wife* 
uncle, but Ctomwiura patronoKQ made hiin 
wourc for the time. 

In Beptember IGSSWriotbeslor was sent as 
ambassHdor to ilie rt^ent of tliaNetlierlanda, 
Mary, queen of 1 1 tmicnry. to propom tDani*^ 
between Henry VIII and tbo Uucbcu of 



n 



Wriothesley 



149 



Wriothesley 



JUil«n, and iKrlirMiii ihu Priucu8H Msrv nni! 
IXiD Luia of Portugal. Il« arrivoJ at Ojikia 
ott i*i Sept't Aii'l bad nudii'ncr' wilh ibn 
n^vnt at nriuui<.iii on It lici. l)urin|t bin 
rMidoBcn in ilii? Ndhprtniids be mudt variOLix 
tttortM to kidnap Kiigliih rwruuwK, boib jiro- 
ttsiant and Hunnn nibulii-. but tluMO were 
u unauccnuful us ibi.- tuiiiii olgecU of lii« 
ntiauoa. It was lion-ov^, iiitcnd'>d to bn 
nolLing more ibnn nn •Iti'mpt tn delay the 
(lirKnt4'n(x] nuiUcion of l-*raneiii 1 and 
Clinrlri V nuniiirt llpiiry. In March lo38-9 
WM «etaicd imminent ; Cbapiivii left, Eng- 
luiii, Bnd VVri'itLmlcv nus in (,'rvat dTvaJ uf 
licinfr dt-ioioed » priMiavt iii Flnimlvr^. Hi> 
obiaint^ tbe TNmit'a l«ava to depart tni iho 
lOtb, and reuih<>d Calain jiutt 111 liiiiR to 
«M*p* thn nuvwn^n *lic bad Mmt after 
kim to ctr«nt liia arrcit. 

(to 1 Ajtri! fcillawinir, in *pitB of Clardi- 
BiT'a opjKMiiion, \^'riothLi>Ivj was returned 
to p«Tliauiffut t>a one uf Ibe koigliC« of tb» 
ohiiv for tbe county of Soiitlininplon. In 
DNvmber li« vim fni 10 lEnnford to obtain 
Ika coiurnt of tbe I'rinRiuii Jlniy to ncgutia- 
tlatufoTharmarriaHR witb iliilip of Bavaria, 
uwl about tho tame timu bo in said tu bavu 
BtliinipCed_to diwuado Ui-nrv ftvoi uiurning ^ ,. 

lu April l?t40WfioibH"V , J^if John Wallnp [q. v.], Wriotbiwley 
Ji I principal ttpcn'tnry with afiain tbcmt^bt. by Mariltnc 10 be in 1 



Aiin«afClHTca. 

wfts appoi tired joint principi 



Sir Ralph SndJoir [q.v.], irilh thn umuil pro- 
viaion of lodging within tile rnyal palaces 
'and like boiige of courl in all tliinRH m is 
■ppoiotcd;' lu»coniniiHiion(.V(u«r .l/A". 141, 
t. iH) diBpensrd with the ituTute 1,31 
Henry VIII, c. 10) providiiiK <bat both 
•MrMarie* should git onotinofilionoolsaehH 
U llio lloii»> of Lnrd«, and diirictrd, in aon- 
sidOMtMii of their iisnfulncxi in Ilic Uciuae 
of Coiiuiian»,that thu Inii »i;rctAri«i sbuutd 
•it allirrnate wevks, ono in the tower and on« 
in tbe uipp<;r bouite. Ou the iHtfa of tlie »ain« 
■lOiitbWriutlii-aleTiiraalfnigbiedst tbnMiint' 
tisw ibat Cramwell wiu crested Enrl of 1-^rx 
(hriltrt andPapKTu.x^.iSt ,h^\ ; WniOTHm- 
LKT, CArvn. i. 115). 

CrotnwuU'a fall two months later mode 
Wriotbu ley's poaiiiou pi.-nloua, and it na« 
ConuBOal}' reported that he wii8 ab-mt 10 
follow bis patron to ibo Tower. A seriofi of 
dkrue*! iiniigal«d poMibly by Onrdini-r, and 
■eciMii^ him of iiiijiiKtly r«tniiiiiiK uime 
nuiMra near ^^'iIlG'bu■ter, vitre bruugbi 
■fMDRt luni and rFpcnli'dty dinciuued by thu 
prirj muncil. Ou LT Junu, however, Hi- 
diaM Pate [q;V.] wrote tu Wrinthiwley from 
Bru4wli> rejoiciuff Mo bvar th« coiiininn 
tvmoiini proTod &1m touching hi* iroubin,' 
I and on '^ I>m- th* privf council proiiouiiCLtl 
L tJic oharKM aniniit bitn alanderoua. In 
I raility WriolEealey bad proved liimnelf 



itiefiil by Ihe ev>d«D«« lie vave with n-tpc^ct 
to Cronnvflla ca^o and the rvpudiutiou of 
Anni; of CU'Vps. Appaivntly, too, he had 
mude bis pruee wjltl the now powerful 
Giirdiudr,n'ith whom lie hunpcrortb nctfid in 
concert, tuid bud ^iven mreties a^ntt any 
recurrence of his former rpligimi» and icono- 
clastic k^hI \ al any rate, \\v now becaiuu one 
of the mainilay* of tlm coDu-rvalive parly. 
On "^6 July be woa nullirii'ntly In favour to 
be granted iu fee the ' grtal tnannion ' within 
the cloftL- uf Au'tin Friiira, lyindon. On 
1-1 Nov. lie ' CBuie tu HampTou Cuurt to thtt 
(Jiicne [Calberini> llownrd], und called oil 
ilio ladiM and g cntlewotuen and ber aer* > 
raunic* into tbe (Imat Cbncnber, and tben] 
openlydafani thcmdccktird c>;;rloine oflenCM] 
that the had done . . . wbrrcforo bo tla 
diacliB rued all bor bousdiould" (Wkiotiii 
LBT, Chrwn. i. 13U-I; IIe&BRRT, IttigH 
Unirs VIU, pp. i3.5-«). This olleowi*^ 

duly Wat follnn'ed bv repeated exaininatia 

of iltii UuphflM of Korfotk and ber Iioum>] 
bold, in which Wriothciley aUn took tbB] 
principal purl, and im T Jun. I&IO-I hewaa- 
uppoiuted cuuitable of Soulhnnipton CbkiIk 
In Ihe t*\i\v month nt tbe time of tbc amtut 
of bia fri.'nd« Sir Thoaiits Wyuil [ij. v.j and 1 
*'" * ' Wallop [q. v.], Wriothesley woij 
Kfiam thnut^bt. by .Mariltnc 10 be in gruat 
duUKL-r ( VorrrtpuHilajiet, ed. Knuiek, pp, 201- 
'2\i2}, iind the ruiuuur boi led to nrroneout < 
ttii1i?iueiiI4 that be wuu at this time asnt totj 
the Tower \,<.'al. State I'nprra, Bpnniak, voLl 
vi. pT. i. index); but there is no sign of thwl 
in th* statn papcrti or in the rejrisler of^ 
tho priiy council, wbf.m WriniheSey con- 
tinued to be an uasiduou* nttmidant. 

In realiiy tha loa* of inlluunca inflict 

upon the Ilowuda by the attaindar of i^aii 
relative. Queen CaUierine, opened up for 
Wrioi.bnuW tbe prospect of grtMter powoi 
than he. hod bithiTIo tiitjoyed, and in April 
IWa Chnpuyt miHiri'-d tluit Wriot bealey and 
the lord privy stttl. William l-'ilKwiUiam, earl 
of Southampton [>{. v.], worn thp courtiers 
who puHM^ttied must credit with llrary VIII 
(tA. %*i. i. Wi). In November of the lamo 
voar lio went further aud declared that 
Wriotb«t!rT "Hlnio^t governed everything*! 
in KnRlond (ib. vi. ii, lfi7). This view oM 
Wriothejley'ii iofluennu waii pnrtiv due to 
tliu fuel that he was wurkiuK han^ in hand 
with the iiDpurittI party and t^hapuya 10 
restore a complete atliauoe betWRtm Knglaiid 
and Spnin. \Vith tlu* obJBcl he wa» in non- 
■tant communicJiiion wilb the imperial ma- 
baoHidor, and on il* Oi't. llilS he woa com- 
minHiuned with Garrlinor and Tbirlby to 
furuulatv on olTcnBive and d>if<>it«iivii league 
with Charles V, tbe outcome of which wa ' 



Wriothesley 



I5P 



Wriothesley 




thn Joint mvuion of Franw bv tbu tiro 
■aoniirrlis in lu14. Am u revanl ^ur bia 
cflbfts Wriutliti'lfT wa* oii 1 Jau. of lli«t 
yuor crMilf^il Ilaroti Wriollieslvr nf rilohfield, 
on S2 April following li» viiui mmlR kotrpcr 
of tliq great «cal during Audlrt'* illiwu, 
and on hi* death vuccnoded him na lonl 
cliaiicollar(SMay). He wimsliuiaD SO Jane 
appointed to tniat with Maltbvw Sleirurt, 
earl of Lvuuoi [q. v.], for ibu ritlivt-iy i>f 
Ihunborton and uute into Enslwli hiuids, 
4i>dan B J«l;«ru uamedotMofUuBdriMra 
of QuMti ('itthcrinR I'nrr an legetxt daring 
U«mTy \' 1 1 Vt nbscncfl in i-'mnix'. Ou 
23 April lO'IO hi- wa* i-U-uted kiu|thl of the 
tiaiter. 

Tbuallinncu betweivQ Enplane! and Bpaiti 
TrtK, liowijier, only jmrl of a epncinl n>- 
BCllonnr; policy in whinli \Vrionip«loy wa» 
lb* kingV chief imrtrnmnnt. It rxiaadtMl 
■1m to donmtiv nlf&in, oud thi- new lord 
cliuioeUar Kaiued d nulotirrtv by hiapFrwMMi- 
tioaaifhiob bin If^^ul iu.'cuiii)ili«lim(-aigwonM 
nSTer baro von him. AudUv's loniaiicn 
loirarda Tefonnan wiu n>plMed'by fr«c)U<mt 
•enlOOCM to th« pillory and other |iui)iib> 
mwu pronnunccJ b,v Wriatin^iilcr in thu 
Stai-«biuDb<!T. Tile be»t known ofhia victims 
wu AtiDc Askew fci. v. |, niid ibi-n- m^euiA no 
ndeqwiU) ground lor disbt^lit-t iu^ iht? story 
t4ut tho Iwil cbanorlkir and Itich mrkod tha 
unCjrtunate wtnnan in (be To^nr -vcit.h ibtiiT 
own band* wlipn ibo lioiilnnniit chmiik from 
ibo tuk (mo Xorraliifi cf lAr Jirfonnation, 
Camden Siw. pp. 303 k; HiLt, Hurl;*, 
I'krkcr Sac. pp. 1 1:^ »[)<[-) U'riutbmlt-y nos 
caclainly iimuuit at Anne Askew 'h i-xrcution. 
The inlrij^ue agsiust Cullisriiie I'nrr, in 
wliicb he IN said 10 bare piu'licipnlcil. in moTi< 
iloublful, nnd it i» nlmoBt rerlnin thnt for 
all hill miverity Wrinthi'»li'y hntl ihu kinft'* 
niiprobotion. i'robnbly, too. it wbs with 
thi- kiiiK''' sniiuiiun ibal. Wriullu'tili'y. who 
■at Bt Hnyiiuril Ciietli^ in JuriMHry tir^I4-i> us 
cbii'f L-uuiiiii»»<ioii«r for riiforciii^^ payment 
of lliu lji'iit>voWiif>r, cifit'b^mnnd AliJrminn 
Reilp to bp fu'nt to tha nnni in Kcnilnnd fi>r 
Tofiiul, n violation of law not Ii'h ftlnritiK 
than Ihi- torturi.' of Atuie Aihitw ( 1IaU-am, 
Ctaut, tlitt. i. a&; Liiikib, Jilmtratioiu. i. 
9S; WmoTUEHLEl'. Chron. i. loll, llis 
Ib«I employ uiMit iu llrnry VlU'i rrMfcii was 
iu iLa p««i^ediu|;H againfit 8<irr<'y uiid Nor- 
folk; ut> pcnonally iLtci*li>d tlm Itinp to 
dmvr DP ihn occuistioiiK n^nimt Siirn>y, lind 
thfi rutl under bi« cuntody until lie won com- 
mittrd to tlm Towrr. und finally poiML-d 
Rciiti'nui! iipou bim ( W riot bi% lev, Chran. 
i, I'li). I^iuiilarty L» wr&s pturiMi ut the 
bead of (he coiDtsii^ioD^ta BppoiuUyl to 
diiilaru to iftirliauiHut Henry's asa^nt to ibo 



\t 



bill* of allnittdeT aipiiasl Sotrer and Norfolk. 

WriolhiMtey lud uvrt \itra inliniatefv 

aaaociai^ with (be llowanb, but their EaU 

w«« fsla) lo hi4 own poailinii in tii« naw 

n^a and to ibt policy with vrhirh he bad 

bfMi idanliSed. iln waj p^uibly ciBiaciona 

of this whrn 'with loan in bu eyn' h«fl 

announced to parliantnt uo 31 Jan. l&lf}-^| 

tbe death of lIcnTy VIU. ■ 

Br his will Henry VIII l«.ft WriodMal^ 

liOM,aBdappotiMedkinioiMof liia«s«eato» 

and of hia Mo'a privy eounciUots. TIimv i* 

no aathority for the vpeecb in oppoaitiea to 

SaiiD«nM'« etcration to tfaf protoctarste 

which Froudc atlnbntc* to \^'(i■>tiMIdn at 

the nteHiog of Uie «xeeaiata on ibe uUr- 

noon of 31 Jta., bvl it probably reprMont* 

with (oni« anniaey titm tord cbaiic*Uor*o 

ienlimontd. Cranni«r alone ranked b«fof« 

bin inorderof pnKod«aoD,aiid Wriotliaale; 

oonedvod tbst bin poaiUon and afailitieo 

entitled him lo an in6aeniial if not ■ pre- 

pondoalini; vuiee iu the new i^v-.-rnuieut. 

I was nfruid.' wrote Sir Kiehanl Moriaon 

v.l, '»f a u^cipMt all tbo wkil* tbat 

I'riotiioalRy was abti' to raiim any, I kiMW 

ho wa* an «amnt fojloirtrr of wbatsotiver 

ha tonk in bond, and did rrrr iddoin miaa^ 

where cilber wii or truvoil wen* able to 

bring bin puqNWea to paaa. Mort truB it is 

I never waa able lo pscutde mywif ibat 

Wriothesley would be p«a(, bat the king'n 

■naJMtv must bu ia groel^st dant[«>r' ytytl. 

5bi/c/\i7Mra, For. I647<J>3, .\o.491l. Thi* 

dintriiHt more than the chnncidlorB suppoMd 

honlilily lo thi! n-'liRiouH viewsof the maiorit^ 

of the txrculon jmcipilaled bis fall. H« 

hud bwu pK'uliarly klrutifiud witb tllO 

r«pr«s*iv« sbMluiiMn of Heiirr VUI'a laat 

years which ihn t^roloctor had rMuInd to 

swntp away, and bi* imnaval was no donbt 

a popular mcacurc. He was appointed fiiat 

commissioner of clnima for the coionntien 

of Edwnnl VI uu !t Feb.. iraa trvated Earl 

of Southamplun on tiie Itltb in aooordaim 

with nenr}''s Jnlvnlions as expreMed hf 

Fafftt, and 'on ihe SOlli bore IM nroid of 

irtAin at I'Mnrnrd'* comontion. Hut on tbe 

IKih, ambitious of taking a lending part in 

politics, hi! had iiiu«d a eomnawMon tnder 

ikii great lual to fo«r ciriliana to bear 

cbuioeiy oues in hia absence, thus relievini; 

himself of a LarKe part of bio la^l duties. 

Thereupon ' diver* student* of tbe coaUMOn 

law'norusnd thn chancellor nf 'anplilyinff 

and onlarsiitir tho jurisdiction of tin saia 

court of chancery ' in the denuation of tbe 

oommon law. and dedored tae aaid <w«- 

missiou to be ■ made cuntrvry to the connnOB 

law.' The comaiiasioii ms in fact onl* « 

repetition ofouethehndchaucelloff hadtuMO 



Wriothesley 



isr 



Wriothesley 



■t time yMHbefori': but br hni] been ipiilt j 

ftt a loUM setious oSitiK*'. (or tliv romtmuion 

been bsuMi witlmut a wuimnt and 

f*iihoot ciualting bi« fellow o^wniion". 

Th^ niioi^kia WM siihniitted to t.hn iiid^(4 

. anil uw officnr* of tha ctowd, una thcy 

■i]iMHMl,v declared llinl th<^ Inrd c^hnn* 

fpeUar bad ' by comnion Inw ' I'orfeitud his 

BfEra and reDtl^ri^d himM-lf lnibli^ tu auch 

n« and imiirisoiinit-iit a* tlic Ving ehoiild 

npnM- Soiiihamptona^^rarBt^ilhi'nUVooa 

threstMiing ihn jud^and nbiiMiie iho 

ar; on A Mnrc-h tlio grmit tua} wan 

en from hira, l:n wu ardcml tn confino 

hmu«lf to bU haatf in Kly nm*, ond bound 

■Over iu four tliiiit»tuul ])oiind(i (A-rti J'.C. 

Iftir-.*i0,pp.4t<-6r; Harltian jW.V. I'SI.art. 

7). He w»« not, ttrtctl^ epi-aking, eipt'tM 

from llin miincil, but hi* nnmn wm nnt in- 

clodMl in thn council wlii-n it wii» rrnon- 

MitQud B frw d»r» IntPT on lOdwnrrf \V* 

IMIthorhy inslviul of on tlint of Uciiry ^'III. 

Soulhampt'ju's fall n-movi-d an obnlucle 

froB Swmerwi's potli.but t!ie iort>tptici' that 

it WM dim In the I'Toturlor'* animonily !■ 

hnrdlT wnrmntiid. 'Your Cinici',' wmtn thn 

dintiOTlor'n nllvCiardin'^, •Khowpd «o much 

.iatOUT to bim that all tlip wiwld romniinidod 

T ffmTlmeM.' and u few weighs Inter llic: 

BCn tmhtfuaH'iT •ilmiTi'ed Si.mtluiinplon . 

Ifrin»cn*-t iiifri'-n'llt'am!cr)otidi'ntiulL''m- 

%tioa{Vorr. !'-4.d* thirt 'If Seiif,^. 147). ' 

[BewB* tona n( libtrly, the fine impoiwd a]>- 

lpr«ls to hare hem p-miiti'd. nnd in IMS, if I 

I not rarlirr, hc^ wu nvndmiltf'd to ibi> councril 

board. SE>utliBui|ilo[i. Iimverer, nur>«d bj« 

gri^vanc^ agaiuM ibe I'rotwior, aud it is tia- 

nilioinl tijat tbe llrel wca^ion on which ue 

la^n mmM prominently fnrwnni waa when 

■ joined Warwick and oihpr uinfmiM of 

e I'nitector in iho procasdinK* ngnimt hi» 

J famtlier Tfaomoa Seymour, biinin Sonnour of 

^Sodeley [q. \X in Janiinrr and t'ebrunry 

16t8-9. He iira« no \«m pramiiiMit in the 

igiiM which led to the fall of thu Pro- 

[tecior biminlf in tha following Octobor. In 

iBcptcmbrTinhtinthohinKinflTcdtn Hampton 

T Court. Southampton rcmninod in X^Midon, 

■ad at bi* boiuu in Ely I'lai^o mnny of .the 

MOKt iDivlinf^ of thd pxindllnn wem held : 

Ban»l, indeed, RpreMota Soutliumuiou aa 

^0 tirime roovnio tb»eon«iiracy,&nd War- 

wict n« nmnly bij> acMmpltcit or cren bis 

lonl. IVnonal motivM aawcU r> nntipnthy 

to the l'rDt«et«t'a rcliiiouii nnd itopinl policy 

I d>FiBi«J hia action. He was prt'ieni at nil 

I tlw mt^ingi ofth^ council in i>:indou from 

6to II Oct., and accoEDpaDi'^d (liu luajority 

of thn ooiincillon t« Windsor to atrent 

SomeriMt. H« wan thm appointed one nf 

tfao lord* to be in (prcinl attendance npnn 



tli» youni^ htnr, and for v. lime be Boeiacd i 
have T^gaiuou nil bis furmiT influfmoe. 
Rnmonra tcck- eivrjwlien- currf'nt (bat tbe 
nuiM was to bo restored and the progreM of 
llio ItnliiRnatian (lopped. Itut Soutliainplou 
won soon undttcdvcd ; attiit ibo vnA of Oc- 
toU'r tiR ceawd to attend Iho mMtinjiaof 
tbi? pilvy Council, and on 'i Feb. 1549-fiO be 
waa «truck o^ the liKt of ci^uncUlort and 
confintMl to hi» houM. It mav be trur, as 
Burnet i>t*leFL,lliRi,diMippoinipil ai not being 
rpjiionsl to tbn lord clinnci'llortliip nr londa 
Inrd ipnat master. Southampton b<^[an to 
inlriipM a^inrt Warwick, but hi* inicand 
fall iH enilicftbli' on otiier ftroundii. He bad 
served W Mrwick'o purpow and was now dia- 
canied.a similsrfale att^udioffbiHamociales 
t.hd IvnrU of ShreTVsbnrr and Anindol, Sir 
Thomas Arundcll and t^ir Uichard titynth- 
KitU. So chajiriicd wmi Somlintnploii at 
tbi« fuiluri- of his lio|>e!i that, accordijiR '« 
Bishop Punct, ' fearins; leal lie iliould coiuo 
to some open tbaiueful end, he pr>in(.innl hiui- 
self or piiUNi awni for rboiii-bt. He died on 
.10 .Inly I5S0 'at his plfico in Hnlbornp, 
cnllnd l.incolncs I'lncn . . . and rh« .1 of 
August in the ron>nonc he wns burycd in 
St. .\ndreweii church in Ilotboma at tliu 
rit*b( band of the high nuller. Mr. Hooper, 
Iti*bfipi>ijf(iloeyrtw.prwichin)fet bengal the 
burjair (WKinTiiEsLKT, dknm. '\\. i\ ; 
MtniTX. Diary, pp. 1,3I3>. Hi* hndrwa* 
oft<-nr8nl« rcnii'Tffd to Titchfii-ld, when- a 
■iimpluoui monument erected to his memory 

ill ntill extant. .\. foil deicriptiun witb Ml- 
^raTiiifr^ it f^iren iu Mr B. W. Greenfl^ld's 
•Wfiothwli-v T-inib, TiithOeld." rvpriuied 
from ihn ' IViceedinKs of tli» Harapihiri! 
FioldCluh.' Ilicportrflir.psinied by Holbein, 
beloDfr* toMnioAinncral V. IC.Sotheby: tht? 
inwription ii erronemi«ly Riren b< " a-tutia 
sun^&l. I'liii' {Cat. TWor Ju-Ait. No. 77), 
.\ ["jrt.rait ' after Hulbetii ' belonp to the 
Hiitie of (JiK^iiBberry, and was engraved W 
llnnlinc; in 17i)4 for John Cliamberlninii • 
' Iinilationpi of Original nmwin([B,' 17V'2- 
1800; nnnllipr e!i)(rnviii[r i' giv") in Ilinln'a 
'tHlicinl linronnire.' His cieculors were bis 
widow, Sir Kdmund IVcikhnm [q. v.]. Sir 
TbomaaPope [a v,], (^ir) Wiitium Stanford 
[o. ».], and Waller Pyoi his will, daied 
■£] July inW, wM proved on 11 Mav l-Vil. 
[c is extant in Hritisb Musonm Addit.MS. 
S4B3S, is printed in the 'TmvcJyan I'nprr*' 
((^aradonSoc.),!. 2ii(i- Itt, and Riven details of 
hi* larf^ estnlej, which are Kuppleuiented by 
the ' iuiiutailio imst. morteui ' taken on mSepL, 
lri.'iO (i Edward VI, to!. fi2. No. 78;etrau- 
ai-ript is e«ta»t in Brit. Mu". Ilerl. MS. SIS 
ff. lln-2«). Thn most itiliT«tinK of hi* 
povcJuioRS bi-sidiM! Tilchiii'lii (for which see 



I 



I 



1 



p 



Wriothesley 



153 



Wriothesley 




TUfkfield AUtfV and Ptaa Hotat. l^H^ n- 
phnted Erooi ' ilun{uliire Field Clob I*ro- 
oaedings') and IWwltMi waa hia boDM in 
llolboni, original]; callnl Lincnln Mown 
b««MM it wu lh« town liouw! of tha biabocM 
of LiBOoIn. Frotn tbeu it paUHxl hi tne 



for danirini^ thi* mj-al Bafrvmacr in l&tS 
< Uttrriaad Faptrt, xu. t. l^Ut, u. 47, M«, 
«a4, F>:»>. In all th« nedicrwa, bowstvr. 
hi> vifr U rtjlad ' Jali«aaiiKnt«r«f \\'illialB 
CfacBcj or iHieJMa of t%cabm Bom, Bock- 
isghsnuhirc,' ami thaic ii no Incc ot bit 



Earlof Warwkk.andfromliiai b^excbance ' bavins bad two wivca. Tlii! iu&raiM it 



Xa ^wutbaiiiplua, wbo DAmnl it Southatbptoa 
Uo<u«:en<iliiAlI)^ it paM«il witb 'ibe manor 
or gtann of Illoomtburj,' wliirli WriotWI*; 
acqnirta aboul ir>42, inIollL'IiMl^onll«IBilT' 
^•• nodOT WKIC]Tltl3I.Kt. Tiiuvx*, foufth 

Ear: urSomixiimis . Tbc raicof ibeearU 



ibat l)w OwuiteM or SouikanMoo'a notber 
DMiticd fitat a brorber of Biako^ (jaidMr, 
and Miandl J 1i\'illiam Cfarac;, bauw atoUiOT 
of Germain Gardinvr bjr h«r fint Eiuband, 
and of that Cosatnw of SoullMMptiHi by !i<t 
Mcoad. TbceouotPUionriredBntill&twiit. 



ofSoatliBinpi'nifiiraiBbnl^irllciiiTSpelaiau \ 1574, and wa*bari«l at TitclifieU,ithenBa' 



with an illiulnlion for liis ' Uilitot; of 
Sacril«ge.' 

U ia difliculi l« trace in SowtbanDdiB'a 
cwwr as; motive b*;ond ibat of Mnf>>g- 
grandiMmcnt. Trained in thaMacblavcllian 
fcboot of CroMwell, be wiu wilbotit the 
deliniie ainu and rckilute will that to tome 
cxicct mlpemed his muter b lack ofprinciptv. 
IId wuu Biid iMaiuvd Henry VUTa bvour 
by bit readine** in Itnding bu abiUtiea to 
Iba kivgfa moat nofariouii dasifpu, th«M)b; 
inapirinc an alnM*t unit-prial dutnut. Tbe 
tbaologieal oouervntism with wbicli be baa 
nlwan beni ervditt-d waa loapeRd bf Bitrict 
ivgard to bis own intereata. Under Ctan- 
it^llewaaan (TU>-mv tobiabo^and apatron 
of t«fann«nliko HtcKiird Tav«n«r [q. v.land 
Robtrt Talbot \i\. v.j : 1w w«a tbankrd by 
aaotiwr pfot«MaDt fnr brini^ne him ' out of 
tha blind darknoM of out old relipian into the 
tight of U«minf;,' and tbowgbt tbe * Biabopa' 
Book* of lu3T lou rvaclionarjr. It was not 
■stil Crommll bad fallen aud ll>>iir<r l>Rd 
adopted a more conaerratiiv |>nlicr tliai 
Wnothe»Uj Ti^umnl to r*lholici>m. Kven 
tbea h* McriKcnl notbinK In iti cnuap, and 
few praGtHl more e«ien,iicl_v by ihc aputia- 
tiaaof the monontcries. H«r racked Amu- 
Aakew, it a Inie, but he alau aaiialcd lo 
ruin the Howard*, who alone might bave 
Ma^ed ibe Keformalion afior Hnnr^Vdrinth. 
As lord dianc^lor bs madn no mark rxce|it 
br hui HvirritT toward* tbu victims of 
lirnrT VIII, and hi> Icffal training ut-ms to 
bnvR lyinuitcd loUlv in his admiuioii to 
Orar'nlnn. Lt-1and, lii>wi-Tvr, wrutea eulogy 
of bin) (fnnimJiT. p. lOl'), aiid he is er«dii«<fl 
with at least Iwu in^roarhable seniimraia, 
OMmAy, that he who mid jndice sold the 
king; and tlijil while force awod, juatice 
jovcrnrd tbn world. 

Tli«t« ia aane obMurilr about Ibu identitr 
of Soutbnmpton's wife. lie vas luuried 
before )&33 to Jane. luooe of Stephen Gar- 
diner [q. rA bishop of Winchester, and sinttfr 
of the anfortannle Geraatn Gardimr, the 
bisbop'a priTtlo *ectvtatT,nbowaa executed 



Boonmi-nt is etill extant (GuOBfREUI, p. 
7i). Amaniucriptbookof pnjasddlicailM 
to her b> l[<wir Wdden, apart from its xae- 
tereat aa a colleciion, contains Mme curioaa 
notMt on the family biitaty. It bclomgad to 
SirTbomai niilipfis, and ia 11416 to Bcmid 
(juarit«h. Uy bu coonteaa Wtiolbesln had 
iosae a von. who died in Angnal XaS! (ik 
Xtl. ii. MO); suMber son, Antfaony, who 
died about \!Ai iilie conaolaTciTy le'uar to 
I^iIt Wrioihrvlcyin t.antd, MS.~6,mM.A\, 
appatvnlU m&r* to tbi* evpnt, ibon^ it is 
rndoncd* 151M'),aiid bia oalviun'itingaoa 
and •ucceoor, llrnry !,•(« below t. He bad 
alio five dnughten : (1 ) Eliaabecli, who wan 
■uBcieaily oM 10 hax« married T&omaa 
Radclifi* (afterwards ibird Earl nS Sasaex) 
[q. T.] before l-IAO, and diod without ukdo in 
10iSl-5i (2 1 Marr, wfaomnrritd, fine, William 
SbclleTor)licbelKnvc,andti9Condlv kicbard, 
•oo of Sir Midtod and fciandnOB of Sir Bick* 
■td I.in>iet [q. v.^: (3) Catbetinetwbo muntd 
Tbomaa Coruwaltia of Baet Uonln'iSamw, 
groom-porler loQneen EUnbeth ; (A) Alalm, 
who marrSeil (^ir) Waller Sandn^ ^frandaoa 
of Winiim, Uimo tUndys of the Vyaa fq. v.l ; 
and (5) Anne, who was intended by ner m- 
iher to bo tbn third wife of Sir John Wallop 
[q. v.l Wallop, huwevHr, died balwa ilia 
marriauv took place, and Anne sMm* tO 
have oied unmarried (Trtrtfyan ftprn,,!. -^ 
206-16; trarl.MSS. MK f. 46, 1531* f. %y ■ 
20t3ff. «e-91. ■ 

Hkxht WBtoiiiDLBT, second E*Ki. or 
SotTHiMiTOS (1&45 IWI), only MrviTing 
sun of ihv iir4 earl, wu chriiiteaed on 
24 April IMiV'at St. Andrv-wee iaHolbonM 
with Kreat solempnity, tbe kiagM Mqaaii* 
eodfathor : the Erie of Rawx deputy for tha 
kinge ; tbn Ihikn of Suflblke the otiier god- 
father; my Lady Man- Kuduolher at tbe 
chrutnicftv; and tbo arte of Arundal god- 
faiber ai the biabopiaga' (WnoTBtiaLsr, 
Ctroa. i. 164). lie was «rled Baimt 
Wriotbeeley from l-'xtT antil 30 Jnly ISM^ 
wlien he surcended as unreind Karl of Soutb* - 
ampton. In Aagiut lai2 Edward ^'I wacj 



Wriothesley 



"S3 



Wriothesley 



«nUlUini)d nt TiIfIiGi'Ii). buiI iu loOO th» 
council eDlrui9l(.''l llic i^arl, ' us s irntii of 
•tall!,' lo tlip i-arw ^r Wiili*iii Muti" of \m»o- 
lejPark.tieBrGiJil.irMni(//M/ JMSS. CWun. 

1 7lli H^v- App. )i. fSLS). S(iutlinni|iIon, who 

"v»» priT^tHj raiir.ntird, incliurd f o tho Ito- 

D»n Cktholic! religion, and miKrii^d inw a 

FTtoman entholu! familj. tlia wir^ was JMory, 
(lsuf{hl«r of Antliouv Broiriiv, first. viitwiiiiC 
Uotitiifjuc [q, v.], aud ills uiarria^ looh 

.pUcu oil 19Fvb. 166fi-6,when SoutliHinplon 

I was Milt iioi]t>r agv, at Montagii«'» hoiinR, 
m hn adrjwi without thii ninu-nt of my 
I; ny Rivthcr.' In I068 ho rntcrioiiic^d 
Qur>ra Kliubctk ni Tiiclifield, but hi« 
Itomau Ruth'iUc avminthifs had alri^ad}' 
invuli'L'd kim iii Itiv schoint- for luarrving 
Uary IJufirii uf dcots (o lb? Hake of Nor- 
folk. Thifc WM not ihe limit of hit »li»- 
loj-altj) fnr on 1 Doc. 15<St) ihc Spuiiih 
anhamdnr wmt<> to Aim,* Lord Montn|{uo 
•ltd thn KmI of Koiitliamiitoa linvi' iwiit to 
■■k me for advice us lo wfu'lht-r they should 
bike up amui or go uwr to joixt vxcullvocv ' 
(O//. Simanrat MS.S. 15C8-7I. p. 214; 
FkoCDE. il. 135, I'M]. On tho IHtfa hr nv 
wrted that thelwo lord* »ct,uftUv«tnn«i for 
flandan, but wvrii drivfn hack liy conirury 
'Vrisdl. 8(>ulhamp<onwruurTv<itL>d<mliiJuat- 
1670, andpliici'diii tiiecUHlodyof (Sir) Wil- 
liam Moif of liosi^W, liix foniK'r iiusnlinii 
Ya** p. C. lfi58--6, p. 3WJ; Ilul. .IfSS. 
CtmtM. Ttli ltr)i. App. pp. n^^^i Kkmpc, 
Xotrby MSS. pawim ; ' t1i« Confinement of 
Itip [^rl of 8oiithnmpton,' npud ArvA<ri>- 
If'ffia, xix. 3K3-0). Aci:nrdint[ to Ciucrau de 
KpMihd carlwBi'nKnin'Brruiilfd in Out'jIitT 
li)71,'lui»inj[coiuf uiieiinpxciouBlv ti> court." 
lie wiu reported lo be one of I.bu^ ' willi 
wht»uKidulfiuiu«IprBi;tiwd,anO upon whom 

Ihe put uio«t truBi,' ami, ncconlinit to tlio 
Itiatiop of ItoM, SouiliHinpton coii9ii]li?<l him 
ft* to whether hn might connriimtiuuiJy obey 
Qaniin Klixabnth nnnr the bull of eii-um' 
nuniealion. He wa* examined ou 1)1 Oct. 
ir>71 Uid denied the truth ut' the«e »ccuu- 
tioiu (McBDix, BwyAlry staff i'liyeri, pp. 
88, 40; Cat. Staff Papert, Srottith. ed. 
Tlioip, ii. >48il, j<i<0; Cal. ttatjifld M.S.S.i. 

cae-?, JWi9, nm-'j). lie u .wd {Archaoi. 

x\K. 207) to havo remained at IjMtlev liU 
JuIt 1S7i(, but it nppenrs that ufter lliia ex- 
arauialioii he wiu rvallv continerl in the 
Tower. On 30 March l'C73 his father-in- 
Iftw waaallow^l lu ronfttrwith him' toiic-.h- 
lag omUm* of law and tl>« uw of hia linn^ 
h tia lianit«niaiit [of tho Towerl's prewnce.' 
On 1 May followinjt he waa nlfowed ' more 
libffly,' and on U July waa permitted lo 
'remain with the l.ord Vinoouul Mont«^iie ' 

at C'owdray,nt^KrMidhu»i,8uMex. IHsdi^ 



pule with llie lieutenant of lliu Tower alwut 
hia dieta wai aettieil by arbitraliun, and on 
13 July I G74 he was placed on the oouiiuiuiioii 
oflhepeaiwforIIttiiip»liitv(.1''Mi'. C. II1I-S, 
pp.93. 103, 100, HI, l.-iO, 2137). 1I« was 
also a commisxioner for ihn tranjiport of 
jirain {&. 1677 -S, p. 36.^), commiiMionor of 
mui>lvni,andtoiQp|ireiupira[!j. Twomontfaa 
befcre hia deiith he waa ■u«i»cie<l of haFbuur- 
ing t)dtauiid Cumpioo ^q. v.] : EdwanI tlasc, 
bia oiecutor, was iu priMiu for a simiUt 
reaaon: and onSOPec. I.^^l theearlaliouw 
in llolhom wa* dfnrchcd bT ordar of tlio 
council (iA. l.Wl-1'. op. ISS.LffJ.SeS, 376). 
Soullmraplon diod. in hia thirty -TCVentli 
Tear, on J Oct. liWl, and was Wied in 
Titcklield thurch. where Lia mouumeul ia 
■till extant. Hia portruit, painted by Lacaa 
van IIiMre, DOW ut BiidjiewaterHouai^.ia re- 
produced in l.e"'* ■ l.il'n of Shakfjipenrp ' 
(iltmitratcd edit. l8«D)j wilh the inaccutn^ 
common at thn time itiiinicribi'd'n^tatia 19, 
1S6«.' By hia wife, whose portruit ia at 
Welbeclt.SiMithaiiiptouhad ioaue a «on, who 
died young; hia ftou and aucce«aor, lletiry 
Wriuihesley, third earl of Soiitbampton 
fo.v.'i i and a dauR[hler Mary, who on 18 Juna 
lfl8fi_WBs licrinspd to marry in hsr molbiT'a 
privnin chapel in St. Andrew's, llolbom, 
air Matthew Ariindell {BUhoa of Lvndon't 
Man-, ittmnst, Ilnrl. Soc. 1520-ltilO, p. 
111)1, Ilia will, dated -Ji* June L'l^l.waa 

E roved in 1083. \l\% widow married, as 
er second hu'band. Sir Thomaa ]li-ncat{« 
[11. V.]; and n» her third, in May l.WS, Sir 
William (nflerward» bafrm) Uitrvey of Kid- 
brooku [q. v.] She died in lt)07. and waa 
buried at TitchUeld, her will, daled L»2 April, 
heliig proved on i Noi. I<i07. Aulugraph 
letlerw from Suutliauiptoti to Burghley and 
iho lord* of tho council ilesiring hio mlcase 
ant extant in Lan)>don'iic MSS. Id, art*. 22 
and 2.1, and 17, art. 14. 

f 8kalch*a of Soul ham ptonV lifa ar* gitan in 
Cnnipbrir» Liveeofthii frtird (.'ImiiCBlIoni, Koaa'a 
Judgni of Kii^l,. and Cooptrr'i .'Vlhuofe Cantabr.; 
but all iiiHul ID be lupplirnieDtcd Irom recently 
pul'Iisbiul CnleadHta uf ^IhIi> Pnpi-n, Itr««ar 
and GairduiTa Cnl. Lvllcra Biiil iSiprr* of 
Utnry VIII, vola. ir.-»vi.; Cal. .'•tatp ftppri, 
ypniitdi. vukvi.ni.; CHl.nnlltiildMSS. vol.).; 
Apliiof thr PriTV Council, rd, Dawiit, Tiilli. i-i)i. 
See aim Cotton' M.S5. Tilira It il. IT, 319. 3S0^ 
338. TJi. t. H, Caligula I) »ii. f. SOI. Galba B «. 
ir 128. Vil: Harl. MS.4, 2H2 nrt*. 76-8.'., 283 
•rn. 8a. 103.800 f. 4u. 807 f,ST. ei3 (1. 117-19: 
Unaii. MS. 2, aria. 8, II : .Slows MS. HI f. 78; 
Aa<bt. MS.^, V.H14l!r. S3:i-t(;,SHU-J3 t.«i Siala 
r»pon. Henry VIIT. Tola. i.xi.; Art* of Uia 
I'nry Conucil. ed. Nicola*, rol, rn.; Kymw'* 
FVdiira, voln. xir, and XT.: Lord*' Joumnla; 
Off. Ktturn Mxnib. of Tarl.; Kaynr* and 





Wriothesley 



«54 



Wriothesley 



I 



Munlln'ii BwBhlsv Stale Pkpera; Wnorht«lej'* 
CliTuii. tiul Tioatiln riDna<.'l«i wilh tho I'nyar 
Boo)E(CaBd'iB9i>'-.): l.it. Koni*iiuo( EdmM VI 
(Roxburgbe Club) ; Ar<hiM)Iu)Ci>. i^i- 4flH Kgl- : 
Coctnp- Polrliqu'' do Uiiiilliio et ds OJk do 
Salve. ptMoni : lI(i|Jiii'a I)cni GenliiiIiamiD» 
FottM; Null'* Wurks E>r KiirniT; Urrlidrt'i 
Baign of lltfiirr VIII; Ilaywonrit lt«ii;ii iir 
Eivird VI ; Vtaust't Trantiio of IViliiiiiB 
Power; BII1*'h Originiil Irf^ltsn; LoJge'i lllui- 
lnuiani of Bri)i»li Ullitnrj; IlKllliltdD PitEIUl, 
I ToI», IS90 ; StfT!w» Wofki (Kuonsl inil««); 
yo»e'iiAcn»>i*ni!Miinimieni4; lIoliiMfn-ii'iChren.; 
8ti>w*a AnnaN ; ()<iiije<>'h liiJax to PATkw Soo. 
piibL; He.Tlvd'a Uial. i-f tlif Ktifiinulion : 
UwDM'it U'ni. at. roeeck; Ftouile'a Hint, of 
EPKlaiiil; DiinnV Ilini. of th* Churrh of V.ng- 
1ml: Dugiljls's iUroiuiit* -, Bnrini'* Gxtiact 
PMntss; IPojIo'* Offieinl BnroTiaito: O. K. 
uiuliHjiiaT* C<>mp1si> PMr»g« ; W«rnBr'* Ui>U 
of Unmivliir*; lliu-ry's Iliiuipttiira PodlKiocs; 
llampihite ViM Club Pitpvrii luul Prvrvnlingi, 
ISSSInnd ISBB ) A- K. P. 

WKIOTHESLBY. 'I'lHlMAS. fourth 
Rail nr li<n'Tit*iiproii (16or-l6071, •ocond 
but iJdi-jtl ■iirviviiiK ion of licary Wriolbut- 
Ibt, lliird purl ••( 8i>utliumiit(iii [(j. v.^ bom 
in mOi, vra.1 «liioiitT^d ul Kttin und Migdklen 
OolluKiV Oxford. H^ '^uoewHled lo thn Mrl- 
doin on Ilia fAtli"r'« d"nt)i on 10 Not. 1624, 
Hod inli«riT«d ittrei^ yr-ioeHy in London oa 
well M in liampdiiri'. Itrowni-Hl the miinor 
of HloiHnibiirv, lii-iidoi Wouihampton Houh 
in llnlbom. h rum Ui lord lir |ip.K.-(>i.'dFd luT.be 
cnntiuitnl. and •ta^cil I'ur ni^nrtv T'^n vuara In 
Kraiicuaud tlii- l^wGoiintrics. lie mnrripd 
in Fmnci! in Aiig;usC 11)04, and wxiii nftpf- 
warda r«turD«d borne. In Aii(tn«t 1635 ho 
HUircivil •nrioii* nnxiety from tbi' piTiiilenpy 
with nhieh tha kinR nnd hia niiiiilvrii Iniil 
claim in tU« name of Uia crovru to Lis uro- 
ncrty in tbs New Foceat about UiTaulieii. 
In Uciobur 1U3A a foivHi court, silting under 
ittv Karl of Hfillniid »t Winclicjitpr, i»»iHMl 
a doOTM d««riTinK liim nf Iriiid worth L',(MK)/. 
ft^aAT. Tn* I'nrl nttitiimi>d for tvliuf, nnd 
Bio* monthi lutur ilie kint; nfiri-i'd to fureijci 
Clw nnjuflt Miiurn of tht> propL-rty. 

AmanofitiodiTratu^-iewa, SoutliBiupt'.inTV- 
Mnled urarmly I !>•.■ kiii);'ii and t li<? Kark'f 8t mf- 
fovd'a eiarava^aot notloiia of «ov>.<n>itrn'T' 
Uci tit* nluctant to identify 111 mM'Ifn'itUthd 
chAinpiona of pnpalnrritthta; but the Hoitn 
tiiiindiiiip, howfTpr, which lind «ub»i»tcd bc- 
twc«n1u«own father und ihf fatUyr of the 
(bird Kail of linaex inclined him to act tvitli 
tint latt«r n'hxn the dillvruucvs between the 
kin^aadpartiametitflnt becaiiiepronoiincod. 
DurlDg the Sbnrt pitrUiininnt of ltl40, ho 
deelArod liimir'lf ngniiiiit tha court, nnd in 
April votnd in Uio minority in thi.' House of 
Lwd* which (upiJortcd Ihu resolution of Uie 



It no V 



House olCominoiiB that radTCM of grwTanc«« 
eboiild pf«c«i)e fopply. Bnt b* wmt no 
furthorwith tb'>advencodMrtrnftbn HoaM 
of Common*. Allbougb bn Wad little «ym- 
pnthy with StmlToTd, ho diiliked the ran- 
four with which ihn Ifooiii of Common* 
nunuvil hiiu. Ue diaaocMled hiiaat'lf fr«tD 
Ktsex when criniinal proMvdings wvn initi- 
ated flgajittt Stmllbrd, and the mtniyMnanat 
grew raptdljr. Un .1 May 1A4] Iw daclinwl 
aavnt to I'vtn'a * pimtntation acniDtt plota 
and cDnBpimcie*.' Thit wa» io(rn«l by c»-cry 
other mi-mbrr prrwnt in fuch of the two 
houau, excepting' Lord Kolmxius and him- 
ii^lf. Tbe ciiiumuu» avvBMil SontliaaipioD's 
action by voTiiig that ' wWt pCTSOn sOftnr 
wbn obonld not lalce tfaa proiMliition wu 
nnflt to boar oHiea in the dur^ or ciiiiBnan> 
wealth.' Thcnodorth tjoathampton coid- 
pl«taly identitied himnt'lf with the Viag. He 
wia »uon nppointud a lord of the kin^a bed- 
cbamber. and joint lordlieulenoDtfiwiUmp- 
ahire (3 Jiiri" lfl41>, and npit year becam«in 
meiubprof lU^priTv council (S.lnn. lf(41-2). 
lie b^cnmr ona of tbo kinj^'s clo«st adnwr*, 
nnd ivmninnd in attendance on bim wiili 
fRffinlorvahi till hia death. He accvrnpHnie^ 
('harlus on liii Kaal departure troia Uimlon 
in theautunmoTllMlrDUt waabopehilvatil 
the last that peece would be taxilv t^taivA. 
No aonnar \m Cbirlce [ aat up hU standard 
at Nottingham than Soulliain|ii»n pTrrailnl 
on liim to propoM a notilcratni to tim nar- 
linment. OnS>i Aue. iai:i thelitu)(aont liiui 
and Culjiepper lo %^ enlmiiiater to tnmmt a 
basis for nu^lialion, but the pariutaent 
aitmiDarily rmeciv<l ib« QT«Tlar«>. The Ipni^g 
enlnixtvd in Southampton the chiaf matwi^ 
mcnt of thn friiitl«M trrnty with ibo parlm- 
nuintnry commiHioiMTS at Oxford in ItiVi. 
Whitidocke my* that the earl alood by the 
hin^ daily durm^ ibe prot^ss of the oe^ 
tiatioiM, whisperint; him and adrisinf hint 
throQjf bout. In the euec«eding y^inr he wo* 
appointed n member nf thn rouiiEil for tbit 
Prin«c of Walw. t)n 17 lire. 1814 Soath- 
ninptonnnd ihnUukoof Kichmond, aflirrt^ 
coirinff a aafixondact fnmn tho parliament, 
amin brouffht to WeclmLnster a letter, in 
which dMHM nqueated the houM* to a^ 
point comnMowM to treat of peR«e. In 
Jaoiiarr ltU6 Southampton, whow> cflijinii 
for pnacn nernr alachrnHl, rrpriMnniod tha 
kinjr III the nbortivD conference nt I'shridpe. 
Later in thoyear Soiitliampton aftiun prcqird 
on the kin;; the iirj^nl need of brinsing the 
war lo an end. In April itUti tbe king: *ei>t 
blm nnd th<i Karl ol Lindmy to Ooloit*! 
RniiohnmiiKh, who was attncking Wood- 
■lock, with initniction* to open negotiationv 
throuRh tbi: colonel with the Kmy, 



I 




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ISS 



Wriothesley 



34 Juni! Itttfl Soulhnmplon irnn one of the 
|irivy councillor! who, on bcbiiir of the kin^. 
urnfied irith Sir Thonins Fairfax for tLe 
ttamtuJmr of OiforJ, 

Bi^fcre buiitliampI'Mi IvCl Oxford i liutjr 
Tebuk« fri>in rriiiot Itujim-l Icrd to ft quuTvl 
b«l ween the priDMAiid rinulhamplon, «'liich 
1m] liuport to iMnu) Soutlisnipron a chnllc-nffn. 
SoutbatDplon choH I» li^'it "'> f'>ot ''lilh 

SiMola. Sir Geor(fo l"iIIior» w«j appointed ' 
ia irooiiil, but oflM' all urrsii^mi-nU had 
bePD BOilo for B, iluel tlie fnviiiU of tba 
panim ialerveneil and i-lT«.'(^<I a reouooilia- 
ti<n. In Ckubt^r ItMT .S-jutlmmjiKin, nicli 
lb" Dale of Iticbmoncj, Marqiila of Ormonde, 
•Dil olhrra, 'rnnii* to tlin king nt. Ilomptan 
Couit, inlcndinit to rmldi! Ihnv at liin roun* 
a\,' but Ifao ormjr vctoiKl tbi^ Drrun),'«iteni 
(WnlTBUHTtli, ii. 2lm. On VJ Nov. lOir 
thft king vi«ited tlie EbtI uf SoullMiuiitOD 
Kt kiiS honsfr at Titclifield. ou bis way to lbs 
Id* of Wight, mill iioiiihaoiplon followed 
th* kin^ tbitbiT. Ho nftiTwiLrd* clnimcd 
to liavo bcnn the fint In thaw thi' kinfi at 
Oui«bn>okctiic'Kikonliiuiliki;;'hi.-iil1inn«d 
(bat llui booh woi written bv Dr. Goudini 
aud iDi'n-lj approved bv CbarW I ' ua eou- 
toiiUBK hisMnaeof thiuf^.' I>i March 1R48 
hs nfiiMd to ta»\«t in a nuw negotiation 
balween the kin^ and the ind0pi^dont«L 
H* wa» in iMadaa dtirinK tlip hitiK's trial, 
mad vuited biin oitcr hi* eoniliMnttiition. It 
tM aaid that on tbe nittht foltowiiif; ('liiirlvi'a 
AZeootion SouTliumploii ubliiiii«d leare tu 
watcli by IIm dwid (lody in the banquating 
hall at Uliilnhnll, nnd tliat in tlia darknsM 
tlivn c«iirrad thn cbunbtr a naulHed fl^in 
who sattpml 'Htirrn necoMi^.* Soulh- 
■apton alHTTa«d hi* conriction timt tbi! 
liwtor was Cromwell. On H Feb. 16111 
Sonthajupton attended the king's ftuienl at 
Windtor. 

After tb» king;'* dealh Si>iiihampton Urtd 
in nttirpinnni in IImi counliy. The parlia- 
ment Mcma lo have obown Inninncv in ihirir 
tTHlniait of hi* eMato. lie iroi allowed lo 
DOinpoand for hia *deli)iqiieiic,y ia adhrrin)^ 
to the king ' by a payment on 'J<t Nov. lUltl 
of O^iGl^ Ibat nuu beiuj^ aMumnl to Ik u 
mth of tbe Tnlu« of his penonul proptTtv, 
At lh« aainii limn bfi vns roqitired lo Mtt!<< 
260/. a year on ibn puritim miniotry of 
HaMpahiw out of tli* riTuipin of ibe rcic- 
twiea in tha county, thn litbe^ of which be 
ovned (Cni. ChmmiUfr for Compounilini/, 
M. ii- pp. 1607-^). Ilia krrtune waa tbere- 
fore *Iill Urge, aiid he was librral in gifU to 
the new kin^ ChorW and hia lupportert. 
After th* batiJo of Womain he omred to 
ceenve the prince at hit hoitm and praride 
a ship for fail cacnpe. lie doctiniid to to- 



b. 



cDjiiiiii! Cromwell and hi* ^remmant. Wbon 
Ibe l*rutL>ctoT Iiappmod to be in llampthim 
be wnt Uiu earl an intimation that be pro- 
poa«d to riut him. Soulhamptoii sent no 
n^plj, but at once withdrew to a distant 

fan of ihe county. neooR«t]K>Dded with^ 
Ijds, with whom ho had fornnd a ehM 
fnendihip nt Oxfor[l, and loakad fivwar 
with eanndencu lo tha ItaKoralioit. 'Wlien 
it arrived Southainpton rv'^ntarcd public 
life. His moderate temper gainud him the 
ear of all purtiM. lu tlu> onventiun par* 
liomenl bo spoke for merciful troatmeut of 
the rvgicidr* who j-urmndi-rvd (Ut^DLow, ti. 
290). .\l Cnntcrburj, on bi« wav lo I>od 
don, Cborlc* II roaclmiitod him to ibi^ privj^ 
council and cruaied him K.O. On (* iVpt." 
iiJUO he waa appointed lo the hijth and 
rmpooaihle office of lord bigrb tn-aeiirvr of 
England. Tbi« office he held till bid death. 
On f> Feb. lfifitl-1 Southnnijuoti publicly 
tOoktiOMnuinnof lhotrRitsiiryollic<«(pKrT«, 
i. 311 ). Ncit year he cndcnvoiirrd to unttlo 
tli« kintt'i reveuun un lounil pnnniplr*, and 
to 'give lo every (jeneral ex|ienie proper 
aaaifpuneuta ' (Pbpts. ii.t37). At [lie atmu 
time be acted on Ibe eonmiltee fur tb« 
aeltlement of ibc marriflge of tbe king with 
Catherino of Itvngnn/n. Ilr Komrd to talm 
penonal ndinnlntfc of hh plocr, on nlbnrs 
bad done, niid cnme to iin ajtreemi-iit with 
tba king by whith ha was lo receive u fijed 
subu'v of HfiOOl. a year, Th*. offices, wbioh 
hud formerlv been aoUl br tbe Ireaauwr for 
hisownpro^i, wvreplocei) at tbedtipoaal of 
tbe king. ^ Inng an bo held ihe tMMOnRr- 
iJiip no (aipidnn nf pemonrvl (virruptinn 
full on him. Hut it wn« brvond his poner 
lo rpducK the ['orrupt indupDCM which domi* 
nalud Charles irapemanRl following. Like 
hia clow friends C'liir^ndun and Ortnonde* 
who bad al»<> been cunticillota of tbe new 
king's father, h» rvinineil Ihe decoroui 
gravity of mnnnnr which b.id brcn thirty 
Venn before in fanhion at. Wbiieboll, and 
won wholly out of Bvmpnlbj' with the dp- 
pnived leniper of the inner circle uf tbo 
court. lie Bl Snt hoped thai he might be 
able to Kforui tbe conduct uf Ibe king and 
hia frieod«, or hi. Ies«t aet a limit on their 
wnKloful eippnditure of tho country '■ rmve- 
nuD. AccimlinfC to ('ln^■^doa be liint nil 
apirit for bi» work when he perceived that 
it waj out of human power to 'brinff tbp 
eApeuse of tbu court within ibe limits of 
the revenue.' Ili- «poke with nvret of bis 
etforta in behalf of Ibe kiu^ during tlio 
exile, and openly ftlnted thai, bad he known 
CbiriM Il'a true character, be would nerer 
barn conM^trd lo bin nnrondilional rmlo* 
ralion. Clorcndon crcditi him with sag- 



Wriothesley 



156 



^V^iothesie)' 




linslinK tbo ink of Donhirk lo meet thn 
prcminjf nuui3> c>r ttio cxcliotiURr; bat b'u 
Twcntmcml of tlic Uing'a buhavioiir. and liin 
pprvmuU nul)vrLii|pi from tlie ^uf sutl Htuiiv, 
KtsiIubIIv witlj'Irvw him frum nctiii- work 
III Iii» office. Ho lofl liie wlinle cnniliirt nf 
trt<i»ury biminrKi lo hia n\;n>lilrv, Sir I'liilip 
Wnrwick [g. T.J In IBIil l>ortl Arlington. 
Anlili-j-, ftnil Sir Willinm (.'oTrntry ii[)])i«Icd 
10 iht' iiing to diipW'u Soutlinmpluti, on ilic 
f^ouiad thul hu had di^li-outiiUiill liiH fuui^tiuus 
to Warwick. Cbriiiiduii, wLo oaiisiaully 
soitgbt lilt advict.i, nnd wnn [iriiu'l of ilio 
l<<nf[ iotimiu'v, iirgi'd liim lo ri>ninin rI his 
p<Mt nnd ]inniiiiid<'d thit king (« rrtiun liit 
aon-iopi. Aopurdiim lo IJiimct tho kiiig 
Mood • in toiau awv of him, nnd eow Low 
populnr IiL> would untw if uut out of litn 
Kcviw, and tlien^furt- bu cuoM' rulber lo 
bvarwilti hia ill humour and contmdjctjon 
ibnn lo dinniiw him.' 

Ill r.hiiri^h mntiPtu Koiiiliiira]ittin powpr- 
fullv luppcirled tho nrincipU's of tlio mIb- 
biiiJiroeoi. Ill I13USI1Q upjHjiwd ill coiiiiiriJ 
anil {nrliuuivDt llii- bill fur libvrlv of eun- 
acit^iicc, by wbieh Charles proposod to allow 
A ULiver*al t.otpmtion nf cnlholiM. W'hen 
th^ bill vritBprPwnli'd lo thr IIoiisp nf l^ird* 
for tint lirnt lime-, Sciuthnraploii ilwlnri'd 
thnt it KB* a ' di'«i(t" imnimt the prottatnnt 
reIij(ion and in fnvour of tliL- papiBts.' On 
thi'svcand ruudiiijt h(f druouiicvil il as' u pro- 
imi lu K<-*1 money at the price of religion.' 
Finally thtf bill WHS dropped. 

When Honio irooM of xukrdu wnm minnd 
on the orCfwion of the out break of tbo t'ift h- 
moiinrchy men under TliomiiBVennfr.Soulh* 
Dinpttm stroiiRly proiiouui-'t'd ugaiiiBt. u utaiid- 
ing sriuy. llv iletlared 'ibej- bad felt thi> 
vITeula of a military oovcnmir.nt, thoiich 
sober and reliRioiiK, in Oromwnll'i nimy ; be 
helieved vieioiiii atid ditaolutu troops would 
hn much wor»c; thu kin(( would arow fond 
of ihi-'in ^ and liivy would quickly bveomi? 
tnaoleiit aiid ungovernable i and tlieu «U(;b 
men u» he uiubI be only iiwiriimonl* to merre 
tbeir end* ' (ItricNM'r). 

Townnln thn plow of IRdti Southnnipton 
fril dcspntntflly ill. A Frfiich tloetor hovq 
him no reliff. 'The paiu of the bIohu jfrew 
upon him to Huch a de^'ree thut he rewjived 
to have it cut ; but a woman mine to him 
who pretended i^Ik* hod rin infallihin tecrot 
of diiwolving tbo ^tont:', nnd broiighl. kui^h 
vonchcrs lo him that bo jiut biai.wif into 
her bonds. The medicine bad a groat ope- 
ration, tlioufjii it eiiiled fulsllr.' He bore 
Ibe ledioun uain wiih aitoiiiahinji; paiieiice, 
and died al hi" houmi in l.nndon on lli Mnv 
16(17. II« wnn burinl nl Titchlipld. 

Soutbnmpton'a dulicoiry of conititution 



iru a mnin obntiwli^ in bL* cnnvr, and inv- 

Trntcd hii modnnliiifinflwiK-p from ajitict- 

in^ the eoutiH.- of afTnirs to tlip extent thu 

his abililim, houcaty. and cuurnKu dtacmd. 

I *llaiin|l nil inlirm UkIv. he nssDetcr active 

in ariiiv*,' wrote Sir Iwlwartl Walker (A^ 

moir Ms. IIIO, f. 170). Daniet de<snibed 

him on ' a man of gn-aC rirtan and of Tcry 

good parti: Iw had n liT^j- apprehoasion 

. and a good judgnuint.' AcoordinK to bii 

' admiring friend Clurendua, 'li<* «>*i in hi* 

' nature melancholick, and reatrrted in his 

j conferMtion. , . . Hit penoti waa of a amall 

I (tatuiv ; bia cnnrsff*', a* all hi* otber facul- 

i tie*, ver^ (jTVint ' iCiAiiKitDox, IJ/r, iii. 7^). 

I 'Thero u a goad miui gene,' Wfoto ropn, 

I who called at ihu lord truanuri^t's home 

' Jual af^er his death: hut, despilf his in* 

tegrity, I'epj^ was inclined to attribule tu 

his fJownets aod remiMiieu • Urg« diara 

in thn diMuilor* which fell on ibe nation 

during ('hnr!o« il'a rpign. *And Trt/IVpni 

udded, 'if 1 knew nil th« diffieullitv that [id 

hath kin under, and hia iutrument Sir 

I'hilip Waru'ick, 1 might be brought to 

another nijud' (I'UPTa, Diary, ed. ^^'lle«ttey, 

vi. S2I'2|. Pepys nlwaj« found him,om- 

rinlly. ' > very rrady man, and certainly a 

hrnvu nerrnnt of the kin^;' tkn only tbingf 

that displeasud the dinrist in him perM- 

nally waa the length to which he let bia 

naiU grow (ifi. iit. 3<ii). 

He married three limea. Hi» fint wife 

wna 'in lirlle el v^rloeuae Hugueuotte,' 

Knchel, elditil dnughtvr of Daniel de UaMiie, 

■eigneiir de KuTJatiy, whom be inarrind in 

Frauct- ill August lual : »be died on 16 Feb. 

I 11^40. By her Suuthumplon bad two soni, 

Charles and Heuri', nho di«d young, and 

thmi daiii;!iter«~->lHg<laleo, wliu dinl an 

infant: ICIixabnlh, wifeof Kdward Noel, first 

I carlof Oniiuborougb; and l{a<-.b«!, wif* Snt 

I of FrniiciH, lord \'uuHhan. nnd •ucondly of 

William, lord Hujuell. ' thi- patriot.' South- 

atiiptuu'8 seeond wife wua Elizabeth, el dent 

' dHii);hter and heireM of Franciit Leigb, lord 

1 I)iinamon> (aflerwanU carl of CliicliestM), 

by whom he bad four dniighler^ ; only OiM 

I lurvived Toutb.namelTKIiznbcth.who mar- 

j ried, first' (:;a Doc. IflfVil, Jowelino I'nrcy, 

eleventh earl of Northumberland; and ao- 

condly (H Aug. 1674), Ralph Moiiiapi, 

diik^ of MontaiFii (q. t.} Soulhamplon's 

third wife was Franoea, necnnd daughter of 

U'illinm Kirymour, n-cond dnke of SomefMt 

[(]. v.], and widow of llicbard, Mcond via- 

euimt Molyneuiof UaryhoToueh in Ireland. 

Ww widow married, aa her third husband, 

Conyeni D'Arcy, second enrl of Holdemewe : 

abi! nils burind in Westmin»lvr Abbe? on 

fi,Tan. IflSOI. 



I 



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«57 



Writer 



On h'u dwith iritliniit mnln knir* thn i>arl- 
iloa becftoi'rxtmct.biit it wni nMTi'ated oa 
3 Auf. 1670 in heUait of IThsdcMt Fitiroy, 
uuiintl laa of Char W 11 bv tll(^ Dui'lieM of 
ClBrrlau(l. Tlii^ n?-L-reii1t'<l varldooi ofSoutb- 
unplou wu elutatvil into it cjiikednni on 

I 10 Sept. Iffl-y 

I SouthAmpton Inft hi* murk m London 

tOfHWrnphf. In cnrly life hr iibnnctoniM] tba 
fninil; maiuion, Suiithiini[it(iii IIuum in 

IUolborn. In IDSttlii^ pL'iiiiuuFil tLi- Houm 
of LorLi for |tt!riniiuioii to dcmoliiili JI, And 
lo build «iuull tcnoiueiiM oti iu 8it<.'. IVn 
luission nw n.>riiN}fl at llie timn. but about 
lOA^ lb» f*r\ cnrrird nitt hi* dniitin. and 
th« old llolbnra honm woa convc^tiil intu 

jl Southampton Kuildinirs. At tlu.- saiae lime 
he built for bimKlf a twvr tuii] inacniBi^'^"'' 
raidenci' on Tbu north side of wbat is now 
Bloomaburir Squarn. Thi*ueW0dinc«,Soatb- 
anpion Iloiiiio, occupied the wboln of tbn 
north sidn of ihn pmnciil Bhom«burv fiquiite. 
It U ■utipoiiil 111 bat-ii iH^^n dni^ud hy 
John VVi-bb, IniiTo Juiim's pupil. The 

' Knrdeiu included ihu south side of whul is 
now RuUKiU Siiuarc. l'«pys walked out to 
«« ihu earl'a n«w K'«i<li'iico on Siinilay, 
12 Oct. Itlt!3, nnd iht:nvA \t -a Tfty gtvat 
and n nnbic work' (I'KrtB, Diarii, iv. ^561. 
Kiriyii,wbori«(irdii n dinner cm U Feb. ICBii 
at 'my lord lr™*uriVi ' in Bloonmbury, any* 
that [III- i-arl built ' a noliL' i^itiurH i.ir piuziH, 
• little lower. Biiiii" aiM\-- niiiinj, ii pn^tty 
C^ar cb Hue I. II uiiiivo ^Mnlun In iln' norlli 
with good nir.' Tbo lioUM, Krnlyn nddtvl, 
stood 'too low.' 

1 Much ofihr earlV Undcd property in both 

1 London and IIuaijHibire yuwed, on Soulb- 
nmutoD'sdralh, toLi»eld><4tduU),'bler Eliia- 
bi'lu aod b^r liii*band, I'Mivnrd Noi'l, first 

, url of Gniiuborongb. On ihi^ir only «on 
liring without ixtua tbo 'I'itclilicld eitato 
Dltimatftly poswd to tbi'ir two tfraiKldiiiiirb- 
t(rr>, co-ncinusca - Kliiubvlb. wife of \Vil- 
Uim Henry Bent iuck, lir^l dukeuf Portlund, 
and ICavhel. wife of tli-" fir*t duhe of Beau- 
fott. Titcbfiitid IIo<Ji>»ev>tntunIly hccnmothn 

IprOMRy of the Ditcbi-Mi of I'nrllaiiil, whonn 
hMMnd OMumed ibi! •teondncv title of 
)(an]uia nt TilcliBeld. Tim Tilelitield pro- 
pertT wsa auld by the third dukeuf I'ortuuid 

Int tne end of llie eif;bt->>-utb eeutury. 
Soathampioii'* »eoood daught4<r, fincbcl. 
wife of William, lord [{iimu-U. tuid motbf.r of 
WriollwU'y HhmoU. locond duke of Bed- 
lord, finally inlicritcd the frreater part uf 
SoathacDpion'ii propurt^ in London, the 
Rloomxbury Mtute falling lo her uit the 
death of b'l^r eld«r aisier, the Couiitew of 
I Qainsborough, in 16M1. RiiulhamptOD Ilouiin 
I in Blooimabury dMC«ndod lo hor ton, the 



Kccond <liilin of IMford, nnd wnn rrnnmrd 
Bedford IIou)i-; it wiu palled down in 
IWO. The Blrmmiibury property of tile 
duk«<4 of Bedford thui ririu^licd t hem tkruuab 
NV'illiam lord KaBwII'Miiurmin* with 8outu- 
nmpton'* daughter Rncbcl, The taemury 
of ii« origin*] connectioo wiUi ib» Eiitl of 
iJouthaniDtoa survive* in ibn name of Soiiili- 
omptoii Itow. 

The llolbom property nnd tbn Mtato of 
Beaulieu in Ilnmpihiru fell i^ KliHbcili, 
ducheu of Moiiiajtu, Suutbiunpton'ii dau|;U- 
t«r by his second wife, 

A portrait of .Southampton by Sir Peter 
Ij^ly » tbp property of tbe Duho of B^lfonl 
ivlWobiimAbboy; it in mproduci'd in LiKign'a 
' Porlmil' ' (v. 179). Anolbnr porlrnit b©- 
k>iii;4to tbe Duke of Portland at Welbeck 
Abbej-, A third portrait, formerly in ibo 
Knrl of Cliireudon's gallery, hua long waK» 
diaappenred. 

[Clnrmdon In iho Continuntioa tit liii Lit 
gives an admtralilo ikoirti at hiw frinnd'a oamv 
and rhanwlor, 17.19. rol. lii. pp. 7SU^0. Se» 
atiiu Whitrtock*') Momoriatt; Ludlow's Mo- 
ntoin. mti-Vl. rd C. II. Firlh. tll!14 ; Itnmot^ 
IliiL of bit owii Tinix; I'-hI. Slal« pBrwa.^ 
iJiini. ! pB|)3r»» Diary, rd. Whtiniley ; Raul[e'« 
Ilisl.uf l^nzland. i-i. 84 : I^odge's r.iriinii.i, t. : 
WkmlFy nnd Cunninsbani'n Londun I'nHt mid 
Prow-'nc ; Oitrdiiiur'* Hitit, of ICnuUnd. viii. 80. 
li. 109, itiid Hist, of Ihfl Grrnt Civil Wsr.l 

S, 1 

WRITER, ri.HMKNT ijl, M\2'A^!y^\ 
'anti-»i:ripturiit,'waaaploibiprinWim'(i»t,<'r, 
nnd ia ebiellv memomble for hii altiick* on 
the infallibility of the bible. In \&27 
•Ciemevil Write, tailor.' nltiicbed Captnin 
Kdward Sprinji» bornw* for a, debt of 8i 
(f/n/. .S/nf^ra/w», I637-!>, p. 83). lu liWI 
bt^ had u Un-iuit with John )!ai:4l>>r. who 
wrolu on 19 Nov. to Sir Itiidlny ("nrleion, 
viscount Dorchester [q, v.J, reoufttinp bhn 
to uvif bis influence in hi> bebnif with Sir 
Xnthaniel Brunt [«. v.], judge of the pri> 
n^ativB f^url (ift. lli3I-3. p. IM). He bud 
another lawcuit at a Uler date agniiul his 
uncle, tieofge Wnrlidd, in the couii of 
chuiifery. in wliicb Xm comninini'd that iIks 
lord keeper, Coventry, did bim injuitipo to 
the extent of autQel,COO/. on tbe tepmwnta- 
tionn of some puritan antagonist <i£, litSfi 0, 
p. M). On 4 n«c, |i)40 be pelitioned for 
fedrej»io'ibo)rnind cotOBiitteeof thepounn 
of justiou,' but before bi« ca*o eoidd \k heard 
the committue wnn dijjolu'd. In February 
1616-11 he reut'wed bin eowplnint toihe com- 
luiltee of tbo Houie of Commons appointed 
to consider petitionE. Tbi-y on 10 Fi-b. 
nominated a stib-cotninittee to esamlna 
bin ca>n, but before tbeir report vran made 



r 



ths (icnumiltRn of pi>til:nnii vn* ■iii>[i«tidmt, 
AAcr tlii« ni-w diHtppriintnu'iil In- [irinii-il 
uid dirtributpil to himiiImtii of pnrtiitinrni 
' "nil! Siul Cum- of Clfiui'Ut Writi-r, who Imh 
tntited for relief? iLen-in sidm the Imiiifa 
DeOemWr ItMO/ Id ll»:i tli«< \VorC4«t<-r 
romraillw for teqaentration wew rajoiiied 
hjr Thomnji I'owli, jnlii-itor fi>T the Coib- 
Rionwralth, In rxKntinr inlo liis riuii> nrninM 
!>ord Covi'iitry ( fa/, o/" I'roernlingt nfCam- 
■initlfeffir (hmp'jiinJiitff, |).5fi6|, hut iIip di»- 
■□iLitiim of puTliumi^iil in UiTviubrr nm'i' 
urevi-uted bis obtaiDlnir hesriiij;. On 1 Urt. 
16A6 lie petition*)) Cromwell ou iV Mibjtvt, 
and th* council of »lntp rvfrrrwl hi» can? Ui 
» cninniiltp«. WhMhi^r h<r iilt.iniiilolj oV 
Iniftiid Hill iifact ion i> unccrtnin. 

AVIiili' Wrilrr's ttinponil nffaim vrrre far 
Irom piwBiii-Tou). lii« Kuirilual condition, n«- 
MtdiuK to Tljumii» Edwanl* (lr>gO-lfti:) 
[q. v.j, wBi" conltniiBlly bcomiii); mot« 
druidfnl. OriKinollf « pn'tbvlerisn, or kt 
((M( ■ |i<mtnn, nhoiii UYA^ ho' foil oiTIVnin 
tho eoDununion of our cliun^hcs lo indo- 
wndcnoy and Urowiiiiini? ; fmm t.linl hr- 
M\ to HnBtinptiamc niid Annitiinniitne and 
to mortali^mv, Ii"Miii); llwi houI ciuiinl. 
After (hftt lie fell to be « weli-r. niid in 
iKijr nn nnii'scriptiirisl, qiiM^rloiiiM, luid 
fCPliticki nnd, I font, nn nllififit ' ( Gangivna, 
1617. pp. Bl-1'). Hy 1(!47. Kdwnni. pro- 
of*d« to Kiy, he hnd become 'nn nrftli- 
licn'lir{ui> Had fcarfull apuKtati>. nn old wnlf, 
and ■ sulilitv mair. who fsoen sbr^iit ivjrrupt* 
iiUC And vvutitii,' h\f vrmrd: li# if nfli^u in 
WestininM"r-Hnll Hnd in ilm F^cliang*.' 
tnnhinK it ' Ilia Imtini^iii^ to pliindnr men of 
ihnit fnitli : ntid if he rnn do t.hnt iip»n nny it 
fattons bim — tbtit'* tneni t<i him ' ( I'ft. p. «4 ). 
Kdwnrds SMi?rts tbnt Writer hnd a Inrjrr 
cbari.' in 'M&ii'h Murtnlilip.'Hu unonymcuifl 
tract usually nttril)ut«id to Ridinid Overton 
[q. T-l, in wliicli hderodox dticlrini" yvvrv 
ptftpnuniW coni-nminp thn inimcirtftiily of 
til'' »mil. 

S!i"rily lii'foti- 1«G5 hr formed thff nc- 
ignntiitiinep of Ificliurd Bnitcr [q. v.], who 
diui'nWd liim as ' an ancient innn. who pro- 
fe-Mi"l t'> he a »eekpr, bill was pillicr a 
ji'JtglifK ptipipl or nn infldel, mon; nrohHbly 
th» latli-r.' He wmtc ' n "r-nrnfiil hook 
niraintt tlir minitirj,' cjilWI '.Tun Diviiiiim 
I'pRnhTtDiii.' B Ifi-nlitn which i» not exlnnt. 
Uaslcr added Ihot in ccmvenintion with him 
Writor iiraed that ' no man i« bound to bc- 
Uere in CliriMl who di'tli iip!>l ww conlirniinn 
miraclet iritb Iiik uwu eyea.' thus anticipat- 
ing nuBi'-'ii gT>-nt (ireiitiient. Baxter rvplied 
to WrilT in tilt ■ \'nr<-n»rtnfthlenK«s of In- 
fidi'Iity'n.ondnn. Ii5fi.\ Svot. In IW? np- 
peorixi 'Fidnt Divinn; the Ground ofTrno 



Faitb aw^ried' (London, 810), whidi w pro- 
bably hj Writ4T, allbfiaph he rtftuofd to 
ucknowlcdfrn to Baxlnr that he irs> tho 
author. In thit trvatiiK) heuTirni theieiutli- 
dpncy of thejcriplumi u a rnlu of faith oa 
account of their liability to error in tran- 
script ion and tiuuktion, and 00 account of 
tho diRijrmciM of opinion r(>*mclin^ tlie \a- 

I 'ration of c«rl«inorihem. TUittir resumed 
! c<mtTor*r«y in ' A fWond Sh.-et for ilw 
SI iniatry," nod in IBoS Writir rejoined with 
'An ApoloiTPtical Narration; orn juKand 
nere<eary ^'indication of Clement Writer 
afrninnl a Four-fold Cha>ip lud on him br 
Kiriinrd lt«it«r' (I.ondon, Ata). TIm dai« 
of Writ*r'» dpnth i» not Imowti. 

(Autliasitjaa oitad in l«U: Writer's Worit* : 
lUUqnh* BntnlaBW. 1095. i. IID; Mawu'a 
Utk ofMilioii. 1873. iii. 1M.I4B. l8a.963.«ST-1 

£.10 

WROE. JOHN ri7ai-1868). fa'nalic, 
foundrr «f '(Thriititin Iiiraelit<«,' elilMt MMi 
of Jowph Itoe, wKi bnm nt Itowlinft, |«tiA 
of Itradford. Vorluhirr, on IB S«mt. 1783 
(baptised on >* Drc.) Ilia nsEDO i> utiniatd 
Jouunm Rom by Samuel Waller and Ucory 
l^ee^his fntlowers. IliNfatberwAaa farmer, 
irnr«t*>d innnnfnctiirer. snd oollier. At a lad 
hn wn* neiilier mbunT In mimi nnr in bodr> 
nnd grew nn irithoul tAtmin< to rwod. lis 
comphiiniior iliiinayL aftrrciirTyinjt'airin* 
duw aIouc- Ii.> the Hccoud floor,' be irmt lunvr 
Btraight a^in. H« wan with liii fnlhcr in 
baftitiei^ (fpllini' the drod^rv and cheatnl 
of the profits till flt len^h (aWnl I^IU) he 
wl lip for himnplf in the farmiR^ and nool- 
rombinn bll».inptB,m(i crying, five yenn lalT, 
■ daugfatvrof Bonjnmin Acplohy.of Fnmley 
Mills, near Ix-cdn (ih? died on 16 Mar 1W>3, 
a^i-d 74). Srinploins of mania Bpp>-nml in 
thewinlerof lSll(-17,wIifluheharhoiin>dftir 
atin>eth«Tf«>)lveio*hoot faiv brother Jov^h, 
who had oT*TT>(ncheit him. tntbe eeond half 
of 1S19 111" wfl« tlriick down by fever, Wiai; 
nl tho (ntno limn miicb hnmued by deb). 
On hii rt'ooverv ho took to hi bin- read in |r in 
the fields, and bei^n to nwTinions, followed 
by lemjKirary bhiidiu<iui nnd a condition of 
tmnee (the first dated visi.in is l3 Nor. 
161ft). They wer* m'rilwn down by neicfa- 
boiir* (Ahrnhnni Holmes tvinjf ih« Ant 
ncribi-l, nnd wrm conaidrivd prophKin Hii 
v,-irr hnd his bend Bhaved (1 Feb. Ie90>.)nit1 
the vi«ioni> went on. He bFffn.n to altmdl 
meeting of th<? fnllowcni of Jcnnna SoutJt«| 
cott [q. V.]. then led by Gcoi^te Ttimer of J 
Leeds (d. Septi-Dibtr If-'SII, ilis Bn^-^liaT 
'gnida' told him to visit the Jew«, Ha 
wallcvd to Liverpool for that purpn^. asd 
on rliB snmn rnnnd t.raTi>lIcd to IxHidon, 
where be deliterrd (.10 Aug. 1^^) a • tn^ 




\\'roe 



159 



Wroe 



8Sf«' lo ihfi niitwn. In Sept*nibpr 1832 
bo fint dftimnd tho •nccOMinn to Tiirndr'a 
1— dewhip; bvsiAnyinnaibpniorthp Siratli- 
(oUiui aocietiM bii claim wn* nIIiiwciL On 
H Di-c, 18S^, }««TiEiK liii wife mud llirei.' 
clul(lr«i>i lie tturWd on liia prujiLvtic yen- 
Kriattions to >tie SoulLoolTisu Miduiit-*, (h« 
Jeir*,«it'l ' flU nalioiM.' Hi* niitWily for 
BtaM^n^ 'tbo ovvrlwling K'vppI nf ilie rii- 
dcmptjon nf aoiil and bndr' van aiippowd to 
bu BltMtQd b^ nctii of hi^slinti. ■>■ k<-'U >* by 
pro|^(<«liculiuD. lliH tnivt'l*, lut rtportMl iii 
tbr fnuniriitBry nolifefof Iii* followers. itri; 
nol wttliout i[i[««i4t ; Jii \^'£\ )i« TiHit^d 
Gibnilnr, .Sl'tin, Frnncn, (icrmnny. nml 
Italr; in lr'-j7 hn raitdi< iii* way to Src!ttaii<l, 
in I*:;*' to W«l«. liiR pr*ii!inritip» dew- 
lofed m bo wrnt an. In Mapch 16"JS Uc 
ducardcd ibc n&mM of tht? rouultiB, uuu|t 
(he qu>k«r numbering. He l«t liii beurd 
BTOW. Oti 'M Aug. IfiiiH, and H({iiin on 
3!» f-Vb. If^^, b« "«s iiiibliely bnpriewJ in 
running rivi'tc. On 1 1 April 1'424 Iip vn* 

tiiibliclf citcuiDciiHxl at n mri'imfc of bo- 
■even, and pracJnimKd Ibn foci next dny to 
B luge ooimrextktioQ in a Qeld ut A*liton- 
iiiiiler-Ljii«> Hi* fuUoireni ndo|il«] tlir riti^. 
FaroinuMciAing Daniel Orinisbuw, uu infant 
trImilMdaf UieopeMiion iSepicoiWr lx:^4), 
Ilonrr ]jv4i of Aihtoa nns trini for mnn- 
fiAiigbtrr at l,ancMliir (Uareh 1^'>), but 
•rquitted. On «eTiTal Mwaxionn Wroe di*- 
(ipprnvt) for days toji^-tiivr, DubHiBliiij; oiicv 
fM'fmiHM.'n dajs (SeiMrmber 1^:11) un litdp* 
fhiil and ifTOwiiii;: ooru. ITe divided his 
pmpip into twelvv lnb«e; liis son IWniHiniii 
wan 10 laad ona of thnm, and on itniijniiiin'* 
dufttli bo tnctfnrrod the nnmn [iimjamin to 
ODMbvr aon. Mnnc^ wa* forlhoc'iuing in 
aupporl of Wrtie'ii iirttenaiona. In |P23 hi> 
f»lk>w*en! eiuploved a nMtn nt Cliarlmluwn, 
Aeli1«ii, atk n ' Hancluarr.' Ou 26 Vm. IBJu 
a wcll-biiili and costly 'sanctuary' was 
npeiiHl in (.'hiitrb ^trwt, Aiihlon. ()n this 
OMCtion John KlatiloT «p«nt D,500/. : a lin<r 
oniui wa« aubMquentlir addi-d ( the bulldine 
i* now a thenlro). TIip noiictxinrT had on 
' unclean' pi^w.Biid beiiearh tbr pulpilirm u 
'eleanHiug' room. At t-ach of ibe curdiual 
point* ia tka outaltiru of lliv low-n a Aqiinri- 
l>ui!dinf[wMMVC1«d,inarhiogl1i«' ffiiir'irniM' 
of tlir fntiirn Inraplo nivn, of wbicli ihn 
'Maetuarr'wiu to {arm Ihn ccntiv. (hie of 
(boa |in whicb Wtw'* 'trial' wn* held) i> 
now ■ publtfr-houBe, known oa 'The Odd 
Whim.' 

WUile liviiif at Park Bridge, near A^bton, 
It eharitc of criminal intercourto with Martha 
Wliitlcy, hi* npjinintiOT, a cbdd of tweli^ 
wna brought affninat Wro^ on IX Dntv IffST, 
but not «iietainad. During bin abwnoo ot 



Brintnl, in Octobt-r XfSO, rhRrj;i-s of minor 
tniiconduet were laiil iifraiiurt him br Usrir 
Qusncu. Sarah I'llc, anj Ann Hall, all of 
whom bad U-eii in bin wTTice. An iiiVMti- 
pition wan hftld ('Ji and 2G Oct.) at Aahton 
ty a cnmmilcei^ of bi» friend?, TTit! |iroce«d- 
inn*, wliioh wem unruly, en'Ie'l iD nn nc- 
quitlal, after two of tbti 'jury' bad btvn 
removed and r«plnwd by olhwn ; one of 
tiiete two wiu Jome* Klimald Smith [q.r.] 
' A Trrv connidcmble part ' of bin foliawinn, 
moludiri^ llmt^ Lerti, onw ti-ft faim, and 
' cut off thvir bvanlo.' Wroe l#ft for lltid- 
d«rM1«)d, bnt made iwa atltwpts (F^bmaiy 
and April l^tlltorctnmlo AfhtO[i,enii>ift)7 
Mrioii* tifltn. Other immomlitirii wenv laid 
to liii cbnrRc, biit cnnnot be uiid to havo 
been proved. He wa« freniientl^r nccMWd 
by ihuse who left, bia fold of aharp prMttice, 
which tlie^ called iwindlin^. 

From this dul* the ' IwaelitM," or ' Chri»- 
tinn UracliU';',' s» tb*y callocl tbemsi'lveii, 
Wraeiles, a* ihtiir opponent ■ design ui^d 
them, formed a trci apart from thii main 
follower* of Joanna Simthott. Iii* ad- 
herents at Aahlou-uridct^LvDc. DEn<inf[wbom 
wetv many tv-|>e(-lali|i7 nh'tplieejHrrB, were 
popularly known us " JonauM for fori j- veara 
tatrri their long bcnrda, nnd thuJr batrtt of 
nrearing their tall lirond-brimmrd ftilt balM, 
a* they wrved thrir ctuitomera, rendprod 
tbem connpieuoui; tbejr aliopt wctre cloivd 
rmm I'ViiluTui six to Saturday at hi. Opc-rge 
FredtTtok Mutilt [q, r.', when risiting Man> 
eh>>s>»r, wti* faluted u a 'Joanna ' uu a«- 
ooiinl of his bt^nrd. The women fidlowris 
hud many peruliarittRa of drew, and tli« 
diiTteiic regiilationa of the rotntniinity worn 
■trictly «inform<-d to llobrev i"^'- Half* 
membeiv, being uucircumi^isi'd and not weap> 
ing Ibe iHwrd, were ret-ogiiised n> ' Iiretbron ' 
on 'nigninff to obey ibe two tirst boolm of 
tbo Law*. 0b«di9iic« waa enforced by a 
KVttrm of nonaacaK. 

Driven miBi Aiihton in IMl, Wro" coiv- 
tinurd to travel in senrph of ditciplei, bia 
hendijuarlere being at Wri-nthorpo, nwir 
Wuhefi,rld, where he bad a prinlinff preM 
from Ifl.'U, (wrrbsfiB earlier, lu le4l' liia 
hoii«i< wfu broken into by burglars. On the 
fnlan cvidr.ncR of \Vro0 and his fiiiiiilv, throe 
iniioeent pnrmn* wpre tranaported; thej 
wrri' pplcmed five yeiini later on tli«i di*- 
corery of the real riilprit*. In the nntilisn 
of \f^i!i be liniled Auntmlia and Nrir 7iea^ 
land, and again iu I80U, returning in Juui! 
18-M. tli» followeiD were known in Aui>> 
iralin as 'baardim.' He had maiiv foUowel« 
in AmoricB. which h« vitited lour tirnea. 
AAer rnieUing a* btifom in many pnrts of 
£ngtuid, lie again viiiled Australia, rvlnm- 



L 




itif to GngUod in 18>M. lo 1S56 ho- di- ' iii&rksbli* <!«d« of ili»cipliti(<) lii» uit' 



Nctod bia followrn to wnar a ^IJ fing. 
The rinjc* (uppltril by \^'m« wir* pniil for 
on ft^M, but tunuKl out to bu buw mural. 
Wn Mrlbuurne fdllowcn fuund moni!}' for 
buililiii^ bim B«|ilirndld usausiuo, Mi'tbuuma 
lloiuo.iiiiar Wftk«fl0l(l, dedicated witii f^'nt 



bbliedV 



Aiv bill fntiutils inai|iiditif« «rilli 
tWfui^, havinj iXTitb** tbe (Mibntic canuat- 
niua of Joanoa ^^outhcoU nor the ftuiIa 
oriaiiwlilT of h*r otber unprorer, Jofaa 
VVnrd (I'Tdl 1«J7) fq. r.] The tppeiMUd 
uu[(», cbuminp ' fulflliDeDU' of Wro^n pKK 



oomnionv in jirt3wnioa of <Iel«^te8 f^Di nil pb(«icit,Hre«hililisb. An;F*P^*UlT*''*'^* 
mttik Elf the wcirld, nt *iinnii», on Whit- ing to Wroe'c doctrine kriwK from ihr piv- 
nundnv, I'*&7. Ilf^wu nffnlii in Aiutrnlla unceof BmyxlicimakintotlutlofOailUuini! 
in luab. On a UdoI vayiuce (|i?^) tn Au»- I'mUiI (IfiOS-lSSl), irlucb dunoiula b femi- 
tnli&, Le dtslu<Mited his ihoutdpr. Jledtsd i rIbo Meaiah to oonpleto tlii' rv^uiMl««of 
suddvnlj on I> P'ub. 1863 *t Colli iigwood, I talvatiun. The tefeiMiCM to topica of tex 
M^lbourne^ He had proiihwied 1863 u die [ uiv fn-ijuvnl, but noC impowt it m Mid, hut 
b<^nning of ihn iiiiir4nniiim ; hi« fbllow#ra ' tbti atac^menl maj b« r*caiv«d with cantion, 
»xff.clBd bin rctametion. No ^rtrnit of that lb«re ia a siCMt miaunl of ibi- reel, 
him cxiit«. pictorial art brinff rvfROlnd oa n | 'thaprivalo mvnlatiaii fprpu to Joba Wrwt' 
briMcfa of tiiu decnlugut^. J. E- Smith rviara (FiRLDK.t), ot&muTwIjr indiewnt in its lan- 
to his *MV&^ look HDiI bump back;' Chad- ' gat^gt; it* lubject u undi-nlood to b* ono 
wick mentiona hia ' very pnuuiBent noadi ;' which is tomnioa to all tr««li»-« <it nnrol 
Otfaitni note hia lui^nrd viaa^e, sha^g^ hair, tb(>olof;7*. Tlie iDode of adminthti'rinn tb" 
one! brnnd-hnoimnH tx-nTcr. |«naiice by atrlpw^ >■ rclatod by Ficldon, 

VVru<''ii 'diiiiii' DORiinuaioatiaiu,' na ro- gronaly indolicalc; buttbera ianot atittle 
cofded by bin Bfnbeii and piibli>b«i by lli<( cvidnnco of immoral teaching. Hia com- 



'UaMeeaof tb>! people calli^i litTHi'liiPs.'iiiaT 
b« found in 1. 'Ad Abridp[n(<rit nf Juliii 
Wme's l.ifo and Tfnvla,' 4th odil. firnvn*- 
«id, 1851, Svo (the intrimiplnt*! fir*t fniit. 
WakeMd. 1831,!*vo,ho!iiitl<!'Uiviiiii Com- 
mnnicationa ') ; vol. ii. 4lh tslil. (IravMi^nd, 
18St ; vul. iii. Ut edit. Qraviwend, 1^0.), 
8vo; [U«re ia also the flr*tv.>Iiinn'i>f a fuller 
collection, ' Tbe I-ifn nnd .loiirnnt n{ John 
Wron,' (fmviuiiind, 1S59, 8to ; a icpond vo- 
lume, (irnvpufind. lt<8l,Svo, is merely n filVli 
edilion uf ' .A.brid)^rnt.' vo). ii. '2, ' Tb« 
Word of Hod lo guidi- lerftel . . . ODlnin- 
iii)C lb" AfY-Tnnoii Srrvice,' Waknlicld, IS34, 
8¥o (finifbiid ^OAiiril). 3. 'Tbu l,aw« and 
OoromandmcMiis of Uod,' Waki-fipld, 1S3&, 
Pvo. -1. 'Twulvp SifHipi forlliiine Wombip," 
Wakefield [lH31].»«vo (phiyily from iho Song 
of Solfmon); inchidiTd in 'Son(r of Mosmi 
and the Lamb,' lirnvi-wnd. 181)3. I2mo 
(uvitbI t'arlirr ediliong uf Tbi« bymu-book, 
which aptienrs to b? of mixml aiitborsbiii). 
B. 'Thn Faith of Iwnid," WukoHold, 181.1, 
J2mo. 8. 'Tho Laws of Cod,* Wakefii-ld, 
1843, I2mo. Two witt of reports of Wroe's 
aermoiia an in 7. ' .\ Gnid« to th«< Pi>upk' 
eurnamed It^rnel >!•'",' Iloaton, MaaoncbiiaetlK, 
18*7, limn, nnd r*. 'A Ouidn to the Ppople 
mimamKi lirHi'liii'_»,'0™vtwnd, ISM. 8vo. 
8e« abo 'An Abridj^munl of John Wnv'a 
RpvnIfltioiM.'.'ird-.'dit. Boaton.Maiwuchiistitla, 



n- 

no 



m unity still i-iiais m diminished number. 

f Wro*'* puhliMiiona. abore ; E. Battorwortb'a 
Hiht.of A»ntOii-iinibTr-I.ju^ IHti P. 63; Ihfii'a 
Tbi Wcorilo' FsitJl, lltdQ^ KtrltWa ElUMt- 
tlon of (ho Fallaeiai of Chrialian InMtito 
[18ni»); Lattn- to-LrM()*Tiina«'0DiheCha> 
nicl,<r of J. Wra*, 18A8: NolM and Q»*tiak. 
18 Juui! isei. p. 498; Sntlh'aTbvCominE Han. 
137S,i.IGS: Uuing^Duld'a Yorkahirg Oddities, 
IHT4.i.:J3: GlavarniidAniirvvs'iHiit.orAsh- 
lon-undnr l.ynn, I3H4. p. SOS (iMif^nirinit aflha 
wincliiiiry) i W. Aiidi-r>un Simlh's KlitpheH 
Smilb, tSuS. p. 44: V '""'*'<'''''' llcnitaisceneca 
of SuUbridnp. in "St^lyliridgp Ilrnld.' 1897. 
Hoa. xiii-ni ; nilract from BrJiiford piuiah re- 
lt><i>r. pi>r Mr. A. It. Savril; infiarmalion tnca 
the Hot. W. Bpfjley.] A. O. 

WROE, ItlCllAltl) (I0il-i;i7>. war- 
den of -Mniu-'heitcr clmrcli, »on of Richard 
Wroe of lU-atun yala or Ilmton Gate in 
the parish of l*rMtwicb, Laoca&hirv, vraa 
bom flt ItndRlifr'), l.nnciiahir^, on 21 Aug. 
IIVll, nnd nlucnli'd nt the Duiy graminar 
Kobool nnd at Jeaua tJ!ollHge, C^nmbridge, 
wbii'U he rotertd in Junti 106!^. Ho sra- 
diiatod B.A. i» 1061, M.A. in l(M.'>, B.U. lai 
\S7-2, niid D.IX in ltS8«; nnd was iiwofJ 

fnratcd M..V. of Uxfnrd [IniTrrsity in Han 
069. Through tlw inllu---nce of l.ord Dela-I 
iD(-re (alYerwarda Earl of Warrinf^on) b»' 
oblnined in li!7^ a royal mandati; for Ui* 



1849, 8voj ' Ivxtrftcid of I.M.t^ira,' Wnkn^eld I n<>xt pnwnntation to n Mlowaliip of the col- 
[Itml ll'mo (from Aiiatrnlinn brUnvcra), | lrf(c at Mnnchusler. llo wna adinittod in 
and ■ Extracra of Lnitrn ... of tho Israriito Fobninry 1074-5. Hia no^tt promoltou waa 



Prsfte.bon,' lfc,'2-!l, iL'mo (uiRht piimphlL-tB). 

Th«re tnnst have bnt'ti nornf Jtranjfp funcl- 

aalion about tho luau, fur (apart from hia tv- 



lo a prebendal atall in Ch(>si,pr Cathedral iii 
March 1Q77-8. He had previoualy been 
appointed domcitic chaplain lo Dr. . 



I'fHrfxi (l«lM-llVsi«) fq. v.], his dioceMn, 
ii'li» in 1A7VI appoinli'i! liim ciirBie rif Wigan 
<;burch, and in April lt)8l prv'scnlrd him to 
the- fextarv n1 Bowdoi), ('iiejliirp. Tlii» he 
migBi'd iii Mnrdi tt;'<S)-l>0. (In I .May 1684 
bii wM installed nanlirn of Mnnclx-ilor Col> 
legV, aiwl in lliu mmr v^r iH-cnrnv vicar of 
Oanluigi L«nc^aeliiiv, wliicli IjeiK.-liot- Lv re- 
figiwd in I6!H( on lieing pr<'«>Tileil ro lb* 
IWIOfy of Wert Kirby, CbMliin-. Wiltinm 
llulnw [<|. T.' nppoint<'<l him onn of tlii-linl 
trtut«a of rlic Hnlini-'an bptn-'fo^ticm*. A* 
mral (iMn of Marifhrsit-r lie ti-ndi-ntl srrai 
BMUUnm to Uisliop Giuirell in the conipiln- 
tion of i»» ' XotiliH CeHriviiftiFi.' Hi- was a 
ciudenC of nstiinil pbiIo*fipliy nn'l a corre- 
«pond<mi nf FlamsliM'd (Kiiitt'ii, (Arrrnp. of 
Seinttifir. Mm, IRil, ii. I3«, IWl. During 
tbc loiigr |H.T)(>d rif hl.i warcli-iiiibip \vf bnd 
gmt indai-itcc in \\\c town, iliiu ta liis kiRli 
|tprtuiial i'huni(.'ltr. FitruPiC pii-ty. ailtl piT- 
MiMMveelot^ui-iKV. Thi?HDiuiiitJmiuiiilf{'lit.'ilir 
of hi* pnlpit iliwoiirB"' ■.■anu-il bin) Ilm tillw 
of 'lilvpr-Icingintil Wroo.' A'li wiliig he wn* 
HnwtvlTd-'Tol-nl to tlip Hannicriiin ilynnkty 
(ef. lIjHHKlrl' W'-IKK, FouHdiiliuni in Man- 
fl/T'ler, ii. M ct jli]. 1 A niiraliev of bin 
lellfnonpubnt^andpt'nirmaliilfainiuldiVHsMl 
to Roger and Ovurgv Kr'nvon. ltlt)l-171:(, 
arp pmerveil in rim Konv-'ii munii«L'ripu 

iJfiit. .1/S.S. Comin. lltii H-p. App. IT. 
1W.M). Hi? was llicniitluirof fl>v •epamlely 
publitlKd «?rnion». 

Wrw died at Mnndii-iIrTon I Jiui. 1717- 
171^. anil mim burii>d in tliv cliincH of Ihit 
collvKiatv cliiiivli. Hill purirnii is m the 
poshMuiiiti 'if I^rtl Kifitvuu, A few eopiea 
*>f an rtflnvl portrait by Geikii* wen* pub- 
li<bi>d al Uaiicbculi-r nliiwt l^H, iitid a 
^riiodciit nppi'ar* in thn ■ I'liktini- Niiii>- 
birHik.' llKtSJ. 

IU> wulbrice married; tir»f,to Klmnbrtb 
{■■iiruaHie unlinowii). who died in liMI; 
f«coiKl, in lti93, to Aim Ka'Iclirli'. wbn dit'J 
in ibn following .lannary; third. 'in ■'( Murch 
lOBT J*. ti> Doroiliy, danghtiTof Umrtir Kuo- 
VoQ of I'rcl, MA'. ]<)- 111* l:i>I wifn liii had 
four cbildren, tlirno of whom pmiicKr-Biind 
liim: the youDmt.Thuntai, borurapa C-llow 
of Msacli«at«r College. 

[Palolina Noli>bu»li, ISSt. li, I. a.ii<l aulbo- 
rilH* tlmrg cilixl ; i)i. ii. J3, iii. Si. \\: A(j. Hi, 
Baincai Wardens of Mi»nfhi»ii^r (Cliollisim 
Sm.'Ii it. Hi; Worlhingtoii'a I)mri- (Cliilhiini 

Sof.). ii. a-ts, ire. ses; Ki-hw-irk* Hi»t. of 

Omtane (ClieUiani Saf.X. ii. 18:;; Fithwick'n 
iMnoMlun LibmT7. p. -4111.] C- \V. S. 

WEOTH. Luir MARY f /t. 102] ), author 
nf 'L'ninia,' born about lArM>, WAa eldest 
Juviifbiet of Itobcrt SiJopv, tint earl of 

>oL. L\tn. 




L«icF«ter [n. v.], by Lis Grat vjfe, Itarbara, 
ihtiLjfbter (if John damage- Thn gnial Sir 
I'bilip ^idnoy wan her fathirr* bmtbcr. On 
:;r Sept. UiO'4 Liiiiy .Mury married, nt I'mii- 
hunt, Sir lEobiTt \Vrotli, cldi-it ton of Sir 
Robert Wroth |i|. v.] The bridegroom was 
about tun yenra bis wife's stiiior. lie bad 
bwn ktii^btei) by Kiri^' Jainm a vear befnro 
ibn tnurnagi:-. Vn v7 Jan. ltii)i-((, on liisj 
father'* dcalh, ho •rioo'Midi'd W Ini^ pniponyl 
in Hunx, including lionghtnn llnii«i?and tli*/ 
I'jtaie iif Dnrnuits in the pariah of KiiliL'1d<| 
iio wiiJ n keen jporlsman, and tho king oc-^ 
caBionally visited hlin ul Ihirranls for hunt- 
ing. In 1013 Sir Robert was oliOK-n i.b«*riff 
.if RsMCT. In Ffhriiary 1«I3-U l.ady Mary 
borf him an only child, a »on (Jnmi'i), an4 
on U Marph fnllowina Kir Itobpri died at 
l.onghton liouiie. He was buried two duj» 
liiU'r in the church nl Knficld. iliswdl wait 
prured on 3 June ll)I4. 

Lady Mary tvu* often al court after ber 
marriage. On T« "Ifib-nigbt 1604-6 «ho 
RCl>>i] nt Wliilobnil in lien Jnnson'* 'Manquv 
of illnckneiH.' She onmc to know Jonanit 
end the phirf poef* of the day. and was HMm ■ 
ree()it"i»ed nt one of the most sytupathetia-l 

Sutri>neii>L-s of cunteinpurHry liti^rntiire. Ilea 
unM.xi deiJii-ated 10 her, aa ' thi* ludy iiioal 
' iJeservinn her iianie and blooil,' hia iiToy of 
I the ' Alchf iniM,' ItilO. lln alto addr^'avd 
tohpraaonont in bl* 'l.'nderwoQ<l*'(No.4B) 
and two epigrams (103 and 105). A Hinneti 
addrr-ued to bur by Chapman prefai-ed lii«! 
Iranilatluii of Homer's 'Iliad' 1 1U14). 
Ocorge Wither in 101.1 adJ«w>>d an epi- 
graui lo Ibe I.ady Mary Wroth, npo- 
Htropbiaing h»r aa 'Arts Swpct I.oui>r' 
(.-lAujtni ^fn/if, Piiigratn ID), In thn untna 
vpnr (Ifil."!) William (iainuj;e, in ' l.insi- 
Wooltie r or Two Centuries of Episratnmes,* 
intcribi^d on epigram 'To the must Uiuions 
and Iieroilie Ludy Mury Wrutb' (Dbidoes, 
I'rimur'i hittiiina, ». 34SI). 

On her hu»baiid'a ileath in 1C14 I^dy 
Wroth, ncconling to cnurt giwaip, wa« Wt 
with a jointnri> of I,WO/. a vrar, an infant 
aon, and an i-jtnie 2.1,000^. in cl«bt (Cflf. State 
Papfii, Dom. 1011 It*, pp. ■^■U. L'L'7-B). 
She lived chiefly at Lough ton, and IJitre her 
only child. Jauies, died on 6 July I'ilO. In 
April lOm ahe aluyd with \»r father aC . 
Buyiiard'a Caatle in London. Xcrt monib I 
aheflgnred in t hn pror^iuion at CJuei-ii .\nnn'a 
funeral, and thn rumour spnutd that shcwu« 
about to marry the! young Karl of (l.xlbrd 
(Nli'iiojA, I'rogrettpt iif janxf I, iii. u4T). 
Margaret, widow of ^irJnhn Hawkins lUa 
admiral, lefl to Lady Mary by will, datall 
^3 Aj>ril lUlfi, 'a k'H bowl, price CweDtf- 



Wroth 



i6> 



Wroth 



Sii2). On 31 JUI7 1031 tlu- king made lin- 
a «ifl of (lt*r. 

S:r Rob«'rt mbmI ttirae trut«M to sd- 
minimor Iii» pn>p<<rtf, mc)) ntiiwd Joha 
'VV'rMh (onn Win^ hin undn, a nKomd bdn^ 
hit lirnticr,and a third, of I»ndiin,beinffbu 
eoiuin) : but Ijvly Mtry appcani to nave 
ntumged ber own afEiin Bfti-r Sir I'l^bcrt'* 
d«ftlh, with dbasiraiu naull. 8tie w*>> in- 
TOtved in mn cndleM wfum of peciiniAnr 
cmbursMnwiiU^ In IdSflriiaobUiiwd fniaa 
the king tB ordar pKtMting h«r frmn credi- 
ton for ona nar. Thi* wiu eolutsntlir re- 
iMwad. Shp wrnte to «!crot«ry Conirar on 
3 Jan. ims-t iliai t\m had paid Imlr Lot 
debUi and bojted to pay all in a. year; liat 
aba WM too «anirnin«, and hIw waa »till in 
need of 'pTviIwrlion' in 1038 (C«/. Slate 
Papm, Dnm. pnaiiml. 

Mfnnwhilf Ijvdy Slnir bail aoufrbt a mon! 
mti'i-ntin^ road it> rcpiiiaiion. On 13 July 
Itbll lliFti' was tiMiw'd fi>r publicatiuD a 
foliu vuluuip from bi<r ^11 (Arkeb, ^fa- 
tmm-n' Oitnpanj/ ltfyUUr,\\,i7). Utrwork 
bove til" rilV; -Tliv CoiinlMnn of Mnunt- 
■nnDnrii-'B (Iranin. Writtfn by tlio riRht 
llonoiirnblc ilip Ijidy Mary Wrcntli, datigh- 
Icrtri Elie riubt Nuljti- ItoWl Karl of Lei- 
ccwIiT, And N'WP)- to t\w pvM famous and 
rvnuwiii'd Sic Pliillip'i Sidany, Kniffht, And 
to ye tatM ^X^U'i Ijtdy Mnry C^untcHu) 
of P^nihrokclatn d<>ci>n»pd (lx)nd!in. printed 
foiT Job' Mnrrintt and John Urismand).' 
An nlabomlp frontjnpiw* was CTijfravwI bv 
Simon l'iu>, and boni the dal« 1U31. Tba 
book u-a< caltiil 'TIm Cttiuite«4 of Monl- 
pMnurjr'a Urania' in cotnplimnnt to thn 
aSlhor'a frii-nd and Tiiri^bbniir at Enliold, 
Sitfannn, wifo of Philip Hcrbrrt, vail of 
JIoiit(toiiitTV. Lndy Marj^'i 'Urania' is n 
dcHcimiirilioii.inf iurbo«S»,ofl!ie' Arcailia' 
of bi-r uni'le, Sir Philip Sidnp»v. It i» a ftin- 
taatip #lory of princrm and princr-Kws di*- 
giiiiu^ nn iihpj)h«rdii and »heplipni™ie>. Tlio 
wmK it laid in tirctir-?. Tbc tedioui narra- 
livu is in pn>4(', which is i^ximordiTiarily 
loiip-irindetl and awfaward, bnt tli«rt' art oc- 
caaional vpkw oclofiue* and tang*- At r.hn 
eloan of thn vi>1utiic i* a (nporatp collection 
of pooni*, includinK lomo hundred lonnuta 
■nil twenty aonKn. Thv iipperidi'dL'')1leclion 
bvant.!iegi>nenii tilltt'Painphitia to Anipbi- 
lantbua.' One aeciion ia headml ' A Crowns 
of Sonnnia dadimtod lo Lo«>,' In Ihotn 
^m-mi I^aclv Mnry fifliiTM to itttmiIit ndvnn- 
taf(i?. and Jiapon'n Kume lyric fai'ulty and 
lIuMiey. Tito uf her poeina are teprinied in 
^Ir. nalten'a'I.yrii'saDd liomancea' (IdOO). 

Thi> book fa>nin4 to hava bail n Mitiric 
ifttrnlMB, and to hava ndUcti^d on tlie 
smoTous adnntuN* of acme of James I** 



MMTticn. On 15 Dee. 1631 tjtiv Uuy 1 
to Iluekinjibam, aisuriog bim tt«t ibo 1 
in tcwM W book to olfend ant ooi?. and 1 1: _ 
she had Btom«d ibe aale of it ( Hut. MSi 
Oomm. ?nd li'p. p. «0). On fl Marcb It 
Chnmbrlain wmie to bu fri^inil Carteto 
MicloHng 'ctrrtain biitrrr rrrvs of ihr Lnr 
Dnitny npon the l^jy Manr Wroth, for tha 
in licT book of " UnnU " abe doth palpobl; 
and DtMalypUr upon bini and bb late daa 
ter.ilie L^dy Slary Day, hesidea manr otL.. 
•be main* bold nitb ; ami. (bey aay, take 
gn»% libarty, or ratbtrr liovnM, to tradiu*'^ 
whom lim plciaan. and ihinln *ha danm* in 
a na.' Cbamborlflin adds that ho had teen 
an anavrcr by Lady Mary lo th«j<! thyinra, 
but *tbou);htit not worth lh« nriting out* 
{Court anJ Than t/ Jatnes I, ii. SDS^H 
Cat. Statf Ftiperi, Pom. 1610-33, [>. .'(SO: C^| 
ni't- .VSS. hmm. Std lUp. PL 179, Ital- 
fii^Id M.S.S.) 

Lady .Mnry atirrtriHl theae inddmta for 
mciutlian twi^uty yt^un. On 1 The. IMOSir 
John Lwkv nrvTo lo Kr Edmund Va 
' I reeeivod a ii>oM couruoiu and kind] 
fmm my old ntinlrM*, the I^dy Mary ' 
. . , sSn wrotf roc word that hy my ' 
of Pcmbrakn'* ^al midiatiaa tbi- Ving hati 
Kivcii bor ton a bravv living in It«iand 
( Ilitt. .V.Vi. Omiri. Ttb l<ep. i>. -ISG). SI 
had no Hunirinf ton by Sir lEolxit Wtoti 
and rpferpnce wan made either to a aon 
atcond hiubnnd. cirmoraprohnhlj — forth'e 
i* no proof thn) aha married sgain — to 
godaon, who hai not been !di-nti(i«l. 

fQantir'* Chorni Vntam Anflicasonnn. 
Addll. as. ■•**52 -. Vinuii-Mu of Pmmx (HarL 
Soo.), ^ 3i} : Colliiik'* Hyiln*y tSp""* >• >*•. 
ii. 8UJ, 3i3(«'lirr»LDdTMaiy b vronclynedito) 
with ■ HPDn<I (on^; 'Xorant's E«*x, i. 163; 
Robtntoni Enfield; NtitM and Qapr>«, 7tb 
anri Rill len. (wiHini.l 8. L. 

WROTH, tsm llOBKHT {IM0P-1606>, 
mt-'mlKr of parliarooni, boni in Middlaaax 
about liSW, wad eldcat aon of Sir Thomas 
Wroth (1610-18:3) fq. v.] by bit wif.. Maty, 
daii^btqr of nirbiird, lord 'itidi. IIi- waa 
admitlnd a ponnionrr nf St. Jnhn'a College^ 
C^mbrridgi', on 31 April IS-'iS, bnt, owing to 
the religioua changca coiWMnicnt an tli« ae* 
cession of Queen Muy.he left the unircraity 
wiihniit a decree soon after hia ndwUaioii. 
Accompanying his fath«r in hia exile, be n>- 
turnod to Knglnnd tnon aflpr thn ac 
of Eliiobeth. Up nfttiTwarda onliT'^r 
life, (ind the n»t of hi* CBie*rwn» nm-fnl'ly ( 
voted to politii'!! and ibe admini>ti«tion < 
large estate. Il«wa«e]ecIedforihcErst 1 _ 
to pariiaoifin! ff>rSl. Albans on II Jan. 1G63- 
|."o3;iiewm rriumcdforTrereoa On 3 April 
1671 ] ho took hi* acat a* manibQr for ififl 





Wroth 



163 



Wroth 



naporlant cAnMilueney of MidiUpticx oa 
8 M»y 1673, nndwn* O'-clMti-d lo four IiiWr 
parlianipnl* (33 Nov. li*j. 1 Feb. IJKS-O, 
( Lkt. lUUl. sn') 9 Morali m09'4). 

Mi^anvrliitfl liu rsllivr's <leoch 00 9 Oct. 
1573 lutA pla««<l (lini iii pomntnion of itzge 
cifflatiH in Miildli-wx, linrtfordthirp, Ei-Li.v, 
and SomcMPi, but [id livi-d chiiHy nt Lnugli- 
Inn Hull, Emox, which be u^quiroJ tliruui^li 
bii vrifi', and dcTotcd m'lcli tim« lo tbc 
■&in of ihu manty of Emvx. Hi was 
liigfaBberlffin 1^*. 'He wm appi^mtnl to 
tMCMnnwiidoftirohnDiJrmJiinlniinRdiiieii, 
fortT hArquAbunet*!, and fort; miuikelflan 
of IvKMX in tho arm; irhieb wan ratiwd in 
16S3 to ranct llm Spanuharniadu. )[•? wm 
kiugbtcd in lfii>7. Ihiiiii|{ tbu eloHing yvitre 
of Queen Elisub<^b's rv'iga he, m ■ staunch 
pTDtestADl and }i>_val Mipport«r ofihoqiu^tn's 
([Qvernsient, wim iiominatnil to tervo oa 
■lanr f[H<ni>i] comminions fur tbe trial of 
ptnnn* char)i<'d nitb bish trciuoii, including 
Dr. WiUmmJ'arrj- (1>0 F«b. ifW4-5), Ati- 
iLonv Baliiugton (A Supt. I&SS^, I'nlrick 
OX'uiltrn (31 Feb. I6P2-S>,nianyJ««iil*'ttnd 
MiRiM-teil coiners (26 March 1A93), and 
Vatrnline Thnmas (^2 July |.J9@). 

Wfnth n^tainnd tbn fuvour of the govem- 
mirnt under JaEn» I. On yi May IWV) itie 
new kiiifi fn^Dted him a walk(>r«bi|i 111 Wji!i. 
ham ForMl fur litV, and on 10 I'Vb. nnxt 
jMi h« and oilicr« were dirMtod to wc to 
(Im weMion of bridfs acroM the rivitr \xa 
between Ilarhnnv and IIodd<vdciD for ib(> 
Idnx'' eoBmniiUKw wh<;n hamkinK. On 18 
luid 19 Jul; IGOfilie votorlaiiicd JaiDMi I at 
lii* moAtnm ni LongbTuD in Eawx for two 
dajra. Ilia MtalM iu Btsex wi>n> gmntly in> 
CWMwd by lh« deiitb of Francin Sioiiard, \iU 
btber-in-lnw, on IS Kvpt. IftOI. ilowaa 
a jiiry^nan al ihi- triai of Sir Waiter Ralegh 
on 15 Snpt. 1603. wluni throuffh (ome inis- 
ntidcntondin^ he incumKl the dUpl«uuN 
of the attorney-general (EvwtBn.i, I^tfpA, 
i. 4:^)1. ii« vt* in the fpvial coDiniMiOQ 
of o;er and Iprminer for MiddluMX ianiod 
10 Jan. leO-'.-B for the trial of (Siiy Fawkea 
and the RTtal powdef-pl'it mnapiriilorii. 

Wroth dird on 27 Jiin. ltW&-*!, and was 
bBfied on the rollowiDg: day ul Enfield. His 
oibaeqttMa were foraiiiUy ceiebraled on 
S Mareli. 

Sir Rolx'rt nwrrwd 9iiMn, daiishtar n»d 
Iieir««J> of Franci* Rlonnrd of r.nu;;hton, 
thmnKb whom h* ae<iuired ihn estate of 
I^m^hton. Ur leema li> haio had a*, luact 
toar NUTviving i^ib: Sir Robert (1678?- 
lAl t), who is noticed under Lis wife, Ividy 
Mnry AVrotb : John, who wee adniilled a 
aludent of the InnerTempIo, 1596, was afl^r- 
ward4 defCribed a> a captain, and «iiccecdcd 



to Uurranti ; Tl»mnii; nod Hoiiry, who it 
Btylcd * of Wooilbvr; in IlvrrronUhirc' 

'Sia tlExnt Wkiitii id. IVil), tecotid«on| 
of Henry, Sir Kubott's youn^l Mm, BCquii 
•om'^ fame as a royalbt dunui; the civil wa 
wnc a 'pensioner' of Charlea I, and 
kniclittv! al Osfoid 00 1.'. Sept. lOtfi. 

comnoiindnd with tbn pnrliamnnt for 

(fa/. CmnmiUtffor Ojinp-Miniling,^, 1667)t,] 
IJewa-iKTanlediandinlrekadatidaiuwecdoa* 
to Durtimrs on the death of hia unula John. 
Ill IBOl Sir Henry Wrulb with a parly of 

h«r>ec«corte<lCiil<:'i-.elJo1iiitIutchinaon||q.v*}d 
from tbo Tower of I.tnidun on th« road tOI 
SondnwD Cnxtle in Kent t.Vrmolrt r/ Calonel ' 
I/utfAmton, od. C. U. hirlh, ii. SJOf. Kir 
Ilnniy Wroth wn.< ■ pntnin of Fuller, who , 
dedicalcMl to him bin 't'iisaDh Si|;1il,' ]6fiOL| 
Faller often viailedhiuiat [)urrUiite(BAtlXT| ' 
Xifr ••/Fuller, p, 4m). He di.d on 22 Sept. 
1«7I. HeTO«medAnnp(li!33-lrt;7).dangh-^ 
(or of William, lord Maynard of Wicklowu 
nil leoond daughter Jnat? marriod in 1681', 
William Henry jtuvlestein, lint cari of 
Itochfiird [q. v.] 

[Momnt'ii Kbos. i. 183-fl ; Viiiintion of Euox 
(TInrl. Soc); Caapor'* Atlkcno' Cuiliilir. ii. 128, 
6)14: Nicli<il*'> Pniutvue*; lU-liiiLMiti'* Kiin*ld{j 
Park's Ihtmpslnul , Xoira anil Qavrlos. 7ih nrif 
I, »i.: XiATn'i M?^ S«IRlk CoiI«tJon«in Bri' 
M.i«. AiMit' MS. 19I.W. ff. a.V-i-T.] S. I. 

WROTH, Sir THOMAS {1--.16-I673), 
polilicinn, bom in l.'tltl, idninipd m bi« ao- 
cpslor William dcWmtbaiu fq.*.], thcjudjrr, 
w-boM! atlrpiid d'-nci^ndanl, J(mn, was nht^ilT 
ol' London lu 1351, Ion! muyor in 1301, atid 
repreieuted Middlesex in nianr purliacaenlb 
of Edward Ill's reijfii (O/BiVa/ Ilrtwrn, i. 
17&St>). John'* son, Sir Tborua* Wroth, 
ninrried Maud, djinjibli'r and heir of Tlioinaa 
Diirnnl id. \MA\ who built Diirranta in En- 
fiold, Hflenvnrdi the seat of the Wroth 
familiei. U'lberC Wroth, father of the •ob- 
ject of ibis article, was allomey of tbe duchy 
of Lauuuler, uud one of tbo cununikaioiien. 
appuLUled lo inquirf into Wolaoy'a pOKWJ 
siona in l-''39. He Mt for Middleeex in til 
Refomintion parlinmnnl (I6'.?^-31>),and die 
in l.'i^, leaving iuun bv his wife Jnna,' 
daoKhtcr of Hir Tliomai ^lawle, (bar aons 
and two doufihteri. 

Thomas, the eldeol aon.wa^a ward of llie 
king, and iraa educated al St. JoWs Col- 
Icf^. Caiiibrii);C!e, but stems to have toliea 
nod«give,aiid inlHCwaiadmilted atnchiDt 
of Gmy't Inn. On 4 Oct. of that jviar thoJ 
right of hill wardship and marriaen wiiil 
granted to Cromwell (I^lltri and Paper*, 
xi. 613 [6]). In l-Wa Sir Itiuhard Rich 
(afterwardti Grsl Buron l!ich) [q. v.] paid 
Cromwell three huudred marlis Tor the right 

m2 




AVroth 



164 



WVoth 



I 

I 

I 

I 

I 
I 



of duiiKuiRR of Wroth io mnriUsi', an<l then 

Crovidfd for lii» tliird dnughtrr, Slnrv, by 
Btrotliing LprloWrolh. Wroth wnB((rauted 
livKrj' uf liiii laiiils ou 'Ji April lulO, unA in 
tbat snA the followta« j«ar Rich secured 
for hi* duUKlitOT'* hiUDantl the iD»noni nf 
llighburv (fi]rf»it«d by rmiiiwrll) nnil nf 
Bcjmonaluill, Ui-rtCndrbir'^, nnd landa in 
Cbwihuiit, Wurmlejr, uid Kniield, belooKing 
to various dJMulTed nunaiilvriM (Letlrn 
onct Paprr*. XIV. iL 324, ST. 61» [91. 733 
[W], jvi. 727). On 18 I)«e. 1544 Wroth 
wu mturni^d to pnr!iitin"nt m ono of tho 
Imighia of th« ahin! for Middlnvx. and in 
the follnwinK yor, ihnnijrh [Jmntanr's io- 
fluHucp. it is mid, woa Bpiminti-d ((Bnileman 
of llip L'liaoiWr lo Priuce Edwunl. Hi^ re- 
l&iue<ttliut pu«itduriiif[EdiraTdVrtreigii,WM 
knlght«<i mi 22 l''eb. 1546-7, sud wm one of 
tho jnunc hin^ca prlncipnl rnvoiiritm. In 
Snptorab'-r ir)-17hc wn« snnt to the I'rolnplor 
in Scollntid with 'Edwnrd'* IctliT* congn''"- 
Istiug liim ou his riflory M I'itikiis nnd in 
Julv \lAii viiut uiie of ihr vt'ilneaf.'it ai«ja»l 
BiaoopOnrdinorfor hi« (•■riiii>ri infill. Pftul'g. 
11(1 probnhly nrpmacnTcd Middliifei in thn 
)inrliuiii<'nl that mi from 1517 to 1552, but 
tbi! ri't.um* nn- wuntinff. AflM- SomtnelB 
full Wmth wOA un 15 Oi't, 1519 nppoinlvd 
oup of thi- four princiml p.'iLtti?iut.-ii of the 
privy th:inibor, hiK fidelity ifi Wurwick'n iu- 
lore*!* Ixiiiifi; si-cun^l by doiililin(r iln> ortli- 
nary iwlary of Ml. On 24 July IA50 hr vn% 
jp-aiit<id the mniioni of Uurdtiirld, <.'Iiigo'«ll, 
and W«it Ham m Ebbl-x ( Cal. State J'apert, 
DotD. l-M'-WJ. p. i'8, Adileiida, 1547-tH>, p. 
413), uad on 14 April 1A51 he wu mitae 
joint lord tie^ilmiant with I'l^fet of Middlo- 
<u:x. On 29 Nov. f.illowing he wne prMenl 
III the disputdtiou on tin- Siicmraoct hold in 
CmU'« Uouae (DiKON, CAunA HUt, lii. %«8), 
SomOtBet'a second fall hrou^h t Wro tli further 
gnata; on 22 .I>n. MAX -2. the day nf the 
Prot«ctor'» Hxccution. ho was u.'nt to Hioii 
llouM: lo report on tin- nmnlior nnd iiro« of 
ibo dubi^'s #uiiH. d(iu;;hlpra, and iH>m,iila, 
and OB 7 June fcillon-in;; wii« iiiveu it Ivvvuty- 
one ywira' Ifasp of Kioh. This he is laid to 
hlin aurrondnrud on an ai»uranc« that ]Cd> 
word di-iijtnod it for some iitihlic r.hnrity. 
In 15uJ, iind Bj^ain in 105:], Lu wuh ona uf 
the commis!iioui<ni for thu ]ord-li(^ult:niin(.'y 
of Middleet^i, auil in l-'iibrimry I56J-3 be 
waa Again knight of the *hiro for Muldlnii^i 
in EdwnrdV latit pnrliamRnt. llr n'oi not a 
member of the privy council, but wm emu of 
thoM) whom ICdwnriJ \' I proponed in Mtirv'b 
1R0I-3 to 'coll into commiB«ion,' his iiaoie 
appearing on tlio committee^ of ibe rnuiicil 
whii^h were to R.TM^ut« penal law* and pro- 
clainatioiu and to examino into the 'atalo 





of all liia court*,' capeoally the new conitt 
of aujitnMitAtian*, Gnt^ruita and Ivnths, and 
wards (Ut. Jtemaiiu <^ EJirani VI, pp. 403, 
4iftk-o01 ). lu Deveniber MAi he wa« plactd 
ou a further cominiMi'in for tbo ncanrj of 
the king's debt*, and in tbn nubo jcarwaa 
one nf the 'ndvcnturcn' in tlM vonso to 
Mororco(llAKLUrr. 11. ii.l*; cf- arl."wtn>- 
ti*M. TiioMAB, 1510 ?- 1553). J 

Wroth wiu until July 1>%'>3 in cloao at- I 
((rudanvu upon Edward V!, who i* mid to < 
have died Ln hi* arras, llosignrd tboldnff* 
letters pntont limiting the crawn to Laaf 
Jann On-y, but apnari^ntly took no overt 
put in Northumbi-rlfliid'a insufrcctton. He 
was ■cnt to the TovfL-r on 27 July, twt «at 
Kxin ri'ltoMd, lu January \h(A^, how«v«r, 
when SufTolh was ni(^iialin|; hia aacsad 
rising. liOril John fSmj had an iaUrriaw 
with Wrolh.andiirpHlbimtojoin. Oardintr 
propoJcd bis nrrrtt on the STTlh, but Wrotk 
nscaptid to th(< conlinenl. For this at«p he 
is said Co huvi? obtained ro^l licence, wliich 
itss ptobably due to the latercaaaion of his 
falher4n-law, liord llich(Olnm. Qawn A«^, 
p. 184; Cal.Stntf I^pfT*,\i(tm.\M7 90,Y- 
57). lie niiDftinwl nhroid durtUK tbc iwt 
of Marv* rui^. priucipallr at Sinuburg and 
Frankfort. 1,'iiin); mutfriol help lo the pro- 
lestnut f^tles. ImmediaieW ou Elixab*ib's 
nccesMon be retiimtMl to Ivngland, and (in 
21) IVc. I.S58 wa» i'li<>t«l knight of tbc ahira 
for Middli-wi, which hp again rpprcMmted 
in tho parliament uf 15lt2-3. Un '2X An^, 
1559 ha waa anpoinied oommiaaioner to viiit 
ihediooMeaoT Elf and Norwicli. In Jna* 
1502 he was nncninatad a icperial comBii** 
sionor to mniult with the lord-drputy on 
thn (tovemmeni of Ireland (inalruciioo* in ■ 
Lambelh .VS. U14, If. M», U/i,^! lii), but ■ 
doe* nut aeeni to have gone lo Dublin [ill ^ 
February 10^9-4 ; howaanacalled at hisown 
request in Auguat. In 1S6B hn waa com* 
miiaioucr for liniKlcra In Uiddleacx and far 
thu ]ord-lit'ul<'niiiit.'y of London, and on 
1 Sent. lG7t tvas sent to lake aa invantoij 
uf >orrolk'ii gorilla in the Cbnrtvrhonav. 

Wroth died on Oct. Ift73. He 
inaiu^ bv hia wife .Mary Ilich six or aevaa' 
sona nnil threo or four daught-nra. Th« eldtat 
mm, Sir lEoKrt (15I0?-llW«) rq.v.l, snc- 
eeeded biui. The second son. Tbomaa, was 
admitted student of th« Inner Temple ia 
XoTcmbrr 15S1 (Cookk, AJmi*»ion^. p. 56), 
nRdwoal.Rnt reader in 1601, boinftfiuvdM' 
for Hfglpcting to rvnA hili Ircttire (/imw 
Triiiflf Rf^riU. \. AW, \i'2). Ho acqiiitrd 
wcnlrb in thft pmcliceof the law, and settled 
at Kland(<uhal!, Bnxley, Kent, whcrv ha died 
in 1610. He married Jnnn, second dauf^ltf 
and hair uf John or Tbomaa Bulmer orBal> 



on 
TaoV 



Duui, «iul left, bcaidet other iiwiin, Sir Tho- 
" miu Wwth(l6*l~1873) [o.v.]«nd Sir I'drr 
Wrulfa {d- IMl), n momW ol' tUn Inni^r 
Tonple anil * a Rnllnmnu nf anwl luurnin^-. 
from wIiMO coUcctioiu ' Collinuoii dc'rivoJ 
tli« oeeount or Ihu fniiiilj pTiIltl^'i iu hi* 
* 8oiiMTrset,' nnJ wIiodu ffrauil^oii Jobn even- 
taollj •ucvKilt'd U> the SoiuerMt propvrl;. 

FLatlonand Pnpc.-» of ^el)t,*^^^.Ioll. lif. 
xn,i Arts of tJn* Pdry Council, cd. Duonl, 
1M7-7A; Cul. SUIe I'a)>«n(, Ih>iii. ]At7--'<0. 
and AiMondA. [■MT-S.t. «ii<l I'orpign, 1663-8; 
Usifiulil >l^. vol. i.; Official Rotuni ofMcaib. 
of Pari.; Cliron. (Juwii Jinn Hml lii«<^rrinri' 
ChnM.(CaindciiSoc.j: Lit.Bcm.or Kdursnl VI 
(BosbatS^o Club); haw 'tcmpio Kooonln. 
ins, pUMliin : FnKl«r'ii It«g. nf Oriv ■ Inn ; 
8lfJT»'» Workf (ittm-ml ii»il''») ; Itunirl'* Hi»t, 
of Uio RtfurniiitiOD. «L Poeoek ; Ooiu-Ii'k IuiIki 
to Ptrkor Sociiilj'a pub)i<!atiani ; Uixon* ll'iil. 
of Um CDiarfliuf )':iii:lHiiii, iii. 2.11-2. 'iBI, »HJ): 
ImM. MS. ISi. t. 3\2I.. Ifrrl. MS. SStS. ff. 
SS(-SA(i Cotton MS.JoliiiB V. v IS; A<l<Iit. 
>rR».$6tf4 r.SOT*. 16279 If- 2a4-fl; Torfdn Cm. 
MS.'*. I^tulxth ; ViMlMl.iuim of I.(iii.irtn, ii. 373-4. 
of Eucx, i. 133. 330. md of Hoiixrvi, p. 147 
(Haii.Soc.) ; Collinton'* Somertot. pusiin ( ifonp- 
ral inilHi, 1598); Mornnt'n Kuat. L lOi-i. il. 
£19: llnstniR K»ut ; Duiirp'ii Mulern Wilris 
ToL iii. 'Oaoaton.' t>. 41; ['nkii'ii lilni^kbtsth. 
IBM, p. «»; DuTj'. -Siiffak Colloi^tioniitBrit. 
Slua.Aild-t.31^. l9UA.r. 2.'iA);CiH>pur'<.Athcoii> 
Cnatnbr. i. 3J1-3, £61, nud antliuritir* llicn' 
eitcd.] A- F. P. 

WKOTH. Sib THOMAS (1.VW-1B73), 
Mrlisiii<>ntariBn and author, fldcjit Hin nf 
Tbrnnaii Wmih (d. IdlO) and gnndiion of 
Sir 'Iliomas Wrolh (liilO-ir)7:(| [q. v.], waa 
bom in XiOiidoa. und Implisi-d oi St. Sl«- 
phum'ii, CoUmun Slrrel, uu ■> May litSi. 
Uo mntriculacvd as a cuiutriuDor fruiu Ulou- 
eeiUr Hall (afltTwardo Worco^ler CoU«ge'), 
Oxford, on I Jul; lli(X), hut via Bfl4r<'n>rtla 
ilcwrtlin) aji ' ■omiitimi' tfhnlnr lo l.lio jirin- 
cijiol ' of HraiuljrutH Hall, to the r«biiil<iin){ 
of wfaich 111' wmlribuled ■lU.'. in UUO (Mai> 
LEtXB, f-rmbroke Coll. Oif. Hiit, Sot. p. 
147). Ill' left the iinirvriiilv without a di-- 
gme. and in Nov,'nihar IfflW was enlt'rwl 
with his brother (8ir) IVti^r an n tiiid«tit nt. 
that Iiuiw Tcnipin (Cookm, Admiuimu, p 
17'^). TId wai kiiiftlilod on 14 Oot. 161^, 
nnU. hatiiia iuhcriicJ a con»id«nible |)urtion 
of liil fnlbrr's uri-ttttb, !»■ (lurahunwl the 
SomcraHt mlalni of his cousin. Sir Robvrt. 
Wroth (167."i-liiU). whi'n ihev were sold 
to pay hia d«bia. The rhinf oi th«fl° wnm 
tiba manort of Nnwton and I'ttthnrtoii fnrk, 
of whii^h bit irrirai-Krund father ItiibiTt had 
been apiwinii^d fori-ator by Hi-nry \' II, and 
I whkfa ni* EnndfathvT 8ir Tlioina.! hnil pur- 
I diasedof E4w«rd VI in luoU. IVtherOn 



Park bi'CiUDe tlia u.'nc of his brancb of tbs 
fnttiilr, and for the r«9l of hi" lir- Wroth waa 
njMiacial*'d with .Si>mqr»'I>biM [tolitio. 

Wrolh cmpWcd his Inisurn in Iitonry 
piimiiti, and in IGl'O publiihud ' 'I'hv De- 
■iructiou (if Troy, or tlie Aci* of .Kneas, 
tninslati-d uut of the oi^coud booki- of x\w 
.ijiiendii of \\r^\\ . . ..'Liudon, 4('i). li ia 
dr?dii.-at«d to Sir HoU-rt Sidney, first nnrl 
of l>eice»ler [q. v.], nni] bound up with tho 
nritiah Muuium copy i* Wroih*« ■ .Vbortire 
of an Idln Hour, or ti fniituric of Kpifframn.' 
nlM>printcd in London. 1B:,'0, Jl'i. Wroth'a 
onW otlirr literary vtlurln wer«< hi* account 
of Ilia wifu MuFf'iirvli who diwJ of s f'-vcr at , 
IVtherloii I'ark on 14 Oct. KS-Vi, and waal 
biirifdon 11 Nov. in St. Sf<iphnn'», llolnaaii 
Strrwt, Ijondnii. It i» prmtrd in tiu> I)iik>! 
of Manr.lwJilHrii ' (!ourt nnd Society from 
Klitabiflh lo Ann«' (i. 'A\-i JKjq.): his 'sad 
encomium ' upon her waa M-paralety printed 
in UStiT, )L<:>ndun, 4lo) (cf. Coi.Li'er, BiliL 
Arc. -if EiujiMt Lit. ii. fi-17-l*). 

Wrolh'g wife waa daiightw of Hinhnrd 
Itich of Lnijch* in Kmcx. and Milcr of 
Sir Nathaniel Itich [i]. v.], tliu colonial 
pionciT (d'. Stith, Uwt. lif Virginia, 1747, 
p. m^) ; aud this connccliui) unJ his friend-. 
nhip with thu lirsl Karl of I.eiwMer, n mem- J 
bor of tlie \'irpiiiia Company, led Wrotli i»l 
anaociatn liimm^lf vrith colonial nntornriiu. I 
Mb wm a lulincjilief to ihi! VirBinin Com- 
pany in 1609, and durinR 1621-4 wna 



prom.ini-nt ni<mibt>r of the Warwick parly, 
in opposition to Sir Edwin Saudvs [q. v.] 
n» voted in favour «f (be siirrwiufpr or tli* 



original cliartvrr in October l(l2!t, and waa4 
one of thoon included in ilami^i !'■ ni^w 
(tront of 15 Jnlv l6iJ {Cil. State Papers, 
Amur, nnd WuBt Indici, IWI-IKOO. pp. m, 
fiS, 401. •119. Addenda, ir^i-lUO^I. No, 131), 
On 3 Nov. lUlfU hr- bt'camu a member of iho 
cuiiDcil for NewEuglaod.and aubae^nantly, 
on ^■'> June 1IS>^3, waa mad^ a contnuncionar 
for tho govrrnmfMit of tbo ItRrniudaa. 
la domcalii^ politic* WroihjoiniKl the op- 

Eoiition to the kiaa. "id lie fi'pre»i*nted ^ 
Irtdgwalcr in t.b» pnrljumL-nl of llt27'4. { 
III Sepleiuber tl!3-> the ^•ovr^riitaent aeind 4 
Iviter from biiu in wbich be bawuM tb« 
rondilion of tVin church, and bintod at t»* 
niitanciT 'unniic ad aunguini* nHuaionom ' 
(CW. SlaU Paprr; Horn. HIM, pp. 377-8). 
Ho oarvcd as nberilf of Sonn^rH-lBhira iu 
I'UIU-IO, and was tberefurt* cxcludi^d from 
thti Short parliainetit ; but he again tepr»*J 
senled Bridgwater in the t<on^ parlianwint 
wbidi mfit in Novenibpr lft40. In I(t43i 
piibliahcd ' A Sporch aooban hy Sir Th 
Wfrtth , . . U|mn hia delivBry of a Petition 
from . . . Somerset, 'ia Feb. 16il-l',' Lon- 



Wroth 



i66 



W'rotham 




don. 'l[o. (^ruluallir i:iuliuiiig towuds thv 
vk-vm of tlu' iadf^udi-ut*, \\ roth tvUiuei] 
luH tv&l ill t.lia Lone pnrliAnieiil througfa all 
lie iici»8iUi<ig«,aiiA^0D 3 Jnn. llU7-d movvA 
tbc fnsMU* rewilutioii that Chnrlc^ I UiouU 
bo itnpoiiclied aad the kh^doin wtllcd nilh- 
out ktin (UakDHISS, Cial It'ar. iv. GO). Hu 
took ihu ' rngagememt ' in lUm.aiid wiuiun(> 

of tlie jUiif.nriltipoinW 10 try tlur bin^, but 

1i6 atlL-uJ<^ onlf oiM (veMOD (Nonu;, ll*gi- 
eutei, ti.33B-40V I" -funo folWing Ii« wu 
thutlrad bjr jiarliacni'nt far vimtntiag tho 
IsTvllon in SOTDcrH.-t. ^^*^lth dou not np- 
pear bo bavu nt in (be parliament* of 1663 
■nd lOSi. but on :.*0 Uct. 16i>6 waa again 
returned for Bridgwater, wliieh h« u taii) 
to har* repr«»eoti>d in Itichard Oronwoir* \ 
parliament of 106$^, and for wkicti bs car> 
taioly wt in tbc Convciition parliament of [ 
IGSOl Hit petition fur pnrJcin (Cuf. .Vfafr ' 
Papm, Vktta- UXKI-l, p. H) was ■jiiiiiruutl'r 
CTantfd (but ef. ih. IC6I-2, p. 67), an^ 
Wruib livi-il in r«tirvtneot untH hi* dmttb, 
•E»<1 ^, nt roTbi>rt<in Park on 11 Jnly 1073. 
T?i« will w.ia proved on 24 Xns- followinti. 

lio left noi«tic bv bii wifi- MnrBMwi.anil 
did not mairyaRQia, biM-!tjii«]iikaainjilohis 
gwnl-nuphi-'W, Sir John Wrolb, •eeuud baro- 
DL-l {d. IH71). »on of Sir John Wroth. Cntl 
baionet. id. 1C04), a royalist wlio fnnght 
with dislinetinnnlNHwbury.nnd was ctwitod 
a baron«t in IttiXt, nnd grandson of Kir 
TboniBB']! brother, Sir I'etnr Wrolh. Tbc 
haromet<;y bni^unin vxtinrt on tbe diMtli of 
Sr John Wroth, third baronet, on 27 Juno 
IT'.".'. 

(ChI. .StAlfPitpers. ttom.nnj Amor.and W«t 
ladirfi. liST('l<JHO ; (*i)ininunii' Jnuruiili : Oflilcial 
Bf turn Womb, of Purl. ; Wood'ii Atlmn», od. 
BltM. iii. ail-l(l : fmier'i Alumtii Oion. 1600. 
ITU; N'iUpi. It<i|OPitiM, ii. 330-40; Lift of 
S!i«nir-<. 1H{>8; IiiiKir Tani)>ln Ftsainli. i. 4*0. 
tvi: HmI. M8. 2^18. f. Uh. MAW. MS. 

leSTO, ff. 224-5; ViiiTalian of ttomprtst. lOSS 
(Hftrl. Soc.), p. U7i SirThomn. Phillipi'i Vi.i- 
lalioD iif Sunicrml ; Cullinatin'a Hint, iif Sanier- 
■ct, iii. C2-S0 ; Viiilniioti uf Ix'iid'ici (Hnrl. 
Sod), ii- 373-t ; Taili't Ilitt. of IlamnnKail. p. 
116; Ilav?'* Rufllilk (rolUviiiiiu (Addii. M.^. 
I01A8, f. SAT}i tliinter'n Ch'imt Vhiuui ia 
Addit. US. 2419. f *m: Kariiv'* Extinct 
Baronctciv; BrDW>G<'aHiBt*S,A.;aariliDDr't 
I Citil War. Ir. fifl; Wrotli'i Work*, and aa> 

I tboritifl* riud in ((it.] A. P. P. 

j WROTH, \V!UJ.\M (ir,70?^ni2), 

I Wetih o[>iii:uiifur!ulal, ivus bum ntidut l''>(<i 

a in thf nei^bourhuod oj Aberinv^n[i<r- Ho 

I was of good famil J. and on z7 Mov. 1 5iN) 

^^ matricuUled nl nxfnrd from N«w Inn Ilnll. 

^H On 1«1 F^b. l.M)^6 h« graduated B.A. from 

^B Chritt Church, nnd on S6 June l«Or> M.A. 

^^B &mt Jwua CnlloffR. In 1611 he vra:i prv- 





wntpd br Sir Kdit&rd Lenis uf \~nn lu thu 
rx!vtoijufUan Fachf*. Mimmoulbsbiiv, to 
irluoh was added in 1613 that of l.lanfi- 
Itancel Itoggielt, bard by. About 1630 tbo 
«uda«D d««lli (if a friand loado a dnftp im- 
pRMioin apoo him, and bu bocama mnownEd 
aaascariMBtptea^cr and ■ waloiu poritan. 
So largDwaathe coacoorsu of folk wboeamti 
to bMT lun tbat he fre^oently pnMirhrd ii 
the ^utthjard; he vuited other di«lric< 
and wu MpeciallT ia reqiwM ai Ilrin' 
JliiMal MiobisWnfTRummoBnd in 1 
bcfor* Ik* court of hijtfa eommnuon; 
caaa^ bowoTer, wa* not p«xiintitlTdc*ltw.._„ 
form I6S7 Wrolh won stdl redtomJ ' »- 
fnctoty.' tboufth iu 103r< \\i> had msdu some 
hind of aubiniwiou. lu Novetubur 1 
baring resigned (or been ejected tnm) 
liviiie, hn forniind at Llan FachM. with 
nid of rirnrv Stntvy [q. v.] and Walter C 
dock I ^. V. \ I (ip fint anpanitiii c h u rv h in W: 
of which Ibr? was cbooeo panlor. lie died in 
the early part of lOJl'. Cradotk. lu a »er- 
inun ptMCued beforv tka Hoa*e of Comiaona 
in IA4I}, eveaks of Wroth aa 'that UeMOd 
npottk of .Nouth Walm,' and quotwn, ia illus- 
tmtioD of hi* poktorol diligcnov, a tayinff 
of hi* ' that tkcro wu no* one pFr*an in hia 
congrcfcation vhoae (piritual cBtale be did 
nut folly know.' 

[Fo*tur« Alumni Oxnn. 1300-1714; Bcc*'* 
Ilisl. of PiutMAant ?Concanfbmiily iii Walai 
t«ud'a Wotbi, *(d. v. nu*im: Lift of Ui 
Jmi-j.] J. e. 

WROTHAM, WILLUM kb (4. 131 
judg«, WM the prandHun of Geoffrey 
Wrothan of BaddentilU, naar Wrotban 
tn Kmt, a dODteatic atrrant of aevvral nick- 
biiiko|M of CaniM'bufy, indudine Hubert 
Wa]t«r[«» llBimr^who kitb bin land* 
ncor Wrothnm, Kent, lly liia wifp. Mattd 
du Combil!, Oroirn-T wita father of William 
do Wrotkam id. \-i(»i':), who waa alierifTof 
Deroiiabire in 119t^>0. acted aajiulieiar in 
tho reiffn* of liichsrd I and John, and 
married Mnri>>I dp I.ydd. A* lu> ■urrived 
until about 1208, i| isilifllcult to ditingnkh 
kim from kin .ion, but npparently it waa the 
*on who waa cuslo* of the Btanneriea «f 
UevoniJiinj andCorowall from 1109 to 131* 
(Madoi, Jtiittnv ^ the Etcifpur, H. I3SJ 
and appears in 1204 as one of ibe baiUIT* 
the seaports aud of tb« OftMOth of m 

chnndii;' , i in liM as one of 

•cii«loii. - i^il iiriim.' On 30 Sept. 1 
he wn« nctinK u cuttodian, witu Ui 
of Woll«, of the tpmporalili«« of 
biihopriv of Bath and the abbey of GlaMon^' 
bury (JCot Pal. p. u7fr|; and on 4 Feb. IdOB 
he was appointed to inquire into ilie mil- 
administration of ike borough of Iiondnn 



1 





i 



Wrottesley 



167 



Wrottesley 



iJtot. Oatu. p. (M). On 2.1 .Innn of ilie 
tMtav yeur be waa coalitiliaii nf thn tcnipo> 
r»]ilMW or Uw biihopric of Winobi-iti-r itA. 
p.73£). UowiuaUo ronuKn- of tU-.- count iisa 
of SoBUTHtkndllonwIituidlalerofSiJiiiHMet 
and Bsmoor. Hi? o'bs s caii'Hi of Wvllx in 
IMOl, aini in llie wun' year iM'cani'' nrivliUnn- 
eonof Taunluu (Le Scik, FZtti.i'A. Ilnrdv, 
i. IlWl. Siioii ufl«-r he ivcpivnil Iho churclii.>< 
of Wanlt'D in ^liciijicj nnd Kaat HMng 
in K«at. [jt NcVR. mirnvBilitiK 'Tntit' fur 
'Cant,' enako Wrutlmm urcliJt'uton of t'«n- 
tcrborv in 120t). Hi? jiuid twii iboiuMiiiil 
thi«« iiundri.-(l murks fur ibu l>'in^*» favour 
in IdO^ and be »wina to liovp fai<ld the 
offlm of irardeD of tbo «i>nporl> during ino>t 
at John's rrifn («re Jtal. t'lmu. posnin). 
ITa vu constantlT with T.I10 kiiif{ in ViiX^' 
1310 and l!!IS-13, nnd is inpuliuii^d by 
Bo0Fr uf Wcndover oa oii« uf Ji^liu's nd- 
vtBfndiiriiiit thu time of (-li<> iot^njict. lis 
I, muM Lav« k-f( thv eciunlij during rlin irar 
>l (ho end of ill-* rei^. bui win pcrmittnl 
br Umit^ til t<> niliim in NifEiy in 1217. 
U* di«d in tlijtl vRiir, btiiiiK suiro'nird by bin 
■MpbMr and hart, IticUurd di? Wmlbam 
<RU. Clmu. i. 3S2-3). II19 cliii-f gruoi* of 
uuid wen in Someracl , and, Hcccirdiii^ to tbo 
pudigraw givHO iiiColtiiiAon.UnwaAnncfMlor 
of IM Wroth or Wrollip fRinily, a niimr noid 
to be * oonlraclion of Wmihniu \fX. art. 
WMcua, SiH TiroM**, Iflie- \:,1S\. 

[Vlau Psi.. Roc Claiit. Htui Eti.i. Chitr- 
tnmai (IlMord Cnmln. PnbL); M.udui'it Jlip't. 
EuhnQiwr: It»i;ur Wandorrr. Mnltliow- I'irii. 
ii. 433, Walter of'CoTsnlry (RnlU ,Snr.) ; 
CoUiown'* Somonai. iii. <)3~&. A;c (wm girnvrnl 
Index, IS98); Lint of Sbcriffik ISSS; Todi'I 
X4tMO«II;*Jodi:«.I Vr. E. R. 

WROTTESLEy, Siit JOHN, aocond 
Baxox W'KOTTCsit.Kr nrOS-lftrti), wa» bom 
•t Wrolt««l->y llallin.SialFDrdaliiroonAAiig. 
1788. 

Ilia tatbnr, 81R Joiis Wkottesuit, fimt 
IJahu<i WKonwcEY (I7TI-18II), bom ou 
4 Oct. 1771, was l\>ie v\An% ami of Major- 
nneral Sir Jolin Wru(Ui«li»v, berl. (1744' 
i"67),bT bis wife Fn.iic.>»(<(.'|S2(;),dnngli1OT 
of Sir Williarn ('ourloiiay, fint vitKHiiinc 
Courtenay (d. 17m). IIo waa a dMcondnnt 
of Sa Walter Wtiotlp*lry [q. v.], wna ad* 
nitted to VVcstiiun#teT aobool on 31 Jan. 
17tSd, uid acrviKl in Holland nnd Franco 
dnring the reTolutiunary war a» an ofGi^er 
in ibe ISlli tsncvrs. Ou 'i MnrL-1i I7W In- 
wu rMumed to psriinnioot for Lichlletd in 
Um whi)^ inierfit. ilo wna re-iiloctoil in 
lfl02,bucin IrtOCtwiuidofniUHl. On SllJuly 
IBSfi h« waa wiunn-d for SloflbrcUbiri-, nnd 
After the pwiuiiii' of tliu lUfom Act in 11^43:2 
bu cuatiuued lo sit for the loulbvni diviuuti 



of tlw> comiiy uolil 1837, when, his »i.>iit 
hoine «iiilaDf;«cd by thd durliDc uf the , 
. wbift int«i>Mt, h« wnx advanoi<d to thn HouMI 
uf Ixirdaon 11 July lt^38 wiib lbi> titip of^ 
JIvon Wroit«(dey of Wroiiealey. He waa 
a good practical fanner, and bin land* at 
WrottMJejr w«re fumisbi-d vilh tbe latest 
imnroTtwent.s iii as'H cultural DiDchinvry. 
Wliilo in jrarliumcnt h(> procun>d iheQxemi 
tion uf drninini; liloA from duty. II» die 
lit U'riitlMlcy on Itf Alarcb IMl.and waa 
Ituriod m lb« DnivBCral vuull atTctlcnboll 
church ou '2i Man.'b, Up was Iwiw ma 
ried : flnt, on '23 Jan. Yi'Xi, u> Curolio 
e\Af.»t dnnghl'ir nf Cliarle* Bonnet, fo' 
iiorl of Tnnkorvillp. By b«r ho liad t 
(ons nnd tbrcn duuKhtRrs. Sbc died 
7 Mnrcb 1818, and ho lunrrifd, wHioiidl?, i 
10 May l»ia, Julia (rf. 29 8L-pl. I&fl0> 
daughter of John Couyur* of Cujjt JlalT.^ 
RtsUE, and widow of Captain Jobu Aitluy' 
Bonnet, lE.N., bri«li»r of Wrolteeley's GtbI 
wife. By bcr ha bad no ifxuo {Grat. iViu 
ItMI. I. (!30: tismtLM:, Memou-t, 1&8& i 
y. 13). 

His ^IdeM aon, John, wns ndmiilrd to 
WegtniiuM«r tdiool ou If i! Jan. It^lO. Ho 
Ult in 1814, and lUHIriculntrd from Clirivt 
Cbnrcb, Oxford, on 1& May ISlU.Krsdiiatiug 
B.A.iii leigiind.M.A.in]8^». lie eiil«r«d 
Lincoln's Inn on 19 Not. 1(419, nnd waaj 
called to till- bar in IB-J^. Ho jaini-d iha 
cnuiuiiltve of tin? -Sin-jply for IJitt'ufiiiR L's«f"' 
Knowledge, of wliicb he c'tuluinod a luirial) 
until hi« death. While priiclidioK as 
Muily lawyer bo aotlled lit OlacKheatli, 1 
wliitro bntwonn 1^*9 nnd IK:tl bo built ana| 
Sttod iiD an oiilronomii-al olwi^n-ntorv. 1I« 
eapi^ciallr devoted biraaclf to obfcrving th* 
poHitiunit of certain fixed stars of tbe nxlk 
and aeventh magnitiidi-!). He took ten 
obtervationa of i-aeh <-tar, a task which 
occupied him from 9 May 1831 till 1 July 
la-iG. In IS36 b« prumnted hi* ' Catnlcuuo 
nf tho Itiabi .'VncDtuiona of 1316 Stara"to 
the ItoTal Aitrononiieal fiodcty, which h» ] 
had oouatod to found in 1B30, and of which 
b« waa aecfetanr from 1831 to 1811, and 
prwideol fVoin iMl lo 1813. Tho society 
printed the * Cotnlngiie ' iu tb^lr' Memoir*' 
in 183S, nnd prriwnled Wroit««I»y with 
t heir Kold modal on S I'Vb. I rtiia On ^J April 
I8I1 he wu ck-ctod n frllow of tlic Koyal 
.Society. 

ADerhisfatbcr'sdmihialSlI Wrotloidc, 
traiiHfi'rred his olMervoLury to Wrotli^sloy, 
ami pruvidi^ il with an etjtuilurial of 1:^ 
inchtu) foc-ul b^n^b by 7{ incliea apurtuie. 
In IK12 and l81Vi hn isoaed two aupple- 
mentary catolonuos of iitani (.VrvmoiVji oftht 
Jloyal Aalmt. Soc. vol*, xii. nnd xxiij.) lotl 



fc. 



Wrottesley 



i6S 



Wrottesley 



1861 hv publUb^ in Ilic ' PhiloMpliica] 
T«nwclionB ' of rlin Rovnl Society a pnpcr 
'Oa tliii Iti-aiillaof IWimlii-nl Clbiwrviition* 
of ninniern Sinn fBVoiiniblj- Kitiulnd for 
tile lnv«ii((niion of I'nrnllux,' iind iu I»6I 
iu ttiu 'UciaDin ■)!' tli<^ Itovnl Aflronoinicnl 
8uui«ty ' a ' UuliiloKue «f llu- I'uiiliuDH aud 
DisTAncM of 9SM IbiiUi? Sianr' (vol. xitii.) 
Wmi I pilcj swrvitil on •wvernl rojol com- 
miuinns of n ncir.nlitir nHliirn, nnil vim onn 
of thfi orijiiiial poor-lnw oim!niia.ioniTr«, 
piiblinliinff in 18.11. in conjiinniion wilh 
Charli'i IIbv Cainproii [i], v.j ooid John 
"WpUford Cnwpll, ■ Two Itefiorttou tlie Poor | 
I.awH' (lyHidiiri, 8vo). Iri IViS Ik" cullod 
aHyrilinn in iIih lloiis" of Lord* lo l.ieulo- 
nnnt. MnliWn' Koiiinin-' MaiiryV wlieme of 
(ni't*>ori)loj;ipal nbu'rvntinn* ond dJicDVPrii*, 
Mid ndvopiiti'd till! policy of cncournKiinr 
mcrc^huul cuiiriiiii.i to kery nii'tifonilofiLcal 
rvt'ordB of u'Liidi uiid cum-ntB during llicir 
voyugp', a pn.ij..-i;i wLicb hiiit sinte bwin 
MiL'iniv'dy ndoplod liy l>ie board of trad*. 
'Wriillculi'y'it ^[iPi'cb on tlii» mbiwcl wiu ■ 

Jnbliiliml (Ixindon, Svo). In Noviimbnr ' 
80I liP iiici^ii'dcK] Willinm rnmnn*, third 
earl of Uoiav [q. v.], u pn?»ideni of IhB , 
Itoyal Sui'ivt V. a ihuI whicli he reii^iwl in 
IH-j'. Ill 181JU liB wn? elecli'd [iresidaiit of 
<bv Itrilith Aii^iiciatioii, nnd uu 'i July 
Ivceived I.hs dwgr-.'e uf D.CI., from ih^ 
iinivnniit.y of Oxford, lie dind nt Wiflltc*- 
I'-yon l'7<»ct.. mn. On 28 Jiilr IR21 hp 
mairii^ Soohin Klitobittli (rf. 13 /nn. )S8(>|, 
third dauumtTof Tliomm (Jillard of C'hil- 
lingloii iu ^IntTordnIiirp. Hy her he had 
flvH MUM and Iwo dttii^hlm, Hiit two 
youngMt gnnn -llciirv ami Cametou^fpil 
in arlion. II» wna mirrio-ded by hia olilvst 
•on Arthur, thini biinm Wrotlfsloj. 

Jkvides Ihn 'C'tttnln(tucj' nlroady mm* 
tionwl, Wrotlfslcy wn« th« nutlior of: 
1. 'Thoughts on Oovvrnnicnt mid I^^i^inlif 
tion,*lAiidoii, l^i^Oi^vo: Oi^riuautraiiiilBtion, 
hyti.F.Slwlcfi>M.B.Ttiii, l8(S9.8vij. 2. 'An 
Addntu on ih<' ni^c"!!! Aiiplication of the 
KpeMrum AnnlyMn to Aat.rnnoniirfll Plie- 
iionai-na,' Wolvnrhnmpton, 1>HSfi, 8vn. Hn 
compilud It trcBtiiii' nn nnviffntion for Ihn 
' Ltbrarj of Usoful Kn<iwlpditp.' imHi-d und^r 
the auMiici's of the S<.<rivly for Difl'uniiig 
Uncfiil Kuowli'djie iii tin- trr'fts on ' Natunu 
Pliiloanjihy ' (Ib-VI, voLiii.) Kt-alsocoutri- 
biitcd manr pnpt'rt 10 ihe 'Memoira' anil 
' Monthly Nolif.-a' of thi» Itoynl Artro- 
nomii^l iSocitiiy, nnd fiirni'lii-d n pniwr " On 
llw Applinulion of tho Cnlciilmi of I'rohn- 
bilititvi lo thv lErMitiii of Mrnsun'ini'nl* of 
iLu IVi^ilioiia nnd llinlniiiva of I )oubli.> blurs' 

in Ihv ' Pn>c<<Mliiiin ' of ihv Itoyul Suuitfty 
(1850). 



>l ilia Itaval^H 



(Vouthly Sutitr* of (b* Itoyal A■t^>o. S 
IMS, uiiii. SI. 8; drtcvcdiDg* o4 ilia Itoj. 
if<x. IS6*-«,ml.iri.pp.huii-Uiv: GtoLMng. 
lseT.ii.SSU; BurWi Pocfflga ; Simmx* BiMio- 
thb-A SuSbrd. 1894; V/UtV* Aluaai Wot- 
iiioiinKi. l«Si; BarktcV and Stmnii^'a Wrat- 
miuitrr 8i'h'>ol lt*g. \$H i Vouer't Atnmni 
OXDD. l7l'V-lgSC: CMIcisl Rrluro uf Urm 
of Piirlinniint : Alllhonv'* Dii't. of lla^. lat._ 
Slwl^frlil'n [.'oIht dici nutaralitliwhr Anffiunnc' 
dcr KuKlindcr torn Sual nod Tom CfariitM«hiiB, 
BotUd. IH09; Recard* (if Lincols'a Inn. IBM, 
fi. M.] K. i. C. 

WROTTESLEY, Sm WAl-TEU 
147:il, rnplniu of Calua, wa« eUlML aou 
Ilii^h \\'rotlfaln (<{. 1464) and faw « 
Tboiuutinc, dau^ur nf Sir John Gresl^ 
linkvlaw. Tho fiimily, vImmb dmibo 
orifiinally lo have bunn Verdovi, had been 
BHltltid at WroltMiley in SoSiwdahirv fo 
many cunluriM, the Grat to aidoM [li« nuni 
Wro'uMley being William dm Vevdod, wi 
«iico««di>d to the manor in 1 199, and died i: 
\'2i2 (n.'c ihn oiaboiralo hittory of thn family 
ID Iho courw of publication b (ho Gnunlo' 
gUt, voU, IV. »Ti. rl •i.-q.) Walter wa» a 
firm adht-rent of VVarwiuk ' the kin^'-mokiT.' 
and on / Nov. 1100 he wa» appointwl afaenlT 
of Staflbrdabira. Apparsntl^ Iw ksid ill* 
otHcp for the u*nal term, nndiatnrbadbyt' 
vafjina fortiinr» of thf partT. On Sftji 
Mtil :; h<^ ii Hykd a 'kind's luiisht,' 
was iir">ni<!d the maiiora of Itonwbaaa and 
I'eiipolc. lionet, formiTly belonfpiiji lo WiI-_ 
liiun N<?ville, earl of Kent. Oranlo of t 
uiunurn of Ctvute, llondeawotth, and Me: 
in HiainirdahiK, formcTly belonging 10 tli 
I.nnra»trjan Jnmnf llutlcir, oarl of ^ViII)llli^ 
rn.v.], wmn fotlawitd, and on 14 Jiin<^ 14fi 
I Wrott<i»loy WM one of IhoK to whom Wai* 
wick wu allnw«d to alienate nanon and 
I cactlea,atthougIttheiiT«t«nIaniiughlbdiMiR 
I to the crown. W rot t«eley joined Wanridc 
' In his a1 tempi toovtirthrowihe Woodvillea, 
and nh^in in 1471 the kintr-ninknr r««lored 
Hnnry VI, WrottMlvy viih put in coinroand 
oft'alais.nKtronghoIdof thcNi'viUm. .\ft4r 
\\'amick'> dofnat and death al BnmRl on 
H April. Wrottcalcv aurreudi-rpd Oalai* to 
Edwnnl IV on eundition of a Inw panhiii. 
He died iu 147U, and ia said to hare bem 
burinl in GreyfHars Chujcb, I.ondon. By 
I his wife Jane, daiightar of Willinni Baton 
' of Heading, ho left two »on« — Itidiard, w' 
auccandi^d 1iini, and was ahtniS' of StalTo 
shim in I4it2-S: niid WiUinm — and ihn* 
daughlcrn. iliidcsci-ndajil, Sir Walter Wrot- 
tolcr [d. \Wi), wan civated a banMet on 
'A» Auf;. \<iVi. und the Mvenlli baiuuet, Sir 
RiohHrdWroitt>slvy <>/. 1700), dean ofWoi* 
center, was grandfather of John, Sni buou 



<rat- 
ntsfV 

Ma, 
c. 

len .1 

i 



HW 



rott , 




Wroughton 



169 



Wroughton 



WtottMlej" [Me ViVKnrmtsj, Joux. wcond ' 
Bards). 

|Thn hiMiorr of ih* WrvilMlo; funiilj in iKe 
Goiiciilugi*t<ialycJil«ii(U(l90a]ioili«ru<irivnti!i 
(wDiDtj. Bm nlw Diit. MS3. Comin. itli Ilpp 
A|>p. tip. 339. 3tl : ma alM Blai-kV Cat. A>h- 
ioo1m.>MS.S.; A.ldiu MSS.5521 f, 2W 4, 33005 
f. 1(HA; Cil. Patent Jialla K<!<rnrd IV. r^l. i. 
puiim ; W«rkirortli» Ciitoii, (Cnmden t>(j(*.),ji. 
Ili Poton Li«lt«m. il. 37-. I.KIK or ShmlTa. 
IW8; Fal'^sn's tliruii, ; SJimw'b 8taflijrJ-hir», 
it. 2M: J^imin*'* Bibl. StalForiliciKiii : Udibr'h 
Warwick Ui« Kintmnkcr; Burkn'i Pccngc, 
1869.] A. K P. 

WROUGHTON, ItlCHAim (ITW- 
ISa^i, Bcior, Ixirii in 17^8, wm hreJ lut u 
•ur(^li in tiutli. mid mtiilt.- uociuioiml uf- 
pFuranciwuu lLi.-stn^>^ if ihut (-it v. Hv vHUio 
(•> l.'tndou. followed b; 11 voimii mill'mnr 
wlio tind fallsQ in love vitli liim, iriii niinu^d 
kim thrmieb • Mvero illnpu, and wbom he , 
miuriiKl. Ili* fint nppcornncu n-u mnde at 1 
CoTKnl Onrdcn on 24 Sept. 170H an Zaplins 
in •ilBliomt't," and not uppEiruiitl.v in Alla- 
monV in tlm 'Fair IVnitiriil' (icW oil tlio 
lSUi),>« all bi« biogra(iberit *tty. Ha wm 
WMi Murine ihe WMon h" TrfMHl in 'tli- 
chanl HI, N'^rpjitAn in ■ Znru,' ('rron in, 
' Mcdna,* AllAtnont, I'or bit iM^ijii-lit, im 4 .Muy 
ITW, ud (leorRi) Hnniwcli. He vof slow 
in ripening, nud lii» curly pl■rf'->nnllIlL•^■^ [ni*^ 
liltle proinim^. By diiiT. ul sbi^vr bunl uurh 
be i}ii<«ilopvd. howHTur, inlo a (.''W'l "CK-r. 
Diirinf ihe Mienleen yMr* iri whifb be ro- 
Bininnd Rt OoTPnt CianJrn ho plajRd the 
principal ports in c^Knndy nnd mnny impor- 
taot ch*racti.-r« in trnit<'dj nnd romantic 
drama. Th«M) includnl Uick in tli« ' Miller 
of Manafidd/ Frrdi^riok in the ' Miser,' Pul^ 
dora in Ihe ' Orpbau,' Cvriu, Monows in 
• Tani«rl»ne,' OlBitdio \a "^Intisurw for Mca- 
eur',' t>>iidi>riiiii. Colonel Briinn in the 
'Wondef.' Mnn-u* in •Onto,' Tli'<"<lo»iu*, 
Oolonel Tamper in ' Ul-ticp i> in him," Flo- 
rinel in 'Winter's Tnk," Itonnrio in 'Vol- 
pomr,' Sebiutiiin in 'iVi'lflb Nij;bi.' Biiek- 
ingham in ' Ilvnnr VIII.' IMInuiy iu'Su!«- 

?'cioualIii)>lwiiil,' llicliTniiiiinn ' Itii-linrd III,' 
onngw Wnrthy in' l^v.A [<ft«i Sliifl.'l.nnl 
Hardy in 'Fun^rnl.' roinn, IWnbi-lkin ' .\ll 
for Lore,' Myrtle in •Conicioiiii Ijiiom.' In 
tlie mmmer* of I7"2, ir7;5, ond unluequc^nt 

jnani he vnu in Liverpool, where be played, 
wtlh other jwrl*. Iaiit, KIoji John, Henry V, 
AnlODy in ' L-nefir l.oi'c, Homeo, l»t hello, 
Lcootof.andL'iTil Towtilv. Bnr/k nt t'ovent 
Garden, ha mui «i-rvi ma Flnminiii' in 'H<?md 
and Msrismnp,' Shorn in '.Tnn>i Shore,' 
AIonroinihe'l{eveM((ir,'Phocionin '(irecinn 
Diiii(;hter,' LuerteB. Pedro in 'Much Ado 
about Nothing,' Onkly in ' Junlous Wife,' 



b. 



Juba in 'Coto," Aimwcll in 'Bcitm' Sirata- 
{[«nt,'l.ard Randolph iu'IhJuglaj.'Lovemore 
Ul' Way to keep him,' Unotunio, Auipbilrroii, 
Caxlaliu in the ' Orphan,' Fuinall in * ft'ny 
of tlw World,' Itomw), Sir (ieorgi? -^'^i 
Henry V, Horspnr, Kitely, Binijiio, l-'ord, 
Tnncivd, Archirr, Lrar, Yonny Mirobd. 
Othello, {'barlM 1, Wellborn in ■ New Way 
ta pttv Old IkhU,' Jnflier. Protem in 'TwoJ 
Oeiillemen of \'eronu,' Daruley, lacbima*^ 
Tru<?wit in ' Silent Wuuiun.' Colonel Standard, 
Evander, Plain Dvaler, nnd AiMiuantii'. 

Among; wry many nrijfiniil part* wltich 
Wmnghlon eiiacird al CTorcnt (inrdfin.only 
thn followina call for mention : Princti 
llenry in 'Henry H. Kinaof Kutrlnnd,' by 
Bnneroft orMouiilfort.oul Mny I77U: Lord 
Luvemore iu Keunuk's' iJuellinC ' on 'JO Nov.; 
Elidiirii* in Mason''' ' C'aratlaeiis' on tS Doc. 
I77ii; Fnr! of Somirset in ' SirTlioniosOver- 
btirv,' nltrrtid from Savnge h_v Wiimlfnll, 
1 tVb. 1777: DouslnA in Hnnnnh More'* 
•Percy,' 10 Dec. 'lbi» wu« one uf Wroiijih* 
ton's beil pnrli. About this lime be leema 
to have joined Arnold iu the proprielorohip 
of Sadler's W^llx, but be Hild his sl-.nre somu 
twelve yenr* later in 1790, He continued at 
. Corent (iarden niOrlnndo in Hannah Morn^' 
I ' I'^atnl FnUeJiood,' 6 Mav 1 778 ; .'iir ISi^orKQl 
Touehwood in .Mr».(;owtcy'ii' Belie'iSimtn- 
([em,' 'SJ Veil. 17W); ICuvmond in Jojihion's 
■Count of Nnrbouiie.'- 17 Nov. 17t*l, and 
I IJon Carlo* in Mrn. Cowltjv's 'Bold Stroke 
for a Hmband; S.'t Feb. Mr^. 

In l7Sa-7 Wroughton diwippfiired from 
the billi, liii pnrlii at t^ornnt Onrd^n Iwinjf 
aisifrnwl to Fartrn, and on 29 Si-pI. 17B7| 
aa IJouftlas in ' Percy,' he made his first np- 

tearvnce ul Ilriirv Lane. For the time beiuff 
e repbicetl John Palmer tl7i2?-l7Df*i[q. v.], 
but liQ prnclically remained at Tlrurv l.ann 
for thn rmt of hi« career. He played with 
the Dnir* l^iuie company al llie Haymarket 
in iril2-!l ChnrUa Wurfane, ('li-rimnnr, and 
other parts, and at Uriiry ljin<' enlnrRnd Uis 
repertory by many new cliarucier*. iiieludiiiK 
the (Jlii)!il m 'llamlet'and lliimlel himself. 
King ill" flenryl Vundin'Kiehard 11 1,' An- 
tonio in ■ Merebant of Venice,' th..- St ranpir 
in ' Doiiglaa,* I>naDl¥*, Jaque*, Careleaa in 
* Donbbi Dealer,' Janiies, Tnllu* .\iifidiiui, 
Mnedutr, Mo<Mly in 'Country tiirl,' Heiolto, 
Belarim, Kent and Wgarin'Leur.'Sir Peter 
Teaile, and Leonulo. Mo«t coii«]>iouauii 
among liia original charui'ters were Ouuiei 
in Iterlio Grealbead'a 'lie^'ent.* I April 
I7S8; Polycnry in Cumberland's 'Itnjiosior».' 
2<i Jan. 17rtfl; IVrinnder to lIic Ariadne of 
Mrs. Siddons in MurphT's • ItJval Si*t*r*,' 
18 March 17B3; CharW lUleliffe in Cum- 
berbiuj's 'Jew,' 8 .\pril 1791; Odoarto 



Wroughton 



170 



Wulfhcre 



I 



Oaktti in ' I-jnilJA Oalolli,' imitrlaltyl bj 
' TlMnpioii friim laming, I^M IX-t. : l^nl Seo- 
titit« in Ciunb<-rlnnd> • Firal Ijovw,' 12 Moy 
17Vi>: FiuluirdinKin('olmaii« 'In»iCtii!«t,' 
15 March 17UG: Ununtifn m Mim l^u'o 
'Mamjia: -JO April. M.ndovillc in JUry- 
noId^K •Will; 111 April 17Sr7: and Btri 
I{i>|fink]d in ' Mouk ' LvirU't 'Cullv SwO- 
tn.-; U Ihc. 

In ITDS liR n-tircil fmin iha «Ugv ani) 
eMUecl in italli, but in 1HK>, nn llio dnnth 
of Jakn I'aluu-r und tin.- illncM of Ailtln, 
inABvwcr loaniniitatirni oflbi? Llrur^- I.anu 
muia^Riont bv came bnok, aiid nas wwd 
in B ni-ir t^nan of pans iDcluiliu^: Don 
I'bdroiiitindnin'ii' Antonio,' lA Dec. ISOO; 
l*iuvt»t in SothnbT'* 'JiilinD and AgnM,' 
^l> April IIWI ; Cwmir Jliibi^ni^ki in l>i> 
monda 'HLToaf ibf Nurtli.' tu Feb. 1^)3: 
Manrice in Cobb'« ' ^Vife of Two UusbaniLi,* 
1 Not.; Sir Itowland EiifjIisU in llolt'a 
' IjbmI V.B livn in,' Si) Pec. I8(M 1 Ituhbamr 
in Tobina 'nfinrymoon,' :tl jaa. liW»; 
Conrad in Tbmdan.' Hook 'x ''rnk#li,'34 Not. 
1806; and Cu'lesiina in 'Monk' Ix'w'n't 
• VeBoni,' 1 Dttc- l«lt?. Uis rt-tum did link- 
good t/i Lit reputulioii, and befure \iv finally 
qiiitli^ lli« Mlagu lie WU4 cunijik-lnly worn 
out. 

On 9 Jlnrcli l^l'i Wmiifibinn {^ve to the 
atafe an ultcrntion of ' liidinrd II' witti 
•dtutious froai olUrr.pluy* of Hbnki'tpoarc, 
in wkich L» did not net. Uu 10 July lUltt 
b« acl^ (lis old part of Witbvrs iii Kcinie^y's 
' World.' Tbig WHS bin laul pvrfonuanoe. 
On 7 Kt'b. 1823, nt llif r^piituil ogfl of wventy- 
feur, he died in Howlniid Siri-ir, l.«ndnn, 
I«aviuK behind htm n nidon-, niid wnit buriod 
in Si. Oeorjtu'B, UlDiiinsbuty. 

WroiigUlon n-u» u-Lnt Mi(.'b(i(?I Kelly call* 
him, * n "lerliiig, »uuiid, iiirI H-iuiblu ]>er> 
fanner.' I Hi pirion wn« Imd, b*' wtwkiiot'k- 
linonl. Ilia fui^n wnt round and ioexprvMive, 
and bin voice wiu not good. He bad, tunr- 
uv«r, on eaiy unU unrmbarroMod carriafcn 
and di'piTtuient, urns never on'otiiiivi', and, 
tUoiigb hn rarely reui'bed {(nMitnevi. ■eldum 
cank into in^pldity or dutnens. lli> wim 
alvroya perfect in )ii§ part4, iitdi^rniigablH in 
induftrv, and wholly fnit from afiWlalioo. 
WronKUtan wrk n clntc friend nf Itnnnister; 
tier wore -ijioki-n of u* I'ylnd'M and On-nles. 
I A porlnul of WrciuKbtoti by Vi' Wilde. 

! as Sir John RmTtesn in ■ .\11 in the U'ron^i.' 

I lain tb« Mulli'<WM'u!lM'tiou in [lieGHrricii 

^^_ Club. A mexio porlntit. hy llubL'rl Lauri-? 
^^B ■(tor K. Dighlon nn* piiUiahcd in 17711. uiid 
^^B thorv are wverol porlrnili in cbaractur in 
r Bell's • Bril iak Theatre-.' 
^^ IGmaat'* AmoudI cf iba Uugllab B^i^p ; 
^H Ttiaairial Obatrrer. Dublin. 1813; Boadsn'a 



Lif* of KemUs ; Usoilaa'a Uf* of Xm'ittt 
tient. Ha;. \SSS, i. 381 ; CUrk Rawrll* K^ 
pPcMatMiro A«toia ; Krilj'a ficaiaianM** ; 
MoDiaIn of Hsmba; Candid bmI Impartial 
ftirii'tiirMon thtPcrfomura boloafiat la Dra^ 
I«ne. Coioni Cardrs. naJt Um Hajmarkaii 
ITUAi a-rmt Hittury vf Ibe Omm Koam; 
Thckjiiiin Dici. ; Era Alwanacfc. Tsnon* yeara.] 

WULFHELM (d. 1U2), archbisboB of 
Cant<Tbiuy, auccccdcd Atbolm [q. v.] as 
biihou of U'elU, when Atbdm wo* pro- 
moted lo Cauteiburj in tfU, and on tbo 
doalh of Athelm in 923 mcoeedcd him in 
the primacy. He crowutd Atlul»tan at 
Klnt[>inn in 024. nnd in or abotit I>27 Widiit to 
Itomcfor hiipnll. In IhnlawfpiiblUbtd at 
Onretanlea, or Urnloly, in llatnMbiiv, .Albel- 
sinii speakti of baring hod the coiinjal of 
Wulfbelm, Ilia name in nmonj; llioaa «i- 
roLled Hi Sisliop Cyne^vuld'a rrqueU Hiiy>pg 
the confraternity of 81. Ciall in 9St>. Ad^ 
tnrd, N biogmpber of Si. Dunatan, in «*j iag 
thut Dunitan Mayed >oinp (innVilb .\tlwlB, 
who wu hi* uncle, and wai introducnd by 
him lo .-Vtlu'lulnn, prubablr confiuoa .Albttlu 
wilL Wulfhetm, lor Allielm died befoac 
Duiulan'a birth. Some e.vtont Tvraea, ad- 
dwawd to Wu1fh('tni,utv belietvd to have 
baen wrillan bv l>im«laa. Wtllflwlai died 
on IS Feb. MS. 

{.\.->i. tniron. K. anil. 9SA. 5J7. F. 017. aiL 
PluDiiiiar i Flur. Wig ao. 931 : Tbcrpe's AD«i«at 
III*!, i. ISI. 19a : SiubWa Beg. Sncr. Ansli&pp. 
Si-a^ MranarlaU nf Dnwlao, i.p. S6,»M (Rolii 
S4,t).] W. H. 

WUUHERE (d. G7ft), kinjc of lli« M«i>- 
I'tuns, wua the accond irf ihu tivo uma of 
IVuda [i|. v.] and bis queen, Cyncawitha. 
Aftar Petidtt hud been slain In' Oswy [q. r.] 
nttbnbHTcleof Win«au(]Md'(lA^~ur.&G6>,- 
^^'llIfb('^e was kept in bidtu^ by Metcaan 
I'aldormcD loyal to the Mercian roTa) faouae. 
In ims tli«Mi raldomum, Immin, Kafa, and 
Kndbert, row afiainul Onwy in favour of 
Wulfbere, and e^Iubliah■.■d him ai king of 
Men-Ill (Bei>e, JJirt. i>x'!. bk. iii. ch. xxir.) 
Wulfherv wuH already a Christian, banag 
nomibly n«eiv«d the fnith ia Krni, wbeia 
he nought bilk wifo txirmcnhlld, a ChriMiaa. 
Ilv in ili'ir.rilH'd by ibn cbroniclRni an 'ib« 
fifiit of ihn Mercian kinga to be banlUod* 
(FlOR- Wm. ill Man. Hut. Urit. p. 037). 

Wulfbere'j Ursl alep aa kinp waa to lake 
lU(^ans fur tbe cutiijiletion of IM converrioa 
of Mercia,lbii"C'iniiniiingllie workof t>swy. 
nnd giving unity to Mcrrian biatory. Trum- 
linrc, abbot of (tillin);, who was ronwcraled 
at Lindi>rurne,naibiahopi)f.McrciBfr«m658 
lo 6B:;, being succeeded by Jarumnn, whoaa 
ppiijcopal rule lasted Crow WUuitHJi. Jam* 



:i 




Wulfhere 



171 



Wulfhere 



wtm Wiilflii'M's ri({lil ti«n(! in •■itf iwiinK 

Uft'Cliriiniiu ^iih i.lir'>ii|;h>>iit Mi-niU uiitl 
all ihoM' Iiuidt irhich v/wtv undi^r Altroiaii 
ni]». Bed ttto hcnilicn rcactiou amutif,' tit'? 
dapcadmt KMt-ttexoiu wait itaycd by iiia 
fmMbing fBsDB, Hut. Heel. iii. 30;. Hon 
comptiitB WuIfLi-iv'!* asci^iKleucy ov»r Eimix 
nntthuve lj»eii U shown bvbis mIr Ii> Willi 
fq.v.] of ill* E«tt-Su[On baihopric nf LiindoD. 
Th« Souili-Su(on*r«CGivcdtho(aiililhmugli 
Wulfhire, who will aponinr li> their kiujf 
lithclwold nt bopliam, WuLfliere joinwl 
wlib Wilfrid in Miiidiiig to Sumvh hopjis, 
tbe mMa-priv6t, ivliofintbspiif«'JllKTSt>ul!i< 
8MUI1H. l*i>liiicallv and <<ccl«iniwti(tklly 
W«iriwrv laid the foiindttiflti* c( tho Mrr- 
ci»n taprt-tnatj of tlte I'ollairJDft cemlury. 
(.'pou tho death ar-lnrumau, WuUherrulnnl 
topcnunda St. WilTiid Iq, r.], iWi in n;- 
tLnumifit at tCipuo, t'l tu.'v«jit ilie Mercian 
bUlopciu. but faili>il(£l>Dirs f'ila H'Ufndi, 
r. 14^ FiaollT, St. Chad [q. v.] in WO iv 
tx\\ei tlw bisliopric of ibo llRreintt* and 
I.indinirnra^ tOBr-tb«r with tho p'^ '^"^ 
Wulfbrn-'oflnndforo mtumaltTj' ttt".\dl{ur- 
vie* in LindMT, usunily iili-tilitiwl mtb Itar- 
low ID Alwuud. Lii]i.'olni<liifi>. Cliud luos'i-d 
the M« to Lii'li livid, wli«t« lie died and vm 
bafivj in iSii. Winfnlh [q. v.], Chad'* 
SBCccMor, wbo nppoivd HioodoroS guicnl 
acbena of organiiuiiion of the chuick ia 
En^Und, and apecially uf his ii^eme of 
nlitting up tllU grelil Mi'iviun liiucrsu iiilu 

nve tM)c|Mflidiiut hwb, wus drpiwed bv Tlit'O- 
ji>n! in 67fi, tlit- vtuir uf \\'ull Iiere'a i^i^ath. 

Polittcdlr, Vi'ulfhi'te'c mlAbliBliinvitC ni 
kini! show en thnt ili«re wvru limil* to tbo 
Korthnmbrinn nnirlDidship. llo rnmniiKid, 
bimvRr, on prxid trrtD* with Oswy, uud 
OODOptcd his din^clioii. liut Liiidsuy iv- 
naiQcd a ■tumbliiig-blix.'k bvtwtfeii Jlprcia 
•ad NortLunibrio- In *i-'ii Wulflicre tv- 
gaincd il from Udwy, but boforeOZA l^friib 
of Xonbumbria, C.ttwy's socceHior, recon- 
qtuMd it (Bcnr, ItUl.' E--el. iv. 12). .Apart, 
aOWSTCT, Irom ihrin dialilrtinnco nalo Liiicl- 
ttrj, Wulfhcn* Dititudu to Nurlhumbrin 
■vnt 00 tbti wliole friondlj. Tbi.- tioliiicid 
hiatocT of tbe nign oenlrM round Wulf- 
beK'anoaiilitylutliertsinKpairtrof Wmsox. 
•giiiut which be vst&blwnt'd « coiiotcn>oi«o 
in >n alliiinco with iho petty slntf* ni tha 
fouihw^nil. In 66! ho dr.lpntpd thn kinK 
of W««««!X, L'oinwnlcli, nt !'oiKiili'*bjrig 
(P Pontoabuij'), in Shrops birr, mid bud the 
oOnalTj wiulp ILS fur aa Aahduwu. Tbuu, 
erouiinK Bid wanting' Wpmwx, \iv took tlie 
Itleof Wigbl and th«i land of the Meaowartia 
(Bbdi. it, I.t; ' .\n«ln-Sfn,in Chron.' ill 
Man. Out. Brit. a. 317 ; I'lnr. Wiff. in Man. 
HUt. Brit. p. 131). ilc fcave ^\igbt niid 



til" Iliad of the MeniiwBriit tflhU clovi allv, 
ICihi-In-fild, king of tbe SLtutb-Saxou. fn 
flT-'i h<xiiilitin(w«n)ranaw«id, and abaitbt at 
tttdiuihenfda (Beadaohnad.^) irraa ttmg\%t hc- 
twcnn Wulfhero wid Wvuci lEraELweKD 
in Mon. IlUl. BrU. p. COCi; Flob. Wle. in 
Mwi. HUl. Urit.y.lAiV Wulfb«n>ewBlly 
eulswed ibe bon]*'r« of Mitv-is; the laud of 
tho WeKt-lliTjinni wiu ^iiliject. to him. nnd 
lu> pliuvd hii broi !icr Mprcwnldaamb-n^gnluii 
over it (l-'l.uu. Wis., App. in Jfon. i/u(. 
Brit. p. (W8). 

TbH cbroiiiclen Rlnrify Wulfhi-ru aa tlw 
fril^nd of the church, but hi- wus not alvaya 
adiwnten'Siedoiie. He miw ibe importaiica 
T« lh« •'tnl» of ibf cbiirch ad tho grMlMt 
civilising sjiii'nt. Tfaiu bn planted Ohrift- 
tianitvwhimirrrlLRCottquurrd. lIoaup]KirI«d 
bin biabopa li> his utmoal, tliouffb be •nrm*, 
iibe Ilia Inst bishop. Wiiilritb. lo hwe aomw- 
wbal niixtniali'd ili(? broad ichvinea ofTbeo- 
dori^. In uddilion 10 bis fouadstioo at lUr- 
row be, lof^ibvr witli hi» brother Ethelivd, 
founded a inonafit^iry for their tUirr Kino* 
butvB, who had mnmnl Alchfrith, hi 11 g of 
thcNoTthumbiiaiii.butaftermnbitAounnd 
tho world- WulfhcreV othur aUt«r, Kino- 
•witba, nl*i> tutertd the Niioe inonajjt^Ty 
(_1''lor. Wio. in Mim. Uitt. ttrit, p. 8S" j 
ef. Hi. Appeuflit to FLf<ii, Wio. p. 629). 
This moDaJktvry, Hinhop Sliibbi rnnjoctuni*, 
wna nt (Minor. Tltn clal)oriilo alory of 
Wulf brri' ■ coniii'ctioii with Mcdcchuiuiteile 
(l'i-lnrb()rouf[hp iLi-ma lu be mainly the in- 
Ti^nlidU of tba l'cl<'rboroii);k rhruuiclBra 
('Anglo-Savon Cbroiiide' in Mvit. Hint. 
Brit. pp. S13-1IJ; ef. Hrno CtMUnta in 
SPARKr:, Jluloriit A'li/liranir Si^plona, pp. 
-l-u, 6-7, nnd art. SjtxLt.r). The onekmiol 
of fnci i* ibnC Wulfhirv did help the nbbvy 
of MiMbahnmsti'di-, MoTcenlirplyU-jifiidnnr 
is the no-DUiit of bin connfclitin with tba 
nbbify of St. I't-lvr's ul OhucMter (ffuf. ft 
Cartulttrinm .Moiwtf'rii Glvvrritriir, I. Ixxii. 
-1): and another riibiilnus nTtrihnCion ta< 
Wulfhere j« tb« foimdniinn aboni 1170 of 1 
C'illi'gi" of wniilnr cnnonsai Stone in Slnffiird- 
ahiri> (lltiatui.t, Monaslicon, vi. ll'tt-aOl. 

Wulflicrc died in tiio, aud woa auooivded 
by hia brothi-T Elbi^ln-d. lit- luarried li^ 
looiiliild, dttiigblvrof Rtconburtof K(fut,BCi 
of Sexbiirica (d. OROF) [q. V.l, sad had o 
ROn, Cuiored, and on« dauKbt«F, Worbu^ 
[q.v.] 

[Dtda'a niRloriH EpclesiKatica, cd. PlumaiM', 
blu. iii. ohapa. T. 31, St, SO; bk.fr. ehH|ia 3. IS. 
13, 11; Anglo-i^on ChroD„ ttnr. Wii;., Itfury 

of IlmilinuTon, nil in Monun.ini* Biiioricn Fri- 
tiuiiiit'n- Kdiltui'ii Vil.i Wilfndi ia [liilorinna 
of tho Chnreli of York (K.iil» Surir*), vol i. ; 
IhigdaV* Hoaaatison (HuIIb Str.), nla. i. anil 




I 



I 



Wiilford 



171 



Wulfred 




«i.lK«niMa'iiCoUi I^ploniatieiKrcil.T.: Hsko 
CksdidiKpp. 1-8.31. ed ^>uka; fiict-orCtmi- 
tkn Biogr., urliclo* 'Wulfbu*.' -Supir.' siiJ 
■PMdn; Urvtn** JJskiuS at KiitUn'l, pp. 
300-8.] U. T. 

WIILFORD or WILPORD, lt.\l,l'H 
(M7ti?-14dB),pret4!n<lct', born ahout 1479, 
U described in 'Fabvan'a Uironicte' a* MD 
or a cuirlwainer in London, anil lie ms not 
inprobablv a in«aib«r of ibi- ly>udoii ami 
Kent familf of Wilford [cf. art. Wii.roiiD. 
BiK 3iiti>y lie rrwmbl'-* Lambert SimncI 

ti{. r.]in tMobariirilTnf hid origin, and, Iik« 
iimncl, lie wa* one ot the looU uW bribe 
YotluBla in tlicir ciiitfuvutini lu ovuit&row 
Henry VIL Lik(> Simii^l, TfK),b<^ waa mado 
Ui por*on«tc llie I'lor! of Wanvick, »tdMt Km 
of tcdwaril tV'alirnlhi'r.ihcDiiknarClaNnoe 
[•RT KdwaHu, 14'-> 14R9J, lIi»u^h.a«cordinff 
to FaWan, \VilforJ onlj- 'avminci-d himnelt 
(alMlhtiiioiiurliFirloilipKurtuf Warwick's 
lands' {ChrvnicJr, p. lisij)— an ab»u^l •lati^ 
jotnx in rinn,' of lhi> focI (lint, Warwick wna 
not iDore ihan four ynar* older than \V'ul- 
ford. Wiiirord wm ndiic«lod for tliu purt 
bj onv I'ntiick, mi Auilin frinr. and in 1-IU8 
ruuoiirs n-t-n! aiirvad abroad thai ibnt 7«nr 
wa« lihelv <•> m oti<* of |,irat dnn^r for 
llpnrj Vl( ( CVri. ftfate P'lpr-rt. Spnniih, 1. 
206). Wulfcird bt-jrnii to rcmfide to vuriouH 
pvnoni in Kt-nt — the tenie of Wuibwk'» 
cnrl^ attoicpts — that h« wu» the retil I'.nrl nf 
Warwick. ilMiry VII hsd, liow^v<>r,lMriit 
to bu [iromplin dcialin^ niiJi iirRtPndrrii.iuid 
bnforo ihf cAnniiratoni coiiM lake detiiiilv 
•ctiaa btrth Wulford and bin jin-cirptor wi-p? 
snvsted. Wulfurd was exvcul^l on Sbrovc 
Tuewday, iS Feb. Uftfl-fl.and Patrick «ra» 
inipriaonvd for life. 

[Fftliy»p« Cbron. pp. C8.»-0; llaU'a Chron. 

6 43(1; PoljJorn V«i^d'« Hiilorln. p. 770; 
ii-unV llrnr)' VII . I.iiignnl's Hint, iif liiigUind ; 
Bupcli'a l^ii|tljii»l iiutlvt tliu Tudurr, i. 1I9'20,] 
A. F. P. 

WTTLFBED (rf. 832), urelibi.hop of Can- 
terbury, tint appMr« n8 nrchdmcoii uudvr 
Archbiabop Klhn]hnrd[i|. v.] Ilv bad largn 
••t«t«a in k«it. Slid wo* prnbnbl^a Kcntlnh 
Kaa(,Beelesuutkal VocuiiifTiti.M. 6B1). He 
waa CDfuccrnted in Cnnti-rbury at tho limi' 
oif the council of AeU in 805. probabl.T wrly 
In Augitel {i6. p. n59), and lhi> ii*it vmrrtf 
Mived hi* pall. B.fom lonjt lio hnd utmii- 
dtsngnwmi-nt with CVnwiilf. kiiia of -MiTCia. 
Tbnugb C'ulUrnd, who had n-if^ied lu Kent 
in dvpirndftocu on Mi-rciii, wti* succeeded in 
807 by Unldred, wiili whom tbi? orcliliishop 
WM on frivndiv lernn, Ccnwiiif virtually 
ralod thekiiijrilom, andwiwdcmbllriuji-'nlous 
^ tj*^ "fc'ibishop"* political inHueniw, for 
Wul&i'da widu pa«wiuion» rendered bim 




ptcsliatlv pow«/iil; hu pwitioti ia illa>- 
trated bv I Imi Un tlial his ooina aw bo«, like 
lliOM> of'hii ptvdcttator, aiuiimd on ifae i»> 
Tvmo vith tbe naiiM of the Mpreian king. 
Ccnwnlf evidnitW ngardod hi* favevr aa 
ilangi'roua to Um M««cian nafivmaex, and un- 
•crnpulously att^mptrd to coanterWUiaM it 
by attackinfT tha mctiopalitaa aiw. TlMir 
difuifrre»nieat bad ceach«lihee«raof l<«illl 
in SOS, who refer* to it in a le«t«r to tW 
Emperor Charles ihu Onki. (Jfwnumfltla 
Varotina. p. 8I8I. In 8U Wulfred, •CCOM- 
pani«d by Wi^begn, biabofi of WincbMUv, 
went to nam*, probaUj to npraent hi* 
caiine to the popr, rrha my bave UTUigcd 
■attcn.forint^ltiOFiiWulf waapra««n( at a 

Ciaci«lc«iUicilMdby WuIfr*dat<Thel«a. 
QDUncU ira«Ut«nd«d by all tbi- biilii>p» 
of tbe Mnthern pravinor, and lUfven canana 
wpriT arrond nnon {Eeirt. li^aatuittt, MS. 
.S7H-8S). 

In 817 Onwolf wited tlw> monniitmir* 
of Minita- in ThaoM and 1U«ul<nrT. wbiefa 
belonged lo lhi> church of f 'nntcrbiiry, and, 
in oi^rr lo dcifcat Ibc archbiibop's rvai»- 
tance, laid false diargea agaiast liim beforo 
the popi^. In «aui«]uenm, according 10 a 
contruiponiry document, for wx yean (817 - 
82'.;)*lh« whole Kn^liih nation wrrc dcjiriTed 
of primnnliol autbnriCy and tbe miniatry at 
holy haptixm' [H. p. fiW); tiie WOrdt H« 
duiibllfis rhetorical, for no otber ooticw of a 
virruid interdict of so tremeodou* ncbaractrr 
is known lo exiM. A* it waa from Canlrr- 
bury thai bfiiiiiBm Rnt cnme to the Enijjlisb, 
nnd the urbbiHhap nan ibe bend of national 
(.'liiinliitDity, it Becins piabable that tbi« 
puiiliiig iwti<eiic« really mMM thai durioc 
thripragrenofthAquarrcil WulfrytdwafiiBOte 
or Irm viavontad from oiprciiinK hia autho- 
rity, eitlier by Ceiiwulf's Irranny or by lb- 
pope duriug the examinalinn into tlie iing'» 
charges ngainM bim. WiilfVvd evid«nlh tv- 
prpscntcd bin innncenrn to the pope wra Uw 
Ktnpi-ror Lewio^ who iivm to bavo Mnmncd 
hia cauiie. Their inlerfciretice cnn^d Cm- 
wulf, who, about ^JO, cited the aivbbialMp 
lo anptinr bofore bim at n witvnat^miot at 
l^iOndon, and dcnianded that lw> »liould sur- 
render anucber »t«ic and pay a fiDe, in 
which case be would n'llbdniw the cbarp* 
(hnl he bad made against him, thrcat«niM 
ihnt if hcrofiiiMd hn would cOiiifiacatc nllbia 
prnporty, would hnniih him from ttie land, 
and aeTM receive him b«ck ag«in, ■ either 
for pope or emperor or any oiber person.* 
Wulfnxl wa« forced lo anee, but thi; kinjc 
did not kwp hi* word, ai^ atill kept pcoNRf 
■ion of Minster and Id^i^iilver. 

Cenwulfdied in b2l'. and Ceolwulf, wba 
became king in that joar, appear* to bare been 



« 



I 



A 



VVulfric 



«73 



Wulfstan 



fnendlf lo WnlftwJ, for lu" made him a s^nt 
on bu cOTOoBliou. Tbe estates of which Ota- 
wiUf lu<l ilMpoilvd the ftfO pnMe'l I<J bis 
tlvigbler, tbe Abbra* Cnvntbrvth. Wiiifr<<cl 
daiiMd thvta at * council lu-\A at Clnvrshn. 
»pp«mill5 in f^SS, bv liromwuir, ihu *uc- 
MMor of (Volwulf. t'weiitlirylli tart tlie 
orcbtntkop. uid prom i Red to surrender the 
Wtatet, ^lieu ID b'M lliu Merdan uower 
wsa on ilie ere of li^ oierthrnw by Lu^rt, 
the W<>«l.-.SAXQn kioKi Mid the frioodsbip of 
ibe nrclibiikhop wnx nf r^pf cinl impoTtAiiCP to 
the ItloKion IcinK. Ikomvriilf hold nnotlu-r 
council tit Clovejiho in which hi- cnuied Cwi'n- 
ttu^th to reBloro ihejiropiTiy of tlic >ee 0*. 
pp. G94, OOtt-eOl). Ill ripitt- of Ibe frieiidly 
nbtiotu Ihat sM>ni to have evUiud belwoeo 
Wiitfi«d ftnd rUldrod, ibn nrcbhifthop probft- 
blrwttlcomad thn iiiriuicin of Knot br tho 
VtmifSuttm fonm, for wbrn linldrccf wru 
flaoinji hoforp tbem hu ((niiitcd MiiUinit to 
lh(? iMCi aa tbuush lu purchsMr Wulfn-d'o 
ffood wilL Wtdlred was uu |{i<ud terms n itb 
Kgberl aiidbis sou .'Htfaelwulf. IIb di«d on 
'i* March r^13. lie wu a man of fiingiilar 
Cnnra^ and no nmnll politicnl ability. Ko 
far ai may bo jfntben'd from tlip rniion* of 
(liL- ciuacil of 81(J, he nppi-nri lo have bt-eu 
pioiu, and he wiui a libi^nil bL-uvfaL-lur to liis 
eburcJi. His will in its knonn form was 
dnwn np afler hi> death, uboiit S-'iS (lA. p. 
fi67, KsHiiLn, CotUjT fJi/il. No. iVi). 

[Ail that in known of Wulfrrd vill Iw found 
inltwIdaDand Stubbii'* lu>?1 UwumDol*. nod 
in Komlila'a CoJci Dipl., to «hii:li mfi'i^nrc* 
are niaJ* alHira.) W. H. 

WULFRIC callec! Spot or Sprot (<(. 
1010), fijundcr of Itiirlnn Ablw^y, was eon of 
Li-ofwinc, probably a Ihrffn of Kl.bclivd II, 
and hiutM-lf ligna ehnrtiTs a* ' miniiilnr' or 
ihegn. The Basumplion Ibnt his fnther was 
heOffinv. earl of Mercia, aud folhtT of I^'uf- 
ric [q. y.], is iiocorroboraled by any satis- 
factory RTidpncp, and the name I^ofwitie 
WB* •xtmmaly common. Wiilfric liimeolf ia 
soBieliniM, but probably orronmuily, stylcil 
OBldermnn, ttnd I'rilfrniTc'» Miigjtf.iiion th«t 
ht vn» mtdDrmnn of Lniieiinlvr ii liRied on 
MTVral mincuEioeptiims (1<*iiee:iian. Sorman 
Otonfura^.i. 671-2). Wulfrit: owned lands iu 
nuiy pari* of Kngland, but chiefly \a \\'fi. 
Mprrin. Ili- wna lii!ii-d on IS Slay 1010 
fijifaiiii;! ttKninii the DiitiM at t.bi^ battio nf 
Kinf^Dcre, ni-or Ipiwich. IU- was buried in 
the cluiiilfTs of Burton Abbev, where uUo 
was biiried bin wifq t'alluwilh, who ivrms 
lo barn ptvileceiwidl biiii. leaving issue one 
(lauirhti-r. Thn remains of an nlabnslertiltitU" 
of Wulfric. which is brliernd to have re- 
placed an earlier one, still rxiet nl Bnrlon 
.Vbbej. 



Wulfric made hia will in 1003, givii . 
large portion of liia properly for tbe f<mn< 
lion of A Benediulitie abbey at Buiton-c 
Tntnt. Tlin eii<lowmeu[ 'la eaid Iu bavo 
bi-en ralurd oien at (bat lime at seven kiin- 
dred iKiuncU' (IJuodai.i:, Mmuulii-on, \\\. 8A). 
Elhdred irricbartitrofconrirmjilirm is dated 
lUUl.aud lo obtain it Wulfric paid tho king 
two hundred marks of t^ld.t^ach Bn^bbinbop 
ten, and eaeb bisbup live marks. \\'ulfric^ 
will is nriiited in Keuible'* ' Code.i Diulu- 
maticus (vi. 147-MH, in Thorjie's 'Codyi' 
(pp. 1)43 •m].), and in DnKdnb-'s ' Monosticon' 
(tJ. Caluy. fcllia, and ttandinel, iii. 38-40). 
A «i.\teenih-centurv irnnscrint is in Itritiili 
Museum Stowe MJi. Tt*0, ff.1-3. The ori- 
ginal charter of Burton Abbey bidonga t»j 
tb« Marquis of Anglesey. 

[An|[1o-.>l«inn l.'liioii. ml. Thorpe, i. U43..3, 
ii, IIS: Henry of Huntingdon, p. ITS, ijm. 
Dunplm. ii. 111. BurCon Annals in .\nnalra Mo- , 
DAitin, i. 1&3. ii. 171. Hud Walinr nf Corvni 
(hI! ilinM in ItillH l^<r.] ; Kp^lb]^'f Codex DipliK' 
niiilifus. iii. 333. and Flor. Vi\g. i. IHJ {KogU 
niit. Unc.) ; Cbron. Jnhnnnia RriitDturi in Tirva- 
d«n'» Urconi i>eripliip»<i. col, ggg ■ Tanner's No- 
liliii MuriJialiva- EtdtBWick's SlAflordahire. p. 
311 : Uuntera Dcanory of tJoncutt^r. i. 7. UB, 
\!i2.'l'&\. U07; Slisw's.StitffurdKliir' ; Frvnmnn'a 
Norniiiii Coi]i|iiuiit. i. 347.671-3; duIm from tho 
U.Y. 0. W, .-iiirotl. li.D.] A. V- P. 

W0LF8TAN up Wis(i-iiwri:it (Jt. 1000), 
remilier. wn.i u monk of St, Swithun'n, 
Wiiiclieater. He was a pupil of lliabop 
Ethidwolul [a. v.], and became pri<-st and 

frecenlor (Iliuc'fi, New itiri'ttr, p. M), 
jpland rpTords that he had a fine votes 
{Senjill. Hfit. n. \6X\ and ascribes to him a 
vemifictttion of Lnnferth's work on thn lifo 
and miraolen of St. Swiihun ( fWfcc/. i. 151- 
11)6), from which be quotu larjpdy. The 
work follows on Lanferth's in t ha KoyalMS. 
IC C. vii., the wholo bein^ wrilton in an 
oarly olnvonth-centnry band. It is in all 
likelihood thn Sherborne manuscript whic 
I.elond used. Tho workoponswith n lett 
in huxamelera ndda-jsed 10 .Klflnwh ^q.v ^ 
then bishcip iif WmchesiiT, wherein tho 
writer dwcribtM.'Etfheab'i buildings at Win- 
obesler, and in tmrlicular the urfcau which 
hn made. This letliir is primed 10 Migne's 
'I'atroloifin,Vmvii,rj>I.I07,'ActaS-S.'Aiig;. 
i. B8,nnd Mabillon's ' Acin SS." v. «2f*. Thnri* 
ruUowianotberverse-letli-r nddri'sind to thn 
monk* of Wincbcjiter. printed in Mabillon, 
V. 1531. with two books of the ' Mitiicles of 
Si. 8witbuo,' each eoulainiug Iwenlv-twu 
Hinplnrs in h^nnmelors. Thi'se Iwoooolu 
have nol bron priuind. t 

W'ulfslnn nlio wrote n life of St. Klhcl- 
wold, appuri-utly written in vtwc, tho stylo 



Wulfstan 



1 



174 



Wulfstan 



of vhich Willjnni of Mnlmiubury mifli'ionii 
U tncdincrv(f><-jtr>T liftptm, i.IiJ7 1 i-f. Grtta 
Pontiff, p. AOS). A JTIUM) life, irillioul nu- 
llior's name, Iiob been prinlnd u Wulfnlnti'a 
by Mnliillon r'Acti SS.' v. HOa), aiid bj the 
iMllniiiiiBt? (' Aoia &S.' Au|;. vol. t.) aiul 
Migiiv I' Purmlo^-iii,' f^xxvii. cul. 81 ), liut it 
w »ij cI<h.>1t DJniilnr to ttiol wb'ieli U iin- 
doubtRdl; .¥Xft\ti* (printml in the Ol/mu- 
MR ^ieiiiiHiiie, ii- 'Itih) ihnt it ii> pmliBUy 
■notlrcr vmion of that work. It in taxasf 
wliUloiiK'^r tbiiu .Klfric's, (be iilyle il na 
good u /Elfriu's, aud lL» mPuliun of Wulf- 
ffan , tli« ]i rM^ntor, b v nuine, i> f iiri ht-r against 

llio iilnaof Ilia atillinmVilp. 

Wiliiftni nf Malmojtbiirj'iiJ'crihni to Wiilf- 
■taii n furtliiTWiirk,' Drtonotmo harmnnin' 
(Gertd Ufgiim, i. IS'), nliich uppnnto b« 
but. 

[Authnrities filed.] H. B. 

WULreiAN (</. 1023), nrchbUhop of 
York, « tnnQ of ffood fnmilr, whose tUXet'* 
■ton nni l)rilith#ah (cf. 1038). liisbop of 
Won<t-itpT, i« uid to hate bvi'n brought 
iolo the world by an operation that coet oio 
molher'a lift'. llo wa* n monk, probably of 
Klj*, nnd an nlibnt, Micconded Aldulf 'i|.v.J 
or Bnldiilf u nrchbUhop of York in 'lOtKI, 
nnd.likf hU two jinMlccP.iHir*, held tilt- n-c of 
Wiirofilfir nlouft wilh iho arulibiJiopriir. 
Jii> nnme OMurs m pii-wnl at varioui I'oun- 
dl* nnd mynl ucfa during iho ri'ign of 
Ethi^lrfd thu Unready, nnd *n«cinlly at nd- 
visics the kiiiir at thi3 undntod oouncil hvid 
at Eubam iWii.Ktss, Connlia, i. 28B). 
Cuontv Vtd liim in aMcoiD, and, thu tve at 
Cuit^Tbiiry pmlwbly being vacant nl ihe 
timo, (Miuw^d liim to dtdit-ati^ hia eburob at 
Aehiiigdoa in I-*iue\ in lil^'S. Ho dii^d nt 
York un 'ii May 1038, aiid wnt boviod ac- 
cording to bis roqnoal at Kly, of which 
nODAStery ho wa* a bnndfnctar. When X'nir 
new choir of Ely wru built in I lOli his body 
WM mmoTcd intfl it, Th» jwilora! epistlu 
and tliR ''pintlir ' Quatidu dividis Chrlama ' of 
Abbot JClfric U'- 100(i)rq. t.1 w^ro writU>ri 
for Wulfstan iiiid pi-obnbfy f<^r tho ii»o t.f 
otbpr bishops aim y"S\t"avv., Aneitnt Lairi, 
u.'jij'i-9'i). Wiilfsiiin'!' homiliia, written bfi- 
foiw 1000, hav" httnn mcribcd to thi- arch- | 
bishop, but nnt apparently for any oun- 
vinclnK iviunn, ax tbc^ri' m nothing to ahow 
that their niithor wai in episcopal orden, 
thouKh in.iiHi script editioDS boar dal«s lalvr 
than KXKSi ihcvliave for the Aniitini« beem 
priiUfd by Professor Nnpim- in ' Snmcolung 
c-ngliavlKT DenhmiiW (Bd. l, 18tW>: thn 
uiMt famoiin of thi'm, however, ' I.upiSermo 
ftd Angitw," had pn-viouilv lioen printed with 
ft tmnlation by liwjrge fiicbw [q. v.] in his 



3 

A'omida^l 



•m 



'Thesaiini*.' Archbiiliop Wnl&ian w _ 
not be conflaf^d (as in FnKtraAX, Knrma* 
Cvtt^anl, i. »13l wirh Wulftlan, bishop of 
London, who vas c(>n>ivnli>d in 090. 
[A.-S. Chron E. an. 103.1. rd. Itoanur; FIoi 

Wr>. {. 1SS. I3S-1 (Roiii iiui. .sk.); wau < 

Uolnipibny'B Oata I'ontiff. p. SAO : libtr Blica. 
bI. Strwut. i. 2aS-S : lUise'i P**Ii Ebor. fp. 
Ill^: Rummy'ii Poandalioa of >^wl*nil, i, 
!W. »M, 3W.1 W. H. 

WniiFBTAN. Sr.(101S?-10B5),b;din|. 
of Wopc »tf r, son of .^>h«lMaa nnd W'ulf. 
pfii, people of Dood poaitioa, who both i&j 
Ulnr M* ratvrecTnligKni at WoKi«t«r, n 
bom at Ijvnit Itdiincton, n4«r Warwick, 
or bcfori' 1012, for fan i* dcucrib<>d as past 
fifty in 1002. Aflvr TwriTing his rdamtjitn 
in monuiic tcboob, fird at Kvesham and 
afterwards at IV«Tbo(OUKh,wbemhi<ti'adjirT^j 
was Ervooias, a ilcilfal scribe and iUunui^H 
nntor, who wrote a Mcranuntarr for Caout«^| 

tri-v.] and a panltir for hi« qiw«n bmtaa[q.v.^ ^^ 
X lived for a whib- ai a Inytnan, taltnag put 
iu tbu sport* of other youiis men. Dosi 
103S and 1038 hu was ordained dea«on 
prieat bv Brihtbiwh. bishop of WoroMter, 
wlio lii^ily Mleemed him and iiflVred bin a 
woll-^noowed liTinp near his csttuMjral city, 
A* his mother hod roiiaod in hin a deatreU 
bcconip a monk, hn rpfinuxi tbn offer, received 
tha habit from Itrilitbi^nb, and wlia »lmilt«^ 
n monk of the cilbcdml monnslpry, wlwra h* 
held office first as ethooknasii^r, and aftiiiw 
wards as precentor and sacristan, nnd 6naUy 
as prior under the bisbop. Tie wan distiu' 
guinhnd for his asceticism, devotion, and hu' 
mility, was alwarn rattdy to iniiriict all who 
came to bim, ana vraa wont tojourM^aboM 
th<? countn' bapiUing ihi- children of tluiMar. 
for it IK said that the secular el(t{[y rvftaatd 
to baptise without a foe. 

The prior's virtuon became widely known; 
Godfcifii "r Oodiva [i\. v.l. thp wife of Bar) 
LcoiVic [(1. v.l, «■«» roiich nttarhhl to bini, 
mft&v nobler efiocmvd hioi, and auonff tben 
Earl'nBrold(IO:;2:--10«fl),ufterwaffi ^, 
Aldriid [q. v.], archbiibop of Vortt, havl^' 
been forced by (he pope to womise lo icaign 
the see of ^^'otce«^e^. two legates who were 
in I''ii;[lnnd in 1062 vinitod Worceet<rT ud 
e.vhnricd the cInrgT and poopin to choua 
Wulfstan OS their bishop, nnd, having eeeuradi 
his election there, attended the Enatar im^ 
iug of the wiiun and propoied his pjeetion 
by the a4«embly. Manyspoke in hisfavmir, 
and nil approved ; he was sent for, and on 
Ilia nrrivaf v<'hi>innnlly decUnsd (be offioh 
Hi* objpolion* wpft- ovrrbomi- hv the legatM, 
the nrcbbishopii, nnd fianllj iy a bermit 
named Wntfiiite. He was concoerated t^ 
Ahlred at York on 6 Sept., without maldng 



I 




Wulfstan 



"7S 



Wulfstan 



-profotfioii at ohoA'ivacr to Sti^nrt [q. v.j. 
'wliow ponilion niu i]ac«tj(iat<*l (Fkrmiax, 
Telyiae oa I-ln(mc« of Wnnu-sti-r, iioUU 
that ho mfldn profisKion in STignnd, biii 

CinI* in ua tpjicndix Iiii \niet prufiwiiuii lu 
infwne in which Wulfilnn doclarva Ihu 
4vintrarv, A'dmtiin UxtyuMf, ii. 4lS0, 00'). 

(.D'lrr • pretvnctf of doiugf hint bonoiir, 
Aldtvd Xftt him f.jT some lime in plinrj;'' "l" 
th« churrh ftf Vnrk, ami tnriU lo hirai-lf thi" 
iWTonUi» nf WoKioilcr; nnr wu it wilhniil 
BMU^h iliflicnity that Wnlfstan iH!riiuiid«c) 
Ikimtonsit^ ihp tpmpornlilim <ii tliu nvi; 
iritb thv fw-ytvia of Iwi-lro i-etiitea wliioli 
tlie nrcUliiiilinp iii»i*t'<l oti uiibhuMiii^ (torn 
biia. A" biMiiip, Wulfqinn pretiiBBil ilie 
Muno uci'tiriKin liini. IiaiI mnrlinil hi* ctiHinr 
ILfc; Up wm diliprit in lhi>!Klmini*trntion a( 
hi* diwwM, pontiantly jcomg about from 
plncc lo plocu coufinainjt the youaK- evhort- 
iiifC the p«ipl«, and promotini; church build- 
ing. Hit conui-cliou with ih^ <lio(^e«i- of 
Yiftk tifiaiAeA him to be uiwful (•> Ifnrold on 
hiswcMHonbv hnlping^t{igsin tbi>)illoii^anc'' 
of Ibn Nnrtbiimbrinnii. De mado siihmijuioTi 
ta lb« Conqumir, along with AtdrpJ and 
other gwnt ecdenutin tad IzymPti. at 
IWkhanipflmtL The projxMly of bin (.'hiirfb 
waiinratM bvrn*..4f|.v.]of Abclot.rti-Tiffof 
Worc'-HM", vrliii huill hw cu^tlv ^') tb;il it 
wioiTuirbf"! (in ihi- m>>nMlic cmptiry, nnd 
Ealdm! Inid bin rartp nn thn offcndi'T. At 
the council of 1070, in wbirh mirnv l-inffliih 
p«vUl«swon.- di-privi'd, Wulfatna ^ummidrO 
tliu TMtitutioii ufllLctwclvi'manon unjiLsllv 
retained hj Atdrcil, utiJ then in th-.^ltiii^''- 
Land* dnrin^ ih* facaucy of tin.- (•»■ ■>! Vorl; 
fcy jVldn'd'* d^ath. A dnciii>'>n wum liof.'rrfil 
nntil aiww atchbinhnp had bm-n nppninti'd 
to VotIc Thono* (rf. I lOO) Jij. v.'. ihi- iiMi 
archbuthop, chiniFil Wulfitnn a^ cmc of bin 
snffnu^ns, but the •tM.-of W'orci^tlcr vras dt-* 
clarpil lo ho iuc1ud«d in tho iiouthi^ru prri- 
-vinco. It is piDbable that Wulfstan, who 
Lad •nSnrad frnni thn <A<n» cnnnnc'inn bo 
tWMO hia MHT and thi- >Kbhi9bn]]r!i: tif Voik. 
iinuanthn>idnaf(!iuil(^uiTin thiidliipiitt-. 
Uolh nrchbi<tii>iii soii|{hl to hnvH him dc- 
privi!d, Lanfranc ou the (ground of his i^u- 
TSDce, and Th<iDia« fur iiisiihordinulion lo 
liimitvlf. Nev«Tlhelw»1ii>ki.-nihii«iw. Lat«r 
wrili-M rr-oon! a |i»([wnd T)rhii.'}i rwpiwtwntu ibi' 
Conqanror dcmnndinfi ihn tvsigiintion of 
Wulfstan* paitonil slnfF at n imimftil nt 
W<iimini'l«r; Wulfsinn wnnl to the Con- 
fuoora tomb, and, addmuin^ ilin drud kiuif, 
deeland Ibal be wrould rraign hLi vlaff unly 
lo hita from whon h« had receirwl il. He 
Btrucb b<B Ktnff npon the tomb, laying ' Takn 
it, my iwA king, and e\n it to wboaiannvtrr 
than wilt.* Th« manU opODod to ntcnivc 



' th«> natr and b<ild it fatt, uot could any ru- 
moTo it until n decision had been |;iveti in 
Wiitfiian* farniir, and tlw^ tbi- MalT wi 
yii-Med to itiriBhiful poMriaortAii.iirD, apfl 
TwTSiiBS, i-cU. 105-7; J£(iii, Wiv"(». ii.fiSSt. 
])olb archbishi'ps cvt!ii( uully bi^cntuo Wulf- 

' atariV frivii<!d ; h*.- Iitl|ie<l Tliumu by vi«iliux 

' pBrr<<"iriiiidi'ict«e f.^r tiiiu.uodul Ltufranca 
ivi)iip*t lii'ld, pmliably in 10"2, a visitatior) 
cif ill'' vai"ant, diopi^t.- of Lirhl^''!'), wlwre tbi- 
Norma" powor hnd not vet been i-slnblislu'd. 
In that viair LnnfrLitic olitaini!d n df cTf"- frwrn 
tlw king adjudging lo thf st-o of Worcester 
lli« iwdve toanoni lukm from it hyAMtwI, 
Wnl&tAD inONiaMHl ih<- number of monkii in 

' bi« catliednO mnnaKtery, was catvful and 
ttfmt abnut the performance of dixiae ecr- 

, rici^, punishinjt any monk* wlm rnmi^ in Uli' 
with B slroku of n fnruli- ndministprfd by bit 

' uwn bond, and rrbuilt bitt CBtbcdrol eliur 
b-'lKWu 1081 and 10K>. aupplyiDK it wilt _ 
all ncirvivary fiiruiturv Thp crrpt andaoma* 
othtrpnna iif hia buildiogatiU'exiM. Whi^a 

I it viva c^imjilfto and the church built by 9l 
Ihiwuld had to lMipullodd[>wn,b« wept, mj 
intc that the men ot old, if thi^ bad not' 
stutuly building*, wuie tliesiu'lvni a ancrilico 

. to tiud, whereti' 'ira pJlu up slonca and 

' neglect soula.' lf<* and Iiih moiikrt i-ntured 
inl» a l>ond with nix other mouMfluritw to be 
obndirnl to (ind, ,S|, Mnry, and Si. Benedict, 
to bi' loyal to tho kin^ and qii<^n, and In 
jicrforni crriaiu masM-i and good work*. Hi- 
wus diligent ju hisdiun^an work, nnd, among 
tlit.'maiiV(-biirt'btfH vrbicb h« built or tvttaniil, 
rebuilt f^t. rii-*iiM'» Church »l Wi-albury in 
<:loiicealen>bin* and gave it lotbe inonaatvrv 
of Wome-ilrr. In ciinf<'j»ion s« well a* Iti 
pri'iichiiig b'- was i-xcirlk-nt, and many came 
to Uim for suiricuat din-ction. Hoi* aaid to 
hdvc iiuislcd that lb« manicd cli-tgj- of bis 
dioL'^M^ hboiild t'ttber put awav Ibvir wivM 
or T**[gn tbijir benefice*. WL'dp hi- «ra» ex- 
tivmr]<lv abRlRBiiou* be cnterlarned othiyn 

. lilinnilly, and when not dining with hia 
monki would pn.'«dc in hi* hnll at the fea*l- 

I ing of his rollowL-n, for he armna to ham 

I always had a uuiubtr of amiud mlainert in 
hia hou»ehold, lo wbioh many rich youthn 
vtetv a«nl fi.>r edncatiou. Careful oot only 
forlhn nanta but tb« fnt'liNgs of tb'.- poor, 
ho initriictrd thesp voiitha whom lie caiioed 
to tenr poor people with food to do no with 
humility. He was inueli bnloved liv Noi^- 
mans lui writ an Engliih, and nai on friimdly 
teruia with Biahop GeolTrey of Coutancca, 
who repnroTwl him for llie monastic plainncaa 
of hif" d»»a. Tlio influence of his prvachiiiK 
ia illuatmtad by ila tupcciuint Briatol, wberv 
ihe inerchanta had long br<en in tb" habit of 
kidnapping thuir £illow<coiintryiacii, And 



Wulfstan 



176 



Wulfwig 



indiiil woDK-n alio, and irlling them as tlnrea 
to ilivlribh. Tho Conifuctor harioDtrivd in 
vain Ii> put down Ihia praciicc, WiUfHiaa 
otiea »inlcd the to*n. rtuvinj; lLt■^• two or 
Ikn-e Riontba ftl a timi-, and prettchcii against 
the I'lare tmdo, witL aucli ^ood cDoct that 
the pi^lo culinti? iibAndonirii it. 

UuriDK thi? robellKin of ICPT'i ltd joined 
Vnr. t\ie theritr, in i>allint( nut ihs fcson of 
liii iliocow, and pc»tin|i it no oa to pTerent 
llie rebel Fjurl of Hen-'fcml Irom crowmjr the 
6«\'Brn [nni Fitkosberic, WillixhI In lOM 
beaAfictcdthcconiiuistiout'ni for Worcent^r- 
rfiirv in taking the iUfvej for l)f>m«»d«T, anil 
nt thnt tini« gained s *iiit ngaiiut the abbot 
of KTi'siiain as to tha right of bi« chtircli to 
tluL-liuiuIredofOswaldalaw. Wlient^erebeli 
nndllii^ir WrlnhnllicimaTDbadaj^iiut W'ue- 
fCittr in I0S8, the biHhup, wbo was faithful 
10 ^Villiain ItufuB. aruiod bi» fntlowera, Mid 
stthi-r'-r)utMtortheu[Arriwinto<>kiijihisabod« 
in tbu cnHllu. Willi bi« blrMinBt thn loyal 
troop' mnrctiiHl ti> balilr, and tile (idemt of 
thf rvbtO;! irah att^ibutI^(l to bii anntliema. 
Ut- slriiifiiy ilinnpjiriivwl of tbt- cuHtoin of 
wi^arin^ loi>H bnir, nduptvJ by the vicious 
^om1i« of tb<! cuurl, mid ivbeti h" bod the 
chnnci- would cut ibeir lock* with liwpnclwt- 
knifi:'. Ni'vyrlheiti»,'b"' kingbfld him in Iio* 
noiir, ui did also iho mtblo* gciircnlljr. Irinh 
liinfCiBOUght his favour;. Malcolm III [q.v.l of 
Scotland and bio (]UR«n. Mnr^juri-t (d. 1093) 
{q. V,], di-Mrnd bin priivfre; uiid suiL'-ng bis 
corrmiir-ndi.'iit i< wcTL' [.b(- pupu, llie tirchbubop 
of Rnn, and tliepulriari-bul Ji.T>i«iili~ni. He 
will disiiHIfd by infirmity from nHi-ndin([tbp 
eoniis:tntiuu oi' AnHplm Jq. v.] in Dej^embnr 
1093. Eiirlj in 1091 hi.i decision waa m- 
quiutii'd wllo refi-rencf lo n diipiilu bi-twccn 
Arehbi»hop Aiisclm mid Maunoi.- (rf. 1107) 
fq.T. , biihnp o( Loiiduu, m hi.' was lhi> only 
oni^ [t^ft cif llivold l-:ngliiih frpixcopalo nno 
wax 9kill<!d In tho ICn^lixh eiixtotna: be 
duaidcd in favour of ihn nrchbiahop. [In 
fell aich hi I'ImiIit, and nt W'biiiiuiitiui! tent 
for his friond. UoborL Losin^.i irf. lOilo) 
[q. V.J, bishop of llf^uftird. ouii'Mvd to bico, 
and n><:i!ivi:d till' diHt.'ip1iiit<. i\tthi> birgiuuing 
nf 10th*> Hubf^rt uunin viiilnl bim, and be 
njrnin confi-BBt-'d. Tie di'wl on 18 Jan., and 
wus bi-li«ved at th" ni(iniiilit of his di^nlb ti> 
linve apjiyared lo Uiibop Kobi-rt. who win 
tbpn with lhpkin(rnt Uricliludu in WiltiUirf. 
Ilu TTM hnrird iimid gcnt'nil Innieuliil iun in 
I liii fibiirrh al Worowtor. lie was, so fur as 

I in known, a fuiiltlvss character, and, >>ftvt.> 

I that be kiiL-w no mora than wan abtolnl^ly 

L iieciiMiiiy fur the discbargx of bin dulica, a 

^K |iatt<.-rii of all monastic and of oil irpiscopnl 
^^1 Tirliirsastb^worathcnundi-Titood. Some 
^^M autaclirs and [iropli<.>(;ie.i are attribiired to 



3 



ImnKdiat«Ij ua Ua daUh hm «w 
redtanrd on a aainl, ibowh lew IhAn &&y 
jmn Inter SV'illiam at SUImMbun- co^H 

ElaiuB lliut tbeiikenHlulitvof tliDa^uighn^l 
is luiru-uIoiiB iiownr. He Was canoois^^ 
b; liiaiK-vut HI in VJ03i hii da; in lb* 
calcnilar i« 19 Jan. Kiiw Jolin,i>licadviiig, 
commanded his M>u) and boiy to Ood' ami 
St. WulfiiiaD,and waabnriedbvtwtvn Wulf- 
aton and St. Oswald. Widfsiaii's lonb 
umpi'd deairuction in ibf flr« of HIS; h^^ 
shrine was inclttid dom in 1316 to proTJ^H 
money for a paynent damondod of tbie c^^l 
vrni, And bit body wat tnuialat«d lo a atil 
ahriite on ibe dtdicalion of tlic nwtoTMi 
calbcdnil on 7 Jiini> 1218. Somia of 
relict wvre tli«n diiidtil and probably : 
a rib was obtained bv William, abbot off 
Atbann. nbo cncaard it in gold and tilt 
and dt'dji-ulwl an attar to iU. WulC 

Sf^la .Upturns. At6ani,i.SS3: CAr 
i^ui-a, iii. 42). 

[A Lifr of Wul&tsn, writtvn I>r Ucantninf . Us 
■nb-pTiacandilicratnpilrrafthcWorvBiirONH 







i 



(idsryi n in Anglia Sacru, i. J)4I ; ■nath^ 
ia En^iab, by ColemiiR, a inoak of Wtovi . 
and prior of Wottlmrj, it not eras known u 
nlM. Flntvrirn of Worvcster s>VM •eratal Un- 
iCnipMnil uilitei, Williamaf Malsmbw;^ Lifr, 
fQiindcd on Colnman'* work a»d writtan akiK 
1140, ia ill Anelii ■'Wn. ii. 311 : ho aUo ei 
nulicrn in 'li">ta Pontiff, and Gntx Ri^ui 
Kiidniar'i) Uiit. Xor.. c<d. Migu*, >«p|Jie« one 
two fbeta. Mnny Imim vtilate ipx* MoticM 
bim. and a I.ift waa written by Oapumra, 1 
A.\, SS, Bollnnd. Jiui. ii.; Frt«lniu>'* Niimaa 
Oinqutti tdIi. ii-v. patnm. Will. Kufna i. and 
ii.tri-SI.J W.H. 

WULFWia or WULFWY (<J. 1067 
biabiip of llori^bcatirr, npp^srs in a doubtfil 
charter of Ititt'i aa mvnl cbnncrllor (Qii 
Dipl. iv. IOJ>. In lO-'iii he succeeded VUi 
tlie great bisboprio of Uordimier {A." 
CAron. ii. I.V.. Hulls Ser.) Dia predwM 
waa living and bad been irregularly d«priv 
and I'mr-man su^^te that the rmord of tl 
fact iu tbi! chconiclo (•'A.') may indicain 1 
feeling againat \^ulfwig's appointme 
fiVortn. Omg. iL 342), but there aeemt 
QATe been no opposition. Wiilfwig appa-' 
rotillf flinrwl ih? scruple nboiit the caaonml 
|>n*ilion of Archbishop Sti^nd [i^.v.], tat h« 
wi-nlnbmnd to be consecrated (A.-S. Cinn. 
I. v..) Hit appointment ia thought to mark a 
iiiomenlory ui>rlinc in Xornian infiuence, 
and hu was Ibe but of the old line of iW 
Chester bitbopK, for bia death occurnd vbea 
thf great Eiigluh eccleniojitjcal prefennanU^^ 
wiin> pgjwing into Norniaii liandi. Wnlhi^^| 
died at Winchester (TtOB. Wio. ii. 1, En^SH 
Hi»t. ScK!.) in 1007, and waa buried mmi 



' £\^m /lilt 



Wyatt 



J77 



Wyatt 



own diiinih kt Uorclicirtflr {A.-f(. CAron. ii. 
1?1). Ilia will is MxiaM(Cod.nipl. iv.l'OU), 
and is wiineumj bj a Urn? number of per- 
(MMu, begintung with Uio kins. 

[8m. in sdiliiion to t.ho ehinf MiithoriiiM 
tfUMBd in tho l«»l.St.ubl>»» Rrgidr. Sacr. Angl. 
p. 30; PrMiRinii't Norm. Conn. i. TiO. ir. ISO. 
131: Onvn'i Cwiijiioil of Rnglnml. pp. AiO, 
479-] A.M. C-n. 

WYATT or WYAT, Sir FIU.NCI8 
<lo7A?-lft+l), govetuor of Virgiuio. boni 
About I'lTfi, wu lb« «ld««l (On of G«orge 
"Wyat of Itoilny Abb*y, who married, oo 
8 Oct. loS:^, at lCiiiiin'nll,K«nt,Jnne, daugh- 
ter of Sir Tiiomim t'incb, kt.,of Ktwlwnll, by 
hi» wife! KnlUi^rino, eider dikiij('>t'" ■'"' "^ 
hcinaa of Sir Tboinsit Movie of Kaatwull. 
This GHonn K'jsl. who wui thu bum of Sir 
Thonu Wj-att the youaguT [i], t,], was re- 
MoredlohiiwUleat I)oi^^bvQii><(Mi Elin- 
t«ik in IGTO, and waa bitrioa al Doxlr^r on 
1 Sm. ie23. 

Through bin wifu'* kinnnidn of tho Sandy* 
f*mily[aM 8ANitT8,SiB l^uwix, and i^Aintia, 
Ghohob], Sir FVancia ihewiut knij^hUHl in 
1003) became inter«at(?d in iha afliiirn of the 
Vintiiiia CoD|iany. la ICIllt iiomu uf the 
leading ooloDiat« in Virginia st-nt honi« a 
peti^on that a nobknian ' UUif the lain I^rd 
do la Wnrr mi«ht br rwnl a* goviimor.' On 
26 Jati. leiMJ. failins tho n'aj)|)ointni(int of 
Sir Qeorgn yesrilley [cj. v.j. wh""' roni- 
jnUaion w*» welliii(fl[ expired, tliu EacI of 
SoulhamptOD proposed aa |p>vHrnor Sir 
Lancia Wjat, 'who nag well reported of in 
respect of hi« parenlaifp, good eilucalion, in- 
tegrity of lifiT. and fair fortune.' A trr^it 
1at«T tbeeom|niny procrrd^d to a ballot, and 
Wyatl was elecli^d with bill two blunkbnlli. 
I Alt«r hia eWliou nt^tvriil itepa were taken 
improve the coiiditiuu or the VirfjiuitL 
JoDy, lh>> Kngli«li board of the coiupnny 
greatly (itrcngibpned. Tlie new go- 
' went out with nini> uiil, nrritvid nl 
own at the done of (>ctj>bitr 1621, 
nd eatatnd npon hi* sovRrninDnt on Irt Nov. 
{Sntn, |i. StM). lie woj aci^ompHaind 
sa chaplain by hia brother, llawie W'yat 
<</. 31 Jul^ 1S38), subaequeulty rector 
of Menton in Kent, by William Claibonie 
aunr*yor, John Pntt an [•hy»iclni>, and 
IMndra [l- t.], thn Inunlatorof Ovid, 
*•» tnUHimr. 

Wyat brought with him th(^ new connti* 

tutjon for the CohMiy. the opnning rlaiuc of 

lliia ifulrucliona reading aa ffiUon.i; 'To 

[keop up the rdigion of ibe ehurch of En^ 

I land at neu M may be; to be obedient to 

the kins and do jualice after the form of the 

bwa of Kngland, and not to injure the 

roL. Lxm. 




natitra: and to foi^frt old rjiiarrt'U now 
buried.' All former immunitiM and fnui- 
chisM werio coofirmod, trial by jury waa 
secured, and th« aatembly wan privileged to 
meat annually upon Uw call of the governor, 
wlio wa« va*t«d with the right of relo. No 
act of the navemblv wiu to b« valid uoleas 
it should be rati^ud by tho Virginia Cftm- 
panv : hot, on ihn othor hand, no order of 
the compnny won to bu oblignlorr without 
the coiiciirronr.il of th<- aoiwmhly. Thia 
famouR ordinniice fumiahed the model of 
overv nubouquiiui form of government in the 
Anglo-American colonie*. 

During tho first y<?ar of Wyot'n govnmor- 
■hip tweiity-oni> viwwU ntrivud in Virjiiiiia, 
bringi og mttni than tliirleen hundred aettler*. 
and I'or a brief upacu new life was imparted 
to thn community. Jabea WTiilaker bbI up 
a lai^e ^ueit-huuse for the aoci.'mmoilatiou 
of iramigranla; Captain William Norton, 
witU some Italians, ^rtic I nd glana-works near 
Jameetown, mid gn>nt nttcntion wni paid In 
the maniifnrturn of iron and tlie impnna- 
lioQ of mnlal nod skilled iron-workera. Un- 
fortunately tho prosperity of WyBt's go- 
vpmonhip received a severe check from a 
great unniunfl; of the Indians towards the 
end of March 1622, when ovor three hun- 
dred of tile lattlnr* woro maafocrtid. Ncwa 
uf the niniuiiic.m reached I^iidon in July, 
whereupon the governor's wife, who hod ra- 
mniniid in Kent, 'determined to cliure her 
liiiDband'i anxieties,' and t>et auil in the 
Abiipul.arriTingat Jamentfiwn in December. 
In April W2i it won intimatiul to thn conii* 
pany in I,tindon that Sir tVancin deiircd to 
retire fromth'igovcmDrahip at the close of hia 
term of flvo year*, but upon sevi-ral of thu 
plnnlnra commeniling hia ' JiLslice and noble 
carriage' it wtu decided by ballot ' to urge 
his eontinuanoe.' A few nionlbs laur lEe 
charier of the old '^'irginia Company was 
annulled, but Sir Frnneii wni cnntinui^d an 
gr>veruor by royal comniiaiicm, and upon 
Jawo«'s death in Marwh IH-'-j bo wm like- 
wiafr continued in olllce bv Charles 1. 

Wyat's father died In ireluud in Se))tem- 
Iwr I'd^A. and upon the receipt of this intel- 
ligence sir Francis slraigblway pnipnred to 
leave Virginia. It wai not, bow<>vcr, until 
the close of May LS2S that ho rcach«nj Kng- 
land and snccoodad to hia property at Boxlev. 
The ganmorabip waa t«k«t over bv Sir 
Oeorga Yeordler. Thirteen yean latw Wyat 
mtumed again to ^'irg'inia, and succeeded 
Sir John Uarrey m governor (Xovembec 
103d). Virginia was now lorn by factions, 
and, as he was unwilling to promote certain 
interesle, Wyat became iinpopultr during hia 
taat term of ollice. After eighteen montha 



Wyatt 



178 



Wyatt 



Sir William Rprkplpv «-u Appdnted Ilia 
RiicCfBior, nnil in t'vbmiirT llH'i landed at 
Jamutown. Next yeai sir FraiKiLi Wjrtt 
wunl back to Eii;;lBa(l in Umo to bt prwent 
At ibi- denih of QvMge Sutdj*. liie wife's 
uncle, at lli>xl«y AbMf. fn loM tbtD • 
venr nh«T llii*. on 34 \uj[. 1644, Wynt wu 
himiwlf burinj in the fiimilv vault in tha 
mnio rhurcii^nrd *t Boxloj. Ilo married, 
in I6It4, Margant, daughter ot 8ir Samwl 
Santlya of Ombemlej, Worenlemhin, aon 
uid neir of ArcbbUbopBiIwin Sandys fq- T.I 
^i» predeceased Wbni>band,aDd vaaBuriea 
HI Boslej od 37 Uareli 1644. 

[UlicclL OMinil. cC Harald. new ni. ii. 
107 ; Smith'* GoiorDon of Vit^nin, pp. BSa^.; 
Vireiiiln Hi>(. Coltnclioiu, vol*. vH. and fill. ; 
Stilh'a Hist, uf ViipniH, IT47. pp. 304 tq,; 
yeiir* Virginia Ooreraor* under ibo London 
Company. 1889, pp. 19-31 ; Doyle* EnKlinh in 

Amnrln, Vir][ii>>i>. I>p- i'V2.i76; Wiitior'* Itimt. 
of Amerioa, pp. IKIti).; Noitl'* Anoala of the 
Virginia Com[Nnif; ApplelaR'aCjulop. of Ame- 
ri«an Itiogr. n. 9i13 -. Cnl. Colonial Slata Papor*. 
Amvrica nnd Wrat Indim. Copiotof litttani of 
f*>r FniDcia Wnti, with particulars of the hja- 
tore of hi« fiinilj, Bte ju the Tolnno of Wjatt 
Use, now ttte prupcriT of the Earl of ItomncT.I 

T.S. 

WYATT, HENRY (i:»4-1840>, painter, 
vaa born at Thickbroom, near l.lchliDld. on 
17 Sept. 1704. On tho dnatb nf hi* fnlber, 
■whpn Dfi was only thn-n yean nid, ho w^nl to 
livp at Hirmindham witlihiajtiarilinn, Fran- 
ci» Ksrinton [<i. v.], thir (■lam-pnintt.r, who, 
lindiiiK lid had il last? for art. sunt bim to 
L<)udt>n in 1811. au<! in th^ following year 
}>•• was admil'cd to (h* ni^hool of ifae Itoyal 
Aendp-niy. In 1S*1'» hoirnliToil ihpstodioof 
Sir 'rboma* [.awn-nec [cj. r.] a* a pupil, and 
provi^d *o valuable: an BBsiitant that hm m> 
ceived 300/. n year aftur the Jirst twulvn 
months. At the end of 181~ be estahliahed 
hiniMir as a portrait-painter, iiractisiiiji^ lirst 
at Itirmingham and aui^rcMivplyat Liverpool 
and Mnni^bcitor, aim painting nccanionslty 
•ubjept-picturca. In loSfi he ■cttlrd in [.on- 
don, wht-ru be- redded in Newman Stmnt till 
1834, vrben iU-bealtb obliged htm to rcmovo 
to Leamin^on. It was bis inleniiou to rtr- 
turn to liondon in 1837. but bavjnf; some 
portrait coit>mi««iona in Manchester ho first 
Tinted that town, and in the following A prd 

Lb« wa« soiMd with parolvtii, from irhicb ho 
nevar recovered. Ho dieJ nt i'rwtwich, near 
UaDchoati-r.on:.'7Fcb. ItMO.and was Iraricd 
in the vhurchyuid of Ihat village. He wa* 
a clever artist, a skilful draugbtsiuan, and a 
pood i.'oloorisl, and both hi» port reitsandsub- 
I'fl-pictnrmi #Bmed him considiirahle popu- 






10D(— 



work atill to be Mwa in the D«igkboarl 
orMaai:hester,BiraiDgiiaiD,LiT«Tpool, ' 
ler. and LMmiutos. Two by hioi arv iB 
ilxi National OftUtfy (Vcmoti CaUwctioo)— 
'Vixilaiiea,'wlucf>wa*oxliibaudintlw~ ~ 
Aeodomj in 1S36 (it wo* enfrvvcd bj 
IVriamh and the ■ PlukxKipIier,' called 
'Oalileo' and' Arcltimedea, aEaDCypacttail. 
half-l«ngili liFf-aiM, exhibited at the Boyal 
AoadeBT in 1833, and fmrnved br R. Ball. 
Among otlwiTa of bi* wona ibat hvn ban 
popular am ' Pair Koroatcr ' aod ' ProAnJ 
Ki»,' whivh wvTD enfcmviid by Qmm;^ Tbi^ 
maa Doo, and the fulhiwing are alao yetH 
known — 'Julirf,' ' Chapeau N<ur,' 'Gealle 
Reader,' "The Romance.' 'Clara Uimbnr,' 
aitd ' Mar* and Vntna.' There le in Cbeaur 
Cutla a portrait by bim of Thomas Harti* 
I Mn r]744'l829) 'q.v.].tba arehifct of that 
' buildinfc. There la in tho powawiop of SSn. 
Jusrpli Taylor uf Aahton-onOCawr, Cbeabins 
' a portrait of Wyatt drawn frrim file in IS99 
by William Bradley [q. v.] H« naa a man 
of ndlned taat««, living aquiel t*chelor life, 
biit,»jibia shotdi-bocJta ah«w, alvrayc indtif- 
(rioualy working at ovcry rariety of dnw> 
tag: family graup(,landKq>ea,Gidt1«,biiild> 
iiiga, ahipptnx. onimaU of inasy Und* and 
flowers were alike drawn with tbe ntmnt 
care and wjtli miicli ability. Tie «zlubii«d 
betwmHt 1817 and IK.'i.S nght^ padwu in 
lx>ndan, indading thlrty'fivo at ttw Royil 
AcndMoy. 

Hii younger brother, Thomas Wrai 
[17t>H?-18G!)). portrait-painter, was bom 
Tbickbroum about I7!K'. He studied in iJir 
school of the Royal Academy, and anost- 
panied hie brother to Birmingham, I.iT«tpa<di 
and Manchwler, practiuKg as a portrait- 
paintar without much soecMs. In Msncbt^- 
ter be tried photogrs^by. Hventually h* 
•Ptrlrd a* a iiorlriit-painliT in LichSold, and 
died iberv ou 7 July 18r,0. lUi work* a» 
beat known in the Midland oountte*, and 
lupticinlly nt TtimilnKluM, whciv he Md 
thn poet of wcrelary to the Uidlaod Society 
of .\rtiiits. 

[Oent. Hog. 18tO,iLeMi Badsravo'i Di(«.af 
An ill* of EngL School : BfonehcMcr City Xm. 
IfiMaylSflO^ I!r7an'>DiA.«d.G(am>i Oran*^ 
Diet, of Artists.] JLN. 

WYATT, JAMES (174<M813), archi- 
lecl, born at Burton (Vnttsble, StalTor^ 
shire, 00 3 Aug. 174S, was sixth of tha 
•evsn sons of Benjamin Wvatt, a fkrmer 
and timbor^mi-rcluinl of Bioekbrook, wbt> 
also practised as an nrohitect and huilda. 
An engraving of .Stafford infirmary (dal«d 
about 177&1 is inscribed ' B. Wvatt and 
1 Sons, Arch.* Betijamin'e brother 'WiUiam 



* 



d 



r 



W^att 



179 



W'yatt 



mi iMward to LonJ Uxliridge ; (rum him 
deaceitdfld iJi» brothem "niomoA llnnry 
"Wyatt [q. T. j ami Sir Mal.tbew Did-by W j-ait 

fcv.] Bcninmin's nftn Jo«eipb wm Vftlher of 
Jefiuy WyntviUo [q_.T.] 
Jumu Ktt«iMi.>d thn vi)lii|[n *chool nt Ttiiiv 
ton CoiiAlablr, «ii(! wan for • limn n otipil of 
Vi. Alkiutun. ^\'hi^ii he wna only Itmrti-an 
ymre of ago bu greHl nkill in dniwiiii; fur- 
tniuUly came to the kiitiwti>ilg<.- ot Lord 
Bwot, wlio hnd jti4t be«n appoinwd siubac- 
iMor to tbn popp. lie tooH Wyatt with 
him to ItaniD Ihnt lie mitilit "Uidy nivhi- 
tecluiv. Hb Mem* to Imvc madE );iiod ute. 
of the thnw or four vKnn ilint be rvmnincd 
tb<Te, and of llie fullowini; two yiMin spent 
in Venice, where be whb under tbe arcbi- 
tflCtMidpWBter AotoDio Vicenti'ii. He r^ 
t«n»d U> London about ITOlV In 1770 be 
waa olMtcd nn itmorint* of tha Itoyn] Aca- 
Aemy. Atthoann^iimolbo importaotwork 
of nonptinK ibo old I'snthooit in Oxford 
Stra-'t for dnimiitic pLTfunniuicefl waa en- 
trull«d to ktin, and fnjm ita ojH^uing on 
£1 Jan. 1772 luay he doted Wjrait'a great 
popolarity and sncceu in bis profeMion. 
Owing to ita conplot* defilniclion by firo in 
1T99, and thn fact, that ihcrn nm no ode- 

«aato npreaaDtationa of it nnvrTcd, wu 
avo no means of judBing of llint splendour 
and 6lJii!ai which, wb am told, itvcured fur 
him bia poaitiou in thi> faahionabla world. 
For many yean be waa c>:ina(aDtly employed 
«r»ctiaf mannionain thnOnDOO-ltnlianttylc, 
wlucb, though ihny had n curtain ■nmnniwa 
in theif outward appoamiicf^, wc>tv a dinlinct 
•dvancn on the work of bis prL-dt'tcsjors. 
Tbey wurv uutablu far tbo rvunemL'nl and 
comfort of ibFir interior decoration andje- 
aign. A good epeciineo of his earlier work 
ic Heatoii IIoum, ne»r M«nobe*ter, which 
he built in 177:^ for Sir 'riinninB Kei'-rttin 

iaft«nrard)ifiMl-krlof Wilton). (JnSSJaii. 
778 hn Willi appointed nun-cyor of W'cit- 
minatvr Abbey. In I'lS and the yearn 
following lit- had many imporlant comiuis- 
nOM in Oxford. 

Wratt gradually ttirned hia attention to 
the Qothic style, lo the stndy of which he 
applied biniMlf with groat dtligimoi!, «ta- 
pfoyini; drau^tumna to malm ciir<?rul draw- 
ina" of the bpit nndunt work. Hia lir»t 
G^rt to adopt the Gothic in the d««ign of a 
modem tnaJiaioD waa in Lee Priory, near 
CiMerbarj, built for Thomas Barrett, lu 
thia BBw de[iartHre he soon became aa popu- 
lar afl in hi* old otyle, and among other 
COmmitaiAnx may h« mentioned rejitotntinnn 
at Salisbury and l.iiiKoln enth''drBU. At 
Hereford Catbedral he rebuilt the nave after 
the fiUl of the tower and front on IT April 



irsa. In 179.1 be urecltd Fonthill Abbt-y 
for Ur. Deckfurd, and in a casIi-llaliHl desi^u 
the Itoval Military College at Woolwich ml 
ttin following year. Die eraployment in re-J 
atorinK nnrta of Saliabiirj and l.icliAald 
catbedml* led to anvcrc eTiliciHu, and nmon^J 
the arebsologiata of his tloic hct was knownl 
aa 'TUo IVeltoyer;' bnt be may be fairly! 
couaidered the author of the great reviral at] 
iutervet in Gothic architet'I.iire which has J 
led to a bigher oppreciaiifin of ihe vain 
and beniily of old work, and the devolop*] 
mnnt* tlial hiivn tincc taken place in modomj 
architecture. In ITW he aucccvded Siti 
^Villiaui (.'bombem [q. v.l a* aurveyor-gien^ I 
r&l 10 the board of works', whi>:h led to bis 
emptoyiueut at the House of Lordaand by] 
Georgolll nt WindsorCiutlc. lteheldtb«l 
office In 1806 of arclutaet to tlir board of' 
ordnanrr. lie was a most indiintrioiis man, 
*xhibitinj( nt tbe Itoyol Acadrmy bi:twecn 
1770 and l7S»y no fewer than thirty-live d»j- 
aignt- In 178C be became a It.A., and in 
iSoa, at the expreta wi«h of the king, hit , 
filled the office of president of tbe Koyal 
Academy during a temporary niigiindor- 
Htanding between llcnjamin Wnit {q. v.J 
and thn council of the academy. Ilo waa 
i«cu|iiiiHi-d as president bv hia cont<UDpo>^ 
ranus, but it has siiice been doubted whetfaer 
he can be regarded as luorr? than prendenl^ 
elect, owing to tbe fact tb&t bia election 
waa not conflroied hy tbo royal tignature. 
Amone Wyatt'a othrir workawora tlia addi- 
tion of wings to the Uukc of IJeTonabitG'* 
boiiiH at (^hiawick ; a tiothio pnlooe, tince 
demolished ; the mansion house at Uoddiuir- 
ton l^k, Glouceateraliire, which cost Cod- 
ringtou |-JI.",tXiO/,, was completed in 1808 i 
LokI Bridgewater's ifat at A^bridge Castle, ' 
Iterlfordsliiroi ha designed iho mulb nlo- { 
ration nt Wyonstar for Sir W' . VV. Wynn, 
barl. The frontof Whitn's Club, St. James'a 
Street, ii his detiiun : and matisoleuma 
at Cobham and Brocklehbr were among bia 
later works. In joumeiiiig from Bath 10 
Loudon uu -1 Sept. 1^13 his carringo waa 
overturned near Start bo rough, nnd hft ilio^ 
instantly. Probably on ocoiiut of !ii« hold- 
ing thn appointment of survi-yor to tbe dean 
and chapter be was buried in Wcstnunstcr 
Abbey on 28 Sept. 

There is dcareely a couuty or large town 
in ihe country iti whicJ) Wvutl did not nect 
some pubUc or private building. He Mt a 
widow, Itoclie), and four sons, including 




Uoaninmnnyofhisworka. There ia a bninie 
boat of Wyatt by C. F. Roao in lie National 



I'orliuit (iallpry of I^ndon. A portrait is 
in l!if l^yal liutilutf of ltrici*b AnJiitccIa, 
togetlipr irilli tLreu ilrawingii by biin oT 
Foiilkill Abb«j. 

Tbo oldiwt WB, Dbujimis IHas Wtitt 
(177B-18S0?), MThitwi. Wii in 17:.'., wm 
educAti'd at We«tiiiiiiiiiMnii<! Christ C!mrcli, 
OxforJ. wlifw ho mnlricuhitfid on 2i April 
ITOfi, «ud reiuainud tliarc till 1797, takina 
no degree. Aftur BludyiiiR for a tian- with 
his father he vieited tlit^ ctiiiliuMit, and, rp- 
tiiminft in Iffl2, bpcnme prival* sw-M-larjlo 
Sir Arilmr WVildlny, nceompsnyiiig liim to 
Iwlnnd nnd India. liRaTtorwHrdB ro-^nlfned 
hii |irofia.-inn. nnd »oon, (mm hi* fnlhi'r> 

GL-ni nmnr and inlluL-ofe, hod aaf\e work. 
ISll hi- coiniUHiicr'cl the ivbuildiiiK of 
Brury Laiin TheatrA, wlijch hod Iwl'ii dt^• 
SI roved by (ire on 24 Feb, 1800. nnd nub- 
liahod ' <)b»nn-ntionii on ihuPrircipW of the 
Doiilii forthrThpBtronowlmildiiiffin Ornry 
Lnne,' 1811, Ifl:?, 8vc). With his hrolli-r 
Philip lie Bill-red Apilt-v Houiis for th« 
Duke of Wvlliiii^loii in isra, nad ho ilo- 
M^«id Cpockford't Club Hoiue, St. Jame*'* 
Stnwt, in ^»27. llo alto built in the 
fame, yi'nr, in con junction with lii» brolber 
J'hiliii, l.ondondiTry IIoum, Parlt l.aa^ 
and Wvnyard, IJurham, for thn Mnnjiiiflof 
Loudoiiderrr; and in 18,10 33 hn erpctjid 
ihe Duke of York's cidumn nt a nut of 
S&,000/. On the denth of hi« father in 
IStS lie Rucceeded bim aa surveyor to 
WMminRtar Abbev, nnd held llie post 
till 1S27. In 1814 hn mitored the ro»e 
window of thn *iiilh trnnjtcpt. Hn rotirei! 
from praciice and died nbont ItCiO, it i« 
aaid in Cauid<<n Town. Theru i> n nor- 
trait I.I f him in the 'European MaRiume,* 
18li;, engraved by T. Ulood, after S. Urum- 
wonil, .\.l;.A.* 

[Did. of Arcbil«cturr. viii, AO ; Sandbj'ii 
Hill, of the Etoyol Acadsni)', i. 320 ; Il*dgmv«'a 
Diet, of Apli»T»; Kiiynl Awdtimy Cat.; Qisnl. 
Kng, 1813, ir.2Cti; Cbcstur's W«tniili»terAbl>«y 
Kogiiler, p. HHi.] A. N. 

WYATT, JOHN (1700 1 70fl>, inventor, 
eldest oon of John and June Wyiift (born 
JaclfKin) of Thickbruom iu ihi.- parivh of 
Weeford, near Lichfield, waa horn in .\ptil 
170*), nnd edneated at Lichfield sohool. llin 
family was connected witb that of Samh 
Ford, Dr. Johnson's mother. He worked 
for somi; limn in hit natire viltojite ng a 
carpenter, until, in 1730, his mind was 
diverted by n plan which he conceived for 
k machine to make Qles. He soug-ht paeu' 
niary help from another Blrminahnm in> 
TsRtor, I.ewifl Paul [q.T,], but the difficultiM 
isvolved in perfecting the macUiue soon led 



to itB abandonment. Wyatt won already en- 
(pi^ed in a new nod more protitablo (piMn 
ufuiventiut], Thediwuveryofthefly^oUla 
in 1733 had greatly iucroued tbe '<i™*™l 
for yam, and augveated tlie ikeed of s na- 
eliint! to iwrform tnc operstion of apinning. 
The earliest hint of tho ooBMrnccionof aniw 
B machine ia contained in a letter bran 
Wvalt to one uf hii brolben, writtro about 
1793, in wliich Im aaya be intends reoidtng in 
nrn«ar BiriniDgLam,ai be has'A gjnicraek 
thnr» of Mine consequeace.' UowacoBaUcv 
howcircr, to cany out bia idea witliout addi- 
tional mechjinical a*aiKtaiK» ; tbis h* ok 
tairied from Lewis Paul, who in Juno 1738 
took out a patent (So. 602) embodying for 
the tlret time the all-important princide c/ 
spinning by roller* revolving at dMennl 
velocitif'S. I\ rnmpnnj. inrlndinr ihn niifi 
of Kdward Cnvt! [q. v.j and Dr. Jamos, vm 
formed to an^ly tho inrontion at n iJMtnn 
mill, Upper Priory.ltirming'lian). Twohankt 
of the cotton thus spun are preoirrved in the 
nirmingham Kefereucu Lttiruryj nnd al- 
tach«d to them is an inscription m Wyaii't 
own hand tritifying that ch«y wen apuB 
without handsalxiuc 1744, thn motive powsr 
being ' two or tnorv asses walking rnnnd an 
axia and. tke superintendent, John Wyxit. 
The conctra DeT^rrtbeleas tanguuiied and 
aventually died, owioff partly to defect* in 
Wyatt and Paul's macnineir, wlucb, tliougk 
highly ingenious, waa far intorior in «fB(uaB^H 
to tnat Draught to poTfoetion by (S^^| 
Richard Arkwri([ht [a. v.] in 1 7ft9, and partly 
to the heavy cost uf freight and tho di9^ 
ciilties of transport iu the then condition* ~ 
lli» country roads. 

His spinning speculations having Dub 
Wyatt tuniod for work to the Soho fenndt; 
of fioultun k Watt. Whiln nmplcn'pd Uio*^ 
about 17'! I, he intimt^d and pcrrfectad tb« 
compound lever weighing machine, fm- 
ton weighing machinea constructed byluH 
were aec up at Birmingham, Liveneo^ 
CbMt«r, Hernford, Gloitceeter. and LiA- 
Hold (a raodtil of thia laat ia at South Km- 
aington). Tho Daehinn is aimiUr in i(t 
uuttinuB to thoM now luvd by moM of tba 
milwiiy eompanies. Wyatt died on S9 Not. 
I7t>t', Hiid was buried in the cburchyard 
nf i^l. Philip's, Birmingham. He waa fbl- 
lowod to tne grave by Mattliew BouIIob 
[q, v.], who IS nsid to haTe upbnided 
\vyalts sons for not asserting th»ir father's 
invention*, and John Basliervillo^q.T.] Jli* 
tombstone boi rrtcently been «at «ncc and 
reinscribed- Wyutt was twioa married, 
and by his second wife left four daugh- 
ters and two sons — Cliarles, who took out_ 
tcreral patents between 1790 and ISlli 



aim- 




\\>tt 



i8t 



Wyatt 



ftnd Jobn, nubluhcr nf tba ' R(.-{)ertorj of 
Arts' (1818). 

A number cf hi* papew, piaiis, Biid d«- 
sigiu for invuutious vtmo piuaeuled to lt)o 
Reference Library, Birmin^hBin, hy Mn. 
Sn««>t«r of Dfltlu The iiriffinftl DKKb'l [:(in< 
KtrocUiI by Wvni.l nnd rnul, by whir.li tho 
flnit, rottoii thnmd ii oiiiil to hnvc bi'ntispiiii, 
■wna 'ofliTPii to ArkwriKhl. m on init-ri'sting 
rplii', but tb<.> saccfHful udnjiter d(K'liut^<l tu 
uktf it'(Tl)i)iiM», Inrltuit.IlUt. f/ Birmiiff- 
ham, 180«. p, -IW). Wynit i» saiil lo hnr.) 
b««D on<^ of tbo iiti>iiit'e>>»>f>it ciimptiiior* 
for tho mvction of \Vo«tinin»l4tr Undan in 
1738. 

{John Wyalt.Mmita CitrMiiter sdiI Toveiitur, 
IiMKloa. I)!84 : T'repch'j Lifo »nd TimcB of 
SaBoel Croiiipt'in. i-hup, ir. ; Itninc^'i lliat. uf 
tkt CoU>7D Alitnufaclur*, pp, 131-40 (IImIiim's 
sdvDCWijr of WyaU'i plnimB BcniniA fsul ymt 
(tmn^ combalod by Cule) ; Cole'i Account of 
IiOiiJi Pftol And hi* InnntkiD forSiiinniiigCDllflD 
sad Wool b; Rnllsn. ScptoailMr IS'K; DiixMii 
Hilt, of Uie Coilon MunRiclarp, 1833 ; Unnt'ii 
HakJaK of Birminghiim. 1894. p. 7S ; Gent. 
ttnK- lSI2f. ler). IN36ii.231; Ruildur, MAast. 
1880; SimiD*')! Uibli'illwca SUillurdii'uwH. 1891, 
|iL MO-l T. S. 

WYATT, JOHN (1»2S-18:4), army .ur- 
gonn, <.'ldi!(t wn of JaoiP* Wyiitl of Lidm-y, 
near Chicliciit<.-r, Tpountn, by his wit'u Caro- 
line, waa bnptiw-'d iu t1»' purisb cbiirob of 
AldiagbourDt^, 8u»S['i, on '2:4 Oivt. Xf^H: 
H« WU ailmitleii a mnmbi'r nf iho IEovaI 
OoIU^ of SiiTg^n' r>f Kii^lniid on -M May 
1SI8, bccominK n foUnw of llint liody on 
ISlioc. lSe6. llo rnlKfi'd tlie nrmy mudioil 
•crritM! wilh the rank ol' iLHiiBlant-(iur)t«on 
on IT Ju[i<- l8ij1, wiu gaivttt'd Hur);>:>uii uu 
9 April lH(i7, anO Hiirui-ou-ruai'ir on H Jnii. 
1869, being Attached throuKboiit hit lifii to 
ttw first bMtalion of tb« Coldntn-run gunnii. 
Tl» WH ongagod in activo m-rvici! in the 
Cruntan war.and wa* prp-Hnt ol tUv bniili-> 
of Alma, Balaclava, and iDkoriuan, and at 
tlw liege of Scbiwtopol. At Inkrrmau bia 
bofw was abol under bim. At the c1o«« of 
tlic war be received the Cri mean meilalwiih 
four cla«pi>, tbeTurhiih in(i(lal,nTTdnkBij;bt- 
hood of Ibo Inginn of honour. In 1870 he 
«naa tdiMiled 1^ the war depnrtmctit to ant 
aa medical caminiiaioiiirr at the bead- 

Juartere of (be Frpiicb army duriiiu (be 
'nocO-Oerman war, and in tbia cflpauiiy be 
wu prasent is Paris duritig ibe whole of tlie 
•ie^ At this limn he r(niden<d imporI«iit 
MTvicM to the aiek and vnundcd, for lin nru 
attached to an ambiilnn<!eandwa< a mombnr 
of the Soci6t4S de Secoun au\ Bltoija. For 
tbew aertiote be wan mndu Q companiun uf 
tbft Batli iu 1873. He died at Bourne- 



tnoulli on 2 April 1674, and wtu buri«d al 
Brompton ceineltrry. 

^RagistKni of AI'liDBbourno Pariab Cbareli : 
Obitoaiy notices in tho Prvceodinc* of the Boytl 
Med. and Cbir. Soc vit. SIQ ; Mrdical l^maa 
and OdBtlr, 1874 i.4U, 1S7< i>. IVI-j 

D-A. P. 
WYATT, MATTHEW COTKS (1777- 
I8<S2), acuiptor, Toun^t >on of JamotJ 
Wyottfij \.\ wnjiiNiniin 1777 and educated^ 
al lllou, AIUt Btudyini in ibe scbooU of 
thp Itoyal Academy h?, tbruu^h bia father's 
i nil iitmei.', obtained employineiit at Wiudttarj 
Geslle, whore he bocAme a favmirile wil&f 
the kin^ and miei'n. l-'mm IrtUli to 1814 ' 
he w«* an exhibitor al the ICoyal .\codcray 
of porlraitn and hiilurical sulgecla in oiht, , 
and in It'll Bcnl bia uuly eunlribuliun tB'J 
8ciilpiure, a bust of the king. One of bill 
earlie*t public con)mi»»ionii wn» ihu NelaoaJ 
moniinKinl in the Kxphongn quadrangle at' 
l.ivnrponl. Aft<^^ tlin diHith nf I'rincvM 
Charlotte, VVyatt wa« umployed to cxvcttUi 
tile marble ct.-u()tupb Iu her memory in tit. 
Ouurijo's Chupel,\\'iiidMar,for'n'liieb io.UOO/. 
had been eub«crjbed; thic was completed in 
183H, and gained niiich ndniiration (Qmf. 
lAw-Ir*l'IJ,i. 3M). Whon (inorg.i III died 
mill :\ iiibicription for a national mnnumirnt 
ii'iii siuried, Wyntt prepared a di^ign re- 
preitentLiig the kiiiR maiiditi^ iu a qundrif(a, 
and of thia be publiahiHl an etching ; but, 
though highly approved of and provitiiou&lly ' 
ni?o.'pt^d, Irick of fund* ni)cft*»it.sl«d iM 
abandonment. Kventiia1ly,in ISHS, a com- 
miti.eo of th« nuhicribitni comminioned him 
to execute tho bronxu equeBlriiui statue of 
the kiii^ which now ttanda iu Pall Molt 
Euat, and ia bia besi work. Ulber well- 
known productions by Wjait arethe morbla 
inonnment to the Duchess of ItutUnd at { 
Drlroir, and the poorly modallod colotnl 
bronx" itjuoitrinn atatiic of tho Duke of 
Wellmijlan which was placed on Decimua 
Burton a arch at Hydt* Park Corner in 18-18 
and remained Ihvr^ uutil Ibi^S, when it wtut 
removed lo Aldcrthot. A porirait of a New- 
foundland dog, nculptiircd in coloured i 
marblo* by Wyntt. •km •hown at tho Inter- 
national Kxhibiriuu of \^'i\. Thanki to 
royal and other indueniial pnironage, ^V'yalt 
enjoyed a reputation and rraxjticv to which 
bia mediocre abilitien biirdtv entitled him, 
aiid he ainnHMd conMderfil>1>< ivenith. Ue 
died at hi^ honno in iho Harrow l!ond, Lon- 
don, on 3 Jan. \hG-l. Br hi* wife Maris 
{d. 1851') ho had, with ot^r ehildn^n, two 
»on»— Matt hew, who Ix^came a Ueutenanl 
of the queen's bodytrua"! "ud was knxshted ; 
and JameB, who followed hid fathers pro- 
fesaion and ivorked as his auiatant. 



[Art Jamnnl, ieS3i BadEnT«'i I>kt of 
AniiU; Gem. Mag. 1S21 i SOg. 1834 >■. 3W. 
1863.1.311; Rojral Aodemj Cujtloaiu*; pri- 
Till* ill Comal ion.) P. M, (yO, 

WYATT, SiK M.XTTIIKW niCBV 

(ISi'O-l'ir"), •ivliitpct nnd writ'TT on art, 
younf^'ft K>ii of Msttliew \\ yntl. n loctru- 
jmlilan pulive luuitipilnli-.ti-iiiiborn at Kundc, 

ne^r ItevitM, ou 'Jii Juir ItKH). Tbontst 
lleiirv Wy»H [q. v.l w»t lii» eldest brother. 
Th» wyalt laiiiilr nnii pmliflr in nrtiits 
niiil nfcfiit«ct«. Tlioman nnil Malllicir won- 
(]i!ipkiiiIp<1 from Willinni Wvult (bfodier of 
iti-niamin Wvntl or Blackhrool:). who viaa 
at cli(-i-Dilof i.ha eifthtiimlli ci'ntury>l<fvrard 
to Lord Llxlirtijg«[ee>' under Wtatt, J&Mn]. 

Matthew Difby van in 18-tl) {iltced as S 
pupil in llin ciilicn of tin timtheT Thomaa. 
In tlio tlril V'nr of pupilnfia ho aho'R'rd hia 
lilerary ohilily h^ wiiininK thii muny pmc 
mi'tlul of liiif liulituto of Itiitinli Arohiti-uls, 
anil the contiDMitul tour which lie look in 
]S11-0nu made the <ic-ra»iuti for collecting 
Ibo matiiriftU of a work on tbv 'GponipiriR 
Miwiir* of 111* Middlo AgM' (1648, fol.) 
In ISIO WyatI wni rmploynd by thn So- 
ciety of .'Vrls to rtporl upon tlic Krt'nph Ex- 
liibitiun of iLat jear. He funiuheil a t»- 
markubly able report, with the reaiilt that 
Id 18A1 he ws« aelecled for tbe poat of ancre- 
lary to the cif-cntive cnnimittRn of the (imnt 
Kihihition in I>^ndon. Dniidca win n inn 
pmn mcclolii for hin f.thibitcd deaitias, he 
lECeivetla npL-cinl (lold mi'Jal from llio I'rince 
Consort and a premium of 1,000/. for his 
olBcial services. Aiuring his cnllaboraton 
!n Ibe work of the oxhibition wnrp Itambard 
Kingdom Ilnini'l [o.v.l, with whom hii mib- 
MH|UnntlT built I'additittton station, and 
Uwan /one* [q. v.], who becaniu a cloac 
friend. A paper [ipoa ihu eoiitlriietiun of 
the ei;liibJtion buiidinir^ read In^fore tbu 
Inaliliition of Ciril l''»g'innnrs (i, I27lwaa 
Bwanird a 'Telford' mi-ckl, and Wynit 
furthor contributtid to tlio liicrntiirp of tho 
oxhihilion bj^ nndertakinff the edilor.^liip of 
the ' Industrial Artdof the Niueternlh Ceii- 
lurv,' a work which illustrated a aelectiou 
of the object* exhibited (1861, fol.) 

During; the tinw< that tho Mhibition build- 
inea were bnin^ ImnafonnAd into tha Cryatol 
I'lilnco at Sydc-nhnm, Wyatt aelud as super- 
iiit«ndRnt of the linr arts department, and, 
togrihor with Owen Jont'M, de'ijfiied the 
oouria obarael eristic of vorioas tieriodji and 
nationalities of art, In IS.W li» wan ap- 
pointed surveyor to ih" lCn.«t India Companv. 
andbiaaaeculion oflhRintoriorof Ihulnd'ia 
otScA, in collaboration with Bir George Oil- 
bart Scott [fj. T.], woa tha oecasion of hia 
rccoiving knighthood. In tlw SWM J9KX 




Wyall attended a« jona-at the I'aiia 
bitioo, aod for his serricee to ihr Fi 
gonvniMnt ia reporting on dHoniioii 
n<aat«d a knif^t of the I^irn vf Honoor.' 
Kmm ISAA nnlil l.^M) hn wa* hononrr w- 
crvcary of Ibo Uoral iDitiEiitc t4 Bntiah 
.'Vrrbilccix, and in 1600 raceiveil tba gdi 
medal of that body. On tlw fiHtnilBtiaa of 
the Slade ptoJiNaonhip of Km uta «l Cn»- 
bridge in IdQO be was ih* flrM ocettfttA «l 
tbo chair, and ncnt*4 ih« bonorarv dtgna 
of M.A. Wyntt'a kaowI*d|in aaa ata «( 
archiirctnnd atyloi woru ratbolie and rom- 
pn-'hensive, but Itia apeeial loanintC towaid* 
tha arl of the Rmsiioa&ce maile bira in 
aenae » leader in the moreiavnt which 
characteriMd tbe last qnarterof thv c<rni 

His domaatic works inclnded A! 
lIouiR, in Konaington (inm; Po>nnfrwort' 
Suinrx; NRiT«l1s,ii«ar Honhnm; ihoMouni 
Norwood: the Hoi^ OUumrcanthin-; 
the mslorations of Campion X^'rnya 
Warwickshire, and of Isfteld Hace, ^'usse: 
lli> desi^fd the chnpel and hoapitftl fori! 
barracks at Warli-y, thn Crimakn aear" 
arch at Cliatlmm. the Indian eo' 
atorei at I..a[DljeIh, .\ddeiibrooluis llnaii 
Cambridgu.aBothadiildmauMiIruinat Wi 
Jlam Esmeterj, the East India SIuhmuii,- 
and theAdelphi Theatre. >'orth Matai 
church, Rnckingbamnhim, was rvsloml 
Wyatt for tbn crown, and lu> wai a«Meiat' 
with his braihe'r 'Fbonia* llcnrr in tha 
draign of the milituiy cbapal at Woolwich. 
He also «zecut<^d many important colonial 
comtnUMOnn. Ilii oiW uritinK^, whiali 
wcrn aumetoiis, inchide * Metal Work 
ita .\rtUtie Dcaigni.' 1W2, fol,; 'The Art 
IlluiiiinatinR'.' 1S«0. 4to; *0n the Forei, 
Artists employed in Kn^r'and daring 
Sixleeiith Century,' IB&i, -llo; and a pqwV' 
on the ' flittory of th« Manufaetvra of 
Clocks,' IfiTO. 

Wyatt died on 31 May 1877 at kia no- 
dcncu, Uimlonda tJaillc, noar Cowbridn 
South Wales, to which be had r«lir<<d in tba 
hope of recruiting hia ovcrworhnd ativiigth, 
and was buried at t'sk. A bust lifa-Mza 
portrait of Wyntt, painted by A. Oaiiaiu, ia 
in ihi; Hovol liiEtititin of IWitish ArehiwctSb 
Hi! marriM, on 11 Jun. 185.% Mair, seraod 

datif^hter of lllyd NicLull of the H« 

Ci hi 111 organahire. 

(Biiililer, 1880, iirii. 008 (portnut), 18* 
liar. 611, 545. 6S0, I8T8, xxxri. 49, " 
licdi-nire'i Diet, of Anitts ; Barke's 
IM;r. p. Itoii; Timci, S3 and St Uay IS^J 
timlilubon of Civil IilDltiD>n« Piocoadiagl,'' 
l8;«-7, "Hi. I'l, 3 ; ArohitMt, 1877, XfiL 831. 
339 ; informatioa liora Mr. B. B. Ptoaan'.r 



liiali 

i 




A 



I vrv A • 



Wyatt 



i33 



W^yatt 



WVATT. IHCHARD JAMES (1785- 
18uO>, >l■u!pIo^,lunofl^dKllnlWrBtt(17fi7-' 
18a8), » well-known cajrer and gilder of 
Oxford SiTeet, b,v \a» wife A1U10 Uadox, 
and routio nf Mnt'tlinw Cot^ Wyatt [q. v.], 
WM born in Diloni Strwt, London, od 
3 UaT 17!*^^. Mc itudind In llio schdol n|' 
tiip Kuril Ackdemr, whcro lin Knincd twn 
mviulii, and •rrviil bis npfrrnlicpubi]) with 
Joti II Ctutrlw Felix KosK ,c|. v.l InlHlPhc 
«kkiliited at the seadumr u 'Judgmeat of 
Pnrij>,' and in 1819 • monument to Lady 
Annn lliidinn; olhnt parly memorial work* 
bv him ore in l'Uh>'c church and 8l. John'* 
Vt'ood chiipi^l. W'hun Canovn »i«ili>d thU 
country \Synit WHS brought nnditrhinnotica 
by Sir Thomu LnwTi-uva fq. v.], and re- 
ceived from bim an invitntiuu iu Itomc. He 
Uft EogUod eiarly in 1^1, and, after «tud^> 
iof tat ■ few months in Vwm under Botio, 
pnwacdod to Itome, and rnl^i^d the studio 
of Choova, wlwre he bod John (iihmn < 17!>0- 
188tt)[q.T.] u* fi'llow pu]iil. Siritlin^cpiT- 
aouwollT in ltan:i', Wynll pruo'tined hi« pro- 
Caiaian then wilb imiat enlhusium otidiuc- 
cem, and from 18^1 until hi« dvaih wu a 
Ikwiivot tiihibitor ut the Royal Academy. 
Anoeg hia biut irnrhi wfro ' tno mid Ibe 
Infiint UocchuV '(iirl at th« llalh,' ' Muisi- 
dora ' (at Chataworth), and ■ I'cncilopi',' • Ttn 
Bsnireaty' and ' Flora ' (all in the royal ccU 
1«oi»ob). Several gf these haTL'lMN-nenfcnivcd 
for th* • Art Jonrnal.' Tho ' Peui'lopc ' irwt 
% c»Riini«>^ion given by ihe qiie<<n to WtbII 
at tbn timr of tii« only rinit to Knglaod in 
1841. Hi* whole liri? wan othnrwiw IMMed 
ioKonwr, where hrdit>d, unmarried, on a) May 
ISGO, and ir«3 buried in the prolMtniit ccmo- 
very, Hotni) of his works irere shuwn ni ihv 
liOtadooeihibilioaof ISi)l,undii'vreuwardrd 
% ^fAA medal. Wratt was a biulily aiM-uin- 
■Iwfaed aititt, particulnrlr ^ixc^lling: in lii« 
nwialo fiffunt*, which in purily of form and 
beaaty of lino rivnilcd thoir of hi* iniuilcr 
CanovB. A woodcut pi>Tirait, from ndniwin|{ 
by 8. Pearee. accomiiauies n mtanoir of him 
in Ihe ' Art Journal, l8uU. 

[.Am Joiimal, Aqs. ISAO I Osiil. Miia. 18M, 
li. W; KoitrrvTe** Uicl. of Anisini Koyal 
Aeadony caUloeocat] S. H. O'D. 

WYATT. Sin THOMA.S (1B03?~1I>43), 
poet,anlyMnof Sir lUnry Wyntt and Anne, 
daugbtcrof John Skinner of KcigntcSui'n'y, 
wu bom about KiO;), at hi* father'* n«i< 
dmcp, AlIingTon Cmitlu, Kent. Tlio ' inrgui- 
nitto pn*t morletn ' of hia father, doled iu37, 
tDOCcuratoIy deacrihea him as then aged 
* twenty-eiftht years and apwards,' 

Sra HraBV WT*rT{A lM7),the father 
of tine poet, rcnstcd tho preteoaioiu of lli- 



obard III lo thit throne, and wm in conM> 

S|uence nmated ondimpriiinedtn tbuTuwec 
or two jeara. AccorJms to hi* sons state- 
meot he was racked in iCiubard'n pcvdrnce^ 
and vinegar and muatard ivera forc/d dov 
hi* thniat. There is an old tradition in 
family that whiU in IhcTowsr neat brvn^ht; 
him a pigeon arory day from a nciftbbouruig 
dovecot and thu* laved him fivm stoiTation. 
There ia no l'oii temporary OOnSrmaliou of 
the l««end. The Earl or Itotnnet, who ml 
dirMt^ deaoended in ihe femolelinn IVoulI 
ths WyattfL, ikwvssm a curious hnlf-lnngtb 
pnrtnit of Sir Il*ni:y oeaied in a priion eiM 
witli a (Mt drawing toward* him a pigeon 
through the gruting of a window. Lord 
Romo^v also puMeseea a oecond pictura of 
' The cat that fud .Sir Ilenrv Wvatt,' beside 
a small bust portmii of Sir (lenry. 
picture*, illiui Til tiller the tradition ot the cAt 
(DOW nl Lord llomni-;'* house, 4 L'jipiT Bnl- 
mve Street, London), repreMint Sir ileary , 
\VvaU in advanced y eon. and wutvobviousLyJ 
paiuttid ou hearuv evident very long afleif 
the dat« of the alleged wenls they cinitu 
dnpicl. TheWvfttt pBpers.drannupin 17? 
rolato that Sir llenry on his n-Wm- from C 
Tower ' would cTpr mnhe much of cnta, 1 
other men will of Ihair spaniel* or huunda.'1 
Oil ilie uoueBsiou of Henry VXX \\yDtl wul 
not merely liberated but was admitted loj 
the privy council, and remained high in thft 
royal favour, lln wn* ono of lli^nry VEl'a 
executor*, and one of Henry ^'IIl's Buar» 
dian*. Henry Mil trenieil bim with no 1 
teoi (Wusi deration tliaii Lin futher had ahown 1 
him. He waa admitled to the privv couacUJ 
of the new king in April I'i09, and became ( 
a kniKlit nf l.lin llnth on IIX July fi^llnwing. ' 
In L'll I he wnsmndnjoiullv with Sir 'lliomaA \ 
H<i!ej-a Iq. r.] niinntable of Norwich ciutln 
{Letteri and J'apers of Ueni-y VllI, L No. 

3008), and un :iV Julv of the muno year waa 
grunted an eataM called MoideDOOle. at Eat- 
(Tarstoue in Bwkahire. At tlia battl^of lli» 
l^purs be served in tlM vanguard (Itt Auk. 
1AI3). lie b«cama treaaursr to iha> hing's 
ehambnr in ISIM, but rnignod that oflicc to 
Sir Itrian Tuko on U8 AprU 1628. Uo hod 
purchnied in \iVri tbu caitlu and estate of 
AUiugtunnear Maidstone in Kent, and mado 
the place hisprincijialrMideiice. lienrvVUl 
t'iailed bim there in lA^T to meet Wolujr 
on his return from the continent. Wvatt 
nunainod friendly nith Sir Thorns* BoleTii 
I the fatlier of Queen .\uue Holnyn 1, who had 
l>eeu bin colleague ul Norwieb, and resided 
at Hover Cottle in Kent. Sir Henry died on 
lU Nov. 1CS7 (7nv- P"ft taorl. -Hi ifen. VIII, 
m. £>, and, io Kcoordanci> with the directiooa 
in big will, vhich was proved ou SL Fel>. 



Wyatt 



184 



\\'yatt 



K' 



1637-« (CromwU, t. 7), was buried at Mil- 
ton, ncnr timvwend. 

At tirelve jaua of am Ibe Mn Tbomu 
WBH admitted of St. John's Collfg«, Cam- 
bridge. IT« KTodiiatnl thnri! B.A. in 16IB, 
anij M.A. in lAiK). Tbittv in a voKun tradi- 
tion lint lie b1»ci »liidied at OsSarA. He 
marrird i>aily— in lli^OiwliKn not more tlian 
(erRiiitwii — ^liut iM a boy b« bad made the 
a«liiaiutai]i:« of Antiv iloloTn.nnd longaftar 
ibu (lute f'f bid iii«rring<i W'jalt wiw re- 
garded »!> her lovRr. Il<^ snan Hnii{{bl nfficiitl 
aloTmnnl, and bi-comi? cjquire ot tliu 
rto iliif king. Ill Ifi-'l III- wn» njipointrd 
detk of iUe king's jcwrl a. but fbc elalr'Uii-ut 
that bo lupL-wdti] liL>< lalbvraa IrLVHUrer to 
ibBtinpecbauibf r i* «n invent ion of J, P, Col- 
lier, wbu forgpd Antrim in oilirinl |iHneni in 
BUliport of it iTm^fyan I'apri'i, Cnmn. Koc; 
SiMi'NDit.aV ThoTiuXs Ji'vnll anil /til I'oeau). 
At ClirintmoA lG:j(i hv ilmliiiguiKlinl htmiiEir 
nt n court ti.niruBUii-nt. Ncit yttiirbu Bceoin- 
paiiii^J Sir Tboinaft Cbencj' on a diplooiatic 
miMiion to Frnnce. 

In Jannnry lAJfi-? ho nrrompnnipd Sir 
John Itiiurll, (hn ambiuandnr, Ui tbftpnnnl 
courl. Tb« iiiory ii told tlini ItuiwTll in lii» 
ournejr down tlio Tbninua cnuouiii^nKl 
WriLtt. and,' after »alutalLona,WM demanded 
ufliim wbitber hv wt'iil, and bad au»iwi<r, 
"To Iraly, wnt by ibn king." " And I," 
said Wyatt, "will, if jon plnow, n«k leuTp, 
gBl moiiiiv, and (pi with you." " Xo man 
moni widi-onip," un»wcn?d tbo ambamador. 
So, this at^cordinttlv dont', ibuy poupd in 
pout lo^-tber" ( U'uatl MUX.) Wliile 
abruud at tbis time, Wyolt vidited Venice, 
Ferrara, BoloL'tia, How nee, end ltom«. 
Ril8Bi?ll broh? bi> !>')( nt Itoinn, and Wysit 
nndortonh to nrgotaiite on bin bphulfwith 
thn Vi-nutian republic. On hi* fntiim 
joumi-y towards Itoniu be was tak<^ captive 
DV tliv iinperiut forcvs under (lio constabltr 
lEourbon. and a ransom of Ibrev ibouaaiid 
ducat« wen demanded. Wyatt, however, 
eecnped to Dolo^n. 

Oa KRittiiig agnin in ICnKlnnd Wvatt 
mjoiiind thp (Miurl. but in 1628 and 1530 
be r-hiofly upt-nl liis lime nt t'alBia. wbnrc 
be ncccpli-d tbi> post of bif-li-manbn!. His 
relalions wilb Ann<? Dolc<yu euiitinued doae 
until bet favours were sought bvlIiMiry VIII, 
Tben it is («id that he IVnoKl^ coiif-^esed 
to Henry Iho chnmctw of lii« iniimney 
witli b^r (c;f. II\ici'«)'ii:li>, Prrtt-ndfd Ih- 
rnrci:), and wami^i him aRninrtt mnrrrinB 
u woman of bluraijlu-d tbaructi-r. In 1233 
hi! WBJi awom of the privy council, and 
at Axme'ii voroiiatiuu on ^\'bit Suuday 
of that y«ar be acted as chief 'ewer«r' 
in place of bis father, and poured scented 



3 



water over the queeo's banda. The atocr of 
Ihe Spaniah chronicler that Ilenr; tner- 
wards banished Wjatt ^m court lor (wo 
nars is anconnboifated. In tbo Fpfiog oT 
IftSfi he wan rngntcrd in B healed ooaUni* 
rcr*T with Eliwboili Itcde, abbou of Wert 
Mailinfi, who declined to ob«v the ordM* 
of the L'ovcrnmeut lu admit Wyatt to con- 
fiscated property of the abbey. He was in 
attendanc« on the hine early in 1090, bn 
soon aflerwardn the discoTeiv of Aaae> 
pnct-niipiinl in6drliiim crMtcd at ooort an 
atinn*|)hcin' of luipicion, which tliT««t«nMl 
to uvttrwlielm Wynlt. Oa fi May 1686 b» 
nan wmmittpd iu the Tower, but it was 
onlv intended to employ him aa a witnesA 
asaiust the queeo. Croswel] wrote to 
Wyatt'n father on 1 1 May that hii Ufa wa« 
to be iipari>d. Ko legal prixrcdio^ were 
tahnn ajtainst liim, and he wai rcluaaed on 
14 Jimc. Ilia niatur Mary alteinled Qohoi 
Anne on the auaflotd. A miDialure mano- 
H'riiit l>ook uf urnvers on vellum bound in 
gold (enamellea blach^, which now belongs 
to Ixird Romney, is aaid xa have been givvn 
bj the qurf^ to a lady of %^'Tntt'a family. 
(A TPiy iimilnr volume and bindini; i« 
nmotiK tbo A»hbumliani MSS. at the Btiii^ 
Miixeum ; cf. Arfhtmtii^ia, xliv. SiVii-'U). 

Wyatt made allution l« the fatal month 
ofMay iu oneof biaaonnels; butfaehadaot 
forfeited the king's favour, and the miiu- 
ntnr ('romwell thenceforlh tfnated him with 
marknd contid<uieo. In October IG3B be wan 
given B command againrt thu rebeU in Ub- 
colnnbire, and he was knighted vn 18 Haidi 
Iu3U-T. In tfiSThebeeameabnilfolKent. 
Id April of the same year he vaa appoioUd 
ambMsador to the emperor, in sncceaaioB I* 
Itir.hard rate,nnd bn remained abroad, auwllj 
in t>pRin, till April IfiSD. The negotiation* 
in idiich lie won cngnged wvre aimed nt sn- 
curiiiR friendly relations between the emperor 
and lleuryMIl. The diplomacy proved 
intricate, and although Wyatt dttplaved in 
its conduct Migacity and forwiglit, he acflteved 
no Bilb^tantiiu succe«t. 11" t'niind time in 
Ifi.t? to *i^nd interesting letten of moral 
advice to hii unn (printed by Nutlt. In May 
153!^ Edmund Uounur [<|. v.] and Simon 
ileyniM [q. v.] were ordensd under a special 
comuiiHtiion to Nice, wher« the emperor wat 
flaying, to join Wyatt in dissuading \am 
from taking part in a general oonncil con- 
vened by the pope at Moanu. WyaH 
mtKTtainrd Honner and hia companion ■I' 
VilU Franco, when^ tha Engliah embnsi^ 
hoc! Eetiirad opanmenta remote from IW 
heat and crowd of Nice; but Wyatt re- 
sented the preaeuce of coadjulon and treatad 
them mtb apparent contempt. Bonner > 



^^ 



Wyatt 



»8S 



Wyatt 



Ulinuxl br wriling to Orommll (from tlloi«, 
3 Sept. liaS) that Wjatt wu ensaiied in 
tnitorout coRwnmdcocii with ItiigiruiM 
Pola, lived looMly, »od uuid diareiipectful 
luiKUkfrc to tbfl kioff (cf. Inuur T(^m(il« 
Petyt MS. No. 47. f 9; printed in Cmf. 
jUoy.lSAO.i. 6^3-70). (.'romwell.tsUunch 
friend of Wyat.l, ignored the iLCCtiMlioii, and 
on 27 Nov. lfiS8 wrote t^ him in tHrma of 
confldnncti. ^^'yntt wtui rucalled to Englniul 
ID Ajiril h'i39. 

In I fan foUoving Dwember tie was d«i»- 
pudwd to Flanders to interview tli« emperor, 
Trbo tnt on the point of pnjinti: n Tif>it to 
tiwhinrftrFriinceia Paria. Tliithrr Wyntt 
folloiTM the «tnpnrnr. In January 1640 
Wratt w«» cntncially n-qiWHlod to iiiwuru 
from the KtancA court tke nrrest at aWclsh> 
man luuned Bmncelor, au ally of Curdiual 
Pol«, wUo had taken *«rvire in tlio hoiiiio- 
liold of (he rmperor, and won with him in 
Paria. Wjatt faiWd to Mcum thn arroit of 
Ibe nan, who appnilod to t^e emperor and 
to the French coviminiMLt for protecliou. 
Wjatt pTcuvd liiL> mailer in uii uudieuce of 
tbu rmpflror, but hi* provi'd uiiconciliator^. 
H*iirv Vlll.on hearing from Wyett of his 
dilftculties, inMriiCI'^d uim tn rr.main firm. 
Wjatl fotlnwrd tlie caiprror to DrusxeU 
«Iia boidly rpni-'u-i^l hia tiilrfiiii™ wilboui 
pmult. Wjntl's iiiabilitv to improve the rt- 
latifltu brtwton ilviiry VIH aud the euipuror 
were in psrt reapotuuDle for CromwellV fall. 
In IJHU he relunied from the l,ow Coiin- 
DM*. 

AJW Qromwrir* nxccution Itonnor and 
UwjBM renanrcd tlioir old attach upon 
Wntt. Their c)iarg«a nun now treated 
•moualr, and Wyatt ira» wnt to the Towrf 
at tha MtDe time aa another inDooenlally 
of Cromwell, Sir John Wallop [q.T.] W^aii 
vas privatvly iafomi^d of thn acciiaation, 
and sent an alaboratc {lapur of riplanationa, 
dnnyinjc with much apiHt tlint any Ireaion* 
ableiotoRt could be dedueiiU frum niiy reports 
of Ilia coorenatioD (ef. //or/. M.S. '78, arts. 
6^ 7 1 Brat printed bv Horace Walpole iu 
MueMiiuous Anriyuitii'ii, 1773, ii. 1^1-54, 
from a transcript mndn by lh« pout (irny). 
Dut acfiririllng to a Ict.tnr wnt by the lordn i 
of ibn councU to Sir William Howard on 
26 March 1541. Wvntt ' ctinfasied uppou hia j 
cxamtnation, all tlie thiuf^s ubitcit-d unto 
bim, in a like lunienlable aud pittfiiU sorto as 
Wallop did. whiciie tnrely were grevoua, de- 
hnmg bis aubmiwion in writing, declaring 
UOle butoi7of hi* oilvnoo, but with n hke 
prolMtotion, that ths aome proconUd from 
nim in lu* n^ and folUho vayngloho* tan- 
taxie witlioui apott of malice ; yuldiug him- 
self only tokisaiajeaiieemarcyiwilhoui the 



whicho he aawn h« might and mint ni^M bo 
juately condcmpoed. And the contempla-. 
tion of which Bubmiaiioii, mid at thn f(r<^ntni 
aud coutynual sute of the tfuenes Majeatie, 
Hia lligdoMi, being of bia owue uobI vodly 
nature encl^riied to pilie and Dieter, hath» , 
givpn him hia pArdon iu na large and aiov 
aorti! aa hia grace gnsr. tholbcr In Sir Job 
Wallop, whiclie pardona ho dplyvnrcd, and 
lliey Bent for to totue hiiher to lltgbiioK at 
Dover.' Thenceforth the king's favour wna 
secure. He bad adiled the estate of Itoxloy 
to hia large K«nti"h properly, and now ; 
■■ciived granla of land at l.nmbiilh nnd else 
wbi'TL-, cxclutnging aome of hia land iu Kent 1 
for other eatatia in IJoracl and Somert(it.l 
He waa made hi|;b alrword of the manor of ' 
Maidsloue. and early iu IG-l^ hewiiarrtumc'd 
to parliament a* liui|{ht of ibe Hliirv for 
Kent, In theeuottuer of lu4:^ be waaaent 
1(1 l'*almoiith to conduct llie itniierial am- 
bouodor to l,ondoii. Thn heat of the weather 
and the fatigue of the journey brought on a 
violent fever, which compelled him to halt i 
at Sherborne in Dorset. There Wyntldicil,! 
and on 11 Oct. Ki4'J he was buried in th» 

nt church of Sherborne. The register 
ribea liim na ' TJr vnnerabitis.' The 
' inniiiailio poat mortem,' daU>d 8 Jan. 
Ifila ,1, enumt'mtea vnat i-statna In KnnC 
|3'1 Hen. VUI. Kent. m. ttO). 

8ir Thomas Wyatt'a (bust) purtrait (with 
flowing black beard and bald head} on panel is 
in the pictnre gal Ury at the Dodleian Library, 
Oxford. I'he I'.arl of Komney (at his I,oa-l 
don rfjiidnnce) owna a portrait (amatl boat) 
on panel by Lucaa Uorucllai. Two otlmr 
similflr poriraits were exhibited at South 
Kensington in IHOtl. Two drawings by lluU 
huin are in cheH'iyxl Library at Windsor: ono 
was engraved r<>r LeUnd'alract in LTli'.aud 
ia aaid lo bare bnnn drawn on wood by Hol- 
bwin. A painting attr-r ono of llnlbeiu'a 
^hntcbt'a ia in the National IVrtrsil Onllrry, 
London. According lo V'trtne, a full-bngth 
portruit was at l)ilfliley, the present aeal of 
V'lSCount Dillon ; it has lung been niiasing. 
The Bodleian portrait hns often been en- 
graved (cf. I)r. Noit'a edition of Wjaii'a 
' Worka,' fronliapici^')' 

Wynil marniKl about IfiSO ElixntMth, 
daughter of Thomna Brooke, lord Cobhom, 
Bud bud by her an only surviving ton. Sir 
Thomas Wyatt [q. v.] His widow married 
SirEdwarJ Warner [li. v.] 

Wjatt'a unexpecled death waa videly 
mouru«d. John iA>land,the antiquary, pub- 
lialuid in 1542 a l^tin rb'gy of much merit, 
' Nmnia in morti'm Thomic Viati iiqiiiiia 
incomparabilia," which was dedicated to tho 
Earl of Sum'y (with woodcut of Wyatt). 



Wyatt 



lS6 



Wyatt 




Tbani (bllowinl ku inlcivituig anonymous 
dibrt : ' Thu KicelLriit EpiMffu of Srr 
Tliomu Wyal, witli two ollior cniapAndioii* 
dytliee, wberin sto (ouriiyd, luid not furth 
tae alato of mnnnas X^fCu. <Imnr;ntvd kt 
Loodnn by John Hcrfnnin far Jtonorlv Toye 
[IMl'I.' ■ilo, 4 ImtmI ; the porunil of Wjnlt, 
m n circle, u reprodut'td from Lelnnd's 
'KtetUB ; ' a jiartial mnEue vriui urititlM * A 
COni|Wiidious ililtit-. wLorviii tli« »Me of 
maus lyfi* is bripfrlv toacbmi,' I^ndon, by 
Thomns Hi-rrln'l«il,.'i.fiin. IWT-.". liut the 
moat inlnrfslina ponlic tribiitva to Wyntt 
■wntw imiil by Siim-y ii> two ikwih!! — ona a 
Honnct and the otbyr an vleay in forly-vi{;ht 
liDtvi vliicli vierv linl iisiblvihvd by Tollel 
in ' Souffwt unrl Souetti'n ' 1 l-ViTl. 

Wyatt bi-[ong«d tolhp cnltivm.'dcircb of 
Henry VIll'* court, lln cluwlj Mudicd 
fortnirn lilnmturc'. and nniuiriMl n hi^li n— 
putation aa a writiw of hii({li«li vtrar-. lie 
ordinarily «bare« willi Henrv Howard, eurl 
of Sumy [q. v.], lliu honour of b(LviUf( inlro- 
duced tlie sonust Trom Italy into iJii* country. 
Bo in bettor entitled to bo tn^nli'd m l.hn 
pioneer. Wyntt wn» Hurtny'* nKiiior by fif- 
IMQ year*. At \Vyntt'« death Sum^y wns 
only twniily-four. Wh«n Wvalt firal nludied 
PBlrnrch's (onnpt* in Italy, Surrey wua 
btti^tlv nine. Surrev niov bu fairly reganlcd 
US \Vyatt'it disotpua. Wyatt wrote b<ith 
sacred and teoular Terw, bnt none nf hii 
COia;iositiOiiB wero publi'linl in bin lifrtimR. 
Bis sacred ih>sri», in which lie idiown the 
Uiflnaoceof l!aiit(! and AlatnBiuii,apptiu«d in 
1A48 a* ' Ortnyne X'lalmM chosun out uf 
tlu PMltrr of Ujiuideommonly called the v^ 
p«iyt«ntial1 l'siilin«s, draweii into Knglyclie 
■netw by Sir Tboiou« Wyat, liiiyKht, wliete- 
mUO ia added a prolo^n of th(^ iiiictnrc before 
every PmIida Tl^^y plenmni and profi'ttable 
to the godly render. Imprintud iit Limdon 
by Thoman Kaynald and John Hurry ii^loii, 
MbXLIx. 4lu.' A Buunvt in I>rallfl^ o1 the 
booV by Surreiy is prHtlx«d, nmt i» r^'prinled 
iiiTotlers'Sougvsand SonitllM* fnd. Arbnr, 

fi. ^8). The work ia dndicnUid by tho printer 
larrvngtoo to William Wrr, marqnia of 
Non tianipwn. 

Many of Wyatt'inecular poem* wet» first 
prinird in l&o'. with those of Surrey and 
•oincanonyniuuacoai«inporaTie«,by Richard 
Tott«l, in tho volume called '800^ and 
8onett«e,' which ia crnnmonly ({UntiHl as 
' Tottel'sMlMMlllany.' ?tincty-*ii pni>nu nm 
thne sMignrd to ^^\att out of a total of 
810. In Notl'« edition of the wotlis of 
SuTtfy and Wyatt (iHlo-lti) miporlaut ad- 
ditions to tbucollecliou of Tottel wvre made 
ham manuscript tources. Tho most bti- 
Uirically intcrMtiug of Wyatt'a suiriTing 




[lOvRis are thirly-oae reti<>l*r ootincU; of 
ihme leo are direct trantlniiuns of I'etrarch, 
and many oth«r« betray his inlluenoe. Tbs 
mctn- U nmplifted froea tbe Italian moddf 
and Che two comclBdin^ line« iisiiallT form & 
thymcd couplet. The mt wT Wyatt * po«nu 
consistofrundeniiii.rpif^ramfilyncsinTarioni 
short mHrnt, Dod latim in botoie coupktt 
llii muse «M largely inutattve, and Fretie 
and Sputish terw was laid un^ contribu 
tion nil wall aa ItaltaD. Bis episram on«a] 
imi late the «enimMf 1 of S«railao dell' Aqnils. 1 
His nlins are inspiml hv a study of Hofaca 
or Persius. Wyatt 's poetic nffbrta nfinn lack 
gracv, bill T«m6catiua ii at timei cariou*!^ 
uocoiitli, his sonnets ore •tnuncd and nrti- 
llcial in (tyle aa well sain seulimmi; but 
ho knew tho value of metrical mlo and 
iniuieal rhythm, ne the ' Addiw* to hi * 1 
Lute ' amply nttovt.i. Deqiit* his penulwQj^H 
imitation of foteicn modefai, too, lit ^Mpl^^^l 
at all points an individual cnrriEy of tliou^tf^' 
which hi«diBCLplu Surrey neTeraKainad. As 
n whole his work i?viucea B rohiulcr ttuta 
and inlnllrct than Surrvy's. 

' Tottsl's Slinc-Uany ' was coBMaatly re- 
printed [aeo IlciwAiii), llnxKT, Hdmx. op 

SfRREI : roriEL, ItlL-llABU]. Wyntl'iil 
were ei'parately rpprint«l from ' Tottel 1 
celbuy twice in 1717; in Bells ' Annoutc 
Bdition of English Puela'in ItS&l; 
ilnv. (leotf • QilSllau, Ivdiuburf;h, in 
and by Jamas Yaoirell in the ■ Aldine Poets,' 

Tlin pocticjd wor!i» of Wynit and Suimj 
have uneu bc«a edited totri-tber, notably : 
Ibla-lU, byUeorRo I-'redetick NoU (ij. t.] 
who printed many nuwuoema by Wyatt f 
tho lint lime from the llaringion Ms8.) 
thu Diikn of noFOnskiru's maniMccijpt 1 
tion* (2 vol*. 4to), nnd sgnin ia 1631 by I 
IlurriB Nicolas. 

[An rbiborst'' Riimoir by Nott la prcftasd t> 
l)i« wliliuii cr Wyult's nrki (1816); a ftv 
addiiioQs sre moda by Niculw wmI Yaovall hk 
tboirtvspcclincdilionaof Wyatt'anoiaa, JtAn 
Bruca, in Otiiit. Uag. 1610, ii. 33SaeaL,gaitta 
Mnoxof valuable riimcta touclunff Sir IliMnaA 
oiraer from tlia Wyut manuacripta, a ramwm 
of a collaetion uf fHinHj paiMtit made ia \'31 
l>y a drnviiduit. KichanI Wralt (16*3.1713} ; 
in 18A0. when Bnico aiod Uitao, thwc itEvn 
were in th« paatMsimi of Iha Bev. B. 0. ll^vliM 
(if RiTrnhall. l{*i<«i, but they Bera Dkodo onr 
ill 1873 tu the I^rl ctf Bomncy. ia «bow a«ew 
Ion' pameiiion they had formerly l><va: ikay 
nrd now tbn prt)p«ny of thn prt9#ot. oirl (inhr- 
iiiHiioii kindly jiiveii by Ibe Kun. R. Itaraha»> 
Ton-nchoad). Mr. Cnvv litosno in bis RialMy 
of Dial (17 Parish, MsidKiona, ISBCpp. lit srq., 
iiindn tiiine ste of the Wyatt USL 8h alM 
Arbar'a ptcliwc to hi* reprint of Totlera UHCaU 






Wyatt 



187 



W'yatt 



1S70 ; CoOMr** AtlaaiM CuimIt.; Fioudu'i 
_r; MiwStnnUiiniraQuMDiur Kii|i1jii»I : 
Bapit's Dmu G tat il horn ales' PoilH da in Coai 
dplltnry VIII. IHiiU ThuBiru'i UitKiricnlKobia: 
HiWtU. OwiHil. rt llnnlilifH. twn wr. \i. lOT; 
Bmrvr nod Oninlncri Ltilen nod Pttjiira of 
II««fjVIU ; Cil- Stnt* Paprr*. SpiiEiali. T.-vL; 
PrtkimnnnV .lanii IkiU'jti ; GiiJiyo Wjrnt'i Ac- 
oxnitar Annn Il»t«i|{ii(>. 1817: HmworV lliMirj 
Till; Wntt'jii'B llisi. of Eniriiih Poetry; IV»- 
Ibwotr CiHinhopf'* Dirt, of Englinh I'ooirr, li. 
44-ST (on inii'ortiinl Rritirnl itmly) : Mr. CKur- 
too Collins in T. K. Wini'i kIikIIi-Ij Potls; 
Hnddf Alichor'i Sir Thoaioa Wjnn unil nciue 
tttcllimil in dcr Knt«icholDns>(leicliichio dcr 
M^inlipo I.itmtur nnil Vdrtkiiiu'C.ViKnnii. IS8G 
[ehiedr dcnlia^ with Wyatt *n mptrn) : Vr'. K. 
SiiDond** f^ir Tbomu Wyaii and hi* Foems 
{BoOAn, 1Sg9].] S.L. 

WYATT, SiB TUOMAS tlu younger 
(16:11 M(>&l),t<iitt{unlov>>'nstli«cldeattuid . 
oolfsurvivtB^Mn of SirThomaa WjbU tlio 
«ld«r [q. v.], by his wifu Ktuabeil), dauglitwr | 
of Thoiou Bmoki>, third lord Cablinm. IIo 
■KOM bmught up no a catholic. Iln ii di^ 
(cribnl a* ' twonty-ooi! yean and iipwr ard* * | 
in ihi! ' inquiulio patt murli-m ' of his father, 
vbkli wiu d4t(.'d li JoD. 1^12-3. Thu Duku 
of Nurfulk WM ona of hiH gudfalh^ra. lu 
bojliood he is Mtid to hAV>^ accoIupaDil^d lila 
fatWf <>n an nnibniaj to Spain, whi>r« tho 
«ld«r Kir Thomiui Wynlt rniB thrpjili-m-d hy 
tha Tnc|iiiiltic)ii. To thia opiindo hiu licrn 
trai^ird an irmnovabtu dt^Itstnlion uf Ili» 
Spanisli ii^uvcniiiivutjliul thi.- anui'ilulv 19 pro- 
UtMy apoi^ryptml. All thai i« uoHJI.ivvly 
IniowD of luA relationa wJT.L his father while 
lb« lalt(<r irna in Spnin ufound in twolpt.ters 
vrhicb therhlcrU jnlt addnawedfrnm Spain 
to tli« youiiftrr, thou liftoan yurn old. llio : 
lettiira fnii? much •ound aurnl advici\ In | 
IKI7 young Wyatl nuuricil wlicn barely ais- 
t«en. lie suoceedt'tl on hiit father's denlh in 
lti43 to Allintrtou Cattle aod Ooxley Ahbvy 
in Kpot, with much ntlwir ]iroperty. But 
Ui* caUitA WM cmhnmuuiHl, and ho parted i 
with aomcaut)yinj(landcon .W Xov. IJMSlo 
tha king, ractuviug for them •),ti69/. 8*. 2d. 
la imi h« sUenntiMl, ton, ihu Qat«(e uf 
Tamnt in Doraut in favour of a uatunil *on, 
PruKiS Wyatt, who»« mother n-aa EHiiabet h, 
d«ughl«r <4 Hit Rdmrd Darrel of t.iitleoite. 
Wy*tt wu of (cnwtrhnt wild and impiil- 
•iT« tcBBparamafit. At nn rarlv nen he 
IimI nude tliu neouaintonen of hi* falhrr'n | 
diMnph), H«nry Uoirard, unrl of Surrey 
[(!• v.l, MiJ during Ltiiit I<>43 hu ioiiii>d 
tiitTTvy ftnd Otli«r younfj men in brenking at . 
night th0 windows of cili»a)i' houses and of 
London chctcbof. Th«y wore arwAted and 
brought before the privy council nn 1 April, 
uid they wcra cbugitd not mcivly with acts 



of vi(il«ui'^, hut with havinjt cutpn mmitl 
dunitg Lent. Surrey cxpluainl lliat his 
RffoTta wera diroct«d to nwaVcaing tbu ciii* 
tea* of London to ft tuiae of ain. Wyi 
una inclined to deny the cliaivM. He 
inaiued in iIih Towrr lill 3 May. lu lb 
ftiiTuma of UAZ Wyatl joini-da regiment < 
ToiuDleers which Siim'i miicd at hit on 
ezp^iniie tn Inkc part in llin aicgf) '>f I.an- 
ilrrcif^. Wynlt diKtiiiguialicd himtrif in th« 
mililnrv oppmliiinj. ond wim highly com- 
tneuded by Thoinu* Churchy an), who naa 
|ireF«nt (ef. CHrncuvtBD, PlfaMil JJit- 
nmne yf Court and of Wan, loOS). In 
]?ii4 Wynlt took part m ihn wge of Itou- 
logni? and won given rupon*ibln twrnmnnd 
n<!Xt year. Wlicn Surrey beciuiic govtrnof 
, he ioiti<!dthc ICngliah councillbrr^lll Juno 
: ICiu). SurTev.irrilingtoKenr)- Vm.higiilv 
, eommeudcd Wyalt's'hardiuowi, puinfulne 
circunuipuction, and natural diepoeiliiMi 10^ 
I tbewar. nef^enisiohaverecaiuiivdabroad 
till the snrrendnr of Donlogne in IWO. In 
NoTenilNtr IfSM he won named n o»aimt>- 
I *ian«r to delimit the IdiRliah frontier in 
FniDco, but owing to ill-hvnlth wni unabli* 
to net. SubdMuenlly be claimed lu bnvoJ 
stirvMl Queen Mary apiinst the l>uke ofj 
Konhaiuberlaoil when the dnbe aiieiupi« ~ 
tn gncurn the ihronu fur his ilnught<n^in- 
Inw, l.ndy.lamt (!rey. Ifiit he look no welU 
deQnril port in public ailiiiri at home until ha 
learimd of Quucii Mary's rmolvo to many 
Philipof ^pain. He re^'orded Ihealep m on 
otitnigvou the nation's lionoiir, but, uccord- 
in^ to his oirn account, nev^ ihoucht of 
pnblicly ^otesting ngainsi it nniil Iw t*- 
cuivcdon inTitnlionfrom Kiliranl (^anmnjr 
: [q. v.], sari nf Dernnihitc, to join in n ffpat- 
I ml inturrcolion iliroughuut the country tot 
the purpose of pTeventiiif* l\v^ aceonptiih* 
ineut 01 ihu queen's plan. IIv cheert'ullyj 
uudertciok toraisu Kunt, l(el)i wasvnguelyJ 
prnroised him by the French ambasaidor. 
The nfKrinl nnnoiincnnjaDt nl th« ntnrris 
vim nnhliahed mi 15 Jan. I6A3-1. SeT4<n^ 
da^a Inter Wyatt suninion«<) hii fticndn anil 
ncrighbour* to meet at AUinglnn t'u.iilr; 10 
diacuKf means of reaistance. He ollvred, if 
ibuT would Bileupt an umed telwlliou, 1 
leaj llio insurgent force. Libe endttavou 
made by Coim«n(iT, tko Earl of SaJfoUc, ^ 
Jnmr* Ctf^ta, and Sir Petvr Cnmw, to ucit 
nboltion in other conntiei failed [M«C*KnP|l 
SibPstbb]. ThoinatignturnFlBOffharowM^ 
nil afTcalt-d hefon' Ibey liiid time to motura 
their designs. Wvstt iia« thus forced into 
iho position of chief aciuf in (he atinclc on 
the goTtminent of the quern. He str^ght- 
nny publiahnd a proclamntlnn at MaidstoMi 
which wu addtc«icd * unto the conuoou' <i£\ 



L 



Wyatt 



188 



Wyatt 



KmI. He u«tcd that Ut ooone bwl been 
amiwrcd bf ■ dvteni of the b«Bt ef the ibtre.' 
H«gU«iits Hid ftModa were itrg«d to wcur* 
dw •dratecBMal of * IJbeny Md comtBoa- 
wMltb,' wbidi warn inptrilUd bv 'the 
qoeea'B dctcnuiuM piMtUN to mArrr with 

'Wjraii shoired hiiMelf wortbj of hu n- 
moiMiUlititii uiil taadhiapUiis witb boUnMi. 
n«*i1la*,tbe " — rli mViin-'", wrot« tku 
Ke VM ' wtwt fu de(l koHoie TailUnt at 
da bofuw eoodmctui' aad M. d'Orul, tbe 
Frencli ■mlwoiiiliir in ScotUnd, vbo «ru at 
the tine in Ijondon. infcimii>d (he Krencb 
kin;, bui naMcr, that \%'^alt ma 'ung 







Kodar his MoiiMaBd, wlula fiva tboaaaiMl 
pToaiiaedadtoaaoaU(«r. IIo fixed hi* bead' 
4iwit«(» at tha CMtla of Rocfacalrr. Sofne 
etaatm and aBiniutilkin wpre swntljr aeot 
hui ap Uw H«dwaj' by agvnla is I»udoB ; 
bMtOTiM w«TC Cfeetcd to coaunand tba paa- 
n^ of tb* bridfa •! R«^«at«r and tW opp^ 
•ilA bank of tbo rivpr. Wbca tbo nav« of 
Wjrntt'i action n-achnd Ibe queen and go 
venuncnt ia Landoit, a proclaaialiian waa 
imwd offBTinr pudon to Biieb of hi* Mlowan 
Mtlioald within tveaty-fow boHra deput 
pMeMbly to their kotoML Roraloneetairiih 
ihtir tataincis irm dea^tcfcad to d it p w e 
•nell partiM of Wystt'a aaaociatM wbilr on 
their war to KoebedAr: f&r Robert Souib- 
wdl hrolcc ap one band under an innirgent 
aaaed KneiPt,- Lord AbergBrenn^d^feMod 
UOthet teiDforcirmeDt led bj a friend of 
Wyatt atued IiWy: the ciiirene of Canter- 
bm i^l^Ktod Wyait'a eatn«tiea to join him. 
•M dertded hi« thraata. Wjratt namtainod 
tbatfiiTitof hi> fnllowrrabTannannetBg that 
he Miljr exDHTii'd luccoar from Ftuiof, and 
eircnlated ulae rvporU of aucccaafiil riainga 
in other puteef the oountrT- Some of Ue 
follower* aeat to the eoiuteil oflera to raum 
to their dutj, and at ih* end of Janaaf7 
W wtt'a fonniiea looked clenwnl*. But tlw 
tido turned for a Mtaw^n in hi* farour when 
tha ^caniiBent ordRrml tbc Duke of Norfolk 
to Bareh from l^ondon upon Wjratl'i main 
bodj, with a detachmait of whi[c^-coa1<yl 
ffuards under tbe oomnaod of Sir ll«>nry 
Jcminghei. The nuntenn* gtye Wfalt 
•n uaexpeoted advaotsfe. Tbe duke viu 
followed tmoiedi«I«ly hj firo hundred Tvnt- 
donerftbAKily collected bjroao Oaptain Bmt, 
and wee afUnrarde joined bj the •fanrifl' of 
Kant, who bad called out the trained banda 
of the eountj. The form tbua vmbodii'd hy 
the fovenuneot waa inferior in number CO 
WTall'e, sjiid it included many who were 



ia ajnipathj with the rebd*. Aa eoon as. 
ihej caste withh) toocb of Wjait'a fonee M 
Bodieat^r. the majoritj of ihecn jotaed hn, 
aud the duke with bis principal offlcen Red 
towaida GraTfamd. 

Wjatl wt out for l^oadoa at the bead of 
four thomeaod uea- liefbnndthe roadopen* 
Thmogh Daitford andOnreaeod he manned 
to Bladtheath, when he encamped en 39 Jan. 
16&S-t. The goverameait acfaowledmd the 
eaieMBwe of the ntuatMB,aBd srat weaU 
a neaiue iaridag hioi Co fomnlat* his de- 
mand*, hut thia eras onlr a mcani of mining 
I time. On 1 Feb. ISM Uarr pro««U<] to the 
(iDtldfaall and tAArrarA liiecilixco* of Lon- 
don on the nasi o[ mntmg the danger •na- 
matitj. \N'7sti vas pcDclaimed a nahor. 
Neit laocniag laore tlian tw«aiy thouaad 
Been earoUed their namM for ibe protection 
of the r>tT. Special pMcaatkuu wrre taken 
for the wcoril ; of the court and the Tower ; 
coanj bridges over tbe Tlameai within a 
distance o( fifteen milra were broken down ; 
all pen* in the ne^bourhood of London 
receiTed orders to nue their teasntry ; and 
on 3 Feb. a reward of lead of the annual 
Talue of oae haadred poxad* a jear was 
oflertd the captor of Wjsti'i paeon. 

TbeMaedar Wmt entertd Soutbwark, 
but hie foUowi-n were alarmtd bi the re- 

Et of the gotwnmni's actlTJij. Many 
rted. and Wyatt found hiniM-lf ooiif 
pelled by tbn baitmi^ on tbe Tower to 
evacuate Soathwark. Turning to tbc aonth 
he directed bis ■tepa towards Kinpton, 
wbm be arrit-ed on Feb. (Shrore TtUMsy] 
The riror waa cnMsed without fScalty, 
a plan was formed to MipiiH Lndgat*. 
the way Wyatt hoped to eeslom St, Jsiaes' 
Palace, whm Quean Maty aad takm tefuva.' 
But hi* *chrme* were qnickir brtntnl to toe 
([oTfmnKHit. A coancil v{ war liedtlcd to 
allow him to advance upon the city sod lb«a 
to prcaa on him from eren anartev. B» 
tffooeeded on 7 Feb. tbrouca Ketinngton to 
Hyde Psric, and htd a Aarp ikirmiBh st 
Hyd* Park Comer with a troop of Infantry. 
Bwsping with a diminiilicd (oUoviojr. be 
made hi* war pnat ^t. JaoMs'a Palace. I'ro- 
cnxliD{{ hy Charing Croat sleog the Strand 
and Fleet Sinet he rcacbed LiMgaie u, two 
o'clock in the moraing of 8 Feb. The gata 
was d)ot agaiiut him, sod he was without 
the means or the spirit to csrry it by «ja«ult. 
itixnumbenidwiiMledin thepsMage ihnugh 
I.iODdon, and be rctreaied with very few foK 
lowera to Tempk- Her. Tbtro be was net h^ 
tbe NoTTOy h«caUl,aad, reoogniiiag that his 
cauae was loet, ha made s Tolnntst^f inb- 
miaaion. AA«r heiag tskea to Whit^isU, 
he wsa commiitod to tbo Tower, when the 



tan, 




lieut«ii»Dt, Sir Ji.iliii BrvJgvg (ft(tcrward« 
first Lord Cbaiulos), receiviM kim with op- 
nrobriona rvfnaehM. On his sRMt the 
rreocb oinbuMdor, Dn Nnaillo*, pud • Iri- 
but«toliU Tftlournnd i;nnlidnncK. Ho wrola 
of faim as ' le pliu vaiUnnt ol uueiirfi ile 
qunvp j'ut'e jnnuuB ouy parlHr. qui a inis 
udicte dumi! ut M^ignl!u^H in nan conseJI en 
uiht et *i gniide jivur, qti'ulla a'««t toho 
pwl'Mpaceoe hiiici ioitre nn biwisle dn m 
COumnnv ' ( AmAaMailri de Noaillai, iii. A9). 
On Ifi March he wo* nrraif[ti«I at Went- 
niiuter of hijili tn-aion. wus romli^miiod, 
and •ratciiced lo dealli \t'o\irlh Rrp. D'/mli/ 
Sftftr t(f Records, Ap[j. ii. jiji. :f41-ii). 
On th« dnif appoiiiied for bia execution 

21 April) W var.l m]iirsl<>d I^rd Cliandiw, 
a lieiiti'iiant nf tho Tow<t, lo permit liim 
to tpcak to D fcUo«--priiion<ir, Kdwnnl Coat- 
touj, uarl of llcvoiudiire. Acci>rdiiig to 
Cbanaoc'i nrport W'vstl uu bu kniwa beggml 
Courttfaay ' V) coiJms the truth of himself.' 
Thtf intorview lasted half an hour. It doet 
not appear that hcsaidnnvthingto imp1icat« 
PrinCTM ICIiinbi^tli, but bu hkktu* to have 
iwproached Courtonay wiib being tho insti- 
gator of )iiacrimn(ci.FoiB,i<cf<an'i Mvim- 
ment*,\ii.il,aaiTTTLZk, Uut.o/Eilininll'I 
and Mary, ii. 3'JO). NKvertlioless, at th« 
scaffold on Tower Tlill he miide a sporali 
MSOcptiilK ftill nwpon*ibiIilT Cor bii> itcl« nitd 
(•XCiilpRting nlikti KliznbL'tb and (rounona; 
^Cbroniclfi of Quern Jane and (Jiiccn ilary, 
p. 73; IJ*tI.B», Uut. Iff th' Tower, p. ilii ). 
After be waa Wbeoded, his body was sub- 
JMted to all tlie barbaritlea that lonnei] pnrt 
of puaithment for treason. Next day hiii 
head was hung tn a gnllow* on ' Hay Hill 
beeido II jdi! I'nrh.'nnd lubiiinuRnlly liu limbs 
were dliiribuU-d amona Hitibet* in rarious 
quarti^ri of tho town ^M4i'hyx, Diary, p. 
OU). Iliit head was sti>tru on IT April. 

Wvait murrk-d Ja 1^37 Jane, dougbter of 
Sir William Ilnwte nf IliAbopiboumi', Kent. 
Through hor he ncii'iimd t.h>i manor of 
Warmnif. Shti bom him tim children, of 
whom ilirco marrinil and left imuo. Of 
tbeMadauitbtcr Anna marrior] lio^rTwys- 
d(n,frand(atbi'rof SirRogi'rTwysilynrg.v.], 
and another Charles Srott of EgMrion,lvi-nt, 
<rf the family of Scott of Scntslmll. Thn 
eon (ienrgo was rMtornd to hi* mtalo of 
Itoxlny, Kent, by Qunnn Maiy, and In that 
of Warerine by (Jun-n Elixabuth in IfiTO. 
He collectvil inalvriaU for a lifu of Queen 
Anna BoWn, the mauuecript of which 
paaied to his 8i8t«<r'« grandson, Sir liognr 
Tv7«d«n. In 1817 llierw wn« prlvalnly 
pnnted Iqr Hobeti Triphook from a copv of 
Wjratt** BiaiiiiMript ' rlxtracl* fioni thii Life 
of QuuQti Anne nolcignr, by George Wyat. 



Written at the close otzht X VI th century.' 
The full oriposl manuscript in Geoi^ 
Wyalt's niiloKmpb is atDong the Wt 
MSA, now tht^ property of the Earl . 
Komney. Twyndcn nl*o baind on Wyattllj 
coUections hii ' A«.'ouiit of (Juccn Anna 
Bullen.' whitb was Iirit iaiuoJ privately in 
ISOB ; it has little likl^Tl<!^a lo \S yatt 's anto- 
erapli ■ Life,' The Wjalt MSS. contain 
retleni nnd religious poems be Georg* Wvalt, 
ae wi'll ox n rKiuiation of Nicholas L^nnders'sj 
attacks on tho chamctcrx of tlir two Sir! 
Thoma* Wyntta, (inorgc Wrett, wlio died ' 
in 10^3, waa fatlier of Kir brancis Wyatt 
in. V.J 

A portrait of Sir Thumu Wyatt tha 
younger in profile on panel belonga tothSi 
EnrI of Ifomtiny, and is now iu his 
rc-kiduncc, 4 Upper Dulgrare Street. 

jUr. O. V. N<)tl> nivujuir (1816) pra(li«l to 
his edition of tlio Worlia of Sir Thomn* Wjatt 
the alder (pp. Ixxiix-icriiilgif e> tlif main fucts. 
An offieial acraunt of Wyatt't frbellion waa 
liMued vilhia h year of bin otivutiaD. nador the 
title o( ■ Historie of Wynto's Ralu'llioo. with the 
order ncd mancr ol ritaixnijj ilm tamf, »le., 
iiinilA hiiJ fump^'Edd try Johu Proctor Iq. v.1, 
Mviinn Januarii, anno ISdS.' re^nlcd in the 
.^niiqiinrinn Brppftflrj, vol. iii. The se«aiint of 
tbu rcbvllion in Gntfton'ii ChtDoicla is «ud to be 
from t)i* p«n uf Oeur;^ Pprren. Holitwhod 
buod hiB complete nnrraliro of the rebellion in 
lit* Chronicte on rriJClor's ilistory. with n few 
liiiit> frointinflnn. A fn* |wrticnlant ue nJdad 
in Stuwti's Aiinale. A full □arrntiTo with many 
documfOti from tlio PaLtic Record OIHfn i* in 
B. P. Crud™'« Hiifiiry of Ornffumid, IStJ. pp. 
lT2Bq. i^Mialiio I>iesl«7 U:j:f. nliledbjr Kcmpo, 
133-301 UiarrofUsniyALudiyn, l&iU-G3(Cain- 
den Soc.); Chtoniclo of Quctn JsriK jiiii! (Juwn 
Mnry (Cnmdon Soc): Wriothmloy's Chronicle 
(Ciitnd«n.^>r,):LinRanl'aBut.i Iroude'iHist,; 
Mitriroll. Omcniugica oi Heraldic*, 11. 1D7 (new 
■OF.); BapBt. Dcui Gcntithommre-PoilM da la 
CnurdolJtnryVIII.pp.Sse bwi.; Cars Btowns's 
Kivtorjr of UoiIdv Pariib. lUaidntona, IHQ'i: 
Wyatt MSS. in the poueaiion of ih« RhtI of 
Ilomoey; iDformatien kioilly pyva by Ibe Hon. 
R. Manhnm-TownshoDd.] S. L. 

WYATT, THOMAS ITENRY (1807- 

1880). architect, born at irf>iighlin House, 
CO. Ituecommon, on 9 May ISO?, was tho 
eldest eon of Matthew Wyatt, police inagi> 
Btratefor t.ambiith, by hi» wifi- Anne, »i>ter 
of Sif Thomas Lawrence [q, v.] {Gent. Mag. 
183^ ii. 44ft). Sir Matltew Dijjby Wyatt 
[q. v.] waa hi« yoiing.-nt brother. In prepara- 
tion for a mor>:Biitili! career lie waa aenl to 
Malta, but on rvturning to Eucluid an en- 
dent liking; fur arcliiti.>cturi! Ud to his beitw 
placed iu the office of X'bilip Chu-les Hard- 
wick \^. T.], who shortly coutided lo him tho 




Wyatt 



190 



Wyatt 




iiupr'rintatd«nco of tomn vitrirhou*M at ^t. 
K.ilbnrini^* Docks, irhii:Ii Iii^wm rmnting in 
<;oUftlk-mit.ion with TSuiiniui Telford [ij. v.], 
tlip i-n^flnn-eT. Clnli*<iiii- llirdwick in 1^2 
to bci|{iii yrnfTki' ua kis own nccouuC lis 
nui^urpd till) BjipoLiiliutMil. of district survejrar 
fur lIackii«T, • iKMl which he resigned iti 
1801. 

lu 1838, do grcBtly had lii» pmotim pni- 
aptinid iindpT n niimbnr of prktrona, nmiin^ 
■wlifim wi-TO tho DuIcR iif Heniifort. th« Eiirl 
of Ili'iibi(;!i, nnd Sidni'V Horbi-rt, tlinllirtiok 
nipaniii-r Itnvitl IlnirnSon, with yrlmin duritijr 
n conDiH.-liun of ttiirliwn jotn he ii-MgnKd 
th? ii»izs courle ul. Camlirid^e, Brecon, 4Dd 
L'ak, lh<^ Wilt« and Diicka Inoallc ujlumB, 
aiid [BUiiy prisat* rwidnncns. 

At ihei'clom of thii fitrtiuirahipheworhod 
indppnndrntly until about ISOu. when he 
hnd thn iijsiii.ani-fof Iiia ion Matt new. iliit 
fincit buildinR wua th<i i-xohangi' at Liter- 
IKWlj thechurchul. Willou was an ambilioun 
tatay lu liombardic architoclur?, and one of 
the earl iwt mod«m building;* in which nionaic 
dpcnration wm Blti<mpt<id in thi» cminl.ry. 
Thn Knightsbridgv brtnrncln wsrn amontt hi« 
moit important undertokingi, and. if thi'j 
mro rather impoiiuK than wautiful. can at 
leiwt bf consideivd an huueiBl and eaiKiblD 
eulutionuf a dillicult problutn. Tu colliibora- 
tioo with Sir Matthew Digby Wyatt h^ de- 
■igned thit garrison cbnpel at Woolwicli. Aa 
faonoitryiirchitMttothc Athi^ninuinhnmftde 
important •dditinnn to lh« clnti-houio, and 
ha it Hho rRpwMinlcd in London by tbo 
Adolpbi Theatre, by eitvuBivc uddiiioni ta 
thv Consumption Floapilnl nt Brompvun, and 
by till' mausiou erwilud for Sir riuJiey Miir- 
joribauk* in Park l^aoe. As «n aoknowUdgeil 
autborily on hospital connlriiclionbc won ap- 
appnintiid )ionornry architect to the Middlo- 
•KX lliispital, citiiiultinif archit«:t to thp 
laniovcominiMionHrs^nddtiiitpwdtheStoclc- 
wfU t'evrr Hotptlal and two hoapitAhi at 
Malln. Hu h<-tdlh» postofroDSiittiDcr arrhl' 
teci to Ihi- IiifurporutL'd Cliiircb lliiilding 
Society audio ihoSiilidbiiryDinccsnnSociely, 
and was conn»cli'd ns diaignor or rfstori»r 
with moNt than IfiO chiirche*. Not only did 
Wyatt hold nn bonoumble position in tho 
Itoyal Institute of BritiihArcoilecta, of which 
liu wun prcnidi'tit from 1870 to 1S73, and gold 
jQi^duUist iu l'?73,but be wasalso an owociatd 
(admitted ItM&j of the Institul4on of Civil 
Koffioeer*, serving on the council in 1^8, 
and acting as honorary architect for thn n- 
CORKtmction of nrcmiM^ cruTic>d out in 1317, 
■sd igvn in IiwS. 

niotigb failing health pi^L'ludi^d full 
pnetico in his later yt'nrs. Wyatt con- 
tinued to partiiripat« uctirely in his pro- 







feision almost to the date of bin duoth, 
nrhicb took place at hi* roddonee, 77 Gnatt 
Kuwtl :Street, London.anfi Aug. 1880. He 
was buried at the chur«ii of Werton Patrick, 
n«ar Boiinptoke, which he had rebuilt partly 
kt his own nipciue. 

Thouiih not on artist of great iwipna]i»r, 
Wyatl wai u scholarly worker. wiLb a good 
knowledge of Torioua itylea. lie desigiied 
with mdineM on dtlur Clanic or Ootluo 
linM, was a eood aliet«Iier, an lAle plauwr, 
clnar-b«td*dln boaineas, and t« many of lu* 
client* a Tnlu«d friend. Hetookanactivopart 
iu the formation of the ArcbileeUf Boiovo- 
IpiiI Society. 

[Acchitofiiiral Publiealion 6odet/« , 
Proc. of Institution of Ciril BnfinMra. roL 
IS80-1. pt. L: Timra. 13 A««. 1880; B«l 
H Aiig. ixsn, xxxit. 130, whom liit of work? 
is giviin i TrHoi. of Royal Inst, of British Atehi> 
lottd. I87e-S0,p.330.j P.W. 

WYATT, WILLIAM (lBlft-ie85), 

scholar and friond of Jemny Taylor, th* 
son of Wiltiam Wyat or w»ait of 
'plebnian ' origin, wo* bom at TodeBbam, 
ucnr .Morclon-in-the-Monb, OlaucMt^nbitV, 
in 1GI6. Ho matriculated fron St, Joha> 
Ool!p;^;Oxford,onlOMudilOS7-8,biit«a* 
prevented by the outbreak of ibe ciril ww 
from taking hi* dciin'n in arts. His dili- 
gence OS a tcbolRr appran to han bMa 
nolnil by Jeremy TnTlor while nt Oxfofil in 
ItMJ, and at (he dose of 1644 fae joined 
Taylor in Wales asaniuuiiUnt toacherat bis 
school, caliwi Newtou Hall (CollegiuBi New 
tonlenie), in thn parish of MsrifihaiMJ 
Aberbythych, CnmmrlheiMhire. lie aeaiM 
to have spent a portion of hin time, at any 
ral^, with Taylors family at Golden Gron^ 
whence he dateii the epistle dedicatory pre- 
fixed to 'A New nnd Kosie Institution of 
nnmmar. Iu which (he Isbonr of many 
ycnres usually spent iu tenrnind tho Inline 
tongun is shortned and mode oan*. !■ 
uiiim .Tnveotutis Cambro-BrittuuiieaL 1<ob- 
don, printnd by J. Young for R, Royaton 
. . . iTie Lane,' 1847, 12ino. WvaU's 
epistle in I^ntin is addrasscd to Sir Chris- 
topher Hntton, nnd is fallownd t^ ww by 
Taylor in English, addressed to Cbristopher 
Tlatton, eojuire. evidendy one of tbe Midls. 
This curious little work, bow excMdiagly 
rare, was published in Tarlor'a nam«, bat 
was mninlv the work of Wyatl, with aooM 
aid from Willinm Nicholsoo (1&91-167S) 
[11. r.] and V. On»rory of Wetintaster 
school. Subamutnitly Wyatt, who was 
much souKht nft^er as n Icnchcr, wm tutor 
in n school at Kvcsbom, and then Makud 
Dr. WilUsm Fuller (1006-1 67S) [q.Y.Jina 




t 



Wyatville 



191 



Wyatville 



priTAtn «i>hool nt TwickoiUiam, MidJlceeii. 
ay rcC(iinmi!a<]utiou oftlMoIitUictillar lii? wag 
cTMiwt KI). ut Oxtoti on IS St-uT. I6(il. 
■nil vrlim Fullt'r bMntne UstiOp ci Lincoln 
tia madv WjhXI liig cliftplnio. Ilo obtnincd 
K pTOtMin4 in Linc>iln (:iithi>i}ml by Fiillnr'a 
favonr (initAllcd aa U May MiiiS. 'vic« 
WillUm liefT, di-ci-jwed'), nml on IS Oct. 
IBBO yn» •dmiliud precentor of I-inculii. 
Id 1681 fae eicliunf^-d ikia prvfarmeul wiili 
Jolm In«Il for Uie living of Nuuuaton in 
Warwi«lt»bir», anil ilieil llieri* in l!i« hrmgn 
ofSir Iticlinrrl Nnwiiig:)ir«< on 9 S^pt. 16S6. 
A copT of Wrnlt'n grnminiiT in Oaiiii OoUqr^ 
Cainbnd|[c, !■ dcMribcd in tome delnil in 
Bonnej** 'Life of Jeremy Toylor " (pp. tH »q.) 
[Wnod'«Ffi«UOinn hi. BIihi, ii. 'J^I^ t'oiicr'n 
Alanmi Oion. 1600-1711 ; La NVrr'ii FHffiKrrl. 
.Inai. ii. 66. 170; Ctnimbrn's Blogr. llluslr. 
of wonniHnhirr. p. S28 ; Willmolt'* Biabop 
jMsnir TsTliir, p. Ill ; Hoon«j'*Lif*af Ji^rniy 
Taylor. D.D., 1814, pp. 4M.] T. S. 

WYATVILLE. Sir JEFFRY (1766- 
ISIO), ttrrliitwt, sou cf Jo!if|iIi Wjatt, ar- 
elui«ct,of niirloii-on-TivuT, waaborain th»t 

C««n n Aug. KM. IIi» grnoilfntJicr wfl^ 
jtunia Wyntt, timbrrr in«rcbant, furmnr, 
knd Bittliitcct, of lllockbrook [Me undirr 
WiATT, James]. At nbout liie njre of 
•^[Iiteni lu> WsD biH Brcliileftiiriil studieii 
■( ibe olHee of Lis unvle 8amud Wyutt, al 
OSBamick Street, London, and frotn 1 791! to 
1799 wu working with JameeWvall [q.T.], 
bIro an unci)?, in Queen Anne SlroDt., In 
1709 bn opened indvpnndnnt practicg at on 
offioe in Atuj Kow, uid in tno atma year 
wu talien into • proBtnbIa partncnhip by 
John AnoHTong. a larRv bailder. of PimlJivi, 
H9 flm exlubitod iu iliL' Royal Academy in 
1786, and aranng bis luanv designH whirh 
mn biini; in that inelitiilioD, nf wbich h« 
WOA an Anfocintii inlftj^andan ru'aili'mician 
in WJO, wiTU iTTcrnl nf na imnginalirn or 
p«cud»-«raluri>lof(i(^al cbnnict'T, mu^h as tliu 
•Banungof Troy' and 'I'riam'j I'ulaeit.' Uis 
employen weremoitlv Kmilfinraof disline- 
lion and rank. Id itO^ lu> designed ulli'ra- 
tiODt for thfl Il*Y, F. Wduijibtou at W'oolley 
Park. |{nrk»hir»i((!iioRr.i; lliriiAiiUBos, AVw 
t'ilnti'int Britrmttinit, vol. ij. pi. .TS-B), a 
ouirt and neverc clnjaic comnosilion. For 
tV- MarquiHof Bnlb (1801-11) be dusiirned 
•a mtjiooe and varirma udditioni at Lung- 
iMt, Wiltaliin-, wilb furtiier f^rd>.-ii build- 
ing" in 1814. In l802-6hei-fecl.-d Noiisucli 
Park lloiun, Siirror, for Snmij.il Karmor ' in 
the «lTl«'of tikcp^CR of H'^nry Vin. 

At WolUton.UMacnton^rd Middlnlon, 
bo designed the fcrent boll and other nllAm- 
tioos in Km, and in 1810 'a wat in tbe 




COtla^ «tyl<>' nt Rndnli^iiih, D'^Tcnsliirn. for 
theniikftof Bi'dford, noder wboir palroiiiu^ 
in ifiia bo nUu deniRned tbe tmtpln of tli« 
(!mc«s in tbe aculpture-^UuT at Wobam 
Abbey (Hoaissoic, Wi^am Abbey, IS33).i 
In IHIl be waa enffaci^d by Lord Itrown-I 
low and the Duke or Hvanfort, building foci 
the fonnDTA Kteetliouir', dairy, and mortiiaiyl 
chnptil at Helton in i.inenlnibira ; and for tb« 
Ullnr addition! In liii aeal at Itadniintnn. 
For tlio Knrl of Cbusterfiuld be built tho 
cbnpcl, libritry, octavo, and kitcben at 
Brvibey or Bradby Hall, DevooaLitv (l^l:^i 
181.^). At AsliTidm CMtJe, Mat of the Eu' 
of nridgtfWRtirr, h« continaed the work 
begun by hi* uncle James, eroding alao tJiaJ 
column in tlio purk (I8U-L'0^, and b 1S19 
detisned nn eiilmnue lodge and otbcr work* 
for Karl lluwe at Oopeall, Slaffurdahire. 
AtChulnworlli. for tbe Dukeof I>HTOiialiiT«f] 
bt! added (lK;>l-:i^) tbe north win^, inolud-j 
ing (b? piclurci-gallery and towir, tbe SlieM 
foKl and Dnrby onlfanwji, the nleore in tia* 
garden*, atid other works * in the Italian 
rtyle." After making (1821) a nirvey of 
8idney-Su!iawc Oollo^ Catubridge, bo pr»« j 
pared altematiTS dssigna for allrrattunti to 1 
the central buildings, including ilie addition 
of ihe Tavtor library and a ball and etair- 
etmo tor Ilia tnaalera lodge. Tbon work*, 
in a Mftudo-Uliubethan Atyle, worn com- 

fletea about 1824, and were foUowud ia 
^1-:! by the erection of tbe gateway towarl 
and combination room, and W varioiu al>l 
lorationa in boib court*, larf^ijy effected bjp J 
the iiKe of Itomnn cement and by the oddl- 
tion nf hood'mouldx to the Hoorx and win- 
dowi. 'Oiii colt of the Inter worka wan 
lawa/. (WiLLW and Cube, Camiridge, ii. 
71! -8). 

The work by which WratvilJe ia beetj 
kuowB ie bis trnngfomintion of Windaorl 
Ca«t1e, which dnlee from 1^4. In tlubj 
yenrcompplitiTit deaign* for the temodellinf I 
of the roynl ajiorlmeDta were reeeived from 
N«»h and Smirke, na well ns from Wyat- 
ville, wbuae name at tbe time was still 
Wyatl.tbeaupiHMcdhonoiirof themeHning-J 
lest angnientation having been «iiuctioneilj 
by G«orge IV' on the occnaion of hia lay' 
tlin foiindation'«tone of VVyalt* occep 
deaign. The king not only augmented 
\\'ydlt'« name, but added to his aml-of-orma 
a Tiew of 'Oeorge 1V» gateway" and tho 
word 'Windsor' aa a motto. In 18:!8, ou 
the completion of the royal quarter*, thsj 
king furthor bottowed on hia architect 1 
bonoiiDi of knighthood and of a reeidenoe in ' 
ihr Winchejit^T Tower.npnTilag«conflTnsad 
by Wiiliam IV and (juuon Victoria. Wy«t« 
villc':( work conMSted in nplocing with I 



Wyatville 



■92 



Wyche 




nuttwiT th« Ruppoted innpproprUie and 
probtbk pioiuceoquu ■tniclanM wliicli had 
growu up witliia Hu eutla preciucia sinoe 
the beirinninc' of tke Tudor dynMlj* (HirAt- 
ttet, 1881, xlr. 174-«). II* puLI«d ,lawv 
twelve bouM*, rebuilt! ho CbnU«r Mid Drun*- 
vick toweni, npured tlie Urvil'* Tomir, nnd 
dMim)«d. beaidut ttw Qeotge IV gUewmy, 
thfl xork Bad Lueuwr lo^rtn, iha new 
UrmMiUtd the omtgerj. The addiiionftl 
height (miss thin; ten) of the Round To irer 
is his work, nnd lie convortod the old llricll 
Court and Horn Court into the Hate iitair* 
CMO nnd W'otcrloo Ualli-t^. 

WbntrviT may !» <ald of \u» OoUiia— and 
■t thu limv in which La woiknl it WM not 
Ukel}'^> btipMd— il m>i$t be ecknowledaed 
tJul hia addition to ihn Round Tower nu 
iMcreasfid the ^^eral dijtnit^ of th« cutlti, 
Mid, ontwnrdly *t Icait, bu other irnrk, 
which i« Nolld nnd furlrne lilw> in tnx from 
the fanlta uf iil)i.>L'tat.ion usuftl at the period. 

Down to 1 H'i7 iDDSMOL had be«B •pent on 
tho fabric uuder WveiTille'e direction, and 
in 1830, when no t-a* iban tSIfitXH had 
been voted hj pnrlinmcnt in Tuious p«nt«, 
a (elect oommittiie vmi nppolntud Ui uiquin! 
into the expenxeaf compli-tion. l!ufot«tbi> 
committer Wviit villi,' pleaded for I'.'S.OOO/. 
more, and liiti n-quMl vra» tmpported. lie 
earned out nanT minor works ui the royal 
domain, ouoh as lodges, a boat-hnnm, a ber- 
nutage, and llie ruins at Vir^nla Water, 
chieflv composed of lra|[iR''nt# from Tripoli 
(for list of th(!«n work> kmi Wrirviu.Bii 
Jlhtttratiaiu 0/ Windtor Cajtle,<t<l. Henry 
Ashton. 2 voU. 1811). 

Wynivilie wiin arcliilMt or restorer of over 
a hundri-d builJiii^of which the foUow- 
iiur original works mav be nenlionxil in 
acMition to i.lioso nlmadv chronicM: Lil- 
leshall, Shropiihir<!,f<)r l^'rdliowcr; Uolden 
Grove, Csnrainrtbcn. for tlie Earl of Cawdor; 
llintoa, Wiltshire, lor William Windham; 
Dcnford, Berkshire, lor William IlaUet ; 
Iluttou. Lincolnshire, fi>r Sir Rolwrt Ileron; 
IlillSi^til Lod^, H^rtfor<l"hirB, f>ir ihn Earl 
of Clarendon ; TVebimvn, Cornwall, for iho 
ilon, Wiltinm Eliot ; llnnner CroM, Vork- 
•bire, for Hi-nrral Murray; boiiso al Wim* 
home, llomt, fur Willisni CHalltiuau ; Cla- 
vcrton, !v>mprsL>t, for John ^'iviau ; Mowra. 
Srutt'a bunk iu Cavi^uiJish Sonars; end a 
templu iu KeK Gardens. At inn r<H]ii[i(>t of 
i^ueen Adelaide he deai^ed tho Hchlou 
AIten«lein>A1t«nboi^, for her brothnr, tbu 
Ihike of $axe-M<iinintpa, from whom, in 
consideration of this and other di-dig-nsL, he 
received the Cirand Croai of the Saxon Er- 
nestine order. 
He dtied, on 10 Feb. 1840, at hia I«ndon 



1 



"7 



residence. 50 (be pr«viou*Ij lived at 49) 
I.owM' Bruok Sireet, from a diseaae of Ike 
chest, and was buried on ifap 2Ath behind 
thanlurofSt.Oeof^'aChapvl, Windsor. 

fiy hii v\{r. Sonhu Powell, who predc- 
eeaswl him in ISlO, he bad two dauMtenk 
Emma and Augiuta Sophia (J. ISiS}. and 
one son, Qeofp* (jpalln-t , who exhibited at 
the Royal Acsdemj' in 1SS2. 

There it a ponraii of Wralville at Wind- 
aor, painted by Sir Thomas Laemacc at ihn 
request of Goorgn IV. Another, drawn hj 
Sir FVaneia Cluntrejr, is in the Nniio. 
Portrait Onllery, London. 

[ArdiiiMtDisl Pubiicatlo* SocietVe Diet. , 
whirh i« a loBi: Ittt at woAs) ; HceV* SesU eif 
tlw Nobility ; Tigho and Deris'* Anaids of VTiad- 
■or Cutis, pp. ABO bC sm. ; Oeot. Has. ISIO, i. 
*«.0J P, W. 

WTBTTRN. PERCEVAL (IRSS.*- 
ItJCXi*), piiriiau ditine. fSw Winrusr.] 

WYCHE, Sib CYKIL (1832 .»-i:or), 
SUtRHnanand man of ecienoe, who npelt hi) 
namn Wycbn in hia autognph, althooffh ti 
also stands in contemporaiy reowda as Wjch 
or Wich, was aecond ion of Sir Peter 
Wfdie [q. v.] Cyril was bom, probably ta 
1632, at CouContinopIn while his father wu 
ambasiador th«re, and was named after Ui 
godfather Cyril, the eatriarck of Ooulan- 
tinopl* (Wood, F<uU). He matriculated 
fromChrirtChHfch,Oxfora,on37NoT.I«SO, 
nnd gmdunind B.A. 17 Feb. l(U3-3, M.A. 
as lane 1055. and was created O.C.L- on 
88t<j>t.lm5. llu was at The Ilarne im May 
166lf, whi^u he wu knighted by Charlea 11. 

Cyril aid hia broihur I'cter wttv among 
the narlidrt fellown of the itoyal Society. 
tbuir namr* boing found antong ihoao of the 
ninety-PiKht mi^n inieretied la ' natural 
knowledge ■ who were elected by the first 
president nnd council on SO May 10B3 in 
virtue of the power ffmnted them for two 
months under their charter (Tudnhoic, Jtitt. 
of Ihg Roj/. fuK.) Bubsequently Wyche we* 
chosen president of the aooiety on 30 Not. 
1083, but bi-.ld offion only one year, when be 
was •ucccedcd by Samuel I\>pys. 

Wycbc. who was onn of the six cl(^rk< in 
cbanctfTT from ItW,' to 1675, wm called lo 
the bar from Gray's Inn in 1670, was .V.P, 
for (.'sllinpon, Cornwall. 113(31-73, for East 
Grmiloftil lt!lsl,rorSallatJi IG-iG-rjaftd for 
I'ri'ston l702-.'r. IleorySidney (afUfward* 
Earl of Itnmoi-y) [q. v.] became lonl-liev 
teuaui of Irvlaod in Uuroh 1Rdl-2,aad on 
13 Aug. Wyche went with him as one of kis 
eecrelariea. He was swam a privy eonn- 
ciUor of that kingdom (LuTTUii.1, ii. 389; 
and Wood, Fatti). Sidney was ra«^led U> 




I* I.Anil 



Wyche 



'93 



\\'yche 



Loudon in Junn 1603, loavinK thp Kornm- 
■MiDt of ItElaod to tbron lord* jtuiliops, r'lt. 
Ilemy, lord Caiwl of Tt'wkrabtiry [<j. v.], 
WyGna liiinsvlf. luid W illium UunuumlH!. 
Between Captd, wlio froui llie Gni look the 
taremoM place, nnd biscolleu^tsa no ^at 
C0Tili*lit,v«xi*tiid. Oipel 'eepoueetl tlw int»- 
TWtof the ICn^liah wrmar* . . . Wychn and 
DiULConbe, rv^rdlnn of court favour, no af;lit 
imfartittUv to give thu full I'flpf^t to the 
articles of Limerick, upon whicli tht pourl 
perlj- end (ha protetirHuU in ni-uerai luokiKl 
with e jealous eyv, a* prHudiciiil i« their 
iatttrott' (Vt.<iviUK:t. Jfi/tf. firr. liW.1. i.-201). 
Anothar mnflrr of conli'nlion wm the 
grant of \,'2O0l. a year (ihu oriipn of tho 

* Refpum Donum') amitpird by VS llliiim out 
of cEie Bplftut ciiBtumB to Ihu prvHbyliTian 
minielen in Ireland in rvcoj^iition of tlieir 
•ervicee. Tbe bisliope, who regarded this 
erant tu an inlolersble alltont, induced 
Vi'ynhn and Dunconiba CO aStr thn ndvice, 
but without miccoM, that thi- jimnt should 
bu diH-uDlinilnl (FIlOC'DB, Kngtiih ia Ire- 
land, \-^l, [.2H'-t*). 

Wychv a[id Duucoinbe aUo diflVred from 
Capil in n.-L'ard to tbv advisability of calling 

• pnTlinnii-nl. Thev wrote a joitil l^tler to 
•epriitnrv Trt-nchBrd iu one nensi-, nnil Capid 
aant anothirr in an oppmili; iit^*n(14 Jiilf 
1094). Tlic divuiwcncoof ODinion ahnwn in 
tli« two letttm illtutnit«> tnc dlflerrncis of 
principle by which the Irish )(i3vcriinieiil wns 
diTijAd (llie lvtter« are pKiierved iu the 
Southwell Mi^S. ; ihe^ are also printed in 
full in O'l-'lniiiijpin'a ■ Live* of tlie Lord (?hen- 
ocllon of Irvinnd,' p. M3). Thi> infli-xibilily 
of Wych« and Uunenmbu nt lenffth hmiiglit 
about thrir tumuval, and in May ltlH6 (^pul 
oblMoeit ihesotf guvenimi^at a* lord deputy, 
Awioniiog lo Lutln-11 (iii. 478) Wyche was 
ID t.ho unmc month appointed to succeed 
I»rd I'nfit't ss nnilmsiadnr in Turkey. 

In 16lC WyrliesiMrntChrutmHsnt Wntlon 
with hid fuihi^r-in-fiin' tfiwi^- Kvolvn. Thr 
Udy's uucle. John Kvdyn ( Hi:iO- ITCHJlIii-t.], 
waa a\»i> a gu>4t, <Jn 'Sn March I71K) U'yclie 
was elected one of ihu ixiumiMlurii-ni for the 
Iriiib forfeitnrn» (l-rmtKLL. iv, &JS). He 
purchased ibr: ■■tintn of 1'nvnings Manor and 
other lands at Uockwold in X<irfiilk, whera 
bo died on Monduy, 'JS Ih?c. ITor. 

Wyche marriwl, on 15 May 16ilJ. Mary, 
eldest daughter of Geor)(e Kvelyii of Wot- 
tOD, by hla second wife, the widow of Sir 
Jolin Cotton, and niece of John Evelyu the 
diaiist. Th* latter speaks of Wyche as ' a 
noUu and toamed Ennllfimnn.' His wife 
' hadaportionof 8,0O0A, to which wnsiuldnl 
•bout 30(M: mora ' (Uv:kc.tx, Duiry, i Oct. 
i«9»). 

TOI,. tltlt 



b TOI,. tit 



[VitWt Biuoryof the Royal SoeialT. IMSa 
LuiiibU'i llrii'f H'>rU lUUtionaf BinttAIUltt^ 
ISAT: I^rnlnis Diary. 30 Nor. IBSS. IS May 
1091, 1 Aug. I0:)», t Oct. 1099: Ulnod'a Iliit. 
of Irelnad Imni the luvaiion uf Uanry II, II'3i 
?la*d-ii'« I)i>t. K«r. of the State uf IrsUDd,] 
)S03, Tu). i. ; Bifbop Bnmct's ItiM. of his own 
Time, rd. ISSN. □. «06i Wood's Fnsti Oii.o. ^ 
Proud*'* Rnittisliin IivUnd, IF>n], vol. i.^ OTIs- 
nngan's Uvr« of tbcl/ird ChiiDCDllonof Irc'and, 
18fO; Martin Uavony'i Ri«i.of Inlnod. IMiJO, 
p. C7T; Gordoa'* Ilitt. of Iralaod, II. IRO, 187.] 

II. R. 

WYCHE, Sim PKTKR (J. IftWl. Knglishi 
ambaMador at tho Portr, wss the uith sooj 
of Uicbnrd Wyche (15M-ie21), a l>indoii] 
merchant, who marripd in IWI Elinboth, 
duujjhter of 8ir Kichurd Saltonstall [q.vj, 
bv >>uBan^ sister of Sir llnbriel I'oiulx. Iltt 
claimed hneeldeeceut from Sir Hugh Wyche. ■ 
who wns lord ntaynrof I.ondoii In 1461, and J 
wa« buried in St. .Mnrgnrnt's, l.oihhury, ia 
HUB. AH the Wynhes seem to linvc mnda ' 

Eiaprroiu ventures in the Esst India Imdn. 
(er, uponlheaeceHiouof Cluirleit.broiidht 
his fortune to tbe court. On lU Dee. 1Q2S 
he wae knighted at Whitehall (M^rciLFB)^ ] 
and two years Ut*r he was made a genll«- 
man of lb" privy chnmber ((Tilll.lsl.ll, Prity 
CAom^r, p. 12fi). 

Mottitwhile, early in 1(127 be hod been ap- 
! painted Kii);Iish ainbtiBHudur as Bueoessor lo 
Sir Thuuins Koe h\. v.] at CouiilantiMOple 
{Addit. .V.S.-2Hm.f.'2»li}. He sailed w>ih 
a trading Hi'At in November, and was fol- 
lowed by his wife in May lti28. Sir I'rtnr 
sent homo a detoili^ account of the tl'^^t 
lire of September ItiSS (Vox ilsiiMGH, 
chap. xlvii.> He ubtaiued from Murad 
(Amurath) IV a nelcoiue reduction of the 
dutv upon Knglish cloib. while his wife is 
' said to bavp greatly osloniahixl the reigninr 
I sullnna by n visit tn the hnrem, upon whicU 
oocnsinn she and ber suite won." fiirliiinfinlcs, 
; and hnd diliiciilty in jierauadinji Ihi^ Turkish 
I ladiea of 'the fallucj' of their apparel' (kv ».^ 
oiirioua account of the incident in JonV) 
BwiKKjAntArt^KmirfajHorpliiiiir, 1<V)3,4tO,.' 
p. M), Bv nn order in council datedl 
as March IfUO, it was dccwed that Wycho 
was to enjoy the same talnry durinff bia 
embnssnge as hiri prrdeceniors, Sir I'aul 
I'indnr and Sir Tliomaii Itoe. and hu waa 
alw decbired exempt from Kivin^ an account 
lo the Turkey Cotupany of the ' coneulaue ' 
payuieais due fVom the ahippiiig during hia 
term of office ( ^. MS. SMI, p. SOD). Uiion 
hisr<>lnm to England at tha imd of 1«4I 
Wyche was mado a privy oouucillor and 
comptrolleroftbeldninihouiiebold. in which 
capacity, together wiln lhirty>&ve peers and 

O 



Wyche 



194 



Wycheham 




ft l«w otber iHlaUet, lie si|ni<ed tlie V'mg'is de- 
clmtiMiarabborrvncuftt tbr idtMi of making 
war npoo hU [arliftiiii-iil (15 JiiOH 1(112; 
Clouewoov, v. Sl^ 1 GARDixm, ITiit. i. 
20u). Ho i» Mi() to lisvv lent llw kiii^ n 
verv largi^ »ut& ''f mooi'T, nnil i« h*ro ' hurt 
himwlf nnd fninilj- tlii-Tcbv' (infnrm«tMa 
rop^iod by bu wn to Thoiow n utton ; aee 
BatVHctagf. 1711. iv. 2:^1); but be did not 
lire lu Kt lliv ititif of ibu civil wur, dving 
•I Oxford vaily in Di>cvmber 1043. Ilv V4B 
buried in lliv (oulb aifJt- of ('liriit Church 
('atbudnl an * Drc. Il<i mnrrii^. nbnut 
llW7, .Innn (rf. IfiflO) dilujthttT of Sir Wil- 
liam .Mnritditb, lmii{D<, of Wifxbttia, atid 
had, with olhur iioui-, J»ne, u-bo uinrried 
Jiiliii (irnnvitli-, irrho was in IdtiO cn-iit«l 
l^rl af Itnlb (rpc DimKB, Ertimt I'eeruge, 
p. 313) ; firftci'. who nwnied Georgn, eldMt 
a>>ii of E'hilip Cartfirat (son knd h«ir of Sir 
Gfii^r^c (TnrliTn'T.) ; Pnt«r (tec below); and 
(Sir)CTril \Vvphp[q.v.l 

Sill Vbtkb' uilme (ieii«-i«9e P), tlw 

oldi^al SOU. boru in Loiidmi, wu admitted b 
(reiitleman comnioncr ai E]i«I«r College, Ox- 
ford, on SnjApril 1643, iBatriciilAiiDg, 'aged 
1&,' on li -Mfiy following, lie raigrnt.id in 
Octobrr IQ14 ■» Triniiy Hall, ('■mbrld|fR, 
md gtadunted II.A. ia lOio nod M-.V. in 
l&iS. Nc»t jTjor bewmndniltted n Biudrmi 
of the Middle Tr mil It', and nhurtlyuftern'Brdt 
u-irnl nbrou'l, I[i ^luy lIKU he wa« in Itulj. 
whsre H^de proctirvd htiu n pasaport nnd u 
t««liiuoninl in I.nlin, ai^od bj lh« cxiIhI 
Clinrlpji II ( ri/iri-niian Staff Papcit. iij. 1 131. 
Hn wo* knight 1^1 hvC^hurh's 11 nt Thit 1111(10" 
in ilny IWJO, nn^ ■Iiortly nfteiward* rv- 
Uimed to Engliind nnd wiLt inoorporated 
31.A, Bl Oxford. He v/un declared uae of 
the fellow* of the lEoynl Society upon lis 
foundation by rbnrt>~r in 160^ (TiinMnox, 
tlijit. p..'i),nnd in IliOAwnn nominaIi^d cbiir- 
m»n of a aummilli'cof t.lio lociply opjioinlod 
lo connider the improvrmonl of iUit Knglidi 
tongue, iu wbieli eiijiii^ily be reeeived u long 
letter I'lwm John I'.tidyn. In lUtiU hi- wai 
w.'Qt iw envoj i' it rn ordinary W ItuMin, aeud- 
ing drkpntchiE lifimi' frum M'WXiw in Sep- 
loinber [Cal. Staff Pajiir/i, Dora. Itjiiti). 
l.'poii bi» jounipyi lifi win ' lionoumbly ' 
cntwliiitipd ul IIeukJb. nl Ki^nigib^rg. ond 
lit HutuliiLrtf, in which city he wan Kne- 
Uili ri'fidcnt for t>-verat reurtr. hii eommi.i- 
hion leruiinating in Februnry 10^:,' <Lct- 
TRBLL, i. IfS.*)). Among ihe' 8lntu pau«rii 
nro (wveml of hi* l»tlnr» I0 Sir Joseph A'il- 
linniiuin [q, v.], who wnn godfalbor lo hts 
rhkit Hii (tvrcrttl aulogniph Ifrtlee* of liU 
to ^^'illiaIn«□n, Arlington, lulit, and oiIiktv, 
urc in Addlt. MS. I'BfiBa, pa»im). \\ychft 
executed t<ro capnble tranalulion* from thu 




PortafptiOM : ( 1 1 ' The life of Dom John da 
CSastro, the fbuitJi Viorrov of India. Written 
in I'ortugueM! bvJ*ciiila^KiT<i de Ajubada' 
(London, fol.) Thti wawiMicated to Qnem 
Oatbcrine, tli» consort gf Chariea IT, jirelbMd 
bv n brief ahai^ of PortnguMe hivic^ bj 
Wjrcho, and Liceoaod for tiia fnm b' 
Bennett on 12 Auf[. 1603. AaeeoM 
alM>inlblin.atip«tv(lint6Qa. (S) '.\ 
Itelmion of (he Ititcr Nilr, of ita t 
and Currvnl, and of ils ovurfluwiii£ tbe 
pn^ia of Kg^i ' (London, 1000, 8vo). 
WM tranxlalrd from a Porlitgtiww diadu 
at tbo roquctrt of a number of fdlowa of 
Royal Society. H'tr I'eter further eJrCMIi 
htB rFDutalion a« a geognpliieat aebobr by 
his * The World geofpraplumUy deanib'd ib 
flny-t«ro Uopp^ I'laieb' (London, ] 
The pUl«8 roiild t-ilh<-r be booud or 
lip in packnlo on n>rd« for pnrpoMa Ot 
■triu~iion. tiir I'cier, wbo i« Minvd 
Iiavi- diiKl about IflW, married on Ift F«b.' 
lIStilllsDbrtlii.dau^ler of Sir Robert BoIb» 
(BL0]icriELi>, IIul. </ Setfatk, li, 180), 
bart., of ^uiuptou, LincoltuWe, bj Mary, 
daughter of Sir l->Jvard lluatey, and had 
ianue, flr»t, JoVin, Knglttb esToy MtrsoN 
dinory at. Hamburg (DoTKit, Ann^U if 
Qurrn Anaf. 1710, Tiii. 366): Mcond, B«^ 
iiaril.B mcreham at BunUandfalberoriSter 
Wycbi-, who wai in I'll hi;:^ ibcriffof 
Liuci>lu»hire 1 lliird, I'pler, a merchant, vrho 
died at C'ambrai ; fourtb, Qeorg«, a 
i^bniti at EVmdioboTTv. 



b'diB 



[Thu r.iunditlion nfatlnbMiiMMt acnatata 
tb" Wji'hn family ia a^ par** drawn Dp l^ 



P«ck. 



aniiquiitT. Franei* 

Thodioi Wocton in October 1741 \n 



aterUM 



fbmrdad 
no« 
.\ddil. M& 14111 ff. 3SS>q.); >«*al>o Fosl«rVl 
Alumni Oxun. (lAOO-I'M); W'wd', Athtoc 
Oxon, kI. Bliii. IT, *89 : Woitoai B-ironotAjt*. 
1741. ir.22n.-JJ4; Burb:'*Kitin.-tDiiraattafca; 
l)rnmr(»t'H (^hmhirn. lii. iSS (;>'inK tba arms 
alluiri'd 10 Iha rainLIjt ia 1463>l) : Mn^na Bri- 
laiiniu. CWtbirs. p. 83 : Harl. Ms. -Join. f. 2G7 
(a morn or leu conJiKtunJ ptilijtrM frum tba 
twBl lib century): I'heabiroand Xdnnafairc Hiat. 
ifac. -frans. i. 13 ; Siov'i Sanev of Loadon, p. 
HS3; Knotifi'i QDnoall Uitlonxaf ihoTurka ~ 
10.18, )>. 1497; Luttrvll'* Itriof UiM. Itolali. 
•>f8lBto A11iiii*,TuL i,; CUrenilon'i Iliit. nJ.i 
Erelrii'i Kary aai Oorresp. IZbi, Hi. ISB 
WolJ'a nm. of tlie Royal Snc i. 3U.- CU.1 
Vnp-.r^, lx,[ii lll'J7-8 p]''SO- it^'^-l^d. 1< 
p. 114. i67-i p 3U: he yvrr\ MoD« 
Anglicnnn. ir. 311 ; Brit. Mnh CkI.J T. . 

WYCHE, RICHARD HB (llOTf-IS 
bithop of Cbichester. {S*e RicBASR.} 

WYCHEHAM orWICKWAME.WII 
LIAM UK (J. l;;^t, archbuliop of Yo 
[Se« Wick wi JIB. J 



\VycherIe>' 



195 



\\')-cherIey 



WTCHERLBY. \\TT,IJAM (IBIO?- 
17l6),iinunni"i.vraibomiilwullBl(JitClivi-, 
Sbrapabire, vrlnrrc iLe familj' had sfrllM at 
I«aut n» early us 1110. Wyclit-rlt-v's K^And- 
fatlm-, llftuWl ('/. KWft), roarripi) Hargnry, 
(la uf- 111 ^r of Will in m Wnlltf; and thnir non 
Daniel (l)orn atK^nl ll)17)[iinrriiHl,onl'0]-'cb. 
1640, Ht St. MflrtinVm-tlip-Fii'UN. Hulliia, 
diiaf[htL>r o{ Willinm Slirimpton of Si. An- 
Urcwi, HilUwi ( firnt. J/ity. IB."/), ji. 338). 
SlMdiodinMuv 1100, tigvi l*i {Foerrtt. Luti- 
4oitUarriti'/f t,icr7irfg,V^li9i). TttininWVv- 
elwriey, ilitf •JranaatiM « fsUier, vh* a tnlkr 
to lh« wccbraner.WH* admittod to tbn lanet 
Tantplo SJt Kn\. lefif^, and iriu oflcnranli 
KtAwnrd to John I'aulct, (iltb mar^iiia of 
W1nclie«cr[ii.r,] Contemiiorarita tsid that 
he awroprinM monsj lo bis own use; he 
was atite to buy i)ie maaon of Whoi and 
Lojipinglon, but waa aft^rwanU involvml in 
lawsuit* ( /r-rrfV Jininah. x\\\. IJSK, '03, 707, 
7U. Vf. 104, 127, ISS, IW, 150(, and wn« 
Abl^[«l lo cninvpT tbo two uinnon to Judgn 

A'alaral Hitl'/ry AbciXy Traiaacfi'/nt, 2nil 
»«■. ii, 3S5-4U, 35li-"). lu 1*1(19 aud 1600 
lliore was liti^tiim b^two^n tlie Marqim of 
Winclieeler nnd Daniel Wychfirlny on tlm 
OQo sidn, and I.nrd St. Jnhn, cbi> mnrtjuii's 
Wir. on thr olhir. Wyplicfloy fsid tlmt in 
1651, whnn thr^ marq nil's cilntos hnd been 
sci{unteTcd for Ibt- part be had talti-n in tbe 
civil war, W, at lb*.- impurtuuity of tbi- 
family, took ov«r tbe luana^mvnl of tboir 
affaira, gnvo up hi* pravious emplojinont, and 
FfOrrgwrd ovnr 3U,00(V. to repurnhosp ihn 
taUto. For hi» wrrincii hi- wn« mndi- fibiof 
•teirard for life; but in 1(16^ a bill wai ptv- 
Buntcd to pnrliBEDpnt Id mAkc void his paicul 
and grant, aud bv pctilioQod tbnl liii inli— 
rvMsBiigbt bo proteetwl (Ilirt.MS-^. Coriim, 
"th BflpLpp.9f, 100, liSi. 172: I'.r.W J'-r- 
iult,x\.6Ai). niinicnVycbrTl''y<!if.iioii.'iMny 
16S7, end im hnripil nt flivn on 7 May. 
BokIm William, he hnd xhtve son* — fSrorgo 
(A. ISi)]), of <JuL>i'n'i t'alleit''. Osford, rector 
of Wrai l&iV, who died in tlic Flit-t pritun, 
«Iid waa burivd on 3 Jan. 1089 ; Juliu. who 
iM in 1091, I'^Ting two ^oris; and Hvurv 
(*. lae^KForTcn, .^/u™^:l Of/H.)— and l«'o 
aaiqhlcr> : Klixnbxth, who di»d inaanf>: nni) 
FmiKM. Thi-rp om vicw» nf ('live llnll and 
Cbaiiel ill tht- '(irn Ill-man'* .Majnuiini;' fur 
1811 (Li. fiOG)nn<l 181S(i. 60»). 

When about liftct-n IVilliam WychtTlcy 
w fRi 10 the wast uf Fmiei.> (Sniniongp 
nr the .\ngouDOOU). Tlii?ni. liring on ll]t< 
banki of tbi> Ohnrnnti*, ti.i wns, wi* aru told, 
admitted to ibr cmnvenalinn of tbi> most 
aecomplulied 1adk« of tbn court of FraiK«, 
particularlyMadamcdallontauiii-rifbrnuTrly 



Mademoi 

Vollain.' in hi* ' Ijellcra' (Uexsjs. Origiaal 
LtUere, i. US; SpESCE, Anf(d<itr», 1858, 
' p. 13). This lady was woni to l-uII bim 
* the little nDffuenol.' Sbortly bufora tbe 
mrtoration of ChArfes II Wrclwrlcy bwain« 
a gnnllnmnn commnnfT rii ijiifen'a Onllcga, 
Oiford, where he livi-d in the prrovnat'a 
lodjpnffii. iind wn» fntcrpd in Ihn public 
lilrarv a.» ' pbilo«phi» MuJionu*' in July 
1«0U (Wood, AtAtna Orm. xr. &^). Ho 
left the university, how<*vur, without inatri* 
ciiUiiuK or hariit^ his Dsme entMed oa the 

collr^rn linak*, having be^n iwconcilw) ilj Dr. 

llnrlow to Ihn pmti^Kant rrligion, which be 
bad abDiidan<?d whi-n abroad. IIi- had aU 
nnij bpi-n BdmittyJ a nranbiT of the Inner 
TAmpLo on 10 Nov. lU-iS (Fosteb, Imu iff 
Court Jt^itterr) ; but ihe Eashlonabls and 
littimry circles in I^rndon wer* wore atlrao- 
tiTi> to him than tha ^tiidy of the law, and, 
if wc may beliovc hi* own imnunt, two of 
hiH playa wwre writifin by 1681. tin told 
I'opo ' oTOT and ovur' ihnt bo wrote ' Lovo 
in a Wood ' when ht- was but uiaetoMi, 
t-he 'G«nll»nian Daooing-inaslur'attwMity- 
onit, tb* ' Plain Dwilur " at tweiit.y-flve, 
ond the ■ Country Wife ' nt rmo or two and 
thirty (Sn:sCK, Anecdoln, p. 121). Macnu- 
lay linB pointed out varioun paungiv which 
muat have Usmi written Umg ofter the dates 
here auf^MtMl, because they riifer to urenta 
of later yi'ursi but it may of course be r^- 
j>rieil Ibai no doubt tho dfanialisi, 011 briD)^ 
in^ forward a manuscript which bad lone 
btipn in bin drawer, would rrviM it and add 
touehei wilJi rofereneo to recent pventa. 
Tbo main jtround for doubting Wycbvrley'a 
aceuunt is that the plays, ei-cu ihe eailieat 
of ibeui. at least in the form in which w« 
have ibeni, seem lo be ibe workof a inature 
man, and not of a youth of nineteen or 
Iwrnly-on". llorpover, if thnm playi bad 
bitun wrilt'^n by ICtM) or l«81, they would 
reudily huvi- biiin nccirplod at Ihu theatre, 
and ten or twelve ream would not hsvi 
elajMed before Ihey weteacted. Wychorley' 
vanity iwma to luire led bim in hia old aM 
to eKoff^vrata the powfiniof his youth: aita,- 
inpnking ill the day* whnn VaiibrnjC^h and 
barquhnr wiiro prodoeiiiK their l»eft work, 
be may have Ihth nnxioui to nstett kit eloim 
n* foiindi-r of n new school of comedy, and 
ban; antedated his own piei^es from fettr of 
clainia of priority beiug advanced vn b-diulf 
of Eiher*g« or Dirden, several of whose 
niayt were acted bp/ore any of Wycherley V 
VerMJumlilled ' Hero nnd I^-nndfr in Itu^ 
iMonc,* piiMiihed aiionyniouily in i|uarto in 
16m, arc attributed to Wrcherley ; there is 
a copy in the Bodleian Librarv. 




^moiKcltc de Rambouillet, cvlptimleil by I 
sire in hi* ' Ijettcra ' (Uexsjs. Origiaal 



Wycherley 



196 



Wycherley 



-iMraUV 



Wj-cb«l#v"t firrt pUy, ' Ijon- in a Wood, 
OT St. Jamet^K fttrk,' wft* puhliaiinl in 167^, 
or tb« rnd of 1S71, witb a dciIioBlioD lu tli« 
Diicbnu of C'li^'uljind. Il wiui n^ixtt-reil at 
Stktioni'n' Ilnll on l! Oct, 1671, «»<] in tli« 
liodicBtiun \V;r<-'t>t-rle7 «|im]is of Iiimvtf na 
' anew autlior 'wliohotl nnwr iHrforo writlon 
a (Ivdication. IIq u,vi> that ilw durlioM nvr 
ihe plaj on two CflnnnirutiTe il«;i in l.unt ; 
«ad •Mumin^, as wc mnv fnirl; 60, that she 
witii prcwnt at uarly perforuiuTioirB, aud ru- 
mi^mbi;rln|f tlial ibt- play rail oulf a f«w 
iuKbt« at tLu niOfiC, il ei'voia fairly rnrtain 
tluit 'Lovo in a Wood' wfts tint nrt«i<9 in l.liu 
Mrly tpring of 1671. (trnvnt [Somr .Ircount 
iffUe Engluk Star/e, i. lU) thouslit that 
U» first pntfommnta winby the kitiff's oom- 

Sriny aStet thuir runioval to Liucmii's luii 
'i«I(lii at tlieFndufFvbruary 167'./, owing to 
thti TliuatTu Boyal having Wn bitmi. ilown 
in January. Itut in thnt caM.na Mr. W.C. 
Ward rMinarln in lii« nililion of Wjchnrlcy'm 
playf, Uii? Unit iiorformiuico mint hnvi- laki-n 

flaiw lali-r tbnn thui of Ibu 'Clenllemaii 
hincinit-niaaliT,' wlien-as Wyphfrlt-y tails 
liimwlf a ' ni^vi ' aiiiliur iu ibp dt^dicllti•>u in 

• Lovt- ill a WihkI." Moft'ovor, lb*i dale of 
regiatralifin of llii* piny i» in it»«'lf clpiir i^vi- 
<l'.-ncB that it WM aclfd bnforp llatob^r 1671. 
No lioulit llii- piwNi won prinlod townrdu the 
endoftlint ypiir, with tin- dale (mncpordniioe 
witli a common prnciiccl of lliu followiii)^ 
year on tbi^ tillii'UH)''.': i< i« cvrtaiu that it. 
wu nut mttilisLi.'!] iiulil HOiui.' I.iiue after it 
vmn acted. 

' JiOvi? in n Wood ' waa n (UCCRRifol 
comedy I and Dcnnlit uiva it bmii^ht its 
author nCJ]uointiiiict' wilt the wi(« of llii- 
court. Tile pnafiiiul piirtu wure Ijiken by 
Hart (Itanj^r), Mubiin (Lluppi-rwii), Lacy 
(Aldi<rmun Oripo), Kina4li>ii (Valvntitin), 
and Mr*. Knipp M^dy Klippanl). The piny 
contains many witlyscirni'*, hill la marriil by 
it« indfipc'npy nnd i» «-onliii(( in unlly; tllu 
hypocriticnl AldtTtniin t.iripp, uiid hit aiitiir. 
Lady tlippiml. the widow who is nuxioii.i to 
tind a hushand while Hbti dfi'laims B)(aiii8l. 
matrimony, are iIk* nioal important of the 
diaractvra. Certain giippo*eil n-anniblane^in 
the piece to Sedlev's ' Mnlh^rry Onnl^ri ' arc 
di«ciw»edat IcnKtn in Dr. Klct.tca' Wychi-r- 
ley's liiibcn mid dmroatische Wfirkp," 18Jt3. 
Th 11 production of Ihia comt'dy n-ciirud for 
WyciKirley the iutimocy of the kiutr'ii tnia- 
Irevi, tlie DuL'hiNii of Clevtluud. I'niiHin); 
Wyeberkiv iu lier eoacli in Pall Mall, lie 
diiohesa ii'ldreAwd to him acoarai- rvmark ic 
allusion to onn of tlitt aonpi in thn iiUy ; and 
Wychiirli'y, •'■ilinR the opporliuiity, naktxl 
her to comr lo the nnxt porformnncn ; and, 

* in abort, aho waj lliat night in the tirat row 



of lh>> king'* box in l>rury Ijum, and Mf.l 
Wycherley in thn fiil bdiW hpr, irlMr* hm\ 
nntvnain«d bur during Cha whole plav' 
(l>wrais, Originai LeUm,\7i\,\.-I\&-\' i 




fTuwi'of tbediichoM; and tMi« I* • Mot7. 
which anoma to roat on no food ground, and 
ia obriomlj improbable. lh*t »be often rtola 
from llw oourt to her lover's ch&mbiTni ia 
the Temple, ditguiaed tike • country girl. 
The inlneu« aeema tohaTec&ueednoann^ 
auoo to Charlea 11. for in 167d (or W'n'U. 
when Wychnrtey waa ill of ■ fe»*r in hin 
IndKinjpi in l)ow St.mnt — at tho widow Hit 
ton a, on the west aide (WneiTI.Kt, Landa 
Pall anJ I'naail, i. 22»)— (he kioff viiited'' 
bim, advived him to lake change oT air, and 
uiud the expeneea of Ihe journey. Oeotga 
Villien, second duKeof BuclniigliMn, one of 
tb« dncheM** Iowa, wm at firac jenloiu, bat, 
ihroiigh tho mediation of tha Earl of l[o> 
chimter and Sir Charlea Sedler. he became 
a friend, and in 1673 gave Wycherley • 
eomiainfuon aa lieuteoanl iu hi* own regi- 
ment of fool (DaLTOK, EngliA Armg Litlii 
i. 1 30}, and aa ni8«ier of tbe borw niardc bim 
ono of hia •qiierri^a. 

Wycherley'* anrond play. ' The OnnllMnaa 
Danckng-mnater,* wo.* publiibed in 1673k 
llMUNit It. 1361. following Uownea {tloitiiir 
Anglifamu, Mm, p. 32>, aars ibat ibe Bnt 
perforniance was by the duke'a company at 
their new theatre in l>orHt Ganleiw, near 
SaHithiiry Onrt, probably in Ueaimber IttTl^H 
or January 1673; it 'liuied but aix diy^^J 
bring liked but indiSiircnlly.' In n 'pn^ 
loguu to the city ' Wychorluy saya the piece 
' would scarce do at t olber eud u' lb' town.' 
Mr. ^^^ C. Ward arguea plauaibly tlwt tbeiw 
had probably been an earlier perfonoanca, 
in Ifli 1, by th« aame compan* at tli«ir old 
thnatm iii I'nrtugnl Street, l.incolti'a Inn 
l-'i.'lda. Thia theory occorda witb Ibo words 
already c[UPted from ihe prologue, whent 
Wyrberley also saya that the perfuraucce 
at Uortiet GardeuH in tbi? city wa« * hia Ian 
trial.' Tbeee words, however, arw canablA 
of inoiv than one interorctaticr., and the 
sinlcnient of nnmiis, tiin prompter, tbtt 
ihn play waa a new piece wln'n prodiion) at 
IJorael Gardens ifl not lightly to be let 
ooide. Tbe epilugue. written for tbe per- 
fonnuncc in Ilorwl Oardf ns, refers to * pack' 
ing to «en,' iu alliiinion to the pending war 
witb tbe nmcli, u'hich waa fonnallv d»* 
riareil in Mnn'h 1672. The 'aontleman 
l)iuicing-maaler 'iaaligbt comedy of inuifpwi 
coticcmcd chicly with the acbemoa of ft 





Wycherley 



'97 



Wycherley 



datightcir and but lavar— di»giii»e4 t» k 
dnnrinir-nuJIt'r — to oluiln th« Titiilancr of 
the Udr'n fnilicr, a mcrchnnt who npi-a 
Smuiiili habitK iiad tiial'tmn. The (feneral 
MM of the [ilay iv borrowifl fmm Coldvroii'H 
*B1 MaeMrade Damur,' in whk-Li h lawr in 
dugsiM is pU(^ in similar dLlliciiU.it-^ by 
the fnther iniiiting on wiin«Mini; thv dnnc- 
iait ItMem ; but ihn wtiolf tnnr of Caldrrnn'ii 
ii!«y U difi'ernni from Wvphiirli>y'». Tbn 
' (iMillMiwn UanciiiK-mnsitir ' i« wiHy Bud 
■musinft, aud is voiiij)DruIivt^t_v frcv from ihc 
cuantpuiMS anil cyriiciBLu wliiub m&rk 
\V*cherIey» UWr worh, 

I'nibnhly Wychirlfiy wm one of the K«n- 
llnman who 'paclw^d lo wn' narly in Itiri 
It i« known tlinl he, Hkn mnny othnnt who 
knew liltlif of nnvn! maiicru, wm pnni'nt nt 
oncoribH battlva with tliH Dutch {ten ' Lim-a 
oa * AM-tght wliich tbu author wiM in 
bvtwixt the English and t]i« [>uTc!i' In the 
JPotthimouii rf'wAji), and 1BT2 or 1673spem» 
th*ino«t liknly timnfor thix inddnn I, though 
Iirifth Hunt thought that the niKngiMiumt 
■t whicli Wyrhi-rli-y wnn DroM-nt wnii that 
bFlween thr buke of Vork and Updnm in 
lOQu. However this may he. VVjebt-rltfy's 
thinl playi 'The Couairy Wifu,* was pfo- 
dfirnd Vy lb« king** ompany at the theatre 
in Ponugnl StriHit, Linmlnii Inn Finhla, in 
1UTl» or 1673 (Gkm-jt, i. UB). Wn know 
it was not brought out bcfon tbit cnrly iprintr 
of 1672, becaiue in iho prologue Wyclierluy, 
wvteniiig lo the uon-aucccM of lh(> ' (.li>ntli>- 
nMa Duicing Slaater,' speaks of Liiijsi^lf as 
' tb» late w> bnlHud ncriblilMr,' and the pro- 
ducti^in muil harn bi^n brforo .Mnrcli or 
April 1674, whnn the ' I'tnin Di-nli-r" ap- 
penrnl. Ix'CBUK! in the mi-ond act of that 
play the abandoned but hypucrilii^al Olivia 
i» nadc to ^rofdM that sliu ia acaudab««d 
at a lady being *«en at aucb a filthy play 
flj th» 'Connlry VTifA'nri'T the Rn\ niffht. 
Tha "Country VTiffl' win piiWinhnd in IBTili. 
It ii the moil brilliant but the molt indi>- 
ceut of \\'yehi'rlpy« workii. Wlien it wa» 
rnived in 170H. nfler an interval of nix 
Jean, for Mm. llickiieH's benefit. Slet^le. in 
m criticiaai in the 'TatWr' (Ul April 17(10), 
aaid that the character of the profligata 
Ilorn^ wiuBirood rrpmvnCnlinn of the a|t« 
in which the corotdv was written, whi^n aal- 
lantry in the jmrsuit of women w(ib the bi-st 
recommendation at court. A iniin of proliit)' 
in such maiine'ra would have beeii a uioiiBler. 
In I70S Gamch bronght out an addplntion 
«f Iha play, nndnr the title of -Tli* Country 
Girl,' whicb i> itill nctrd oecasinnnllv; but, 
aaOeneatMy* (v. IIB), in makini^it d(s:<!nt 
he made it iiuipid. Another adaptatiou, by 
John het; wua published in IJiio. 



Wychirrb'y wa» indi^bted to Moliirn'a 
' l.'ftcnlr de* Kcmmu' I'or hi» idea of J'incb- 
wife, the jcaloUB husband who eiideaVuimJ 
to keep bin youD); and ifruuraut wife fVonl 
(.tnerul BOL-iely for fear SM aliould bo nn- 
laitbful to him -, but tlwre are not many 
resemblances between the atoiy of Mra.l 
I'inf.hwifo and that of Agnc*. An Tainftj 
obncrvM, 'if Wycherley borrows a cliaractijcj 
anywbnrc, it is onlv to do it violeucp, of] 
dein'ndeit totbe IvviM uf Ilia own characters.*] 
\\ jtberiey has nito borrowed •om*' incidental 
fforu Mitliire's" I,'fieol««d(» Marin' iKlettu, 
H'yi'Vi'A^'' Lrhni und dramatitrhf Wrrke). 
1'hn piny is certainly full of life, aud, aa, 
Thomn* Monro snyi (Afemotrir, IWS, ii. 309),] 
of ' the verv i'»pril du diabli-.' 

'Tbu I'i'ain ]>piibir,' Wveberleys fourth 
aud Laot play, was produced by tho king'* 
company at the theatre in I.iniwln'* Inn 
Fields, probably rarly in lt!7-l. It cannot, 
have bivrn lati'r than April, becnuae in thai 
'AiHilogy' prnlised lo his 'Statu of tuno-1 
ceuce,' which was reiristcted nt Statioaora' 
Hnll ou 17 April IH7I, Drvdea wrote tho 
followiiijieuloj'vof Wyebcrley: "The author 
of "Tlie Plain 6enliir, whom I am proud to 
call my frinnd, has oblignl alt honuil anil 
virtuous mi:n by onnof the most, bold, most 
gonoral, and mn.it uwful xHlire* wbicb has 
erer bo«n presented ou Iht' English theatre.* 
One HO«nci in the swoud act, at any rate, 
basted ou a pasiiage Ju Moll^ni** ' (?ritique do 
r£mle dea Femuee,' which eontaina a candid 
■.■riticisin of the indecency of tha 'CounltTf 
Wife.' cannot havobcun written before IBTS 
or lli7:(. 'nin ' Plain Dealer" waa printed in 
1877. huvinn beeci licfused by llognr L'Fs- 
trou«e on » Jan. l«ref-7]. Wychorioy waa 
indebted to Moliere's 'I^ Misanthrope' for 
the general idiia of bis plot, and for certain 
scenes in parlinular; but he luu jfreatly ela- 
borated tijfon nioli£re,BDd the wliole tooeof 
tho play II difl'erent. There is but little in 
common between the sincere and upright 
Alcuste, the misHutbrope, and the 'oon«at 
Hurly' sea-captain. Monly, who bnhavra so 
brutally at the close ; and thnro is >ti1l leaa 
between the coquettish lady, Cflimeue, and, 
the ridoua and odious lllivia. Vottaire^-H 
who aftorwatds bowdlerised the • Plain 
Umilcr' in his ' La Prude'— givea some indi- 
cation of the contrast between the kindly 
bumour of MoliAre and tho ofttm brutal 
sntire of Wycbi-rley, when he says, ' All 
Wycberley's st.mke-s awi stronRcr and bolder 
ihsn thosti of our " .MisBnthrope," but then 
thny am l™« dolicBte, and the rules of decoy 
rum Bra not so wi^ll obwned in ibis P^'T^ 
{Lrtttr*fi>nctrnuis/thtEngli'k!iatiim,Y}tS(j. 

The ccanenew of Wycherlcy's tauch is 



* 



Wycherley 



198 



Wycherley 



N 



nowfaera mote obviau* tbta wbni we e(im> 

Ke ibe Dicltin of Fidelia, IJm girl who 
U UuiJt Slid follows bim to m* in nun'* 
dotW.viih Slutk««pMN'B VkiU iu ' Twein b 
NUit.' Fidelia, villi whom we are «siM«l«d 
to Im in lytnpathy, aid* Manlj in his r«- 
volticii- |ilot n^ainst CHiTii. Itnl much maj 
he for^i-Fii uii acooiint of the undcrptot of 
Ibe tiiif^ui wi^w Blacltacr^ and hi-r ion 
Jerrj, a raw Mjuiie. Thuy arc tlie furcnui- 
nen of Goldeioilh's Mra. lInrJca«lti^ and 
Ton; I.nnipkiii, aud of Slt<oI>.''f Iliiuijibrjr 
(lubhin.ariil ibe MeDOsin wliich ibnj ajipeiir 
unablrd WycharivytomnkfUM! of mich know- 
ledge of Ifao Uw u bo I1B4I picked nf at tho 
TMDpte, and aupply ■ mucn-naodtid lifflit«r 
•leoont lo iV- play. Wycbork'y's indi'btod- 



to ibe litiKiiUB Couiitcta iu ICairine'ii 
' Lm Ptnideun ih vtvy aliglit. Onv at 
'bouMt Manly't'remubsinact i., 'Iwetgh 
ibe man, not bu title: *!■> not the )iii\f\ 
■UiupcunmilkctbRmntnl bntlirr or hiiavirr,' 
miul bavu beirn in Oiiniii'ii mind irh^n lie 

wrow 

The lank i« but th* gnlDM (Ump, 
Ths mao'ii ibe go*d fur a.' that 

{Notfn and Qm-rie*, 4lb »r. sii. 25, 6lh aer. 
ii. 31. 1&8). Conpreve (Protogne to /-oiy 
/or Xciv, I60A) MiH tlint 
ftioCB the Plnin DMlgr** ncrnr* of mnaly r«j[* 
Not on* haa dand (o la«b tliis rryinc a{[v. 

An udujiluliun uf tbe ' Plain IWIl'i' by 
Bickvrttaffv, iu which tb<^ plot whs uol uia- 
tsrial It altered, wai« ^rmliicfd nl Driiry Lau« 
in IT&t, and an pditinn wilh fllturnlioDS by 
J. P. Kcmbli^ nppnarrd in 1~90. 

On 2S Pub. 16r4 Wychi-rley recpivcd n 
OOinuuHion aa 'captain of tliat oompiuiT 
whereof OeOTgf, duki' uf Buohiu(;ham, wus 
captain before the re|;iiripnt undvr hia I'Oiu- 
mand waa dUbaud«il;' but he [vatgucd the 
commitMnn a wnnh nfli^rwnnla (Daltok, 
E>tsli*h Army Litt*, i. 170). \te know 
nothing mon- of Wyebcrlty'ii life until the 
winter of ltiT8, whi-ii, as alriMLdy slated, be 
aulTered from fev«r, and vm tuol to Mont- 

Klifr for chanp? of air, with a prawut of 
Oi from the king lo nirait hi* Dxp«n8e». 
Be returned to London in ihr Intc' «prme of 
1079, when Charlc* II told liira that ho bad 
a (vn (the Duk(t of Iliubuioud) whom lin 
datired to bv eduL'attd like thtf bou of n kiug. 
and that be i;uuld make choice of 110 luau no 
proper 10 be \\\\i govomor ii« Wycberlej. 
Tlie remuiie.rntion naa to be l/iOO/. a year, 
with a pciKtinn whini hi* oflico cniuu;d; but 
them plann wcrn nttvur cnniiHl out, for not 
lona afterword* Wyclwrley went lo Tun* 
hriaffB XVVlti, and wliili* iu cuuiimnv with 
hill &ii-ud, Ifobvrt Faiibcurd, of OniO* Inn, 



be met • yo^oK '^ ''c^ widow, tbc Cou 

I t««B of Drosh^a, whti was aakina ai 

I bookwOer't lor tbu pUy > Th« Plain ^)t^^MTi 

I Fairbeord aaid, ' Madam, tber« he is for you/' 

pniihi>g fofirard bb fmnd : akd after on 

foichan^ of coatpliniMita about ptaia d«al- 

ing. l-'BifbMrd said, ' Madatn, yoa and the 

Plaiu Ltealer own di3ign«<l by H«av«i for 

each other;' and uflFT uaidiMtoi rourting in 

Tiinbrid^ Welh aud Iluttom (ianlcn lfa« 

lady ftgwd to marrv Wydli*ri*T < Desvii^ 

Onyinal T^ttrrt, i. l»i! -3>. I.*<ilia Isabella, 

I iIau|{bi«TofJflbBlIobaTtM,firM<wriorB»dBor 

I [q. r.]. bad nuirried, in 1600, Cbarte* Moenv 

' •eounii ««rl of Droglwdo, and thn tDeMBig> 

I with WTctxrUty must ha<c bivn>ub«MMat 

to June 1679, when the <arl died. KlMtv 

fp. I^,13)argnesthat Deniua probably gar* 
^78 by tnidakr inHead oif ItttO m lli« data 
of W^pbiThTv's illapMi; if to, tho manu^ 
was ui IttSO, aflrr Wycbtriry'* nHion to 
Eiulond. Thv marringc- wu (cent, bift 
bolore lonr il becanir known at court, wbnro 
itwoa looked upon as na afronl to tbo kinji 
and a contempt of his offm; aod whta 
Wyoharloy, fearing tho royal displeMcutft 
avoided thit court, his condact was Dr>ri>lTu-!4 
into ingrutitndc. In 16B3 bo p^it'liihed 
anonytuoualy, in qnoilo, * Poetical l^puillM 
to the King and Duke.' 

The Countess of Droglied« patyveO to bo n 
r*ry jealous wife, and OOOU not b«ar to bate 
hrr huiband out of bar aghi i and nv on 
tuld that whMi Wycharkjr went from tbur 
lodginjp in Dow Stnut to meet his friendt 
at ike Cock Taveni. which was oa lh« oppo- 
Bit« aide, be waa obliged lokttre the nioibm 

rn, in oTd«r ibat hta wifo oiigbt sec 
t ihnre wo* no woman in the ccnpwiy 
(DKX.fiH, Original IrtUn^ i. 'ii\\ The 
counlctK *i!tt!cd oil bi-T cstslo upon Wy- 
chcrlt-y, but his title was (liintcd afl«r bar 
dealb (which Took place proboblv in 1681), 
and law eipMuM and other ilekte cauotd 
bim to be thrown into pnoa. His fatbtr 
would not support him, and the pablisfacrof 
thn ' rinin iWlcr,' from whom be tried to 
borrow L>0/,, refused to lend him anything. 
Wychurky rcmaiat-d thus in (liatn>M fur 
seven years, uulil James II, uIcaH^ at a poN 
formaure of the ' Plain Ih^uer,' at wbicn \» 
bad been per«uaded to be prcaeul by Colonel 
Itmtt, )(BTe orler* for ilir payment of tba 
author* df^bts, and oddcil a pension otlNWl 
n yeur while ho retnuined in FjigUnd. 
AVyclivrley urns, however, ashamed to givs 
tile Enil of Mulgrav*, whom the kinganu 
tndcininnd it, a full accoiltii of his debt*, and 
he tbi-n^fon' remained in d iff! ciil lien farMnw 
luonlbs longer, ^brn his (athrr paid ibe tv- 



I 




Wycherley 



199 



Wycherley 



maining SOOL or SOU/. tpeexCK, Aneedolet, 
p. 3S^ Tlie luUlc iliat bemme bia on bU 
wtber** duatli in ltW7 was Ivft, nnttt-r liiuilu- 
tuins, ba twing only n lunant for liff, mill 
uot beiing Allowed t« raiM mnnvj Trir ihe 
jiavment of liis dctitA. In I6R4 1>k^nniii ivmi 
writing to Wvch'Tiry. nt ("livn, callinK liim 
'» tmmlik hfnnil* (UuNSli), Seltrt li'orAj, 

ii. 4dl). WliPC in lown Wyoliorlcy win o 

Sent irvfiueiitcr of W'ill'ii cjffi^i^-liousu, luid 
cyil<^n wrolH of liis 'dear friend,' 'I will 
not ifaow how moch I am inferior to Lim in 
wit <ui<) iudginent br uiuJerUliinz iiiiTihin^ 
•Avr him' lib. ii. iSS, i(0&-(l, 50»,' 531;. 
Carion«ly enoush, Jcwmjr Collier, in hi* 
attack on ttie tmmonilitj of tlie Knglinh 
■tage (16^8-9}, mailtf very liltle rpfenriioe to 
Wycberl«',(lii.nig!i lie dwidt iiiuoli <ia ibu im- 

piwurittiiw of Cungrcve Bni] Vanliriiglii |>ru- 
bsbly ihiawne bocftuwtJi.-srvfiiingi'r writers 
wm thnn morn hKfnm t.hi^ public M r. Goim 
(Life ef t'imsrrix, p|>. 113-14) mg^'M* ihnt 
Wycherley WM the nutbor of tile lively but 
■nonytnuua tract ' A VinditBtion of iba 
Stage' (17 Muy 1096) ; tliis iiifcu in con- 
MRHnI ttspecinlly witli iIit< def<;ncp uf Cou- 
gnrw, aou i« notic<-il briolly Ht Ilin •'nd of 
Collifli'a "Dtifpiicft «f tlifl SlioVi \'iflw'i 1699). 
In anoflicr rnplT to Collier. ' The t'lefiilimu 
of the StA^, Di-nni« dufeodcii \Vjcli«lev, 
ttliMe uttTtco] dedicntiun of tlie ' I'luin 
DmJw' to Mother Beiinvt had Imm-h used by 
Collier as an auiIioriTv agninet tli« stage. 

In 17(H WTchertev pnblifih«4] a folio 
volunifi of 'Mis^i'llnny Po«inti,'innit of thnm 
writtoD, ho «y(, nine or tmt yum cnrlier. 
'Wycbcrlcy la<t the mbnTriplionato tlur book 
tliroagh toe printer bivouimt; bunliropt. aud 
noTer telling Wyclierlcy whut he liud tv- 
eeived ur from wliora {Aildit. MSS. ~V2\ 
1(5, a>«ll« f. M). Tb- ver»« am poor Bnd 
ribald, bnl ihfl appi'nrnnrc fif thi> bonic uiems 
to luvA lod to tn« itrniijir^ frinndahip with 
joang Vmn, then a lad of lixtcen. The 
oorKnNmilCTce which I'ope published mnny 
jMra later, in 173I>, wu.? uo doubt carefully 
edit(<d, with the object of proving I'ope « 
iHWCOcioneDiaii ; ii in kriowo t^>atM)inKorhis 
Mt*M ax publiihnil nro ooiiooolioiiK from 
iMttets (if Inter dntnwrittmi to otli<?r ncmona 
(Atkeiuttim, 1M7 pp, 13, S'l. IsUO li. I'SO, 
3t»; Xotra and Quanw, 2nd tvr. i. IW), 
and Mr. Courthope liaa ahowu, by publish- 
ing Wycherley'siirtnal letter* ftomiheuiaDU- 
tcripls at l.ongliiAt, thnt in I'opeV verxion 
ibay w<tn^ elabnratoljallared an as to convnr 
a vnu of bis ovrn Mipeiiority an a lad over 
tbooUcrwritiTCPoPB. W'ork$,v.',S 4,3-S- 
407). At riily-four ^Vycherltfy was un old 
mwa wbow memorv lud been very bad «ver 
tlnm hU illneM tA lO'd. Pope kfterwudB 



•aid: 'Be bnd the laiDe linglc tbooghla 
(wbich witro very Rood) ci>nic into bis hud 
•ffaiu that l>» had att^ twenty yenn bnloM. 
Ilin m^niorr did nut carry abure u nvnienon 
nt a t.ini«' (SrntCB, ^MKv/t^d, p. I-IV Hu 
would nsad hiBiMlf afJeep at Dtght niih hia 
favouritu naUion — Montaigne, Rochefou- 
cauld, Senooa, or llmciaD, and n^st oiorn- 
inu would write verses with nil Ihc tlioUj|[lit«J 
of hit author, without knowiuf^ that be waal 
obllced to any one for his ideas {ib. p. IfiO). 
Tlw first leCt*r froui Pope to WychcrJej— 
aUefted to hnvn bwn written io lleceuibttr 1 
17I>1, whpn Pope was litt^un— rclat«A to ibM 
manner in wfiieh, at their l^rat tnoctinj,] 
Wj-cht'rlev had defended his tticni ]>rydeni1 
Wycherley rcjitied with compliments from 1 
the 'honlened scribbler' to tli« voung be- 
ginner; and *ftrly In 1706 viw find Pojie t>!- 
viainit mid cutting <lnwn bis IViend's laitiiii- 
•cript porint, and ndvi*ing which of the 
])t«ces ill the I70I coHnt-.tion wara wioTtby of 
reproduction. Pope's altcmtiona wan nnme* 
roun, aud he added lines of his own; ' they 
are no more than sparks hghttd up liy your 
lim.'hoMid. In November 1707 Wjdlerh 
■did he WB* n^olvod to print some of 
verses, and urged Pope to procff^il with th# " 
papers. Puiieiipcilnfpw'ilfartbenKinvohnnp's 
lie had uiiide: 'If I have iwl spamd yoii 
when 1 tlioughl severity would do you a 
kindnPM, I haie not mau^'led you where I 
thought thirm was no nbtioKile need of oin- 
pntation.' Wypju'rli'y said that, howev«r 
much Popo might eonconi it, ho should al- 
ways own that his 'infnlliblo Pope' had 
saved bin] ftoin 'a poetical damning a m~J 
cond tinKi.' Tonsons sixth vnlumeof *Mi»>l 
(«llany Pmnni.,' published in liOU.oiulaiii'.'d 
Point's ' 1'fii.lnrnls,' thi- third of which was 
addressi'd to WjcJierley, and aUo somo 
verses ' To niT Friend Mr. Popp, on his IVs- 
toraU,' by Wycherley. hut probably con 
rvcted by Poiie himself (Poi'H, tt'orki, i. 
31-2). Wjcliorley talked of publishiiig 
Pone> leltors to hiiu in reieuge fmr hi* 
miliary. By thii time Pope W4« writing to 
Henry Crotnwpl! alioiit bearing Wycherley'* 
frailty, and forgiring his tniitakp, dun 10 a 
scoundrel who had inHiiiinted innliciom un- 
truths (Pope, Workr, \i. S'i. 86 7). The 
friends ¥rere sendiiir each kind meisnf-es 
acain by the end of liOO. und in April ITIO 
Wycberlpy said he shoiild scon return to 
town frnta Shrewtbiiry fur the suiuiner, and 
begged Pope In pfnriTnd with the revision of 
his pB|>ers, in order thnt hi* might publish 
some of them nboul Miehnrltnns. Pnp.-; 
found numerous repHitiotis, and Wycherley 
aaked him only to make marks io the margin 
vitihout dafacing the copy. J\>pi! repLed 



h 



=^ 



Wycherley =< 

tliat be thi-'iighl it would b« better for no 
iilter»tion» lo bo mnxle excf'pt wbi-n tlipy 
were Ixith pn-.wnt; tnoiC of th* pict^n, be 
coiiKicl<>ntrl, wotilil appiMr botler ii maii'mH 
and rpHoctiona in pnuu lb*n inrrive. fJdre 
thn ciMTMpoinluncp, as we hnvii it, OMAM. 
Pope eomplsini-'d lu Crumvoll of liU frimd'B 
tiiluuci- i hv luid onlv doac )iiiii:vtv<ly what ' 
WyclieripT bode liiiii. Wycberlcy wajirtsT- 
ii)^ wiTh t rnmvnll, and 1 cipe f^nt fnendlr 
oiwgM, mid Duid liv could not andcfstnnd 
what vu till' ciUH.' ortltR citmogomeitt, 
nntMaitHTcTi.- Wvclierlcy'doniriD'iuipOBitiou. 
But in OoIuIht I'll Oruiuwdl wrutr IliAt 
Wycherley. wbu bad vititisl b'lui ut ftHth, 
now A^aiii Wld )'op» in bigb rHVoiir.anil lii' 
tendod to vImI him that winTtir, nfi^r iiivit- 
itiK IWi to town. I'diH! said ba w>a hi^bly 

eiwd at tbii rhnn^, but tntta» In liare 
n 'low ill BotTptinB Wychirloy « invita- 
tion (HVfei, vi. i'J'i-'). 

Tlie genuine Wyi-lit-rk-y IvtTtve siiggeat 
t.hni l'o^N> ha» grtiMlv iiu"ivprw*ntrf iIm r*- 
Intionihip bflwivn hinifiiTlf iind Wyc1i«rl<>y, 
-wlio, at Ruy rntp nt the br^inning, trmtixl 
I'ope lis nil old mail nnd a fiimoii* wriior 
mi^ht bu i-xpi^flrid to tivat h clcvrr liid of 
MTvuiilcviL or vi{;blwu, oaLliit; liiui ' my (rrval' 
liltlu friviid ' nnd ' uiy dear littl» iiit'alliliW 
' My first friendship, tl sixteen,' wrote Pope 
' to Swia in \739, 'wu oODiractod with a 
nun of KOYcniy. and 1 fbund him not grave 
Mioiwl) or coiuiitcnt cnouj;b for tno, ihouKh 
wo G»ed well till bis deatb.' Mr. Elwin 
tbought ibal W'Tcberley'* cuoliieH aroM! nut 
fVnm Pope's crilLci^iua of bia lerse, but frutn 
tbn discovery Ibal Pojie, while pr-jfea^iiiit 
unlimited frii'-ndsliip.liud mftrV birii tbo sub- 
Jpct of laiirifal viTrsf. In ihn ' Kasny on 
Cniici»m,' imblinbi-d in Mny 1711, bo «poke 
of tboBC wbo, 

in noDiU and jin^lin^ syllables grown aid, 

SlUI roD nil iHH-la in d raging roin. 

ICan to the drrgi nnd wjueoiing of Ibu brain ; 

and nddM, ' ^iicli sbameless bards we have.' 
U i( dif!it-iiU nut. to believe that this vas an 
attack on bin old mmnnnion f I'opi:, H'vrkt, 
ii.70-ai. Aflurward* Popo»nid:' Wycherlev 
waa nwlly aiiftry with roe for corrnnliiiK his 
venes so inucJi. I waa itxtremidy jilnjtuiwJ, 
up and down, for almiiat two yrara witli 
tnem.' Iiowever,\Vy(.'berleT followed Pope** 
ndvirp, and turned fomv hundreds of his 
vfne* into prcBo ranaini*. P'>|ie'« ndditions 
nrp to bo found i^ipecinlly in the piectis on 
'Solitude,' 'A Imc. of ItiiiinPiw,' and 'A 
Middle Life" (SlEXiK, pp. ll.S, 1491. 

On ibiT Diarriai^ of Sir William Ttumbull 
in 1709 Wytliorley wrote to i'apt:: 'His 
counple had altoos'i made m« marry, more 



Wycherley 



than my nfiphew's ill-mrrio^ In mo ; havton 
nnco THnlTcc to havp rrvongod my»rlf umb 
him by my marnojiv.' He often nid uat 
be would marn as soon aa his life vu dr 
apairedof; and aePOrdiuglr.on ;WDec,17l6, 
el«veu days befotv hitdealb, Wycherley was 
mnint4, at lib lodf iDfs in Bow Stnvt, by 
John llarria, with apncial Kcqbw, to Eliu- 
bolh Jackson, of St. Jameia, ^Ventminxur 
(Jeryulrrefta.Paurt.CovetitOardrnX 'TV 
old man I ben bay down,' Mjfs I'ope, ' aativ 
fi«d iu ib« oonactenoe of h*Ticih- by ibis ont 
act pud his jissi debU,obliced a woounwhe 
lie was lotdnad norit, and tkown hi benne 
T^ientmmt of thn ilUiuu^ of hia nsxt Iwir. 
.Som<! hiindn'd pounds which h* bad with 
the ludy diKliarged those debti; a joinlunt 
of four hundred a year made her a racoiD- 
petiBT ; and the ueidiew be left to ttmttan 
bimself as well as lie eould with ihe mise- 
rable r^mnina of a mortmted oMaie' (Pops 
to Blount, :!l Jan. i715~ia>. l'<m nw bin 
twice aftrm-arda, and found hitn icaa poerish 
than in himltfa. After iDakioft his ynsnc 
wife prumiH', on the precntini^erenintt.lkeVM 
lo marrt- an old man a^in, Wycberlaj died 
uu 1 Jan. 17111, and wa« biiried in » voili 
under the church of St. I'aul, Oorent Oar- 
don (I.K Ni:vj:, jVonuui. Anyl. 1717, p. 30S). 
IVipB aaya that he diod a lioman catholit^. 
Wo arc told un tba oiw bami that hi* wife 
brought him a fortune of 1,600'., and on i 
other (by Pope) thai «be jitovedaebekt^i 
a cssl luislrem of tlie person wbo _ 

mended her to Wycherley, and was snppljed 
by him with nioiiBy for hi-r wrdding iMolbsa 
(ffriDic'e, p. U). But tbi* last stolAment 
it incompatible with Pope's other story that 
the billy B muiicy enabled Wychertey ti) paj 
off]ii«debl». N'lblei <.^'ntiHiiitli<i'i '^ Gramer, 
1. 240) ■IcAcribes her as daughter and coheir 
of Mr, Jackson of llcrtingfardburj. In any 
cal>l^, shn married attain, licr M!«ood hitsbanil 
beinff ('aplain 'rbomai Sbrimnlan, Wy- 
chertev's ' lovinfl kinsman' and sole executor, 
who dencribes liimself in a letter in Mn. 
OldHeld's 'Life' as Ibe iieatvit rebtive 
Wvcherler bad livinff on bU mother'a aide 
(Onf. A^aff. mo, ii. aS»). Then wen 
HfWm'nrdalamuitsabour. Wychorloy^aMtl*- 
mrait on hi* wife. 

Cavtain Slirimpton sold a numbar ol 
Wyclierley's manuscripts to a boofc*«lItEr, 
but tbey were iu so coiifuaed and inegible a 
Slate tbnl it was neoeiaarr to emfrioj Xawia 
Theobald [<|.r.]. the Critic, to «^1 thea. 
They were uliimniiilj' published in I7d4, 
with a memoir by Major Itichardaon t^ick, 
at ' Thti Poithumou* Work* of Wiiliani 
^Vychcrluy, Em., in Proae ond I'criMt. 
two porta.' Neither tbeae isor tba 



lUB wiir 

I on th^^ 




Wycherley 



101 



Wycherley 



collectlMi have pv<<r Iwpn reprinlei), nor i* 
Uier« anyUiiag in thrm wonh prcMirrniion, 
UiOUgli ttMfiKiMiBUiiiiuiareboltiTtbMii Ibu 
fen*. Vopt Mud Ibat tbii i-oliinie vu de- 
tMalotT to Wvcherley* inemorr. ■iid uu- 
Gur M hiDMeir { Worlu, r. 'JSJ. vi. iixi iil), 
knd Dwdii it tli« exciue for <be publication 
of bis eorf<Mponileioc0 willi Ih« ilramntiit. 
CollecUd edition* of Wvcbrrlpy'* pliij* 
■ppMnd in 1713, IT>0, IT^l. 173.'), and 
1(68. ThcT wcTo inpludtd by Irf'ijfh lliiut, 
in an edilion of ihc plav< of Wyt-btirli-y. 
Consrevc. Vanbrusb, tLu<l ('urquluiT (1840 
•ltd l&OI. nbicb ti)nii«d tb» tvit of MaMii- 
lav*" wt'll-liDowii'?*»ftvj «nd ibev wi^wcaiw- 
fully rditrd by Mr. \V. V. Wilrd in 18B3 
for i!ie ' M»rranid Srtir* of Old I>rnmatii>tii.' 
Wychnrley «n» poinicd by l^-ly wben he 
ws* t«nity-ri)(bt, mid ibii purlrait of u 
'vtrj fp!tit«.-l' mtia (SpExrB, p. ^itt), in a 
flovtitit ^''K> "'HH i^produoij in ui^tnoimt. 
bv Smith in li(Ki, iitid |>tvflxiid to nba 
* Mi*i;i-liaRy Ptwmn'of 1704. Tlin oririnnl 
was in Sir HoIhtI IVd'n collrelion nt l)p«y- 
ton Manor, and wbb told in London on 
1 1 May 1900. Tlie mollo lo ibe euttraviug 
('CJuanlUQimutiitusabillo') WBD, Hajs IVui^, 
ordered bj Wychttrl^y biiusplf (id. p. 13). 
ThewnMpaintiuK wasrvprinliicei^ by M.Vnn 
der Ouchl for Ilie colliH'Iml oilit.ii>n of tliii 

EyK AnolbiT palnlin^, by Knrlkr, in at 
ole Pnili. Il van dran-n at flrit witb 
the old man* iiinifnili"K K^y bnir, but. aa 
Wjrchorli-T could not boar it wlu-n djjnt^, I bo 
[Nuntcr wan obliged lo draw b wig to it {it. 
p, JJw). 

Lwd Luudowne Hid tluit, 'pointed and 
•ever* as he b in hii wrilinE*, in bii Umpar 
he had all thn Ronntun nf ttii> tnndorPHt ai*- 
pQHtioD: gnniln and inuficrisivc to uvi-ry 
man in bin porliculor tharacttT.' He wrntt- 
lino in ditfenot' of Biirkin^^liaui (' Vour latf 
diagnce ii bul lb« court's di»|paih>') wbwi 
that nubltruian wm in pnw^n in ihv Tonnri 
&nd he did bin iiimoi^t to inlArf*) thn diikv 
on licibalf of Snmiii'l Butler wh«n that nocl 
wat in want. Iln won much nttachra K 
hia frinnda ; l)rydi>i< calk-d biin bin ' dear 
friend' (UE."(»fI«. I^lfrrt on Srreral Ocea- 
MOif. 1(190, p. Ti'f. and Wytli'-'rlvv wroii- of 
"ny once it'wd frif-iid Mr. !'ryi!«n, wboM- 
memorT will be bononntd when 1 bavn no 
mneinbrancn ' (PtvtMiinau* Woriu, ' ICmny 
againac l*ridaand .\rabilion''I. After tlicir 
recnacilintiun in 1711, XS'yebcrli^y and I'ope 
dinnd to^dipr, und wben I'oiie tmid ' To our 
loTR).' the old ninti ruplii-d. ' It i« Mr. Pope'tt 
bualth.' Writiiis in I7U5 or 170ll, \,otA 
lAiiadowue aakod a friend to meet Wychpr- 
ley and 'a yonnt; port, nowly inimircd'-- 
FOpt — whoiQ Wycburley and \\'a]>h bad 



k 



' taken iiDdvr (bi-ir wind.' lie added that 
it WM in>DO«Mbl* not lo lorr both Con^ravA , 
and Wvcliorl^y ' for tbi-ir awn talcrat, ah ~ 
■tnctcif from tbo merit of thair irorluhfl 
Kooli«al«r(itom<onMf(«i''i/0(v<»iaiu, 1061]^] 
p. 42) apoko of ' Uaaly Sbadwell and aloi 
Wjeherlej : " 
But VijchnTiey mm* hanl vhale'vr ha gnina. 
Ho vsnu DO jadgneni and ha ipana ao pains. 

Oq Ibis Lord Lao»do«riie remarked, * If it 
bad bwn a iroiiblr lo him to wTitH, I atu 
luucb niiMNken if bi> nould not hnTo •pari'd 
bimiinlr that tmnblf.' I'op^t »aid that ha^ 
wa* fur from hainn ilovr, and wrote Ihor" 
' nuin Dealer' in tbr«t weeks (Spesce. pp. 
161 :>). Steele lelU us tbal Wycberlej 
once )niVT> a aaicaxlic dpfinilion of ' eaijrJ 
writing.' 'TbRt,' Mid he, 'among the 
fellow* i« caUwI i-aay writing which any on 
ronv oii*ilv writ*i ' ( TalUr, ^o. 9). D^a 
»|K)kr' of WjphMley nn ' »o <?xc«llent a poctP 
and loBrmt n jiidne\/'ivwf If'erA'f, iiLSSTi); 
nnd from un ■ Kpirtle lo Mr. Drrden' in 
Wycberley'a ' I'tHil humour Worka' il appear* 
that UryuT'ii asked hi» friend to Juiu with 
hiu) in irrilin^ a comedy. KliiewWre Dry- 
ilen upoaka of ' t1)<> uttin*, wit. nnd dlr^ncrlh 
of manly Wyi-.hirli'y.' I-lTnlyn »eid that 
' lu lon-B as mm are fulie end women vain 
. . . la pointed ratiie. Wvcberley «bs 
roign." It ia Wvcherley's sonouj inlenlneL_ 
that at onui* uiailra him oil' from the brilliancoi 
of Congrt'vp, the boiMernuanciu and humour^ 
of Vantini^h. and the pIi-A>in{|> ^{-oA feltow- 
abip of l'*nn)ii!i*r. An Itaililt aayi, in (!on- 
KTpv thn work ma nib ip ia more alriking than 
thn material, but in Wjcberley'i plnyn wu 
remi-mber lliu charuclerB more than what 
tbey nay. But it ig harder lo aj^rw with 
Elaililt ibat the * PIniu Dealer' is worth 
t<?n voliimed nf iu>mi<ina, nnd ihat ' no one 
can read thii plaj nltrnl ivnly without being 
the bt^tler for il a» long a* bo livts.' I.aintt>i 
«iud that lie alwayifi-ll beilerbc<«iiac|^ysF'' 
for T«odini{ ' one of ConareiVii — nay, why 
ibould I not add even of WTi:lierley'aconi«- 
diea!'' lu \Vychprl«^'a ulara ihv immo-, 
rality is mora realbuc, and toerefore moT«'l 
Lartnful, than in othpr ICn*toration dramaii ; 
hilt bii vi(;nur and elearnra* of di'linmiioa 
ari> hia (rriiniei,! muriia. 

[The prion jmL orT[£iii>d annrow of inrr>rniAI,ioilJ 
for VTyclirrlcy s lifi' nn Kl^jor I'nck'a msnioin 
in Iha Poaibnmoua Worka. ITtftl. Ofuuia'a OriJ 
einal l..*lt«r*, 1721^ IiDniiii'H .Mwt Worka.'l 
1718; Spenpr* Amwdol"* i Popii'* Workn. «d. 
Elwin and Courtlwpa . LinJvii'* Proao Wotb^ 
■I. Maluno, i. it. *'H. lu. 1(18, 177. 3fl.V 
slno lliKKT. Dnlivniiira ^ ltlO(tr. DntmntiiM) 
Cibbn'a Cirva of lb* Povta. iii. 31S-A7 : Wowl'a ' 
AlboDB Oxoo. vc, S37 : memoir io Ltigh llnnt's 



Wyck 



JOJ 



Wycliffc 



» 



•AtiMttf Wfvbnlif ; JtMMit^« Bw? «b lb* 
Comic DnvatiMB af lk> Sagtomtkm: Nr. 
Wuil'f afiitM «if W}«bMl«]r. ia «Ueh wmw 
miwiAtcniMU of Mwaolay bm MOfccudi 
K»CUV WUIhIb Wj*lMtV;'« LrfiM and d»- 
mtiMlw Wfris, JlniiMM. 1S«1; OomMV Ac- 
couil ofUw Ei«(Uh Su)t^ i. lU. IK. 140. l«l. . 
u. 4IT.ei!. r. 8*. US; IW. A. W. Wud'* tfnc. 
Jiih Dnmatic UinMim. ti. H7-t3i Svift* 
Wocfcii. ed. ScMt. vriL II. 381. nx. IS. 3U. 
Xob* oad Qboim. 4ih wr. ir. ««1. UO. (. 175. 
7tk Mr tii. HC : OilM J*»b'* PoMical Rrffifr; 
lADIlWao'i Live*. p.dlt ; >'eirAtakDtia.lT(l. 
liL 3(7; Lord L^nalosw'* WnrfcfL roL ii. ; 
Oniig«'«8i<«r.ni>t.<.:4S; X<>U-'*CaM<aiD». 
tioo of Oraacrr. 1803. i. SST-M; Hit*. XSS. 
CoBiD. lad Ri^. Df. TO. ;i : Uitnb'i Gnaji of 
Klu; Ticslcj'r Mvuiaa. sixii. S34' 43 (br 
J. F. Mollo;)^ Hulitt'fiKUfMon tbaEogliah i 
CoMir Writen; Ocnt. Haf. ■•« Mr. 1871. rii. I 
823-3* (byChiulcaOvikllClu-ki-); Voltwni'i 
I«UrM to/ 1m Aactaii. p. lil : Ife Onay'i L» 

coBMb* Ai«iiMM itn-nor. m»; viiu- 

moiu'ifitodndoLiti. ItM.pp.aOi-KiTiiH'* 
Bntilitii l.itiinliiR, 1S7I, L 480-8.] O. A. A. 

WYCK, JOnX flftB2-170O>. p*ii>t«r, 
fou of ThoBM Wjrk (1616-1677), • di» 
tingntoked Untd painter of intvrion, 
market*, nnd Itelioa ««apoct^ vent bom «t 
Hurlea on 29 Oct. tWSII. Oe wm » p«pU 
of hin &lW, Bad euae «rli«ii yowig to En^;- 
Und, wliPK 1m tMlled- Us waa a derer 
paintn of boraM uid otli«r animals, and «n- 
lO^v^ 4 great mutation for hi* baltls and 
Dunting K«fiOii, in irlucli bo imitalod Wim- 
warmaaa. Antong hia boM works are tefrr- 
teBtatiovw of tbu «ieg« of Nnmur, ihv si^ 
of Uacrtiidit, tbi! battle of ilw Bojne. uhI 
otfaur military txvMt» of ^^llliun III i 
tkew and mauv oi hia bimluig pi«cw wen ' 
angMTcd b; Smith, Fabn-, and L«u. In 
Kneller's ^umtrian ]Kittrait of tha DiilDa of 
Scbntnbrrtc, *ii>l alio in tliat of tba Duba of 
HonmouiJi byNctiolier,tbRbarsFii andUnd- 
(capcirenputinbr Wjeb. IK- |ai tiled manf 
cscclltmt UndBca|H», includins vicwH in 
Scotlnnd and in Jm«i-j. n'lrk'n ' Uurrore of 
War' b in tbo ltridgi>wal«r Galll^r7,aad kis 
■William Hint Ibo Sicgeof Maealncbt'at 
K»nw«Vv; lii« 'Battle of tba Bojne'waa 
unlil rrci'tltiT at IIIrnliHni. The OdpI}- 
pointcd bc*d of a grcj-hound, fcirm«rl>- n*. 
llougbtom llnll nnd nun- at St. IVttmibiitjr, 
waa EiifCTaTcd by Birluui for thr llougbton 
Golluri,-. 

W^'ub marriuil in England, and ttie cit- 
cuuuianci^ iaperbapa recorded in an entry 
in the K^istera of Ine Dutch dinreb, Auatta 
Frinni: "13 April 1600, Johnnnes ran 
WiJRk mot (.'nlhnrinn van Almnilincl:- 
huijtCQ.' Ifp midrd chiefly in I.nndMi and 
ita ridnily, and dird at Mortlabc, where he 




WM bonad on 96 Ore ITOD. Hia 

piaiated bv Kaaller ia lOM, wat 

W J. Fah^ in I730,siid U T.Cbavbn fa 
t*e fint editioa of Walpote a * \mattott*.' 

[Na^ir'* KteMlM^LaxkM : WaJpek*. Aa«e- 
diMtaar ruoliag; Radpara'a tMcLoT AniMt; 
M niai'* RiiKBtn^ of Itae Dnkb Chank. Amia 
Frian. I8S4; MottUkaBwiA Bmw*w.1 

f. SL OTK 

WTCUFFE, JOHN (A tSStX reUfiow 
refortiMT and tliiaoloKiaa, waa burn, acooraiii; 
to Lelaad, at SpravweC * a good imjb> fiwa 
lUrbaa wttt,' ia Yotfafaire^ .\tt«4BBU ban 
been made to diaoovwr a place eaUed Spiw 
well or SpeawcU, aboat a mile fmai a mm- 
poa<!d 'Old- Itiefanoad and balf > mW 
num Wvcliflr, -wbid) i> ailuated oo ife 
Yotklfcira aide of the Ta4, just owusite 
Bamard Caade. aad ibe nrit panili la 
Koliefaj. But than >• no fmI andanoe for 
the exMtanew of either Spnawdl or Uld 
RichnMnd (cf. JJamrtrw, Ei^luJk ITarUy 
"W. P- 1)' Ur. I'aole point* out that 
SprMweU it simply a ainnat for Ipmnl 
(now Hipewell), a mile boib tbr tfiiiiing 
town of Rietimoaid En the suae eminit. 
IpCMwel ia tha fnnn aetnaUj fonnd ia the 
earlier cofMi of l><iland. Vi'hen thai writ* 
eliewberc aaeribce John \^',vcli&'* orifin ta 
WjeliSn, be prenunaUy aeanc that thii 
waa tbeabodr ol his Ekntly, and tbc plan 
where he ^pent bio early day». Only aloeal 
and ItmUy mdition cooaecls him witli ihe 
WTcliSea of W^iffe, who had bnn lordu 
of that laaaor wnco the Cimqiieet, but there 
is notbinfi improbable in the aupmeitioa; 
and a John de Wycliffit waa CBnaiDiyMtnoa 
of the living dtiriiut the leCnncr** life, and 
pntenie-I to it a fe4low of Balliol (SBBoBurr; 
3Ma Hyrl>/. p. 90). Watauwham canfinaa 
the ftct tlMl be waa a non h-e^unTTjiaaa. 
It 11 acnriouaciKUBWtan«<lhMlh« WicliCt 
Eimily adiirmd to tbe old Cuth aftvr the It«> 
(tirtDBiion. aod that in eaaacqurnrc half tb« 
inhabilaniB of the riU^^e an still Itotaan 
eatholice (Lbculsb. JcJ^n H'yciife snif lu 
Stuflixi iVem/mra, EdkI- iraiuL Et Lorimn. 
im, f. 8S). 

Tha traditietial dat« of WycltSe'a birtb 
(1.1S4) mete ouhr npon a co^je^ure of Lewie 
iJliit. ff the Lift and AjArni^ ^ Ja** 
tt'klif, p. I), or ivtbor of Bale, I 
the aaramplion that be waa abou 
when he died of a paralytic stn^ ii 
Tbe facts that Wvelifir is not heard 
public life till 18^'>, tliAl be did not I 
a doctor «f thtDloey till I37S. and 
won not till l:i77 that hia tboolcvieal 1 
atimrii-d attention, while tfao oavelofaMBt 
of fais theoloj[icnl position waa eren tkca 
renr iucompletet would K««n lo suggod that 




i 




Wycliflfe 



K>3 



Wycliffe 



' 



I3ifi !!• too nalj nitli«r Ihoii too lot* a dnte 
for hi* birlh. 

Tim tiMtineiit oT John WydillV'a Oxfofil 
life is embairMMxl bv iH.Tious qui'ition* of 
iilt^nlHii-atioii. Tbi' liillowinft iiotko* uci'ur 
of a JoLu Wjclitit- ul 'Oxford iluiiuf; th« 
period of the rcfortavr'a rvsidt- nri' : all of 
tiMm, «XMpl tlw fonrlh, may be idMilical 
vith him, hut only in llie Sr»l two COK* is 
the idrDtiSiialion iiiiiti* crrtnin. 

(1) A John Wychlti! in mcntinnnl na 
niaat«T of B«l)iol ColI<^! In |.%U 'Fliis 
wootil make it proboUi?. ihou^'h nut ci-rtam, 
tliat Wycliffit miu: liavo hwa ut bi>idc furiuer 
pdnod a 'fcholnr' or (s« we »hoiil<] wtvi 
Mj) fdlnw of that cnll^gr. Diit. lUlliol was 
foitndcd ns a rnlU'nr of >tiiJi>nr« of arTt, not 
of thuolojiv. By ihn orijiinn] atatutn* ntid 
by a mi'-i-ial inicrprtlntion of iliwu uuui'd 
in 13*25 by th>.> tnu ' Piti-nial moiilirni ' (swr 
tlie printed ft«tii(*^B: i-f HmnDiLL, I'aiKrti- 
tit* in fir AfHrllf .1-jfr, ii. 474), uii<l<^T w]iOBe 
^viTumc^t thrcnlli^iiaf flrivfinHllv placed, 
a f<-!low uRCcMarilr rcugncd hia fvllowship 
onbctoIiiiiftkiiiMalf tAth«>*ttidy nf thRoIipy. 
Tbcrre niiiv titerrforr hftTC been on interval 
beiwet-n tbc fvllowjliis and the marterthip. 
In mo Sir Wiliium Fvllun l<>ft a bcnueat 
for ih^Bunport uf sii arw Ibi-<<k>gi<'ul feUow- 
sbijif- The bequMt couM^tvd in the advow- 
■Ad tti AbbotMqr. and the cri1leg« Hid not 
enter into imiuAwiion of it till thi> dnatb 
of ila then inruiubi'-nt in 1.'I6I, whi^n John 
Wycliire,a» wwittTor vrrifilpn,wiu iiidixptid 
OU behalf of thv euU(>)!V (Lincoln HeyUtrr, 

Gynw«ll, Iu8iiiutiiiii«. f. Sl>7; Lewis, p. I-, 
tii*t. .VSS. Cvmin. 4th Rt-j>. Ayp. p. 44"). 
Thai a youth bom nl Wyclilft should liavB 
bnn ixmt to tho coIImm founded by John 
BalIiol,hv<Iori!iimardCBi>l](ionthi'nppoait« 
Innk of Iho Ttrs, ii niliiral MWU([h; olid, 
itj it «'u by Balllul Collt-f,-? ihni. AN'vcliHR 
wu anpoiuled to Fiilirit^hau.und il iHoiTlaiii 
(hat toe vicar of Pitliiiglnuu wrnl on (•> 
I.iidK«mhal1 and llinnr? to l)io rv'fonner'i 
well-known livinffnl I.iitli'rwi>rth,thi> ideal i- 
ficalioa of thu tiuutrr of tUllinl with thn 
i«ronncrbooai»esMitnin. Wyrliile'i idbjIi-p- 
■hiji idhM liave biM-n of ihort duretinn. 
Another person iH incut iuiicd a* uaitcr in 
13iW, and Wyi.-)tire had [Tobablv er»Md to 
bold tbe office before iIm imd of i.WI. if the 
arxt aliuaion ii lo V r»f<-iTwJ to tbe mtnw 
John Wyelim'. 

ii) In the Uil-ini'ntinnnd ymr (1381) a 
Mriain 'Jolin do U'yclif, of tliL- dinmw of 
York. M.A..' B|)|j(-an in llii- roll of mroli- 
cants for proviwuns lo benvCras di't]wlcnL'd 
by tlio university of Oxford to the ptpal 
court. IIc«ipplirst*dforapi«>bnnd,raQonry, 
and dignity at Yock, *nolit'iih»fandi)ig: that 



hn haa the chiircb of FiUinghani, in fJi» di»- 
cnu' of Lincdo, rali]<< thirty marks.' The 
petition ■vuis not granlod, hat a prebnod in 
ibe ouUcgintf churdi of Wwlbiiry in tho 
dioc«o of Worcusirr w»s fcivt-n insimd of it 
(Calttular ^ Bfitriet m l&e J^al Jlfyitten, 

«(1. BlifD. reiiiions, i. 390). HmI John Wy- 
cliifn hren at this time master of Balliul, it 
wouh] have been nvcftwry to state tha ueU 
Ha probably rttiiKned on nccepliag ibo tve- 
tory of FillinKhnm in May of tlio MUne yi 
(Zinoj/n ll.'ghtfr, (lynwfU. f. 1^3). A* 
is (vrltLiu <>jw U'luw) that the reformor 
vicsr orFillingham, ibpubuvt' allusion Bv 
bo to th« ssme person. 

(3) A nrtain ' MnMer John WidiT' a 
pears in tho nrrounls of Qiinm's Collcgv for* 

j ISTl-a.foc 1374 5, and for 13ftO-l a* paying 
twiit furruuiiunsa 'pi-iiiioocr' or 'commoner' 
{nU. MSS. 0,mm. -.'ad K---p- An*- P- 1«V 

' $<hirlev's idviiliiicutiou of thii \\ iclif irith 
the r^onnpr wmitd ha pluusible ■:in'ugh bnt 
for Ihn FXtrrmi-probnbiUiy that Ihf puodioiier 
of Quppii'ii WBi ihit same ns the tolloviog, 
of whoAu cxi»t™pp Shirli'V irn« not awaiv. 

(-1) A cprloiii John W'yclif apprntu in tlio 
QiiH'u'ii CoIIfkh twmputut for 1371 '2 n* 
one of tbv ' almonrv boys' of that collq{Bf. 
for whom * ' Iloetriasle' (of Ale.\aud(>r '" 




dal 



Villa Dtiil nnd otWr tWng* wen> pureha 
((%. 2nd Itrp. App, p. 141 ). Tliorelormer< 
viouily could not finvii born h(?(;iiining hi* 
Liitin gnrnituBtin l.'J71. but ih<i boy of I-'(T1 
maypoBsibly hnvi- bL>comc a mB«I«r by l.l'l, 
lliough ihe tiiDi- is undoubtedly mtber short. 

(0) A 'John Wyclif appiirs as ihb 
woeklv »en«»cbftl or steward (and tliMefoi 
fidlow') of Mertfln Colli^ in 1850 (Bbo 
lUfK, MemartaU of Merion Cnllf'yf, p. 3*!). 
The priiicipBl objection lo the idrniihpniion 
uf thti JoliuWyclifnith Ilit- reformer a rites 
from ibu i-ilrrnie prubsbilily i>f the MiT- 
tonisn'*ideBlity with tli'-nnt John Wrcliffir. 

(ttl Th«i niMI fsinoux >\avil\'m of idenli- 
Hcntion is cnnnecled with (he sppoiiitweut 
of a ciTlsin John W'yciif to thi» msstenihi' 
or wardciiinhip of Cnnlerbun- Hall by Si 
Wip, nrahhithup of Cunferburj-, In l^iBS. 
This coUefie had been founded by Iiiiti in 
M&i aa a place uf Ibvotogical ntiidy Tir n 
warden audnx fellows, of whom tliewunlt'u 
and ihniw fellows wera lobe moakH of Chriai 
Church, Cnntnrhury, and (liareniaiuing Oi 
fellow* serularprienis: hut, in conu^uen^ 
the feud which inevitably renultrd fmen siidl 
»ti nrrnnBement, the ntchbinliop in 1365 re- 
moved tbe m<.ink/i and replaced the monaiiic 
warden Woodball by u ' John de Wyclif,' 
who is described (LBWt«, p. '^'1) sh coming' 
from the dioCMn of York. In IW7< bow- 
cvrr, Itlip's nucci-wn* in ibc nrchl^Ishopric, 



Wycliffe 



ao4 



Wycliffe 



til* mank Simoa Luif^iftiB, tonied o«t tli« ] 
intruded •eciiUn and Bll«] tbcir place* with 
Banki. Tlte rxpcUed warden aod fellaw* 
appaaM U> Kurau, and in 1371 iodgmeiit ^ 
ira* Kivvn agaisu tb« a|>iH'ltiiiil*< Wn.KIKa, ' 
Ckwniia, iii. fii; Lewis i>>^ iW" w.; Litm* j 
CoHtiar. Tol. li. p]i. iiv, /Xtl , lt.uiinAt.1., 
tTnirrrmlia in tit Middle jiiti, il. 499-9). I 
It woa lulural ibal ^\\vGli<^p\ opponcnl* 
abould put in tltls indilcnt nn PiptanalMo 
of hialioMilitjtomagjuraiid thviii»iD*ui«aa 
ia BmIu »0 mtj lh£t it is impoMible ab«0- 
lu'wlj to (liiiprove tlia »J«DiiflcatiQn. It h»» 
the autliorii V of l h» eowMm ngfatr ninnk nf 
Si. Alhtin*, Mib aawi l!(77 (f3l^. .Im^faW, 
\Ui\U ftrt, p. ll.')), and of Wrrli&i op- 
ponriit, VSilliam Woodford [q. v.' {t'ateieuU i 
Ximmoram, Kolla Ker. p. fi)'), aud it n ' 
acTFplcd br I.vii'is, V'aiM^lun, and lacclilvr | 
<HW al>» C^nivA QwMti.&r.i.Vi^. On <1m ; 
olitvt mAi> (OP an articl« by W. J. Courthop* i 
w till' dmtlrmaat Mafoun*, 1814, iL iS^ \ 
mprintnl by \' avuhax, .VoHograph, p.U7i ; 
Fate. Zit. \x.. pp. 513 a*; BcRUows. H'y- 
ciifff't^aef im Itutory.o.^l: Vooi-K, tt'yciiJTe 
aiul Momnmtt/vr Itr/orm, p. tUj). AgoinM 
the idculilieativn it toa; be urg«d (a) that 
liftd the Kiforwer been pla<«d in tbis pnu- 
t.Lon, wa mig'ht luiTf itxp«ct«d tlini iiti'icii<nt 
lo ll^un! mom lnrj[cly tlian it iloi-> in tbn 
oontmvRmal titi-ralurp of tUojime: (4) 
mjwi-inriy lijniilieiiiil in flic silence of W j- 
cliirc'i m'lil BVnlirmalic odvi-ntury. Waldi^n 
\%rv Nbtter, TiiOHt»J; (ri (bat tht^ wanl«a 
at ('anterbiirv aecius lo be apoken of as a 
achular of tliat hnaw at th« line of bia 
appuiniment (dnrunn-nt in Lcwiv, p. 14). 
an impnulblc pfiiiclnn for the Tiear of 
nilin^bam ; \di (hot thrre w»a ccrlainly 
unaihrr Jolin W'yi^lyvo ur WUiltlyirr, who 
vriu i-ollated 10 (he rvcturv of Mavfirld bv 
Arobbisbo)) l*lip tn 136] (Itvir. I«li]uf- 'i^l i: 
Vii'oKA^c, Mannf/r/tph, p. Kti). May^rld 
beinjia mnnornnd a frrqiimt rwidmico olllin 
aivhbiihop nt tin- tiroi-, wr fpft n pcnmnni con- 
niT-tion bi:lwiy-n iiiin mid tbisJuhii WyclilVf. 
Tb» nrdlliinhup Vina ul Muvlield when ihi' 
wiirdirn wus ii|i[">iu<rr), and n-ag Limsetf a 
Merlon man. W-ii)e!i being <.i^iy?lW« Tisilor of 
thul collt^H. MoPiov.T.it »ppp«r>ilb»linl3iifi 
(hi* sn?hhi»bon wnt Inking Mcp# lo anniti 
the reclory of AInyfli-ld lo tbn witnlcnuhip 
orOnterbuTT IIiJl, a very nnlunil ormnai^ 
ment if jt waa nctually Iivid by iliuthfn 
•oitaAxia^Grnl.Mag. I.e.) Tlic lacl that ihe 
nuiui- of Ih« Mnylield Wvuliffu la voiut'liiui.'a 
wntlpu Wbilolyvi? or W'ytllyve (f here i» a 
lowuHbip know II a» WbilcliHi" in llip [>firi«h 
of Ripon) will not cnnnt for rnrr intiob wiih 
tLuy one acijiiaiiittHl with thn vimiirioa of 
modiaival ipdlling \ but, an tlie otbcr hand. 



no oiM who knftwf bow waily area at tlia 
piMcat day ridieiatoaa atorioa aboat tlioo- 
Iof[ie«l opwiociita ajv cirrulatol and bcltcTrd 
will find It dificolt lo iindenland ibat ihr 
nionk of St, Albans and ibv FranciKtaa friar 
Woodford alioiild hkve a<«>^ptwl ao weloon« 
a acaadal willioiit elaborate invaatigatiODi 
if) it aliimid baaddi-d titai the nfonner db- 
miiona the wliolc aSair wilbout tb« aaiggr^ 
tioit of a pmoiwl intvpnit in tlw matter 
(tbe fVMge in Dt Jlreietia, cap. xti. p. 371, 
waa poiaicd oot by Sbuut, Ftue. Zix. p. 
5^). Aa in ibis paai^ WycllfTe regatJs 
lali^'a orifinal imprcnination a* a fin (lilw 
all impropmatimna), ht coald hardly haw 
failnl to moke noma apolofiy for hia ow> 
participation in ita beiwfila bad he bean 
wardi-D of the huiuw al tha Umi*. 

Oa ibe whole, ihen, it aKma inotf pco- 
baUe tbst the nftrmer wa# a fvUnw, anj 
mbaequectjy nwater, of.Balliol, njid Hiai 
the warden of CaBtarbory lUII iraa another 
(wrutn, probably identical wiih ibo WycUf 
of Mntton, atiaost colainly nith ihc roctor 
ofMaylield. J -At nil creni* Wyclilfu* early 
life muat ban been paaaed at' Oifcrd ai a 
Ktuilenl and teacher. Brat in aria, ilien in 
theology. The normal time reqnir*Hl froi 
entranco tn tha nnivenily for atinining 
D.IJ. dcfirm vm not leaa than aixlnvn yea. 
Wyctifr«'* work* *bow him to barn b 

Eiwurfullr iniIuencL>d by tbe writinca __ 
ichard KiiiKalpb 'q. y.], archtiiaLop ^i 
Armagh, uace a £ellaw of Italliol Ciule^l 
iHitl. JttSS. Onnrm. 4lb Rep. App. p. 443), 
Thrm i« no teaaoci lo believe ihai Wyelift 
msidcd much at l-IIIinghnni, and h*«a*pe^ 
bably only occniionnlly rviident at Lail(^«»- 
hall, a beiii-licr ni-arpr Oxfonl.in iho preaenla- 
lionof ibe prior oF the boapital of S(. John, for 
whii'h lievxcbaiif^nlFillingham in ISUHfUi- 
evla Rry. iluvkiu^bam, Intililulioaa, t. 419). 
Il muat be reiuMubered that ibe untvetaity 
tvaehan ncei«wd no rtfn>l>r aalary or «•• 
dowmfnt*, and (if not fellowa of college*) 
badiodepoml uponccdedasticnlprefiirtiwtit. 
Iking unabiu to obtain a ptebend upon whiA 
he could liTV, he was «oiD|><.-ltiHl to baMoote a 
mor«orlnanan-rf«dentrvcior. lleobbiwd 
aiwo Tears'linaiM0fnait4««idenc» furttndhr 
at Oxford f^m the Mabop of Lincoln in 1MB 
(i6. Biickinghnm, Mem. V. 7), and may ]in>- 
bably haVR required fuch a liwiK* at otbcv 
timi^ 

Wycliflv'a (int appnraaoe in the nhen 
of MclesiasticHl poiiiiea ia vnully rebnad 
l» the year iiU'S. A coniroTerainl tract 
wnitcn bv him ai-/a time wben Iw could 
diucribi' himwiroa the 'pacnlivil regis clari- 
cui' hnt bwaitippOMHl to ittAirtotha rvfiua) 
by the parliament of 1366 to pay iha tribute 



a ID 
frod^H 

i 



demaiidfd br Urban V in virtuu of Kiiig 
John'* fi^Dilal lioniai^ to Imioot-ut Ul. Tliia 
XneL (printed by LBwie, L^fe iff Wiciif, p. 
AlU), wbich i« BUled ' Delerminnt.io t^ae- 
dam Kta^lri Johanni^ WyelyfTdi" Dnminio 
oonlra uniim moniicliuiii,* in apiuimntly only 
a part of nn nrgntncnt on tko qumtion 
wtn'tlirr ihi) mciiUr powur* may lawfullj" 
dcprivu dL-lioquunt ecclosiaiilioii of thtMr 
tempurolititMi, iu iJm ditcumion of wliioU bis 
oppunent bud iutroduc^ tb» quvstion of iho 
tritiuW. WycliflV docltrM thnt hn will_ 
Ansirarkini by narnit.ing tlin arKiimniit wlilch 
he had beard uiwd by somr^ imilnr lutdn ' in 
a cortain eoundl.' Ifr. IdHn-rtli (/jiy/. Hitf. 
Sre. \dSfi, xi. SIB] arf^M that tliin iroiiiioil 
c«nnul be tht pulinmiMit ot ISCU, becaufe 
the ai)ruuient« uMed atv too tnnch lik* thOM 
embodi^id in Wycliifc'* tretvliw ' Dn Eocl*- 
aia,' whicli bo Antra 137*, and n-proii-nt too 
dni«lnpod an niiti-popal poiiiiion ftir WycliH'i." 
tobnvR odoptrdin l:'86. Ilnnwordingly n?- 
foa the tmel to 137« or 187", and tlif-'par- 
liuDenUiry cpisoilii (u 137*1, wb<?u ibe demand 
ma tMipvL'ed and a debntr took plnco vnrir 
jdurh rvfpiubliii^ (hat dtun'rihed by WyiriiftB 
(Bu/oj/um Hi't->riani>n,0"'lu"'otin, iii.3S7). 
it i* hardly [irnvcd tbnt *mA\ a iii-biitr caiincil 
IWTOlakpnplnroornUcbBrirumcrnlsbiiVcbfen 
UMdby U'ydill'oin l3t!C,undlh<' dt-bulo il4>^lf 
may bcmiicbi.>Brtii'r cbaii ibt-Uiuk: biil<hi.'ri' 
isgmt probabilicv inpuUiuy tbe pari ini nun- 
tkt; episode in 13^4, ajid the Incl nnt lonK 
sh«rwanU. In niihor caw only thf Ecrma of 
Wyrliir''« characinrialic dnctrinn of lordahip 
can bn tra^^od in thia \x*c.l. Upon tha *olu- 
tion givi^n to tUia quuation muaC depend 
the further uueatton whrtber Wyolifle »fa» 
ulrmdy iu loi" Buiployiii-'nt. of the CTOwn, 
and ocL'upyiu); immv ofTicLNl pwiticn In cnn- 
Ii0:tiiin wtlb the (^wlnn 'tf pnrlinmnitl. We 
Cvrlainly look pari in nt. b'lul nnv. lairr pur- 
liam^nt^ probably aa on.- of the doctoni of 
Uirnlo)(y who wi-rr BiimmoH'^d lo piirlianiMil 
in 137a {Rot. I\trl. i>\. :i'). In ibi- -He 
Bccleaia' (rap, tv. p. 3i>l) lie apeaks of 
bavlnc b««n told by the bi^bopof Kouhetinr 
in full pariiannnt that bi> cottrliiaiona vriv 
'^ooadeiaotid at Itomn. Thii pmbablr rcfors 
[Q tha pariiamcnt of l>')7)t, in which \\'y<^lil!<; 
Mrtoinly played a prominitut pari i^Ad&u 
at MrHiMiTTH, Continuation, Bugl. llisl. 
Sot. p. 2»l>, 

It must ivmain doablful wlii»tb?r Wy- 
clilTe'a firal recorded apponrancn as a chnm- 
pion of th« aoculnr powi'r ii|;ain>t papal 
eBCraachiiM'nIa took pliurc in [.Sfittor in I3il. 

In thrlart-montioncd j»ar(lsrJ)Wyfliffc, 
mbo had now taken the detjfw! of doctor of 
thtotugy, wais scot to ltruK<M at au auibat)- 
■odoT lo Irvot with the papa] ilelegat-M at 



Ghent about the uon-oh>erTauco Df tbu sta- 
tul<i of prorisoraatid other puuditig diauutua , 
brtwpon tho En^Iiab govemoieut and thai 
mijininfc pnpp, Oreffiiry XI. Ilia namcl 
•tands tccond in thi- mniniiaainn, nnxt to th»1 
biakop of Itangor (KtitKii, Fadrra, Ibccvdl 
edit. i]i. ii. 1000, 1007). Hia dbawancM waa 
:;0«.aday,bMidea«ipeniN»(VAIKIH*II,itf<mo- 

ynwA. p. ITrj), and be wa* ahtant fram 
'i' July to 14 Sept. (int^ludiiig the TOyagw), 
Adam of Mnriinntb( Bngl. Tliet. Soc p.81G) ^ 
Icllauathatin thiar.onf<«^noelh#popeagreed'l 
tonive-up'rpiiKrvntionVand thnking to^T» 
lip conferrioe beni^Snt's by writ of quart im' 
prdif. But the only actunl n-ault ofthn Eon- 
ferpnOF waa a batch uf bulla (HvUEB, I.e. pp. 
liKJT-D) which mlttl4!d entirely Co diapuroi 
about fMervation* alr««d)r madt' by hia pn.- 
docaaaor. Urban V. Thore waa to be a |;;eue- 
rnl CRiaaiion of bnati1itiiM,axiatiiigoociipaiita' 
of bonulici!! boinji fiuarantead paacrabln piu-> 
•efiaion of their beneficei nifninat 'providi"!' 
intrudera, while the only alipulalioa for tlin 
future waa that liti)^ata ahould not bo 
obliged to appear peraooally in the Itumnn 
conrt for thr«« yiHtra or till tbi* ealabliah- , 
nient of pcnc with h'ranoe, while the En|j 
liali biabops Wire siven pownni to oompe 
the repair of ciiuri^lieK beld by abMRlee caP-^ 
ilitiuta. On the other hiind, tho kin^ cnn> 
amied tu obtain fn>m parliament the rRpi>al._ 
of the alatiil.e of proviaura. Tbetourl, unlike' 
ihn parlinroent, waa not really in eameil 
about tbn matl«r, tindioff it. raaiir to |^l ila 
own ahare of thci pntronngn and plunder oA 
the Knffliab ohiireh by nnjiYit.iationa with tliai 
curia than by the i^ompliadcn if chnptpra^ 
and tho forced coiueDl of the clergy. Thera-* 
ia a oortaiu irony iu the fact iJiot the main 
dirijct outcome of the alTuir waa the trnnatn- 
lina of John Gilbert, biahup of Banffor. \»i 

\\Yio ann of Hereford bv papal provision. 

I WycliSi.' niao appnara to have had conlimied 

, by the crown tbRprvbnndof Aunt in thecd- 
Irfjiate cburch of Wetilburj, to which ho hni* 
already been 'prorided' bv the pope (but 
Shirley's reference to Hot. Pal. IH Edw. Ill, 
pi. ii. ni. 8, cannot be leriBed). Them ia no 
l.racninlha WorCMtcr regiaieraof liiiinatilu- 
tion, and it appoat* to have been conferred on 
anotJi«rahartly altnrwnrda (i!/. 40 Edw. III. 
pt. ii. m. II). It ia pmbabln thai Wyclilfe 
objected lo jiluialitiea, while the prebend by 
itaelf waa iiiaulKciefit for hia aupport. Or. 
I.OM-rth has called alteulion (introduction to 
Op. Etany.y. xxii)to(Uefttctthat (JreaporyXI 
providdd W'jeliffn with a probend in Linenlitl 
j^tlicdral, butit would appear that on biire- 
fu!iiu^ordelayinjtlapaythallnit-fruit«(factn 
iKiUicitudiiiu ad(oltiK<wdumaibiprimoafru«-i 
t ua kIt. librnnuu) the pope conferred it upon i 



Wycliffe 



ie6 



TOttBgfima^i^r. Tbis appmrs fnim a pMMge 
tn tlu) aapnnicd iliir^ book of ■ Dp CivJti Du- 
miiiio.' la January 13*. ■i\Vvclifr>.',«iioIwn<if 
asacuiOD (not yet n pr<''t>i.'nJnry)<if I.incoln, 
U ticeiMiw) bv ihr pnjic to ki-cp tbi- Wi-j.tburj' 
jjmbLtid rvcn aCtnr he ihould bm-c ubtaincd 

EiMMiiin«fapreb(ni(lat Lincoln( Cat. I^pal 
tler»,rd- UluuaudTwpuJon, ir. 11*3, a ir- 
Aininoci Itiudl)' cuunnuiLiculcd bvfur^ jiiibtjcti- 
tion hj Mr.Twemlow). Tiie imnie ilociinieiti 

flUppluMftdale liitli«iln miicb iranli'il in Wv- 
clillVs carfor. nbowiiiK tiint bo iind only jii* t 
beecmie a doctor of tlicolofc}-. lie muarliBVi^ 
Ukma that dagmi in 137l>. 

Sncoi afterwards 1m rmigut-d Out living vf 
Ludiciarshnll upuii rvouKinj; thai uf Liittet^ 
wurlh in LL-iut<4ti?nIiin> on tlio pr«iBi>iitHti<>u 
of (Ilb crowu during' n minorily (fl«/. Pal. 
4SYATV. m.pt. i. m. '.'a). 
. At lh« llri 1^1-1 ponfrri-nco (1371) Wjeliffr 
wrw hroiijtbt iiilo jifTspiml ronlnct— jiOMiblj- 
.not for ttiP linl litni- — with t.bo Duke of 
/LancMtuf. Ttii- IJiford dyi'lor'» iibjiwlioui 
to the •M.'ulftrirj' uf lLt> o]uriJ;y and lus •!Xd1- 
Uitioa of thit rigliie of peculiar lords exactly 
Bdilud ihi? porsnnn! nnd r«Ifi»b dp»igiM of ihe 
diikv upon ilf pnliiinil intlunni^r of cbiircli- 
iiKtn nnd tho wnnlth of ibp cburdi. A yimr 
latter (I37il) tlui Uotid jinrliumL-iit ronewttl 
tbo ittlack on llip Oct- ItjuJ upon pnpiil tl— 
wirrutiuni, iimviiiouH, and eiactiun>i: i.>u tbi- 
oibcT, Opoii AlicdPi'm'r«[q.T,1 and tbe tools 
of Lancustrinn uiis^vnrniuflnt. On llie Hitt- 
solution of TijnI. pnTlinmciit, bowrviT, ihn I 
dii3le rt^iiined nil bin fottDBr inQiicni^o [iir-r- 
«it. WvKKiux. WiLUAK of], and in 1377 i 
ho tvns uIjIr Io (ftt togctlu^r a parliaiuMil. in I 
wbirh onlr about a joiL-n m-^mbtrra of the | 
tiood p!ir1inm(!nl wpivrii-iiirni^d: hptuccecded I 
is jirjciirirn; (h*i ivvpniftl of il8 oct4 Htriinai 
Alii.''! IVrrvrv, Ixird Lntinior, nnd Iticbnrd 
Lyons; whili>\\'jkfbiimwrwfcKW'd(rtijiiiiiidl 
to thp httmilintion of burini; Ibv iniirtvumion 
nf the king* mi»tni»forhiBri.'slonilion. Ht- 
luilrs tbeur ovi-rt acta, (b>! Laucaalriau purly : 
wa* vaguely 6u«|H>ot«d of mon fiir-ruiii-liitig 
daigiu airc'inst tiie ii'<>a]ib nnd i>owi>r of tliv 
clngy. WLsl part WyciilV-'took in oil tlifse 
mroCMding* w« cnnnot tay in di^Inil, but tb-- 
St,AlbBTi*p!imnii!lerrfports that bv had no w 
. 'formnny vi'urB'bcunenitOBr'diuli.'ftcliingliiB 
I opinions about I l»'rt^lulL<)uslH>tw«t-Ti tbelirm- 
' poralnndlbi^!ipiriliiiiI{ii)iii«r('barkiu^HffiiiiiHt 
tbe ohureli " ), nnd in pn-ncliing agnin't tlii-m " 
both in thi; city of I.om!>>n, probnblv iit 
F^nl '■ CroM, nnd «lH.'"ii hi'ft;, ■ runninjt aVmt 
from church to phiin;li'i('Ai-'/n.,-lii^/, pp. 115 ■ 
117). Thi! rhroiiidiT adds thul bis opinion* 
wore niucli uiipluudrtl by tlm Dutto uf Lan' 
uutvr nud Ilcun-, lonl Purry. The first 
jirosecuiion of W yclifle for hiresy vn the 




Wycliflfe 



iv|>ly of the Mntiliih hienrcby to tli» !.*□- 
CHBirion attack iipuu Wykcbani, and to ibr 
&ctualuTthn>Bt<m«dBnt4-eoolcnA«t>e«l policy 
of ihv duke, 

Thi^ an-hbi^bop of Canlt'itiuty, Simoo Sod- 
burv [q. f.J, was not at ail wgvr to meddlt 
nritn WTrJiffc ; for an attack on WycUB- 
mcint on ottai^k upon ibr Duho of l,anca^ 
Ivr. At hut, however, be vat eoadml inlii 
aniviiT br the biiihop«„ aod WyclUIe mc 
«uiutnou<>d to appmr tietoM the arc]ibiiJia|i 
luid bit fuSng»Ma. n« appearod om 19 FVk 
in St. PaiiV* Cathodnl, Mcorted W Lord 
I'l^rry, nnrl mnrshol of ICngland, nnd other 
powerful •uppont-ni. Thn crowd in lh» 
church noa *o gnat thai the accu*od and 
bia frinidii found it dilliciiti to make ibor 
way to the Lady-ehapul, when- ibo court 
«** Mttiii|{. Tb(- Mtrlinurtbal.a^voinlisiitBl, 
of rouree, bv a muMroiu reliuuet mad* a 

1>aua|[<> for lim hr forc*^ Th^ bbhop of 
^odoD, Williatn Coiirti-tuy '<i.r.\prol«>t*d 
oKuiniil ibiA auumption nf aiilbonty vrithin 
the waits of his cathedral, and docbircd that 
Iiad bt- but kuoirn iho nrl was ttoinic to act 
like that hi* wuuld liave bad hiiu esotuded 
from lhe< cbiirch. The earl * f (omied ' aad 
di-dnrnd thai ho would b* tnMler tlienv 
whi-lhur tlic billion vill«d or no. \Mial 
followed may be lold in the old and ratbrr 
looH' triuislaiion of the 'Clironicon Aii{[lije* 
{ArrAautoffia, xxii. i!68): ' ^'bt-n tbor wrro 
come into our Lady«'s Chapel, the tlulte and 
bnronB, with the archlmhonp and bithoppe, 
n'ttingi^ dowiie, ibn forvaayd^Jobn alto wa« 
^■^nt in by Syr llenrvi' I'crcvc to ajtt domi, 
for Iwcauii-, riuyvd fir, bo taytlic niucb 
aiisH'eurc he haiih neode of a bettor ■« 
Uii llie olhi^r aydu, the byshopp uf Lan< 
d»nifid the ta/rne, all^rmyngo yt to 
njffiynit rviuinn that bv Uiold^ eytl tbei 
and iilso rontrnry Io tbn law for hiin to irt 
whoe tberr wns citiil (o atuwcrc Iwfocc 1; 
ordiniirve : nnd tiir(for[raWi'r ' but fbr*J tlw 
tyuieof bys auswearyn^e, or aa ]on}(e a3 any 
ihyiigt< sbolde bu deposed aryaare hyn. 
hy* caiii^ 8hold« tw handlw, be ovgbi 
stnndi'. IIcriiupoQVetycOBtanwIypua' 
did n-w; hi:twi>nn Syr Ilvnrjn Pnei 
till! bishupp. and tbrnrhnole tnallitude bpgan 
to be Iruubled. And Ibun tbo duke hegan 
I" reprebeude the biahoppiand the bubopp 
Io lunie theu on the dailca a|^yii«. Tn» 
diihi' waa a«bftnied tbat ho colde not in tlua 
ftryfa preraile, and tlura boffan with frt^ 
wnnlc tbrenlntipi^ to dntlo with the 
bisbomi, nwcar^ njf that bu wolde pull dowM 
both theptyde'jl' bymandofall th»'b?<ti,;-,tK 
i u E ii^d u nde, and added, " Tbw t ra.> 1 
lie) in tby parenia, whoo can pr> . ' 
nothyti^,'for Ih^j shall have oaoagti to dm 




lo dpfaid IhumiiiliM" (tor hji parents, ibat 
j> to Bar livii lalhar and hn niuthi^r, wer« of 
BobylitTe. the Barle asd the Conotw of 
Di^vungluivl. Tbe bighopp on tha otlur 
qt(I« uveil, " In dr&ndvng» th« tmetli I 
UVM not in mv pstnntii, nar in tbo Ijto of 
•nv mnn \ml/ier 'in thw nor in nnr ■uan'j, 
but in (iod, in wbum I uuf'lit lo truit [nitifr 
* my Uod wfau kim whu tri»u iu him . . .' 
Hitfiaii/ied]. Tlieii tliv diibi* trhyaperyn^ 
in bi•l^aM uved be had ml her drnivlivm 
fnrtli of thecanrchs bylho hoan>lhan miller 
such CliynKW- Tlic l-Dndannn iiUBiynftu 
ttWM wonU aniiitrtvR with a lowd vojriw 
Climl out, nweiirjiijp lliey woldit nol eull*r 
then BUhovp to be injun-s). hdJ ilial they 
wold •on«ru>iMOibeivrvf^i)ieutli^t«bi«bopp 
•bolde be difboncTcd in ihs churclio, or 
pulled nnt with fiich tyolpncc.' 

Tbediiki)'* unpopulnrit)- ■mnod the ciEt* 
s*n» (wbo bnd to pny mate t'ur thuir vini^ 
m coniH*|iien«) of Lyons'a moooiiol.vl bnd 
bcm initteiwwl by bin ihrent tu sboliaL (In- 
DMjonliy knd placid Londun iin'ler ilio 
govvrumenl of • ' uptain,' nnminat^il by tli' 
iwtra. Th« citiMniH wvro kUo indignnni nt 
& iwmftnr tbst Iha tDnnhal ir*i ki^rpinK n 
priMnorin hi* hauao within tlic cilyjuri»- 
dictimi, and tbc fm^- uf the oitisena inched 
n climni n'htn it vnw rvported thai lli*ir 
ntBTOT had bata UTMtml^of course, by order 
of ih« duke. The court broke iip in ctm- 
fusion, no sentence w«a piUMd, anid no oIK- 
cmX it^otii of ila proci^aing* tiM boon ptn- 
Mmd. Th<^ nrxt d«y iho ciliiitiu met in 
thoir guildhall to takn ouhbi^I ns to botr 
tbttj wvrv lo di'fuud lliL-ir tlmalvned jiriri- 
leget. The slIiiEr eiidvl in a riotous RlUrk, 
Sal upon the marshsl'* bouse, wh«re the 

SriMiMT WM relfiawd, and then ii|>on tho 
like'* palitcn in tbo Stror. vhiebwit* plun- 
d«r4d by the mnb, the duka hiinsrit' i>M:uplD)t 
br rirer lo Ki.-nn!it)fton. The diaturbince 
wiu with dilEuultj quulh^ by the exertiouH 
of tli<> bishop. 

IniimidalM by; tbe result of tbt^ir firm 
aswult on tbe Anii-chrtical doctor, WyclilTu's 
enetnie*— lunong wbom tlie monk* wcrr prO' 
bahly- tbo moit active— dctcrminixt to ndopt 
n diSVreiit nMribud of prticitliin.'. Sburtly 
iKfuru ChriilmBH & balcli of hulls urrivoil 
from iloiaa dii«ct«d' against Wyclilfo nad 
bU teacking. X bnll addrawd lo thecban- 
orilor atid nnirmiily of Oiford n<«iiitM 
WyciilF* of iitchinft tho condoionwi tla*:- 
trincn of Maniliui of I'odiu and John of 
Jandun, and ord^n the untrpniiy to urnst 
tbo beruBinTvh and band himov«rto ibeamh- 
biahop of Canterbury and the bialiop of Lon- 
don. OthiT bull* (lirocl thoH pmldte* to 
cite Wyclil!^ lo appear before Grmgory XI 



in peTKiR wilhin tfcree montb»i irhile JW 
onothvr, i»ued on th* tame day, authoriaxd 
tham to condncthtanuniinationthfmMltM, 
and lo transmit hix confrsMon to iho papal 
court. Thole incomirttnt dirrclioni wen 
nppan-atly iutt^odcd lo alluw llii- BD{;lirii 
pivlattw to UM whicbenr mode of proo^ 
dtir« circiira«laacM nain^fat r«od«r expMi«ati 
Tbn king was ftl*n nr^d to sup]ion Ibe pro- 
i!C«dings agninat WyclilTr, nnd a srhedaleof 
the errors attribiitL-d to him irnn annnxrd 
(Wran. ,4W. .\pp. p. 396; buIU in (.Siwu. 
Aufft. pp. h 1 HI- ; I.nwiH, pp. 305 hi- ; Wll> 
EI-1S. 111. llUsq.) 

Tlit< OilFiculty thai was eiperleucul in 
eseciiiiiiglii<M»'bulls testiflMio thoimm^ius 
inSiicno' and iinpoltanc« vhich Wycliflit 
had by ihia timn wnuinid — an inSiuncir, it 
will OK ob,<prviKl. which wiu qiiilo indepon- 
d*tit of \\'yclil!l>'« connoctinn with Uis Iah" 
cantriau (action, aiiici^ the chroniclaa teuli^ 
to his e«|>e('ial popularity amouj tbe anti- 
Lancastrian citiirns of I^ndou. The hulls 
were imni'd at Itomn on 22 May. Thejr 
inu>) Itnri^ arririid in KiialiLTid bpfor* Augtist, 
jrt Wyclitrn wat forronlly ronsulttid by the 
new kinB'B ndvisuri and tin- purlinniipnt wliich 
met in October 1377 oi to whethor thojr 
might lawfiilly take au'iuana to prevent 
iiioii«7 going out of the kingdom to fonrign 
and absfnitfie boldeiv of Bnglish lwai-Bi.iM. 
Ilia rrtj bold pnpnr on thu subject is pT«- 

XTod by W'nldpn (I-'asc. Ziaiii.pp. 2Jir* »q.>, 
also a defeniM! of hi* rii-irs on dominion, 
■wliicli \iv preneitted appantntty to thr mme 
parliiinieut (I'A. u. ■/(.»), Aci'ordinji to that 
writer (it', p. :.'/l) the hinu uud couuoil im- 
posed silence upon WvclitTe on the mtillers 
dixcitfni'd in this IractntP. It wiut only after 
tho dlMoliitiOn of parliamt^t that the bull 
wo* wnt down to Oxford, and lhi>n tbe 
pructor>b«BitBted load upon it (drtnL.-fii^/. 
I p. 173; Fa<,c. Zinin. pp. SOV H. W^diffc'a 
I friends protested in conj^-enliuuaipunMthn 
imprisonment of an EiigliBb lubiect 'at Uio 
ctKamuid of the pope, iMt ibey stioitld wwm 
to nT« the nopn dominion and royal power 
I in Knftland, and the rommiauir or nee- 
I «luLnoeUor, ihoiiKh n monk, ,iii-ni obligf^d to 
' oonleiit biniBt^lf with reuuiring him to eon- 
; Rae bimself to Bla<;k \{a\\. (Eul/^. Itiitor. 
iii.818). Bven ihisijualilli^inipciBuiiuiunl, 
or somn carliAT impnMtiment wliicb hod 
lAkftn place bffom r.hi> iiiterpociilioii of ■.■uo- 
Krripitian. wai suliupguently madi» matter ot 
acciinition Bfpiinal tha i ire-chitnce!lor, wlio 
waa iiu]iriiion«d and dc|irivi-il of hi> otIicB br 
(lu.> king, us alto iros the cliiiQi^f^llDr. liioagb 
he pretended to resign vuluiitnrily (i'6. p. 
lUfll; but ibe condeuiuatitin in bii casa-ww 
oncontiocled with WyclifTe's al^r, and waa 



I 



iliie to his fnilurp to puniab «D outrage od b 
ucmbcT i>f tbu kiDft's hoiuvhuld. At pnaenl 
eren the Uivolotp&a* w«r« ia Vydith't 
ftvotix. Tlie cliuMllor and docton niwiii- 
IBDB^ aflrmed Wydilb'* «oiM;la«ioiii« to txi 
tnw, uthoufA tb«r wm« ilt^oundin^ fop'*- 
•itioiM (' male Moare in auribui ■uditanun,' 
O. pp. M»-9). 

Wben al latt tlii; acciued beteuatcli ap- 
Ma>«d before lb« two )it«1al«a in tbearcn- 
biAofTa iliapel al Lambeth (Febman or 
Uarcb ISfS), ih« PrincM* of WaUa, widow 
of tbn BUdi Prince uidmotber of tbaroung 
kinK (b«loci);iai[, of ftaunw, to the anti-Lan- 
(lutrian party), Rent a mauage to forbid the 
prclatva to interfere wiih him. and th« citj- 
cuiu of London., the billen«t i>DeiiiiM of tlia 
duk«, but, like faiia, aympathetjc bfaren of 
Wydifle'« London tennoiHi, burnt into thn 
cbapdl and int«mipt«d the ptnciindingii. The 
second trial «rai aa abortive as the lint 
(CArvn. Angl. p. 188), The archbiiihap, if 
not lu* auffrngan, wiu prutiablv hBlf-he&rt«d, 
and willing aooujfh to avail hiinBt<lf of a 
obow of Tiolenoe a* an exeuae for inaction. 
(Fnm WALaiNDHiH. i. 33A, it might appenr 
that Uie Brat trial at St. I'aur* win in pur- 
ananea of tha papnl bulln, and' it. in Iruo that 
the iniiinnon* to WycUlle in thu aummcr of 
13T7 is to appmr at St. rnul'*. If Walniiiff- 
haiB be right, wv ihuuld bave to place bolti 
the tiiala in 1S77-8, but the attack on t\ie 
Saii>y in Februarv is eiprMslj uid to havu 
b«vii in Lent, whirh would not hnre been 
the cat* hod it tnki^ci pinion in Knbmary of 
what wv Rhould call tliE year 1378). 

Tha tiuuf^ now mode af[aii»t Wjtdifii! 
(CfiroR. Angl, pp. 181 iq.), with bia aiwweni 
and dsplanatioiu (intended a[jparently for 
tranamiation to lEom^), enable us to trace 
the pKuireu of hi» tboological dvvelopment 
■iaea lS06. Th« oMuaationx ara oataoliiihi^ 
bjthaaaiialcontravvtsialdnncnof BxtractinK 
propoaitioni {ram a writer'ii work* withoat 
tha context, qunlifii'aii'ia, and ezpUnation 
which ara needed to rvptMunt his real mind, 
or exm to make them iutHllif^Ible. Still, 
they ara in moK caya Torbally^io all «uh- 
Blantially — idontiear with poaitionn malii- 
lainad in bia wrilinK*. For biiiorical pnr- 
poaaa it will be tooit imiruRtire to pre tha 
BCtnal ' concltmona ' in all thor bold crudity, 
aafiarmutated bv WydiOiB'aaocusen. wiiban 
ooeaatooal wor^ of explanation. Thr< arti- 
eka wet« «i(fh<a«n in naniber, though eome 
authoritieagiTe only ihirtonn, and we ant told 
that ibey are only a wWlion from the fift? 
aani to Uoma by hin cncmic* (Chron. Atufl. 
p, 806: alao in Wilsixs, iii. ll>3). | 

/'' (1) The whole human race, apart from ' 
Christ, ha* no power of ordaiaiogabaolutely ' 



' inoea- 
wUtBd^ 

lin- 
:ti>e 
jrh. 

i 



that IVter and all hia guoeaaaom i>lutll hare 
political dominion in perpacuity over tha 
world [for all biunan dominioit nuat cc«f« at 
th* lam jadgmant]. 

(i!) (lod cannot gira a nan citil dominimi 
for hinwolf and hb beira iu petpetuiiy 
[becana g , WydilTo RXplaiM, Ood eoiud not. 
ooBMlaitly wiifa bij natur*, Mn indeiB- 
nilely the atiainiopnt of oanplata baatiti 
by his church}. 

(3) Humanly invented charters 
poaaiblyconlTerapfirpt^ual right of rivil in- 
ncritanM fi.e. thay are conditional upon the 
fulfilnient ot certain oonditiooa and maj ba 
forfeilod by miacnndDctJ. 

(4) Anyone beinft in a atato of ^raf>\ c 
aa confers grace liiially, ha« not merwli 
ri^ht but in actual fart all tli« gifta of t 
Jbaaod on Alatt, xit. il add An^iutii 
'JuMorum cunt omBia'j. 

(fi) Uan can only miBialenaUy confer 
eitlier on a natilral aon or a ton by fmilatitni 
[Walaingfaam's ond Wydiffii'a tp»i« hai« 
' iiaitationis '] in tha scliuol of Cbriit eiihn- 
t«iDDaral or cCanul domintoa [1 Cor. ir. 1'. 

(«1 If ther» is a Ood. lempora) lord* can 
letiiliicnlely and menlonoualj tale awiT 
earth Iv gimdii from a delinquent church 
Gi>d can aiilhoriao them to take ihr'm aw 
bolonly, WrcliHc explaina, ' by the auihoL . 
of the churcli in the c«a» and forms d«Sni 
by law 1. 

Whether tha choreh b in such a date or 
not, it it not for me to diecuM, but for tbr 
temporal lord* to eiaminn, nnd in the csk 
cuutemplated t« tokir awnj hrr t4tm|Ktfalil>M 
tmder pain uf eternal damnntion. 
1l (") We know tliat il i» nol pONiibIn tl 
the ricar of Chriat should bahimal* or 
habilitate any oue either merely by hia 
or by them with the will and coiucnt of 
cut!ci(<.> [at (■jirdinals, i.tR a man cannot l4 
■avcd without grace, which moat he cob* 
ferred directly by Ood]. 

(8) It ia not pomtble for a man to be at- 
communicBled, unless be he lint and piind- 
pally excommunicated bv liiiiuelf [WjvUA 
add* that well an unjiiM excomm "'''^^ 
tl to be traBtfld with n»p»ct, but in 
it will turn to the ulvatinD, and not 
dumnatiuii, of the humble eX(H>lniilluuCat«}. 

(0) Nobody n (i.e. ought to bal fXtam 
muuicated or auapended or puiuitaad wiik 
other censurea tar hia deteriotatioA, but i^ 
[should be excommunicated at all] ia s 
cauM nf Hod [i.e. for jost cause]. 

(10} .\nathpmaor cxoaamuiiicatMMdMi 
not bind timply, but only in ao hr as il b 
directed nffaiiut an adversary of the law <d 
ChriKt. 

(11) There is no example of tba pom of 







nc pruici- 

uucat«}.H 
M fdcata* 



Wycliffe 



ao9 



Wycliffe 



«x<xiininiinin>t.ina milniiict* being ftmplovnd 
by Chriii or bin diadpleii, c*jkicui1Ij for tan- 
ponl tDsitcrs, but tlw eontimnr. 

(i'2) Th<! ilisuipliMarClirat liftTenopowcr 
of eooipcJliii^ Ibu p&yiueiit of ((■mjKinlitU!* 
bj ecclesianical cvii«art>» [W_vclia« i]uoi<m 
Loire Kxii. S<'i,:W, anil Ailils Hint ibu pnyui-ut 
inajr be to enfiinvi) 'acent*onlv to ttio piin- 
iakmuit ort.lieinjur]r to Hod liiiniolf J. 

(13) Itutnot pnaiiblc, evi'n bytliRabio- 
Inlc power of God, that if ihu pnpe or ^ny 
OlbpT iiLuul<l prrt«iid ill ntiT wny whnti'vi-r 
to Ixnd orlooM any oiu«^ lie iiy lliut vury fuel. 
iMidt or tooMS BDj one [i.e. no one can be 
dninnoil by &n iinjunt excommunical.Iou. To 
dray thAt on rxcommiinir-iitinn may be iin- 
JMrt, ••« Wveliffu, would invntvo the im- 
pt-ccabifitv o/ the pope cir pri'lule]. 

(U) Il'ouglit to bu be!ievL-(l Ibat lie then 
ObIt loote» or titQil* wbeu he cunfurmi him- 
Mir to th« lav of Chri«t . 

(15) Till* fiiight to be believed, a» pari of 
Ibc ca)bolic fali^, that aay prii.-«t whatever, 
ri()illjanlniaDd,lia*sufriciRnl|iowi<.rlni:onf<-r 
any aactsmenta wbniovi^r, and by cnntc- 
qoeooe to ab«olve the tunirite from any 
un vbfttever [din-Hed iL^^inat ihe Kumnu 
tbeoty of jurisdicliou and ihtt tiystviu of re- 
wrvad ca»»]. 

(16) Kitip may tn1ie awa;r ti-mparalitiK* 
from ei'oltsiaitir-ulp-ninn* habitually abti«lri^ 
tbem rWyclilfL- here cites thn IJitcrptiim of 
Oraliau in suppuri of liii viewn, pt. ii. cnuxc 
xii. 7. c. 31, and i. dist. il. p. iiij! 

(17) Whi'lher it «a» tiruipural !onl» or 
holy iwp"-', or l'ei«r, or tlio Lead of tlie 
charrh, which i« {Thiisi, who endowed the 
cburcli witb the K<>odii of fortiine or of gTnc«, 
and ei cumin unicali-d thoMi who tnkn away 
ila ivmforalitieo, it, is stdl lawful, on ncoaunt 
of tbe implicil oouditiim [under which thoy 
WM«|{innllode»piftil ie of it« tempuralilica 
propartionaJly to il« wratigdoin([. 

(16) Tbr ivc-lraiacticAl rulur, and even the 
Roman ponlil)'. may Wit.imat«ly be corrected 
or ei'eo accused hy tubji-cij anil laymi<n. 

The*e dotlrinesuf \\'ycli!l<iiuny Ixt lookid 
upon from two jxiitils of view. Od the one 
faknd, OR obAtriicI "ut-cutatioiu they nre the 
outcome of ch'']>>it^iVv«ti>pmentuf«uliuIaiiliu 
tby^fat which al lhi« Time had ila moul 
act iTe centre in Oxford; nn lh>} oilier hninl, 
tbey mav be looked upon a* Ihe views of a 

fracticat r^foruicr, iiupirtd by a »tale»nian- 
lii- "iitlo-.li Upon the pri-ieni wmilion of the 
medio: vaI church and ihupulilieulnecusiiiei 
oflbu En^lisbxlntf-. Ftum the apeculutiie 
point of rtuw, we csn traiM in ihvui the iu- 
flncnevofBradwartline'apredestiaarian doc- 
trine of gmce, of whole CMniurie* of contro- 
versy about the aoutc« of tc-mporal power, 

TOL. LSUL 



I and especially of th<^ Ofaibfiliine apologidlcj 
I wboM! loft wine pawn] into ibe hermiiii at 
I Occam, Marailiiu of l^lduR, and John of 
I Jandun, and mo*t directly of the doctrine of 
domiuion (atif;hl by Richard FiuRalph. arch- 
bishop of A ruia^h I in Df Pauytrie Salratt/rit, 
KMlshnd by Dr. I'oole in hu edition of Dt 
minio Dirino), thp prelalii who eondactvd 
both the lilArnry and the diplomatic criiMdcj 
of the English ■■■euknonbebalf of the hiiboH] 
and curateangaiiwt theencToachmentaortM 
lueudicants. From the praciicul i>oiut. of 
view, tlieae propotitious imply that Wyclilfu 
had bocome a d«i«nnined opponent of the 
Htculerity of the mediirval ctiurch; that bo 
was convinced of tha injury dnni^ lo iho ipi- 
ritual influiTUCo of the clergy by tbcirvasl 
wmltli. by ibc abuse of excumtuuiiicnliud for 
political, and indivd purely cumuiercial, pur- 
po«ee, and by tlie Hxemption oi eccl#«iiutical 
perionsand property from lay control. It ia 
this tattler jiolnl that diffpntntiateB him fron 
the ordinary prcachcn. |Hunphlnt<«ni, and ' 
reformiim of i!»e middlL- nRc. All a|{rccd u 

to the Bbu»-n. Wyclilfc wan tile SlW to HHt 
that uo rdWtual ishurch reform would be 

firi«(<ible uuleiM it were uuderlakea by lb« 
ay [lower, and the tinii lo sue^st the enor- 
mous social and political adTaiitages that 
mi^hl bo nbtaincd were thn wnalth of the 
monastic idlm and the su^icriluous pos* 
•ejuions of the Beciilar clergy placed oi Iho 
dispusiil of the ftlate. Il ia true tliul late in 
life he aMUiuee that the canfiwaled landa 
should be (riven to ■ poor gentlemen ' [Sriftt 
Sm/luA tlVis, ed. Arnold, iii. o|(i,17); 
yet i^ren so, they would be held subject to 
military snrTici! and uthor feudal incideDltb] 
But il i» clear tliat the relief of tbn poor' 
from ever-itruwin); taialiou waa one of the 
forem'wl of AX'yi'lifl"'- practical alms. (>u- 
j the purely Ilir-ilir^m:' or spoculntive side 
I (bere was llltii' lu lu.- pnu«nt 'conclusions' 
' which could no! boast very trspnctnble eccl*-| 

siastical authority. l^ieu tlui pope call* 
I tbemoiity ■■ ;:■■:-," n-! Iieresiea. thoitj{h onco 
they are till't'''!! '■' ' -u'ourof ' heresy. Ouly 
on theaingle point of lberi)^htof ihu eecular 
power lo inlerfeiv in llie purely spiritual 
tvt;ioa could Wjctifie's 'conclusions,' when i 
fairly inlerprfilnd. In- identifipil with anything * 
that, luid iM-en condemned by tlie diurch. 
What made these 'coiiclusiona' a now thing 
ill the mediarvat world was thai here for tho 
Bnl time a bold and acCTL'diled academic 
tbinher ytai prepaivd to call upon the statu 
to reform an unwilling cleivy. 
■^Wyclilfe's trial at I>ambeth apparently 
pasu?d off without any formal judgment ati 
Bculi'nrn. UewasmoreorlcMfomiallycom-l 
manded or miuested by the bishop* not to 

p 



Wydiffc 



3IO 



Wycliffe 




teurli thee<^ iloctrinM in tli4 Kbaola or tbe 
puljitl, 'oil M'CDitnl of th« (Condal [i.e. 

ruMt th«i ck-rKyj which tli«i- excited kmang 
Uil?' {Ciroa. Attgl. ]>. IfiO; EtOof. 
lliitiii.'AXS). To thcsi; precept* he p«i<i, »o 
fur OH wc cnn jud^f, not tho ifiglitMi alten- 
tiuD, 

During thp autumu pnrlUioont of 1378 
John of Gauut hail incurre'l fr™)i iinpopn- 
laritv luaong tli? cli^r^. iinil pmbublj ihr 
p«>pln III Inr^p, by n pocullnrlv hiBh-UniidiJ 
violiilion, nol nii-rely of (lif vifilit of buuc- 
tuiin ultnoJliilR to the prpcinclB of \\'wt- 
(nittitcT Ablwy. but uf ilir Muctity of tbe 

ctiarcll ilirlf. Twtj £[i);li8)i »i)iiim, Roberl 
IIbIh uud Juliii Sehuhy], ihniitch rmjttirsd 
t« do %tf both tiy 'ha mnrtbal's iMiiirl and 
by pdrlinoipnl, hnd mfuM-d lo jurrendcr n 
Mpnninh hoitn(ci' ( wlioii; ctut odv I hvy t-Ui lut-d 
u a rijtht liy (hu lhi.-nucccplPilliivf»of -war) 
to Ibu Uukeof Ijancnqlvr. nhotv inlerlWeiiCB 
yna bftai^I a\vm his claiui to l!i« croini of 
CMtilr. Thr?y were ituprieoDixI in ihu Tmrcr, 
liiit iitariHt;i^il In pacApi) (o Wiwt.niiiintitr. 
Kchnkrl wiw mc-aptiircd bj a ru»n, but llalc 
was laiirili'red in cold hlood by tli«' ilukv'ii 
unitMiiM, Di WDii aUu iKr scmnt uf the 
chureli who hnd nllt-nipli-d 10 prwveiil the 
arrwii. Tht- muit'^r was diseiuseii in the 

Sirliuinenl whii-h wiM fiuiniBonud to mMt at 
loucMt^r io Oe(ob?r 1378, when Wyclifii) 
emplojM] hiA pen. and apnaivnllj liii voice 
{Oinliniuiliiin »/A:i*« oi'MrKlHUTH.Knal- 
lli«. Soc. p. 3S1; IM. I'm!. Lii. 'Si), in Jp- 
fnndiiig thu ouinminiu«prowi-'dinf[(inatniCt 
nftcTwiLrd.i cmbtijiifd or viiiaiided in Ih^ 
' Du Eoclyerii,' tap, vili. sq.) Ii w«8 lb(- niw- 
fortunt- of his |K)!'ili"ii ihnl hi> hiul to nttnck 
abiiw« at n Iiin<> w!ien their nbolilion nnn 
htlt loo likciy to hi- followed hy worte 
•bux-*. and to liafpiid Ibe riRhtii of ihi- Jtate 
at a timL- wbt-n its rif;hiA wt-ri' likely to 
be sawrlt'd iu prgclicii for the wilisfucliou 
of a clique of lar nobles, grvedier, riii>re 

* unacrtipuloii*. and ■non' incompetent Ibati 
tbe rMpeclahie ecclivinsticnl irnlnsini'ii whi> 
fiwled so conniienoiiily lo ti-nliM: WyditK-'n 
«*«n^licnl ideal of ■ Chrinlinn miniitry. 

* Therr an-, howcrvur, two itides to the pr«ent 
<|nciitioR. Them was b real legal doubt as 
to whether ihe uririleoe of sancluarv ex- 
tended Ui ptea« cr civil debt, and \S'yvlitre'a 
eM0 was thai the ni«n were killeil owing 
b> llieir tiolenl rt«i*tnnCD to a Xt-aaX nrretil. 
Hie lannwgo uivd by tlio lords in rrply lo 
tlli> pntitfon of the bithops and clcr^ty is ob- 
viouiJy innpin-d by WycUHe. nnd is rcnlly a 
«umtnaTT of ihe (nictate laid before them 
by Wjelilfe in pursuance of the rojal rom' 
nwndn. They as^ried : ' Que DJeox, sulvei 
M pet&otMR,' Be le Papo, aaU-e u tainlitee, 



I graBt«r til^l 



ne nul Roi on Pnaoe, piirmii grantor i 
privil«ge ' (ifcf. Pari, iii. p. 37 ). 

A fow montba nf^cr ^VydiSc'a appeanneo 
M Ijunbiiih occunyd th^ c^^at icbiani la 
the wealoRi church. Thi; cardinals of thg 
Frenck party, declnrins thai the eleclMfl of 
UriMu VI WM doe to^e nolenoa of the 
Roman mo4i, Rvouiiocd Iheir kllagMHC* 1« 
him and elected « MMrtte p^rp^ w^B ••■ 
»nmed ih* title of Ctement Vu and cMa- 
biishod a riTol curia at Avignon, wbuni llM 
predecciMin of UreKoty XI lud alnady 
tcjoumed for nearly seventy yean. Socliaa 
event cuuld not but exercite'aii itumeBW«fr«ct 
oil minds aln-ady indij^Aiit at the abuw* of 
the papacy, and iiiiuliul bv th« didiculty nt 
rvoncilin^ <ts clnimN wilh thn New Teste- 
mint, witli the Rarlier history of the rhurci, 
nnd with the Drmviiu; wnsv of luiional iO' 
dependence. When ftctadeuionBt rated with 
daily increasing clcamesa that there nujth^ 
be two ]K>p4fi without either aide txiD^tiublT 
the wone for its apoHuv, men ewild twi 
hulp asking themMlvee wWbrr catboticilj 
nec«*Mnly involv-od adherence to cilber. 
Nndoubt.ns hnsbecR pojnteilout bySkitlefi 
the fact that tlie pnpncy with wbiclt Kv* 
liabraou hod to r«ki>n u-ob no InniceraB aUy 
of France tended to diminish (lie puivly 
political anlaKOniatn lo its clainis and its 
uupoptilarity with iho siimis of tlte clatftji 
but such was not thn niTiyi of the •ehina 
upon minds like Wyrlifle's. It wna fiiMB 
this time that WycliUe's miod benn la 
move out of the rtoovu already marlied ooi 
by the |H)lilic(>-e«.'lu»iastie«I debate* of iImi 
fotirlvenlh-ceulury echools. and fo ^OMtiaBl 
nut inertOy the accidental abw_ltf ikBI 
exi^tin;.' clinrch sy»tem, Kaf lU nnderiyiigl 
principlf^ and the theological doctrinee OM 
which t.liny wftre bpsed. AU ftlo4ig Wyofiff* 
hnd liPi-ii it pin-ncber aa well aa « arilftlmJc 
diviner, sonirtliiiiR of a pastor as well sa a 
pulilician nnd eonttoveniaii*t. Fmra this 
lime, largely owia^ to tbcfailiirv of hiapoir 
licul houM.'his activity Ucobm nlmoaij'' 
lirel^ religious. 

At nbonl tilt* pcrind, ihoufifa we can I 
■ijin no pteciM dale, be bejrnn. it woid^ 
MiAtn, a nyatomattc elfort to tigBt MunM it* 
popular jji^uomnce of the eaaentMls of xHal 
nnd cranKelieol iKlit;>on. This ^fCatt aaiiiwl 
two forms— the inslitutioa of hia *pNr 
pTMchers ' and the transUlioB of tbe Biltk 
The former oertainir h^ong* to tbe ciMiaii 
W^reliffe's lifr whirJi fo'.lowed his fir* 0* 
lision withcccl"iiisilcolBalhi.>rity: iheollur 
may hnro buRun now. hul is generally •«»- 
ciated with the last three TMra of bis life 

To esMft him in praa^ne Ihe siaipirr 
goajiel which he desired ti> ^fl^ise ' 



>ra this 
Mapol^i 

il 




Wydiffe 



~tb* people, fciB DOW >g«iLot«<l aiuund liini 
ounj disciplw in bis pravilj, liring Ingnlhiir 
in (nfofd [woblblv loftdini; ■ cmnmnii llf» 
in KiBie leaaRDiic. biU^ elul in long rii»ct 
gowot i>f iMW pntttm, going on foot, rrnlUa- 
tinj; bis eirnn vaaag tlio pcoplu and pub- 
liolj- [lrvH(^bi[l^ tb«iD iu netmuiw ' (Ctrvit. 
Ansl. y. 3Wi: cf. Ksiohtok, Chrrm. u. IHl- 
lM,wtinr« thn (foims ar» ilMcrtbed m \»\a^ 
of iimlyci wor.1). Hv Ihew mnn iho new 
doelrincji n-bicb Wycfiffit wa* developing in 
tba Oxfanl u-hnuU ind ambodTing in bin 
elnboniu MhoUitio wOriu wcrn dilluuKl 
•awng ridi and poor ttiraugbool tbe Und- 
AJthousfa t&eie ' yoot priMlH ' nru not lo be 
thouglit itf M ignoranl uvan^Uslc (Itii^y 
wvivmottof then uniremit; men, who hail 

' li«Uned to Wyclifle'e Inctiiren), mitDy of 
tliaai no doubt exftfturuliol bu nnlAfinni>in 
lo xhv QiiitinK clmrcli orlht, nnd prencUed 
tbe u«w ti-neU in a cruder and connuT pnn 
tfUkB wu given to tbem b^- ibv mmtcrbim- 

' Mdf i and unong the laity who hud imbibed 
bii« t«*cbing occuionttl eels of fituaticisin 
Dceuircd which tonded etill Airt.her to eiciie 
nlom nnd hoitililf nmong the binhnp" nnd 
tJie man of \\k fk-rgy. WTclifTe bad tBU^ht.i 
tJint* tithw might bu withhrJd from badJ 
ptiesto by legal Butborttvur byllif i.-nmhinudf' 
notion of l\w wliole [Hirish (Nflftt I'lii/lieJi 
Work; iii. \~ft, 177); Im dixvipl^, WitlJuin 
SwinilOTby, tcnnt ebout urging iodiridiiule 
to rafnH^ mch diirx nn tbfiir own Te*i>ont>i- 
biliCjr to nn immoriil c:urntn (Chroa. Arufl. 
p. 3(0), wbili' n lilllit latiTt n knight, near 
Snliiibury tojik howc ihi* jboMcraifd wrUi-r 
nnd ccnuuDMd it at au oAiuir mtidl (iA. p. 
2(«2). _ ^ ' 

% Whftlbnr or not W^lliTe actually began 

' tlw work of irnnilntioh nt this nerinil of hi> 
life, hii whole (cocking put thf< ttiblf in 
quitv a dil!t-nnt fiwituin from thnt whic^h 
wan usigned to it by common mwliiEV^I 
traction. All lii» worku cinii the authority 
of tbo Bible, wlmther aa oumpared with tbut 
of later (hlhim nod doctors, or a* cuinpun>d 
with tbat of the ront»mpnmn' pr^^tacy and 
priealboodj and he in>.iiit* miich on tlie n«- 
osMtty of tta being acccuible to nil lliri*- 
tinBB. WyelifTe bud begun the gmat pro* 
Watant appeal lo St-ri gjlurv iimin«t the abiwcs 
of the ni«diK'THl chuivb. Th« demund for 
a cloeer neqiuiiniAnce with ils ti-xt on the 
part of Ibc laity wiw thr> natural wiqiiel. 

I^arta of tbn Hibin hail alreaily lipen done 
into Anglo-Saxon and into ICnslith, nqi.'- 
eially Ifae k'V'uI treanurv-hi^uiiR of m<'diccval 
devotion, tliuPMlniii:nndtht?n'h')l(>itible had 
beee tranalated into thi^ court Crunch din-, 
lect, which had now Moacd to be the lirintc 
lai^Bgaofth«higheHclaswa. Wycliffeand 



W'ycliffe 



/ 



bin iuvociat«i for the tir>t tiiiM raooetml 
and exn<!Uti>d the gront taak of imislatii^ 
th» wbolii Itibti! into the vulgar tongne. 
Wydiliu himielf tmniJatAd thcGo«p«lii,nnd 
iirubnlilr tb? whole New 'HwtaBUDt. Ui* 
diaciple', Xicliolni lU-refurd [aiM XlCHOUa, 
ft. 1390J, began uu Xhn DM TtfUaax-ui. whiuh 
he completed to Bariich iii. 'if), lie nMi 
of tbo AnocrTpha (axcept 1 Etdru) was 
complntod byanothar.DOuibly, anKDRiehnve 
thought, br Wycliflb nimi elf. Aflerwnrda 
tlie wliole wnamvitodbj John Purvey [ij-v.^, 
hia friuid and parochial chaplain, or, na ura 
shoAM My, bia 'curate' at i.utt«rwurth. 
The work waa completed b^ about 1388,. 
rnrtninly before 14O0. It id this edition 
which ia for tbo most part nxhibitod in mont 
of the 170 cjtanl mnuuicript!" of WyclilFi^'i 
Uiblv, nearly nil of which wero produced bc- 
twcwn llUUand IIAO. BoihtranolalioiuwcrH 
ofcoiirsu made from t hu ^'ulgat*. Their con- 
ii'«li->a with Wjcli0t>,8t lt«»t aa the moving 
i^iric if not as the actual author of the 
«iarli«r version, rrata on tha Iniitimnny of 
Hum (wbo duclarci that tbo ICnglith rom- 
monly oacribud the traiulution of the whole 
Bible to bim. 0pp. loW, vol. i. p. cviii ft), of 
Kuigbtou(C%rOTi. ii. lo2).aQiiul Archhiahup 
Arundel (WlLSIXt, Omrilia, iii. S&Oi mw 
alxo preface to Fnr^hall and Maddeii'A mag- 
niflcenl edition, London, 1850, p. vifi.'l Tlio 
douhtji of Uoni liiuuiuct (haUin itrrirw, 
July 18IM) an.' ijuito gratuitoun, and Am 
dDtinfaclority disponed or by Mr. K. D. Mat- 
thuw (En^(. Hut. Sev. 18tf5, x. 81 n^.) As 
to the date at which Hut translation waa 
executvi!, we can only any ibat the .silence 
of Wycll!l<i» accuaern in 1371, and even in 
l,tSl,mah«s it improbable that, anvpnrl hnd 
bnguf to biiwididydiiruiiBd befom tbR latter 

date, , — -- - 

The j*nr 1381 conxlitUteB the second 
gtwil onaU in the lif« of -Wycliffe, la that 
yeikr ocoumd th« gtv»X nnd myhliTtuus 
tisingof ihepeasniila in Ewiev, Kent, Suffolk. 
and e]»ewber*, and (be miirdor of Archbishop 
Sudbury. The wny for thi* movnni«nt waa 
in j>lnce« appanntly prcjinri'd hj rngiin 
aocinliatic. or communistic tonchiiifc more or 
Ifija nkin to \Vycltfl'e'» lenetn about lordahip 
and grnce. By thi? monli of -St. Albani ip. 
S2l ) John Ball is duscribud aa a teacher of 
WyoliDi^'a ' perverse dogmas,' and Waldeii 
(Fniic. Xii.p. 37S) declares that the «auie 
lead<>r after condamaatinn profeMeil that for 
two year* he had bcnn a diiciplo of W'yclilTc. 
On the Otbec hood ibe fornn'r uuihority nlao 
mentionji that ho had prrnclwd bis rcvolu- 
tioilary crewl ' fur twenty vean and mure' 
( CArvn. Angl. p. 3^), whlcb ahuws that ih«| 
dm impuUe at all events cannot have conw 

Si 



I-*- 



frum itie ac&d«iuic reformer; •nd Ball hrnl 
boen excommunicato^ in l>%n. In nil pm- 
btbilily there va* very littlo hi*torii^al con- 
iMction Imtweon the two mavwni'nt*. except 
in ao Gir na butk niirang out of idvaH wliii-h 
««r« ia itii' uir, nni] in U br U it in tuipov- 
•ible fur aoj' unt^ lo Mt nuen thinltitiff ftboiit 
ultima l« ijiit^^tiona without con tri tin ling 
eomHtliiag lo <li>i aocinl and intpllerliinl for- 
ment ont of wliich (iirh mnvi'mpnls nra 
born. V.trn thosi? who trnPi^ llic oiitbryuk 
to \V'Tc!iirc^'i hnrr^m Ihoiittlit of it rntht^r sj 
n judicial viiitation for thujr ioipiiitv tliiio «.» 
tEa notunil foiiBrtjueiice of Wj*c!ifli-'a leneh- 
ing {Chran. Aiiiit. p, 311). It i« worth 
in-.-iiliiJiiiiig Ihiil IhiTit vfTT- otlicmvhoattri- 
bul<xl tlip orijtin of the movmincut to the 
mendicnnln I Fane. Ziz. p. 383 [ Chnm. Angl. 

5. S\'l). It i» ollotns! too, on iomewlml 
ollbtful iiutliority. tliBl Jin'k Stmwe oon- 
ffllHi'tl To uii infviiliun of imirrli-rLOif nil \\\v 
clergy cxi'iipt llie beggioK friar* — cerrninly 
not n pr'ibnlilfi r'ninll. of WyolitHle l«inphinf[ 
St this pi'riod nf bin life {Vhron. An^l. |i. 
309). 'Ino rnbcU bm oorer ncciiicd of 
liercajr (Rkvii.i.e, Le Soiitfcemnit des Ira- 
milleur* tfAngl. en 13SI, y. kiii) nor (wiih 
hanllv nn cxwpiion) Ibt^ follHnls with com- 
munisui (Tri:vfi,v*k, EngUind in tit Aye vf 
ffVi'jf'. p. 3401. 

\Vb.ilitV(>r l(ii> origin of ihn movnmnnl, it 
COnlribnli^l of rinlrm" to thp incWMini; indijfi 
ition of the ciTli'iiftiticnl world, nmilo the 
iwlb aiDonft thu kily of n n.'aciionnry 
•piril. Moreover, jiut bi^foru [hiK cnan in 
tJie t-stomHl fortuiicsof the WyclillJtoinov*- 
ment, iho ilov^Vipinpni of iis li^a'Isir's ibeo- 
logicul opinion" linil n?jir-b«d (hn point nlicrc 
they plnrcd him mojt incmntrovcrtihiy, mint 
irroooncilnWy bpyond tlip palt- of miHliicvnl 
orthodoxy. WbMi bi^ trrole tliu 'De Civiii 
Dominio, Wyclifll- still ecci-pttd the iIimt- 
trine of tranHubelntitiarioti. It was in thu 
Bummer of 1381, or moro probably (ftilnlyft) 
«f 1380 (u ha< b-'on ^bown by Mr. F. P. 
Matthew, }^.<y!. ni>t.tlex:\m6.x.»lR%^.), 
that Wycliffcintbriicbooli of Oxford 'bi-gfin 
to dRtcrmiuo mwiurn np<m ibu iwcmmeni of 
Iho altar;' ondhia duliTmiuntiuu nniounTc>d 
to a CDtcgoricfll and pvrvmptory deninl of the 
doctrine of lr&iuub#iaiitiation {Fitrr. ZU. p. 
104). *The con»ocrot«(l host which «■(> sw 
on th*nltAri»m»ithM Christ nor nnypnrt of 
him, but tb« cRi^lunl Mgn of him ' (ih. p. | 
101). Thu pntriitii! doctrine of tho xvti ' 
premnce lie ccniinned Torbuliy to luacrt in ' 
vneno and g^ntTnl lanfruiigi' : but, wlic-never 
lie dolincd, the n-ul prutvnct) tl?ndi-tl niort' and 
inori- to bu ('Xphtioed as a spiritual pn^M^iice, 
tho brMtd and wine eivr more and more 
to become a sign of the reality, and DOt the 



reality itself. If for a time he siill wm 
. even content to uny that ' tint bn^ad add 
' irini> nn? '.ranEubiitiiii tut od into tbo body and 
blood of (;hriiit,' the admitoion w*j qualiluil 
bv the woriU ' in a figure," or ' virtnnlly. u a 
ViWf in in the whole of hiu hinfcdvm,' or ' m 
B man is crvat^d into a pope, while remuiS' 
irij; the Hsme man as he was before ' (r^. (. 
lti(). To the lnf>t hia viowa on the Vll^H 
wpreteDtjitivn,>hifting.nndbnrelv cond^^^^f 
Hill tb« nietaphj-tir.nl do|^a of t W miiflH^^^ 
nchonli in which nlone truunbaianliatiaa 
bcoame* a definitf, clrnrly Cut, areunUe, tir- 
t pl W I ualptHit tun ^ the doctrine ofthe (ourth 
Lateniu council, of the an^lical doctor,!* 
the whole ooedileval chur^'h — w«« now fi 
the 6nt timn publicly chnlleD^iTN), diuect 
ridiculed in the mediirval icboobi. Wy^i 
nndnnlandinK much better than ita 
vtintional trachi-ri the true meftnins of 
renliiim,deniedthepOBub41ity of IheBMtidaalA 
— the seuHible prouurt.iee— of tli« bnad and 
wine remniniiig while their '•ubetann'wu 
devlroved, and r(<ptnced by Ibo mibatanc 
Iho ho'dy and bloo.1 of t:hri*t. All Wycliffa' 
previoui ab<irrniion> from orthodoxy 
not inauHCeptible nf aome defenctt oni 
tional lines: all, if ei^nlually condemi 
had been h*?ld by connidemblo wctjiwia of 
church. Many of the Gallicad opponcota 
tbo schiam, for innlanr^i, were goin^ i|aiU i 
far na WyrlilFi> in roinitniainctbnMit&ori' 
of the pnpncy, and even in upholding that 
the aecular power. Wycliffos new ben 
Meuled hia doom in the eyea of the mnliv 
church, l-'or tho>e who conceded lesHt 14 
the claima of the Drieathood admitted that 
priestaandpriesla alone could 'nuke the body 
of Clirist.' If they onuld not do that, tbe 
lay world would iaantably dmw inferenoc* 
which wouhl be fatal to the whole antfn, 
of hierari^liicul pretnuiun- Btco Lancaatn' 
was shocked at thin denial of the central 
doctrine of medin^ral orrhod-^ny (fiwr. Xit. 
p. 318), It was Wyollffe'a doctrine of the 
eucbarint which ruined for the immndist^ 
futunt hia chnncea at a practical rrforawf. 

The nnturnl reiult of these two fresb 
fenlon-K in the nititation— the penaanl rerolt 
and U'yclifTe'i new henay — wunfn>sk onl- 
butvt of eccle-iiiistical repreeeioii. The Rrn 
attempt was made tn Oxford iivlf, Tlie 
chancellor for the time being. Willisra dr 
Itrrton [q. v.], wiia hostile to Wycliflif, Mid 
Bsiembled a body ofdoRtuni oftheolof^niul 
canon law — nol the whole of either GtenltTi 
iLV he admits, but * thme whom we be' 
to be meet expert '—which condemned Wj 
cliffe's eocharislic doctrine, and fortedeb' 
ho tao^htin the nnivcmity under pain 
imprisonment, academical mifprnaioB, a»d 



^ 





Wycliffe 



"3 



Wycliffe 



the mater eicommiinicar.ioii. Onlj oiM 
MMBur doctor of ihnilo^ nnJ ■mljr iwa 
aoutlir euuMuMi T.ai>k jiart in lhi» pmct^il- 
injf. TTiP KSIcnci! wn nrDDounctMl in Wy. 
<:lilf«'a pnueiici! in llio sclinol of tlm Aiutin 
frian. Agviiut tLia i)<^cUion W'jcliliu at 
«ooe appeakd — chkracleriqiii'itUy and uf 
MKirw uncutonicall; — to the kiiiu. But, tliu 
Milk* of Lueutsr rnjoiDwl siTeoco upon 
hiw, an injunction wliieh dul noi prvTimt 
Wjclillc immi'ilinlfly jiuttiuK fortli a ' con- 
ftwsion ' m whir^li tlio oW dciutrinii in rc- 
kMertMl ttud dHlt^iidtrd, iIioukIi |>i.'rbnp( in 
«oinc«'!ial iuor« guarded luuguaj^ (ib, pp. 
113iiq.: \VitKis«,iii. 170). 

'nMOlfordcondf^ninnlUiii muHtiavc Isken 
^ne* in iho lummcr of 1^1, just before 
the beginnioj; of thn pi-nuint rovolt. After 
its luppTB^uu tlic murdL-rnliiivhbiahop, th« 
apuibvtic, mud«nt<<, and rutb-r LtncMtriaii 
Sudbiirf , WM ftucc^edtd by Uio nwlouii And 
«nMK*tic CourtentT, llie old taemyot the 
tiowlfM powerful duk«. As aoon w he bad 
rMTcircd the pallium from Itoow, the new , 
pritoale lost no limn in nrailinff himwlf of I 
llw Fjiirit of eccli-ainsticol T««ctiMi wliinli, . 
siocvtb* latv diiordt-rs, bad taken puuruioii , 
of biag H&d parlisumit. Yvt \\'}cliirL-'« , 
place m public opinion wm mill so sttuug | 
that ihn prclali!* judged it cxpedieul lu . 
bcitin b; BKiickin^ tbo docirinci, and then 
■ftenrarda tu iaiobe tlia aid of the •tote in ' 
wipptning tbc penons. In point of form 
ikere waa do pi-ntoua] stiacb on WjrcliiTi* 
bimMtr. Slil), an euunivrution of thu Ihnn- 
luteal pMitions DOW aMailml will Iw a siif- 
ficiont indication of the profcreu of Wyclilfu'ii 
aind and of the Wrclinite movemeul «iucu 
1377. 

On 17 ur H May 13S3 ibem mot nt thn 
•rchtnahop'a aumiaonB a court or council 
consisting of ten bisbupB. siiiveu docton 
•nd «ighl bacholors of tbtM>IO|;y, ibirteen 
docton of canon and civi} law, sud two 
btticbiiloni of law. Tbiii ai^mblj has some- 
limi-H been drntrribnt a* a synod of the 
juiuthi-m province, liut Ibiil it ccrtainlv was 
IMK ; tliera ifl no I'vidi'iice that all ibc 
«i>ulberii biahops wi-k titiHl, wbiln amunt; 
tbou) who weti^ prrMcnl were tli« binliop of 
niirLamand n fnri^ijni bithop^'Nunulpn^aH'). 
The bisbopa and doctor* wero Miupiv llie 
arbitrarily' and pi^rbap* judiciously letected 
■weWCTm of tba nn^lihishnp. All tbe thM* 
logical dooto™ weru I'rinri mrfpt ono who 
wua monk ; cbe wardi-n of Munon wem Ibe 
«nly secular bachelur, ur rullit'rliwutialv, of 
tbcoloKT. Uteaessioii luuhjilaot*iu the ball 
«f the lllaclfriars' convent, just oulstde the 
wnllii of London. It so happened tbnr. an 
cutbqualcB~of lutuiiiial violence for Ivng- 



land — inok place during ibo meeting. Tbvrw 
were those who urgeil ihnt aflur »ucb an 
oin<^ lh<? procoodings *liouhl h- nbnndonrid ; 
bitC ('ourlonny nn> dispo«L-d to put anotbur 
inlerprctation on tbi? cvuut: ua thu r«rtli 
wa» puTHiag iinelf of iti foul winds, so Iha 
kiii^duiu would be purged, tfaouub uot with* 
out jfivat trouble and SKiution, of iho 
heresies which alHicted it (/■'air. Xi^ p. 372). 
The council becnmn known lu th e 'cnrth- 
qiiaJ M counc il.' llrforn such an CMcmbly 
thu condcmnat ion of Wvclilliim wiia a fore* 
fioiie conclusion, and ou l'>< Msy 138:t iba 
aicbbiabop tnuvd fais mamlstt) uddrewL'd to 
Ibe Carmelite friar, l>r. Pi-ier -Stokes [q. v.], 
reQuiriDE him lo pnbliih thr^ condxinnatioa 
of Wj-clifle'a tlieSM in Oxford, lo Wnlden's 
oci^ount of thn council's provi-cdinga (id. pp. 
■27S 91) there followa a list of the doctor* 
preM-nt at ila aocoud, third, fourth, and 
Ufth wsuaons, aud uon bc^'iu to appear the 
names of a frw secular ihiiologinns; but 
these sittings took dIsco nflvr tbo coudem- 
netion, and fom* of the doctor* now *um- 
moned wera probably suapects who wuro 
miuircd lo eubicribu by way of puri;iii}C 
themiK'lvea from coinuiicilj in error, among 
them Hub«Tt- I'ysKV L^ v.]i the noturiotulv 
Wyoliffiteohanceflorof Oxford. WycliiTeV 
«tTe>iuousdi»cipIes,Xichola> Hereford, I'bilin 
It^pin^ton [q. v.], and John Aston [q. v. T. 
were likowino cited, but refused lo sifiii, and 
worn dltd to ap|M.>Dr m MCUwd peniiui. 
Astari was condemnud ss a heretic, and 
Hereford and ICupinf^on excommunicatod as 
cuuiumoi-LouA for non-npornrancp. 

The pro posit iiiDs condninnoil wiri* nx fol* 
lows (('Aran. Angl. y. SX'l; fate. Xit. p. 
'ill : Wii.sixs, iit. IS7, tbo ofhcial account 
from tbo Arcbbisliop'i lU'Rister); (1) That 
the subiitBiice uf the mutvriul bread and wine 
remains after cousecraliuu in the Mcraiuent 
of the altar, i^i) t'hat the accidents do not 
remain without a subject [orKub»tnncoj aft«T 
consecration in the santo aacnuncnt. (3) 
That Christ is not in thn ncmment of iho 
altar identically, truly and reultv in bis 
proper coriwral presence, (i) lliat if a 
bishop or priest be in mortal <tm, be does not 
ordalu, consecrate ('conlleit'), or bnptise. 
(fi) Tbal if a man b<< iluly conlrili-, all cx> 
lerjor oonfiiuion is for bim niiiiorfluous or 
useless, (ti) IVrtinncioiislT to iiinRrt that 
tbn proposition thnt Christ orJninud cba 
mnu is not foundi'd in the aonjiel. (7) That. 
()(hI ou^bt to obey tbe ileTil. [By tbis 
W^TlilTe meant tliataiucHGodbasjieriuilled 
evil 10 exist in tbe world, He must havo 
tvgard lo the existence of snob evil in hie 
goverumeni thereof. KUctvbcrr, by a dit- 
dple, the doctrine \a explained to mean ib&t 



Wycliffe 



a»4 



Wycliffe 



r 



Ood owes tli« i]«vil lov{*, aoii (.hows it bj 

fimisliin^ bioi.l (^9) If ll>o pope be for*- 
nown [i.u. pfMottiUod In dMnnation] and a 
bad mau, sad concMjaRnt!; a meinber of tlw 
doril, be luu do pan>'i.>r over Cbrist'ii rattliful 
ciTen bim bj uiy oiie, iuUms it b« puKbaiiee 
Sjr Osnr. (9) AiW Urban ^1 no oihcr is 
10 be raoaiT«d sa pone, but we ought to Uts 
aft«r tha fMhion of thit Greoks, [Mcb nn* 
tion] under id onn biw*. (ID) To nMort 
Uint it u contraiy to boly •criptura tbnt 
eoolwiaatiual peniom abouTd hold tcmpoml 
ponSMioiu^ Tbu ubovtf [iroposiliouA are di— 
•aibed usLvretical; cliu folloniiig urn ouly 
tnomon*, end conirnrjioibeducerminalioB 
oftbocbiircb: (ll)Thnt noprelate ougbtto 
fiXccntniuiiicBUianyniii' unlc.>abclir>'Ikno«r« 
him to bi! I'xcoiamuniculril bj Ciotl. (12) 
Anyoau so Picom muni cut iiig i* by tbat very 
&Ct h«<Teticiil or I'xcumniuuicnli.'- (13) A 
prelate escommiinicaliiig u clerk wbo Iiaa 
•ppnaUd totbe biognm! i'«iiiciU>f tbeR-alm 
ia ihurcby n tmitortn Onl.thn king, anil tbn 
malBi, (H) Thoie who cleiint friim preacli- 
ing or bi-ariii); tbo word ot'Uot! or tbi! giQiipcl 
{irt-Hch'.''] [or. uccunling to anotbt.T reiidinjj, 
preacliiii^ (lit.- g(>»pi<l] oa accoiuit of ibi! vx- 
contmuDicaLion of men are excommuiunite, 
and in tbe day of iiidgrneiit will be bald 
tnitom to Uod. (15) To; luuprt that it is 
lawful for any ono— even d duacuu or prii^sl 
— topruach tlw word oJOodwitUooI lioeuco 
oftbu apostoUL* we or of a ciLlUolii: bielioiior 
%ia otber eulEciently T»coj{ui»L-0 uulliirrily. 
(16) To tswrt that no one m n civil lonl, lio 
oaa a bishop, no oBnaprrlatR, ivhili' he it in 
tnortul niu. (17) Tlint i.-inptinil \or>.U cnnnt 
ibeir^knsurc taki- uwiiy tPinporul Roods from 
ooclesioalics babitnaily dtlinqueut, or tbnt 
the p«opIo may at tli^ir plvaj^iiro cornxit de- 
linquont lordi. (19) Tbnt tithe* ato pun.* 
nlnu, and that carisliionfTx mnv, on account 
oflheiiiiui of tDcir cumin, withhold tlicm, 
nod at thvir plpimun; confcfr \livm oti others. 
(Id) That epecial prayvra applied lo one 
penoD by prMates or ' religious ' pertoos urv 
of DO more um to that penmn than general 
praytjn under the liki> concliiioim (ciutcri* 
panbu*). (20) That by Ibo very fact of a 
man uuIUTiuK any privaie -religion wbatuver 
he is made leae ni and capabli* of obeeriang 
tha commaDdiuf nU ofGud. (SI) Tbat the 
laiota io inMit.iiting niiy privnto rnli^onn 
whateror, whether of thn poiupMionml or of 
tba nwndiennt*, bavc >inncd iu aiicb iiistitii- 
tiiM. (21') Thai the rvlijtioiu living iu [iri- 
vale nliKioiu ari! not of ihc Chrittiuii tvli- 
giom. {iS) Tliiit ibe friara are bound to 
acquire Ibeir livelihood bithe labour of tbcir 
handa aud not by ini'n<{icnncy. (S4) Thut 
any one conferring nltnn upon tbu friara is 





pxcommunicitt*, and m is the rtcrmr 
tbcm. [In tbn version of C'Aron. ^j^ 
•ixtocnth and the tvrcnly-Iburtli 
are omitiii!,^ 

It will be obttrmd that not all ibac 
o^inioat atv atcriUid to Wycliffe pefaoaally -, 
■III], if we allow fortbo erade and aig- 
geratcd way in which thn are stat«d, ib^ 
an certainly baud upon th« doctnn«a man- 
taiucdinhUnxlaat wriliiwi. Wc may mm- 
mariw the position at woich Wycli&s bad 
arrived by wyiBg that ho IimI ]|£>w fullj 
devtd oped tbu duCtrine tbal al|^ autbont^, 
eeciilnr aa well a« eocleeiasticulX^ detivt^ 
from (Soil and i« forf«it«d wb«ii llie paaeeMBf 
of it U in a state of mortal ain ; that ha kat 
applied it niurr dtSmtely tban bofiara to tk 
condnmnuliuu of mnnv fnaturra in tbe laitt' 
ing cburob order ; tWt be has denied tb 
doctrine of Iran8ub«i«atialkm upon whic^ 
the power of tb9 pnwtfaood waa rundunn- 
tally baaed, and ibai ha hw condenuMd iha 
whole intfituiioiu of nooatticifai la all iu 
fomi. J 

A word must be said on Ibi* last change rf 
opinion. IL is outtnin tbal in earlier life— i "^ 
li-afelfrom 1376 (^Eutojf.IIitt. uL&la)—\V 
ditto Lad attacked the endowwd onlen 
ihrir weoltli, luxurir, and uaeleaaoeas, wU 
be hud bcitn mtbor incUacd to apiRttTa of the 
miMidicnni rulca aamareogrcdabtetokisowa 
idi'ul both of prnwlungactiTityandaf cnft- 
L'e1icuIpoTeTly(C]lran..4jv/. p. 116). "W^a 
lie appeared for tbe firsttimebefoco tbe amb- 
bi*bop at 8t. Panl'a, tbe Duhe of Laoeuur 
bad provided four friar* to defeoil Jlin (d. 
p. llt^). A chronie](irfia>Ji>9. /Tuf.iiLMSl 
makeH bini (ubout I37i) ^roAtly comwna 
the religion of ibc bian nunorx, raying tbrt 
they were tbedeatett to God (bo f 3nai. .iImJI 
p. 1 IB). He tipeaks more doubtfully in n* 
'Uioloous' (about 1K7H>, aiid (roin thix 
timr- bin hontility i« ever on tba iminni 
Though he lelt that in tbe exiMinc Mala et 
lluDfra it WIS neceSMiy that his Tblloven 
should (like John Wealey) Inlce thn whole 
world for their pariih, bi« poor ntiesbt wen 
in-culnr*. This is a point wbich JliiiW 
tiatea Wycliffe from pfcvioiu rmwilantr id 
medimval abiMea and preacbera of ptaelic*! 
religion. Uotrerer atrotxgly th«y mirht 
attack the erils of eviattng ofdan; they 
had uMially ended by fonindins a new a*e~- 
to ditTft enraest men from ibe rankt cf tb* 
ordiiiury puochinl cUTgy, and to beco*t in 
a ^ii'.^rut.ion at corrupt as its predeceMav. 
WTcliHt- liad not only aecn lio prMtJcal 
nvib of mendicancy miich was now beiac 
felt OS a a«rioiis bntden upon tbe poor 
liouseboldi-r, but hnd diacemJed tba «■- 
evnngfllcal chunkier of the fundvneitai 




principle* UDon irliii^h all thu rcliRioua 
ordenwfTa onsi-'d— iho llworv (Iml L'hrUl'n 
'comHvU ' wciw ontjr blridinf; on t.liti rv-, 
liipous, wliilu wcular people — iiicludii^ (be 
Secular clerfpr — wer« otaj boun<l lo the 
lower mordnjr npnatmtei hj r.lin eT«n- 
^lieal 'procipt*.' IId held thnt ihc 
oMimtion of poTortv rRstdd upon (hi' wholr 
of the energy. Tbia opponition whieh the 
'poor priwln' Pipsriencwl nt lliu liandii of 
tltB fnan, to wIiiouliD U coustanlly alludiDlj 
inhi8coiitiover«iultnict»agaiiiB[iLvui,littdiio 
doublmudi to lb) with tbe intense bit temM* 
mudM tbe mandiciinT ordoni which pervades 
WyclHfc'» Ulw wrilingiL Tbn prmr pn'M(« 
bsftttK hr prMcbing in chiirchen. nnd, when 
exflodist ttuTofroiti, preubcd in ilic opi-n air 
kni) oltai wilhout upinctipal lioenri' l/Vur. 
Zt.p.S76). 

Tm fint meaaare of suppreMion directed 
wainM n*TolilflRiB was. aa we ha%'e seen, 
the wqrk at tin? binllop« nctinK "i their own 
initialiTa. In tbn wcnnd cniKi (hn pfnlnd** 
•Ctodnnilcrpnpnlniilhnritir. In tb« third the 
auppRwion wm ibf work of Ihc itnte. now 
iiiM« docely snocinted with tb<- hii^rarehy 
4lui>ugh tbi! r«a<:liuuarv tmuulsi- «uNeMliug 
th« peatanta' war. Formerlv st^nilftr uiiik- 
natwbadbeen disposed to wfilcomeWycliflVti 
Waettin); na n wi'jipon nirain^t thn hirrnrc.hy ; 
now tfffnpr^nl and rrx^liMinalicnl niitJioriiy, 
ten poral and rccleiiniilii'-nl propirrlr nlilii', 
•Dcned tlmati'ni'd b<f the iL-vclliHpdoflriiita 
"wUcb wen in llie air. Tkn archbisliop llml 
iamed naudat«a to the nnivertily of Oxford 
uid to (be bubopa Mnnining them to «iip- 
pTMa the condi-miux! dttrtrini* iindpr pain nf 
Mtcontnnniciiiinn, nml tlii-n in pnrliami'nl 
(Hay 1383) eropotRd tlut tbn nhnritt' thoiild 
be autboriMO upon'llu.' >i)[nilioitvit of tbi' 
bishopa to iaiiirisuu the utTvudiiiK pn-ui'licri 
aod lb«ir adlii^reiitt^ An uriliiiiirice wh» 
iOMed in ac<?ordftuc« with the archbishop's 
profHMl (Bot. Part. Hi, \H), bnt it bad 
D«T«F bean pawd by the cnrnmonis and in 
Um noxt MMon of parliament (October 
1382) the lowor houM putitionwi for the 
conoUinf; of the pretenanl Hiatiiti!, wbiirh 
was accordingly ropealBd (i*. iii- Ul). But 
on 'iH June l!^2 the liinf; had already 
iMaod a puieLt aucboriainK the bithons 
tiMinkMlrea to imprison di^fond'-n of tn« 
enndemnnd dof-trini-i until Ihny rdcantnd or 
nthor action aliould bn Inki^n by tbc kinK 
inoouncil(«of.fa/.OUichnrdU.pl.i.ni.3C). 
Jt is a curiuiiH fnct that tbe romnioiis 
■boald hare n^entL-d ibe foru^'r of iin^m 
nwiauires, which only reasserted the extstinff 
law, oicept in ao far as it nppareotly 
sMliCiriMd tbe imprisonmnnt nf bimtics 
httan, ioatwd of nftrr, rTcnmenunii^ation, 



while lliu patent of Juno introduCTd n Tury 
si'rioiis tej^al inuovation— the imprin^-innipnt 
of Invuirn by din-ct aulhority <it thr eccli"- 
«iasUcul jud^e wilhottt n ruyal writ* Tha 
facts aiuy i^linw ihe Transitional sta^I 
through which lb" developroi'tit of coti- 
■titiitinnnl principlp-i wn* pnMin^, and tho 
divided itnti? of public opinion upon tb* 
qrir-ntion of WyulilRMII. 

WhairviT wens tlw view* of the cIb 
Tvprr^eiilud in parliamt-iil. at Oiford at all 
I'Vi'nts (b<* * ei au^-rliciil doo(or'was still a 
poni-r. Ther« he was still the jrreatesu 
living tciRcbprnf Ibenlnzy nitd philnsopby,! 
the reprr-nnntnt irr of r»"B-a shnrod by at 
Icrut one linlf of Ihn iimTMiitv, lb* 'flower 
of Oxford' (AVfoj. Jliitor. iii. 316). Uii 
infliit-no-' wBa wjiecinlly parnmoLint among; 
the vimni^r maslen of arts, f'lr whom be 
was ideiilili^ wilh lbecau«i>of reuIrptQ in its 
struggles with tbe Psrisian iKiiiiinalLsm.with 
tbe caiiar of iIk' philnsophiojil fsciiliv in it* 
jealousy of t bo aujmrior tncullipt of tfipolo^jr 
andeanon law, with tlip couanof thnierulnr* 
in their conflicts with the mendicants, nnd of 
tba iiniTi-rBty in itself in it^ jculous struj^lu 
ogaiusC extpiTial ecclesia»tica] aulhuriiv- 

Ou Ascension day (1-'^ May 1382) n violent 
diicourse ngsinat the rsgiilain was ptiMcIied 
in tbe cbnrrhyard of St. Ii'ridciwyde's (now 
IHiriat (Tbnrch) by Wyelifl'i?';i moil promi- 
nent diidplo, NicboUi Hereford (fi(«llr«»» i 
lUS. 'ilO: Fote.Za.^. 2m : cf. Arad 
3,Iuut< 18^'2, and art. NlnioLis, _/f. If 
Tbe arebbisibop'* lasndalu for lli» condnto-J 
nftli>>n of the prohibited tnnela in the uni*' 
TPTsify wna iiuuvd nn 2S May, and it» n»ecn- 
tion WM mntniatnd to tbo Carmelite doctor, 
i'pter Stokra, who bad been the rinKlmder 
in thu nptutioD npainat \\'vc!iir(- at Oxford, 
and hudvirtunlly condueteil Ihe prosecution 
(r'A. p. -JflO). But Stokes found it inipossiblal 
to get tbe chancellor, Robert, liy^ec, to set.! 
Itygg^ wna pmbably st henrl « iVyeliftit^J 
though ho had joinnil in tbo Oxford cond>-ai* 
natiiMi of his nnclensalicnl doctrine.ii, und 
Stakes win too much iatimidnted to publiali 
tbo msndnlu himsi^ir. Two days Inter tbtt] 
Brchbixhuji tent a nieTineiiig' letter to tl 
cliaucell<)r,abutii)t- bim forharinglct Tie 
ford prench (ib. p, i^C), and r«qniring bin 
toa**!'! Stdkfa in tbepiiblirnfinn. Thechan-] 
I eellor Iind nlrnndy invitrd i'hilip KepinfiloBl 
to pfpseh before the uniTt^^liIy on Corpus 
; Chnrti dnv in St. Fridi-fwyde's cemetery. 
' The arehbishop's letter had been inlendtd 10 
prerent another Wvcliffite sermon, l>ut tbo 
chancellor denied tfie srclibisbop'* jurifcdic* 
linn within tbe uiiiveraity, preti-nd'd doubts 
a* toniithpotiiriiy, delibi-rntrd with theproc- 
tom and 'other wcukr rrp'ni»,'MpTes«ed 




bimwlf Kftdy to Msist tlie atchl»»hop, but 
tooknoBctioniill thomrmoowMoTiir. The 
•HRDon wiu n RlroiiK c)i>fnnff) nf WtcIIRo** 
docirinc.) Unpinirton dmUrrd rbnt ttrmporal 
loH« att^bl to be mpnticmi'd bi'forc iUb 
•piritunl lu the [urin of bidtlinf{ uruyer, siid 
cxcitt^d <li0 people' Itt iniumutiou Bud l.i> 
tb« spoiling of cbiirvlics,' mjb ihc frinr 
'Walilnn. Aftnr the f^riuon, ibfl cliAncllnr 
wftited for tlio juvnchnr nt tlin donr of ibo 
cliiircli : thi'V wi-nt tiomc logolbtir Inughinff, 
'nnd jircfti joy will cnu«ediiinoo(ttln.>l<illnfi£i 
at nufb a a-.-riU'iii ' (/((*". His. ]i. 3(Xli. Tli« 
exi^itfiDi'iLt HTid ulurin wen.' such lliat the 
cluuii'ellur had Mocutud a guatiJ of a liundnxJ 
vmed men Aram tlw mt^, wbile twenty 
jnen with wntponii undfir their gjnwn* 
cwnrtpd ihe pfrnchitrfiA. pp. 299-301), On 
n luliwquont di*|iulatjoii in the icUoolit 
bctwpi-ii Btoktu nod Itepint^on it wmi sImi 
repurtud that tb« jianiiiaiii! of Wjclille 
had taken a ainiilar prvcautiuo (lA. p. 903). 
Stdlo», wlio bnd gone lo St, Krioc'Wyd* 
witli the intention of piibliabinfflhe mnn- 
date, wni Bfrnid to learn thE cbtirrh, and 
wrote lu tile nrchbisllop tliat bo bad not 
been uble to fulfil bin ciiiiuiion fur terror 
of UiH life (ill. pp. !{UI-2). Tbe next duy be 
Bgaiu furuiullv baiidud tbe original letlvn 
under the aivfibiftliop'" neal in full congre- 
sation tn tbe rbnn?i?llnr, who dutifully pn> 
tKunl bi» ri-ndinraj to eomply if tho iini- 
Ter«iiy nfter dup di'libemiiim approved, but 
did notbiiiH. The cbniitellor nnd proctors 
were iiu mediately suiuinuned t<i Lambsth 
(ill. p. au'.'). Tbcy wen" dinHrled to appear 
befure tba tribunal already dMcribed on 
li June, and werp tben accutted and con- 
victed ol' beiiiit •fniitom' of tb« Wyelilfite 
hftfeiiinii. Une of thr nrtiriM of cborgv is 
nifrni'iRnnt mt illuntrBliiiK tbe attitude pri>- 
biibly of many of \Vye!itrp-V supporters, wbo 
reiilty thungbt ns b» did. but were always 
»iui(e prwpiired to tnnk« formal siibiuiwioii 
lo 'be niifhorily of tlie cburcb. When an 
ardent. \^'yetiHite hnd 'Irflnrad ia tli« mIiooIi 
Clint tbcfi- won tio idnlnlry liko thft nortu- 
ment ot tlie nlliir. (be I'lijinedlnr hod con- 
tented bimcelf with the proluit, ' Now you 
nrn upeakiuf^ on a pbilosopber' It i* aiaa 
inlervsliugto note the furaiul etatemeut that 
tint only the chancellor and proctur«, but 
llw majority i>f the repiints in srt* (i.e. the 
molten netunlly teiiRhing at Oxford), Tri;rc 
' not ninicnble or bniiBVolpnt to thowj who 
det<-miin<!d nftainst Nicholas Ili-reford nnd 
Flulip Itepittirlon, but were nioit b<i<cli!e to 
them, tbuugh beforu they were frieiidn. 
lliefL'fore it aptieara that they held the nnuie 
a» Nicholas nnd Philip ' (ib. p. 8U8). On the 
other hand wa are told that now all the 




recent* in iLeology (who hni) «u _ 
Hyeliir«in l>tT7) 'detertniBeil •goiaal' 
doi-irinii {Eult/y. Hiit. iii. 3fii). 

The nn:u*vd olEeinU ended by onlNcribiac 
the conduniiiatjon : tbe cluincellarr bcig[M 
|Hirdou on hi* knewi, and was futgiven on tb* 
iiiTerceMiunxf ibeacedand alwarsraodente 
William ofWyl[^ai(i». p. 308). He wh 
thereupon liand<'il n rmoh and lantv strvnuou 
tnjindata,re(|uinTiK hiiu not. lo allow tbe coa- 
demned tfincts to bL- tntiffbt in the unJTmily, 
and to (iispend from prraclimfi and frooi all 
academical nets VV'yclilTe, Hereford, Kniai)f- 
ton, Aaton, and Lann^oce Bpdeman [t|-T.) 
until tbey bad purgeil their innuoeDce befooi 
him. Another mandate rmininMl him topab- 
li»h the condemnation in .St. Atary'^ Chiudk 
and in ibn irbonU, and to make an inqDni- 
tioti ibrougb ibc bnlU of ibc unireniilT fw 
tlicduppuncrsof iheie doctrinal, and to fbite 
thiTin to purgntiuu. Hie cbancellor pleaded 
tbat be dare not for Gear of hit lir« pubUifc 
such a document. 'Then,* rt-plied Coiiit«- 
nay, ' ix the nnivirmitv a fautor of heretic* l~ 
■ha will not allow orlHndox trutbatobepd 
Iiiibed'(i(. p. ;1U). And (he nccuulionwi 
certainly no more than tht- truth. Iloweri 
the chancel lur now went l<ack toO\fordwii 
a royul iujuncliou to cnrri- out the 
bi^bop's comiiiandH. Ue proceeded to 
pond Hereford and liepington berth ttooL 
pKncbing and Ircturinj: ; and a royal writ 
ri»(uire(l the chancellor and proctors with 
tlw BuiBtancu of the iIocli>n of theologr, t« 
make a funeral iiKiuiiiition tbroiu^ioitt f' '' 
university fur heretics and for aUboob 
Wjelitr«orHt'reford(fW.Zu.p.312). " 
tlie nrchbi»ihop'a ihrwt* did not prwrenl 
snipi'ndingn violent anti-WTclimIe peititta, 
the Ciniercion fli-nryCnimp [ci. T.^bifflMll^ 
however, B buretio in nnolhcr direction, ■• ■ 
disturber of the peace of the univenitT {A. 
pp.3ll-li,aiU This incident led lo iW 
citation of ibecuancellnrand praciom before 
ilio liing in council, by whom in«y were com- 
pelled to ramove th* aiutpanaion (iA. n. 3111, 
All thfl moro prominant of WyclifTe** fol- 
lowerii wen aooiwT or tat<rr foronl into some 
kind of retractation, and it is n proof of tbe. 
ustoniahing hold which ^\'ycliffeluid acquiiedl 
over large sections of tbe Et^lisbpcoplelbatl 
be eecaped any form nf pemooal condc<ana-| 
tion. It ia not 'vin rfi-ar that tliw are^l 
biabop'n cnmmnnd to miapend Iiim Axna all 
nradumical acts wnn ever carri«l out. Qe 
Iind apparently left Uxfurdufbiaowa accord, 
and retired to LulterwoTtb. There be oc- 
cupied himself with preadiin^ to hi* r«ral 
cun^rv^iioD tbe sermons which have cofim 
down to us, in making or completing Ui 
translation of iho Bible, and in oompoailf 



'-,to_: 

i 




incrauioftlT ^ioImiC iRUifca or jiamplilets 
at^inat llie abuMit of tbn cbuicb, wjiMiiillf 
tgtinsi tli« psDarv aoil tiiv rvgutim- 

Ii it alle^Ml ttist Wfcllffe in p«r»nn had 
to Amfiitr wfotii l.hn bi*liO[i* iiMiniiibl*d i>t 
Oxfoid in Noi'Rinbnr 1.1S3,uid ibnt h« thrni 
tMABted, bat tho (tatcoipnl nulu i-DtiivIjr 
upon tbu aulborit; of Kni)(bton {CMroniftm, 
ii. 100), wbo ivprennila tliu aatenibly Ht &ii 
odjoutiivdtMuonoflhe'eanbquAh^oounoil,' 
odauming tb«t the IsT#r eitiJnp of tbtti i*- 
MEoblj, in wbicb no many Oxford docior* 
tlgiir»d, mutt bavc br.e.a hold in t.hi? univinv 
«it_T iui-lf. JlorouYor thn KiiKlitb dopumttnl 
w&icb Kniitbton divi'i Bs n rvcBntation i^id- 
ptialiaiLly tvitavrt* tbu uiiiniunii ibui \V_v- 
cUBa liad alKayKfuu-rttiiiii^. uml Kuigbi'jTi'o 
wfaol« trMtmMiI of \Vj-eIiflV'« lif>r U wiiluswl 
and nnrhmnnli^'ical. ti it improbRb!" tbat 
WTflirtV jippfnr^ii brfont »uch nil nu^mHy, 
nn<l<icftniiiUintlic<!idii(il rrlriiKt hisopiiiionju 
ThsftKhbiniiap'* rrgiitnir, wlio duly cbroni- 
cIm the rccuiilBticm of ItcDinKtoa ■nd .Viton 
(WiLnss, ill. l7:J),w<iuld not bavefaikdlo 
plat* OD rrciird »» wvIci'ik- uq i-i^nt. 

For ihv ImI liiii" tbt> criisad* which 
Urtwn VI bnd prrv'Iniindd ngAtni^I hli rivnl 
of Aviftnon bivnij;hi. WvcliiTi' linck itiio bin 
old field of piiliii™! piim]ib!eleerinf((l;iSL'). 
llera indiiMl wim nn exbibition im a uioro 
thKQ urdinurT »calu of cvF'ry abuM! which 
WydiAV bail denounced. A pretvuded paolor 
of on* balf of Chriuendoin was mco unjoin); 
b^ tb* in<Mt «xtraT*eaal indulgences the 
Dtvidtf and plunder of bi* rival'* adherenis 
in FUndcM, which «a* inradiMl by >n army of 
ruflUni recruited bypruncbiniffrinrK, finalised 
bycbarchcolleciiana.nndlcrdiiiiKnonbvcbi) 
fien pivlats Henry Denponn-T [i^.v/. blahop 
4>f Korwiuh, who Lud lUrcady uaed bis for- 
midable m*oa in palling down wiib more 
iban lh« nitbhaiOM of any tecuUr Irtnl the 
ralwllion of iba nriwnnti in Norfnlk. Wt- 
clifle'a leU«r to Urbnn VI ii Mimetimi* xnid 
to haxe proeurtKl him the honour of a ciln- 
tion It) Kume iu l^'^l, whiub be won pre- 
reDl(>d by illnesi from ubeyiiifr- But thr 
fact of th« citation rwla puliftdy upon (he 
auibority of aletTernf WyclitTe'sapolop'oicig 
for non-obnli>ii)ri- lo it < Fane. 1&, t>, ^1 ), 
nnd the doruniitnl, tho nntl nccaaion of which 
mint lenun uncertain, Mnrrely reads fas 
Lediler points out) like a rfalbtiernetually 
aent to Rome, tliouKb the fact of the ciiit- 
lion i« aerapted br Ur. Pbole < Wyetifff and 
ifon-mmtt fr.r B^fvrat, p. 111). A mere 
mmour that he was to be cited mifhtwell 
hare moved Ibo mfomiM to Miae inch un- 
I finiihed tlcctchof anpfy,or it may hnm re- 
I ferred to the ciiation to Itomii vnjoinud by 
I one of the bulb of 1:177. 



It b to the p«rli«ment of NoTembcr I98S— 
the parliament wbioh cauceHod tho Dnlcadtd 
fCatut* avaiust heraey — ihatWycIim ia tup- 
poMd to have aildrewed an 'Ew^di petition' 
tn thR folloiving elToct: (1) That n^ulam 
misbt bn free to Icava thair ord«n; (2) that 
tbose mm who iinrriwonnblv and wmnir fully 
huTe damned the Vxn^ nnc! bin council (for 
takvui; Bwer the gni-Kla of ecclcuaatin) oiay 
be ameudeu of iMi^at error; (3) that titha* 
and Other ecclMiaatieal duett ba withbcUl 
whtfn not used for their proper purpoMl 
(4) that the trua doctrine of the michariat 
may be tausht (tbn dncuini)nt, which coot] 
liiinB an etuboratc »talement of rMsons, ia 

tiriiited ill Aruuld's 'Inflect KiiffliiUi \Vorkt( 
iVyclitl'r.'iii.lJOb). A decidedly different T« 
»ion of (hepfOpositiousaddn-BM-d byWydif! 
In parliament is given by WuUingbam (U^i 
51). It invites pHrlinin^nt to withho** 
obedience to prc!al«i, niwpr. in *o fir i 
>ucb obedience promotoi obotlienre loChriatn 
not. toiMtiid mimuyioiheHomannourr.nol t* 
allow abaeiitdes to enjoy benefice* in ICng^ 
land, not to oppresa the people with tAllas«a 
till tb« propenj of Ibe d«rgy i« u«ed up, 
and to coDnacato tb« gooda of deliniiupnt 
rlertcy: hut contains no allimoi) to tlis 
eucliari«t. 

\V ycliffe had already, in 1382 or 1383, ex- 

ri-pieiiced a pnmlytic stroke, thi i!8 Dec. 
SM )««« Biabup Huckinjihnm of Lincoln's 
Reff. Memorabilia, f. 7, ap. Lewis, p. -14, 
and the testimony of Gaseoiciie'amanuncr-" 
deposition, ap. Ll;wl^ p. £3t); not. ai 
monk of !^t. Albans for polcmicnl purp( 
rcpnuenix, on tbn feast of St. Thomas 
Canterbury. 20 Doc.. Ckrtm. Angl. p. SflSy 
it was repeated while he was benrinjr mm* 
ill bi« own ohurth; be never apokii Bgiiin, 
and died three daya Iatvr(3l Dec.) He wu 
btirind At Lutterworth, where bis body r^ 
maini'd till 14^m, wben It. wn* disiuterre^ ' 
burnt, and tbtnwn into thn adjoining rTV«t] 
Swift, in accordance with tbnordenof ibM 
council of Conitance, by hii former disciplv) 
HicLdrd Fleuiiug [i|. v.], now bishop of Lin* 
colli. 

Tlie repo*e enjoyed b^ Wycliffe's remnini 
at Lutterworth fh^ni hia d«ath till U May 
1415 ii symbolical of the suhsoquent bi^lonr 
of Wyclilliam or l.oUnrdii>m (iho naise iMi 

iirobably derived either from ' loUer.'an idla^ 
allow, or from tbo vurb'lull,' to sing or 
muCtvr psalmd). Tho movement wa« no 
doubt thrown back by the nepivwioii whicb. 
imni>>diatel y preceded and followed his death,) 
especially by tho measures taken (o oull«ct 
and destroy bis writiDgs inOxford ( WiiJLiIca, 
Cona'lia, iii. f. 160). It is to this iMClion^ 
against WyciiJHam that tbo Uxfotd eha 



Wycliffe 



si8 



Wycliffe 



etllorMtd prociTtoitcthfir formal appoint- 
ment w ' inqiiinlori-i hunrtirw ptBTiUtu'hy 
the rural wril of ISSI, vfairL ordaiaMl a 
moatlilv unitiisition for wycli flit m aiid Wy- 
di!Tit» Moki throiipti ibe cdtlegM umI hsIU 
of Oxford. Tbo litln vanwit* >t unco bow 
fliTounbletolbaf{UVBdnfWt«liSb'«ap>iiiarit> 
had hcvn tlic absence in Enitfaiidaflbaican- 
ninglv duriiMd inatituliun ilie papnl inquiai- 
lioD.liT wLivIi till.' uarlivr thirtevulli-ci'nUirj 
revolt aEaioRt lumlitDrul orlhodoijr had bavn 
cffectu&IlT repr^-v^. T'Kvea iho isMt>nn>» 
now talcfii bj rill? ntntn ngainit thn lollurd* 
vittTf of n c-imiHimtirely mild dcaerijitMn. 
IiBpriMBCDcnlwuitliietaTcrcMpoiuthTwlucb 
'tber inrolred. and, in tpiieof all of tliMii,it 
-■• clear that WjrcLiffitro continufd in forw 
Ib Oxford and iii many pwU of ISngland, 
M|>f«titll T in t be grttt tawa* lilie London and 
Itriitol (AB^X or UiX, rinn.iHl.TlinnipMin, 
p. .I) and in tho cnnntrt round I^ir»lrr, till 
the wijtn of liniry iV hroug;lil with it a 
fivtli ond far more riji[Droui> miowii! of thr 
•lliaucu bi^twma the wurt and the bLmreliy 
fbr the pri-servatioii of the itatta i/mi sgaiuHt 
siihwrMve and Fviviluiionaiy opiuions in 
chiircli nnd Mdli.'. The Wycliffite rifing of 
)88i> enabl*^ the nn^miM of bie dr>ctriii« tn 
Ktamn it out in blood. Arrnrdin^ to Adiun 
of I'rt {Chnm. rd. SI. ThompJtiii. p, S) 
twenty- three thounand Wyclilliti-a wt-n- jiut 
to di.>atli--or cuiirti- an ciiarmoiu exa^jntra- 
tiuti. Till? rvfurm muvt'uu'iil in Boheioia, if 
nut in lb" 6r«t inMRiii-t' ihw to tli* inHiwoiU 
of WyclilT"'* wrilioiTi.li.iil owed lo llipm it« 
d«iflnitely li^rpllcnl rlinmciiri tlia wrilingi 
«f Jolin TIuw nre larurly trnnm^Tipta from 
thoMof Wyelifln (nBcl.iiiiBKTii, tl'iil^f and 
Hilt); and the violent form assumed by ibe 
movviDent in I'ni);up turued tlip aujipreMJon 
of lollurdy from an EiiKlishlnlo a Europoao 
4in<>8iioi]. In H"l ihe gwtilsr nrm wm 
amngthnnod in il*i't!bnaloniuiitt.luibnninRft 
wnuaaioni of motbrr church hi tho stDMite 
•d*IiiBretieocombutendo,'whiclifor thi!tir»t 
tiBM gaTe the force orBlatuluiothu puniab- 
nWQt ixf buniiaf[ £iir bureav, ibouffb it. is 
noasiblelhatthiapuniabuient would In ibeorj 
nspo boon ivcogniMd by iho cnminnn law 
(MkrTLtXl), f'anon Imw in Iht CAurrh <if 
England,\i^. 17B«].) In 141! the univcr> 
ain of Oxford waa forced, with cxtremo 
diBiralty^ to <ubinit to > viaitatioo ' de htere- 
liea pmviUtu' by An^hbishop Ariindtil, and 
tocondemn Ihe oiiiuionsofWyclilfc, an invent 
whicb mar be regarded ns clo«iiif the bielor^ 
of really vital sebolatit ic tlioiij>ht in that uni- 
TWfwty (Rill II DA I.I,, Xlsivrmtin, ii, 432-S, 
B421. Thn worl; wait eompletiid by thi- mon- 
Kir«i of IhR ctiun<^it of ConBianrv in Hlfi-lfl. 
-FiMD this litiU) ^V'yi'lilfiun could uuly sur- 





TJrc in liDl(-«nd -comer fadiion. Bui ii mtf 
be broadly iu*i:rt«d ibal lollardy nnncqeU 
died oui in Kngland (ill ii raerned m tU 
new Liitliemi hvrMiM of iLe ustnailb ccb- 
lory (»ee Trvrelyaa's admirable chobsoa 
thu'Uwr ■ IliMorr of ib» Lollarda* m Agh 
landin the Ag* of Wfetifi, p. 333 ; ti. KUB< 
lul.t, t'uirrrntiet, IL M3j. 

WycIiSc* bible waAcxtenaiv^j coptd tf 
to about lUI^ and «T«a thm t^ 
whieb had be«n made did not diaappcar. 
ie certain ihalltieRelbraation bau virti 
btolmn out in tb« ivtrvt bible-rvadii^ 
itio Cambridfe M>fr>riDi>n> before either i 
tminptt>cal! of Lather or Ibo extnnciea 
Henry VIlFa pewonal and politicu j^iim 
aet n)«n free once more to talk optnh 
a^iiut (he nope and ibe tnonkx, and ta 
tMch a ainpW and mora apintual oonMl 
than tbo tyucm a^UBH which WyeUBeSid 
•triT«ni. 

'■ Of Wycliff.''!" pTKinil appwrancFwe o«df 
know thai hit frame wan ({arp and rtftaciaM 
( Willum 'lliarpe'i examination rnionad 
i-'air. Za. p. ilv, «. 3), None of iha «xti 
porimiis <a« to wbieli aee Sbrueatt, 

, »/ Jl'snlijTf, n, 1()) can b(> auppoMd to 
•ent morw than some faiat tnditiaa 

' ponnnality, and ara tnoro probably ^uit* 

! inia^nMy, HiaciMinic(appar«nclyBKBb(d 
tlifl fancination which hcutcrciMd toatadiad 

I aaceticUm, and be think* it rmmmtt to 
roply thai lua cooseienee U trauUixf tn 

' notbing M niudi aa that be nij^t ban 
coni>iiini>d ibn goods of tl»> poor by exctasii 
(lalin^ and drinking (Ttet'friftite ii.!S.f.' 

3 noted bv 8ttiKU:r, Fair. Ziioit. p. ilii] 
-ucha seif-oecuHition i> a Mitlici«ntdebaci 
If any charge of tncunoictiUKy coold pUiwibiy 
have Immi pivferred agaioft thi* proacbir u 
evangelical poverty and siniplicity of Vie, " 
would n«8iir«dly have b««ci ma'de. 
other poniient cxpmtions of Id* are qiuii 
aa «UGre<-<tlTR of a qnick troiper fSatBl. __ 
lot. eii.)-, and tbo tone of fata writinp b 
rcitainly trmchnDt and nncompromiuBf 
anougli. Thu malicious augqiestion that hia 
B«al a^nat ol«ricaI endowments wa« dueto 
hia dtMppointnaent at Io«iuc ibe bivbonrie <4 
WorcM(«r,^agerlv ailopl«d bv FathiTJaanib 
St«vanaoii [q. v.J ( 71c TnitA a&ont J^ 
WS/elif, 16S5), M«m* tr»Mabl« to WaUta 
^lieetriitate, lit. iv. cap. 33 ; tbvi ptifiMd 
iext(Venici', l(i71)'inIleyBpnn«i»iBttlMit' 
ia auppuaAd lo tvpTva«Bt ' VigOfliicinai '). Tb* 
charge of pereonal linidity aonetimaa aads 
iigBiD(tbimia«ufficii?ntlvr«fut«dbybUwbdi 
enrvrcr. Short of actually inaiatliia on bei^ 
persecuted, hi* pcoteria agaiatt Uw ataw 
which lie denounced could hardly baea ban 
bolder lUau ihey were up totbo rerydau«' 




Wycliffe 



219 



Wycliffe 



'\ 



his dxtfa. Hm inuniinity from jwriHinal nt- 
Udiu no ddubtimiBrkablp.anduasirlkm^ 
iritiMiM to Ibi! BtreDOthof li'ii tnt1u(>iici; iritli 
kit Mr1« (Jid couditiuus^tliti PriuCBM of 
Walat, ilif Ihiku or Lauc;u[er, powtarful 
noblet, wtoltJiy citlieufi, poor petunt*, 
uilil«i]gndiiat«a and gnuiuaCM or Onfonl; 
•ad it ii |irobiibl« enough that hii anpanont* 
wen wiM in their jtRnnntiaa irntn tber 
dotcnBincil that Ibn ivcnntfttion of lu« fol- 
lowen nnd the •uppreiwiou uf hU books 
wouhl be n snaivr aatt en^n iriumph ihan 
ft nurtyidijm which would have lirnnght 
withitiuieubmisoioD, ond which would have 
reairakviwd Lbe opposition of Inrge Diiinben 
who inn not prnimrDdioijinimthiH.' with 
tb« fiilly dfirdopod Wycliflito doftrliie. 

A few words must he iul(l«d to sunjili-- 
mmt tbe Kccouut uf his dootrinM which W0 
bave biiluMio denved punlv froiu the te*ti- 
iBony of hi* wemiM. WycliAe wm rnmoui 
ss H pbilo8oph#r b^fom be bp^Aino n thco> 
logian at all, and fnmousM n thnobitian bn- 
fiffc bo bpcanie n hi-rriiarnh. Ilu wu ihi- Um 
great n!Bli»t of ihomrdiff vol BchiK'U, carrviiig 
on that tradition of rc4iitanti! lu I'le PurUiau 
Ttmnlsui of which Oiford had'alwaj* been 
Um emtre. n« b«Ioiigi indeed to tho d^ 
eadmceof«cbolA4timRi— totheporind whfm 
adolaiiic tlio light' had hrcomn ovcr-«ubt1fr, 
toehniraJ, and intricnli*, and ils oxpnaion 
bocbuTous and uno.oulh even ai comparvd 
with ihn lutiaily of ihi- thirteenth ceutunr. 
8omu of ^Vyclillr's wurkit art anioii^ ih^ 
noit iotricnii- and obdcuiv of all «chi>lasitc 
wrilinga. It U llie mow mnnrknblK that. 
Uuid aach »Lirri>un{lin^t iri> fhouhl dincorn' 
ia him a rcnl t.hinkir vrho tumod iti oini 
weapon* acaitiiit much of the? nt^hoLutic ab- 
•uroitjof hisdny, aiiil uprofouudlvrebgiouB 
miad which by ahi-i.-r hard ibiiiKiiig — and 
jiol by th« tborl cuts of llenaisaaiicu tovy- 
ticinu or K«foriiiaiioii dogmaliiitn—foii^iii 
iu way to a ooocciifioii of tho Cliriminu 
gwitMl which wa« aboTo all thing* ethinal 
wupraeticnl. 

It i> not nceesiary to mv much of Wy- 
cUflil'a phltoH>phy, cxc(^yl that hiaduL'trine 
of uiuTMsals it a nrulisiu of a modenilo aud 
cinlt jbleoi-d c)i;irac!or vliich bad prolilod by 
tht criiicifiiu of Occatu and the nominalist*. 
He aehtiowlfdgaa thai iheuniverMt idea* are 
only tubolaneo* 'in an t^quirocal Mniio' — 
tliat ii to ny, tbnl thny ha\e merely an 
mtellipUoor jioisible 'phw' which is noccii- 
•ary aad clt-niul. Their (Midtirncf , in short, 
ia only logically ei^piirahlo oil tbe ou» baud 
^■D the pari^calan in nbich tht-y at» 
realised, or 00 ibe other ftom the mind of 
God in whic^ they •trrmally exint. Go<l U 
Ibit ' fonoa rnmn.' 



TliP connection of WyclifT*'* pbiUuophyl 
with hii thfoloffv is by no mean* an ester 
uut or ucciduntnl one. Krcryirhcra he dta 
covers ill nojuiimlinn the M-at of all the 
twical error. Hit conoeptiuu of tbu oatnr 
of God is profoundly ptatouic. ile I%1imJ 
avainst the idoaof arbararyditiiio decreM.1 
The will of God it ntemal and uochangM 
able, and ii detonnined by ihn 'ratiooeal 
exumplatea'or ' idena ' (whidi together con>' 
stitulH the Second I'ersoo of tbe Holy 
IViuity) olt^mully immanent in his nature. 
It would bo impotstble for God Hitnielf to 
grant thoarbiirnry and immoral privil«M 
which < Christ'* ricnrand his df>legate« undier^ , 
talce to confer in Christ's name. About bis I 
^iiite orthodox docl line of the incarnation it 
i» unuecMtary to soy more than ihot be has, 
for a nicdinval. au unusually sironftapjin-* 
elation of the real faumanily of JenuCnriil. 
Ilisdocttine of theatoaWfiDlteums largely 
foundwd on Iba teacbin^r of St. Antrim, by 
whom he was in other waya givally in- 
lluenced. AllhoU|{h bn insistji much 'upon 
ihe neceiaily of divine erace, pmdestinatinn 
it with hiiii TvUBunable. dirvctud tu the 
highest good of iill CTVaturcB, nol arhilnry. 
lie rKcn^iwH Ihftt all mural impulwiicoma. 
from (iod, and hn* no objoction to ihe Joo--' 
trine that man't use of hig will merits rr<tc» 
tr cOTyrrwD. thmigh objtMiting to the opdinair 
*x ftmdiano diicttine, and dimying tbo poMU- 
bility of works of lupi-reroaation. In jtpito 
of his strong a»aerlion thut nil thai hup- 
pens happens of necuiutv, and that the 
whole course of the worlil'a history is tbe 
ncceMarf ouicoms of the will^-that is tv 
My the oaaantial and eternal nature — ofdotl, 
hu does ai>pear,al Ipost in his t^nrliir writing, 
to aascrl human freedom in snmnthing mnre 
than the cquiracal lense in whirfi it ixad^i 
luitled by Aiigiialiue and Thomaa Aquinaa. , 
lie was erideut ly trying tustOLT a mid-eouna \ 
between the iodelormiuiBm of FiczRaliili'i 
and the thoroD^h^inz nrcdestiuanauism at* 
llrndwardine. In nariT life (when be wrote I 
t he (Juiwft'iwiftt .T///)lti;f»' could be no doubt 
about his libiTtarinuism, and in th(r ' I>e 
llumiiiio Uivino ' he still nuinl«incd that 
Buflicient gracp ii given to etery man to 
enabli> bim to fulfil the lav of God, but tbe 
delomiinistic lendencv Kr^w upon him ia 
lar*f yimrs. Thero iafittluof that insistence 
upon 'faith without works' which iacharao- 
loristic of the reformation tli'Ology. Wy- 
clifle's practical rvligious tcndiing is abore 
allthingsethictt: tha goa]H<l is to him mainly 
a Tovolation of Dmctical duty, end its cs ' 

is the law of charity. 

The intricacy ofa very technical philosophy 
and tbn directcst> and fimpleM inculcaticai 



b^ 



i 



Wycliffe 



«ao 



Wycliffe 




of CbridUn inorulily mtvl a\nageiy in 
WycliOw'a motl cbonclvrinlio duClrinH— tliH 
docirino i>f doiauiion founilwl on grace. All 
dumiiiioa, WvclilRft holib, is r<iuiKloil npon 
(h^willofOo'd. DnmiiiioniiiorthivakiEidii: 
(1) natural, (2) ovnnHVlicul, and (3) politicitl. 
NntiiTul ilnminion is tbu domiaion which 
man lint) (by ihv gTa.ce of Qoi) vvvt aU men 
und hU tliiujn before tku fall~a Joinl do- 
uiiaiuu uvlt I uiiigt And n domiiiiuii over oilier 
uit^a of which llie convlalivn \» *iibmiiuion 
to n llkt> domitiioii of tlioK olheni — a <tntc 
in which nil in lomi-rvnonponolhiT. Weru 
the kw of Ciiiist ptrftttly obserred evun 
now. I bin in the slatt to wliidi bummi society 
would r«tuni, and then no law would he 
uvci-asarj' bui iho law of Christ (though 
Ih»re UK same niwrvM in faTour of l>kwa 
founded on tha Ikw of C'hrixt), and coercion 
would bo nupiTlliioiu. And wen now tlie 
risbtrou) mnn hm ideHlly a dominion over 
ftli thintfn, tbuiiifb till.' fall bus made it nv- 
OHUnry fur him ti^Hubuiit tu jiracticH to «ouie 
Iluiitjiilon in the euTciae of llii» d>>minion. 
It isi-inlhAi. hos broiii^bi. with il thn n-'i7i>ji4it j 
for nlhi^r InwK and iho i^nrrrivo |>olitlcal au- 
liiority nrOfHiirT lo onforci* thctn. 

Hut oven w> tint Inwi o«u llieir authority 
to thtir conConnity with iho law ot Christ, 
tbv Uw* Kganlint; prwpvrly an much m other 
lawa, Th«practicalouIi?oai<-or(hi«iloGtTioe 
is thai 1ord« ought to i-xi;rd«t> their jiowen 
and to UM their jirowrly in accordance wilb 
the Christian law of charity, which ia soine- 
timcB idc<ncified with 'hi! law of naliirr. To 
wbnt u*n of wealth thin principle would 

S(iintinlbccn»cioftlii--aL'culBrrulprii, Wjeliili* 
uvs Dot explain in dt^tail. Hut, luuujrh 
thrrct ia an HduilBsiun that uudiT certain 
circumstnocot iha diiljji'ct tn»y Iw released 
from his alloginnc*, Wyelitf.i had no rovo- 
Intinnnrv prnctirnl inlimtion ni nijjanU ih? 
■tat"'. The immi'diatn ])raclioiil nbjfct of tbn 
tn-nriip is to devolop thu idi-u that 'uvan- 
getical duminiuu.' mich as is couft'rred by 
OhriBt upon eccli^aiaslic*. earrim with il no 
property in thiii^B or coercive jurwdiciioii 
overperwnB; anil, siiiwallifninigof property 
am condiiionnl on ihn fiittllninnt of ihv rnn' 
diiJonii npon which it wa« originally given, 
ho urjjrs that it is Ihe duty of ibc wkiuIot 
rulLT under certain cireumiitancMflu! avuida 
in the trratisei ' ])» Doniiuio,' though nut in 
thuUUrpamphUta, aay iug that thoae citcutn- 
stancra liad actually *ri»en) lo take away 
this pr«>nerty. Tho atatD iibould not onforco 
spiritual coiwurc* or thn pavment of tithu. 
Wyctiire*H ideal was that t&o clnrny should 
live a lifo of poverty- nut a fantastic, 
tei:bnical poverty tlhH thai prtMcrihed bythu 
iDVudic&nt ideal, hut a life of eXtieme siiu- 



f3 




plicity, supported by the tithna or otlwr 
voluntary olTeringa wluoh would be feealy 
given by tlieir Rooha to a clem who itdlr 
pivadiad the gospel and worked anMxn^ t} - 

StriihionRrs. fn urging upon ibe laily 
uty nf ri-formiitii thn nbuM* of tbi> <Ai. 
^^'yclil^e was no Krastian, udcr, whita b« 
beldsIruuslrtuadislincliaiiofDlfiocbetwcan 
clergy and laity — betvrcm Sfx.'ular lords, lo 
whom ciiercivH juriadiction was crnlrustcd, 
and priest*, wlwite authority waa putvly »p*- 
riliial or pastoral — he aiwerl« very emphati- 
cally the prioslhood of tlw laity, and laai ' 
that he is only ciillin|{ upon one part of i 
I'liurvh to rctnovu tbo evils due to the mt 
conduct of anothtir. The esistcnce of 
church it not dependent upon the tietgj. 
In hi> later theological writings andfol 
micnl pamphieta Wyclifle more and n< 
darelopa into praciicJil detail tlia MDa*- 
qucnces of ibeac views. Up dtnioa more 
and more Blrongly the 'jos divinam' of On 
uapacy; and he habitually Imtts (be papacy 
m \i* pivtent form a& the uiost si^ialmanM 
fcalation of the spirit of AntichriHi. lie s 
ccpis from Jerome the ideaof theidnnlitj' 
tho New Testament bishop with the N« 
Tmlameiit presbyter. Tlie priiTi.thood,ortl 
priesthood with the diuconale. Is the only 
ea»enliaUy necessary order of the ministrri' 
At the aame lime he has no ohjeelion to ep» 
scopucy, and dow not cunteuiplale ila abolt 
lion, provided it he liuiiled topurcly tpiritu 
auihorily and functions, lie pleads for t' 
permiMion of clnrtt'iil marria^^, tlioiigb Im' 
sf^ems to regard crlibacy ns thn higher idoa* 
.Morn and niore Tchutoently, as the slrugg! 
with his great enemies lliictened, be di 
iiounces the whole principle of monachiai 
The monks aru condemned fur Ibetr weali 
and their useletaoeas, the friare as the groat 
liawkers of indulgence*, pardon*, ' UltMf of 
fraternity,' and M ot) — Inn gnut enemlos nf 
practical' and spiritual ntligioD in the church 
ofliisday. But hisohjecitianB are not limited 
lu the ahuii««oriuc«iaalicism; he objects to it' 
principlv. Hie eloialereil life, greuarioiu a 
yet isolated, t)ie •elf-inipoMd obedience 
prelatM who might not be in asiaieof gra 
tltn waste of time in mechanical dovotioi 
of inotdiimlu length, the inevilaljln ^vri 
of a aeal for the unler aitd ita tradiluiiu. 
the dbpHrsf^emunL of the all-aufficienl 
of Chriat, were in ]ivi view timply ao Bl: 
obstaclei 10 ibe realisation of tbe evangeUi 
ideal of life. 

Wydilfe had no object ion to the nM of t 
term ' seven saerumf-nt^' but lield thu the: 
is no rniu>n nh 7 1 he woni ' aseraincitt ' shoii 
be limited to Ihutradilionalsunm; and, while 
ho quite admits the uecesaity of aigns and the 






ios of llw twoordninrd bj Chnit liim* 

, _J9 RURV uid mors ttrcnuotulr inaisti-d 

ii[>on theNiDreEas importance ufiiuiriluiil re- 
ligion—of ODedienco to the divine l«w lu i*r- 
•raol •!■() uK'iMl life— and Ihc comparittiTe 
unimpoittncuorG«rpuiontee. EDOtighliaxbonn 
ttiti of his doctrine of tbe inichsriat. It ktpw 
out of sa oppoution to tht* naininalifttic diic- 
trinooTtli* Minihilatiaai of ■ubtianri', wLicti 
ittobv found nT«n in bin 1.0K''^.tb()ui;li Lc- lon|( 
iMvd hi* orthodoxy by hivlil^ t«oliiU»l dis- 
tinetiona. BreiDiiiit^- in ibu simple dminl of 
tbo acliolutic doctrine tlist the nccidnni* rv^ 
nuioed &ft«r the taWtance of ihn i-lrmenls 
had b(«n d«strnv^d by the net nt ih<r prieii, it 
gradiinliy pnBHsl thriiijili a iWlrluo liavinf^ 
•OiDt! affinity lo eoiHubiioiiliation iiilo a view 
which rvollr mnde the nreseiico of Christ a 
■nritu&l preiK-ncc. niid the sacraiueiit a *tgii 
of • Hpintual nsility which depended upon 
Ike HpirituHl coiidilinn of the r<><-ipiint. In 
' r as he atill coniinii^'x 1o ii>i< lh» Ino- 
of Ihp real prcinncf, thnt nroMiiici- i» 
a kind ahich iocs not depend upon ihe 
BMclmnical net ofcotiJifrntioii. In the'Tria- 
lof[iia' ho (iig^^'aln ihnl the I'ucharist might 
uiukr certain circumitunce* be coiio^crntwi 
by la/neu, but hold^ tliat ' it i> docrnt ' that 
it should be conwcrnted by a priist. lince it 
wsatotfapmiipocinllvthnt {*hniit'n iiij unci ion 
■WM diinnlPil. 'IliP lioit may hv udurcd ' con- 
ditionally,' but the body "t Cbi'M uhiuh is 
odoriHl thrnnn in the bodyn-liicli iain hear en. 
Wycliffe usaihi the whole doctrine of n 
'ireasuTjrof merita' dispenseil by pop« ami 
pfvlat'>, and deoies to thn clnrRy all power 
— whi'thirr hT mmnimimicntinjr s gatiH man 
Of bv nb»oIvin(t or iniiulHing a hin! mnn — of 
bCK^anically aHi^RtinK the utvutlun of any 
HBki Confewoii hf held to bt> useful in many 
ySitt, but it should not be vnforceil, nnd 
mieatly absolution was not a nece^ity. 
Bought maMes, indiilgoTicei^ ir prayr* are 
of no arail. Even wh*n thoy are not boiiglil, 
it U bolter to praT for all tni-n thnii for (inr- 
ticularmraons. 'fhcdoptrincof mirifntory he 
lf«T)3(, but inaiiitn much on ihu liujilatiun of 
ou r know ledge ahijMt it. ApuTtfrom I lie leoh- 
nical Reforiuation doctrine of jii'tincHliiii, 
th«i« is little ID llie general jirincipl'''' of tlie 
IiMChinitof the «I ilM'n I h -century prolcslnnta 
which Wycliffe did not anliripaic. fin oi-- 
cepladquile ai cspliritly on they tUc^ »upreme 
•athotity of icripturu. It in perhaps ciiielly 
in hia mediieval principles of i uteri iretal ion 
that he falls belov (he intellectual h.'V-!'] of 
the liefonnalion. Ir th>> iiplriiii.ilily ami 
tlie purely ethical tone of his ti'nehinK he in 
more thoroughgoing than liiH ■uccrmir*, 
whiln hn ■■ mnti> tnoderaln mid itati-jman- 
likeiahi«attitudoIOWard.tpruclicaliiut)atiuua 




— auch ai the iin; of image* or of indiflVmtit 
ceremonien^thouRh perKinally inclined to 
an MiiKtcre condemnalion even of eJabonte 
music. Hiaeiaggerated opposition torterical 
endowments, an e\aggerali<.>ii natumllypru- 
voked by the sitninio socninrisatiou of the 
mediieval church, ia hin nenrcst approach to 
fanatic iaiii. It is ttrantre ilinl, whiln oon- 
demning the nw'ndicBncy of the Irian, ho 
should have advocated a syalem which would 
have prscticulty reduced the nee ulsr clergy 
tu the position of beggars ; aiid his cun- 
demnoli'.iii of wealthy eccl«sift*tieB was loo 
swooping to bring hii scheiiiea within (he 
limits of a wi» and practical itatesmannhip. 
Kvt-n on the purely rclii-iouii side, thi» itx Ira- 
Tngonce — carrying with it the condemnation 
eveiiof iinivemitiesandcolU'gea — ultimatrly 
destroyed the inOuence uf the WyctilGte 
iiioveoient among the educated dergy, and 
reduciHl it to a tlriiggling and almost illite- 
rato aect. But if in hin fundamental prin- 
ciple of lordship founded on grace there is 
somu inlellvcttul confusion (largely dun to 
his acc(^utanco of the foudal lunguasn bv 
which political authority was identitind witli 
proprietsi^ Tight), the confusion itself points 
(o a truth in seeing which Wycliffe waa Wore 
his time. Til* wiirld has generaliy accepted 
Wycltffe'n priucipln (hat polidcal authority 
(prings from ilx tendency to pmmotj) th« 
material and apirilunl good of society at 

large ; it has hardly yel uci^-pled with equal 
explicilu««s the prmciule thnt rishta of pro- 
perty ftre no leas in need of social jualiftcalion. 

Wycliffo'* writing* may conveniently b« 
dirided into Ihren groups, of which the Rrat 
belongs tu hii early life as a Mhontman ; thn 
second lo the (Mrriod of hia dnvelopmrnt in 
which his doctrine of dominion, wit hita con- 
deijueuceii, constituted his chief departure 
from orthodoxy; the third, heginnimf with 
his d<.>nial of IranaultstantiAtion in 1379 or 
1 380 1 (1 ihe cloaing'yeua ot his 1 ife, in which 
he rapidly developod into complete anta- 
gnnif<in (o ihii wfaolu medijsval ajritom ia 
thetilcgv and church goremment. 

VVjcIiffB's works have for the moat part 
reuisined unpublished until a few yean before 
the quincentenary of his dt«(h. The only 
important naception in the " Trialogo*," pyh- 
lisfied under the litlp ' Pialogorum lihri 
([uatuor'at Bile in Ift25. The following is 
a list of the Latin worlM now in print; the. 
dalea must he looked iijion aa approiimalo 
and largely conjeL'tuml : 

I. ' Pf Logics,' w ith a ' LugicieCoitt inuatio' 
(pn"ihly finished in later life); 'Da Com- 
posilioiifl Ilnminin;' ' Xtll Quiestiunes lo- 
gical et philofophicte;' ' D« Ente Prmdica- 
mcntali.' 



-XP 



II, ' Do IticamUkiDe Vcvbi ;' ' DelVitniDio 
DiTiDu' |b*fi>re I3TT, ptKsiblyo'm I3T:2): 
' D« DouiDki CivilV (b«toK 1377): ■ D* Bc- 
clewii,' 13T7-S!'n(rOIBcior»»ioroU,'l3:!i; 
'Do Officio H«gi>i,'I3T». 

III. *Diiilo){u*' or ' ifpMiilum KccImii! 
MiiiUDlu,' I3r»; 'l>e EuchnrirtU," ISr»-«): 
'De 8imu[UB,' I379-H(}; ' Vtr AjKiMasiu,' 

'Dh BUsi>li«miB,'I3m-:J: 'OpiuKikiweli- 
cum,' i. li. (oAMttj nrltUii «fler 137S>); 
•TmIopBS,M*i3. I 

Tho R'llowinti: minnr irorkii inv pHnlod 
togctliM in ' Poldnicnl Worki,' editiHl bj i 
HiidiJi'DxiiV. nnd tnotily IwlcmK In tlicppriod 
l;i«^.l: ■ Ui- FuiulBtiuiK.' HotUrom, 'De 
Unlin«ti<mu Fralrum,* ' I)o Nova l*r»viin- 
cniitiu MHiiilslonim,' 'Dh Triplici Viiieula' 
Auiori»,' ' lie Seplem Doni» Sgiiricua Saaclii' ' 
'Dn QiiotriiOT 8ectis NoTellw,' ' PiinsKi- | 
riani SccNd Oliriirti,' 'Do novii Ordinibux.' , 
' Do Umtiono ct Kcclcsiin I'urjtnlione,' ■ Mn 1 
Diabolo el MiMnlirii tjus,' 'lio J't-lcctionc 
Perfldianun AiitichriBii,' ' Da Sulueiono Sn- 
unje,' ' Du HendaoiiH Fmtruui,' ' Dwrijitio 
fWtris,' 'De Dnmonio Mfridiano,' ' D» 
Diiobiw OfQeribiii Ilarniironini,' 'De Brli- 
Itioaibuii Vanii ^Innonlioruni,' ' 11i< pTfiu:- 
tiono8utii>,''Ilpl[rli|liniii>l'riviiU,'Kii.,'Un 
Citationibui,' ' Da OUiiMiiioni.' I'apanim.' i 
'Cramln,' ' I>* Chri*lo ul nuo Adrrnnrio 
Aiiti-clinstu,' * De Coiit rnriutulo DuuruiD 
Douiiuoniiii,' • Qiiati uor IiuprtKWlitiiie*,' ■ Du ' 
Auli-chri«to' or 'Opue r;v(in(rpliciiiii.' lit. 
13S4. Thnrc am nlio futur volume of ' Scr- 

Ail tbn Nboi-o publiihiMl wdtW n|ipimT in 
tbe Wytljf Sociely publicationa e»«jit the 
'TriatoipiB,' wLichliaa bMiii edit«(l bv l>Mb)«r 
(OxforJ, l(*(lSi).«nJiliP'noUIBcio!^torali' 
by rlie »si»r' wlilor (l^flipxi^, 1883). 'Hio 
mire iTalinnatic ihiHilnicicnl work* wrri> in* 
tcndwl to form jinrt of a wnuiL-ctfti ' Smnma 
in TbMiIaniB,' the' ' Du Vuiuiiim Diviiio ' 
bL-!u|; iiitviidiid OH un ialroduL'tiuii, and ibv 
fulluwiiigtn'<'lvtf book* arritngi-d a» rollowti; 
'I>H MiiiKlnlia Diviciiit,* '1)n Sisiu Inno- 
cciitiip,' ' Di" nominio Civil i,' i. ii. iii., " f)r 
V«TrilBto Xnirnp .Script urn-,' ' !)<■ Kptlcsia,' 
• Do Officio H.-jni',' ' Dp I'otcitalt- I'upic,' ■ IJe 
Sinonin.' ' I'l- B!n<pbt'niin.' 

For cuinptettf Imrs ul' llie v^rjr numoroiu 
ir«irk»a»riljiitedl'>\Vj'i.-liffr reference should 
bcmade lu S!iirl'<v*ii'UnialoKiiR<>f llxiVVorba 
of John W_vi:lit'.'nifor<l, IRM, nnd the old 
caialogue* publiihcd in tho ' I'oIcmicnJ 
Works.' 

Tbe p*>n'i>neiu.'>a »f auin(-of tlie lul^rtmct* 
in DO [loubt itnprovHblcs iliuugh ibey inii»i 
hai» boon piucluci-d under WycViffn'i immo- 
dlu* inllu«iic« : but a strong and conniniunt 
tradition and llie sinking individunllty of 



^^'ycIil1'l:'• iljlc do not allon- ut ta watte- 
laiii • uTiiMu doubt about any of hi» tnan 
canaiidvmUii wrilinBB. A few of tbo Ei^ 
liili wroriu of the tefarmer w«rv publilU 
eailv.MpMiaUvl)icvefV{inpuIartnict knows 
na ' WycliSu'* '\Vyok.>«'' ( Nur^inUi^), l&W, 
nnd tDUiysub««qDi>Dt«diiions; btit aQ them 
ubieh can witb any invhsbilitjr be ucriM 
to tbo rcfoTmiT are to bi- fnuad in tbc frj' 
lowinc mirki: 'Tbiwr Twti»ci of John 
Wydiir«.D.D.,"«d.Todd. Dublin. lSh\ : the 
' Select Biwtiah Works of Wrclif.' «lit«l br 
T. Arnold (Oxford. I»ei»-7l ),"aad •Tbr Enj- 
\uh Work* of WyrlifhitbeftOunpri]ii*d.'liT 
F. I). Mttlbow, fioadon, It^^O (Early Zof- 
li*h Text Soc), wkoao introdiKtion i» a 
valuable caalTilMlian to the biognpby of tb« 
reforaer. 

jTha mMt imprntant ort(1nal aotbttritiva tv 
VhrrltlEt'a life are : lb* c4lr«ttoD of ilnn— iH 
nad uarmiTM kta«t WjcliSb aod WmIiSim 
m1l«d pMdrnli J^uuiomn, attnbattd. to tb* 
CnnitalltH Thoma* Smut of Walika (oftM 
■t)r1<>J n'aldvn), td. Sliirlvy, Loudon. ISU: 0» 
CliMuicoa Aa^liw. auetor* UonncLa qn»(iB 
Sancli Albnni. id. Haanila Tbotnpma, Loote. 
IS74 (nil lurly Rnntiiih trandation o< pan. if 
thiti ituik «&■ pnblisbtd in AiebKola|:i«, tSIt), 
ihc lliitorin Anglicann ei Thomaa VftUia^ium, 
>d. Riley, London, rol. iii. 18*9. en* of thr— it 
roiiH rt^nlitiiii!)) nf ilie Cbn>ni«oD AidKa Md 
the priricip&l ■uuiee of ihaaoeoiuit* ^VjdSSi 
till (lie rof col recDVcty of tb* Cbnnicoa AifW 
r*(* iindar arl. WAUMoMaa, Taoiiu]; tk> 
Olironioon of Urniy Kni^toa, Boak of Lmasm. 
ed. Lamby. London, rol. ii. 189ft, which nplir 
monti lliD Chronicon ADgllr. hat ii coafafipiit 
climnoIoKy; iii' tirTii~rr, ntnnlilii miiTnnUi 
trian «oiT»<'tir* loE,h»anti-t«>eaaiuianSl.jUI«oi 
«hroaidcn. nnd iw Wmtf written in ttwi ctnatrt 
moil affivtid by WTirliAlnn. Th« CaaliB»i'i' 
of ihfi Kulo|[mni llti'toriiifuiu, Londoat Tn^ ''^ 
1863, I* uftqu T«rf istuubla far tbe gaiMal^»- 
eoi^ (oil tho alma ni« piiMJihrt In iba RcOa 
Sonoi). Olbcr rhrunicli** of coane add dMUib 
iw lo Ilia |{eiiiin>l hiniuty. I>iit aot nnehalMat 
Wydtflb pDrannnlly. Aiuons the«iri!*r ■ebotuB 
who h«va written an WxdiSe't Life, it Wu br 
«nnui[h to nnnttan Pon ■ nook nJ Slanjti. fi 
An Agi'ilivta for John Wyrliffr, ^owm« hb 
TOufunnilir with the d<« ChurFh of Re(hD>d.t7 
Thomiu Jnine* [q. v.], Odbrd, 1608. Avaf 
tnaroar lau *TflMnal>c Moftilapliim lIumaatiK- 

EirUntun: ^ arilliui'* HirtiqiadnWiclaOuiiv^ 
yona. I6SI. traaslatodbyEarliwy ittTb«P» 
uodod Rcfanner*. f^mdoD. 1717. ■ libd «i1ti 
tbio batida of unrblnl fiiclii- Lavis'* HlMcn d 
ih* I.ifa and tlalbrinni of John Wyetifl^ Loa- 
diio, 1 730 (nlliOT editions Loaded. 172.1. CtiUA 
I8ID); K. VungliJiii'. John da Wycliffe. D.I), a 
Monogtapli. Lcoidon. IBM. nod Tbe Lib lad 
OpiniannorJoba da WyolilKi. London. IKa,BU 
Imc liitin to Lcvn ; Shirley** TnloahU inlitrfi^ 
lion to bii edition of tbt Fucieati ZiMaiomi 



d 



fiiihrioffw'* JolunDu TOD Wjkliffo in Die Vor- 
iifiiiMi<iii<ii iLm rifinaliiiun and (iinfitehnlcD 
JkhrbandtTii^ lAiiricb, I8JSE (rouimtuiiic i>n rU- 
IfontUitudjof hii thcoiagr]: LMhltr'i Joluiuu 
TOD WIclif mill din Var)(r*chichti> ilcr Itefbr- 
gmiion. Lci|«>ic. 1871 (Riii(l- tnLntl.. Jnha 
WieW Aod hn EnBliA Prfcarjom, by Liirinitr, 
IR78. uid I8SI und I8lt4 ^ thii <b nt prwut 
til* niMt linpiirtani nnilinnty fur ^'jclitlv'* life. 
Alid [he hilk'xt acvoiiuC o( lii> n;)iiii'>Dt) ; R. L. 
Pool*'» Wjrliffo aad ySavmrnit for Brform, 
Ixindna. IUSO (Dr. Poole hu a\vj dmlc witll 
Wy^IiOp'v po1rli«ii4l»ii>Iii{;i(al Aieinaet \a his 
lUonrBlioiu of tb« lliat. of Mwliumtl Thoiijrbi, 
London. IS«i). Vmoyn't Wjellfa I'iaet in Hi*- 
Mtj. l.ondon, 1881 ud ISX-I; Bnddeiwicii'B 
JabaaB Widif und •f<in<' 7^it, Uutlm, 148^. and 
Ji)hs Wklif Bi I'litriot. nn<\ Ucforini-r. Lunilun, 
l«a» (botJi .liorL -Fcmohrifloii' forthe Wyctiffo 
QuiiiC'iti-HHry) ; Vutliur'i Jolin Wyplyff, D.D.. ' 
••*i«L>e«<iuiTi'B. ■) ductriuo, PirW. I88n ; Sir- 
HAMM'b John VfwUt. Urt it Ihs Spb™iltnr.'« nnd 
«nl of ihc Enefiih lUfonnnni, Xow Y-irk. USE'S 
— s )i>pii1)ir wnrli. I>, M. TrRTflyan'* Ago of 
"VryrliSf. lgg% Ub Ihoro'ieli^ndlirilliantiilcidy 
ot iho hixoiy of iho pcrioL Mpocifjly from Ihe 
EKilitinl KtiJ •orIkI iKiInt of n«w. Tlio folloir- 
ng Mudira uf WydiflB'* iliwlo)^ may al*" )io 
»Mkcd : Ji<OT'« Jobn Wj^liBo ond leiixi H»- 
■teataait flir dia IMormalion, Itnlti^, 18-U: nnd 
I,e«»iH'« 1>ii> lli«ol. IliirlTln <l>i» Ji>hnnfi WycliA* 
io tb«ZTil«lmnfardi»liisl.Tli>.'ulL>i{tn. l,ui[ffii{;. 
IH^Goad IStT. Tbo doiiandoDwof Hum upon 
WycIilCi i» ihown tiv LdMrl.b in Hii* nnd 
■Wiolif. Pnteuv, 1884, 'KokI. Ii-htisI. (Wii-lif and 
Uai}, by U. J. Er.iiii, LonJoii. lS8t. Many 
imiKntiutt. coiTcctionii of iho oUor bio^npbitB 
nra lu 1x1 found in I>r. P'W'tK'x wnrki, lUid in 
viuiou* aiticlw and pntfum by Mr. F. D. Mm- 
ibow.saiQDof vhieb«ra quoted nbave.) 

■ IL B-t., 

■WYCUMBE, ^\^^I.l.\M (j. neb), 

biogmphcr. [.Sec Wilmam.J 

WYDDEL. ORROllN (/.I2«)l,foiind«.r 
of vnrioiij WcUh fnmilifi. [Her. (laiioKs.j 

WYDEVILLEor WYOVILLB. [Sfl« 

W001)VIH.H." 

WYDPORD. wn,T,TAM op (Jl. 1390- 
141 1 >. opponeot of WyclilTe. [Sett Wooo- 
ronti.] 

WTDOW, ItOBEItT {d. 1505\ pool and 
miiAiciaii, waa born nt Thaxtnl, l^ucT. Ilia 
al'-pfoLliei', R «choa!ma«IrT, iilucatcd bint 
and wDi him Io Oiford. IIt> la tlu? lirat r^ 
MndAd boldnr vf tbe <leOTM of BaetiHl/fr uf 
Mtmentlltfinnl; in IWW he wm incorporated 
•I Csmbridtir. Aftir hia »t*nfatlii>r'» il«atb 
Wydow n-tiimcd to 'rbn-'i:t<'d nnd >uc.iwiidnd 
btm a.t nuultr of tb« bcIiohI, bi-ivitniiiK nian 
TJc&rof Tbultfdon Ki I'cc, USl. lU: vp- 
tigaei liie Living on I Oct. 1489, and *<xau 



to liaT« trarrilod about this IhiM in Frnnou 
And Itnlv. BociduK bcios probolity apnuintod 
pMiilenliary in St. Paur* Cttibednil, iiu wna 
colluttid nctur of Cbulfout St. GiIm on 
18 Xov. Hft\ l>o 27 M»Kh \ii/7 h» wm 
iDud>) cruioii >n W'elU Ciii.bcdrnl ; unit nft«r 
T.be dnn'h of Henry Abyn^on on 1 Sept. 
succ«rd«d him &e BuPCcoltir. (>n SI Owl 
I4S9 he '<nu gmntcd I he vicaroK'' of Chew 
Uajnift, and tn tlic fulluvinj; rtur vroa in- 
Btftllitd Hubdoan and prt^livndarvof Hulcomb* 
Buruell. )Ih wiia al^> ' ^cru1Alordomorum,' 
librarian, MneMbal, nnd aiidilnr of t]i» 
cbapt«r-hQiiM> at WnlU. (Ilbir prnfrrmonta 
grsRWd him miro Uik ndvcmiunof Wookny 
and the porpocual rit-'ura^ of lluckland 
Newton ; Ibuui may have bi-pii in recognition 
i>f bii oppointmi'Dt an deputy for tlic traniK 
notion of biiain(-»>< li(it«eeu tb«i pop« and 
the 0Htilii?dr8l of W>ll». H* diiid i>n 4 Oct. 
lul.1*', lieiiii.'aThinjr on«idflrahln property to 
tbe Cnrthutiiana of Hnnlon; n n'ouirm wn* 
ordi-ivd to bo BuiiK in tvcry Citrlliiuian 
iDOnnilcrv in Bn^lnnd. 

Wydow vtTole tomu Iiattn puenii (not 
hnovru to be i.-itun1\ iDctudiD^ a liTe of the 
Black Prinw nnd a book of epigrams. Ed- 
ward L*e, ftfcfibisboii of Vork.wliohad kniurn 
W'ytiow, rnliyhisn yacilf priHerjHi among llio 

C'f» of his day ; nnd he i« al«o colohmti'ii by 
land and lIoliuBbol. Non<?uf biBrounicnl 
compoBilioti* nre lueiilionpd; but if W'iJIUla 
(^omyitabe [q. v.] tame from Wella, as lb(!t» 
in tome r«woii tu suppoae (a Thomaa Comiah 
•uictvultMl Wydow as wctorof Chew, Wfwn, 
Athene^, ii. wS). Wydow may hnTv had a 
connidernhln inflnnnw in prnporing the way 
forthogivattcboolofKliiaU.abiui tompdwr*. 

(GrDTt'a Dif I. ofMiurie nndMiuicinna.ir.SlTi 
nnd* Cntaloip", p. 1»i-, Atdy WU1i«ni(> 
DogrcfB in MubIo. p^. SO, 65. 119. ISl, IH; 
Davfy'» Biit. of Engiuh Hniic, p. 81.] 

n. D. 
W1"ER, IH'BIiKT (rf. 1630-Ifl5a), 

priiitiT, belonged to n famify Huuie memben 
of which were «pltled al Weiidover in 
BuckinKbiniAl.Jh? Ifiif. Kill, 33 Hen. VIII, 
pt. vii.) John Wyirr, wlio diftd in IM3, 
bold at X^'i^ndivnr n hoiiM calUd ' Th« 
Maid(^hi<ad ' and holf an aci* of Uud thnn*. 
Ilia will ntaku no niL-nlion of Hnbiiri. Ed- 
ward \\'yiT of Weudovur. f^ndic.in of thii 
John, bouj^ht of tho printer, Itii'bard TotI«l, 
in 1579 'ihu Thn* CraoM iu tbe Vinirr,' 
London (Chaniriii P^imviiHr/ii, ij Elif. No. 
4fl). Tt i* poMibln that John of Wendover 
waa idrnticnl M*ilh n i^ on temporary printer 
of thn iiamn, who ihuihI in IfiOO, at iRn aign 
of ' St. John tbe Kvanjjeliat in Fleet Street, 
in St. Bride's C'hiuvhyatd, over agaiiut tbu 
Conduit,' Bale's 'PwaphttM of tlM Book oC 



Wyer 



an 



W^yeth 



lievpUtion.' Tbe liouse occu^ed hj J^m 
Wvnr llio printer liud formerly bem in th« 
[lOMHiijioii uf u iiriiitvr iiAurd John Dutlfir, 
nod lo Duller J oil u Wver mav hnTn tcrvad an 
npjirt'TiticMilii)i ; he ii not UDOWti to have 

fiililtalied Hiiv other book tiion that bv Italu. 
lolM^rt Wjfi'r W03 proliably n oenr n-Inlive. 
According to HfrUrt. Hubert Wjer began 
lit- an a a«rTaiit tu liicliard Fawkoi', a ]>nDt«T 
und [lublinher, wb) lived in nurham ItPiit*, 
(ilusFbTl-'urbaiu I1oiim>, in tbntitrand(Aui3, 
od. Itibdio, iU. 3J56). Wbfn Itobitn Wyers 
appranticwbip nndi'd hn ap^otently wothed 
With liicham I'ylinr.n [q. r.j Olio uf I'jii- 
XMi'ii popular piiblicntious, 'Soluuioii and 
MnrcotpbiiK,' wtii deocribed u buiiig on wilo 
nt t!io »inii of 'St. Jobii the Kvanj^riiit nl 
C'linring L'roiw,' iu premiiu'* llint fonni'dpart 
of tbo reutftU of Norwirb Kimiu, iirnr tho 
Bit* f'f tbc ppcw^nt \'iUiiirm Sin*t. To theiw 

SrcmiuM llobert Wyur nuuci't-ded about the 
Bte of I'yiuon'i death iu IS'iSl. Wyer'* 
rrv»«iucerlBitilyesiabliiilieit thi'rcin l>VtO. 
I iiipORiiblelb«t he bocight l'jn»tiii'« plant. 
Tbo LouKB WHO tery ni?nr llicoHici; of Kioliard 
FhwIim, flllvgi>d 10 b<> bin old mofiler, with 
wbom he teoinii, wbm In bumneBH ua bis own 
Bccoiint, to bavti muintaiued i^lose relations, 
Fawkc* printed tor bim an oat fonornii-iil 
tnatitn nttributed to Arislolle, cntiiW ■ Db 
OuTMonn Limo' ^n. d,); nft^r l-tSii Wynr 
rapruitod two editions of tbn work at bii 
own presB, under the titio of ' Nature of the 
dayi'Bof the woke." In 153tilbf properly of 
which Wyct'd pnjmiw-ii formed part paiw-d 
from ill* Whop of Nurwitli to CliArle* 
IJrandon, dukn of t^uffolk. who held it till 
his death in 15»o. Accordingly, ftfi"r I53B 
Wycr in his publicalionii di'sc.ribod liin ad- 
drcBi Ba 'the i)uke of Wuttolk'i' rent*.' in- 
stead of ' the Bishop of Korwieh'a renli.' 
lie eijuliuucd at w«rk in tin- same uremises 
till I'JW, wbpn liP was sutceeded by N'iclioltw 
Wy.T, doubtlf** n relative, who in IBfWwM 
kintaelf iiriri^iipdiKl by Thoiiitw Colwcll. 

S«ven dintinct fount* of ivpo wx-fe rm- 
ployed in Wyer'a [iriiiiinit-oltiwt. Ilii de- 
vice wiLt B pictuw of St. John the Evbujtb* 
lilt, bareheaded and dretied iu a loufi roue, 
nealed under a tren mi an island aurroiiuded 
by water, and writinn on n scroll spread 
Ov«r his right knne; at bis riaht hand nn 
«a^1u with outitrclebed wings nolda nn ink- 
well in i^a bcnk ; iu ibu Mckgniuud is u 
city with towcra and »pim; bolow, the 
printer's name, ' Kohrrt Wyitr.' in j'romi- 
ncntly displnyvd. In nomo specimens of t by 
dcrice the eoitte U omittnl. A stt uf tiuiall 
woodcuts which WyKrcoiialantlyiotrodiie^ 
into his works were copied from blocks n»od 
ij Autouw Verard, the Fr«uch printer, io a 



. I :_:>:^l I 




1490 edition of * Uawit.' Some good initiil 
tett«r* freqitentl^ tanplofed bj Wyer cIokU 
re«emblt!d thoM m commoa um by W jnkyn 
deWorde, Moatof lusbookabebothpHnied 
•od publislieil, althcnigti a few were prioied 
by him for Otlwn 10 publufa, and nn* or iwn 
weri! printed by other* fiar hiin to pabUib i 
am<in)t those boolcMlloni or ^ublisben who 
avnilnl tbemielvatafthcaerTiceBof ht«i wi 
were Richard Kcle, Hiebard Bauckee, Ilauy 
Dabbe, uud John Goodall. 

Ono of Wyer's moat elaborate books wit 
■ translation of ChrirtinB de FSsan'e 'C. 
(ly*tor?c»of Troyr.'n.d. (after l-'>96>. It i» 
copioimlr illuAlrated nitli woodcut*. Tha 
trBnalation was possibly the work of Wy«r 
biiDSelf. Other inttrtealiuj; pabli(«tkiu_ 
were: Andrew Borde's ' Boke for to letnei' 
Dinii to be wjne,' ii.d. (aOer 1630); Erssmu 
' ICpiMle on the Sucmment ' (n.a.>, bis • C 
Tcmnnce of soode hnltho' (two undati 
edition*), and bis 'l-'ibortncion,' n.d. (ti 
1536); Lonl Bemwn 'Costell of " 
' imprvnted by me, liobert Wver, for K> 
Kele.'u.d. [IM-Jf]: 3Ioultou'a • GUfae 
Ueltbe ' (three undated editions). 

One hundred books are deacrJbeJ by the 
bibliographer Herbert in bi« edition of 
.\mi» ■ ' Typogmnhical AntiijDitiea ' as b«V- 
injt come from Wyer's priMa. Fifty ai* i| 
the British Museum, and others arc in il ' 
Bodleian Libran'. llie Cambridge L'nivt 
LibraiT, aud the Lambeth Library; 
wveraf have not been trswd of late 
Only eleven of Wver'«pubiicBtion«a» dot"!. 
The earliest dated booK, Richard Whvif<i:>r6 
'(Jol<lcnI'ystle,'nppenn!iJin l-Wl. Fonr 
of Wycr'i publiciitioiia mention W^ 
dweUiujt Bs ' in the Bishop of Norwicklj 
Tents,' which impliu* that they were amli 
taken bofure luSS, when tli« »l»o« nenv. 
the newde*igaationof 'IbeDiinofSulIvIk'* 
n-nii ; ' that farm of oddrcM flgatt* on ihir- 
ti-cn of Wyer's Iiooki, which muat aceordiaglr 
be dnled nfler iri36, 

[A rcry full nnd ndmimblc Bwonat of Wj»t 
apiKinr* in ' Itotwrt VVyer, Printar awl Bmk- 
sntlnr,' a l*fVT raid iHifur* iJie BiUiogmpUal 
Soaictyuu 21 Jan. 1806 by Henry B-Fbtxr. 
prirnicly printed in Tolnm* forpi for tli* BiMio- 
grnphicnl fV'ieiy in 1BB7, with facaiBulN uf 
tjpf* aii'l duvims. 8m also Adm'b Tno* 
grupbicol ADtiquitiM, «d. Herbert and DiMin} 

& I. 

■WTETH. JOSEPH Cl«J3-1731),qMk« 
wrilt'r. Son uf Henry a[id Sarah Wyiitli,wai 
bom on 19 Sept. liit}3 iu the parinfa nf St. 
Saviour, Soutbwark. Tie became a anceaw- 
ful mercbaol of l.«ndon, and was lh« antW 
of several controTerriol works. Ilie dutt 
ia' Anffuisi'LigvUatux: or sSwitcli fotUit 




Wyke 



"S 



Wykeham 



Snalro. Bting nn nmwrr lo Ihc Third aiut 
Ijui Edition of tbe j^nnku in thu(.tra«'<by 
ChulM Lcilie Tq. t.]), London. I60». ^ro. 
To thia a nuppfi-meDi was added by George 
'1VluWbe*d[q.r.],Iowb<uw'AiitiJol<.'ft{ia'in]it 
dw Venoin oftlie Snnki- in the (iniu ' Wrnlh 
ktij sIm writinn wliat In; calln * An Appen- 
dix' nrMnu<'i(tliou4c)i publi»lipd«,'prirm<--ly) 
Antitlrd ' Primit ivi- Olinatiiiiiit j continued in 
tbc t'&ith aud Prnctk- of tbr People Wlled 
Qnakun,' Lonilou, Kt!'^, ^vi>. Of all tbe at- 
UelCB upon earl; iiiifth>>risni, l<e)>li<>'« 'SnAkn 
in the OriLu ' wna thi- matt rriktonrd, and it 
pratnkddt.iin^crcalut niirabi-TorrrpiiM. Tbe 
• Strilcb ' woB (inswc-rcd by itii.-bard Mutlirr 
.T.]. 'Primitivo Cbnitiaiiitr ' by PraliciB 
ngg [a. v.], B«itb«r of tbein beinc an oppo- 
nent of luucb weigbt, Wyoth itTsii coiilri- 
butod ' An AnswfTto ■ linttfY from Or. Ilrny/ 
Ldndon, 1700, 4lo, and ' lUiniithi nn l)r. 
Qray'* Memorial,' l>iu don, I7<)l,lotbcoppo- 
•iCion orgnnitrd by Uii' uunkvn aDaiusl tbi.- 
Mtabliihnwnt of a Hl&te churcb in AUryUnd, 
wbicliTboniasBray[q.v.].coninii88aT7-genO' 
nl, auccciedod in carcyin^; ihrougb tbo Eng- 
lisJi parliAiDPnt in 1701. 

Il« WR« for twontT years a frii-nd of 
Tlioimnii Idliroud [q-v. j, wboac ' Life ' he pre- 
pannl fur the pruii, adding a tupplemeut, 

trt-fui'^, aud Ubltograpliy to tho fint edition, 
7H, ^v.i. For tbo pwpratinn of this be 
paat^ iu review ninny li^Mnr* and docu* 
ment« wfaicb hnd fnrm>^r1y b>-tnnf[iKl to 
Milton; thn mo«t impoitnnt (if ihrm wero 
aftrriranljipubliiliedbyJcIm Xiokulla [q. v.], 
wba bid at one liuiu bi>eii ujiprtuticed to 
Wyeli. 

He alio published ' The Adii-iiian Snciiiy 
onTail'd. or their Ignomnre nnil ICnviniin 
Abotinff of tkn Cjiinkrrt dirliHitrd end rr- 
nrttlwaiied,' Loudon, Itm:.'. fnl.. nnd 'A 
Vindkntion of \V. 1*. [ V\'illiaui I'l^nn] from 
the Brroiiiou* aud FaLsuTr^timouyofTliomas 
Budd. Being an Answer to a tfaeet of his 
VDlilled "A Teatimooy for Truth against 
Error,* London, Ifid", 8vo. 

Wvcth di«i of foveron fl Jan. i;30-l,Bnd 
WB« tuned al ibe I'nrk, U'orcc^.iter Street, 
Soulbwark, on the IGth. HIji wife MarKarnl 
dt«datTo(tpDhani.a^[17l], on l3Sept.r749, 
and was buried ivilb Ler husband. 

[Smith's CalA](fua.ii. 904; Wyvth'i Work*; 
Whiitaffa Owalfvue. nos. p. 316; yirkollo'i 
Original Slato Paprre. p^F^^l«^ p iv -. Ktltruwrs 
I^fe; Regiitcri nl Doioniliin Homo: White- 
baad'cChriiituin Ptoktwil p. fl8(r.] C. F. S. 

WYKE, Stii CIIAIfLES LENNOX 
(lftIS-lP(i>7), diplomatist, bom on 2 Sept. 
ISlfi, was tho MH of Oeorft" Wyke, of 
Robblentoti, i'Mnbrokuhiic, oaptain in the 
grenadier gunrda, by hi* wifis Charlottti, 

VOL. LZIU. 



daiijfhter of F. Mnyiick. lie wan a licn-i 
ttmAal in Ihe royal fuiilien, aud aftvnrardt 
a eaptaiu on the king of Flanvrer'aalaCr. In 
11^7 be wiM appoiinted vic»-consul at Port/- 
au-Prinoe, and in 1^2 consul-oieuenil ini 
t'i>nTmI .\niericn. On S\ Occ Is-'A he waf J 
npnointpd e.hiiTgt d'nffnirei, nnd on 8 AngJ 
lt*5» bewiis nominali^Jruvoyeitraordinafy.j 
In the snmeyt^nr he was gazptled C.B., and] 
on 2S Jau, 18'jl!l ««« n<inoved lo Mcxicaf 
as minister nl'^ninoii'iilinrf in tlin republie^l 
andcreat*d K.r.ll. on23Mfiy. OnSOJunal 
IBSI Junrex woi clootcd prcnidnnt of iba 
MosicAn ropnblic vitb dictatorial pownra. 
and on IT July iba COngrNS auHpendod pBy> 
menl of public bonda fortwoyears. InooB- 
saqueoee France and England brok« ot 
diplomatic rwlntiona with tbe r«pub1ia on 
2. July, and Wtke left tho citv of Menlco 
in Drcpinber with all his ttafT, iut mmnined 
in Mexiw) to carry ou tbe BegiWintion* con- 
uei^ted wltU the joint iulervention of l£n^J 
land, France, and Sjiaiu. Wheu ihu deaigal 
of Frauce, howeier, to subvert tbe Mexi- 
can government became appareni, England 
nnd ^piun withdrew firom tne alliance, aadj 
Wykn returned home. On 19 Jan. 1866 b»l 
wo* accredited to Hanover, but in Septem- - 
bwhiamiMion wraa cut short by the .\urtTi>- 
PruB^ian war and tbe Hnnexulion of Han- 
over by PruMin. Tn the followiujc ^ear ha 
was nppoinied (on IB Dec.) raini^ler at 
Copennnffon, whcm berrmninod for fuiirtoon 
yean. In AuRuit 1875* he ira« cn-nl''d 
tJ.C'.M-CI., and on 'J2 J uiie l«^l he Km Iram- 
fetrod to Portugal, when? ho rumuined till 
thticlo»eof bisdiplonijiiioeareer. He rHiret* ' 
ou a pension on '31 Feb. 1^84, and wa 
nominatiid n privy eouncillor on fi Feb. 
1 SSfi. Wvke dit'd unranrrifld on 4 Oel. 
li^r? at hla Kcidonoo, 33 Cheyn« Walk, 
CluJwa. 

[Timo*. t Oct. IS07: Barkc'a Paemga; 
FonUra Pttonga ; Hnydn'n Rook of lliicnltifn.! 

WYKKHAM, WILLL\M ok' (i.lSl- 
1404). bishop of Winchnler nnd chnni-ellor 
of Enaitiud, louli his nnine from Wickham, 
nuHT Farebam, Uampchire, where he was 
born in ibo summer of 1324. llin uioiber, 
Sibill llowndn, had some gentle blood, but 
hi* fncber, John Ijong, i» merely detcribed 
na of flee condition (I.<)wni, .\pp. p. i; 
MoREBLT, p. 3-23). They wetv pooir, and 
Wykehnm whs seut lo aeboolat 'tVincbeatsr 
by some unuHmed patrons, pcrbanx Sir Ralnh 
Sutlon and Sir John fs;ur«i (lord of tlio 
tiiATior of Wickbaml, for whose touls hu 
lonK Bdnr ordnrttd nias^s to be said in bis 
college*. (.)n leaving ncbool he became 
•ecretiiry to tho eoiHtubla of Wbchoilvr 



■ 



W'ykeham 



3i6 



\\'ykehaTn 




miirrwnll. AbcTgwili, and i.U 
Brcni ID th«t jvor, u)d at I.inGola, 
WdU.and HMtiagiin 1X2 (MoDtsLt. ^ 
•17). He Daw look orders, bring oniai&rtl 
acolyic oafiDw«. 196I,&udpriMiofil£Jn> 
foltowiuf. Tw«lre moollu afitr iSS Mijt 
ISS3) ht htctam arckdMMM of Linooli. 
Ito «l«o bold fbjr ^upoanlioti) tbc Conwh 
lifing of Ueniumiot, and prcbi^nidi at 



Outle. uid about t>'M7 pMicd into tlie 
roTiil KrvtM (i'^. n. 3241. Tboij«li aot vrcn 
in Diinoc oideiw tic vmi mudv king's clia^ 
Inin, and pnuvnti^d in I^IiMo tb? t«<^0(^ of 
InlL-nd, >')rrol)t. In Muy I35<i b« jwcwTod 
till- Dpjioiiilniml (•{ cleric irf lb« roj«I worke 
itt IIhqIi^ and Eil«thitrap*Ii-ad, and ibortlf 
lifter (itt) Oct.) b»canic nmr of the •urrcvon 

of Ui« work* M WindMT (i6. p^ SI), lie loiun ui juuuunuui, ■ 
alio paid for th« kcrp of Uw Mug's dogv Hb and BridjieiioTia. Tltc {ilumliii 
aad aokl hi* draught bone*. Thm jtmn turn ordfrud m I300t)ionr«d bim in c , , 
later Edward IIX Biipointcd dim joinl Mir- numt of t>T^uirficp« (o ib« annu*l TaliW^ 
Teywr of Wndwi- Fortn and <;hief waidcn 8"8A 8*. Srf, (Lownr, p. SSi. np r**i; 
and aiirT«yorof IberovnlcMitlrinf WindMr, < M«<iheaic4 as Krictly ioHnnpAl itil<- 
Iieeds, Dov«r, Dnd Iladlcigfa. ){« luper- { mialher Ciir« of souU, and lltn prebrcd 
intraded thn oroetion of the new rojil flridfjunorlb (3l0MiIU.T, p. 313). Ilia 
•partnMnU eut of the gn;nl kwp «l Wiud- - — - 

MT, and uf ihu new cssiIh in the iaie of 
Rbvppcv callnl QueenboTOugh aftor Queen 
Pbilippa (ib. pp. 316, 336; C%m». Anylut, 
I. 41)- But (be aMumpIion that bi> wm 



Iki' archit«ct Bith<rr of tbeac buildinci or of 
tboM ha afterward* nndi-rtook on bin oini 



ccptooo! of Pulbiun, port of tbe i 
lemjiunlitiea of Bishop Liale of Elj, tB- 
volvifd bim in a prooM'ulion la ibe paptl 
court, and hia preanilation iv^ th« etowa 
ID the Lich&«1d prebeod of l-ntston doriac 
a vnrniicy of thr. *** was (toutlr rad*tM 
bv ihn admlniftratar and tlie dewt sdJ 



KCOunt iccm* IiaieU'H (JiCKMS, Chtcreh •^ ebaplcr. Thn kinfi'* pei»i»tein.-i.' triiuopbml 
Sf. Mary, p. 117: Trrina. H.I.B.A. vol. iii. in (■ad) case, bul la 1361 AVyhrhaia quietlf 



1887; vf. Pnx»ediiiiif 'if ArehmiU^nd Iit- 
ttilulf, 1^6, pp. Ij6 «^q.) lie umially etn- 
ploj'ed \^'illiani A<t Winford in tbnt capacit j 
( BrBBow*. pp. 80, 320; Cal I'atrnt KolU, 
Kic. 11. ii. Si3: l.KACH, p. \m). 

Frani l:jCSl Wvkrlinm wut ji>int wanton 
of tile for«ti Huuili of Trent aitd took ft 
grawii^ aharu in alatv buiiinc»«. lie wit' 
noaaod th« mtiGcAlion of Ihn trnitj of 
^fti|^y at Calaii in Oeiobcr i:JtlO, bccamn 
keeper of the privy teal (S Mnv I'itil), swro- 
tary i« the king, and one of thu ouminis' 
noaerfl nppointi^ (Mar 1300) to come to 
aa unditrftandiiift wirb Scotland. Sueb 
ivaa hi* influfncL' ivilb the kiog thnt hii 
•neniua nftrrrwiLtd* dMcribed him n* bnving 
boen at thin period 'chinf of tbo privy 
council niid goTrrnor it thn arvai cnuncU ' 
{liOwni, p. ICM). • EviTviiiinft w»a done 
UTODgb nim, and without Iiuq nothing 
waaiwne' (PBoiWtBl, viii. 101). Incon- 
nderatioo ta bii 'ticeftjivo UbourR nnd ex- 
pcoH*' ou the king's privnia biuinew bo 
reo*i«diuiexiraBllownncnof niiound aday. 

But churcb prwfornnint wo« the ii.iunl and 
obMper way of rpwording tliu labour* of 
10 valuablo a royal sernLnt. Wvkebam 
came to bo a mighty pluratiat. Tue kiiig 
save bim the rich living of Pulham in tlie 
diow*c of Ely iu IS9T, a prebend at Tjich- 
£e!d in 1S09, and the dcnnpi; ofSl. Mnriin- 
Ic-Gnuid (wboee chapel and rloiilrr bn 
i«built)in 1380. Thn clEricnl raortalitynf 
the plagae ydtr ISSl brought him a wiiolr' ' 
obower of rnvbond*, at St- Paul'), HcKford, . 
SaLi«bury, PI. David's, BoTCTley, Bromyard, 



1 



naigned Pulham. and «icb8i>p-d 1 br CAnmy 
at LicbSeld for a l«a« cnnientious one it 
Southwell. NeTWtholeu ii haj> h««n atpi 
that tiiMP epi«od«a wm» renemlx-ccd apnai 
him at .\ngnon when he was propoMd b 
a bi*bopric. On the uthor bend, we (*1 
the pop*^ making oiie of Wykeham'a !•- 
flurnce witb the Ifiog in 13n3 and 1 ' 
and Edwsid'a eKuIpatkiB of bis mini 
w I'rban in a Urtter of 1S88 nnad fl 
have n-finvncc to thfi mcrnt arreat of 
papnl chnmbfrhun {h'adtra, \'\. 430, MS; 
Muiieui.T. p. 60). When, tberefon-, lb- 
use of Wincboter fell neant in October of 
tllHt year, and the tnonka at ibe ktn^l m- 
«t«tico unaniinoiisly el«ct«4 Wykebam. the 
popa did not withhold hb conacnt on prf- 
(Onal gponndi, but bontuie he had alrMuJy 
rracmd thn biihoprie for hii own diipoaitioa 
(LOWTU, App. p. vi). If t'rhvn 
objtttion to Wykeham oi?r*onnII_v, 
oeoled it very auccwefnllv, for oa 
that ibe king' pro quadara magna 
aiimnia ' haa made tne badop-«rncl ^ 
of the ipnipornlilipK of thn hm", be hiiD«e!f at 
oncn (II iJiy.) invnated him with it* ad- 
minintmtion inipirilimNand temprimhi (A.) 
Influence was lirough' to b««r a[".'U I'rUa 
ihraugli t^e Diiku of Bourbon, one of tha 
hostagea for the treaty of Br^tigny, who wi> 
granted an e.ilen»ion of hi* li-am of afaaaiee 
for which tho pop» bnd intererded {Firi*r^t 
vi. B40; CX/wi- AnsluTj p. Iisvi ; Pkoimuk 
rii. 101). Iliitnirdiatusin bad at all eie"*' 
no iinmedista rc*uh, and a letter of Wy' 
bam'*, preserved at New College, ntset a 





wra, 
» a 

A 




Wykeham 



«»7 



■\\"ykehani 



dnubt iiTlictb«Tailii!rni«auaiiiora eKiotivuU 
thn court of Avignon wem DM retarted lo 
(but et. MoBG&LI, II. 70). It tnt Dot until 
1 4 Jul/ l-^ii? tliat. I'rbta eave ir»j and pn- 
Tidtd Wjktbam u bi«bop-«I«ot to tli* 
■ncuit f^~ Ilo w*a Mcordiiial; coitM- 
et%t^nx St.l'ourion 10 Oct^ and twodari 
later Olwanl invented liim (as bitliop by 
(■ipol proTiiJoa) witli tlm teinporalitius 
(Luwrn.D. !M), The baUla waJt thiudniwu 
in the ktng'a favour. Wyk^ljaiu ivporlwd 
hb conaecntioo to tit? pope in mg^t n^ 
qieetful terms (Movkiu.v, p. 74). iii'WM 
not enthroaod at ^\'iDcbc*tcT nniil 9 July 
1360. 

A* K>on ts WTkchnm'a i-piii'upal posiliun 
hnd bwn Kcureu, he iiuc(>etKli:<l (If Sfpt.) 
Arclibisliop hangliaui ss okanc«llor. llo 
woa unluekv in bMSOUiiDg chief Riini8t>»r ri 
a limu wbou i!i« glorif* of tlip rni)r" wita 
alroailj piul and a period nf national hiimi- 
li«i)i>« irna opnnintt. A« a utati'-naan hi- 
tdmAk no mark, tliouBh tbu altcmpt to bold 
him iG^r-jibto for tlit> lout of I'untliiru in 
19G0 probablj: did liim i^uftlic^ {Chnin. 
Ai^Hte, pL Ixxvi ; Ftcdn-a, ill. 832, Uw. vA.) 
Tbe Kv«raM in France proridod tho opp'>- 
nenta of clerical miniRinn, headed by the 
Earl of Pcinibrokn, wiih « cutHcipnlly plaiui- 
ble cur, and Wykcliam wnn driven from 
office. Hcruffgned thegrLiit Bt^ul (11 March 
1371) to P<Mnbroh«'a liccirhuian. Sir Uobt-rl 
lliorpi- ; and Loni Serif, who wns in the 
ctmfidvuce of tlii? nbspnl. llukc of 1 jmcMtiir, 
became treMiir¥r(:PWcm,vi.esS). Wyko- 
liaiM bad nov mnrc leisure to dcvoto to liin 
«pueopal duTiM and tho disDOsilion of th() 
iTMt rortnutu \\v now enioyi-il. His unuual 
ineocne a> binkoo of n incbutttr ba;^ bwn 
r«ekon«d as equal to OO^OOOf. at the preMiit 
da; (LiucB, p. SO). Tbo outgoing how- 
«Tier, were aluo peal. Tli« tvpair of tho 
tUUpidalcd EDanor-liouii'a of the ■v, witb 
aOtBownrbuilditifiof bisowu,c<jitt him more 
tbui twonty tlioumnd mark><<M'ji(]:iii.T, p. 
319). By April 1^71 liH bad begun a ' nviv 
worlf* in bia cathedral, poieibly tb^ rvcon- 
«triKlioaof the nave (A. pp. 101, 2'A: Rt- 
gUttr, ii- MTy. If so, tbe operotione wi-re 
HOOD Riixpi^drd, and not riuiimcd uniil 
1304. Uykrhani'a atraincd rclat ion* with 
iba prior and tnonk» of St. Switbun'n, who 
iMontod bin ottumpt to rl^fu^m tbcm, vimy 
liavp inlvrrupti-d tkr work (ii. ii. Wi). llia 
Kt-al in c>)rrecting abu»M in tbo relisioiu and 
vbarilable bou»es in his dioceto Involved 
bim ia a hwig conflict with two master* of 
tW hofpital of St. ('rrui at \Vincbr-»t«r, who 
ahameleuly otundorrd in property iind 
■leniod }ua rigtit to intfrfon.-. It wa* only 
ftftor tli« proceeding* had dragged on for 



more lliau six rcan that a papal ddoglitw 
finally L-ave judgment in fitvour of Wyko- 
liara, wbo took tbe hoepital into bis own 
bands until th* dcRTb of tLe maal«r. tn- 
traaluig tbiiwnrbofbui!ilinguptts*hai.t«rtH] 
moiucM to hill kinsman .\icliola« do Wyke- 
ban (LoriH, pp. 66-83). Hi* cxperioaca 
of tbe diuvfjaril of founders' inlcincions in 
aucb inatiluiiund waa icry nearly induanff 
kim, be tell^ u», ta distribute W vreallE 
among tbe poor with bis own band, but 1m 
bvtbou^hi him thnt atocieiy of leaned men 
'havinijUod Iwfom their err*' would ob- 
serve his Dtatuttrs, and decided to found • 
icbool at Winchester, and a college at Ox> 
. ford in clono connection, for the relief of 
poor acbolar* and tbe traiuins of wcular 
cUr^ to mi tbo npe caus«d bv war ami 
pMliT»nce. As oarly as 1369 be benji ^mf• 
ing the land for bia cnlleEe at Ox^rd, and 
by 1376 auvcnty poor M^hclar*, with Kichanl 
Toncwortk, ieUow of Mcrton, as warden, 
were ludg«d at lun BxpcnM in various halU 
on tbe aile of bio future cloister (MaUBKLT, 
o. 131), Three j«&rsbefuro ba had engaged 
Itidinnl de llerton to innlruet bi» poor 
reholarsat Winchi'slf^r 'in arto pvmmalitw* 
[HfQuter, ii. I9.S). lint tbo stonn which 
broke uiHin bim in 1371! temporarily inter- 
rupted liis plana and ilisperaed bi* Uxtbid 
■cbobus (^Oina. Anptue, p. Uxx). 

The failure of Ji>bn of Gaunt and ike lay 
ministers who bad replaced Wykeham in 
1<171 (o »t«m tbe tide of natiiimal disaaler 
brougbl about a reaetion. In thn parliament 
of 1373 the commatu demanded a confi^n-nce 
with eight lords oijNiMd tn LanuMtcr'* in- 
fluence, of whom Wykobam woa one (/for. 
Pari. ii. 310). Tbe pope aoogbt kin Huppurt 
with the king for tbe peace nyfeftiiitiMU* at 
Ilruj;ei< (IjottTH, Apt), p. viii), and in the 
combinniinii with itulch ibo dukr found 
bimaeU confronted in tlu> Good parliament 
Wykekam oL'cupied u leudii^ potttion. Ho 
wa^ a close friend of the Black I'rince, wbo 
made bim one of bi« eiecutura, and he had 
been driven from office by the party wliick 
wo* nnw arraigned by the nation (/Verfcro, 
vii.lft5). Tbccommons inctntled biro among 
the nine ([iCRial eouticillon appointed to 
Kuide the king, and he oppouTti I.ard Lati- 
mer'a request for 'couusel and • day' to 
prepare kiit answer tu the charges bruugLt 
■i;aiiulhim(CVi>wn. .1)^fMi',pp.Ii<iii,Uxlu). 
Even tlu's is hardly sufficient to account for 
the extrome oxoflperntion shown against him 
bv John of Gannt, vritb whom bo had been 
hithorto OB friendly terms. 

Idle aawBi the rumour tliat (J iincn I'hilippft 
had confeMCd to Wykeham that the dutto 
WAS a supposititious child, Luncaster aeewS 

43 



r 



Wykeham 



t3S 



W'ykeham 



to barn favld him in Maw wtty fiupon*ibIe 
for it; and after tbe BUck I'tincua dt^nth 
and (Ji« dinulution of lliti tiood uarlismi^iil 
the bi«iiop wu tiiigled oui m Ui« cliief littiiu 
of lii> vsngMiiCAi He and Latimer now 
eWntced placalu In ■ ^r^nt council irliicb 
atet St WnntiniiMti'i' cia II Oct. chnrgn of 
iiialvi;r«atiiin and tnifffni-pmmunt durins' hU 
chanceUonliip w^^L■ broufilit ngBlnut kim, 
elottlj modelleJ ujioa (hoM on nbirb Lali- 
ner liad been iinpacbeJ. He was allf^Kid 
to b»Te (ViUer*d away nv«r ■ million stfrling 
gnntcd by pitrlinmrni, Hurrcndnri'd tlia Iio»> 
UgM for thi! r.wniy of Br^ligiiy for hU own 
piwfit, eaiuwd t^u lou of I'unthicu bj Inck 
of timvlr rtiinforcuDenlB, inud» lari^u pru- 
fitn hjr Duylog up crown delils, aud i«- 
fu»vd fine* ana pavmenu iluo to the king 
(F>r'lrra, vii, lflS.'l6S). Whmi hp craTwl 
liny nnd cnunicl to anawdr thfjw clinrsRs. 
.liutiri'Shiiiirnrthrcinindod bimlbnt hKliad 
r«fuiud tlii'in to Lattnicr; but Landuttr in- 
tvrfeml &iid grantrd bis n!(|uv«l. Tlinit- 
daja later he n-appeand bvfocv tht> council 
'well accompanj^i viih men, but with a 
penniTir cnnnl^nanci*. and with him vn bifibop 
of I.ondnn lo comfort him, and mraa axe 
•cijnnntcs of tht Invo of hia couniailc' 
(O/vn. Angliir, p. Uxviii), The vcintiouit 
chnnct«r of the looru f^'ticrnl obargiM ia 
ptobablj Indicated bv the priorilf aMiRned 
lo a caae where a nne bad been ivduoed. 
Wjkehun vainly olFored to take oath tliat 
the mniation had hroiiftht him no pnrnonal 

firolit, and, nftcr a sorond ailjoiimmciit, w»» 
inind ffuillr and dtclawd to hnvc iiitunvd 
k penalty of nearly a niUlion marks. lu a 
■uDHoueut Biitiug the olber ariiolea ^ki're 
brougut forward, and Lancaster deniniideil 
•eotencc. Hut th« biahopi clnimod inimiiniij 
for hia ' pariioni* and liia spirilunltyta,* nnil 
tbe council bad to bn coeicnt with wizinK 
(17 Nov.) hi* tcnipornlitii-i into ihu king's 
hand*, and orderiitK him lo ap|i(>ar aguin ou 
'la Jan. (I'y, pp. Uxi, 106i, 

Mi^uuH'htlH bo waa forbidden to come 
within tnonly loilea of the court, and f«iin>il 
euiCC8«ivelylo5[9rtooPriarf,ScwarkPriort, 
ne«r Wokins, and Wavcrley Abbev. lie 
broho nphi* iiouii-Iiold.ond wnt wor3 lo hi» 
Oxtbrd sr.lidUrn lo ruturn to their homeii. 
Itia trial wtu further jiOBtpouod on 7 Jau. ; 
but eonvocutiun, mcrliB)( on 3 Feb., took up 
hia cause and insisted on bis nr««cnce (t». 
pp. lH»ii, 114; F-rdrm, vii. 132). Th*y 
conld not, however, induce the duke to re- 
aloni the t«iiipomliti«i ; and, though the 
Londoner* dumsiidcd his trial by liiit peers, 
Lancattrr prefem.'d to Irv and diTidu his 
onponenta brseltlirj^ the temporalities upon 
the youD); IViuee of Wales (tb. vii. H2; 




Qtrmt, Aifflut, p. 196). Wykahun 
speciallv nxci^inl fram tbe genoral d 
rnuilrJbj the kin^ in bonour of hi* i 
{Stat, of tie Itatin, L 997). On tS 
hon-cTer, three dnya before Edward** 
the lenponlities leere rfrtored to hi 
cuudilion of Qltiog oat three •hip* and nay* 
ing the wagea of mariiiM for them fat tiiwo^^ 
months (F(n/era,rii. 140). The ■tipnUlio^H 
dona not lit in very well with tho storr tha^| 
W^kehntn.irraricdatit, bribed Alice Prneia 
to 'more the old king on hi* U-balf ( CKtm. 
Analiir, p. 137). Lancaster knew that hi* 
fallier had not many daya 10 liv», and that a 
Freneb inraaion was inuninetit. Ou the other 
hand the nlorjr of the bribe come* fiom a 
chronicler friendly to the blUiop, and Wyke- 
hnm bought from Alici IVrrera coosidenble 
proppttyfor VVinclienler CoUl«». With the 
accrssiou of Itichuid II W)-k«lnai'a trovfalM 
were over. He reoeirra a rojal pardon 
(31 July) for the ofll>nce*aIlM«d a^nut tiim. 
of which he wu declared to beguiltlrsa, and 
the vonntckinffTDOanciled him with hia imcie 
{t4.p. 150; /;Wmi.Tii. IC3, ltfc*>. Tbe pal^ 
don was confirmed in full parliament ai the 
end uf the year. Itichard released all claimi 
upon the temporal it iea, in tpitn of which 
Wyhehatn is omputoil to bavu loat ten 
thonaand mark* by th« loqucatralion (Mo- 
ncni.T, p. 319]. 

Wykoham wna ' to deep a manager,' how- 
CTrr, that bu was able immediatdy loreTert 
tu and complete without curtaiUBMit the 
tnin fiiuuJalioiis h" had planned at Oxfocd 
and ^\~iuclieMer. His xholata retnrnad to 
Oxford, and the purchase of a nto b<9^ 
complete in 1379, and the lic«n« of kiw 
and pope duly obtained, Wykeham iarart 
(26 Nov.) a charter of fuiiiidaiion for' Seinle 
Marie Ci.iUege of Wjncheeire in Oienford'-' 
Thy find stoue was laid on ti March 13*. 
und the waril«n and adiolari niadi* their 
public nnl ranee into tli« Giii!ilied buiUing* 
' cum cruce nrecta et litaniu sotlcmniter can- 
tata 'on 11 April \^i (Ih. p. 332). TW 
alatutd under wliich they had been Ueina 
were reissued by liim in f)iUM fottn, and 
thrice subsequently ho rwrited ibem. He 
endowed the ' N'W Colhitr,' a« it coma %a 
be familiarly cnlU-d, with amute Tei«niWi 
and obtnini'd n papal bull (10 July 13B^ 
ronprving all viutnlorial jurisdictloQ owr it 
to the bishupii of Wincbester. The aamtnr 
of persons on the foundation was no fewtr 
than uue hundred, includinfc the priMla ani 
chorister* of the clinpcl. Of tbe Mttfliy 
scholnn, twenty were to iiudy canon aM 
civil law, tha m*i pbitoiupby and tbeoloiy, 
ihoughtwoofthemwerepemiiltcdtotakeop 
medicine and two anlronomy. In ilailf. 



il 



Wykeham 



329 



W'j'keham 



aiMrt from its loafiiilicsnt «cd1d ond eom- 

SLhIcouu, Wjk«haoi*ii coIIckv tnarbed no 
Uiialion from llio lyiip rtjirvstulcil by Mer- 
lon nnd (juiwit's (Lcxcu, f>\i. *~ tuiq. j 
ItiMiDti-L, ii. 504; Cl&be, p. 161 y. TV 
Tnul nuvelij in lua tclieme Iny in rhu nxclu- 
•in coonectioa he Mtablislica between New 
Coll^B kivd bis rrBtntnar (cliool at Wia- 
c1>Mt«r — 'Stanta Mnric CoUc|[u of \\\vu- 
ebwtre.' Wjkohum obtained b vn^al bull 
tor tbo dulowineot of (Lis Ruliool lu 137S, 
And in ISSS bougbt tbt- sit« and iaauad 
(20Oct.l his olitttter of founilnt'ion, prarid- 
ing for tlio ttdiication of u^vontj- »clio!ar!i 
* tufEeriiig troiu want of looanj and poverty ' 
in tb» »rt of ^mtnur m thu (wrtiLl tu tliu 
bisliffr itudics of bis Uxfurd cuUeuv, fur 
wnicb tbi^v were to bi- prepsnd. Tbe tint 
■ton« of U'iticUestur CuIIl');^ was laid on 
26 March 1%^', and tb« op^nin^ cnrrmony 
took pUc« on 2« Mnrch IXH (Leifii, p. V29, 
oomcting MoiiEiii.t, p. 333). TUc IIM pvr- 
AonaoD t£e fouiidntiou corapriscd, bvndeii tbe 
wardon and the loventj acuokrsj witb their 
•choolmulcrand undormaaTer, priest-fellowB, 
cliaplaiiu, olerlut, aud cborijtvrs for the wr< 
vice of the ooliega chapol. rroTixion was 
nude for leu coauaouvn, ' ton* of noUit and 
powerful pwsoiu, apecial fricnda of tliu wid 
college' — the gcrtn nf thu 'publiu nuhool 
ty^/tma' (LiiiiCH, p. !)*>). Apart from tbi» 
and its fcrnitdar scale, the diief deuirtur^ 
from tho pnr^xisiinj; casee of sclioolt con- 
nected wiui collt^^ in the itniTertitiva wm 
that'fbf iho flnt tiniii a school was oatn- 
ItUthed ac a soveroiKn and inili^pcnduiit cor- 
poration, Hxisling tiy and fur itaulf, self* 
Ceotreil, »cIf-t;ontroUud ' (iS. p. 90), 

liVinchcster (,'iillt'j^- was hardlj^ finished 
when Wirbchani t'lak iiu or rMumed (No- 
vember 13!)L) thu n^building of the old Nor- 
msn nare of his caibednil, tno whole cost of 
which he onderlook to defray. Accordintt 
to oneof bis biographers, tbe work was 'bap- 
pily fiai»hod* before bis daatb (Mobeki.t, 
p. 834). But from Wylit'liam's will it ap- 
pear* that « year before his death (1i« uppvr 
partiand uf iLu nave hsd not yet Wn 
toucbed.aiid the nulling contains tho arms 
of Beaufort and Wnjnilcte a* woll as those 
of Wykiihnm ll^iwiii, .\pp. p. xxxir ; Pro- 
etttlingi "/ Archxoloi/ical Jiutilule, 1S1&, 
p. 68). 

During the troublous limesofRicliard Il's 
minority Wykeham b-ltl no olGco of Main, 
bnt Ua e^poricncn and rlinraclnr iMUally 
■eeured bis int:l<i»ion in the committei-i of 
the lords witb whom thn cnmoiiiis demauded 
COtlf«rciiC"', and in thu vjriou.i commissions 
for the ruform of the royal liooaebold. In 
138S ho ancoasfally raiated the claim of 



til* Penn's soil oilier border lord* to publie 
monar for mtvict* to which thny werw 
bound by the tenure of thuit lands' (WsL- 
st.HuiiAx', ii. 108). The l>ulie of Gloucester 

f laced liiui on the commiaimn of regency in 
Sbd, but he took wj irCliie part in tliQ 
{rocetdiu^ which earned some of his ool- 
MCuestbaUstinghatredortbe young king! 
and when Richard in 1386 reclaimed his 
liberty of action, it was Wykeham whom ho 
chose for hitctiaDCitllor. Accoptiu)( the seals 
with estremo raluclaucp, be did bis best to 
COuGrm the hanty kiiiK in his iveolutious of 
better goremment, eroi at the risk of hi»| 
displeasure (A. ii. 181 ; Orrf. Ptiiy Ovuneil^'] 
i. 1^ ; Rut. Pari. iii. SQ?). lie and hi* coU] 
loogucs innLitod on prolcctinK ihomselvca 
B^inst an^ future pursuit for complicity 
wiUi tbe km^ in aetting aside tbo govem- 
meul established iu ibe Mercileea parlia- i 
meut by temporarily rvsigning their office* ' 
in 11190, and securing as private inditiduala 
parliamentary endotw-mont of what they had 
done (i&, iii. SA8). After Bcvin{[ the now 
r/ffime well under way, Wykehoin Uid 
down his ufGco on 'J7 Sept. 1391 {Fieittrat 
vii. TOT), lie was now sixty-eevenyeari oCJ 
age, and was probably glad to obtain reluMi 
from reiipoDiibilitiee that were not of luat] 
own Slaking. 1 

For tho rest of his life Wykeham kept! 
aloof from politics. He was preavut in llitt 
September parliament of 1397, in which Ri- ! 
cburJ at enged himself for the Merciless par- 1 
liameat; but, doubtless tinding the king's' 
nieasurvs very little to his taste, Micuscd 
hinutlf fton personal nttRndsucr at the nd> 
joumed •OMiooi at Shrewsbury (/i^fyMfcr, ii. 
477). Ilis shacv in the commisiion of ISM , 
was not brought up agaiiisl bim, but lEiohud i 
extractdd from him a loan of I.OIX)/, (Fadera, 
viii. 0). He attended the first parliament of 
Henry IV and the giwnt council of I'pbruary 
1400, hut this wiu his Inil. appt^amnce In 
piihlii: atTiiirs. His e;!^'!!!^! Iitaltli at lust 
brokeduwn. FromMav llUIThomasMerke 
In. v.] and otben ordained for bim, and he 
tpvut the remaining two vears of his life in 
retirumeut at South Waliliam. In January 
140!1 heavniW himnnlfofn papal pnrmiMioR, i 
obtained twelve years bntort! (21' July liifil ), 
to appoint two coadjniont without luking 
the consent, of the archbishop of Canterbury 
or the (chapter of Wliicheeter {Htgitter, it. 
643). Six months later he eigned his wilt, in 
which ho gftvo instructions for his burial in 
r.hn rhspi'l on thit south aide of ibn nnvn; 
this be had mclTUlly eroctMl over tho altar 
of tbe Virgin, at which he bad duly paid hie j 
devotlouB during his early days in W incheuer 
(LowiH, App. p. xxxiii ; Moshrli, pp. 316, 



Wykeham 



ayt 



^V'ykeham 



k 



S24, SSaX Sbortl? before liit death lie en- 
dovwd (10 Aiig. 14(H) a dinnlry in thi« 
C^Rpfl lit liin tmili nf hii nar<*nls and olbcni 
(Lonrii, Ac]], p. xxix). Ilohadidn:iiil}-pro- 
fideil for luB bcir, hU ibtci'a gnUMMu, 
Tbumui P«TT>1, whu had taken ttie nune of 
WyheLam. settliiig oa him uuiw worth 
ux hundred mark* a y«Hr (t&. pt S68). Hi^ 
Iprt IcffnciM to otiiflr kinsmen, tn tho monks 
of St.. Siritliun'n nnd thrnMimbnrxif Iii» own 
fmindftiiom, to ninay otlmr monn-iiiTim mid 
cburebi-'i, to ibe pwir in mritiufl priB'.ni*, to 
bk«xucutOT«,uid loovi^r luO frit'nds, oflic«r«, 
tnd ferr&nU, amouDlin(> in th« lot&l to be- 
tween fix and seven tbouMiid ponndn. Hi* 
craner (fl^uMd in I^nTii, p. 2(53) hn he~ 
qiirnthrd In Nrw rollosv, hia bibln to Win* 
rhi'«ti'r. 'Ike gicnoQitl 6«qu«t« and those to 
l!ie poor bccbarnt-'li-TiBticplly diiicbiU'gedb<>- 
funi bied^-atb. IIib strength f^tndually &iled, 
but ho w'iis abl» to trnTiBwi. buaineaf nntil 
four dny* befnro hi? dcAih, on 27 Sept. 14W. 
Ih'cr hi» ri!tnniii», within hi* phnntry, wan 
ftfrPtrd n tomb of mbiln mnrblo, with b 
rocumbtnt flli;^ and a Litlin vpitapb. The 
rbnnlrv, except the stalm-s Intplv rcwton-d, 
and bisinonuiueitt rcimiiii iiiiloucbi'd. They 
are figured i»lb«work4 uf Lowth and Long- 
man and pls^whor". Btwidi^siheefligT there 
is n corbel bust of Wylii'hnm mndi'tcn ypnr« 
bfifoRi bi» dpnth in ibi" raiiniini-nt-tiiom of 
Wini:hi'«ti-r CQlli-uciLliiifUip.oO). Ill bulb 
Ihit fuon iK|niimd and full. 

WykcbiiiQ had riirii iu \i[« as a man of 
alTiilrs, uol as a scholar; and thouch Wt- 
clilfi/'s grijivl Ht the preferment nl cWln 
' wisi? in buildings en't.lcs or worldly doiny,' 
who could not Wfll tr-nd rh«ir p«rill«r, was 
nodoubtan exajnccration an fur n> WvkFbmi 
waa conccmnd, tlio list of his bouks Jot-a not 
point to any auperfiiiily of iL'urniu^ (Lowm, 
App. p. x\xvii). But, as a contemporary 
omvived, ' quoii niinii" Imhuit litleratiirce, 
laiidnhili comTiianwivit libfrnlitats' (Aim. 
Ittariei IV, p. ;ilH ), a liberality which, how- 
ever convirniionul on thft wbo!« in motive 
— for he wnB no innovalor — wua not only 
escvpti'inol in in muuilicrnep, but shont^d a 
ConBciovisne?? of ponip of llit' dpfi^ti) of the 
acbool tminiufiof bi' litni?, liis I'lideJivoiir to 
correci. which bom nior.' fniil thnn be could 
have frirpsF-pn. Thnt rtinl gondiicsi of heart 
undiTky bisii^noroiityibpfr iininnb' proof. 
Alnoat hi* nrK act lu bishop haa btsiu to 
excu*ehj« poorer manurinltennntai.'uiitouuirj' 
piynieut<< lo the amount of tjOOI. ; on t.hre« 
occasions b« paid hi* t*iiani»' *bare of eub- 
ndies eraated by pariiament ; in 1377 he 
paid an the dehi« of tlio priory of Skiborne 
ont of bin emn jinno (Soxeiar, p. 31"). 
lie nlicvnl obi and irapovciiBbcd olfierr* of 




■oa«-~ 



lei'i 



iM\ 



the biahopric, fed at li>«st Iwenty-foi 
people et*ry dar during hia long epia. -r~, 
anil kept open noiwc to rich and paor(i)>) 
At hia own coat he renaired bod roads 
niinoua diiirebe«, and he incri-Hsi-d the 
magne of die bishopric by vaialtra yielding 
rental of two hundreO niarLa » 7«ar (ak 
SID). Inri'ligioiis mntlen heiraaconMi 
live. .\ clnrii-al mtniMer occnpied a so 
what atnbtpinus pwition in thOM daja of 
conflict butwiiin chiircb and mate; hut it 
may mfi-lr br tuncrivd thai he w&a not 'lb" 
bead of lEie ivalionaliBl party in th« EngU 
church '(KoBEKLr. p. IW),* Enlirely wHh- 
oat srmpalbir viib Ike n«w ideas which 
were tennonliiig within iho dmrcb, hojoinrf 
in ilu rMirtaun mcuattt a|[a)n*t Wjrdiflii 
and liti (ollowcn ; but hia gpntle and mode- 
ratu toinpM' jodiapotted hia to aewrity, a»d 
it was ha who induced Archbidiop Courts 
nay lo jianlon ChanoeUor Kyg^ i_q. ''-lof 
Oxford in 188'2(fiMnni/tZiianifiniaa,p.aoS). 
The semo qualities inad-> him a more tuatul 
nilriftfr tn Richard 11 when he cnaneipatMl 
himwlf from the yoke of the lordv^ppellaal 
than many n morv ^fted itatMtmnn- 

Wykcltaindid iioi escape detract ioD 
iu biB own or latter tiniea. Th« ioM> 
and uiulicious notes of hi* life aiipplu 
l.elftnd{/tinen»™, iv. 161,vii.p. iK)by tL 
unworthy Wykelinnii*t l>r. John [^ottdi 
j^q. v.) were effnrlunllv espoacd by Luwi 
t|>. 'J^f, alonff with the eqiialtyr nalicioi 
attacka of ^Vijliam Buhiiu lU hia ' EuUl 
Lawyer '(IT3:!jHiid his coramentaoii 
Bacon's ' Historical and l^litical Di 
of the Lawa and GotvnBmaat of Kngl. 
Ci;38). 

jTiio brief biogrophitB of Wjkphnm, wrki 
■liortty aftar liia iliulli,Hro pn«rrr«l at V 
e)i«Btcr CtJIc^c^ The iwrtirr mid brlvft: of 
two ii o»mb«l by Lonrtb with iuii(!li p 
to Dr. Tbeni:ia Ajlwanl. 09« of liio 
cucutoia. Tbf otli«r, which U the ' 
mnrc vulnable, I<nni tlin title Libelloa 
inlu* lie prtwapia, tits, nl xaBtia i 
psirisxtdumiui. dooiini Willolmi daWj] 
imd in >lntrd 1431. Tlie nun« of Ik* 
fcUdW of one of Wykohaui'a eollana, 
hy MnrCyn aa nMcaiiu. by whieb Lonrtb' 
i>o»i«l Kobpn Hovte, follow of ninebefla* 
Icgit (M33). to be nirant. Bo'h lb« abotoaic 
prin!*d io tbo npiwadiK to Mobtrly'a Life. Tb' 
llntvia Chronica da ortu, vitn. (t gcatia oobili 
reverendi dotoiai VTln^lnii da Wykc^aa, pT' 
(tram a mnnoBCtipt at Xdw Co11«e«) in A: 
Siv'ni, l» ft more oicrrpt from the libi 
Wharluu 'rrutJroii>ly ani-iitvd it to Dr. Thi 
ChiDtidter. wnnlFii of Ke« Oollqce, «bo 
it hi« diitif notliDriiy for hia CoUoeotii 
laudnbiM ritn rt ninriliu* ct cktittUna 
tionc XVillelmi dr ^'ykoluin, writ Ian ia Hi 



,Wij 



paifal 



Wykeham 



=31 



Wykeham 



uul «ua1iuiini in liM> rnno BUiiiBCnpt Tohiin*, 
ArlwuiTB ncd VttUi't lirw wen wo) by Dr. 

wntnutwortfaj IIttU>ri''a I)r»:n|iiio miiij<lMl<n> 
Tilsa M na paUui Ixntbsimi liri Uabelmi 
VManu, LmdMi, IMT, prirudf nprinted at 
Oaftnd in I BOO bj fir. KichoUi. vardoD of 
N*v C«tla|pk It •» «fitir*!y >up«mcl«<l by 
tba Lifu ol Wjkcham bjt Ur. Itotvrt Lvwtb, 
«ftcTwutU bUbop of London, Rwi; poblinhod ia 
17A1I. and quritsU nbova iu ths Ihini edltioii 
(1777). an luliiiitiLklv pi«M ur work br iu dat*. 
irilb H laluablo nppendix of docnmenta. Tb» 
rcrnlu of vubMauDiit iU7einig*ti<ni> ore to bo 
found IB lbs full Hiid jtciruriil* bincnipli/ b; 
0. H. UDlx'Ky (2iid (•111. 189S). Sk'tohail of 
lb* Ufa of W;k«h»ni an eoutained in Uwkfliuio 
ITaleott't WjkDhnm aad hU OalUgof. 18.^3. and 
H. C. Adniiu'a W;l*hiiiiilcH, 1S78. An aicnunt 
at Wjiwham'f conltuvvrtj- with tba mMIm at 
St. Cnm'a Hospital occun in a mannaeripC ut 
Kew CoU(^. llii. RdBuifi' bnt bota priDiod in 
tworoliuu«*(a>l.T. K. K>rbv, tH9T, IHHO) bjlhn 
Hunpkim Iteeunl SomM^. Tb* viirlj liiaturyof 
bit mndsciMK ladtalt within Canun WaUoit'ii 
«oAnM«ticniadaboT*,KirbT'iABaHUat' Win- 
ehaatn Ci>ll<«* (ISO:), A. P. Ijiach* Ili.iwy 
at Wioobnkr Cvll<i((e( 1890). Dean Kitrlun m 
WiMl>w(«rCoUag'-.U0S-l893(«d.A. ICCooki, 
Ur. BaAdall'iBiticloonKawCoMogvint.'Urk'i 
ColbgH uf Oxford (18BI), xnd ftoiri 111* anxhl- 
tMXsral Md» in Pnicwdiuipi uf ths ARluKiloj[im1 
iMthato. IBIE. The general autboritica are 
Bot«li Pari iinnon 111 ru m i Abbiwiatioltoluldrnni 
OngfnalitiTn ; CaUn'Ur "f Pnlnnt ICiitla of Hi- 
chanl II. ruin. i-ii.(13T'-85): Kympr'a Kuslura. 
cvigiMl edit ; Ptocmdinga nnd Oniiniincc* of 
Um Priv; CouDfil. nl. Nicola*; Chronicnn 
An|tlij>, ««i(iiii|[b»ni'i Uiiuria Auitliitiiin, Aii- 
nale* Benrid IV (yith TTokftT>wn). and t'ai> 
ciculi i^iaoiarum, in iho ICoIU tfcriesi Freu- 
uut'* CtarQBii^bt. fdL ]jUi:(i ; Ij'lnnd'it Ilinnrnrr. 
m1. ilnaniu, ITSS; ItatbditH'it L'liiivriiiii^t uf 
Eunp* ] J. T-T. 

WYKEHAM. orni'tn' cufftfcitv WICK- 
BAM, WILLI.VM (l&ay-160.V). «ucc«r8- 
■irdj biihnn of Lincoln aad WbichMlvr, 
bom in iA39, clflimt^ deKcnt fram William 
of Wjkctuun [q. r.J, bi*1iq> of WintliMUT, 
liul vraa s muniMir of a diflorent fainily. Uh 
tnt tlu BOti of John Wicklinoi of the inanor- 
houia of Ilouylaud^ ur PFutricbes in Eu- 
field. A[iddl«««j[, by his irifv Barbara, ouly 
daii]^t«r and h«irww of WilliitiD I'ariior of 
Norton [.«cs in l)niby*lurc, nnd of Luton in 
Bedfbrtlabirp. He wu* iilucntod at Kton. 
Mul u-u> Bflmitltd a xbobu' nt Kin);'s CaU 
iegtt Cuubridgv, uu IB Sept. l&ul!, uud H 

feUow «u 1(1 Sejit. l&.'W. lis proeep'Iwd 
D.A. in ISeO-l, coininenNil M.A. in 1''''>I, 
and pradaattd II.I). in l■^tiR Ho took prinst'f 
ordm before tho b^ginnin^ of {•i'16, and on 
30 June toCS wa* ndmiltod a fellov of 
Elan, rcaigning Lia fcUovrsliip nl King'a 



' Collegv iOQU nflvnrarda. About 1A70 bv ' 
wn« lici'-prui-oftl of Eton CoIIegEu uiulof' 
Willinni liny (loi!i'-lo9tl) [q, v.], and dur- ' 
ing ib<> uUoocv of tho DiaU«r Mimetimea 1 
lank fart in tliQ loacbiag. AmOOf ihoM , 
who canto under his cam waa Sir Jottn : 
lUrin([toii [(). r.j, who style* Uim '* wry • 
mild and good-iutunxl nun,' aod i>p«alu 
gmtvfuUjr of hia ' fnthi-rly care^' 

On 11 Aug- l<i7U Widtlum became pT«b 
boDilar^ of IDH fourth Mall at WtwUDinsltT, 
and bj pnlMit ilatvd 22 June I(>*1 he wa* 
oppointnl a CAnon nf Winilaor. He was 
nominatnd n rornl chaplain b^for* S6 ^£''1 
1&71. v,-hua ho wu rrcommnndrd by E<1- 
inund Oriiidol [q. v.^, arobbiidiop of Vork, 
fur rtii' muaU-ruliip of ihe ^avuy Ilocpital 
(OBtSDAL, lifmmiu, Purker Sue. p. &19), 
On 23 July 1&74 h« waa oollatnl to tbu 
nrclulnnconry of Surrey, nbid be rHlgned 
tnrly in ISflO, On 30 May 1877 h» wu 
elected dean of I jnmln, nnd on 7 Sept. wna 
inlltalll^d in tho prebvnd of St. Itcitolph in 
ihut church. Uu 2 Sept. 1679 be woa col- 
laled ti> the prvbi-nd uf Eci'liulinll iu the 
cathedral cburvli or LiL-hli«ld. 

On ^0 Xov. Wm ht weft elected to the 
*iHi of IJncoln in sncceseiom lo Tbnnia* 
CoopfiT (IBI7P-1MI) [q. v.], who had been 
translated to M'incbMtvr. Ho vmt cniuc. 
crated at Lambeth on (t Duo. Ihirinft bi< 
«piacupate he yita aciir« in the duties of bia 
eei^.aud was frequpntljr placed on royal cotn- 
miaiions for dei«rminine local dinputea. He 
niMclud at thti funrrnl of Mnry Slunrt at 
PHerbcrrough on 2 Aug. 1-^7, and rJipreMnil 
a charitablii hope for lu-r Bolration. Kor 
tbin he wo* uuiuled by MartJn Maipn-datc, 
wholaanti^ him with bBVLugiitjn^t<^d I hut 
hU hi^arerH might uiwt 'an uupept-ulant 
papiel ' in heaven (cf, Nicinji.*, rrogrmtft ttf 
QuffK FMitMh. 1S33, ii. r.lO,.'.12-l.t>. 

On 7 Jon. I.'j94-fj Wirkhnm wn* rlrct'd 
to thr nee of Winchcxtrr, in siicci'uiion to 
Thomaii Cooiht, and rpci-'ivpd the tempo- 
ralitioa on 14 March. Ou 10 Jan., imme- 
diately after his election, he vrole tu 
Bur^lilej, nho liad been the chief initru- 
oientof bi» DT<>femient, orow^linj^ «gain»t 
tha cust'Om of rfnuirin^ tho bi*bop to gmnr 
Uojw* of church Inndx to court nominefu oit 
Inrro* diMdvanlOitcom lolho luo (t^fRTPE, 
Atualt, 1824, iv. 2^U"7. urifpnu] in Lant- 
rfmracvVS, IS.aiL 101, He had Ihe courage 
Iu protMt in a eimilar slruin a^'aiiiat iw 
ioipoierishnieBl nf the ICngliah seeti, when 
i>r«-aching before Ih" ijueon h«r*elf, and f'lund 
hi* admoniiion* well p^cpivivJ. Ho dii-d at 
Windifiier House in Sniithwnrk, brforc hn 
had rcmoifed lo WinchntfT, iwi 1 1 June 
1905, and nas biaricd on 13 June at Su 



Wykeham 



ajJt 



Wykes 



MatT OronM (now 8t. Snviour'sJ, iioutb- ' 
warK. II» msirioc) Anionine, duucbtn' of 
Willinm n«rIoir (<f, IBB?) [ij. v.], bisliop of 
Chiclicstfr. ^u> dii>d on A«C«nKion dky 
16V8, and was buriitl nt Alconburf in llunt- 
iwddiukirr'. B» liKt hu left tlirPL- tona — 
Danr; (rf. ie»).'«robd«icon of Vork; Tho- 
ma*, And Darlow (</. 1017)— nud four 
daiigbti-n. Willinm Wjcklum [q- v.] was 
dvtccntlHl from IiU pldf*t md, liMirj. A 
irood jKirlrnil of tlic biihMi in bi« robe* i« nl 
Siiialthl W'jtlt in llnmpshirc, in thn poucn- 
aldn uf Mrs. Wickbum. 

Several writings bv ^^'ickbam nro extant, 
Flff WHS (bn aiitlior of ' Au Irit'-r^irvtiitiou of 
nStnliil'i of linlliol Ojllege, On ford,' written 
nltoui I£81,irhicb li]irinti>d in llio 'Slatiittui 
of lUUiol IVjIlepi' ■ (.■,!. 18.V1, p. 2r0, nnd «f 
itn 'IniiTjirL-lBtiDH of nomn Uoubtn in tbe 
Statult" of KiiiK'n L'oUorb/ duCcd 19 Nov. 
Vi9H, onil priiitrj lu tbi- ' SlaluU-n of Kiiift'o 
and IClon Collogw' ("d. 1«.-,(J, v|). iTO-T.). 
bv Jamc* lli-jwoini and Tliouiiw li^'figbt 
{leiO-l«77) [ij. V.) Some verso* by Mick- 
bam an* orcbiifl ti> a ' DiMnunto iini>r>n 
ttwr.vB,' piililisbi'd in 1572, by Thoma* \vi!- 
ton{l43?i!'~ir<8l) [q. v.], nnd nome other* 
ara eonlain^ iu tlip univeniily cotk-ctiun on 
tha rehabilitation of Mnrlin Buoer [q.v.] nud 
Paul Fnftiii* fq^ V.J in I-'ilW, An original 
lott«r dntcd l« Moy IftM from Wickboin to 
hit wifi-'i brolhcT-in-law, Tobie Maltbnw 
[q, v.] (aftvrwnrds nrcbbishop of York), in 
prmvrted al tli« Brilinb MuMum (Addit, 
MS. A-£JA, i. 78), aud u number of otbun 
addfmied tn Burf^bley are a]iii> in tbe uiu- 
Mom in ihd I^nndowne niaiiiuicri|il,^, 

ICooprr'i AtboDs CnnUbr. ii. ISO-1, ft47; 
OuMni Lim of the Biihop* of Wiiu'lii'diir, 
1837. ii. 40-AH: Barka'* Liuided Gantry, a.v. 
'WirkbHm;' Irfi »v«'i Faali li)(!cl». Anelienn. 
nl. tlanlv ; Tannorii BillioUi. Brit. : fiooA't 
Athens Oion. ai. Bliu, Ii. 832 ; Ilannrad's 
Alumni Eion. 1707. p- (0 ; 0«Dt, Mug. 17B9. i. 
U. 117, 383-8- Wood'i I'uiti Oion. ud. BHh. 
i. 468: Cal. SlBt( FAfxirx, Dom. IutlI-'B7 
(tevHsl leltoni indi'ird iiitdi<r Wii'kbain buTD 
rafarannt to hi* •ucv«»w)r, Williani llay [q. v.]) ; 
Acta uf tb« Priiy Countil of Bnslaail, od. 
DiKnt, )A80-80; GcdiriD. Do PrtMulibnfl, 
1013, pj). 2CS. 31 1 : HnrliiKiUH'i ."(iixie Anttqiui, 
180*, ]i. tl2-l; t;.,l!«t. Tup. rt Orn. 1830. iii. 
8S0. 372'S^ Ea^le and Voungs'i Gun rcUllng 
toTitbM, 18'rt, i.l()li; Faller'k \Vo^t^li(1^ ISII, 
Ii. 40-1: Hackett'i Kpitjijiha. l7'iT. i. lOi; 
VUitation of KimtiDi^d'nuihire (Carndpo Soc.). 
p. 48: Mannia^ nod Bray'a ni>t. of .Surray, 
ToL i. pp. ln«t-ri,vol. iii. pji. fi7fl, 577; Anli- 
marliDU^ MHO. pp. GI-3; Ilxy any Work for 
Orapar, nl. iS4£, pp. S4, 73: HarpraUtc'* 
Epiitle. ad. 1843, pp. i, 04 ; MarpritUti)'* Kpi- 
toma, ad. 1842, p. I ; NieboU'a I*rc<gnBan of 



Q<iarnElttab*lh, iii. 416 ; Kyniiir'a I-'«»!i<n, in. 
3A9. 371 : StrjpcB AciuK 1S24. ii. ii. U«. m. 
i. SBl.ii. 4lj. 410. tv. 17a-a; Slryj*"« UU ' 
Wbilgift. 1R3:!. i. 337.409. ii. SIS : Stuwt iti 
ray of I-OTidon. wl, Slryjw. 173*. bk, ir. pi. 
bk. T. p. 4(1 : Fullrrr'i Chartb Hislcry of 
Britaia, IfUS.bt. n. p. 181 : Ljmnia Entiroai 
of London, ITDA. ii. 8*J9 : Oastoo'a Hiat. of rta 
Church of Patorlinnh. 1 e8«. pp. T8, 7» ; V\V& 
Snrray of Cathedrdi, 1741, ii. 440, iii. «7. < 
Ii).] E.].a 








WYKE8, THOMAS »> (jf. 1 2M-1 
clironicW, toi^ tlic habit of a caium ranltf 
at Omcy .\bbny, ni.'ar Dxfont, on 14 Afcil 
1282 (^^'v>[Bs,an. I2»J>. Uc mentiou is 
bis cbruuicle varioiw Mineaakwa and pto- 
bablu kiuafolk. inclailinu Robett de Wy? 
(<f. IWil), Edith lie VTsVt- id. 1369), 
John dd Wvktw.wboin l^^-t toolt a ' vol 
profaclionia'' (i*. pp. W, 230, SM). 
nanif ia a fairly oommon oim, both na a 
annul and n place name, au that il ii liijtbiT 
tmufe Iu ideuiify him with otber bcarEnof 
tbe aame name, ouch aa Thcoaaa Ae Wykcv 
priuat, who b«rutv \'H9 wiabid Ut becocaea 
Franciscan friar ( jVinaioamfa flwiaaawM, 
p. XAij. Thd ni-nn^al placv to Osfocd caUad 
WyUcEprms tobn Wyke UaBOD, nMr Stevy 
Straiford. Wykn I pcraonal imunarj wont 
back to l'-'o8,ii}lba.lhewa«noloiievra7aBiig 
man when Lt' ti>i:ik the cauuu's babil. Ao- 
cordiui( lo Ileury llicbards I.uard [o- »-j 
Wyke a editor, hw becaini>in 1285 tbe offidu 



clironirliT of Ofncv, baring prcTioiialy i 

C-^u.:A history on hia own account, and tlitl 
c cniitiuued wrilin); until 1:293, wben tba 
tune of ime uf the (!lirunicl«e with whidt }aM 
naiu« ia a»ix.'iated chaugM. 

A poem praiaioij the young Edwaid I, 
printed in T Wrighi'a ' Political Soogs,* pp. 
lSK-32 (Camdnn Soc.), from a tbirt««iit£> 
conlury Cottoninn Tnnnnimjt (.Vnapatian B 
xiii. f. l.SOI.ia duacribcd na ' Voreut aeoondun 
Thomom i)e Wyka comuuaiti de donuno Ed- 
wanlti Augliie rage.' It la baaed dearW, 
aa Dr. Liubermann baa pointed oat, oo ua 
chroDiole which, »inm tlie days of Lalto^ 
hna been aaaiinM'd to Tbomua dc Wykoa. and 
which contain! ihn notices of tbc Wykca 
family and of no other urivate individnalL 
It may therefore be loiAed upon aa fiurly 
prubu^lu that Wykea waa the aullior of h. 
The clironicle in question i> ooatained ia 
oalv one inanuscript,vif .Cottonian H&TitH 
A. U. It WBRflrat printed by ThoiDaa Gait 
fq.r.] in hia ' tliatorias .\iw1icanK8criploRa 
Quinqnu,' iii L'1-118 (Oitotd, 1687), wWia 
continuation im pp. 1 tS-38 (hat mea don 
lu ISOl. It waa belter edited br Loard 
in 'Annaloa Uonastici,' iv. 1-310 (Rolb 
Series, 18€9). A mcogniacd Oaoe; cki»- 




Wyld 



«33 



Wyld 



aide (Cotton. MS. Tit. A. ») haa beeo 

printM by Luftrd ude bv Me witk it, ud 

, «k«rlj tMnds in s clow tvlntion lo it. 

Fkon it Gtle citrivrd bin cniitiiiiiationof tho 

Titos natniucript altvr \^S9, and Antliony 

Wood, vbo ^rK<>|y u*ed il< local rnrcrcncca, 

(iiiDtnit OH ' tbeOiroiiicloof W'xkt^' (Ilitl. 

t'tiir. fti^rrf.pp.ilwAc.) Liurif tiks dt'liiiwl 

tbe nUlioDsliip of tbv two wurks. lu its 

Mrlivf {lut ()U66-I3A8) llie clironiclo of 

I WflCM W Tprr similar to t.ltnt of OsD«f, 

I tboogll CDiunllj, but unt invariably, it is 

' noM diStuo uid full. In 1'2'>H, howi^vcr, 

I Wykeai's lumtiva boooroes sob.itiintintl}- dii- 

tiact, and at tks Mini! lime exin-mtl.v volu- 

tibl^ Afcvr \2'i* tbe clir<L<uii'lt7i bt-couip 

a]Dio«t iilunticali but from l^'rOloU'imbof 

i)ifl«r, ibouffb ' Wyiti* ■ is now ibe least us»- 

fiil, and ■ubatanlinllj on abridffinQnt of Ihn 

Othiu. Tliuv arc itfcnin idnnlicol bi:t»-u«)i 

1286 and 12«>, id wbich luttcr jenr Wyk™ 

stop*, thnitgli Luard lliiiilu tuat b« aval 

Wjkes'« Lund in tbt- [lart if ibe Obw^j^ 

ckn>uicl« dona to \'ii*^ 

Th« part of Wyk'^s which lias most roal 
value is from i-jm to 12SS. For Ibnu' 
thirtir vcor* it is of ntni'iit imiijUR import- 
ance. ^Vliile nil the ntlier cbrontctfraof tbu 
boroiu' warn aru, iacludiiig ihi> Osacy an' 
iialil>l, partuMius of Montfurt, ^\'yk(^9 i« a do- 
oided Toyaliai. Hk i(,bowe\t'r,apr)greB)iv« 
roraliat, who criticises frwly, and moik- 
irnat dcspisB* tfafl w«akiiiuis of llnnry III, 
«hilo KTVuly leverencinft tlic royal niSci!. 
His liuroiM are Iticburd ot Cornwall — whosu 
rvmuvaltoGarmuiiy tookawnytlii-chiirfcbt'ck 
oa th« kitig, and w'rbapa led lo tb« eivil 
war— ani), aboie all, Edward, who cavo his 
fftlheran intelligible and popiiliir poncy, and 
was sirons <inaut(lt to cury ii through with 
•uccvtK WykGiidi*likctlbi-forciititcn,lbouHb 
he hajt a g»>od word for Wiliium of Valrufi- 
fa, v.l, but a atruna batrvd for iVter of .Xiaui-- 
buuicbe [q. v.j lie is mon- than uiiBuualist, 
wriiing vigorousljr if diduMly »iiJ raihcr 
floridly, »Mi showing n g;ood si^rmi of p<<r- 
«pMtive and nor* «yB to a conlinnnuii nnd 
intonstJojt immlivn than most of his con- 
tvinpanriiw- 

[Lnaid'a prcfuco to Anoalts Manaiii'^i. tqI. it. 
pp. i-xiir. ditcuue* nil tbv iirvitituni* ciiunacMd 
witll W)rk(*'» Chronicle. Ben ntv) Hiinly"» D»- 
•cripliTV CatnlogDO of Minnicript Mntarlali of 
IKrituk HI«T'iry (iii. 2'IS). mid, nliorn ati. Pnuli'i 
' pn&M to (bo rilniTl* fruin W_vk<9 in Mdiiu- 
inDiitaO«rniiiais. Stt. (ixiiii. 48 1-0)1 vblchjj-lm 
the rauit of the iiiTnligsiiDaii of Dr. Liobir- 
BiMin.] T. F. T. 

WYLD, JAMES (1812-1887), g«o- 
gt*vb*'t, was born in 1912. 

Ilis ather, JsMU Wtld (1790-1896), 



geographer royal, wns for fourteen years in 
the quarts ruiaAlcr-s<:u« mi's olEcu. Up in- 
troiliicud the tut 01 litho)i;rupliy into Eng- 
Isnd, and lirst ajiplied il to tb<f prvpsmtion of 
th« plans of actions fougbt in the Paninsvln, 
whioh it wax his doty toaiipply. He became 
ono of thu forcaiMt ovo^uphi-Tiiin Europe, 
and his ninpn, (bund«d upim remurchi-a in 
the hydrugraphical sud luililury arubivus 
of various couTitncn, kvt-- reuxarVub!'- for 
their number snd e.tcellencA. Among th«Di 
nay br meniinnvd n ' Kcriptucn .\llas,* 
Thommian's ' ICdinburah .\iln(,' and ' A 
New ilnp of tbn WorUl, ribibiiing ut ouo 
\'iow the Kxt«'nt, liubgiun, Topubitiou, and 
IK-crMS of CivtWiiuu of eai-b Country, 
with uumerous illuslmtivu Xot««,' l^lo, 
4lo. lloslso nrrongiij for publicntinn iho 
'TinvnUof Mungo I'nrk,' and compiled map* 
both for that work andfnr thoMolQiovannt 
BapcisUi Boltoni ^q. T.j, thu Egyptian ex- 
plorer. He woa a miMobi-r of many Euro- 
p«uu, Aiufrlvan. and Aeiulic socivlir«. Tbu 
title of geographer royal h« inherited from 
his ancmtors, and trsnsniiiied it to his son. 
Hn <lied from overwork on 11 <>ct. IS38. 

The TounifcT Jnmf* Wyld was nducatcd 
for lliu iirmy at \S'uolwicb, but soon dt-cided 
to continue bis fulhi-r's pursiiilB. Ho ao- 

?uired the map busini.'ss of P'sdeu, and in 
830 joiiwd thu ICoyal fJeogrniihicttl Society. 
In ImM hft hsd i>« In blihl intents in IJIiaring 
(.'roM East, the lloynl Kxc-hniiK\<,andntlland 
IL' Charing Cross. Thi>Iiuil bi;cunjflben»orl 
of publio mpn, whom he kept aupplied with 
map) uf those cuuntrlus whoiw aHnim oc- 
cupied the attention of the moment, wilti 
fiiU stittisticat details appended. A^ong 
these thfi cliifif were n mnp of A^hnnistan, 
with a pamphlet containing gnogrnphicnl 
note* and the rinitus of troops, at the lima 
of the (irit .-\fghon war ; ' A Map of the 
Gold IlegiuoB of Califuruia, with Ouogra- 
pliical and .Mineralogical N'ole*,' ill 1H4!I; 
'.Votes on ilie Ilistribulioii of tiold through- 
out tbn World, witli a (iitsntteitr of iba 
Gold Dieting* of .Australia' (3rd nd. IS.W); 
mans of thn Ottoman empire and itlai'Ji Hha 
witli geogrnphical and hydrogmphiual notes, 
and of IJebuiitopol at the time of tbo 
Crimean wan aud * A Map of Central Asia 
and Afghanistan ' in m'S. Wyld'a ■ I'opn- 
Isr Ailn>,'wych still holds its g^mund, was 
a nipmdaction in lilbojjiapby of the Urge 
maps he iunnd iu rlienp monthly numbers. 
His'Atliisof Bolllea' wna a reproduction 
of Sir Thommi Milfbell's' Survey of I'viiin- 
Hular BattlM.' The ■ ^^'ellingtou Atlas,* 
founded on th^s and other niHlensts, coniatna 
in itsi«vt many additions to and corroction* 
of N spier. 




Wyld 



'J4 



Wylde 



llii givatest p^op'HpliicAl achii'veni-^iil 
wax ' Wj-IJ'g (tmxt Globe,' wbicli was v\- 
IiibiiftI 111 Ij'ipMirr S<|nBro Wween ISM 
AndleA2. Th<'glnbo,uxly[ccCliieh, lightpd 
with g«* nnd kpimaeUcd br |[alWi«s, wm 
about fortT timt in dinincter, and liir llw 
Ju^sH hiiWto ooiutruotud. I'ljon it* in- 
terior tide vieK ikliiidtted th« pbT^il■al fva- 
tUTMof theaorth.tbe bonwnta] tuitacn beizig 
oil tha Molo of nil indi to l«ii mile*, uti 
niountnins, nbown by mni^hdnical d«viet«, on 
thrico iliut ■cnlo. Tbv i>onc«Ta »urfiu« wm 
Hindi' uf kiMue eix tbousand CBM#tskra in 
[iliiBttr of I'&riH, ibtvi^ fi«t sqiUK buiI an 
iiicli tliick, ncrvnud lo beams aad join«d 
togetlier, nnd afVerward* pnintoil oi«r. Tbe 
top of I.ho gbhs outnde W(u pnintrd with 
>lar>. U niu nuROundai] bv n Inrjio circu* 
lar builiJiiiji, appTou:b«d bf four lo|!sUi 
0]icniiij; iutu nivb tid« of Uie aquBM. Tlie 
walla of the circular ptwages wi^ru bung 
with tb« fini-tT. mnps, and atlaaea, clobet, 
Mnd jf^ogmpbicul voik» woiw displayed Upon 
tablra. 

'l'b« great milway mania of lt<30-7 vru 
ol (Mua •wviuo to Wvld, who mipplird 
proqiwtiu, niaji^, atid p[au« for parliuuu^n- 
lary dcpont. But wbvti, iwo _veur* bitvr, 
I b<> col lapse came hi> via» loft, wiib b«avy 
cbkima njcalnst iiniuccirwfu! cimpnnint, nnd 
he. nnd olhi-r croditori were unnlilo In olt. 
loin fnvoiirabli- dt-cixiimii from Ibe court* 
(•ce A Comideration "/lAeJiiilgmrnr r-f tkr 
C«urt iff Eixhftii*r, by ii IturriBliT of llip 
MiddltfTMupte.lSlS). 

Wyld'* iniofMi* wtro not mnflned lo 
nography. Iln rppn-wutfd Bodmin in p»r- 
Tiament a* n libcnJ rram 1^17 to X^'d, and 
Btrnin from 1 W7 to ISiiB, buvinc in ibi- uiuan- 
iixav unauccttnfulty oonlfstt>d Fiusbury. Uu 
waa inatrunu-uTal in paaaiutr tbi> luium' aa- 
Maameot hill, and intn>diicu<libAflr»T: county 
flnaacinlbnardibill. Iln wot nn nrlivi>8up- 
portar of volo by bnllot. A> a ^nvrnior of 
tliacilrand k"'''!" idituiv niid as tnasli^r 
of tho Clolhworkpni' Cyinpuny, be took a 
Iradioe ]«rl in tlio jironiolioii of tccluiioul 
isduuiiiuii; and tbe cities of M(iucbe>iter, 
i>«d», and BriMo! nro largely indiblpd to 
hiiu for ihc^ir tA^dinicnl ■cbooln. iln bad n 
wido rnpiitalioR na a man of ■cic-ncn, nud 
|>qiwc<f«rd no fuwurtbun ac^venli-nn Kuropocn 
ordor*, includinif iho Li'gion of Honour, and 
n Rold mudal fur wieulifio mi'rit from iLu 
Kins "f I'mHia. 

\\ yid di'ii at bi» lionw in Somli Ki'o- 
•ingtononlT April 1^7. Hclffiadniieliier 
riQil a t/Mi, Mr. .lames John Cooper \Vyld, n 
barrister of lEn Inner Temple. 

[0«nt. Mate. I83e, ii. QSQ ; IKd. of Liriog 
Autlior*. ISIO; Time*. 19 Aprd 1H1I7: Atb«- 




tisuni, [IJwMlttT, byO.B.; Ait-Uiu. ChlI 
KoBtcr'a Attumi Ona. aad Km at. ibn EU^ 
For liila of inapa and duirta M* dl oi its 
Unp R«Am ortlia Ruy. Un^, Soc. is?:;, vbm 
Ihi-m are nitj-firr intiiea Bnder J. WjU; ■■ 
also ' Tbc Grou Globt iuelf.' an art. in Ctaa- 
bcm'i Jounal (1341), copiad is LiltvU's Litiaj 
Aitv(Ilo«ton, Haoa t, Octubar I Ml ; Jowtulif 
lbs Roy. Oeogr. Sor. toL -ai. p.lxla; jCa 
and Queriea. lat acr. v. 4Sft.] O. l» O. 5.i 




WYLDE,UESIiy(1822-I««)>,G» 
pro&oaor of muaic, aon of llnnn- W* 
waa bomBtBuahiry,H<T(fordHhirc,n&SS3 
lK!2. Al tliH af^ oi tbiilivn ho bccaat 
orgatiiat of Wbilchurcb, near Edgw«n>. ud 
tliren rpars later a |ii4nofort« pupil u( 
AtoMihdra. I'rom October 1643 lo Det^bi^ 
IS46 be waa a student ai tboltnyal .Vcail*«T 
of tUiiBic, of wbicb iojMJtulion ho anbi» 
quenlty becane • pioGMMr of hartno^. 
Wyldv waa OKaoist of Bftlon Cbaptl tak 
St. Anne'f, AldfiM&te Slre«t |nuw At- 
moliahcdX In \9S\ bn accumulatrd tfe 
d^M* of Itacholor and Doctor of Mom ai 
the univcrtitj of Cambridp. In l!|UU b« 
waa one of tue founders of tho imw daAiwt 
Xeiv I'billutrmonic Saci«ty. wbota eoBcatti 
lie, in co-opvralioD with Hector BerBcs, 
LindpniDier, and Spobr, condactod fuctkiiN 
wiofociii ; in IKSH Wytdn s*suni«t lb»aitil* 
rmpoiuiUlity nf l.hn undortakinif until 187^ 
when be rolimd in favour of Ur. Wilbfln 
Gam. 

Wyld? founded in 1861 tbc Londm 
Academy of Music, a ^valo Icftchiiw iwti- 
(uiirin wbieli «till «iut«. Iia locide wu 
firal at. Si. Jamn.'* Ilnll, but iu I>'(ir it «v 
removed In a buildin); in l.>Bngbara Pluo 
erected bv Wvlde. and named hj litm St. 
Ooorgu'a Hall'. In li^'X. on tlio dMtb of 
Edward Taylor [ij. v.", Wylde waaappdWcd 
OtMbani profeMor of niutic. Tbb poat le 
held til) tjij ilealb. wbicb looV place M 
7« Moriimer Strcpt, li/'gent St(«M. W 
IS.Mardi IHOO. lie «.-&> buried in KcmI 
Green cewotery. 

W'yble compiued a few plaoofort* pi«M 
and »oilK*> And wrote a ictliug of ' I'xnadio 
Loat* (1S«0) and a cauUia, 'Prayer mA 
l*rBiw*(lS50). ]Iisinu4ico-lit«r>n-pTodnt- 
tiona inclnde ; * Harmony and ibe ^>aeM» of 
Muiic'fl^^ nnd 1RT2); •Manic is ilaAr 
My*tcrica' (1M!7); 'Modem Cmintvr^oia* 
in Major Keys' (1£73); 'Occult I'rinapW 
ofMuaic' (1><d1): 'Jluaia na an Kdu^Moc' 
(1883): Md'Evolulioaof tbeHcautirntb 

SQrofo'a Diet, of Muaie and MMioUn*. it. 
:. ii. *K; Jirown and lUralliM'a Bn»A 
HuncalBioeraphy; Muaicnl Tiwa, April 1»Vh 
Brit. Mua- Catn P. G. E. , 



E^ 



Wylde 



135 



Wylie 



WVLDE, JOHN (I-Iito-KJIKH, cliief 
hnron of lb* eschwiutr. [S^ WI^DS.] 

WYLDE, UOBEi;TnoOi>-16;9),puritsn 
divine mid pod. [iyiv WIL».] 

WYLIE, ALEXASDEB (1 81 -T- 1 8871, 
miaaioaiBry bdi) Cliintiw tcboUr, bnrn in 
l^ondon on iS April 181JS, wan tliR j'tmnjc'it 
•on of an oil ami colour ia«rcluin[ in Drury 
I«n*. HiifntbcTauQc frum ScuiLuid about 
ITDl. Whcu a yviir old Ati.'\aui)''r wiui 
Kcnl to SolloiKJ aud pluceil unil'-r tFie care 
of K TulaltTe who livM on the Ununpians. 
Ua was fducsipd in th« KratDmnr ncliool at 
Drumlilliio in KioearditKifhin!, and aflcr lii« 
return to I^iOiidoii in a *chool at CbelMUt. 
On Intvintt whool h« wn> apprmlicnl to e 
e*binct- maker. 

UanuL' piol<«d up at a book«t«ll a eopv of 
Jonjih IlFuri il<^ Pi.'mBi^'s'Xotitia Lii^um 
8iiiicw,' lix lesmnil anlKcii-nl; l.nlin to read 
it, and ita pMiual In) liim to Kudy l.bn 
Ohinax* lanffiuftc. I'ruinirinjt from the 
Brititih and i-on-iRn Uible Socifty n copy of 
tbo New Tustaiui-nt iu Ctiiii'^XF't he hvgitii to 
n-ad it, compilinK a dictionary of tjmbcii» 
as hv {tron-edtd. \Vlien JaB)eaL«Kg«rMiiRied 
to Enflalid in IXIES li« nt|iiircia a »ii[Mirin- 
tMtdMil for tbi^ l^iidmi UiHinnark- gnr.icty'a 
printinK ™tabli»liincnt «i ShatiKliai. W.tlio 
Tiiitnd ijf'Kire, vho found wiili mirprisi! Ilint 
be bad 10 far lujuiterrd L'hiiivt^ williuut 
■nlilllnn nn to b» nbte lo r«jid Ihv s'IbjwU 
iritli tolenble accunicy. Tit!' Laiiilon Mis- 
Monarj Society «rnj[ng<^ bim and tent him 
10 tlte office of (Srochnrlni Uofd [cj. v.; for 
MX month* to iiudy prinlitiftt wfaUe "pca 
iiMtnutcd him in Chin'^M.-. On36 Aug. 1847 
be arrircd at 8lian};1iiii, hia (alBrj hwDg 
paid hy the Bible Sooielv. 

Wkilo ill clinrg« of llie printiitf^ preM ho 
leante'l rlw Fiwnch, GnrmAii, ItiiMinn, Mtm- 
cfau, Bod MnniF'illiinffiinBi-s.bi^iidcs acquiring 
MBie knowludiic of Uti^ik, I'ijiir. and &«»*• 
Iirii. !Ie wan difplv tend in iho hi»tory. 
KMi^rapliy, retigioii, philosophy, arts, uiid 
•denow of Eastern A»iii, and had a wide 
M^ptttataRce with Chi n««o Uli-raEuiv. Ills 
klMwMj^ of Cbincan innthcmalio.t wnjt 
OBiqiio. Tn IRS'i lie nhnwed that WiUinm 
Gvotge Horner'* method for tolriiiB rnua- | 
ttOBi of all orders, publuhed in lbl!>,liad 
bnea Butidpated by ibu ChineK inaThonia- 
ticiansof ihefc>'ine«iith century.aiid in the 
aBme year an hriicte of hin in rho ■ Nnrlli 
Chin* Il^nild,' denting chiefly with C!tin<ife 
■rithonotic. mui tratiUatcd into (iermnn, and 
wan the Ribject of two iinjMT* by .lowph 
Berinind in the • .lourcal am Snvuns,' Some 
of thti edilMiw of the itcrititure* printed by 
bin an Km tpeeiiDeni or lypo^-mpliy, anil 



have Mcilod tlu admiration of (he Ckii 
ai n-i^II as of IvLiTopiuuu. lia mado frequ 
DSpeditioiu wilb otbor utiaiiaiurM into I 
intcHor of the i.-ounlty, and ntore than onetil 
encountered [^ve p«rila. In I^iS he ao- 
GOiujiauied Lord EJ^io iu hit e.\pedicion u^^ 
the Yanj^-taae afi a lomporery ag«nt of 111 
nib!* SocielT, Iln left .Shaii|[bai for T 
land in Idud, and, tvtiiminii In 1&A3 
permanent naent of the noeieiT, Iravolli 
tbrough St. I'eleribur)' and Siberia M 
kin^. IIv continued in charge of tbei.. 
until 1877. [n I80F>b«aroonipnn:(d(irilfit 
John, <ho W««l«yan minKionarj, on a jou 
nnjof lira tbouMiidfivnbuadrciliiiilet.pra-' 
oording up tlio Ynnf[-tMo to the cnpiial of 
Sn»-chuAn, tbcncu to the Murce of ihe llao, , 
andthen to Hankow and SliADi,'hai. In ihinj 
tour lio visited mauy pUwa hitbeno un>' 
known lo Buropeaua. 

Iu tm jean be difperfcd among Ibo pco* 
pic ovnr a million oopica of portiona of th*^ 
Bihlo- In 1877, owin^to tho failure of bin 
eyoigbt from inceMant pcoof-rudint', hli\ 
rut urn ud to EnRlnnd. In ItC8he iraa pp 
sent At Ihe fourth congmi* of nr^entalinta 
h«ld at Flonrnce, iiud o*ad a imp<<r on tlwi 
Corea, He diwL at ISCiiri»tciiurch Hood, 
Ilamiiatcad.on ft F«b. ISi'7, and iras burit^S 
on 10 Feb. in his father ■ {crave at llighffataj 
cotnelery. In 18-18 Wylio niurrinl Mar^ 
IlannoD, who luid heeu for aovi^u voar* a' 
miMionarranion^- the IlottWtoU. .SW difd 
in 1^9, leuviuj{ a dau);ittcr who turrivod 
hiin. 

AIlhou|;b a proT<«tant., Wylinwtwoa ^ood'j 
tnrinawitii many ofthnjr'suitandUotniuicaaf 
prieslxin China, and the Greek arcliiniandrit*' 
was hill pertonni friend. UU tranalaliona 
and publiculion* wt'iv of swat »i<rvtOA to 
Chinetw ncbolar*, and Henri CordiKr *tat4«j 
that Wylie'a libiiiry wa« tbo foundation 
hi« 'Bibliothsca Sinica.' 

Wylia wna (ha nntbor oi iraiuUtor of the 
followinfr ^"■■''"■iii fhtit^^o: I. '^Couiiwa-j 
dium of Arithmetic,' l6o3, 3vols. 2. 'Su»-| 
plcmenlury Elements of Goomelrj,' llu7, 
consistinjj of booka vii-.tr. of ■ Kuclhi ' in 
coniiniiatjon of Mai(«n I'icci'* tranilnii'Wi of , 
bonki I-vi.; tbfl i-ntim trninlatinn won 

Sublinhed in 1865 by the viceroy, T*4a 
>o.fnn. 3l 'A i'opular Trcali»e on 
MechanicB," Shangbai, ISl^. t. Ite Mor- 

Kn'a ' Elemenld of Al^bra,' Shanghai, J 
on. 6. Elioa Loomio'a ' Elomint* oCl 
AiinlTtical OeomotTT and of ibn niSerenlial 
and tntf^ral Oalculna. Ineiebleni boiik*,' 
■Shanghai. ISfifl. .0. IterMhrrH 'Dutliue* 
nf Aumnomy,' Shncglini, IfeW. 0. 'Tbe 
Marine St<ani EngiiMi,' by Tbomas John 
Main [q.v,] and Thomas Brown, 1S71 . 4 «oU. 



Wylie 



2ii 



Wylie 



He alM cditMl UuiluioM of tlic gwfda of 
St. Mattbuw and S(. Mark in Slaadin *ai 
CUncM in l^OO. la Engliah hapgbrislwd: 
1. 'A TnniiUiuni at tho TiIm Win k'* 
Moait a Chiww Gnmnwr o> th« Man-' 
cbiiTarUt lAniipMgc,' SliMghar. 185G, Stoi. 
S. ' NoUa on Cbinnae liteiaiurv,* Sliu^b»i, 
I807.6ro; araliMUe coDtribmnm toChmeM 
bibtioKiapby, toouiaing BOttcei ot om two 
tbouaanil [raatuea. II« wrote Uis utiels on 
III* ' LitanlvK ud LaiwiMK* of China' in 
the 'Amarican Cjelo|Mi!dia' (U~'): oi^ 
tributad htimntlj to tbe ' North-China 
MaraU,' tbo'duMH Reeoider,' nnrl ms « 
metDbetof aaviinl tocietwa for orirnlat rv- 
aeanh. AsvtMlioiiof his writiniFt with bio- 
gntpbical notiota and a p^rtrail wm prinW 
at Shuuhiai in ie07,«DiiiUd'CUiM« lU- 
warcbaa bj Alaxaader Wjrlio.' WjUe and 
hil rnlliaffiirr. Iiirrlrhart, furabbcd iMr Junes 
BnnaoiiTaiiiieBtwUb tbe natvri&lB for ilie 
fliapter in his ■ G«rlon ' (1869) lr«aiing «f 
the ku<i<rl«dn of ito itlajid bj tbe ChiiMaa 
in tbe BiddM agea. He wu alao avrTic*- 
abl« t« Sir Iluif Ynin [<). v.l in hi* odition 
or 'The BookofBcrUarca Polo,' 1871. 

JCbiolM RMWuchM. ISOT: Cordwr* Lifo 
Libognof AUiui>]«rW;lw,l88Ti J'wnn] 
cftb* Mottit China Bnncfa of tbe Bojal AsJ alio 
8m. IMS, p. 163 : Rotaoii'i Gnatfa John. ItlSS. 
p.Ot.J E. 1. C. 

WYLIE. Siu JAMES (ITiK Ift-U), 
phyiicinn ai the ooun of Itoiiia, wn* bom 
al Kmi-nrlin^-on^Korthin 1768. His parents 
(WilliamWylia and Janrt If eikUjohn) wen 
in a hilmbln position. He rrooiictl tlitf de[^i' 
of M.U. from Ivint**!! Collngi-, Abeniecu, on 
S'i Dec. ITyl. In 17»ti ho Hnt«Nd the 
Rauian s»r?ice aa teuior aurg«on in the 
Eletsky rvgim^nt. He made a reputation bj 
> aucMuful throat operation on Kotaiior, a 
farourilc of the Trar Paul. EikIiI yc*m 
later Lo WM ujipoinivd pliynifiun to the im* 
prriul euurl nt St. IVtenburg, and atteuOed 
the T«ar Paul in hia tniieU to Moecow and 
Kaun. In I7S)0 he bucame tuiigeon-in- 
ordinary to the t«ar and pbvnciAn to tba 
beir-eppanot, the Orand-duue AlRzaodvr. 
When Pttul wiu murdered on '2i March 
1801 , Wjriic i^rohiilmttd tha boi^ and nve a 
cortiticitlu thai the cauce of death wm 
apoplexy (Joiseiille, i. 151). 

In IHOO Wylie had labt'ii a fL^remoal part 
in founding tin.- MtiJiuo-Chinir^ical Acu- 
Aernj at St. PtiWi^burg, In J'Wl hi> formed 
tiM statu* niedii;ilK of the M>>ilicnl .Vrnijniny 
of St. I'nl^nbur^ and Moicow, of irkich hci 
was for thirty yean tha pratident. II« wu 
named inipecltfr^nural of the army board 
of health in l&X, and director of the mediwl 



dmttHeBl of the ministry of war in It 
Wytia waa 0* 7 S*gt. lUl'J at Bondq 
when he it aaid w ban MrfbnBcd 
hundred opMstMM oa th* oeld: he 

tbe night after tbr battle, ae be lohl . 

to ardvanca of ihe orifcinal Hussiui ponij 
Ha wi tne ea e d along with the taar the i 
at mtaa ia NoTanber 1SI2. At D 
in 1813 he UNpntated HIorMu'a legs, 
wotn ahatteiM bj a caonQit-ehDt a* be 
talking to thataar. In 1814 be was at I' 
and met AIhoo there- TIm> sane jvar be w« 
appointed pbj«idaa<iD>ordinaf7 to the (mi 
Alexander 1, when he bad atl«tid4<d tbroeigl^ 
oot tbe ncant eanpaigu. Wyli* eeeeia- 
panied faias to Sngland in that jcar, and 
wa* ka^rhiad by tha arinct>-reg«nt on Ascot 
Uoath with (he sworn of tfas lwtauD,Couai 
Platoff. Un 3 Joly of the aaiM y^u, ai the 
special request of (be tsar, bo was enated a 
baranK. Ha attended him at the congtea 
ofVeeona in 182;!, and pnsHTibcd for hia 
when bttt«n hf a soarpioB. Wylie was isilh 
.Ucxander daring hie toor in ib« Criaica in 
l^'Ju, which iaiBiadiatcl]rpr«Geded hisdeslL 
He raf need to foUow tbe other pbnicieM in 
dedariiw nnpatatian of tlw tears ley naOM> 
cary, eUkJag hi* own head on reooverf, aad 
drew up acarefbl repon of the cattaea of the 
(Mr'K death. Dr. Koben I»« (1793-1877) 
[q. T.] dancnbcs him m» at thia tiixw indind 
to aoocfit tbe views of UabDcmann tbi 
boanxopaihini. 

Wylie coutinned to enjoT imperial CO*- 
Science nDd«r the next tear, Nichola*, and at 
his death held the olRce of privr couBcitlar 
and the ltu»ian otdar* of Si. ^^lsdilB!r. SL 
.AJrxander Nnwsl^, and Si. Anne, ae well m 
tbefarvigndccoratiamsafthalaigiona'' 
the red eagle of PnMtiB, tbe orova 
temberg and the Leopold of .\itstria. 
died at St. Petersburg on -2 March l»t 
daring no duldnn be left liie oocutdesnUa 
wealth to the tear, but a large huib ittnrttd 
in Britudi funds during his stay in Ifooilaa 
in 11514 went, after some litigation, to bis 
Svoltieh reUiivcB. His frugal habit* an 
deecribeJ by R. Lyall {TrartU in Ruma, 
464). His work in (lie improTement oft 
Riisaion boniiul a^ttem is deaoibnl in i 
• British and Foiaign Medical Review '{%■ 
L) nnd in the ' Luncot ' of 7 Aog. It07. A^ 
sistiie uf Wylie ws4 erected in 18A9 in the 
Medioo-Chirurgicat Acudemy of St. IVtet*- 
burg, which he had heluisl to found in 1800^ 
and a boapil&l atlaclieJ ti> the military eoe- 
demy at M. PetertbnrR ha» Imn rMnaih 
bnilt nut of the funds loft by Wylie tu th* 
tur, and is named alter him (.\XDKEEViXV, 
Q/elopadia, St. I'otersbuis, 1^92. 
WyUe published: 1. 'Ou tbe Amancan 



-, ae well m 
lofhono^iy 

Mria. H^ 



i 




Wylie 



«37 



Wylie 



Tclliw Fp»Tr,'St. Pet*r»burir, 1805, 12mo 

tin ItuMtian). 2. * I'liannacppiciB ciutrtiiuia 
(utbeniM;i908,8vo; 3tJ eJit, 1818; 4tl» 
Mlit. 1810. 3. 'PntclicHl Ob«ervation8 on 
tLe Pl«mie,' Moicow, Ifc'ft, 8vo (in [fuii- 
stao). 4. ■ Rapport officiol k Ha ftlnJMlA Im- 
p^Halo tiir In vnlnur camporfic dca utthodcs 
thfir^poxiiii)!!" nppliqufea dviB Irt Ii6pititiix 
miliUim ul i Saint-I'^tprsbouiy aux sujets 
Bttvinis de la niHtiidi^ ^pid^nnqiii! dile In 
cboltoi morliiis, avec ilea obavrvations pra- 
tique* niT U nittnro dii KAfiii ot eur C9 qiu 
Tod sppmnd pnr I'niiTnrtnra don cadflvrm,' 
St. P«t«Mbiirf, 1831, Svo. 6. ' D«wriptiaa 
do VopbthftlmiQ qui n ifivi parmi tu iroupca,' 
Si. iVtcubum, r«.tti. t»vo. 4. >M6tliod<!dt- 
gufriton dv k rkIh' ('Antialvft du I'art de 
giufrir,' uisi 1811). 

[Inromiaiiua kindlj' aiippliod bj R. A. Nnil, 
esq.. Ptmbroko CbU«^, Cumbridge ; Omt. Mdg. 
IH5l,i.3-2A; Luicct,iaUan'hlsa4; BriLMua. 
Cnt-i Biaic™pl>l" I'BitDnnlla. nouv. ^it. i R. 
het'* Lial ^T* o' Alviaiiilsr I nnil KInt Diiya 
of Niebatu. 1854 ; Joynf ville I Lifu inid TlmcR 
of AUxaodcc 1 ; Sflmiiv.lar'i Scerol ITiitcTjr of 
RiiwiA uiidHr AliiiJiiiiitir anti S'li-Im>1ilh ; Oiiin- 
logua nf Surg»on-OfUFnir«Libmrv. U.^^.A-iTbe 
KomUd Emperor •nd the !<ailor's Molhor. by 
A/put Itowin (Stirtmtt. IHTS].] li. Ln G. N. 

WYUE, JAMES AITKKX (180M 890), 
prot«atafit writer, sna of .lampR Wylin and 
h\» wifo, Miujpimt Korrr-Jit, niu bnm at 
Kirricaimr on fl Au((. 1808, lie ww edu- 
cated nl tbi! pariali scliool. nnd for three 
jeata waa a oludi-iit at )Iiirli!i.'liai Coltcfp^, 
Abetdoen, com plv ting hh utU course by u 
•MUOn at St. Andr<>wt iinil'.'r 'i'lK'ians Cbal- 
mtn [fl-'J Inl**^l>''*'nt<irmi iKp OriginnI 
8<CWHl0n niviniry Hall in I'^inburgh, and 
«Jt«Bd*d thi-clnsM^ofThoniniiMd.'riptlTTl'- 
lSSB)!'!!, T.], ttiu biograpber of Knoji. In 
18S8 Wjliu wna mm of elevi'ii divmily 
rtndetits who, wii>i twenty-ood tDLuistvrv 
and wvoD prvbatinnern of ilie original »e- 
CVMJon iTtiod, 'rtmnwiid tbn Rnvonnnlc' in 
Edinburfch. Ho wan liof^ninl on 1 l)v>c. 
I8S9, and he wan ordnincd at Dollnr on 
20 April 1831. In I'^Iti ho bfli^nmc iub> 
editor (uDd<>r Hugh Miller [u, v.') of tb« 
Eilinbiirgh ' Witness,' in nlwcii eight hun- 
dred of the loading nn.icl"* from 1^6 to 
1864 worn frtiin hi* pan. In I8'il hn nb- 
bUiMd the Kvuignlicnl Allianco pritn of 100 
^neaafor his n-nrk. 'Tlio I'njuifr: itjt llia- 
loty, Dogttiaa, Oeniuit, and I'rmspeota.* In 
181^ lio joined the Free Church of t^colland, 
uid became editor of the ' Fr«4^ Church 
Reord,' a ixMit which lie held for eight 
ycarx. In THKit Ur mmirvd th* doerea of 
L1,.I). from Abofdfon llnii-nniitj-. In 1857 
ho Rccurcd n priu: of ITtOL for a competitive 



eway on 'Ttio Ooiippl Minittrj: ttwi Wuty 
and l*rivile^ of nuppon.ing it.' Tn 18d<\, 
onthofoundntiunoftbit IVolMtant Inntitutc^l 
\V»lie wss upjKiintfxl ipptiimr on popery,' 
anil ibiii sppuiotinent ha held for thirty 
rears. On the occa«ion of his jubilen in 
IW) he was presented with Li» portrnit— J 
now in the I'rotMtnnt Inslilute — and a sum ' 
of aoo/. In 18S2,Bt the ageof wrenly-four, 
ht.' took a tour in Kgypt and I'alraliue. Ha 
died in Edinburj^b on 1 May 1800, and 
remaiuii were iuteirpd in Nuwington c 

In 1^3 Wylie married ICiiphMUia 
" was aurvivnd 



He 



twy. 

Gray, who died in 1846. 

by two daiigbtctn. 

Wylio dovot.od his life in every ponl bio 
way to ' ibu expoiiint of papal errors and 
tbe clear and fen-td countiir expo»itiou of 
the principlen of the Itcfartnation.' 

Besides the woiks <;iled abnvo, hx waa th« 
author oft 1. 'The Modem Judon.' (ilnigow, 
1841, ISmo. S. 'Scenes from iho Bible,' 
Olfwgow, [1844], ISmo. 8. 'A Journey 
over tho Itiuion of Ilnfiilfilled Prophecy/ 
Ediiibunb, lIMe, U'mo, 4. ■ ICuitis of Bible 
Lauds,' London, 181A, 12ma. li. 'PilKrimaes 
from the Alps to the Tiber,' Kdinbiirgh, 18.VSr, 
8to. a. ' Wanderincs and MiLiinffs in tho 
Vnlloy« of tho Waldonse*,' Londmi, ISi^S, 
firo. 7. ' Tercontenary of tbe Scoitisb Ito- 
formation.' Edinbuiflh, 1800, Svo. 8. • The 
OreatEiodua/London, l8«.t,8vo. O.'IIomo 
and Citil Liberty.' Edinburgh, ISfil, ftvo. 
10. ' Tbo Awakeuing of Italy and th^ Cri|ii« 
of Home,' London, [I80fSl, 8ro. 11, 'Tlui 
SuTr-iith Vial,' Ixindou. iim, 8vo. Ii', ■ Tho 
Ilo&d to ItoniR eid Oxford,' London, 184t: 
8vu. 13. 'I'ho IlouKvhold BibI- Dictionary,' 
Oltisgow. IS70, li \<>U. Svo. 14, • The Im- 

r ending Criais of the Church and thit World,* 
■oudon, 18il,8vo, Ifi, ' Uarbrenk in Spain," 
London, [18721 8vo. 1«. 'Tbe History of 
Prolwliiniiinn, London, ISM-r, 3 vo!«. Svo, 
17. 'The Papal Hinrarchy,' I.ondon, IKTS,! 
Svo, 18, • 'iV JeniitB,' I'/indon. l8><l,f*vo,[ 
Id, ' Ksypt and itn Futurn: a Visit to ib»| 
Land of tlio l'b«ra^ih»,' London, 1*ih2, >Ivo, 
20, 'Owr the lldy Liind." London. 1^88, 
8to, 21, 'Which Sovereign- <iuRrn Victiiri 
or Ihn PopoP' London, 188", 8vo, TJ. • Ui»- 
torv of ilic Scotii»h Nation,' London, 188ft- 
181X1, 3 voU. 8ro, Wrlioalso ediCMl Huwiv'i 
'Scots Worthie*' (1875), 'Life and Mi»- 
•ionarYTmrelsofthe Key, J.F, Ogle' (1873; 
and -Disruption Wortbitf* ' (ISSlj. Man;, 
of the above works ran tliroitgh more than 
ono edition, 

[Free Church of .Scotland MoDlhly (iritli por- 
trait}, I Aa|[. I8!I0^ Scotuman. I May IH80 
AUibono's Dictioaarv ; Brit. Mm, Cat.; infor- 
mntion rapplitd by Miia Wylia.] 0. 8-ii. 



■3). 




Wylie 



»38 



Wyllie 




WYLIE, WIU.UM HOWIF, (lh3a- 
]89I'l, bnpMl minUlcr niiil jimmntUt, con 
of William ^\'vIis■, block calico printer. 
Kilnuimod!, by uU wife Af^ui, diiUjibttTr of 
Jok& Uovriu of l.ucbcc^n, wan boni al Kit- 
Bonuickaiii 31 Feb. 1833. He vat eJucat^d 
ttt KiUuaraocIi. ait<) on U'^ring t^honl wft« 
(imployivl ill ilio officB of i1i« • KilcniiTiinck 
Joutnul,' anil bi'camn lora! coTn-dpondput for 
l.be f(i»»Kow 'Norlii ISrilUh Mnil." In 
1R4"-J10 b« yets jub-i-dilar of the ' Ayr Ad- 
TiTftiaT." I'rom Ayr lit- vrtnl tn Noltinc- 
bniu 0,1 1'dilor of tliv ' Xoltiiif^liiun Joaraal ' 
(ISW-i)). In 18.VJ-3 be w*» sub-fdii^r of 
Ihf 'Liverpool Ciwriir," nnd in ItUil-A wa» 
eililr>r of ibe * Vulliirti linmld' nnd niib* 
edit>>r of th* '(ibugow Common wml I h.* 
In iSAS Wylio Tttmored to lidinbutnh, 
wbero b(; bfcnine •u1»'«<litOT of ibc ' Ually 
Kipr«*."nt. tlie same liuw conttibuiing to 
the 'War T«I«^pb.' aiul fttlviKliiig tbo 
cUiwa BL tb« university witl) a vl«w to ibe 
aiiniatry. In ISM h* wmi prtuiideiit of tbe 
Unirtnity Ktldctic Soriotr, nnd jocm an«r. 
wnn]* b«cam« k Mudent nt Iti-fiirnt'a I'nrk 
CoMrffi', London, under Joofjib Ansui, In 
ISIIO hi! WBD Btrpoiiiled bHpliat minislFT of 
it&iDwy, IIuDliusduiithin-, and in l^*> li<^ 
iKtki tTBii(fi-rr«] lo Aonin^oii in I.ancwbire, 
Tlii^ L-lmrgt' h- limi lo roliiiquigh owing to a 
br»ak'iiiirriof hcAliU. llcn'tirrdtoOoiirocki 
but, hie beallh imprnrinjt, Iw nc^pted the 
jiaslontt^ of a c^uTc-b n1 ItUclqioriL Aftl^rn 
y(«ra imrk bo had to Rive tip ptciicbinfr. and 
rrmmfd Ihn profi^uioii of joamalist. From 
ISTO to l«7r be ncteJ ne Kub-cdilor of the 
' Ubriitina World,' at llic tiaiuu liiue writiiis 
til- parliamfiitiirv l«ler for the ' Nortli 
Britihb Mnil ' (luif lli.>'nri>«tiockTeli^a[Ji,' 
tbe Rnii linlfp''tiny PvrniTiic papi-r in ilritftin, 
of wluch bti wiu onn of tbo orlgina] pro- 
moter*, tbi- propricior b«iuB bii bfotlier-in- 
latr, J. I'oUock of Gn-t-nucli. Tbia paper 
Wvlif^ tditi-d more or 1«K4 from tb« alart. 
'Wliiluiii London he a.\ei< cunlributoil largely 
(o U,f 'I-mU Mall Gaioil*,' ■ IWio,' and rbe 
' Ffwinnn,' the organ of lbs bnpli>t«. l-'or 
ninny yenr« Wylin b1«'i coniribittod to the 
'Norlh UnliihSlail'twoeolumniof litomrr 
ni>t«spv«Tj Monday, and in 1F*7!) in ibouune 
papi-r there nnpiHuvd an inlviwiiinff turips of 
articln I>i>qi liu pen, enlilled 'The Ca4(lM 
and Maiwious of tli*- WVsi.' In IWi! he 
founded iu Glatgon the * (,'liri«iian I.eader,' 
and vrwi editor and propridtor of tbnt, paptrr 
till bin di-niA, nt Troon, Aywhirc, on t, Aur. 
1 8'Jl -lit- wn.i buried in St. Andrew's cbutcb- 
yard, Kilmnmuck, where b liaudnome monu- 
uieiil hat been ereclfd lo his memory. 

AVylie was the inventor of the system of 
reporiiiig verbatuu speecbee by turn!, and 





hiR invention was put to the tintl practical 
le*t daring lb" Liverpool election conteel of 
18.'>2. In pojtiin bt< WHS a liberal, and 
worked nrdfiiily for the ou>i-. 

On U Feb. 1861 \\'ylic mnrriod Hi>l 
Young, ruunj;e>t dnuEhtrr of Itobcrt 
lock ofOreeiiadc; alw iinrcived Itiin 
n daugliler nud a sou, William I'ol 
Wylie, managtr of tbu cotamevcial <le| 
ment of [be ■ Chriitiaa I.«ader.' 

Wylio waa the oathor of: I. 'Ayr«1 
StreMmi,' KilanrnorJi, IMl, 9vn (mprin' 
from 'Ayr Adrertiaor,' l84»-60). i ' 
and Kew Nuttingham,' Lotkdon, I8G8, 
.1. 'TTie Book of tUo B«ny«n Fettlvil . , 
I^ndon, 1^74, Hvo. 4, 'Tliona* Cad; ' 
Tbo Man and Jii* Books . . .,' London, 1 
8vo (tliif work waa writtea, print«d. 
publiibed within ilie apsot of tbar witdc*). 

i ttHftitt llnj!. ISQI ; StoUiah L«d«r. « .^ug. 
ISdl ; Chriitinn Lrndsr, 13 Anjr. ISOl : Trfux 
man, U Acn. I8U1 ,• Helenxbiu]^ Ttnu* (with 
portrait), 13 Au;. IBSl ; infornMion snpiiiitd 
by Wylio a arin.) G. S^u. ^^_ 

WVLLIE,f4in WILLIAM(l»O2-l»0t]H 
^□eral, colonel of ite rorol Dublin fu^^* 
liets, third «on of Juliii Wyllie of Jlolmbead 
l[ou«e, Kilinamook, fcurtcvor of taxM, by 
Eliiabeth, dangbter of Wfllinin BroivB tf 
Kilmamocl:, wa* bors at Kilinaniock on 
ISAuff. 1^^. iliffonr brothirrsnTTiiiubst- 
quetitlynll in the Indian arrny. Fclacat«d 
nt the Kilmnmock academy, William r«> 
ceircd a coinmiHion aicnxifpi in Ibe Uambay 
native infantry on 30 Anril 1810, was pi"' 
moted the next day to be lieutenant, u: 
arrivedin India in Auj^usl. Wyllie'afunhi 
cnmmiuions were dated : captain, 34 Di 
latS; br«Tet. major, 18 Not. 183ft; maj. 
!>3 Not. 1811 ; lie ntenant •colonel, 10 Ma; 
1817; brevet coIoiipI, 1 iVb. IS&l; colnni 
1-1 Mnrt^b 1867 ; mnjor-p?noml,!i8 Nov. 1 
lieutenaut-Keiivral, I'l Oct, IMtt; g* 
24 Fyb. 1871. 

Wjlliywried in 1622 and 1^33 in tbj^ 
DakhaR, Konkan, and Gujrai. 11" was i^^t 
cotnmnnd of a deUchmt-nt of 300 natir^H 
inCintry aont omini^ tbo rebel chief Hup 
Bin£, who in 18^3 gave trouble in tliq Soutu 
Muratlia country, lie became interpreter 
in Ilinduslaui, and quartertnaaier lo tbe »e- , 
cnod battulion of the lltb Bombay nati 
infantry on 9 May 16S9, and was traitrfeni 
in the luime onpnritT to the IBth Ikinba' 
native infantry .m sfj.Iiiiy 1S24. lie srr 
tbroughout tbo opefiliaiis in Kacb in I 
and I82tt. In May ]8^u be rrceivetj tl 
lliBtiks of Bir Ciiarlus Cultille [q, v.], 
mandef-Ln-diief, fr.>r bid fpiriteo oonducii' 
when nciiog ax adjutant of hit regioi^t, in' 
lui attack on a large body of robeu etrw^ 



Wyllie 



'^9 



Wyllie 



fortiiuM] CM tlie lieiglils of Jiraii. In De- 
GcmWr I^JGIm wiwiipiioiiitMlljngnilu-mnjof 
lo iIm Matwti field force, nud oa 30 ¥«b. 
HFii' nils poslixl lo Sholn|iiir. 

Ib ]P^W_vUtR niui appiiiiited briguU- 
mnjnr of thr fiVtt brijrailn uaatt iitfor-gtato- ' 
rkl (nftmranli Sir) Thomu WUUIurc [ii. v.] I 
cf Ibo Bombay columa of 'tbeumy of i lie I 
Indus' fin'thttUivsaiouof A^BoistAR. lie ^ 
nutit n-iib ibe oolamn br «m to Vikkar on 
tlii> Iii<ln«, About fifty inili<ioiu>t or Kamchi, 
(tn<l Itii^n marched u[> tUo tight lunk of the 
Indus to Sakkar, followiiig tbo Benitat 
column ibrougb ibe Bolan rata to (fiiallcot 
or (JneMa, and ihucoe through ibe Kboj&k 
Paaii. nrniiag al Enmlalmr iii Muv \VH9. 
Aftur a ivat of »iit wi)ck« Im mnrcirpd with 
llui army nnil'T ^iir John, firnt linrou KraiM, 
through AfgbnniHlnn, wax pn'iriil ol the oa- 
raiili oad capture of Cihomi on :^:iJul;r,aad 
at tho oocnpatiun of Kiiliul on 7 Aag. Ii* 
retaraedloQucltaKilb tlieUoEnbnvfDrCfHS 
nsautant udjuUnl'^iernl under VVill§liir«, 
leavinfir Kabul oo iS Si'pt. nnd marrhing 
throiigb ib^i Oliilui country by 'I'okarak. 
Ill-' column arrived at (Jiinlta mi 31 (Id. 
nnd left aguin tn attack Kolat on 3 Nor. 
W'yllui BCtompanivd lliu slorminK P"rty ia 
tho Duocesiful BHsault and capturt^ of tlial 
fortn-'M on 13 Noy. Afiur tbe captura ho 
fovuid Iiilht.-i:iTudeltli(<d«iiidbodyol Mafamb 
Khan, and had it conveyed to tbe tent of 
H'ilUhire, «hu wm, iiaawarc ihnt ihp Knlat 
chief hwl fallm. Wyllie w mrniioned in 
dnsjiHlciiM, wu thanked for bin (crvicc* hv 
WilUhiro iZmdm GaxrtU. IS Feb. IS40), 
and Tficnivcd bret'ot pvaraolion bom Iko dal« 
of tho ttonn uf Ralat. 

Uu n'turned to bis sUfT appointment at 
Puna ill Febrwuy 1840, and in August wao 
appointed biuadB-mRJOFofthntccandbri^n 
of the Sind lorac. On H Dec. bo iomL<d 
M ojar-||[Mipral (nftwwvrdi Sir) Richiira Rnff* 
liud's culitma ua brifnde-mujur. luarchiiig 
vritb it r«rly in Mami 1&42 from lludar to 
convwy Bupjilii-^ of money, atamuuition, nnd 
invdicined lo Mniorf eDernl (aft^nriipdH Sir) 
William Nott [ij. v.] at Kandahnr. Tlic 
eMay was oncnuntcred ut HaikAJiui ua 
S6 Hnrch, and the column wiu obliged lo 
fall bach on <jni'tla. It a^'ain adt anci^ uu 
'26 April, di-featcd tli« f'ncDir ou the 2^tb 
ut llaikalMi, nnd, (he Kbojnk Pw« having 
b«en cleared by Colonel Wyiner, mint froai 
Kandahar by Note, the colunin arrived Mfirly 
At Kandnbar oo 10 May. 

Wyllio retiimpd in AuRunt with tlic 
Bombay calnmii throusli itie Khojak and 
Bolon pUMs to Sind, wilbilrawiiir th« 
gUTiMDa ftom Quotta and Kain AMullah 
OD the way, and waa ni«nlii>n«cl in deqwicho* 



(ti, lUJan. IS13). On i Sov. 18iJ he' 
appoint^ csaisltuit udjuUnt-ffuncnil of tba' 
forces ill Stud and Balucliutan. took part in 
thnoperationsaniler8trCbaiUeNBpiec;i|.T.], 
and was sevcrelv wounded in the («rly pari 
of lb» battle of Miani on 17 Feb. IMS, 
NapitT mcetioiicd in hb da»|>atch of thft. 
following day tbtU Wyilio wax wound«4| 
wh«i leading up ihe bank, ' ([lorioualy aiii> 
matiog tho men to auatain the BhoGk at 
nunibM*,' And that no man had been tnot«>_, 
•ervieoabto to biin in nil tho pmviona ob 
tiona ({6. 1 1 April and 9 May 18^). Wyllio ' 
Ti-cvivnl for hill survioH tbo Afiihiui and Sind 
m t-dab and a brevet liout«n<uit-«aloiiclcy. nnd 
wMnifldeaG.D.(mililarydimian)(t6.4July 
1R>3). 

11« rrjoincd hia mgimrnl in Xovembfrii 
and commanded thn tmopi cniployM] on i ~ 
ooBsi during the rebellion in the 3ouib 
Mamtluk counlry in 1814 und lUtS, rocoiving 
the eovenunent'a approval of bis mi^aiun!*, 
and espei^ftlly of the capttm* of rtbt-la in tho 
villBKoof Kandaiili on ^ March i^ir^. lu 
3dnT M went on furlough ro Kogland, and, 
on bin return to Indin.nAi appnintotldeputj ' 
adjutatit-BL-nural of Ibc liomlmy army "~* 
17 Jan. I84if. In April ]!^U he wo* ma_ 
B brigadier-geuenl of tbe aecond clan, an 
given ihe oommaad of the Bonnbay garri* 
In FehntoTT )8A5 bo wa« appoiuc«l to ih 
commanil n] tb« brijnde at AAmadnanr. 

Wyllie Irft India for good in 1609, Hfl 
wax appoinied cnlomol conmandant of th 
I2ili Jlumbav infantry on II Mnrtb 1667^ 
colonel of tue I09Ui Bombay inbntry «■ 
SO Sept, tfiOd, made b knigbt conunon^ < 
ibe onier oi tbe Balk (mililary division} i 
Sd May IStlA, transfernd to the colonelwe 
tW royal Dublin fiuilioTS oa 14 Feb. lS7t 
n^ccivcd tbo grand eroM of (bo ordtc of tl 
listh (DulilnrydiTuian)anS Jubd1877, and 
retirea from ibu aerrice on « pennan 
I Ocl. of that yrtr. He died of infltMo ^ 
ndtr a few days' illnetM at liia rwdtnoai^ 
li Iju^ensbomiigb Terrace, IjOudon, va 
i.'fl Mfiy IHfll, nnd »M bnricd at Keo»al 
(irocn on 30 May. 

^^'yllic marri(-d. in 183], at Sbnlapur, in 
Bom bHy i'rusidmcy, Ami'Iia (6. l8Cm),iUusb- 
t«r uf iWbords lltitl uf Appluy, liydi-. Isle 
of Wigiit, and niiiler of Sir William Hull 
[q. v.] She died in .Innunry 1891. Thxn? 
WMonvecbildrtn of tJic marrug«: |1) -loliii 
WilIiam8haw(Mobnlow). (2) Fnuirif It 
beet Sluw (A. 18S7), 'Bombay civil M^ricit,"' 
tindet-wcreUn to gOTvnunent of Uombay, 
retired in 1876; aecretary to tho army pur- 
chase contniMion, 1886-BI. (») Williun 
Untl CuKon <*. 1849), lionieosnt-colon«l 
Indian ataffcorpt, coroptnion of the Indian 



Wyllie 



140 



Wyndham 



P 



Empire, and p>)!ilicAl rMideut in Jodhpur, 
RajiiulHiio. (llKniilf K!ua,mftrri»dinlBJJ() 
Riglit Hon. Williiini Pntricli AJum [q.v.lof 
Blnir Adftm, N.B; »hc wii« givnn in ISS2 
tti« rani! of n bnroncfs widow, nnd Appointed 
A member of ihu order of iho Crown of 
India; uid (G) Flori-ricu Ami^liii Julio- 

JoHJi WlLLIiH SHiVf WttUB (1836- 
18T0), ihe iildwi. ■on, wns iKirii at Puna, 
Bonib«f Pfwidnnev, on 6 Ocl, ISSfi, lie 
Ctmo homn in IB41, vtax itdiicutisl at iho 
Kdinburih Ac»d«n_v, nnd Bftccwnrdii with 
lii# brolEcr Frank al Cbcltenliaoi Ct;Jl(!ffe. 
IK- won an (ipi«i scliolarslLi|i at Trinity CW- 
If^, <.>]if'jrd 1 1 f*M), rvsiirniiiK one prtmousl; 
gaiued al Lincoln. In l^'>n,havin|^(>btalni^ 
a flrit claM in modirntiniii, hii cntPivd the 
Indian civil iwrvico, and wu» nppolntwi on 
SS Jnn. IfiOS tbird ai^iiidlant polilii^ul agcint 
in Kulbiawar. IIi« »«rrieei« Ibi^re. partrcii- 
larly iu trau«1aliiig Ciilonel Ijatig'a ' iMuUi 
8humtti' • GuJBTtti collfctinn illiinlTaling 
the conunon law of thi? 2'24 nntivn atatns 
which than madi^ up tliu ^irorinco of Knthio* 
wor, wore favournblj notippd. 

Alter Ht'n'ing ui tinawiitaut oonimiaiiioiicr 
in tlie Bara Banki and Liicliilow 'ii«trio<«, liu 
bevanie etrly in 18m sf»i«t.niit uicrt'lary to 
Sir Oeor^ Vutn, then oHiciatin^ u cninf 
Ooromiieioner of thn prorinri!, and in May 
1863 wo* fulcclcd for thu Culeutlo luscui- 
tsriat. On hii ruCum to India af)i.-r fiirloutfb 
(IBSl'ft) ha i^intM] chei conlidvucH of ttiu 
govcnior^'nvral, Lord lianrtince, and at hia 
rwiiiesl IjBcame Ibe exnonpnl of bis fomign 
policy in an article piibliibn) in thn ' ICdin- 
bur|;b BiM-ivw' inJnnnnry ISOr.andtnlitlod 
'Tlie Forpipn Policy of L-wd Lnwrcnce,' 
which powcrrnllT aiFi-Pled public (minion. 
Wyllio madtt all the arfanjr'.'int-iits lor tbt' 

STind durbur iit Agra in November IWM, 
ttiliiHT bt-akh compf lli'd him to rotHm bom* 
in ISfiT, and in thi- follo-n-inc j-cnr hn wn« 
pereiiadn} by bi« uncle. Sir wiillam IlntI, 
togivnup bis Indian cart'erfor bomi- polilici. 
He nucci-Bslulty contested the city 01 Here- 
ford in the liberal inttnuit in isdfi, but was 
nntcQiud 011 pelitioii. On 2 Juno ISflfl he 
Tas made a C.H.I, for hU Indian n'rvicca. 
He dieil in I'aris on 15 March 1870, nndwM 
••mporarily intfim-d at Montmnrtrp. Iiii nt- 
main» bcinff n-nioved to K<?nBal Oroen cemi" 
tpry when flic Fmneo-flf rman war was over. 
A niL'inorial ralilet, bearings hin pffi^ in 
marble by Wonlnrr, wan crc'rtrd in iho 
Bcbool ch«pel at Chidicniinm, and n »cholnr- 
ship of 701. ayieor, to ba lield by Clioltcnbnra 
boy* proceed in([ to Trinity Coflrpe, Oxford, 
wa» founded in hia memory by irii'oda and 
old Mlioolfelloiri*. His early death was 
t-mcntcd in apvcches in tho House of Com- 



3 



mona bj Sir Motintaliian Grwnt 
Sir Oi«rp! TrvTvIyan. 

Of bin pcriodickl MMjs ths IxM iDom* 
werv 'Moclcrly IiMRlivity' (^RfhMulf, 
neperaber 1869), nucceeded in Mkfcb IKVI7 
' MitchisvOiUH Acti«i(T.' He aUo eaatrJiMiiM 
to the • C«rnfaiU,' and to tb« ■ Edialmqth* 
and ' Calcutta ' review*, bee ides letter* to the 
' Timp^a * and otb<^ ji>nmnl» on llie affidn tl 
C'cntml Alio. Soma of hi* ■ Buava on th> 
Eilmuiil I'olicT of India * w>tr« publisbtd la 
1^5 in u Tolnnip Fdi!ud,wilb a •nOrtDIMnoir, 

by Sir W. W. Iluuter, and • poctrsit. 

[BWkaad Wbita, A JuM 1M1 (withpanail 
of Oamnl Wyllio): India OAm Sanmb; Dm- 
patchM: Ubim (L:>nilon), 29 lUv 1891: S3- 
maniMlt SUndard, 30 Ma; 1901 ; brfaiifi Bad 
of ScalamnD : ProfenioBa] hpats of tfaa Coap 
of Rrijvl Eoginerr*, toI. iii., Oeeaaioiia] iWr 
SeFi«. 'Arghnntiinn;' StoeqiMlar'a Mnaon^ 
of Afighaniiitnn ; Knyr'n WhAdij of tha Wai ■> 
A<tEhani«ran, 1838-43 ; lifa and Opininna at 
^ir Cbarlai Jiudu Knpior; Tha Coaaaat nt 
^iad : priratc iarormation.] R. H. V. 

WYNDHAM. TSm ako WixDHUL] 

WYNDHAM or WINDHAM, S» 
Cn.MiLKS, Kcund RiKL of KiiKSHST 
(l7IO'lrm), stalK^mau. bom on IS Aj*;. 
1710. and baptii^id at St. MartinVinHhf 
Fields on tbi^ %th, wax ton and beir of 8t 
William ^Vyndliam.batt, [q.r.], of Octibinl- 
Wyndham, Sottierael, by hi» flrM wifr. 
Kalln'riiie, daughter of ChafiRs SfTmoar. 
■ixth duke of Soiu<?r«Hi. He matricnlatadai 
Cbriit Church, Oxford, on 4 May 17S6, tnm 
Waatminitor Bchool. Ho waa elected to tV 
llouaeof CoQimona fbrnridg«wat«r in 1731 
in th« tory intcreat. Having loet hia Mit 
thereat th»s<^eral olaction of 1741. tie wa* 
returned ihrough the Tnfton inRnenoo lor 
Appleby. But in the neir partiamant W 
changed his politics, and oB^ded ibe falnia 
ofhii bomufch (Lord Tbanec) by suppoftiK 
thr propoaal of thn whi^ gniF<^nimeBt fcr 
takiuir ilnnoverinn Iroopi into Brittth par. 
He now Ifft ibu partj' of tho Ptim* oC 
Wales, and uttacliM him«elf to Lord CW- 
teret [nee C*Bn!BCT, Jobs. K*hl Cku- 
vh.i.hJ. In February 1*14 Mhe connrttoa 
of Sir William Wyndham' iieonvdcd Lord 
llnrtinftton '■ motion of luiipnn to tie iauf 
aguinBt the imprndinKinvoaionby tberoani 

fret«nder (H. Walpole to Sir It. ilum, 
6 Feb. 1744); and after tlie nbelli'si ra 
over even wont co far ae 10 call Lotda B^ 
mn-ino and Kilmarnock ' malebetai%' fff 
which Lady I'nwnshcnd qitarre11«d with I ' 
(to Ueorm' Moutnjjun, 13 Anji. li4S). 
Meanwhile he bod in Junn 1740 nc 
to hia father's baronetcy and Somenetc 



Wyndham 



141 



Wyndham 



•nd wM iMiablfiil to gnt himic-lf ntUTDrd in 
1747 for tbn familv borough or Taunton. 
Uc wfts dMted nt th« tame liai« for Cocker- 
roouih.butprerertudiliuSoaienetseat. From 
Ikie iiiii<^ bi> dr«« cIo«er anil clnuir to tlin 
wbija, ullyiDK hinwelf moiv c»p«:inlly witb 
tbii l)ulcu of Xnivcniktln. 

In Febmnfj- IT-W Wjndhnni iohi-ritcd the 
Cumberland and Sukwix caUit«s of liis tiia- 
tvrnal uiicK', AlRcnion, oeveiitli diike of 
SonMinpt. Suinvnc^ had been crenled Knrl 
of EgTvmonl and Barou Cockcmtmith, and 
MCoraing to the l«rm» of the put cut bU 
amlitfw aiicceoded to them title*. 

On S3 March 1751 E^most nmved in 
tb« lIoQie of I.onlii thv addram of cundo- 
Icncn with the iinv im thL* duath of Frede- 
tlek, princv uf Waici. In the aameyear he 
wfta appoiult'd lord-lie ut«n ant of Cuinbnr- 
land. lliithviic^Iorr-'dhUnortliamMtiitM, 
and lived ainuitc iintirclj nt Petworth Iloum 
in SiUBcs. 

Tbnagh hi- rnielv took port in dabatM, 
EgremoDt'* politiuu reputation steadilv lU- 
cftaieJ. Earl Temple, ou d April I7S7, de- 
dued bimdMtiuiKl 10 be another Pitt (Gn»- 
tiUe Puprrt, 1. 10.1). fn the courm of the 
S4TBe (OEnmar l-'a^ivtnont, who vru now 
cloMlyconnMInd will] I'oi.wnii apjironfUed 
with the view of bis hecomina »ocreiarv of 
»Utc in thi! ministn- which Jamu« Waldn- 
grvve, aecond (^ar1 Wa1de(p«v« [q. v.], at- 
Wmpted to form (A. i. 100 ; WaiAgravr M^- 
imtif*, p. 120). Ho at llrst acMptcd, but 
»ftAm-nrda withdrew hu potiwnr, IIp lliin!!y 
left town. dcclnrjuR he kiww notliiug of lliu 
matter ( Wnlpolo to Mann. 20 April, tf Juii- 
17u7). In till) apnn^of 17U1 hr viaa tiami^d 
one of the Dritlab T«praeaDtativea al Aug«- 
bnrg, wh«re a coDgroat wias to meet to sn 
r«Bg« tormii of peace with Frnnco. lloth 
KU and Nnwcostti- bud n^i^nmmctidnd him 
ibr ibi* cmploj-mtnl yChiilkinn t^orrrsp. li. 
IID, Butv to I'iti). Tite fuiifTTiTiB never look 
place : but wheu in xhv fullowin|{ Uutober 
Tilt rMifoed the 8«alfl> £grvmo[it siiect^eded 
him n« wcreinrr of stots for the (outhirn 

& depart none, tin hnd two monthji bi'fnni 
Inly) boim »worii of the privy counpil. 
Kmuinvd in oliiee for tbe rest of bis 
life, Wrvins But^Otiuivcly undl^^ Newtiiutte, 
Sul«i anil GeoTKH Oivnvill«, who had mar- 
xisd hit aietor Eliubetti. With the last- 
nanwd he alliod bimsnlf rlngelvi and, like 
litm, never tborouKhly idrntitiiid himinlf 
irith the 'ldns'« friend«.' Wf. mnintnined 
relUiouB with Xtwcnatle and the Yorkes; 
and the staunch whig Ilardwivkc, wriliau 
to LorI LytteltOD when Eg-n-moui touk 
office, iixpre««ed the e«t««m and honour he 
/elt for him, adding that be feared nothing 

VOL. LXlll. 



I VOL. LS 



in hu Koan but pn'rarioun bcalth (Hard-j 
wiok- to Lyn.-tui[i. 17 0«. 1701). Iturinff i 
hia Aral tll^ of ufflei! EgrMoontl 

vasengaKtHi m lione with Spain, oo> 

cn«iaRod by thu ii-iMiiof lite Iloarboti faiiuly 
compact. Ili* tint officinl act was to lo- 
st nict Qeorge William llvrrcy, accond Earl 
of JiriBlol[q.T.l(lheBritiaheuvoyatMa«!rid). 
to uiahe paciDo aasurenoM, but to dnmana 
proof that the Spanish underniandinD with < 
Friiire cootninod notbioK Wtile to iMiglich.] 
iniRivsis. Tbi« docpatdi anieara toharaf 
been concocted between the ltin(f and E!gr»- 
mont, even Bute bmoji koiit in ignoninne of ' 
it (NewCMllH to lliirdwiclic. 20 Uct. 1761). 
In the abortive m^tiatiuon wliiuh followed, 
the object of vliicb n a« 10 show Spain that 
the rejection of Pili'e advice to declare war 
wns not duo to timidity or division of 
couhhOi, Esremont, according to Newcastle's 
•ecrctar)', llugh Jonea, wan ' oppoaed to any 
•oft«nuig.' On 19 Nov, hoinnlructcdDriMol 
le demand au immediale clear <'X|)liioalioii 
from Spun on the aubjeot of the family 
conipactT and in a ' moat aecret' letter of the 
tame date nrdervd him instantly to quit 
Uadrid, 'if either direct It or hy iinplicniion 
any agreement to ioin I'''niac», or any in- 
tcnliuu to. ahould be acknowledged' by the 
Spaiuah court. His rvply to the memotwl 
01 Fu«at«a, the Spnni'h ambsMador in Loo- 1 
don (ii»iMd on (liri'imns day 1701), baa' 
been called n miulRrW date pni>er, and hia 
declaration of war (J Jan. 17t!2) put tho 
!*i>unittnls t'oniplelely ill the wtong. In th« 
folloiviiig Mart.'!i Kt;remout was ic|)OTt«d to 
U* dviug of au apoplectic seizure (Walpole 
to Mano, -a Mari^h I7di)), bat bfi roou r»- 
covonvl, and wna cniEsgv^d ihroii^bout tb* 
year in conducting negotiations for pMM . 
with France. Willi (iroiivills and 3dao»* | 
field lie apposed the pcBcc-nt-Any-price views 
uf Bute, more particularly insitting Irom tha ' 
fjnt upon some equivalent beinr given fot 
the Havaanah. But Bedford, who was lie- 
gotiating the tmnty nt Parid, deelared that 
the French rocorcrod in I,.ondnn the ground 
ibey loit in I'arix, owing to tlic conferences 
Keremont bad with the l>uc de Nivcraais, in 
which ho allowed certain qiieitions to bo re- 
upuued [see ICcmbll. John, fourth Diike op 
BRDraEii]. Bedford himself com[ilained la 
Uut« that E^mont put bim 'on a wor»e 
footing than be wnuin put one of th« clerka 
in bin own office,' because the cabinet had 
he«n induced bv him to aRTce that the pro* 
lidinnriea should be submitted to the king' 
befurebving signed, Buteiirevailed upon the 
kiug to interfere on behalf of Bedford ; but 
in the interview Egremont remained firm, 
though Ueorg* III 'epokedag^ra'lobimond 



Wyndham 



»^» 



Wyndham 



(]i«iiirilk(Bigli*b>Be<lbra.a0Sept. ITdi). 
AnBtUmpt(nadot«M>pu»tethnbrotbcr*-in- 
Iaw in till; i-itrly Kimunrr, by indiirinfi K(;n>> 
miinT. lo tnkn ihn vicnrciynl'ty nf Irr^land ia 
I'xrliango for the maU, bid Gulod; but in 
October (.IrrnviUo caiiwiit«d 10 Rivit up the 
Icndunliip uf tbe commoiiii lu Fox. and to 
excbxu^ tbe M*l« for iLe «(lmirallr. Thu 
nlalions b«itwnin EgTfaDOnland Itciffordbe- 
canw aevenl^ (tnuii<d ; but thn fonner «iic- 
ceedvd in fniiiiiigovcrButRnndihcnuijaiiiCj 
of Clw cabinet to his viewt abuul Ibi-lmnaof 
pcaco.stiilwheiitbepn.ilimlnariuswf'roriBiied 
on 2 Nov. il iru« Hgrved thai Floriila tbiKiId 
be (^Tim iu excbfttiKii for tbe nveotlj cup- 
lun-d Hatftnnab. tii^bybndchatmd ^n- 
moui with 'cordial hatred' of iMfiMdand 
niihchinf- making for iti otrn salip, but Fox 
thnu([ht that OkhvUIu oiid Mnnnlirli! wero 
nthor to bc> blamed. Jiiiiiiu diwlan-d thim 
trna a moinmt. al which Eer^ujoiil ' meant lo 
have TMiMed [the peacej had not a fatal 
klh*i57pn»Tail(ido»OTht»fceu1tieii'(r.etl« 
to tha Dultti of Bedford, 19 Sopt. 1769). 

Fox, in memorial ho prnpurcd for Bute 
aftrr hi* Kdifpatioo, Haid tliat in 17B3 Egn- 
mont waa ' led by Mana6etd through Oeorge 
GmiviUe to very bad purpofte, aud tallud 
publicly of tli« oecwil^ of irtdeaing roar 
ootTom hy a reconciliation with thp Onbc 
of Ncwc-iwtlp.' Sincp Bntr rnnK inrooffino 
Epv'radnl'ji atliludo tuwnrdii him had born 
that of ' a uaultfui, lumjiisL, Hour friend,' 
vboiti »iii:?erity was opeu to duiibl. Vut 
Egtcmoni ia uid to hnvo beeu MiecMd to 
IitmIc the news of hia favourite's retirement 
toOeorce III (Watjiols to Q«ors« Montacu, 
14 April 17fl3). 

In ailditinn to hi* diinnitcs n^ith Ant* and 
Bedford, KgremoiilhaddilloroneeawithShel- 
biinu! (whom thul(iL^,on theadviceof Man*- 
ttid, supported afainst him) on Aniuricau 
a^r«. BpWMont, on R May 176-1, enclosed 
U} the pffsidimt ofthchoaro of traiitia paper 
in which ho a«ked for n n.-port ' in wlint 
way lent burdcnaomL- and most pnlolabln 
to tlip I'olontM cun thuy coiitribiitir townrdi 
the Rupport of Ihu additional expeiuv which 
^ntut attend their ciril and military esta' 
bliihuieRt* upon t!i« nrrangempnts which 
your lordi>hipii *hall propoio.' Upon ita 
reoeption bo mfmi-d to allow tho dnpnrt^ 
ment to cormipond direct ly with tbi? colonial 
railitarr oHiPiaLj ; and when Sbrlbiimo cited 
tbo order in council by wliich it was in- 
Mracted to do 80, EgremoDt had to admit ho 
bad nerer r«ad it. Shctlbume, on bii side, 
rMii!ted thp «i<cr«tory of gtnto'n nropot^l to 
include in tbe new province of uannda all 
till) Britiah jioMRiMOui in the cootincnt of 
North AaMica. 




Whf'n Bute retired from officx in .^t 
IfOSGr^tnriUefiuecwHledfaimaiprfaiier. 
brolhen- in-law wilb Halifax, ib^otbavmt*- 
tnrjr of Klatp, fnrroml a kiwi of IriantrfUr 
Kbich carried o«t tbn kin^a wialiea, bat ■*■ 
ai*i«d tlw aecTBt ioflncneo of Bute and op- 
pMed a Hfeneral proeernition of Ihe irhiga 
The king emploj-ed E^tretnont to tadan 
Ilardvicle tn join tbe niini<lrT. In an latic- 
riawonlSMay %r«[n«nfprofcvod lonk 
of all 1 king* t o Ma tha bat toni Mtf ndminitn!^ 
tion] widenod,' tK'aig in it tlw intcrMt tl 
botb kio^ and oauatrT, and ntada stnmjtt- 
claiationatbat, ahoutd badiscowr tLalBuw 
Mill had auf iuAtieace, be wnuM immedittilf 
* have DOthnair move to du' with olBaib Tht 
coRfntnDCM vvre rmunaed inlhc*amM«.lb> 
chief difficnlty betnrtbe reAdiniaaJannf Nf>- 
caatle to povrur. Which tlte trium*inue <»- 
poMd. BgruDont waa an«>riatt>d with Hife- 
fax in tbe pmwcution of Wilkee for No. M 
of the ' Monk Briton.' Aoconlin^ to AIm 
he jrovethiaineueDgeR verbal ordrro to «qiur 
WiikM'ahAiiae^vennt. n>idiii}Hit, and Io*bm 
hi* person and napMa, AfV<-rliiB arrest Efie- 
nont aasistod Halifax in raaminiof; WilkM 
who *f[Tievously wounded tbe haughty dig- 
nity attempted to be aa*iuBed t>^ Lord'Epi^ 
mont.' when committed to the Ttnnr d» 
demafOgue'deAiredtobeeaiifimidiBlliiiWM 
room men Sir Williant Wyndbon (Efw 
mont'a lather) had been kept on a cbam «l 
Jacobitiam' (Wji.i>olb) ; and when in wii 
in the following Augnat he wae chalkaftd 
tu a duel by a Scota t«ptain in tbe Pmck 
Mnice, uaiued Forbos, he pleaded in exMM 
a ' previoas account he had to aatlle «ilk 
I^rd IC|[r«tnoni.' Walpole la aoeptioU w W 
tho icalitv of thin enga^meat, whicb F,ffe- 
mont did not live to fulfil. After Haid- 
wicktt'* rejection of ofHni on S Aog. 
hiuf- had promiaed t.list if within tea i' 
he could nut bring him over, h«> wool 
abaodM) the attempt and 'strenffiben 
handa of bis three taliuatera ' (Gkexti: 
Itiary). But on tho IBth inst. be m 
by bm lanjfun^ to tho lecretariea and < 
villu to bo ' m the rcaolulion of okan^iig 
bis minidlera ' (it. ) Next day, howttw, tht 
kii^ saw the two aecmtuica (KeFMnont 
andUalirsx), ' and aeaiMd men indtned te 
abidohybi« tlienpream1iB[nieter*'(Ct.) On 
the Sift nrcnville was on hia way to gn« 
Egrumont an occnimt of a aiiutlarlT bT«^^ 
able interview which he bad just 1tad wjlk 
Ueorge ID, when be wa* mat by Dr. Diid- 
oon, who told him that tbe aectvtUT mt 
stTUck down with an apoplexr and wa«||aM 
hope of reoorvry. ^ alpole. in t*«o«nliDj; 
Lis seinre to Sur IIoiKa Mann, writeathit 
'•vwybody knarw be wotild die nddml.v; 






Wyndham 



'4S 



Wyndham 



li« Hwd no exerciss swl coulil dot. be kepi 
from min^Z Hr himwlf had md > fnw 
ds}-> bnfoMhU death. ' Wnll. ] tiit*B but thrvo 
turtle dinacn to cone, nud if I xirvive tbam 
I Bbatl be iiniDi>Tt«l ' ( Walpcle to Maiin, 
1 SmiI. 17(13). K^Kinont'a dealb ptil aii mid 
to toe tntimr'itAte. Though tbe king bad 
qaiu imtie up his niinil lo get rid if ilwm, 
and bnd nlrondy bf^un nneatiftiiniiii with 
Pitt, hn fbowrd gnnt concern nt the event. 
To HdliCut, irbo went to nnnoiiDce the end 
(whiali took pUaa at Egnimotit Hoiuxf, 
PiccadiUf , St Kight iu tlie HTcnit^g of SI Aug. 
1763), h« ' tij>ok« ia very higb «onimeDd*ti(in 
of bini;* And in ihe tfit> succwding djij* 
Kpoko to OmoTilln ' of notliinK but Lmd 
EftRinuEit,' uuking biia rivo ' n vonr par- 
tioiUnr oooaaDt of bit will' (Ure^illb, 
i>«riv>. 

All MtLDUtM of E^t«mciutV cbaract>/r 
»a;n<$ in aacribin^ to bioi • largu shore of 
wn iniMdiottto pndo of hia mnlvmftl griuid- 
&ther, 'tbenrotidDultc' of Rfiinnrut. Wal- 
polo aUa uldi lo hii bitd quolitio* LU-iutiiK, 
sTsrii^i.-, and an iiica|>B(^iiy lor apcoking tho 
trutb. He dttiiieabim parliam(>ularv abilitj 
KBd butneu capocitv, biiT oliuwi liim bu- 
mour and mnao. CWtorfleld tbousht bim 
aclf-oulficinDt but incusble. 1.0M Stan- 
bopuV pcoaouncamcnt tbat Kgnanoat oirnd 
]u« BdT«iic«ineiit to bin fatbcit^ nemo ratbor 
tbui to bia aim abilitiua *e#ins acarccl; 
MBtble b view of th« fact tbat for tbi? 
graa t w part nf bit cai«er be wa« ia dose 
allianeo iritb loadina; whies. 

EgKinant married at. .^t. (ieotgo'ii, Ilan- 
orer Square, on 13 March ITSI (N.S.), a 
RAgniag beauty, Alicia Maria, daughter of 
George Oarpwuor, aeoond boroo Carucnm uf 
Kiill«rii7, and aiaiw of tbe fiiat Earl of Tirr- 
eooui^. In 1761, when she was a lady of 
tli« bedehambor to (Jiinwi Chariot!*, some 
TOTKci weni writlnn in bnr bonour by Lords 
Lvltvllon nnd [Inrdwiokp, In Juno 17*57 
alM niarned, an ber somntt biubniid. Count 
BnUi Wd •orvincd till I Jun<? ITtlJ. By 
bar nanisffs witb Eumuuut thu bad four 
■OM aod UkTM daiuriitom. Of tbe latter, 
Sliaabeth marriad Ileufy Herbert (after- 
wards first Bsri of CamaTTon); and Francos, 
Cbarles Manhein. fint carl of Komncy. 

Theddval aun,Ocoi)rFll'Itric[i Wyndbam. 
ikitdearl of Egritinoiit.iaavpanitvlytioticvd. 
Of tbe yotinnr aoBs, P<-ray Cbarlea Wvnd- 
IiAoi <17fi7-lM3), tacretary and clrak oi the 
eouttaofBarbadiw,diednniD&Tried{ Charles 
WiUtan (1780-1928} laftiuiiwae; Willinm 
PreiVri«k (1783 18281 wm twicr mnrrird : 
tint lo a natural daiiKblcr of I^rd Iloltimori', 
•ad aeooudly to Jului de tJmorsBwaka, com- 
d« SpTtarid ; tlw eldest ton by tbe 



I Umt d« t 



first wifa aDeecccled Us nude «a ibuih eait 
of Sgramont. A ponmii of Egranoat, fu- 
graTod Bfl«r E. llardiii^, in at Potvortk, 
ivbero in aJxo ■ painting by liudaou, •»- 

Cved byATkell,ortliD cDunt«as and one of 
sons. 
[Biuka'a Bitinct Pmim|*: DoyU'* OBolal 
Bftroasca; O. E. C[okar**p^ pMrasa: Ont- 
Xan. liM. p. Hi ; HiLrrin'i Life of Harjwicke. 
iii. VlU-J , Si»-9. 248. Sin. III). JiO. 3'2(l. SAO-.S, 
ntt!) St »n\. ; UnaiillD Pspiir\ Tola. i. an>l ii.; 
]t«lfunl IJurrrtp rijl. iit. pamiui ; WulpnU's Htm. 
uf OoirKclI. i. 80, iii. S.of Omrife 01 (Barknr), 
i. 43, Hi. tS9. ii. 216. 219. 23t. and Ltlt*n 
(Canninthiini], villi, i-ir. piwiini ; lltiihnp St«- 
Uia> Lifp and Wuriu, i. 68. 8fr; Cli'vtorfluld'a 
Cimtp. (ISIft). ii. <78. iv. 388; Allxraark'a 
ttackinithniii nixJ hi* Coniempnnirita. Tul. i. 
ch. 111. : Pii>n]niirl(»'* Lifu of ^clliarnr, i. 189. 
S47-8. 3Sfl rt t*Q.-. tVrgiiU'iu'i Caiaberlacd aad 
Wmmcnolond M.Pj. pp. 117. IIS, 121. 127; 
Mm. IMunj'nAiuohiiisr. ii. l<W,iii.421. iv.U4; 
Ijinl HtATiluiji'-'* tli^t- *j( Kn^ljinil. toIh. it-v.; 
AlmoD) Ugaiuiniof WiUiM. pp. lOD. 2U. 310-1 : 
Araold'* Patwmtli ; Mtimiy'* llaadbocik of 
SiiMai.filli *d. pp. 132-8; Krnna'k Cat. Baitr. 
PuTtraila. Uaoy uf GftnuDuut* most impoitant 
dcipatdiM aiv ooatiunKl ia his cormpaoduiM 
nilh Ntwcaatio (ITS 0-62) amoag Addit. M^3. 
3272O-3J0fl7. psaiiai.] (I. La O. S. 

WVNDHAM or WINDHAM, PHAN- 
CIS {d. Ifi92),jndge, waa the j^andioa of 
8irTbomaa WyiKlLam ofFelbngg in Norfolk 
[eee under WTXoaait, Thomas, lAlO:'- 
IRW], and tbe »*Oond son of Sir Kdmilnd 
Wyndham of l-'nlbric^ by bis wife Susan, 
daujfhtAr of Sir Ilo^cr Townabcnd of Kain- 
bora in Norfolk. Sir Edmund wa« alicriffof 
Norfolk durinjt ibe rebalUun of Bobert Kott 
fq. v.], and waa aciire iu mniraMiiitf it. 
Frances waa «duoat«d at Cambriiuw, perbBpe 
at Corpus Chriati Oitlega, and cailea tn tb» 
bar by th« sociftty of Lincoln's Ion. If* 
iMcamo a bunebei in 1069, and in 1A7S waa 
aiitanm rwdcr. He reprcavnti-d iNorfotk in 
tbe parliament which sat frou iTiii till 
IGdS. In October l&i 3 his uamu appear* iu 
special commiMion of oyer and tefuiuutf for 
Norfolk. In tlie award dat*d 31 Uay lfl7£ 
settling ibn mntrovorsiM botwann Gtaat 
Vnrmoiilh and tbo Cinqun porti b>; appnnra 
HI an orbilnlnr. In lo77 bo waa madu a 
si-rii-nnt ; in 167S lie waa elected n-cordcr of 
Norwich, and ia apoken of as a justice of 
tbe O.vford circuit ; and in IfV'd h« »uo- 
ceeded Sir Rog«r Atanwood [q. v.] in tba 
court nf commnn plnas. Ila was placed OB 
the commimion of oyer and terminer for 
Warwichakire and MiddUacx, constituted 
on 7 Due. Ifi83 for tbe trial of John Samor^ 
villH [q, v.] and otbeis for Lij^ iiwtaoa, and 
in thalfur MiddIeeesociiutitut«doDSOF«b. 

b3 




Wyndham 



S44 



Wyndham 



]^l>«)te tbe tTi«l or Wllliuu P>n7 (J. 
ISan fq.T.lfbr thv Uk« oSkotx {Itfp<irl' <^tlM 
Vryuty Kftffr ./ PiJiik Btrordt, No. it. 
A)ip. II- '^'i, itliy llo waa bLm cotuullod 
concerniDK rlin trial of Morr Sluait in 
UMobtrr U>M (SntTPE, ^imm/*, ls:^4, m. i. 
&lt9)L lie wu unt of tW judgn Da Um 
oonuniBiciii fur luMriu^ c*ii»»i m dbaiiegfj 
b«lt»en ihadeMliof SirCbri*io]>h*Tltiitton 
[q. Y.] in NoT«cnW IMl aihl ibn «ppoint- 
mutl of Sir .li>hn furlMiKng [q. t.1 la Maj 
IBH. Wpiaiuin iliod In July 1502 at lu* 
hciuw in rlu- paruti ot 8l. IVtui MancroA in 
Norwirb i&ltvrwiirJii kuovru u ibe oobi- 
uittea hoi*w), ui<l in* buri«cl on 18 Jul^ 
in tlw puifth cburcti. An kltar>loiDb nritli- 
oat ui inKriplion, bouiuf bu anu uid Umot 
of funiliiv to which Iw wkt •llied, ma 
ocucin] agniusi tbe noidi wtU of Joa* 
ol»pL-I iu t<t. I't'iiT Maneraft. nan balw 
a [lOrUail of liiiD aa rooonler in tb« GniMball 
at Xorwtcli. Ill' marrieil Jan», diojc''''^ of 
Kir Nicbolui Ilacon [<f. r.^ lord lurpcr of 
tho itnut (cal, biii Iclt no imua. Ili« wife 
ruTtircd biui and nMriocl, iiMondlt', Sir 
Itubort Maiislieltl. A IcttvT frinu Wjnd- 
liam to Lord ButKbley a |>rvwvt«il in LaiM- 
downu MS. &', an. 40. GvoffraT %Muta«7 
[o. T.J tddrauM) two of hia ' ftiwhlwiw ' 
ifAdS) jointly to Wyndham and Edwud 
Flowvrdow [q. v.} 

(Ooepra'a AlhauB CiwUt'r. ^. 134-« i Fow"* 
JodgM of Bngkad. 1847. <r. iA\-i. OffioiiJ 
BMoro of Uamlon of PuUMncot ; BlomeSoId'* 
U»t. of Norfolk. 1800. ill. U». ir. VM-l. 131. 
3U. iSii. 113. 114. i£.M; Duealn* lAotaMHn. 
1831. iu. 31* ; IhlfdaU** OnsioM Jstid. KM. 
pn, 48, IIS; U>. 380. ]l8l,CkFoa.Sw.pp. M. 
M : CaL Stau Pap«n; Doik 18*7-93: Montbip 
Hid Fabnor** Hiat, cf OmM Taiaontk, lMt-8. 
L 188 1 OrMo's r«^int of WbitMyVi Oban of 
BBblwnaa, 1S78, pf. l!l-3, Sd3-S; WMUn'* 
BanMtafc, IT41. 1. 4. iii. 3(8; Art* of Uio 
PlhrODOBcil. rA Doomt. IA77-98; W«m*T'i 
AuMMFmiciml HomuDonts, 1631. & WL] 

E_ I. C. 

WYNDHAM, SjB GEORGE O'BRIEN, 
tUid Bau or EoBBMOXT ( iroi- 1 837 >,pai ran 
of flae art, bon en It) Dec. 17JM, and b«p- 
tiwd atSl. Haigunt'a, WMct i ntt<M-, nn i> Jan . 
foUowiWr G«Or|^ 11 bainz a inoonr. n-u 

•on and fifirof Sir Charlos n'rcdliBia.iocixid 
cari'q. v.^ hj .\Iicia -Mnriii, dauKbttrr of 
(icontv. (ccocd Boron Corpenltfr. He was 
for a abort timi^ (when Lord Coclcemoath) M 
a acboul in Waudawrorth with CluriM Jamea 
Fox, before soing: to W««tmin»tfr (cf. ft 
Itnet to Lord Hollind, in Oirrtrp. ^ C J. 
Rr, L S-101. H« wai only twrlri^ when 
ba aUGMd«d U th* porrage on the death of 
hi* bthff. He toolt Little part in pulilica, 
inX is bif earlier jrcan acted with tbe wbigi, 




AnMfii 



llOWB, 

i 



aad aigiwrl protests aoainM lfa« An 
policy of North, tke r^fKtioa of Sbetl 
naotiod in favour of ecOMiDical ntorm, tui 
againM tho rMtrictioaajpropoMd to beplie*! 
on iho nowor of tbo Princo of WaW M 
n^nt in 1780. But b« waa not witboat 
poliiicBl nbilily. Fox dMtarml tliat bo wmiM 
ntlier linvv EgTviDuut'fl optoiuii on faiiliiili* 
bill than that of any otbornian.aud Charln 
OiaTtUe waa of opinion that hftd W cho«a 
ha might b«t« tuen a cmupieuoiu f»n 
politiea. AahaadTnnocdinjraarahMopui 
Doeama moneauwrratji r. and ho wa* all 
oppoaed to catliolia emurifipaiiun. Un 
nre oeeaaiena wbeu he nMtrtaed tbe HoaH 
ofLotdihe tsiaiil tn Iuitc folly mainuiaal 
ibe mditional ffandnr^l of the Wyndbv* 
oratory. OaM Atij;. 179:1 bo was B|>point<d 
to ft aaat at the buord of a^i^nllurn, and be 
waa lord-liL'uicDuit of Subwx front 1819 to 
ISSSl In addition to thv IVtworib uatatn 
and (be cnopeKy in the north and we*t in* 
hHiied from his CatboTt Rgr«niont aim mc- 
eaaded in 1774 to the pn^wrnr in Iiakad 
of faia nodo, Percy Wyndham O^rim, aari if 
Thomond. llo waa tor very many nana 
laadiim fiiruTe in London aocMtr, bat w law 
life lirod almost entirely at Petworib, 

Hn. Ih^lanr, writing to Benuird Gn»- 
villa OB SI IJw. 1774, Aaropa* of a muA 
betwaaa EmnsoBt and Lodv Mary Som^ 
•ot, caya (n tbo fanner; * H« ia ■ ptaU; 
man, bai a taai fortune, and ia veay C*a*- 
tmu, and not addicted io tJie vicea of tbt 
tima*.* The narriaga did not take riac^ 
nor did that naria^ dMari with Lwh 
Charlotte Maria WaldagraTo (afterwanh 
Dncfaea* of Grafton) «x year* IntAr. Tlni 
match hnd bnn noeotiali'd by the lady'i 

Ct-uDclr, Horace Walpole, who say* that 
imonl'a bmilytbow^araatMli^actim 
with it (Walpola Io Sir H. Mann, 8 July 
ITW). In aanounc inj; on 24 July • tha rq^ 
UTvofourmat nuicb.' Walpota aays that 
Egrwiaat bad pratnl 'n moat nrnthliai 
younf fellow,' and I'hu^nl him with han^ 
pnnoatthu )ie,B>dnoi theUdj.had beM 
the fint to draw of. Tlia Udyh«d beband 
verr well, and had talwB tbs ai«p Imawi 
of her suitor'a iadiaeiniioa and JfiMuliiw 
(leUer* to Mann, S4 Jnly. and Maaon, S AagJ 
>lr«. t>eUny altribotaa EKremont's coadad 
to hill boinn under the donunion of 'araal 
Udy lUdy M-l-b^)." 

KKnmuut made Petworlh flooae n nunKy 
of art andfteoUanof agncuttor*. AHhar 
VouDg (1741-lraO) [a. Y.] wv • b«;a>Bl 
TMtor, and mpariBtandod tbo diaaflbntfof 
oftbefreat staff park than. Egranoatm** 
moH Butf aaifiil aloek4»readtr. HahadaGaa 
M«d, aad hit horwB wna tha Derh^ ftod Oab 






Wyndham 



"4S 



Wyndham 



oA«iieT tliAD tliCKrt of fttiy olher owtit. Rut 
it was s* a patron nf an that hr wns cliinfly 
rMI»Aabl». III! wai n Tu;i>-[iT»id>!iit of tho 
Britkh laUituliou nnd i)UL' ufllu.' inunt culii- 
ratedamatfurauf liixduv. Onv of the tint tu 
■pptwlalu TunivT, bi* w^ attracted tuwanls 
tmn jwnonallir by that combiuation of ar~ 
IMie i«rc«wtion and eitrcnn) siioplicity 
which wna tho koTUoU of thn chimctMa nf 
both. At (^■twalTth Turner bad n studio 
■Migned to him, which <fxr.a E^-mont vaa 
not sUowmI to niter irithoul giriiig a u«:ii- 
liarluiockagt«ed upon between iheiu. Tbere 
Tnnur puated hi* ' Apul»ta and Apiileina,' 
luod bis ' n*irbv Homing,' with a viaw of 
PMworth, whii-h wm oibibitod in 1810. 
(Ttuutn lioU'rt. Lralieju. r.' was invited to 
IVlwurlh.irilh his wifv mid children, evcvy 
year afler \^W. LmLie waq ut Pelwortu 
]u4t before liu» iiatrou's d^Th, aod, logMhvr 
with Tum*T. Pbillips, Carew, and Clint, 
attraded hi* fiinnml. !(<> pointiHl for KKm- 
OMBt ' Sancbo and thn Dui^honi,* nn wxlT an 
tliitp other pici ur», and rdntcsi miiiiy naw- 
dulei of him. Id IKIl Coustablu wils euter- 
tmiaed br E^Temont, and during his Slav at 
Pietwortn he filled a lar^ book with neitcil 
stntchea and natorrolnnni. John Kdirnnl 
Outw[q.T.',lh<>fCii1ptnr,n-a*alm(»it cxi-lii- 
sivdj employed by Ivgwaiont from 1(*23 
oaward*. Afterhi»patmn'rid™ihb'' claimed 
tlie anm of tiOflCOI. tor wurk duni?, but, 
baviue brought au action at law. wa« uou- 
aoiteX It WM by Carew's eood oltices that 
BenjaBiln Itobi^rt Ilnjdon [q. v.], thpn in 
(tvnt difinTU, wai intnidiiced to KKTvinont. 
lio wa» then nt work upon bia 'AVxniidcr 
taming UiievplialuEi,' and Egrvmout. affrr 
making; iuqiiiriea ua to lb« cauaea of bia 
int*forltin«*, calltsl and onlered for liimMlf 
tba pictare. EsT<>inoat thon^cbt ItaydnnV 
atjia too bold for ICnglinU ta»ti<a, biil ex- 
pTMOd himarif a* pononally ijuitr latiilied, 
and ia 18^7 gave him a commiuion for 
■Eoclaa.' Efiemonl employed John Flax- 
man Tq. v.) ou his ipoup uf the ' Arcbaugd 
Hicbwl piercing 8atan,'and oiillie beauti- 
fdl Sfftm of (he pastoral Apollo. Iloth nri> 
BOirui th<!|[alli<r; of nculpturo ai IVin-orth, 
to wbiph Jiiwph Nolidioiiafq. T.| and John 
Cfaarlni Fdix lIo«»i [q. v.] alio cooiribuled. 
E^^n-Buut had a Btroug pi.-nuiinl prrleniiee 
for ItafTuello aiid Ilo^-arrh, and he eipreaeed 
ta Ledie i^'^i coul^'iTipt for Pnriue^iano'* 
• Viaon of St, Jftnimi-,' iw>w in ihe Notional 
Oallary. Thn fimr rolbction at I'niworth 
wa* befiun at Kome by tho iiMond earl, but 
owux many of it* ircMur™ to the third. 
It in especmlly notabli* for itB Van Dieks 
and Holbeina, bvudes the Turnera and 
Wuolleil'a Claade. Jouulban Hii«ou waa 



employed br the Ihir] earl to complete Gib- 
boQt'n wood carringx (which Walpole aaw 
in 17J9} in ihtt carvini dining-room, fiavin 
Hamilton (1730 1797) [ij. v.l collpcii-d tli« 
antique tculpiures. The alfind MvnreiKiM 
visited I'vtworth in li^lJ, and were pointvd 
there by Thomas Phillip* ( l77ii-lMC)f<j. v.] 
ICOTeinoni ereet-^d « lunrkel crose at Pel- 
worcli in ITO^t, and biiili acbixila there in 
1810. The mad In llnrahnmimi niado nnder 
hi* directions. In 1^37 he restored tho 
Tiarish church, in which jiiit before hta death 
lie Tiii»ed to his Percy predeceaaon a monu- 
ment inscribed ' Mortuis moriturua.' He 
made a irfiierous use of hi" jrrent wealth, 
and in (aid It have (pint JO,(>lX)/. annually 
fora period of «ily y.-am in charity. Ciinrloi 
OreviUo wa« pn-sent in -Mny iSH at the 
annual fete which be gave ti) the poor (six 
thousand of whom were prevent), and de- 
clanul it lo bo one of Ihe ^y«4i and moat 
beautiful spectacle* be hail ever ee«n. Not 
thn lenat iiDptnuurs part of the tnit,<Trtain- 
mont waa tho keen pWiuro ihown by tho 
boat himaelf, to whom bo (houithi npplicablo 
Itarke'a pauegrrie on the Indian kiugacUo 
liehtini^ to reign in lliedtipeuBatiuu uf hap- 
pin.>a«,' Ac) 

\V[iiing of ft pmvions visit (in Deceiabsf 
Iti'll'l, liruyillo deafrrilMw t^fremonl at tho 
ap'ofeighty-oneudill hoalihy.withfucul- 
Iipi and memory unimpaired, living with an 
abundant, though not very relined, huspi- , 
taljiy. Ilayduii. in his account uf bt« Tisit 

10 P*it worth in lf*2((, describes the iiharacler 
of his ontertninnipnt, which p<^•n^lb!ml rJiat 
of a gnini inn. Kgrcmont would leave hi* 
pueits from hreahiiut till dinner, when ha 
himself carved eiery dish and ale heartily. 
His motto waa 'Live and let live.' Ever; 
one and everything aeemed lo «>iare hi* hos- 
pitality. Many anecdot<>« of his hatrcti of 
cnramony arn told by lloydon and lji«li«. 
Oreville diwribnl K^r^'nioint n< a man blunt 
without nidenesa midcauilic wilhont biltei- 
neas; ahrvwd. recent rie. and benevult-nl. 

Egremout died unmurried at Petworlh on 

11 Nov, 1^17. There art' several Mrlrails of 
him in the colh'Clion tliciv. That l>r Phillip* 
wa* fliigrnved by,\Bnf, Iteynolitu, C'ook, and 
KobtrtJ. and engravings were eii«uted by 
Liiptoii aRerClint, by Meyer after Beechey, 
and by Turner of a three-quarter length witli 
dogs W Derby (of. Cat. Thinl Lvtiit Eriiih. 
No.SSS). A ftne engraving by .Scrivon, from 
a bnst hv tiuvw, ispfefiiad lorol. ii.nf llaor^ i 
fleld'a 'SuNH-JC.' tlgromont woa survsnlod I 
(buith earl by his nephi-w, (Jeotge Francia 
Wyndham ( l7S-j -Wlo), on whose death the 
peiaage baoama ustiuut, IVtvronb jftwed to 
a hiMmaa, Oeorge Wyndham ( i:t<9-18dtf>, 



Wyndham 



»46 



Wyndham 



ii>t«l on 12 Junn ISOGfor tboiupnackl 
of Lord Mdrillc. JIo died at BKttnlnujt 
3 Msj' 1819, and in* liurii^d in the fwilr 
vault in St. EdsatmiTi Cliurcb, luiTisg m 
U»iiB 6tu mmu and tvo daiubtvn. Th 
fmcilr ia iMiw T«[iitiwiil«d bv John Hnu? 
Cnniplirn-Wj-iKihaiiiofDiiiionn, Ai^lUkint. 
^\ jndhntn wm i^lcctrd I-'J^,A. on S F»li. 
IT'T. «iid t'.li.S. on » Jan. ITbS. lie pnU 
lulii^ : 1. ' A Oenlleinaii'a Tour tluou(A 
Monmoiittuliire and Waloi in JuooandJiuT 
1774' raaon.^ l7T-'i. Tb<! «Y!it>oB of thV 
work which cama one in 1704 waa aW 
BiMBjilun*; but tbnnnlarmd-Tourtliraa^ 
ManiBiMtlubit« and Wains in Jiioa «nd 
Ju^ 1774, and in Junv, JuIt, and Au^tttt 
1T< (,' wliicb waa giublulied M Soliabun in 
1781, bad tbe namv ou tbe iitl«>we. ^ 
TiswB in the I7SI Toluue wvns by Qniua. 
who nrromiiniiiitd biiaontlw second jiwnwf • 



wbo'irat cnatadBwon L(«onll«ld on 14 April 

[tawrr't VTaithlM «f Suiau, p. 90; G. E. 
C[nka;iio}'> Pocngc ; Amolil'a Pc<*otili; Wal- 
pola'i Latl*r» (CuasiagluuB). *oU. v. ti. vii. 
piMJiii ; iln. IHlnaj't Antobjogr. T. SO. a4fl, 
AAS; ttostn'sPn'toilJOf llMLartli:GroviIlr'a 
Hemair*. IHKS, >i. 346-8. iii. SO-S.ir.Si.G (th* 
tubftuMo of vhifh tbnnied an obituuij notica la 
t^'Timra,' IHNor. 1S37); Ilajdaa'a ABtoUofr. 
(T^ylorX ToL ii. : Uamortoo* LLf* of Tamer, [rp. 
120-1 : HoDlbwuea Tarnrr. tr|s 16. IO»-y : 
I^alla'a EUroIUctiOBK J. 78. 103-8, 183-1, aiKl 
Life >»il UlUnuf Uonicablo, ISOS, pp. Ig9-V3 : 
^mitli'i XoUhLmk, rd. UoaMi, p|i. 2IA, 327. >M> ; 
RvAD*'i CaL oi EDgrnVBd I^»tralla. Sm alaa 
Oaiit. Miu. ISIJ, i. ;t39, u.lU3;BeaM'aUodnrD 
Biogr.voL.i.l O. L« 0. H. 

WYNDHAM. HENTtY PENKUU- 
JHH:KE (173(M?<Hi>, topop»(ilier. eldcrt 

■on of IK'orv Wyndhnm (.). 17SS, a^ 70). j 2. ' Uin/j- of ilic Inio Goofgn Hobb 
of Couptan CliuiitMrlnTDP, Wiltahu^ and tan, lloniti of Mulombv It«gi», 1 

St. Edmiind'a OjIIcjh-, SolUbuij wUo mar- ' .... 

^il^d Afunciol (</. 1760), dftuglitcr of Tlioaiaa 
l''-iirudclwlii;ofCoTOptonChiinib«rl«jiifcwa« 
born at Oomiiioo Chatnberluyne on 4 Jon« 
17SQ. Sir WadLam Wyodbsmfq-T.] waa bis 
nvec-graadfather. Henry wu mliicntpd nt 
Elouaodat WadhainCo1lo8>r,l>xrord,«-Linicu 
hn matrioolaled a* ecntlRtiinn commoner aa 
SI Feb. 17-55, and IS. Un 2S Msrcli I7e« 
h* vax created M.A. 

WTndham.incompMiywitbJoftOTh Wynd- 
ham udWUIiam B«uon Eule of SaltKburr, 
embarked fniai l>OTer on 4 Sopi. 1765, and 
vititsil Prance, It*!y, and Sinily. A latu^r 
from him v/nt extant, writton in Ilalinn to 
his friend and cnrrMpondent Hev. John 
BowIp, dRMriliini; lii4 wci^Dt of Mouut Etna, 
and ncvcnvl pipcn on what they suw in 
tbnir lnvi-Uwi»«wntl«Dbj'BBrlei. W»nd- 
li*m rrium«d by way at 0«ieT4 to Holttiid, 
nwobiug Eufland in Sapt«mbor I rB7. Noxt 

ClT bo nurried CaioliiM, dauiil>ti-r mid 
rea* of Rdward llcartt of tlti: Clcuin in 
SalUbor^. 

The Wyndhun family Iind irrwt influenc« 
in Saliabury, and HntVy, who retidod for 
naav y«ar« tbvre at St. Edmund's College, 
til'-' £imily reoidHDce, was elecled a fmeman 
of (he ci'iy on IS March 17B1, and was 
nominaled in t7AS oa a mndidaln for its 
pariianwataiy n>prascntatioti, but dniliuvd 
tbe oontMt. Hr vroi mavor of Satisbury in 
1770-l,and irrmlu ihi-TitTof WilTiIiin! iu 
1772. In 1794 be command'^ n local troop 
ofcaTalrjwhich had bMH raised in tbntcity, 
and fram 10 Jan. 17fl& to tliei diiunliuion of 
1812 ho sit in narlinmenl for hi* native 
ooanty of Wiluhinr. Iln wiu in ilio main 
& anpporttr of Viti't admin iitration, but ho 







^Vi[b on Appendix of i-uriou« and inifx 
ii^ pap«ia. ' Xow fint puhljaliHl,' 17> 
Sertfaf editions wet» iuu«d, and it fom 
vol. xiii. of » ' C-jlUctioo of Livoti,' 183^ ' 
&e. Doilinirlonlt-ftbitpfoperlTiobisooiuii^ 
Tliomaa Wrndhoio of llamnendiilli, via 
in 1777 Im all lo llcoiy Penniddodu 
Wyodhta. It incli*drd ' a vaat BolUetioa of 
Dbdincton's prime c>un«poadenc«' i.Ak- 
THDit Yoi;xa,j1i[roAnMrr.p. 161). S. ' Wih- 
•birr, exrnctml from DomeAdav Il-Mdt, wiili 
aTmniJatioiiof tbnnricinal IjMiu iuiu Eiif* 
lish,' 17tsB. Ilo boped thai it naigbi paw 
tho way for a hi»tory of ^Viltllbirw, unda 
Iho patTOnagir of the gentUrmi-nof tbe oouMy, 
and heoflunKl llM/. lowurdi thtv coat, wt 
Mtrvicesareacknowleilgedby iUoKfi^.W. II 
JonM in his ■ Dnmtwtay for 'WilliLire,' 
lS(Ui. pp. Ix-K. 4. 'A Picture of Ike lib 
of Wi^'iit, dvlinentiid upon tli««Mii in ITSS. 
By H. P. W..' 1791. 

Wyudbam i-uutnbuled ' ObMrratioM on 
an aoL-ienl Building ai Wstnford, Ilanp- 
shire.' lo tbe ' Arcbsotogia,' t, S67-06w and 
'On a Itoman Fivetnmt at C»«rwe«it' (A 
vii. 410 11). He helpod Archde«caa Can 
in bin ' llinlorical Tour of Sloniaouthaliife' 
(toI. i. ji, iv), and allowad bim to imb the 
priTaielottcnofDodiofton.inUii-Memaif* 
of Sir Robert Walpole'(TOl. i. p. xiixV .^^ 
letter fVom liim t« in Gowsfa MS. I7fiti! i 
the n«illKian IJbmiy, ana ho cor 
with William Cnr.ninglon [q.v.j 

[Fo*t«r'* Alumni Oaon.; Halkttt aad . 
Anoa.Lit.ii. 1007. iii. 1S09: Ilunigr'* Fa 
Uiuomn Oontium (llarl. Sof.), i, 149; | 
I.9iiit)id (}>Dti7, ISOSrd-: Onnt. it^. 
t$i; Witsnn'a Uoute of Oiininoiu. lAtt^ 
Hooro*! Witttbirc^JT. pt. i. St>. ri. A29. t 




Wyndham 



347 



Wyndham 



&S3, a<8-ejl. 81o^ Brittona BMQIiM (Wilt- 
wiiirf). ]). 119; Ua.luo'11 C«(. uf Wouin Mi^. 
i*. teS; Sriltnn'* AuluMcyr. L -lltt-^D. 4.0; 
Hichols'* lUustniiom of Lit. it. B$0. t. 189-90, 
Ti. ISB. 3TI.1 W, P. C. 

WYNDHAM. Sis inJen(!fi03M68«, 
iitilge, wa»tli«i-iKlithsoiiof Sir Jo!>n Wjiid* 
nam of OrcharO- "r'j-ixlhniD in SnQiflr*ct,and 
of (Vtbri^ in N'arfoik. b^ hit wifo Joan, 
dauffltlcr of Sir U<^ll^T Purtniui, by wliom 
li« baiJ nitiD *oni xaA six ilaushtL-n. Sir 
WadJumi U'jrndliaiii ~i|. r.j wm aia juimgcr 
brulbvr. Tluub, boru kbout 1C03, «iit«i«(l 
W«dl>tia Cuir«Sf, Oxronl, in 16:^3. and oon- 
tributmla I.tliraratm 10 tlw 'Oamdeni In- 
«igniA,'publiaheirnt Oifnrd in 1024. Ho 
vr** ndnilted tt l.iacoln'a Inn on ID Mnrcb 
1622, and tras called to ibe liar on 1(1 Juno 
1629, Jie «-!« croatL-d M.A. of Oxibnl by 
royal Wkrraul ou i Jau. 1613. tlv w»t UMilo 
beacber of Liucolo't Inn in IIM8, cTt»ted 
Wljuot-itt-Uw Iiy tli'> ntrlUiaoiil on !{0 May 
16M, and in Junn foilowiiit; wan irnt lu 
tcmponry jad^ on tin: norllinin ciicuit. 

In tlie ■lUDiDcr of IGuS at lbs Lincobi 
uaiw* h« used vumu wtieicvut Mprvvoioiia 
■gaiiut tlie ttWyy wliu mfuiwd tbo sacra- 
munt to any wbo deitT«d it, und advi*ed tb« 
paoplato wilhhold lilliMrrom thnu cntni- 
•Un who duaicd it to any but tba ittnornnt 
and icanilaloiu. TUonwult wutbnt Mrcnil 
TnlaialtTB were uivnfntod in court for nc((^ec^ 
of duty. WyDdbnui'B di-cUion in lliese )iru- 
MGUtiotis wft4 [K^titiuiied ugKiubl by I.bo 
major of Doslon and otb«r8 in November 

Wyndhitm'* nromntinn to Ibn bench war 
ilccbim] i)lc)[ul at the lEcitomtlon, but be 
vt* nitulAtvil u itcrjcant-at-kw ou 1 June, 
simI a> Judgt; on '^'J Juu<* I6tl0, and uiadd 
baroBof lbeex£li«i)u6run'..'0juD(! 1070, ugtou 
wliicb hf iraf knigblod on t\tv 2<StL. On 
22 Jan. 1^73 he waa moved from ihe court 
of cltcbMlu«r to that of tbo rommnn |ilna». 

Ha died at Norwich while on cirEuit on 
27 July IW^l, and rra* burii-d in billon 
churcb, Dorte^I. IIi> luarrivl, first, Jhdi-, 
daugblf r of Sir Tbuuiaa Wodi^liuuBe of Kiiu- 
beruft Norfolk, by icborn hu bod two soua 
al»d tbmr dnus1i(rr& tlolh ^t>Il* end one 
danghtor di«] young: bin daught<T linchul 
SMnicd John, carl of ltri>tol. U'vndbom 
marrwd. »»cuudly, £Iitabi-tb, dautfhicr of 
Sit William Minn of Woodcolt, Surrey, and 
widow of Sir Henry Bvrkyley of Wiuioud- 
liam, I>e>M<«I<^rtbitv; and, ibinliy (in \pn\ 
1675), Kntherinf , dnngblpr n{ Thoma« Flem- 
ing of North Ston«hani, llam«1iir«i, and 
■widow of Sr ICdword Hooprr of Itcvnrid^, 
Doraet. Only by hi« lint wifu bad Ite any 
iaauo. 



[Fob's Judffo of Kii«liuid, lii. I1W-T ; Ci>lli» 
•od's Sonicnit, iii. 4H!M>0; FiuUrV Alumuij 
Ouduifr'a Bn. of WiidhBin CtJlrgs. p. ofi 
Ami. MS. UiO. &3. It : Wbiielod.«-. Memo: 
rials, pn.S9I.CTa, Ml ; TS^rruiae LiernoMi' 
the An-itUiibi'a of Caai'rliDry At London (Da' 
Stif. PuM, iiir. 73); Jlimian Allf^lioiui 
tbn Vipur-Gnnml of the ArthHthop d Ca ' 
linry (Uarl, Sap. PdU. Kiiii. SSB); <M. !,»», 
Pipar*. IftSS-S, i>ih 161, 104-fi: P. C. C. ITI. 
Hftw.) B. P. 

WrNl>HAM.i:01iEiaHENItVa814- 
l8'.M\ ^('i^itii))i n(!iur-miiniigi.'r, woA bom ac 
Dubliu of bigbly n<«{iwloblr parents icApiil 
1814, and iuao» hit firvT. Hpiii-aniiice upon 
ibe stngu nt Saliebuiy in }S3ii, pacing thai 
mnnoKFT of Ibo local tli«atnt ^/. in order ' 
that he mi^bt atmuRo tbo lonjt-siurlird ri'il« 
of Nurvalin 'DouKlaii.'nnd, oalicnftrr^riinla 
admiiied,'BiBkeafoolofbiiB>i-ir.' Sixycara 
bti;r be ea»cted Itonuio at Birmingham to 
the Juliet of ElUn TrM(Mrs- CliariM Kutux), 
and «ub««iiuantW wt« wen nl ibe TiiJltriM 
belbra Loiiw>11uliprps an Colonel I'roelovo ia , 
■A Day aha the Weddina.' Diiriiw l»H\ 
bo wHsyrarw/imiwral the .\d»lphi, (I uugOTT, ' 
Bod next year bv fulGlIwI bin aanbition of 
maliiDg a prominvnt d^but hi Ediubuigb. 
He went thithi?r to fill the placi* vaoalod l»J 
l>cij[h 3JurTajuponliii migntinn to t.ondoilf 
nppcnriDK ns Clifl^>rd in tlu> ' ilunnhhnck' ttt ^ 
till! Julin of Helun Faiicic ut Ibi: Tbsatr 
lEcvuI, Sbukcspi-nr*' Siiuarv, and ntoliiiif 
favuumbk' iiupivtiaiun. Among llio parta 
allotted 10 biio durit^ tbo etieuiug waMo 
were Mnrcotio, Charle* SuiAce, and Radk- 
Itn^h OsboldittoiM in ' ftnb Rnr.' In 18MJ 
hn murriod Iton-, daughtRr of \\'illiuiii Sikr~ ' 
a lun- (comedian of liundun, and aiitcr 
Edward Suki-r fq. ».] She wii» a cdovBtJ 
IIGIIYK9, and developed a special uptilude tat 
Irainiof; juvenile irouws in bolU'l and pan- 
tomime. In ?tlaT \8iv Wyndham appeared 
at till- Aduljihi 'fbnatrc, Kilinburgh, ai Or- 
liuido, and m IBCO bo wan Itryecticld in 
Mantun'a 'SlralUinore," On 27 l)ef. 185^. 
he ujicced the Adeljibi BH actor-muuiuvr inJ 
SuoccHuon to William Heurv Slumy [q. v.^ 
who took liie farriwi^ll of ili-- t^ilinburgb atBgal 
on -2 Oct. The old mnnni^'miint oncludiid 
with ibo ' lUvnU," nlid Wyndham oprndit 
wit h the ' School for Bcaiidal/phiying CLaclM 
Surl'ncu, and fullowing the comedy up witb 
'Gulliter,' arranged M a pantOIni^tl^, for 
H'bich Mm. Wyndham trained the cbiltiren, 
Tli>'ia4kof»uccwdingso«ucce«sfulsiuuiinget 
a* Murray was an arduous ou«. Wyndliatai 
had to ba Iwding comedian, acting mititagrril 
and Ktag« manogrr in onft, while bin dilB^ 
cultica were incrconud by the fnct that li^ 
Iraaiitioo period was at baud, wliioU wit- 




* ootil it WW lal 
; Took WW «■» of WnOiB* ftx Man 

M kb a>w Irmb. MDBMte « lb Btfnl a« 

WTM&Mira BMpHr «B t F«h. IEB7 m 
MMaiaMi villi Ik V' 



S Ok. U«^ tB on. fer dw M 
BemiL' a 

Jk • I -■ -- I ' 

■nwMMfcui MMiM. Ob 8 r*k. l£l 

iCfaMir 

n'li^Tfci ihwlii ■■ ii'Vi i'- Tiifiij Iwii 






Kr 




n TobiN'«'ironqvna:'n]^ISe7 W 
nrivM • Maebetb.' wilk JCn. VvwOimm 

t iwli r 0/ tkrt TMT Ib^ WH» tdblr Mc- 

rmw i fl i l TriThihi i iii tf ii wi -f Iiili Tliirwiiii,' 

with Irnug m 'flcwiichir, espUm of ita 
Wol«M.' Afa»dpMftr» «» o»ittoBapl, 
Jooatnl to ilii ffni oa w ari«r ta maka wot 
for • wt-ofBe*, tooJi pteM oa 2S Mn law, 
whnt Wvadbam pined (Hr ChaAm njMB 
d«r is ' XaduMd Ftta;' Hnt WjadbM 
pknil P*r, nd Irfia* slMxd Sows. 
Vj»lba, wIm l«<l h>» p«ji^ l/Aot 
• TMT f*nit for lb» Rml, avw iMmad 

|q thn Qdmh'* (tb« old AddlfU), MOW 

fOfXf*!. liAtinff bMa paid m imammiaXj bj 
Ibn t[r>viTnin#nt vpnn >bwrLiii){ tber nte 
of llin l(Aj*t. !(■ f>pifK<l hu Gn I te^toa at 
tfaa t|iHMi'i ■ndcr rajtX l«tun p«I«iii on . 




MtUadia 



BaI.] 

gfi til (Jafta b«ii>. bri Gbwxm) ffo- 
M«l 'Mr*. WT«dkB,' aaa Piiiliiir 
Bkiit •T» Dmoh.* n- bow laft h»> 

Bkm. Sow*. LMda«r«WM h* 
ndatioai^ ^Miv altw^l tiwaa 
KaaeM, witk (Sr> Btv? Irrtsr. Ua h<- 
oae » fcailiw IfBW w tWOMridcCiaK 
aaaiileMtifcadMaatrftkjvwaRM-loak- 
ia«a««rfcawB. Wnttt^a dM at loi 
howwnSlMaaSlH«t,acBd8a^(M ISDk 
iBVa^asawva vBTMd t& BroKptMi cvaaataiT 
<n SO Oec Bj Ut wife— wba aU«ad IV^ 
Wa(EBKttM.3In. llaller. Bd«n HacOncoc, 
I^v Slaebclli, Q«MB KalWinp in ' ilarr 
VIII,' Ladr Teule, aad Olker iMilias i»ru 
luuier W ^uband'a Bttttagenamt — be W 



^ 



Ei^ 



Wyndham 



?49 



Wyndham 



iaaaa two dBiigliteni and one wn, Mr. Fn- 
duritk Wjuiiliaoi, now e(>-l««H« of tlie Ly- 
ceum Tbeatre, EdJuburgli. 

[^olKRina. 31 Ftb. U7J knd IT Dix. IS»4 ; 
Er» Aluiiiuiwk, IS'Jtl, p. 87; Km, 22 Dec. 1894; 
Slngt. 20 IV. 18a* ; Alhsoacum. !U If«. ISHi ; 
IMbdiaV AnnaU of ilia EiiiiiFiurtfh STaM, Kdin- 
buqth, less, bH>«>m ; t'iu^rjlil'* ^ir HNiry 
Irving, 1886, chap, iij T, 8. 

WYNDHAM. THOMAS ri610?-IK3), 
Tic^-udininl and navignior, born about IfilO, 
is g^cnmilly idi^titl<»r wicli ThotnaA Wf nd- 
haia, odIj inn nf Sir Tliomn^ Wyndbam (if. 
lB21)of t'elhr'igit, Norfolk, by hi* wcond 
wife, Kliinbpth, diiLiuhUT of Sir llnoty 

Wtnlworlh of Ni'tlltfstcnd, and widow of 
Sir Ilop-T D'Arcy. Tbf f«mily bad long 
be»n filled in Notfolk,aiid derived itijiiHiui! 
from XN'ymanithftiii in ihal oountf. 

TTionmi"* mndfnrhcr. Sir ,Ioiin Wtxb- 
uxx {d. 1602), n-ii« liniehn-d for brjiTcr^- nt 
tbt- batllf of SIoUpoh lU Juno IW7; Intpf 
inHi-arvViriireisiibubeeBinoiniiilicated in 
IIm euai^jiinii')' of Edmimd do la I'ol'', »iirl 
of SufruUt, wai conviclt^ of trsfusoii uu 
S Mrv 1S02. and vtna executed wiib Sir 
JaiBM Tyrrnil I q. v.] on Tower Hill four 
dtj* Inter, br-ing biiiird in iho Aiutia 
Friam'elmrcb (C.'o(f«ji .US. Vil«llimi A. »vi; 
ion.J, ^KA. 97t». f. IB;B*CUX. tfoi/y fit ; 
Stow, .Vurivy, ed. Strype, ii. 116), By bis 
firtt wif«, Murgan-I.fuurtb daiij;blHrof Juliu 
Dowaril, iluhe of Norfolk [q. v.], lie wan 
fatlu'r of Sir Tbomas Wyndunni {d. IWI), 
who look >n nPtirp part in ihn nnval war 
with Frenenin 151:2 IS, nndbiraoic viRn.nd- 
wiml and councillor to Huiiry \ III (TAe 
J^ncA If'ar<jf!r,12 i.l,NBry llpcord* Soe., 
•ad J^tttri and Paprn tif Umnj Vlll, 
vol*, i-iii. paMJin). Sir IbooiM marrit>d, 
firrii, Kli>aiior, daugbter cind coheir of Sir 
fiidiard Scmjio of Upnal in Wiltiihirp! of 
La» wans. Sir Kdiuiiiid Wvodham of I-VI. 
brigg waa fBliiM of Krnni'is Wyndhum 
h" *■}• ^'^ Jobn \\'yn!ihiim mnrrn.-'l Kli/u- 
t>Hh,(Uugbt(^rof Jubii SvdL-nliumof (Jn'bari, 
SoinnrMi, ««tllml iu Ib'at couiitv, aud uiu 
grandfather of Sir Hugh Wyndliatn [n. v.] 



•nd of Sir Wndbnin \\ vndbam [n, v.], and 
nnccitoir of the lalnr Windbnmn of Fi'lbrijnr 
[»ce WiXDHiM. Mm Chaki.i;!! Ash; and 
WiSDIIiM. WuUiH], of the i-nr!» of liglp- 

mont r*eeWT3CDiiAii,OHAJti.B9; and Wvsb- 
nAM, Gkobob O'BsiEn], uud of tb<< earU uf 
DunrftTi>n'w*Qin»,KBwrsBTCii.*nn\Vixo- 
IIAM W'rsuHiB-]. Of Sir Tliomns's throo 
daDghCrn, Mnri^rrt ninrrinj Sir Kranicu* 
Pnaton, ancestor of tlio carls of Yarmouth 
f»M Pasiok, ItuuKBT]. By Ilia »PCond wifu 
Sir Thonut wu (iithcr of the nubjcct uf (hia 



article, to whom ho bcqucathnd bis manor 
of Wijfton and other land* in YorkiJiirc. 

A* a minor ut the limu uf hii fntbor'al 
deaUi, Tburnas wua]iu«iibly one oft be kinr'tj 
vud« of whon Croiawttll b«caiua inaM«r ml 
1A32,And, Hno oilier COD i«m)iorarv Thomu 
Wyndham hu bmn traced, be waii probably 
tJi<! Rormnt of Cromwell nf that name who 
WB« employed in Irvland froral-'i.^G in lG40lJ 
In October 10^11 lio wa» iwut as captain of ^ 
a bundtvd mt'nto turvu under Urmuudi!, asiA' 
dBrioK November aud IV'ceuibt-r liu saw a 

f;ood dfal of SgbtinE in Tnrioii* iiari* of In>- 
uid iLfttrr* and Paprrt, xiv. i. fflKI, 611, 
709-10). In March 1539-40 ho waa cma- 

Cetled to return to En((lnn<l through ill- 
i^altb, and on I'D June fuliuwiu^ wu granted , 
the dixAolvvd mouaalery of Cbiebtoiid, Bedn 
t'ordHhire. Soon afterwards lie mmu to hava 
anltli'd in Sontonuil likt hie brother Jobn, 
and took to a s-'afarin^ life, in 1I>44, in 
command of a ' WMt-coimtry ship,' hn waa 
serving iu the North Sen nRiiii"! tbo Scot*, 
nnd iu tbf following yr^ar be commnnded tho. 
'great ralley 'oriivL-hundivdluns andlhr««] 
hundrei) ini'ii in tW (iptrntioiie in tb« Solent] 
[cf. Sktmuvu, Sin TiioMv", ItAiiriv Sbt-J 
Mot'It]. Wyiidlinm, liowrrnr, like most 
Tudor •eaineii, c:ombined thram b'gil.imnlo 
Coiumi»i<.>ns with lilibusterintt on a *om«-, 
what extensive icule, and a few years 
the Frpiiub ambatisadur described him 
an expert in piracT aa well as ' uu grnn^ 
homme dp marine {Corrtnt. Pol. <te Otleti 
tif Srlif, pp. 2»1 ■% 240). fin woe not pw-1 
lieulor in confiiiinfi hii operiitioai lo the utift ' 
of boitilo naiiuns. and early in IMS, with 
Williaui UawkiuB (rf. IC5IP) [q.v.l, father 
of Sir John, be ^-ixed ihe Sanlji Maria du 
(4iiRiIeloiipi>, belonging to a Spaniard numed 
Miranda. On 1 1 May thn council order 
it« n-ttomtion, and on S>1 Sept. direotedl 
XVrndbam Iu coma to London to anawifl 
for bis eonduct. In JIny 1516 nnotlwr prlwl 
which be bad tukeii wn.i leiied nt BriiitAl hi 
the eouoi-ir% order, because Wyndham hn 
failed Id »Hiit<ry Miranda's cUuos, and on < 
1^ Jul^ ho waa ordered to pay 380/. <oin- 
pnnaaiinn. 

In Ihe autumn of 1.M7 Wyndbam, whoi 
was given ibu olfi™ of 'miut'r of th»' 
ordiiunco in tbu kinR* "hitw,' wna ap- 
puinled v ice-ndiulral under Clinton of a 
Iti'et aenl to the ea»t coast of Scotland to 
enforce ihe Prot^cior'g Scottish policy. It» 
objrct waa partly to ioiflrcept Fivnch aid, 
but oapociolly to lupnurt tbfi Kndiiib audi 
rrfonninK partv in thi! eoKt of ScoiUnd. 
In ilecenilwr Wrndham anchored in tli« 
Firth of Toy, Buil on the 18th he yrrote 
promising not 'to lesro one town nor 



Wyndham 



250 



Wyndham 



TiThgr HOT Gahtt-kMI uobureed frooi Fife- 
BMXaOmbe'sIiM^'miiiltnutina 'uoBto 
lafvnm *n ahbrj or tvo.' On tM 22nd lie 
loRt&Ml Dimdac Bad biuaC Bdntrino Abbey, 
amd earlv in Jwiiur7 be csptured micdv 
Fn*d> febipi bound br L«tth. In Ajinl b« 
WMdctMlcd for Mrrica at IladdingtMi. and 
COMtractod ■ Wyad^oi'i bulwark,' wbieh 
proTtd of in«kt Mfrica to lb* dufaac* [cf. 
•rt. WiLPuHV, Sir Jauo]. Wrndluiii wu 
not in HaddiagbM dtihag tbc Hoge, bul in 
Jolj- be wu oae of ths vtSaum ondcT Sit 
nomas Palnerfq.v.] wbovaiolj aitentpled 
to ruli^vv i:. AiijinrviitlyheMCaptd Paloacr'a 
law, ami in Mnrch IUj>-9 mu agun >» 
ooanaatid of Ibc ibip* is tW aoaUi of tbc 

Willi tbe pt-nfc of laM Wrndbaai turned 
hi* UD»rKi«) lo trade niid cKIiMtmtvon. Witb 
'auU abip of [^luO toiu] called ibaLion of 
London,' ot vbicli be waa captain and part- 
awBflr.bojoinedia wliBt liaUurt tall* 'the 
fintt mjiaga for traffiif uo into the kingdom of 
Majoceo in Barbaric^' No d«taili of tbi» 
upctUtiOD, wbicli sailed (ma fort^uwulh 
in l&Ql, are knuvn. On 29 Jau. Iwl-S 
WjadliAm was aumowiked bdon tbe privy 
cooncil for pliuidering aoao l>aiii»U Hipa, 
Mid in May be was ana of tha adronturcn 
in Uia nrofKiaed nortb<caM vojage of di*> 
ooreiT (Sntm, £ccl. Man. 11. ii. 76, 331). 
In the iUBe tear hv wt cot on bin Mcond 
Vti^^e to MuMOOu, tho sccuuut of irlucL, 
pnnlad by lUkluftiiras written liy ' Moaier 
JamM Thomas, tben page to AtajiIerTIiunuM 
Winilham, cbiofe captain of thi* xo'imm,' 
Wyndbam ia ibpM ilcaeribcd ai ' a Norfolli 
ffcntlcmnn boni, but dwelling at Manlifiold 
Park in SomiTurtBliin;,' Tlie espeditiou 
aaili-d fmia ItriituI Cliannel ut tbu b«KiD- 
niii^ «J May, rotebud Morocco in n forinijEbt, 
Wdindedfor tlmw months nt Sania Crux 
is TaaeriSe. On tbo way buck tb<! i^iigliab 
captarcd tbc |p>Tcnior of Luaxarate in tbc 
Cananaa,but ruluoaed bjm and ri«icliod Eog- 
land in OctobiT. At CLirintiuiu WyotUism 
took vart an adiuiral iu tbe uoutt revels of 
the 'Ind of uiiHriili>' (Lit. JitmaiuM u/ Ed- 
ward t'l.pp. c!siiii.*3), and in May l.'i5S 
lia waa BiutJCir for tha manor of I'Wiion, 
Stmttwvt (Oil. Jlalfield MSS. L 1 18). 

Wyndluun*! proparaliuui for his [bird unil 
moat important v9yaK<-' WL-ru liiterru[jiwl bv 
tbe dcatb of Edward VI ; ikt llii- liiuf be 
appean 10 bare been wllli Ihesbipig'itnrilicij; 
tbo coaat of Norfolk, aod his attitudo was 
doabtfu). On 2.^ Julr hlAij't council or- 
dered him lo repair to London, but (ivo days 
liit«r thay vrolo to tho K"vcmnr of IVirls- 
montli 'Ibr the dinuiuina of Mr. Wynd- 
bam'a aliip, of whicb thi-y wtvn made a auji 





tbai he oMj forth lo his iuteaded 
He b there dwoibed, appanatl* ia . . 
as 'Sir "Thomas. H« aaOtd ia tlw Lion 
Looidoa fram PortaoMinlh on li Aug., ac- 
companied by tha Primroaa, caauundid In 
Anlooto I'iatcado, a Portu^iua* TsfutfiM and 
expamnced mariner- Thcyyrj Maiifii 
the Canariea, wad n^cbod tbe Gold C.:< 
tbaaoe Wyndhnm ordeftd PinUado, n 
one time claimed auaavme oanuoADd, to 
htm on to tb« BLrhi of Beain, and 
thus tlie firat FftirlitbriHn who 
roiinded Cape Verde and aniled ii 
SoathttmSea.' U« remainad with tbe 
in the Bight « bile llnieedo aailcd up 
Niger to irade; fvicr- broke out UBons hi* 
men, and AVynJbua biiswlf sneciuabRl lo 
it. He wa* nurri«d,aad left aBonHeiuy 
and two daujtfatcn, oae of whom " m ^ M 
Andreir Lntlrell. 

IL«««r«iu>l Pii;MaotUgar]rVnLTat*.iiii- 
an.; aut» P«pM<i, Hmtj Vlli: Acu uf ika 
Piiry Oonaeil, ed. Ni-wlaa. *ii. M. el. UMeiat, 
tqIi. t-ir. pMHm ; Ttiarpa's C«l. Srottiah Sou 
V-ipttn. i. ;3-9fl; Bois's OaL SoottU l^it* 
P^rer*, 15t;^3; Hamilton Papara, II. :ii;, 
J9*aM.i Cnl. Stale Piperm Don. 1CI7-S0. p 7. 
Addfoda. tS<T-«5, pp 3*7. S^ ; CWiwp.m 
•l«t)d«t d« S*ln>. l.^(S.»- HaUayt's VuTOfM. 
H. ii. 7-11; Hurl. M.S3. 1110 f. JH. ll'j) IT. 

;i-3: Addit. uss. au a. m-t. ipih i 

2TA; Viik. Korfblk (Ilarl. 80c.). pp. tU-S: 
Blomafield'a Norfolk. liii. 311 aqq. : IT' — '- 
Deanery of Dootaster. J. SM; Cotlioaon'e 
■ct. iii 4S9-80: OolliiMa Pcemtc*. t. IM-I 
Butke'* laindad Gantry ; praiKl«'iiIIiil.ni(.7. 
!J<>l'UI l^nitlasd, iii. 304. 316; Oppunbuiui 
■niniatoKiea of the Royal Karr. IStfS, pp. 
88 ; BndgKt Uaakia'a Mocriaii Empin, II 
p. I9S.] A. P.P. 

WYNDHAM, THOMAS, B* 
Wymijuji ok Fixollm (16Sl-ir 

£itnd»on of ^ir VVndliam Wyndham [ii. *.J 
inf( tbn fourth and yoiingieat but ' 
aurvivinjc ion of John Wyndham of >>r)r- 
r^jTtou, M.P. for Salicbury to Itibl uti 
IwH, by bin wife Alioe, daughter of Thamai 
Povnes, wss born ut NorrioEtoo, near 8ali»> 
I bury, OD 27 Dec- 1681. tie was edntatal 
at tlie cathodral acbool, SaUabiuy, aai 
iDatriculrited from Wadbani College, Oxfaad, 
on 19 Nov. ltl!%. Ue dona not appear In 
bavolaki-nany univuraity drgr««, bul he 
admitted uf Liiicolu'i Inu on II July 1 
and colli-d to the bar on 9 May l.UA. 
wasuppoieted nKorder of Sariim in 1" 
and in l7lJ4 wn« promotwl to tbe >^ 
jiunicpubip of thonoutt of common pUat ia 
Ireland, n vrry 'oa*^ poet' according M 
Arehhiibop ttoulter, in auccawioa to & 
Iticbord Lvtrinj^e [q. t.I Inn brief meB»> 
nndnm diary tlul Lo kept WynAam 







Wyndham 



»5« 



Wyndham 



mcnlioiiB ilial hi- left Salisbury fur Dublin 
on Id Nur. I7'ii, aud tliul the fouinpj touk 
him tWKUtj-four Jays. Od (ho death of 
Lonl-chaDcelliM' WmI in November I'Stt, 
Wyndh&m'f nUiin* to tb« viicnnt placR were 
MKii^l|- pnsiri! by Iloultcr, wlio wu the 
fkctotum of ilie ftny oriputiBnl for iho pur* 
po*c uf ilcrfnitiiig InsL aiipointmoalA Ih^id); 
giren to iilsUt««. Tlie gttAi bmI wuet<?u- 
tatllr fpieu To^Vynl]llaIIl in accordance with 
klaadvioe. In l<30,inltieG«MofKiiiiborl,v, 
•■ attorney wha had b«»n •nuteneod to doaih 
(or abdaction, tito ehaoodlor ovarrul«d the 
eUim, rnJMd upon a technienl plon, that thu 
HMiteneo sboatd ba quaahed. ui tli« follow* 
ingjear. uu IH Hepl., bo wm rai««d to th« 
pMta^ as Barua Wriidham of Fiuj;biss, eo. 
Dublin, tie ptv«id(iil in fiis BMiionaofUie 
Ituli |ttrii>mani a* ip^nlEirr of tbo House of 
Lord*. On 20 Au((. 1735 he tolU im ihnt 
Dtaa Swift dined at iiis table. Ha oct^ a* 
lord hiab steward «t the trial of Henry 
Bariy, lord IWry of Saiitn'. r»r murdiir un 
ST Awil 171i9, and svuleuMd bim to ditih. 
Vi'yDdlMin was th* flr*l lord hi^'h steward 
eo appoinird in [rcliuid. Iln rMi^ed tha 
clianci'lltirnliip on 7 Sept. 1739, and rai 
6 Srpi. bf tailed fut Euftliitid. tlr died in 
Wiltabinr 'jn tf-t Nui'. 1716, and wnn buried 
in Salisbury Calbedral, wboiv thi-re ii a 
vhite marble monunMnt to hioa by ICy*- 
lipack on tlw Muth side of ibe vest duor. 
IIo wai unmiirricd, and hi* titl' lM>cnnio ex- 
tinct. He bcquoathcd iKimu SfiOOI. ta the 
(iunily foundatioa of Wndham, in thn hall 
of which colleg« a portrait of tbf Iriilichau- 
oellor is hung. This wtrtrail, rxevutud in 
17S9, wasnngmved bj Mari>hull. 

[FaM'f* Alumni Oiob. IfiOO.lTU: Oiirdi. 
nat»R*g. of ^V'sil lism College; Cent, ling. I74A, 
PL 9H ; Uarri*'* S«Uil>ury Cathadral I'^jiiinpht, 
lftt£, p. X; Mifcolliinui GauMt. pt. Ilumlil. 
9sd air. ir, 80, 0*, TJ ; O. E. CJofcijiior* 
Cooiclele t'eaiuin: Biuko's lunded Gentry; 
Koblo'i BioKt. Biit. ii. 1S6 ; Li'iivn of Iluitb 
Bonlier, D.D.. JJlo ; 0'l''liiii>i'.;iiB'it Litm of the 
Ittnl Cbarior'lion of Irt'tn^d. ii, b\.] T. S. 

WYNPHAM, SiB WADHAM <I910- 
l&BS^ jvigo, bom in f>.imerMt in lUIO. vnt 
tiM ninth aon of Sir J>>hn VVviidbaiu (lAIiS- 
164u)af Orehnrd-Wyndiiiun iij Joan, dau^^li- 
tor of Sir Ilenrj- I'o'rlmaa of C (re liatj. Port- 
man, tie received hm buptLuniU natnc fmm 
bin nandiDOtbor Floreuee, daught<.-r of Jolm 
WBidliaDtnfllArrifleldinSi)mi'r>L't;liisgruud- 
father WAi Sir Jolin Wvtulhaui, tho tint 
owner of Orchard- Wynclham fwa under 
Wn(»HAit.THe.w*a.l5lO?-IM3J. Iliaelder 
bnxbar. Sir Uii);!i, is ■^mlcly notiecid. Itis 
pIdMt brollier, John (A ltt)9), of Orchard- 
^V;ndhatD,was father of the Srsi baronet and 



KTMH-frandfalher of Sir Williuu Wyndbmn 
iq.v.j IItjuk the grandson of Xivbolaa Wail- 
l>am'»sM«r,hewBi>ocit«r<d at Wad ham Co' 
lego •* A fella w-oomaoner tn I63S (caalio 
money mocarod on 30 April KkWiOadTrtunM 
in ICbnt), but ho doc* not appear to hAT 
malricululed at the uuiverKity ia the uau 
uiauucr. lie wus entered of I.iooolu's ! 
on -Ji Oct. liS-J", aud uax caltnl to the 
on 17 May lOSiJ. He *-wn wcun-d a Ur 

Sraniice, and in lilay M^^ ho waa on« ' 

ibc ^fenci' with 8ir Tboinaa Twy«daB i 
Sir John Mayiiflrd(ie03-ie«ll[q.v.] ^ 
line of urguiucut was tegaided a« a del 
of the govenmonl, and tboy wet« all i 

KCromweira order*, committed to __ 
wcr, bill w«ro r»loa«ed upon tb«ir «ub-] 
ntictins a humbla paction to tho Prottctot; j 
sacriScing the intcrvotn of tlidr client, aajsi 
Ludluw, rather thim low a few drty>' foea" 
(LrnLow, .J/<T««i'r», i. I!:!; CaLSlaU I'sptn, 
Dom. lCW,p[>. 10", 171t,UW). Notrcc^iviii^ 
thficoifiindftrCromwaira gonrnmAu I , Wy u£ i 
ham was one of tliafiMineen biwyer«of«mi-| 
nenec who wero tummoned to be soijaonta 4 
month afl4.-r the Itestoration, haring boon 
culled upou iti the first instance to cantultj 
with the judgM at Serjeants' Inn, Fleel| 
Street, with resjiect to tha iiroceedb 
ngninft the rtviodea; in the fuKher p 
CcfidingK U'jndliAin was etigagecl as one 
the cininiol fnr tho nroieAution(5Uf« V>ra/*, 
v. 1023). 

At the end of the regi«id« triali ho ' 
on ^4 Nov, 160U promoted to be n judge i 
Ch<< king'* Iwuch, lu which &mrt he sat f< 
uiKlit i^ean, recoiviiig ibo customary booonti 
of kniglil.hnod. During tbo whole of that 
time, according to thn evidence of his con- 
lemuorories, ho iDBintaincd a high charnctec - 
for luaming and inpartiolilT. HitcoUengiM*] 
were Hyde, Twysdm, and Kelyni?, and Uieir] 
divisions w«ru rfjiortrd bv Sidorliu, S' 
Thonas [iayiooud, and Sir Oreswrll LvTti 
Sidurlin eaj« that U'vadhani was of gr« 
divrction, cipiiriolly in his calm and sedaul 
tomperupun the bi-nch ; Ilaymond cnlU him ' 
a good and prudent man, whiln Sir Jahit 
irawlMfSolialor-seneral under Wiiliitai HI, 
Bpsaha of hint as ' Uw second best judaic which 
ant in W«slmLiuiar Ball sinee the KinjE^a. 
restoration,' the flnl being prt<jumsbly Sit J 
Multhew Hftb? Tq. v.] (K^nrk* M Cot. 
AI'jrTn.m Sidnel/t Trial, 168.1), 

Sir \\'sdhiim died Dt his Scat of Norno^ 
Ion ou -ii Dei.-, ims. lie marriod, in I6W,.| 
Barbara, daughter of Sir Oeorge Cbirki-, hnt ., 
of Watford, who survived bun owDy yisis, 
dying in 1704 at the age of aareuty-eighl, 
liis eldest son John, father of Thomas, lari 



Wyndham 



75a 



Wyndham 



Wyadlum of FinslaM [q. v.]. uiatriculoiwl 
ftom Wtdhani Cnll^gti, llvford, in HWS, wm 
ndmiltnlof Lincoln'* Innon 23 Fob. IttflO-l, 
wna cnllwi W lio bur in 16(i8, nnd tat ■■ 
M-1'. forSali.hury (lefi nnd 1685-71. Tie 
tliiril Biju, Milliutn, in tliu nnciMtcir of Tha 
WyniJIiftois of IKnlon, Snlinbun-. In 1(557 
Sir WiuiliBni Ueenni« 'jwm.'f nf llit> Iwiiio st 
SklixbiitT known n* St. l^^niund'aCollw; 
thin he dlofiund (will dnti-d 20 Ann. 1603) to 
liii founb noil, -Wttd bam id. U.W), gnuid- 
hlliFr of lli'iiry I'L-nruddock WyndhBin 
[ij.v.} WvndliBm't ojiiniotiH nnd j iidi;ment« 
•j« cilcd Ml tb'.- 17S0. l7J-l,iiiid 17'iS edi- 
tiona of [''iuhuiburt's ' NalMra Itivvium.' 

[flardinw'a Ueg. of Viulbnni Collego, p. 7*: 
Barkn'* I^mW Gnnir; ; Rurkt's Rxtiiic^t Pwr- 
•gv, ».v. ■ Wjinllium. Kiirl of KcMmoul : ' 
UaanTnUoJiiriiWiliiliirp, t:. 81A; Pos'iJudgW 
of Hnglnnd. 11(70. p. :7l: CoU,eii'iiSt»tiiTTiiil«, 
*. 1023. ii. 11)0,1 ; {iodwio'ii KiRl. i)f I.bn Cuni- 

iiioowMiliti, ir. 174 ; Mar<rin'> Ltgul Biblio* 
gruphy.) T. S. 

WYNDHAM. Sir WILLIAM (I«h-- 
1740), hnrr.nni., [KiliUciiiri, wbs bcrn al Or- 
ehnrd-Wyndhnni. SomnniPt|in 1687, the only 
•on of Sir Hclwiird Wvndhnm, second hnronol, 
BOd Calhrritii.-, dnnjrbtrr of Sir Willintn 
LoTewn-Quwui.bnri. HinKnuidfntbiT, Wil- 
liam Wjndhiim uf Urcliurd-Wytidlinni, wo* 
created a b&raii«t mi Sept. 10U1, unil di?d 
in 1683; be vtu t.bs ela#»t ton of John 
Wyndhnm, and nnpb"w nf Sir Wadbnm 
Wjndhnm [n. v.] Iinwn^ I'diicnipd at Ktnn 
•nuUbrist Chiituh. Oiifijril, whunen bi- ma- 
Uioulalcd on I ,luae 1701. Afti-rwnrdn he 
want abroad, nnd on bis.ri-tiirn hv wtu cbouMi 
•I a by-i-Ivc'I iuii to rp|>n<»tnt Suuivraet in 
parliament on 28 A{iril 1710, a few uiontlii 
Wore tbp fall of rbp whig ^ov^rnnient ( fo- 
turn •j/' Mrmhf^rt of Parliainrnt). In the 
nntumn of thni ynnr tbo ([triipml olcclion 
wiu held, and WvinUiiun found his |mrty in 
olfifc. Owing to uis court inliiiMii-'f I Tix'dal 
MTH tbal tli« queen wui tulurLvti'd in bis 
eclucalionjbe joinifd lh« oewadminiMrntioti 
a« mnfctur of the biicVhoimds, and wft» pro- 
moled lo (bctpcrf.'nri'iibip nt ""nr on Si4 Jiinti 
1712. On 1 Marrb in ibis uimo your bin 
baam in .\lbr'raiirl'> Sirci-t., fiirwhich he bitd 
gtvvn 7.000/., wn* burned down, and many 
TAluabli> incliirwi destruyrd, ^V'yndliam nnd 
luafumily eiteaping n illi sumo d ill! out ty. In 
NOTtiiubvr 171a bi- inL." Bpiwini^d cbaiicellor 
of the exclimiUH'i'. lu (f)-' now pnrlinin^nl, 
which mnt on ttl Vnh. 1714, thn ditniptinn 
bctwtwn IJiilintrbrolnj nnd Oiford win com- 

Elet*", and tlic toty nininrily wna jinralyiwid 
y its divinion iulo llnnovyrinn lory and 
Jacobite. \S''yudbain wusundtTtLeinllui-nce 
of Boliug:broK« ; bis wife hud intrigued at 



oonrt agnmitf OifnnL By th« «tid of 1713 
rumouri wern afloat that BolinglnolM t»ii 
WyndhoiD were in tho aioatdaiit, and tha 
' Lxaminw' benn to prepare tbc mind* if 
iu lor^ roadiMs lor a change in llio leadeolnph 
The Bight bidiHQ OsfoRTi diaminal was •>• 
nounni^ ^V'yndluiii was on« of tlioae who 
diDitd with Bolingbroln, and ht was aeUetaJ 
lo he head of t£a firo oonuaiauoiM(s wba 
wtuti to control the treasury nndar Ifaa ntv 
arraii^-aiHnt. The d«aib of tlte quaan is 
tbe midst of theat- inlrig'URi pot an cod to 
Wrndhsm's official carwr, 

Wyndham '■ #liorl p<<riod of office it 
mniiiDd by two ovnnia wliich indicate both 
hi* poiitical puipoao and mathod. Hamln 
early in the d«bat« on Steele's axpnEdon 
from the Huub^ of Commons, and is mm- 
tiooi'd (P'trl. Hirt. vi. 1274) anioag the 
courtiers who pmv^ for a division. Sleda^ 
offence, n* RXplatnAd by Wyndham, was ikat 
Minio of bis writing* 'conlainad inaotenii ia- 
jurious reflecUona on the (|um!B haneU sad 
wen- diclntpd by the »pirit rf rebrilion:' 
in reality Steele's rrimv waa that be wai a 
whig, and in deeiring his eipuLiLou Wynd- 
ham yn* carrying out tb* deliberate policy 
of Itcilin^brcikft to limit fivxxloai of tpMCtt 
and ■ci^'un! nbaolutK [control of ib« (■xeeatHa 
pending Iho death of tbe ({uecn. The oiLcr 
event wiia the Scbiun Art of wbieh Wjiid- 
baui WBM aponKor. The p«irpo«o of the 
meu»itrti wa» lodefecdilie church byctoailf 
tbn sclioola of ibn disHmters, but , as n^thar 
linlingbroka nor Wytidham was animaied 
by rpligiou* moiiviH, iti real signifinace was 
pulitieal. It marks the final rasotalion of 
the imrty wliieb Wyndliam led in the eom- 
inou» !■> tliruw in its lot with tbe high 
clmrch and the JacobitM. 

During tbe cerotnonlM of the snacMsioo 
Wyndbnm ]H^rfnrm>id his ottieial datie*, and 
spoke ill fniour of the twymetit of llaa*- 
vi-rinn froop.i frum the Eiijiliih exchn^nsr. 
Put when piirliuuiFnt ui«t after tbe elrctia 
nf iriii, be rveoKuixed the plight into wliie 
bis pariv bad ralleo, nnd began hli iMde 
■bip of the opprmili-in by objecting 
atmnglr to tlio terms of the king'* procUi 
tiun ^allinf; tlm parlintnoiit tbat ooIt 
llobt^rt Walpolr'i tact prprented his bda 
aent lo the Tower. After a lon|; debate, 1 
the courve of whicb, lb« h»us4 liaTing n 
<|iieM«l bim to withdraw, he Irit with tba' 
whn1>i of bis jiany behind bim, he m* 
formally censured. During tha nest 
nioiitbt, tbougb actively oMiosinK tlw> 
for the kicg'a privr purse (STiXtiOpi;, J_ ._ 
i. 183-1) ana defending the treaty of Utnchl)) 
be appvora to have dono little in tbe debilff - 
OD Ilie impaachaMot of tlie torr lesikn- 




Hia liADtll nera fiill of nii>i'e MTioim work. 
II4 ni plotting in tlie n'>-j>t for n riiins in 
&voar or the Stiurtx. WbRit tlis rulnrfllnu 
lirokBautlu! wocDrruCiiJ at Ordiard-Wynd- 
Itun on 21 8r<pi. 1715, iwcBpod bj a iriok, 
•urrmdcrFd iti h fuw ilays ou llie udvice of 
ha failitM^iu-lttw, tlit> Diute of Som«rMt,tLnd 
wu MDt to tlin T<"ri>T (n dolulml MCount 
H g'lTvn in A FuU Autheittirk Xarmlin of 
fie intfJuUd Horrid Cuiupiraty, 1715), Cnxe 
(MemoirMo/ WalpoU.'i. 7l),oatlieituttiority 
of Lord Sidnpy, ivlnt«i tliat llin cabinHt 
would lmv» orerloukud Wyud}iBui to [ilukM 
dte Ooko of Somutset h&d uol Ixinl Towng- 
baod iMnl»l«d in Us urwt. The incidant 
IsdMSonMSM'twithdrnWHifi'oinllwcnbinRl. 
Wjrnilliwii WM libuTntcd nn bnil in ihc fol- 
lovring July, »nd wii» mtriT brou(t''t "p fw 
trial. Uo wm much Uaini'd for raisiug the 
nbeUiontDSomerK'T uud llieii mnuin); uway 
ttom hia reepoiLsiliihiiM (}[ebvei). 

WvndhAm's msntor t>oU) in palitiRo and 
DUinU waa l.(ird Bnlinebrnko, wlio in Ihii 
sprinjC of 1715 hod flml to Francu and 
cemmittud bimm^lf to Ihu jKcubit« call»l^ a 
OOane to wbich, lio <aid, \VTndhiim woa ; 
tlM ebief lo urgL' Liiu. IIt>uc«fortb \^'ynd- | 
hftiB WAS Uitlu morv than Itoltngbroks's ^ 
mouthpiece in England. Ilf laboured a«- 1 
•iduoiuly for thu. ToinntalcmnnC of thn hixli ' 
cfaorch and it« pTincipIca, and in 1717 
aiuooeded in (;^>ttinir parliamcat to ap^mt 
Dr> Sbmu, a Uiuh t^ciurchmun aud a bulLi-ver 
ia pMaive obvdiL'ui^i! aud uoii-rMii stance, to 
pfMCh at St. Mur^ari^t'* on the SDnivonnry 
of tha lti>«tonili»n. Hi^ »tron£ JA<:!obiti! 
^"»"y were chiofly tlir cauM- of the siu- 
pJekiD und«r which tlw tory party CMli-d, 
anil wliich mailu it im|)oI(.-nt for bo miiuy 
TMra to talw adviLiitoeu of whi^ dissensions. 
To ^Vyadliaiu, BoUnglitolw adoKMed some 
of hia mnsl famous letters JVoni exile, The 
latMr (pTing an account of tbn nam cxpn- 
rianeaaof Bolingbrrikonl lh<' iMurtof Jiim» 
in Pari* waa nont lo him ; lio woh lliu !lr«t 
whom Bo linf* broke, dijt([iuli?d with JamKi I 
and dti*iriug to bo ]iDrdoned by Ooorse. 
umd to absjiduit ihu Juoubiti^s. To bim 
Bolincbroke teut his well-knann npolo^ 
in 1717. Nine »eor» Inior, whun Iiolin([- 
broke won at IViRknihnin alti'niiilinK to 
GUry out hii rbRriatuHl plan of datucliiiig a 
body of whiffs from Wnlpolc, Wyndham 
waa his confidant and. uudcrr LIh iustruutions, 
was co-operating with I'liltKOi-y in the 
KonM of Commons, altecking the fori<i^ 
poller of tbe Walpole*, thn Incronjin of thn 
Rtandin;;army, thfl pmsion biltn, tbti financial 
adminiBtrnticiQ. and drawing attontion to 



the corruption Ein-'Tolant at olefllious. 
When, in \i'2% an or^ttinud upiJ 



L 



jipOslllOB 



to Walpolv wn» formed, Wyndhaa : 

lb« IcBaunbi^ of thi! tory wins, and gava 
Walpolt; uouiidcinibln trDiibin. llut 'tt'; ' 
liam waa Dulincbroke's muulbpiucn 1 
When he attacked \N'nlpolu in 1790 for |icr- 
milting the defences ut the harbour of Dun- 
kirk to mmain UDdemolished, BoliuebnAu'a| 
iK«rctaiTinva*tig«Ied ibn matter on the suutjj 
CliH acnvt of atlacki which h* delirored 01 
^^'ul(Jotl;'sliuaIu;l■, rmin theaolt to tlieexcia 
duiii^ii, which huva been oonaideied hia Boa 
omiorical and iutelleotnal eflbrta, miut 
cniditod very Larvelj to Boli&gbrake. Tbs' 
heat of tb«M deDal<« ciilnijnated in I73j, 
when the Septennial .\cX wa« under di»> 
runeiuu. Wyodhiim had attacked Walpols^ 
with special caunlieitv (bi« »p™fih winning 
frocQ SnicUetl the L-ulogiuiii ' tile unrivalled 
omlor, the nncorrupted Brilon, aud ibu un- 
ahahrn patriot'); the prvinitT replied by b 
violunt attodi upon Bolin^broke. The toty 
policy was a foihiri^. BoTiiigbrokeV drtiaui 
of a 'lory-whiff oppo.iiiou b-d bv liimself in 
the pateou of Wyndtnro proVMl an impoMJ-, 
bilily. When the i-li-clioa of 1745 runcwedl 
the whig majoritv. Boliu{;broke again lofbj 
the country, and Wyinlhaia led his 
tion with dimioiihiid heat. The coi 
■pondencc with hin chief wne renewed, : 
raiiffwl from odvicu gneu to form a coalition 
witL the Pelhiim* 10 hunting iatclligi-nco 
nnd appeals lu suU Duwii-y. 

The chit'f epiMKlcd uf liie laat few yousl 
of Ilia parliamxnlary life were his support Oc 
thu IVinco of Wales in Ills quarrel with 
the king about hia allonance, and his 
oppositiun to tho nonvtiition with Spain, 
wheu he walki>d out of the llouac of Com- 
mons, foUowed by bia party, as a prntesl. , 
He knew that bis tactics ha^ been truitl«a^ \ 
and hn diwiissed with Pope, shortly buforo-i 
hia duatJi, a pr^ect for forminK a new 
method of oppoaition (Ki.wih ouiT Coi;bt>-J 
HOPE. Fojit, IX. 1781. B[ieaker Onalow*!-] 
esiLuiateof Wyudham wait: 'Iho nio»t mad* 
f'>r a ^reat man of unv thuC I bavi' known 
of tlus age ' (ColE, il'atpuU, ii. CHO), Ho 
belonged to tho gay political aud hieniy 
oircloN which mixi^il together in the rei^s 
of Anne and Oeorcv, and woa a leading 
Hpirit in cutirrica likii thn October Club, 
lie was one of the foundem of the Brother*' 
Club, of which Swift became a nwmbtr in 
June ITIl. lie recommended the Bmall 
pnot Diaper to the members iu March ITld, 
One of ths Brothers, ' l>uke' Disney, left 
him GOOf. in 17.^1. E^oM Stanhope, com- 
menting on Pope's linm in the ' Kpiloguo to 
the SatirBB ' — 

Wyndltatn, juat In fn^odom and tlin throoe. 

The master of eur piisBiuus und bia owu— 



Wyndham-Quin 354 



'opc'a pnuH doM not applT lo bit 
lilo, ttaeo it n|ip«ttn tluc, tboitgli 



pnnle I . „.__ __ . 

twice n&riiod, li» nwmbled liu fiii^niU 
Bolingbrake and lUtlmrH aa & man of 
jHnMon.' IIU manner wm etortUni ; hm 
onttaj WM inupMMin altbougb be \i»A a 
■tutter in lua nwedi, end he atuodod n<t7 
oluwl^lu politics, lib *p«ccbM ova «aini> 
ttdns in politli sad intoUcct tu BolinKbrokc. 
bnt nia lt*d«n]ilp wu rendend iD«fi«ictuiLl 
bv his CMnpletD >nim>iid«r to bis fri«)d. 
lie di«d at Wvll* on 17 Jiin« 1740. 

iln WM twioo marriad : 6rat, SI Julj 
1 7W, toOat harini), Moond dniijihtcrofOharlaa 
BtymmlT, aixth dutce of Samcrwl, bj whom 
be had four children — Cbarltu \N'jiidhiuii 
[q. T.\ who becaiaa the Earl of Egreuuinti 
and "I'/rnr, wbo, nJo^iug the sumane 
O'Brido, brcnmft thn Esrl of Tlianoad i 
CaUwrina ; and Klitabnth, wfan marriad 
Qcntgc twivillp [q. v.] WTDdham matriad, 
•Koudtj, SIsritt Cit hiTJDit, aangbtcrof Pot«r 
d'Jtiag i>t UirM'lii, Bud widow of the Mar* 
quisoirDlaiKUi>rd,bf whom he had no liaue. 

A tbfM-qiiartflr fei^h portrsil of Wynd- 
ham in bU chancellor^ raV« bj Kn«ller is 
dated 1713. ThMn ar* two cn^T«d por- 
trait — a meuotint by Fabcr, rxccutod in 
ITW, and a liiw engravtnx bji' Hoabrnknii 
flBr Krdi'a ' Lives,' aftir Richardaon ; llw 
latter WM reduced by ItavMiet for Smollett's 
' Ilwlory.' 

SAiitliorilimfiiiut«>l;0»nl. Mag. 1710. pp.329, 
; Posler'sAlumaiOion. IfiOlClTU; WfoD'a 
nsi BoTcr'i Uiitorin of the Roign of Qua«n 
Aano; Ia^j's l!iiit.or tliaE(|btaMith Cratury, 
Tol. i.; Jrase'v Conn of Knj-laiid, 16S&.I760, 
18(3; Harra/iSomMvot: Cotli(iKa'«3anier«al. 
im, iii- 490 ; WtnCworch Pnperr, 18S3,pp. lOS. 
U9. 374. 38S : MsoknlKbt'* BoUBsbruke : Pari. 
UtaU 1 Swift's Joornid to Stella-l J. R. M. 

VYWDHAM-QUIK. EDWIN RI- 
CITAItll WINDHAM, third BaulopDcs- 
ii*te(<IS13-1871). [SeeQtrix.] 

WYNPORD, firrt, BAWir. [See Rect, 
WiLum Diiti-Kii, 1767-I»ir>.] 

WYNN. [See also WvjotB.] 

WTNN. CHARLES WATKIN WIL- 
LLUIS (ITi&lSW), |«.litician, bom ou 
Oct. I77A, wss lh<isecMid eoncJ'Sii' Wai- 
Idn ^Vil1ia(Ds Wpin, fourth baronel of 
WynasUy, Hcnhighshirn (d. July 1789), 
who mairiod, on 21 Dec. 1771, as his 
aeoond wife, uharloltc, dau)[Iitcr of (irorgn 
Orenville, nrt«r of the lirst Mnniuis of 
Bueldfigliam and aunt oftlir 6r>.t liukn of 
Buchioj^am ; «he died «l Richmond, Surrey, 
on 39 Snt. 1833. llis i^nudfather. Sir 
Watlrin wiltikiDa Wjnn, and Lis youa^ 



Wynn 




bralber, Sir U-ftxiy, Wathin WilliaiH Wjn. 
are aeparatdy noiiocd. 

Fmm 177yto 1763 Robert NanM [q.r.' 
waa tator lo Wyna and hia elder bfolhs) 
living with thtoi at WrnniUr and in Lom^ 
Am, On S3 Uarcfa 1731 WTnn waa ^ 
milted ot WeatmiiMtcr acbool, and in 17M 
Nan», ib^an uaberat the itchoo), resuaiii 
hU tutofship of the brotlien. Wvnn rr- 
tainml in an«r rean k>* omnertion wiik 
WcatminMor. lie was a et«ward at this 
anniTenariea ot I7B0 and 18^, and wm 
el«eted a Boabr trasleo in 1839. !■ UM 
and IdSdbe gare for conpctiiinn amooglhe 
WaalminWer boy* a wiiienbip in India. 

VTynu natricnlatad at Cbiin Ctnireb, 
Oxfotd, on34 Dm. ITBl.cnduatcd &A.i^ 
1795, and M.A. in 1703. OnfiJuIjI^H 
the first y«ar of oSco of his ancle, L^a^l 
GrenTtUe, aa chanedlor of the tuuTwatty. 
he was created D.OlL. ilia rooms aa «■ 
nndecgrtdaal« wera in 'Sknlvton C«n»r,' 
whef* Soulhey, who had made bit &ind- 
«hip at Wostminater in 17H8 and kmt it 
throuafa life, wadofWalO visit him. Wy^ 
tliougn not a rich man, taade SoatheTsa 
allowaooe of ISW. per annum, WjMJff 
with the laat quarter of 179S aad easing is 
tS07, when, through the aane fritadly ■»■ 
llueDea,a aat pension of 1-Uf. a jraarwrn 
beatowsd m him by tlw gOTemmnt. Is 
1801 Wjmi hoped to obtain for his fneai 
the poK of aeoretarr to soma Tt&lian bfa- 
tion, but was diiappo«nt«d. Souths^ in 
IKK doilicated to him the poan of' M^do^' 

Oil 31 April 17d& Wyna waa adMU^_ 
student at Lincoln's tnu (vlatniasMi .~ 
i. 6S4), and was called to ■£• baron S7 3 
179!^. He attended tho Oxford and No 
Wales circuit, but his pajlianentary duties 
preveuted him faun puisiung his pralession 
with Buo«eas. In ^HS be waa eleOed a 
benchar of hb inn. Through tbo inillasacc 
of his connection, lA>Td CaukeUbnl, hewm 
»iumed to parlinment at a by^^cetimi oa 
S» July 1797 for the pocknt-bomo^ ot OU 
Sarun. Bd'ore the porliamrat waa out h* 
nwigned tiis teat lo itand for a Tacaney in 
Monigomerrsliite.wliereliisfainil}' * — ' 
intontst, andwaJretnriMdoo 19 J 

I'bero was a contest for its i , 

1631, but hn waa easily rat urned, and bal 
the teat continuously until his death in IE 
when lie was tho 'fiither' of the Henni 
Commons. 

Wynu supported PStt on the inCKMsetl 
tho a>»f»Md taxes in 1796, and joined with 
hiui in actinff adreraely to Addingtoa^ai- 
miniitratMa,biiitTa(*d on 13 June 1805 te 
the impaachnMnt of r.ord MelvtUe. Ttn 
its formation in 1803 until be ttn^ned is 






Ift44 hn hnU! t1i« comi&atiil of ih" Moot- 
eoiDMyahiir yeomanry cnvsW. 'i'bo thnin 
lirotliers Wvnn •r*- drpicrmJ in f!ni»j-*ii 
owicBluri' of ' A Wnkh Tnndpin ' (21 J«n. 
1K)1>. tiul oil I'JMarlHOOiiUddi^rbrotlK^r, 
Sir Wnikiii Wynn, und he. figured in tliO 
wnw artiiit> ciricaluro of 'Tho Bear^C. J- 
Fox]and hia Lrsdnr' [T^rfd On>iiville> In 
it tli-v wen calUd ' Hubble nnd Squnalc, n 
UupI.^ nicknniDM wliich lind hnnn fivtm to 
tiwm tbrough Uu) ptculliiritjr of tlicir voicta 
(WmSBT And Eriya, Gillray Carieaturrt, 
Vp. aeO, 463). From 19 F«4i. I8(M to Ooto- 
MT 1M7 h« wu DndM-wcreUiv of sUM for 
tha homo dopATtnMnt in \he sdmiiunration 
of ' oil tha tntonM,' which wm pvndtdoTor 
by liu unctc. Lord (In-nTillp. 

Wjnn WM fond of purliniuftilarj lifr nnd 
took an aclire part in debute, being cou- 
tMimi AjmM ftutlioritj' on points of pro- 
e»dura. Fla wu c^pot^ for apeakor on 
S JuiMi lelT. anil in tho opinion of Sir 
Samuel Ilomilly wiu rminnntly qnnlifiiid for 
tbepoit, At (lelind ■ br long ntlpnlion to the 
mhfMt inude bimu-l/ compIpteW ma«l«r of 
xiu> Ian of parliament nnd (he forma of pat- 
lianectaTj proceeding ' (Memoirt, tii. ^0- 
S97). But MnnnorvSutton was tanjioTteid 
by thn goremmant, and won by 812 yotw 
to lo;>. CJanning said that tha only <>bj«e> 
ti'Mi lo Wynn was that 'one would buwmo- 
times l«mut«dtoiay Mr. BqueoJcvr' (MouBB, 
JXaiy, V. S"8). 

Durnig lH18aiid 1819 Wynnendeavour»d, 
■• bador of the nM4nb«r» sctiag in the inl«- 
iMt of hi* rrlntitfl, ihn Marquis of Biicking- 
hsm. lo form ■ third pnrly in thn llnniut of 
CoviiuMin*. but iKime of thn little parly of 
politiciaiM thought that be leaned too much 
to thi} i>id<> of the wLiga, In 1819 ht- w&s on 
Um civil list comiailt««. and during 1620 he 
•tvoaKly objcciod to the coDcIncl of tli« king 
and liu miniiitnr* towards QoMn Carolinn. 
Wheu tbcw^ truubloa were orsr, tho cnpporl 
of lyrd Bucliiiu(tuun'ii aiUien^ti wiu ■I'l^uiwd 
by the tory ministrr. From .lEUiuiiry l^:J^ 
to Fnbrusry 1S28 Wjiui held thu po»t of 
pcsidant of tlio board of control with a sMt 
ID Uw caUnet, and on 17 Jan. IK^ be was 
■wora of tba prirr council. In S^plmibor 
1833 Canning, who liked him not, desired 
his transfBr to atnea other office to make 
roora for Hiukissoii. Therv were diUurencss 
befwi-en them in the following year, and in 
1821 Canning called him ' lh» worst man of 
bu'inca thnt lover nuA' (C^auliltg QnTfuip. 
i. 'JOl). Nererthdlnui ha mosinM in oRico 
for ail yean, cr«i throujth the brisf admini- 
stniliont of Canniiifi and Lont Oodetick. 
When Ibe Duke of ^Vellington formed hia 
cabin«4 in 1838 tk« Duke of Buukinghaui, 



|i cabinwt ii 



who hnd long pressed hi* daicn* to hia 
olSce, thouj[bc that be, aadnot Wynn, ah 
hare a pUoein it,Baa Wellington iW 
ejected Wyuu, as Sovlh«y Baid, '» 
want of OOUrtfar, of rMPOCtf and of feeling. 
But evsn Soiithpy liod heanl thai Wynn' 
was 'oiM of thn miiil impincticsble persons 
to deal with, taking crotclicti in bis h«ad, 
and holdina lo them with invineible pef- 
tiniiaiiy' (^irff*/!S rd. Warier, iv. 132 S). 

After his loss of office Wynn wk» draim 
into opposition. Ilo supported O'Connetl's 
dsims to sit for the county of C1nT«, aud ho 
Tolsd for ^ir Henry l^lmill^ll moiioii on the 
civil lint which brouf[hl about iha downfall 
nf the Wellington mini it ly. [nlbemiccM^ 
ing adm!iiiatniTi<m of Lord Grey he was *»• 
er'.'turi' at nar from Xovt^mbtrr li^Sii to April 
1831, but without n place in the eabinet; 
and he ws* aUo a mrmber of ifae btiunt of 
control, lie did not approve of Lord J(^ 
KusiwH's disfnoRbijieiBent pniposats in l^ 
lUforni Bill, nnd, nlthongh ne Toled for the 
second reading of the mijasupe, he mppoi1«d 
Oeuttrsl Oascoyue's amendment, wbr.n tho 
whiff government were defeated by 299 rotea 

In 1831 Wynn wiu active on the com- 
mi»ion for inquiry into thn public rocordsr 
and in Sir Kcibert refl'i diort miniMry of 
December 183-1 to Ajiril 1836 he held tho 
office of chaooellor of the duchy of Lancnilor, 
but was not called Into the cabinet. On 
3 Feb. 1*^ ha was appointed a ooramis- 
(ionnr to inijuire into the state of the dioceses 
in Kngland and \^'nlcs. Ho is said to baTv 
thrice refused tlie pust of goTemor-naeral 
of India. .\Uhi)ugh he rat in parfumost 
until IS&O, li« was not ft|nin offered office, 
Slid he gradually w!tfaiit«ir ftom public 
sffiiin, pn;fiirring' to dwell at his pleasant 
conatry soat, with it* ' noble lerracee,' Uaa- 
godwin in Uenbighshira (Sovrun, Z^ft atut 
Corrftp. ir.Sdl). He was the first pTMsdcut 
of the Itoyal Aiiialit! Society^ laklngBloadillg 

rarl in lis proceedings Crom its fbundation is 
fti^, bntlie rssigned the position in 1841. 
Iln wan vlMHeA KS.A. on 9 Jaii. IfiOa 

Wynn died al 30 (irnfton ^troet, LomlODt 
on 2 ^ept. 1S6C^ s^ed 74. nnd wns buried by 
tho Hide of his wife and nou in n vault of St. 
George's Chapel, Bavawaicr. He marriM), 
on 9 April 1800, Xfarv {d.4 June ISM), 
eldest dnui;liter of Sir foster CunlilTe, loit., 
of Acton I^LTk, Pe^bigh*Mr«, and bsil isme 
two xQiii and five d-tiubters. Tlie eldest 
dangblcr, Charlotte Williams Wynn, is no- 
ticea separately. Sidney, the fntirlh daugh- 
ter, mairied, on VJ Dec. 1811, Sir Francis 
na^tings Doyl>, who doseribtu tlieee sisters 
* a a women of n very noble type,' 



Wynn 



256 



Wynn 



L 



The ^Jittciftn's «Uler, Frances Williiiro* 
Wtiiu, Mvho dinl ou Hi Jun* ISA?, agwl 
ftbout wi'eulT-WTOTi, WW tho wnlcr i>f 
'DwriMof a l^T ot gualilT, 17»7-I^U,* 
twoadiiioniof wLtcUappMniTia IMI umler 
tbo edilorahip of Almhini IlavwarJ. 

Wvnn wai tli« antliot of ' An AiguiMiit 
upuu ibi! JuriadiotioB of ibe lIoDteof Com- 
inoat 10 cwiawit io Cbm* of nmaRli of Pri- 
TU<ge,' pnbli&hed in May 1810, an<l twicer n^- 
iMued, w'ltli au nppacli.x, bv Aujtiul ll^lO. 
It dmit n-il!» thr urrcil of sir Fnuici» Bur- 
dstt, Wmii b(iiu({ ctuar ihat llie house pus- 
Minad tiiu power of arrcdl. Man^ lelten 
from bim on; iu itiH Duke of Buckiogbam'a 
'Court under the Etegvmcj'' (ii. SOO«tMq., 
and in the following volumw) ; Bi«hop 
IIeber'# ' l>ifn ' by hi« widow (vol. ii.)— ho 
conferred on lleb« thubiiilioiirioof Calcutin 
— in Soutbi-y's ' Lif* and OcTrwpondenice' 
(toU. i-r.l; auil in all tha VMUmei of 
HouthL-y'a ' Letters,' which wera edited l^ 
Warier. A letter from him to Crolnr on 
the aiillirirship of thn Inttcrs nf Janiun ii in 
the ' Croltnr I'npcni " tiii. 183-4). Ho wili 
■n vxenptionntly well- informed man. He 
iKHaeMea a uopy of tlte firai folio edition of 
'Shake^waiv, atid lia waa horrified at tbo 
antm in Scolt's ' Iranhoe ' Olonnu, Diary, 
JL 94S). A graphii; description b^ Southny 
of hi» tni^y miuincr. alwari ' doing Bome- 
thing elan,' i« ijuoted in Souibey* 'Letter*' 
(ed. Worter, iv. o30), 

[GotiL. Mali. 1S3S il. in7, 1880 i[. 1144-91 
Itojlo'* lioniiDMOcDCM. pp. 3811-3 ; WeleJia 
Alumni Wotmon. nL I'hiUimuro, pp. 39S, 4&7- 
4»S. 5'ig. utl,Ad7; Horknriuid^taaniDg'iWcft- 
minit<'ri!cho<>in-.'CtttBn;VrilLi8ni«'aMoutj,-on»ry 
WnrthiM, pp. 32a-33 ; Kuijthi'* Colwrton Mi>- 
moriab, ii. TS. "3. Itf7. 2Hi : ItocbaokB Whig 
UiniMry. ii. 190.3: Wilnnn'i Homo of Com. 
moni. pp. 111-13: Dtikt of BuckinKli»m'tCDim 
uiiiIkf the ttrttcSFV. il. 14. 64. ieS-7. 339: 
Court of OK>n:o iV, i. JIfi-!7. 103. ii. 10-11, 
3e7-TO. 877 ; Court of WillUm IV, i. 117, 101. 
823; Dibdin'i Library CoTomniuo, p. 813; 
flontlio^r*' Lifi' nnJ CorrsaponilciiM, i. 180. 290, 
■i. 149, IS8, iil. 72. n-SLir. 817. 3A4, r. 80-8, 
»i. H7; Southcy'« lullvn, ed. Wurtsr, 1. 882, 

ii. «os, ir. aae4{)-] w. p. c, 

WYNN. ClIARLtnTE WILLIAMS 
(ie07-]8ai»^,diari8t, bornon IIS Jan, 1W7, 
waa the elduel daugLier nf Cliarles Waikln 
'Williaaia Wjhd [q. v.] Ilor childhood wna 
jtunrd at DropEaore on the ThantM, tho utat 
of iiOT pTcat-undp, I>srd GrpnTilU-. Thon-, 
(uid at hf^r fnlhfir'i housL- in London, she 
bccanii! imqunintod with aom^^ of llie uiosl 
diMinjiiiislir-J persunii of thi- dHj, both in 
lilcmturo and iu politics. Iler fatber'a de- 
clining lieitlth cocDptiUed him to journey in 





1896 to Wieabedi-n, aad while prncM^a 
tbe steamboai fiuui liottrnliuD to Bi*~ 
>bn met VamhafeQ tod Eua«. During b* 
fathar'ii annual viait» to Germany Varabapa 
mad* a point of coming to aM> tliigm, aid 
ibnir friiendaliip Ufted until his death ia 

Hias Wrnn knew many mrta of Cng lanj, 
and tnT«Ued much in Italy and Swiixr- 
land aa well a« in Germany. Sbo wa< in 
IVri* during thtt Irx>nbU<d penod from S ^^H 
l8.)l to tho vaA of i'fbniaty 1^-J, and ^H 
ncribe* in detail the events of that toSW 
Later on, in her English liamo at 43 Oimc 
Street, London, ali« funned ' claM> and laatiat 
fmndahip ' with Bunaen, Kio, Thonua Ca)> 
lyln, and F, D. Slaurice. Lcttcta 
from Manrico are priatvd in bi4 ' 
315 la, 34a, 382, 4fl3, «ll. 569, 
and one from him, dcacriMive of her 
raotw, ia found in tb« proface (pp. L 
her * Mecaori&b.' In 1866 Miaa Wynn 
compalM tkroi»li illncM to rend* neady ■ 
th« year in a foreign rlimalv. Slui di4d at" 
Arcachon on S(t Apnl 1800, imd was biavi 
in tItR cemetery thci«, 

A Tulione, entitled ' MomoriaU of Char- 
lollB WilliauM-Wynn, edited by ber Siattf ' 
I^Mra. Uarriol 11, Lindoay) wa« p«Uiilwd 
ID 1877, and ruianuad in I8'78. Manyof lb> 
lettan and estracta had urrvioualj tpfmivi 
in a volurao printed aolely for priratc cim- 
lation. Thay aliow bnr |» have been wtll 
r«nd in modem titr.Tnture, both Knglid ani 
for>?iini, and to bare poaarMied a cultivaiaj 
miud inslinut with r«liKiaua foeliug. P«fc 
fixed to both the publiaued editiooa of twr 
'Mtnnoriala* is a signed engraviwi by tL 
Adlard, fVom a drawing of her by H. ' 
WbIIh, R.A,, in 18M, 

(Qeal. Mag. tSOT, i. S8 ; pttCaw (o 
tiaU, 1877.] W. P. 

WTNN, ai» IIENUy WATKIN WIL- 
LIAMS (,17t<3-18G6), diplomatidt, bocn ot> 
16 March 1783, wan youngor brotW of 
Charles Watkin Williams Wvnn '<].f.] Its 
Riitored the foreign offic as AptU in Januatr 
1799, whun his nnde, I.«rd Gmavillw, wu 
it« head, and narly in 1801 waa appemtal 
hiiiprivatcaccrctaryandjMiATuwritcr. Prwn 
April ItWt to April 1807 b« waa mtei 
e.itraordinary to tliu elector of Saxony, aiii 
bis services were rvwarded with a pouion 
of l,WOi. a year (HatMrd. IB May ISS, 
■p. (^2^). For a few raonilui (January to 
April 1807) hn wit in narltamcni f-u the 
borangh of Midhartt. In his uncl»*( firii 
year uf offico a* chancel Inr of the univenilj 
of Oxford he waa ereatixl D.C.L. (6 Jalt 
1810). Wynnwasmaducnroyextraordinaiy 



4 

p.aT^ 




Wynn 



«S7 



Wynn 



»it(l minister plM>ipol«nliu7 to Switierlatid 
ill February IfrJS: the appnintiUPtit ynt 
ciiliciwd in ibe nou«s of Lardson W Mnrdi 
it*i2, and in th« commcma on lo aiu] 
Ifi May (iS. vi. new «or, pp. V2Sr~iao7, 
Ml'] vii". aOS-TO). He waa irausferrwl W 
n like pnailiou at tlie i-otirl uf Wiirtembew 
in February l^-'3. lu Seplrrabnr I8:J4 
_hii watamc iu a siiuilnr <'a{)iij:-iiv to ('opeif 
en, remaining ibniv until onrly in 1S511. 
!9W«*creiii*"inprivTPotiiicillof on 30 Scpl. 
|B2S,majdnBKniahl firnn<j(.'ro«>if Haiiover 
rin]83l,iind K.C.B.oh I Mnrcli 1«1. He 
dieJc)iil'8Miir<!hls;»l. Oii^lUSepl. l)4|:tLa 
niBTTltid Ile&ter FraucM, Hiitb Jaiifhlnr of 
ilonlCarringcoii. SkedisdoDnMnrcb 
18&t, baying bsd iuue tbrM «on« knd thrrn 
daii)[bter*. \Vi» favoiiriln ■on was killed in 
ttin C'rimftn in 1854 {.Vnnorials o/ Charlotte 
inUiama. Wynn. p. 2(«). 

LeliiTi from Wjiin nre in ibe Duku uf 
Buckinpluim'9 'Court ofOi-orge IV* (1.^25, 
2t!l. -ihX. li. f^6, 11", 172) uiid big 'Court of 
^VillUiu lV'(i,62). L«iH^r»to him from t.aiiy 
ilnlnr Winnbnp.' from cho l>n».-rl in lS*l;i 
nro in t'ronciui Willinma Wjiin'* ' lJiarii«' 
(pp. 32C^7). 

I liurku'* pOTr«C" : Frfler'n II»ronHn{i«; Vt»- 
f* Alnmai Oian. ; Ci'iit. Mi«. ISiO. i. 510 -, 
Jnkoof Backinsluun'* G*orgc IV, pp. 232. ISX- 
127.399-410.] W. P. a 

"flnrNN, Sir JOIIV (lSf;«-lfl2a>, onti- 
ouiuT, Ixirn in I .'■■'i^ at (tirydir in ('arnortxiii- 
^birn, wiw t.lio eldnit hiii of Mniirice (or 
lorrii) Wvnn (»oii of Joliu Wynn rip Mere- 
ditbap Iruiin).l>v bislirsl wife, Ja[II^,dHugb• 
t«r of Sir Eik'bsrd Biilk«ler of Iteariuiarifk 
, He WM lhjrl«enlh id direct. ]in<^ df^ceut 
am Ow*D Owynodd, »on nf (iruQydd np 
Sjman (wbo wan rhn fonndnr nf thn cbiof 
royal Uib» of ^Vali^a). and bin uncrailora 
bad b*Mi for Beneraliona noluriouii for tlio 
number of ibi^ir progeiiy. both legitimate 

uid illi;$itiiuai(>. Tliu fmt tu settlo at 
}irjrdir itv Mereditb, to wbMC %on» cLe 
DO of Owynor Wynn {Ang!i-ii White) 
■]mw» t.0 bavn hi-pn lirct cnmmrinly st- 
taehed, prcsumnlily bornuiw of liinir fair 
eoinnluioiia. 

3f«radjtl('a greai-sraadiorn, (Sir) John 
Wynn, became astiident of the luupr Temple 
in Oclobflf K>76, nnd priibablv cupplifal-.-d 
for n.A. at Oxford on 10 Jiin'.> l.vS. lie 
in *Qpp«iwd to hnTf nlto lrnv<'lWi nlin^ni! In 
bin yoiitb.iu hi! i« frfmivl lo by his kintniBii 
and neigLbour, Arcbbinhop u*i!iimn«, an 
li&viaj; »i«n 'inulloriun moren hominuro ct 
urb«g. On tbe daath of his Iniher on IU Xag. 
lASO h« ncceedcd to the Owydir I'BiAle, to 
. dovvloprncnl of which aau the adrance* 

Ulll. 



mcnt of hiR own fiimily he tlicri-jifter devoted 
biioiieiralmoct exduMTnlv. IIo served M 
■herilTfor ComKrvanBbire in 11)66 and 1II03, 
(ind tor Meriouetluhin in tIiS9 and 1601, 
and w&s M.P. for the former oiunly frnm 
Oetobfr I5at! lo tlw following March. He 
won kni^ht«d on 14 May li^O", sod created 
baronet (on the introdiK^Ion vf tltAt digrnJtv) 
on '2^ June Idll. He wiu iwom In aa 
mumber of ibe eountil of the mnrrhc-* at 
Ltidluw in IU08 (Clith, Lvdlon; p. 273). 

In 1(109 Wynn wu iuvolted in a illiputo 
with his tenant* at I)olwyild>>tuu. refuiiiui[ 
to n>npw tho twenly-nne y»'ftr*' leMe« irhicli 
ho bnd bi?cn ordc^rr.d to grnnt thmn, atid 
psictiii([ tbo«c who piitionnd the crown for 
protection (Cal. Slair fapera, Dom. 1003- 
ICJIO, pp. &88. tHO. tH3 ; cf. Yobkb, p. 6, 
n. 2), The evcbeqijer eveutnully decided 
in the tenant*' favour IE.<y^*giirr iJKffea, 
n.Tarai«I,4tb.er. i. fol. i78; Wrhh Lnnd 
C-'mmifian, 16S6, Kvidencn. v. 383-&, 301, 
lUport, p. 140), but Wynn did not chango 
bii treatment of then). Souii> time aiW, 
the presideul and COOntuI of the nurohMWon 
ruquested by the orown to jinxttwd Bgiiiniit 
\\ ynti for ' various flairratii acts of onprw* 
nioH." In IWnmbiT Ifll-I tbiry Bned liim a 
tbouuind mnrki>, impriMOMd Mdiq of hia 
■rrvunls. niid recommanded that ha might 
be difOiiiHcd from their body and from thn 
lieuti-uiucy orCumurrunBhin!. ^^'yn^ him- 
(Hilf had Konetol^iiduu, InMcud ofappearinK 
before tb^ council, and ibore he peiitionM 
the king (Oal. Stair Paprrt, Dom. 1611-18, 
pin. 336, 363). A briW of 3&D/. to • groom 
oi the bcdobaaiber nppenn to bavo nmcnnM] 
him both remimion of hi* finca and pardon 
for his uffenoe* | Yobkb, pp. 7, 104), tofociti- 
latii the trraulio^i of wliivfa be alto made • 
voluriinrv ' aubniiMion to tlio censure of tliu 
court' (iliif. MSS. Omim. IStb Rep. App. 
pp. 14,856). 

VV'ynn did nol, howuvcr. uefilect loM 
qiiolioQable meauH of odvaueintt bi> own 
iuleresto. He purchoMd from tho crown 
lauds, with coal mines, iu North Wain 
(Cal. StJifr PafH-r', 1«U-18. p, 241): he 
worked a lead mmc near HwTdir.nnd appears 
to bavo brnn intnrc*tod in tba Goppnr mines 
of Au^IrM'y. Ho Kugnwlod and pcrlups 
nilRmpted tha introductioti of Irishmen for 
the munufacture of W'elsli friezen iu the 
rale of Conway. He urged Sic Hugh 
Myddeltou [q. v.l to undertake (along with 
liimself) the redaniation of the extensive 
fnudabetWMnUMOOUntiaaofCnmarToaand 
.Mt^rionnth, a work which Myddetton de- 
clined, but which wiks carried out nsarly 
two bundnid yean later by AVilliam Alex* 
ander Mndocka [q. v.] 



W'ynn 



«5S 



W'ynn 



WrlUh BiitiqiiiliM,<aw«ikU;BUie)i «a related 
u hii oin HuailT. Wrtly "" itb ilie obftft 
of kliowin^ Lu ilcicrDl from On en Gv^DMd, 
•od p*nl]r lo wrra w ui alMtncl of till* to 
Li> propotf , b« wmu > ' HicUr; of tlw 
(iwidir Familj,' tho tDuiiucript nf wbirJi 
wM « prucd in North \V»!«i iIurinK tbc 
next IW yuan titat 'nunjr in ibow paita 
Ikt it wmtli wliiltr to maki! fair u>il 
truwcripd) of il.' 1( na» at U«i 
t bv DaiBM B«mBgt«a ■)> 1770 (cf. 
flCBOUi, &/. IWutntimu, T. AS::^! z^. 
AHfd^t*, ill. 5), Bad rtpriiit«d witfa addi- 
ttonal notea in biii ' MivGcllaniiw' in 1781. 
For :hMe cditioiu Dr. TbocBU Tctct (1768- 
1^^0«) [q.v.] iyiDtriliut«(! gvncalugtcal UblM 
anil ndUt, A lliird nlilicm bf Angli&nd 
LIb'JiI anMand in 1^^, aail aootW, for 
«bictiWiUia»WailiiaEdwBrd Wyiini>;fi.T.' 
coatrifautsd ntua«roi» noicii, w&< ptiblifthrd 
in 1)^8 (Uivphtj, 4to). It* chief intcrrst 
is tbat it ia tbv only worlt extant wbicb 
ana an Mcouni of tbe atat« of McietT in 
Noftb Wa]«a ia tbe flftccntli and tie earlier 
put of tbe aixtaeiitb ceBlnriea. A tran- 
acript of tbe * lUcoed of Oacrnarroa,' witb 
WVnn'* iMtBn thfTcoa, limna TolaBDC Ko. 
■t.i6in tbe lUrkiun ooUectiDa u tlw Bri- 
1i*h Miueiun. ile olio made a aiurej of 
PcaunncEnnuvrr. and hU uunnacript wm 
qooud li; GilMon in bis addiliou (HBder 
CanwrvooabiM) to Catnden'a ' Btitamua.' 
It aabtMiiitatlr cane into tbe poaaaaakw of 
Tbntmiia Wrigli-. (1810-1877) \q. r.). and 
iLirtv cn|Mu of it. edited by J. O. llalli- 
well, w«Te priratelr printed in ISM. 

Besidea tiein^ liimtrlf o l^ood acbuUr, 
ytjam, like bn failirf, irav a geaeroiu 
patron of taamin^. In I'-Ht \v joined 
M*««l of tli« gcnlry of Xorlh Vt'iAft in 
petitioninii for a nyal romniiuion ^> hold 
an riitoddirod tiBilai to that held in 1568 
at Cavrreyt (OwDRMTBT!! EvAXi, Rtport 
on W,Uk M88. \. 3931. To Lit eooonrace- 
neat wai due much of the liirrarv work of 
Lb kinnoAD, Tboma* Williamf' (Ifico?- 
16d0f)C<l-*'-]i *bo«« Ixiin-Wdeh dictioaar>- 
ba aou^Bt to |^c pnbliahed during tlio 
aotbor'a lifetinip. Another work, a ci>Iliic- 
tion of V\'elBh pTUvcrtis, being llo*lj-n 
nonoieriiit No. 201 (op, cil, p. :J7a), Wil- 
liuni dnfitalwl to Wjnn. 

Winn (lied at Gwrdir on 1 March 1036- 
1Q37, and w»* buried at I.tannrM ou ibo 
night of ihr liny foIIoirinirfl'trrnK lloaciirs 
Cvlla V^ancydd, p. 117). lli« pnrirail 
engniTcd br liolicrt Vaughon in nnir I'X- 
tretnelj ran.-. There aro prints of it at 
Ptmioitb and WvTuutoy. and ibcrc u-na 
•DOllm' fonnerl; in tbe poaaeauun of Jamea 



i 



\Vc«>. It iaakonptodnoed m ibetbirdand 
fourtb e^tieva «f tbe ' Uiatmy,' and b the 
fint t^tioncfPeRBant's 'Tour« in Walai' 
(t*t<l|.i<.l40L AiMtbar Mgraring bj Ver- 
tu« ia BeBtwaed br Gnngvr Kliii^r. But.i 
Viyvm't atmory ia y px aii ad at I4annrci 
br tbe bet tlial in idlO "bm fiaunded a hot- 
pital and endowed a acfaool tben. t>irii)S 
to what was regarded umndiBbaTppnaioc 
on his port, or, aceordiag U> ano4 her nnaw. 
bis MtBecntioD of Roman mbolies, hie Mnhl 
ia beliered to lie under thm wat^rwl of 
lUiaiadr jr Wonnol.thiriD tobepati;<edof all 
bia oAnm (cf. WAmt-UrxTex, Aylm, 

Wjnti nsTTiBd ^diM7, daughter of 
Wiltj«Bi Qeiard 'q. v.], dianc«Uor of 
land. 8be dii^l on 8 June ICSi. and 

buried at Llaanrat. H» her Wmn 

eleTon ton* and tiro dai^kilvtik. Tbe ddatt 
•on, John, died witboui anrviring ione at 
Lurca in 1814jc£ i'txxtST, Tomr* im Waitt. 
ed. iUiv*, til. 3<3>. and Wjtin wae aiiccndfd 
in ibe urMie<(7 br bia neit anrriTing MMu 

SiK IttCHAKB Wrxx (if. 1019),CTeoni ef 
\\m ehambtr to Chark* I white Priuoe of 
Wale*, in which eanadl; Iw accoai{Mii'i*d 
him to !jfiain to lOiiS. An account of tbe 
cxDodition written bjr bim (iv Chartea I wa* 
puNiabed ^ H«une in tbe aane volum- 
■OiMoria Vita! i4 R*^i liinnli II ' 
397-311 ). Ile eubeei}uooily In^mmv 
aurer to Qneen Ilnnncita, I'roin d 
I^Tni^Jonea ho built in 1633 tbe baaati 
(inydir c-hajicl in Llanrwst cfaarcfa,and al« 
in IKieibebridKeoTVT ibeOonwayclowby. 
Hispartrnil br Jansenitprnvrved nl Wvna- 
•tsv. and an vograTioz of it lij BartoWa 
wa^nTva in I'ennanti 'Toiin in Walea' 
and lbelaM«<]ili«n<lS7(i)0if-'rbo Gwrdir 
FamilT.* lie niatrind .Atme, doa^ltr 01 Sr 
Fr«nc'is D'Areie of Iskwortb, hat diedwitb- 
init ixiiie on \9 Jnlr llM9. and waa bvtted 
iu Wimbledon churta, lt«*inc the title and 
<>a1alp lo hii n«il atirviving brotber, Owtn 
(iai-i?-IOOl)>, Ibird b*ron<>l, wboee aao 
Richard, fouiili baronet, died without male 
iaane. The haronatc? tltm paiaed to &t 
John Wyan, whoan father IIomt (Toaniter 
brother of Owen) bad brm judfte of the 
Manhnlaca, atewaid of the Vii^p-, loUeilor- 
gcBcre] toQi*eaanenrielta,eecn:tarTtotb>> 
court of ibe nurcbea, Iirotboootarr <A Notth 
Wal«e,and M.P. for Uerioin*th>iliir«. Jelm, 
ibe liftb baroooi, married tbe iMiiiwa of 
Walhtar, tt«sr Itiiabon, and chained iU 
nam'- into Wynnntar, but died witbout iaaoa 
on 1 1 Jan. 1718- 111 i^in hi« niii«tylirrt TBM|^_ 
n-bfii the berODUivj became extinct. UJH 
td't the W'vnnuaj' estate to bis luikunani Si^H 
Watbin WilUaoaf, who adopted ibe ad& 







Wynn 



«S9 



Wvna 



lionnl Mirnamn of K'jnn, kiul lo oKpanitciT 
notici!d[iuHiWt.vx,SiMWATi(ixWiLLI*»u\ 
Th<t liniiK and cilatv or (iwvdir rcmsuiM, 
boWL'vur, m tlie dc»comlanla of itie fourth 
baronet. Sir Ittuhurd Wpin, wliuwi only 
(Uu^'liter, Sliiry {d. lliSii), m»Ttwi\ til Vi'tmt- 
iniiiat*!-, im 30 July \fi'S. Itobfrl, sixtwnth 
h*ron Willoii^liby il« KmtJiy (allcmard* 
crtatiKi ManfuU «f I.iudMj and Uuke of 
An«a4lcr>, >utd »□ conrryRtl ibo laiUtoB into 
tbat family, in wliicL tUev remained uutil 
IHI-}. wlicH tbo pnrwnt Eurl of Ancjisl^ir 
dupoW of tile vlifrle property. Tbe man- 
sion, fome lieirloonu, and % amall portion of 
lhi> cMaln wer« purctiMed by kis Itinnnan, 
Farl ('arrini^lnii, irho through hid inaChcT 
(the daiiithliir and cohoirnM of tJin twcntr- 
acconii boron Willouithby) ii a direct ife- 
wwndaiit of Sir John Wynii. 

[MoM ef the in«l«riiil» for s ItjijKTWphy of 
WTDti Are lo iv fouci]. ihunKb badjjr uTHng«>l, 
in ibe kit edition of hi« Hilt, of Ui* Gw^ir 
K«iiiily. N <-i Cher til* Sut" Pitp«r*narIho Fhil- 
lipp«3IlS^ (nuirat Oirdiff) wvni, howvrtr. con- 
mlud bj tji« cdHar. Th« Utt«r ccinprito k 
IsTfto rnlli'ctton of lutiars andoUwr pipmmada 
I'V ^'t Thoiiiiu milijipa rtlMiae tut Wynn nod 
hia fumity. indutlinjc Fi-llvn addmanl lo him 
by iiTehbiihap Williiima. Biahcp Pwry of St. 
Mtph.nnd thn EnrU of Salubnn. Loirottor, 
•od Brlilfwiitnr. Sum" ni«moi«Bd» by Wynii, 
tha oonwpondeiiw relating 1« huifiijiate wilb 
Biihop Uor«n, and fonr l«i)«r* wot lo him 
froM OambridKi by John Willineit (aftrnrnnli 
ttnhbiRhnp), ST« priotifl from olbiTmim^in 
Vorkri llnyal Tribn of Wain (ad. 1887, pp. 
I3i-Al). Oihor aotlioricioi Are Bnnnfort l'ro> 
g«««,«d. l8S8,i'p. l3»-47i York.'! KiiyHlTrilwi 

of WalM. *>). I8S;, pp. S-Vi, and I3l-ft4 nL 
tapra: fmnanrs Tour* in Waloi. Iitivlii. ITfil, 
ii. !3;-4i. tM-m : Brcnw'* KAlnndxra ntQwyo' 
•dd: Williiiiiit'k Purl. IIiX. »f Vfnl'-. |>. «9 i 
Uofd'* P'jiry* P.Kiot, iv. afl9-Jt.35T ; Alliboo«'» 
Di«L of Uuplisli Liicmturc p. '.'1177. A* lo thn 
RMicnlw' of Ihc Wynn fimity. *•••■ ulmi Irf'iiy> 
Dwott'tntniiiv Vitii. till nil. ii. 1,18-8 ; VMint'i 
Baioncliu^, i;30. i. 380-111: Uurkc'i rHTUgc. 
undar Wtbh. iJnd'er. WiJloughliv do Rrt'liy, 
ttiid IfdiialcT: IIarli(''» Ktiinci ItKMmiMifa. p. 
MK : NiPliotmi'" C'^iiiity t'liuiillr' of Wiilw, 3ljJ 
odit, pf.. 913. 860. *IS.] D. Lu T. 

WYNN. Sir WATKIN WILLIAMS, 
third bininri ( |il!>i;-17W), who«o oriffinul 
■umnino waH WIlliAini, wa« the grsndMU uf 
SirWillinrnWillinms [a. v.], hHin(i th.i «lde«t 
Min ot Sir William Willinma, thrt xirond 

ibaroaei.ofLbinforda, nnir OsivMiry, by hit 
Bnt wife. Jnntt, daiiahliT iind tolu hrirou 
of Edward Th?Iua.ll i,{ I'lnsyward. nrTar 
Unthin.lV'nbiglutiirv. Tiii* lady, his niollier, 
, vna a )pr«»t-grsad<lnii)(liti'r of Sir John 
j Wynn [l-v.} of (iirjOir, whoeo ktbhiIiou, 



alio namm! Sir .Inhrt Wynn, of Wntdtay 
(whidi hn cbnn^ inla WynnRtay), dio^ 
without iiwuu on 7 Jan. 1719. Ii^nviuit hi* 
mtUM lo hii kinnman. Witthiu WiltiaiDa, 
who iLifrmipoii luauuml llut arms tuid (bo 
oddiTional ciarai> of Wjiiu, and becani? (ha 
rftnl foiinilf r of tbo grnat. liouee of Wynn- 
ilnT. Wynn (nt lia thfiriAfom rami' to b* 
eallrd) wa* born in W9-2. and km rdiiratod 
HI Oxford, wlmn? U'- uirtlrii!ulaii'd of n fellow* 
comcuuiier of Jt-ana CoUi'j(H on IS Uou. 1710. 
and waa cruated D.C.L. on 17 Aug. IJSi 
(Fomia. Alumii 0.ivn.) He wu» mayor ot 
()»wc<lry for 17:;^. and of ChMtw for lJ32i 
be wosaUc] .\1.I'. for DnnbighnhiiV from 1716 
till his di^ulh,Ihuui[hin the i^loction of 1741, 
wliicli wa« ' ou'.' of thi- jr***' eonloita of tho 
county ,' Juhu Mydilcltun ww lint, dis^lart^d 
elacted, but Wynn rejtaiuiKl tlmnwlunptrli- 
tioD. lDl)if>nmt(^ofCoinuiou8,wherohovaa 
regianled a« 'n brnvc op«a hospitable gentle- 
man' (SHul.LKiT,//uf.^^j;?rtH(f.iid. I'd.t, 
ii. 605), ho wa< n fioqueat debater. I le TOlod 
for tha reduction of tbo ■tundintf army - 
in 1731. and a^faiuiil this i-xciaa bill, tho 
Septennial Act in ITftl, and the o>nvL-nliun 
in 1739, Sppakor Onslow referred lo him 
na *s man of srvat note amoni; the most 
difAflcclrd to tbn priuont governmoiit, and 
mueh known upon tlutt w^count/ (nolo to 
Itcaxrr. Hut. uf hit oim Time, od. IBS."), 
iii. ^^:j). ^enl to .Sir John IlyDda Collon 
fq.v.] and Sir Wiitiaiu Wjudham u, v.]. Im 
was probably ilie luosi active and iiiliueniial 
.taconitr in parliaiuent. while owinx> lo his 
lliTgo nttatrn ho wna al thii hnad of all thn 
tory nquiriM of North Waica, whtiro ho waa 
louR known us ' the Onrat Sir Watkiii." Ho 
was one of thf-oripiinl menibora of a Jaco> 
bite club, calbxl till' Cycle, founded at Wnvc* 
haio in }7-i:i(C'iimArim Qwirtfriti Magaxiat, 

^U). In Unmh 1740 hn was ilescribed by 
IjonI Tcmplo oa 'hrarty' in his siippotft of 
till) I're tender, and 'irertainlyiobndoponditd 
npoii ' ( Mahok. Hill, of Kv^land, 2nd *diu 
iii. 43. tf. App. pp. Ixiv and Ujtvi), and, 
logotber with Cotton and Lord Barrymorv, 
lif> appcinn to have rvpeeiedhisasruruiicesof 
support to Lord Traijiiur durini; tbo latter's 
\-i>it til Londnn in tha tiininiiT of 1743 
(HoWKi.i., Statt Triah, vol. xviii. cola. (iM- 
tlM : Ekai.d, Life <(f f linen Vharle* Stuart, 
i. Hll. 

Meanwhile Wyun and bin nsmaatc* Xrml 
no opportunity fiir harasanu the govemmrot 
and jillnekinjsr Walpole intaenouaeuJCom- 
inonn (.M.iiioj(,v<il. iii, App. p. v, cf. pp. 108, 
17i;|: and i-vcn aftiT ihi' forliir atti'mpis to 
impeach Wn1poli>hfld faili^d. Wynn MPon<lpd 
umutiouon 1 Ihx*. 1743 to renew Ibn ia- 

12 




■ 



Wynn 



>«o 



\\ 



ynn 



qiiiry into iIim roodiict if thn fallen milliliter, 
bullW propcnnl wvdcfckind by Urec nuin- 
bfn (^ p. iU ; Canty Mrmoif'sof ll'ilpate, 

1818, IT. Sii). On W Jna- 1715 Wyna 
sapported tlie ntrtiMi for coaiiDuioif ibe 
En^liak traap« in Planden for ibu yeafi 
••jiD^ lUat h« fnti with lb«> cmut fnt tlia 
fint lini^ in bit lift, bin ohjirct probably 
hwBg to wicuR thnr abwnoe from Mafilatid in 
mM ■ Ja«<ibltc ruiiog mn dcddvu upua. 
For thii appMient. incoiuiiitviicj Wvnu waa 
Bitncked in ' An E.tpiMrnlBlory Fjiirtl^ to 
lbs VVtfUh Eiiighl 'jn ibi^ Uie li^vnlution 
in I'ulltios nml Inn ExtraordiniirT Comliict of 
litDt»«lf luiil hit AMoriatFi,' which «u ini- 
ilHdiatV'lv nnimA'd in 'An Apolnf[ir for the 
WbUIi IvniRhi.' Soon oftur 1 rineo Cfaailn 
hud Uncled in Scotland, Wjaa put himMtf 
iti fiioimunii'Htiuu wiiU the bttdiDff cit!mu 
of Iiunddn, nail rvopir^d ifaeir protaiwa of 
iuipporl(1^W4LD, i. .'K*'^; M«iia\, iii.4l.1). A 
lMt«r, writ ton byOharli>> fWim Pre>toa,eon- 
v»<rili^ informal ion of liin entry into EntfUiiil, 
U ■iipp'iircl to hare brMi addniMed to Wynn 
(EWALU, J. -.77: cf. Uut. M88. Comm. SrJ 
Rep. p. 2't'>): but, owing to iha rapid intrchM 
of ilii; hi^blnii'lvrs it wa« uot till two daja 
after their n>tr<>at bad coraniono<'(l th»t a 
newen^r from Wynn and Lonl lUrrTmnm 
•rrivnd at Dorby to a»urc thn priniin '^in thn 
Rampofmany fnimdi thnt tlicy wiTprmdy to 
join in what manner lu-pli-iu*], cither in tho 
capital or ettrr oni? in bla own country' 
I^Ukox, iii. 41'^ : C'[I*mpeb», Uitt. </ lAe 
JUfliflliun, Pop. edit, p. 1117). 

Tbv cotopficily ot Wynn and hia ajmo- 
ciatM in ihn mnttt^r of the rrhfillioii waa 
diacloknl by Uiimy of Broushton in hia 
pvitlencc both aipiiust. Lord Luvat {Slate 
TriaU, loc. dt.l and befon- tliij Beorvl com- 
mittee of iLii- Itoiiee of Conimoij* (Mtiiox, 
iii, 47^, oml App. pp. Iixii M wn.j.nnd ' tbu 
t0ri<« Mnmoil very angry* with t.hn ronrt 
< for lottinff thn nuoM of Sir Wntkin, ftr^ 
•lip out ofalurmy '■ moiitb : ' but the (tovum- 
BRDt ahovrvd no wish for tht^ir iinpe«cfa> 
taeol. 

After till* Wynn took a much l««s activu 
part in polilto, though he wa* vleoted a 
sivirardof the nnnivminry dinnirfor 174<f of 
Ibe Wfntminitcr BWt.w*. lie was a trii'Tcio 
Iindortlioirillof JohiiIIndr.liire(tt!.M)'l7U) 
[il.v.],andiu>»ucbwu»pretunt at tbeopnninj; 
nlthu liadclilfL' Library at Dxfurdon 15 April 
1711'. llediudunlid.Si-pt. 17'iyincoiui<<|nen«! 
of a fall from \\\r h')^- while' rfluniing trom 
fauiitin^', and viix b>iri<>dnn ^Ocl. nt liuubon 
chiirtb, wlinrp n monumcni liy Itynbrark, with 
II I.ntin inivTiplinn hy William King (I6A&- 
liS.tJ 's\. v.l,wa« ftucted lo bin ranmory. .\n 
rli'(ty iohim by lUchord Roll [q. t.] trail piiV 



1900;^ 



'-kenti 




Ii«bed in 171(),andrrprint«d in 'Bj^»4ia 
for AivAj ]i^^- He vaa also ruloipaRl i 
poeis wnttcD in 1751 by the first I^ord V 
T<M, who wM then aclerk in a aolicitur't ( 
at NBntW)Cb(»M CamViail QuarfrrlvMn- 
wiM.ii. 223-5; i:\%ntn.l.,Chii/JuM'lj, 
4 ). Th* publicattOB of an «1«CP in " ~ 
nliM rv«Mdad (AyMfDiM, I6DI 
Tbe only blot on hai nMraary amonir 
men waa tbat be look pari in tbcpi-rsecutii 
of ihr North Walea metbodifita about 174 
and uace cauwd the pioiu Petrr Williaa 
[q.v.] 10 b^ iinpri»oaed in hi« dry-k 
( *VlLU*<<«. HVi/4 Cilriauitic yfrliv 
pp. 47, Alt; Ill-nil)=>, Mfthodutiaftk tynr^' 
I. i4It), flit drath waa n^pudcd by a &w 
as an ad of dirine intrnmitian for ibe pio- 
teclion of tbe percrciuleu. 

NV'yiin was tvrice married. Hia fini wij 
(who died without b»u« on 24 May 1^ 
was Ann, h«irMa of EdwanI ^'ltl];.■hBn, M.I 
for MoRl|[Oi»«ry(liim froan 166tJ till 
dnalh in 17 IS, and owner oflhn (ilanil* 
IJwydiarth, and LlaBgedwin (iat«t«^ ' 
ever rince hi* danghiec's nMiriafe 
formed part of tbe Wynnitay e^'ate. 
•eeond wife, whom h« marrinl on 1(1 Ju 
1746, ' at the rvqu«t of kia Isl^ lady und 
her hand ' ( Otnt. Mas.\ w»> FrancM (4 
IflApril lrt08>,dau^Irtof««iirp>Shal»tl«y 
onitilnicChmhire. Itv brr he had two tonf, 
of whom thn eldmt. Sir Wntkin Williain* 
Wynn (1749-17811). suonvded his Either aa 
fourth baronet. \\r> in liim benms 
(atlier of Sir Watkio WilliaiBt Wvnii, ' 
fifth buroiiH (I772-leiO),ofainrl.VAV»iJia 
Willisran Wvnn [q. v.\ and of Sir lUiaj 
Watkio Wiliinra* Wyiin [q. r.] ^^ 

1'hwr-> arc two portraita M Wynn I^H 
W'ynnclny. one uf ibem beinn by ADl^^ 
Itammy. There i* aaolht^r giortrait of him, 
hv Ha'dion, pt«Mirr«d at P>niaith (T 
iVowf, October 187R. p. 131). There aretli 
Bt \V'ynu»t*y two ring* which, Boconlinit ' 
fiimily tradition, wemgivrn to him hyPria 
Cbarle* iili. p. 145). In a pcclorc at 
miuton Wynn nod tbe fourth Itukc of 1 
fort, iin- n~pn'»i-nted luinspediDgBrecelMtW 
(^Itaityt Mapaziae, 1868). 

[ In addition to anlhoriliaa r't-l. rm A^« 
Rolwrtt'k Wjanilny and the Wynm, Oti 
1876. 4lu. niid hU nlilibO of Wyan'a Hiilar 
theGwydirFaniil*. 0»*«rtry, IS78. Nis 
Oxinty FamQieaof Walia: Bti'ke'BlN 
BariTiirtn^ : Yorka'a Royal Trib« of Wa 
IH8T. pp! Sn. 101.133; Willlaicn'* Patf.^ 
of Watet. p.TU: Walts, Junuary 1806 pi>. IT-3 
OcU-hn 189fi p. 48.1-1 D. It. T. 

WYNN,WILUAM(l710?-17mi.W»H 
poi-t, wna the aou of William Wynn 
Mac* r Neiiadd, near Ttarlech (tbetiir I 



7 aa 





Wynne 



»«t 



Wynne 



plHi'f in \7Vt~ti 111 



Slrrionvlh in 1713 14), by hU focniid rrifct 
MsTKorel, dau^litpr of HojCP.r l.loyd of 
Klingnti. nnd iridow of Mcn.-il,vi!ct Ll<ivd of 
Kliiiraciltitf. Tbvri.' was n sou In' tli0 Cm 
m«msK«, Itoberl, uho i>iicoee<leJ to Mses of 
Ncusda, i»ncl wn» »hpr>tl' Iti IT^W-l. Wil- 
liam vat bam nboiit 1710 ; lio iniitriciiliitiid 
■I Oxford ftam .renin Cnllngn on 14 Marcli 
17-J*!~7, nnO fp-sdiialRd Il.A. on 12 Oil, 
1730. uud M.A. oo ir, Julv 17.m lu 1740 
hr IwcJicue vicar of LIuii Hrvn M>ir. Moiit- 
K'tti'r writtfii froui lliia 
M Lewis Munis [q, v.] Uv 
idir.wf himtolf n diligent ttuJ^nc of WeUh 
nnliijuitiri, but ciiroplnin,' li« hoa nn liiiiiiri' 
forimy thing mvi- 'ictiliblinHWi-Uh »c-nnoii«.' 
In 171"-bi-i-iirliiiii(;r'd Linn Bryn Mnir forlliL- 
rvL'I'.Ty of Mnimfi.iii in the nitiK! county : to 
tliiB W8B «iid"d 111 l7uCl tilt" rectory of 
I.Uii Gviili:iriil, I>tMil'ii!liBLini, anil it w»* 
hniv )in livril henci-forl li iinlll bisiJentli nn 
22 Jnn. 17f}0, Up niarrii'd MnrTlin, dniigh- 
lerofUcnry ItnbiTtt* of liliyd Onncii, nnd 
Inft a son liobcrt, who cntcrvd Jesu* 
CoUege, Oxford, in 17l«J. 

Wynu was iwteeinwl one of Ibi- most 
skilful Wi^Uli [KwiH of Ills time, buT no »epa- 
nt« collf«ti<>n of liis poems bos bevn iwiind. 
Tbt) coUc^linn known u * niodetigerdd 
Cymnt" tl"39) contiiin* n cjvrnl and Mnwi 
linhlcr viTJo of lii» ; Iiis wciglilier jmi-mi 
ap|ieaf«(l iu tli« mmu year in unotlit^r uutlci^- 
tMo, ' Otvwriaol Oaiiiadau jr Owi Hun.' nbicb 
includM seven ofliis piece*. Amonfi; Oihqi is 
tho 'Cywydil' on tin" 1tu<t judg^out, il«ieined 
by soniB critiiu to bo not inferior tA that nf 
(loronwy Ownin on the mrar Mibject. Tbn 
workiof Kici? Jonnn (ISlSjRontnin an elogy 
<m Wyiin. 

IFoKipr's AUnui Oion. ISOO-Ult; Braeao'i 
KiUcndTir* of Qwynnjd : (Viiiilimii Reg. ii. ftll- 
Md. LUi.v.r- IIiNl.Df I'owj>Kiiilu^-.vi.XT5. ilfi; 
iJmwiis VSilbn't t>i. Anph: Tbomiu's llitl.of tbt> 
IMoCMBufSl.Auiph; W )llinm«'« liminonlWclili- 
raen.] J. C. L. 

WYNNE, EDWARD (I7ai-17*4), Uw 
writiT, burn in 1 7-')4, wos eldei^t son of Wil- 
liniD Wjnni". snrji:aiil-(it.-lnw (hnpliswl nl St. 
MarfpiKl'i, Wci'tminstcr.on 7 .liily \K*2, d. 
16 May 17(ir)), wlio tuarrii-d. on 3U S«pt. 
172s. Orace frf. 20 -Vov. 17791, dauahti-r and 
cobeifww of Williuin Brydj^us. sarjesnt-ut- 
law. His grand fa tbi>r, Oweu Wynne, LL.I*., 
waid«n of tbo mint and uiuUr-secn.'tary of 
Katc^ narried Dorolby, daiiabtf r of Francis 
Luttrall of Gray's Inn, and listnr of Nar- 
cissus Lutu«U [(|.V.] 

Wynno tnntncuUti'd from Juatu College, 
Oxford, on 1 1 April 17*i^, nnd woa Cklled lo 
the bar from tbi> Middlr Tl^^l|lle in 1768. 
Narciasus LutlruU puruliaBiid from ibe Earl 




of Sbafii'ibiirj in 1710 tlte pstn[# of Little 
t.'bi-Uca. nnd al bii dratli ii |in»«d lir^t li> 
Ills brother in- law. Si-ijcunt Wynne, and 
tbcn lo Ivlwnid Wynne. Wynni- was a 
man of eilcnBitu rending, botL li^i;ul and 
fl:«DPrHl, nnd an acut>' lawyer, but. lliruufth 
his wealtli, williont tbn ni:i:t^m\y for tloi* 
apjilinition lo his profeMiion. Me died al 
bis hnnir. Little Unrlscn, on 27 Uvk. \lti^, 
and was burird iu thcr uimc ft"*^" ^i'l' '''« 
ffilber iiad uiolber in tbe uorth cloistw, 
Wiisluiinotcr Abbey,ou3 Jan. 1786. Tablet* 
in (be cloistn comiiieniorace graudfatkcr, 
father and motber, nn<l son. 

Wynne was thn author of; 1. 'A Mis- 
cdlanv pontaininit sfvcrul Law Tracts' 
[anon."], 1735. It contuiiied acvva srtidrs, 
tlio lail tno of wbicli were by bis father, 
tbe seeuud of ibeui betni; 'Obu-rvnlions 
toucbinfc tbe AtitiqniiT and Pigniiv of tbu 
negTeoofSi-rii>nni-nl-I.iiw .' One of \Vrune'« 
tracts was ' On the 'IVial nf ilic l^x ;' it wac 
prinI■^d ■■■pamtily in I'pCi, and TvprininiJ in 
thc'Ountleiunn'B.Mn^zine' (17f*r>,i. 127-S). 
2. 'An Analyiiis ol the Law concemins 
Parochial i'ronsious for tbe I'ooc' [anon.;, 
1707. 3. • Eunoiuus ; or Dialogues conwrrn- 
ine 'bi^ Lnw and Constitution of Eiwlaud. 
With nn Kwfty on l>ialo(ru**[a>ion.], 1707. 
4 vols, (proboblyforprivtttreircnlationonly); 
1774 ^anon.], 4 vols., L'tid edit, by Kdward 
Wrnnr. I7!^'>. Later editions ap[>enri.<d at 
Dubliu in I7tt|, and at Lond'.in in IWti and 
IWl. Tb,' flfib edition in 182:.' contained 
notes by W. Jl. Ilyt.hewood and an indeK 
by .Tiihii Winter Jonts. 

The sale by Liiijih Jt Solliitby of Wynne"* 
library. bi-(ju(i on liMuivli I7HC, lasted twolve 
days. It contained the coUeutions of Nar- 
cisnns LuUrvll, including luuriy old IvukIibU 
romances and si/arcti ;iaiTi|ili1el'i, ibe bulk of 
which are now in the Hritish MiisPiiiu, Tbe 
aaclion eslalogne wa» 'wriTlchcdly detJ>ilotI 
lothnpnblic'iniimiS./W/i'oniflHin.rd. 1876, 
pp. 32.T-4). Wynno was umnamed, and all 
his propeptf w«nl to bis brother, Ihu liuv, 
Luttrell Wynne i_d. 18141. 

(Cb«t*r'* W»*tmiint«r AMmy Reg. pp. *fli5-6, 
430,139, 4SS; Atl<>rbury'» MibokII. Works, ir, 
4B0-;t ; Gtnl. Mn^. I"84. i. fi!-4, TT : Lywilis'* 
Knvinina. it. 177, ill. 028; Boaio'i Colloct, 
Corniib. p. 1306.) W. P. C. 

WYNNE, ELLIS (1071-1734), WeUh 
author, only sun of Edward Wyuiie of Liui 
Vnva. ii'-ar Harlech, was boru in 1071. On 
1 Mnn-b KlUl-l' be matricnUlod si Oxford 
(rotll J>'?ns Colle(t(>; ibpn-afler be ti-ttlpd 
(wil.hoLit sradiiatinttlon his little piitrimony. 
Accoriiing to tradition, he practised as a law- 
yer. In 1701 bepublisbediu London' Ubi.-ol 



Wynne 



a6t 



Wynne 



BacbeddSancuidd.'AtniMlatianofTBfloc's 
' ITolj Lilian,' wbicfa he dedicslcd to BuluTp 
HnrDpfanyr. Tb« irorit wluch haa tude him 
f«iBOu«, * (twi?kdiga«th*ii J Budd Cwg^ ' 
('Viu(iniiofili«3lMiiiDg]Wd'j,up««i«d m 
]703(Ijoaik)nL II» bow took cracfs, ia r^ 
NpanM pnbabtf to the •ppw^i of Ukmc who 
IwdbeeniiDprMHdlijUieBbilitTuidtanuM- 
IMM diown ta ' Y Bardd Vwtg' aad id 1705 
hfcaDw rector of Llan Diuvgr, and pnpttnal 
CDrat« or Llan B«dr, botk not br from T.M 
Yn^. Il« tFaii (iditOT nf tli« iwur of tlin 
WcLdi jwrnfM^book vbidi appeucd is 1710 
(London). In Hav 1711 be euiiaii([cd hi* 
UTiii{ Cor Uie reetonr of Llanfatrjmta- Har- 
lech, wbldi he lieu wiUl hia death in July 
17M. He was bnried bNi«*lk tbo allar of 
Uasbir. In September lODt^ he caarriod 
l^am Winno oi .Mool y (iln, who dkd m 
the foIIoWinK Jnljr. On U Feb. 170-.' he 
msnied bis aecond vilCe, Laura Llojrd of 
Bafod Lvjtog. oeftrBedd G«lMt. Shi> d!ml 
Id AugaM ITWi of iWirchUdrvo, William, 
thr: ftxmd, iU0ceed«d hia father ui netor ot 
Llnitfair, and died in 1761, and Kdward, the 
vouniroit, lii*«nin (•(Ttor of IVnmorlii. Ed* 
ward pulilinbn] in 17Mat Kbrewibm^ 'I*rif 
Addym y Criiiion.' wliii'li includi-d a brief 
expoaitionof thoi'burch calt'Cbism audsotue 
li^miu and carols l^' hi» falhtir. 

The Tisions of 'Iiardd Cwig' nnttbrvn—a 
TiaioD of the world, of death, and ofhi-II; 
each i* a pnue tiarrativi!, nllcKoricBl in farm, 
relijtioiiii in tono. The wrilt-r clt-nrlv owed 
mnnhioL'Hdningci'srtTiiionorihtf'^ iBiona' 
of Qucvedu, but uwd the material be drvw 
from thit w)iircu with independence. The 
aatiric; vic-:>iir nod aublimilr of tha pnrtrni- 
tore, the keen knowledgaoi mrn nnd of Ibo 
limiM dixnlaycd^ end the iPtK iitimilable 
atj'Ir, mnlEi' lliu by frenural conienl thi? 
givatRii of Wi'l»li jirose damicA. It wa* 
tnndalod, not vi-rv awurateU, by Gporci- 
BOROW (London, 'im)}: ft nicrn fnithfiil 
T«nion was publitlioil in 1^97 by IL 
OvTiieddoii llftTiea (l.iOndon). The follow- 
iagr >" a lial of tbn rdltlonii of ' Bardd 
Cw»(t:' 1»I, London, 1703; L'nd. Sbrewu- 
btay. nbout, 17J0; »rd, 17J8, 111], 1755, 
6th, I7GK. nil nt Sbri^wsbury : 6th, Car- 
marthen, ITU": Tib. Shrewsbury, 17B8i 
8lh. Sl.MWBl,iirv, 1774; l)(h,Mertbjr, 1806; 
lOiL. Caroinnfinn, li*ll; llth, Doli(*llv, 
lft2S; Ii'th, Cnmarvon, 1S2.5; I.ltb, Llnn- 
rw»t, 182f); lltb, Cnrmnrthrn. I8«i*; 15th, 
Cnmarron, lei'8: I6lh, Cnnniirlhen, 18r.3, 
wilb memoir by 1>. Silvnii Kvfin* ; ITtli, 
Llanidloes, l^iM; tt^tli, Carmarthen, liiUA; 
19ih. LlauidlooH. lt^tt~; :>Oth. Caniinrthen, 
1678; il«t. LivPTOOoJ. 1S8C; ^'ind. I.iver- 
tnol, lf»S; 33rd, Carmarthen, 1^1 ; ^4tli, 






! Xjvrrpoi^. Ififl* ; S5ch, Caraarrun, 1888i 
SBtb, LircTfonl. l^ee : ^ih, Dan^or. 109, 
an exact reprint of the tiait ftdilion, with 
nenoir, aote^ and yloiiaij b; J. Ma 
Jones. 

{Tha intndaetisa to Ib* Baogur eiGtieai 
BmM Cwag ciTre a ftiP MNUAt. l«uad 
exanuDBlioa itf pariih motdK. or«hai la 1 
of EUn Wjaa* and U* family. For the bit 
■laffcy. aw LIvfiTdd'adh y Cynry and 
Ctealn(ua ef tb« WtU> ponioe of 
l*obGe LJbmiy. Other aooTicen are Pa 
Alanai Oton.; B'tin.n Erana's lotrodMtHo ' 
IhaediiioDcf ISS3; Williams*! BmaMatVA^ 
uaa ] J. £ L. 

WTKHK, JoiiN (iee7-iri3>.bWwpor 

St. Anpb and of Uatb and Wdla, the 
•econd eon of John Wynn* of Haen y Coed, 
Ca«rwva, FIiBtabire,w*i botn is thai parnh 
in 1067. til? WW rducatnl at Norlbop 
school and tbm nt Kuihin Kbool, IVabi|[l^ 
ahirv. Oe matriculated from Jesus Oolle 
Oxfonl, on 31 Jlareh 168^. gnduaied 
1665^ became e fellow in that y««r.and] 
ceededil.A.inll{88, D.D.in Iae6.ai>d T 
on £1 Jan. 17<£'B. Ho was appointed 
of Nantglyii in IBHt, and virnr of LI 
(bot]|iBDenhiKhihire)inl70a. lUak 
iheoe prefenneota thmtiuh eoUen* inl)ii._ 
bnt in the IBMnwhile he bad BCf^oIQpani«d t 
KnrI of IVmhroiie abroad aa bis cbaplaui.aBd 
be was. niKiohit return, givt'ii the n-eiotyrf 
Llangelynin in the diooeao of I!ane<<r. and ih» 

frebendofBrpL'antothcdioceiwnri^i.DaTidV 
'roml7U0lo I71J>heheldthel.n(tTMnr^art^ 
profeMorBhip of dirtnily, hotlinjc nilh 11, u 
wna (rnsionary, a canonrr al A\'otcc«Ipt. In 
1713 he ohtain«<d in oild'itiun the roctori flf 
Llondyssil, ('nrdiganshiri'. In jVugiist ' 
being already viM-prindnal, after a 
what bitter party atniaglD he was «l 
principal of Jesus Coll^, Oaiford. hitt 
remained in Oxford biretr ei|tbtG<^ montk^ 
forou H Jau, l~IHobe was tuiininated to 
siiceeed William Fleetwood aa bishop of S^^ 
Asnph : bo wa« can»ecralc<l on 6 tVbL 17I^H 
171», and it so hnppenM] that he was tl^B 
firvtbiihopnppointcdby (irorp.-!. Hispopu- 
laritjr wan not intreawd at Oxford by Irni 
taimn^theprini^ipnUhipof Jrsus aloB^n' 
the biahopne until hii marriaee in 17 
firent exception u-bb tiiken to his * unblv 
inff wtiif propaipindiBin.' llewos aooa»d 
able bcnclnc-tor to the cathodnl chiirvh 1 
the epitcoiifll palace nt. St. Aaaph.andhe* 

iiend.d upwards of BOW. in repairint; t_ 
liiinn(;e orensioned bv the hurricane of IJ let 
1715. He wn«tmnjlnted to th* bisbn 
Bath uTid Wells upon the death of 
Hooper ou 11 Nov. 17^7, and ruW that I 
for Bixteeu vean, briuj; a biahop alto^ber 



PT. UI 

ton«f I 

'^ 

etticidH 
lontkit^ 



bnntwt 



Wynne 



263 



Wynne 






for tlw long ipaco. of twpnlT-ninn vcaw. In 
1 73S he Diin^imed the Sougiiton I'lt&tc in tlie 
imruh ul Nurtliup, and be diuit ttivre 011 
1& Jul;,- 1713. H« will biiritMl in llie ebaiivt 
of Nonliop cliur«b, undi-r a flnl bliit^ nrnrblo 
»lnbbenrin^ his >nn«. llo marriixl, in 1720, 
Annn, dsiisliifT and bi'irrtu of ltol>rrI Vagh 
of Ifcnnftrtli, thi- wri-mtmy bcins jic>rlbiniL>d 
at Lnmbfitli 1'oUpi? by llii- artbbi^up of Oui- 
lerburv. He Itfl two ioiu — John Bnii Sir 
'WilliBtn Wytiiie (172a~181fi),a juilgu oftLe 
■ilniinltr, privy councillor, and muter of 
Trioil; Hall, C»mbridK^ firom Mm till bio 
death—and two dau^tcn, MaT^nh<t {d. 
1833), and Maty (if. 1744), tvbu marrind 
Itttaj Pane, brother to tbu Earl of \Vi»t- 
norluid. 

Wynnf publisluNl sepamtelj four sennona, 
one p'oMcliwi byforo thw Soci<)ty for the Pro- 
agatton of the Goqwl in Febmary 1724-5 ; 
(AOOndiJirfarlind bcfont ihn Sorii'tio* for tlic 
JIvforaiDtinn of Manaota in January 173'MS. 
})ul he if Dulv nimcab«n.tl for bin ' Abnd)ri>- 
liimt of LooWb Elwayon the Human I'n- 
d«ntiindiiiK'(169e, 8vo; 1700, ITSl, 1751'. 
1770), which waaeommHodedbyLoclip him- 
self, a« well M by TIiocom tleame and olber 
vbolara, and wni; tranclntod into Fifnich an<,1 
^toliui. 
Poor oil portrnita of Wynne nm in psit- 
tcnoc, bat nono of tbww npoi-ars to hnVL- 
rer botm eiismvud. One is at Wells I'alni'c, 
aemiid at ima.* CuUegi-, Oxford, a third ai 
DQ^tou, aud a fourth in the poMeMion of 
tli9 d««cc>idaBta of his dnugbier Margor«l 
(B«k.). 

(Fosfcr'i .Uumni Oion. lidtt-ITH: Gent. 
Miig. IH3-. Willuinii'alJu-t. orKininDntWntah- 
Dm, p. 650; Ifmni» Willii'» Snrrny iif 81. 
AauHi, i. Hi~i; Frtemna'a CatliiKlral LUmivn 
ef Well*, XV ; Abbey's Kngliih Cbureh and iti 
ihop*. ITOD-IKIJII; HRp!v'4niil, of JmiukCoI- 
IS99: J!rit, Mu-, 0.t!] T. 8. 

WYNNE. JOHN HUDDLESTONK 

( 17 i;t-l7^J. mi-ic!eltiiue<jii» wriler, born in 
17.|:j, was ibe um liy bis first wife of Edwurd 
Wytini>, an (liHwir in the ciutoios, of WVlsb 
pxtrartion, whn livi'd nt Southnmnlnn. His 
undn, Iticbonl Wyann (1711t l79fl), n-ctnr 
jOf St. AlphaRC, London Wall (!7Cl* 99), 
■uid aftcrwardjiof Ayott8t,Lawn'ncr, liori- 
iferdshire, ima \hv anihor of 'EsiUiyi on 
ueation ' iLoridoti, 17(11, AUt) aud Hvvvrul 
lall manuals of accidence aud ceogrHiihy, 
rides nn nnnot«tod rdirinn of th(< Niiw 
'cMnnumi (London, 1761, 2 vols. fivo). 
John Ku Kent to Kl. I'aiil'i Mbool, and 
looked forward to a libt'ml profi)«iion, but 
ftflirr his luolber's dcHth lit' wus in 17M ap- 

Erentieod bv hiafathrr Ion printer. In I7M 
\s obtained a small appointment in ihr East 



India Company'* aprTicc, bat he rrt.nmed 
from India iul7tSl,audr(ii:umm('iicf'd writing 
for the periodicals of U>e dav, a jmcticf 
which ho had b^un while still n ^intera 
appmnticc. \ bookselleT named WLublo 
entruitod him with tho cdilorsbip of [l)e 
' Litdy'i .MaHnzinu.' tioldsmith is said to 
hart' rticomrai'iided bim to writo a hitlor; 
of Ireland, wLiybduIy appcnri'd in 1772. For 
enmo iTioi\tb» \w edited ibi- MinzTltcvr.'and 
hn wii* i.iiip|.5yi>d IftUt'rl V us a compositor on 
the "(icnfitfll ICvcning' f'oBt," for which he 
alio atipulatcd to contribiiln 'a short article 
of poottT ovcnr day,' u contract wliich ho 
fhsquently purformed undnr trying cirviim- 
aluieea. liis non svulcs that lif was a flvicnt 
speaker ut the Conch makers' Hail and otbi^r 
dsbatinc; societies in defence uf the guiem- 
ment of l^rd North. Th^ same authority 
admits that it wni ' impossible for a man of 
bis artk'nt imoffinatioa to avoid on every 
occusion jucrilicmK too freely at the shrina 
of Bact'hus.' On one of tliMc ocouiona he 
was run over by a hu4.'ku!.'vcarria^',aud was 
lame fur ibe rt-mainiu^ ii'o yeitrs of his lifd. 
Some of ihc ecceiilriciliea which be de- 
Tnlnpod am said ta have beeti due to three 
promian* hi' mode to hi* mother on li«r 
denthbed — lliat he Would ' slmn horsaf, aiut 
neviT no into a bout or a belfry.' He ii*A, 
in 81, Lturthulomew's Iloipitat on 'i l^c. 
17S8i he WHS survived but a few days by 
his wifp, whom ha married in 1770, and by 
whom ho loft thres childr«i] wholly unpro- 
vided for. 

Wynne's numeroua writing* for thn book> 
BellufB include; 1. 'A Ucncral Hinlory of 
the British Empire in America," London, 
1770. 2 vol«. rivu. The second volume deaU 
"iclusiviily wiih the French war (I73ft'fi3), 
lo^ethir with some account of the Wnt 
Indiu. tlis own historicnl judgment M«1M 
sound, but a> a compilation tho work if con- 
leoiptiblo (cf. Monthly Iln: 1771. ii. SCT, 
43:;). 1'. -The rroaUlute: • Foem." 1771, 
4to. 3. ' Gonentl HittoiY of Ireland from 
the Earliest Aucouuta to tli« Deatb of Iviiig 
Witliam 111,' 1772, S vols. 8vo; also 1773 
nnd 1774. A very tlond dcdicntinn it ftd- 
drcMod \a thn nuke of N'orlhiinibiTbuid, 
The vurh is of smell value; (cf. Ut. 1773, 
i. 48!)). ■(, ' Choico Emblems . . . wriitcn 
for the Amusement of Lord Ncwbnttlfc' 

1772, Ijino (inoludinu ■ Greot Allowance for 
lh« Govorneasei of Youuff Ladies' Boarding 
Schools '). G. 'The Four Seasonal ■ Posn/ 

1773, 4to. Four cantos inspirad apparently 
br a dcaint to mc Thornton in rfayme ; bat 
Wynno's own rhTmos atv rwy bnd. 8. ' Eve- 
lina: a I'oem,' 177^. 4to. Otodicated to Sir 
Thomas Wyun, hurt. ; the obaract«n la- 




Wj-nne 



>64 



Wynne 



ctade Caruloe ( Evpluu't £klli«PLQwea Cu^ 
fumandna, ■!»! Xisttigrnt, 7. 'Vtkfm of 
Flown* tor iW Ftoal* Su, witb Z^jna 
Mud Pan: •Mma,' 1773, ISso. a 'The 
CbiM of Cbvtec; orUicAdTCatiiraatBuiT 
1Uj»td;\T»a. 2 vol*. Sto. 9. 'TklM Ibr 
Yootti la Thinr PoraM, bj tlw Aailiar 
of ••Clioic-^ EmUaBi"' (wilb woodevts by 
Bewick), I'M. l2no (wT«nl cdiUaiw). 

[Sickola'a Ut. Aneokte^ i. KI (■ nailU 
WBWBTf byWjMie'* ■«•): GcM. lU^g. l>S8,n. 
1139; esropau Mag. Sapualxr IWH: Tim- 
•Mla;'sC>rlafMdM.p.TM; HaIlMRudUu(> 
IKm. MT JjMajBwaa •ad ftrwIoB^Baai LU. fp. 
ITS, 1133: B<aa>'> RnmMOif IdTing AnUtaob 
1T7*-M,p. «M; DIbfiB*! UbtW7 CM(Mi<M. 
&.«;•; Lan<l«'«Bit>L)IiiBnl.jLMM; Ml. 
Mm. Cu. In OmUn'a Wwatwifciw 
W«iihMi tb AMbor if alwBrdl; «>u<d M hM« 
bwB Ih* aaa «f John Ttna* [q. t.1, bUbsf tf 
SLAsub. FvBicluuil W7na^MiOM.M4. 
|;M^ iu «» ; Orad. Cantabr.; Hfwwj'i So- 
*■■ BapntMum EwlariMt. iip. Ix, 87-] T. S. 



WTHHE, WARBRN RtCHARD 
001-VIX (l*W^I«rni,c«pUin,roj«l*iM- 
naM*. bIcUm rairiiiD^ mr of Capuia Jou 
Wjiine,ra;al bofM aniIUrT,nf w>mBe«aj, 
CO. DnUin, bv Ammd, cUujititer of Admml 
Sr Samuel ft'wrm 'q. v.], was bora on 
9 April lb4:i. After pauin^ (hroofcb Um 
Rojal MQilarj Aeadeeayal Wuolwieh 1m 
raCMTtd k eoouDiaiMn •• li«nt«rnai)t in Um 
iofaI«iigiaMr»«nSSJs»al>*^. HaMtrrtx! 
ftt various boo* MMioa*, and tbcn foir five 
jean at Uibralior, wbrn be acted ai adja- 
ttttt of hU corpa. fie wa« ■ppeuted to 
the ordatnee snmr ia tbe boae eovacica 
on Ua KUUB to fe^'nij ai tlw and of 
1S7I. Hnwu proBMcd to ba euiUia on 
3 Feb. 1875. 

Un S Dec 1B78 he catharitei! in conaiand 
of the 2»d field RNopaaT of tlie roval vo^* 
Men Ifar Kaul, and on' atrival at Durliiiii 
niarah«d to join tbe Cnt ooliuaa a« coni- 
nandiiif tojil ragimm ■aderCaloiwI (afti^r- 
wardi Sir) Chu-Im Knight PaaniAn at the 
mouth of the TajTela rinr, to talis pari ia 
the Zulu war. The rirer vraa croucd on 
13 Jan. 1879, and in the pnueacr of the 
laumj WjnuM with hi« comgna^ of tOTml 
vnjniiMn, •Mut«d b^ (h^ liiw, laid out and 
buUt Fon Teiwdoa as the laft baak of dw 
Lover Tupda, which wa* coaiplatod on xb» 
17th. Ue wat in command ol the riftht in 
tbe action on the Inroane rirer oc L'l' Jan., 
whn« hit MrapBOT wm« enplojeil %s light 
infaatiT, aad on arriiat at Ekowe Wjriuie 
dmi^nM and baili the fort tb«r«. 

On 38 Jan. Lord dwfaasfotd'a tnnoancft- 
tamt that he wae Ibrced, <m) acmont of tbe 
IfandUwain difUler, to ntin to tbe fron- 



tier w«> iMahed, wUk toll divxalJiM te 
I^aoB loWdku pneition or Rtint talla 
Tocek. Aai^oritj-if acomcOaf ww«M 
m Ettoar of iMnai, when Wymae> no- 
tkttiaglhatretTOiwoald lir haianlnai. mi 
ito ami afect at nch a janccna mm 
■nm£dal, ia cc— d ed with Uw awii a ii m 
Cbfaaal Walktr and Cbftain U. G. M^ 
Gnpria —■■■■■■n a iieea«rai U rcaaatf 
EkowB. 

Tb« cnaatmctieB of tk ton waa f» 
ceodid wiik Ob 1 March Wj«m wm m»- 
ia a fsecaarfol rniie to JaetiM a 
kn>I,aBd eoonaanded tfaa right walr 
ttt the column on it* (Mom in aa aagaf^ 
ment with tbe tawmj, liic eonpaaj «|piB 
•ding aa light taCinirjr. Besmcd n at 
Ekowo. aad iuhUh to gtX nutaet» tfaoofb 
to Uird CMaaKiid, hdtosn^ tignh bm 
the Tn^U WTN obeemtl on tLe bllowi^ 
da*, and W'jtMr at oaea eonatraciod a Inn 
Ngnalling •oeea to npl j, and made a fadr 
loon to cacTj a men^e. Ue wa* indebt^ 
gabto in lating dowa raagM. rcpaihas *r- 
pioaehre, or caiii^ dowa ouab, alwaji i*- 
aoutoafitl and dM*mI,aa]Diw the heat of 
Ihiii mmni ar baail. ■nilti hit diill aodexr^ 
lion* tbe aoptewfol defcnca wu cnatly due. 
Pmimo. to hi« dtapaidi (Xowdba OaaMt. 
19 Umj luTd), expnneed hie high ofitaoa of 
Wvaae'^ s«rf icve. 

On 13 March be wm atmck down with 
(errr, the teeult of overwork. On tbe ttii-i 
of Kkowa be wa* moTcd ia a cart to the 
Tu«eta rirer, where be died on D April 
16i9, and waa baried tn the faitbdda cm me 
lerj overlooking the river and FortTcnedo*. 
Tii* nauM m oommemoraied by hi* eocpaia 
Itodieeter Cethndral. 

Wynae married Rnit, in ISTS, Eiraattt 
(d. 1873), third dauabicr of J. P. Turbeu 
Owenotown. oo. Dnelio ; and ■rcnndlf , 
1870, LucT, eldeel daughter of C^pt 
AlAvd Pari->Ii, bv whom Die had three ehd- 
dren, wbo with tbeir atolhee' survived him. 

^Boyal Eat ia ienT Beco«da ; Dmflehm: Jb- 
woireMDierfia tbeBojrel BapaMM'ioniaaL 
ISTV.wHhpluu of Fart* Taaadoi end Kkfwm 
aad iba aiiioo ft lajMiia*; London l^ma 
obkaan aeike, SI iUr ISTV : pdralc Maiw*.! 

R. H V 

WYNNE, WILLIAM WATKtX ED- 
WAliU ^loOI-18a^), aotiinierr, w»» I , 
eldest HM of William Wynne eJ' Pe&Urth, 
Merionetlwliire. and Elitabctli, youngert 
daughter and coheirem of Philip I*uI<aton 
Pickbill Ifall, Denbighehir*'. Wbet* he 
bom on S3 Dec 18(». Tbe Wynnee 
lineaJ] V dc •ccaded from Chtborn LQ-r.!, 
Wjddel (or ' the Irichman "), and ttuor i 
lepreeeotatiro* tn the prcecnt day are the 



:ei^H 




Wynne 



76s 



Wynter 



Wvones of I'vniartli [cf. art. Virss, Sib 
Joiisc}. 

WjrntiA ITM Hilmilf^ In Wi^Mioinbter 

•chool on :iT S«|>I. XfXi, ami mntriciiUW 

'bom Jcituii Colli'Ku, Oxford, on ^4 Mnroli 

I8i0 (FOSTEK. Alu,n«i0.r<m.) lie wu M.I'. 

for MeriunHtli from ItUU tu 1HB5, and lugh 
»Lenff in 1»07. 

In IMU ihc I[eog;«Tt collvclioii ofmaau- 
Acripta, wliirh had been nneioallv formed by 
^Jlobcrt VaucliBU (16it2-l(iiJ7) [<x'.v.], wn« be- 
lUMtlu'd to U'v-iin? bT hi* dutnnl kiiiiman 
Sir Kobrrl Willinm™ \'Bii(rl)nn of .Vnnoati 
on Ills dLMiib without isiuc. It wns tb^rr- 
u|)on tvmuicd Iti Prtiiartlj. n'bt'ru il in nuw 
Morved, anil in Ii4i(;i-7| Wynne publiabed 
ihn ' Arcliwologift CHrubivri*i»' (Srd wr. 
vol. XV. nnd Jth tvt. voU. t. nnd ii.) a caie- 
logue of its nnntiMili whlcb ' in itmplitndn 
ofdeicription niiiv bi; nlmiut cliuuii'd ntnonf[ 
caialv^un rauonnfa.' Hi'vidcii contiiininB 
an e&rlv veniou of the ' Catitrrbun- Tului 
(pilblisWt in 18(18 by liic Cbaimer'Soci.'ly) 
and iKinin Cr>rnisb inyMon' pUya, the collec- 
tion t* URniinntlrd in its vr«alt)i of strly 
Widnh miiauji-riiitj, wbir.h iiipludo nnmi-nin'ii 
roediiFial mnintici-s (toini! of tlmm piibliibfJ 
ill Rutieri Willintiu's ' Kclrcliuiui frmn II ro- 
gwrt MSS.,'2vol*. Londdii, 1870 yji, two 
of ihp ' I-'nur Ancient Boukd •>( \\'aleB ' 
/edited by W. V. Skene in ISfiSl, nn<l no 
fewer thnn twclvo vi^niona of [.lii> low» of 
HowpI IJdn. Thn cnlluRlion hrm rpwnfly 
been uilenduriMl by Mr. Uwi'tio^iVTyii Kcmiii 
f'lr tbe Ilialorirul Mnnusmpln C'oianii«>ion 
iJifporl im Mas. in the it'ttrA Language, 
Viw, vol. ii.) Wliile bi* insniiBcripts were 
JMlauRly ([1lnrd(^d ngningt vwry fiotiMbility uf 
damage, tbnir nafuunuor ^nsel to nil gnnuine 
ocbolon I'Vfry (nrility for ibnir innpi-ct ion nnd 
rejirod notion, Hu n-nii bim»olf tbonmably 
vened in ibeir contents: bin knowb^t(e of 
itie geaealuffv of North Wales fnmilieH woa 
quite allrinllec], vhile in p-nernl urchn^o- 
logy aad wpeciftlly ecclMJology bi« informa- 
tion WM both nxInnMvn nnd nr^cnrnce. He 
fixed ibc date of thn ' extent ' of Mirrioncih 
for Sir Henry Ellis'* odilicm of the ' Itocord 
of Carniirvou ' in 183?t |ititrodiiction, p. Kx), 
and hiia»elf mad^i lar|;o oollevtiona for a hia* 
totyof Merionnthabire whii-h are j>re««rved 
at I'miarlh. He viipplied ^'nMlocival DOtes 
of the firit iinporlanRn to Sir Sannial Jt, 
M<:yrick'B(iditian of Uvrnn'* ' f IiTtatdii? V'iaita- 
tionorWaIea'(lB«),forBrwae'»*Kolendnni 
of Owyu«Id' nS73>. and for the ' Hi.itorv of 
the Owvdir Family,' edited bv Ankew Ito- 
bertaio 1^78. Numerous conlribuliuns from 
his Hn aUn nppettr^I in the ' Ari.'li«Mlo);iu 
CamDrenn* ' (mw tndrjr for l&tt>-83), com- 
mcnciufcwitba'Lialof iboLorda Lieiitenont 



k 



of Merianethshirc ' in the tintniuobArof Um 

f'aumal (lt^0>, luid ending with abitKnyot 
lis own parish of Llaoe^yn in 1S70. Iln 
alio wrote frequeiitty for * Ityo^Umuv,' in 
which vcimn arcDEeological notM of hii i^i- 
Ungi to Merioneth went published in l8Wi-6 

(aeu Bv^Oonei, 'ii Mny l»tl&). 

lu \\i''i he ]>^l^pD^eil fur private cin^ula- 
liou a ' Pudigree of iba Family of Wynno' 
(Loiidoo), and, in cwiiunctioo with (i. T. 
Clark, publi filed in |s,8aamall hmtory of 
ilarlncb Cnolln, of whieh in 1874 tht: crown 
had pppoinied him cnniitnble. 

lie died at IVniiirth on 1' June 188(1. and 
was buried ttl l-lanL-jtryri. On 8 May ISSS 
lie married Mary, net'nnd dnujjbli'r and co- 
heiress of Itoberl Attliouly Slaney, M.P., of 
Walford Manor, Sliri.i|i*bir^ und by hi'r hod 
two aons; Mr. Williiini R. M. Wynne of 
IVniartli, who i« the pr'w^nt lord lieutenant 
of Merioneth, nnd .Mr. Uwnn Sloney Wynne 
ofUoIVhyd, DolRellj. 

iPttdignw of Fntnily uf Wyan> ; Areh. Cambr, 
Sil), ■tth tit. It, 221* (TJth portroit); Bye- 
Oont* (br June ISND; Timoi, II Jono 18H0: 
HirhalaaV Cmi'iiy Faiiiitie* of Wal«*, 2nd ad. 
ii. S53, 712: Burke's Lamlwl Ovntrjr, auti nom. 
■ WjTiiHof reDiaith;' WillJamsi Pari lamon lory 
nlitory of WaW. p. I IS : Report of Wvl.h Und 
CummUioD. ISSB, v. 162; Old Wclali Cliiid, p. 
331] D.LL.T. 

WYNNYFFK, THOMAS (ICTUieM), 
biibop of Lincoln. [8b» Wissiffb.] 

WYNTER, AXDRnW (181Mfi76), 
phyNiciHii nnd nntbor, tliii wm of Andrnw 
WynC^r, wu horn nt Itrinlol in I8IB. Ha 
atndiisl medicine in London at St. OeorKe's 
IlonpitiJ, and Kradiuted M.U. at the uui- 
veraity of St. Andrew* in iHflS. In lle- 
ceinber IWU be succeeded (Sir) John Row 
CurmBok \i\. i .] as editor of tlio ' Aaiocistion 
Medical Joiirnal,' which he continnsd to 
edit until ihn cnnclnxion of I8fl0, Ihn titlo 
bninfT chnn^ed nl the be);inninK of It^iS to 
thn ■ llritidi Mimical Journal.' In ItXU he 
iMT-nmo a member of the Koyol College of 
I*hv>ieiMu of London. 

Wynter devoted twpecial altenliou to the 
treatintint of the iuaane, and held ktronc 
views of tbf> impnrtnncvi of the abannca of 
restraint. Ilin views were fully nxpmim'd 
in *Tha liordnrlandu of In.innily, ancl oibcr 
nlliifd papers,' which appeared in I0"'> ( Lon- 
don, 8vo) A new edition, with addiliuna 
by Joseph Mortimer Granville, was published 
in 1H77. He al»a wrote miirb on gijiieral 
topics; waa s contributor to ' Once a W'eek' 
from ita comntfmcnmnnt in IMit; and fiii^ 
nished sevetnl rrsasn on medical and uncial 
subjoctA to tho ' Eifinburgh Review ' and tho 



Wynter 



«66 



Wyntoun 



» 



Ctotnvt Lodfr*, Grovo Itu-k. Chidriek, oo ' 
13 Umj 1^76, nad wu bun»d at Btoimpuu 
cemetery on IH M&v. , 

Beside* the worlc alnM^y mentioned he 
tras tke auibor of: 1. 'Odds and Endafrom I 
■B Old Dmwot,' T,ondon luid Xnir Yori, 
I8fi6, 8*0. 2. ' l^iMun'* of Town from 
m; Mcolal Ciunt^n,' Ijondan, ItMifi^ 8to. 
3. 'CuiiciMluwof<.'tviIu(utiun,'La«idoa,1^0V, ' 
8vo. J. ' Our Social Be«a ; or, PictUM* of 
Town Hnd Cuanlrir l>iK%' London, 8ro ; let 
Mr. l^Jl.^DdMr. ISrte. 0. ' Subtle Dniut 
and LisMta I'lngi-re,' iMndaa, l»*fi3, Sto; 
new edition by Andrew StrJnmptt, [.lOiulan, 
1877, 8w>. 6. ' Curinaitics of Toll,' [.oiidon, 
1870^ 2 ToU. 8to. 7. *l*i*pii into tlie 
Hamiin Uive,* London, 1874, 2 vol*. *^to. 
H. 'Fruit betwecQ itu LwtTM,' London, 
IWr., ■JToU.Sva. 

[Mediotl TimM, :>0 Jtn; IHTS: Alliliono'* 
Diet, or Ki'ul. Lit, ; M«n nf Dia TJino. tSiA, 
TJBM, IT Unr 1«;6; UediciU KaKiatn-.l 

E.LC. 

WYNTER, Sir WILLIAM (d. 1S89), 
ediuiral. jStfu AVis7BR.] 

WYNTOUS. AXDHEW of (1350?- 
li'JOy), Soottinh liistofiun, was a vawia rv- ' 
(^lurofSl. Au(tn>w», and wa* '■liwl^d, as li? 
BMxlt^-ll* wyf, liT fnvfuirof hiji brntliivn and 
not for his own nifritB, prior of .St. Snrf* 
Incli in Loch Ij^vuii, ndp[»Mid«nt Iiohm? of the 
priory of St. Anilrnwj. In St. Serf'* priorj 
Wyiitnun probnbly wrotif his cLiroiiioln). 
Tbo fi^rw fari> we know of hit lifi? are lu he 
Ciiind in bis own iu«lrica1 cbrouicio of tlie 
histury of Scotland, w!iic!> tie called 'The I 
Urvginale,' becaiiwi It cntnmcncM with tlin I 
bi^irining of ill'' n-nrlil. It conclndu with ' 
thnncoi'Hi'innf Jnmiiiil of Scatlond in 1 406, j 
but it npppan fr^ni n iRUWi|;e in boolc ix. 
eh. xsri. L 100, ibnl llio author lived till ' 
after the death of ih» re^'euc Kobert, duke 
of Albany, on SSwpt, 14^. Hf tirobably 
Jied aboiii 1432 (PrsnjLii, Hr^rtM King; 
p. 187j. A" li" wn« an old man wlinn ho 
wroift 111* clir(imo!i', it hii* brun oonjivt iiroil 
that hi» was born nbimt, and jtrobnbly bitforp, 
1S60. Hi* oiimi! iippi^rs in ipvcrnl ilocu* 
monlii in ibe ri'giniiT of tin? priory of St. 
AniJnrws butwccu ISOir and 1411 wbich to 
far cuiifinu llii* (oojecture, for he is not 
likely to hav" hei-n niade prior of to impor- 
tant a hoiuio iw SI. SprfV till hn bad nt- 
I tninad iBiddln af'\ ThnSR docdTDenlii prove 

I WynloMn to havn bcMin •tronuouii dcfimdor 

^^B of the riirhli of thL' nriory, and cnuiiit of a 
^^P perambaLatiuo of tue Mundarirs of the 
^^r banuiiat of KirknetM and Loi-hon- iu 1S95, 
f luid a pioceas at hi* inalaniv ugaiuit William 

L. 




de Berkley, lord of Colloimpy, for th> 
Annual rirnl of the Uod> of lloIgjn« ia thi 
court uf Walter THil [q.r.l, ai^hbhopar 
81. AiMlrawii, which Uated^ from 1100 ti 
141K It lia* bnn eonjectured that ha ww 
eoiin«rtcd with AUd i>f Wyalixm. vhaat 
nuLrria^ to the young lady of Selan ut i*- 
ferrod to by him (bk. Tiii. rh. sli. 1. fi), to 
he doc* not bimw-K claitn r^InliofMhip, aiul 
only tell* us that Andrew of Wyntoun wi» 
hi* b^tiunjJ name. It was at tbo requeit 
of hi* patron. Sir John of Wetnyas, oa tiw 
e*K coa«t of Fife, that Wyntuun wrote h» 
dmiticle, one (nf the brat manuacripU of 
which i* *til) pre^rrred in the library of 
WeniVMf'iull'',DUllui> not yet beea printed. 
The line* in bk. ix. dup. xivi. — 

!ia fTftana ytn be (i.e. Bobcst III] bcU that 

sUtn 
And in the lexlwj ysra bo 




hare been undentiwd lo nie«n thai W 
loun wrote IB the sixteenth Te«rof hobni 
(1406). a« that hio^aun-ived his tifteci 

Cr, anil it has bwi fuither inf^n^d t 
mviatd it and added the tw«nly-ee' 
chapter after 14S4, at 1m meBtiou 
marriofce of John of BaToria, biib^ 
Li^, who was iScpwed from his aee by the 
council of Cou^laiicp, and in believed in 
have married in 1431. Bui theae inference* 
are baaed npou lines wbioh look 
a dale lir no ninatui cvrlain (' 
nnle ii> tbp la)t liai! of the Chroni^'' 
thn dale of John of lUistia* inani*C|0- 

\\'i[b Wyiiioun's cbmaide SeottiA hi! 
tuTy made a good btiginning. Its Ried 
me'nls uri- that at tn early n dale it wa» 
written in the Teroacular and not in Lai. 
and that wh^n hi* ci>mnt in his «ixlb 
tn th» hlMory of Scotland and the leagB 
MalcolmCanmore and down tothecloMof 
work bo relotea it in plain and aimpb 
u^cordbs to ibe beat autboritlca at 
command. He knows the importoiMX 
chronoloj^', anil is, for the age tn which 
wriit>', ain^dorly accurate as to date«. 
furlii-r bnok* am of leM value, except 
showing thv cnnceMion of universal biUi 
by n Scottiih mcmk of the liflaentb cnni 
It may be claimed (or him and his 
tcmpuniry John of Fordun that ihcy war* 
lh<.' lathersof true ^>cotliah liiilorr, which h^ 
oauie miicli corrupted by subMqueui writer*, 
especially by Boeco aad Buchanan. ITn 
cliTonicle hmf hron mlited by David Mac- 
pbertoB, by tvhiim it was publtsbed for th> 
krtt timf in 1795 from the nutnuseript ia lb* 
Uoynl l.ibran*, and by D»vid Ijung farib 
'Sides of Scottish UiHloiiaiu ' (EMukonilca 
and I>ouj;tiui, 1872; rstervoa, Kdinhnisk 




Wynyard 



I 1879). Lftinfc hnd ocgcm to Itic Wemvis 

I uunuKripl befoiv he cunipkttid Lis wlitioD, 

' but did not malip tnui^k uh« of il ; it is 

aboui lo W publtshiMl by ibe Scotti«li Tmt 

jl Society. Th*wliro manuscripm nnj nmariK 

thr oarlicf't »pvrimcn« of a viMTiftPulnr !*<ot« 

book rxtnnt., ihoiigli it tniul be obnptvcd 

thut Wyntoiin tnlli the dialncl in which he 

;; wrote ' YnnliaSawe' (rruloguu. I. SO). Il 

i« ill fact nurlhi^m Engtiah, uiiJ \iaa vliil/>- 

locicalcBlueatehowiiigth^cloMrMeiiiblanre 

nfrliAi dialect to the language nmd between 

1 thn Twmxl and thp Tay in ihc rarly part, 

nf the fiftoenth cctitiin;. 

[ICf^ter cT ihs Prior; cf Si. Aadnwa «ii(] 
the aditioiw of Wyntoun'* Chroniclo bofori- ro- 
t*md to. Ltiajt in hit prfhcv giti* aa accoanl 
of the itiaiiiuicripM. wlii<:h hna tNi«a mppla- 
mcntol aad farrccicl tiy Mr. W. A. Craigio, 
Scottish Boriow, Jalj Ibb;. Anglia, IHSH. vol. 
viil., «ber* fit-iml iiawtion* whirti e»nnut )iii 
iti»:s*-ti1 licr* «rs ably RiDni'lrred J .K. 31. 

WTNYARD.ROHKRTTIF-XKY ( 180-2 
l"^*!!!), iiinjor-gi'ueral| burn on -4 Dpjt. ISO'.?, 
ivna tint voiingiT tMin of I.ipTititnnill-gnn-'rnl 
1 WillLara'Wvnynrd (I7fi!t 1S19|. oolonrl of 
the '"rth rcBin»'n't equerry to l!eor|[c( III, 
ami deputy adjulBiit-t;i-iiemI, hv his wife 
Jau>.-, (taughldr of J. Gludwm of lluhhiu in 
Noltiucbaoialuiv. no receiveil an riiiiigucy 
in the Mth fool on V>>'i Fob. 18in, was pro- 
moted lieutenant on IR July lt^:l, and 
obfainrd a company on 'JO May l><Sfi. IM 
S5 Jult- 1^1 ho attiiini'd tho mnk of major, 
uid on 30 Uep. !»!:; that of liuuieunnt- 
colond. In l^l>i he wan denpatthed tu New 
Z«*taDd Ui lakt- diitI in tbo Maori war. He 
srrlTed ai Auolilninl in Ociober wirh two 
bnndrnd nicn nf lh>; -M^lh r>')irimi>nr> and pn> 
Otwdcd up I III" Kuwa Knw.irivrr in f)flri"nil»'T 
in tomnumdof the adrancrd diviiioa. Ili> 
took part in the aurprlM! of Kawiti'ii itronj;- 
hoM, Ruapvknpeke, on Sunday, 11 Jan. 
Ift44, whiltf Ihe inirriEKin w-r« fUfjaged in 
divine e*n'ice. Ho left New 7,va\ua<i in 
Jannary 1KI7, hut in .Innuarj' Itt'il was 
appoinl<id (n cimmnnd iIk' foreiia in ihe 
colony; and on the death of M.ijrir-jTfinprnl 
Oeorire Uran I'ilt in April, he wa« apjioinloii 
lirutenanl'ftoreruor Of New I'Uter, onu of 
llie tw<i provinMs into which New Zealand 
vraa dicided. His If rin of oAice cvdited iu 
January 1>>03 or ihf diTision of the colony 
into eix sniallvr proTincn*, and on retiriu^ 
bo received ihe (hanks of thp eocemor. Sir 
Cieorj^R Qrey. nod thr- eolonia! oilier. In the 
wame ye.ir he WB> elcfrltKl first ■itperiiitcndcnt 
nflhe pnivitice uf Aticlftnnd, a pout which 
III? re'ijT'i'^d softii after be became govenior, 
and on SO June 1801 h<i wa« pruiiiOt«d to 
tbc ranlf of colonel. 



aSf 



W'ynyard 



In January 1854 Sir Oeoffje Grey left 
Now Zealand, and Ihe government oV ihe 
colony deyoWeil on Wynysnl ah tttmot 
military officer. Th? time wan critical- A 
nnw Conatitntioa Act imlitulins; a ayalem 
of parliamMitary fiovcrnnictit had been r«* 
ceii-ed in February 1W3, and Oroy had 
alratdy called the provincial counciU into 
exiirlence, but Wyuyard liad tlie taak of 
dealitiK with the colonial ast^mbly; bo 
npeiioiT it on 7 May 1854 with a rpeoch, 
nhicli wai pnibeblv compoxMl Ibr him by 
Kdward Gibbon ■\\'nlicfiol<l [i|. v.] Wtki>- 
field tiad recently arrived ia tliu culuny. Bod 
Wynyard, realiiiiug his need of an adviaec 
wlulu discharging duties to which ha VM 
uiiacctislomed in clreuuistatices so iiDUauali 
relind chiefly on his counwle. The omeinUy, 
immedialply afler its coni'ocalion.carriod an 
addraiu to Wynyard, rciucaiine him to in>j 
auftnraicRiyitcmof([Dvummeiiibyinini«ten] 
rexponnihlc to theelu<:tontc,anaTranKiimi;i)B 
fur which there waa no provision in lue EOTf 
couatitutiou, hut nhich had recuallr bes« 
introduced iulu Cauada. Wyayaru, with 
the approval of WilliaiD Swainson (1H)9- 
lSfl,t) [ii. V.]. the at.tomoT^imanl, com]>ro. 
miard tJie matter by addinj; adveral mem- 
ber* of thn aatctahly, including Ueury Sewelt 
fq. T.j and (Sir) Frederick Aloyiiius WL>ld 
[4. V.^ to the exe<.'utive council. Not Utis- 
fieilmth this arrangement, the new nomineaa 
proceeded to deTiiaud the n'^ignation of 
tnvrral mem ben of t hi' council, includinE tiio 
Irmaaurcr and the aTlnmey-jrcinoral. Wyn- 
yard, howctver, did not consider that hi* 
tetnpornry authority entitled hiin lo replacs 
crown ollicinls by persuus ra»pou»iblH lo iho 
asseiubly wiihuut the sanction of the colonial 
necrvlary, and revised thi» IW»b demand. 
The iww incDibers of the executive rouiieil 
eudeavourod tocoercaliimfay tendcriuRtheir 
reaignatinna, but he retnained linn and 
allowed ihem lo retire. In spite of an ai- 
lempt to cut offaupplieK. and a stormy eoeiift 
in the house uf atn'inblr. Wynyard main- 
laiued the '.'riginul comproniiM until tli* 
colonial secretary slgnifird his approsnl of 
the introduclion of conBlilulionnf govrm- 
nipnt, On 15 April 1W5 the roval atsrnl 
wa» f[ivra to an ant eitablishing 'lie syittmi. 
In September ISBIi Colonel Thomas Gore 
Browni' Buumcd the office uf pivenior of 
New Zealand, andou^JH Ocl. 185iS Wynyard 
attained the rank uf major-^'iriicrn!. In 
Fobrunty 1H)9 he vu seUcI«d l'< command 
the troops in Cap« CMoBV, and between 
Angnst )8O0 and Jnly 1660 he tilled thu 
post od'ffovoRior-in.chief and hiRh eomiuia- 
■ionor aurins the ahiecee of Sir Oeorgs 
Grey in Englnnd. Thia oflie* derolTSd on 




W'ynzct 



c68 



Wyon 



I 



him « wcotid time in Aui[U*> 1M1> froD the 
timr of Givt's ilrpartnn for New Z**ihtid 
iiiilil tlig nm»»l of hit <i«cm*or in JmmTy 
IirO.'. Wriivsrd WM Mniiut«d C-B- and 
ivcrivoil t |H>nuon for <ltiliwuib«d MtvWM. 
&l>d aflnrwardt, Id 9 <,)cl. IMS, WM tranBtM 
cohmcl of (bo d^lh f<Mt. Uo died at Balli 
OB Jan. l^L Bj kUwiib Aiiit,dMig1il«r 
of H. MiedomeU, he had (our son*. 

[HMMlTt DkL of AMtnlMun ffioffr. imi; 
MtKiDlluiaK Oct), pt IlervU.. >** ht. ISTT. ii. 
3T0-I ; Oetit. .U>K. IKGI. i. :.'';; ; Rtudeo* Bist. 
of Not Tmitni. ISSS. i. »^S^: W. L. IUm 
soil L R««tt'* Lir«a»dTiBM«f$irO«(faONy, 
18»3. ti.m; a>ratM'>Bd«u<)GiU>oa Wake- 
ftdd. ll«H;pp.U0-7j OiibanM'i !Cbv KmUwI 
RokMuid AiaEMoM. IS9T. pi^fi7-«1.T«-M: 
BMToa't Looc Wbita QokI. IMS. ra »3-l.| > 

E- 1. C. I 

WinrZET. NIMAX (ir.I8-I5»2),8«*. 

tiab OOBU<OtMiM>liat. [Sue Wikxrt.] , 

WTOH, BKNJAMIN (lS03-l»S>,dii«r 
engrarer of tbe io*U, bom is Jahn ^cimm, 
Blv'kA'iare, Loniluii. on 9 Jan. ISOS, -km* 
th« »«ciNid MB of lliofiias Wiron tbe older | 
[q.T.] Ilaiyceivi'diaunK'tioDfrOBihiaeUeT 
bratlier, Tbocoa* Wvon th# vouofM [^ r.], 
■■d in lS:!t pined i1i« fold mM*] m ike 
Sociotjof Arta for a medal dia of fleniiM. 
H* auo gained tlie ulrer rordal of ibc Rejral 
AMdcmy Ibr « die iritli liic bend of Apollok 

On 10 Ju. 1B3I b>» ma appointed cbinf 
mmm oT tke aeali and made tbe gnat 
(cal of Wiltiam IV. He subanioentlf pro- 
duced tnanr tnnlal#, Iiia signature b^ing 
* B. Wtdo 'and ' Iknj. Wsoa.' tlo diedon 
'Jl Nut. IHTiS. He wai the fathorof JoM^h 
Slii-plierd WvOQ fq. t.1, Alfred Btnjainin 
Wtod, and iir. .\lkti Wyon. 

Atnow W^ou'b umtalv mav be menlioaod: 
18S1, Viiit M G«or^ IV to frdand (obTrrw 
onh): 1831, Otmornc of Londoii Brid^: 
1S^,I^i.mK<>r^[ti-formlt;il: 1»»4. Founda- 
tion of Cilv of London .School; iKtJ. Pollock 
Priia MpJals; I8I!>, Opening of I.Andon 
Goal Exchangu: 1(^1, Shakramare Priio, 
Citj of Txindon School : ISoS, Viiita of th« 
KniMnirof Ihf Fn'iicli and of ibu King of 
Sardinia to (he GuildLnll, London. 

[Oaat. Mas- ISM. i. 07. UD- Dnit; Nem. 
3S Nut. 183S: Wfon'i Ormt 8«al>, p. tW; 
Wrtch'* Nunimuila LosdiaMxIa; Fraarr'ii Mp- 
d»lli.i« of IrtUod.] W. W. 

WYON.JOSEPn SHEPHERD (1636- 
1873), chief taifp^T^T of tfae teals, bom on 
28 Jul^ l^^,wa«iheeldart»norB«njau)in 
Wtoo iq. T.l He waiiadHCat«d b^ liia (klluT, 
and ctudied in tbo Mhoob of ili* Royal 
Academr, nhcrc hn gained two (ilvor nwdal*. 
ills finl important itotk ira* a tncdal of 




JaoMB Walt, which, on ItntH-rt i$t<-pbe 
reooesmendalion, wa* adopted ns ibn ^ 
nwdal of lhi> Imlitution of l.'ivil Engine 

Oa 3 IW. It^V* Wjnnwai appoiiiti.'d i 
•Hftavi-r of tbeaealh a poal preriooal* ] 
hjrbis father and ^•ramrfalber. He 
wincbMiaron 12 .\iig. 187:i. In his work 
•( a nwdaltin Iib iraji nidoil by his briMbr, 
Alfred Benjatnin (,*ec brlow), and alao by 
his brother Allnii. Thf ntcdala an oA*a 
sigmd ' J. S, and A. B. Wyon,' 

Tlie follovintc ipMimeiii may bo men- 
tionixit 1801, Steoivua'* lloapital mrdaU, 
Dublin (Ciiuck p«B»>: 1863, entry of I'ria- 
CMB AlMandni into [>Woil ; IdM-M, N'«ir 
Zealand war rordal ; 1(167, confedaration ol 
prorinoBa of Canada ; tbo gn^t kmI of ili^_ 
dominion of Canada; rroeption of ihe lult^H 
of Turkey in Lortdon ; I(*fl7-S, Abr»>Dia^l 
war nuedal: and 1872, Priace of 'Vi'alo'k 
iwOTMy. 

Ai.rvxn Bocjsvtx Wrox (ISST-U 
bom on 38 Svqit. 18.17, wsa aotociaied wi| 
hi* brother, Joseph Sfaenhord Wyon, 
charfengtBTerof tliescalanom.11 July 1^ 
and waa aole enrmTcr from S3 (Vt. I^ 
tdl his d««!b OB 4 June 1861. Ue i^ompih 
a work (m the ' Great SmIs of En{;la 
eotapbted and publuhed in 18t)7 by 
jwutgirr brother, .\llan Wyon, now ebU 
cngraTPT of bnr tnajraty'* soala (•ppotnt 
on :» June 16SI). 

[Wna'a OnM 8m1s. p. I>1 : Timea, 4 •■ 
It;): OailT Nen. S Stft. 1873; Wa 
NauMnaU Lan^nmNB : Pnucr'a H*dnlliM*( 
Ireland; liiitct*nf» Diciianiu;; Joanul 
Bril. Anh Aana M Juw 18U. p. SU; 
mimatie Chioniel*^ ISM, ProModtnnp. SC.f 

WyON. LEGS ARB CHARLES (M 

I89)),d)wf ongraver at tbe royal mint, lien' 
in 1836, waa tha nldnt mtT of Wjlliaia 
Wtob [q. T.^ He studied art nnder his 
{oilier, and in his sixteenth y«ar medt 
TorMut aedats as stodiea (speanwas in tbt 
Britisli Uweam). On the tvtiremcM (f 
Merlin be was employed aa aMoad Migmw 
to iW royal mini, and in 1851 Ri)ceee4edUi 
lalhpr a> chief engravnr. Biniilwi hia wta|_ 
on tbo Kiwlish coinage he waa aagaftd* 
screral eotonial and foreign eouM^aa, ~~ 
eieented many public and private n 
including ntott of (he nulitarr and _ . , 
mMlols issufd from 18A1 onwards. He died 
ouSOAni:. IMI. 

The fbliowing medab may bo mentipnol; 
1846, the R«*. naobald Matbew (FwUr 
Uathcw); ISSO, Edward VI (Bury St. Ed- 
muitda grammar scboot m«lBlt: Uoben 
StephefuHin (Menai Bridge); IgGI. ^ 
peixe medal, City of Lroudon Sobool; 



Ndedbs 
hia wor k I 




W^yon 



269 



Wyon 



Soutb Africa mpilul |rev^r*e)i 1951, India 
mC'la], gV'iieral wrvico (ri'verse); IKM-Ji, 
Bfillie nwdul (reTflrw) : l^^'T, A relic ni'«d*l; 
1M7-8, Indinn mutiny frcversnl ; \^H. tlir 
Albnt nwdol nnd Ihn tnoii^t v'l mndnl nf thn 
SocictJ of ArtJt; 1870, Arclin nn-dnJ {»- 
mnc); 1882. Egyft mtxlol; wid 188fi, 
Cnoada m«i]iil. 

|IIii>kini-> Mrclflltio llliialrntioiit, h). Fninka 
nnri Orarlwr; SMnlhill'i Olio IMridu, ii. 401 : 
Fmar'i MedallUu of Ireland ; Uijo'i l[«dflt>.l 

W. W. 

WYON. THOMAS, tliL- voimirnr (1702- 
I8I7), rhit-t i-nifriiKT at Ihc ruvnl mint, 
bocn at Birmiui^liBiii iu 17112, n'S' l!ic cldpsl 
ton of ThomM Wyon the vldi*r 'q. v.] At 
tlie ap> of fonrteen he waa aiiprriiticu] to 
bis ftUipr, and was infilriictvd DT him in en- 
gmving upon itcd. About t\m time bo 
joinnj ihcKiilpture iclioolof thnltojal Apa- 
dcmf and Kaincd twii silver prim mrdni*. 
In 1809 lia Btrucb fain firal medal, a mnial 

tteaenlMl lo Lieutenant PfarcH, K.N. In 
810 be s&iDed the go\A nitidal of tli(> Sui^iety 
of Art» Tor mcdft] i-ngTnyiag ; llie die, re- 
pn!>pntinii a htdil of Iiii, wna ptirrhawd by 
til* socielj- and iim-d fnr ilrikinK it* priiw 
medals. From Ibia period ba prnduiv^d 
m&ny medals for schoola, socirtiot, I'itl 
dab*, and otber iaslitiili^ua. 

Ob 20 Nor. I«t|l Wyou waH appoint^'d 
prohationftr (^([mver at Ibe rr>yal mint, and 
va» onpliiyvd in making lb<> bank lokons for 
Riwland and Ireland, and coina for ihn 
Bntiali colcmita Hndforllnnoirr. tlnl.TOot. 
101 S Im waa appuinlvd cbief ctif^M-cr to tbc 
mint, bvine tiieu only twrnty-tlinw. Tlie 
nest j««r no brought out tlit- new nilviT 
coinof^n fort.bc l'iiiti-d KJnplnm 1 half-crown, 
•hilling, and linfipncel, di'iijininj;!.!!!) rovenc^ 
btin*elf. In 1817 h'.- struck xhe-. mniinily 
motwy, and bejiau Iu maltn bin pntl.i'm 
CTOwn-piMe in rivalry of Tliomaa Simon 
[q.T.] ,Si^i of c>>nHiimption now bvipin lo 
Appnar, and Wv^n— a mndust and lalenti^} 
■rtut— dird on ''.T (or 2-J) Sept. ISI" at the 
Priory Farmhomp, Hfiir llnitinjcL He wa4 
l>uri«] in thu arnveyard nttAcliRd to Christ 
Churcli, Suutbwark. 

Among WjuuS uiedHlKmay bv menl.iirtncd : 
]80ft, Penrce m^idid ; 1810, Isiii miKlal (re- 
emrmvpd in li^l.l): medal of Welllncton; 
IPI2. Wooldridgr! mtidnl ; m«!nl f-ir Ilnval 
Naval ("ol lege. I'ortimoatb; IKI.*), Manches- 
ter I'itl Club meildl : ' I'ppor Canndn pre- 
served:' l8l I, meduLi jin'vnied to the 
Nonh AnteripHii tudianii: medal of thn tnir 
of Riuuia ■Iriicit dnriiiff llie viiiit of itio 
Grand Diiftbus* of (Md>^bur)t lo tb« Eii;;liab 
mint; trcntv of I'nrit (piibliMied hy Rundell 
ft Col from Ilia ' IVacc chrchtn^ tlte Furr of 



War,' a d»si(ni irliieh had nined tli* ptU 
medal nf tbe Society of Aria) ; wntonATT of 
apppjdion of boiiwi of Brau«wick (for "ihn 
coruorntion of (Topfc), »nd Liverpool Ktt 
club medal; I8IA, Wnt^'rlon medal, iril.h r«- 
rrne. Victory, adapted from n <!r.>ek coin of 
E\i»(ilk1o,' Medal,, platn 23); nnd IRI7, 
opening of Waterloo Bridge. Wyon alio 
pn(rrBi«'d (1818) seaU for tbe Xewmittin An- 
tiquarian SocifilT, the Cbe^t^r Canal Com- 
pany, and (''. l^l-ljihe Litnerick chambet 
of commrrcp. 

[Monioir I'T Mr. AlUu Wyrin in Colvils'a 
Wnrlliiw 'if Wurnii^liBliirB ; Ooiit. Ung. 1818, i. 
i;p . SainThiirs Ollu Podrida, i. 22 t. ii, SS4,i 

w.w. 

WYON. THOMAS, thn ddor (ITfl?--" 
I8;W), chief eiii-raver of tbe ieali. bom in 
17<ti, nn« the eldest of thu four aona nf 
CipoTRV Wynn, ibo oihi.r mu beinff I^atar,J 
father of William Wyon [q. v.), Oifornif^] 
and Jemea. 

Oeoruk Wiox {d. 1796), the father of 
T1io«nas, wna ion of Oeorge Wynn, a lilrvr-J 
cliacer, who waa bom at L'olojine, and camai 
to England iu tbo unite of (Imrgn I ; bo I 
deiwrvee commemoration aa the oncMtor ^1 
a T-alnntod race of medalliata nnd teal an*] 
gravM*. The vnunifpr Georpt was nppmnaj 
ti<^pd to n froMffliith, and about 1T7J; wat) 
MiguRcd by Matthpw Boulton [q. v.] in tha | 
inaniifictureof nrticiesof camftlian at Soho, 
near Birminfrham. Jle wo* don'gnpr ami 
modeller lo tbe SilvM Plate Compnnvtliprf, 
with which Boulton naa al»o contiMtcd. 
The ailrrr cup prnapnted lo John Wilkea in 
1772 WW pmboHHMl with the stniusi nation of J 
Julius Cnwtr from n ea*t bv Geori^u Wtoii ! 
(reproduced in Oent. May. f774, p. 457:' cf. 
Nicitoi*. Lit. Anrrd. xx. 478>. In 1780 ho 
wpi' ?■ '-iilin/ «t 75* Licbliffld Sireet, Birminic- 
biiM. Km I', i "8.'. Iinbad ivmoved toi?T«apl».] 
.Sti'iil. li.t (lied in 17&l( al ltirminghan),J 
whffi! liP had for many yean* eerii«d on] 
bnaineM oi a dip-Pii^rnvi-r and chaaer. 

Tbomaa \\'yon. about 1796, went into 
biiaineiH in Birmingham with Ilia brother 
Peter as a j-Bneml die-PtiitrnTer. Tbey re- 
aided at Lionel Street la 1797. IleeugraTpd 
many diw fiw tokens, nnvially pan of thai 
CovBnfry smes of huildins*. * From ISW' 
bo rjirricd on biisines* in Liindon, and on 
30 Kppt. ISlli wan appointed cbipfcniTTaver 
of the neala. Ho SifA on 18 (>cl. IWJO in 
NaMnu Slrvet, I^ndon. n» waa ihp falhpr 
of Thomas Wyon tile youneflr 'q. v.l, of Ben* 
jnmin Wyon [q. v.], and of l-Idward WiUiom 
Wjon, (.fulptor and modellpr. 

[Joforniaiioii kindly Kiren by Mr, H. B. Proa- 
tor, and by Ibo libraiinn of ilm Birminnham 
Oatral Froo Libmry; Wyon'aGrrot Sc«K p. 



Wyon 



370 



Wyon 



' I -'- J«nl. a.»;aMT'« ariWyrf 

tiiniljr. •« alM loml aoum aftd f*«i*a U tk« 
KminchuB ff**kt; PM far ini. X«l ITTI. 
K8S. mi. ISUA. IBIV UI»J W. V. 

WYOS. WILUAM (iraft-iaWV ehirf 
ffagnTvr at At rojri] ntM, W bent M Kt- 

PeMr Wtoo, wk» euriid oa bwinMB •* 
B)nuBgb«n >• ■ gcuHmt die tafnrtr is 
eaquKtiaii (f>c * time) wilk M «Ufv 
hraibtr, Tbooftu Wtod ihe «Uar r<|. «.] 
FttM Wyoo Ji*pUT«d Back Urta In hia 
dfl^ins for dies lor ''irmamU] btaw «ork. 
Ill- exMmt«d Ban* £•• far toktm*, med*)- 
lioni df Uankew ttooIUa aad otbn, SBd 
dM at tttrmintiliam, U Code Street, 81. 
Paul'*, in 1^2. 

WillUm Wjnm vas srat to acbool >■ Ilia 
Dative place, anil in 1^<09 «u apnreaiMwd 
to hU father. In Iu8 borhood hr caiw 
■ctoai a I'opT of Flaicaui* 'Doner,' and 
M«icd iKM<>rtbn 0«t tinea with cntlMiMBMD. 
Wb*a h* wan about Mstean Im engrared » 
Imd ot IIbkoIo* ia bold telic^ wUcb 
ftttnctad tha attautiMi ot HuhtaM Mai^ 
chant r«|. T.I He alaa nade a dia with a 
firara of 'Thu Wowlittan,' COfiind ftam 
WeMall'iDaCiure, and gilt impcouMuxniel: 
bcm this for hnxicbM Md a mat *alfe In 
18li bn risittd I^mdon, and MRan la work 
at a iBedal-di« with thr head of Cvna. 
StaKhant pnitAl thr dtsigu. aikd whra 
Wjna wantod to ofauin a naodel of aa 
RDcimt nlnajh told him to fO to Richard 
I'BTnn Knifiht [a. v.], and to MT that bn 
wu'llut prvlty i>«ha*«d,lliod«>l boy whnn 
he lud •pokpn to him abr>iit.' On 2^1 Uay 
ISn thp So«*ty of \n» «irard«l Wynn 
Uiuir l&rse fold medal for hU ' Curca,' mad 
porduMd the diaa for oae ia atrikiaft the 
•ocwty'* ^Hue f[ald ni«dal (cUn. Airri- 
culturo). He aUo obtained tbe tn>Id mn]ai 
of the Bodety for hia deaigiM for a naval 
prin.>ii>(!>dAl(l^l3>. 

In I8ltf W^oB flaallr ««it1ed in London, 
and aided btt vmd*, ^'bamao Wyon tli^ 
dd^r, in fn^vin^ the ncil'. In thn mib<> 
yi>ir hn n-ta appotntnt aocond onfraver to 
lhi> ICoyal Mint, bvinft cbnaeei on the award 
of i^t Tbooia* Lawrence fq. r.l alter a com* 
petition. Theffieat recuaafrD of Oeor^ I II 
bena in 1810, and from that time till 18^5 
Vi^on waaaictively f^ployed to the prvpan- 
tioB of lhi0 dim tor the Itritjuli and colonial 
laoaey of Gaorgv III and fioorrc IV, In 
19S3 Btmedauo I'iKlnicn [(). r.j, the rh\»i 
mgravsr, biul {intcticnlly irvajcd to wnrh on 
tbn coinajtr, thoimli b" rpiaiued hut Mtlnnr 
or-*<00/.,wfaik- Wyon had LW/. In thevarly 




pan o' n wn appoioied chief 1 

panr. - ' - wis aoaiilrd to htm fori ._ 
ntnaervMHafrooa I8S3IO 1^^. Piatraed 
wa« that doHpiatod 'chiof m^dalliM.' Ia 
IMO Wyon bogau tbc *n\t* of <'j>iii-d>M of 
William IV. tbe portniil bi-ing lakra fton 
SirF.Cbanirey'* modcL In IrUMbn vUii^^ 
Liaboo and modellnl tite portmit of (^u^^| 
Doaaa Maria for the aew Portafooe im^^ 
ac« whi(& hr w«a Ml«el«d to onoian^ 
IdSl W had bm •lartod aa 
Rojnl AcadaaiT.and on 10 Mardi 
bwaami an aeadeiaidtan, ihi» hiiag 





o««Mion on which a nwdalliiit had 
etoctnl. He wai alio an bonorar; ; 
vt the ImEB-riol Academy of Fino Arllj 
V>niua<<^t9(ted 1(40). 

On tb« awnwioa of Qnoen Virtoria ibr 
p«p«ntioa of tha coroaation medal tw 
•atruatad lo Kurued, aad in 1837 and U 
a aawtpafMrnntnrreny a« to tbv t««: 
anrita of tbe work (and lutioiiabtj) 
I^rocci and Wyon exdied public lol^ 
PblnHci «w Moully d<-rendvd by Wil. 
Bidurd Hamilton f'l. v.], wbiU Wyon 
MUp^tted by lUchArd Sainthill the nni 
malut anil bv Rdiriril llawkina fi 
who wro4n under thepicudocymaof 
Briton,' 'PUraona,' and 'A. K.' W: 
friend Nicfaolan Cariule '^i^. t.] prin 
vatcty • FulofHlJe memutr of bim 10 I 

In l'<Et Wyon vilited Pari*, and w«» 

dially iM^^iitd by Louia-Pfailippe, who |ir^ 
•iMiied bin wiih a eold latdal. IJiirine iba 
nnuintng yea» of his lib Wyon wv 
aetitraly roiMMd on coin and 'tni-dat 
He died at Breton on 30 (Vt. INil. 

Wyon tnarritd. on l:f April 1^:21, CatW 
rine Sophia (tf. U Feb. l^Gl i.thinl dso^kt 
of John Kwlv, %urgvoa, of rioulhAmpuo. 
aad had bv h«r Ino tons and two dnnibt, 
The eldMt ton, Leonard Cliarles W 
nntMWd ■rparati'ly. A norltait of W 
drairn bv f^t". Wvom in IttiJ, i» 
in ^imbiir* 'OI'U I'odrida* ^l 
tbe 'Gentleman'* Magazine ' (I>fil, it. 000). 
UU purtrail also ap|tcars on tbn imitaliMi 
crown-pii«f^ of Cromwell engraved hv 1. ('. 
Wt-ou in |!M3(»pMimeaifiBrit*diMu»faak 

Wyon'ft induMry aa a deetgner and m- 
gravpr of die* both for (otaa and medil* 
irai DSti*ardinaty. Hii work waa ttwtn 
oonactcntious and well finidiad, thoagb of 
vTM no doabt bamj^ered by iho nMcbaiiial 
conditiuas with whidi a modrm mnhHirt 
haji unially i<> comply, and ho •ocaetimH 
adb«r«d too faithfally to tb« awdallie tn- 
dirinoa of cIiuhcbI, or rathw of p^it^ 
rliwical, dHiitn. Sntnp of hi* (iroduct>M>>i 
linWRTiT, attain a mally_ hi^ 1«t«1 of ant«( 
ueoUenco, notably bit Chaaelclen ntiil 








(iVvMMmii/iVJunu'ua/.ti. 10) (!>r St. Tbonuji'* 
Il«t]i><A'> wli^iv lie nuwueded mlnitrablj 
with a difficult n>T«nv«-de>iga — a ilcnd budj 
laid <>iit in thn tlimwcting-room. The Mm 
eiTpn bnlon- furniiilic* onljr ■ tninll wln^tion 
&oin Itiii niiincti>uii worhx. A itood I'M of 
hi* raiiw and mcdab, up to IHSS, lonj bn 
fonail in Culitle'* ' Memoir,' and nnothur 
lint (not conipleie) ofbU medals wm dnwn 
up br L. C. Wvon tnd uriutml in SumlLilt's 
•OUi PodTid«''(ii. 401-3). A ctaa uf Wvcmi'b 
nadil* TBI vxliibatMl At tli» Great Cvlii- 
bitioit of IB^'tl, nn.) man; of liia pntti'rn- 
coiiwniul !ni!i!aii< aw pn-i>--rvci) in tiii' Itriiinh 
Uiueum- His si^Dtiirc in w. ir. and w. 
WIOS. 

W}Dn«iigrav0dlh(!foIlo«rin)teiniu: ISIT. 
pattMD crowa execnl«d in fnisi w«r1i, nr- 
rerep, ' Incorrnpta fIdM.' Rci^hI Ariu«: 

Eiiera cmwn, n^Ttrn", 'Ftndiu invinUbiU-,' 
iglaad. [r«tund, oiid Hcollnnd a> tlie thrra 
Ucsmm; iHllt.IuDiinlilatidiroiiinBi'; ISi'B, 
p4tIeTD fivc-pjuiid pT«?i;of I ieorprlV: liCtl, 

mU«ro ilouUe-trjvptviipi <if Willinm IV; 
1839, Mttem lire-pound pi(<M of Viotoria 
(»M Una and Lion); lH4fi,*CkiHiic'crowtt. 
Wyon'« chitif mcdnln Wire ; 1S12, Ali-nnn- 
dor lof ItuwiA : I8!3,-Ci*i!«' mnlal; I SI ft. 
Earl Howi- (MudiL-'i iKrieii); |sa4, Sir Wal- 
ter Scoit: l(*l*.t, [.oodon ItridsL-; 1826, Unr- 
row Jkbtiol, Pwl mudal; IturmeHi Wnr; 
1827. 1'liii^rBitv of London; 1 W8. Itujol In- 
stiUUion, FiiUi-'r medal; 1820. St. Tliumu's 
Hcimital, (Thpwldi^ii madali iS30, Dodiarri 
Cnitle medal: IS.tl, roronntinn nf WiU 
liBin IV: IWU, Sir Jolin Sonne: itgmbay 
Native Education Society; 18.K(, l^udon 
UoiticulliLKl SiJi'ietv : lt*.'l7, ecci-.i»ion of 
Queeo Viciorlai vbil of tliti ijurvn to tho 
Onildhall. I.cindnn: 1840, Nrwcanlle uid 
CarlilloICiiilwiiy; lSll,Anolhi'ctii-if«' medal; 
184J, China. JcllalahaJ, Ciiiuliiliar (war 
rondalt); 1S4<I. ChantrvTmodfi), Art I'ninn; 
ISI8.{teii«TalmirTici: medal*: mtdn! awn riled 
to Major Herbert B. Edward™ (Mmo, 
MtJaU. pi. 27, %. 4>: 1819. tb? Kocietv'a 
medal of tlu Society of Ana; l8ul. luilis 
nwdcl. 

[Ckr1«>l*'» Ibmoif of Willinm W^on. 1837 

Sa Mlt«>illiuimt*d ni[rv pn'pfiriul l>y BilwarJ 
awklaa h** Vw*n kindlj Unt lij iT» uwner, 
Mr. Charlr* H- lUad. F3,AA; Numismaiie 
Jaornal. 1837. ii. 10 1.: S«iRtlii11'> OIIh 
("edrida. ij. 1191 f ; Dcir*pK[!ar ciiltiiiiiii in llnl. 
Una. Libr. ralalinK lo Wjun uid I'lMrumi; 
Bawkiaa'a HMlallie llliislrit iana (imI. I'muka 
akd Ornnber): May)'* Mi>dixlii auit Du<-<>riaiini> ; 
Slwp'a CaTijiutu* of thn L'lixiwfiul Cullei'liun. 
pi.T; KaJgrnnt llit'tioDutj ; AtbpDiEuni.8 Nov. 
lUl. p. llTTi Gont.llaic. \an. ii.6UiU 



WYB0B8TEE, WILLIAM (U16- 

14&j?>,eknwict<ff. [See WoRcmrB.] 

WTRLKY, "VMLLIAM {I56E-W18), 
antiiguary and llaugif Crmx purauivanl, bo 
it) StalTardihim in IWA, was too of Ango 
line Wjrlcy of VVTrley, SlafForiUiir*, and 
of Netberaeal in LcicpatershiMi. by Uarj 
Ilia wifv, daugbtvr of \Viiltrr CbarnelU i^ ' 
SnnrMtone, LeicMtersbire. lEis k'rnudfnlbc-r 
wa» William Wyrley of llnudsnurtb 
Ktofrordsbirr, wb«ni the familj had 
long Jettled. 

rt'yrlev, who wiui edurntcd at a roiintry 
(;ranimar nvbool, showed from hia childhood 
an * eicellpui |!«Die for arma and armory 'i 
While ttill a youlb be was cmjilo^ed acl 
nmanuflnni* by the StAflbnlabire autiijuary, 
Snnmm Erd<«wi(;I;n [q, r.j of .*<andi)u. Diir- 
\ug the period thai liu irn* worhinK with 
Erdeswit-lte, Wyrley publiidM>d tindcir hi* 
own name s brief nuraldic c«My entitled 
' The irve Vae of Arrauriu, ilieu-ed by Hia- 
tone, and platnlTptouedbrExamule' (^ Lon- 
don, by J. Jai^MH for Gabriell Cawood, 
ISes, 4to^. ThQ little work embodiw tiaiaa- 
valuable hUtorical rcHiarch in nprd lo tlit 
early origin and sisnificwir* nf hfinildie cni-^ 
bUiiDf. It wua dedicated <To the Kight 
liOBOurable lhi> I»rda and ttbi-m, tiio 
festora of martiall discipline.' Tliu 
lf» of Ann<wi«i ' only fllk Iwrnty-L-ieUB 
pagm, but to it ^^'y^loy appended two bi» 
toricnl poom* of hia own coiivpoaition ; tliej 
wrreinDL'ven-tiiieaianiaa, and were pnlitle 
re*peotive!y ' Ijord <'bnndnti ' and '(^pila 
df Bua." Theau ' dull, cn-Miin^, hiilorical ' 
iiarraiit^M ' are vcrv * uncoutfi diitiim ' (Rit- 
fos, nibl. Poftim.'li^i, p. 30Uj Phiijjpi,. 
Thratnim Poft. Angl. od. Birdgea, p. 838)/ 
Dugdale republiihod n part nf the nfraldi^ 
tract in his' Ancient t'>a^Rof]t<'aring,\Tni8^ 
(1682. ISmo. pp. 0-JG). and he uttriiwd th 
whule of it tn Kidi'swicke. nn the autborit 
uf William Iturtou, author of ibe ' IJinlo^l 
of I.f-iceelonliire' (wbo hud ihi- nlory fruaLJ 
Krdntwickn). Wood di«i>iil(-il ErdT-pwicliu'i.^ 
r«9pon»ibility. U'yrley doublleaa uaed Ba»- 
t«Tiab wliirh he Kntherad from ErdeswicWa 
papen. Ilia authority for the poems hAa 
not beoii queationed. Wyrloy* hefnlilic 
tra'^t waa reprinted without the poem* in 
I8.'>3 (London, am. 4to). 

Soon aJ^rr the publication of his book 
Wjriey Irft l-^rd«*wick«'a »ervici', and re- 
solved tu puraua hia antiiiuariaiL dtudiea at 
Uxforil- He matrieulatDd frncn Ralliol Col- 
It'gr, Oxford, on 29 Not. IfitM at thn mntura 
aifi' of Iwunlj-iiiue. During hix n-Mdnnenat 
Italliol be mode ' Colli^uliona uf Arm* from 
Moitiuamcs and Windowa lu Churcbua atid 



Wyse 



n* 



Wyse 




or WtDiHiB«rtM, Urtorini 

tlar ■*!• toftitthr ■ — trty rf thM tfai « 
I.»«<M*nUn-. Db 15 Mkj IflM Wji!.; 

Uh CoUrfo of Armk Ho gUMd tbe f*p«- 
tation tbm of * ■ knowiu «Bd omM penMi 
IB bM KvfaMJnti.* lU iSmI At tlw (nIW|« 
M lAFek. 1617-1'i.mBiI wta banei in St. 
BmbH's CIlVKb tmr St. Pul'a WliuC 

8i»« paRkm of WjTt«7'« collMdioM of 

um and BwamnMiiMl tdseriptioM nada is 
l>ic«tenliiiv and Mhar onntiM, a« well aa 
in charckra in and naar London, was bic- 
qaired bj- UaifYt* SbrUon of \V«aHw, L«nf: 
CoBipInn, WamidutuR, who ia Mid to haT« 
btqiMniiwd WrrtcT* tnaiacrim on hu 
dattbiti ie6l,t(i(&eG<iIUga«f Aim. Tli* 
onlj mnMcrnt than now idantificd m 
Winir of WTlWT'a coonoMtioa •• a aaall 
qMcto rolita* suabaM Vbkwnt HS. 197, 
•■il cUilbd ■ Cborch Notca of Le k w m iifciw. 
Warwiebkin, Nonfaainptaii,Yoik.Binlaad, 
nd StaflbrdaUic' Soae notaa hj Wyriw 
«■ StafbrdiUte meatogy am ioewporaud 
in Iba adition «r Erdeawkka'a 'Sarrtr of 
StaAbrdalitre' which waa adit«d bj Tbonai 
Ilarwood ia l^^ (uwtbor edit. 1811). 

rWeod* Albcn* Omo.: ?«««'• Alamai 
Oio*. : NobU'* C>I1(C« of Aran ; Coimt^ Col* 
lertaaa* Ati^foti'itm ; Smaa'a StalKadAin 
Bibtlcenohr : iaCenuUMa kindlj giT«B b^ 
Erwatd GtMn, aiq., F.&L, Bdaft DiBgna.1 

WTSE, Sir THOMAS (l?»l-IM2), 

rDliiician asd diplcmatut, han Ml Dec 
nil , waa tba eUaat aoit of TboMaa W^w 
of ibn manor of 8l. JtHui, to- Wataifonl, br 
hia wife Francea Maria, danfffatfr and 
bFima of G«oTF» BaeF*' of Dromorp. co, 
Walrtfofil. Tbn bmily claim dncent from 
a IVto(uhir« knigbt. Andrew \\'y»o, wlii> 
ia aaid lo bare a«canp*iueil Sirongbnw to 
Irdand in 1171, atkd to bar« recritpd fnxn 
bin trader land in tb^ noicbbonrbood at 
WatFrfiMd, a smaQ pnrtion of wbiA is atill 
hold bj hia daaeandanta. Hie nMoor of Si. 
John, wbich tndndca propprtr williin the 
dtj wall*, waa oriKinallT faelil br ibe Wtms 
fitiaa iho [Miorr of St. Jobn, founded by 
Kintr John ouUide Walerford. On tbn di»> 
aolutinn of the monaatmiM, Ibe maiMr and 
•II ill riftbta aad iha prafxirtv in ibr citj 
WPte (prcn ill fi^ ttinjJploSir \Vi!liam Wva*. 
tben aitnttnTl in lb" coarl of Ilcnrv VlII. 
In the RTign of Iliiliji and Mary, &t An- 



drew W«w^»ji 
'frioraflhn 



3Er^ 



mktrtd ibt- hmSh 



8l. JeliB of 3tr\t- 
«1«. vaa iMaiWai bvPtiilip ambasMcior 
froa Spain TnTTaflir Thr family, in uUi- 
tiea, ownad lat— wra Mtfatn ibxrmi^a 
the tonth «f bcfaad aad aev Doblin, bn, 
m c— wywe tt Ihtir HMdft ndhamiM 
u On CtunUe Cillh. ihMB wna b* n«nt fvt 

I. ChariM I, and OramnlL Tbn inAmtt 
of tha fraiW tn Wauribid waa iiinilliiiwi 
KTcni. and the}- gnn to tha an Inm IW 
unaaiili nofewcr than thtrtr-lkraa wawM 
aad Whw ■wwi fa i in l oflfasen :' Franni V('}v 
paid for Ihadtinna ontof hiaowa reao nwa 
Iha §a» ori/OW. iiBMwd by Waiiam Ul 
_ Ua Ma; in IicUnd in KVO. 

At iha agt of nine TboiBwi, betr u tbe 
bmitj ealatw, waa aeBi with hia jooa^rr 
bm th er Otory to thr newly fouudmd jrtaa 
oeHege at Siooirliiint in Lancadiif*. T^tf 
be rapidly dcTclopad tbttt anlcat loi« of 
liipnttun and tha dawiea whidi farawd a 
nufkad trait of hi* chanet«r tluoogfa life. 
The penal lawwhicbaxcIndadeaihoUcafrtM 
Ttinitj College, Dnblin, bad bM>D ijflrt 
hj the Iriih paiUukent in 1703. Acntri- 
inftj, Theoaa and bis bmibeT G»<i»gii aft*r 
Bin* Tear« ai Stoniliunt vnipivd that nni- 
TfrriiT with Rir^rd I^i>r Sbril, NidioUt 
Ball 'q. -v.], Stafban Woalfe [q. r.^ imA 
m bets who had been their aehoolrantpankw. 
Here Tboaas aoon dtManguiahed hinuelf, 
carry ing off the dianoeUor a priw aad naoT 
0(bm,aiul holdinf Ural rank in ll»» UhMA* 
cal (Debating) Society which had JBrt baa 
MTirvd. Even than he took n keen in*, 
laat in politic*, ■yob* at iwiifiliiiiLi of tV 
Catholic AModation, and waa ebairann "" 
ana in ISia lie ipadnalad I).A. in Iff 

On leaTing the untrersitT Wtm w«nt 
London with hia band of IrianJ* who 
slnd^ng for the kw; and. memly f«v 
own imfiotaiiMni—not inl^Ddin^r to foDo* 
lb* profewinn— ha wa* entered for a vttr 
a> a atndent at lineoln'i Inn on 19 Jm* 
1913- When ibe cooiliiivnt waa opa M 
trnvellCT* aft*T Watyrloo, Wtup *p«it iOn* 
tinu^ in I'iim, wLerv hr mada naiqr oete- 
wnrtby acquainiancaa, uliiinaielr ponniK 
bu ^numcT witb Ball and WouIIe aem* 
Ibc .\\j» in IHin. Ijoyp of art and o((h»* 
lical (chf-lnrihip. to wbich b« now ndM * 
ilody of Italiaa literatara, lad him to >p*' 
Iwa ttnra in Rome and Flamie*^ }ia ih* 
joiiMd a party to th« aact, wlwm anoUar 
two yean wwa potlalilr apent in Tint* U 
Athni*, CMiHUntinaplo, tfjpt (up to the i» 
eond caiaract\ Palaatitw, the Ornelc Uattb, 
andSeily. Cbarie* (aftrr«nardaStrCharW> 
Bany [q-r.] acoonipanied the party m ani«i. 



t tV I 

i 



i 



4 




Wysc 



»73 



Wyse 



iilwiili him Wj«eandIiislVi«nJ3iupa«uretl 
tho UmpUs and ulnlnhnd view*. 

()n bw ivtuni tn Ilnmi' WrMnoawed a.o- 
qn«mlene« villi Napulron'* brnlhcr I.ucieti, 
priDCv of Cauinu. wlioin ha had met «n hi* 
liriit ■njouru lu Koiui*. Hrnicv LucIeii aiid 
hi» fsioilT «hared Wjtri'e lilirrurv Hud 
ATtiMir tii*t«, and \rrrf mucb aitractud by 
biin. ]wi'nlimllT, in Marcli \ri'2l, hn ninr- 
ricd liitclitia, tiio cldut daiirhtrr a( l.ticir^n 
Bona()arte hj his apoond ittfa, Marie Ali-x- 
andfini!. After Ilia innrriiifio Wyst, wUilo 
often viiiitiBg Roma Hud Ciuino. rviided at. 
Viierbo, wh«ro Lucivii Itcoajitirlo ulleri'd 
hin a. villa. Ham h» occij[ii«<d himAvll' in 
wrilinU a learned book on (ho 'Hii-lnrj 
and Topognpbj of JoruMlvm,' al tha umxe 
tinM compoeing an opji! ponm ontitUd 
* Amel,' iivitlin' of wliicb wu tiriiit«(l. 

In ]h-'J!i lliv H^ilalii.in I'or i»l tiulic cinuiivi- 
paltoii rv»i»'d in Ir<>Utid,itnd VVrsy. reluru- 
ingirilh hin fniniiT In WiitvrforiJ, iiulantlj 
took ■ lending nnrt in poliiii?*. At ihi- finl 
t[Te«t pnivinc'ul laecunx in l.inu'rit^k. cf>n< 
mlinguf liberal |)rutiiliiniiiaitwi-ll nioattiu- 
lics, hie WB« uuiiiiiiiiously i^l«ct«I chttirmun. 
He alco became Ehairuiiin of the i-lcctiuu 
«ODunitl«e nf 1826, fortued iu b^g native 
coanty in order to overthrow tie Beresford 
inBuoncp. TIir ccimmiiti-p'ii (ilToni u-«n> tuc- 
ewifiil, mninlv thmufih \Vv*i;'* i<nlhii>iiu>m 
■nd bti t4ilHiit for DrK<>ni>a)ioii. Thu miul 
novel feature uf the election cunpaifta wan 
hU ' cniaade,' as it wa4 railed, ainons the 
4(te. AWtoldrnk, who hit lirrto bad vuced like 
4lkv««attliabiddin)[«l' ihi'ir landlords. He 
mad* a tour all ni'-.r the conntViaccnmprinii'd 
b^ a priiMl, who, when iiej^iusiiry, tmn*!ated 
luH «pe«cbe4 into Iri»li, cxplnmiitjr to the 
peaMiil* tbeir ri^^hts on frei? citiicn-i. and 
iJirir duties lo t^.te uocording lo their «■«- 
«eiraces. Thn rc«iill wat. tbe lrium|)liaiit re- 
turn of llenrr Vi!]i>-r» ttliiarl., lh» liberal 
coadtdate ; anil ihc iiyMein piireiwd by Wyen 
with the lib. t'reeUoIdHn wm ndnntod by 
0'Coiuudr« Bupptirlerfl ot Ibi: celolirnle'd 
Clare elect inn in ihe followiiiR vonr. 

ThecivforwHid in tht- (ilru(,"|;ii? for emnn- 
cination XN'yiw ranked tivnt O'Connell and 
JBbmI. Lord (rilann ntateo that of all ibe 
'poliliciana of tbc dar, ^Vvjiit was the mn*t. 
aeooiniili«bed aud bi^hly' cultured, \\hnn 
tlM Wtlioliu AswicialKin, which Wync'ii 
neat-frandfatbcr and t\ie O'Cmiorllon lint 
Tauadra in 1760, di^eided on iasuinf; an 
Addn-ja to the {maple of Euclaiid, he wan 
chowo to oompoM it. He alao origiiiHCed 
Aayat«m of lllNira] clubt, but oppased ^v- 
«liuin dealing. He, too, won prinri pally 
insirusaetitalingetlinKiiptbef^'nt Hutunda 
loeeting in l^:f8lop«tilii>iil'uroinaiicipa<ion, 

vol. LSllt. 



nnd to him wax eniniMed the drawioK up of 
nn addnw to the kiriK, which ihe bart of 
GlMigatl moTcd and U yw Mvonib-d. Wbnn 
it iraa resolved to itcnd a deputation to I'^ujc- 
land to confer with libeml protentaota nn to 
the (levelopmiiiil ot ibe a^^laiion, Wvm^, 
O'Connell, and Shnil wprc diuaen for the 
IU Union, but ultimnfly he did not tMom- 
paay tlicui. In the foUnwin^ y«nr (l(<^tl|,na 
■Miti nn emnacipaliun no* granted, \S'j>n 
publinhed 'A Leller to inv Kdlow Counirr- 
mi-u,' recouimefidiii^ the diinululiun uf Ihe 
Carbolic Association, tintv its ot^i^:! bad 
been achieved and lli« country' needed quiet. 
Immnjiatoly afterwards he pnhlisheil the 
' Hiilorical Bkotch of Ibn Cainolic .\Mocia< 
lion" (Ijondfln, 1629, '2 viil*. 8vo|, 

SiuiultiineouBly with these ^litical oocu- 
patiuus Vi'sM punued kia hleraij wi^rk,, 
ond before 18S0 he bad published ■ Walbij 
in Uonn*,' ' Oriental Sketches,' and other 
vnlumei of spirited dcseription, while he ciui-| 
tributcd article* on graver lubjocla tn thai 
reviews. 

At the guneral oleetion of 1830, the fintb 
aRer calbulLO t^maut'ipsliou, ^\'yse atood 
for CO. Waierforil, but O'Connell aUo prs- 
senleil bimi>i>lf as a camlidnle, and ol^ecte' 
ma kocnnd liberal, when^ upon \Vy*« resigns 
in bi»faviiur. Hut bentood forci).Tippcrar_ 
oud wns rnthusittitifnliy relumiKl wiUioul i 
Canvons. alter u severe (.'<>nlFSt uf eight davl 
\Vj»e thus etfevtuully bruktf uptbetorj' nria- 
locratic inllirt'iice in Tipi>'rnr>. Through-, 
out his pailianienury eiiro'T \Vys>- was an 
*(>Dlighlencd lihernl,' roiing fnr the s^^-iit * 
llcfairo Hill of iBiKJ, ubiiliiion of slavery, 
I repeal of the corn kwi, and the exlenuon 
I of popiilor itducatiun, He was keenly inli— 
I n-elHd in bulb luijierial and purelv Irish 
mitiBlioDS; bill he especiiilly Jcvot«dliiiii»f!f 
lo national edueatinn. On the asMtmblin^ of 
pnrlinniPiil in Dncemher l!*3ll, he presflnled 
a diilailnd plan lor Irish odticalion to I'nrl 
IJrey lhrou(;h .Mr. Stanley vlntet liurl nf 
Derby), then Irish secri'lory. In ihe fol- 
lowing 8ep1eml>ut >IUuiley, who bad pro- j 
vioiuly i|;iiurvil Wvee's sit^estjous, unes- 
pectrJly annoitncecl hie intention, at son 
subseqneoi date, of ubnlishing tbn Kilda 
Place l^ocii^ty, nuJ I'JiiublishiiiK in its slcod.: 
anatinnalbourd of education iu Uubtiu. In 
spile of (he govemuieotB independeni adoji- 
tion of one uf Wvb«'b leading; eduvatioaal 
reforms, WyM on ^9 St<pl. brought in u bill 
on the subject, which he had long been 
paring, aft»r cnnsiillatinn with tlio bishop 
and otbnrs in Ireland. 'I'bii bill was drop 
when Stimlcy issued ' Inslructiuun ' lo i 
iu Dublin a board of national edui-'utiuu, i 
, to odupl an vducutiuual ^ytilvui wbiuh rvpro- 



k 



Wyse 



*u 



Wyse 




ducxd VMbatim thifprovinott* of Wj^ip'ibilt. 
NoackiMirMgiiimloriculebUdiieMta'Wrw 

mprd tuar wbicJi wan \Vym'» da». 

Wtw n-lircd Ittirii Tippenrr afirr Ibe ]M«b 
isy of the Itpform Rill. and wk< dcfetln] in bis 
condidalurr for ill* city of Wslrrfocd. He 
Bidvocal(d ill lli« abolraiCt ■ Mibonlinale par- 
lianeal tor IkUbiI, bui would not jiIm^ 
hiuMlf TO follow O'CocibkU's ili«t«ti>« m 
d«(*tl«. Ill IKIA he M-wd agsin for Walrr- 
fbrd cilT on llir undcnlnndlniitkal hr would 
fpve no pirdgv oa tlie rppeal qocMion, nor 
MCFpt (be benefit of (yOonneira inlliwiicc. 
He wan trinin[iliaDllr lv(uni«d at ibelmd 
of ihr poll. aud from ibal period b«ci>Dliiitii?d 
10 rvpnuvtit tba cjtr, dMptp nanv conl«»t«, 
luitil 1847. RegtrauigSUnlaT^aditcatiMal 
|M>lic]r •« inadBqnatc, Wjmi in 183fi brouffht 
■nnbillfDrnatiaiwIedacalioninlrrlaDd.innm ' 
complete UisnbiiprcTioiU one. Whilvtvst- ' 
iurlh* diivcting power in the natiooal board 
orI>ablia, ihe co-opemtioo of Kht pMple iras 
isnirod b,v IocaI ommitt^M in confomtitj 
vith IhoM wlf^ovntning prlnrijilni which no 
■IwavD Hlronglf adroealod in the adaiini* ' 
ulration of Iiclond. On tbe *ooond rcodinit 
be oblaintd a cammiitn* of inqnirv, of which 
he wan appointed chainnad. It buI for two 
Mtaiuna, and Cnallj li« drew up an Flaboralr 
report, wbieb, aiuoiw otber mat Ion, points 
out bow tho royal, dioccmn, and oIImt 
foaliiii>ti'>n ^cliool* in Irrlnnd and ihn pn- 
dmranonts could bo with juitice uliliaed 
imder tbo nnw mtem ; it auo i«camiDinided ' 
mtcnnediato Mucatioo bjr the tstabliBh* > 
mvut of provincial coll^j^ and a awond uni- 
viTxiTT III Irelaud, lu Ir'Si lie published 
Ml exhaoiilive work on ' I-rflucation Hefona.* , 
ll«)p»d to found tbe Cnnlml SopiMy of Ivdii- I 
cation, nnd wrote »eTernl piipttn in ita pnb* ' 
liestioni. Ue nt.Iciidcd nunii'roui mrclinff* 
onthniuhjpcl in Muicbe*t«r, Lireipool, liol- 
ton. and olbur placet. On one ocouion be I 
was ihc Kueat of Cobdcn. who aflerwArda 
VTOti* lo bim iliAt lie liad produced a tort 
of ' Eooral inioxicntion ' on ibe people re- 
garding education. He wa» preprint at a 
merling at Cork which pRlllionrd the qu(«ii 
to Mlablifb n prciTincinl roUrgi! in tliat town 
on the lino Inid dnvn in hU rqiorl. 

In the aewon of 1839 Wj-ho wait about to 
talroducc a bill fur education in the L'uitvd 
Kingdom (tbe baai* of tbe *^alem (liai baa 
since boen adopt«d), vbcQ Lord John Itu»- 
mU tDlrridacea remlatioDS lo tbe like eSToct, 
wfairli, ihoiigh falling short in manj point* 
of Wyif't pirnrmulf, lit^nllT adopted the 
ichnne he hod Wn iirKinff. Vho two main 
|irincipl«« he had hrcn %hlln);farwerc <Mn- 
cvded— nnniely. itaie con'.rol and school in- 





■pectioa, tbe edaoatiim of tbe oounlrr I 
ooir pUcMl under tbn matiageniriil of** < 
atiiee of ibe privy council. Tbam was 
kom conteti orer tiie clniuen re(^r 
gioam inilruction. I'Vwii firat to lo 

was (IroBsly nppOMd lo education 

religion, bot advocated that religious 
Btructioti ibould bi- impttrled a^rparatrlf 1 . 
ih« puton of tbe mrioua deiioii3inni^>Bi. 
Heabolaid tpeeial streu cm tlie nec»*i>T 
of training teaclivm: luid loainlr •( b> 
siiggniion Mr. Kay. ibi- new fptimwttt 
official, eatahlisbnd on Wtsv's priacnki 
a ttninin([ collegv at Itiklienieu 'nv lur- 
SniTTlBWOIiril, SiK JlMKX PliiLUpf' In 
1830 a bill fur municipaE refnrnt in Irvbrni 
waa rejected on Ijom Lyiidhiir«t'« mo- 
tion by ll>e ilouae of Lords. Wiscmailr u 
(Joitiwiit protfvt in perliamrDt. Tbo litm- 
nim of Ijondon, anxioiu lo mark tfarirn!' 
uriuuent of tbe coiuiiKt of the llonte of 
Lords towards IrrUnd. iniited SVyse ia 
allow hinuwU lo be Qominated for tbe oAbt 
of aberilT for the city. Owing ti hi* ^biti 
recent death, lie itluctuntly declinn! At 
nomination. Thctmrporations of Wainfml 
and C«rh aeni addressee of tbsufcs to tbe 
liTrrvntcn of London. 

TIh lenders of tbe Ii1>cral party ncofioMi 
Wvv'a abililiea and intluenof, and he Wt« 
admitted to office. From it^ao to 1841 ht 
was a lord of the tr«uurr in l.fiM Met 
bo lime's ail tainitiral ion. l)e wns ■ nrmhrr 
of the fine art* enranaittee appointed to ooD- 
sidrr tlii< ndvisibitily of deconting the iww 
botiirs of porliammt, and eabaeqiMntlt Mt 
oil tlie royal comiuiiuioa to earn ihi* c^JMt 
inloelTect under thvprnidency of tbeptina 
conaort. 

In Irish politics Wy^e ahowed p<ai 
ncliiilT during ibe conM-rvatire adtmoiiM- 
tionofSirRobprll'«el|lrUI-At. Ileseoondfd 
Kir ItichardMus^pvvDs bill fnrcountrboaid*. 
wn.i ■ ngorous oopinietit of tbe ariii:^ bill, sr- 
conded Sinith OBrien** notton for redtni 
of Insh t'rieTvnoea in IMS daring the FffMl 

S^-ituiiou (which was lost aft«r an ""ji— '■J 
ebate), and drew up wiih O'Brien a bUW> 
fesio lo the people of England cmbodyiw 
Iriili grierancw. .\Uho4igh Wyse h*d u> 
vocalcd sinoe 163^ a federal parlianMat, le 
dudined to join tliu Itepeal Asisociat ion under 
U'Connell. In 1814 be made an ekuMoB 
upeeeh on the elate trials in Itvtnnd, 
uianding O'Connetre bberation ; aod in I 
same year he advocatod at Cork thees 
blishmenl of provincial CoUegim. Ntxl 
a bill for this purmac was puueed by i 
gnvirmmi'ni, when Sir Itobcrt Peel i 
mented Wysv as 'the comsistcBt prowMT* 
of cducniion in all ita gradatiom.* 



On S Joly 1646, oa I.onl Jobn Ru^svll's 
BAtainptinn of ofII<«, Wv«(i wiu npfiitinUid 
ncrnrtaty Tor the bounl of ronirnl (Imlln). 
A< the (tmcrnl rlcption in lf*17 hit wm tli-- 
fvnin) at W'Bii'rfr-ril owing lo hi* refusil to 
joiu lLi> Yoiinj* In-loDtl pli^ucal faten toovi>- 
meot. Ht> rvEiiiivd Ins jilnre ut. ttii^ Ixniril of 
eontri>I ubiU Juiiusrt' Is-H*, wli-^u Lorii I'bI- 
moiitnn cpnf«rr?il on hini ih« ilifiliiTimt ic [io«I 
of Itrilith ministi^r at. Alhtmn. Wi-w, vrlxi 
wtt* madii a privy counffillnr nn ri I'oh. Itm>, 
irivcd in Alae-ns in June, and Ihcrumaindvr 
of bin lifo wan titAiliticil with llio oflajn of 
Grei-ce. 

Tb* reUliona of tie BritisL p^teniiuenc 

wiiltQnM* w*M wry strained whva Wjw 

liMStraiMniaiiitnr. FarvtnnllK-nri'i'kitoFnni- 

mcnt hue) refujcd to roiwid'T tcvpral ••■rioii* 

clAimH uud? bj tlic! I^ii^tisli ^vrramriit on 

behdir of Eiij'lUli niibjfCti Hon I'ociSro 

UmI GtNif^ l''in1ii_v aniDug otlic^rn- wbo bad 

b««a wilrnj^eil hv l.lo.-i'k siibjui-lo [tvv Pjci- 

rico, David, nnil FiSLAt, l.itoiwEl. Inriew 

of thn reennt obdnrory of the-. Greeks, Lord 

l^dinerstMi, iritbin n rnnr of Wtm** (wltle- 

mcnt Hi AtliRit*, n-nt tlip fliM»i, nndnr Ibn 

IcoiuinaDil of Sir Wiiliam I'lrW, to Urn 

[Pitwiw ill JuTiuiiry 1850, ud ordciod Wy»c, 

kaboiibi nil ulliiuuTtim provu uiuuccaiaful, to 

l^nnn bonn! llienilniir*rsBli!p(Fi5LiY, Itift. 

fof (Jr'rvf, \i\. i<l9-11l, I-'mtici- irit'^rvt^iii-rl 

(in brhiiK of IJrPTOf.niiii pesce betirecii Kng- 

|Iai><l anil (lint cnuntry wm nt ocio mrtmcnr 

(jewj'nrdiBi'd. but it t-ntltd in n wjfnol iriiiuipb 

*ior \iOni I'tiliui^nlou [trv Tkufi.k, IIkmit 

iJoiix, tliini vitn'ount]. wlio. iii lii.i fnmoui 

'd<"fojicB 'rf his p.>liey iu tlip Huusi^ of Com- 

Inumii. irttmly prniood \\'ynt<'s luaimgi.'uivul 
of Ihc diAiciiii Tatlc of bringing' King: Otbu 
El hi9 tnininlnni lo mnjion ; n C.TI. wa* b*- 
«*d upon bim in npprnvnl of ■ the ahilful 
nnpr in irliicb lio bad condiiclrd thn 
(iwigotialiontniul bfuii^bt tbi-in lo a mri^i'uhil 
Eisaor'.' Whnn tht. glriigt'''^ I'Uiled. Wyw ie~ 
jTot^biiU-wlf to helping rhi>Gr«'kii iuTLli^ntry 
[aad nrlutiir iindirinkinir*, and tlivniiuut'tv 

Srgnl upon tbra thn ohllplinn of lionMty 
1 all rDvtvimttlD ami poliiirnl mliiiioD*. 
Ob UiaapproHcbofiliiM.'fiincnnwnr, bow- 
er, wtMn iueGiV(>kiB<ti.-iiipt('d toiiid ItnuU 
invBilbg; Turkey, \\'y».- ndtciuiti>d nnd 
dDbtaiiMil a joint occupation of th-.' Pirruii 
by Rnjiliili anil Frvncb troops: oiiil.ti'ciirin); 
■m minUtry fnvournbln to t.rnniiiiillity.lie and 
,tbe French envoy rirtimlly a-uvpnifid Grwce 
ivntil ibereturoof pcocc. For thp siiewwwfiil 
^Mnn^^nii^nt of tbtni! dclicntr proonralinir« 
Oin wa» niiul.' K.C.B. on 1*7 Marefi 1 1*57, and 
jfimm ihfrankofiuinintiTplrniwilL-nlmry wm 
'jaimllulbAtofenvoy (.-xtraiirilinurv. Orspce 
juul nev«r paid any iijlen«t on tliu'tuautltHt 



b. 



Iind bonn ffuamnliNid by thn tbrco nroiocllng 

fawm r'ii);land, Fninon, niul iCiifdia — in 
Hnuanr l***! t't>n»«|Hoiitlv in ISfiT, or 
liVy«--'« propuanl. tbf JJriltah (^vcrntDRnt 
cuntH.'d s ojiuiuiuion Iu be Hppninltd by Ihi! 
ibnw inl'.'tt'tiU-d powutx Iu inquire into tbs 
tlnnncinl rrsouiveii of the couDtry. Expcuts 
iviTi' n>nl out by ICnglund and Fratiw — 
lliiiain wn» only repn!«*iit<Hl hy b*r envoy. 
The iDPPtinjrt. wbicb were dinlribuiod nver 
two yvan, were lield nl tin.- IJritisb Icftalion 
under V/ytv't pn-iiidvncy. SrviTal of tbi> 
t«parUwM«writteiibyhiiii.uud ihcycowrcd 
nil acpccia of the econoink tiiid social euu- 
dition of tho country. One of Wj^'t niont 
itapi>rtnnt coniribiilioni itst* hia report on 
cducntion. For th'? piir)KiU'i of tb^ ram- 
miMionliotinrelliHltbroiiL-blbct^'ater part 
of GreMi.' and rpoordi-d liii exiwriHiic-ii in 
two work* ibnt were publl-ibt-d after hiit 
di'Hth. on<> e»lil1ed 'An Plxciirskiu in iho 
IVIoponnMii* ■ (l^'i-'i, 'J vol*. I.uiid iLu other 
'liBp(i!Mion«of (irfvicp\lSTl |, Tlur«>.- works 
werp ciiti'd by hi» niispe MtM Winifred*^ M. 
Wyiw,wliorr«id(Hl with him ni Aihms, and 
BCCUmpanied him on tlitwe tniveli. 

W^sp died at Albens on 18 April 18Ca. 
Tbe kiog ordervd a publir funeral, uud. with 
the queen, stood on tli>> hiili'i'iiv nf the puluce 
IU tbn procoHion jmiiu'd ; ih>' Vrvnch •■nvov, 
.U. IlonrSff, pronoiincT^d nn aDVi'lionntn eiilo- 

fium at tbi? gnyc. Hi* portraii, nnintndin 
(*1(J bv John fnrtridfti- ( 1780 1872) [ij. v.^ 
was ex hi bit I'd in l^ltH nl t be third lonn es- 
hibili'>n ut South KenBinf(lun (No. Si.H)). 

'Wjm bad Mninrkuble oral^cieal i^Htt. 
Hit ratigp of rva<)ing naa widt;, especially 
in RiodRrn lan^'linffs. In addition to FlMlCn 
and Italian, which he caily uDokp liko a 
native, he U'ltrned, wlicn imndlins in tlio 
Eaat, nufficiL'ut .\rabic to trnnalaiu with a 
nuater the ' Caletbisin of thn Uruoei;* at 
the a^-v of forty b-; taught himself Omun 
and Anglo-Saxon (of which be wrat« ■ 
gntminnr), nnd mibanjititnlly Spanish, Port ii- 
giltu'i', Dutch, and Dnnii^h. fie publixlfd n 
tmnibiion from tbi- An(t!o..Snxon of ■Tbi; 
lllstori* of KiiijT l.i'uf nnd his Thrci' IJiitijih- 
li-r*,' nnd from the fJeniiuii of Tiifk lie 
midered ' Little lEed Itidiiig Hood.' a dmnia 
in lireacls. At Athenober'^-rwid tbeOre«k 
clawit* Slid tlie twelve vfiliitiie* of si-niions 
by Si. Jnhu rhrT»oBtoni, of wh>im hp wna a 
great ndmirer; while modiirn (in*k litnm- 
ture woi tlioroujthly familiar to him. For 
bis own amu»emeut h« oiinninmomltsl in 
ver»e nlraost every piuninif event, und hi> 
drvottd his leisure durini; bis later years la 
a work on the antiijuities of .Vth^is, which 
was not {tiiblislied. 
Wyava marrie^ (Marck 1621) vitb 

t3 



Wythens 



276 



Wythens 



Lwlilia, ilflQjilitvr of Luoivn DotMpane. 
pTJncn otV*aitu>, br hi* *eoonc) wife, provml 
unh*p]7. ARer tbe birtfa of two rhiUlrrn, 
both cons. Nipolcon AUrcd and William 
Cli«rl>», Wywa wife laft bim in 1^2'*. nnU 
n dwd of wMratiun waa ai^eil. TliC)' iit^vvr 
tDKOiifiiii. Tbi- IikIv ilivd utViii-rbo in 1^72. 

nf WjubV ivfo vinn, llwi ^Wer, N«rr>l.rAX 
Al.tunD' It'iXAi-AiiTK W»«B (l8^J-l«t.1), 
born in Jiuiiian- IHti'J, (uccnniUd bv n faniity 
onwijpaicnt to llin manor of t^t. Jolia's, 
Wtttcrferd. He vru high ■bcrilTor XVatur- 
ferdin]670,but <pent much lime abroad. and 
ia tail) 14 have Umied uriTaielr tw> bonks. 
■Notiv Mir U Kuui><^ (I^kri*. 1651) luid 
' Fliw* i'irtnvipniM* ' ( I'f ri^ueun, 1869). 
ll<> dinl at I'arit na T Ang. li*9i. 

Thlf ¥011112(7 Mn, \> lU.i^M Chaui.n 

BosAi-ABTB WyftE ( ISL'S IMlJ), bom at 
WatetCciril in Fi'limarv Ifl'U. trntillrd bh a 
young laaa in tlir soutli uf Kunjpv, and 
whtlu at Avignon was much aitracin! bj 
thi" irork nf thn Fflibre*, wbo cUini dwcMit 
from ih« nnrii'nt tmubodoura of VroTnnc*. 
11(^ iuiut^d the iinr.irty and boMBin rh ardent 
atiML'Bt of the iliaUcI, in which br publinhnd 



lAii#liTa* .'J I 



William ^^\lIl*all br FranciM, danghi^r -if 
lUtbeTl King of St. jlarr'n Cr*i-, Krai, tir 
mu a great'rraiidton of I{')b>-it Wjihiav, 
■tdennan uf London, and grandwrn of S^ 
WiUiam Wi ibenj. wli'i wbi slieritT of Krw 
in mo, an<l di-^l at bi» reHdeBCv uf Soulh- 
«iul in T.lw pariiJi uf Ellbuin, vrher« he vu 
bnrifd on 1 Oiy. 18.11. l-'rawi* wa* tdo- 
citliMi at St. .lobtt'n CoU<>K*>i (>xfi:in), wh^litc 
lie matricoUtcd nn 13 Nov. iSHO; be n-w 
gsUrI to (bo bar in ItktO from Ibo MiiUl> 
Temple, of wlikh nocielr lie became » 
boucWin 16dU. Tli<?finit'disttncli\- II 
that W0 have of I''rnnri< ^^\thl■us i- . 
steward of th» franc)iu» court of \V"-.iciiii- 
*t4^, And a* a micOMvlnt candidate for nV>i- 
minitcr in the narliammt Knmmona:^ to rami 
in Uetober XHiH, biit poiipnned bv »aeat- 
•ive nruru{talions iinlil (.JMobcr 1(180, whoa 
Wjlheua found bit> hiwful return disMiij 
bv Sir Ullliflui Walli-r and 8ir WiUiaia 
l'ultvtii'7. A f<cw monihi b«for», wlien [n4f- 
tions in favour of pailiamont's Ix-'ine tt- 
■i>mbU>d wpr* diMurbing lb* rquanii: r 
tbn court, Wythenii 'peeaontod an nJi.r. 
hi* maimlie kom ibe {;nui<l iai[Ucat fi^r iht 



in 1808 a sprien of lyrica under llii- title ' city utWi-atiuinrter, toMifyoinj^thdrelialili* 

' Plarp&iouii Blu' (i.c. rapillon Illi!u).with acdabbi^rreticvof ibe latepclitxmfora inr- 

"" ' ... iianwnt. tliat was carried on tlittre' (Lo- 

ntri.i., i. Jiy For (buexbibittoi)ori«]b» 



a French iraiitkliou and an introduction 
by FrMvric Mi*lral (Viu\a. Sio). Tbis was 
fnllnwrd by a frnjimctit of vi'M>> cnlillod 
'|ji CanK>unCapoiiti«ro' (Plytnc>uth, IS7T), 
nnd '('no Jatiado Ctrrbcnmco' (in French, 
KnglUh.and iVoven^al), nrintfid nt Avignon, 
but dat.'d 81. -lohn's. WnturfoH. 15 Aug. 
iHif. In English Wpua wtutc lomo vi-rj 
hidiffi-reut souuHb: 'In Mcmoriom: the 
Prince Imperial ' il87H),and ' Iviyal Sinves.* 
lowb'hrnlo the jnbilMiof the (juei'n iu IW7. 
H« wn* for »oni? ji>nn a captain of the 
Waterford mililin, nml bocamn in 18'i-> high 
■heriff of bi.i counly. He dird nt Cnnni-ii 
on 3 Dw. it^K!, when hi* brother- iV-libmi 
iuued an account of bia career in froTm^nl 
feee T^mtt, '> Dec. )6S>'J). Hp mnrried, in 
18<i4. ICIb'n Linxee,daught(>rof W.O.Proul 
of St. .VlRhvFi, Cornwall, and l^ft iMuo toae 
•oiu, the ildail of whom, Lucien William 
Boiuiimrle Wy*e, captain of the \Vat*rford 
ait illiT^.tiicceedcdtoihe manor of St. John'*, 
Wati'rtiirJ, iioon the death of hi» iinclo, 
Kaprileon, in ]8(><>. 

[EminrQC Rtformen, I83B, toL i. : I.>>rd 
Ouiigaa's Addrru in O'CannolJ'K ('initfiniiy ; 
Prrcmna'a Journal; Moniing Kt^ixtrr; Wal- 
potfi't Lifu of LaH John liustftl. IS^l. ii. SA. 
921 : Bluif Booki; Uansud; Wjik'h Sp(iiieh»» ; 
hii Works rin Orcocc; prival* pHiii.iT.| 

WYTHENS or WTTHENS. Sir 
FliAXri.S (1634 M7tU). iudge, bom at 
Flthum iibout 1034, was tho only eon of 



wa* knighted on IT April liifO. Nov thil 

{ailinmi'nt had nt li'n^th h««naM«inbl«d,Sir 
mn^i*, ns a mpmlxT, wa* tlw lir»t who Wat 
rhnr){nl nith hi* nrtian na 'on rnhkuxna^oa 
the ground that this wax on ofliuice ag*ia« 
thy rightiof the people: and upon eTidwM 
taken and bis own conlVuiun bewasonicnd 
Iu be «X]H>lled the hoiiM, and 10 r«ceiv# hii 
eeotenc^ on hi<^ knreo at the bar. ' Vot 
being a lawyirr,* (oiil the aprakor in hi* ail- 
drc-uln him, ' havo oftntdtd again*! yoot 
own profeMion ; you havct oAcDdml ^iut 
yoiineir, your own riiclit, your own hbmt 
a« an Knalisbmiin. Tbi* is not only acriii' 
Dgainot the living, but a crim« agaiatt lh«p 
luihorn. You are diHn«n>b<4«d ttvm ilif 
body.' A few day* after thi* faumi'^-^^T" 
act of expuUion, IhnooiDtniltei' on II. 
tionagainat hii tvturn rvparicd that hi — . 
not been duly elected a member of thi 
houae. Koger North, in liis relation of ihi 
aevare ttealmenl accorded to Wylhea*. illo- 
miuato llie circiiiii4tane« by a reading i4 
Ilia character. * lie wa* of inoil^rate caf«- 
city in the law, but n voluptuary ; and mi 
are commoniy vr<TT limid.oDi), in groat <££■ 
cultiri, abject ; olborwiie be wa* a t«c7 
gontlc piTion, what wo* calW a very banal 
man, nnd no debtor to the buttle. Sow 
cunning pei-iona thai bad found o«t bii 
fuible oud iguorauce of trap first put bin ^ 



\Vythens 



»77 



Wythens 



• ^rcat firiglit, lulling Men hn would c«r- 
tAinlj W liaDB«l iu= Ilie ringlcjulvr of nil this 
biuinew, nml iln'n t.hi-y fl^Idl(■<l liim off with 
B<lvic« whicli wn» the buM way for hiin to 
MCap. lleniiiKt by no in«tna jualify wW 
Ii0 liAiI Aane; no. I but iruuld bul irtitatr, aiid 
ifae liouM would luahe thvir exuiiiplM of 
thot* wlio diMiii[i-<l upon tbv ri^'hi, which 
thfiT w*ro rvf"lved to vinijicdt* to tho l«*t 
di'ifr™. . . . Xow thfMw KKro mniiy f[>llaiit 
fipiillemcn in the hoaiu' of gtiral vitnti'i and 
mtcruils in tbrir t»iiiili», who witp frirntl* 
to th«»« >bli<:>irer), and would hsve doau tlii« 
ICvnileoiBn all Ihi' svrvict' they could. It lie 
bad nol lott buu«vLf by hi« behaviour : tliat 
u, if lie had Mood iDanfliUj to whit be had 
done, and donUrvil that ho knnw no law h« 
had brokm, and would jiutlfv bimHRir. Bul 
instead of thin, or anythinjt like it, bi- stood 
upinbia pliu.-c. and nflcr a few wliimpiTs 
and a wipe, h« said to tliia circul, rii. that 
fall did ^ruuole and carry up that abbur- 
rrncr, but he knew al the lime be »&< iu 
ibu wfon^, only b* ihoiipbt that it won Id 
pli-asc tllD Itin^c; and on owning lhi> thin^ 
waaaKainit law, imirBi>(l piirtioii. Thi»*nenk- 
ing Ciouu^-olf so diiirfuicti^d fxea his rHonda, 
that tliey j<iiuL>d all with llie country parly 
and wilfi one conaenl imxiVi^ contraflt'-enlf 
kicknd him out of the boiift", as oni? nol fit 
for itrnllrjnr^n'a company ' (XoRTit, Eianu-n, 
p. 51»). 

M«i[iwhilp Wytlions had bw.n piirauinji 
faia curwr as an ndvocalt?. On^ii Nor. 1(179 
bo wan rmj>luy(.>d as couiuu'I Iu drfvtid Tho- 
tnar Knot on an indiftiufnl at^uinKt bim and 
John l,an<> for a cotn-pirsry !•• dt-fnnie tbu 
ii(itari<)iian'ilnfs«catoib>> ]iopi*b 'ploi.'Tilns I 
C>«tt!a and William Diiiln--. Iliiriipnl Knox ' 
V»a pondtmned. but., tlinnki to hi* rxcrtiona, 
■wM lei off with a mope mt'rciful a«ntp.nea | 
titan Chtef-Jiislivu ^m^m waa wont lo pru- 
■tonnn*. }|<^ aUo aasl-iltid in the proa-cut iuu 
of ll-nry Can-on 2 July 1080 for a libel in i 
nuMi.ihitiK "Thfl Weekly Packet of Advice I 
from Itomc,' npntiug »Qni« of llic tricks of 
popery, I ' ndcr Scrogga'* ancccMof , Si r 
Francis P«nbcrloii[n.v.l, Wytl^»1lsWll.1«m■ 

J^oy^■'d bv the crown in lh<-" cascntif Kiiward 
'iLtbarria, ihe Earl of Shnfli-sbury, and 
Conni K->ni|i>tiiurh r bi> iiau:? hImi appears 
in '[*. Joncs't nnil in nartb->lnni<<w Showar'a 
•Report*.' and ho was pvidontly n kwyar of 
fair aicmRe ubility. Itiirnni, thareCm, ia 
•carv'-ly jusillied in snyine tliat huipraaMit- 
iDgibaaddmeuf abborrMi^i' and coniMfu^nt 
SXpul*>on from th« House of Coniuions won 
the cmlj me'rit that caused Uia vluvution tu 
tho bfincJi. Ihilht'D waa supeneilod on 
SO April IGK} ' bticaiWA be ia laken to be a 
peraon uoi w«Il aflaciad totha juii warranto 



ncniii't thii cbart»r of ihe city of t/oadon.' 
Tfirep dnys lalnr Sir Francis Wyihi-na, 
baviuj; bei-n callinl acrirant for tln' nnrpoae, 
I wo« made a judpi of llio king'a Iicnnli In bia 
I placp, au'l showed hi« Rubst-rt-icncu nnxt 
ti-nn by concurring in th« jiid(fuieTii Dtiainst 
the city, tie woa aucoeeilvd ai steward lo 
Ihe courli at WmiminMer br Mr. Buuilbon. 
W'ylhi^na waa in tbn cnmiui>aion for tho 
trials of the persons implicaind In ihi- Rye 
iloiue plut. but ha look no promini-nt part 
in iheni. He naa one of the jiidfri'i on the 
IrinIa of HuMi.-Il and Sidney. Ui> demeanour 
to the accuM'il throughout the procvedia^ 
was not marked in the leaal degtDe by 
hanbiuw* or vial«nc« of language, bul ba 
waa evidently, aa N'onh dnanribn* biro, so 
weak and timid a man that be bad not tbo 
couragi? to differ from bis morn H'»olutn_ 
I rhiKf*, and he inturns] u larj;'^'' "hare 
odium thaii ifae other jud^'i-s frvim his beinj 
I ftctordintr to the form of the court, tfc 
inoulhpircn which pmnonniM'd nioit of tl; 
BanluncM. K»p!¥nox[iWJj>r>» indication 
account, of Sir Prancii's prnji-nci' al a cit 
neildiuKOn 6 Dw. 10^3, when Iip and (.^lifiE 
juiiic- JefiWa danced with thi- brides nnd 
wcTi! ' cTrnptrmir toerry, ppeudiiiij thu rwil of 
till.- afternoon till eleven al niu'ht ilrinhinffj 
liputthn, tnhinf; tobac^ro, and lalkinj; Wnoatb 
Ibp (.-ravily of judfrcs, who had a dny or two 

fill reality a f.>rtuiKhtl before- rooilrmncd 
Ir. Algernon Sidney ' (Viary. ii. ISKI), On 
(.'karlM Il'a deulh in February IDM Sir 
fmncis recpived a new pati'ur, and iu tliA i 
rolloirInK Xovirmbpr waa eleelcd rworJer of' 
liinpilim-on-Thamcj. He lri<^ and pro- 
nounced K'nlpnce upon Titua llatiai foi- p«r- 
iury on Itl May IwM, and n f-u- month* ^ 
later he accompanied Chiuf-justice Jpflrcy»-^ 
upon ibe wetEeru aaaize. Ilis career of 

Sliant tubaervience upon thf bL-nt'li wai tud- 
nnlv arr<vtled nhoiil fighi.ei'U wortths laler. 
On I'S April Iil87 I.nllrfU wfil..r : -Sir 
Francis W ithena, a jiidtro of l!i<' kiiiit*" bench, 
bath his [[uiHui; ibis ia said to bi^ occa- 
siuned by his [concurring in Hfrbcrl'a] 
upiuioii touching one Hale, a soldier. ccn> 
victfid for ruiiuiiif; from bis coloui'- ut Brrk- 
ubiri' asiiiwa' (LrrrnELt, i. 401). For re- 
fiiaiiitc to peB> a dt'alh-sentenci' upon th« 
daaertrir at the king'a bi*ncb, Wylh'-n» wag 
removud, and 8ir liiRlianl .Mlilioni' pvomotrd 
in his iiead. Shower r^piirta that on tho 
neil day Wythens came dowB to Wc»t- 
minaIt^r Hall and practised a* a strjeflnl, a 
fact which «fems tu indicate bla reliance 
upon the popnlarilv <>f his dMi^ioii. 

After the Hevntulion. on 17 May IdSfl, 
Wytbena had to appear befor(> the bar of tho 
House of I.onla in company with bia broths 



judRM lo siT* rpaviM tot Uia jaJgiMent 
agaiuM UaiV*. W^iheM pt««tM 0»t ho 
bad arriT(<l 01 ihff iw^nvBt and natitwc 
W a rarcfiil itiidvof nmccdi'iiti.cillniiCuli^, 
Itmcton, aad tbr'ltiblii (iv Nabal). A w<wk 
IntPT, howerrr, iho iad^iBonta wrre pro- 
nouniftd urrootvu* (flUt. MSS, Cvmm. titb 
Ttif. App. vi. ''-^I). UtWn of Ui de- 
cLuooa were prwnoiinc*!! 9rtiittai7 and Ulngal 
<a. pL 197), whilo in llin lloitu ofOaiBMon* 
ki* concunpncc in rim opinion in ftvonr of 
Ifai! Iiin(r'« (lupnijinii ooww irai odrerwly 
eumini-nloi) upon, wii'i llic rviuU tlial lu; 
vna plawd upon tliv litl of thiT(T-on(> pvr- 
•OM alio irpro ^xcvpled out of (lie ad ot 
Indamnily. ftejonri rfae inaertiou or liia 
BUM in the act an4 the rraioval from lli* 
nconfenhipaf Kin(prtoii^D>TliaiBe* it wouU 
■ot appear that be wat riaitod with any 
penallT. 

HvHunived lii* diachaiKc until Mavl70l, 
nliea ho died al h>» tMideoee of Soatheud, 
ElthaiQ, and ira* buried in the church there 
on 12 May. Tin mnrri«d, in WettiDioMer 
Abbpy tut J) Mar iS^i, Klii«b«th, daashler 
of Sir Thomai Taj-lar, lirrt haronat, of I'arh 
JIoiiHr, MuitlHtcnc. who, if Ihn an-ouni itirm 
bj Mr. Maiiltr in the ' New AtaUnti* ' ia to 
beoreilit«d, Ihoujjhclevuraud wilty, broiigbt 
no comfort lo her husbouil, and ao(|uitvd for 
faartolf a vot^ bnd roputalion. Tbat »he iu- 
Tolvcd him in Mriniiii oKpoMeA appears from 
an action brnutiht o^inK, hint in 1693 for 
extraragaut nailny in drrMua and millinary, 
which 111' wan ohliiJifd to pay. Wythcna Mt, 
by bcr nil only daujjlitcr, Catherine, who 
manii^i} in lilOSir Tuomaj.jnandMti of Sir 
HoiP-r Twydden [g. v.] Aflur ibu death of 
Sir Francis, hiR widow married Sir Thomaa 
Colop^wr, laat faaronvi, of Preston Hall, 
AjlMlbrd, who b atotRd to havn formerly 
been ber jialluiit. The iudse'ii name wa* 
■pelt varioualv Wythciu, WitUeiu, Wiltiinii, 
Wythiiw, aII^! Wiibiiig*. 

[FiBttr'ii Alumoi Oion. 1500-1711; I^Kaie't 
Pealnreu of th* Kiilxhtc Bh-iviI'ii Kent, «1. 
DTa1l^ 188S. i. I9S; ClJciler'a Wcntminaur 
AbSoy Reciter. j>. 21; ArchnoViKiu CinrUni, 
t, S». Lutlrcir* Itri.Y Hiil. Keliihcpii, vol. i. 

SUHJin : Brelyn'* Diary, luilei. i.t. 'Wit bins*.' 
oraet'aOviiTimo.i. 48I.MJ.arJ; MacauJay'* 
RiaL IBSa. ii. laa: sin. Hni>l.'.y'> Nernl Mc 
moir* fnun tbe »w AinUnti*. ]709i Sinte 
Trinlfl. vii. 801, II3J. liii. 20B. im, ii. lA; 
Volion'a BuKrnoInK*. i. 218; Pari, nint, t. 
UM-H : North'* Riiuiinn. p. AI9 : hiilI the ei^d. 
tanl memoir in foHiJiulgua of Kngland. 1801, 
Tii. aSf-8.I T. .1. 

WYVILL, CHRISTiiI'IlKK (1740- 
182'Jt, acJvocale i>f pDrliiuitentriry refortn, 
bom at Edinburgh in 1*10, wa'a the aon I 







of Edward Wyrill Id. 1701 ), 

rxrifc at Kdiaburjcli, Iit Chriatiaa 

nae, dai^tcr of William CJIiAoa ot EAk 

burah. 

The name of Wyiite ii found id tlw Battb 
Abbey roll, and the family traoe ihar 
nrtligrf* willkout any tirealt back to St 
Itkhard Wyvill, who was slain at Towua, 
tlw unsnmed dcKvndant ot Sir Uamfkn 
of ^^ alwonb noil ^lingvby Caallr, who 
o<cr with Witliani ibe Conijifeiur, 
same family, without dmibl. wm 
Wyril, a BaliTe uf Stantnti Wyii] 9 
cciftaniiirw, who in llfit*, deapite bi 
bnivrad MfMW and illiieralc niUd, 
iMMniiuIed to tha eoe oi SfttialMuy. tie 
iwco\-cred tbe «*tl*af Sbcrbarrw for tbi *■ 
fmn William do Uontacuiei, earl of Sabi- 
bury.and ia taid U> bave b^nn ifae lM>iUiB| 
of the bamma qiir« a (cw jrear* befei* te 
dMtb at Sharbome on i S«pt. IX\ X 
brautifnl MoaaHKBt wontBemoratvs bin in 
tho Biirtb and of tht ttMtrm tisaMpI of 
SaliibttiT Chtbednd (we DoMwoBTit, Sib- 
ftarv, mi. pp. 1.1 4. 210-liy Sir MaflM- 
duke WyTill (<f. 16IB) of Conatabl* Bortda 
in the North ltidiii{{ wu kni^hTi-iJ by tja*^ 
Eliaabath, wac crrated a bar«n»t bv^Jamnl 
on -i^ Nov. 1611, aod liea in the north c>k 
of .Maaltam church, Itedale, under a can- 
broua narbla laaaument (mm WunauiL 
AMiteianiMtrv, ii. 108). 

^ Mannadnke'a irr>'«i-gra-< ' 

CHRiatOrBBS WlviLLI 1*514-1' 
baronet, of Ocmatable Iturton, l.i:>Tt-'>i -n 
n Dec. ItlU, wba waa M.I>. f..r lEich»aU 
in 1880; baa biien crediled with a ram liiilt 
octavoinlbeBodl«ian Library cntit led 'Cet^ 
taine •erioiwThiOUgbta which at aevcrall liaM 
Si upon sundry oQcanom bate Btolten ibm- 
Mli-ea into vurae Bad nou- into the nalilllt 
view from the auiboc [moiuigrain, ' C ''< 
ICaquin). Togeiberwilbacliran>olo(!>'--u- '' 
denotoinz tb«> nameaoffacbl*rincaa«inJnl 
tbo neiRlibor atat«» & w»re con-Utupcaaiy 
with our Knfili'li Kinin* ( l^mHin. W'li. 
This volume of renc i« di-^t-ribed ut »<a< 
Imij^h in Brvdp«'!i * tVojiura LiteL. 
fleO^ vii. S'll'-l), and there .lobioii.ly «: 
huted to C. Warvrick. Tbe W.-k-rill arm 
Iho tit1o-pag« point almoat co'nclutinlj 
(Sir)Chrislnpher'naulbor»bip. whMbitct 
jectiimlly ndiipteil in the Britiili Muar^ 
Catalot[uu (cf. ll^xi.iTT, ttitidbtak, p.<iil: 
IUlkbtt and Laixu, col. 3.'>l>. Tbc t^ 
baronet wva nlM tho auth<ir of an *■>>■ 
papal duodecimo entitled * Tlw Pt«teawa> 
of the Triple Crown ' (London. 1672). H» 
married I nula, oldeal daagbler of CoonH. 
lonl Darvy, 
Tho third baromrt'a younger md, ClouW* 




Wyvill 



2~,9 



Wyvill 



pWn'vv;i1(1IS.^I-1710).wafl<Jeancirmpnn 

TI>p ihinl b»t™i»r*rli3.T«in, Sir Willinni 
Wyvill {d. 1684), foufih hnninci. Iiiid a 
j-oiinfr(!r*on,I)ircyWviiUirf.3 Jail. 1731 'A, 
toWeclot in excisf for iK-rljy, who waa griiiiJ- 
fnlher uf Cliruto[>1ii!T. ihc-wililical rufuruK^r. 
Tfap fouKb hiiMin-r* I'lJesI MM, Sir M»r- 
tnadiikv (li. ITi'i^l, M.I', fi^r ItirlimriDil fr<iin 
OetotHir l^fl,^ i.i Jiilv ItllJS, «,b» fnlhi^r nf 
(1) Sir MArmiiiiiiki'(</. I T'l^Jj, tixth lioroiiPi, 
nhn u-uii «imc)iniod imstiuustcr-Konuriil of 
IreUiKl in hcbriiiuT 1736; and of (i')Clm»- 
topluir (<A \~'t'.l),A BiuTfwiful place-tiuTitpr. 
wBOM uBugliit-r EliinMli I liy lii» 6m wifv) 
Wuii- xn h^iri--^ on tlir ilrnili in 17.'^3 of 
bervncln. SirMnrni»(liiki-.>ixth l)nmnnt,flnd 
nmrricd Iht ciitinin (.'hrittopIiT itJ-i- hi-low); 
wbib hii iwn (hv liit scpaiid wiiV-l, Sir Mrtf- 
BudukiF Asly Wyvill 11710 17711, waa 
avTMilli baroiipl. and )iif(li «li<?rl]T uf Yurk- 
thire in 177^1, uiid oii bis dvHib witbuul ititiLU 
on 23 F*ib, 1774 Tlit« bnri>oetcy bei!flni» dor- 
mmnr — ibi- Hdfst ■imivini; nin1« brancli cf 
tlw fnioily In-inir iloniicili.'d in Amarieo. 

Chrirtophct SV'yvJU wu i>diicnt«d nt Cnin> 
b^idsl^, (itiiiiiiinK iho hononvry Acgrcf of 
liL.D. frmii (jiiteim' CdIIukp in 17li'l. Oii 
1 Oct. 1773 li« murritfd kincoiiBiii Etixaln-lb 
tlic heirMs, and parly u«it yvitr i'uui<? in for 
tbe UrgH tatirlcd mUXe* of the fKinily in 
Yorbhin^ and cluowbon, and the nmininn 
at CooKlabla liunon, Ibo baildifi^ of wliidi 
he oaoBpletud fram liiit oouMn, Kir Miirmn- 
<Iu1ii!'b, dwignt. Hb bud aamc yvnrt pre- 
TiOunly ulctfa ord'-rs and btirn pmviilvJ 
tliroiigh his coa«in'aiiifliiv(ici> to tbv rwtUiry 
ofninrkNiirJi^io K*wx,wliiclilicc<>titiniied 
t/i bald and adminialnr by nii-An* of i> riimlf 
down lo -22 Sirpt. 1*00. I)clinm>a ihougli 
Ik- wan froui imtorinff tin.- Hnu»i? of C^iramcm*. 
Wr»ill Bwjn bfifpin lii lokt- a prominfnl part 
in oounly )<olilic4. In 1771) be waiiappuiiilt-d 
8eerct«ry of ibe Yorkaliire AMOcUtion.wliicli 
liad for it* primnry object* to «liorl(ii lh« 
duration of pnTlinmcntii and to ^HjiintiMt thn 
I rcpmcotatinn. IL- nonn nftf fwnrd» l»i«?,imi' 
I ebairman of clic auocinlion. drew up n circu- 
lar letter cnunciaiiii);[ii<puliti<:al>outimi!nta. 
aiid took a leading parL in drunin^ np lliu 
great Yorkaliiw.i iwliliou pmH-rilcd tuparlia- 
iin>ntfiiif'r''b. h>iO. A iiiiiiibi>rof uiodurste 
TCbigi, includinff llornrn ^^'Hlpllle, rt^garded 
Wyffiir* 'raanifpAlo' «.» Hiiinpriral. "Von 
loM mc,' tomnliiiiii-'l Wnlpoir lo Mnvoii 
(Ua Mareli 17W1), Mbat be win ii »en«blo 
man. flow irould bu n-t bis unmu to «iicb a 
1 perfonuanci'^ I never saw sii(!b a oumpiui- 
I tion of obscurity, buinbanl., and fulilitv. nor 
1 a pioen n> liable Co be liir<i--d into ridicule. 
I ... In *hort, my dear frioiid, wo shall loici 



th«l 



vul<«| 



the 



ull ths beneRt of the prvscnt 4pirii by tha 
whini»i«R of mrn tJial bavii nol conimoiv- 
n'lim-, nnr enii riprcs* oviin what xhey mean.' 
Sir Cpfii Wmy wroir in n nimilor almln. 
and KockinRliiim liimKU' compUinud oft): 
leal of ihv aaaoalntion l«aiden,nnii wautc 
lo kiiuw if thr%' bad ens cotuidertd 
prjctiL-ubility of tIip annual parliatucnt 
which Iboy r«coinm<?ndm). ^yvill's lyin- 
t«ntion wni ibnt ibr unarailing pnnmctign 
of tilic Anifiric.nn wnr and tbe rsjii-ndiluri' of 
jfvciityinilliousof mrinfy wcfpduepritniirilT-,1 
Ii'jl to tUi: niBbof I he people, but lo ibe vu 
uf tbv inembFra of [u« cl>»p boDii^^bs. i 
lliat xueb a daii^rnuA d«<r<!Ct In (be rupr 
HVDtat^tv *y»I«n> nvpilrd an innlani r^nit'dy, 
Tbe Haaociation. of which ^Vyl'ilI hi^cnuiit 
' tbc bnckiioni-.' had ibc »ympniliy of many 
»tnt''smtti, ineludinjt I'ilt ancl Charlm FoXj 
Biid with greater modpnttion Wyvill yroul 
uud<)iibl(.-dly bate iohievpd morn than 
did. Aa il vru, a cOinuiitt««, uiili Wyvi] 
at ita head, was appointed to coniiniwi r' 
propaganda by rnrri>]ipnndenc*', nod tho ' 
nmpli' of Ydrluliirn tta» riipiiily followod I _ 
Middli'ncx, (Jhcater, a«d other CQUTHi» to tJi" 
number of iwonly-five. Witli the ccuatiou 
of tbe war, however, and tbe fall of Lord 
North, rhe ii'tsociat ion Moii became disint 
grated, and Wyvill bad the mortification i 
woing one after nnollicr nf bin noble coL' 
Ixt^w ilockon In th^ir zoal and iiiinlly i* 
oft', only n few remniniujf ItiU' In the ciiu*». 
.\mon(i the few who ittrv iinuiicb werw Sir 
G(«)r[[v 8uvili-[(i.v.jaudSiTCbarlixiTunieri 
wli-i B poke nfthelluaBeofConimoiiaas rawan- 
hlinj; H parcel of ibietM that had sioW Uk 
e»tate and wer^ afraid of let.ling any par* 
»nn look into their title-dflodn for lear of 
loiiiiit ii (cf. Daly, Itadical i'ioHm-a of the 
Kiffhlffiilh Cnituri/. IS?*6, p. IISI. Wyvill 
ttronaly disapproved of the wnrwithFrauW", 
lo which be Dttribntt'd the industrial dia- 
Ireaa iu Y'orkabirv, and ihia completed his 
alienation from I'Jtl. In 1793, irltb h Ti«w 
nf thrr>wmg into injurion* mlicX Pitt'a 
former elastic ripwn on llio subject of par- 
liamentary reform and tho policy of reaction 
induced by tho evenln of 17S9-3:,'. be pub- 
liiibed in pamphlet forui ibe currespoudeiicfl 
that badpiused between them, Souii:^ ^upple- 
inenlary lellersappt'an-d ni X.-wcawIe in u 
furxii'fr irroeAurr, and boib iiad n lirenuilc. 
Wyvill atlflched himiuilr lo tho exlrvmcat 
nv.lion of th« oppojilion li-d by Vox. nml b« 
itofiuidcd in a abort pamphk-t (dnied Itiir- 
tan Hall, 10 Jan. litK)| the seceuiiou of 
i'99; afler Fox's death be ga\e hi» sup- 
port to WhJtbread and the peac«-al-any-pric« 
party. 
In the Rieantirae ho had found ahurVing 



Wyvill 



380 



Wyvil] 



occupation in tbi.' pR^nralhnof his toIu- 
BinouacomtpODdciiceluriJuMicatioii. Tlirw 
voluinM a(i[H^HrKl In 1794-A u ' I'olilicsl 
Papers, cliiefly rc«pi>piin|^ tli«i At.trinpi of 
th* CountT nt ^'nrk and nihrf eontiilnrnhln 

Diitrielii, e<)inni>!nci^ in 1779 10 oRi-ct a 

l{«roniiatiaii or Ihi' E^krliIlIn«nl of (iruat 
BriUin. CotWied br ilit- Ker. Chriitopker 
Wjrvill, Chairmau i>( \\w lalt> LAJinmiitcv c( 
AHOciatioii ' (York, 8vo>. The prvr&c« u 
dalPil Burton Hull. Si! Mn;- ITM ; in Jiinr 
18(M Wyrill wroli' the prvftcf t.i n fourth 
volume, nnd th« (iii]wr» wi-re cventunll.v 
concluded in»i». IV-y ■.■xhibit not untyilii; 
procvfdinfpi of ihu assoi'iulion, but thv srio- 
palhy at all IbuMf oiititiiji; it who wer« i'nl«- 
rMt«tl in the reform of parlisraeut. The 
COrrMpondimn] include l«tt«ra betWMn the 
C^kirmnn of tb« MMidation uid, nmnns 
others, the Uuhe of Orufton, Ijord llnllDQiI, 
Lord IiiniKlowni!, I.ord .SlntihiuK', L'liur[(.-s 
Fox, M^or C-arlwrigbt, Caiwl LdlTl. \\i\- 
iitta Mmod, William STricl(litti<l,nr. Printt- 
ley, Dr. Pric^, llishop \\'Bt»rin, Tom I'liin^, 
Oranvillo Slinrpc. I'r. .Tohn Jfbh, Sirdenrpn 
Bnvili'. nnd Bi-Hjamin Ffniiklin. 

In riuw of ilii- hniifli'Mtii^H of purliii- 
niHntary rvfurni Wytiilrfluriii^d in Ulvr lifo 
to hi» early cnlhuBiaaiu in the cauw uf uni- 
rer^al iok'ratt[-n. ' The ohjwit nearest to liife 
heart w»» to ohtdin n'licf ff>r tin- Romnu 
catliolii^*,' nnd he [itihlislind aoTfrii! pitra- 
jihlct* ill »iijiport of lii» vieiv». Iln dfinl nt 
nil K-'iit, ItiirtoTi Hull, ncnr liiKlale in the 
North HidmB, on S Mnrch IWS. at ilie aRL- 
of eij'lity-tTk'L''. Biid wiis buried Ht 8penni> 
ihorne; a purtruit i« in po^teMion uf bta 
grpM-irrnndsori, MnrroKdnhe IVArey Wyrill, 
e*q., M.P., now of Comrtablp Burton. 

l!i» lifit wifn diwl ill l.ondon on '23 July 
17S3. «)(>•"! 15'*. H(! innrriixl, irKondIv, on 
8 Ann. 17S7. Sornb. dnu^'btM of J. Codling, 
and by hvr had isMie, with tn^verul dauf^h- 
ter*, thr«« Mins, all ediicaled si Eton : 
Mannsduke Wvvill (1701-18721. M.P. for 
York city from Mnrob 1S20 to July Irt.tO 
(»rc (?iirKTSi:j. Pari. Hut. </ (hrmrnll, p. 
xxiv); ChrintoiibRriii.v.JinndHdwnrd.mclor 
of Fiiiffnl in York'bin-, who difd "n 15 Si-pt. 
18t!y{Bt*F(BT!:R.,'f/niii7ii0.ron. 171.1-1880). 

Apurt frtim hin lyimwp'nideijeu with Pilt 
And the polilicul ci.vrtwiifiiiilenee, commonly 
■Doke-n I'fns ibe * W'r^ill Ps^i-rs" [see under 
Sivii.r, Sill fttamoi;], Wyviil'n writings^ 
for the mint part, ■hiliinit trncln in ndvooncy 
of mdipn! rcflirm — includi^: 1. 'Thoiijrbt* 
on our Arlicka of HeMirion with rrnpvct to 
their I'ropuied L'titity to (he State.' Ijondon, 
1771, 4(o. »i-eral editions (ef. Jehb, H'orkt, 
ill. I : Jlfni?r% Jteviro: xlv. -jm. 2. ■ Let- 
ters M tlie Coni[niiIei.> of Beirut od the pro- 



1 iuneni ^H 



riha 



doomI ItefarmilioR of the i'arliuneni 
IreUod.' 17»1'. -Ito, 3. 'Summarr Eif 
nsiiou of the Principle of Mr. Pin's iat^ndsd' 
Rill for AiiMnding the Hepn-H-ntationof t^ 
IVopIn ill l'arliain«nt,' 1 7*5. Svo. 4. ' A " 
' fmce of lit. tVicv and the Uttformtm 
I KngUnd,' ITSl', ^n> (• fairly well 
plaa fur reform, with wiroc nifli-ctioiui , 
'the Au«t«C eluqupnc? of Mr. Burke').' 
* A Stalcofthe Iteprewctation of the P->ip 
of Fnglan<] on the IVinr iple« of Mr. I'lII : 
ITtiK. with an Annexed Sketch of Add 
tional Propoiiitionii,' Yiwlt, I79C}. 8to. 
' Connidcntlioiw on tlu> Tvofold Mode 
Electioni odc^trd in Fmncv,' 1801, 
7. 'ASeriuasAddnmioall tli«Iitd«p 
Eleciora of ilie L'niied Kiturdom,' U 
tfvo. 8. ' A more exleniM IH»CUM 
Fsroiir of Libenr of Coiwdencs 
mendod," 1808, Hio. 9. • Inloh-nM»cc, 
Dif^ceof (rhriiitian*,not iheFsolt of 1 
IteliKion,' 18(je,Svo (cf. Qnartertti R-r 
ii. ail). 10. 'An ApoloRj- for the P. 
tionnrsfor Liberty of <_ onscinn or,' l^li; 
11. 'Paper* on Toleralicu,' l^lO.Bvo^ 
rditioni.)- 12. 'Potiticsl and Hi 
AriTKiienti proving the Xucmnly of 
linineniary Ibifonn,'S vol*. 1811, '8vo>. 

[Whitak«r'» II>>C iif liMhmoD'iihira. 1813, 
iZi {pnliarM): Foster** Vorfcahir* Pwdijin 
Wotion'aBriKiint4ns*, I7TI, i. 100; Bodca'sl 
tincc Baronatagn, ji. 331 ; Bnrfc*'a Ooma 
nnd I.ani!>d Uaaliy: Ontl. ILtg. 1833, i. 
Piiblid I'liaraelfW. il. IHUS-T, p. 841; W« 
fo\tt Coriupondencr. nd. Cuaninghnni, tn.' 
343. 347. and Walpoliana, ^ 01 : Lorl AO^ 
mnrlu'it Mcmuimnf ths Unrijiiis of Rockitiiha*^ 
ISAS.rol. ii. chap. SIT ; Cormpoadvon if Wil- 
linin Wilberforcr. 18to,L61: OiBcial ftMsnu 
of MniiitH'n of pHrlianoct ; Wnti'i BililimtiKa 
Brilnniiiot; Wjeill Paper*; Brit. Uus. Cat.I 

WYVILL, CHRISTOPHER (17W-H 
1803),TeaT^u<luiiral.secutidaon of Christo|>fatC^| 
Wyvill [q.v.,. wsabornonUMav 171*2. Hcfl 
(rnlnrmi the navy In 18(W, wrveO in ih* T^ 
bunn frientn in thn Channid anil in the Fane 
in the Mrdiierrnnpjui. Fmio l8lu 10 1S13 
ho WBE in Ibe I'lianica with (Sir) Oiorlia 
Xupicr [ij.v.]. and in the Voloutairv nifh ^h 
Capiaiti i.iranville George WaldfgraTe 'M'V'T^I 
fn .May 1813 be nan appointed liouie'naDt ^^ 
of thnKingfi»hersloop,l>t'a«iiiv ardor which 
wni confirmrd on 5 Julv. He aftfTwai^^— 
nr.rrud on th« llnllfai: n&^ hoi»n ^taliocu till^| 

tromotcd to ho commander nn2II July lfjtf^^| 
11 April 1827 he WB9 appointed tnibe'Caai^^l 
leoti. then in the MediU-rtaiieDti, and, taliii^^l 
a paaaa^e out in tlie Dartmouth Wif^r, %Wl- 
ceeded in prorenlinp what ibreatcaod tobn 
s terrible BCcideDl. Soine of ihe ttten had 



Yalden 



381 



Yalden 



got ai k cask of rum, and in dravinf; olT the 
spirit net il 011 fire. Wj'vill roluutwrvd 
for tLo aerviw, and, witli oue of t)u' ).-uiiiii-t'i4 
lUAlM, plDg|t#d the caek and exiin^iiiKliod 
tti* flamM. In thti Cacnelron ho wni> pm< 
plo}'od on llin cnoit nf (irrnen nnd in tlic 
MipfiTiHaiini nf pimcy. In Dcrlobfr 181*8 he 
wan appoiiiii-d 10 ilie Atin. flait>liip of Sir 
PultMii'j' Mntcolu ['l-v.l whom in April 
1880 he follow^ ii> tlie Driuiinis. Wlieo 
the Tiritnnnin jmid off hn wn* pnimnifld to 
bn rtinlnin, 5i Vi-h. IS^i. Krom IMO to 
1847 ha oimmandcd rh« Clcopfttrn on thn 
?>orlh AcDi-Ticati itution, and nlti^ivardH al 



llie Cape of Good IIopi", whpre froin 1814 
bL(- waa nliuofrt cciiitinuouslv eitiplmed in ^ 
riippi>u«ing; thnnlav^ Iredi' on tli« «iuii coea 
of Africa ( Eli Rim \, l.i/r of Sir GraffrM 
Itom&y, pp. 31' S). from I islfl to 1 S53 ^^y viD 
wa>nf[ain im lh« Cnpr- ofliooil Hopi- slat ion 
in caminand of tlie Ciiitor ; and fwiu Juno 
1654 till 31 Jan. )t<Ui. when 1>'.- attainiitl llie 
rank of rear-admiral, iw n'a»sii)M-H[iI<rudvnl 
of Chalhaoi dochj-ai'd. He ili^) a< i)ie 
Orans''. IWsl", YorlnJiirf, on 'id Jan. ISSS, 
«^pd 71 (Gear Mog. IflW. i. 3lW). 

[O'Byrne'i N'*t. Biogr. Diet. ; L'nibd SoTTic** 
GoEtitc.7 Feb. laSU; Ani-yLifU.! J. K. L. 



TALDEN,TI10MAS(16:0-I"36),pool, 
WM Km of John Ynldrti, 'a pnpp of rlic pru- 
dence uud groum ut' the cliDuibtT In IVincE 
Chartee, &rt«r<i'ardii a suficm fur liia cHiise, 
and an exciteman in Oxford after the re- 
atorstionof KingCIiarliMlt 'lAVoDii, .IfAnwr 
OtVH. cd. BliM, IT. (Mil ). Hi' wn» bom in 
tbti pariih of St. John Bapliit. Oxford, on 
3 Jan. l(Klfl-(0, and pdurnti-d nt Muttdniuu 
Callegs achool while he was a cliurister of 
that hoiue. He luatricululed un 'M May 
188A, and in 1t<lKlh« W8» aJniitleil n di'iuy 

of 3ilner1al'>n C'nilcg*-. He gmdiiaU-'I It, A. in 
Itml. >I.A. in I61M, U.K. m 17t)fl, nnd D.Il. 
in I70S. ArooHK hin contcmpornrie* nnd 
friends in the colliijie vrria .Vdclison and 
SttolieVHrell, he hovini; recuuintL-iidi^d him- 
•■•Iftolhririiolifeby his'Odeffjr.St.CeililinS 
1>*T ' in IdS'S, »ei io mii»ic by llnriiid I'lir- 
eell [q.v.J.unil alsohv h" inn'iii "OnthoCoQ- 
qimt of Snmnr,' n I'indnnr nrli- inucriU'il CD 
William HI in IIKLI. He wn« eWtrd n prn- 
batianBr-ffllow of Uufidolen ('■.illeKc in lilD^, 
fellow in ions, and on M Sirpt. 1700 he wna 
preaented by t)ie aucietr to the vicuruge of 
\Vil1nii(;liby, Warwicktiliire, which be h«ld 
till 1700. 

When Qni-pn Anne lUccopded to tbe 
tb^iMie Yalden commamoralcd thn rvmt 
in a poem, end from Ihi* time hn oponlr 
adhered to the high - church porly. In 
August 17U> lie n*as cliostn lecturer 011 
nonl philoMpbr. On '28 April 17(X( he 
waa mMe chaplain to (be Duke of Iteauforl, 
nnd in thia capacilv hn oblnin^l ih" friend- 
ship, 'and enjoyed tbr> i'iinv»r«iitmii, nf a' 
rcry numerous body of nc()iiiiiiiinnp"'/ He 
becanM bunar of hi* roUifp.- in 1707, and 
dean of diriniiy in I7D». Tliu Uuko of I 
Beaufort ureeeiited liim 10 the rvTlory of I 
Sop »'onli, Wiltshire, ia itiO, but ha Kaigned , 



it in tho follnwinn y«ar. ilv waa nppointnl 
in 1712 prrbetidnry of ihe Deans. Iaiwot 
Hayne, niid I'enell in the colii'jfia'e cbiiti--h 
of l.'hutmleiiih, Devonshire, lie nlnu heldj 
iJie reelory i)f CbaU.ou-ciini-tlnnfieM. Haiiit 
tbire. In I71>1 ho rvai^iMid bii fi-llowjibip 
and Iflctiirp, and, a* a token nf hii ^miiliidr, 

favff th« colUffu a picliire of its fnunder. 
|p wait eloclod to the thuplninfy of Hridw«] 
well Hospital on ^'1 June I7i:i, upon Iha] 
resi^iialruu of Dr. Atlerhury. He led a quiecj 
life till ibe clamour wa;* rais>»d Hboiil Alter 
hiiry's plot in I7JS. Yalden hnvinjj *om«j 
aci)uainrance with thn hinhnp, nnd heinf 1 
familiarly cnnver»ant with Kiuty, lii» iecrp- 
lory, fell iindpr nunincion nnd was taken into 
custody; but b» no evidencu of any weight 
WHS adduced o^iust him be waesetat liberty 
(lIciiTIiu., Sftiff Trialf, xvi. 480). He died 
oti l'> July 1730. and wagiuierrnd on ^ Aur. | 
in ih^ cbapel or burinl-grnund of Bridnwcll 
Hri«[.itnl. 

'()f hi» piRms." iiayi> Pr. Johniioii. 'many 
nn- of thiit irrejfulur kind which, when lia) 
formed his popliea! character, was suppostMl 
tu be I'iiidarick. Having lixed hia atteutiou 
on Cnwley a* a isuilel, Lb basalieuipK'd in 
some sort to rival bim, and bns written n 
"Hyiuii to Darkn^"," evidently nsa rnunter- 

Iiart to CowVy'*"Hymn to Liaht." This 
ijmn wenin to b«! his Iw-st pprforinitnce, nnd 
is for the most part imajtined with great 
viifour nnd espressiKl with greiil propriety. . . . 
Or Ilia other pwms it is sulGcieut lo aay that 
they deeerve perusal, thoui^h tbey an.' not 
always exactly polishoil. and thoueh hia 
fault' inotn rnthf^r the nniii-iiion> of idlcncM 
than the nnf^li^mci-i nf cntbniiasm.' 

Most of hiK pouins am collected tORether 
in toL vii. of the ■ Work* of tba British 
Poeta" by Hobert Andewoii (17M>-I830> 



k 



Yale 



26a 



Yale 




[q.V.], Londoti, iriM. 8to, Many of ibeia 
onginally buomkiI in part* iii. and iv, ot 
' SuacdUtiy Poeau ' publi^lied lij John l>r«- 
daa, London, ltili3-4. Aodorfoa hail not 
MOl ' Tlin Tiin]>i« of Faiii« : a Pwta to tho 
Monary of ihn m<»t illoMrinun I'tiiicr \VU- 
liaai, Uuke of Ulauceali-r,' liondaa, 1700, ful. 
Some minor ^eoe* by Valdcn unr eiium«ra(«] 
in tW 'Bioetapliia BritauiiicA.' To liiui U 
ftttribuled Utv ethiyttttti «taii-tiii-ut of Part- 
ridc^'* KrieTAncf<8, entitl^K] '.Squire Itickor- 
«Un dirt net od ' (wi^I'iKTIliiinit, Joiix, ]8i4~ 
ITlu). 

(Bi(«T. Brit. vi. 43;» ; nioiain'i Magd. C<ill. 
B(^M«r,i. 108. vi. 113: CiliUsr* Lim of th* 
IVeu,ir.3IS; t'ostet'iillumniOion. laoO-lTII: 
GvDl. Mng. liafl, p. 431 : fleanie'aCallccliaiti; 
Jaoab'a PuHiMl Rcg^ibT, (1. 338. «i<h na>U- 
wood'amannHTipt DOlMi Joliii«on'«I/Tnaf tho 
PoB'a.Ml. Ctmain^bnm. ii. 311: NichoU* SsU«i 

Ponma. ii. SIH; Notemnil Quptici, ]■! *rr. ti. 
201. 4ib t-r. iv. 195. «1 ; S»itl» WvrU. •L 
Srolt.i. 109] T, C. 

YALE. KLlHf (181S-I71»I>. Roiwnor 
of Madrsn, wad iHini in ur near Itonloii, 
Mit»«acbuavt1e,i>Eiu.\[inl lOM He uastliti 
fifioond Kin of Daiid Yal», a nsIiTn of Pen- 
bigliahir^ (if. 14 Jan. 1090), who W1 Miil<>d 
from Kngland with hi* fittrpfHther, Thoophi- 
lua l-^nton, to Ni'wbaVRn, Cunnuctinni, uii 
tho fbundatiun of tlic oloay tbcrf, bill hivl 
Biiffrelvd to Boitoii. Thv rmuily n.'luru«(1 
to England in lOa'2 and »e([li>d m LundoTr. 
Li Itli^ Ellbu wciiT. mil lo Indiii in lb" 
service of tluf l-'atl ludia Conipnny, and, 
afliT filling varioiia oiibordinaK^ potitiona, 
torn lo hf gnvfrnor of the rrirapnny* la.-tlli.'- 
ment at Fort Si. {ii-nrgi: (Mndms) in IS^T 
(aMTaLHUifl U'titiii.tR, J/a(/ra«iH lAe Otdm 
Time, i. 1"3'W8, cbnpa. viii. and ix.) lu 
ibix tapui^tv he is aaid to havo acl«d at 
Liiu«» in a hitih-handvd muuiior, and to havn 
hanged lii« groom, a iiian nainnd Tniu, 'for 
riding two or thriw iJav** joiirnry nl)' to tnhe 
tho air.' Tbi' utory \% foKiid in llairiii's 
Coninlitic Colltotion of ^'oyagys and TraveU ' 
(l7tH. i. 917), and bni bovarupuatpd bv lalvr 
irriiuni. Dut it will U- >ich.'il that Unrri* 
took il verbdlim from Captain Alomndnr 
H&milTonV * Xpv Accnimi n( lhi> Knat tn- 
dins'(17S7, i. 3fl2); and Klphin»lnttn l^ltUf 
t^ Ik* Brititk i'ouvT. \^1 edit., p. 53) kai 
ahown that llumilt.on ii nol a ttuilwortliy 
writnnu whrri! ihu coTn|Hiuy or ill iwrvanlB 
nrv eaacvravA. lu lUOi ValenDaauap«Dd<>d 
from i)ie fnivcirnumhip, h\i aiiccpuor being 
Nalbauii'l lli^'giuion, llfiliailiindoQbtodly 
made a fortune b; privali' trade, and na 
UAnal had di«pii1i« with liia council at Mndrtut, 
and with tliu dirrcton in Hn({latid. 

itcturning to London iii lUW, Vole was 




ifalf (o bnlp tlic ■trUjTglin^ cvl!pf(uic Hi 
if Coiui«c4ieut. wliicb ira* ^uablishnl I 



aiadeagoremorof ibp East lndia,ro 
and Imcudt known for tLv ojwn-li 
mlitj- wilb Thieb b« tc«tter«<l bi* gifU. 
in crcn uud ibat tbn mctbod of c^ ln-aa»- 
ti4iam»ari|ntiBic«lbf bim,I0 rvlteve tfwidie- 
ibonorcoMkaiidcbBttvJa which he bwiag fct 
lM«k frow India. The library of St. IWW 
ichool pot «mw» ft number ot roluioM gina 
by him, and be waa • lilxmU bcixifactor to 
Iho cburrb of Wnxkaiu in Nonb \\**lr*, 
near irhich bo oftfo rtnidt^, in wa old mu- 
aionnaiBiKl l'la((ircin<i(pHlUiildo<rniii]8Tff), 
bought by bii btliM'. lln 4i<^ id liond 
on 8 JuIt 17ai iHUt. Stif. 1721. CIip 
DiaiT, p. VJ}, uiid irai buniril on -J-i Jul> 
th« cbuTvliyanl of Wivxium, wliMv' 
carioiia rpiiaph ia alill to bp snrn. 

Yale Hurried a T>It*. I lineman, widoi 
fata prrslccussor in tho i^oTeniorshtp of Pa 
St. ISrorKP. niu] left threo •JauKblna but od' 
tion. Ilii lasl lineal d«anMuil, Hu'iirj 
\JM^ Xorlh, ^A•., died in ISSO. 

Ysla'auau Uperuiaoentiyoomnienionlad 
by Ya1nunit-«iTfJiru( Nevrbarrn in Connect^ 
piit, r.S-.\. lDl718r<iaoii.MBibcrintit< 
Vn 
of 

at Saylwookand woa aftcrwaidk n-tnuvol I 
NewbBT«a. Yale aunt over DCBrgaofb 
piciiirw,uidodi«reir<«i4, thic (Ah of wli^ 
^Hlli<ml npmnU of i&H. In ({mtiloik (at 
thi> hi* nami> waa givm 10 Ihi^ nvw c^iDive 
buildiuK at Xi^wliarcn, and afterward*, bf 
tberbnrlvroririri.tbovholntnslitution wM 
entitled Yalo I'uiveriity. Ilia uortnil, a 
fiiU-len^-lh by Euucli Zwmun. ihv gift of 

D. L. ^urih, haiitioin Alunni llall, 

[Dritcr's Biograpbieal Skatehaa of lb* L 
dOBto* of Yalo C-ldlasv (Kew Y.<rk). Iggj, 
101. 171!. aiiil Kkotch of tb" H^Kory uf 
L'siToailT, ISST; Cat. uf tiM Port, ' 
b«loogiag [o Yale Vnirenily, Nnhst 
.^ppUtoo't CydapiBdia of Ain*tiaui Ba 
Till. Ti.^ Miclraa Jlsi), 31 Jnly \t»i' 

E, S. WuriUy'a Tnnb in Um UqUhI 
IHDT. i. 133; BigUnd'i Bouilf* of 
imil Walaa. xrii. !M ; Infiirniiaioa froM JU&il 
KmUanl I'aluMr, ran.. «f Wrcxluun. lu "&• 
YhIs Fiunily, by Elikn Yalo (Ka«haT«ii. ISU. 
p. 'ii\ llio mbject of thin arfirh u wrasgly 
iii»t«d 10 have bfKU ttiH ibirl >aa of Captun 
Tliumpii Yoiu (rf. 37 March 1083). b»1 iu hara 
benn lioru in N'RvhsTCD. Two Ioti*n fr>.« T>l« 
1(1 Thfliiiak Pitl \<i. r.] aiv iii TCo. 32&1I uf lb> 
.\<tiliiioniil and Efcrlon SEainuetipti ia th* 
Briliab MoBonm, S. 89, 179. and aarvMl art 
jirint(Ml in tho Diary Ot Sir >nuia« f)«d|H 
(II;ikhi;i ^u>c), iii. A M^gTM oT lb* Yah 
Umily. ilniwn up by C. H.To«nilM*d o( Ita}»- 
linni, NiTwhiiTen. appaara) ia ilia New l&itUoi 
Hiaturii; uiiil ii«iii;KluKKftl Bagulci for JanvBy 
1889.] l.T ' ~ 





Yale 



«83 



Yale 



YALE.TriOUAS(15i>e?-l.-,Tr),ciriIi»n, 

bom in 15Jo or 15^0 tSmtPfi, Life of 

I'arker, ii. If*<)|, ({rniluainl It. A. al Com- 

bridKv Univorfil} m 1-)12-U. and wasElpcti'd 

a fi^liow of QuHVi]»' Colle^i.- about l-'>14. \lv 

cummencpJ MA. iii I&4IJ, aiitl filled the 

oilici! of hunnr In lii« cnllrgn froDi IMO in 

1S51. Ila WRB nnc of \.\w proclori of the 

uuiviTniry for ilic vcjir commencing Mieluul- 

tons l-jfil'. Imt rojijoi'-'cl hvtatv tlie rxpiraliuD 

of liir IfTUX lit ullii'i-. Ill lool Li^ was Hu- 

poiutfO (Ximoilssary uf tW ()iocMt> of Ely 

iindtT ilii) clianci'llor, Jobu Fuller {i. Wfii) 

[q. v.], niul in I5IU be wu keeper of the 

Miirilualitic* of Uia dioeoM or Ilnn^or 

dnriaH tlio vocnncj' nfUr the dentil nf 

Arthur Uulkclirv fq. t.] In Ibnl yimr hu 

cribed tlii- Ronsu caUioliu utlclo im- 

Wtd upon all credi:ia(«a of tlie univMsilr, 

I NoveiuWr iS-'itS hia Dame occur* iti tl^e 

coniniifsion for i.h^i 'uppTi'iision of )iinwi>v 

wilhin ihe dlonuii of VAy, and li* ntitiiitdd in 

tbc Hwrch for hereticnl bonk* during i.he 

ristalion of t)io unircnilv by Cnrdinol 

PttWa di^lef^lct (CouFEB. Annah of Cam.- 

fciist)v, lty», ii. IIQ). In JanuniT l-ViU-7 

he wu vanu^ thcrise eiDpowi-rcnJ hy llii! 

ennnie to ivfirm the cnaipotiuoci for the 

election of proeton an J in reriM tbe uni- 

Totsity (.tatiitc* {ib. ii. I^). Ha wa« 

creAtiil LL.U. in luoT, nnd admilted nn 

advoi'B[« uf iliu L'uurt of arcbes un "\S April 

l&tid. In tlll^ (raule yenr he and four oilier 

U&ding civiliaiia «ub»criUMJ ua opiaiuu tluu 

the commiiwioii is*iwd by the qiii.'en for the 

I ciMiiHscrulion if .Mnirhoiv I'^rluT l1.^-]i ereh- 

• lilahop of CBUtuclmrv, wan li^nllv valid 

. <StE»re, U/f 0/ Parker, i, 10»). On 

^ March lutiU hu wiu ndimttHd to the pre^ 

rlwad oF OlHi^y in tbi- i-liurch of l.icli(ii;ld. 

IIb tbe name v«<ar li» biMauie recior of 

I Xe'etinslOD in the Me of Elv. and wee 

I'OtM of taci iircliit>piiiivi[uii oomniiwionera for 

' Tinitiiig tli« chiin-'hi-i and dioccxra of Can* 

terbary, KocUt»ter, iind I'ciorbomugli (i'6. 

i. I«. 151, 15-.>). On :;i April IftU the 

*reIiliisho[i cumuiiittiuiiL'd him auJ Wallt-r 

■ IVriglitlo visit cbd cburcli, city, uiid diu- 

Iceceof Oifonl (ib. \. 'ifHi; Xamiitm, Cala- 

\lagat MSa. ColJ. ('uijuint ChrUti in Amd. 

^Canlabe. 1777, p. 1»JJ). tin M .Innn bn 

w»» coiuttiluled for lifu juddf of ihi- rourt 

of audieuw, ol&cUl principal, cbiincellor, 

■ltd vicaT-general tu tbc archbLibup of 

, C'siit«rbury, aiid in thi- aauio yvat obtained 

tlM iwtory of I.lall1r(^64atlt in Aiigl<-My. 

In 1663 be becuiie chancHor of tbe di<~<- 

ceae of IWngor, and in Mny wwi (-nmnii&- 

aionnl bj tbc iircbbishop to viiit the col- 

legiw of All SoiiU nnd Merton ut (Hftird 

(SteipB, I-arUer, t. 22HJ. lu IM3 he «a* 



on a coii)ini»iioti to vi.iil tbe diocese of Kly 
i,ib. i, 2a(*: Sa3J(ii«. p. iW7(. On 7Jiily 
lijtl-l L(> was iuBlitutpd (o the prvb(>ud la 
Vayuoll iu the ilioc««f> of St. Aaaph. la 
l.*j<ifi lie wM otip of the uiMier* iu ordiiiMy 
of llio i-onrl of cbancory, and wn> phci'd oa 
11 mmmiuion to viait t.bn diocRM of Hnn^or 
(Srim-E, I'arkrr, \. JOS, f)09). In 1M7 ho 
w-os iijipointfd dean of tlie archen, a puct 
v.'Lich be n.-iii{;ned in \b~'S, and vriis one of 
tbi^ ciiiumiaeionHt* for 1 be Tisitation of Out 
chuivb and dioce«e of Norwich (lA. i. IH3). 
Ity a, patrnt conHrned on 1-^ .Inly l.'i*l be 
wnn connticutnil joinl-knrpor of tbi> pmroga* 
tivf court of t'lintorbury (ifr. Ii. 2ti>. On 
I'arktr's deatli in 1C70 bo acted a» one of 
bis txcrt-'utoni (ill. iii. 3tll>). and I'arker's 
sutvi^iBor, Edmund Grindul ig.vj, Hpp<?inli-d 
him bis vicnr-getieral (SnivrE, Lift 0/ Orin- 
dal, p. 28'). Od a.'i April IA76 he vm 
ptncd on n coniiniwion for rrpniJuiing nilU 

!:ious tnnlcontent* {16. p. 310}. Oa :i May 
in and Nicbolan tfobinaon (li 158.>) [q.v.J, 
biibrj[> uf Jtunf;t>r, were empowered by liriu- 
ilul to riKit on bit bubulf the diuce^e uf 
lteug<)r, and uii 17 Aug. bu and (.li1b«K 
llurk-diiy [a. w], bishop of B«th nnd Well*, 
wore in liky mnriDer comniiMioned to rioil 
tbe ehiirrh at Well* (ui. pp. 314-1-^). In 
the »nmi! year Volo r^premntcd to (iriiidol 
lliu need of reforms in tlie court, of audience 
(ii. pp. 307-U). On Grindal'a Busjionaion 
in June lu77, Yale dieoburi^Hd bin judioial 
duties for hitu, continuing to act until No- 
vember, when bi:> fell ill (i/i. p. 313). Ho 
died in Noviimbor or Dttncmbiir 1577. Ho 
married Joanna (1^. IJ Bcpt. 1587), daughtsr 
of Nicliolnn Wuleron, 

For many yrats YalewaHanoccluaiaitical 
bigh couiniitiaiunt5r. Souio uianuiMjrrpt ex* 
tracts \t^ biui etiiitleii 'Collwlarx Ri-gisiru 
Arcbiepi»c(irioruin Cantuftr." are presiTVed 
among th«<.oI[iinianninnu>criprs<Cleop»tra 
V.i. :i87), and wcreprinlwlinMrypit* ■ Life 
of I'nrker,' iii. 177-fi;J. A *tat>mienl of bis 
case in u conlrovepiy for prBocdcncy witU 
Bart bill u mew Clerki; [q. t.] is amouK ibe 
Pelyt munuBCripta iu th» library of tbe Iiuim 
ToDiple. All elegy oti Vale bj I'eler l.i^igh 
in pn-BprvBil in iho Urilish .Muaeum (AddiU 
MS. :;S7.ir, f. .Hi). 

[Coopcf'n Athene Cnmabr. I. 879-11(1: Im 
Ntre'* Faati, wl. nnrdyi ^tlrf[^l>'> Lif<* of 
Parkur, lesi, piuaim ; StiTpct AnnaT«. I8II, i. 
i, «7». ii. n«. itl3. 11. i. 170-3 . S«typc» Lifo of 
(irindM, 1H21. pp. 17D. 'iHS: Noireourt'ii R«- 
[leri.. Eti'Ii-s. IjOiiilio, ims. i. tit; Ryner'a 
I'lrderii, ir. "81 ; Parker Corr*ip. (I'nrlwrSoe.), 
pp. 12H-!), 3IIU-I, 113^. 371), :is:i-:l; Ijina- 
duwtia M8. SHI, f. 9S ; Todd* Cat. <it Lambfth 
USS. 1813. p. 81.] KLO. 





Yallop 



384 



Yarranton 




YALLOP, EDWAUl) (it 1707), ■utbor 
uid tniuUtor [Sw SpELiLUt.] 

YANIEWICZ. FELIX (ITeS-IRW), 
viotiniM •nd oiiijn ■* r >-■* Javirwicj.J 

YARINGTON, KMBEirT (.A IflOl). 
(Irematiit, y li' h <r vf'Tiro lADWinlablr 
IVm^cdici. llii? uiit' of llit> miirtliar of 
iUwIvr B«->c1i, A Cbaundl^r in Thaino- 
KrMie, and lij* Ihito, Anan hv Thomw 
Htrry. Tho Mh*f of n youna chil<ie mur- 
thvwl in a Wood bf two Ituluns, nith ibi.- 
oonjwnt nf hi* I'orklo. Ity Koli. Ynrinfilaii. 
London. I'rinu-d for Mutbew l.awi-, and ar* 
to he Boldv at Lis 8bo|i in PaulM Chiirdi- 
yarde iKwre uiil'i S. Au«t4Q«« Oate nt th« 
tttgno of ill* Kox*,' IWI, 4lo. Nolhinji hu 
bmi difroTpivil cncTiiing Hobrft Vrtfinj(- 
Um. Id Hi-n^Iowi-.'n 'IJiarv' («i. Collier, 
pp. fOi-S) wr lind that In \am Hau^lituii 
and Day wrote s lni{^>dv calW 'Thi^Tra- 
(prdv of Tbomaa Mt-rryi-/ TbJB was clpnrly 
*M t.Le firtl aubject of Yarinjrlon's plnr. 
Tl» next eorry in the 'Dinry* mfntu to 
"III* Orphane* Ttaffwly' by fbnitic, wbioh 
WM appuwitly nevi-r tininhi^d. Thii would 
■«era to be the «wond nulijrct of VariiiK'""'* 

?l«y. Mr. Fh-ay eonjt'ctunn that Itcb. 
Briutftoii in a fictiliouB tiaint.-. and that. Iii» 
£laT u an aniH lunula I iun uf th« two pUy> 
yllaugbtun, IJay.andCbtltle. 5Ir. A-IL 
liiilli^ Tvpubliabed fh« pisy with an intA>> 
ductinn in 'A Collnclinn of Old Kn^linb 
riny'CStW, vol. iT.) 

[Butli^'a lutrtHJurliun drMuuH tha liloniry 
qndilica aad affiniiiu of ihc play : Flmy'n 
<Jlirga>da o( iha RrsIi*!! I'rnaiK, ii, 3H.V6; 
HullFu'a Inlroductiuo lu ArJi-o ur Fi>rvnliiiRi, 
leST.] K. B. 

YARMOUTH, Eabl of. fSw Pjutok, 
RoBBBT. 1(13I-1IW3.] 

YARMOUTH. Cocjitbm op. [S« 

WaUUDIIBK, AMALU 8oPlltB MlBUXKB, 

1704-1766.] 

YARRANTON, ANDRKW (161S- 
16<M?)< onKinee'r and asrieiill.nriiit, wa« born 
at Ijarford in thn jmriiiii of Att.lvv, VTorcr^i- 
ttrahim, in ICtle. .\boiii l<t.1t> bo wiu ap- 
prcnlin^ to a linondriiwir of Worc«»t<ir, but 

nw awuy il^nglamTa improvancnl by Sea 
and Land, ^. ItK)). IIu thcii'livi^dacuuntrey 
lir« fiir»ome ycara,' bul at the uulbrnOt uf 
the ciril war be joined the parljauieataiy 
army. No detatla are known na to bis mili- 
tary mrcer, except tlint h<> held n captain'* 
commiuion. In 164f4 hr wn* iiiAtntinr-nlnl 
''' dimrovcring n rovnliirt. conspiracy to jpite 
'ej Bouac in llori:furdihin' {Oat. Statt 



I'fS 

" sir" 
:oa'» 
iby 
met 



Papen. SI July 1&I>>. fiefora I6&S be 
appwv 10 have relinnl fVon ibe amy, 
altlioagk b» vm dill dj IpJ Cnplain Vamo- 
ton in IftGfi^ wb^n he wai PUKa^nl >n dii- 
pnlc* in rng«rd to i-itatH in hia pOMijwion. 
In 1652 Yarranton 'i-ntrrod apon ini»> 
work*' i^tj^andt Imprvermenl. 187' 
193), and al*o busied himiHrir in acbcmn 
outlinf caiwlii ai>d rcudi^ring riven 
g[abte,n8iiUrlolbo«p wblich werv at ll>« 
tim* brioi; earned out in Snrrry by Sir 
Richard W««lon 'n. v." Moat of Varrantoo't 

a'eeta aeem 10 navo \xm fru«tratad by 
' oTmnity. II<^ altrmptcd to oOBfuci 
Urutwieh with Wnn^ititr by rrtidcriair thi 
river Salwarp naviKoblp, thus obriatia^ 
htfavy GXpciue of ibe carria^ of rait 
Wuti;«ster by land. ■ tn 16fiG Cani 
Yarranton and Captain Wall iibi)n1o(» 
th« niiitt of 750f. to make thn river Salwaiy 
na Titrable, and In prorurv 1m tn* natevt 
for doing it from the I'rotoctor 'cl. art. 
Wi!rMOB,TiioxA«,>rv«itb Hahox \t'ixiiK* 
and fir«t Earl of I'l.TMotrTii ). The hat- 

fi'tan ajTri-i-d to givu tWm eight phaii at 
'pwieh valut-d at 80/.^*raiiDuui, and thm> 
fcHirihn fifa pliul at Neiherwieb, wlipre tfc? 
vnlufi nf phnis wa* dniihio that at L'pwii^ 
for 21 yvnn. a* nn pqnivalRiii to tbeir 
mnndii. tint thr tiniu bcinji unsottW, 
Y'arranton and Wall not rich, the m;hei 
Tihos« authors wi-re morp dinninpatod thaif 
pTOJcutoiM |^u^^aIly arv< w-a« nvver earned 
tu1oi>xe«utioB'lNAStl, H'vivrrtertAirr, 1781, 
i. 301!). It had alao b«>ctn a favourite acliCBt 
of Y'armnion'a to randnr tli« rii«r Sionr 
narigable. and Mitno anall pmgten wai 
raode in tho m«tlDr, bnt tho UtwDpI wa« 
»oon alloured to drop. TUemipon, wy* 
Varnnlon, ' brinf; a hral of my own, I wa» 
not williitK il should be abortive; tlwrrf iri- 
T made olTera to pcrf«cl it, liaviuf; ■ ihLrd 

Sinrt of tho inherilanc» to me and my b«n 
or evor. and wo camo to on agm^na-' nt . npca 
which 1 fell on and mado it ooroplekly 
navifiubte from Siurbridftu to Koderminaiar, 
aud cnrrif^ down many hundred tiiiu at 
C«ul«a, arifl kid out nearinie t lK>U!tiuid pound*: 
andlhrivil wnBohtlructedforwanlof iDoaipy' 
(Eitgtati^t Iiaprm-nitraf, pp. 60-6 J. 

Yarranton woi (after ^ir ItidnnlWealonl 
onaol ihu lir*t to nppKeiatf^ th(<ngricu1iui«] 
value of clover. HuwrotcIwuiLmnllpaiiipliUu 
tvcummvndinf; its u>(>, and bcIikI as An ai^rt 
fort lie supply of set^d, 'ami I bopc, and iianlj 
know, that i^nl part of ^V urc«iu«tshirt. 
Glouciuitprf.hipp, IIerpforcl»hire, iihropabirr. 
and Sintfordi-hire hnvo ilonbled tltc nine of 
thi! lunct by thn hiisbandrr dtacorcnil (0 
theiu'(i'6. p. 1»)). 
At tile fteatoration YnrrMitoD nm tbrown 



tl» 
i^^ 

M 



Yarranton 



28s 



Yarranton 



into priaon br tLo lord lieutmiint of Wur- 
OMtvcMhirt' 'Tor r>-fufjuf; \m \i>nh\>i^'i> au- 
iborilv.' II* wft* free in Novi'mbnr I'WI, 
lrhi>D lio WM cuinprnmis<<<l \ij llio (liecnvrrj 
of tome 1ctt<-ni rf:laliii|t In nn intcn-li-d 
prtsbylrrian (Uinft. Oii 10 Nov. 11 [□•.■mhki' 
wn» M-nl from Lointoa onlprinK liis arrpai, 
and in Mbt IUIU 'Dip mcupir of Andrew 
Vamuiiuu. H [Mfnou daiigorauH I0 tbe govurn- 
nwnt, from tne enslody of (he pT«vo«t niflr- 
akal,' ws» reiKirli"!! fpfim WnrvtiT [cf. art. 
PiKrsiiToK.SiK Joiix. IfiL'O UiHO], Aftur 
'DMliniiK witlt MVi'ml ilimiifiTtiHl ptrrsciim.' 
Im went op to Ijindon, wlitTL- a wBrrniit 
wiu iuui^c) fur tiin nv-B]iprvb('liiii<ju. 11« is 
«ubMt]ui'iil1y di-9LTibvd a» Ijeidg ' an tiolvot 
a TJllain u^iiu^t the kiDg im udj> in ibose 
p«n«.' 

Id (I fitll nrconnt i>f thn nfToir piibliitipil 
bj Y»rT*nti>i) in 1(18), bn dixlanti tlint ibn 
COTnproRiiainK lelti^rii wrre forged ; thut 
oft«T he hnd 1m*u iiniirisoiicd «ome 6vf 
moiitbs an aci'ciunt uf tbv fraud uus luailu 
knuwn Id Liswif--, uiidbybcrcnuimiiuiculAd 
10 biiDHt^tf: Tint h>> ihi'ii p II Micl J denounced 
tli« impoDturs Riid wiu rrlpnfnd, wnnC up f) 
London ' to aeqiiniiit tbi; king with ihn f^-.so. 
wrong be hnd rr*cvv«l.' nn« nrrfjitisl. but im- 
nadlatnly mleoWMi : n-tLiined to Worcmttr, 
luid within »ix monihi was it tlurd liinv 
aniMt«d on a n«w charKe of ■ httriuK upokeu 
tjwMonaUe words aeainel (lie king.' 'The 
witueuH were nnBlVmly (« mounWbfink, 
formerly nn apothocnrv of Dorby), whn 
nfttinrard* RcknowlcdfTcd that hn hod fi/. 
fof hi* pninn; tlie of her wiiiWRi livwl in 
WmIiv, and wunl by Iwi niiuifs. Tbia waa 
(lonv at (lu! luuinw uf Wuroi-sltr; the bill 
being found lit thi^irraiiilJury.Mr.VaTrantoti 
put bintself upon hi!i trinl.niid tho' he did not 
exonit a^Hinst anv next uf hiK Jurr, vot upon 
• ftili heiarinjc of hi* cnw tlipy nrn'u'ntly 
Mqnittpd bim ' (Yjkiumox, full hi'tcoivry 
of the t'irtt I'realiytfrian.Sfirim I'liit, \Gi*\). 

About lOtiT Varrunluu vriLadv9piitt.'hi.-d by 
« numW uf Eu{;li-ih ftentletnen to Saxony, 
■o thai, as an uxpert in ibe iron muiufac- 
tim. he might investigatn and, if poHiblf, 
l«Bni (h« iwcrnt uf ibc tinpUti! industry. 
' Coming to ihe wtirks,' be niiyii, ' wi- wcru 
Tcry tivilly Ireati-d; and, contrary lo our 
^■spoctation, wv hud ranch libcrly to liw 
knd Mw ihi' work* go, with tbp wny aud 
manner of thsir wmliind. "nd c.vtjinding 
(Iw plaTee; as al^n iho pflrt'i-cl rinw of inch 
natemU ns thxy iiml in rlaarin|[ tbi? platci 
to makp fhcm Bt to tnkr linn, with tli« way 
tboy UM in tiiininfi tbciu or«r, when cUvr d 
from tbeir niHi and bhidtiwasi and having 
{■a we juidinid) sullidently obtained the 
whole an of making and tinning the plat«8, 



we tlit'n came for England, irht<n^ the seTPral 
]i»r»0Ti8 cunoenjwl in the aflair thought fit 
to mnlw some (rial in innlcing Ronie small 
qunnlitiMOf I^atvs, and I inning ikora, which 
was don« ... all wnrkniRn ihnt irroui;ht 
upijn them agriHiiiig that thir plniri nnd ihn 
rauttal tlitry were made cif wus mutli better 
tluiu ihoBc plates which were mtide in (.ier- 
maiiyi and would wnrk uiuiv pliable, anil 
serra for many more nmliinblr- wsi-r, than 
thoGsrman platu would do.' The Mcr^iof 
tlie manufnnun:, hownvi-r, laahad out, and 
nriral. bi'iii({'«iQntcnii(iccdby»am« piTwna 
uf uuiility/iucii.'1'i.ilird in pnicuring n 'Irumpt 
up patt'ut. * M'hal with the patent hif 
iiiK in our way,' »a;a Yarrantuu, 'and tbu 
ricliMl of nur punner* being not willing, or 
at Inact afraid, lo nrtVnd gn>nt men then in 
[jowor, who bad tbc^ir nvo upon it, caiiiml 
ib<< thing to i-nol, and ncitlior thn makinff 
tberpof iiroM't'ded by ui, nor pouibly could 
be d"ne by him thai had tho patent, with 
BUL'h aFi (.''junlcinaiu'ed it . . . because neitliFT 
he that hath the patent, nur tho6e thai liaT« 
coiinlcnanped him. can make one pla(« fit 
for niwi' {Knylanrt/i Impmifintnl, Snd pt. 
1681,™. l.'ii, I.5J). 

On tis ii^lum home 'i'arrantpn fn-tat to 
havo aeltled down as a kind uf connulting 
engineer, and to have limted the whow 
country, giving advice a^ lo ironworks, 
canal", and improi«m«Dts of all «ort«. In 
July 1R74 hn was 'prvrailed wirh by a psr- 
iton of honour to mrvey tho rivnr DeB, 
running by tho cily of ('bolnr into thn 
Iriiib St-a, and finding the river choked with 
the Bauda that a ve»el of twenty tuns could 
not cotue lo thai noble cily,' be untw ' u map 
of the new rivfir (o be made to bring up tbu 
ships t<i thn city M^.' In Noverabor of the 
aamo ynar ha ctnaud ovnr (o Irt-land ' lo 
aurrof aoma ironworkii, wood*, and Linda.' 
Immadiately aftur ratuminir from Inrland 
hi- ' waa taken down by the Lord L'larvndon 
tu Salisbury to survey the river of Avon, 
to find whether thai riier might bu made 
navignhln, ni aliio wlti'llnT a safe harbour 
could be made at Chriai Chiin'.fa for aliips to 
coino in nnd out and lyn uifit' |rt. i. a», 41, 
151, 1511 ). It WIU probably about tbia timo 
that Iiord ^^'indau^ rmpli'ved liim to aurvey 
aeveral rivers, eKppciallv the .\tou, ■ in the 
coonlieaof Woreegter.GlmicesttT.and War- 
wick ' (i. 188). In addition totliesescluitDM 
* I made it my biiaincM,' ho aaya, ' lo survey 
the three great river* of Kngland (i.r. thn 
Thnmpi, llumber, and Seieml nnd aomu 
small ones; and madu two navigable and a 
third almost ctimpleated' (I'A. i. 104). 

Yarranlon is believed In have died about 
1684. He was married, and the Mn. Ytrraii- 




Yarranton 



2S6 



Yarrcll 



■on wboae faooae waa. mixot^ag to the bUI« 
papm, ltc«ued in ItSiS as ■ ptMbrttrriui 
plaoettfinnahip, vupoMiUjkiawiM. Hit 
•on Rabcn wa*, Ukd hiiBMlf, • aan«for. uul 
M Itnmm to haw pUsB«d nndpr bu bthcr** 
ditvctimu ibe improTrmiMil of the Tbame* 
Bcrintioa bt!Hr(*ii Oxford (imI Loeilon (it, 

i. it«-9). 

YumtMi wrote: t. 'IV IntprureBeU 
InproTfld bjK Micoad <<i]ttiou of tbe OrakI 
ImproVMiMiDt nf L*itd« by Clorrr,' lOOS; • 
punpbVt offiiij-twof>(mofc«iu>dMat>l« 
UDpOttanc* ftnn the point of view of the 
haiuty lit agriealtiue. 3. ' Kngknd'* In- 
proTefnenl b; S*q itnil Luid to ooldo tbe 
thttth wilbovt fishuns.' Itlii ; aeconil put, 
I'E^l ; in which be g\rt aa acciMtit of bii 
numffroof kJimdm nr (n*biBf riivn nari- 
gahW, for improriaiir thu imo iadurtn and 
tbt liiMi nuuiufoirtim, fbrthewuhlittBaat 



^ira 




Ptptn, Thtm tmOt b«« bB>a ciBtta^t 
iaut hiogintiual fcm I9 P, E. Da** 
Einavnu of pEJitKal Kchmh. ]8M,i 
drtait by Kunart Saiilai ia hi* 
pifbj. 1863. pp. M-TG. Sac alM J. 
bcn'a Bioci^ihMal IHaKninNE* •( Wa 
•birt. I BM, md YanvtUa Biaer. OoBiHiiai it 
Bnt Mu. iJtm;.] E. C«. 

TABKEIX. WILLUM firiM-IBS«\ 
aaologin, tb«- uimh tbild of Fntto* XaitU 
oTGnM K*d*rSir««i ia the vmriA of St. 
Jaa«V, Wt«aaiMM>, aad bte wife Sank 
(honi BlaM)ofBa7ft>rd.IImfi)rdthin.fpto- 
■ter, waa born on 3 JuBO ]7iil is Dnka Sum 
St. Jamm'*, wbera hi« lather, ia nartntcAip 
with hia unde, W. Josoi, eamad tm lb* 
bosineaa of o«w«pajwr afrent and booki 
Hi* bininMn waa«lterwan]*rrii»or«dt 
eoncr nf liar;- ^n<et aod Little __ 
6ti«rt, where it i*>:ill (saiataiiMTd underl 
of a land bank, and tbe ealabliahmcnt of a ' Hjle <Mr thoold liim. WUIIam wa« wluntnd 



I 
I 



mtMB for MTtuling aod checking fira in 
Losdoil and Other Laravtowiu—iduan forthe 
BMM mtl drawn troin hia obatrTationi 
abroM, npfviallj in Holland and Flander*. 
3. 'AfnIlDiitcoTrry<iflbnfimPrn«hTt«riail 
ahato I'toi, or n Inttrr from ono in 1.0fidc>ii 
to a renon orQaalilTin tfac Country,' 1 (HI. 
Hw ^ublicalkin of ibU patnphlel pniroked 
COnitdcTable (ronl rarenr, and larraDluii 
wa4 atiHcl^ in a |iaiiiiih]«l «nlitl«d *A 
CnfTi-e t["<itr J>i8)i>9>i«, or a IHtcoone b»- 
twnnn Captain Y. and a joiinjC narririrr of 
tbo MiddlnTctnpIc' ^ armnton in thin tra^^t 
ia duKOTPTnl ditcooniuji on how to beat 
tbe Uutch without RglitiRK hj makiaf all 
tbe atreelaof I»n<lon uavig^blerit'en: from 
tbiathjediiiltif;ui.-rIrilY4iutiialeohiuca]di»cuA- 
sion of tli*> eii^lii«ioD bill, in wliich YarrtLnlon 
It nf oourMt wor»t*>d- 

In two iiiibw|URnt pomphlKa, 'The 
ColTf* 11ouu> Uioloituc eiamined nnd n?- 
fulvd by nomi- iKfinthbourn in the Country ' 
and * Enf^biiid'a iTujirovemenia Jiulifi«d,aiid 
tbe author ihr-reot. Captain V., viadicatcd 
from tbe acandaU in a paper Pnlled a Cofr«« 
ilonao Dialogae,' Yarranton in (Infmided bv 
bia frieoda from the 'mlnhiirRoiu Bnry iktinK 
pota of calumnici and alnndcr' directed 
aRatnM him ; while these rharses are attain 
ninfOTcod in 'A Conlinualion of the Coffee 
llouae [Kalugue, between Caiiiain ¥. and s 
joiing BaroBft [eic^ of ihe Middle Templo, 
wfaetvin the Srst dklogiie is vindlrnli'd nnit 
in it one of tiw Improrcra nf l':nt;l.tnd ii 
proved to " 
■tandioK 

aauarity of Ynrranlon Iiimsnlf. whono wrltingi 
are fall of autobiagmpbicnl duinili ; Ihia infor- 
HHllon it «D(qil«aiauMd from lliu JJummtic 8l«ta 




to bo a man of no dorvpi'r under- ! lecretary of the Zoological docitfty ; TlH 
: thnn bin marisr, Captain Y.' Betl (i7!<L'-IB»iO) [q.v.], prMadcfii uf 

i.f thfl Bl./t» fiu-W aw Kivtn mi th« I^nnuan Society : John Oonid [q, t.\ 




at Dr. Nicbiilaan'a aebool at Kalin^. wb«n 
h>» waar«ganlBda> a quiet (ludiiiu> boy, and 
among hia aehoolfeUowa wna his eooMn T ' 
ward JonpH, who in aitnr life bMum 
partner in hi* falbin'A bllMn««^ Bui I 
iililiiiiL ilim II III h'n maai IViTljim Yi 
began life aa a iilork in tbr hanking: Km of'' 
iltttn. Herriea. Farquhar, & Co., which h* 
entered on 17 Nor. t?^J,and left on 90 Jnljr 
1908,aneeful training fiir hia father'nbarinii 
of nawfpaner af^nl and hockaeller to wUcb 
be *accood«d. Waring ifaei advantaga ofa 
partner until If-50 (when on the dtnlh ef 
luN coutin the bntiiMaa bMaaie hit own), 
be iraa able to lake a certain omonnt of 
rvUnKiton, and FoiumI pleaaurc in the pnr- 
nuil* of fl^inf; and afaootiag. Thia aflotdfd 
him opportnntliM for tnakiof* ouldooir iilmi 
valiona in Datiiral biatOfV, in nrioua parts 
of Ibu euunlrr, which later in life wct» 
turned to good account in tho ptwpaiMion 
of tfaHatandardworfcaoa' JirittdiTtinla'aad 
' British Fialiea ' which han ainn mnde hia 
name fainou*. tn tbe coarar of hi* oatdoor 
pnrauil* he wa« nbl» to vwurr manv ipaei- 
meni nf bin]* which b<>forward«<l tajtewiek, 
nhi engmvcd Ihian with dao achnowlcdj^ 
menl, 

AuioQfr lii' fricnda and ooneepondenU 
were Sir William Jardine (fl-V.". Pridaam 
John Selby fq. 1.]. Leonard Jen; n* (who in 
I88ft priDt«a a liltlo tnemoir of Iiim for pri* 
vntfl circulation); Ji^hn Van \'oorH, 
publiikher; Kdward Turner Bennett 



Um-I 

omithologiat: undNichoUi Ayln-nrd Vij:oMl 
[q. v.]. In whose ■ Zoological Joumat,' 1«J 
which he b«cam« a frequent coniributorJ 



Yates 



«87 



Yates 



Iii» fint paper (on (otan mro British birdo) ' 

irHH pLlllli^lMl. 

Having takrii up eoo1o|[;'' m bii Loliby. be 
wiT^ly went iLrougL a munv- or instniction 
in Riintoniv, wtiicli quftlifii^'] Iiini mbx'- 

rnlW lo irrili' ■everal ii*>>fiil raprooini on 
jtriiotun- of bird' ihnr wtn- piihliJwd 
in llic 'TmtiKHc-[iont' of iho LinnL-an and , 
Zoological locittipn. The firsi fcicntific 
Kicirlv of wliidi liu bei^aiiir a luvinber vi8% 
tli« iEoTil Tii»titatioii. u'bich lie {oinrxl in 
ISIi. In Xi'iV'^uibcr 18J'> li« wa" ili-cti'd n 
fellow of tbn Linnrnn SoeiMT, mid on the 
denth of J. l''or«ti>r in IS4SI wn* nppoinlpd 
treaiurer. in ofHc"- nhich hn fiUffd IoheIIkt 
witli llial of vioif-prui drill until his deutb, 
Ju I^JO on the formrition of thi.' ZuuIokicaI ' 
Soci"iy be betninu one of il« originnl 
meraVrrt', niid took un Bctive part in it» pro- 
<ir4M)iaeii both no n imlurali^t ond a* a man 
of biuinru. Wbrn .lolin Clniidiui lAiiidoii 
[q. v.l potnmencH'd tho publioiilioii of hii 
' >l«(t«Hn« of NniiirnI Hinlotv' in IS'2>*, 
Yanvl) fa(>ciimea coniitnnt contributor tu i<< 
pagM, as lie did ulso to ihp pn^'LU uf olber 
jotiriuU, notably the ' AnnaU arid Ma^aiinr< 
of Nntiiral ilistort,' Iho ' Knlomnlngicol 
Mairwann,' nnd th*' ■ Ztioloprw,' irbich was 
foundn) hv Kdwnrd NVwiiinn fij.v] in IP-13, 

As rarlv di> lf*l'ii Ynrn'll hud formed a 
fair collect ion of Kriiisli binUand tliein-mpi, 
a* well Hs a coUeclion of llrilinh flihea, to 
wliii'b be coutiuued to muke ivldiii'xiii n» 
opportonitv owrurrfil. Tliese provided him 
with much nijili'rinl fpjr bis two (fn'nt work*, 
the one completed in I'^llt under the title of 
n ' IlistoT^^ of llritinh I-'ish™,' the other in 
lt*4S under that of a 'Hi»torv of ltriti«b 
Bin)*.' Tlie former readied il Ihir'] edition, 
reviMyl after his deatb hy Jubu Hiclinrd- 

imn ■ 

rwirhi 

death ( I*/J8|, nnd a fourth ndilion has lince 
becnpubliahed in part* (1871 -*C)| under the 
uhle i><iit')nihip of I*tofi?»or Newton (voli. i. 
and ii.) nnd Mr. llowiird Siiunders (vols. iii. 
and iv.) Thr 'History of llritisb Fishes' 
wa« the fowruuner of Ibn t fine series of work* 
Ml iH" nsliinti history of the Rriliah I«Und« | 
of nhirh Van \'nor*t was iha piihli«hrr. nnd , 
whkh liave inntArially hnlpod to rilend nnd 
papulariw the itudjr of nnturc among nil ' 
cImmm uf En{rli*h readers. i 

Yarr^lldied at nnrnt Vumioiilh '.m 1 Sept. ' 
l^-'iO. His remains weri' intLTiw! in the , 
cbun-hynrd of Hayford, nt'rtford»hiri\ where 
thi»e of hii parent*, hi* brolhi'r* and nislern . 
alrr4i]T n'po«c<!. Tlir yravri i* on the north • 
ride of Xhe church, within n miipd "puce , 
allotted to his family. 

In Si. Jamct'g Ctiumh, Piccadilly, at the ' 



(i;s7-lSI}.*i) [q.y.] in 1S5W, the laller 
'bed n ihiril ndilinn in the year of hi» 



wMt end of th<i nunli «itil« his extcutom 
erected lo his memorj a marbl* tnbU-t tritb 
n tnedallion portrait , tiipporied hy two iwans, 
in appropriatn nlluhion not tuertdy Iv hiii 
own loiv of binii, hut to tin' fact of his 
harinj; added a new upoeiia of *wan lo Ibo 
European avifuuna. which he Damnd ia 
honour of the eelL-brated engraver, Tbomn* 
llewick. I)e«de8 the medallion |)ortrait m- 
fcnvd ti> there in an oil iwrlrait of him 

Eninird in l«tO by Mr*. Cappeuler, wbicli 
an(,'B in the BiPcting-nnoin of the Liunenn 
S'Jcirly ul Jiurlinjtton Houw, A laicr and 
exlri'mrly p>od likpiiess in chalk hr nn un- 
knov, N bund is in the jNisiejiaion of l'*rofeuor 
Xe^i't'iu at Camhridi"i-.«B well aan minijluns 
in wnlerenloiir by Slri-. Waterhoiise Huw- 
kini. In nddilion to ibi-te there is u litlu> 
ffrnphed portmit in whnt h known as I hi' Ips- 
wichseriea{it was Jin:parei:l when ibe Brllidh 
AMKX'ialion held its mretin^t in Ipswich), nnd 
a nwod I'nfc-mvini' hv F. A. Heath from n 
nhotopraph by Maull k Polybbinlc token in 
iMfi, tbp year ppccediuK his dmlb. 

In eitimnting YnrrettV tnt'rils as a eoo- 
lof[ii(, it mnT he «iid ihni the value of liis 
workfi nnd tlie ndniirntion which ihev blill 
evoke are due to Ihenccurncy of thi informa- 
tion which thev imparl, and lo the aimplicitv 
of »ty|i^ in which they im writtcii; wliilo 
thi-y hnvn the further advantage of being 
well illuKtmii<d with wood eiig^ravinga. Thu 
voliimei on fishei nnd hirJ* were issued in 
jmrts at a time when they wern ranch iweded, 
and the addition* which hnve hrcn tinei> in- 
C'>qH)r!iled in succciwive edilion.i have mndo 
tbetn what they will Ioiik continue to ha — 
the sTandnrd works on thesubjeels of which 
lhi7 trcW. 

(ArchivM nf Ilia LtonFnn and '/xmUigwiX 
Swietiw; oliitu'irj- memoir by ProfcMor Boll 
in I'lue. Linn. Sotr. ISSTi mRnioir bjr EilwaH 
Newmun In lh« /.uolnitirt. ISfiS; memoir bj 
J. T^in Vnont pr*fli»d to thv third edition of 
the Britiah Fisllca ; rt«iitiiWKirH by I,roniinl 
Blomofli'ld (formerly Jeiijnji), priv.'itiily printed 
in IHSJ; ; :ind pi>riK4iid ivcolUcticsit u( t'lvfcawr 
Kenton, with Isltere in his possession.] 

J. E. H. 

TATE8. ED.ML'Nl> (1M1-Ia)4), nor«|. 
i*t, atid fuuiider of 'The World,' the son of 
Freilerjck Hrnry Yates (I7ur-]8|;;| [i\.\.l, 
who married, tii IC23, EILziibeth Itruntvn 
'«pe ViTi:*, Ki.iJ!*nirTll]. nns born diirinK a 
tbeatrlenl tour of his fatli^'r'? company at. 
Howard Ilnce, C'alton Hit), lOditiburffb', on 
3 July 1S31. lie wns hrwnghl a* on infant 
to London, where his cartv honin wan at 
411 Strand (udjoiuinp the Ailrlpbi Thcatm), 
and was haptisi.-d Edmund HcAl)rson, after 
Edmund Byrg of the Torrington family, and 



Yates 



388 



\'ates 



l''r*i(lBricI« Hodgaom. jiroprK'tor of Hodj^n's 
nb, known U 'Browu .Slout.' Tljeodore 
Ilcok, vbo wan uivH-ut Hi lli-< diriii(><'iiin)!:, 
HHid li* sbouW Iiiive been nnmtwi ' ninao 
Sliuf^o ' \h» pnivnU vnrn unit<>d in o&r <ir« 
«irv— to kprp t.hrir urn oil' tho slafcn. Ed- 
munii hnd riiildiili fi-rollpclionii of mnnj of 
llm C'lvbrilii'i of thf day. but nonis uf tlii- 
thi'ktrc. lie Trna nlucatnl at a {ircjiarelurj 
uJiool Rt Hiclij^alt!, auti liit'n at llighgate 
•cliool under Dp. Flyiip. In I ^*1 bo wm »«nl 
far )i vi'iirto pick ii(i f iflmiiin luidiT n nrofmiMW 
■t DuiHivMorr. (hi II Mny l&47,wtion only 
f>ixiwii, thoiigb bp \oak'-~d lomayeu* older, 
tbn-iii2h the inlluciicu of Lord ClnnrirBrde, 
nnf nt' thi' pntriuiB of bis fulbvr. hv ubtatnvl 
nn ni>p('inIiuFii[ in lb»«ei.'Totar^'# Jojiartnioiil 
lit tbi? Eenurtl potl offifB, iinil ro*i> in I8ii2 
10 be bead nf tlie rnitmintt-b-ltrr department 
M a rnlnry «f £00/. llitn^drather, Kdmund 
Bynjt, gnvo him JOiw inpfiil iiilroJuctiotin, 
and in DooombiT IS48 be wa* ulei^tMl a 
tncmbcr of ibir Ourrick Club. Tbe aDiioal 
■piriia whii'b «liriii.'i1 80iiii< pslertiul advicH 
from Sir Iiowlniid Tlill gaxc plnc", nffr ihi- 
flrit few vpnrii of nffici' lifn, lu n dpiirf for 
lilorary di"linPtion, whirh wiu itimulniod 
by an fjirly nmrriiiKB ul Tlie uffi' of (nt-nty- 
iwo. 11b bcffHin Iw wnliiift fur ibi-' Court 
■lourDal' at n wilMy of n jiouud a weyk,' v,-ry 
irreffuUrly p&id,' comribiititifc tnainlr ihea- 
tricral criticrtm; lii» mftidi-n Terwa'On ibo 
Drntb i.>f Tbotnax Mnnm' werci pnbliilind nn 
6 March l^l>%v>. He wnimooncontrlbutinKtn 
ibe ' l^adiTr,' ' jlt-mluy'it MiscRllaiiy,' nitd 
'CbnmWr»'» Joiininl.' and in Ibis suiiii' year 
(185^1 wru ciUL- of tb<.> uripual mvuibeni of 
iho I'ii'UlinK Club, BO iiamt<d hv Tliackcray. 
In IHii'i hv was '>iie of a Roodly nimpnny of 
woll-kiiuwn (.■untribnlors to ihn ' KnquHkc,' 
wliicb wu* kept nlivo nfti-r l.ndy BleMinjf- 
lon'* dt'utb by lirr mi-r-r, MarffUfrilc I'owpr. 
Niwl jiiar liL- loovt-d from Muryli-bonK to 
DoMgbly Slrett. Hiii faihi-r'a iiuuie wam ■ 
nawnt'ord to a iiL'i'tiou of lili-rury and Ttoho- 
mian nocwty.and he rapidly bt'cnniT? fridiidly 
wilb »ucb mon as l'rtprC"nnintfbiini,('liarlp» 
Uickvii), John nelani>, John Oti'nford, the 
BrouKbs, G. .1. Rnln (whom hi- iiibin'i|Ui'MtIy 
iiiirodiiwd to tlw proprit'torri of tbu ' l)nily 
Telegrspb '>,nnd Frank Snipdley. with whom, 
in It^Ci, ho callnbomtL-d in u ubilliug l)Ouk. 
'Slirlb mid Miilre. bv Two Merry Men.' 
lie hod Q tpt-cial kindnesn for Sineillfy, of 
whom lip uivi.'* ft iivm pat Untie pnn.rait in hi" 
' Its col led ion J.' H'^ hud nlnindy cnnlributnd 
lu the then popular 'nhiUinKliKht liti-riituri' ' 
k teriejL of akntchi^* failed ' My Hnunli and 
ihoir Fre<nieiiti'n ' (I*^'>1), and about the 
eamo tiino lie became dramatic i-ritic Bud 
occuiontl ruvievrtr to the ' Daily Htvt,' a 




poal irbirh ho rctninc<I for eii xrtn. i 
salary of 4/. n week. Tn AiifUH I^'> 
edilinl ibv fint numberof iho 'ComkTiii 
xbt' onlconitf of b ahorl'lired fiMul b"ii _ 
Herbert iDgTsm and Mvkom. Ilmdbiiiy k 
Krani, nhi^ ran for f-xir monllui, and vu 
iboR middaily ritingiiitlml iipon ihir inir*- 
ventian of Mark I>-nioii. in tLe iiitcnstj (i 
* Pancb.' Vatu traD^fetreii bis ilaff </ 
biunouKtla lo a new VRDIure, 'Tbi? Tr«r,' 
in nliicli ill the apaee of thirty mcMk* b* 
ran ilirouf fa KKU. In tUo mnoniina W bid 
become n G»niribatorlo * Hotuchold Wordi,' 
and early in 1^57 waa produoed at ibi 
Adelpbi ■.\ Ni«ht at NotlinglliIl,'byNt»lM 
Herbert llarriDiiton and Yftiv«; ittaaeicriM 
by tbp tuilenis'B riolout and ridicukiHa lot 
eiceediuclT funny farce,' It wns fi>tljH«j 
bv ' My Fn^nd ftoiB Leatbcrhrad.'platplby 
Mr. Ti>Je at llin I.TCfumun '2S Feb. ififl."; i 
sketch for Mr. and Mrs. German il«d. anl 
a coinedictiK for the PriocMft'a oallod 'If Ihi 
Cup lits.' In canjune.tian with Haningtra 
Uo wrote three more fam-n -. • VoorLibwaa 
— Ouo Sbitliua." peifonnrd at tlie Straaj 
Tbeairp, April Is'.fi ; ' Double I>iimmy '(I.t- 
ceiim. ^ Mftn>h l$.Vtl: and ■ Hit him', baiiai 
no Friend*!' (Strand, 17 Sept. ll^eu). 

I''n)m an early prrioil Vatea bad been pea- 
tiiiiUHHl by the idf«of introdiicinKaoulBnaaf 
pisraonal goui]) into ■ its{icctsUV]Mie[r. Bi 
unfolded tbia nunl tdc« to TInnry ViiHellT 
jj|.v,]. wlio.wbvtihettartedtho 'IlluMalii 
TimH'in IV)!*, mad« llie ex|ieriiiieni wjsi 
n cidumn onlitl«d 'Tlie Lounenr at ibf 
Cliibi.' VatM wiH an micctttaful with tbii 
tliiit ill May 18S8 lin wax MWled by Jobi 
Mux\iet1 toedit o new paper, lo beolM 
'Town Talk.' Ai n foil lo an adulatort 
notice of Dickens in ibu fint niiuiber. ViM 
cnmpfwiMl for Xo, 2 a very imp<Ttin«nl uA 
uufnejidiy akirt.cb of Tbaekerar. A <•«* 
nbimt hi* timivnTTinK waaliollvmitDtnlbr 
Thackeray, who conttuidMl tliat ibc (air 
place wherv Valei coald bavt- mistd IM 
colour* for Ibu prvtended |iortr«it u-si ttr 
Oarrick Club, aa a member of which body 
hf demanded r^paralioB, A painfal aItM<w- 
lion oniui'd, and was onl* eotic-IuiM kj 
YalesV niime Vriniritrnrlr nfflhn liii nf mil 
br:n (L11 July IS'^Fi). Ilo bore the deoMO 
with f oiirn)^. but it wan a i ery avrcn; bto". 
Hid chief udtiw-r llitDUghout (be aSmit taJ 
been nicketiB, beiwevu whom and Tha^m; 
a lasting ccilDeat cntiiM). Tha eqiiabUF 
»mouldereid for come time. * Vnoctf Gnb- 
Kln-Pl ' in ibc ' Virglniana ' was rcfta'dcd U 
a hit nt Vntei, wlio ri-tnr1i>(l in n bitter D^J 
reiitv upon * Bouillnbaiau),' urinled in il^H 
'IlluntrBted Time*,' S9 Jan. IMS. Ya^^ 
•Inted hb vcHioR of the affair in 'Vr. 



J 



Yates 



389 



Yates 



Tback^rnr, Mr. VsUA.aDd ihe G^rrick Club,' 
printed for privatecirciiUiioniii IdCD.avery 
■Ctrc« ptDtphlM. lUrnalntod UwMmnfncU 
in » cbuter nf hiii ' ItccollRCtion*.' 

In llraO be bMuma ixcliii|/i.ilitor nf Mnx- 
nrcU'ii new KnaJ, ' Tpmple uai,' Jeaipn-d an 
a ciral to lliu * Coniliill, with G. A. tinU an 
tua Domiiial chief. By Aecuriug ibe iioivl 
• Auron I-loyd ' •nd tbs •(.(lady ei)-o[mr«(ioii 
of Mint llrandon, lia rnidemd wlinl wuk nnr- 
hap* hi« grcnUMt wrvics to ' Tumpli^ liiir.' 
For four yean he ww Nile edii»r of ibin 
periudiciil, but he riwigned it in the lutuinor 
of ttt37, »nd (ooktdtam of ' Tiiuloy'i Ma^ 
sine,' a uew lUuatntea monthlj'', of wluub 
he milvd four TCi]uiaM,c(>inini'iic'ing.Atiji;ii»c 
1807. Twolvu yaor* lnll^^, in .Vpril \^'», h^ 
NtwtRd ynt nnnthKr ma^axiiii', ' 'I'lm* : n 
Monthly llim^ulliiity uf luiorvitiiie >nd 
Amuaing Lit«rBtu»,' wliicli he cuntluotod 
tor &i« ye&re, lu IWii, iiisiiirxil liy tbi* rx- 
unple 01 Ui» fnruK^r intiiii&1« fri^tiil, Alberl 
Satilh (of wliom hp wrolft n. ' .M«moir,' iir»- 
fiswl in 1SI30 to ihn volumn nntillfld ■ MonI 
Itlonc'), bacoudibiti^d B nhort but mppnmiful 
leeturiiw MMUioii ul ibe Egyptinii Hull, bis 
tfaenw being nutinly douiuI; nud in 18et4, to , 
fill S Umpanrj gnp in ibi^ uuvt^liai'i dt-part- 
av&t of 'Temple Iinr.'bi- wroteahiKbly >ac- 
emTul workiJflclion, ' Itrokon to IlftrDees: 
■ Story nf ICnalitli Domi'ttic Lifn.' Font«r 
coBununtvd upon it nt lEaiLihiU. ' It in Nolly 
VltTJ goud, mv lienz DicllL-iis.quiti^its K"™!'** 
ADlhOoy Trullugv.'lu wiii<.'h Diokaiu rppliwl, 
*Thati8 not very bi^U prairie'.' Exoept tbst 
tbey Yr»« both wniiiii*i of the post office, 
tbera i« not tniicb in cnmrnoB between the 
noTiilifts. Tbo novel* of Yntiw axu pOMibly 
superior in workmnniUiip nnd con«lrur.llon, 
nbuuudiu^iu ibi^vdo in strong nituiiliiiiB.hut 
tb(^y lirck lliu abidiug int^reat that ultacUvs 
totlie Wtof IVollope'tvrork. TlieyarHverv 
iiniii]ufl1 ; 'Hrrikiin to HnnieM* and *Bl4CK 
Shii'p ' nrc pcrlinp* tlin two but. 

lUvinK reliuquiabcd the' Lniinnnr' in Ibo 
'IIlustratiidTiiDrj,' Vuiirspommencrdiimikr 
coluuiiis, publishiKl •.-very Mondny. in the 
'Moroing Star,' licutded 'The Fluuvur,' and 
to the •anie paper coatributfd siai'icti and 
«M*2ra ntyirtd 'Itnadinp by Starligbl,' At 
til* cbwe nf the Kiltie*, iMuides iidvpU and 
'•p)!cia1 ' work on tho ' Unily News,' be win 
oOBtribulinc regulnrly to ' All tbo Vi^nr 
RouDiI ' and llie • Ubnerver,' and UN ' Mrs. 
Seton* waa contributing a weekly arlifte, 
called 'Five o'clock Tea." to the'" Queen.' 

j In 1871, in coUaboration with A. W. Du- 
bouni, bawrolna r.hrrcMKt drama, ' Without 

] Love,' for tho Olytnpii'. 

[ Meantime, in 1870, Vat» nbandnni^d hi* 

I never very atduuu* duties in Lho miMin^ 
VOL. LUII. 



I VOL. Li. 



etlt^r branch, and acrcplodaspecialpoat under 
FranciN Ivriii tjcudamot* [n.v.J, the &nl ad* 
miniitrattwof tbotalMnundejiartnieoi. llis 
dutjwaa by peraonaTat^icititticin to obtain 
the eounenl of corporate bodie* luid nnvare 
lAaduwuerv to theerecttuu uf tele|{riipb puteji 
nn their domaiuH. in view of the great cxien- 
"ion nf the lelejirra^i ft»r» ice conteuiplaled by 
thn ftnvnmment. TheM* dntiiu occupied lire 
yeani, ul tlienxpiralion of which Yatet retired 
irctui the post ohiciton n pennon of :!00^a year 
( March XST'JX In Seotember Iif72 he ooin- 
meuced at New York a leciurioii tour in 
America. He was generally very well ro- 
Ottived. llanog five months he travelled 
twcntv-Mxt.houmnd miles, delivered ItWIec- 
litt«]i, and filnarod l,ftQOI. JNIornover he ob- 
t«ined n poit upon tbo atat!' of thn ' New 
York Heruld ' worth 1,200/. a year. In th« 
' Herald's lubard,' aa he styles it, be traveUod 
for tiome tnoutba at a viuleul pace between 
the vnrioua capiTuU of Kurope, Grently 
noi-diiifC rest, be determineil tipoii realimni; 
a pr^ect whie.h he had Ions had in his miud^ 
the foundation of a rc-Ulively miMctixbltt | 
' aociety pBTwr.' While in I'otis, in the early 
aumuiHr 01 If*T-l he gut IJr^nrittu Murray 
[q.vJ l>) joiu him in eiuburkiuir CWl., nxii 
on 8 .Inly 1S74 appeared the first niimher i 
of *Tlin World: a Joiimnt for Men and 
Women.' Yalnn waioditnr-in-rJiiuf,and his 
■laff during the first jmr inuludc^d Jlown^ 
Labouehere, T. 11, S. Eacott. Arcbibnld 
ForbeBiF.I.Seudauioru.H.W, Luey.I>ut(oa 
Cook, Mortimer and Wilkie Collins, Miss 
Braddnn,Hrrd .Mrs. Lip-nn l.inlon, Kri^ed from 
the dilKtncoful penionnlitics whieli liAd die- 
figured inch predoeosuom u tho '.\gi>' and 
the 'Satirial.' tbe'tjupon'i Mo»cngor.' the 
'Uwl 'and 'Echoes oft he L'lubi.'t lie 'Worldj'l 
after proGtably euceun taring w^uie not verrj 
aenous le^ opposition, wa« an eblablithedl 
■iicceas within »ii mnntlis of its inceplion>] 
Murrav, who pmitted in rvifsrding tb»l 
jounuil a» an aRoocy for ilm conduct of prl-i 
viite vendettu. wm bought out in Dereinlier 
l(*".l for SjOOO/., and the 'World" horjima 
the sole piopeny of its luiinuger, Edoiun'l 
YatwB. A duslinclive feature of i!ie new 
weekly was the frequent uiie of thn first pi'r- , 
son Miiffiilar in its cohimn<. Vnli>h'i< suci'eea I 
ennbled him to indulge bin bo*pirjibln in- 
(tincta in I'ortland I'lBce,and,iu addition, to 
maintain a Bum mer residence on lh<> tipper 
Thames. The ex-iuemberof theOarriek was 
now elected a mnmbor of the Carlton Club, 
nis diicrction, however, was not always] 
above roproaeh. In January IfiS-t thnre ap-l 
pnariKl iu tho ■ World ' aliboUous paragra^l 
rafurring, though not by name, to tho ISaii' 
of liOnsd&le. Yat«a was found guilty of 

n 



Yates 



390 



Yates 



crimin&I 111x1(^2 April 1884), and, aJUr tlu 
fniltire of nn nppi-Al, wiu in .lotinuj 1885 
>«iilvnr«]lofnurinanth^impri*iraiiiMit. !!• 
VIM TcUobNl nlWr tifvva w««k*, but tba in- 
cident left a permanent niiirlc upon liim. 
Up to tliB lart, liowpvtT, 111- wii-lilwl bid p»n 
wilb LJH »1(l fiwitit]'. Huiirvly fr«« from tb« 
Mt'rbity ond doublfiil ln*t« whidi i»»t be 
detccMd in »oin^ of hi> joiimKlintic work 
wu bis (Mi^htfiil ' Kdmiind VnrM ; bis R^ 
CollMtioiM nnd lCxpuricncc>'(18M, 1> vab. 
8Tn; Irh cdil. 18.S->, 1 vo).)t « ^'^^ full of 
tBt<?railiii^ u»ruiuri<M, but. Mmeislly enlor- 
tsininK BH tvgnrda Ixmilon in ihc fortin*, 
CfaulM Dieken«,Sir Rowland Hill, Antlionjr 
Trallope, flnd thn •ndjr writer* for ' Puncb " 
or it« ' camiei ' i^rnU. 

VntCT bad a looB illncu in tin? vrinler of 
18!)3-4 ; hu rvMimcd from lb» coutint-Tit iiu- 

Spn-vd in lienltb in A)>rit, but r^laDsoil, nnd 
ied ralbfr widdeiilv at th.> Savor Holrl on 
20 Atay |Sfl4, agod'ei. A fiinn'ral MTvico. 
wan litld in tho Savov Chapel on 2J May, 
nfW which thi! rcmumt wrnt mnovw! to 
■Wolting to he crpioatpJ ( Time/, 'i't May 
1891). ¥BtlWIUlL^^il^din IS'i^ LouUa Ealha- 
nne, dttuifbtw of Jamw Wilkinson the 
awurd tiiak<'r, of 37 T^tll Mall, and had four 
SMif>. His widnw divrd at tho Carlton Hotel 
on 37 Jan. lOOO. 

An rnnr([oti(! m»n of eonsidprabi* vi-ma- 
tilily, it WM IM n journalisl tliul YuXtus <^\- 
etlXea, and \» hadagrealnftof aayiDK^hal 
bo bod to amy in a readable style. ' He wa« 
• mosl gvuial and wit.ry man, an *Mit4irtain. 
ing converwilinnnlisi, and nn rswiitionnlly 
od after-dinniT spHokcr' (7>«/A, lil May 



YntM'a ji-pamtplv published work* in- 
clude: 1. 'An-^r O'liici! lloure,' 1661 and 
leai 3. 'Broken m Hamea*,' 18«4, 18(W, 
And I69T (0tk edit.) ; iinrciral .\mnriean ndi- 
tioDS, and a vi^rsioR for thn ' Itrviia d«a Uuux 
Moadp«,'l.tart(cf..<fA«7*KBi,afl .Nov. 1881). 
8. ' Pac" in WftitlnR." 186:^. 1. ' Tbu Buai- 
itMa of I'lnuure,' Ir<UQ, C. 'Land at LaM.,' 
1869, 18(17, and \m>: a Frencli veraion aa 
■ Un Dnime de la Rue," 1>W1. P. ' Running 
theOauiillel,'1«ifi and 18(i7. 7. 'Kinsing 
tb« ftyl.* 1866 and 1867. 8. 'Thn Forloni 
How,' IS67. 0. ' The Black Hhircp,* 1867 and 
19w4: tirvi^rnl Am^riFan edilionH. It wna 
driimntiKi'd by tlii> author and J. 1*. Simpson, 
and printed in ml. Ixxxi. of iiAcy'« ' Actiug 
ITavs." 10. 'Tbo Rock Ah.<ad,' iSlSa 
] I . • Wrecked in Port,' 1 8fi9. 1 2. ' A Rigliied 
Wrone,' ie7a 13. ' Dr. Wainwri^hl'a Pn- 
tiaot.'1871. ll.'Nobody'aFortuni'.' 1871. 
1.1. -rnatawav.' 1872. 10. 'A WaitinR 
lUw.,' 187L'. '17. -TUo VrflowFhif.' IS72. 
18. 'Two by Trick*; ItfJJ. 19. 'Thelm- 




M: TiatK , 



pending Sirord,' 1874. 20. 'The 
WitiMsv,' l^.'i. ITa condMised into 
mlnma )it«. Matbewt'a {imrtx * Ijf* 
CluarlH )l*tbri»'|18eQ), and rdiird Smd- 
Icr'a 'Oathend Loavm/ 'nith ft nhiBniil 
pnrfB«« (18SS), and Mortincr OoiUiia'a 
■ Thoughu in my Oarden,' 1680. 
[Yatac^ RaMn«cti«H and KcperieaeM («a 

Enmit): Tisatally'a GUncn hat-k tkra«|k 
TtDty Y(«ri, ISS3. riiai'. ziii : Foz-Boon'a 
Bogliin Kciripipen ; Battoe'* JiKtrnaliatirLi*' 
doa. 1 8S3. pp- SG tq. ( witb portrait } ; Sp«e1aan^ 

Uitt.orPiiMh. lf^9s.pI>. 19, 144. i;3.3UkSU. 

313, 3»0; Sals'* Lifii and Adreatniw, IMf. 
pauim ; Athcneiut, 38 Uay tSM; 'nai%. 
32 Hay IH94 and 30 Jaa. 1900 : 
London .tawa. 36 Mar 18»4 (with , 
Alliboa^'■ Diit. of Eofliali Litaratus? 
Ua>. Cat.) T. S. 

YATES, Mw. ELTZABETn flTW- 
1«60), act(«a*, born at Norwich om 21 Jaa. 
17911, eaine of a thaatrical family. Uer 
^niUatlier. John Bniuloa, Bdol si Covtu 
tlardpn in 1774 ; li«r father, also John Bnn- 
tou.bom in 177.^, went tat tba stage iainSk 
and, aaitriintnTijitn. from Norwi^ appacrad 
ar C<iT«nt flardenan 22 Sept. 1800a« Vtvif 
rick in ' Loiiiaa'a Vows,' and raaaajj^ at 
difTaront. periods tbeatiM in Brigtiton, Bir- 
minitbaiii. Lvnn, and otker pUcca. BU»- 
betli'aauut, Anna Brunlon, flmappeandw 
MiM Brunlon at Bntb nn 17 Feb. ]T8Q is 
iliepart of Eiiphraaia inthc'GnrcianDu^ 
tor, nnd by that nanie or aa Mrs. Merrv was, 
at Corcnt (!ard<!n.tbe orif^nal .AiDSOtkia in 
tho '("hild of Nature,' and plajad a eaw- 
plot« round of jiarta in comedy and UafV^yi 
while a wooua aunt waa Loiiiaa Brwuan 
( 171*4-1 WJO), who marriod OB 12 0Ml 18 
nllliam CraTon, fint ««rl of Otwrcn [« 
CiuvKR, I^i-ta*. CotnTTBaa of]. 

On I,'! Mnrch 1815, in b«- fittbi^'i 1 
at l.ynn, EliMbi-th Brunlon madpfOal 
mono to th« tJihello of CharlM Kenblti 
ker GtbI Bpiieatanca on the stagei. Bar 
father thou^bl lier tat<>itt]i more noitad to 
eouiedy than Imgcdy, and the. nnit played 
li^titin Hardy in the ' Belle'* Slrali^<rni to 
thi> Dorirourt of H'ibert William KlliflOOi 
who cnj^iri'd ber for hia Ibeatn^ st Binning 
ham. .She playttd aim in \Voroe«(«r, SliRni^ 
bury, nnd Leifwii^r. Hartia tb«B 1 
her' for C-iveQl Rordcn, when OD IS 
lt'17, na Mi)>a nrMnlnn,abc mada ha 
app>-nrancn in l^ndon' in the part of [<tilii 
Ilarily. Shi- pppealed lliu part on the IBlT 
and Iith. nnd on the 10th woa Roaalisdt 
'Aayou like it.' The -Tlieatrieal Inq 
tor' f^ra aonie prai»e to her I.MtlJa, 

Eroiiounced her ttoanlind a failurs. \i _ 
int« in the * Wondra,' Min Hsideattla in 



' Sh« ttaoft ta conquer,* n^lric« in ' Miifti 
Ado thoat Nothing,' ^'inl^ in ' Twelfth 
Ni^hl,* Irangcn, (^or* in ' I'iinrm,' Lndy 
£]iube(h KrvclovL- in thi< ' Dot after tli« 
"Wedding,' and Slyrtillo in ito ' Broken 
Swotd ' wen) auluil durinji Itur fiisl MWuu, 
in wliich ti» WM on 1^ eept. lb» original 
Boml ta in itejnolda's ' Dulie of Sftroy.' n«r 
Dttotrifv tvas praisoH. On 2i Aug. 1819, n» 
Lctitia Itnrdj, ihe appMivd nl hdinbitr^h. 
Tlio iH-'Mon of 1SI8-UI MW licr at (,'oviml 
Garden M I.ndv Tmile. Funny in 'Thf 
CUuulealine Murriugi',' Widow Bullmuur in 
'Ttw Way t't knrp him,' Ljdia Laii^uiaL, 
Roaara in 'Sli« wonlil au<) «he would not,* 
BliM Titliip in ' Bon Ton,' nod MlM Woo- 
bum in ' Hrrry aiw linn his Fault..' Sho had 
■n original pure in ' A Wonl fnr tlin Ijadie*,' 
and waa llit- liril Jc^iinii! Ucaa* in Tirrry'i 
•daptatiou, ' TIm Heart of MidlulUiim,' 
17 April 1S19. Next hmmd tbo touk MiB« 
Prim in ■ l^^vo for Lore,' Sophia in the 
• Road lo Ituin,' Dortndu in Dnil«o's ' Tem- 
peM,' Elvira in ' l^^vn makfui 'a }ilna,' anA 
WM Uw fint Clotildn dn Biron ia Mor- 
ton's 'Henri ftnaU*' on 22 April 1820. 
EDg^THUMita at the put<nt tli«atrvs were 
gQiinrallv for thri« yuani, and afU-r tbis 
•oniuin iliiu Druntoa diM^ipeored IJrom Cu- 
VMil Onrden. 

She visited the oountry, and vhen her 
father took the Wnit London 1'h«Atr» in 
Tottaohain Stniel (lubtcqiumtly thii CJiieitn'ii 
and th« Prince of WaIeB*»)£;itMbntliBrun ton 
joiaod him, n[K-iiiiig on 9 tiepl. 11^22. She 
nlayod in ' Itochetter,' 'Thruu Weeks aflBr 
jfarringe,' ' Shit stoops ioconqu«ir,*iiiid other 
piecca. On Iho &iliir« of t1i« experiment 
abe weal once roorc into iho country, wliire 
afap net and tnarrieil t'nidcrick Ilnnry Ynlcji 

iq. T.],wieh whom «be had nct^ii at Uriiry 
janc. II<T mnrriagv look piuco in Hath in 
Norcwbar 1823. 

On 21 Atiril 1>t^.t she ha<l aupvuiwl in 
Bath as Albiaa Manderillu ru tli* ' Will,' 
and in this and the otason of li^'^^^, ns 
Mi»» Uriiutoa, »he w»« sen as Itnlindn in 
'All in the Wrong," u AcIiVMof All Wnrk, 
Clarinda in (he * ^uitiifious Iluiiband,' the 
IVMint ItoT. Hfleii Wurriitt in -Man and 
WEfo,' Akddin, Widow C!>-«1^ in Uie ' Sol- 
dier's Dnufffater,' ?ilita Dorillun in ' Wirtvas 
tb^ were, Cynthia In 'Oberanand Cynthia,' 
I LMy RadfHt in 'ThrM Woeka aftxr .Mnr- 
I t'lMgt,' Biddy Tiukin in the 'Tvndcr Hut- 
band,' IVilly Bull in ' Fantninnblimn,' Clara 
in 'Uatrinionr,'aDd Ollviu in 'Bold Stroke 
for B Hiubnml.' Uii 20 Nov. 1H23, a» Miw 
Brunlun, rbf nlitrcd Lydia Lanffuiah and 
I AetrcM of All ^(orh: nrtil on 3< Dw., as 
I Un. ¥al«« latu Uiss Brunton, Harriot in ■ Is 



heinilousP' Sh« nUynd with harhtMbttlld 
at Oholtcnbaoi, and on 20 Uct. 1834 niada 
aa Violante her first apmaronco at Drury 
liBM. She wai on 17 Fab. l62o tbe firat 
Guido in ' Mu8)<anieUo,'and tlic fint Agnta in^ 
Know1«<9's ■ William T«U' on It MaT|j 
played Mr*. Fniil in 'Lore for Love.' Cia-<| 
ricaa in the ' Confndcracy,' Ai]n>ra in tlia 
' I'nnel," Isnbinda in Ihi- ' Busy Body,'Coin- 
stAUliiL (an uri^iuol (lart in Lnnn'n ' ^'hita 
Lies,' 2 Dec. lS2fl), Counter WinterMUi ia 
the ' Si ranger,' and somu few other part*. 
In this engagement her huhaDd did not 
share. At rha houw last named she waa 
snen in l)oci;mbfr 182i4 as Onnthe in t'^Il- 
hair* ' ICartbmiake,' and on 2l' Oct. 1830 na 
Alice in Buclotono'a ' Wrepk Aihofti.' In 
Buckatoiie's 'Victorine' »!«• wn» Victorinn 
in Ocliiber 1831. In [!uck>ituue'« 'Hun- 
riettu t]ie Forsaken ' in November 1889i| 
Henrietii>, and in his 'iKtbsllu' on 27 Jan, 
1S.34 Isah«lln. .'ihn was Monn in Charlea 
.Mathews'* 'Trnth' on 10 March 1T34, 
KliiabethStoiituninFilxbaira'TomOrin^lo' 
oti 2'! May, V'olshu in Siirlinjt Oovno'a 
• Vttlnha ■ on 80 Oet. 18S7. and (.imcu "Dar- 
ling in Siirlin^a ' Oraoe DarliuE ' on 3 Dec. 
ISSd. Sbe was MUs Aubrpy in Peake'ii ■ Ten 
Thousand a Year,' Alarsur-t Mnmiuoa in 
Itaynoldson'a *Cur«] of Mammon,' Siiirer, 
1 Anrll 1839. After the death of her hus- 
band, in June 1B12, ahe eiuaved a yc^) 
niann(^'Uieiii at tha Adolphi witti Gladdtane, { 
but found the task too iDUuh forbi-rslreuglli, 
and afae was for one aooson at the Lyt-eum, 
whore in 1848-8 shn played Tilborina in th« , 
' Critic ' and othar part.i. Shn then witb- 
dmw from the atnge, and, niter a lonff and ' 
painful illneiu, died on 30 Auf(. 18u0 at 
Kcutisli Town according to her son'ii book ; 
on Sept., at Brij,'lLlon, according lo iho 
' Era ' nen'tpajH.'r nrjd ibe ' Kr* Almanack' 

In her early csrwr Rtm. Yates clmUaDfadj 
comparison with other le^iding uctrmSM. B^' 
fore she married, the hod lost somowhac 
of bar vogue. Shu utng with tn-ite nnd 
fusing, but had little voice. She was better 
in comedy — heratylu being very uaturaland 
unnCTeoted — than in The emotional partaaho 
waBiulierlHleyeancalledupon toplkr. Sbft i 
'waa of middle sixe, with Katiiroa plaasinf I 
rather than heauiifuT. A miniatar* byj 
Stump of Cork Street was in the noaacaaioa 
of hnr son. A p<irt™il of her aa tu^jeniii in 
' Swoctlicorta and Wives' accompuniea a 
memoir in iho 'Tliealricaf Times' {i. 209), 
2S Sov. 18»6. 

[Tim autliorilinn for the lif.- ot Eliubtlb 
Yates are in iho nuiin tho aam* n« thou fnr 
Frederick Henry VhIm. A ihort Lif* apjiMn , 
io Ili4 DpHmiHJc nnd Muaicol Rcritw. vii. 3S0i | 

02 



Yates 



«9» 



aad B iMftr lib in Mm, C Bbuhi WJtoMt'a uidMiwe 
Osr Adn^M. Her dMlhUaatitediDtlivE*^ muuMT, and 

tsapt. iseo.f J. K. 



TATGS, FREDERICK nE.\R\V( 1787- 
ISU), •ctcr, Uw TOtiaMM son of ncMiM 
VatM, • Mbaceo ■■■■ Actorcr, of Umibm 
9Uvrt utd BmmU Sqnre, Loadtni, WM bom 
(m4Feh.l79i. Be*rMedimt«d»ftprapm- 
totracbMlstWinclimenHil], iM*r En8«U. 
«lier« Iw net Joko Rmtb (q. r-l, his *ub«^ 
meBta«ocial«>,»B<l*>tI)pCbut«AiNw* miliar 
Dm.RatiwudRu»ril. lIcobUiiMdklimtb 
ia th» commiwfittt daparlraoit. wm wttb 
Wslliaglca in ibe l^imtilB. ana, it u nid. 
tkmyh tliia ia doubtful, at WsUtIuo. After 
tiie ftae t be wMit to » baey ball in lb* di*- 
net«r of Somno, • part plsral hy ibe ddrr 
Malbewf. Ilm* hn mi>> )lathi>wi himwif 
[»H> MtTiiKWH, CiiAKUs^, urbon in tbe 
winirr of ISIT ISbeaeeaa^aiucd tof'rnDCir. 
lie ha<l then, at llatliewa'«aaTiee,dc4ciiiiii>Ml 
upon tdoptiag Lbe U*^ aa » probtuoo, 
and bia Btsl ap]i«araiiea waa uarde dociu 
tbia br^ at UonWii*, in SiMtt'a pan M 
FnaliaB in Cnlnan^a 'S^mtuir Inajpr- 
wood' t« tba SflvcdM" Owmrwood m hia 
eonpaiiiain. On 16 Fi-b. 1818, ai Ualgcnt, 
an oritpoal put in a tnffedf eallad 'The 
Appeal,' he iii*d« at Bdinbumi bi* fint ap- 
peamic« ' oa tlua lu^ ana flftb on anj 
•caeie.' Ontlia Slat h9 vtot«d Sbflock.on 
tba S0tb lago, on IS Uarcb Richard 111, 
on IR March Boliiufarolca to Kcan'a 
Ricbani II, on 6 April Jaquca, and gave 
for fain benefit on sO April Richard III 
and Actor of all Work. In lliu aiunmcT 
hei*un]'cDaaBu«ki[i ID 'Killing no Miud»r,' 
f^vu imitations a(^«r the xtyl* of Matbeiri, 
and i&og • Tb* Mail Oiach/ This laat waa 
bia fint otaaj" in a linn in which mbMqucntlf 
ba ma to win refutation. On 7 Aipt. hn 
waa aeen a« Dominic SazDpwn. 

On 7 Not. iei8. u ■ Vat« from Edin- 
burgh,' be made hi« fint apjiearaucv at 
Covent Garden, playing Issn to the Oihello 
of YoiUl^i thn CaiUio of Chnrlea Kcmblft, 
the I>Mdeini>na of Slim O'Nnill, end Kmilia 
of Fliiobcih Itrunlon, wborn br married in 
1823. Hit perform anco wai received with 
niudi laTOur, and he relumed lu eontinuc 
an unftniahrd eugngemeot in Edinburgh. He 
arrived on 4 Dec, and on 6 Jan. Idltl played 
FaUtaff in the ' Merry Witw of Windsor.' 
Bach in London bnfon- ih» •rnaon v/un aver, 
be niada bia Micond niipoaruiK^n at Cov^oil 
Garden on 18 April tu r alttaS in tho ' Fint 
Part of KinK H^nry IV,' in wUith he crentnd 
a favourahle impresiiuii. lie waa snid to 
'ditCOrergrvat^niuSi'thoughhiij lauf-h wan 
declared to be violent rather than Juvial, tind 
bi« delivenj of the tolilaqaiei laboured. Th« 



Yates 

■mm Ovm tke ■ 



with to 



n if wcb pimniam^ ratnnr 

coMaJy and tMedT. (ih^ir ia 'Js 

Sbora'Mknnd, ud on 19 Mar YatM ««. 

tba flat Bettbold in Matsrui'* • Fndeifa.' 

OnthaSSad in 'Oiiiit. iii Half an 11 

in Frnnee,' a piaee hrteaJwd ta iAdv ka 
renniility, ba pla^ Otdc MotaUe ind 
nanj oiber Mttb Ommm myt 'te adv^ 
very wvU.' SyliBitof Pe Mjw ^ mod .Oawaia 
' JuUua Cawar,' t\M Cra^mui in ' Lalb^' 
and llob Roy foUowcd. On 17 Jttne ■ 
■\^n, l.air, andl'farak*beplaT«d F1e^U^ 
' aftar tbo — ""■" of tbe ongiiul y atamit' 
(Uatlmrs), and Oa (fca SStd. for his bnefei. 
witb othar MtertainiMBto b«r played Shy 
lodt and gave, aa Uck in tht • AppnMin^' 
imitation* of Younr. EnMt?. Sim nona, K«^ 
KpBible, MiindRii,lllanebard,MatlMW«,«aa 
Mavlrr RMtT. The aeaaon of 1 819-30 •»• 
bim ai Macdaff, Boni&oe in tbe 'Bean' 
^ralafcm,' and, for bia benefit, Richard HI 
'after W own manner.' In a revival ef lb* 
'Manager tn KAreaa' b« waa OvmtUmaa 
■oa tba attga and in ibn boiea,' and nre 
farthar imitatioaa. NcM acaaoe, 1830-I.ke 
waa tba Apotbecary in * Robbo and JnbMi* 
had on onpnal pan an 'Figure ot Tm^ 
an tinprtnted piece whieb wna damnad «n 
Id Jon. 1821; BiMtldngbam in 'Kiag Ri- 
chard III,' the flrat Peia^rruia Plnral in "unf 
don Star«,or Twaa Tim» to Conn rerfei t,'a as*- 
act piece wrillenlo mil hisccc<'ntricitM*:u 
orifpnel part in 'tirand Tour, or Stopped i> 
Rocbcftpr;' Mo«m in 'School for ScniuUi' 
Calo the Ccntor in a burleoqur callnl ' Si 
Spcreta^ or Public Men in Private Li: 
1:^ Jnoe; and Mattltrw Sbarptvl in 

■ Slave.' He pU^ an orisinai pwt i 
Hacrtady in tba ■ llngiHiBot, 1 1 Dit. I8S1 

At C'oTrnt (iardcn Vatea remainod mlil 
tbe doao of the fnson of 1834-6. He*** 
lh« original Ituiatd o{ I be MiM in Poooek'i 
'Montroee, or the Childrsu of Ibe Hid,' 
14 Feb. 182^; Orui«a in Olman'a ' Lav «f 
Javs.' II May: plavol for the> fintt ti»« 
Mortlecai in * Lot* k In .Mod*-.' OratiaiK^ 
IjipDcha in ' Fonlaincht<«u.' Gibbr in lb* 

■ Wonder," Hobltw, (llenalvoo in ' Dot^b*,' 
Joseph Surface, and P'lnuikinin 'Gioianniia 
Ijundon;' waa the firu Skvlark in PnnkDll^H 
■Diiel/IBFeb. 18S3: and ii>ili 1bepriiiri)ii^H 
pAnin'TeaandTnrnnul'(withimiIatieiii^H 
'J$ Mav. He wa* the original Raron "^1 
Atringnaiiiwn in tbo ' Beacon of liberty,*^^ 
8 Or).; Montalba in tbe ' Ve^n J 
IWurmo,' 11 Dec.; Comet Carmine " 
Croly'i • Pride thai] bive a Fall.' 1 1 Mink 
lH2ii Count Gaud*ntia in ' Ravenna, or 
Italian Lcve,' adapted from Scluller,3 Dec; 




A 



niu] \'Bli-iitmi> V«rMtiItf in Luuu's ' Lofty 
Projects,' ±j April. lie wag Hunoiinci;^ to 
uppi^ur 81. Vaiiihiill on 24 July 1.^^- in an 
4-iitiiitainin''iiI written for bini bj 'a moct 
piuinnnt and favouritp aiitlinr.' In bi? cnllrd 
' tia«t; Hketcbes. or ^'uuxlinU ScfoaT,' but 
bmkv hia le|{ al rvlii^ariiiil on Uiu my of 
ppffarmanL'v. S'uti«w;ii'.-ully be ^avu (liia 
i-iitvrtatum<^nl 9t IlriKiiloii, He hxil fallf'n 
LD public <.'«Iiiiiai>inW)>iiii hi* Cornni. Cnrinino 
nuored Iiim to friTOUr. In ibi* picRr> tlip con- 
dnct of ibi' 10th hiiunm wu latiri.vxl, and 
tbo alliuians to wvll-kuowii pruc^cedin^'s on 
tlwir iNMt caaght tliu ioh-u. He alao ap- 
puarcc in a p'lvw uu luu^r lrac«tiblv, otllml 

* Tbe Boi btwd *»il Old \gv of Mr. YalM.' 
Se was ID the conntry in iIir nntiimn nf 
18^S, and h« innmRd Klii:nt)«ih Itriiiil.nn 
Tmo Yatiu, Kuxkurin] at Bath in tbu 
Kosirnbt-r of iliat year. 

la MnfL-h iwe tboAildphi Tbi-atrx waa 
puccliuAiHJ for tlia sum of 'JC.OOU/. by T«rry 
Btid Val«6, who opened it on lU Oct, with a 
dnaift caIM ' Killi^w,' in which Imth of 
thaEaippMredftogclhBr with Wrrnrli, John 
Bcvvo, and Mn. l-'ittwilliani. 'Ibn I'ml 
•L-kMin wu « auccpM, il4 moni coni|uciit>iis 
feature being Fitxball'a mlnptaiiou of tbu 
'Pilot' (SI Oct. lt^lK^ wliidi wm Iils,v<.-<1 
two bundr«d Difcbla, T. P. Cui>k«< wn« ilio 
Look Tom Coflin,T*rry the Pilot, and Yoi.'j. 
Barnitabl". Thn Lhaatfe rnnprm-d with tbt^ 
' Pilot ' and BuckUoiw'a * Lukn the l.a- 
bonrrr,' follon-ed in Decembi-r by Fiuball'ii 
' Fljinit Uuli'bniiLti.' witb Yiitiia an Toliv 
Vaimib. ' Tbirtv Ypini of a Oaaibli'tV 
Lilu' and 'Paris and Lon'Km' wen* fiUo 
given- T^TTv'* tlnnnrinl ■unhnn'mumnnt* led 
10 hia rotirmnont from tin- partnc-nhip nnd 
death fa« TkART, DjMi:!.], nnd thi-Ihciitra 
opemKlon lii) Heft. l^'J^ undrr lL« muiiaf*!?- 
incnt of Ciuirles Slatlitwti aud Yali-i. In 
the "Eartbqiiftkc,' by I''it«ball, Mr*. Yuti-n 
Bjip-ian?!! »i tin* Adfiljihi, VBti-Aliiimi'lf plflv- 
is^ ItT. Kullibnh hi FilibnU'*' ItiMi lEoTi^r,' 
py<m ill 18i>(^and revived in ISSI.howna 
tbn lied Itovi-r, nnd in Ibn ruvivnl of tbo 

* Floatiiif; HtMLL-iin' of ibf eami^ aullior hi! 
waa An^rat'tir, i.-iiplam of the b«arau. 
Hatliaws and YalM at«o caw a joint. #nt^i^ 
iBinniPiit. tn T tucks to nn R ' Wrrcli Adior*' 

$91 Oct. IK-TO) Ynt.-i> wii« Mil™ Hcrtnim. 
n tbo ' IlitoriptUr tlw formiiien ■ of tbo 
HBmo niitbur Ik wbh Frrdinaiid d» Monval ; 
in liifl' Viulurini;'(Octobi^r 1)^3^) Ali-xundrv; 
1 and iuhis'IaatiQllH' (27 Jan. 1831) Euj^uv 
' le Marc. il« had al«o b«en wtm aa Rip van 
' WitJtle, Alfred in Mal.hawa's 'Truth, and 
in HollV ' C!rac« lIonlloT ' nnd other piivM, 

£] girni) what ha cnllctd ' l.c'tiion 
imoata.' At the Surn'r, on 'Jf> May 



I K34, bt- waa tli« fim Bltu-h Welior in Fiti> 
ball's ■ Tom Crioel*.' In I SV' Yalm pUy«d, 
at the Adnlphi, Robert Mnfaini in a Taruon 
of ' L'Aubcr^ dc4 Adreti.' Tha dpaih of 
Malhcwit.iin -2SJime ItWj.WM followed by 
the ruliriimitui of Vut™, who for onn aoiuon 
tcage-mana^^'d Unirv Lano for Uunn. la 
October 1>^ the Aifolphi opened iindcr the 
K'U mnttag^iai-ut of Yale*, who wan aven aa 
Sir linger in J. F. Smilb'* ' Sir Ro^r de 
IJnvprlpy.' In Xovrmbfr, in l.cmrtn ISode'a 
' F'liRhl to .\nimfn,' hp wan n Frenchman to 
ibi^ iifgro of T, \). nice (Jim Crow). In 
1837 he wu.» Pickwick in the ' Pi-n-itrinft- 
lioiia of Pickwick.' In Loit'r'a ' Kocj 
O'More' (i» Sept.) be waa the amt De 
Wnlahin ; on 9 Jan. Lord Minoiti^on ia 
Srlbv'* ' Dunriiit: Barber;' OD 10 Jan. Fliilt 
in (%)yni'> ' All for ljO»e, or th« 1-ort ■ 
Pleiad;' on 18 Fob. Doddlelon in Selby'a 
' Killo brigade : ' on 1« April Wabc-l UfifUn 
iu MrH. S. C nall'a'Grovoi of Hlanicv;' 
and on 10 Nov. had a grvat 8ucce» im Miui- 
I.alini in Slirlin^a arranetiinent of ' Nicbulaa 
Nickleby.' In May IHIO \i» rnpoal^d th« 
cbnrnRter taxt named in Slirling'a ' FortunacJ 
ofSmike.* He bad previounly played Honr_ 
UelaiL|iiu( in Peakf'a • H. It..' and LonI 
I>aiLugp|t at the Surrey in Reyuoldjton'a 
' Ciir«e of ManimoD,' founded ou llo^-nrlb'a 
' ilRrrifiKe A 1" Mode ; ' and at ibe Adelpbj 
Fflgin in 'Oliver Twist,' Onofiveil Sara, 
Abrnham MumlM, and Mr. (iay in Ruclc-j 
utone'a 'Jack Sbeppard," and wn* »et'n in 
Buckalone** ' F'ur^fery,' and in the ' Heart of 
London.' Yntea doubled in 'Itaniabvltiidj^o' 
the pan* of Mr. Cliealer and M!s« ^igga itti 
Ji«niiarv IH42,and at thedoMof thaaauon,' 
in Maivli, delivi^md an addrrM. Thb waa 
tho but lime lie woi nocn in London. 

l)e hiul ill 1^37 gircn in Fdinburttb 
' Yult^a'i Rvmiuisc«ac<M.* and hod been 
parTtier witb William Henry Murray [u. v.] < 
in l>'3l>-l in the manageineni of the Cal«-<J 
dnninn Theatre, now renaraed the Adclphi, 
ill l.i-itb ^^*nlk. Ilnm ha playod Maxuppn, 
in which be had bi'r\n lenn in London, and 
otbtT pnrlK. \Vith Itrohftm he mnnaRrd in 
1831 llic ColoaBeuin in Ueaeat* I'nrk, bnl, 
fortuaalely for hiweelf, was bvugbt out. 
GladhlAne wa» bin parlui'rinli^ll in Adelpbi 
ninnngtmc-nt, nnd the aame tvo partn«TflJ 
nndi-rlook thn mnna^crmieiil «f the PavilioDi^ 
ffi)m wliicb Yalei won rptirpd. 'Wliilo 
pluvinir. in ibe wintrr of ISIl'Z, in a pieca 
called ' AgiLoa St. Aubyn ' he broke a blood- 
veawl, bai inj; broken one previoiulv wbila 
acting Robert Mac&ire. He went in 1843 
In piiblin. and, while rehearsing Lord Skin- 
<Wp in Jrrrold'* ' Iliibbleaof tliu Day,' avaiaj 
broke a blood-VRMcl. R«iDmiBgaflcrak>D| 




\'ates 



jjH 



Yates 



I 



* 



il in Dublia, hv iMcfaed tb« En»- 
Uotel, IxumIod, ud W4a remoTed to » 
AnnUhad boos*, 4 MoTninfrrrm CnNOBMt, 
HndpMMd It(Md, whrru nn ^1 Jiuw 1SI3 
Iw died, Biul wiu iHiricd on ihs S6tb in tba 
vault* of Ifac uhurch p( St. Martin-ia-tlM- 
Fwld*. Ilit Mn Edmund Yat«t H Mpa- 
ratelf notion]. 

In fail Mtly cvMr Ytt«a l<i»k • pLM» 
Mmaog ngu\at coeaediMii, and even «ujtd 
tngic cbancl«ni. Aftnrhn cunaiDto tbm 
vanagviBcnt of tfan Adolphi ho cboae more 
•ceenETie jiarU. Tbo chief Wlure in hU 
•ctinn waa vcntttiUlf. Oxbrrn-, alwuya 
yrudipiif; in reoocnitjoa, calkd liiin a men 
mimic, and in tbal canaciiy far inferior to 
Mathews. UacoiucioutlT contradicting him- 
f»lf, lii^ pmiacd bin is CoroM OanniiM and 
in otbi^r part* ; and, while dmying him anj 
claim to bo a tnin-iliiin.aiLid thai iniumaniic 
and ' undefined ' purts lie alood acarly aluiie. 
■ Qiv« Mr. YatM an exc»«wuce uDon oAtora 
and bo is at home. Notlun^ oontd ba mora 
virid rhnii hUnnrtboItl. itialCiUialdof the 
Mint, too, was a tH-jiutiful performaBCC.' 
In hill manafccmcnl of the Adclpbi be touk 
any jiort that w«« viu.'iiiil. Mnereudr Jiifaka 
of Vu<es in a diapameiug (onauol uuoom- 
mon with him lu d««linf; with asaociaies or 
rirals. VatM wo*, howovw, a snund actor 
iu a line of [inrts «xt<<nding from Uidiard III 
aiKl Sliyloclt' throut[Ii !''aU!al}' to U otci and 
Monifciii. Hu TTiu about live fuel »even 
inches in hitiRhl. lij(Ut-hair«l. with a Jewiih 
(last of face, nnd liiiipeil a tilCte through hU 
aecidect Ht Vauxhnll. An a manager he 
waa full of tairt and reaourw, bat waa ox- 
tTem«ly irntablv. 

A portroil bvl^nsdalo ii in tbo Mathews 
collection in ibo Uartiek ('lub; a, lecund 
by Ambroie, nnd a watcrcotour iktiuh by 
IJi;i)[fiton, bt'lonp-'d to liii son Kdmuiid Yates 
iq. *.]; and n uorlruil once in iha Exaos 
giJliiry of ' Taddv Oreva' is now in tliv 
pOMWiioD of Mr. J. C. Farkin»on. 

(Til* lifri of Vnte* ihould b» wud I" ijiii? t'l" 
Dotiri* of hi> vifu, of Clisrln* MiithsM*. I>.i[i'l> 1 
Trrr7,aQd olbers *ilh vbom b* «a* asaoeiaivd. 
A l>>( of clinneuta, not eomplstoi tint th» Hr*t 
nltoniptMl, hi* liMn eompilod fl«in G«ncst'a .\e. 
eonni of lbs Koitlbh 6Uf*, W«bat«r'* Acling 
.Vatinnol Drama, and tb« printail pliiy« n( Fii*. 
hoJI, Itaynoldnm. BnekilODo. Lcmim HinIb. aad 
Olhvr*. KinKropblml pnnieulani nia mppliod 
in blmand Vnl^nv KpL'^tlpatioiiH nnd RipKri- 
onota. OibcrrT'* Dramjuic Bioimipliy. Dnunnlic 
and MuStAl Ratiaw (ISIV, vol. i.). Ocotaian 
Era, Mm Mtilia«a> Tm-ti>bli< Talk. tHb^a'a 
Edia burgh Staur, Pullock'i .MfLcn-akty, nod 
ItunD's Annali of the Slagn. eil. Lowe. Era 
navapapiT ( 24 Juns IMS) nnd Km AlmnDsek 
CTRrions jam) ban been consoltod.] J. K. 



TAXES. JAMES {JL ItAi). p<.t, ^ 
KtibMlUB*eIf inlh* dwlieainn of hb oolj 
known mloma a* a 'sn-ving mas,* ani na 
farther dctaltii of his biogmpbT haT* htm 
dtfc«>v<sred. Tarlc eonjcclured tlial h« cm* 
&oa Solblk on the ground that ' \m ad- 
dt««a«d v«taea to " Mr. l\ W." who ciMd 
Ipawicb and wrote ao epitaph on Mn. 
Poot<7 of Badlof .' Un. Pool^y waa • caur 
10 my lady Vrentwotth.' who may ban 
bMn one of Iba witm of Tbomft*, 'aaecnd 
baivn Wcnlwonh l^-v-^ though tbnww*m 
many biii^u in Iac Wrntwonh CamSt. 
Moat of tbMa, howirver. beloitjiDd to Snflolk, 
and it Is pooaibla that ■ Mr. P. W.'raaybar* 
been Peteror PralWentworth q.r.j Yiiia 
has abM bean •oociatad with WarwickihitB 
on tba jrwuhI* that h* d«dicalaa t^ woik 
to one Henry Uevnolda, who is aannMd ta 
be identical wi(b lletuy Itoynotda (JL 16SD) 
[l' ^'-.i' '"d that Dntytoii. who was a War- 
wickshir« man, alio dedimtol liia eaiMk 
'Of rortaaad PoMi*' to [U^Tti.:>ldik t'poB 
tbisflimay ovidameo i* al*o baWd (be ikrocy 
that tba ' vciaos wnttan at tha d«panuT* of 
bia &iend W. 8. wb«n be wnnt to dwall ia 
l^ndon ' iaduded id Yalna'a voluiaaTS&rto 
Bbalet^eare. It is morv |>robabU tbat 
Yatea"* patroB waa tbo ilenry lUynoUacI 
BelaUad who married Elisab>^lb, daugfats 
of l-Mmund Witbipal of iMwicb, and thit 
' Mr. P. W. ' was (Mmund'o broiber, IW 
^Vicbipol (Datt, SHjbIt ColUetumt, ■nL 

All Yalea'a poana %n ituclndad in «■• 
volume, which waemtered on tfao'St«t>eB«^ 
ne^ister'on7Jitn«IASSfAicni:B,^/«/(i>M>^ 
ItHf. ii. 413), and puUiMied at Londoa ia 
the wme year (black lotter, 4to) ' by Joha 
Wolfe, dwcllinxD in DiMalTe lane, pearatb* 
aigne of the Caitle.' Tb« titla u giren \j 
Coraeraa'TbaCaMollofCourtoaie. Wbn*- 
iiDlo it adjovaed tbe Hold* of Bimilii)*; 
with thp dhariot of Cbutitie iliiaiiiili 
annexed. Alao a INaloguii betWMS Jk^ 
nnd Youth, and other mntlont lw:r«t> em- 
leined.' ]n C'ollier'a ■ Extraeta from tba 
Itefiimet or the 8itaiioDer»' Oompuy' CL 
IW) aud in the 'Geollemaa'a MnFf*"' 
(1840, i. 3SG)tbeo)dernf tbefliattwoliitn 
IS revfTwd, and Cnllifir rtat^s tiat the 
■ Oaalidl of OourtosM ' is a • wpuUe iraUi- 
cation of which wo have no copy nor any 
other rooord.' This ii appaivnuy an enWt 
for, though etch of the tbnv p«rta has a 
aepanit* tit1e-pa;[«', all three iiUm are sivw 
in tb* eotiT in t.fan 'StaiiooenT Re^^isjor' rf 
7 Judo Uai. Tho volume b chied; 
retting by roasoii of iiJi rarity; 
Stoevena posMated au impcrfoct cnpy 
be bcliored to benntqBe,BndrcfuMd c 



Yates 



>M 



Yates 



occnunl to Und to Patk. Thi« copy wu 
•vf-ntuallv bought for Ql. by Ilrbor, who 
•ocutmI nnoibrr imiwrfeci copy aod from thu 
two Dade up a coKpleucopyiWhicli U nun' 
*( Britwell. Ootiwr alM powa wc d two iin- 
petfect oopicv, kiid tluM) vMv boofcl>t ■' tl>'-' 
■ak of hu t»okt in 1671 by Mi. \V. C. 
Iluiin, wbo, bawun-r> ttha oniblc to uiAks 
np ■ cocnplnte copy from tbum. No otlioc 
oopan* on known lo be cxlsul. Tho ponm* 
included ia ibe volume aro diitinttuiiliiHl 
more by tlieir nlj^ui uid mornl lane tiiaii 
by any pimlic I'lCpllcnnv. Iksidn thn ox- 
mcl« pnnli'd by Ciillit-'r ani in Ibi! ■ Qentlft- 
nan'* Mngniin'o' (IMO, i. 36u-T). oUums 
are jiiven in thv ' SIiali«apear«an Repoeiton* 
(cd. Jamcd IlaintUou FuDQvll, Jantiniy 1SS3), 
iu'8i.>k«l Poetiy' (Parker Soc. ii. 4A0-1), 
and in Cor»er'4 ■ 'ColUctanca Anglo- Po«ticB * 
(li. 4M-.'.^ 

(BmMw thn aulhorilic* iiuotcd, ■•« Qunur'i 
CboniB Vatuni in UH(. Uuo. A<ldi:. MS. :4(91. 
t. 473: VaiMfoUV Btogr. CoUnrlion* iii Uric 
Mn- ; Rr;Js«'i CenHim Lit. ii. H, iii. ITJ; 
RiUrtait 'OMiiMiMPt Anglo- Pool ics : I)nlu>> 
Shafa^aarp aad lib Tinipv, t. ;ii7 ; Arlvr'a 
SuttMMn' Rtg.; Uaitiii't Ilnmriwik. p. 08 J. 
>od CollMtioQ*. i. 471: Collisc'< !tiU. AcoMint. 
ii. Ul, and LoBdM'd Bibl. Manml, rA. Rohn ] 

A. K. P. 

YATES, J.VMTW (1780-1871), unilnrinn 
and aaliqunry, fourth »oii of John Ynttu 
(1766-18^) byhii nrifo BliMbecb (17fiO- 
18li>), yodogeai daugbter of John Aanlun of 
liireriKiuli and widow of John Hostovk (hi; 
t.-ldvr .q.T.^, was born in Toxtt'lli Park, l.ii(<> 
pool, on SO April 1 7S11. liis fAtbor, miaiater 
(17if-I8?<1)of thp diawDiin^ cnogtvgatinn 
in Knyn Strcot, Llvarpool, which woa ru- 
mored to IVmdito Street (1791), wbia man 
of great pulpit power, public i-nturpri>«, and 
liiemry cultiTatioD, K«ci-ivioK uii early 
tiuininK from William HLupberd [q. v.], be 
entM^d Ulaagow VaiTertily in l^iOA, and 
prouedoil thenc« for his divinity courts 
<t808) to UaiidiMtor Collwx than at York, 
ond«r Cliarlca Wellbelovi^ Fq. v.] While 
■till a itudeni he acted (ISOd-IO) u iumi- 
tant claauual tulur, inruoinof JuhnKenrick 
[q. v.^ not yel uiilered on uRice. Prom York 
lie went to Edinburgh L'ni<r«rbilv (I&IO), 
and thvnco lo Cilaagow UDiveraitr again 
(1611). Boforo gradual in(f M.A,,Gla«|^w 
(1$I2), be become tlio unordaioed minister 

iUctolKT 1811) of a uditariui congregation, 
or wbiclin newchnpel wo»()penod{lSSov. 
1612) in Union Place. Ilia discouraea, lulid 
and didaclie, wetv delivered with furmui 
pnuucialiou and an untmpauioui-d luaiuiii^r; 
but hia induatTy and «amMtneaa, and the 
forca of lua cbaract«r, onablcd turn to creale 



a atoLU eongivgmtion oat of pmioualy dia- 
Gordanl eloiwata. In oonjunciion with 
Thomas Suulhn-oocI Smith [•[■¥.]. bo founded 
{■JiS July 1813) thu Scottiah fnitarian As- 
lociAiiou. In 1814 Ralph WanlUw [q. v.] 
d»livend the a»rioa of pulpit addtiiiHHi after^ 
ward* publitbrd aa ' Uueounea on th« Prin- 
eipal Point! of the Soeiniaa CV)nlroT»t»y' 
(lt<l4l, Yatun had heard the di«coanitiaa 
drlitcreil, and, on their appturanra in print, 

fiibliithwl bi« ■ VindHsatiooof Unitarinniam,' 
r^l.'t, 8vo t4th odit-lSSO, Bxa). On thia, 
'Stricturej" (ISU>»rorB publialied bv John 
Brown 0"8l-l858) fq. v.j Watdlaw i*- 
pliod in ' L'nitjtrlanJain incajwhle of Vindi- 
cation,' lt>1», ^vo, lo vhich YaiM njiHMMl 
in ' A ^queU' 1810, 'iTO. Ilia poaition iru 
one of mater brvailth than was ncusl with 
theologians of hia ivhnol, hi« aim being lo 
take common ground on whieli Ariaus and 
!Sociniani> enald unite. Hu biblical con- 
sermiiim, from which he never receded, waa 
criticised in the "ProspfCtiwlUvisw,* 18SI, 
p. 50. 

On C April 1817 1m suecMded Joahna 
Toiilmin fq. v.] a« colleague to John 
K«tutiah In. v.] at the new meeting, Btrtn- 
ingham, a poxt which he resigned at theend 
of l^^l.''), and foro time lelt themiuislrv,and 
reaidud at Norton Hall, near Shel1i«la. fa 
IVST ha cpent a lemevter althannitendty of 
Berlin, aa a student of cloancal philology. 
In 18ie he waa elected a fellow of Ihu 
G«o!ogicnl SoclMy : in 18L^! of the Linuean ; 
in im\ oftlu Uoyal Society; and in I8»I 
was ipjioinled secretary to the council of 
the Bntish Aseociation. lu the mme year 
he waa elected a trustee of Dr. Williama'* 
foundations (resicti«d SCt Juno 166)1. In 
1832 lie ancceeded John Scott Porlcr ,q. v.l 
a« niiniali^r of Carter Lane Clmpel. Doctor* 
CommnnK. London. He issued (18^) pro- 
piwnU for on organisation of the unitarian 
congregaliona of tireat Britain on the pr«s- 
Wlorian model ; tho plan was abortive, 
tbouKh it obtained the annport of aoma 
w«ignly niiniM, including Joiin lUUvUuard 

Sq, v.], Jiwcph Hunter [a. v.], nntl Julin 
nmot Triykr q. v.] In tlie coutm of t)ie 
Hcwloy en»i fseo UbwlbY, LlDT SaKAH] 
l^ir Luneelot Shndnelt [q. v.] Iiacl sevtrdy 
coudemned the ' Lnproii^ Vvraion ' of tho 
New Teslamcnt, ia«upd ( 1808) by unitoriiuui. 
Yale* wrote ' A Lctt«r to the Virc-chan- 
cellor,' \6&^, 8vo, defending the vcriion, 
which pradncFd a very able reply by Ro- 
hett Holley [(). v.] uu ooDgregetion wag 
largely augmented by a secenioo (September 
1831) from the miiiietr}- of William Johnson 
Fox In- v.] at South Place, Fin»hury. lU- 
gardiag this as an unwakomo incrrase of 




r 



• wife BInn Md • fa> nOMMB ar Mite 

wmmmr. "^ fail of iww«. Fei 
MBsll aUUcm had • saneaartlj 



TATB^ MBS UL »t9'4«aa% 



wMn M paAHBtai BJk 



^ 




Yates 



"97 



Yates 



early as lOlJ b[> wiu (!unitr or pariali ehap- 
Uin of Si. Ao'JwwV, Nii>rwic)i, In lli22 he 
pablished * A Moiltill of l>ivinitip, cniochirti* 
nlly compcutrd, whiToin U rfi'Jivnrcd tbo 
MmtlKT and Stcihodo of lii-liiion accurJiiiff 
tA tbi! Ctwd, Ten Commniidnx-'iitii. Lurds 
Prajrer, nud tLo SmTanieiiis,' Luiiduu, 4w, 
dedimtvd tu tliemayur, uiricuraiaaJ ciliien* 
of Norwiob. In tb'e Mme j^ar be wu pre- 
WBt«il by Sir Nsthnniel Bncon to tho f»c- 
torira nf Si. Mnrv with Hi. John StifTknv in 
Norfolk, in 16^4 VWc» and Knmnel W'aiA 
(1677-1810) [q. v.] comjiliunud to a com- 
iniltee of th« House of Uummuiia of the 
AtnuniuD aud jiopisli opiuiuuH ex|>)>«Hi(i by 
RJG&aid MoniHgu [q-vn in 'A Now Otgif 
fwn OldOooM' (indJ). As tl»< tetfioa 
«sa drawing Ui a cliuo, Ihn rommoni rc- 
forrnl Ibn enmjilDint In (ii<iirg« Abbot [>l-v.], 
■rcbbiibflp of t.'nnt*rbury. Wiintagu him- 
■elf rvfcrrcd tlii> mitttfr to tLi> kioj; in bis 
b«at4w*A|>}>elloCu'»iin.<Tu'(ltt:iC^,wtiichwiui 
eenaurm! by llie coumioiw, In lfi'"i'* Vntr« 
WM guoC«edeil at St. Mnrv Atiirk'^y by Wil- 
lUm MitdiaL Hi* *at\, John Ynli^ 51. I>. 
(rf. Auffiut IBSBI. in biiriiHi on Ihi? norlb aiilo 
of Si, Nicholits (.'biiroh. Vannuulk 

Ynti» uMutrnl to edit a numbt-rof l\iv Iraa- 
tiaw of Ji-reuiiah Bnrroutrlin 'q. v.] between 
lots Mid littiO. Ill- wiih ow •'{ thnju' who 
braiigbtout William Rridg'r^'s norki bri wnrn 
latO and l(b^7. Cittor^n Wnllirr tl&Sl ':" 
lW51)[q. v.] dnMpd him with ilooW und 
otbnn «a ■ men of jtood nolu in our cUurcL ' 
{A Tnu! Rrlatioa, \M-2. p. U). 

To a conteinporary John Yates are to V 
attributed two tlieological work* eiitiilod 
' A Tivnliar of th« Honor of (Jodn Hoiim!' 
fliondon, Iti.'i7, 4lo>, and ' Imnifo Mundi ct 
lir^aoi (Jbrirti' (London, IttlO, Ito). 

(Yiit«'i Worki: BlomrBcld's Norfolk. i>i. 
364. wi% iv. aoi, u. 3fl3, sa*. x\. ;wi : 

H*vlyn'« C*priHiiii» AuKliriu. 1071. W- 120, 
131; Wood'a AlhcDic Oion. «]. BliH. ii. 424.1 

K. 1. V. 

YATES, Sir JOSEPH (1722-1770). 
judce, was Ibp younger »on of josepli Vst^» 
of Stfinlfy Ilnii^i?, I^ncnshim, bnrriiii>r-nl- 
Uw, hj his wife Ilnl^n, dniiithlpr of WiU 
IJAin Muhnll of Jliijibiill, nnd iinirru of hi<r 
brother Edward Mnj;liii!l. Tbi-fnthfrsi-Tved 
the otBcc of hi|;b Bhi-ritT of tbt- iiotaxly in 
YJ'iH, and by ihn will of a r-^Iuliv^ he «ui>- 
eeeded in 1730 to the Peel Hall estate in 
LittiA Hiilton iu ihe i>iiiiu> ooimty, but, 
ihrougb tbe^Tfnl eTpfnsi' iii<?idi>nl on an at- 
tempt to devolop thn Inrtri' (^oal-ticldi undor 
tbo property, bis alfnin wnra icrioualy cm- 
barrawcd. 

The aon Juaciib wm bom at his falhcT'd 
liottfe in Miiuclieater> and was ba[ili»)id at 



the collegiate church on 17 July 172Si Hi 
nfceived his educalioii at lbs MancliMtar] 
grammar Mbool wbi^n Ilrnry Btoolra [q. t.^J 
wo* high ma«trr, rntcnnft in Anfrii"^ ^37. 
TlwncH he wonl to CJuoeii's CoIIubp, Oxford, 
wbttTL- hia cxpcnnoi wcrt' paid by bis relative, 
Mr. Seneant B^xilli^i h« tDairieulalrd on 
7 Dec. 1(39, but left without a d"prve. H* 
enwred Staple Inn, where his anin are «n- 
blnxoond on the aoiilh window of tbe hall, 1 
but romovi'd to the Inner Tcmnie, jifnctiii- 
ing a> n speciiil pleader from Micbarlmu 
174^1111 be wn called to ihu bar in July 
171)^. He iguiekly altaioeil a high rvputa- 
tioii and M(I«n«ive practice, ana wna em- 
ployed hythe crown in lhelilij{nlion arising 
out of tha militia riots of 175^, nnd in tho 

rronMHlintr* ntrnimt John Wilke* in 1763. 
a Juiw 1781 bewail made kings counsel 
for tho duchy of Lancaater. After liltlc 
niuru tbau t^'ii veara at. the bar h« wui 
oflVr^d a jiidi;e»fiip of the king's bench, 
which hn Tflluclnntly ncci>pt«'d on 23 Jan. 
1764. In anticipation hc! bad rrrriTi'd tho ^ 
honour of knigbUiood on 16 Di>c. 176.3, and i 
in Februriry 1765 he was madn ciinncelloc 
of Durham. Not holdiuif iit limcu the same 
opiniuus as his chief, IiOni MausGeld, he e\- 
cnsBgec! Lis jiidgeshiji for one in the court 
of common iilcn* on 16 I'Vh. 1770. II" died 
a few montiii later, 7 June 1770, nnd wa« 
buried near bin rMidenco ot L'bentn. 

Yalei was un able lawyer. The opiuioiiB 
which be advanced iu hia dispulo witli Lord 
' MuiiH6eld were sulwequeulty shown to ba i 
' corrncl, and were coiiflrmed by the IlaiMftJ 
of Lords. Ko)''<ei|iinntlT .Innins in his fitvtj 
U'ltnr 10 Lord -Mnnnfiel^ wrote: 'The natno 
of Mr. JuMicu Vnten will natumlly rcvivo 
in vour tuind some of those rmotimu of fear 
and detiwlaliou with which you alwavi Up- 
held biiu. That firreat lawyer, thai bmcst 
man, saw your whole poodoet in the light 
that I do. .\flnr voars of innlTucIunl rv- , 
lintnncc to Ibe nimie.ious prineiplos inlm- 
duced by your lordihip, he determined to 

Suit a courl whoie procoedinpn mid dw^inion* 
u could neither lusenl to witli honour nor I 
oppo«e mth succcM.' Yates wtis a man of \ 
integrity and industry, and wns of eeo(<roii8 
disponition. Ills punctllinns mganl for dnvs 
altrarli'd much ntlenlion from ibfl wils. Hy 
bia wifu Kliubelb. daughter of Cbarleillnld- 
wynorMuiiiilow,Sbrop»biie,alBdyofiinciont 
Scottish descent, he Icift one aon, wliusc de- 
scendants have distinguished themselves io 
tbo legal professioD, and on« daughter. 

[I'oh's Judgw of EugUnd ; Fatinr'i Alumni 
Oinn. 17)6-1X80; Ailiiiiani'in Reui>l*r nf llia 
Msorbwlor (IminniHr 8d;uot, 1,7: iufurmsliuo 
ftuaiJcMDpbMiighull Yat».*t>q..Q.C.] A.M. 



i 



YATKS, JOSEI'H BilOOKS 11780- 
18uu}, fii«rcli«Di *iul aticiqiMry, burn &t 
Liverpoul un 'Jl Jun. 17H0, was tlie eldMl 
toil of Juhu YaU<«, iuiniiI«T of llio uiiitArun 
cli«p«l (u Pu*diw Sirwt, Livnrpoal. Hit 
bmtlwK w«n Jolin A«liio« Yat«9 ^1781' 
18S3>. M.r. tor Catlow and nutliar of 
nmpblcts oa trade nod iJaverjr ; lti«IiArd 
Vaa)[]iBii Vatu (I78&-l&Jtl), fouadirr of 
Prince's I'ark, Liverpool ; Juiiuw Yaw* 
(1760-1871) 'q.v.l: aud P«mb«r1on tUv 
wood Vatea (1(01-1832). II« wa« odumU'd 
by WiltiftiD SluiphRrd fq. v.] and at Kton. 
On tM*iBg Eton, about 1796, hn Miiercd tbo 
bouso nf a Wot India mcrebant, in irhidt 
be Imooihc a piirtiMr, oonlinuing in it until 
« y«r or two bofore li« died, lie was onu of 
ilie leading rvtctBu^n of IJT«pool, and a 
liberal kupponcr of it* literarr and Micniific 
in«titUtioni. InFchriinrvlSliliajninfHlnith 
Thnmaii Sten-nrl 'I'mill [q;T.] in foiindii^ 
tile Liver|K>ol LIIrrnryanal'biliMOpbicamo- 
ciety, of which he wm praidf^t diuins four 
liiiuiBial patiodd, sad u frequent ratiMir of 
pftpMsat ■!« Bic»tin|^. lis ma alto mo of 
tlie founder* of ihf Soutli^rn and TozteUi 
IIo«pilal nC l.ivnqiool. In 1141 he Acted h 
locn) Tici><pn-iidcnt of ihn Itritiih Awocin* 
tion at lU« LivonKioI mcL-iinji. 

Hr vraa etii'tiid F.S.A, oa 18 April 1852, 
and vnu nltu F.li.U^., a intMuber '^f tku 
L'uuncil of thi^ Chelliam Soeiolv, and hd uri- 
(^alnii'iabt'rorilwl'hilulogical Society. Ue 
collecl^l mftiiv Rnc piciiire« and an cxtcnaire 
libraiy conrsinintr fomei Ran maniiiicriptAsnd 
publein book*, nnd wiu an oeciuioaal con* 
tribuloT to litnmrr nitd oib#r jouruali. 

YatM died nt \\'e*t IHnelv, nonr Liver- 
pool, un I'J IW. tt>5C, and wim buried iu lb« 
ffTBVt-jard of tilt! ancient iiiiilnrinu chnpcil, 
Toxloth Park. Ho aiBrried.on -'2.riil_vlM13, 
Mnrgsivil, dniii'litiT of Thonia* Tnylor of 
BUdila}', near Mancbnttrr, and Infl childcrn. 
niaaldortdauKbtarnaTriMlS. II.ThumpMin, 
hank«r, Linriwal ; and two of hi^r toni are 
Mr. Henri* YuttoThomption and tlieKev.S. A. 
Tbuiii[)«oii Vateii. Yutva'a ]<orlrait, piiintvd 
by Pliilip WmTcoU, ira» prewDt«d to faim in 
Janunry ISft* by member* of the Liverpool 
TiitRmry nnil Philoiinptiicjil Society, and by 
him pkci'd in ihc^ lloynl In»tituttDR of the 
toirii. 

Tbe following are atnonRYivt4»'«wri[inH»: 
I. On RiobU'd itollc of UumpoleV 'Stiniuliui 
OiinHlenti«,' i'^iO [in < ArchiL-olotria,' six. 
S14-8fi). S. On ihe »aDi« aulhoi'a manu- 
Bcript Tnraion of tbe Pialtnr. 3. 'GeoerK- 
phical Knovlcdirr and Con«triictinn of MD|Hi 
in tho )>arU Age*,' 1836. 4. ' Mi-moif on 
the Uapid and ExtiMuire Chanjics which 
li&re tueu plactt at the Entrance to tbe 





Rirw Matwy,' 1^40: Im liRiagbl lb mm 
Hbject hrfbru the Ikitish AnocUdoii ia 
IBul, wlien a eoumiti** wme sppoiatwJ to 
invMtJgata tbo isatlrr; its elaborala nfon 
Japriat«dintkc'Britiih Auociaiton Rc{ic<it, 
1S18.* Sl '. Miracle Wot.' (in 'Clirirtiwi 
TM«hOT'>. IMl. U. ' BiJuip OallV Maadiu 
AiI«r'««Id«ni.'l^lH. 7. * At«fa»uloi-ical X»- 
liOM tM>p«ctin]f Paper,' ]81nL a * Ud Ba^ 
of KmUooH,' ItUd. 9. ' On ABCMntHam- 
wripti and tbo Sictbod of prspariu thaa,' 
1^1. 10. 'Ar Account oTTwo fh^ 
Sepulchral tuaoripliaaa at Inca BlBodell,' 
mi. 11. 'The Rigbta and JuriadietJon U 
tbe County Ptlatine of CbttUa,' in Ibe 
ChMbaca Sotaotft ' Mi«oellaBM»,* 18&7. 

[S. A. T. YatM* MMnoriiO* of iba FMaSr 
of lb* Rwr. JoliB Yitlw, 189Q- I ; G<K. Xif. 
ISJS, i. M: t'biititUn It«(orai«r, IBM. p. ti, 
Hctoa'a Ucmorials of lirerpool: St^p^taa't 
RtOB Schoal Lilts : JmirniJ of th* Ba}al G«*- 
i:ra|ibit«l Hoc. ml. uri.: ISlh Jkp. of (b* 
Cheduun Sur. ; information kindly MipcJieJ bj 
thcBar. S, A.ThompMn Ynto.] C. W. S. 

TATB8, Ubs. MAIIY ANN (171 
1787), actrcM, 4augbt<ir of WtUiui 
baoL nptatn'a abmri on iJm Ariel (I 

Bt Itichtnond. 10 Sept. 1770; will 
6 AuB. 1777, and prarcd 29 Nov. I77S: 
['.C.I'. 4'>7 Wsrbunan), and Li* wifa Muy 
(buried nt Kiohmond, 24 Nor. 1777), «** 
bum in Itirmiiij-hajn in 1728 (otbrr aecouaU 
iwy in London iu 1737). Jler contemp)- 
rariM (poke of Imt a* Mnir or ' Uoll.' Tbi 
■Thivpian Oicitoiury'uiJGilliLaiid'a 'Dra- 
lunlic .Mirror' (follovod by Mr. \\'bc«tl«y 
and Mr. Julian Uanhalt) call b«r AOM 
.Mnria. In flarrick'a tnatmction* for draw* 
ing up articUa of af^rtcment for her «M M fr 
utt^Lit at Drury Laii« ifae it rightly calU 
.Mary Ann. 

.'^hc i« reportail to liav* tried tb» a(4gt 
iinaiicCHifully in Dublin, favr Artl app««na«i 
bfbj^ a* Amin BiiU«n in ' Ilainry ^IIL' 
Shcridnn, by whom ahe was cnngvd, na*d 
livr a Bum to n^tirv. Tbi* U aaid to btie 
been in ITu^. The 'ThMtnc«l Bwcnphy' 
iinauthotitalively einiM tbkt for ber good 
looks abe was nn^a^ as a dr««wr at nnj 
Lann, with on oocanoaal tnulo pttrt. liir 
fim known appearanoo in London, a» Uni 
Omham, wai made on 25 Dec 17 tA at 
Dmiy Lane in the diaracteT of Malria, aa 
original pan, in Criip'a'Vitginin.' Garndk 
who ptay«d ^' Ir^niiu, took aonw jmini vitb 
Ii^r, I tioni^h )»■ mittruitad her capacity. Oa 
29 .\|iril 17M, for h»T betMBr, sli« pkyed 
Jnno Siioro ; on 9 Vec abo was Ismen* ia 
' Phtadra and Mippolitiu : * on S3 Jan. I7U 
Emilia in ' Uannf tbe Mode,' and OB 16 Ajcil 
Uenuione in 'Diatrened 3Iothar.' ^eIl 



Yates 



»99 



Yates 



anama ber dohiii ii< doI to bn irnr.nd. GcncM 
tlunln abe nuj not barii been cn^ffe^d. Un 
Ifi Dee. 17fi8, aa Nn. VnttHi laiu Mm. Otn- 
ham, aim teavpeniwl, [ilujrinf; Ati'mena in 
' Aiaphilrjaii. Marpby, wlicim li«r aiatu- 
osqae boaiity had aiirac(«d. noil wlio IiaiI 
jcined tha company, hnd takon miich pains 
with her, and undrr hi* tuition nnd thnt of 
Btebord Viil4»|q. v.] thn ripennd into a tine 
aclnM. Tlie liunm in 'S|Min!»!i X-Viar' unA 
Lkdj Towiilr iu the ' Provoked Iluibaud ' 
were giv«ii diiriog the *«Mon. SL^ r«miiiTi<-d 
St DniTT l^neiiniil l(6?,pl&yiQg tuaoTcliu- 
roctcn in tFntffdy nnil coniedT, incf^iding 
Mrt. Marwood in ■ Way of thii World,' Zotu 
in 'Zan,'Cl«oMira in ' Aittony knd Cbo- 
u*tt«,' Mrs. SuUeu, Itutlnnd in 'Karl of 
ESMX,' Miruuda in ' \Vomin» a Kidilte,' Lady 
Rkndolph. r:Hliel&, Mouiiuia, Koaalinil, Con- 
stanCK in * Kinf Jo1iu,' Belv#d«ra, Almetia 
in * Mourning Ifrid^,' Jacintbnin' Suspicious 
lloibttiid,' AmiR iliillrrn in ' Ilnnry VIII,' 
Violanle in tin? ' Wondrr,' Lady I.uroWKll 

^io 'Coiiitiiit L'oiipit-,' Ludv Junt" druy, 
fppltira ill ' Itartiaruuui,' Juliet in ' Two 

[GentlemeD of Vuroua,' Bvllario in ' Pliilit»- 
T,*Iiidikn» in 'Conscious l^ver«,' Sylna 
in ' iitpniii.injT Ollicnr,' Olarindn in " Sus- 
nicioui lliiibnnd,' llomtin in ' Itoman 
Fatber," lmi>|i<-'U. I*(.'«|pi»onii, Cndli'lin, Pi-r- 
(litu. Arp!i»iu in ' TiiBnrrlnni-,' Andromachi-, 
Fidt^liu lu ' FUin IfeutiT. Oli-opatru in 'All 
for i^ti^,' RoxHiia in ■ Futw Frii-ud,' uud 
prabnbly Clinwei* in ' Hhtoic l^tv-'.' 

Her origina! pnrls nl Hriiry Lniici werv 
numoroiu nnd imporlant. Tlicv comncined 

iStuidiuii-' in lh.mf« 'A«i>,' L'l'Kub. I7r.8; 



Ivriet in Murpliy'd ' L'pii'jIstrrur.'SO March; 
laadano iu Miirpby'a 'Orphan of China, 
Ql April l"il>i Mrs. Li'vi.'ii 
• Way to k*ep bini,' 24 .1 



man' la Murpby'a 
J All. 1760; « part 
ia ■ fai>:R collnl ' MnrringK k 1a Mode,' 
S4 March: Enim<>1iiiii in lIawki<*worth'a 
' Edgar and liinuislinp.' a clinr«pl(-r in which 
sliH yiaa ejcelicnt, 31 Jan. 17C1 ; Udinda in 
'AH in lite Wroni,',' lit Juni>: Araiuiuta in 
Whit*bMd'« 'Si-boijl for I-ovKnt,' 10 Fth. 
I7fi2; Mre. Knigbtlv iu Mrt. SlWidan's 
•Dinrmvofv.'S Fob. KlW; I.mly I-'rankland 
in Mr*. GrilBth*. ■ nntonic Wif.^' 3J Jan. 
1765; ClariiM in Murphy's *Choicf,' 2S 
March : Mar^nnrl of Anjou in Krnnklin'* 
• Earl of Waru ick; 13 Dm:. 1 706 ; .Mcdi'u in 
Olorer'a • Mwlnt.' 21 Murdi 1767 ; and Di^o 
ia RMd'a ' Dido,' •J>i :tli>n.-b. 

On 16 Oct. I;a7 sb>> uindo lji>r 6rst ap- 
pouunoo at Ctimnt, UarOen, playing Jane 
Hhore. Beaidi'i ropi-nting many fsTourite 
character*, ihe wn* sm-n f'lr the Rnt timn a» 
I I^alinyn in ' Mahoim-t.' Ijxdy Mncbcib, and 
I Queen in 'Uauilet.' Uucing the foUovring 



four yuan abe added to bcf rDpnrtorr the 
CountiMB of Knliiburr, Imomda, ADmiia in 
■ EngliEih -MiTcbanl," StntiiB,l'ortiain 'Mer- 
chant of ^'l^uic(',' Isabella in ' Mvasurv far 
Mennuiv,' iin. Oak]y> Mr«. Cudwiillsder, 
XimHun in iIm piece SO named, Eudoi'la in 
' Sic^n of Damascus,' iMtbi'lla in ' Iwh^illa/ 
and Viola in 'Twelfth Nicht.' Ilirroriginal 
parts consiili'd of Mnudanp in ' Cynw,* 
adaptud by lloiik from Mvttuloaio, 3 Oix. 
170'*; EWi™ iu 'Orwlea,' la!<«n bv Dr. 
Friinikliri fr^ui Voltaire, 13 May iTUOj 
Sophia in Cumber!and'» ' Hrothera, 3 Dec; 
IimrnainlloniiB ■Tinianth«s,'SlFel).1770; 
Clumcntina in Knlly'* 'Clemimtiiia.'S.'} Vab. 
1771; and KobeJdo in Cntdock'a ' /tnboido/ 
11 Dm. The profita oftbi* pieoe. which wa« 
taken in part ttam'ljiftBoftiiet' uf Vuliaira 
and was acted elsTen timea, wer« gir>!<u by 
thfl author, n man of fortune, W Mrs. Vatea. 
During t.bn follaniug twownsoniMri.Yatrs 
waa,witb her hucbond, engaovid for 700/. pM 
auiLion in Udinburffh, amcmiierof tbo Kdin- 
burpli fufully of atlvouite* »iib»cribiiii; liW, 
so as To eDulili> Wed Digeea [4.V-] to under- 
take to costly a BpeoitluToo. She appeared 
on IB Jan. 1779 oa Msodane, her fausband 
having net ltd right days previously. A round 
of bcT principal |>iirt* wu* played, and a uraat 
aumniionwuaproducedbythopwfornianccon 
8 March uf ihs ' Criucuof Tunia,' un oricmtil 

flay by lltMtry MaGkrnzie(17'lu-18^1)-ii.v.] 
u tbi^Mre.YaliWplaTeit Zuliuiu,tb-?bt<ruine, 
speskingfllMOS the^niueofScotlaitil apro- 
lagiie. 'i'ragtiy and aetrcM were highly 
prainLid, but the former waa aiMii during tha 
■ea>on only five limp*. Sir*. Yatoi wu* in 
1771 joint' nianHf(<--r with Mrs. Brooku of the 
Ilayuuirkrt Upvm Douai;. As Electm in 
'Orest««*ehe inadijat Drury Liiuu,on l&Oi.-t. 
1771, <ber first appearance there for e'lKbt 
Venn,' and was on 17 Feb. 177S the first 
buchi!» of Hm^Dia in Jcphson's 'Itni- 
fianu.' At tbi> boiuc she pkynd Ocinvia in 
'All for Love," nnd was the firal ijuulrami* 
in Ayaoough's * Semiramie,' 13 D«e. 1770; 
fteriuthiuiu.Sbijridaa'a' Trip to Soar borough,' 
£4 Feb. 1777; played s part in Shirley's 
' Knmnn Sacrifice,' then firtt act*d. 18 1)ec. ; 
wns t hitfirit I'Mwina in ('umburland's * Itaitin 
of llutingi,' 1^4 Jan. 177S; nnd /otnitla in 
Ilixluui'a 'Zoraidn,' 13 Uc-c. 1779. Back at 
Covcnl (lardi-n, she waa the original TbantTris 
in Mr*, Brooke's ' Siege of Smupe,' 31 Jan, 
I'liil, a part written expressly for her. She 
bad also a part in n r«vi«eil version of Mn. 
Cowley's ' Si.pnnd Thoughts ori» llmR/ 
21 Mardi. I.ody AUworth in ' A New Way 
to pay Uld iJobla' wn« added to berroper* 
lory in I7t^l-:i. and in the roUowinn acaaOD 
Euphrasia in the ' Grecian Daughter.' The 



I 



Yates 



300 



Yates 



iMt pi««c U which bcr uow cut be tneed uul maJMtic defoniBMii bad eicittd tW 

U 0>Teni Gudm i* CooMaAco in ' KtBf adininttioii oT fercigiMFP, and 6xed tlit^ aflcc- 

Jolui,' SO March 1783. For Um besefit « ' tioo anil ap^aiue of bcr otra oommr yiai fc 

GeOT^ Anne Bellunr tbe plajed tor MIB Campbell, boldint; hln ciutomaty bnrf far 

IU)(hto«lf at Drmy l^iw (:il May I'M) Ura.S<ddoiu,untliiil Mn. Vat«a'« 'coul^ 

tbo Dncbcuor Br«);aiiia i ihit waa dot Uat luace, villi lli« braatjof l)icaBttqiM*>atW, 

■{ipvaraDce. She UM plaved in Edinboi^ bad alao_ aoaisdiing of ita nonoconj',' bat 
in March I'M « Diontba onncMMnt, in 



onmmnti 
which *b« appaarcd in a round of hsr trajpc 
chanehnu, and on bar retuni jovroey Lad 
bv«n Mim in York on SO April ■« Musarvt 
of Anjou. Sba had oagagiid to ms with 
Mn. Cnwfixd in the nme tiagsdita. 
Through ber i1ln<a« th«Mli«ai«Ml tbrongh, 
•ndon 3 Maj 1Tr)7 ahndiad of dropn, and 
iru buiied with her falbcr and mother at 
Bi^mond church in the dutncel. Mrv. 
YalM Uft behind ber a ooMiilrrablcr fortune, 
whieb ber husband «iiai«Bte<i. Ilvr la»l 
■wdeooea wet* on tha banks of the ThaiM* 
at Hoiilake and at StaiKud Itow, Pimlioo. 
Inherbi>iiM>inl'imIi(v)*he<tntRrtainodlIomc, 
Murphy, Ouiitlwrliind, and a Ijlersrv and 
thsatrical cirel?. H[in(l<.-o (i-iff <^ l^mbU, 
t, !)B3) asTi that hIk; cod li'tn plated joining 
John Hrn'dcnwii (\'il~\'>A)[}\. t.], but wa» 
pTL-vt-uttd bj Ids death. 

Sirs. Vatee w»» on-) of the givalntt of our 
tragic aclroiwa, illviding dtirinir manv yean 
Ibe »iipr*m«cy with Mri- (.'rawTord. If her 
star palnd brfnrc that of Mn. IJidduni, she 
was An old womnn when thnt aclnwa came 
on the RlBffc. Talc WitkiiiBOu, one of th« 
bMt oF ju%T^t. Ocelared lier Margaret of , 

Anjou ai unrlv*1I'ri,l n> Mn. Siddon*'* Zam. | cspouvd her miIp in a qunrrvl alio had wi)h 



add*: ' Taylor bilnwlf fold me that she mt 
the tnoot oooiniandinK personage be bad CT«r 
looked upen beforr be luw Mr*. ftH4"'w' 
Btndra and Churchill ■peak in sunStf 
lenus of dilfungasent. Tbo latter, in his 
' Itosciad,' concltufes bia eatimate : 

n« b(«* itill Oa'd ie aorrov** nUan tnmt. 
Void of ditilsction. marL* all parts tba mmi. 

' Kitty ' Clive, with cbsractertalic orth^ 
^phy, ebatgw her with • tuterina abont 1* 
touch and Sumpinc down to often? DiUn 
•ava that what mi^t LavobMDmonotanin 
utiier aetmses, due to ' an emulation of tha 
best French actreaMa which gsre a deduM- 
loryairloherd»li*ery,'waainhercaM'|itD»> 
tratin^ [sic] to adminUioo.' In addition to a 
find TOice sbo bad, be bcilda, ' all tbc grand and 
nobi* miuiutss of Tni|:e(iy in great perice- 
tion.' Dr. Thoniaa i^omfnille j^q. t. : i^Kdtc 
of Mrs. Siddono as, ' in repmentii^ the 
pMsioBs of bidipnBtian and fury, infcnor u 
mj Mtly bvountv, Mrs. Vaioi.' Goldnitb 
deemed ber the tni of Enjtlish nriiiimi. 
snd wrote fi>r her ■ pmlt^ue to be spoken at 
thn ()j¥na House, of which ah« wan at om 
tima joinl-Rianager with Mi«. llrookc^ He 



It was far from n Imd *i^ thnt oho wa« 
kept bach at tlin nutsia kj timidity. 8ub- 
BtKiueiilly, ihnufili deticiciit in teiidamoBS 
and apt tn Iw ton forcililt and violnit in the 
di'plsy of the utroiiger poiMiioiiP, eh« waa 
unMirpaued snd ran-ly equalled in ra^ and 
disdain. Sht) is said to have spent some time 
in I^iris studying Uis metlxNls of tbo \gnM 
tmi^ic actrMS Mni<>. CInimn, who tvn* at the 
height of hor fiiwo bctwciMi 1750 and ITUO. 
Tbo retirement of Mrs, Cibbt-r o|)«ncd (o ber 
ihecommand of tragedy. In comedy rbe was 
wenh, wcnliRr crm ihnn Mrs. Gibber. Her 
Lody Towtily was poor, mid in Dosilnmonn 
andMnnimiuHhewasiudilT'TcnT. llorlmo^rai 
and Calirtawerefinebut not perfect perfiirra- 
ancea. Mandane in thn '(}rpbiin of China' 
and ClrapaiH first raiwd lier tu vminunce. 
Her MuTtdsne in 'Oyrin,' Couslance, and 
Ladv Macbeth wen" Bii]wrb perfonnuucm, 
and as Mrdealn Oluter'i trn^'rJy dlie was uu- 
nvalled. No otlirr acltv<t» allctupted ibis 
part during; hfT lifri, and only ono— Mrs. Pcpo 
^on n •olitniT' occiwion fur n benefit tmst 
Mr*. Yate«"« rleaib. PsTiiw deckreji that bar 
just elocution, noble manner, warm passion. 



I'-ulmon. llcyncilds utated that he Mw Qst- 
rick, with whom ha was scaled in ibeorchM- 
tn on tbe first night of Jepliinn*s ' nragania,* 
melted to tears by ber perfbmiaiwe ; and 
James tlsrrisithcaulhurof' Henne*,' wm« 
toHoedlyihai'sheadedihepart of Elcetia 
in the " On-^itit* " of Volfaitv, inu)8lat«d on 
purpoH! for her. For tone and justness of 
eWulion, for uninterrupted atlentKiii, for 
evrryibinff that was nervous, rarious, ele- 
gaut, ana true in sttitudes and action, I 
never saw her eq^ual but in (iarrirJi, and 
forgive ne fur saying I cuwM call him her 
suMrior.' 

Of Mn. Yali's, who, in the words tt 
llonilen. ■ ftourtrd a liknnewi to tbe Btetass 
of antiquity in the lolcmn eomposun of bsr 
attiiuiteB.'fniuiy portraits oni tn eiistonM. 
Tlu^ MaLhi^wa collection in the Garritk 
Club ooulains a portrsil by Coaten [Cotasf). 
One as Electtn, by .Samuel Cotes, was sn- 
enived by P. Pawe and pnblisbiNl 36 Joe 
1771 ; a s»oond bv I'ine, as Medea, was 
aagravod by W. bicklnsoD; and a ihiiA 
hy^lomney, snid to b<> of her, was engravid 
by Uunkarton. .\nother portrait by Boot* 



I 



J 



fiey.iwMelporaene.iras eugraved bv V . Q ree a . 
Ueryurlmjt painted bj' Ili-yuolild In 1T73 
iTM No. AS6 in the tivcond loitn exhibition 
of 18<$7. A pnrtmtt. hj R. Dishloa wo* 
Ancnwd bv «- l.Biirin nnd puV.Iishcd bv 
\V^ lliehftr^Mn. In I'drkiiuon's picluro, 
aitfCnTed br Lnurii^, of Uarrick U'd to tha 
Temrio of Fame, but looHiig back ii> Tragedy 
and CoiDvdv, Mra. Y(i»» i* oelievpd to ivpiv- 
eml Tragwly. Anothtr porimit of her nn 
Jane Sliore wm oxseiitad by PftTkiimnn. A 
pottrait of htr rajmoMd to bi> iqwnkiDg tlie 
ocaloffuo to til* ' Earl of U'nrwick * m in 
tna National Art GnlJvry at South Kvu- 
■iniltoa. 

[a«IM*t'ii Aowunt of till- Kri)Eliali Siako; 
Smilh'iCaUlngQOi QaoiKiau Krn; ItsiTicli Corrt- 
«poi)dciieB: Nolniiad Queriai,i)tb MT. iii. 13t; 
vnrk* citrd and Ihs aalliarilim (ptirinlly gjfan 
■Diirr Bi^'himl YslM. A rlinjioiilY *y KjrHnriw] 
B(rook(]. cntillsd Aolhonlie Memoirs of Mn. 
Yatca. ajipennd in Gent. Mng. 17H;. i. iM: 
WliMtltf and Cuiininghninii lAndon.) J. K. 

YATES. RICHAUU (l70«?-i;9(i). 
cumi-diuii, bom about 1700, is liral triirt'd 
at ibtt IlBTDiarkvt. where, n» a member of 
what Fielding culled 'the gwal Mo^-ulV 
company of comedinns,' he wm in tlist. su- 
thora 'Pnaquin' iho original l>on) Plnre in 
Ihn rrhcanial of thi? eomcdv, and Ijjw in 
that of th« Iragptly. (n 17^-9, at Covnnt 
flardan, ht> wui uwu an Wart in tha 'Se- 
cond Part of Kiug Heury IV,' Mad Welah- 
nun in the ' PilKnui,' ^ir Jun-ph Witiul 
tn tbp * Old Ilachelor,' and llie png» in 
<Don Quixnlfl,' (>n 4 Sept. ITS!) hi. aji- 
ppared at Ifriirj I.niio m Jnrrniy in ' I^ivn 
lor I.ovtf,' and played Pantaloon in ' Harle- 
quin Ship«.-ri?ckfd.' WliiaoL-r in ' Busy body," 
Qiiuiut ill ' .'Ksoii,' rnurtfi i:itiii:U in 'Julius 
CsMaf,' Squire FreelioM iu 'Rfibiri Oood- 
fellfiw,' Findrr in 'Double flollant,' I'islol 
in" MoTryWivimofW incisor 'and 'SecondPurt 
of Henry IV,' DnppT in ' Aiohi-miflt.'Sly in 
' Lovp'a I-ttsl yhifl,' Itaiof in ' Prnvokiwi 
Wife,' Ohpus in ' Amiihilryoa,' Sl.utlnrins 
Sn-ranl in ' Pil^rn,' Htdlebore in ' Moeic 
Doctor,' and other coinic |)urls. At Ooud- 
iDan'« Fields hi> appesreil on IS Oct. 1740 
an Antonio in ' Vnnicn Pn-nprvod.' playing 
duriRK tbn ai-anon Danifl in 'Ornonoko? 
Braxen in ' Itwniitinff OfficiT,' liodf rigo, 
Cuuuee in ' Virpn t-iiunnsked,' Sir Philip 
ModeloTC ill ' Bold Struki- for a Wifu," Bi?d 
in 'Love for Love," Truinnn in 'OeorKe 
n«Fawn11.' Squire Richard iu 'Couatanl 
Couple,' Sir llugh FIvana, Teagiie in ' Coiu- 
mitlW!," Lory in ' H»«lap«e,' Ilccntp, Aiilnly- 
cuB, Scrub in the ' Hnnin' Slmlngi-m,' l''ilch 
in ' BesRars' Upi'ra ' (iu which he dani^td a 
horupipt)),' Qregory ta * Mook Doctor,' IVet 



in'Titnonof Athena,' Clown in 'Air»w»ll 
that «nda w<dl,' and nuiiiy other parta. For 
hi* benefit and that of Mn. Yatci, bis lint 
wifo — cocinoniinff whom nothing is known 
except tlial she bad inouey when he married 
luT, played at this limc< suiall purla suuh aa 
Emilia ui the ■ Winter'a Talci,' and waa lh« 
Duchess of York oti Garrick's flr«C appear- 
ance on ill* sta^ — hn ' nltKlnptRd ' Lovwold 
in iho ' Miner,' 'afti-T thn ronnnur of thn lata 
Mr. tJrilSn." In the ndrertinement ho 
apulc^jsL-s fur not waitiuK ou ladies and 
|{autlemen,'aahe is not acquainted with that 
pari of the town,' 

Richard Yates is b"li<'V(«l to liaro bo^o 
the Itrgt Antolyciia and Ciiwn in ' All** 
well that nndi well' *lni:f the itrxtoration. 
IIo waa on G N'or. 1741 the orif^nal Mrs. 
Jgwhct in Dance's adaptation, ' Paiuc-Ia.' and 
on :]0 Nov. the original I>ick in Garrick'a 
' Lying Valet,' subsequently takuig Sharp in 
the same pieei'. Among other parts taken 
in this stiCJind seaaon at Qoodman'a Fialda 
were Hon I^nia in ' l^ve mnkca a Man,' 
nld Miratiel in 'Inconstant,' Peiulont in 
' Wnyoftlip Worlil,' and Major ISahlnh intho 
' School hoy.' On 18 Sept, 17 W he reappeared 
at Drury Laue, where h« remaiuvd until 
116". A li«t of the comic chsracSTB he 
played during thix tini'' would R!l columns. 
The most noli'worthy include Kaatril in tha 
'Alchemist,' in whii^h he ww uneaunl1«d; 
Sotter in 'Old Bueho!or,"Old Woman in 'Rule 
a Wife and hnvea Wife,' Marplot, Schoulbuy^ 
Nuinp« iu 'Tender Husband,' Fo'imd in 
' Beam' Stfiitageni,' Sir Polydonia llogalye 
in ' .'E»op,' Soto in I'lntnlipr'* ' Woman 
Plcnjifd,' IVnchnm, Sir Francis WronKhoad, 
Sir Paul Plyunt, 15 ouaez, Spark ish in 'Country 
Wiff,' (iriule iu 'Tom Tuunih,' Old Laroon 
iu ' Debauchees,' Velluui, Tattle, Sir Toby 
Tickle, iu 'She Gallant,' Savil in 'Scornful 
Lddy,' Clown in "Twelfth Night' and 
' Measuro forMcnanrf,' Crack in 'Sir Courtly 
Nice," Pinac in '\Vild(ioo«p(.'ha«e,'Shv!ocl(, 
Pull' and Fribble in 'Miu in her Touns,' 
Pistol, Don Manuel. Ktui<tleu. ^ir Jaipur 
Fidget in ' Country \\'ife,' Scitramouth in 
' Eniperor of the Moon,' t?ir 'William Belfoud 
in ' squir* of AWtin,' Sir Francis Oripo, 
Trinciilo, Sir Wilful Wilwoiid, Alpboiuo 
in ' Pilgrim,' Mnlvolio, Touchxtona in ' Faat- 
ward fio' and in ' As you like it,' Brain* 
worm in ' Every .Man iu his ILuniour,' 
Morose in ' Silent \Voman,' Scnpin, Cad* 
wallader. Shallow, Dogberri', BobadiL 
JusticeGreedy,Fslslaff',Launce, Bottom, and 
Lord (Thalkstono. Hn waa thi" original 
Motley in the ' AnlroWrr" on 3 April ITW; 
Sir Robert Ilvlmunt in Moorc'i ' Foundling,' 
13 Fabt 1748; Hekhior in Moon'a 'Uil 



k 






BLu.' 2 Frb. 17S1 ; Pttff in Tooie't 'Tww,' 
llJui. I7r>3. 

In 1753-1 Mn. Onkua, mtnftwotljr 
Sir*. Marjr Ann YatM [^ r.\ jOtDM tli* 

dOMly MMCiatm) iriih hor. Tttef «Mm to 
luv« MMi nurrind in tba Kutuina of 1766. 
In bu ]al«r years be ia Mid to Iibt« Wb 
colipofd liT her ftnd engaged cfai^y oa her 
acouunl. H« waa, boweTer.almjH <n>rili his 
Mlsr]r,and hi* poution in rotnadt- wiu n«Tar 
qnMtionad. Ilo ms ») AprU 17A4, the 
original Grumbler, alierod from ShUcv, who 
Unaolf tnuiidatpd'L«OnMi<leur'afBr««rs. 
VatMhod prRTionBly. 18 Marth, bMD the 
fint tinimiu iii Gamck'i ' CathariiM and 
IVtrufiiiu.' lie was thf first Wiogat* in 
llBrphye ' Appmnlimi,' 3 Jan. 1766 ; 
<yOUbW in Smollm'a 'Ilepriukl,' S2 Jan. 
17S7j Vamp in l-'oo«»'« 'Author,* 6 Feb.; 
Diuy in (inrrick'* 'Modem Fine Gmlle- 
man,' BAermrds nlltd ' Male CoquMM,' 
•M March: Riir[uc!>> in Garriek's 'Uaina- 
U«r»,' m Itvr. ; Qiiiilnnnc in Mnrplir'* ' ITp- 
bolftenr,' ■% Man-b 17A^; Fmble in lliir* 
' Roat,' SO Dec. 1 Sir Cbarlea Cloclut in the 
'Ouatdian,' 3 Feb. 1769; Captain Hardy 
in UoMca'a 'Hfareas,' 31 May; Piiilip in 
' iliKfa Life below Stairs." 81 Oct.; Snip in 
Oarricl('a * IlarlequlD's lavMion,' 31 I>rc; 
played « part to Mr».Cliv«'» ' V.\ny Woman 
iBlut llninoiir;' was, 20 Mar<ih 1780, 
tlw Brat Ilonorcombn in f^lnian'* * I'oUy- 
Hon^coinbe,* k Doc. ; Sir Bitahful Canstaut 
ia Hurphy'a ' Way to kwp him,' enlarg;ed 
to fin aeU nn 10 Jaii. ITUI ; MsjorOakly in 
Oolman'a ' JcaluuB Wiff,' 1:! Feb.; Sir John 
Baatlon in Murpby's ' All in ihn Wrong,' 
IG June; Old Philpnt in JJurphv*«-Oitl»eo.' 
3 July ; Old Mask in Colinan's ' Musical 
jLady/6 March ITflL'; Sir John WoodaU in 
Ifn. Sheridan's 'Uape.' 10 Dec. 1763; 
Dobbinol in Lloyd's 'Caprioioii* Lovers,' 
98 Nov. 1701; Sir William Lovnirarth in 
Murnliy'B 'Choicf.,' 33 March 17eS ; St«riin([ 
in uarrick and Cnlman's ' Clandostinu 
Blarriaf^,' 20 Fch. 1766; Slip in -Neck or 
Nolbiiif,-.' ntlribulmJ lo Unrrick, 18 Nov.; 
anJ Fr*ii"Pf>rl {lh« nierchiuit) in Culmau'a 
•English MiTtchnot.'-Jl Fth. 1767. Ho had 
at some- date ail fixed. liiiC probably nnnr 
17B0, srt op with Sbiiter nnil iithcni a booth 
at linrlholfjinew Fair, playini[ l'niilni''oii to 
Bbiiter'a Harlequin. Vatcs wainii ndtnirahlc 

EaDlomimist, and wu freiiutrntly seen aa 
arlequin. 
Under the mannfrenienl of HarriB, Riither- 
ford, Colntan, and Fowvll, ii>> ms'le liis iirat 
appearanco at Oovent Gsrdeo on III Hci. 
1767 aa Major Oaklv, and was tlia orittinal 
Prig and Frij^htened Boor in ' Itoyal Mer- 



chant,* an open foandej by Ilall on tfas 
•Baoai'a Bosh' on 14 Dee. At this bw 
be phycd dotAB, Floimofsd la ' Fil|LjM 
asd KmBclino,' Sir Gilbert Wnuigl* in iW 
'K«faaal,'Braaa,nndLocio. HownstWon- 
nnal Sir Beniaisin Dore in CiunbwrUod'i 
*Dc«he»."31>c.l7(»; andStanlgin-Aa 
Ilour before Hairia^' :ia Jan. IJfZ. Ut 
11 Jaa. 17T9 be appe«i«d at Edinbnrgh a 
'OUulk>,'and ^tjid •)*<> Captain Brwen, 
Touchatona, and Shylock. On 6 May ITTi 
be reappnrod at Dnuj Lan* m ScniK ^ 
dM« not aeeiB to baTeact«d agnin that snuea. 
Next aeaaoB h« plarei) for tha flnt tiaa 
OapUin OtKfr tn ' EpiMme,* and was the 
Bm llargrare in Sirs. CowIst's ' Ranamy,' 
IfiFcb-lYre. IInwB*>ii]l«mneiit|yF(n>db- 
wifc in ' Old Bacbctar,* and Clown ia Ihl 
' Winter's Talc,' and wsji on f* May 1777 ika 
original Sir Oliver Surfs «> in thp 'School far 
Scandal.' No fnrlher ehanctnr in which ke 
bad not be«^ aeen was asitisned him at Vr -r 
1.0110. From 1780 to 17«2 be was or 
n^Crd. On 6 Dec. 1783 be made, u ^ 
Wilful Wilwoud in the ' Way of the WwH.' 
bis ' fint appearance at Coront Gardanibsv 
ten t«ani.' ami waa on !t8 Jan. 178S tha fim 
Sir tdmund Ttavers in Cumberland* ' 1^ 
t«rioiu llusfaand.' He waa tbest no ■■» 
onfnged in 1.oadoei. yates was sopigal 
with bis n-ifo in Ivdinbursh l?dl-S, asJ 
pmbablv acted with her in ^ork dnrinvbR 
return jnumcy on SI Apdl 17rir>. H«aK«J 

I for Mrs. CUnce's bcnrSt lo play Scmb ia 
plaoe of her haabaiid on 6 Mav 1 766, kat 
hadaTioleoiIMUcloftbeKouL thtSlAiril 

I 17M, at kia boute. SlatKinl Row, I>iBbc<>, 

I he diad, it ia stid, in a fit of nge at htiaf 
unablo to obtain eels for dinner, and in* 
buried at hii own ronuest by his oeoond "^ 
in I he cboni.'el of Itielunund chnrdi. 

I Vatet waa held un«qaall«I in Shakp- 
s[>eai«an cIowdjl Willia aays in 17^: 'U 
hamour, proprif-ly, nod a done ndberence t* 
natur«i*ndcrninauTaliiahlein the theatrital 
world. . . thora ia not a more uaefhl nors 
man pleoainft performer nnw in Dniry Laa*.* 
The 'Dmmatic Censor' oalli him 'a TNyjiut 
couiediaii who is seldom Wholden to iricklbr 
applause.' Datiea coupled bim with Bei- 
jamio Johnson [q. «.] aa n Beenuldrk or 
Teniers of the eUoe. Tlwi author of tha 
'Thoatrical Kognptnr,' 177S, eommendtkis 
propriety in dreasiiig hts parts, and ssy« tbt 
the stage baa no better actor in Inw-hataom. 
Dibdin tilmn* bim to IFoderhill, nod awards 
him the prcficence orer all French aetoit 
of his day. Churchill ronceJen gndsinB!^ 
his merits, but cbidn ym for rormtlsngDif 
words, and holds bin naable lo plaj i 
tlenuu). 




Yates 



303 



Yates 



Ilia Slur]), Kutril, Brtiinn-onn, Aittolyen*, 
Scrub, Don lUnurl, Aiiloninin 'ChaneM,' 
Sfiacr, Fondluwifi:, nnd Sir Oliver Suriaoe 
wn« uuKurpaiutcd : iui<ihUlintOraviMli^«r, 
PwchaBi, CIotiM], 8ir Ito|,-rr nrltnoiil, BDd 

Jmrf Blackacrpp.TWlIcnt. IiicWntcteremch 
fM Sir Fmnciii Wmnelif ml nnd lion ljiwi« 
bo win finnd, but deficient in forci-. YniM 
rWired wiih a hniKlsoaii! rompfitrnce (of. 
&)«)£», i.7> ./J. /*. A>uiA/f. i. ll>41. Hii 
porlntil u L«uni».' wtui painli'd hj Bonuor, 
and fomrtd by Roberts (Bromlgt, p. 416). 

A lire. Y«l*8 from Dublin apueared el 
TlnifT l.nnc on 32 I'ob. 1800 n* \ngi>lit in 
tbo "Ciutln PpnftltB." She \a tail! to hnVB 
biim thn widow of n bmthcr of Hicli»rd 
Yates,* licutunnDt in tin? arin<r allot in 11 
doe) ijim monibH nfli-i Vntrs'ii dvittli, in a 
d^ate relatirtr tu Valtf«'s bousv in Piniliiyi. 
'Whstimr irulb tb<>TW mav be in this atart- 
Ihig w«prti<>n, Mra. Vniw'aclwl in Dublin, 
SliellWld.nnd nlanwliiro, and, baring mnrri'^d 
■nin, plnrrd lu Mrn. Anndl Inti: Mr*. 
InUw, OD •! June 1S0"J nl Dnirr l.nnc, (Iil- 
QuHvi) tn'Ilnnili^,' itnd duriajt thu suoAun 
iraa awn in sumi- utbn' pniti. 

fOtnian'* Accnuiil of lli« I^iiitllth i^tnca; 
Ditidin'* Edjiilim^b Slajtei Datihi'h l.ifo 'if 
Ovriek: DmiiiBtieMiiieelUniH: TluMpinaDiri,: 
Gtllilnni's Dmnutie Uirrori Dib4in's f Hit. of 
tbo SMgii; Monlbiy Mtmir. vul. t, ; V'unTnr'H 
OoldiHnilh ; CIvk Itunrll'i Krprotwntalinf 
Acinn ; Tliivi'ritnl Biojr. ItJ'i: Donn'iAnnnli 
of ihs Sta?". od. Lowo : (if-ni. Moff- April ITSifi; 
branintii? L'uiiwr; WilkVa (Ourrii^k) Viaw uf 
tbs Slii.. I TtieatrieBl K<virir. 1748,] J. K. 

YATOR, iUCIUBD (I7«n-|H»4). divina 
njid nntiqiuirr, born in .Tidy 1"IW al Btjry 
St. Bdmundii, wm tha wo of Itirbnrd Vitt<>ft 
(1741-1803). Ha wu odncatfid nt tbi> liiiry 
mmmar Hcboot, but left it nt thn ag« a{ 
flfUcn to tak« a yoal an uubcr in n Kcbool nt 
LintOB, Cnnibriclgeiluru. In 1709 be wu a 
tMcber in tlw Cbelmaford grammsr acliool, 
and in 1793 at n whoot in H8mni«r«niith. 
In Sept«inbcr 17136 bn wu ordained dnncon, 
oaA prMched bin tint wnnon an cMimtv of 
ibe Ch^laea Uoiipitiil on 2 Ort. 1796. In 
Jannaf^ 1707 be waa ordainHl pri«ii,iuid in 
Man^h ITItn bo waa apiiuinlcJ one of the 
chaplninn of tbn hn^pilal, with wbich lu' r^ 
maini-d ennnni:t<Hl until hia death. Wbile 
at (h(* ChrlMTa Hoipiiol ho aoqaiTed con- 
aid>-raMe cvputation an n pnpuUr pmaehnr. 

On 38 AbtU 1803 bis fntltpr dird ut Kiirj 
aft«ra Tvaidmce of thirly-auvvn yean wilbin 
the walls of tbe abb»y ruins, of which hv 
waa CMrtodian. Hp bad made an •.■xlvnslie 
wriMof drawiRfpt nnd nrites on the bi^lory 
aiftheahb«T,andthi]icolIiM'tionbiai>onurid'>r- 
tooh 10 edit iGent. Mag. 18at,i.4&4). Tbs 



first put vas piihliiib'^ in 180S undei 1 
till* of* Mnnattic It<Mnnin« of the Town 1 
Abbey of Si- Edmnnd* Birry.' Il gave 
cfaranological hiatory of th« abbey, 
VatM*a >nt«nticin wnn to follow it up wil 
a lecond part, in which tho untiqtiitin of til 
town were to be desoribeil in dnioil. 'Vb»\ 
first chapter of ihiK ntr^ond part, dt-scrtlniif '1 
iho WMl«m gate of the ablwjr. and a lanw j 
minihnr of thn plate* with which it waa in- | 
l4>ndfd thnttho sncnnd part abould bo UIu 
tratcd. WL-ro puhlithcd nn npnciiaMu at tli 
end of part t. (ISOG). The finrt tbipty^tw 
pBgeaofthe appendix, iMnlDininR a imnnerii _ 
of a number of Bury churtfrw, wt-n- limihkrljrl 
pnblisbed. In 1810 YaliM stated in tfaaf 
' GsntUiDao'a Magacine'fii. 194) 'thattlisi 
iii<cnnd pnrl. wnn in greni forwardnoHi, thai 
tbirtern plntm wnrc nn^aT(<d, nnd a con- 
■ideritbli! part of erury chapter pr»pu«d'J 

Sib. iL 386). The second part, bowarm^l 
lid 1101 appear until ICIS. nine yean nftor 
Vales'a death, when a 'nucoiid edition' uf 
thnhiaturT waapiib1i«bedthroijwlitbe<dror. 
of John (inwynr Nicbolii [q-V.J, • petMM 
friend of %'nii'«. It ctmtninfd fonrtf^en ii*' 
tionnl plalei belonj^iiff to part ii., and a 1 
lection from Ur. Ynten'i muniuicript nolleo-' 
tions (o aocompaoy them. 

In May 1804 Ysics wns appoinl«d to tlio 
Ti'clorr of Athnn in E»>eK. in 1806 be tc 
thf clegree of II.D., nnd mhtoqacDtly flSli 
oflKD. atC!ainbridgf,and muncintco hinia ' 
with Jem* OoUe(^'. He lived ehially is^ 
London, whore he was in great reqncst ai 
[•teacher at the fa«hioiiable ohapeU. He in-] 
t/To^iisd bim«i>lf in the conduct and mana 
mont of many public rharities, and ac 
Bocretory of tba naylum for the deaf 1 
dnmb. In !W5 ho w*« clortdd on» of thai 
trejLsurersof the Literary Fund, H poet which 
brroutiiiued to bold till bis death nearly 
tliirly yenre later. , 

Yn(p« piihlidlied o nnmber of his sennoiw,] 
bill hnyond bin ■ HiBlorv of Bury .\bbey 1 
bii only imporlnnl nnntribiitinn in lileratura I 
was a pnmpblet enllnd 'The Ohnrch itt 
Dauf,n?r; nSlalement of tbo ('nuw, ond of 
i\k probable Memxs of sn-rtingthnt IJanjctir, 
ntleujpleil iu a I#trt>r in the Eiirl of Liver. 
pool' (ISI'lt. This pnmpbli-t, whiohpoinled 
out thn deficiency of places of public wor- 
>bip, wnn commeadRd by Vansiitart, the 
chancellor of ihe Exiilii'qnnr, u-bnn adrocab- j 
ini( pa rl i anient arv frninls for Iho omction at\ 
new chtirohes Hiid diiipvlt in the metropolil ' 
and other populouB pLicc!. Yates's popu- 
larity an a i,iindfin jirenolier, und his inde 
tiend(-nt mrnnn (dnrtvi^l frniii bis inarriaj 
in 1810 with thn only dnTijihli-r of I'atric 
Tclfcr of Oowcr Street), Inl him to dacliiM 



nanoMij 
BcMad 



Yates 



S<*A 



Yates 



ottan of Ibe liTinn of DUekbnmi in Lftnca- 
«hiw. anJ of Hilgmy in NorToUc. During 
tUe last fivn Of nii Tr«rs of liU life He W4» 
an inv»1i>),a»<l liv liipdiit Puiuliuntin K«Bt 
oti34 Aug. 1834. I!« left « fuDil^ of thrrc 
child tTi», 

A portnii Mi|rrav»d 'liNiia an oriKinal 
puBtiDg br S. DnimiMnd, «m|., A.K.A..' t« 

fina in the ' Kntopraui MagHanv ' fiir Jul^ 
818. An (wrraviiiir of " aeeoaA portntl 
by Taniwcit, a ScoUisU Brtiet, wiu pr*tii4d 
tOtli8«aoondLililioa(1843)Qf ll>n 'llUtary 
of tbo AbbfT of St, Edmuniln Burj." A 
<apj of Tumock'* piclun), piintrd bv ilottrc 
of tbu IaIvthtv J^und, U now at ibeir 
houau in Ad«lphi Tnrraeo. 

lOvnt. VUk. 1SD3 i. 481. 401. 1819 ii. 194. 
380, 1831 ii. 4S7-8 (oblMarr noliMh Usmoir 
inKuropmuSli^uiMv IS18,Uti*.l-S: Momoir 
(•ppnruuilf by J. B. }<<«holi) praSivCl lo lIm 
IStSnlitiuQ of th* IIt«tm of Bury Abbsy. ) 

G. C-a 

YATES, \nLU.\M (17W-1S15). b«p. 
tist miBSiijnnry niiil nmnlnliit, wu Ibu »oi] 
ofaabcM-mukiTof I.oiicliboroujtliinl-eicoitcr- 
ahiiv, wlicf' In! wni bofn on \'> Dvc. ITSR?. 
lie was oiliicntdd at tha lii(;h Kclioul of his 
naliv? tnnn, ntid it vru nt Gnl inCeo<Jeil thai 
b« fihould follow hi* fatbor"* trade; hut, 
liATlnK nuei^iwded bh a pTMcher, ba in* \«d 
nt llii? i«n of ciKlitocn In »tudy Uia claMical 
IniiHuaicia, iu wbicb lii* fTipndii proridod him 
with inatrui-tioii. I'or a »hoirl limu he was 
a iL'lioolniaat^r ; hut, diMriring to ijnler tbc 
baptitl minintn , lip wna ndmitlediu Miclm^l- 
inaa 1813 to tha oWv^ of that daiwml&a- 
tiOD at Hriiiol, wlivrv be eonmsoced the 
»tiidv nf nri'-nlul InTi^iiftgt^M, and lU carlT 
nt If'IS tonfnvtiJ tlin idofi of devoting hw 
lifn l.i IriinfllBliiiK thi- Bibl« into Cuten vcr- 
naculnrn. Hi" frinndi nl Bristol would h»VD 
Milt him, nftor pnmiilc'linR: his stuilits thi-rc, 
to one of t.hn Si-ottish unirt>rsitiM, bill ho 

KifirmNl to nci.*ppt an aupoititmeni with ifae 
ptiit MiuiaiiiLry .SiKiely, and ntifr come 
d«l«y,diit>lolhi' oDstAcW plncrd in ihi-way 
of roisiious bv ibe Kiwt Imlin (lompniiy, ho 
dtnrted for Inilio.nnd nrrivpd in t'di^iitin on 
la April ISlii. Ilo proMfdi-d ih«ucf to 
Suraiopor" lo join Willinm Cafuv ( 1761- 
1884) [■]. v.l,j»fbo hnd been »eut oiit bv iho 
MiiieM>cicl*inl79'J,Biid uiiilwhiadirvctiou 
commonoH tlw atudy of th« Sanalmt nod 
linnjcnW lanipia^, and bf^aji almoat im- 
mi-diiiirly to h-^lpin ibelitararrwork luidaiw 
tnlivti by'tlii' bapli't miniion. In 1817, when 
thf Sprmopnrn MlahlinhniRnl sfpnrnlcd from 
the Raptint Miuiunory Socit-ty, Vateo c*- 
main«<l «ith tbo latter, and tvmored lo 
Calcutta, wLuie he estaUialied a school, 
and bclpi^ to found the Catcutla Mi«- 



io^J^ 



■.wtueti 



■joasiy t'nMi, beMm boEUia^ '^"f^ ""^ 

other nli^Qua Mi«UuluBeaU in CUoitta 
aad it* ticuiity. 

In the tine ichieh ha ooaM SfiaK tn^ 
pnaehiof and trarrlliofc Yai«a eoBMiid 
for the UM of the Knsliiii a aimpliSad rWi 
kril gnnaau, a Sanikrit Tocnbalaiy, i 
DMnmla of Hindiiataiu and Arabic, 
vafioua baulbooha of nalunl acKotca, 
lorj,andCIitialiaa eTidencoff'jrthFia 
lion of the Indiana in Sanakni. Ilinda 
and BooMlae. TlcM wvre all publidwd 
bntwacn 1617 aad 1S37, and lua litnwy 
laboan dimnji that P^nod inclndMl, tiiJii 
a tmulaiian of the PmIuu into Benf^de^ 
rariona mMnoin of the liT«a of brotbct mi** 
■ionaneai «Maya oa poiai« of Chriitian im- 
trine, and aene pro4«Ma a^iast ibe pmni*- 
rion of the pfMttce cf «utt««, whi<.-h va* not 
drdar«d iltfjcal until 1831. Hi* edoatioul 
warka wnv printpd by the Calcutta Sdnd- 
book Society (of whieh he became Mereurr 
in IKjl I at the BaptiM Miasion 1'Tch, whidi 
was inanued by aaothvr uiaaionarr, VS'. V 
t*esn«, who had been trained at tlie r 
ClaraaAon Pnaa. 

Yat«x npiint 1837 and IRSd is AmbA^ 
andEuTopu. ICclamina to CaleattninlSSl 
Hl- was rvliuTrd of bi* laiMJoaarT dntie^ 
■ud made paitor of the Enf liah ^utdi is 
the Circular Road shidi lie iwd kalpwl te 
found. This pott be bdd tlU 1SS9, vbtn 
be ri^aigned it in order to devot« the whola 
nf hi* litDo to tnadatinc- Between 18St 
and 184r>,iho year of hit danth, be fcodacel 
B Sonikrit dictionaiT (abridged tmm V3> 
•on'a), a Hindustani diclioanry, and a MB- 
plete Tenion of ihe Bible in B«niiEaIee,«f 
which the execution and the printiiw eadi 
lasted fire JWa. lie abo translated coo- 
■iderahle portiotia of the Bible into Santknt. 
and produced a nvtaon of the Pialnu in 
the tbka metre. He eompa«d a Beojalta 
miinuBl in two volnraen, which waa )inb> 
lisht-'d after bis death br Wauwr. IE) 
educational works received eatm&nVit fa- 
ciiursgeiDL'nt from the Indian ryve n t in enl, 
which not ooly nibeidiAnl (hem, 1>ut oflen^ 
Yntan a itipend of IfiOCtl. nn coadition of 
hi« davalinti himwlf nniiraly lo such wivrk, 
which be ducliniil. WhileoMatof hisSan*- 
krit work bus practical ratber than *ci(>- 
tilic ralitf, bis edition of tlie 'Naloilm' 
(liMO)and his'Euay on Alliteration' (fin* 
published in tba^lMric A-amr^ea, n>Lu.i 
tttpiwant orijjtinal rMaarch. lie was abo* 
dandy rtiad clauir-al tcholar, a bebruri. 
and a student of (.liiniMP, and ptibtisb'd t 
trenlisH on ihc IJebruw verb and a hthliol 
manual. He rvceived iu 18.^1 the decxt 
of A.M. from the ^Vmerican Brown L*ait«- 




4 




Yaxley 



305 



Yaxley 



aitj-. Mlow-i'rl hT Ihnt of DIX in 1-<19, llu 
dipd ftinl wan biiri'^ii nt sen on 3 July 1(^15, 
on hU wnv to Kiifjlniid. whilh(!r,ovfi[ia <o Lis 
impnirnd )iealLli, lie bad bw.'n onli-nfil to re- 
turn. In JAniuiT 1816 ha marriml Catherine 
Grant, tlije dsuKliT^r of n miuionary. After 
Lvr di-alli in ]r<.1(l, lii> mnrrinil, in lAll, 
Mftrtlui Pnarce, llirwidnw of hi« r.ofiiJjiitor. 
inoby'* Momoit of Y^lm. Lan<lon. 184T.| 

X>. S. M. 
YAXLEY. PRAXCIS (d. }olV,\ cr>n- 
«ptnlor,wii«tlie«ldiMt Moof liichnnlYnxln; 
of Melli*. Si:ffri1l[. by hi* wif<T Ann.>, tialljih- I 
tw <rf Riigpr Austin of ICrwIihom, Suttblk. 
Thft family, whos..- nnmit wns ori([iiinlly IIitt- 
Iwrt, hud lon^ been Kt'tllc^d nt VuvW Htll, 
DLiir Kyi; Suffulh. wherv the dvHCi^udants 
of Rialianl's iiucl^, Join Yaxl<<v, n nnti'd 
•(■rit^iil-al-lnw in the rnieTi of Henry VI! 
(JWmnofon f'orrr/p. pp. l.'2-3), eoniiiiiind 
nnlilthripiirhtpfTilhpentury- Itidiard YaiU-y 
in confiued by Dnvy witH lii< hid f- brut Ii.-r, 
Rahrrt Yaxley. M.D., our (if tliy »ix pliy- 
rici>n* mrnlion^d in Tltnry ^'II^4 nritfinal 
cbnrler ( I61S) to tby CollejtP of Pliy*icinn*, 
■cou4iliarii)ft' ofih-collngnin l.ViTaiid 1.126, 
ksd pbyucinn to Mnrgnret I*a1'<, coiintt^i of 
8«Ii«l>iirT, and othi-r ]wr»on" of irmintncp at 
Bttiry\ Ill'si-ourt ( Mwx, Suffolk Collerliorm 
in Addil. MS, lUKitS. f. H-Ji); L'lteri and 
Favers ijf Hrmry Vtll. II. ii. 4460, nv. i. 
lt*[; Mfsk, OUl. •■/ Phyit. I. 23-3; alnt^f 
ItobiTTt VbxIi'v lias venw prefinml to Oorynt'i 
' (Hcombinn Ham|iii>t ; ' II ii!(Ti;a'» ' (.lioriu 
Varum ■ in Addit. MS. 244.S^, f. 3111. 

Francis iijipi'iir* to haro nwt-d his intro- 
duction at court tu Cecil, wlioin \iv was lud 
' to niveMnc« M ihuirf-b hv iverw hi* fstW;' 
lu w»» deecribed *• ' C-ecil* Yaxli-y,' nnd 
MkBOwlod^ed hi» indnblndnrsi to ('rpi]** 
• gwilr coiiniK>ls nnd fnthitrly ndmrin if ions' 
(Cf. Jlatjjfld MSS. i. 74 ; Cat. State I'apcrt. 
Vat. 1 fill 6a, p, *!!«; /Wto|-» 0/ Jiminmt 
Lit. Mai. Camdt-u Sue 0. \'.i). About \:A1 
b«obtainodemjiloyiiiviit bythe^rityooiiucil, 
DOMJUy in ill'' Mgn«I afflce.and 111 ,Sepi-mVr 
uAf^ h? nan engn^d in birin); Italian nifr- 
cpnarim for wrvinfl in KtiKland iAett P.C. 
1847 60, p. I'Sl). In ir>50 hu was «nii to 
Italy to complutv Iiii diplumativ pducation. 
and ynA altuobed to the ■.•mbuEev of Velvt 
VaiinM[q.v.i lie returned to CngLaDil in 
Noveisbor lVi2, pawing ihmngfa tSpirm, 
wlwra 'at n great btinqili-t thu I'llUirnivn 
■BSda Yaslny his i-np-bi'nrr'.f ' ) Cnl. State 
Pt^ert, For. I."!!"--);!, p. i'MJv lie wb« n^- 
tumod to pnrlianHriil for Dunvr ith on 2'J Ftb, 
1Sfi2~3, Bad adoiitled a student uf Orsy'tt 
Iiin ; but in tb>^ fidtowiD^'' April bi- wii8«ent 
to join Nichol»« Woiton [g- v.], the English 
Hefore he Mt out 



niDba«a<!or in Fronce. 

TOL. LXtll. 



Nonhunibnrland ' u»d bim xtrjy (p>ntly,' 
ftiving bim l«n crown*, and a^inji Yailny to 
Yrriio to him from France {UatJUld SiSS. 
i-ll8, lai). 

Valley ri'turned to England early in Mary'a 
reign (cf, ELttt>, Ordinal l^Utm, 3rd a«r. 
iii. 312-l.'i), and on .1 Oct. I&A5 nma elra-l«d 
memVr of parliamniit for Stamford. IJnfore 
March iri.'<i-7 ho bod bifotnc clerk of the 
nignct. and in Jnnuury I5G7-8 hu wan re- 
tumcil to piirliainriil fur Saltaiili. EIc re- 
taint>d his ('Ifrkehip under Kliiabetb, and 
IpCt-rrs to biui from Sir Tbnmnn l!1inlon«r, 
Vipooiinl Monln^iii*, Sip Thoman Wharton, 
the Knrl of Ilunlinj^Ion, ri<niii>slin{t his c«- 
opomtion in furlhrnm™ of llioir suits, indi» , 
caH: that hf will pu*«t-i5iil of some iuUueDOe 
(Cal. State I'aprrt. Dom. lG47-*'0, paMitu, 
AdJt>uda, l."jir-IS5, p. 509). lie wag, baw- 
ever, according to tli« Spaoith ambaMSdor, j 
* a (rood catholic,' and combined « Inva (a> 
intriguo with nn inability to !(«■]> socrct*. 
Tim samr- nulhority static ibat in January 
1500-1 bf was in pritoo for 'babhlintf' about 
GIJMbiAb'B [)ropi:i«e<l marriagu with I.onl 
Itoherl Dudley (Oat. Simmetts MSS. \. I8(^ i 
-'I3],bnt in thetameyear hewuaaid loh^i 
pitsliing a iichcinn for thif quFirai'a marriaga 
with ibckingof SwRdi'n. 11 is mom cnrtain 
ibat during tliis timL- be nas in Icnguu with 
thr Countms uf Lvnnux [see UocoLts, Ljtnl 
M-MUiiBFi], who employed him to obtain 
information from the S^iiiab ambMsador, 1 
and to furibpT 1 hi> projwt of marriage hctw«Rii ' 
tlie countius's son Darnlny and Xfnry (Juci'Ji 
oTScols. On U Feb. lfitJi-2 YnsW wrolo 
. to Dudley from Ipswic^h, imploring hia 
aistance. as be had been Buminuned to apt 
before the council, and before the '22ai 
was iu the Toner. The arliclM againat tb 
CounleM of l."niinx vnre jmrllv ba^cd 00 
l*a«l»-y'« confi'mion (TiiA Slair i'ajirri, I'or. 
l.'ilM, No.Sav Yiixlr^yhimn-lf was rxaminnd 
by tbeprivveouncilon 14 Jan. ICBi! ^iAeltX 
P. C. 1668'70, p. 18(1, W.V. ' Ywdi-y;' Voltvn.' 
MS. Culig. B. viii. f. 298), 

The daM of YaileT'a r0lMW(> la unceKainj 
but in July l-^M tw ■'^pa^i«h ambaatadov.d 
reported to I'liilip II that he won goin^ to^ 
^Tandeni, and tlu'iice to .Scotland; 'lio is a 
person well acijualnted with affairs hern, and 
will be ablr- to cive the Ijucen of Scola a 
great deal of iiilurmition . . . they lull me 
he iaa demoted wrvani to your MH{Miy'(Ot/. 
SimantiU MS& i. ViO). Whilo in Flanders 
be is «nid (1''lt''iTDK) to have biwa «mpIoy«d 
hy thn Coiuitrss of Lcoinox 'a« tht apocial 
ftiTMit of her comispotidenee with the conli- 

nenlnl fuurts;' but liis stay tb1^r« waa tllOTt) 

and about iO Aug. he emburlied for Scotland. 

' On llie way his veasel wm diased and firi>d 




OB b^ •■ Eoiltlli WtmiKil^mMr, to wtwMe (bul 
botUMi abitti Tukr mrad hu Mnp^ lb 
ludad bE Eilinfcvih on tkn SO^ «Bd at 
*ww^« beeuBtt DwwT^f cODiAdBQi bbiI ^i^ 
oHaiT- )Cuj aliW toU fcim all her mckU, 
■adMHectedliint t') go to Kiilip It kndpUea 
kvcasMU rtiilip* d'wyil uad imdar In* 
p(Meetia«. YuW wm, knnmr, ^«iu »»• 
aUt to cofuriil bia taa|pw, and wiUun k Eiv 
4an Raadcitph wh abb to dcaeiib* tbe 
d ycCa of BM nuflwM to tlw Evuml jorava- 
meat. Tssbr uiMUwfcilt HilM fruoi Dsk- 
taiM* OB 16 ^Pt^ ladt tnvriliBtf ihraorfi 
F1aad«ri, raachad Sagvria on 30 Ort. Ha 
was w«U tmirvd br FhUi^ aai] loilgad at 
tW botua of OomKkt IVmr {OtL Stmanau 
MSS. L 497-8>. Rre dan later be st out 
OB bia return, witb Philip's BnimaeM <iC 
wafon aad a «>)B«id«nb]e aiub of fOBay. 
Hm tcwkI n< vrnkad in tba Nortk Sea, 
sad YaxlcT'i bod; vaa nat ty «a tba eoaat 
of NottbiuDbcrlaad, tbs Bwaoy oa it baiBg 
Blade tlur aubjcel of a diplomatic di^vt* 
b rtw^ui Mwyaiid Elnabalfc. TbabodjwM 
IMB Oa wl fcr burial to Yaxlof . to the pour 
aad dkiDcb of wbieb be Mk honBwM br bia 
iril. datad $ J«lr IWl <£«>M£jr&a,an. 
»V 

■ypuentli- had no iasiar. and brquealked bia 
uufKttv and inlvrvsl \a Yaxlej Hall to Us 
lulicr.irbo aarnfed biai. 

[CaL But* Puar^ mm. For. and ^oitb, 
pBioiDi; Tboip** CaL SeoUiab i%d* npan, 
i.Il»; BuDtCal. IH7-«3^IM:A(t><Jtlu 
PiifT OmdrL «d. Daatal ; OttMd SSS. T>]L L : 
CM^ BMBncTllMUsarPari. L »o. 193. 
3H; FMUr^lUff.or 6cs;'»Im: Taahi'aBa- 
b^tea FttL da U Fmn at dr rEsfacna ane 
rEBMo. lS«t. ii. 3*3 : P'fMts d'^u nfat^b 1 

raiK-d* i'Rkaw (BuiMtjB* cub).u la-s. 

U-S: Tiaiblioe <4 SaSiifc hi UuL US. liS. 
1*;: HarL M:?. IIW.C tH; DaiT** Snfblk 
0>IWu<ia* (.iJdit. Xa. ISIM. C 11S..U): 
Addit. MS. U31. er. W. 39. M ; B>*luaga M& 
B.4t3.r. 41^ HM.3I3S.Comi.I«fcS^AppL 
ir. 4« : KiDudo* Uiic of EailaBd.] 

A. F. P. 
YCKHAM, Pctke or 0»- 12»?X duo- 
■ickr. [See Icxbax.j 

TEA, LACY WALTER GILES CISOS- 
18561, cnloneU bom ic Park Row. Brialol, 
eaWMar l:«^ waaeldou mb of i«ir Wil- 
Ban Wafin' Tea. aacood barawt, of Vrv ' 
had. near Taaatoo, SoaanM*. vbo iBaiTnd, 
oaM Jon*iai»,Atia( lI««hi>Mi«r(<f. If^tit, 
jOoacMt danfbtrr of Cokm^I I>atid Miclwl 
of Dfllitb Howe, Doner. Tbo hsaWx of Yea 
haU Undin tbclhini«ntliei«turrat)d«rUw ' 
afcbotoof BuiAfaMtlwghlt DtTontbirr. Darid | 



Oct. 



Vea,bc>baknffirfSaaMDWt iBl73B.Mnal 
adam&tervfSr WUGaa Lacy (ffUttav. 

Lacv Y<a araa cdaeatad al 
UalBwliar; maitaMa a iliii iiaai Jibi b 
bad witli a big bojr of aiztMa, irt&la 
woa 'bf ihMr itach,* wIkb b» wm ^ 
tbirtecn IMtm^ ^ |3>. U» m> <w- 
I f ligii in tli« 37tb SMt m 
leaSCabtaaad aa aaaitarfcel I»- 
iMaanOB 19 Dw. 1898, ««* n I'n <' 
tba Ikk iMt an 13 Sfawb IS^, aai m- 

13£»bI8S& na«md»Wkk«aa 
Mfditftran^a aad A^wria, baeaauw at- 
tain 30 D(«. Usatk, -II ijii OB 3 Jw^lie, 
and l i wiea a ^ - w OoMl o« » Aov. L6SDL b 
18H bo IPMS oat ia rraai— wl af it to 
Tpfc^aadlbafWia. -A ^ui cfaaM- 
ward, lafj, neleat natai*.' ba «w '«■ 
rat^ an MdoaMV af diaeipliaa thri bt W 
Borae bwa Bach Gfcad la paaca tooa h 
tboa* ski bad to obtnr ktm ' (K«LU& & 
33l.4a3). Hab>a^^wroc« taUtwM 
juM b(4!m tba battla nf the .Uma: *tb 
KoMiaaa an baton tae and aiy owa BKB aa 
bsbiad ne. to I doa't tbink vaa wiB amc 
•w taa again ' i"Woo», p. «M).' 

.\t tbc AlioB bb wy li ae a t waa aa tbi 
ngbt of tbo tufbt dinaton, and baca** ••- 
8^ witb tba left wtBC of lb» Kant 
Kpaeni, a deap nlama ir ftflmn ba^nd 
mea. TbafluiUm, 'a lovw^baotleddM 
of «■ or anaa bnadiad Eabi ta&atrTwa 
witboat lofBaiiaa,* beU tfipir ova a^^ 
tU* cofanaa wbM tik tnt of CbdtiKW^ 
brifM* badUlaa bocfc, aial at bi«lbbBd 
it ta Hire var. tUa nii al l wa* lugalj i» 
to Yta'a ptciaaal ai — ti oaa : *bti dark mm 
vieldod tu«,aBd alltbe wbib fton bkdor 
cbiMDcd bmrOm* Hp tfcBM pcaM IM 
tbiutder of UBpneatMn aad eoawd' 
(K[!tBUXK,>i-4i4-T.'»?-rn Tb-irpiBMi 
loat twWra oKnr* aad mra* i^b tvi 
baa^ed nea. Yaa ncaTed a kttir d 
hearty tuugiatafatioa froH Sir Kilavl 
Blakeaey, who lud led tb» miiaial * 
Albutn. aad wai ru^w ita eotowl CKkuA 

At tobenMB the fimljeni, as part rf 
Codrin^a's brigade wen oa tba «Idf*<i' 
Vietona tid^, acttDf «a tte rigbt fM&af 
tbe RiuaiaB*, but aot mr Mmedj npfii 
Y«a WM BMBtioaad ia dr«pat(iaa of^ift. 
and II Nov.. and waa awdo bnTat^do*) 
on 2^ Nov. Dorii^ tba hafrbijiia af ik 
iriaiM' bb car« of hn mam waa aaaaalaj- 
•IVr were the fint who bad bM^udML 
Wbta otber nwineau ««nis andof ««? 
coofcrt. aad aiaow. of eratr mrtmrnif, *» 



I 




Yeamans 



307 



Veamans 



fiutiliRrs, bv tbv care of tlioir colnnol, bud 
evcnrlbinx ibkl could b« procuivd hv nxor- 
t'xm and fnriuiirlit. ilf nnrcr tnJMRd n turn 
of <lut_v lu tlip tti'ticlios escupt for n nborl 
time, wLeii his mt^dicul utlmidiuit hud to 
tue •■v«r>' f fTorl ('> iiiduui;- Liin lu go on bootd 
nh'iii lo Mvw bis life ' (Kus&I!LL, p. 4Ua). 

In thu tiimtn^r b« b«d cooimand of » 
bri^nile of tba light dlvuion, nnil in tbn 
■Mault of Ibn IlcSkR, on \h Juno lr;ri,^, ho 
Inl ibe coluuiii dircotcd iij[niii»t ibii Irft 
f«CB. It coupiaiifd ot' n CQVofinft jiiifij- of a 
ItRDdml rinriDen. B Inddvr puny of about 
two hiinilrad, a si urmiu); party of four hun- 
And unn of lh(- 34lb, and a reaervi- of ei^bt 
haadrcd uinn of the ~th uiid 33rd. I<enving 
tliB laller imdiT covit for ilur f imo, li" ivrrni 
Ibrw&nl witb thi- nut. Tiii-v hail n qunrtcr 
of a uiiii^of opi-n gmund to vraa iiniU-r siidi 
■ tbowr of gnfn a* tlio oldivt «oldicr« hud 
noTsr w«n befotv. Vi'n n-ncljud thv abutiia 
with tb«' wreck of his parties, but iberu h'.> 
WW ifaot Anai. ITis body wan lirou;i)it in 
■ml day. nnd hi> wn* b'lrjad 00 the wth. 

Lord Uoftlnn. in hii d««patch of the I0lb, 
•aid: 'Colonol Von wan not only diitin- 
euishvd for bu nllanirv, bui had Rxcrciivd 
Bta control of ilia rojal tamlien in tach a 
wannnr ne lo win ih,. nflVction ofllw wldien 
undtT hi* onW»,HaiI d) secmvto tht>m(!very 
comfort and nr.ROmniodalion wliieb i*r*')nal 
exurlioni rould oiu^irn for i.Iinni," Sir Wil- 
liam Codriiiiiton, then (^oinninndini;ilt>>li|iht 
division, wrolp to Vpb'* nijitcr* in limilnr 
tenu«. but mom fully (MoseA», p. 109 : cf. 
nUo Itl-^Er.I, p. ■11>'I|. HiH<?Id«t sistur put 
up a tnarbl" iminumeiit tu hint in hi> piinsli 
eDurch of Taunton 81. JHtniM's,Suu»!rsi.-t. A 
btwdrtonn mBrks hit gjave in th» oeinetary 
M Sebastopol. 

Vea WM unmarried. I lis fntlmr •un-ivcd 
bin), dying on :N) Mav ICiGi', wlinn ihit bom- 
nntcy pufWd to LBcy\ youngfr brotlu-r, Sir 
Unnri- I-ncy Ywa (/I. 1804), ibinl and tusl 
hnroner. In fiu-n Yen l)ore 11 stn)n([ likcnrtu 
to Xajioli^on I, nnil be one-* wi^nt 10 a fancy 
ball at lint h iu that fhnracter, with Ilia brotber 
officera bk his puito. 

(Slondaj'sUiilory onhnFitniilyofViMi.Titiin- 
Ion. 1885; Wal]#r'ii R.-fopd»of llin Royal Fu«i- 
lian; Kint^ahas Wnr in thv CriniM; WikmI'* 
Ci4«M la IBAt and in tHQt: Rumira L*tl*n 
t« Iha Tlmn, rtf-iinlol I3j6; U<ul.2d*|t.l8Sj, 
it. 203-] E. a. L. 

YEAMANS, Sra JOHN (16IO?-I«74), 
barotiel,oa1onialip>vernor, ddi'KtHiiitof Johti 
VcNUuan* (rf. liit.'O, brtwer, of Itristol, wns 
born at Itrislnl and liKptistd at St. Mary 
RedclyfleonS)^ fob. lull. He at tain with.' 
rank of colonel in tbo royaliM. army, nnd 
■bout l6uU migrated to Barbados. In July 



' 1060 be wa* on tho council of thai ooh 

I In IC63 a nuinbor of planter* in Oarl. . 

' uiadu arnu|i«inent« witli tbo propriatOM 
Carolina (br catabliahinii a colony at Cap 
Fear. The proprielore, by lliu picrciM 
tbrir inAucnce al court, iiouiired a barunelej 
forVaaoiana,confeiTBclonhiinl:tJnn. le(U-IS 
and on 11 Jan. \6(fR iboy appointed bim go--' 
VLTiior of Ihnir colony, wiili a jurisdiction 
eitvnduii; froin Cape l-Var In Son Iklaloo. 
Tbe country was lultdClnrondon. Vraranna 
wa4 abo lUiitrucled lo pxplcw Ibf cooK 
eoutli of Cape Fear He iiuled with Ibm* 
vomi'Ia from linrbaiki^ in Juiitiary I66(t, and j 
rcophiid <'np F(inr, but sustained hwiTyloa«! 

] by thi! way from ronsh woaiher. Accord- 1 
ingly ho tuon rctuniKd 10 Bailmdos, learin^ 
the manairemcnt of the new u-ttlrmi-'nMo ' 
a d«pui)-,CBtiiain KoU'rt Sundfon!. Wlwa 
in Km I.ocke' drww up for Carolina a fun- 
tiuilic napiir con«litijt iun entitled the ' fitnda- 
muDtnlronEtitniion.'whicli was neveruact ly 
a[>pli«d. Veamans wna c9*tod a landfrrav^ 
In ItMIS Veflmmu wan niifain conimiasto&ed 1 
by the proprietoni and attempUid a tetlla 
luvul, hut without buoc-hm; and in thofoUJ 
lowing; year be, under authority given I7J 
ibocomniiuionrrs.nominHted William Sayul 
[q. r.J tn till! goTiTiiorjbip. Snyle died iB'l 
March ion. liefori'hiidtiatb he nominated] 
a« bis succuBiur the deputy KOTirnor, Jowpb] 
Wmt l^C'al. StnCr tapfr; Atni-ripn nnd Wriit ' 
Indies, llS09-"J, p. A'2). aiid thin uppoinl- 
Qtont was approved by tlie uolouiila. Tlie 
prnpri(itor*,!iowev(.r,on 31 Aug. ltl71,to tbo 
KTral diAinti'fn^^lion of (he i)Kiple, appointed 
Vf^nmnns to thn eovemorfhip. He was pro- 
claioied nt Chnrlen Town on 19 April lli'i 
The colony during hii (toYnmnrKhin «iiflVred 
from interna! diiHiBHflion<,iind wn* tnrnntenod 
both by the Spauiardsond tbelndiooK. Tho 
proyrietors found fsuli with YeamnoJi as ex' 
iravaijnnt nnd iadifl«rait lo their intercala, 
Tlii< coloniiM objected lo his proGls a« an j 
nporter of fDod^tuirs from Barbados. In 
.\pril \ii'\ tho propriolora superseded Yea- 
inonv in (aTour nf bis prcdnndsior Wiat, and 
in the saine year he rvtumi^d to Knrbado*, I 
wh«re I10 died in August. Hia connection 
with the colony is sUU cumroeniomtFd hy 
the ancient inaDsion of Veamans Hall, uii 
(JooseCreolt, nenr Clinrles Town. Sir John's 1 
contidt^rnhlo wiinlth in Darbsdos passed tff' 
bin ton, Thlnjor Sir W'illinni Vcnmans, serond 
bnront'i, and (frent-jcmtidfnthiT of Sir John 
Yesmansuf llarhuttoH, irhiisc ton. Sir liobrrt 
(J. 19 Fob. \im), wa» Ihu last bnronet, 
[Borke'i Kitiiu't liiininntcip* ; (i]aupm>t*rsbir« 

I X.>ti-« noii Qu<.rn>, 1884. it. 94. and IWBJ. ». 

I 3'>7. 431 : Colo oiiil Si ito I'll per*, ni. Sninnl.uryi j 
CarrDU'iQiiioticalCoIlortioDvf Soulli Cnraliua; 

> X2 




=TO 






I 

I 



Yeamans 



30S 



Yeardl^ 



■oCnilr'* HiM. of Sovth CeraltM wdar tb« 
PminM'irT novi^aMC. I8B7. pf^ 8, W, 76. 
7», 81. M. Itt. ISI. 1S9. Ul. ISO. IM-«. 
l«0-». 171, Ut ; Bton'a Skpteli «/ th< HiM. «f 
Soutli UaruHna; Rant m Blit. of AmUi Ouo- 
li^. ITT9; WiBnr't Hui- tif AiDtrioi; Apfl«> 
toa'a Cnlop. (rf Abct'icui BMKnpbj.j 

J. i. D. 

YEAUANS Of TEOUAirS. RORT.KT 

f dL IMS), roj>li*t ,c*aie of a numrmaa BriUAl 
family, and wai pr^lMifaly nrmrly ivlatnl to 
William Vfumnn" I l-'>r8-16.i;?'t.«HTi>diial* 
of lUlliil ('i>!l<i[i'. Osford, iitcumbcnt of 
Si. Pliilip"*, Kri.ilol, wbrrs he waa uoled 
a* a punltD, niti) froin ItJI-f till bU dMih 
prebaBiUrj of BrUloI Catlieilnil (Komttt, 
.aAtnnt OtoR. l.'iOO-irU: I.R Nrcii, Futfi, 
I.«»;Hr\r, /?nVo/,p. 146). Rotwrt wm 
• woll-knoirR nKTchant and aUmnui of 
BriMiJ, andin HUI L'serTcdaaabrrifT. He 
van rojaliai in hia ivnpalhiea, and («Ht in 
1613 ccmceiTol a jilan for betraying ilie 
dtf , vbich vaa lAen undm th« puliamen- 
laiy eovi^raor Nnthanipl l-'iniiiw* fi\, r.], 
into ijie linndi nf I'rinri: Ilajwrl. Iln com- 
raunicHIrd witb Clinrtiw 1, who wm tbcn at 
Oxford, ami tbe kio^ *Mit liim a eam- 
miMion to enlial mun iii Lia aerviM. Rupert 
nnu to bring rtiof iliouaand hon« anJ two 
tbuuwiiid fool (0 Purdliam Dovn, and ibv 
royalUta in Drisinl, who ware Mtimat^d at 
two tlioiiiuind, wnro to «eiz« thi* Fromc- 
gate and admit Ifiipcrt'ii f(>re». Tho plot 
wa« to lakv rO'i'Cl oti tile uij(ht of 7 Mnreb 
I(U2 3 ; bul KiciiDi-H Iicard of it. mid mi (lint 
day Yi-BinaiiB uod liis priiK'ipul t'oiiF'^ilcralirB 
w«n' arrNi>^J in kin boiiao 10 Win* 84rvet. 
•A Brief tt«Uiion of tlin Plot ' was piib- 
liabed by parlinmrrnt on \!t ?>Inn:ti (I.ondon, 
4to], variou* witticui-'s wrm csnminod in 
that end tbe rullDwlii)^ month, andonSUay 
Yveinatia vcm e'nidvtnuitti lo diMilb by a 
court'innrtial 08 a traitor. Cl>arli-s made 

rt ffforta to wiTa him, and Ixird Fortb 
at«nod to uxncntn a Himilar niimbnr of 
{larliBmi-ntary priwinvra in his hand*. The 
thn-ttt jirovi'd iinrk-ai, and Yi^amani u-an 
bengvd oppo'ili' liiH huuw, and bis rrmaina 
wer^burii-dinf'hrijrtniUK-li.BriBl.ii. When 
Ktvnnra irni himvir on hia trial lii* «iecu- 
tion of Vi'mnfln* wan one of the cbargoa 
brougbl B^inal bim by I'ryiinc. 

H« ia aatd in the ruj'aliit accounts t« ban! 
left hj hi« wif->, B kiiiHwoniun also named 
YiMBBan*, oighl vxry young cbildruu, aiid a 
ninth waa born poniliuniniiiily. The eldeat 
•on i* anid to hnvp Ikith Kir John Y^anuiOS 
[ij. V.'. and tbu iwpond Sir Hobi-n YMtnutno, 
wlio.liku bis brotbur. was crpoted n baronnt 
on 31 iluc. llJOtiaud di'.-d without isauf,b«ing 
hiiTivd in St. Mary It«dclyOV, Briatol, on 



4 




UT Aw*. 



7F«tkl0^7. B«l«Ch 

tilioM: Str Jobs ««» bom sol hlar 

lei I , and Kr Kobwt «»■ baptawa da ISA^ 

I6i;,and both ww af f iaoil j w>gf Jnto 

VauaaM, bn>«r, of Bidd»^ «fca» wSit 

dated IMSl MasT otbn- nanfan oT iW 

Ian ily aiv mcBtaiMMd ■• 

in Wal affiun M BcMtnl aad «t 

( Gil. Srnit JVfvn, !>■». aa4i Ai 

W«M Illd•a^ fa«0 an- pMi->>- IVmIt 

child nf tba ronltit w1mm« nwJcmaUp u 

bim ia cMablulwd i* bi« dawliur A:m*^ 

who Banied TImmm C^rtia, t£» ifm 

Keadins, and tnUrveded for G««rM 

ndaaM ■■> i«(« (a. Doa. iaa(»-i7 

Foi,,;<>*rmj;i8Bl. 1.-179). Oilier 
ot ili« Yfamaai bKily wm* qmk«n^ 
one of tbMB marrwd IwWI, dbivliia 4f 
Slarnrrt Fell, and atMidaiiekm of Fa lA. 
pamn; Smith, Cat.J^im£raK>k*,f.aag). 

[Tlw Simnll Fia ta iiul ic w and Canfaaiiw 
. . . London. 16t3. <io: Th* Two SMr 
HaRTta. LMdss. KtX. 4to ; AiM>T. MS. tVtl. 
tr. SS6, SA8 : RwbvQith'H ColWtiaa. tn. ii. lU- 
lai ; Liata of SheriA, IS9S : Cat. St»ta Faim 
Pom. l«IO-3. p. t<t: Clansdon'* RvMImb,*!. 
Mvnr, rii. (8; GardlMA CSril War, i W: 
IliM. 'MS-<^ CoaoL iUi EUp. Apfi p. UI; 
Commooa' Janraala, iii. ft7 : Onka ol PsTf luili 
M.<S. i. 47. It>7. IN. IIB: Wubart.v). PnM 
KopsrU ii. IMkI i Sajw'a Mmmn of BfiK^, 
ii. :itUlii|>iCorf7aail Enan'a Hist. afBHuiiI. 
i. luS; WMhloano'a BiU. Olonc rol. ti. n 
il. rtli; Ruik'b Bnxol. pp. 14d.9-. Bub'iEl- 
tiDcl Barooitciw ; GluonolanluM Soim 
Qacnt*, ii. 9I-). t. SV7-8. 431.) A. F.P. 

TBABOLBT. Si« GEORGE 0690?- 
Ift^li govcmo* of Viiirinia, aon of 
Yeaidley, merchant- uvlor of l^ondm, wt ' 
bom abi>UE l.'iW: hi* brotlwr Itnlph vat a 
IjMidiMi apothecary- Hating cprrrd in tb* 
Low COunlrtca, he toiled wiib SirTlKnaw 
OatM fq. v.] to Virginia in Jud" ItiO&M 
board the E><^lireraaci>.and wa.> •-bipwrvdod 
in tbo n»m)ndaa. Hr rT»ntuallr rtvchrd 
Virxinin in May IGIO. In Aiirtl' 1616 -SirJ 
Thomai Dale, the jtoremor, nMiimnl 
Kncland and appuiatFd Y'mrdley hi* drpuli-l 
Ycardley relaxed the exceedingly wnnl 
•VHt(-m of p^iemiiir'Dl adiipled bTOak;at' 
tli^iianie finii-h>.' tlinwi>d HrmnvwinkisdMl- j 
ili£« wilb thn Indian*, nnd under hivtbcl 




{ear Yeordley voiivii England. ()n li^Xnv- 
618 he waa ap['oiii'*»l p>vemor of \'iTpm» 
foralennof ilircn ycon.;on t]i« Sitb ww 
kniKhlixl at XpwmarliM by JaoM'' I, wk* 
had ft lonff eonvenatioin with him npoa tW- 
nligion 0? the Indiana; and in tbf fbllo«iaf 




d 




Yeardley 



309 



Yeardley 



Janiurv hvi Millci) to tha txiUiay. In Julj 
ho, Bctiu); under iiutlriiclions from tlm Vir- 
giaii CuiiijiiLnv, nuniuiuai-il the lirst ci^luuial 
OKsfiuhlj. Pu S Nov, liil.'! Vi-iintley was 
Buccvi^sd by Sir FroiicU Wysll [q. v.], 
Vfhi™, bowBver, wrly in Ifiitt, Wyntl rirtirpil 
bom qIKgo, Charlie I appnintnil Vmnnjlny 
liis *nccra«or, and he. lintil tbu mill* of ^- 
T«fnm out from 17 Mny until lii* deuih nn 
ICI.Vov. 181'". 

Uuritig hii (Unr Bilmlii'iBt ration! imjior- 
Innt (■vents in lliu lifn uf i\ie colouy liud 

ytofcen f\iu:K. Tliv ' llnl r«prvM^ii(uiiv(> 
Hhtcrably In iW wi^lvni lieniih|ihi>re ' lini] 

'wet «c ' J»in>';>Iovni (111 90 -Inly lOlfl. [n 
mjO n Dulf h lann-fjr-wnr lind Inndrtd tnnnty 
ncjiru »lnVM for talit, Ihw fir«t brought into 
Ibr Eogliih cciltmitfl, while in [lir bat yeiir 
of liis Boirroorsbip a thoiuaiiil new emi- 
gnuU Injin Eiiffland LmJ arrlvvd. 

Tbe colimislH iu u letli-rto thu yr'ivj COUQ- 
«-il poinmitUM) lo racord a (jlonioa; auJogy of 
Y'nanlley'« virtiii'ii. Hy bis will, m»d«i on 
12 tXct. Ifliff, Y«ordlpy left hi» jplnlc, linpn, 
■nd bouvaliold slntt' to hit wifu, Tiim[joi'iinc« 
(bom WmI), nnd ordered bin nutca, dc.-bl>, 
•(vrviLnl«,a]id 'negkra' to iiv nolJ, luid tbf 
moneyt CkerBtruui l'.> hv dividMliiiM tbri» 
P»Tta~ one for bi4 widuw, oti« f-.>r hi> elder 
•on Ai^ll, and ib» ibird to ht dUideil be- 
tWL-cD bit dnii^hlpr KlixnbcTh nnd biii 
Toungor nm Krnnci*, who roitrrntrd nbout 
iQQO into wbat in now North ('orolina, 
wlien lie trad«l iritli and (.'rangi'liwid the 
aativM^ An oLitboratu luble- of V'.'ardley'a 
dmcendaBt*, drawn up by T. T. L'Mhur, waa 
r«priDi<d frooi the * Aii>-.<ricaD llMtorioal 
MB|[uin«' in October ISWS. 

[Xtw Enclimd Hiat. and OsncnI. Itn^ct. 
Jannuy IH&4: Bronn'ii Gonuia of L'liitid 
tjtalmi Nwir* VIrxiiiM C»n>l»nim, Allutnj. 
IkSO, pp. 47 M].: t^lith'i Hist, uf Virginia, 
17*r, pmira : Smith'n Gorcrnor* of Virginin, 
Wnnliinitliin, IftH.t, Nd*. xv. xviil, u. ; Dnkna 
Hakinit ot Virginia, p. A3; l>u}U<'i> Ami-ri>.'na 
Cuk-nixd. Virciiiin; Aaiipni-u'f Hitt. 'if (he 
Coloiiial Church ; Uottfn'i Liali bt Kmigtuatt 
toAmonra: Cnl. S<at* Pn[»r», C<ilu[iin1. Amur 
wid W. Indivi.. im-ieeo, and A4JpTida. 
panim.] J. A. D. 

YEARDLEY,JOHN(17Se-1868),quftknr 

miBiioiiary.sonof Jot-laiid Fruntiu Vcatdlvy, 

small dairy faruicis al Orj^n-uve, ni^ar Itolbur- 

tum, Yorlaliire, was liurii tlien? on :{ Jan. 

1786. John wag ai.liiiitte<l a iueiub<.'r of the 

tanntjin hMtwvntielb ypflr,<iMt>'rQilanianii- | 

^■tayiB Baraal<;j, nnd niarrind, in 1809, ' 

^Btubrth Dunn, a coiiTincod Friend much , 

kid seniur. Uc commenced prenchictC "^ \ 

iHlG, inuvLiijt fr.im pUue to p1a<.'e iu ibu 

nortWu couutii;^. I 




In IKtt VeArdl*v'i wife dtnd, and, l«d bv 
a puniMluiiC 'tall,' bu decided to untie at 
I'Trmonl in Oi'rmitiiv, wbcn.- a small body 
of Friifad* vxiated. Fur bis lubutti^ncc b« 
nmui^d ti> roprMsnt auiue lUHrcliuiilB nho 
imporlnd linan yam, nnd lav^r on he i'om> 
mcuL-cd blenching on hi# oirn account. Ilis 
jibilanrhrujiic Inboun included the Mlablisb- 
ing of Hc'boiili und uinetiiiRi for thr rouog, 
and many notabk- penMios, including tho 

Crinri> and priuceM of Pruj»ia< c-ume to hr-ur 
imprvach. In l''^4h(>aci;oiiipanJedMuithn 
SttTorj*, ail Kngl!«b f|iia([i»reM, on a guipcl 
journey up tl»' llhinn from Klburfeld to 
tViirlcmbcfp, Tiibinjp'n, nnd nlhiT (i«nuaii 
lomiB, tliruuttb Switxirrknd In Coiiftonite in 
Centra! Frarici", wbt-re souw Friends wem 
nnd ttill aev settled. Tbey viaitrd i'«*tor 
Fliwlner at Kaigvranorth, aud all ibe priu- 
cipnl rrli^nus and pliilautfaropic ioetiiutions 
on their rourc. 

I'pon renchinit Knglnnd thry wnni niM- 
ried ut Urncpcburcb Stropt roeetiny on 
|.t Dec, l^.'lt.resuminfi'BODtiBlW Ibcir mi»- 
iiinnary Inbount in I'yrmuni, Fntutand, and 
iJirilx«flnn(l, and visiting asyluinit, reforton* 
lon», and .Moravian )i(d]ool>«. 

During n nbort t.imo annnt in Knaland 
both Vrnrdlny und hia wilo oppliud llicm- 
suItib Io the >tud^- of tnodcni lirrek in p_m- 
paratiou for a vi»it Io the isles, for which 
llicy 'larled on 21 June 1&33, Tbey worn 
wnrmly received bv du Frewenuft in Puris, 
nnd by l'rof*iwor» bbrtuanu and Cuvier.tbB 
ual.uralitt, at Stnifiburc. In Corfu they 
eslnbliaiiRd a Kirli' tchocd, nlw> a model farm, 
obluiuint; from tho autliorilim tbcrc n ^ant 
of laud upon which priionunin'vru permit led 
to supply the labour. 

Afl-jf i^igbt yHuni nt liome, speul In Ktuily- 
inglangiiH);e«,lhe Veardleyain \S4'2 ruturueil 
for lh<r foiirib time Io Franco and Gumiaiij. 
In ISfiO, dnrins a slay in Itrrlin, they bccaino 
acquainted withNenndnrlhnhialorian. Mn. 
Vvordley died on S May ISfil, but ber hoa- 
baud coutiuiied bis travels Io Norway in 
}><!ii!, and to South Kusaia ttJtd C04it>t«nti- 
nople in 18&3. 

In bis g^vt'oiy-iecood year lie ootnni^nced 
to atudy Turkieb, and titarled for tbu Ka«r. 
on 1& Junn 1K5S. After «orio work in 
Constantinople, and n-liile waiting for hia 
equipments und tenta to procond to ibu 
iDleriorof .\sia Minor, Vcarcllry nan smitten 
with paralysis at Lmik, and nas compellad 
to return Io F.HL'laud, where be died on 
11 Ang. 1^S!<, 111" «a» buried at Stoko 
Newinglon on tho 18tb. 

As a prenchti' YeardlBj's rnc-y humour, 
nilb ocL'ruional lapies into bia broud ualiTO 
Bamsley dialect, added to hi* uncouipro- 



^ 



Yearsley 3 

■ttiiiig diractBeoiidid him pooil MTvice. Aa 
ft Unguiat hU Mlueraneau in pnftdusjT 
vitbout tRt«t|ir«Un wm« r»naikabl«, Mn- 
•iikting lliU liM catIj' eduntioB included no 
Lkttn. 

I]« natd iMct« largviv ■« ■ rchidn tor 
•pTMdilif tlui (Oft. TbcM, writlen «od 
•OBOIimM bmiwUiiHl br hiinwlf, wnv 
founded upon incidcnu and dianct«n mM 
witbdurinKbutmrb. Tbe^ an oUlcfvad 
b; Smith. 

His MMod wife, Manli* Ye«Hlc7, bom 
OR 9 March 17)^1, wu dftughlsr or Josr^ h 
and Anna 9a\'otj, MtA bothDoloM and aftrr 
hor mania^ ww author of aeveral worki in 
v«m and proae, the ebier of vbich aiv : 
l.'In>iHtaUon/Londoii,1806,8vo. S.'Pwii- 
cal TitlM faunded oo Pai:i«.' Undon, I«08, 
ISmo; reiMDod with a ne<r tir1«, ■I'aihetic 
Taliw,' 181S. 3. ■I.ifn'*\'iciuilDd<>*,'Loodoil, 
IBOO, li\o. 4. ' A Wrt'otli of Korgat-DA- 
iKil,' [IBHB]. 0. 'Cnnrf^Mtioni butiraen a 
Oovenwa* and Upt I'miils,' bondoii, n.d. 
$. ' Queolious on tb« Oatyeia,' London, n.d. 
J.'I'«'licnlSkptohi«ofScMpla»CbaM«l«rs,' 
London. I84fl, ISino. K -True T«1m from 
Fon>i^I>anclii,'n.d. Hhn nl»o joined her bu>< 
band in writiiif^ ' A Briiif SiMnoir of Hnry 
Ann CnUmc, with immi.' atcount of tbn Innti* 
tulion at I.oc1l', Swilri^rluaJ,' London. I88r>, 
lUmu, Aiid ' EaHlvni CiiHloniH illustrativ« of 
8criptiirH,'Loii<lon, 1^'J. l^uo. Tbo maau- 
•cripldioryoftbnirflreekjoiirnfyisalDeTou- 
*l)im lIou*». ' 1*'itTnct> from tlin Lntt«r« of 
J. and M. Yrnrdlpy,' from the continnnt, 
wa« publUhnil nl Lindlicld, 1S35, Svo. 

(T)lor'» Mocnoir rniil Diiiry nt Y»ii[v!loy. 
ISaS: i<iT<iI?>'t> Cut. uf rriencla' Boolct. ii. 1,39, 
6fll>-Tl ; Riillil.w'n Journnl, i. STl-BO; Taili. 
moil)' of Il'ii'Ftivliirii Hipimo iiionthlj niiwline; 
Itril, IU<i>, Cut. ; ItcK'ili'n suit Muiiunripts ut 
Uvronahirs Ilouu ; Biogr. Cut, of Portmita, 
pp. 7tl. 7*7.] C. P. S. 

YEARSLEY, Miw. ANX flTM-lSOO). 
vnmp-wnlpf, kiinwn in ' Lnrtilln' or as tb« 
' HriHtol tollhwrininn,' win born nt lirintal in 
17WI of lowly [mrrnlii. Hi-r imitliM »oIil 
milk fniiii dunr lo tluor. Ann. who followed 
Um iiiotlii^r'i culling, bud no i^iianlion. A 
brotWr t.uucbi liLT to wriit^, and »1itf hnd a 
lanio ("T r««dirifr. She loorfi'.'il young an 
illil«rnti> mmi nninpil Ypnr«lp> , and iu s«veD 
vmm bon> him i-'tx rhildnm. Thfi fnmilT 
iii\l into iiorcrty and diarrru, nnd Ilnnnnli 
Mori-'* cook broiiffht tlio poor mi Ik worn nn 
and luir poHiic rnduaroiirii 1o ihu notipr of 
h«r inialnixt, wbu f^nvi! the poelfu a tT^nm- 
mar,4«|)vUine-booK,andadiciioniin-. Mn. 
Mom lavitad nor pocma, and wrote (ahc cnl- 
oiiUt«d)oTcralhoiiundpagMintntn*cribLiig 
wrnuting tlitm and in woking lub- 



Vearsley 





(criben. Tb<^ bouk wu puUidcd br*nb^ 
fcriptioa in l7rM<rf. RoBRBTg. Xtmi in jT 
Bat mai iforr, i. Sfll n m^.> IWm 
Bom than a llioiuand »iihmTTib«*«, 
them the meet illattrioiu prT>oiu of t^d«*. 
Or«r OOOJl was rralivd, and llauah User 
iiiT«et«(! the BtoDey in Ibe raadi^ whb kf 
mit and Hn. Mantua, who calhd Ms. 
Yeanlejr 'onnofnala pp^ mi raci ».' a> triulecfc 
Tha dfM of tnut escliid^l .Mrv Yeanlif 
fron «Mit(«il of th« mcoMiy. ThiA ammgt- 
mrnl did not »at iifv Iho M«l«i«, anil a btaadl 
with Hanwah More followed. IW foonk 
editica of the ' Poeina on Ser*ra| Occauoiu.' 
puUiahed to 1786 at Sin. Yr^rtimf* riji, 
contains bv way of pn>&c« a let»r fien 
Hannah Jilom to Mn. Moalwxi, einagCM 
Tnrriom of tb<- diipute and Mn. \rvArft 
■tatemenl of bcr case atrninut naooah Hoet- 
The next year (17S7) wu puhUahtd a a** 
TolunH, enlJtled ' Poem* on Vafioo* Sah> 
iecla, and Other Piece(i,'to which Mr*. \mn- 
ley pradxed a fiiithar narrat iiv of Mis. Mon't 
troatmrat of bar. 

Denrived of ilannah Moi*'s patitmap, 
Mr«. Vearaley'a proapecU aanli. She Mart<d 
a eirculating librarr at tho Coloonad^ Hot 
W«liB,Briiitol. On'2Xov. t78e«ttwedTbT 
her iu 6t« acta and in verac, rntitlM ' ud 
Goodwin,' was p«rforme<J at liath.and vaia 
on 9 Not. at Biiitol (cf. Gtnt. Mof. li&, n. 
lOlA). It in an biitorical tr«g«dy, wiibeut 
any lorn int«!Ritt, and contains m boif.* 
rood comic fang. It was publuhed in KUl. 
In 179G she iMui^d in four volnin««anli>tte- 
rical novel, 'ThtilCoyal CaplircmaFtag M tt 
of Secret tlisloir,' purporting to be coptal 
from nn old mnnntcript. The atory t« band 
on that nf thn * Man in tbtr Iron Ha«k,* 
whom Mm. Yntrttr^- itifniiticd with tk* 
twin- brother of Louis XIV, 

Mra. Yeawler's Im-.-r yoins ww« fpvt in 
retirement at Nlelkebam, Wiltifaire, whm 
ahe died on 8 May 1806. 

nerpoemsnr^niQchintliestvloof themiiuar 
poBf* of Ilsylny'* (itJiooI, ati J arc orcrUdra 
with ftmincd inuigory. lloraM Walpal« 
noted hiTpi'rrL-rt<«raiid taitte(cr. Z<f(nM,fd. ^ 
CiinmitKbun<,viii.<'i23|;Mta*SowaT'lbrackn(^ 
her with Hum* bb a mimein (ef. Ifttrn. 
i. SOJ.ii. 301); Soittliey allowed her nmt 
feeling and capability, but uddrd, * though 
gifted with TOicis ab<> had no strain ot Mr 
own whnraby lo be remombered, bat «beww 
nn morking-bird.' CVitil*. the Bristol pnb* 
linlier, who know her well, declared htr 10 be 
* a very cxtrBordiniiry individual. V*t. 
natural abilities were eminrni, nnitpd with 
wlijcli she pOMMM^ an uniinially tnaai 
mnsculiiw iwdentandiDf, and nlK^lber 
evinced, evea in her count enonc<-, the w 




Yearsley 



3" 



Yeates 



(<c|iiiroc>l mirk* of geoias' (ef. RbdDIE, 
Literary atut Sricnlifie AitrcdolM, pp. 17 C-Q 7 
Gtnt. Slaf. Uv. it. >*^). A letter ivrilTen 
by her to ■ dBrgymai'i 29 Oct. 17T7, aluiut. 
h*r poems i*. in linndwriling »nil stvlo of 
COmpMition. ihnt nf n pnrcnn of nrdinarjr 
MluuUnn {ct. AddU. SIS. I>^L>01, f. l»ll, 

Ann Ycar»li'y'» poftmil wim iminit"! by 
Sanlt Sklelln, nnd n fimr int'Ezutiiiteugraviiif; 
of the myturo, unbilled lU Miiy 1T87, i« 
in Urn British Museum [iriut-room. Thn 
poetwe ia there Tvpre«entM a« n good-lonk- 
in; boxom woman. Tbore Al«n oxifits nn 
•ngrand portKit by Ijiwry, in which the 
COtinlMmnc* it of a mnra iitielllKont typv- 

Olbcr works by Mr», Vunrili-y ure: 1. 
' I'oem on the Inhunuinity of tlii- SUve 
Trode." 17W<. 2. 'Btaniad of Woe,' I7W, 
a. • ReBs^lions on the Pi'ttth nf l,oiii»XVI,' 
1793, 4. ■ An Ele^v on Mari'^Antoinntti!.' 
17fl(S(?l. ft. ' The lliiriil Lyrr, n Volume of 
PwnM.; 1796. 

IIm c]d»t (on, Willinm Orumartie Year*- 
IcT, WM apprenticed to an engraver, and en- 
grsTtd aome of th« plaiea illustroiuig his 
taotW's book*, lie died prom at ii rely. 

(Alliboui-'B Itirt. of Kiij;!. Lir, ; AtUfnt'ln in 
Torw by John Joaps. with iutniduetory nuaToii 
iho Ijvm and Work* at out linrdiuuit«l poeU, 
bjr Kobvrt SoDihay, pi, 136.^4 ; Biik*r'* Aiotir. 
TTniMiiini L iSi, ii. 183; llrT<lKr"'(i Cviinarii 
Lit. ISa9, iii. 112; OfdI. Mng. IS06. i. tU.\ 

E. L. 

YEARSLEY, JAM 1-:S ( 1806 ISWJt, aural 
BUfgi.'Ufi. waa born in ISOG of a uorth- 
ttHinlry family B(^t ltd inChcUerilium. Adopt- 
ing ft medical cartM^r, he became a pupil of 
Balpb Fletcher of Gloucester, n surgeon of 
COD*id«n>blo emioenco in bia profcuion, and 
of fODW noto aa a rnllortor nf pictures. 
Tlwnee Ynai^li^ pmcnpdrd lo lymdon, whero 
hic cnttTcd him«fjrn»tiidfni nlHt.BM.rtholo- 
menr'i Uospilnl. He was iidmilled & mem- 
ber ol the Itoyal CoIIl-ki- of Surgeons of 
Bugland and n liceriliutt! of the Society of 
Apothecaries in IW7; later in lifp hpaddrd 
to th«M> qnalilicntirin* thfl licnntinlniJiip of 
this KoTal Collcpi of ITivsirinm, Kdinhurgh 
nS60)^«nd hi- Rmdunted M.l). at St. Au- 
dn*wii t'nivirrsity in IMi'. AftiT practtjiing 
for a short time in Chelleoliam, he i;stu- 
tilisli4<l hiiDwIf about 1^20 04 a general 
ptaclitioner at Itn«t in Herefordihiri'. tin 
Nmovrd to 1/>ndon about 1^^7, and ri>m> 
■HMiccd to prnrliii- an an aural aur{[i>'>n. 
He opcood nn Inititiition for thr ri-lirf of 
dinMlifa of the car iu Suckvillc Sircet, 
Ptcoadilly, and in \i*AG he- b-.-cami? surj{t>ou 
to tlip Ruyal Socii-ty of MuBioiann. 

Ilt^ WM the originator and proiirietor of 
the 'Medical Circular' from iK'i^ until it 



wsa conaalidat^d iriih Ibe ' T>ub)in Mrdical 
]*re«a' in January IWW. Jointly ivith two 
other mem ben of his proft^iKiun Cl>r. Tyl 
Smith and Dr. Forbea Benignua Wioalo 
[q. V.I) be founded that most uaeful irror_^ 
llio * Mndical Diivctory,' becoulnc its uJaj 
proprintor Upon tho nrt.ir*ment of bj* twg" 
pnrtnera, 

Yennlcy dind nt hishouiR in Savile Itow, ' 
Luiidun. on !} July 1800, and wn.i hurii^d at 
Sulton Bonuini;toli,in Nutlinshamnhir?. H« 
inflrried the daushleruf lialph Flelcher,bia 
old master, and by her hod in^ui^. 

Yeardey deMrres recognition a» on« wbo 
BMlatod in bringiOK aiirnl lurgpry out nf 
tho degradod position It hrld nt iho be- 
(tinning uf the present century. lie in- 
silted strongly upon ihu connection between 
deafness and diaeasa of the uano-pharyn.v. 
At drat he practised freely the remoTal 
of the tonsil" as nn aid to r<"c<3very from 
drafnru, but in latfr tifp i>xpi>riiii>ro Inl 
him lo modify his vitiws, and hn jicrforTni-d 
lonsiiloltimy much lena often. Yearalcy 
learnt, too. ihe vnlue of an arlilicial tym- 

Sunum iu the relief of c«r1ain forms of 
eafii«s«, and lie very Justly recommended 
ih» US4 of (he slmpleat form of film in 
prnforonco to the ini)re> complex tympana 
cmplnynd by aomo of bin oontiMiiparnFie*. 

Vcariley was leM Miontilic than either 
Ijeorgf I'ilchrr [q. v.] or Joseph Toynhee 
r<|. V.J, and, ihough original inhia liews and 
bold in ex)>resHing his opinions, he too of)«n 
apoili his cause by his contrOToraiat tsoBpara- 
meni. 

Ycnmloy's work* worn : I. ' (mproved 
Method* of treating DiMsaci of tha Knr,* 
London, 1840, Vimo. 'J. 'Conlribuliona 
lo Aural Surgery,' London, IMl, ISmo. 
li. 'Stiunmering,'j;c.,Loudon,l84I,9TO: 3n) 
edit. 18-11. 4. 'A Treatise on Knlnrff^d 
Tonsds,' London, ]«4i'.8coi 3rd edit. IKtS. 
ft. • On Throat Deafnem,' London, 1853, Fvo ; 
2nd edit. 1868. 6. ' Draifnem practically 
illuitmled,' I.ondon, ISfil, U'roo. 

[dliipkti'a Aotoiiiogmphicnl Rteollodionii of 
ihr Mixtii'Hl IViifrAiixin, t.umlo)!, IS'-l, p|>. S7il- 
377; ■ciditioual infurmatiuu k>H>tly it>'<'" by 
J. F. Yrnntoy. c(q..of' Brockenburit. U'licptliin, 
ntjd tiy ttiii Ker. Itidph Yeanloy, M.iV., r<clot 
of Surioii lloaainiitoD, Noll*,) D'A. P. 

YEATES, THOM-VS (lTiW-1880),orien- 
taliat, vu-t the urn of John Yoatea, « inrner, 
of Snow Hill. Loudon, wher»r hn was Itotn 
on S> OcL 17fit<. He was at first npprcnticnl 
to his fothnr, hut, "bowing nil taate for the 
traile, ws" nllowcd to nurauc hiiatudieain 
Ijitin and Hebrew. At. the age of four- 
teen ho app*»r* to have been employed as 



k 



Yeates 



3" 



Yeats 



N 



nctiKanr to Ae 'Societj tor paTwaMingCm- 
rtilutionsl Infiirmtioa,* a radical aiMicia- 
tion vkidi Annibervd (%r) Wiilitm JoDta 
(1746-1794) [q. T.J among ils m^inbrt*. 
Mt Iw can b»v« held lliis i>o«t ua\j ■ tbon 
titM, In cnDMiqiMix* of • fUn irbicb W 
had fbrmwl of ivnilFTinii tbnNeirT*i>taBiMit 
iato biblical l(pbr*», hf ^ into torn* 
Bwalatian vritli Jow-ph White [q. v.", who, 
•boftlj afl^ir hi* appuialtnent la tbo pro- 
fMWWhip of H-brvw at Oifonl, got YratM 
• bibi* clorkihip at All Soub', wlmcs b* 
outrieuloutd iHi T2 JJar IMht, batHvcrgr»- 
diuiiil. ThoutA be LaMuivd fornaay fa*ni 
at tliii tnuisUiUin, and rcccivad cneouraff^ 
niPDl rram the oontiotuil m well an in Knf^ 
land, lb« mil)- p'>nion of it evi-r pabliibi-d 
was a apeciiiMii wbieli apuearwl in tbn third 
anniinl ittpavt of tha Lonilon Jews' Society. 
t'tata abntjt IMM to 18IIS Y>nt«« wa« ecn- 
nlofod by ClaudiuN Iturhnaan ~i|, v.] tncatB> 
mgae and di->i-ribi.> thn orii-ntal maniucnpla 
brouflit b/ liLin friin India; and for roach 
ct ibi* pariixl ht^ litrd in Cimbrtdjrr. wbrre 
the UnivorMty Vmu ftMubeA (1812) hU 
'ColUtipn of an [ndi« Ciipy of tlw FHila- 
l«uch ; ' tha copicn of thi» work wew frr*- 
MRlod bv the prcM to WaKa. lie al»o, 
thrauffh )lr.c!hiinan. obtnini.-d anme vmplnj- 
meDtfroin the Bible Sodi-iv, and ■iip«rio- 
tended their udilionH ot thv .Klhiopii: I'lullvr 
and the Sjmac New T'.'HBiu«ut, After 
ilacbanau'a d'Ath hn n-im lintped bj Thomaa 
nuf|J««(l715H-183:) ^i|. v-j, bi»hop of Si. 
Davtd'c, who pfoouivd fir him t.ho aoctv- 
tarnliip of the Itoyal Sucioty of Litrrntuin, 
And ill l^l^U Ihi! pu«t uf uuinlnnt in th« 

trillt«d book di'pArlinr<[it of ihv Itritish 
luMum, which ht- rr-tai'it^d Till lii^ di-alh. 
In 1@1^ hi) jiiiblished n wnrk call«id 'Indian 
Cbureli IIiKt-nrVi' compiUd rhintir fVom 
A«emniii and i\>r roporti of liur.hnnnn niid 
Kerr, and i^untoininK an uiicount uf th« 
Chrialiiin chiirchL'siiithu ICtuI, with un ultra- 
COiiMrvHtivv hiBlorv of lliL>ir on^in. Thtf 
■ame voar Ui' prcHfiictvl a ' Varintiou Chart 
ofBUthn Nnvigabin Uoii^n* iind 8^iu botwei^a 
lalitudo 60 di'^tvi-n N. nnd S. fnini Dwii- 
mtintj, and didincnti-d on a i><.'w plnii ; ' nnd 
in 1«!0 II vury I'liulty Hyriat- (rnimmnr, tlic 
first T.hnt t<vur )Lppi?un.-d in liln^Ush. Ha 
waa alao employed uy the publishers of Cali!b 
Ashworth'a ' Ilebri'w Oraininar' to ryvise 
thfl third and «ub«eqiient nditioDfi. la 18.% 
hn pobli'liod ' lEnRiarkion tWnibl«Chrono- 
loKTi bning rtn Uany lownrd* ri^conciliiig 
Ihti lama with liii- Hndoriui of the Knutorn 
Nation*:' in 1833 'A OiMtrtoLJon on thn 
Antiquity of the PyrBtuidai' and in 18.')5 
' Itemarka on the HiNlory of Ancii-iil Egypt.' 
Ilii work wa« for tba most pnrt rvtrc^ade 



and anliqn>l>id,a«d Jii iiiiiiimfi illiiil I 
Utile att«atiatt. ICt aatn^Minl a«Uii»- 
IKIB* iiTolrad kin ia twanriil difafcia^ 
w hick the liutuT r nd balMd kca IB ■«. 
a« died on 7 Oct. 1S38L 



M8-W: Z«fd 



,.iT 





lOaM. JUg. IU9. i.. 
■Kinth ■ LiW ol tW W. J 
1818. p. iH.] 

TSAT8,GKANT DAVID <irr*-l*»i), 
■Mdical writar, boni in t-lurida ia 1773,«u 
iho aon of Da«id V««i8, a pfayaidH ot Em 
Irlorida. lie BatnculAtvd from fiefffad 
UoUcfr, Oxford, on :!1 Jan. 1790. fndotw 
B-A.0BISOM. 1793. M,A.on2.'/Mayl7B^ 
M.B. on 1 May 17^7. Ue wu inooipatiMd 
M.D. at DuUin is 18117, »itJ yrml ■».»-< MP 

from Trinity OiUegv.Oifotd.oaTJa 
Ila tfmt two winicr Maaioiu in ~ ~ 
and on* in London, and iban i 
pMciiae at Bcdfbnl. wb«i« bs awiMcd in I 
eslaliUalunnit of tbc Bedfbrd gmiMil 
ftranarjr, mA at a laiei period of tba Inatic 
aayluta naar the town, lie wa* i 
ptifMnaaiOMchoflliMeinjslitniioaLa, 
at hrdford ha acquind the frie 
|SaBiui-lWbitbraidfq.v.]aadof Joluil 
I (Utti duke of Bedtocd^a* mder P 
' LoitD Joiix, fint GiBL RcsacLi.]. 

Yeata'a mott iuiportant work, 'Qbaam- 
tioiu on the Claiiua of the Moduna xa loiiu 
IKRcOTcriea in Cbeniitr^ and I*hy«iolo(y' 
(I.Andon, iva), van puhtikbed in 1798, afttr 
lui had Mttlcd at Itedfovd. In it he calM 
att«ntiontotlicexprTitiMinl«of Jobn . 
Jq. r,\ whole merits Thocaaa BcddoM 
tiad dWuvi-rvd two yuan before. U! 
of Ua^w'e adtnireni, Yeala applauded ' 
loo little di»crtmi nation, bat be aui*te 
ID rwcn* bin nchicTani*ni* from ubliiioo. 
On the Dukn of Bodfiird'a uoraiBalion I 
tbo lord -lieutenancy of Irdaod Y'(*ta 
cotnpanicd liim (o Uublin in March ItWi 
his prirste phyHicitin. While a: Dublin he 
waainMrumeutal in ealablidbinKtbe Dublin 
EIuiuaneSocieTy, and was made amembaof 
'IVinity CoUnKa. Oa tlia dolie'a return M 
l''ni;liind in If^ hn mmnod hja poailioa at 
lli-dford. Aliout I61t be mmoved lo huo- 
don, wluTe he waa ndinitted n candldata of 
iht* Colleffi! of I'liysiciaiu on 30 Sept. I^U. 
(ind a fitllow uu 30 Seut. 1815. tlo tnt 
GittM-oaiari li^ctiiivr in 1817. centor ia 1818, 
nnd Cfooninn Icctiinir ia iKpT. He wal^ 
fli^ctad n follow uf thn Itojal Society n^| 
1 July 1A19, and dii^d at Tunbridgv W«im 
on 14 Not. IttSO. Ucmarrinda daughtarof 
I'atrich C'olquliouu [a. v.] 

Yeatuwos the autuot of: l.'AnAddras 
on the Nutiiru and EfBcacy of tha Cowpu 
in pruvvntlng the Smallpox,' Loadoa, 1W3> 





t 



Yeldard 



3<3 



Yelloly 



8to. '2. ' A Statrmcnt of llii- Enily Svinploms 
wbidi Ivod to WnliT uii ihe Itraiii, Loudon, 
1816, Sto; 2ud rJil.. L'tiidoii, 18^:1, 8v[>. 
3. 'A Bioemiikiciil Slwloh of rli.'l.ifn nnd 
Writing* of Pntriek Colquhmiii,' Ijondon, 
ISl$,i4vo. Uf also iiubliKhoilmiiitTpar'rsiu 
* Annnltof MnUicinui'thn' M«iirn! unci I'tiy- 
■icalJoumnVuidin 'MfdicnlTfaiiiiiclious," 

[Munli's Coll. .if i'tiy: ill. 137-8; F«.ut'. 
Alnmni Oion. 17ld-lBSG; Tbo I'miDiroixif tl>ii 
An^ 1824 : GoDl. M*^. I83«. ji. Geo ; Blogt. 
IHrt.<rfH»iuBAQthHr».lSI<l.) "^ ' " 



E. I. C. 



TELDARD. ARTHUIE (rf. IW9). prn- 
•idiriit of Trinity CoIkp>, OiforJ, wb» bum 
Ul]ouiiIitt>n-^^lruClu.-rinTyDi.-dalf,Nu[tIiiiiii- 
borlonu. ^V'a.^loIl'll iiliit<^iiieiila(»ij[ii><)rl4^d hf 
tlii^ uaual rHfiM*u'M.'e to chose ' MSS F-Wisp," 
wliictiar>< iioi now.Heverth^y werff.innsin- 
t«DC«)tlinI liB win rntiirnti'd in I.li«' cloiitrr at 
Durhiim, niid n-oK nftcrnardi a ' taasU-r or 
•MWtant'at tUe Juiiis OoIK-kp, Itotliurhum. 
&re not piobubk'^siiici.' Vvldard mutrjciilulcd 
not at Diirliam L'utW>?, [Jifi<n). Iml al Caiu- 
bridtfp, aa n eixur 'ifClun' EIiill, iii I A 14. lie 
gnduaU^dB-A. in 1.^47-8 and M.A. in 1■^■VJ, 
kuit oociiT* M a fellnv of I'ombroki! Hull, 
11^1-4, oriiiit; ii» junior iiviuiin'r in LVil 

(Whks, M.S. Wit. of Ike Felliivs, ■.■draclrd 
by Ihn Itcv. Ur. Sfark-, muiltT). It nppwiri 
from liU dedicnliuu to Cjiircu Miiry i)f a 
Idtin vi-nioii of ' Dv>(;uiii^nta'j"ii?iinm«dino- 
□itoria Apipvti I'inco'ii" [ll-f/al MS. 7 I), 
iv.) ttiai bo WAN nt Dilliiig in I'lnndr^i in 
I>M«nibar ISCdtBctiagn* lulor tollvurynud 
Anthony, tbo inin* of Sir Anthony l)nnny 
[n. v.], who mntripulated ul Cmnbridgp on 
3i Nov. Iiiul*. Hl' niso BtatM ibat Liu Iind 
r«*iveJ an uxkibitiou frooi M-iry wIihii 
prin(y:-t8 Ibroii^li L*r conf(*wr, Franci» JUoU 
WU, «U«n of Lincoln. 

Oa 30 Slay IS'.a Y^ldnrd ■nun m!mitttd 
MM of thi! oriKinnl ftilowi of Triiiily Col- . 
k«L Oxford, and vaa inoiMpurated Al.A. on I 
is Nov. Iln u-iaiiited uiv fouiiOcr, Sir 
Tliuinaa Poyc {l't07 'r-U>r,i)) [o. v,J, and rim | 
6wl jirwidenl, Tliomiw Siylfiiir»l, in tin- 
omposilion of tbo Lnliii utalutm, iic:Iik1 m 
pliiliwaiihy iMtiimr, and ii frcqiit'ntl^ mvn- 
tiODnl in thfi foiindi-r's li-tti^rs, i>«rtitulnrly , 
ft* tutor to hii iiupaon. Jubn liniifijni. Oii . 
23 Sept. 1559. nfter tbp deprivation of lillyl- 
hurat, tiu ivaa Belefted bv iIih fouiidn'at to , 
be prvHidunt, gruduafd ILD, in 1AtS3 and 
D.I>. in LVlfl, WRH innlitnli-d Intlic annoicd j 
rectory of Oarniiigton on S Sitpt. ISM, nnd 
^M> Wd tha coU'-gii living of tirfui \VbU- 
ham, Bucx, in 157:1-4. He wha nuinmutL-d j 
vicD-cliancL'ilor by Lelfcstj^r in July IWO, 
boldinffoffii'vforayvar: andbisQAmeoccurH 
on vuioiu luiirersity committeM, •ucli as 



iboae for ilie T«i;eplinn of Rlixabeth in lAtJS 
•nd ICm, tor n nonfi-nricn with Corrano In 
IflTf, fur thu mri^ptioin of Albert a I.niicn 
in 16S3, nnd for tbo reform of the itatutc* in 
1576. Hv died on 1 or -J Feb. ISWJ-O, and 
was burii<d iu tlie L'olli^f^ chapel, He U-fl 
lli« 'Cuuliiriic Ma^-di'lmru'oiOM ' 1o tbu li- 
brary, and Ibo real of hi* prop«riy lo hit 
wife Eleanor. 

Ai> proeidnnt of hi* colleKR Ynldard Mmitis 
lohnTaahatrn irnn-and tact, buiibanditiK the 
ruTcnucB, ri'tiniruiK and cxd-ndinn the old 
Durham CoU^i^ buildingi, and uvirrtiu^; any 
sicrioua dinaBlera at lbr> Elicubetban vUilu- 
tiona of IfitH) to 1.170. Wood [IliU. arui 
yli/tf.fid. Gill ell, ii. 1 42) iiiiotvH lbnrline*ofit 
' rnin IIWI ' plnyins on liii name, and aniMiii* 
ing him of li-avinir ICnfflund ' for deadly vice," 
and Ihcui mbraiiiiug 'with ijelding voicu;' 
but rivordii liint bin Runenur, llalpliKvtirll 
't\. v.], ' did always rf|nfl liiiu lo Liivu liiod 
a B''vi>n> and h:'!i(tiOii» iifi-.' 

Wiir:on nMi^K tn bim, betidM th« dd- 
publiihrd mnnimcrijit mentioned nboTf, n 
manuicript trandluiion inio Greek of Sir T. 
Morf'n ' Con«olatory l)ialugu« sgainitt Tri- 
bulation;' butuftbm, if it evvrtfvated, no 
lnu.'« rvuiaiiiit. Yeldard'a only printed work 
consist* of complimtiniarj' I*tin ver^s of no 
gT(MLl nii^iril : 1. Klnvfin nliviiic conplt-I* at 
ihn fnd of L. lliimphroy* "Vita .lut-lli.' 

2. Ei)(ht eoiipli'tii pr«lixrd to Jobu t'lum'a 
'^SpwulumMurBlium tjua^ilionuin.'ii-'.. and 

3. Tweutv hexamuti-ra in tbu * Fuuebria 
lluuriui L Dton,' vditeil In ViSXi by liohi^rl 
Writtht [ij.v.], (V-llow of Trinity, first warden 
of Vi odhnm. nnd aftRrwiLrd* bishop of Co- 
vnntry nnd Liclifirld. 

|TauBer'» Itibl. Brit. p. 78T ; Wnrluu'ii Sir T. 
Pope. pp. 38t.03, foUawail uncriiiQ.lly by 
(.'oDpcr'i.AihiiDKCunt. ii. 2fl7-H; Wood«Atli«ii» 
Omii, nd. 111l», I. 674.^; RlaltiitWn Tnnly 
C'lllfffB, p. 83; Wuod'ii Kilt, iind Aiit.iu. pawim; 
Rfgiaier* and Aetounu of Trinity CollDgcl 

11. a D. It. 

YELLOLY. JOliX (1774-lRi2), phy- 
■ininn, wni bom nt Alnwick, NortlinnibvT- 
lund. on .lO April 1774.andn-ajilhnyouii^t 
ntid «oIu riurvivor of wvph children. Ilia 
I'ntbur ditsl when hi« yminfml child wn« an 
infant, and Yflluly owed bis buiut? education 
to lits luol.ber, who was of thu family of 
Dnvison of Whillingbnm. Iln vra» sent to 
tb« srammaT icbool of Alliwiok, and ihcnCA 
to tho iinivi-rnitv of Kdinbnrpib, whom hn 
KmduBted M.U, IU 17S)0. lie «'tt!cJ in Lon- 
don in 14(X), and m IM)* bin.'uine phyMcinii 
to ibi.' Lonikm lloipitul, uti ulKcu wbich ho 
Pelaiufd till 1818. In 180.5, with Ali-xnudiT 
John l?a«pflrd Mnrcet, [q. t.], be w«s ono of 
the oii{[inatcin of thn Itoy^l Medical and 



YeI\-erton 



3'4 



Yelverton 



AtknwwMt&afimMcntUMofthvHeMtT. tc^sHoblc ibrlorical abiliii- and a bightj'' 

n* fetBrti^ af ikm EkiBT, a** tk h4t cDlln«tal minil, at « time whf n aloqweoH 

■oIlxlioM of filieal baob » I<»Job. '<rmi was a maw imaOTlaot <iualificalian Utm^ 

riwFjy 4«» loUa otrtid*^ B* wnt to mm ifcaa Icgsl l«*rniti^, YirUeriaii 

lit* St Uanov AUty, mat Norvick, ta Mi«iii»ilsh)(^paaiion tiihltpmr -'' 



"I 



181Sh4 btcMM j^jiikka tt ISaOteika 
Norfolk aad ^«rwKk ISMptaL IlcMina 

from ptaetk*. haag raluiT, is 1S33, aad 
tkn icaiiM at Hoodtoa Ball, mmt Xocw 
wicb. lis w*> tlu»v« on to lu( htmj trcaa 
• fluctOD i« April tS40,aiid beeaMsincov 
MmMM« tiat^n«d m tke riglii aide. Ob 
Stt Jul. 1^} iii« w*t feUawd I17 •■ tfo- 




iTM •apoiaUfl * Uti^a connsi-l In liTa 
* tiwAiT til th* Ki^s IntM the mim 1 

In Ii(4 Vdnrton IT** rrtuniMl to tbt ' 
Iiiilt psriiaiDnit far (far txirouitli of Donafi!, 
and in li'6 tor Ctrrickfcniu, wUcb lieiB> 
pmealed luiiil kia eleTabon to the b<scb. 
n» vu a nwmtwr of ibe Mrlior mlunld 
•aMciation*. uij, twaciatjne him^Jf uitl 



^ 



pl«<tic attack am) paraJftif of tit* IfA a^, ' tba pomilar putj, fa» jniB<3 GmiMi .. 
of iriiich Wd>«dat OiT««dt»bIIaD,NM(aIk, bit atlM^uM intbririli-iDanilforleraalali' 
on 31 Jan. ISIS. In ISOB bt mamcd tbc tadrp«Qilaw». In JuIt I'''^, ddruif tl 
daiiefat«r of SaanMl Tyaaen of Narbotoacb , ^rvmmrnt of t1i« I>ulce of Portland, bt 
tUU. Xortolk. Inr who« 1» Irft aaao. Ue v» appotDlf^ to 'aocMd Julnt Scott (aft(^' 
WM »lBct«d a fellaw of tte Ro^l Socieiir, ward* Ixinl Clonnell) 'q. v,^ «j attorne*- 
snd publbb^ tn tiM ' PUloMpluMl Tt«BMc- gcivTal, and is I>M«tnWr l7Nl, oo tlwAsub 
tioM'&r I89> * Raaatfa on ttte Trodrnc^ of Waltrr Hiuarv Burgh [q. t.^ bp aKMidcd 
to OikuloiM DinuM^' on* of tke nuoMiroa* the bench u ch!rf bwon nf t1>« cottt tl 
WOflw wktdi owe ttwir origin to tLf 6im excbrquer. Id 17SH Yclvrnnn took pirt 
IBMMb of rtOBcaatncfalfTOin the bladder *ilb Ureltanand tlit> Irish n-hi|r» in mppon* 
md j TW i ml in tlte Norwich BoapitmL B« in; tlw cUiea of Hm Irish parliaaumt to 

exCTOMU bdnMidaat right of noamutioit 
m vaiwanM to IM tvgnicv. In later ; 
bovciTpr, he aaanctatn) bimwilf, tikv duM i 
not all kia colkogtip* on tbi- Iri^h JiiiJiria 
brnch, w-ith the court party, and, ahuidiu 
lag his furni«r potiliol coouwoioBi^ 
iiltiBaldy Toiiul lor tli« union. In 1796 1 
vaa r«t(M to ih>- pt^ra^ na Baron Ai 
moriR, and in \fW wa> cnated a viaoonnl I 
tlwptvraKtt of Irvlaad and « baton of I 
United kincdotn. 

Although vny fvK *pi«iin«ns of 
doquence ranain^ few mcn.pn-n in thaii 



poUiiiwd a further work on the aaaie subject 
IS ISXt, and a panpbkc ' On AnanovneMa 
«onBr«t«d with ih« M*dicnl Relief of th« 
Sick Fooe' in \f^. He md hsforc the 
Bojal 3f edical and Cbirur^iral Sodetj aatcn 
paper*, of wbich tlv matt vntuahlv an two 
on a pnnlyaia due to tuBonr of the brain 
(7Vaa«M</in«f,i. l63),Biid on loaa of fwlicj; 
wilhoulaccoiapanyiiif lotaofpowef oflBU1't^- 
nwDt iHr. iiL 90). 

[Woriu; Haoioir hj Dr. Robot WillUms. 

YELVERTON. UAimY, fir.t VimwiTT 
AviixHORKfl?.^-!^^^).^^ the ddrat »n 
of frank YrlvpTton of Blackwater, ou. Cork, 
bjr Elinbcthidnugbtcrof Jonaa Barry. Ilv 
wa» bom in 1730, and reerired hia early 
educatiou at a achoul at Newmaricet, nenr 
his binhplace. In ITd-lbuenierwlstTiinily 
College, Dublin, nblaining a niiarahip and 
nfcsequently (IT-W) a «rbolnr»hip. lln gra- 
duat«d RA. in lT-'i7. Itcing in rerr poor 
(nfeiimatancM, YplTrrion maintained hituKlf 
for som* rcan br tcaebing, and act<<d as 
nahtr in the Hibernian Acadenj in Novth 
Kinf Stroel, Dublin, under Andrew Buck, 
• jMttlioa of ienoniiDioiia dependeiu», 01 
wUck In taler ila^s he wasuDgcaeroualviv- 
auided brhia potilical Qj>pan<nit#, who lam- 
pOOIMd tlio ftiture ebief >tmn lu ' Iliick'i 
uahM'.* lBjnIyl701 hismarrioffi'nithMRr;, 
danglit«r of WilJiam Niigitnt of Clonloit, co. 
Westmaath, a lady of anni* fortuau, enabled 
Yelverton to atudv for tho Iriah bar, to 



of gTMl tfmkm, enjOTed a higher rrautatioa ^ 
for oloqnenoe tMn telv^noo. ikr Jonah ' 



Rarritifton [q.r.] aays of him that altbou^ 
inlorior in TMaoeing powpr to Flood, la 
•pigraiBBBalic biilliancy to (iniiiao, and in; 
pauios to Curran, in powtirful nBrvoKi' 
lauwm he eicdted them all. (iraiMa 
in the Buflisk Bouse of Commoiu paid tb« 
following remarksUe and glowing tribute 
to hi* power* a« a debater; ■ The penal ead* 
was dafauli>d bv the late Lord AToamoreti I 
beard bitn. flis tjinrfawaa the whide 
the subjtct, anil a ■.■oacatenalod and iMfiMd 
ntgusaeDt not to he rmiated. It was lb* 
natcfaof an elephant. Itwaaaaibewarf 
the Atlantic, a colamn of water ihr«e iheo- 
fond mile* dMfk n« htg»» with theouholie 
Ht hi« birtb ; M folhnrrd him to lii* graft 
Ho showed that in orerr prriod be v** 
hnrsjtaed by ibi.- law. The law atood at hi* 
cradle, il stood bL lu* bridal bad, nod it 
stood at his (MlEn.* 



I 

da 

n 

lieV 




Yelverton 



3'S 



Yelverton 



I 



Mtwn And cotncnou in nppi-nrnnc-c, with 
Buno'^rs dVToiil of dignity, und t^uriouilv 
akMnt-tniaiM, Yvilverrnii blviKli^d an t-n- 
gMing eimpliciiy wiiti brilliniicy of tliouclit 
UM exptmrnna vih'u-h mnile him tli« Gold- 
miith at the triih bnr. lie wni ihn pnlrnn 
nnd intimnii! friend of John Pliiipoi Curmn 
[q. v.], and llii-'ir kindred di-Hght in wicinl 
cuuvivialilv iBCi>inmomurali'd by nian,v nnpc* 
dolits. Y(-'li'«rtoii wad llie fuuudirr. in 1TT!>. 
of a convivinl tocioty c(i11<h1 'Tby Ordur of 
St. PiWick.'of uliiph Currnn, wli(> wmie its 
Gh«rt«r-«Mig:, ' Thi' Moak of Um Screw,' was 
irioT. I'otiiiciil diflorencot unomg it* mnin* 
Ts led to the diBnIullon of llic •ncirty in 
ITy-), but. acfordind tn acpppled tmdilion, 
itsLiiitin (trnci-s, ' Itcnt^dif^tun beiii^dii-al ' and 
*B("Updict* bptii'dicBttir,' wtite adopttMJ.iind 
arc flill uwJ, by thp Kinji's Inns at Dublin. 
Yf'lvortoti WM not. n jrrcnt judge, liiH 
tpmpcr«mnnl wu not jiidiirinl, nnd Iin wn* 
»pt li> tttki- first iinprc»sion» of a riiM> which 
WITH giMK-TiilIv dilBcult tn cnut. On the 
death of Lotd'CUn! in 1802 he wa* an itn- 
BUOOMsrul stfirant to thi^ Iriah imla. Hi- 
diodai hill TMiil«nc>!, Fori R<.'M,RAtIifaniliaiu, 
on lil Aii^. ISO.*!, llig portrait, by Hujjii 
Ilamiiton, <■ in thr dininK~hiill of the King'* 
Inn* at Dublin. Hr Ii^ Ihrva toa* and 
one duufthter. Hii doncmdiint, William 
Charlu* Vtlvi-rtOQ, fourth vitcount, i* arpft- 
latdy noticed. 

(Wfll.bV Con pv ml I II In ; Rj'sni B1ii(tr«phiB 
Hib»riii<a, ii. CJO; Willi's Illunltioil' IriiiimtO, 
V. 237 ; Bvriagton'* Hiunrin iiki-t^hu^, and 
PnMuml Sketeh«a; Cyt'tHnHfftin'* Iriiih Bar. 
,,pv. Sl-4!, lintl l.itn uf the Xurd ChanerllMa 
I'M IroIiKK). Tol. ii. pftHim: Loti Ailiboiarn«'« 
Pitt: Cnnans Lifr, by hin S^n, i. ilB-3I; 
PhUlifh CurrAii mid Km ('r>i]ti*nipnr4ri4«, pp. 
03-108: I)iili>iu»'* Itiitnry of thp Kinfi'i Inn*: 
Irish Politioil l.'hii««lrnt. ir'JO; Smytji'ii Iaw 
OlBcrimof IreUnd: Tiuld* UnuJiiHlmof Dublin 
Uslnnliy; 0. B, C{cikanwl'a Complalv Pocr- 
•«e.] C. L. P. 

k YELVERTON, Sre rinjISTni'IIKU 
1636?-lel'.').>!!ff>,b<ini nboiit loSS, ww 
wH MD of "ft illiam YelTerlon of Itouffhntn, 
iorr^lk, by hi» flr^t wife, Annr, daufihlur 
of Hit lli'iiry l-Vrmor of Kaftl Barthain, 
ta tho Mmi! Founty. Fli* f^lher, n'ho vm 
•nt'gretit-gTaitdaua of Willinm Y^livrton 
■. v.], wua rttider al Omy'ii Inn in lft35 »nd 
' '2, and divd on 1:; Aaf(. IT)S7 (Ivg. jio'l 
morttm, 90 Elix. vol. criix. No. HI ; Xaii*- 
davm MS. 144. f Utl). Hi» old^t aon, 
Ilwiry, WM fathnr of WiUintn Ytdvi-rton, 
CTcatpd a borotinl in 1)^30, which dienilvbe- 
oami! extinct on iho di-at.h <if Sir WUiinm, 
third hannu^, in liWi. 
Christopher ww, like bin fatlur, ediicfltod 



I 

J 

I 




for tho Ic|^l prafcaslon, entering Grav'a Inn 
in IM?. lie rfprcuenled Braclilev, Vorili- 
amntnnihire, tn llie parliamtoit ti 156'J-il, 
Buil about 1G80 wTOt« an opilogno to Ihn 
l>lank-i<>r«e trngi'dy ' Jociwu,' prrformcd at 
tiray'* Inn, nnd wrillon by Ll«org» Oae- 
coi({n(i 'q.T.j, then a rtudent of GraT** Inn 
(Wooo,".</A™» Oxon. i. 436). Yelrvrton 
alio took an octive purl in othev maaguee 
and (>nlerl&intDen1« organiacid bylhe nociatv, 
of which h»waa irMaurvT in 1670 and IStUi. 
Before ITiT^ ho wiu ajipointed meorder of 
NorihAmpton, for which ooroufib he wtu to- 
tiirnnl tn jinrliamtnt on 24 April of ttut 
yrnr ; durin,; ilsfirvtomtion hodistiugtiiKhed 
iiimnplf bv liiH defence of parliaiueiiiiirr pri- 
vilpgeB (i'arl. Hut. i. T4!". 7«3, 770; SUx- 
>iiMi, p. 2lSA). In ] 574, and npiin in ITt^, 
he was reader at (imy'i Inn, nnd in ISM'S ho 
was called tn llin tU-grvi: of the coif. In the 
parliament of 1591' -5 hi) rtprewuled Nortli- 
nmptonihire, and on I March waa on« of a 
commitiri? of the lluu«>> of Commons an- 
point«! 10 confer with the IIou»e of Lotdn 
Jew/. ILit/ifld .W*SL St. -231). In ir,S7 ho 
wua dgMO «)ect4)il to narlianicnt for North- 
aniplon«hir», thooffh t.lin return iiWt;and 
on 34 Oct. WM cTioacn apeoker. Manning 
print* n lon([ extract from tlie apeech V*l- 
vcrlon miuluon iLiaocuuioii, and the prayer 
which, according to cuetoni, he Dotnpo^ and 
read to iho 1)0UM «very tiii>ming is mid to 
hare been of niucliderotionnl beauty (Ko«). 
DurinL- the course of this pnrliainenl, which 
actually *at only tiro monthi, the onccii 
vetoed fortT-night diffctunl bills which had 
pn»Md bolli hon«y (Pnrf, i/iW. i. W»7. 906). 
In IRdS Yelverton wu pr<jmoied to he 
queen'* aetJMUt, and in ihi^ capacity lit> took 
a pvomLneiit part in th* indirtn>r<nt of Kuu-.x 
for treaion in J«a* 1600 (Collln*, I^tlrm 
and X*m. ti. ifS). 

On 2 Frb. lOOl -2 YcIrcttonwaH appoiuiud 
juniee of tlm k'lag't bench. James I re- 
newed hia patent and made him huigiil of 
the Bath on ^ July 1^103. lie )• Mid in 
most of the authoriti^a to bav« died in ItXI?, 
but ID tvaliiyhesiirrii-edtiUICia.dvinjt'of 
very ago ' on 30 Oct. (Owrt anJ Timet of 
JaiwA I, i. L'OL'; CJt/. State I'nperi, Uom. 
l«U-19,p. 151). He wnaburiedal Buton- 
Maudiiit, N'ortliamptonihire, where be had 
tetlled iu Elizabeth « reign. An aBonymoiiS 
portrait of Ye Iven on. painted in lUO^, wa* 
lent by the Marquis of llMting* to the flmt 
loan exhibition at Smith Ki-nrinpon in 188B 
(f<T(. No. .■»«). lIcmarrifdMnr^nrri.dnufth- 
lor of Thocniut (?fttfabv of Whiilon, North- 
amptonahire. and bod iatae two aonj and 
four daugliter*; the eld«jt «on, Henry, is 
«ieparately noticed. 



Yelvertoa 



316 



Yclvcrton 



A coflectioa of Ynlrcnon't ntMclie*, rcsd- 
ing*, *aS letinni formerly bcloDred lo bii 
ilncwndnnt, \"i«eouiit iJoupueTiJli' <Bbr- 
VtKU, Cal. MS.S. Aagiiir, |it. iii. No. u%JO). 
Tnro votuiniia of CDUvctiuim. laalnty on lc«»l 
and cODHiiiulioDBl Fubject*, itod r tniwcript ' 
of B lliinl sod fimilnr vnlumn tMilongcd to 
the Bsri of Aahbiimliam (//uf. MSS. f'omui. 
8lh ltr^ A)iT>. pp. 206, 33d ; cC Htme MS. 
431). 

(A eomj>l«» Uiitory of lli« WlrertoD Fnnilj. 
Mniii-iiiitrr, ISdl. Svn, runuini mcngr* dotiiib. 
More wIvuunlD aofuuulx w t-untainud in Foaa't 
IJVH of tha JuiI^n, anil 31iniiitii;*ii ^pmlcn uf 
Uis llouu nf Commoni. Siv aUi L'ul. Stau ' 
Piificn'. Horn.: Dnitdalu'ii Ont[>nM Juriil. aiid 
Chrooiw Sprirtt : OrBciitl Kdf- Alvnili. nf l^tl. ; 
D'Ewpi'b Joarn.ilB; Arl» of Iho I'riij Council ; ' 
Purl. lli«t. ; J'tulor'* Gray'* Inn lt*g. ; Vi»it«- I 
liuiiur NV.rl(.]k. ],tn3(IIiirl. ^>r-): tll'imnad I'* ' 
Notfoik ; Bnf!|;™'H Nivrlin'iniili mljiro ; lEnwtin- ' 
■on MS. C. 9Jri f. 13; Burke • Eiii or t linronw 
clr«-] A. F. P. 

YELVBRTON, Sin HENRY (1536- 

Itl^Jl.judKf, ills L-lij«it Mm of SirCIirliiu[ilii^r 
Yl-Ivi-tLdu [q. v.] ttud Iii9 wife. Muri^rFt 
Cdtf^bji waa burn oti £(■ iwtw IJVJU, it u Mid 
at EMton-Mauduit, bis faib<.-r'» houM in 
NorUiuDptouhirof DiLiiKiKi, Uin. •>/ North- 
amptonthirr, nd. Wlmllc;, ii. X&i). Anrard- 
inffto Woc)d(.^Mcn« Oron. i-d. liliis, i. iTS), 
lio wtw (?dui.-iiied fur it tinio oiucihk cbn 
Oxaiuituii.&ftali.-mi.-ul wliicL.eombmuu wilL 
the abai'iiuo othia iiuux? froiu cIie mntriciila- 
tiou li»t, makes ic almost C'^rtuiiitliulli^waH 
neviT actually n iiieiiib*r uf tlie university. 
Tbi> fiirtJiiT M.nt^rtm^nl. by ihRtinniqniilhnrity, 
Ibnt Yi^lvertnn -n-iui ' nflcrwuri* nnidiifirt llin 
iitudi:tit» of lirnv'a Inn, tienr London,' in 
probnbly triii!. Tbe only pvide;it« for ilit- 
ttdmimiiuii 10 Orav's Iiiii at tliis dak* is u 
L'upy by F>iuiuii S<-yvr uf tbi.> lust oriKiii'>l< 
now IcoowD Hg llHrl^inii MS, 11>|j, wburi), 
in fol. Kl, it i* alittcd tbnt Tbnmos artil 
Cbri*topbMY(ilvprt<iinviTrrBdmirtf^inl.'i70. 
Mr. I'Wlor, ill |.hii'(irny'« Inn Adniiuion 
HpRintiT,' uole* : ' No miry of bnviiiK paid 
odtnisoioit diica. (Javry if Bpeciully udmtttcd.' 
mid ii9aij;[i9 liic datv to '/^ Jan. IJ>7!I. i.e. 
lBr«->U. Tbl» looks as if l\w two Veli-tf^ 
Ions wurw sdiiiilled by fnvour, and, coudidor- 
in^Ibnt Henry '«yoiiii^ur bn.il li(>r vm* named 
Chrinto^biT, it is nol unlikely I but' Tbouiaa ' 
wan a miitaki.' of Sngnr's for lloiifj'. Henry 
Yfilvurloii'* nomi! 'ut entered in Scgnr's book 
nil beijominfi a barnsti^r ou 'Zh A^ril 1593, 
and nc ancient on '2't May of tbe name year. 
Ue was readvr in Lent term 4 Janiva I. i.e. 
ill lfior(l>i"ol>.iLi:, Ori;/, Jitriilinulft,y. 2SKi). 
lu ibi^ tltnl iiHrlisnit'nt of Janice I iVlvcr- 
toa ut for tUo borough uf Northamplon. 



ilicalQ^I 



Bis main dmiualilical ion for pulilical 
lay in lite rapidity irith which li« clisa, 
bMp«ir«MHnof opininti. llUiotecrsM.pvr- 
ht|M hia principlnk, Ird him to uplioUj 
ro^iro aortrraiDcnt. tlii tougb c 
Mftie led nim to adopt tbu popular oh^ 
(o ihc roTal procwdin)^ in dctaH, 
So Marcb'tUOl, when Uuodwin'a ewe 
befuTD the houae, bn atKaeil for allo^iil 
Qoodwin In uIm Vm f*at m th« tiwth oft 
anppnn ^rm by iImi hinji to fais rvjection I 
chBiw«ry. On S Anril, whon Jaibm 
iacned bi* ordirr*, Yelvprton ■vra» frigh 
and argued tbat tbe prince's (■omnaand ru 
like a thunderbolt Or the rooriiif; of alue 
(Contmnul Jmtmal*, i. 939, »I3^. Ia tbt 
Mwsioo of lfi06-7 h» waa a^iu in tTouU^ 
attnrkiii;; the Knr) of Dunbar, the kioc'i 
Sooliisb faT^iiritr, and freno rally criliviiuiv 
the bilU brouKtit in for cSlECtiDf; • |i*itlii 
union with Sootlond ; irbite ho fall vuAn 
Bacou'a Busuioiun as having bod a hand in 
a book published by iIm puritan lawter 
Nlt'liola* l-'iiller (SrKnDixn. I^llert atal tiff 
af Jlannt, \\. tW>. On tlw ollwr haul, bt 
doclinntl to aruuc against tlio kiR|;'» wishMJa 
the CMC of (lie p'uf-nali, and b^Tore iW 
«H«i«u of WIO he nought an intorriww 
Dunbar, and uttiinatuly waa admiitiHl by I 
kiuK to an audience, in wbicb be plaiuih 
enplaned away the wonlt that lud gir 
oflcnne {Arehtologia, xt. 27). The rcn 
wni sRcn in tho iincomproniiKiiig defeacarf 
the ulaim of the crown to levy itnpoMlii'Bf 
without aparlnmenlaryKnuit. On ^Joa* 
ItilO he ttaserled that tti-- Uvr of Korkad 
extended onW to low-irater mark, and ife 
king might iiwroforv ivMraiu ail pxidj O 
*ea from anproacking thn *hnrt>, and then- 
fore onlr alloiT tbeir belnft Inndixl ud faj- 
meut of a duty il'arl. IMata, IGIO. (.^w 
den Soo. 11. M). The aniwch prinli^d ait Y»l- 
lerlon'a in ' State Trials' (ii. 47») and rltfr 
wli^re was really delivered by WhitrJorkf, 
and Fons's argiunpnt{ii'iwn^M* Jiwtyn.ii. 
3!)l) that itproTna VolTart<iD*s indefiMidealfl 
i* thcffora of no vnluv. ^ 

In 1613 Itacun apoke of Yolvecle* M 
haviii); b«vn ' won ' to the side of th« cnnf 
(I^PEDnlXo, Zftten and £(/> of Datvm, ir. 
dcVi, 'J'O), and on :.'8 (V(. of tbe aaiii* jtar 
hesiiccoeded nscoti aa mlicitor-gvnvrml. B* 
waa kni^htfd on H Nor. (Ilari. JUS. ODBI). 
bavinir, it in aaid, aor.urvd th« good wordN 
tbe kiiiK* fftvaurite.Itoehaatw, shortly aAt<> 
wiirds cn'sted Enri of Somonait. In ISIt 
Yelverlon aguiu took hia neat a* niemUifa 
Nortbaiuplun in the Addled porlianwiil 
{PaJ'iti.Tie Xiiletmuk, iii. 132), wfasra b* f- 
]>ears to hnro abntalned front ipeaking M 
tha crncial quwtion of the impOMtiou. 0* 




Yelverton 



3'7 



Yelverton 



19 Jan. 1615 be look sn official part in tlie 
examinMion of Puiicliain nnilpr I ignore 
(Spkhiiixq, Iictirrt vnd IJ/r of Ilarim,r. M), 
na vdII iw lit a mibMSfuent Pinmination on 
10 M«rch(^»6. V. 1?"}. About thflMmciimu 
he iuinud in siguitiK U 0--rliriciilt' in fuvour 
of UtHClumwT^in tW conflict witli Colla oa 
tlw question ot pr»miinire{ii.v.SSS),tai, 
ID abort, i» found taking (tii^ ofliolal riew of 
tba Iwal pninti vhicb aniiiB during th<> ^ream 
in wlucb bn vriu «olicilor-gi-iii<Tnl. 1'hnt he 
tvfhMd to tnk« part nftaiiiil Scfmcimrrt at tiU 
triatnwUonljoiiilie unmipfiiirti'dtctiimony 
of WdJon. «ho«i accouui of tlit- mattpr is 
full of bliiTiilera. 

On It«<vnn*a acDoptanoe of Lhe great wal, 
in 1(117, JniDM announcei] that Yelverton 
alwiuld •uremul liim m attorniiy-c^uniTnl. 
FoTMRie time, Iiowctpt, the kintt lidUl bank 
from siffning the wurrnnt. aiiJ Yelvpfi-ra 
wua nut long in diM'ovuniiff that lluckinf^ 
liaiD atood iu liia way, luukiog od hintaaa 
er«ature of the llowarl family, whu ba<l 
adopted Soin«nint.'ii partiannK a» iboir own. 
Ydrmtoti wna juit then in Ann of hi* un- 
b«Bdiaf[ moodi. and n-fikwl to nprily to thn 
fnTauTilc in a mutlt-r which bo lirlii to eon- 
ocni ibo kiiiR alone. ItutliiiiijhEiin, perhaps 
finding ibL- km^; di-lMruiinetl, Hpnt lor ¥h- 
V«t10n, tolling Iiim ibut hi:i w^iulJ Iodu cri^il 
if the KltOTD^-^eRefHUbip wi>r<^ owfi^rred 
without bia infliioncR biding fiJt, and was 
ktiswvrvd that il trns not tlin custom of 
farourilea lo meddk' with Icjpil appoint- 
m«nl»^aD anawer which leoda to ibu mi*- 
^cioo thai Somerael bad nut dirBcllv iii- 
urpoted in YplT«Tton's farour in 1013. 
Yvttwlon prociwdi'd to «xprc<«a a liopH that 
I)iuJnnf[ham would hnvo no rtwon ro com- 

Slnin oi bira, on wbicb Ihn fnvoiiritf, pro- 
amng Uima^lf aatuilied, took thi- warront 
to thekUiK and r«tuni(!d with it dntv ■i^i.'d. 
Aftenrarda Telvurou, ns if to mark lini de* 
peodenM on the king onlv, curried tu Jamca 
A pnw^nt of 4,OO07. tWiitTtn/iCKi!, Lit/fr 
famelirtu, p. .1.)). In tbi" dl"]!!!!"! hctw<*n 
Cnko and liuckmRhnm nlioiit tln> mnrringn 
of tba daiighlt-T of thp former, Vclrnrton 
•CXed the part of misliotor, and il wan to his 
chaT^ that PraucM Coke was i-oinmittvd. 
I^ter on bi< gave confldenlial iuriruiationto 
Bacon on thn filling of lliickin(;haui to- 
vuda bim (Y(!lvi>rton lo tlncon, .1 Sept. 
1817. Sl'EDDlSu, Lctlera and life '.J liaeon, 
vi, 2^7), and p1uiid«l the lord-kcrpiir'* caiuo 
at court with siiecuaa. 

In tbe *tTOtchiii([ uf Ihv pri^rogutlvc uhicli 
pn-i-pdnd thn meeting of purliamt'nl in ItlSI 
yplvi-rton, aa attoraev-gem.THl, coutil D'iI 
fail to bav« buabani. In April 1017 bn hiul 
bevD employed, at Uiickingbam'R in«tanci>. 



in taking lognl proci-nlingf affnin»t the op^l 
ponrnt* of tbe puli-nt for gi^ld and ailvnv' 
thread; but he n^fuwd to take tbe ilop of 
commitlinK those persona to prisim nilliout 
Crat fonsulling Ilic king- In IlKJS.bowiM-cr, 
hv uon('urri>d with Dacuii and Montague in 
adristuK that tb>< iufriiigpra of ihu pattfuV. 
aboiild he pmwcutod in the Siar-cbaiiiborl 

(KlAIXrl, holfj of Ihf PitKvriIir^» qf lit 
Ilitmf of I^irdt in I'l^I, ('amdrii Soc. p. 43). 
Boooming himic^If one of tbo commiuinnnra 
OH 22 April ia\» {Aivkitotogia, xlL 26L'),he 
waa aubsequuntly placed on another couuuia-j 
aion iBaued on I'O Oct. authorisini; mMiiui t 
be taken for the pnnithraent of oOeuder 
and in lull), thn nilltmnn baring refuaod t 
girn a bond to alutnin from the manufaetnm,^ 
bo conimitli'd loran of Ihera to tbe Klcat 
priton; bnl, beintt unwillini^ lo bear the re- 
spoils i hi lity, announced his intention of re- 
tenaiii^ th<4a uijIcbs Bacon would support 
hini {ib. xli, 3A9). 

It is not nnlikelv that tbis rHeronoe to 
Ilacon was a sieri of Vi'lvrrton** dissntiafaoj 
lion with ilie pirjliey of which lif bad hitbe 
allowod bimsi'lf to bvcniue uti instrument. 
At iJI eviints, on 10 Sunv l(l:.'0 Hiu^oa and 
others recommL-ndctl tbut. iu ^pite of Ytlver-j 
tou'v acknowleil^ment of errur, be should boj 
iried in tbti SUr-cliamber on tbo groun 
of having officitUjr patwd a charter to Ih 
ritv of Ijondon containing UDBiitbnriMid pro-1 
visions ^SffcliliiMi, LelUri' and Life of 
Bacon, vii. »»), uud on 'It June liu waa 
snsjieuded from bis olUce (frranf Book, 
P.It.O., p. :W7). On ■.*7 Oct. Yelverton 
more e!cpr<^s>]; acknowledged hia offence iai 
ih." Star-chiiiohcp (.SrEDDISD, t^Unn anil 
Life /•/ Hai^in, rii. 131); but this wna again 
belli insutliciimt, and on 10 Nov. he- wot si'n- 
titiicnd to imprUonmunt in the Tower durinn 

filcosurc, a line of 1 .000/.. und dismissal from 
lis plaoe if ibu km^' uppruved (I'A. Tii, 110). 
Tbeuiu^did uppruve, app'ttuting Yclvertoti's 
sMCCMSor in thu sltorri--* -gent' nil ship on 
II Jan. IfiSl. 

If Yelvorton gnvo ofTcnee to thn court by 
bis bcntation in dofunding ibo mooopoliaa. 
hi! ulso gave ofleuca to those who attacked 
the luoncipulieq hr drfending tbem at all. 
On 18 April l^'.^Tbe was fi-tchrd from tJie 
Tower lo aiwwer clinrge« brougbl against 
him in tbu IIou«e of Lords, whun.' hn statod 
in thn coiinc of bis dnfencB that his tntlbr- 
inga were in his oninion duo to cirniim.i>tftiicc.>B 
connvctn) with tJio patent for inns (L«rda' 
Jovmati. i!L 77). At this Jiiincs took oflen«<, 
and on the 31lh invited the peers Co ditfeod 
him BMtiist Yt'lvertun*B iiisinuatioiu. Ontha 
3t!H.b Velverton, being cnJIvd for liis dnfnnc*, 
tumiid tiorcoly upon BuckiaKham, charging 



Yelverton 



i'» 



Yelverton 



* 



hfaairitli wtM bu inllnence wiib ibc Inng 
agiiwt Um (^& ui. I»>. On t« M«r Uw 
tm* MBUamd Y«1t>m(ob to tniptMoiiwui. 
to Make kia nkaiiiaiaii lo lli« king asd 
Budinsikim, and to pa* to Badriaghui !*• 
iliiiiwMil mm, ■• w«U u [■■ ''""■""* to 
tkfl InnC' BndinffauD At ooct f ilat ed to 
•cMfit UiB moae^, wliiU JaoiM itm ooatcnt 
witli thB riiuJicatMW of fcj— utf and hi* 
bnMuitc. Yvlvettoa wa« acawdiadjrMt M 
Libertj ID Jutv (lliAmberlaiB to Carfetao, 
31 Jalr. State Piapen. Don. exsiL 31>. 
On loSUy la^wonafUrClMiriM'fMtw- 
riafi.howM ptonioccd to tb* b«Bcltuafi/th 
jiidg«af tbacoortof eoBinocipW*. In ibia 
pMt Iw iMBciiwd till hi* d(«th on 34 Jan. 
lOJS-a): f l« «« burird »t t^Mtoiflhadait 
(iMchptiiOa m bia tomb in Briimes'b tfuf. 
^ AWfAaM[»ftiuAi>r, ii. \0&y. An utoajr- 
IWMU potlml wa» l«at by th« MMi9ai» of 
na(liiiEi>tath#firtt Iom nbibttiOBof 180S 
(Co/- No. 480). 

Yvlivtton niArni'd Jhiy, dausbic* of Ro- 
bert I)u*lo [a. v.] Uu MO sad heir, Uiri^ 
topher, wsa kn'wbtMl ia IflBR, m* created a 
barauM in lUl.aiid died M 4 Hue. lau 
(UiTRKt. £rtBM( AaranrfoM, p. GMX 

[BcsidM iIm aMliaritiw qaeUd abui^ tbvn 
b a lib «f Ytlrerlon ia Fma'a Jodgw of Sag- 
bnJ. Ti. »«.1 8. D. G. 

YKLVERTON.Sia WILLIAM (1400F- 

147:}!'), JDdn-, bcni pmbablj about 1400, 
wa* Mu of John YelvvrtoB of lUdthpRcb, 
Norfollf, b^ bia aeeoiid irife, Eliubotb. 
daughtw and beiMoa of John Itede or Kaad 
of UoufbuD in tba aaaia ooaatr, and widow 
of ItoUan Cl«n of Stolmbr.' Tbe brber 
wucKOTiW of Norwich ia UQ^and Wil- 
liam va» o<)iiciirhil (at tbe hfal prvfctnoit, 
Cnibljr at nrny'> Inn, wHmv b* u taid to 
vabrni r«adi-r. In I1S7 bo wuJDKtinor 
tha Maee for Nomieli, of wbkb hi- wa* nv 
ron&rfhxm 143»la lluO. Ool'ISeft. 1435. 
and airain on 3U Ihv. 14M, lie was ntuntpd 
to parliAiuciil for Great Vacmoutb, and at 
Micbarliua* 11%) lii> was uaila MeiJMuI-At- 
Uw. In 1443 b« wM a|ipointed ajndgaof 
lli« kinf'» l^nch, and.in *^il«of iwowi appa- 
FWit relurtancv to nicn(ri>i)ie tbf ni>w inag 
(AMfon Littlrr*.\. l3I.IG(l.l73),)>i>wacc>>n- 
tinuni in thi> oIKrv bj Edward IV, nbn 
knijihint him bH<nv Si^t«nilwr 1461. Ilii 
n«m« ocrun iu mnnv judicial comnuMions 
inlhsou'Iir yHnof^watd'antea.aadbii 
wu uinuRilT appcuBtad Jnrtiee Of ua pc*o« 
for Norfolk timl SuAnIk (Cn/. Patnt RitlU. 
Ufll-T.pwMinl 

In l4-'() Sir John l-'nttolf 'i\.x'_ hid ap- 

C'alwi Yi-lvnttoii on*" of hi« rtecutaw, aiKl 
tbaii brcamc involved in tbu prolo^pcd 



^ 





d^M«a aboM Ibe diainwitoa of Fauolf) 

WTlliM WoteMM- [q.T.] in oppontioato 
U* lM«a*. and tbm u frnopni W Tt r^ n 
ofUaMMrbtbr'I^ataaLottOT*.' U-fan 
H«KT W waa RMotvd In 1471 Y^WutaB 
waa tnuafcrnd to tba bancb of eomnai i^m 
(tW. SM. Fat. p. SlOXbot on EdwardTrl 
mnra be diMHMwa bom ll>« lt«t of jsdm. 
H«diedon27Baf«fc, probably in I47i:iai 
waa bntitd in Rovgliam cburcb. Tic in> 
•eription on bji toab, pri««d t^ Weenr, 
baa no dale. Kuhbinp of tbo nwnaMmial 
braawa to him and hi> aMond wif* in UiaiM- 
try of RoaEhaan cburch anr ginm in 
Muanai Additional MSS. 32476 S. .' 
l£l, 32479 11. ia 

V»lrrrton married. 6nt, Jnan.dan 
Sir Oliver Crow; and. Mvoadly, okd^b 
daugbitfofSir'nionia* Bn-n-np. and i^^o* 
of John Randi^ wbo Minivrd bim. and di^J 
in )4W. His aon Jobn marritd MaincT, 
dau^hlfi of William Mo*le;, and vacfubA 
of bir William V«lvenoii, wbo marriol, 
lint, in 1477, Aon«, dausbtpr of Jobn 1^ 
ton (l4L'l-14tiiJ) ^q. v.r Sir Chiiatophr 
Yehtnon Tq.*.! waa dc«GMid«d fVom bit 
Mrond mannn with Elennoir. daoichiet 
Sr Tboua Broww^ *^ 

[PiiKoa IjMjok ad. Ourdnar, ^mmt 
PaUBt KoIIa; Ihigdala'a (Mcioaa; OOcm] 
lan of H-aibwt of Purl. - Fob's Utm of 
J«d«; H»»L MS. II74. I. l; ViotatMo of 
Noriulk. ISU; llloiDpltrl<r> Nnrfjik: Wrvnit 
FsDaral] Hun.; Borkci Eiiiod BaronMcia-j 

A. F. P. 

YELVERTON.WILI JAil CHABL 
fonnb Viacoc.NT Atoxmoui (1834-18^ 
bora on 37 S«pt. 1824, was tbv cldiwi sob ~ 
Barry JatinY«lviirt«n, third viscount (I7S0- 
1870t, by bi» aecand wif.-, Cwili* (rf. I Ftb. 
1976), »M(M( daucbt.-r of CharlM CTKntt; d 
llollybroob* Park. Tipptmrj-. Bany Y* 
Tcrton, fint ^'iat1onnt Avunmorv [ij.t.J 
biJ Krandfalbcr. William Cborlea www 
caiird for ibn military Mrricv at WooJwi_ 
and rntrrcd tbo royal aitilletr. lIoattaiiHl' 
tbe nutk of major: acrvnd "in tbo Crinua 
durintf tb* Ituuian war, i«c>-irvd a noJal 
and cUtp for Inlwnnan and Sabauopol 
waacrealtd a kiHghitof tboGfth cUm' 
UtdjidiebYthMTirkiiligonTniDTOi. ■■ 
lA59nntinS66kwa« involrrd in lil^—. 
in Ftisard to tba validity of a marria^ wfaieb 
it waa aliased bn had covlractwl in I8S7 is 
Scotland and Ireland [mio Loxavona, 
Makia ThekesaI The IIoom- of Ln& 
ervnlually decided agaioM llwniarrian'. Ia 
March \fiti\ VeKerton waa aiuMided fnw 
all niiliiarr datiea, and on 1 Anril ba vw 
placed on Jiair-pay. He uicctsrdod bia lalhtt 



bu 

a 



Ad 
i^^« 

aind.9 
rinua 
I nedal 

m 

I 



Veo 



3'9 



Yeo 



■u foiirtli TJK-ount on t!4 Oct. l^<7U,8nd died 
nt UUrriU on I April lUSi. Ut marri.sl on 
HSJuIt I85(*. at lilt? ppi»ei>wilchnpi'l, Trinity, 
nvai Edinbuiyli, EhiiIt ^l(l^in^ln^■, y<niii((i-«t 
dauglitFT of Mojor-gptiitnil Sir t-'hnrli>« Aitli- 
wiwth fq. T.l nnd widow of Iho nslutntut, 
Bdwaril ForliM [<j. v.' Ity her hp bad two 
sarrii-iag wwis, Ilarrv S'ligviit. fifth Tucoiinl 
(1659-ISau), and AlRprnoii WilUun, *Utth 
viMOual. S'olvL-rtuu'i iDHirin^ spiMdewut 
nprodumd in tlie novul '(ii-ntlii Blood, r>r 
the Seciw HaTriam' {Tait'i Kdtah. Mag. 
1861 ), by Jame* RodotickO'Klrmuanii, wliilu 
Cvni* lEnddin^ il;^'! ^'>^^ *'"o P'"* "^ 'A 
\<'ifc kod not n Wife ' ( 1807) on the alory 
of Yelvcrton'ii Iriilt roamage. 

[BurU'a I'ti'mifi* : tloa**** Moilarn Vnogr. s-T. 
' A'onmore' mill 'LoiigwonU:' AlliUma'a [)i>'l. 
of Eagl. Lii. 1.*. ' Volvcrtoa;* atututrilio* citnl 
uniUr Lioiiswiiih, Marin Thwc«)».] K. I. Q. 

YEO. SiK JAHIB l,UCAS( 1782-1 SIS), 
COmiBodaiv, k>ii of Jntnv* Yea, formerly 
nftnt victualler at .Minorca, wu bom at 
8oailiaiiiplon on 7 Oct. \1S^. Both faibur 
and Biottit-r survived their ton, the (bnner 
djIllK a [mi4i'jiic-r at Ilumploii CouH PsUru 
em 31 Jau. I>>'2u, llie laitvr at DoulogTie on 
13 Jan. IK^J. A» a diild James wax at a 
BCbool at Itinhop'ii Wnltham, but wa« not 
■Bueb mora tlutn Inii whnn, in Mnn^h 1793^ 
lie w«» entiTn<d nn boani tlio Windwr Cas- 
tle, RainK out lu the Meditmrancan a.n 
llagsniu of liear-udmiral PhJIips CoibT 
[q. V.J, whom b« followed to iliu Alcide, 
relunuig to Ragtand with him in tlie end 
at 1704. In tlu> Rpring of IT^'i b« jnincd 
the Orion with Captnin JobnTliomiLii l)uck- 
worth fn. v.] in thn Chnnnel, and wan 
■hiwtJy nfterwiiribt taken by l>iicktvorth to 
■be Lerittthnn. i,-oin^ out to Jamatt'a. On 
30 Feb. \'97 Yeo wa« promoted lo be lieu* 
Icntant of tb'' Albieow, in which he con- 
tinual! in thi! Weat TiidiM till, early in 1799, 
nftnr a nbarp nt.tMk of ynllow fnvnr, h» was 
•mt haute, lie wiu then ajipnint"!! to the 
Vul«nin in the North Sira, niid in Oooember 
I7St< to ibe Charon, goinit '" '^e Mcdiler- 
nnran, where in May IWO he wbi moved 
iuto Kl Cono briR, with CtniunMnder WiU 
liniu lUc)[j'ii«. in Vr h^ vte/K pneent at 
th* nipKR of Ofliion. and nft^rwani* iu tlio 
Adriatic, where on iJrt \ns. l.^OO th" brio's 
boata, commanded by Yeo and eoven-d by tIih 
I'iRiay cutler, forced their wny into the 
harbour of Cesenatieo, burnt or nnk thir- 
teen merehaiit vesseU, whose wrofks choked 
the harbour, and bnnit t hu pien (Uak^hall, 
Roml yaml TtiiHjr. iv. (toI. ii. pt, ii.) iW9- 
eeO). In l-Vbruniy 1809 Yw> waa moved lo 
the Gdntmax, and in l)M lie raturoed to 



Kugland. In Kebruarr 1^V5 he was ap- 

Cintixl to the l.oiiv, with CiipiainFrtdericb 
wim .Moiiland [q. v.^ and cnmmandod her 
boatd on let'irml cxpcJitiona, particuUrir in 
MurOM Bay on 1 Juno, where, after apllnng 
the guns of a small Iwtltiri', with c<nly lifty 
men he alormed u clu»:^ fort in the town, 
epikfd ita gune^tweW* lS-pouodM4— and 
mada it poauhlc for tbti I^oireloaoitealar^e 
priratoer and noma olhnr Tcawlx lying m 
the bay. The privateer was comniiMion#d 
for ibe iiaTy under llio name of C'onfianco, 
and Yeo promoted lo mmmand her. Ilia 
comDiift8iou was dated jL Jane 1605(J»iibs, 
iv. .13-6). 

In tba Confiaooa V«o was oiaployed for 
the naxttirayoaraat litbon. TnVoTMab«r 
■Mr he wni M-nl hotnr! with deipatcbH hj 
Sir William Sidney .Smith {t\. v.l, and on 
19 Dee. was promoted to the rant of cap- 
tain. ITe waa, however, continocd in the 
Conflance and »enl back to ibe Tagua, 
whence in tho follnwiit^ spring he accom- 

Sallied Smith to liraiil. I'rom Itiu dtt 
nneiro be wiu arut in HeptrmheT lo Pan, 
where lie BUgif«ted to the ROvemoT th* 
prai-'icnbilitv of liikina Cayenne and French 
Guiana. The ^vetiinr udupied tlut ■<!)(- 
ireftiion, and put Yeo in canimuiid uf inch 
Portngueae a* \u? c>:iuld add to bin force; 
but when he landed at Cayi<an<> on 7 Jan. 
t(>tiEi he bod in all nnly four hundred men 
wiiU xvhom to attack a atronfrly foriilied 
position mounling nver two hundred guna 
of various aitea. When Bve weuka later the 
place BiirT«ndervd, Veo found himself wriUi 
iipwanU of a thoii«aud priaoner« on hia 
hands and no ndixiunte meanit of aecuriug 
tbem. Fur morv than a month, till he re- 
i-i^iveil reinforcement*, neither '^'eo nor anj 
uf bii officers and men slept out of tbitir 
cluthea. MoBl of tliem were attacked by 
fever, and Veo, after heiii^ confined to bed 
for two month*, wna nbli|ri'd to go to Eng- 
land to rocrnit hia hcaltli. On bis return 
to Rio the prince re^nt of I'nrlu^l pre- 
aented him wit h a valuable diamond ring and 
nomiuaied bim a knisht commnndLT of St. 
Benedict of Avii. un older of nsemi-roligioua 
cliaracler ; il is said that Veo was the Itnit 

I |>ri>ieetant admitted loti. \Va acceptance 

of the (inier win Bpnmvfd by George III, and 

hewasknighted on le March I810(*.v. 73-7). 

Ill 1^*11 Vwi i-ornmimded the Srintbailip- 

: ton fripiit ■ nn (hi' .[mnaico station, and on 
Z Feb. Ii^Il' tiji.ili, !i1"nt nn nlntinalo but 
very one-Sided iii'ii'ii, ''i' \ met hyste, a 
large piratical friy.''" mIihm liiiil been niolen 
fr-jni Ibe llaytian eraperur, ttirintoplie, and 
Rll^d onl by one (laapnrd, a FrL'tiobuiau, 

1 with a craw of acran hundred dmu, * t. 



k 



Veo 



3«> 



\'eo 






pf^^ 



n* 






i 



I fcHowMM nir Tas «■• 
■dr.M^ilii h ffci 

iiaitwl K1n<in«wih«ih»trfl«hTTTirin 

I he tad ^ Upt&ar ■• ifciiM 
of two Aift ot t ii aly ifc « iad 
t ww Mj pBBi, Willi * II KM boiraBd mm* 
■aallar TMacb, aad anced witli Sir 0«arK> 
Prvvwi (i:S7-lt<l«> fq. *.1 oa u *tlM& m 
SadtMt'* hubooi', wUn ua «m«t ted • 
ctwale of brgv vMMb «a th« Mwb. Ob 
llia37lkilMtroMMw«f«tnIi«riu<l,bMwbcs 
tff tfc* baftenr Pnrrort jadgcd t&tylaee too 
atfeof ud nfatcd to had. Two ^y* ktcr 
Iw waa cneoni^ed to ■■!■ SMibcf UlcMpt- 
ThiM tiaw tW Ben ««te kaM, had driT«a 
oM Uw aaeisr, aad had art flra to tbt two 
ttmft, whan Pwroat^ natra l^« hiUrf him. 
ha ofdmd tha ' t«tu«' to W aovadect, and 
WM abagfctd Ilia Men, pmaitttBf the mcm^ 
pffrfnlly to rcoce u pr the pott and to ex- 
tingni*]! ibe fire. IlaTtiw Ibr the tine gM 
rid of Fnvaat, YfO tuoK hia tqaadrm up 
Ilia laka, aad captured « deamvad anua at 
tht •nafliv'a noreahiM and daplt* ; but th« 
Bi^chMf doiio at 8awit'* hartioar could not 
ba 'mJi>«'*, and bv the end of JuJj:' the 
laffar of tb« two rtmdt not barnt waa 
Sued out and rrftdy for wrnoe. She wu 
of SKI tona, mounted iweatv-eight lone 
M>poiuiden, had a cie« -if lour bundnd 
neo, and ia deaenbed aa naarif a match for 
the wbola ot iha Eaglbh aqiudraii. The 
Atnerioan adfanta^ wai not onlj in th<c 
poaaaMOn of tbia powerfol ahip. Iwt alao in 
tba boatitv and moni cSctent aimament of 
tha net of tbeiraquatlron; and though in an 
angagement near .Niugara on 10 Aug. Yeo 
■ueciHHlvd in cutiinx off and capturing two 
of iLe cnitiDv'a ecnooiiirn, It wa* cTidcnt 
thai arainM a mora dotcnmnod louder the 
Knclian chanco would bar* bvcii umiill. 
(HhvT purtinl enng«mmta took place ou 
1 1 Bod S8 Sept., but the American commo- 
dore, unwiUiDK to retinqnUh the anfwloritT 
of bia InnK guna. refuMd cloaa actioo, and 
witb tliu UiBg Ruiu aloiM bo could not 
obtain anf murbJud auciMa*. Under a more 
adventuroua cotnmandnr I bo AmOTCaa 

SuodroD on l.nlcn l'irii> took full udvaiiiuge 
ita rer^- *iipcrior foro« aiid o»-«rwheluied 
the Kngliih n^aaiiroii on lu B«|)i. Diu-Jog 
Iho wintrr grunt esvrtiou* were tnado hv 
both pnnica. Veo had two large HhipK liiiilt 
at Kinjiiluii, and, with tbeea added to Iub 
w|uaJron, ciubarlnJ a Urg* body of troops 







aad puwii i IA Otwvro, where on S 
tWMBwn hMlad. Aft^ a ahaip 
teat the flaca wva ouraad. aad a hqa 
ymatiiy M oriwaaee atar«« aa wall aa iro- 
ntioaa waa ca ftt g d or dnatnnwd. Y»e 
thM HarVilii Sackrti'* harbour, wW> 
' tW aaanj had alio Uasdud two l«(w« thiK 
! wUeih Iher ■«• tMhIa to n oat ao k^ 
the aloeweaddha prvnatad readuag ths. 
BTtfewdarinlTb*w«a ohl«ed M tm 
the Uocbde, and the Amfrieana with 
laatly aajwi ar kum wen abl* to drira 
Wt 10 Kiagaloa and Uoekada him I. 
danw iha real of the y*»r. 
I YaoaMahm had all along bc«n ont of 
great AScahy, MM oaly ta caueaacao* of 
I Um wpuiea adTaM^|«a for builotag aad 
' filling out rfitpa whidi tha AmeiicaM bad, 
biM, and nin more, to aanacqaaaM ef tW 
iadiwaiilioa of PteToat to co-otvt«t« tmll* 
and mUIj. The USetvae^ wu bro«<at to 
a head by the cataatrofdie on LAke Cham- 
plaia, oceanoMd by rraroA'a call on ihe 
QATf for a wjata a c a and hia negleet to t^ 
port the a^nadron (A. vi. 214-21 ; fee aba 
Waixrb, Jamss RonxtTKix*). The ea» 
, appeared »o flamot that Yoo pnfiimd di^ 
tiBCt dtaivta of graaa neg'lect of dnty, and, 
though It»to« dtwl before he could be 
, brought to a cmm-martUl, the court wUrb 
tried Walker and tbs otbar aun'icon GmbI 
ibal tba dMaatcr waa 'priacipBltv cauMd' 
by Piwosl'a niginft tbeaqnadn^n into bull* 
when it waa Boi * tn a jiTO|icr atal* lo loivt 
tba anemy,' aad by hu not co-oparati^ «• 
ha had nroniaed to do. On hi> miDia U 
EngknA in ISIR Y«o waa appoiaUd eaiB- 
manirr-in-chirf on the waat coaatof A^iea. 
with B faniail poooanl in the laoooataat. la 
Octolvr 1)^17 ne mored into tba nuiijum'a 
iu vtht«h lie went to Jamaica, aikd aaiM 
tbeaoe for England. On tba naaiace, 
31 Ai^. 1818, he died ' of gmenl ^iCty' 
I Ilia hody wa» brooght home and bari«l on 
I S Sopl. in the gamaOB «hapi.-l at Porti- 
utouili. ill! waa not tBarricd. Hia eair 
bralber. Lieutenant 0. C. Ym, died oo hn 
paaange to Bermuda in ihc apring of 1^19 
* in oonaequenee of a full from the poop af 
hie M^eaty'a ahip Newca^l«.' 

[fiaial Chiuoiele. witb a porttaii. xxit. SUl 
sLtSl.aiX: GaoLUag. l8ISiL37l. ISltD. 
m.lSlSi. 18S. 1824 I.IS3; Mor^aa'aaatidwa 
of C*l«Ual*l Oaaadiao^ p. 32t; aenita boot 
ID the Public Raraid QIRm: Jam»'> Naral WtL 
((dit. in cr. Sn>) : Boaeeralt'a NatsI Wt li 
1818; Nnty I,;.l-.] J. K. U 

YKO, llICUAItn (d: 1779). medallitt. 
flrat cjiino into public notice in I7-U>, vh« 
hojptoduced till! official medal for the batili* 
of Cullodim, n tiadfle witb an effiedivc oma- 



m 



Yeowell 



331 



Yevele 



menial bonW (Uato, MeilaU, i. pi. 13, 
No. 2). In thn »iiroc vi-ar he iMucd by sub- 
scription anothiT I'ullotlrti medul, willi a 
rBllii'r prtrlfiitiom rpvt-rsf. tin.- \iw\e of Ciim- 
WlandBa HtTL'ulir«tr»iijplirtg iipuii UiMjnnL 
Ttis wm i»>\i\ ill filv'.-r lur imi' guitivA, and 
in ip)ld for ' I wo (r"''^'''''. '"'' 'Iw Fiwhicni.' 
Bewr* pnjiiuiTiiig l!ii'.«i; mnlnU Y«i lind t-ii- 
arftTvd n utiil with tin- b>^iu) of the Ilulit- of 
CMinbiirtBiid. UliiTD fruoi tho tiTi.'. In IT4i^ 
lid wa> 1odf(i»R ii> iiunilon At u drugk''"''^ 
■ear Cnivu Strv«i. Siniiid, hiu! in litiiitt 
Tavistock Sttvet. Covunt (iiiri!i>n (Jivmii- 
matir C^r-'iii'-lr, ii'^w Htr. Xv. ill) f.l 

In 1i4n Yeo irns appointed nuMttnnt iMt* 
gnrcr M the Ito^l Mint, and in 1775 lu^ 
•uccocd«d John SisiBinuiid Tnunvr [q. v.] ui | 
chief vngnriT. lit? won a mt!iiil>Fr of [li<f 
Inootpomled Socivtyof Anista ill 17<i0.nml ' 
was OOP of iLu fonn<l»tion mnoiWre of tlid ! 
Knjal Acailoiny , to vliotw tint tivo r\hibi- 
tinnR h» WBH a crxilrihutnr, unndind in 1770 
n proof inivn-uion of bit fivir-guiiit-n piecu. 
Hcditd.whilestillinollifi'na thiefpti^raviT, 
on 3 D«'. 177» {Gmt. Mng. I77(i, ii. tiUl), 
BiaaDuill ciilk-ction of cr>iiij<niid m>!r3aU wim 
mM by auction al I.anKford'it, f 'nverii (inr- 
deDfOn 2 and :t Fnb. 17^,ilt-< uil^ iiirhiiiiing 
bis grarinit tooU and irn!o»ni for painting, 
'anioiifc wliitrh (oay* the caXidagae] ia a 
quatittiy of hi» itry eurioun and much «- 
tw^tnpd lake-' ((.Timton. si^urlut. aud ti-IIow). ' 

Tk>> sigonturt- of (liia invdalli^t. is K. Vko , 
and Yeo. ItMJdi^H llio nii'dxla xnnmnrnlod 
Wlow lie mftdp Iwn of Ihi' priKP mnilnU for 
WinnhMterCoUcgp, and two of ihc mfilnllic | 
•dminion ticket* for \'aiiihnl! (inrdL-ni are ; 
Mgned bv bim [ Xtaaiimatir Chrvnivlr, \bM6, \ 
pL Til. 2, G, kc.) ScTi'nit otL<rr Vau.tliull 
liuki-tH may ulau bi^ Httriliulcd lo biiii. mid 
if ibeweU-known'ITiigBrth'ticlii'i forVnin- ' 
lull i>b. fls. S, rp. pi. rii. 4) in ri^hch- of- 
lii^riM'd to bim, hci mimt havo Ihijiiiu Io work 
ai K tni-diilliit More Mov 17X1, tlio dnte 
wbirn Jonuiimii Tyerx q.v.^ prcsenlud IIo* 
gutbvritli ibe tick'vl in iiimliun (W. Chap- 
yam,Cot.i>f FTnmn rindBrowni' Culln'tivn, 
l«W,p. 17ft, No, .■MS.1). 

Tbn following mrdnl* may he in<>ntioiio<I : 
1746, CuIIodRQ MrtinU: 1719, Krfipmajonii 
of Minorca: KM. Aoudc-my of Ancient 
W«»ic; 1752, Cbttncellor'n Medal, Cumhridpe; 
1700^ Captain Wilmiia Vuva^ li> China 
(Jllto, MftaU. i. 117), 

1Ha>kia*'i> Mrdallic nlutnrnl.iona, «). Pmnkit 
. Ctrimlwr: Rtiljir.iTn'n DictMof Arli*'™; Yr«'* 
Salo Cat. (Dept. u( Coins. Brit. MuMum].! 

W.V. 
YEOWELL. JAMES i1WB:--|87o). 
auti'jiiury, born about 18(M in Loudon, 
is )>»id to have been employed to early life 

VOL. LXUI. 




nnditr the rwtry of Sliorvdilch, and to have 
wtirki^d nt iiide*inff and kindrvd Inhoiiri for 
tbi- Loudon bouknelJcn. Soon nfUrr ibe i 
eeiHblishmfnl by VVilliniD John Thums [^q.v.] , 
of ' Noll-' II nd liuprie*,' Youwcll btK'ain« sub- ( 
eiUlor, and lie tilled tbi't poditiou for more i 
than Iwntity yvan, rrlinnz In ."N-plembirr 
1H7L', DurinK tlii« airiod \ cowrll iiij.plind 
by asidduoiH reniinriUint the llrit.ihh .Muuriioi 
the answiTB which B|ipeured each wc«k under 
Ike btiadiuf; uf ' (juprics with Anowern.' H» 
lived at fint in Penlouvilli-. near the Sad- 
lw»* Wells Thi'iitri-, uud tU^ri nt Bitrusbury. 
On hia rclintnii'iil from ' Not^ and 
Qurrien ' he wan noniinalnl n poor Virot her 
at Iho Cbnrterhouse by the Dulio of Biic- 
cleuch «l the nujfKeition of Th'imn. He 
died 111 the CbnrlerliuuMt on iU L)ec. 1870, 
b^iug buried iu Ili^'li^alu cumetrry on 
H Ilw, n^ WBJi 'probably llie lust non-i 
jnror, if not the ln8t Jncobilt>, in I'^glsnd I 
(^DuHAS, liOiidon ia Jacaltitr TinifJ, ii. >1U). 

YeoAvell wm the aixlbor of: I. ' Cbro- 
nicleti of 111" Ant'itnt liritiiih (Thurch ant** i 
riur tu tbif 8a\on Era,' new ed. 1847 : il ori> | 
fiuallv Htipenrcd during; IKK) in u monthly 
perimJical. i. ' A Lilerorv Anliquttry: Me- 
moir of William < lid VH, with his I>iary. Nol«a , 
from .'VdrcDniin, and an Account of Ihn l.on-] 
don LibrarieJ,' 1(^53; thia come out in ' Notn«' 
ODd (iu»rieit' duiinK IS«l nnd I8t(l'. He 
edited in IS'iS the poetical works of Hir 
Tboiuftti Wyalt uud of Surrey for the.-Xtdine 
sni^s; compiled, with uthrr index work, tbu 
^[tmeral indexfs to llin fini ihn-e series ofJ 
' Noti4 and Ijiivries,' and nn index to St rick- f 
land's '(jut«nH of Knicbiiid : ' and be iwiiatAd 
Lord Ilraybrookc in the fourth edition of the 
diary .if I'qiy* (IM'l). 

ieowell's biioks wen' sold with otber col- 
Wliuus by Sotbfby, Wilkiuson, A llodffa 
on 13 Nov. 1^73 nml Ave following d«y9i| 
II II rollrctiona for the hiosTnpby of I'.nglish- 
men are now nt thii llrillnh Muieiiui; they 
cimaiit of eleven folio v iliimei, t!iiny>*'ven 
octiivo Tolumes, and etjiht parcoU, 

[Sullen niid QBiiriiu. Alh tur. it. 4fll, 9th in. 
ir. SSA; Athea«min. 18 Hoe. 187^ p. 831, 
24 Dtp. p. 8S1; infurnutioQ from Rer. H. V. 
\m Dn* of Chjirtoihonin. and Mr. Merlnn A. 
■rimm.-. Uriu Miik Cut,] W. P. 0. 

YESTKK, Ijiiiu. [Soe IIi», Wiu-um, 
d. 1571),] 

Y'EVELB, IIENltY t>s (rf. 1400), n>u( 
mnton and nrchiieut, wm *on of IlogaP 
Yevele nnd his wife Miiriona. Tho nAms,'^ 
whieh has been spelt uud misprinted in 
mullitudir of ways, i^ Miriniaed tu bate beeii 
a pi ucA-nn me iiidicaiiiig c>>uu«ctiou with 
Yeoril, Ittley,or Y'datdcy in D«ibysbir« ; « 



Msa. 



u ba waaii 



I 



I is tka anvaiccaUi cvurr l(£ AM: 

is il* fcwrtiith «(M«iT {tL Jbf. JVHL it. 
Wa«>. nMqr d. Ymfa fart •»««« m 
UMI^wfam h> «M «■• of tka H fi wtf 
liiw af Ik ■■HMi fe««ts ta LmJw «fco 
MMdto Ik* 'pawUiiw fcr ik tnd*of 
— Wl'(Bl«t..8ri*iVi.W. 380-g)- In 
13Mt or Mbn^ W«v ditwtor of Ui> kutK's 
votka 01 WMtwMXa*. ■*< oa 37 Anif. IBtO 
ho WM pnt«a Cat lifr, witk o wlur of liJ. 
• dn, the oSbb •( 4iiM«ar of t& iumg'» 
wodn ot WortaaMier wd U ihe Tower. 
Ho figwrt ilM gnu ob S3 Oct. 1380 on 
wot iriag iW ■aaan of Trtawofth tmi 
VuuHw, oo. Km lOif. ftf. Ai/lt, IS77- 
13^1, ^ IMk lUi {ukittoa wu ono of (OiBe 
wUbont J, umI bit nc &«qn«tl]v onBowmd 
to mpwoi M auT ■»■»■ aiid MOMmn 
■lad, aM lo iapmw IM0« wbo 
to Bom Um (A. pi. ;>. On oiLtr 
I h» WW n^ Mind lo pn>*ido mmou 
to ■eoampanT tbf nrio» QHydi ti nt Mat 
to I^mnee. lib bojiaeM Nluiono mn ox- 
tcniiiv; he imparted tiW bmm Fkndtn, 
pUcUrr fnuB IVris. uhI obtaoKd •bwo fiou 
l>uriN«k. irlim hv ketd the asaor of l^ac- 
tuo iu 13711. Id 1366 h» Mfplkd MOae^ 
thenfMirnf KoclM«t*TOwi)«,udoa 7 May 
ISTd n* uipmBtwl to HqioriiitcBd tho pn>- 
JMMd tntit Bi :^it]umptoti. In 1383-1 
Iw WM mfgrA in ivpairinc the bridge aror 
the Modwaj between Kocborter nod Mnrnd 
(A. ISSl--.. pp.321. f»,:MQ-S, aOS, GOt). 
nnd ou :a Frb. 1»M. < in ooMtdmtion of 
\m gnu MTTicm tA tlie lamf,' wns gnalcd 
a mitcslion of hb di>)MM MtUn in t«0 
nhinpi in St. Mftrtin'>-(>at«ick, London (A. 

VovbIc wm an arebirect u wall a* n 
»a«t«r.iiiaiioa. I» 1381 ho dMiffiwd the 
■outli aial« for itiv rhiircb of St. IhintitBU- 
Ui-ih^Ean <.T. 11. MinuT, St. Ittauiita- 
M-O^&uf. ISHt, p. 1D>, and Ln 139A 
aoOM important alipration* in WmtniiMtnr 
llall, intiodudny tlir «orbcU of Caen Mono 



BiC. LaJrattAX, Si)i<>.-(j. Tbcae lonb ud 
iho aluntioa* in Wot^oalct tlall nan 
aapnob otYarelr'a akilL 

V«*«ki who wsa eontiotu^ aa vHt«r- 
maaon hj Hem IV, dinl in 1400. and ««> 
buried in f^ Surj'a Chapel in lk» chnrdi 
of St. Ua^iu, tianr Loadon Drid^ «&«r 
kic mouanuat waa oxtant in Siok* lioi. 
bat waa prabaUj doatiojcd bv tlic £nof IftK 
iStdv. &my. IfiSe, p. 107). Um iriS, 
dalod a iUj 1400. nnd enrolled in ik 
hiiattttfaoourtooS80ct.r>ilIa«ing.itBraMl 
in R. R. Sbarpe's ' Calendar ' (.li. S4^ tU). 
and muBisariard in tli« *Genil«iBan'a Um- 
nnc'OS^ii-'-'-^)- % it I>* 1«A ibc baft 
of hi* prope r ty to hia second wifp, Katboiaa, 
ptoridM abe renwitii^d iininarncHi andpaaJ 
for naMOS lo bo mn^ in 6<. AfagnnaChm 
for Verele, U* Stat wifo M«ign(«t. b«r Euba; 
hrnthrni mil friliir rilaiirm mil hrnArim 
Y*T#1« aim Uft beqtiMt« to tlut poor of 8L 
Mafnu* pariah. 

f Joba Goo^ XicIkiI* ■ ■cooool of Ynrii fab- 
Ii*&*d ia tba TranaactUmi of iba Loadoa ni 
UiiiMnitt Airlwol. Sot. itM. roL ii., anJ i» 
ptiaicd in Oont. TSag. ISG>, U. SA-U. Md ii 
th* Bflildtt. utiii. 4W aM.. eolkcta naav dKah 
aboU Yanla. Saaalao,lM>d«as*thoritNa(M 
io ihr trit. Hiat. MSB. Camn. lib Sef. Aff 
f, 1T9; Bnatingfaam'a IistM ftolli Ptna' 

Mn« of ib» EitM^oer : AfchwologiU. nU. U- 
AS ^ FuSgmrt't AotMM KatMiUia : ArehMt^ra 
Cuatiaaia (gtaml iadox) : Fr»eBMMaa' Jfi 
tiD«. ISM, ri. 4IM : Dm. of ArekiI«cUnL) 



i: Aretecwr* 

ttMOM'JI^ J 
lilfCUNLl M 

A. F.V. ■ 



TNQE. lU'OII (rf. 1SS8X McUukp 

Dublin. [Sftr btsB.) 

YOLLAND, WILU.Od (1810.1860). 
liestatiam-CiiiloiMl royal nogincttnaadcbtf 
iaapcior of raUwaj-a at tbo board of tndt, 
^uDfeat Mrvirinff Mn of John YoUiad, 
aipnl lo th« firnt H«rl of Moriev bjr U* %jb 
Prifcilla, «a« bom at Merrrfiold, Plraniiaa 
St. Mary. Ucroiuhiic. on 17 Mara lelK 
Iv.tucBint at Trutrmaa'a matbematjcal aciiMd 
at £KL-t«r, and by Mr. Geuna IlartOTCf 
Plymouth, he paaa«d through the Royal Mili- 
tary Academy at Woolw-ich, and receindft 



to iupport the roofi (Ktxes. /inlpr*. rii. i ooinmUMOnaaMCODd lioutnuant ia tlwnni 



791; BxtTLET, tfettmmtbr£Uaer.a.lS:). 
On I April in the Maw yau be uudirtu-ji 
tu erKi • the tomb of fine marUa' in Wrtt- 
minsterAbbe^ br which Richard II com- 
mHn)orat«d hisnaelf and hia dewaiwd wife, 
AniM of Aiuitria. It coal SSOl., and mu 
C4iBplet«d in 1397 (Xkue. Wetltitimler 
j<Miy,tL 107-12: Stinlbt, .VflnunaJ^pp. 
ISS^). YoTclu alM in IXM ervoted th(> 
tomb of Cardinal Langham, which ia de- 
arribcd an ' thi? oldcM and iiKMt retaarkable 
vccleaiutical monumciit in tho abba7'[cC 



rngineara on 13 April 18:28. lib faitM 
comniaDoaa we» d&ted: liimtcnant, < Sv(*- 
I8;i3: aeoond i-aptain. 10 Dec. 1843; tM 
cuptaiii.l March 1847; breTel-m^OT.^OJiue 
l8.'>4 ; liouleiiant-colotMil, 13 Jan. im: 
hrvvpt-ooloiMl, UJon. IM». 

.^ftor thn uioal eoarm of profamioni) 
inttructinnat ChatbaaiandaalMrtaErnfeat 
\\ uoln-ioh Iw embarled for Canada on 3 A W- 
lti.11. rpturninir to Eiigland in Octoba- Im- 
Ilelht^imFrtnlal variouabomeUatiouaotil 
hiaa|>poliitment lo ibeordnnaM matts ia 



VoUand 



3'3 



Yong 



May 1B3S. For the next Rtteea Teus Iw 
WM «n)pbirMl b1 ihu Tower of London, 
&uul.bnm)itUD, Dublin, uid Eimtskillwi, 
auiM-TiuIemtiug l!ii> publication of s«tronomi> 
cu obMTratioiui for thn hnurd nf oHnnnco 
ftnd OD M^r* HUTTrj nork, indiiding tabittg 
obMrvAtions fiom tbc top of tha cto« of St. 
Pkul^ Otthrdrnl. Be vrsa nlxo mjKinsible 
for moat ottbe aix-iiK-h tiiii|is of Lnncoshlre 
and YvihsliirL- tIjL'ii lu i?our*T.-of ptibHcution. 
WliMi tL« niftp-rvwni of thn nriliiiino* Bfirvny 
<|0M in tlin Tnwrr of I.onilou wim buniiKl 
down in IBll.Yallitndmorrd wilhlhc licul- 
qa*rt«r« to Southnnipton, whi-rr hu niu exe- 
cutive ofllcer Bnd did inuuli vuluablo work 
under (Itaenl TlioumB Frvderlck Colby [q. v-] 
In IMil Le was an assoi^iate juror of ilin 
Oiwt Exhibition of lljl-M, rlniH viii. On 
Iwvine Southampton for Irrlnndin NoTum- 
ber lM2thf iDfiTornndrorjioralioiiiinMi-ntpd 
him with iin n^drrsa in ntknowledftiiient of 
tbc inlorftd hi- liad taken in tliu wulfare of 
the town. 

In July 1^'>4 VoU&nd wm Appointed nn 
inMOClOT of rnilway* undor the bonrd of 
tna^. In .Innniry 1856 ha wiu, in nddition, 
8 mcmbi'r of thi- cotomiiuion nppointt'd to 
Cpnudcr tbi: truining of condictulm lor iha 
Mcientific corps of the urmy in viuw of thn 
■bolilion of ptlron&ge and the substitution 
of open competition. Whh bi« colleagues, 
Wilbam Cb»rlM l^kn (aftnrwnrds donn of 
Duihain) nod Lieiitvnant •colonel (nftom-nrd* 
GnwToli U'illinm Junnii ^myth» [q. v.j of 
tbo myol orlUlory, he visilfd ihe principol 
<xmltnc^t«l c.'ouiitri«K to cxaiiiinu Ihe voriouH 
KjMMiu putsui'd. Yolkiid Ktraugly advo- 
ul<>d ibe continuance of (he *y8t«m of edii- 
oating the CRndidnte* for the roynl nrlilliry 
Mid fiivnl pnjrinpnn" lotrrthnr nl Woolmidi, 
while Smythc prcfirrwd ihnt thn cducntion 
•hould bo rXTpnnitc and dint inct . I^kc u^-rtt'd 
with VolUnd.and the (rombined njaltm was 
rL-coniQiriidvd. 

In I8t]^ Volland was a juror of ibe Inter- 
national ICxhIhiiioii in London. He retired 
flrani thn mllitnry HRTvicn on 2 Oct. 18tt3, 
npuininK hii nppointmmt nndrr ihn bonrd 
of trndir. In IP71 hu held Torn firw month* 
tbepatilioQofiiupL'rititendinfceiijtiiiiwrundifr 
the board of triule of tbi! RtuQBgale har- 
bour works. On the retiremum in 1^177 of 
Sot Hwiry Tyler, Volland became chief in- 
Vptcl^or of milvovB, in which nppointincnt 
be continued nntd hi* d>>jith. Il was diiit 
to him ihnt the Metropolitan ItoilYniy wa» 
oblif^ to carry ita Udd betwren Hishciji's 
lEoad and VV'eet bourne I'ark alatiuiis iindtr 
theOr^alWnitern mainlines near Ituyal Oak 
stnlioii, inaieedofcrOMingilioin on Ibe level, 
as tbpy had dono for »ice yean. This wa» 



k 



» mat impmnreuiMit «a re^rda both i 
and coDTenience, tboush it was atrongl; _ 
oppoM<d by tho Metropolitan Rnilwny Cora- 
puny in coutMiiciiCR of lUu hnory cmt in* 
volved in the alterntion. 

In ISSO Yolland waa nppointed n member 
of the cominiaaion which iniiuired into th« 
Tay bridge di»aster of 36 Dec. 1^79, anil 
settled tho (juestion of the amount of w'aA 
proHure which railway «tnictan« should bs) 
ah!« to withirtand. Iliii coltna^es wnr» 
William Hcnn- Barlnw. pn-tidmt of thn 
Iniiitoiion of Oivil Enginuuts, and Hvnij 
C'^ido^uu Rothery [q. v.], wreck commuaiomer. 
In 1^81 lie was made a coinpanlon oT tbe 
order of the Bath, civil division, in reco_ 
tion of his wrviciu ns n railway comml 
sionor. 

Y'ollfind wnirloct^d afnllowof the Itoyal 
AftTonomicnt Society in 1S40, of the Hoyal 
Socit'ty in 1809, and a. member of the 
SocietT of Arte in 1800. He belunjied to 
other learned bodies at home and aliroad. 
He was for many years a director of the 
London and St. Kattierine's Dock Compnnv. 
His London miiidrnce won at 14 St. Sl(tpln\n"« 
Square, liii diiMl at linddpfllpy Vicnr«4(e, 
Alborstone, Warwickibire, whern be wna 
l(.>uj|R>ruri!y reBidin^, on G Sept, 18)^. and 
was buri>>tlat Kensal On«n cemetery on 8 , 
Sept. YoUaud married nt Southampton, aQj 
18 July lfM.1, F.llnn Catherine {d. 6 Nof." 
1S64), ynunKttst danahlitr of Cnptnin I'clor 
Itainior, C.B., royal navy, aide-dn-cnmp to 
Wiliinm I\', imd grand-niucu of Admiral 
PeliT Itainier [q. v.], by whom he left five 
duu);hlera and a son n lUiam, major in the 
toyal engitieer*. 

An on^nving of Volland was mado for 
tbri Hoynl Sorlnty by Illock from n photo* 
graph by -Mnuln. 

Apart from lome technical puhliL-ition*, 
uiually I ri^nomet rical, Volland wrote in 
I86J the work on 'Gvudeay and Practical 
.\ttrononi}',' f>nnin(' part of thu course of 
inntlieinnt.ics at the Royal Military Anademy 
Ht Woolwich. 

[Vi'ar OtHoB RgcordB^ Itojnl Engiticcra' K«< 
TArda. privntc ■ourcc* : Obituary Notico in 
Lnadon Tinii<» of? S«pt. IBSA; in Monihty 
KoCina of the Ruyat Avtronomical 8ocivty, *"'. 
xWu 1886: ia Bayamter Cbronide, Saptcmbce 
UftS : in FroCNdtng* of Sodaty <ir Art>. 1H8.-. ; 
Anniml K*(ti«Ier, IMfij Portar's HIhi. of Uin 
Corp* of Kuyal EnitinvBrvi Men of the Timv. 
]fl7<i: lUrorta of Eihibttiunn, 18AI and ISfi'J: 
Bonnl of Tnvio lt«pnni.] R, R. V. 

YONG. [Sim Yokuk and Y'oFJto.] 

YONO, JOHN id. 1«M), bishop of .St. 
DaridV [See Moihsak.] 



Yonge 

YONOE. [Sde dto Yoirxa.] 



3M 



Yonge 



YONOE, filAttl.Iil nUKK {I8U»- 
ISStli, n'(fiii» profi'sjMit of tnodi-rti hiitl<»ry 
ftnd KnjtIikU litfraturv in Qumu's Collcfte, 
Sct&M.wiu vlJntt HOD uf Cliarira Vou);u (J. 
ISSO), n Iowlt mutiTfT hi Et>>ii,ar)il vrtsboru 
Iheie on 80 Nov. 1811'. Ui« falhir wiw 
BTMi-greal-LTOiiHtriii of Jnmnn Yony ( 1 fl4fi- 
1721) l^q.v.]. Hi* tnotbrr mut EluubMh, 
d«u*bc«r of Jnwph )<aTd of i'mnbroki^. He 
rMMvcd liUwboolf^tJuFDtioiiat Btun.wlu-nri- 
lio went ■■ a foundalion teliolar (o Kin{;'!i 
OoUegtf, CWinh«ldg«-, in l^ti'i. Ij(<)ii'i)i]' it, 
howev«r,1iP WHS ndmill.cnl 1o Si. Mnri' null, 
Oxfiwd.'Hi IT Miiy IS-ll, nnil (rrniiinili-ii II.A. 
witt) flwl-i'lniw bonoii" inclnj»ic» in IJrwm- 

ftod doing Utenn' work iit Lundon nud clic- 
w here he v» ill 18fi<) oppoiiiled bvllitcrowu 
pror«Mi>rof bistnryfino V.ngli»blit<'rHtijr« in 
Quwii'« roll^gn, BfilfrnM, snd tli'i* chuir ho 
Md Till liin dcRih (111 :iO Saw 1891. llvtvax 
buried in Drumln-B rhutvhyord, ncnr Itrllatt. 

Vonifp mntrird. in 18.17, .Anne, diin(!htcr 
af J. V. Br>thi:'I1. bul lind nu issiii-. 

V'jnj:*' «'nh n iii'>!(. prolllle wiitiT. From 
IKI-I till liiH tlviiOi hh (leri wfi« Atitduni idle. 
Tbe fiilloirinii: In k liM nf Iii" princip*] 
worliB: 1. ' Kxprpiics for \'nnw»,' pt. i. (all 
piiblinhiHi), |i*U, 1'. 'An KuKlUb-IIfPi-k 
I^sicon,' IMli. S. 'RxiTi'i»n« in linrlc 
Pnw^ CtHnposition," 1S.W. J. ' KxrrpiiwJ in 
I.Aliii Vratf VamffifiUon,' ISTiO. B. ' Key 
to KxoreiiK'!i in Ijitin Vroac Ci'mpoaiiiun,* 
IWjl. (J. ' Ki'j to Ex(^n.-iBc* ill Gn>ek I*roin* 
CompiMtti'W \f^i>\. T. ' InirMJuciion to 
ihv Lulin ToiiWM-V 1811. 8. ' EvomplH 
Msjora Graicii,' Ik'iI . 9. ' ICxnoipla Mt^ora 
Laiina,' l>t51. 10. 'Kxmnpln UinoraGrnTO,' 
ISfiJ. li. ' Ivxrmpb Miiiiirn Laiiiui,' 1851. 
12. ' A Lutin (iruinmar." IhTiL". }S. '(ju<'^ 
tionn Bilnpli-'tl tn tli>? Elim l.iitin IjrBmnur,' 
IftW. II. -A niT!i.«i'.,lo|rical Knt:lish- 
Latin Diftionnry.' l!-A.i. Ifl. 'A History 
of England from llii> Rnr1i.*l Titn«A to tbis 
Vvttci- of I'nris,' IJ^SH. IH. ' A niclionnry 
of Kpiilinl*.' li^Sf'. 17. Tnnilli! l.ivM of 
Anpientnnd Modi-ni Hcroi^.or l-ipninlnondiui 
uid Otutuvu* .Adotphua. I'bitip uf Muci-don 
sndFwdoriek tbp Mrral.' I86(*. 18. 'Life 
of F. M. lb* 1)«V.> of W,.|liiii;ton.' ISflO, 2 
vols. Ifl. All iwiiiion of " VirgH ' wilh iiuti'i, 
1862. 20. • A Hirtory of ih.t Itritisb Navy 
from Iho Kaflicul I'l-riod to tlie Pivsont 
Time," IBIM. L'nilj. L'l. • An abridirrd ICiijf. 
li.h-Orvek Uxicon." ISftl. I'L'. ■Toylor'd 
(W. 0.) Sludpnt's Manual of Modern Ilia- 
lory,' reviwd ari'l odili^d. 1«8(J. 23. ' History 
of France iinilur ili« Bourbons,' IWNi, 
iU, ' Life Md AdmininTslion of Itob«il 



>oI.' I6«fl 
if Engrim 




Banks, MYond Earl of Liverpool,' 16 
a roU. £■*). • Thrm CentnrtM nf Englill 
Litorainre,' 1872. 2fi. 'TbnMt Craiinrw of 
Jlodrrn Mi»<orv.' 1872. 27. 'llirtnrr of 
tbr F.n(tli.li flcvoliilion of I6«8,' ifCt. 
28. 'I.ifi> of Alanc-Anloinctte, (Jorm <J 
Franeu," 1876, 2 vol*. 29. 'Tbo twreo 
HeroiiiM uf Clinitendoni,' 1878. SO. 'A 
Slivn F,n^li»)> GramiDar,' 1870. 31. 'Tit 
Conaliluiional IlUtory of Kniitand froB 
ITW lo 1860,' 186). 32. 'Ooldimi 
K»nT«. Mdrctod uid oditod,' IS82. ^. ' 
Orml Xovai C*min«nd<!ni,' IS84. 31. ' 
lecled hclltn of Horace Wnlpol.?," I 
2 void. 86. 'Uur Gr«it Military C, 
mftiid«r^' imS. ae. • Solwted EiMn bom 
i)rydnn,'')S92. He aliKt ex«cii(«d 'tatmw 
tmnalnlioDi for Ilobn'* riaancal, mli- 
igunrisn, and oeclniaalical libmriML 

[I'anonat knowlcdiM; informal ion ninU«d 
by VoBfip'j nrpbev, Mr. John H. Yonp. W«- 
ruirr; Itarkc'* Landed (i<stry, •.!■.■ Voto* g( 

pHKii"Hri T.H. 

YONOE. Sii! nEOROF, Urt. (1781- 
Ifli), BBVi-rnor of tlii- (^npe of (Jowl Tlofr, 
only mrvivinjr "on nf Sir Willinni YoBttr 
^11- T.^, \Va!|K>lc'« B«rftnry of iloto for bjj, 
n'H>i nlucated at Eloii and Leipzig. Ilu wu 
in I7M relumed lo |>utliaiDFnt hs iwmbn 
for flonllon, whicli b" oonlinuoutl^ nm- 
■imtpd ID tiuc.oni«iTti pBrliniti<-iiIii till 1794. 
Hr ii> mid In bnvc cpnni cnnnnoiig suntt Ufoo 
bi> Miniititiieney, and in an attempt lo et\ 
hWih a woollen fnPtory al Ottery St. Ma. 
From I70B to 1770 he wan on« of the I 
of tbe admimlly, from .April lo July )783b* 
WBB 'k tee-lrMaurii>r for li><Uad, was tpcrvtart 
for war from July 1782 to April 1783, and 
again from IVcenilMT ITSJt to .hilv ITW. 
and mnator of tbn oinl (Vom July ITIU to 
February I7W, wben 1ib waa nppninti-d (t^-i 
vpnior of ilie I'npo of Good Hope. Ur »■ 
numiiiBii'd B K.ll. in i7^% Ur wbh ifaui 
man of luni; ollinal t-xp<'rienot> wlwfi, 
Dtic. 175.',', b<? arrive"! at Ciipe Town ; bol' 
it wa» an experience tbat bail uo rpt^aH 
bpnrinir on tin: work ho bad iindi 
ninl hf irni probably loo old to fall 
into new lliiRi of tbouj-hl nod coadnel. 1: 
Koveriiment vrai ninrlii-d by want of 
and jiidiniiL'nl : be i[iiiirrfl]<-il witb 
Franciillundaa'q. V. '.tb'-uflic^riuoOBi&M)' 
of till- iMfrt)*, wlio** oulhority h* attMipUd 
lo usurp; tie oflVndml the old ItutHi wittli 
by incrratod 1bxi», eonlrnry, it wa» alli 
In lli» cNintulntion : be l<JI the *dmini 
lion of affaim nlmoiit miirely in tfai! 
of Mr. Blpkc, Uii priTate 'iceotvtary. __ 
I.ieulMUUit-oolouel CocVbu™. lua atinlipi 
aide-de-camp, wboee iiiilu«>nc« iuidMiK<)n 
were beliei'ed to bemarketalileconiiiiMiina 



.fOO; 



to 

I 





So Bi*^ coieplniiiu r«ncb<Ml ih« McretSTf of 
•t*l>f, Hvnry l>un(!iiii (Afli-rwnnl* ViMNiUDt 
Mi>lvill>>) [q. V.J, iliat in Jaiiimr; 1^1 n 
letipr WM wint out duvtliii^ lilm to bnnd 
the clurjic uf nlt'ain ovit 1o Qi.-ni.TnI UuiuIbs 
and to nun)! Lumu by llie lint u]>jiurluuitv. 
A IvtliT to DuudiM OT. lli» 8Jtiiii.>liiiii-i]irt>clud 
bim 14 act He gcnvnitir Till llie n>'w^iivE<rnor 
arriiiHl. Yonx' vi^liod dial. tli« cupuroM- 
aion ohoiild take plocu aftM- n i>hort dnlay, 
givinfi him time to wind up nflittn : but 
wbctbi-rin i-unswjurficu of privntt? inniruc- 
tioni from liix uiil-Il-, or rruin tivminul ill- 
ie«lui):. lluuda* iusMlnl on tW iniini-diutQ 
lraii*rvr uf tliv sutlioriiy, and iIip procliimft- 
tion iru* isjiiied witliin a f>'w lioiin nftrr iW 
vrival of ihn IrIIvti. Voiiky- tiicn applind 
t» Sir I^gi-r Curti«[q.v.] for n shi|i of wur 
to lake him to St. Hcleiin, but this Curtis 
refusvii; nuil ¥'>ni;u waa tufl, nraiUnir Bt an 
liulrl, till lie •■iklIcI tiud n paaup'. He did 
oat arriT« in England Till Towards lh» end 
of the year. 

Mranlima Ix)rd Ilolinrt, wbo bntl nuc- 
«»cdpd l>Liiidnii OS coloiiini joctetnry, bad 
writtL'ti to tht^ RL-neral de»iring bim to iend 
lioine a re(i<>rt si lo i-uriuus ubunes niiid I<i 
Uuve luken place uudi'r Yoti^'a guterniueul, 
•o that he iniulit b» abl« lojudge ' tinw far 
it rai)(!hl be ndviiutblo to inmirnTr nnonqnit^ 
ofa frry airious nntlirn ' into Y.inge'» pon- 
duct. IJiindo", on rnci-iviuji tbl», appointed 
ft canunisiion nl C«|h> l'o«-n i<i tauinine thu 
variouadiarjtei! meutiunc-diii lluburt's lellvr; 
and lliia coiuiuiiMion, sHer benriiig «M'ii]eiice, 
not, appnr«nTly, on oath, nor 8iil^ecT<i(l to 
CfMM-wtaminnlKin, nml in ibn nb>«'uri> of 
yon^ Itloki!, nnd r»i7khiim, put lli<:ir linndx 
to a report pbaixini; Itliilic- and [>[>ckbiim 
wtlli muiy and ^raiii oialpmcliciu, and 
Yon);v wiib bciiig more or lisaa cugniiiiuil of 
(hem. Wbat b1v{M Ilularl tuub on receivini; 
thia n.>pon aiv n<'t hnown. Cockbum de- 
nied ibo choiw : pnaiiblf Illake did *o Coo; 
•Jid nnilhtu' of them niNTni" lo havf bpni tried 
in an^ wnv. If nn_v'bin(t wmolllcinllv dimi- 
or ■aid to VonjjL', it did not aboib iiini. (In 
SCi July t»*lJ:; be wroie to Ilobart liial hi) 
had been pujio^ bis rt'Npecls lo tbe Itiii^ at 
WVjln.iuOi, ' I flfttXtr iiiyself/be «flid, 'the 
jiutiH'M frf your InrilHhip'ii mind will itialie 
yon litam with pirndin! ihn greciona incep- 
tion I tni-t with, aueh on wm o()nal to my 
utmott wiihcs. ... 1 found Inn Mnji'ity 
purfeutly well informed of nviTy particular 
OoneuruinK the atal« of the colony, and had 
thei happineM to be aMiirot] of his enlirL' ap- 
probation of my eondoci nnd eervices." It 
la rjuita poa*ibl« thnl. Yongn tom'^wliac ei- 
aggwatcd thv i^mciouiini-jji of bl> rdceptiin ; 
kut he could acarculy have waitnd nn the 




hiii(t or have wrilteu this lo Ilobart if lie 
bad been Tried audfoundguilty of conniving 
at a Iriiiln in hcnnacn, monopoliiTs, nnd pi>r- 
miv*ioiu lo anil alavcn in Ibncolony. A fuw 
mouth* latirr he a|[ain n'toTe to l]obart,j 
claiioinK paymeiii of hia vxpvuaea fur tlw 

f'ourney homu, for ih-s tMnuagp, diet, and 
lotrl i:hari;ni at Cnyi Town and at Si. 
llidi<uti, which aeeui to hnvx aimiunlcvl Id 
about 1,000/. It doM not apprnr ibat thia 
n'oi I'Vi'r paid bim, but be wai k'^'*'" npart* 
niL-nl* at llumploii Court, whrrv he died, at 
the age of uiRhtv-oDv, on tt St-pt. IBlit 
{Euiypnan Mai/. 'iCll.', ii. 330). Ue mar- 
ried, in trtlif, Elizulietli, daughter of Boft-j 
L-liier Clwveof Poot'aCray,but,aaheIeft na 
imue, the baronolcy became axtincl. TliA-l 
Ureat Ilonw at Colyton wna conveyed by 
the loat barnnat to Sir John du la I'oK', burl. 
Yonn aba parted with ihu mtalti Iw held 
at CoploBtoue in llusonsbire. Jlis widow 
continued to reude at llamptou Cuuil, andi 
died there on 7 .hin. 1833 {0«iil. Mag. 1833,1 
i. S2, wli>>re "be itt named .lane). Ilia por-j 
trail, pninTed by M. Brown, won rnnrnvcdl 
by IC Scott in 1790 (Dkohlkt, p. .Vi^). 

[Yieiiiii'ii Vitilalioni of DoTiiD ; Thoiil'i lliit. 
of !fiiiiilli AfriCM. ill. b'l-tiO, and EtMOnlx of tl>* 
Cnpo Culouy, rols. iii. and ir. pvaim (inilpx iu 
ral. v.> ; WoiioHJ Bnronotngo, i; Jl, ii. J33.I 

J. K. L. 
YONGE, JAMKSor JOHN (>. 1423), 
t.mnalatur, bidon^d lo au Ensli^h family l 
■ult|i?d in tliL- Irieh pale. William Yoiige, 
archdeacon of Meat h from 1407 to 1437, waJ< 

50fwibly hi* brolhec (CoTTox, Ffti Bccl. 
Id, ill. 137). Riitb.TnnicR and John Yonftn 
oceur in tbi> Iritb pnlrni and olcun rolU 
cnrly in the fifteenth epnturr. James Yonpi 
was in primn in Trim (.'oith' from January 
to Uctober 1123, liL'irig removed in iba 
latter month lo Dublin Cuslle, nnd b"<nf | 
pardoned on \(> Muy irjmrat. Hot. Pat. ct 
Citif. nllfrHU-, pp. 3.14 /,, iStl b. 2.1^ ft). A 
John Yongi? wati wrjnnnt of the. county of 
Limmek in iho rvijrn of Itii^hard II, held a 
h^niic of vnriou* Innii*. ond wnn couvicleij of 
unspreiSi'd feloniea (ift. pp. 116, l-'(<. 148). 
The IranalRtor was Bervant Iu Jamea Itiitlnr, 
fourth earl of Ormonde [■]. v.], at whose r^i 
iiiieftl, about 1433, lielranslaledinlolCnKliah ( 
tlie * Secreia Secreiorum ' atiributnl to .\ri«* J 
totl^- It w»* a book in much ni]ne>t in tha 
middle a|Ca*i nnd tranibitiona were mnde in 
the early nfteitnth century by Hocelute, 
John .Sbirloy(l30fl?-1450) [,j.v.}. Lydijat*, 
aud BuTjib. and flower uaed il in hia * (?oii-| 
fesBJo Amaulia.' Yonge'i Iranolution appeon 
to haie been loade from a I'renpli vi-raion l>y 
one Goffol of Waterfnrd ; it wn» dndicnted 
to Ormonde and is ' porhnpa tlic only lengthy 




A'onge 



3»6 



Vonge 



««tfckB«r« 



afite 



H It a mM IMS w««*T-tw« Awfi mi 

" utv, iBdfl£ng aoat of dvaewk** a>l«u 
w 14S9. 8*f«l ■■■■wriBri of it •>• 

•strat: (1) R«wUm» MS. B ISI^ lAkfc 
^« bwn jirint«>l ^7 )[r. R. SMefa im Ua 
•ttMe PiQM VoaioM of tb« StenM 
SMBtorus ■ (JSnrb Av&l r«*« Ac !««, 
B*.m«iq.): (3)U»WkM38.63S(TviR>, 
ZW. £a<3Fri .VJg& p. 144) ; ukd (3) Cu«w 
US. 8S3 ; ■ note on tU* "■*»— — 'f* is Sir 
OMtfc Cupv'i la«»dwTttia( (totet that it 
wu written io ttis tine of ReaiT V,aiid attri- 
birt«* it,ttdMatbeL*abMbnu«Md^io 
Jofan Vonm (Aoi ^ BmM. «d. Bmrcr, 
pp. 2W, 331-3) ; wha* ia ilw EUwUmoo 
atBiMcrifit H is Mcrikd to JuM* yoojN, ut 
Mcriptioa MMntMl by Mr. Sud*. Toag* 
■ppMH abotoiie tfaeavtbor of tWabrideed 
tcaubtion or Gtnldui CanibnnuaB' ■ Ex- 
pagmtw IliberniiF,' tibich jirchIm thp 
tiuiilatioD of ibe 'Secnu' in BawUaMa 
M8. B 490. 

{AatboritiM died : Ware* ■ Writen at Inlsnd. 
•iHarrii; l^nar'a ItiU. Brit.-Hib. -. Mr.StMl*'i 
^ Umdattka and notw tu hi* nlMiaa of Vaau*'* 
I bav* mt ;M >FTx*nd.] A. F. P. 



cf II«eUaad Uoamthimm a 
He ««a MpobitBl turgton to 
tha Manl ha^ital W nytBotiib at u* nU 
cf ftn ifciWwji • daj, ud in 1074 bccawt 
alw Jipt» la rg » f * ■■« n >l to Uw narr. |Tt 
yaUkkd paycn ia t£t ■ riiikaoiikiMl lyuK 
Mtiow' •■ a Ultt in tka traehaa, on tw« 
k«p fdlMgaes and im aa iiiinliml oca* 




TONOE. JAMK3 (IH8-173I>,iDedie>l 

wriHT, -on of John Vonn, laqtoaM, awl 
hi* wid' Jo«nna <1*t1'^17W>, datight«r of 
NtchnlBJiI{Ut:ki]]<!infShiin>hiiii],DeToiuhin, 
WM born Bt IItioouU) on 1 1 iUj 1616. H* 
TCI »cat lo i'ljmoath gmiasoMT wbool is 
ISM, anil ader ivo jtnn thieni m» bound 
kpprentico to SilrMteriRiclunoni) of Lirer- 
pool (pr^ftCA to l^umui), mrgtoo (0 thv 
•hip-or-wnr Conaluit WanricS. lU vraa 
appoinliM) ■Qivi'ciiiV matr to ibp ?klnnlagu«, 
onn of IjortI siuiiiwich'" floirt in thir Downn, 
and wan at ili<? inellcetunl bdmbardronat of 
AIg!«T« in 1GS3. In May of that war be 
vaa paid olT in Rngland. and ai'tpd for fonr 
monili* ai auialanl to an a|)0t1i«icarr at 
Wapning: thnn hn nMiiatpd in bis fatuvr'a 
practico till Fitbrunrf UVIS, whan b" tnado 
a Tojaca in tho Itrformnlion to Xi>wfound- 
1an<r In I1UM h» visited thi> n-ot coiut of 
Afnpa and llie Mi^diti-rraiiMin in the Bona- 
Tunlrir^ f>ii II pwond vojag", in Dpci'mbtr 
ifiiVt, ill thu *n>n« ahip, hi> «n« captuivd bv 
thi> Dutch, and wn* dninini'd ng n [iriaoti'T 
of war nl .\mit«n(Rm till Scpinmb^r IfitM, 
Do gat hack lo llvnuutli nnd pmrliutl 
then tilt Fehruaiy I1MI8. when ho mnda a 
finoJ roTS^ to Nuir found land, alW wliich 
be «»4tled in Plyumulh in S>-p[omlwT \li70, 
and «oon diil wi>ll in praclicyi. !!« inarri»d. 
Oi)S8MaKhl671,Janp,dniiKhter of Thomas 



Teaga nviad Loodoo ia IK7S. and w a 
cMolt oTa diaentaiaa tfam jntbliabed in m 
■Cam* Triimplialia « TcmbtBibov' !«• 
feticfs on tbe «ue of tnrMntioe ia lb* 
coMwIof hwaunha gc InloSSbrpnUidad 
■ Woiuda of the Briui prorad CuAhk/ a 
tnatiatbawdoBaaaeofluaowiieaMa. Bt 
WcuMnajrorofnTHoathiBiaM. lalTttr 
b* «a« (xaaiiMd and adiBttt«d lo tbe Bmbm 
of the Boral CoU*^ of PbraMHaa* of Urn- 
(ton. T^r eiaaiiattoD wbi eondactcd at tb* 
hoaM of Sir Thomaa MillinKtoa, tbo prmidtal, 
ioLiDeola't Inn F1elib,and Yoo^batUfta 
full accoaot of it, wbicii wtt prmtod in tb* 
■St. ItanholomsVa tloepttal Jooraal' far 
No<,-eBib«r 1699. Ka bad ht$an pcM(i*»d 
on tbe liociHe of tbe bii^bop ot BxM«r. Ob 
3 Not. 1702 b« WM c1ik:I«! F.R.8., aad ia 
1707 b« embaliaedUw bod; of SrCh>inii«lrT 
SbarM. He died on 3u Jnlj 1731, aad w 
baried ia tbe cbardi of St. Aadm, Plt^ 
tnoutb, wbwD his tnonuBieitt i« atiH lo w 
■em. Hia eldest con Jatam (]87X-I^42^ 
wbo marriod in 17S6 Marv, dan^hler tod 
h«ir of Jobn Upton of PualJinch. wa» enat- 
neat;«nad&tW of Charics Ihiks Vo^ 

Xon^vccrrMpondcd with .Sir nan« Sloaof, , 
andwat a Iricndof Walirr Cb&rl«tua {j}. t.\ J 
of Franci* .Attorbiirr [q. v.\ of Dr. EdwaM J 
Browne [q.r.]. of Edward Tjrma [q.T.\i>d] 
of niarl«9 Bernard [q. v.], tbe tuimov.' He 
was a ro^alisi finl, ami aAerwomt a tori, 
and piihlub^ ' Several Evidracr* * to nrorc 
that Cli»rl« T wnK« * Eikon Baiilike." Bn 
nlao piibliiJiod 'CaiiHd«Taii(in«'on the Nmt* 
fuunilland trade in 1670; ' Modicastt-r M«d>- 
catuH,' a rcplj lo Willjam. Salmon ili^- 
1713), ia [tm: and 'Sidrophcl VapaUiu' 
in llJSH). ni« iouRial, in inaniwcript, ii u 
the libnuy of ibe Plymouth tiuiitntiae. 

[EdiobaTsh Mei)i«al and Saqt^l Jouaal 
IS4», T0I. Tzii.; Hunk's CulL of njt,a.i. 
Xaniiao Moorr'x t^cluru on Prineiplw aol 
Pnutioe of Htdiciae, .'it. Battbolonow's U«» 

6ifnl Jaamal. November. IC9P; Works; B.!'. 
North's Hist, of PlymoDth. *il. IMO. jwai*: 
Biirkt's Laadsd Oeotij: BnU Mu. Cat. %t. 
• Yonng/J N. U. 

YONOK, JAMES (17W-1870), j*ji»- 
irian, n dirort deewndaiit of Jaiaes lonA 
(1643-172!) [.J. v.], was fourtli aon of D^ 



I 



J 




Yonge 



3^7 



Yonge 



ToMO, Ticu of Otterton, Derflniliire, uid 
k)awifeCaUieri»a,(laiiKhli>rorThoinaiiCraw- 
Itty-Boerej of FUsl^fy Abbry OlDui*«isr- 
•bin. H«wubom in IM'oiiBbiK iu 17&t, 
asil educalMl M l-tnn iui<I KxHt»r Cotl^, 
OifoKl, whwft h« jrmdunled U.A.oBl3M«y 
1*15, M.A. onSL'Oct. If*ir, M-H. onS June 
1819, and M.U, on IM June 1»21. 11^ wm 
«l«Ctod k IVllow of Iho Collfffn of Plijulcinas 
of Loodon on SO Sept. 1^23, pnuTtianl in 
nvnoutb. was tibvRician to Ibo Dcvonniiini 
and Cumwtll iloi>|nta1, nnd wits fur maui' 
j«tn 00* of ttiu rliki' (ihysii-'innH of l!i(< 
went of England. Itc murrit^ his cc>ii4iii, 
Mftrgu«l, dftugblor of Sir ThooiftB Oniwl«j- 
Boi;V4>jr, bort. He died on S Jan. 1870. 

[Muak'*Coll.«rPli7« iii 36S; Burkc'n Uniinl 
0*iilry, (.v. ' Yon^ uf I'uirliiu'h ; ' Hurko'i Vict- 
aga and BkiuaiU^c, s.t. ' BofTp/.'J N, M. 

■ YONOK, JOUN (1467-1816). mnstw of 
^hc rolla and diplorostifil, wax bom in 1167 
at Ileyford in l.l*ffir<!aliir<'. The oiiinor of 
Hevfoiilwasfrivpn by Willinm of Wyki-hum 
lo N'cw Oi>lli'B», Oiford. Bs part of ils tn- 
dovraent. lori)te w« admiitt-d to Win- 
cbMiUr Coltcfco w vclialar iu 1478, and b«- 
cane Mholar of Npw College and D.C.l.. 
He «-»■ fi-Uow of New College from 148B 
to lltlMr when on 1& Aug. lie was giri'up.ntcd 
1» tlu coDV<int nf Abingijon In tkn church 
ofSl. Martin's, Oxfotrf, On 17 .March 1G02 
tw w»B admitiwl rector of Kt, Sit^ihitn'*, 
Walbrooli (H*y. Land. Illll, f. 4'i), and on 
38 Jan. llVKt wa« commiasioned bv the arch- 
bjsbop of Canterbtuy aa jud^e of the court 
of prvTOgaliTefl for the dioMiae of Cauterburr 
{Rey. Cant. Warhaia. f. 6d). On W March 
1601 li« was collated to the church of St. 
Uan-le-Ilow bv Archbishop Warham, and 
ll*1d th«i livioif till 13 Mar 15U (A. tl. SS$- 
M4). 

On 4 Auff. 1504 Yonge vnu eommtHioned, 
togelber Willi John Taylor (rf. 1534) [u. v.], 
Jtobeit Hydon, eterk of the council, John 
Clerk, Kovernorof the English merclisnl* in 
FUndm«,and two others.to concliiile n t n>nty 
of Biercanlil" alliancp with I'hilin, nrclidiikQ 
of Aiialria(l{rHrit,xiii. I(XS). ll« wniinext 
■mployrd U> lake the oath* in tlio Low 
Countricj of penona nominated hyi^e treaty 
of 'X MaTcb 1606 to swear aa to the ainouut 
and payment of the dowry and poutiouof the 
Atdiducbtfls Marsaret of Sflvmy, wlio waa 
aSaaced to Renrf Vll \i6. xiii. 1-27. 146. )R4, 
16ft). He WMiasarnward f.irlhriuisftmcM, 
miwd to Ihn otiicn if nia.<ii^r of tho rolls bv 
nenry VII on L'3 Jan. lfi07-S(Jfe(.^S Hen. 
VII, pt. ii. M. ?}. newascommt«aion«din 
_jNly IMS lo go wilb Sir 'Diuiiiaa Rrandon 
I.v.}onanembaa^to(l>«einp«ror(AxDitB4», 



Hut. ofHfn. r//,Rolli-Ser.p. 136). Later 
iu the name y«Ar b(< «ras awocialt^d wilb 
Wolsey in the confprcncwt pri-juirntory to 
the treaty of Combmy. Wolwv in a letter to 
Henry VII »oys: 'Thelairt d»y of October, 
in thn town of Antwerp, your ambanudor 

miuiliir of the rotU began Cya o»cioii, which 
wan uttered and pranoun^ fery wel nnd 
drarvnctly with good spryt and bolnras' 
(Ut't'n, S(t., af Ikt Jttvjn nf HieAarrl HI 
and Iltniy Yll, lloUs Ser. i. 415). Henry 
VH in his win, dated 10 .\pril 1509, named 
Von^e one of hi« seven ruecutOTB. 

Henry Vll) on his accetaion conllrmml 
Yonf^'a apjioinlmuut as master of the roll* 
by a patent dated 1 1 June 1609, by which he 
was L'runled 'the honae of thn convnrt.i" to 
dwell in, and a tunofQajtoon wine annuallT, 
with other privilegnu ( JVif, lien. VIH. pt. (i. 
M. 6). The new kinjt alio cnricho! hinn 
with further eccteuaxtical preferment*. On 
28 Nov. l.ill he wBB mudo preb-'Uilnry of 
Holbom in St. Paul's Cathedral, but re- 
signed it on the following 1 1 l-'oh. in oriler 
to take up iho Iwltcr prohcnd of Nnwinnton 
nUg. Load. FitfjaiUM, IT. 31 d. •■i2). On 
16 Dec. 1512 ho was appointed dean uf the 
pollegiato church of St. Mary's, Leiwrnler 
I Pat. 4 Hen. VIII, pt. i. M. 20); and on 
l6 .Inly next li« was presented by thn abbot 
and convent of lianisej to the chnrrh of 
Therfi(!ld in Hertfordshire, which lie held till 
hi* death (Cr«AJf«, Iftrl/ontfhirr, i. 126). 

lleiiTT Vni also employed him on fre- 
qiient dintomatic minnimii. In 1511,aflrT 
the diuolution of the leajpie of Canibray, 
Henry in July sent him * on a monitory nn- 
faawagu to Xiouift, reijuiriug him to desist from 
the war againsl the popei' a demand which 
Louis dtwiwarditd. Wolmy, who formed a low 
opinion of Yongfi's conduel of this mitaon, 
wmte to Fox, biihop of Wincborter ; ' Never 
had man wor»e cheer than he in France, and 
that hu hud dune nolhiiij,' touching the niatl«T 
wherewith he WBS oha^gtd* (FlDDEn, ''''/c <>/ 
WvUey, 0. 70), While on this embiwy he 
was paid twenty shillingv a day. In consc* 
qnenco of l>oiiii>'« refuml, llcnry dcclareil 
war. 

UuTMig the pT<«mui of the nnfortunato 
campaign Yonge, Sir Edward Poynimrstq. v.] 
and Sir rhninaH Boleyn were sent to Itmwoll 
oaDmbaKsadonlowin theajlianceof ihr Km- 
peror Maximilian, T!i«y earrind on the nego- 
tiations with the cnipRmr and bin daughter 
Miirffiirv't in pirniin from June to September, 
hut SinximiliFin nroidi'd giving any de6nit« 
promiMi. Yonge returned home, landing at 
Itorer on SOSepL; but on 20 Dec. ho wn« 
again commistioned with I'oyning*, lloleyn, 



Yoi^ 



Vongc 




MIS iW Mr I 

ii n mtr r ^ ■'■- Mlbif k 



Tan, uSVi^fab h^ M HteRw «ftk 
ifa hUWi—gt of ik* M«». r«aac «M 
MM ^M 0* ■ ftadi mUm ta hnbr ikc 
■—■■■J awrait* h«(«M« Priaw ChuW, 
irfbmnl* CIuIm V— tk«M4^ of Xui- 
■iGia «m1 Fwfia— J ■■■ l^ncM* Sbrr, 
Bamj** liMrr. 

IW jMT l-^U bra«ki Ya«E« fimbr 
rtdMMilinl anteBrnto: oa ao Hanfc W 
«M >mc«atM wcMT of ^ HigSM Hattjt 
in l>Mdoii (Jby. £ai^ fitigtmm, t. SOJt; 
(MSABiil pNlMidanr of Aprthorpa in Yotfc 
Cnibwm], vkidi oCm be wi pied on lu* 
•fpoiKtawst cm 17 lU^ m dm «f York. 
HooMdnif WuImj on bu pMDotiea lo the 
buhopfie nf linoolD : uid tm IS Sept. fas 
fcwiMi pMbaadaiy of Ili^iior^ is VoA 
CkthadnL flo had bIm apparcBtlj beoi 
boldisE lor (oine limp prcTimuIr tbr tirinn 
nf Kt. Polerof Sflliwmd witb tte i:h*{>clAf 
8t. L«oaan1 of Ilj^tbc, ma be miffned it 
on SS July ill thit yen{Hrs.Ciatl,VfuiMa. 
1. BU) ; ilictv t« no ncoM of ki« pvMeotm- 
lion to lliiT liTinH. bul hi> (roma |o hav« riie- 
eMd«(1 ilnnry Kiliflll, who brcaniB provofC 
nr WinfhBm CoWtiM in Jnlj 14S7 {Ardi. 
t.'antitnui, sviit. 42o)l 

On (tio ■cnwaiuii of Prancis I in lliln, the 
arcliltiib'ifi of York, Ibu Uuki- uf Xoriblk, 
■ hr tiifbnpdf WincbMlor, anil Jolin Yoofiw 
wvr* cnrniniMi'-nm) tn rMinv ilii- pvMro with 
liim. Vonif'o Iml |>o1lt!cnl mimion look him 
lo 'J'oiinrnj', wbi'DCn ho nliil tiii collrnguci 
rnrriiid on nii n^toimivu corrL'«pi>inI>-np« with 
ll<-nry rliiriiiK A<i|rii«t tiinl Scpti-inlMTf li'ilii 
&• 111 ilic bi'it. mi'nni of piioLf)'iTif; ntid te- 
ourin^t tbi' lu«'n. Vunf^r'n hf^ulth wait uuw 
bpftinniiijl tu fnil, unil ibo liiiiif fuvv liim 
Imi'U, in a loltor of 13 Aiik-. In retiini bnnir 
'nil uroiiiint of «icknoN>,' hut \w rceolvpd 
lo ' wnit. n lirtli' limp lo Dm mntlnrii w«l1 
lowiiTfl* n roiirlmion.' 

llnlnft forKnaliinJ cm 1" Sept. nnditwinK 
lAfBiliuff bvnitlihr nwienttl iht-church ofSt, 
Ma|rnu*Mnn}T mi 111 Nov. (/f»y. /^■nd. i'hf 
JMdm, f. 01}. Ho (liril in Lnnilou nf llie 
aire* ting welnifM on 2& Apnl ICIO. In bis 



X II ij— da— iw^«rtiidMifc 

HlpMa«« 17 It^.WliA toAwHilj 
W^^^ • g«U Mk-^adv, a » Bulling tn 

(MM, Md ta WwJUm MB lik o^lS 
HU. t» Mkn n ■«« oMiait It 1^12 
ah ufaMM J ikat ■ Miaw QiMBf tfalto* 
bi |A«it » i n a—d MM* Uk. wkkk I lKt« 
n^ iB ^"V^ witkon nn ■■•« «( m- 
tftia^' Bn«n* Wrird Ml OnMk «!. 
-*-Y- ffill- r^fl -hm a ■mmiihiiI hi 
wnmi Iri taw Wniin^ hii H«wiliini ■llijj. 
—d n mM* |1i m 1 n« tW wmP with a hH 




In ifitn anu hOT Gil W atin round lim 
fcrt fa inttil i ; nawMui tntiunUbiHk) 
of DMaGilK nwl n *pw raoMmgM'tf 
to 0«e cd' tlw (bnmvt ef 
be «B* nieOBKRW nemo, 
•ad it «M in nwagniiinn od* ib» uai as 
1 Jan.IS» Emmm «Micni<d lui 'V\> 
tnnU C b a wainwii dr twmdn boma ralr- 
t ndi— f r a t i p« a 'tobi»n a« n arw ;«ar'i gift. 

tAaikant<mMialWu>t~atK>Kirby'i 
A^ i > SAohn; I^ndovn* Ms. 978, f 
Wood's AUmo* 0»n.: La Xtn't F» 

Aatl.,- I>itl«n idJ I^tga-n, For. aad 
HnrrVIIh IlirWn'* Uit. it BcnrrTnil, 
SjBR'i Fttdcn: Kaitrtit'* Lifsuf CotM n< LA 
ofEraaiDai: CiiLof8tiU> Papn. tlaf^aJarf 
Spus; Bnwn'vHui.of Bmy Vlil.l 

E. L.a 

YOKOE, JOHN (I4es-I536),faidiaf «f 
Calli^li born at N«wtoa LonjtTtlk Ja 
DnckinghnBuluTe in 1463, mtend VTin- 
chMterun icbolar in 1'1'4. at ih« wvrf 
«lcv«n, and obtniiifd n Kholanbip ktl(«« 
CoIUftr.niford.in 14a0^beeoniinea ftikimet 
llivdoUt^in I4SS. tIeM*tB«Ii>hnrcb«*nia 
rwidirnce IJII 1 109, %aA in ]fiO-J nwignnd lii* 

I fellowship, nbich waa fillcxl up on d Ajiil 
oflliBt j«ar. Hb bMatno uboiit (liii (inu 

^ iloctor M diritiity, but nol — aa Wood acd 
othnv Hale — nvUir of St. Marlia'*, I 
ni it WM to his namnrnkti, John 
(1<»;T 1S16) [q. T.], nfterwBi^ 

' till! rolU. that Ui« )irin|t wn* (pran. 

j .ARlt Icafinn Oxford ho wn« amMinb 

rn'torufAll ilallovf,Uciii(rT Laiiir,Loo6 
The appointinviit lii nol enlctvd on tW 
bi^liop'a Kgtetem; he raaignvd ihv liiiiv ca 
.10 Oct. IMO (J?^, jAMd. fli^anw*. f. S3). 
On \r> 8fpi. previoiuljr h« wa* noiu- 
nnlrd mait«!r or wardpn of Iho bmpital of 
'Ht. Thoma* of Aco«i in th<?Ciirap, liondon' 
(tA. f. IS), llu lAaAat bad bmi loft In the 
prctideiit and conrent to Itichinl Fii^nm 
iq. v.], biiliop of London. Iho bitibo*'' 
HFlvctiun of Yoiitfv waa fully justified b; I _ 
leiil on bohalf ortbe hoepiul. Tie fovndi 
on his aocMuOtt in d«bt lo tba UDonU < 





Yonge 



3*9 



\'onge 



716/. 17*. 61«r., but by llie end of eJgbt 
fear* h« bM ralw^ sniHcii^t monary not 
only to ditdiMgw ili« <Uibt, bui sIm to wrj 
out iMCMMr; mpain at th>> mtiditionnl com of 
M»l/.U.10i(/. hitlipwill -dmtd ISAUR. 
I5I0 — of Kdnard lludlcy Jq. v.', exfcnW 
fortivwoiiiYuiisi! wiu Hp[>oiutrd juiiillyivilti 
tba bisbop of Loniion, Doctor CoV< , and Sir 
Andrew Windwr to b&ve tli« guiding of 
Pmllnj'ii MR Jeromv, till twenty-tvo ywn 
of Bfcr, and in furtfaomnce at ibia cjiargl* bo 
and bin civlrustew in loU obtaiord from 
thu king ibr ;^nt of Uudky'* |[cN>d« and 
chatlcU {Lettrrt and I'ttpert of Henry VtH, 
t. V2\-2,!A'1~). A bullufU'oX.nowirt lliv 
DriiiAb Miici'iim, ncid dali^ ii* Feb. ISI-'j, 
oonfcrml on him, a* miulir of Si. Thnmaa of 
Aeon, ibo power to grant indu1t!»nciw. 

Yoojto neceptf^, n.(\vr raucli hciitalioo, 
tbo Il^o[Io^«l majp in 1.^13 bv Itichord 
Fiujftnit-*, bishop of Londou, to bwoiutr liiA 
ftuftJragan. Wt fiually dw^idail to aotvjit tbe 
oIBm ia ord^r \i> obtsiu for lb« MerMra 
Company Thn ritrtil of :i|ipninTin{f ihe ma*t«r 
of the hospital in fiitiirv, for wbicb hn aUo 
obtauied ■ pn|ial biilt. He ia (aid by 
Wood to bars owed the proinotiaii to hi* 
frieudsliip with Cardinal Wobey. The 
biahop of Iri)udi>ii HUcordingly eonMmtvd 
hitn in ihn chnrcb of St- Tbrttnas of Acriii on 
13 June 1513 nt miirntKan hi>iho[i, iiiidir ibti 
titlo of liUhop of I'nllijioli in Tlimci', for 
Tvhicb ho mnde profcuion of obfdiEiioir to 
tlut urdibinhop of IlL-riiftiu*. bin titular 
SupVrioT {l{tg. Liinii. P'itujaniw. f- -til. 
lit* reiipniiaibililit^ a« fuSVa^'sii uiunl hart- 
hfi-n loivi'ly increawd by Bi«hop I-'iit- 
jamn*'* blindnitM. [lo wan nlntady on 
'M Jan. 1513 miulA vicar of St. Cbrlitophcr 
leStocka, but iTiijincd I.bclivitiiron 2^.^pril 
new voar, having sucteedi'd WiUiain Horwry 
on 'iH Miin'b i[i lb>> arcbilvacuiiTT of ly^iiidoii 
(a. f. 4!l<A.M,.*Af./). Ou Vliutw l.-.lSlbi- 
was r|pct«d prior of tb^ Aii^ustinian priory 
ofSbulbrvl in Khmpi (fi-^.f^'Ai'r.C.f. 2ftf/l. 
and apparently viiiii^d it In hn inttnl!<!il. 
II« ofalain^d o KnMf of land for thi! priory, 
but cannot havf rmidc-d ther« often, ■■ lie 
was cuii(<l:iiitly in London during Lii iJiort 
nil* ot-tt llie tjouH-, which tcrniimitvd ou 
21 Mawhl.Wl (Ri'j. Chir.Q. f, 4('). Ac- 
cording to Wood III' nMiinteil lh>» blfhop of 
Idiicoln in ITiSI) to dmw up thn privilninM 
which Henry V 111 jjrnntcd tn tho univrrnity 
of Oxford two vpnri Inter. Hn took up hi» 
pMiBBncnt rvtiidi-uc<?at Oxford in lu^l, Uu 
z3 April l&Jl be l>w.'auii^ warden of New 
Ci>ltn|p>, Oxfon]. lie wan given tin* Using 
of CoVnin in Wiltsbife on 14 Nov, l-lil 
(ffey. Cant. Warbani, f. .109 rf), and was 
alia doui of Chicbc'Stai', an appointnicnt 



which be may have oi<«<d to the frieodxbipof 
Bi«Lup Robert .Slifrbumc [>). v.^, birawlf a 
former f<*Ilow of N«w Coll(-<«. Ho died at 
Nxw CoIlxKP, Oxford, on ^8 March ia:>6, 
bcin^ burii'd in the colli^ cba(id. wbcre a 
braia, rppr»<^nting him in the httbit of a 
hiihup, vta ptncrd in hin momory. J 

Much ciiufiiBioii bii4 been mad* bvlwmU 
bit curver and Ibst of two of his oooleoi- 
porarii-* of tlii< annic nain<-. All ihfM wer« 
■cbolnm of WinchititpT and follow* of Ne 
('ollrgo ( John Vonj[iT, miuter of Ilu- roUi, i 
notici^d nrpiirotely. uud iha other was pn 
bobly a rvfalite of ^\\v bishop uf Callipuli 
he was born at Newtnn Loiigville, «nt#redl 
WiiicbcMer m a wbolnr iu !'i06, and waa 
made fellow of N«w CoIIm^o in IISI^, nod 
b«iciiin« tvctor of Xewton LongviLI* about 
1S2R. 

(Aulhorilimas in Tfit- alio Wuia]'* Atbrnio 
Oi<m. ii. 7S7. and ili»tary auil .Intiquitin of rtz- 
fotd ; Kifliy'ii WiHchmier Seholara ; Wnlney* 
lliHl, of Ills ltnFr;riiii1 of ^l, ThoniHH of Amn; 
Lc X«ife» I'n>ti l'>i-l. .Itiiil. : Liiu"di)irn« MS. 
5171). S. ir. ; Lfltori and I'litlun, I'un-ipn and,] 
Doni., tif llonry V'lll ; EI.>iiic;U'» Monunirnlal . 
BriOf] P.. L. C. 

YONOE. NirilOI..\S (rf. 1619i, lauai- 
cian, wn,« almokt cPTlninly the NichoIa»j 
VoiinK who wn» one of thi- ainiting-incn oB 
St. i'nul's Calhedrul in the latter part of 
the lixtcuulh century, lie waa born al 
L«w(<9, :>u4Bex i h'\» tiiotber'« name waa 
Bray. II« settled in ihi' pnrinh of St. 
Miclineli, Comliill, and trvRrnl nf htn nino 
(^hildivn remained thnri', their dcorcndnnt* 
bring traniwibli! for n ewilury after hi* 
death. Yonge garu daily niuaiciil pcrfor- 
mancpB in bin house, whicu were much fre- 
quented by ' gviitltimMn and luerchaotd of 
good acotupt :' and about l'i83 n pi-ntlfi- 
uian whom Yiingn cnlli a * coiinai'Ilor of 
wtati",' tmnilafnd mnny of the lliilian 
inndripiU performed there. After th« np»J 
pearnnco ai the limt KngUih mudrignht 
printed, the ' t'sHlin«vi, Suneti, aiid >^nga 
of Sadness and Pietie,' by William Itynl 
\i\. v.], Yc'iige publi»bi>d some of ih[> irant-J 
latcd work* under the title of ■Muaict' 
TrniiMlpina, IklnilrignU'i, tmnilatnd of foiire, 
Are, and «ii nnrl», eboien out of diver* 
excellent vVuihont, with the lint and 
iie«oiid pnrt of " I,u Verginella." madi' b» | 
llniater Ityrilupun tiro gtanl'iof " Arii.Ato, 
and brought to speah Riiglitb with tho 
refct.' The dwlicftiion to (Jilhnrt Talbot 
{afterwartls wvpnlli ICnrI of Shn-wshury) 
[q, v.] ia dated 1 Way Io8S. No nfiTulor 
music had preriouily been printed in liiijt- 
land, except the feebhi Bongs publi«hud in 

1671 by Thomaa Whithorne [q. v.], wd 




■Mini; "tMl 







SS,1»,1U). 0« M Sept. 1435 1m 

' i» fv&uMst for BfiH«l. bunp ik- 
' -WWr. M • WWOt or.' Hewurr- 
■ .11 — tW !■■■ ( aanilMiu tj on 17 Dre. 
lta8,6Jmm. lUI-S, 31 Ju. 1446-r, ^ Ju. 
1««»-S^ S8 OB. 14*9, uvd 5 (id. IMC. 
Dl'MWlwM,lik» MOrtciftWtrmdimrnwtw, 
T«U« ia ijwjrtHLi. ■•« in J«m 140 



I 

I 
I 



ItalM 

«f bMk 
iIm 

r«^&s^''lBDOL 
Ti 1^ iiiiilwl rflfllMhM llrihii [■ I ' ai 
tfe )l«te SckDol, OdM, W i* mMntol 
keUiw • mlaw Itnmti *Umiim Th»- 

erlHi rfhioa in tecfc bat i^Mdonlj 
MX « Uw tiglgr o*» Mcee*. Soaa of tlw 

p "t*** nf* in OupituU a ' La Mn>n 3Aadfi* 
■■lii'iniiniillin'i'l jiirafi imllii "iiii|i 
feoob of Uw EUnbcUHUt Ag»: ' utd cIlp wlicle 
IcM of the Cnt mUedMn wh uKlnded in 
Atfcn'i'EDglultOantr.'ml.iiL 

Yo^eVviU u d*t<d 19 Oct. 1619: and 
k* WM buTMd Bt St. Miebad'*, Coralull, on 
tb» 9Snl. nia wife Jww pmwl tW will 
on IS Not. 

(roas«-| i« hl iMti»n>. in tb« BiiuA Xonn 
UbwT 1 VUtathn of London, i. ff T. aod B«. 
if ft. Mirbid'i. ConUn. la Rarlei-a Sotittft 

CibliMlioM; Gro**'* Dirt, of Maiw ud 
MicbMil. l>l.(ia.aadiT.«U; RiartMlta 
BtUkdw* JUdrigabuia. Bwnay. ifaooch 
■■■wdiag yoap'* DrK dodkation, ip— ta of 
liini ••■ IflodoB DBRhast, • niauk* tofitd bj 
Mt«ral vriicra.] B. D. 

YONaE,TnoMAS(l4IM*-147«Xiiidgn, 
born about UIVi, wm nliJer Mm of Tnona* 
Yonn (rf. 14^), who wu maTor of Briatol 
bl 1411, and Kpiwnln] Kriilcd in {mrtia- 
■•■t in 1413-14. Ili> yuunfri^ btotbnr, Sir 
John Vooj^, Mtilod in l^oiidon, repnaant- 
tn^ tho dty in parUaoieat and beooninc 
ah«rl(r in 14^% and lord mayor in 1406. 
Bcins. lik" lu* brolhnr, a >lmR|; Vnrldn, ho 
waa lciu{[lit«d by Kdwanl IV nfli-r hi< rcsto- 
ratJon U> the ifaronc ca 20 Mar 1171 (Wabk- 
WORTH, CArvn. p. 81), 

Thomajt Yong« r«ceived a legal education 
•tthn Middle Teiuple,anil from 1430 onwards 
hia noma (hv^iuntly oecors in the TMr-booke. 
Probably aUo ha waa th«i Thoma* Vongi> who 
WB« oouniwl for tho city of l{xntnr in 1447 
(SmLLIXOFOHn, Iiftltr; Cantiirn tSoc pji. 



„ Umantf by |nnimliin 

a l»f iiion 6«B hi* eooatitanii 
that ihr Ihikp or Vorh ihedd 

k*ir to the tlnnan^ Thia ww 

nttnck npoa the Dnk«of SonatM. 




waa diaaolrad, nnd Yo^e ww 
eaawtled lo ihr Twtr. Hv wu nlrMil 
in AftQ I4A3, on thr pwaeml pntdon itaned 
•ftav the tmmfonxf rrconciliatioB of ^ 
two prtJM. Un 7 July 1455 Yown «M 
oane Mon elected for BriMol, and io AanaiT 
ItCScUandtcdnaa for hi* nmat andii»- 
[If iannini nt, fmtnding Wat cmmnona in l«i 
fetoion ihia all uMfobera ■ onsbt to hn*c 
lUr fipwdon to apnh nnd •*▼ in ttn booM 
at thair •Memhly aa to tbr^n >« iboughl 
co n Te ni ^t or itnwnaMij withoai any naaa«r 
tt cballenge, dhnq^ or ponition rhmtee 
lo be bid to ihetn in any wise ' (Rat. PtrL 
T. 897: »n!vm, Omtt. Bit, iii. IfiSi 171, 
493; IUhmt, Inme^Jter ntd York, u. 119, 
1&1,191). The MUBKOM HBt Uplhr biUlO 
the Iiird*, and the khu ord^nnd that lh« 
Iccdi of tbe conndl ahouM prorido a rfear^f : 
bat no fnitber prooeodtnss in tha nalta- 
trt rMorded. 

Yong« was naionlly iiot rWted to iW 
LniMaMriaai pariianent which bw« at 0»- 
Tantiy, a cnnoua nd^lisbt on (h« di*iMn 
of parties being nflbrded by tike bet that 
two * gencroai oe natiTiuie ' taka the ^Lm> 
oftbeiuual'memtonw'in the paptoati'- 
tienof BitMaL He was, bawerer. ntmntd 
for Olone o acew h iw on lA S«p^ 1400 to th« 
parliamnii whi«h roTrrnwd the pramedinc* 
at C-avcnlrv. He probablT alao eat ut£a 
parUanenU of 1461 nnd 14a»-3, tberrtona 
lor whiob are loct, and tht! trinmbh Ol hi* 
partv under Edward IV acnund Yonge 
Bocl) kdminiftrative employment and legal 
promation. On 7 No*. 146S be wa« t^ 
pointed M^aant-at-Iaw, and king'a wrlMar 
on the following day.and in NonmbKrllfl? 
he WBJi railed to the bmcb aa joatice of tbe 
common plaaa. Ue waa not, bowenv, n- 
mured irhen Hriirr ^'1 was restortd in Oc- 
tober 1470, but Irjsl hit poaitiua dnrinftth* j 
pouliiij ry^arrnns^mirni of tho iudia*I^|fl| 
when Rdnard Iv nvainfd hU tnrme **^^| 
montha Utor, though 1» ww nxnmptod 6am ' 
the operation of tlir Art of lt««ninipiioii in 
1473-3. Un 39 Oct. 1475, in cpito of kn 




Yonge 



33' 



Yonge 



ftdvftncod tjce, bo wiu ■npointitl a jiutioe of 
tli« king** \kdiA. Uv ttitil in iha following 
Tear, sad VM buried in C'brist Churcb, Lnn- 
amx. Jotm Tnosw (1407 ?-\f>l<i) [u.v.\ tho 
■DMter of th« rolli^ i> dixiliifiilly Mid toii>r« 
bean his fOn, aad Wnltcr Ynngr [q. v. ] thtt 
diarUt to havo bni-n dtucntidcil from him 
(BcHit*, Eztinrt Jtarfmetcinn but ef. 
Vrru)!, Tirt. (/ Dermt, 1895, p. 810). 

IKol, Fill.; C«L BoU Pm. ; Cnl. Piit»n[ 
Itolli, llAl^T, lUAsiid 1 PaBtOD LfUvn, wl. 
Gaicdncr; WiUinni Worcwrtor (Roll* Ser.); 
INaij r>r Wnliar Yon|p (Oatndon Sm.), rnf.: 
Lialaf ^^livnffH, 1898, p. SOS: Off: R«i. M*in- 
liATB af Pari. ; Sryvr** Mrmoin uf Ilrlilol ; 
Hont'ii Btiiiiol. pp. «». or_3 : Burkf'i Extinct 
BRroiiflrira; RlubMi Const. Iliit. ; Forltumo'i 
OorgnnnM "f KdjIhikI. cd, Pliinimar, pp. J'l, 
44. ai; lUnmnv'iiLiiicaiitcr and York.) 

A. F. P. 

YONQE, WALTER (IWI ?-l«4B), din- 
rin, horn about 1581, wb« luicond win irnd 
bnir of JohD Yon^ (rf. 1613) of C'dlyton, 
Derontbin, by hi« wifi-, Alit'o Stairo or 
Stofv. He in Buid to hnvc bcrn dcBDuiinIei] 
tnm ITiomaa Vongw (140o?^U7«> [q, v.]; 
hi> bUier was a prominent. raercUnnt. nf 
Lyniro ltw*> *iid l><u> benn idpntilicd vith 
tlMJolui\ong«whodndit-at«li»tju(vnI''ltER.- 
batiia'DiacounM)' advocatinfc thr pitnblisb- 
taMitof a 'banlc of mom^v' (IlKRS.kRU, Cat. 
MS& Aitfflitr, i. 709; Sbtfn and Querim, 
l«t aer. sL ^J4, 331). Waller Yoiijie liv^i] 
dafing big father'* I ifcliini- nl Kppnr llelinnfi, 
DevOHbiroi hut hU rldnr brothnr, John, 
bnvinc died wii.hout iuui< in 15:^, be nie- 
cccdcd OD hi* fnlhur'a dralh to tb<^ fniuilj' 
property at Colyton. IK- matriculated from 
Nfi^atvnCoUt^K''. Oxford, uu ID Aiiril IfiUO, 
aKi-il 18, but li'ft tbu iiiiiveMily without a 
degree, and in 1000 na« silmitlml a alndftnt 
of llw Hiddin Temple. Ilir wiu cnllrd to 
tlMib*r,bnt, if hftprnoliinl.hnmadcnnmark 
in bin ]irof<'ji*i'>ii. I !■■ took an active part in 
local alTaini, nru for taany jmn iuttice of 
tlie peace in Devoiiabirc, and verved nAsherlQ* 
in 10^. In IU40acummilt«eof the Hoiiite 
of Coanmons baring reported Ilonilon aaonc 
of ibe hoTOUgbH that hud formerly sent. 
■IMnhnn of prirlinmcnt but hnd dltoonltnued 
doing so, YooHc, whn br'lonjrT-d to tbc puritan 
Darty, wm cWted mi-mhrr for Itoniton. 
Soon afler thv oulbn-nk of thu civil war he 
was appointed une of the lictuallera of The 
tMYT, and was acting as such a« late ns 
19 Oct. 1M8 (Oil. Stittt Pnprm. Dora. 1(544 

K3.'>»,I64&-Rr. a08). According to ImIit 
1 wan onn of thn tnembrr* stwluded on 
6 Dor. followinK. but hii name docui not 
occur in Itiiihworlb's li»t {CoUecfioni, iv. 
a. I36u). lie died in December 1010, and 



wras buried at Coljlon on the JSih. By bis 
wife Jane, liniightcr of Sir John and niica 
of Sir Willinm Pi-rviun [q. t,1, Yonge waM 
father of Sir John Vongi- (IflOS-lWS), wbo-J 
wa« ono of tbr wrnibers aeolu'b'd br Crom- 
well, was crcnled a buroncl m the Itertom- 
tion. and by his wifu ICIiuibi^tih, dnugbter 
of Sir Wilhsm Strode, was anceiior of Sir 
William Yonge [q. v.] 

Vonew'a only publi>bi!d work was 'A 
MnnuiU, or a Ju.»tice of the Peace hi§ Vad»- 
Mocnin,' London, ltd-', \itoo, which tra* | 
wilttrijed and n-publiBbeil by Samuel Itlnek- 
onibv in 1711. But be wn* an inTetirmto 
dianst ; his earliest dinry bigin." in l'»l, 
and hi§ latest goMdonn to Idifi; the cnrtieiil 
portion, extending from 1<H>1 to Itil'T, vaa 
editnd in IftlS by ilr. Ueorgu Roberts froaii 
ft mnnufnipt in hiiposseiislon forlbe Cnmditn ', 
Society. Tbu inunuscript is now llritiih 
MuFMiuniAddit.MS.2»'0:t2,biittbi»i»tbrli'riit 
inlerenliug ponii'ti nf Vonge'it diaries; tbo 
mo*t vnluble by far is the ifittcy of the pro- 
Ci-eding« of ibfi l.oiig pnrliament, vrhioii be 
br^n on 19 IVpt, IWl', and eonliuued till 
lODer. I6ir>. Thin ineitonl in four votumeaj 
ill the Rrllish MiiEWum (Addil. MSS. 18777- 
1S7W'); the Toliiines lire verj- (imilnr 
uiud<^rii repwrlen'' uotebooUs, and by tneani-l 
of a niimher of »horthniid eontraclions, at 
whifli Yonge giifx a lint nt the beginning 
of ibi firit volume, bo wna able l'> tsico 
dciwn the mibiinnce of upeeohee as they wm« 
duliiered. Tbeiciolumes were unknown to 
the editor of Youge's ' Diary,' which th*^ 
grvatly surpass a* a contemporary record • 
event*. 

Yonge in also conjectured to have coioptleil 
Britinh Muuium .\ddit. MS. 22174, wliieli 
ponniirt* of 'SpeachiBi, IVsaagee, and otho^ 
Obnervnlions nt tli'.- Parliacuenl . . . bogun ' 
6 Feb, )6L'fl-l>.' Tbo iii(itiii«?ripl it not. in 
YoiigeV band, but wry probably woi n fair 
copy HiaJe br a secrelnrr, po»ibIy with a 
view to public«I.ion, and It nu the iuiliats 
■ W. Y.' nt the comnr of the firsl leaf. The 
' Itcnorin of Setrnoni preached in London 
UM-J J,' extant in British Moseiim Addit.-J 
.MSS. 18731-:;, are by Y'ong*** »econd ooty^ 
Waller, 

[Works In BriL MuMUto Libraiyj Official 
HBturn of M"int»i» of Papl. : Mvinn*» Viiiln- 
lioOB of DoTouibiM\ 1895, pp. StO-l ; Hurko'n 
Extini't Burtinetciei ; Tanoor MS. fi8, f. H'H ; 
Foster's Alaiiiiii Oxon. IS00-I7H . nnthorittes 
dte.1,1 A. K. r. 

YONOE. Sin WILLIAM |</. 1765)/ 
hnronel, politici.in, bom at ibc faiuily seat 
of I'olvton, IVvonibire, and fourth in devoeirt 
from ^Valter Y'on« [q. v.] the dlari»t, wa^ 
the son of Sr Walter Yonge, third baronet, 



k 



I 



M J>. for BwtM nd (Jmm 17») cm ml 
xht ttmmmiamen at ife t^waw^ «ha £eA 
on IT J«It I7«1 (ICif. A». Cktok. DMrr. 
p. 38). Ob madn/r. Sa Wtlur'a w«nd 
wife, wltom ke ■unnl in Ifi9). «m (iitmi, 
daatjfcwr md Mhii — of Si.- lUbm Wil. 
Imm, but, of Pvarfc^ WiUwo Y««irc 
WMCBOMloniiSiechw&tkriB tbcnpt^ 

of Orert Briuia w wonwIlOMWton !OM*y 
17S2,>iidb0i«ittdtkebamN(hiaflT«Bae- 
cMnve pkriiuBrnU; tor ibongb diow a for 
AahbutOB in 1734 aad TinrUn in I7ST ud 
1747,bKMK)i tioM pi*fcf i* J to (it for IIou> 
Urn, uiii wa« fita iuiM*f»<kM(«i ttxrv upga 
hi* wceotiBf fla«eL In 1751 he Bade waj 
mt IIonlOB fer kia wm Onitp!, nnil wt (m 
Tmrton. lie mltrnl lb« hooM ai an oS- 
cial irliig, bt* gM« bMag alwa;* launUj 
ftxcd apon Ui* pnxpct of Mcnna^ offiea^ ana 
ho Moa MceMad ia Balciiic himielf ex- 
tnmaljr nwfitl to %r Robnt Walpok, ' wbo 
caraatod him wiifa«>nt lorine bim aad ccr- 
ploved biawitboutlnulinsbim.' AaWal- 
pole'i tiaoUnaiit ke look an uoii> jiktt in 
preuariDir for tho iapMcfaniriii of AiiTTbur; 
IB )Ia_v 1i^3,an<) vatmirkrd^d bjacoiDiiiig^ 
Moaerahip of lli» iwcniwt in IrrUndj while 
on 31 Mucb 17S( be u-u appoiotcd one of 
tba caoitnM«iaacr* of th« treaMiry in Creat 
Bnlaln in Uie room of Iticliard Edgcanbo 
lib. 1:l'I. p. IT). OuiTMay 17iu,niKiBlhe 
ra-vitabliunDL-Dt of <h4 order of iboUaih, he 
nath^lbirtj-lhirdof lUetbinv-oilkni^U 
•pointed too *tall, and hr van fruqaeatly 
twiMed thMicofortb about tbn ait«iitaltoa 
with which h« diiplajvd b>« *ribt>ofu' (»&. 
p.33t. I}uriiifttbc»horlii)tcrn^niiiiiar Wal- 
polo'a luDg tenuro at nujiimne power, upon 
tbe deatb of Qnorge I, VongH waa turiMd out 
of bia oomniaaiooerahip. l^e nnw hing, 
George II, had be<^n in the hnhit, an Ilnr<rey 
informa IM, of calling him ' Stinking Yongo,' 
Md bad ' conceited and expreeaud auck an 
inaitrtnountablcdUIike to hiapBraonandoha- 
netei IliBt no iutenst nur iiiHueDce waa 
poleut I'nuugh at thin lime to jirevail wilh 
bia mujeel J- tu«oiiliiiiiehiiu.' Sir Robert ad- 
Yiled fiia'nvutur^' u|)on thi* divr^oe to ba 
pati^Dt, not cUinnnms, in submit, not nunnt 
or oppOM : to bo im l^llbH.-rvi(^nt to the court 
in ntlnndancc, and giy Ihf kinit Inn Ba> 
aittance in |)nrtiiiiii<-ut lu auiuitHnlly and 
inti'lwni*1]' iu> if hn wvre piiid fur it, tvlliii^ 
hiia aitd all the irorlJ, what afterward* 
^red true, that, wbotOTor pippin might 
untfUw, Yoiign waa not auiih ; her had onty 
dived, and wniild ynt got up again. TbU 
arvdietinn waa noon wrificd, for un Ii4 Mav 
ITSH Ynngv wna anuointed, tomithvr wiili 
Byng, TorringtoK, PJorria, and Wagvr, oeu> 




of t^ eow MJiainMi' nt for «i«cat>nglbe(ifiM 
of lari hiffhadaaina |>». I7i8, f~Si^); a»4 
on 6 iUj 1730 b« waa reinatatcd a* a cob- 
ini*iiwipr of lh« traunrj in the raoa of Kt 
CharlM Turner (»*. IT30, p. 36>. Karir ia 
ITSl apoMred a Itltle tract called ' SnJitun 
and Orfamalinn D>*pla>'il: in a Leilvr lo 
tbc Antbor of thi' Cnifiaman,' iu tbe ' d(di- 
catioo ' to whi^ Pullencv i« alUcked vili 
tnaaltin]{ *i|twir. i'uIiencT aaaanad ibu 
the pampUei waa by John Ilerrej (liifd 
H«nty q. ir,^, who bad rectrDtlr * ratted' 
from tbe oeipoailiun and obtained a put 
frma Walpol». and wrote 'A Proper Befd},' 
wlucb Ttvalted in a duel ; btit tltere awam 
TtTj ftood reaion for belicring wilb Vai* 
thai lb« boilt of Ike tract wai n<all j wiitM 
bv YoMe. wboae aulfaontbip wax podlmh' 
akrm«d bvLotd Rardnicke (cf. Ooxi;Ar 
RaUii Wilpali; i. .t(i3n. ; STspalsa. r<r-, 
diclt of tlittory Itrvinrrd, \9&i, p. jlM;. 
manuatript Mitc in Brit. Mn*. cofif of &«£•' 
tiatt and D^wmtian Ditptaj/'a}. Ynofa' 
did not pre mnj aiutninoa liieranr help la 
bia rhief, Ml bia aupport was inTa'lwbU n 
tbe l>o«i»e,aad Walpole ia aaid lo bare Im 
abU to apdak from DiOI«« taken bam bin 
and froM tbnae taken bf no one elae. In 
Mav 171^ hewniappointed toibeiiBp«r1«Bi 
nM of leerciary at war. 11a suppoft^ 
Watpule wilh undiminubcd cneffc; at 

Sttv>J of faie duwiifnll. When, after t.._ 
krtitmaa r«««muf 1741-2, Pallen«j^ aonj 
foraanCNt c<»niaitte« of twvutj-onelo t 
iguire into tb* itate of affaira and tvpon 
the king, Yimge mode one of hia pnalart 
oratorifal efforti. When ibe dabata w« 
ovirr. I'uileiiev. who alwara aat on the tna- 
BUT7 bench, crird in cdininlioci to Sir It*- 
bert, ' Well, nobodj can do what Ton ou.' 
' Yra.' replied Walpola, ' VMun did better.' 
Inhii -Grub ation Hub' (I'll), Ilaabur; 
Wiliiama Jiad alluded to Y«nge'« capdljr 
in anawering quottiona and nxtingaubiaf 
tireaome cluiuuf. 

Yonge wna <>lected a member oT tht 
dominant whig alianxbold at W'bitr'i Clob 
in IT43. He incanwdthe diaploMura of the 
Bedford faction, but ha bad managed to too- 
ciliato the I'rlliiuni, and he not onir hoag 
on in nfliee, but be was in Blar li46 ■»■ 
puiuted JDint riC(^-tn-aii>irer of Indand, the 
rival ('HiididHte, Lord Torrinfftoa, hana^ 
been pacified with a fat pention ( HVf6 
Citrrrtp. \. 401). In the aame yOM ba 
wna one of the eommiltrie for fnawlgjat 
the imprachnient of l.ord Lorat. The 
obalructiona placed b>- tbe law in the m; 
of tbe ptitDner'a accurins an adaqoaie d^ 
fence w«ni a auurce of dtaauietudo to fur- 
mintlvd people, and in Maj 1747, 



am 

ita ~ 



M 



I^nenl Bp})lAiue, Yongv moT«<c] thai couawl 
ebould tw allowed lo prisoners on imnnncti* 
mmt (or liigh tiVRfon. 'Tlinnk tind I' vru 
lioncn Wnlpol''* coinmont, ' wo »iv a 
b(rUcr-n«tur«a ago than ibat ur William III, 
■nd hare rolinquiabnl n savikj^ privilv^-i! 
wilb a good grace.' Yongo auueared in a 
dilTifnTiiC ligtit in Fubruary ITol, wli«in bp 
propmud tbat Mumj ahould be comiaitlnd 
to N«irgat« for CCaMlDpt of tbn hoiiiw in 
nTntniK In rpRfirti a r«|>nmnnd at. the bar in 
K kBocTin); poaturv 'wo Mcraav, Alki- 
aXBBR, rf. ir77). Ill- va» aubtiHjiiiMilly 
cbsiruiaii uf a ccimiiiLttwv appointi^d (o draw 
up a rcpurl ui^.-vu Murrav* i:»m. In lbi« 
Kport, wbicli vat ronil nn Iri Knb. 17<M, hn 
■rropowtl wilb no liltl<' jiid^icnt virtually to 
litav«i th<i matter ovnr for nnotbor w*»ion. 
Oa 7 Fab. I7ftJ, wUini, m view of tbo im- 
pcoding (fpiiural el«ctiun, he mored for tb«< 
ropcal of tbe bribi-rj act, bi> made what was 
pTSolically bii last a|i]<t>ar»ncH in aclivn 
giulttic*. lli* caraer a» ft plncn-biiDlin^ poli- 
tician had bonn mnrktid by nminnnt tilcccB. 
aitil wan approprintrlv extolled bj liurd 
ChcatcrHrld, who vitoie of him in a lutlcr to 
hit aon OS n mini ' who bos ty a fitne»» of 
tongue ruiwd binisi^lf eucuesiirely to the 
Invl apvoinloj-^uts iu tli>> kinplom.* ' And 
•U this, be ft'bU, ' wilb a motC »nllt«'d, not 
to any blwl^xl cbarnnlfr.* It wai tbn Rcnrrul 
Opinion that hnwniildlmvi^lIonnmiicbbii^Ui'r 
but for liii incxpliciably evil Kpututicm. 
Walpolc tiaod to say of bim tbat uutbinit but 
•o bad n cbaravltr cuuld bavu knpt down 
liis lalvula.und riucbiug but bi« tst^uls have 
kepc up his character Pill, writinjt to 
Oaor^ Gron villi! (J6 April I71H), employi 
hia Dani4 a* a <ynon_Tiu for habitual iDi'ii- 
dacitv. To what bu owed lutli an pv- 
otpUoaatly unsnvuurv nrputation ie (as iu 
tin caae of Lord Sb<.4^iiru<<)anuni)(ma. The 
iwiarwt approach lo a 4i))iitioti, perhnp*, it 
that aObnl^d by Ilnrvi-y wbnn lii> my* that 
without havinji donn nnytbing rrmnrknbly 
proAigwtn, aiiTlhini; out of ihi' iMmmon 
timnk of a duclili: courtirr and a purlin- 
mcntary tool, Ids uainr waa provtirbially 
iiu>d (o pipnta vrervthiug pitiful, comipl, 
and L-ooWmptible. ' II is truu,' adds llcrfy, 
' ba was a grrat liar, hut ral.brr a mcniitbnn 
a Vtcioun on<!. IIo hod btM'n nlway* eon- 
llaat to the tarav party : hn waa |cood- 
nattiri'd and ({ooJ'buin'jiiivd. uvver ofTen&ivu 
in compniiT. nobody '!'fri<'ud.nobudy'»i'nt>inif. 
Ho bad iKi wit iu prival-> ouvL>nijliou, but 
waa rsoiatlcabljr quick lo ta)iiii{j^ binii' to 
haran^i? upon in pnrltnmriil ; !i<> bnd n 
kuach of words tlmrfl tlint wa» inrpriiing 
cwnaidnring huw liitlo ii«i Ihny wore to bim 
anywhere cb«. He had a gnat cocntnand 



k 



of nfaat is called parliampntary Uiij^Dngn, 
and a lajeat of lalkinj; I'lmjurntly without 
a mnftDLng, and pxpalialing iJKifnhly upon i 
noihinij.' A oanoborBtionortb«('j>iii.-'li)ding' 
touch is (;oRTiivi>d in th« di«ticb in tbo 
'Stall! ihta«!»:^ 

Silrui/n, ye SenatN, while enribbooe J Vnagn 

Poun fmth mtlodioni Dothineii r>uiii bi* 
longnr. 

Yon^ watt civulcd F.It.S. on '2S Junn 
1748, and wtis cn.'aled au honorurv 1. [.,!>. 
by tbo univorsitj of Caiobridgt.' m 1719. 
Ilurioe tbo snmoiMr T'iu'Hti"Ti uf I'uG he 
nitmdcdan annivnniarT niofiinK at Exet>:>r 
(1 AiiR.), a fitw dov« aftor which h* was 
H.-ixud with a poralyiicdiiardpr which afTrcled 
bin Bpemb. lie- made uti nppiimntly rapid^ 
tveovi<rj, but on 9 Auk- lie hnd anotbor^ 
sliack, which proved fatal (ft(4/ipj*(?i«-/i«pr, 
14 Hnd 1.^ Aug. KM). He diml al bis neat 
of Fiicolt, near Ilonilnn, on 10 Auf;. '8ifJ 
William Ynnift.', who has bwn exiiuot M 
loui;. i* at hut dead,' was tbn rorniucut of 
)lorui'<^ Wnlpole. 11k was buried on tbo 14lli J 
iu thf fauiily »aull beneath tlie rhoncd of 
Colytnn church, wheru bis coflin-plnte baa 
bei-n prniLer»i"d. 

VniiBf morrifd, firtl, Marv. daiigbler of 
Sninm-l llcnthcoto of Hachnev, from whom 
be wa.-" divort'ed by act of pnrliatneul, wilb 
peruiiBii<.'ulureuiBrfy,inl7j4i nnd fiecotidly, 
on 14 April 17i9, Anne, daughter nnilco-i 
b-^irws of ThooiaB, lord Howard of Kffiny-' 
bam {l/iil. Itrj/. I'2!l. Cbron. Diary, p. 2h). 
By bi^r bo had iwne »ix duugbtvrs and twa 
maa, of wbnni tlu e]der wu Sir Oeorgai 
Yonj(e[q.r.) A 

Yon)^ ffivatly rheriubfid a i<i>pntatiou ad 
a rbyiijiiig wil, which he did littl* to riiH- 
taiu, lbou);b it uiadL- bim tliu butt of people 
of discernni«>nt, notably ibe jrael I'opc. In 
17nObo joined with Itouiue and Concnnen 
in convrrtinjr tbo oW comedy, 'The Jovial 
Crew,' by llicbard Itronx.' [ij. \.\ first i«i>- 
diiced in ItVll, inio ommio opira in lbr«e 
acts. The allenilion wn» rlT.'ctwl by cui^ 
lading iLe diatoi;ue, Icitvinit out the L-tc*p-i 
lionnbl^ UHrl4, imd adding a comidiTfiblv 
numb(-r of »ong;K, nioul <if which. tny> lioni'il, 
am • Tiistly (upcriof lo ibo triuii iiminlly 
put inIo an omira.' Must of the suiij^i nrc 
attributed lo Yong;e. The piece in its nnv 
form, priHluced at Urury I^ne on 8 Feb. 
17S0-I, bud a itrvat succiim, and was per- 
formed HA lull! as 17yi ( Wako, J?n^(. DrmH,! 
Lit. 1«W, iii. I30».; cf. Obmkt, iii. 28fi).| 
The author ' Of Modern Wil. an Epistle to' 
iJii) Itight Hon. Sir William Younj; ' (ir-t'l, 
cnn hardly bnvo ho^n aware of Yongc'a 
oporatic iriuraph, for af^er enlogLsing IU* 




I 



I 



BBwiU^ tAaintim of PnlUanr ud SUp- 
(ia,h« pm CO to Ji p«an Oax tevof 
wiWMi II wit wUck ' li«« diicflj in • capr or 
• •0^* Fn i i ih ^ Tft MiTJiM lit hif fc—"— 
■CoUcetion' to nn aa esmiBple of Yoagtll 
haadiwiork, and in Li* uib tolscM be 
imUj priat^d twn J>i(«M, ' Liilj M[»rT* 
WJonlwJ to Sir W illi«nij ItX""**]' "^ 
' Sir W. Y.> Aiuwrr, toatamiagtboratiplM 

Bat th* bvh Uui will Ui viilwM diakias 
ladwd b tco BiUaw br aa. 

Laid; 1'*'7 w** lugUj indifBist at kaviiiK 
htt name eo np ltdw any waj «ith a naaM 
auch a diaracier as Too^, and claimed the 
rvpljr ax ber ovn iraprompia upon aona 
T«na writt«n by a ladV (Convap. ad. Th^ 
WU.ISeS.iLS.Vi: Doi>«LBT,CU&rf*«,17S6, 

Convenelr, I'opc wat amwjo] at rarae* 
br Yonga being attMakeo br bie. In the 
'EpUogiM to till; Saiirv* ' and eltwhov be 
eeoiucta bin witb Bubo (Dodingteit), no- 
tably to tbe linr 

TIm ttowan of Bubo aad tba 0«v «f Voaag : 

ba cJaiwM bim among tba didamnw who, 
after diving in mud, adoniah tbair frianda 
bv cominjc up in nnexpoctiMl plnoa*, and in 
tne ' Eaaaj on Man ' he deride* bim in tb« 
ttmplet 

To •>sh for rihbonii, If tlioa an to ailtjr, 
Mark ho* thef gt»er Iiord Umbra and 

Sit BiUy. 
lluaa pcMims bv Yonp' art inurlod in 
tlia 'Collnction' of John Mcbi>l«( 1780, it. 
SSfi-68), wbi-fc mention is bIm modo of 
Yofiffe'* Tenm iu tlin ' Oentleman'a 2Uafpi- 
UDC>^(l730,ii. 103), -the subject of tvbicb 
lenden 'em improp«r to be inaerted here," 
Yonge novertbaleM bad sufficient reputation 
in tbe world of polite litnratura for Johneon 
to apply In bim upon thi! vosod aiiMtion of 
the |imnuii(riatioii of ' grimU' wbich I'ope 
and Swift had rlivim-d iniliffi^nnlly with 
' teat ' aiid ' Htalu.' ' Wlii^a I publixfii^il my 
plan,' utid JuhiiMii 10 Ikwwt^ll, ' Lord Cben- 
tvrfleld told irn? th.tt ilie won) slioitld rbyiae 
with state ; Sir Willinm Vong« Mini, me 
word thnt it ■Iiniild Ix' pninoiuicnd no a* (O 
rhvni<' with irnl, iinil thnt noni- lint an 
Irinhmnn would proniuni.-i.< it ^raii. Now 
buTv wure twu mun uf tli» liif{lieat rank, the 
one the bust Bpeuki>r in lliu Huiut- of Lords, 
the oiher the Wt »p«ikker iu the House of 
Common*, dilFnrinii •■nlirnrly.' Johiison'sei- 
p«ri<'nc« n« n pnrlinmiMitary roport^ir renders 
thin lout totimoiiy nf etproint inli'rivit. In 
1710 Voiigp wriiti- thi) iomi'wliul coarwi 
epilogue to Juhnaon'ii ' Iren*.' Muqihy, 




onrlaoU^ tba a t a mm awt in Um ' Geatk- 
man's Ma^rima' (ITAO. p. SS). qiMttiMel 
tJia bet nooriad Vj' Boaw«IL BoawaQia- 
oocdinslj added, bi tba awond aidiriow at hit 
* Utt, aa JohMon iabnasd ma.' 



i: 

Doa,' be also Mys, ' bow bia plaj eaiM to b 
tbu gnmd by tbe pan of * Dcnm tben m 
cniDent in tba political wodd * (BoaiiBi, 
Lifi, td. CfokM'). 

(Bobstts's DiuT of WaIuv Y<«k* (Chakt 
Sec.). ISM, pp. lii, ziii : B«ta's 
BaroMtd'ai WeMoaV Baxmet^a, ITH. 
tST; OfMdnati Otalabr.: Tboauoa'a Hi*, w. 
Bejal Soci*<y, App T ; Walpole'a XaiauB 4% 
Oaomll. >.Zi. !l, 111^ SCO; Coxe'iPcOMl 
AdwHMmion. 18» : RistotT of vnatiTt QiV. 
1IIS3: Lotd Hmn-i Hanoln; I^dj H*n 
WwtW 31onU««-> Wor«a(BohD) ; Sn** Cn- 
tmoedrare, ed. Cioker; Doddey"* OoOmuk 
of Vmow, ITSg. Ti 2S«; Walpota'a Ouwjai 
dtMcad.Caani^han.i.W, I<i0. 110, ISO.llf. 
iOO, 407, ii. «. 78. 8a. »«, ri. 83. riii. IM r 
Pops^ Worka, ad. Eliriii uuj COvRbap^ mli. 
iii. IT.: GnetriU* C'ortap i. 7S-4 ^ Stahta'i 
Hut. al ^Uad, lii. 10. 137: Horfar'e WiJ- 

S>l•.^SS«;CbatfeIflal(l'■UtI«a. td.Uika: 
etsa and *lDcrie«^ Sid eat. tii. 164.] T.&. 

YORK. [8«e alao Ymxb.] 

YORK. DtTKEn OF. ^-o Lt-touiT.Ea- 

atncli DF, l:Ul-UU^; ' PLAXTtomBT,' £»■ 

WAKD, l^^NUIS; Rira^RD. UII-IW; 
RicMtu, U7:!-14«3: Jamcs II. ILcn *» 
BaeULXo, 1033-1701.] 

YORK and ALBANY, DiTEBa or. [Si* 
Ek-xnir Acocum, l674-i7'.:8 ; FsBOEBtcc 
AuotTtfivs, 176S-I827.] 

YORK. DcciiiM or. [»:•« UlDS, Avn 

iflST-innO 

YORK, CaKi>n(.^L of. [Sa c Hmt 
Bbxrdict .Msua Cuaittil, in^lSOT.] 

YORK, StH JOHN (rf.lO«9*),manera( 
the iikini, wa», aooordiajz to tbe eartiMi 
pridiKnifi of ihn faniilv in Flower'a'ViaitBliaa 
of Yorkiliiro ' in 1^63-4, third aou of J<fcn 
Yorkc, by lii> wife Knthcrino Patierdale w 
nitiLTdBll. The podljtrpr in tlw • %'isitatio* 
ofYorkahiie' by Itobert Ulorer ta \SU-i 
(ed. Fo«t«r, 187 o) oonSmutbaaa statamaBU, 
but in the * Vitilatioo of London ' in IHB 
ha ia designated Iha ton of Sir lUehul 
Yorlie. Ills imndtktber, aocor^of U il 
the pedigreaa, wiu Sir Itidinrd Torlt ef Y<et. 
andliii KTUidmothcv waa, according l« tb 
Tisiution of 1&63~4. Joan Malinnr.SirBi- 
cbsid'H finil wife. While accepting tba teUJ- 
mony of the Yurkabire vinitationt aatoth' 
name of York's father, it ii probable ibi 
the Loudon Ttaitalion is correct in di^ 



< 



d 



York 



MS 



York 



tidguisLinji tiro petFoiui, far.livr nnd mm, 
nanod Sir Ittctwrd Vorii, who bavo ln-pti on- 
toMd bj Itoben UaviM (179S-1ST&) [4. r.j 
and other kiatorintui, 

Tho rider SiB RiCtUBD YoKK ((/. U081, 

fuundnT of ilie familj, and gr«'at>gritndrftthvT 
of Sir Jobn ^'nrk, wm admittm) to tlin {m^iiaia 
of tJiedtyof Vorkby purnhaup in 115a. In 
1456 h» wuc cIiunWlDin ; in H&H iWiir 
•od mayor of Thi' bIbuIi? uf Calais at York : 
snd in J40!liind I'lH:^ tii- vru* uiayur uf Yurk. 
On 14 Sopt. 1'17'_' be wa« r«tiirri«id to (inrtin- 
ncol for th'^ ciU' of Yirk, and h<> is inid to 
hava acrrrd ihi^ city in tin pnTlinmniU 
(DatIIM, Erlrai-li /ram the Munieipal Jle- 
- e^rdtof I'art, p. I2S(. He wm litii({li'<-'d ul 
York^Hnin- VUonSl July MST.beeides 
nMivioK a wnsioQ uf 'iOl. iu I4tSi] wLicli 
waaiVtublediii 1488 (/'uf. ^uf^.&Hen.VlI, 
tn. Ifl). It. IK probalili' ibHt, in aceordanc 
wilh tliB *1nt«>mpnt. in lilover'* ' Visitation.' 
hadiod ill llVif<.niid that liioon SirlUclinnl 
Yorlcdied in l.iOM. Thi-youn(rivSirltichiird , 
'vrai buried in ilieoburt^U of St. Joliii. Mtvklp- , 
gale, liiD pi.)rtraJt BjipenriEig in tbi.* i^'Ht 
wiudftw. 

Tbe earliMt meniion of .Sir Jobn Ynrli 
oeenn on 3 S^pl. IMA when hn nmTRd at 
CaU* from Aniwnr|i with inli^Ilia-cini^o ul* a 
a«TKon preof bed njiiiiniit the Iiinj; by n ' ln«rd 
friar' in ih<- pulpit at Antwerp iLettrrt and 
S-aperinf aenn,yilI.ii..-iVA). Inlr)41l«' 
waa appointei] u^mv iu&4ter lo th« luiat (R. 
Rtn>nei>, AmmU ^ thr Cvinage, 3rd edit,. 
IdtCpp. %4, 4(1). In 1A4Thn wnapromotod 
to bo nuwtor of tho mint nl Soathwnrk, «<a- 
Utdied in tile former mnnaion of Cbarlm 
Brandon, duke uf f^uilblk. In 1&I9 ha waa 
alieriff of Luiiduu. In Uctob«r uf thiti T*^ur 
the quarrel had brukeu out between tbe Pro- 
lector .Srimpr*et. and JdIih Itiidley, ^nrl of 
Warwick. 5nm*TvcT.f.'aring th<:! roiifi<dHrnli! 
lorda, hail rniin'd with Kdward VI lo Hamp- 
ton Court, and de.tifdihKcity to fnnii.-ih him 
with a ihouMind men for tho royal protection. 
W'amick, in urd^r to eouuleravl bim, re- 
naired to llie city aud tiMik up his abode at 
York'* hoiiMt in Wnlbrook ori 6 Oet. Ifi4ft. 
Tbo city, inRiiniir^d by liiv peniiahiona, rc- 
boItikI to join hi* party. f)n S Oct. thn Inrdu 
dinnd tu(fctlier at ^'orV* houw, and on the 
fbllowiiiK day the common couneil responded 
10 I heir Humuionn of aid by prumiBiu^ a cun- 
ting^Di of «oldiera to eupuart them. Ah a 
Toward for bis aervices Edwanl VI visitpd 
York at hi* official rt^Jdi^nre in Soiithwark 
on I" Oct.. nnd, nftur dining llipn-, knighted 
him. Somcrnei, having been conflmid iu the 
Tower, wai bruiij{ht to Vork'j houm-at M'al- 
brook ou ij Feb. AiUowing.and there r^teuni'd 
on hia rvci>^iitaucM {AcU 0/ Priiy Cinmoil, 



ii. 881). Here ihe privy council again sat 
two days a l^«r, probably feeliug ukov b«cum 
within thedtv against *nrpri«e by adbercnta 
of Somerset (ib. p. ."»«>. 

York nppnirf lo havo enjoyed nt thi* timo 
thn nfficn of majifcr of thi? kind's woods ^H. 
II. 400). Honnnr, bishop of London, having 
hmn deprived on 1 Oct. l&Jtf, the tempu' 
talities of the see paused lo th^ crown, 
York thereupon b»gau felling' the biHliop'a 
wood*. The privy council on 24 Feb. IMO 
ia«ued an iiyunction aj^aimt him,furthRr pro- 
hibit ing him from nimovinfttiwwoodiialn^ady 
felled, which sngHVina aunticionii of pecula- 
tion. He appan-nlly di«obej«l, for a freah 
prohibition was isHued on 17 March. Oil 
tho following 14 June the council again 
wrote to hini, this tiin<i forbidding him to 
continue felling llie king'o woods nnar Dnpt- 
fonl, the limb»r tn be preitrrvod for iiavalj 
purpooea. .Meanwhile, na the acts of priv 
council discloiie, York was busily engagi: 
in hi« duties at tlw mint, which inunt hara 
been particularly arduouH Hi a time when 
changes iu the coiuap? followe'l each othatr 
in rapid succession, ONring (ome lime ilt 
llie Auminer of l.'iAO ho wag anipliqrad in 
secret niimionH abroad. His first buainaaa 
was to amuRgle over munitions of war 
from the Netherlands. To prei-cnl infor- 
mation of this from reaching the Nether- 
lands government, th« privy council forbade 
the cvistomen and •earclicr* of Calais and 
Dover to nvirch ' such proviaiona of thn 
kinge-a aa Sir John Yorko ahull from tyaio 
to tymo bringo thider ' (>ft. la July ISfiO). 
In the following Fuhruarv (1651) he waa 
commissioned to repay lo the Fii)^^rs thiS 
sum of 1:27 ,U0O llorius Arrowed In- tbe king 
in thtt previoiia Juna (lAAO). In llw< summer 
uf luAl he repaid for tha king another aiim 
of 2a,S7fl/. bortnwad from the Kuggers (i*. 
S July l,'.ni). By way of gratification bo 

pweivfid the valuable L(*iue to eiport eiHht 
hundriHl foddera of lead (ili. 14 Dec. IQliO). 
He was aUo made under- treasurer of tbe 
Mint in tbe Tower in ISWl, and promoted 
lo be masler in IMI ("lEtrwMi, i. 34). He 
liail contrived to rcndnr himmlf aeeeptabla 
to ihf two rival parties in the privy council, 
hnadod bv Komeniet and Warwick respec- 
tively. To Somerset he had advanced no 
less a snm than 2/>tX)/., which sbowa him 
to have been a man of greRt wealth for that 
dav. ^Vheu aft«r Somerset'* exi'culioii the 
duWs no'fi of hand, which York had pro- 
dncd for the council's inspection, had disap- 

Iieared. tho Duke of NonhumbiTland, who 
lad lately been promoted from the earldom 
of Warwick, interested himself on York*s 
bt^haif in procuring an order for liis re- 



k 



%m 



(.^k ^fk fVny CamiO, 10 Mar 



Mk «■• — riffciag kUMidf dnnnit ihia 
yjoJ not adv bjr his nfltMl JBW, b« ta 
dM cawM q? tmifn tndiM. B* had 
miiiiiit liiiil ill Tiiilwif. ■ml ilwi ■! Tf nJ 

iiFlhi IfiiMM etmfaaj or ' lawifciiil adi 



3bM««T.' 



■liil—llj nTiiiiil ii o ct fc — ihwl aii J '* 
~ ' '^ ul ba «M pfoainHK •• a r^ 

TdcdHMBoTLaibinBQRjt On 

tJiilyl«B>dlwtin>i i1h pii rfdrtai^ 
nmc^aaii cwo ^v* Utn- d«a A* ilihit 
Yattw— pafhr ' ^ rrt iiihitowahiwwfcy 
Urn la«d iMvor I W B iii f M W Ty CIramb. tt. 
K^ On au July dM frn7 ouncil iw*! « 
PMiaii fer hia wom^ M tb^ T««nr. 
A» Bwwaw at Ml famb w g ntaW . tad 
tfcay ■«!»■— J n»a« i iM wV aag. £a^ 
alalha «Uefc «Ma bBar wp « tf a rt hf hin 

■^ Aw. I8aV Qb SI Jol? tia WW 
tba Tn«a. batoc wwftml ia tlia 
Bd Taw. At flcai bia hnrwanant waa 
nnpaK, te- it waa wit tOl U &nft. tkat h> 
«M *llMad 'tha OasCT of dur hade*' 
<ClnaVfc ^ Qmm JhK p. 27l Ub 
18 Oat. ha wn> MmwI (ik p. 32 V Th> 
iiM^taata «f WUthr. wuata of tka laiia 
■rtkahfeavwfcKkhMbilbaMht btM tba 
Ddv «( Siilt—taHiBit. took accaMM aT 
UaiaMiaoMMaito 
b«Mi^ aawrtrf W frt a far 
tiMv aCOM-nMs. Ihaaa tkar 
ta hata kacB iaoaaai^ hf 
taatataoftSB 

ia ikr war oTlbaa apon rfcaigi af lori. 
Oa 31 Oei. tha eaan 
hia. AbiMttfaMa 
«ai hraaite Kaaai bi« ia tk m 
W Afaat >r Ahtnd C<«daK 
l^aaa of Iba RcaMlr A«Mt««d aUer aT ^ 
taa4, wwhiai»» tWt Yotk havtar laa- 
cbvad tfe MMoTaf NHW^k, T*A*Ctf% 

Coftbabadef tbeahhaviaJaBa lUS. 
tafMd to aUow tW rlHBtiff U cat 
Jcmiuibar far U* HB«, aad had MiBrf 
a taqn aaaatiiT of Wad on betoag M a ta 
btaT^TWbiHK af th» ca« kaa aoTlaM 
fiaawrad, tart iha tan pkiat* ihivw 

^<»K«rir«aia aa »tnpa fiw 
saa U caafaB 10 the aew cid« ^ 
to oa h X<n^. feUowiM ha attaadad at 
auAm'*, Walhmk. a« lanMa of Jaha 
Fithahaw [•!. v.j. Qvn Marr** pnnte 
dMfUa bbI (aattaaM-ClLkOin. /Jwy* ?- 
48). Ila wsa M ihif liac aa ali lw ta at 



tk atr : hat hi* alaea at tbr Mat hal bn 
lULsl up. and he Jaaaao* laqmar iaaaUc 
lili uU afbn- lb aopwaiaa oTEItHdalh. Cfa 
S On. Ifi60^ whaa a pn^ of 
•a* >a<ba ■iiliiiliitt. Ta«k 
CnU a ktiar of adviea, wia£af ap « 
mpuat far Caaifa iaiaj^ ta hia binor 
^ iBate ^pars Owa. Efia. ah. lOV Aaaaf 
hia laao— Jatiaaa waa aaa ftr tk* •m> 
plafwiH of toa^ tafam^ a* hii^ <f 
Mpitior ahilL b wooU appatr baa ■ 
Unar ftoM a FlMuak cawaaMT la & 




ii 




wnctaa fiav Aatam ■ 
thia jaK, thai Yorii aa^Uly waat ta fi«»- 
dwa oa tki* hmia im. Bat ha waa vi«r 
ta aflea at tb« laiat. Ha fid 
hrfoca the cad of lEOt, to « 
Ifi D>«^ of that 7w Sa- tU^ Sidki^ 
wsitiag In tha rwiiiiiil baa X^thaUatM, 
lamtinwa • 1\ W Tedta, aan a^ hcirafSr 
Ji^n t«haJiwa»r(aa««r Aynn^Ooa. 
Blia.ZT. 90V 

YoA nartiid Aaae or Aaaa, daa^av <f 
BahcnSHvihofLindaa. Aaw Ji aKWiia 
■ TiatatiOT of Totkahnw ' of IfioSl. mi 
GLma'a • Vlataciaa oT Tarlahfaa ' ia leSl-^ 
Lujy Yaik afivwarda ^tfriad Rakaf Am 
rfLoaduatbat awwJfag ta tha * VkiUii^ 
g/ Lwdaa ' in lUO Ae waa tto wide* of w 
Ftaprttwbat tto naaiad Y'<xk. Sr J<fa 
Y«k kft ta aM, two of whoa w*> 
kaighia. Sr EdMad md Sr Edwaid. t 
«i(a-«dBind a tiha aaij. Bowlaad Vat 
r^*.]iaaaUlahaRhi>aaM(kv. H««^ 

, '. hoth in Iha aignataia aiT In 

' Ocfl aad in tW fto fat n hr I 

Ito taaaaaof U'hitbr in lit 
ofriniiin.bYacfc. 
[Aaa af Oa Pmj OmuI l51X-H:ae« 
hMi^ Dm. Ba. VIll. Blw. TL at. H 
a^Bk. UT. I«: Tha radtaiMa et Tin Win 
MM. 1^ TMfta rf OawthwaH*. BaiL Sk 
mi.niUT: n*r>ta.b<atf lMdw.tW. 
^rLSoc IW9. >. 31 : TV \-Wtatka aC T^- 
•hinu IM«-A. J. ro^rr. tS7S: F. Dnk) 
Eb M«^ int; K. Ou*>'a EtftMCa taa 
Iha Xwcnl Swvda af tfe OCT rf T«i 
l»U; Stn;«'i Efriiritaieil KiwwiJk 0>- 
tod.tSII. fo. iL fi.; Bacfca^ BbbVT ^ ^ 
CWiia ri. isn. (O. IT-; B aif Vlifr if 
ib TbaM q !■>*■. in». T^ i.; B. fe 
dH'aAaadaaflha IMmc^ 1»M. aA L . ' 
53m% H»; ChMacb >« Obm J.v 
Wriahiliy^CTwdi,1i WTiadia Saa.); Ofc- 
•f »■>■» a# Plirtianiat; B. L 
iLiaiwMlthaKiaMiiB.WW.irf.t; 
^■baai Ife ChaM a( BaMia,^ 
LS UadNkautoSw-lfM] 1.8.L 

TCAK. LAPREXCK (1(1^ 1^0% B^ 
Maa catheto Mdato. bon ta LoadtM ia HBT. 
Jo^ad Iha nwiiiniai mitt aod wafc hb 




ET 



York 



337 



Yorke 



•oImoii praGcMMim u a moitlc «t St. Orcffoij'* 
Coltcffv, DouRj, oit S8 Uoc 170G, and wa« 
orddined priest in 1711. Ho wan urior of 
8^ Eiliniuul*«, Paris (1721— j), and aftVT- 
waHa prior ai St. Greeor/a (172-^9). His 
onticM weT» rwiiiirM for the miwion at 
Batb in 1730, In 17-11 ho wo* Ronnni^nilnd 
btthop nf Nuibii in Mniopotnmia, and 
nominattKl eandjuTcr lo ItUhop l*rit/;liard, 
vicar-apostulic of the vrealcru diatritt. He 
VuvcmiImI Iu lliat TiL'ariiilr< in I'uO, Ksiuu«l 
it iulT&l.aiid di«d at Si. Grvgury'ii Colk-go, 
noiinj-, on U April 1770, His portnii 
hang* in lllo nieCMtf at Downiidi^ 

[Bradi'a EplwojuJ Sureuinon. iii. T23,'i9i: 
DovnM* Rariav, L 124; Olinr*! UvrDwxll, 
op. 6i^. tn : I^iiutDi'a Mcinoin, p. ill ; 
SnoTs iieenlofj. p. 1 16.] 7. C. 

YORK, RICHARD or, Eabl op Cah- 
BKuras (rf. l^lu). [See HicbaRI).] 

TOEK or YORKE, KdWI.AXD (/i 
l.i8*?), toldicr of fortiinp, i« iMiijeeiurpd to 
fcavi' bum uno of the tMi boiib of Sir Jolin 
York [q. r.]. wlicue iiintli xou boni tlia 
tianie of RowlanU ( f'wiV, of YorkMrr, pd. 
Fo»ter, p. 982). Ileitig of an nilvi^tiifiji)* 
diaposit ion, ti? vohintciTiid for the Ntrl.lntr- 
land* under ('aptain 'riiomna Morenii (d. 
]fiO&) [q, v.] in |.)7l>. III! fmbarkttd at 
QrsTewud on 19 Marcli tliut vi'ur milU liis 
tiro com pan iou«, llaiuoignL' iind llerle, but 
thealiip in which ih«y tailed waa nearly lost 
on ibe COaHt of llnUnnc] owing to tbe incom- 

5*l*n«rofthpnritch pilot fHi!*iinM,Cni#iuvi 
'jlrraria, i. Ill), ftut rt'iiching tha En^- 
lidi 4«mp in luiUty, hi? took pnrt in Auriict 
Clurt vcw in th« atTui^k on Qoiu unilcr Cnji- 
tain (aRcrwanl* Sir) Humjihrey IfilbErt 
(d. r.] and 'l Z-inwla (M^KSiiAM, Flj/hliji;; 
Vem, [>, i^i). Opinious dllTt-tud about him. 
Sy fioBi'' h" was h<>1d ' boldi* of coiira2>>, piv- 
vidi'Bt in dirnctinn, indnslrioni in liboiir.nTiil 
nuick in exi«iilion' (Iiu4SiJr, Tkf <'tuilf, p. 
2«J). Kul his prolliRucir and thi- liitt that hn 
<it-aii a Kouiaii L'uthotie cauwd bini from tbu 
Gnt tobL-diAlnieiwllfrtheitatiiitMiirGEBEX, 
nUI- Bfh- lib. liv. 4lW). In l.ieiuber \t>m 
Iw ""a« reported by Hi'rli' to Walftiii^ham 
<0 baiT bci^n arrcalod on a rhnrjr* of f"lony 
iCal. Stale Pajiei-i, lloln. 1.M7-N0, p. IJ841. 
l-*our_vcariilBTFrhi?wiuid(.-t(-ctitd iiiaplot with 
Joliii \'au Iiiibyss to bvtray Ohitnt to the 
Dakv of Purma (GniiiEaroKB. Ilitt. ofihr 
Xrliirrlaiid; p. Si7). Coulrary lolbeiidvioo 
of tlia Priiu^o of Hrati^, ulio would have 
{mfonml a motv tummnry [iiini^hmi'nt, li<- 
wna elapjicd in priHin in tlniab'U, n-luTiiirr' hi' 
was releftMHl wlicn tho city fnll into I'nrma't 
haiKla to lIMCt. lie virvi-'d nt the ticnu nf 
Antwerp, but b/ tbe intcrcoujon of h\* 
vot. LltU. 



friends hu wus allowed to return lo England. 
Joiuinff th« expedition uudvr the Kart of 
l.eioMter thtit yvar, he «uce««ded in incra* 
liating hiin*<>!f with Sir I'hiLiii Sidney (SlB- 
THuniix, Hint, IMy. I.e.), ami bainz by \a\- 
eiMcx appointed to tbccommand ofZiitpbcD 
iconcc, lie, occordinit to Camdi-n, took thftij 
opportuniT V tliua ollVri.*d him of piyiuft bnctfl 
a grud^ he had a^^iiut the earl bv lutwf 
r«Tideriii){ thu xcoocu lo lhi> Spauianl!! audi 
inducing Sir William Slnnldv (li^tS-]630)l 
[l.v.l to do th« Miinct for l)''vi>ntiT. Hewa(| 
aDpomted captnin of a (rv)o|i of Inni^nra in 
the SpBiiiih »L-rviL-e; but his ireuubety not 
bein^, as lie thoii^^lil, siil&eieudy rewardI^d, 
and he bi-intt huuwu tu bo a bold and Av 
termiried villain (To/rk, i. Z'u), it ia Hiid 
the Spaniards IiToh precaution lo prevent 
any doiiblf In^aehery by ra using him to be 

toiBoiiod. lledind on n Sunday in I'ebrunry 
r>88, liavinR fint ■ rueeived taeinioentj«, une- 
tion, and all' I^Bcbtie:, Fiet Genrratiotu of 
a Lot/a! HoiMr.-p. lA*; bill cf. Cal. Stafa 
Paptm, Itoin. l*ih|-!K), p. 4IS6, wherti hu i* 
said to hnvc died of th*i nmtillpox). ThtM 
years aftorirnrdE his bo<ly was oihiinieil au<l 
gibbotivl by order of (lie slatm. His lir'ir 
wni Edmund Vorke, who was circulod at 
Tyburniu liiOG for attetuptingtoasaiugiinata 
Queen Ii)lizabulh, 

rCanlJnnI Allen'* DgroaeeofSir WillinrnStaii- 
l»y » tlurrsndir of Dnronior, ud. HMywiwd i Cliol- 
bnm Soc.). iatrud. p, aiii<i. ^ Svtlor'i LoMoni, 
App. iii.. * Tbo EsiBio of tha Engliib Fngitiru,' 

6 p. 2l>tl.330^ .Soman Tractm i. .16(1: lti)|t«r 
'rl1iam*'» Aeliim* uf the Lowo Cunulri^o. p. 
HI; A Tru« Sinniurar IliitoilciiiU . , . trana- 
IfiliJ and ix.llsclud by T. C[linpchj»ril], (u) . 
&c., ji. «l; Moitny'n ('niltil ,V(i(ii»r|pinrtii : xiid 
BDlhoritin qiiolni,] II. II. 

YORK, WILLIAM or (rf. ISW), bishop 
of Salisbury. [Seo WiLtJ*V.J 

YORKE. rilARLKS (1723-1770), lord 
chiiurcllor, wcond *on of Ijord-fbancellor 
[Intdwicke [tve VoKKii, I'lici.lr, first K.tnt. 
av lUnuwiOKB], by Mar)tan;t. dnunhtcr of 
Oharlio Cuclu, waa bom in Great Ormond 
Stfvt'I, Loudon, on 30 Dec. 172^. llii waa 
eduL-nl«d at Ncwcorae's school, flftckuC'y, 
and 1)14 iiniTnrsily of Cambridge, wh^rd tiu 
wfnt into n-jidnncNi at t'oqjut IJhristi Col- 
li^gn on 13 June I711U, and reeniviHl thn 
M.A. dpjiToe in 1749, Deatinud to the law 
fromhiiiehildbuod.he WHSadiDitted on I Dec. 
1736 ineuiber of lb-" Middle Tvmple. Tliouea 
lie ini(rrated on ^,t Oct. 174:! to Lincoln's Inn, 
where be was called to the bar on I Feb. 
I71A-8, and nldcted U-ndieronfi Moyl7.'^4i 
His career opu^ned brilliantly. In the com*] 
position uf thu ' Athi-'nian Letten' be had 1 
larger aharvtliananyotUvT contributor exe^t 




Yorke 



338 



Yorke 



bU rfder hrollwr, PTiili|. VotU (1730-1780) 
In. v.] Wbilo itill in tiU nonnp! be rom^• 
•tiniiilnl OD UnnTii.'d topic* with WillUai 
Wftrburton (»ftiTwnnU bi»liop of Glouoet- 
t<rr),anil minicii'liat ItXet witti MmtcMoiea, 
TtiuQiHM Itiri'li '<[. v.\ ftixl TImcdu Seclwr 

t^. v.l, itrchbi»hop of Ointprhiin'. In 17-lA 
no 'CoDmcIcmtioiuiomtli* I^irof Forfehnra 
for lliitli TMiumi, nMoinnnciI by a Claiuc in 
t.lifl lain Act for milking it Trnuon to eor- 
TL-ipuiul wriili (hi! IVcii-udcr'a Son« or any 
uf ibi^ir Agnits' ^lyniiluD, Sva; Slail edit> 
174Ui Jill i-Jii. ]'M, Hvo), an inceBioiu 
d>>rrni:ii of onv if liiK falhor'n lm«t <ii'fitn»i- 
bl" roi-iuiiirni, riitahliiibfid Ii>> mentation as 
a rAiiilitiitionalUt. hi 17'17 hi-woa npiwintcd 
to Iht- •iiiocurt- plnci- of ioiiil-cU-TK of iti? 
Oiowii ill chimoCTi*. lu llii^ Maine year bo 
was rviumiHl to parliniucnt (7 Dec.) fur 
Hcigatv, n bict] comsliHiencj Wcoriiiniiwl to 
rrrpntatint until tbi) (li»*nlution of 1 1 MarrJi 
1768. In tlie cmiuini; jinrlumiRnt he «C for 
llir uiiiviTrnitv of I'mnliriditn. 

YurKe nmii- bis dfbut ia ll»s UouM of 
ComniuiiK by tluuwiiig uut (7 )IaT 1746) «■ 
ill-coiisidvtvd mituure for tb« relief of pro- 
tm-tHFit purchasera, tnuWM, &c., of |}]ipi»i4' 
vlTiviA. lie afUrvarda apnka witb v.-oizbt 
and rlTni't in miTiport of thn rn^niij' bill 
t,m Mn,v 17-'il), iho n-furm of thn roaTriA)[a 
law (30 Mav 1753). nod the extenuon of 
lliH Mutiny Act to India (8 Feb. I7S4|. 
Ill* uIm) utici^ M-conded (Norembcr 1748) 
And unci! iijovvd (li-^S) tht> addrra*. On 
3 July n-M bo was inndn coiinMl to tbu 
Eui. India ('om)>aiiy, for which li* «iti> 
titiund tci Bpi for many TRBm (»ei' liia opinion 
printed iu tll'-> iippciiuix tn Lord Clivi:'ii 
■ I.-.-ilcr 111 tile I'TDiiriptur* of llii* East India 
Wl-nk,' Limdun, 1(151, 8vi>). In 175^1 be 
lixik xilk, Hiiil WHH niipoiiiU'diii>liciloi'-||>?ii»nl 
to t.lio IVincn of \Vnirii. On tW fnrinntion 
of ihp Duke of I)i'vnn«liln''ii ndniinijlration 
lie waa ap|)ointed •nlicitor-Rirticrnl ('"> Nov. 
I71>0), III tliis capiu^ity bt.' distinjtuialicd 
bimH'lf as I'rotl'a voailjiicor in tbu cniwn 
t-DMiuiuf IHorvuee Ueuwy [<[, v.jand Laucviio* 
Shirl^T. I'orl of Ferret* [cf, Pbatt, Ch iRLE«, 
tir*t> Kitnt. Ckhhok], II* r^aintHl olfioe 
tiiroiieboul !*ilt'ii adniiniat ration, but on the 
in'Pl.ing i>f porlinmi'nt which followed Ktt'n 
full ho Jiilivi'rcd a powurlul di'ft-ncc of bin 
(li-rinun policy nnil ri-Wftiipd (14 Ltifc, 1701). 
Xvtflrlbelviui un Pratt's rlernlioii ti tbo 
bonob lie oooe^tiMi ttom Bulu tbe (M-aui ai tur^ 
iwy-p-neiralsbipCJSJan.KfiSj.and innjiiteof 
t.hi> d^rt-rtion of Pmwiii, tho icnominioitg 
pniiPfi of I'arii, the proscription of th<: oppo. 
■iiion, nnd thn cider lax, hn rctainrd thq 
i>flicr!_ He aUo kept, bin plnci) in tbi- n-con- 
«t«uction of the adminiitrntioii whicli fol- 







itfcor, 

i 



land Bute's rettrenient r»w GBK.in 
Gborue, mid Itcaajux, Juitx. fortrih _ 
OF BebfobdI, uul was ihiu call«d vwa W 
iImI olftcially witli tiia diffirull qnia^la&lrf 
coiaaliiulioiial law raiaed by the jiaf " 
ofWilke*'* o.>lebTat«d ' North Brii 
4it [MB WiUM, Joux]. Tha bias' 
tnind wan by bo moaaa iiuliilEctil 1< 
political parapbLeteor*. He Itad 
J:,' Nov. 1 1 6Qt> cefuiBvd aa libcllouaa 
aeriea of -Mouitan' fNot. aC7-$. OBO, Si\ 
«T«, dSd-60), awl tWir rappoteil witfcar, 
John Enttck fi). rA li*d bem arrMlfd, " 
hoiMD w>arc1i«d, and bit p>p«n atiied, a: 
a warrant iMiwd by the acervlario of* 
but without tbc iticorcty of eridoua 
convict him. On bi» conaeqtieol kI _ 
Enlick bad brought an M-tion a^ainat lb 
secrt'luries which had re«iiltt<d in a apMial 
T<>nlici, upon which procei>din|n wera pM^- 
\ng in WTor. Such wurantft by nccn^ama 
ofatatawcni naitbcr an innovation nor thi 
rerival ot an ob*oklc pn^ticp, but wnv 
aupported by a long (Miur<e o( pcec«]«aii 
ainae tha reroIalKM, and Eutick a app««n 
lo Lave ht*n iLe Brat catw in which ^«ir 
le<gati(y wai ooot«at«d. Tbo wanraBt« ««« 
imiDil by the MeMtariea pr^/trio atotm intk- 
out the Sai of tbc attorney- z^nvral. In tbt 
oaac uf ■ North Briton ' No. 15 tbc wamnti 
w«i« ianicd in anticipation ofVorkcaopiwon, 
and deacrib«d the libel tu not only aedilioa* 
but tri-asonable. Tbe opiniaa {27 Anil 
1703) omttttd the lait^ epitbeC. and rh^ 
ractari«ed tbc ofTentw a« '■ iaiHl«iaMiMiir«( 
thn highest lutorr.' Tha diarrepaMf, or 
riitbcr contradiction, ahow* Uut tha nfruioD 
v'nB indejicndimt and faonrat. York« mt 
also i!iinFulti.>d on the queMioit of privilip, 
and adti»l:^d llul it did nol enter into la* 
nac, but tbat Wilkes might b? ramiatneJ 
to priton erett tbowb he oiinwd bail, aod 
tbrro detained ponding imjairy ax to it* 
■uflicieney. 

As at that dat« tbe onlyoficnon neof- 
nised ai unprivileged were ttVAHW. tdm/fi 
and breach of xha peace, thia opinioa wu 
undoubiirdly of a soinewlut speculative r^ 
Tacl«r, anil Vorko did not twi(ur« lo COIB' 
mit it to writing. In th* pracnding* on 
tha AoieM carpu* the Ii^ality of tha wanaiii 
was unaacMMofiiUy inipwiwd, bat the pla 
of privilege wtw held good. In tbe winun' 
actions \orice abowed no sign of ddterii'^. 
though the juries proved refractory, and hi* 
subeeqaaot r««ignati<Mi (2 Nov.) took thr 
world by sotptiM. Its profcased gronnd «a> 
the proncription of tha opfMMitMci, but Yotkc 
rcallyyinldi'd totfaotrooig (ira«aan> put npoa 
him by I'itt, and tiiok leave of th« king ia 
teani. I'itt bopvd to enlist hia ooiriea* oB 




Yorke 



J39 



Yorke 



Tho 
(30 ] 



bi-hDlforWiUcetin theeamiagurliaiDoolnrj- ' 
cumpoign : but Vorhi! felt bouna b,v bin iitficia.1 
pwt, and cmpbooiMd hia coaitaieiu'j bj ' 
Milling for \he court in the giaui ilobut* 
on pririltf e (39 Nov.) willi a iraicbt and 
(atrf which w«nj frtatlj enh&noM by tho 
Uiil«pRBd«iic« of hill ponitiim. ^lonnwhilc 
lie Mij(lcd Tor bU rciiulnlcmcnt in tlin nC- 
t(iniuy-f(i-n«ni1stii|), TiiiliiiKwhich hcM^Ccid 
tfant b*.> n-ni williuj* to ooMpt tbo vacant 
nu&Ipp>hi)> of lilt- r<]tla [ftve CUBBB, StR 
ThomwT, with n Milarv of 4.000/. aod a pwr- 
». Th*»i' riiiiculoiis (nhaiiw* wcr" r<^ 
Ucil br Ixird-nhnnr.rtlor Ni>r(hinet(iii, and 
'orilD cidi-d b_r ncri-ptinjt n Jiotont of pre- 
cprlrnc* iiMt nfier Ibi" nttompy - (rfnural 
(^NoT.) llincuiidiK't in thiscriiiiii betrajwl 
ft JaiDMitAble vreakiK^SH which Pitt never 
eondoaed. It wan, hciir«Ter, viewed with 

KnI indii!^no» by Ciimbf-rland and tht 
c):ini;bain wbi^,Iowhicli party hn ihnnci- 
tatXh Ddhrmi. 

Is irtti Voiko wniieleotritotherocorder- 
aiiiM of Ihn'cr Bud (llouci'Dtcr, vacnnt by hiH 
biW*« dM()i. Ill psrIiamMut (lHFr)j.)h(' 
TOC«d with th* minorilj acaiust the udjourn- 
BIMit of Kir WilliniQ MurodiUi'a ntotiom* 
condomnntory nf ffrnnrBl warrant!. In tbi! 
followinfc y«ar (4 March) ha oppiwed Mrtc- 
diib'i motion impuEnin^ the lo|ntlitv of tbi- 
'iDl'urinatioa vx olfiuio, which he dcfi-iidcd 
on t\y* hik'li t^tind that the quntiuii of libi.-! 
or nolibt'i wMa matWrof pureUw. On th<* 
formal ion of tho ItoA'kin^hnm admiiiid ration 
tut declinad thn kin^'i prwuiiig offar of the 
great ami, aod rnluclnnlly aniiiintoiKl in the 
illom'-j'-p.-nf mljhip which wm then tlirint 
Upon bim (^ Aug. I'lio). The ^vi'mniFnt 
wa« weak and dirided.and from th<- flr»t 
leunt iniicb on his adrice. His liberul ci>n- 
.ructinn of the NaTi^atioii Act* gave Icgni 
ion to Ihn bullion tradn b«twMtii tbti 
n smbunrd nnd thn Sjiuiiih domi- 
iDf. Ill- appruvi") I lie rrpcii] of tho Slump 
Ct, liUt iniuted iIifiI it iliuat bu lUt-'um- 
p»nie<) by the Declaralorv Act. On lhr> 
|!>aa>ing- of Sir 'U'illinui Meredith's rewlii- 
tiona fondninnoiiry of (tmeral wHiranif, he 
obviated further difcuuion of n matter bent 
left to the courtaof Inwby defiTatinji (JeorKi) 
Oienville'a prMwuud muaiuTK. A eoiwiiiu- 
lon which he had drafled for tho province 
' Qiiebfic vros under cousLderalion by the 
i^HMt when tbe ^verciiueut fel]. Ilssub- 
wan «rahodied in the Quebec Act of 

Bom, 10 to Kptnh, in the legal piirnte, 
totke had atartcd in life with ih'' idna that 
the woolaaclt waa hi« by n iiort of hereditary 
riglit : and the rapid Bnaeoatiniiou»devHlo[^ 
neat of hie practice had hrongbt him withm 




n-lml ■eemedmiMUUTablo di«tiuie«ofhi«go*l. 
III! htul rejected the kina'a odbr becauw ho 
had no fuith in thv olubirily of the Kuclliiig- 
hatu adminlatnilioD, He bsd in del r»- 
Mired himaelf for l'ili'« reiurn to power. 
He WM pfCfOHionately mortified by tho 
profcrenes wbich I'itt now garo to Uamdcn, 
nndriMri)nwdbis^IaceiDconjH3quuacc{l Aug.) 
During the aMuon of ITfJT he noted with ill* 
opuutiliua on ludiuu aSaire, aud in February 
1id6 be e^ke in tuppon uf tbe Nullum 
Tenipus bill. Oiberwit* lie ob»ened a 
Htturninn tilcncn in thadimoiuniuPMofihn 
(7hnthnm aduiintMratJoo, while hs aniiiiuHl 
himie-lf wit h landncnpe-finrdc'iiioic at his TtUa 
at Highuate, uud did its buuuurs to Wiir> 
burtou, Ilurd, tiarriclc, uuil other frienda. 
Atoons bis corrMpoDdeuis at ihi« time w«b 
one indl ijiialitied toconilolir irith hiio on Ilia 
mitforltini-.*, Slaninlaut v\a^iiKtuii, king of 
Poland, to whom he bad bi^ea introducnd bv 
fain brolbtTjSir Joieph Yorke. On WiUceaa 
incupucititlion he ddlered &uiu his party, but 
did nut litter bis liewB in public, and tbntigb- 
oiii The «ub»eqiieDt roost it ulkmal critts tie 
maintained tho «ame politic r<«erve. H« 
wax thiiE in a poeilinn of minpamtivo frao- 
dom wbt'U tbe impendins dinmiMial of 0am' 
den suddenly placed the givnt ncal withiu 
bia reach (1!^ Jan. 1770). Ilia uctiuiiitiun 
was a matter of cardinal imjHirttmce to the 
court, nnd no pains werf tpared to secure 
il. (hi the other hand, »i)iial pn'Muiv was 
put upon him by thn ICncliingham party, to 
which he in ctTnct pled;^-d liit ward not to 
nccepi office. fSraftaii's offtT be occtmlioKly 
de<.'Iiued. but with cbaracterialic weaknms 
he sulTerei] himmlf to he drawn luio ihe 
close). The private audience failed to re- 
tiiovi- bis tcruplfs, but on the day following 
(17 .Inn.) thn hingaiimmnnnil him after the 
levnc to another uudiencc. Vorkr prennnlml 
biinaclf before bis aovercijin witli ucTTFa 
ulreudv ahiitter«l by the conflict bettroan 
aTDbtllun aud hi.iuour; the king metaed him 
hard, his r^obitloii failed, and li« left the 
cloRol lor<l chancellor. It i* to his credit 
that he made no Ktipulationa in hi> own in* 
tercal except tho usual pecraf^. He wa* nt 
oncuawoni of the privy ciuincil. nnd n patent 
tu CTvute him Baruu Murduu of Mordcn. 
Cambridgeahire, itm made out, and brought 
to bita at the family nMcsion in Great 
Ormond Street, where he lay prostratod by 
fevitr. He retained nillicinnt CiinaeiouOHM 
to forbid ltd ouihenticution under the gTMt 
■eal, which he ■ huiied wua no longer is hin 
cuitody.' He died about li p.m. on !W Jan. 
The fever waa said to be complicated by 
colic aud the rupture of a blood-vvmel ; but, 
whatever its physical antecedente, it is cer- 

s3 





^*" ...^ 

villi wludk Ibb ■*■*■*■■" ««• n- 
U* pM^r tb rhMmtTw had 
and, M lhM» wm 00 
H- ^niniatt aMtatin of 
, tka bifnhrioiia Mimiw ^ w i m i rt 
alik* meMniboiMtW anil omwfnnd. 

pak. Widwi OM cmbA ■ Ua 

Willi majaffinn jB ttrMt , 

A* an gBMiiH l ft"* *h* ■ 

mL b.| AbocAv wM wit b in tfaa 

-rw.wwHaiiMiiii'n^' 1~ 1 Hia 

■amrt W AHm Bcuarr Woo^ to tb> Kad 

■W). Hia»yiaphbinAABtioMiMS.lMa. 

Y^ ■anied tv^: fan, «■ 19 Xav 
inL ChlfaariM yd. to J11I7 ITSOV dai^Aw 
«f WiDm FbraMB of Ajfa^ Hart- 
1; MHBdt^m 30 Dr. I7a,Aff> 

ntov tm fr**'? JOBBHA 01 UnM 

W hMb wma: bv tlh* Sat.* «■ EM% 
(f7S7-I83l) [«. T^ wlw «nuii^ ■»- 
«»deih« «idB n% M ttMEadof 
n«rfwiefat;WlWaM wrf ,ti»aw«.Cfca»faa 
PUm V«ta[it.T.] Mia JoMph Sfiliicr Toite 

njainBr Twin WM ■ 
BMt to hit Sufcar, beof 
plMhotk, aMlagwraMad: bmOMtMDvba 

aadowad intk u «i)m1 SMmn of fcw Bai 
■igh well hare achwrnl aa aqaal MBOwm. 
Ycrin WM F.&Sl wd « tTMtM o< the War- 
tarteoin lactnra aad of the Bnttak VnanuL 
Ha waa •■ luliaa «lml*r, uad uiAed with 
(b* miuM. Tbree of bia ««Mfa ia vctw am 
dxtant— Tu. I. 'Odetath«Han.lliaiYnrk* 
^ftcrvaida Ladx Abmo] Ott bn MVriiiK a 
mtnit of Duta b; dovio.' « LiMa - To 
* Lad; vUb • PnMU of POm** Wotba.* 
3L 'Siwtna in Uw ***»'*" of Waller, ooe^ 
Monad br a RMaipt to make Ink. giTcn to 
Iha AmUu» hy a l«itj' («» Gnf. JVap. 
1770. fo.SB-9, ami AfK-Btf. 1770,0.301- 
SWi). Tbe luoa bcgiuuiig 'Stript 1« Uw 
nalnd mal, Mcapvl from cUt,' MCnbtd to 
him hr Lo^l CampUtl (CtoaerUsri, ad. 
1857, ni. 1 18), w»«« raaUj wnum by i\ma 
(aaa Wabbuktdk, ITorA^ ad. Hurd, xitL 
8^^; afldcf.noLiox,RoBEn',ia97-1763). 
Some of Yorkc'a Uttcn an pnntctl ia Wa^ 



ta Ofc Bbch i* M - Otipn 
P>nn-< i:«i>: awl «M to OMt^fan Miili 
tua in Addii^Hl X3. ;»tS7, £ 1«: «tbM 
im AATtfit^l HSS. 
M» C SS-«t UBfT £ ^nv SS5. 341. ■>! 
tb. ' PdluM ftom.' A4iAHMUISS. S7M- 
aaorS. tAjto Aa Jaaan w Jra t bJadiP- 

JaD,Un 



Mdf ftA« t ; Pari 





) 

[OaiUD>> Pw-iay.«d.B>Td^a.iT.«*;OiW. 
Bi<t.5atit. IHS 

*^' - - -p-.e-., 

ia. 341,- Wa 

«LCteaia|ha-; ValfdA Ba^al 
9Uk Aodns. •«. Kife: WaAmMa'kWariiv 
■L Bad. L I. O-Mi am. U. lar-U. in 3K 
m lil-% Ml. 1 m. 4X3. air. SIMi 
ChaaiMia (k IGmdt. tTtt^ (bjal Sm. 
avTCandaa te^.): lisi. ISaa. MS C ». 
£IUI t Xt t3iU C « <A MO.: OiMalt* 
Papax-L tiouk . Gnftea'a AaMMaaafij'.^ 
Asm; CktfbaBB Oo p af. ai. TaTbr Nil 
Pr:>^: Lmm •< JvtMk X<x alir.; Alb- 
at niliinb 1; Mmm^xA 
tf Onte JaaM Ai;*! 
I«>d J^a'bMdL L U; bMlTattiMTlMk 
lit «T. J«7. 1»J7. I*«: Hit K5A C«*ai 
latb B*^ xpp. L US. >M. xn. Ml-S. <I«-tl 

licii Ba AfB.iT. 3as,M».llA KafLAfa.*- 
313-li.llib B*r- Am t*. SM.I. 3S.WA 
Mth h» AM. *i. M : 5kkiih'a lit. A>Mi. 
aad DhNtrTTwrnttU-. XcMaba, vd. w^otaf; 
Oadatf^ MaaMtn. I K. 1*. *U: 5i(Wl>'> 
KacdOaaimaal B^ta ti aa* . Gm*. M>ff- t:*l 

S»~A. ABa.lti«.177ntt^C».lS<.l»f p.:i*: 
!«■ Ku. XXI. i9 ; OsakKyk Easy as Lind 
SaaunTte.; HM»'a lift •( Urf- Oaa ta l kr 
Bodnda: Fawalina irflW J«4;w: S** 
aad O^iw. I« air. iL 7. nl U. 71. ni- I": 
CTMWrbartra lI 1 ft atr*h» . Laia.irt.lM.lM- 
147 : Ca aMo rt Hw <fc rf *« ( EJ«it»a»V L h. 
M; EwManoT 9l OiUJi^HaaPWT S^w* 
(Hvl. Soc.): AdalabvV BiaUayar tbelUff 
ofGcargTUt: PwW'i Htttarr of tb* Com «f 
Chaacarr. p. 313 . Tivntno'i Barir HiaUiT of 
Cbari«:iaa«aF«s.] J. M. li- 

TOaBJB, &s CHARLB3 (I<9O-1690). 
fidd-BanhaL bora 7 Dm. I70CXwa« tbam 
of C<dantl John Yorka. dapatT^Kataaaat «( 
tbe To«ar froB I7» tSl \]» dtatb, M Jm- 
iej6, by JttUaaa, dansbtcr of John Dodd of 
SvsUowMd, Bwfcd£e. 

Ha WM eoaunuakned a* ennni in tbe 
3Stb feot on !2 Jan. IffiT, bwameUautfoant 
M IB Fob. 1906, and on tkv jutfa «xdiaa^ 
tn Um &3nd bot. lie aen^d wilb ibit du- 
ti^nUwd KfpBCM tbraughout tba PcaiB- 




M 



Yorke 



34» 



Yorke 



ttular war. bein? presrat at Vimi^ro, Fut^ntes 
d» Unoro, CiiiJad Rodri^i, Bndnjoi, Sal»- 
naiica, Vitloria, iho liatlW of tV TjmiMai 
th* NirdllotndNivR, uiilat nrlfar*,wli«r«bs 
wai wT«rrlf wmindM. IIi> nan nlao irounda) 
at Hndtioe »aA the Nivulle. Hu aflcrwonU 
reecirtd tlio runiiuuUr (ilviT medal with 
t«u fUhu. lie WM prouQoIeil cupt4iii un 
31 Dm. 1^13. 

Ai Wftt<>rlcio ha WIS eitra aidtv^de-ramn 
tA Atajor Onncrn] Ailitm, who commuidtd 
tbn bngsdn nf whieU tlw Nnd foffmisd put. 
He ruociypd (he miHinl. llu uraa placrd nn 
Iwlf-pay on W Ft'b. iSlB, btil «■«.« appoicilin) 
lo tlw ISlli foul on 7 Aug. 1817, aud vxr 
ebuiK«d buck Id the S2ii<f imi -J Julj 1818. 
Ob 9 Jano lS^>i ho na^t givim an unattached 
maiority, and a^^n ircnt on Iiiilf-[jay. On 
SOS'ov. iSirt he WBK mnde lirutPiiant-coIonfil 
•nd iiupecthift liuld oflicrr of mililin. Ho hv~ 
Csna colonel uii '.iS Mut. 1)^11, aiid whh SMiiv- 
biBt quwt«vniiiBt«r-e«uerBl, Bnt ai Cork sjid 
•ftcrvaiidauMikncbesierfrom IMtllo I8-M. 

On 11 Tfor. ItU>l ho waa pronio[«d niajor- 
flOMml. Hnwacarnt tothrCflpo,and tiirTnd 
in the Kalfir irar of 1853 (u t^cond in uim< 
inaad under Oc'Dcral (nflvrwardH Sir ticor{[e) 
Culieut [it- v.] Ou 2U Jiui« IMi a llut- 
t«Btol oaBp near tbv tourw of tine Bufiklo 
«M mtpriMd by hia 'jadiciona arrangprnents 
■■d the indefatigable Mvriimunfl.ii-iiii-nant- 
eotonel Em and hi» troopn' (riTiirtiir, 
p 195). When Ciillicnrt. rrossi-d Iho Kfi, 
VoAe w»» left in eominnud in Krilish Knf- 
fraria, aod bunlc<l oil! ibi- Kalfirs Btill lurk* 
ingllMTe. III! wa* (;ivi.-n a reward fur diic 
tini^ahed aonice on i:) Jnly I8fi3, and in 
May ISM ho mcopfidM Colonel (afterwanli 
X^m) Aicey at, military onCTolnrj at hend- 
qunrten. 

He w»« madu Gdlonid of thn SSnl f'lot on 
ST Fvb. |H.'j(5. uiid K.C.U. onu Feb. IRJO. 
He bwaiuv li>?ulT<[iunT-g<!aerBl on 13 Feb. 
ISBO, and i^uivwl iLt- G C.B. on 20 June 
1S80, wb*n he censed lo be milirary tvcrv- 
taiy. In t.hni oflii^n it ia luid r.ltat ns Lord 
Fitaiay Som-.-rsel hnd ■ imriniic'd iba nspirily 
of the Iron Kiike. Sir C. Vorkn neutrnliiod 
the «inbeniut kindness uf (lie l>uke of (.'ua- 
bridm' (StOCarBLKR, Pertimal UUtory of 
Of llorte Guard*, p. 3&0). Il« wtia made 
odoiwl-coniinandnnl of tb«i Snd ballulion of 
thd rifle brifiadeon 1 April 180:1, and berame 

riunJ on fi Sent. 186a (Jn 5 April 187fl 
was appointed conatabb of iliti Towor of 
LoMkiD, and on 'i June 1^77 lie woa m»dn 
fleld-narahal. lie died in South Struct, 
Oraiiy«Dior Sqiun*. on 2U Nuv. IB80, and 
waa baried on the 'H\h at. Keneat Gm-u. 

[Times, 32!Iov.l880; Ann. Itrg. tHHU: Uliin- 
iral*d Loudon Ncm, 16 June 1S7T (purlrait) ; 



!^ir Owiign CUIiBail'a ComiiaadaiiM; Moor- 
•cid's lliMoty of Iha fiiod R^(iinMii.J 

E. H. Ih 
YORKE. OIIAIILKS I'llILIP (1764- 
IB3<),poiitipinn,bomon 12 Mnreh 17tI4,irsa 
elder KHi of fliarle. Vork- (17W-17:0) 
ro.T.1 by bin deeond wife, vider brother of 
Sir Joaejih Sjdnev YoAe [q. ¥.], and half- 
bTO(b«r of I'hilip Vorke, ibird earl of ITud- 
wirke [((.v.J lie was «!ucnt.nd nt Honow, 
and ira* adinitted n fel Inn- -commoner of Su 
John's ColtrgR, Cambridge. en I'l' Jan. 17t>l: 
beBTaduated M.A.fnm St.Jobu'sfer/iVfra* 
rv^iuin 178:t.and wan called (o the barfrotn 
(b« Uiddle Tciuplci in 1T87. Durine tb« 
winter of 17^ he apeat a Tow nioniba in 
lulv. 

l(« repnuenled the connty of Cainbridf[o 
in parliament from 178U to 1810. bvinic 
' chosen at the genrrnl elecrtion of 1780, and 
re-elected iu 1796, IW.'. IF^OD, and IbOT. lit 
I 171*2 he moved the addrfM in aiMwer lo tbfl 
bine's Bi>eK'b. He freqiii-nll^ ipok« 
parlinni'*nl, (;ennrnllT in iipponlion tn Pitt, 
and wn« n MTi'iiuoiifi oppom-nt of thf) oatbolic 
clnitns. In 1801 bniros made ipriry eoiiii>^ 
eillor, nnd oPciTili'd the post of soerelaiy I 
WOT in Ibe AddinKloii nduitmitrHlion; bu(^ 
hv sbuived anytbing bill tjwciul aplttlld* for 
iIiisoIBm, and waa iu Aiil'hM \^Ki tnina* 
ferreil to lhi> liotiie dopartmi-nl, nctinK iu> 
sncrftary unlil May 1S04, when I'ill rrlumed 
1(1 offiee. Ill, gnve hi* atCiady support in 
debute to Windlmra's mllitarr achouiea. On 
L':.' Jan. 1B08 ho spoke nt lume leuslh In 
defence of the Copetihuf^n vxpeditio4i. On 
3fi !k|ay IM}^ h« sjioke after Wilbttrforot. 
agaiogt tli'< catholif pelition. r'arly in 18101 
be micCMdod William t'drn (son of Loid 
Aiieltland), who wan dron-nnd in thu 
I'batni!*, aa onn of ihn tellern of thu ex- 
chequer, a aiiwcnro worth :.',7(K)/. a yeur, 
wbicb Rowip had ilecided that $pt-Dcar 
PerceTal would retain for liim«etf, or at [ 
le««t foroneof hinown fatiiily (Wai.mi.v, 
Lift vf I'trrriiil, ii. tlfi->>>, ' 1 "orkn, who 
waa not well off, aocepied tbe provision in 
nn iTnusivi> mnnmir. Ilaviiiff lost hii sent 
in OtmbridKeshir", whiire bin policy in 
rcfjnrd to Ihe ivnr bnd ([ito" iilfencu, tbouj^i 
b(.i n>ct<ivt'd n present of f^td plnle from hts' 
lalw const ituenlM, ho re-eiuered pntliament 
for St.. Gennains, a seat eiclian^l in 1812 
for I.isknanl. 

On 2(1 Jan. 1810 Lord PoTchMler mored 
that the Housu of Commona abould naolvo 
itself into n CMnmittoe lo innnirv into lb*] 
conduct and policy of the Walchir*^ *x- ' 
pedttioii, and Ibe motion waa rsrrii-d nfiiinst 
all tb« eiertioiiH of the ministry nnd their 
frieads, among whom Yorko va* prominont. 



b. 



Vorke 



34* 



I 



^M fla nada kuBKlfuNpooMlile lurihernrom>- 
V MBiit of ttw Maading oriff for Ibe exclmion 
«f Mnagen. The caat«^'atue» of Iii* un> 
popwiar aetian wu that Jofas 0«lo Jone* 
fq. T.J, pTcaideat of Um Britiah Forom 
D<>batuii{ SociMj, ^Ueanled Lcndoa wi(h 
liandlrilM BBiKMiDCmg tb« deciuoa of (li« 
aoCMtf that YorVe'« action waa an inai- 
d*o«* atlack upon thalibiwtjor the pnM^ 
and prapMiiifc, oaa lubicct fof (ulor* diaeiM* 
man, tho quBit«a« ' irnieh van tli* jtmatM' 
o utw |p> «pan public fiMrUnjt, Mr. Yorke'i po- 
fat«Mnmt of the slandtns order or Mr. 
Wtodban't r««eat attack upi>ii tlii? tib^it; 
of iha pren.' Yorlce complained of tbb in 
tJia eomaoBi on 10 Fab. 1^10 aa a gn>a« 
violation of thit privilrjiv of tha haDat. Oa 
31 Feb. 0»\e JouM waa eatntniit^xl in New- 
fpit«, and this \vd to Boidett'* qnutioning 
Iba Ir^lilj of tbe JKMKdilw, like ooBUnil- 
iBPni of 8ir Praoru himaetr to the To^-er, 
and tlio rii>ta of April, in ichidi Yortw't 
irindowi vnrn tba fint to b« noallivd. In 
the mme nie«th. noftMintiona with Ijord 
(lantbidr and with Uimdas banog follcn 
tfarooft''- I^^n«Tal aaloid Votlto to coae 
into ih«> isiniitrj a« fint lord of the ad- 
aairalt^. Hi» ii«n>plaaoe of At taUenliip 
and bis allitadn OTf<r ibn Walcham dabat* 

thod tnadn him ptMtmirx, Int ttiM* dilfi«)n1ti«i 
war* quicklr nuranoantad (*«« IltxiuHD, 
XV. 330). [Ir Md tbe pod. however, for 
barelv ui^tiwn moatlu, rriipiing in ihe 
aulnmo or 1811, In a hag letipr to IVtca- 
val ba kinta pTMIv clearlj ibat, apart from 
conaiderationaof hnlih, a&il the ' incmaiM 
wMrand tear ofbniineMin tba [fon*f of 
Cocninoina' (hi* ostMiiabla Botiro for i«- 
aigning), he waaaeiiut*) bva proftwad dia- 
tnut of the priaoe rrgunl. He oMife a loBf 
apeech in tb« Hoiue of CoBunona oa 
■J'l Ffti. 1913 B^in«t Grattaa'a raotMa on 
tb* ntlholic claiift« (printed with aoi«> in 
1813 br J. J. SlorldabV In iho foJIowin^ 
April tn- oppoMsd liorailtr'a ball to ' take 
avrav corruption cf blood' (ia caaei of 
lelon^r and Irruon), bis action bi-inn dictatad, 
it waa belieml, by filial pi'^ty. bia Eiitier 
liavii^ apbrid the ^oclrioe in W ' Law of 
Forfeit oree.' In April 1814 be contianad 
hia oppOMtion aliaoK aloan ; be al*o raaiMod 
tbn ontira aboUtJoa of mntilation after cxe* 
cution for hi/b tn«aon, propoainf an 
amundmc^iit, n-hith wu oTvnlually adopted, 
lo tb« •.■fleet that thL' bodira ebould b« de- 
eapital«d aAvr death (ttw moAu optnnuH 
followed in the caM of the OalO Street 
con«i>iratoi», 1*20>. 

VnrkerHirrd fmm public )iri>in1A18. lie 
had b«pa oloct>d F.lE.R. on 13 Nov. ISOl 
(TROIUO.V, Jbgw/Sbcvty, App. Ur.J; ho 



Yorice 




aUo F.S. 

Sorie<7 ofLilanlSfa.' tb'fiaa, ^ii 

Bmua S*I««<, BeckcW St|iuiv, doaa to 
bo«iMi wliM« CaaaiD^ li*rd ta lft», oa 
m March li^iM. nvBiarrie>i.a« I JalTint^ 
Harriott, dBiigbi«r of Cltariea ^laaaiaabaw 
oC ThoTM ia Svrty, vtd aiatar ^ Mijm- 
j^neral MaaaiudiMn. Ho laA mo iaa^aal 
ibe euMom of Bardmcke, to wkidb ka «1* 
hMr^maampiite, dcvolvni mom Cfauto 
Pbilip Yoakp [<|.r.3 Ute aon of hia jiainii 
brothar,Sir Joaa^ HianMKianvlodMrtba 
galkriaa in tha HboM of ComiBaaa and to 
•tifle tho WakherMi iaqoify had gaiaadt 
iMuplived BDtorictT atnoaw tba raportai^ 
and alter Ua d«Bib ibc faatOj h«d to naat 
an adrertlauaeat m the * Tbnaa ' iwwffafff 
corT««tijif boalOs aoitalate^Mita oa the pan 
of thaptwa. 

[OndaatiChatabr.:0«M.l[^ Wt.i.til; 
'Hmca. 19 MaMh 18» : Paatbwin •>! Ifu Ap. 
l%t\ liL Ml: b*br*it'« Pr«r^a. IHJt. ■.!. 
- Uanlvia>;' Oirv«>llis Conrap. IfrW.iL <»: 
W«l{i«l*'« Idh of Spencer rciv«Tg(L 1674. tole. 
Aaf. Hi. aad riL ; C—artauy'^ Pirliaawacai; 
R>p. of Comall ; DaUinga Life of PaLuMaUo : 
I'tllew-t Ufa of Addiagtoa i Lo<d CokbMM'a 
Diary. ISCI. i. UI-43.2M. 27i-S, STJ. ii- «. 
KM. 187. 130. ITS. ISO. Koattl; Mtmaa. 
IStO.ii. >11, iii.». »8. too. 132-^: Ci«ii«aJ 
HaehrlaM's Uiat. orCeoi:^ III. is<t, tr. 39». 
Enhina Ma;'* 0«miL tl'ut. iL &2 ; Marciami'' 
Hi*L of Ea(laad. 1 MM- IS, pp. tikt. 113. lU, 
U7l Addit. 3IS9L ttlH t «X 3II09 t 1«V. 
Ul 10 r. IIO. U107 L 9S : DoU kiikdlr >ar9^ 
ty R. P. Statt, taq., Ulew of ill. Jobo'*, Ca*- 
hnie«.] T.S. 

; TOUKE, ClIARIJIS PHILIP, budh 
KAKLur lUnuR>aca(17&a-18i3l,adBifa^ 
cidect aon, bj bii lint wife, of Stf Joaqfc 
Sjdnejr Vorke [q. t.], waa bora at ifjwT 
' Lodj^, SouibamptMi, on 3 April liWL 
' After lhr««) T<u« at Harrow, he cnta«d ib( 
llojal Naraf CoUm at thwuinoath ia F*- 
braory 1813. aad, baviog* paaaod with riadii 
throu|;h tbo courwt, waa in Mar 1815 af 
pointol a« a midnhiptnan to ihn IMnm iii- 
ahip at Spithead. Fron her bo waa ibortly 
mored to the LtriBtlun, and thanea to ibi 
Qu«-n CbarloltH, in which he w^ pceaeal al 
the bomberdaaent of Alcwta [aee Psux«. 
EswAss, ViacorxT Exmotttti'. !!« «a« 
thanaeattoiheI.eaBdar^ftagihii-urSirIUT>d 
Miln* [q, v.l, oa thohorih American Na- 
tion, and OB 14 Any. ISIR waa pKODOtadta 
bo lieutenant of the Phaaton. (>n 1» May 
1822 be waa made CTiamandrr, anil is 
Ait^uit 18:^ wan appoioled to the .\Ucniy. 
which he took out to tha Mnliicmatas, 
where he waa actively tnng«d ia tbeaafh 
prenioB of piiMj. On C Jaae 1825 ba «aa 



i 




onowtei] to tlw mih of captaio, nod Trom 
ISSS to 1S31 i»iiin>snil«d iho Alligator in 
Iba Moilil«rT*ii««n, for iLp iiiasi pari, in 
Qrwk WBtnn. Iln iru M.I', for Itni^tn 
ia')l-^,aiidforCiimbiridg»hiivl832--l. t>n 
the d<4tlt of hli itiiele, Philiii Vorkr, third 
owl of lUrdvickc [g.v.l, oii 18 Nov. ISSl, 
wiUmuI io»1o lAauv, Vurke Biivcevilixl to tL(> 
title. latliuI'iwladaiiDuIraliuiittf l^ILe 
m» oae of thv \or-h in wHiiinii, aiiJ wim 
•ppoialvil in lKl:> lo nilnnd <in lli(> Icing nf 
Fnuwia iluriiig hi> viiit to Knglnud. In 
ISU-fi bo coDiaimdiHl tlio Dlock Kiif[!c 
jada, ftiid carried iMclituthti continent the 
ABperor of lUuaia, vrho prMculud liirn with 
a T>lusbItT diaiaooil anulT-box. Hv had ao 
furilicr »rrvicL> in tli« nav^, uud ou I'i Jiua. 
1AV4 ws* put <>ii tbo ivtin'd liei wtlb tb« 
ruik of rvar^ujmiral, ri«in£ bv iwniorilj to 
lMTic»«dtniMloa:£4X«v. ri^,nndfldmiml 
<M S Dm. 1863. In Lord Ueibj-'a miniatry 
of tS&i Ih) waa poulmaat^r-gRMnl, irith a 
maiin iIlc ubinvi. but had BO biter oIEm 
«ic>)pt that of tonl liiTutoriant ofOambridK*- 
•bire, wbirh be bold ooDtinDoualj from Lis 
U«o>non to tbe p«MW» till hl» dmtth at 
Sjrdnejr Ijidfiv on 17 Siwt. 1S7.1. lU wim 
bariod at Wmpole on 34 S»pl. In October 
1833 ba niinvKl SiLMin ^810 IfiHft), nxtb 
ihaghti^rof Thoma* Ilunri- Li'lduU. Iir*t lord 
RkveiMsorlb, and Mt, with othur imuH, 
Cbarlee Philip (1836-18071, father of Albert 
Edward York*, aixtb and ptveant earl of 
Ilardwicko. 

(O'BjTDo'a Nut. Biogr. D!r;I. ; Nary Uits; 
Banow School KcRitt iS9l. p. -iS . Timu, 18, 
tt, 29 Sapl. IH7.1 i t'lwln'ii r<itra£«J 

J,K. L. 
YORKE, IIENIEY UF.DIIKAII (1772- 
IHlS),publiciHt. bom in [''•2,*H:int to ham 
beet) a luilivi; of Ihi- U'tit Imlii'i, but vent 
fannu^t up at Littip Eulon. near Ltrrbv. 
In 1792, under his patiTiial iiaiue of lti?d> 
bead, liapubLiah«d a [uKiiphk-t a^'fliii«t u^^-ro 
MMiicipiil ion, bill •[Hx^dily chang^il liia vievra 
OB (lMt*iilijcct,nnt' while: ona vinit to Faris 
at tbe ond of tbo aomo j-oar wrolo, but did 
notpubliBk, a refutation of hii pamphlet. 
In I^ris, ' Biadlr in lore with ideal libtrl j," 
hie wilii<-»8(^ ifie kiuga iippvaraui^u brfore 
tbe convention, and «hs iutiiuaie iriih the 
broUwn Sli«area Imo Shkailuk, 3oas] and 
other laaaabttta of UwnritiahRliih,butii«cedoiI 
liomit when a pcmiatcnt nttcDiptwna mndo 
to vote as addrroa iaritiaK llw cnnvcnlinii to 
Uberata Guglaud frcm tvrannv. Afii-r hi> 
dcipartara a warrailt fur lii* arn-al. ua h'- be* 
li«Te<l,irMiMijBed again U hiin in cmiiivquHnca 
of Uwdenanciaiion of Robert najiuent. Ha 
ludbv thin liiiMaManiod the name of Ynrh«^ 
Ho Tnotod IloUaod alber on liia way back 



to Enclftod OF at a little later period. ETe 
joinad a radical eticieiy at Derby, and in 
179.1 wu pent by it to Slialll«ld to aaaiot a 
lialnr inc.icty. Un 7 April ITM b« addwa w l 
a luTjii! outdoor niaotii>iq> at Sh«lH«1d which 
had bn'n convuned to petition for a pardon 
to Soortiah politiral ol&ndcn and for lu^ro 
etniiucipatiuii. He wa^i alleged to have ei- 
citunieil, ' Vuu behold befora you, youii{[ ad 
I an, abont twenty-Two yeara of ag«, a man 
whohaa baon concemvd in thtwrnvnlutiooa 
alt«ady,wha eMantially onlnbiiied toaem 
the revolution in .-imorica, mho contributed 
to that iu lluUaud. who iiuiterinllT awited 
in thai uf P'raiice, and who will lyinlinee to 
eaaao rvroliilioua all or«f the win-ld.' He 
wni angeled, end at the York apriiig affiixe 
of 1795 iriio bill* were found nipiiiiKt him 
for eonapini«r, addition, and libel. On 
S3 July ITBS he wna tried at York bcfom 
Sir UiIm IlOiike i'((.v.'forconipinu!T,but hi» 
GO-defetidanls — iiMq>ii Qale, printer of tlio 
'Sb«dBeld Renter, and HicLard Uaviaon, 
compnsitor— liad abaoottded. Yorke, nhtlan 
adTocntinj; parliiiBieittiuy reform, repadiati 
the boantfiil wiirda imputnl In htm, 
declared himarlf oppowd to violcnco 
ananihy. Hia ipeech in self^Kjeft^cc, hov 
ever, was believed to karc ciindu«ed to k 
conviction. On 'J7 Not, ITUIi he wna ten-i 
l«Rcmi by the kioff'abouch to Iwoyeant'im^l 
priionmEiit in Dorchnatcr Cflslle.fliiad ]00/.| 
nndivifuind to ^ivixiirelir'i of good behaviour 
for seven year*. Ele doei not ajipenr li> 
have been rolcawj lill .March I7as. Mcan> 
while hia opiuLoni had undertone a eom- 
plet« cfattDgfe. In a l^etter lo the li'Kf<irmrrs 
_( Dorchealer, KtfSj, written in prison, hal 
jimtiAed ttin war with Kmnoe. nnd im 
3 Aug. ITl'f, in a lirivmi- l.-ltfir In William 
\Vtc!khain [i|. v.„ b> dc-plorod the fate nnd 
condemned ibe views cif the hnitbera 
SliMretr [Ciutlerei^A Memoin, i. 'JoH). lie 
wrote letters for twelve montlia m th« 
'Star' under the eignatiire of AlfVed or 
(>nlt;nriia [tlivae were repriniiid in n rinaUj 
Toluine), w»« pari, proprietor of the 'Trn*] 
Briton,' rv'vuited Franeein 1802, nnd iu 1S08| 
was near bavins " duel wilU tiir Kraiteil 
Ikirdett {■]. v.], both |iarlics bein^ bounil 
orer lo keep the [leaee. In 1801 , and n^ln 
in 1811, he iesued eynop»?s uf lecture in 
i.ondnn on polillcnl and liirtoricnl tnbiwta^ ] 
Aftur a long illneui, relinqiiiihiu^ pnlilici^l 
he wna indoci'^l by Itirhanl Vnlpy [■). v.^^tnj 
nudertoke a new edition nnd continuation 
ef John Canipbell'i ' Livne of BnlLiti Ad- 
tiiirai*;' but before eomplotiuf* thin work, 
and when about Iu pracliw.- as a Wrri»<ter (ha 
lutd hnen a aludentof the Inner I'einpln from 
1801), bo waa again struck down by ilLnCM^a 



I 



uidhe<li«d*tCli*lMft«i98Jui.l813. He 
ta»nwd, m ISOO; lli* dtagliter nf Aindn-n, 
kM«r of DnrdiMcT Cwtle, utd b»d four 
cUlonn. 

In iddttian iatlkew«A*«bere»«DtMDv<l, 
b puhliabtd k lcu«T U Jokn Fitwt <I'-j*^- 
1 843) [q. *.j «Btitl»d ' TbfiM an tlw Tiaxtm 
that irTMea** Soak,' 1798; Bnpoitofhk 
tml, I7H; 'Thowfat* 0(1 Civil Qorcm- 
mnU,'180O; ' Annajiaf Itkliikal Bmnomr,' 
180S: 'UtlCTs fran Fnww,' 18(H; 'nv 
PttBtica] RpTiBW,' IS05-11. 

(Anaiul Rrgirter. xxiri'i. 47. zl. 23, lIL ISO, 
xlTiii. 4ft8: Ka* A&e. K>«. 1T0\ p- 60; Kun- 
Msa Hac. Dfctabd ITB5 kad DemmUr IBM: 
Gml lUg. pusiiD I7»<V-I8I): Afgvi, runs 
nanpaiar, IS Kot. ISOl; Moaiirar. tS Oel. 
181*9 ; FnaltDar'a ChaUi*. i. MS; HowH's 9ui« 
Ttinit: Eng. Uuo. Rm. Om. IseS-l J. 0. A. 

TORKB. JAM1-:« <jf. I&IO), bmldie 
writer, a|)pp>r9 lo havu been a bUElamitlt in 
tbe city of I Jncoln, Bnd wu, Hn Ftallw, 
'■n «lcel)(<nt irvrhriitu in his profeaaion, iu- 
socDiicli tliMt if Pii^ii*!!!) hiiuwlf would wesr 
•boo*, thia mnn alono it ill lo mnlLe tlipoi.' 
Iln in a cpn-ani. conliniiH Fiillnr, ' a* mil 
of Apollo M of Vtilcaa, turaini; liia niddv 
[•Utbf] inloa Btuddy. Aw} nlihouKh ibcrv 
M aonie miataliM [in his ItBrcnagF^, no band 
•Q •teadj- aa alwaya to liit the uail on tli« 
head, jet is it of finrular UK and iudnstri- 
oosly performed.' IlunaiDiiitaiion n|>|)otirv<] 
in lolia fljondnn, IBIO) iindnr the title 
'Tbn Tninn nf Ifanour. C^iilninin^ tlu 
Ann«i. Miitclii--'. And l»uea of llic Kin|[>, 
Itiiki-!'. MnniurK---;. ntid HnrUii of Kttgland 
from (III- l"'o(.i]ii->.t until . . . IftlO. witli 

llie Anil'- "I 'li'' !lni.'li"h Vl«m<iiit< and 
ItaTTini iiim tn iii;;, uml of ilie Gi'nlry of 
].iarolni<liin>,' irilli an nnfrniTpd title-iniee 
ituciitied to f^nrli'H I ■ by ilie lowi-it of liu 
■iibjpi't*,' and drdiiaitcd to Hcnty FVcdorick, 
tbi^ sun of Tliomas Howard, Mcond carl of 
Aruiirlvl, Tbe lu^raldry aud irvmuilofy is 
haMnI for llie iini»l purl upon MiIIm, Guil- 
lim, limoltf, nnd Viiicpnt, out the workbsa 
tfau grvixt iiilvnntn^n nf bi>in£ mTan|i«d in 
elphiibi-tic'iil ordiT of tilln*. Krom Iteli to 
1010 Yorlip c^lnims tbn ' cruatioiu nnd con- 
tiniiauFt' uf families ' m his own work. Tli« 
hislnricHl ilt'tHiln uiid (li>- list of batllM 
apponded lip dt^rircd ftwiu Spw-il mid Slow. 
I'nifisnd to tbn votnrtiHsh* dioiivulorj' versue 
br lEIebnrd Brjilliwnit.> [<j. v.]. Or. Blyof, 
Jo. I'rujpon. Kir (Jmrirn Bue: [n. T.l, T. 
I^iifrfcird. I'jlwurd HiillinKhnm, Pcwy Eo- 
d«rbv>aiid 'ninmasltEyu-oud.thoixclor. The 
* I* moil of Honour ' relaitis mini- ioteTRSt aa 
a link hetwwii Vmiriil and Diigdal?. A 
portrait of iV learned blHchsTnilii.ntTributvd 
to T. Itanlins, otlornt ilie eDgTBV(^d lilte. 



Falln^ WortkM-^ l?l). ti. 31: ValtiBsi 
Wi«tliiaB<i(Lin<«lD*hirv. litSJ.p 3«:Lo««k^ 
HU.lUii.(Iioha).p.3al»; Haclili'a CaUMiHM 
aad Kotca. t, 4TI ; Brit. Maa. Cu.] T. S 

TORKE,JfMSl-:riI, liuuis I>otui(lT^ 
KO^kdiplocaatist, the third crm of Itilip 
Yorkr, firrf cart of Ilard«i<!k<? [q. t.\ br ta 
wife Maigaivt, was bom on U4 June I'H. 
lliabrotitoniClutleaandllulinan^atpafmelr 
iMtMed. Qe waa ednnied st l>r.Newca«B» 
•ehooil at nadmey. and ent^rrd the umr tt 
•a enaign in April 1741, wajifnTro aromMni 
in thn fint rrptnent of foot duanU (CoU- 
HTtwmit wiib the rnnhof lituienatit-olf*^ 
OB 1 May lT4o, and strred as aid(^»<aaip 

10 Cnmlwrlaad at the battle of Fontiaiot <id 

11 May 174.'i. 'Mr btvlheT.' wrote Pblip 
Yorke to Horace W'alpolo, ■ who alleaM 
upon the diiko, has. thank God ! raoqwl 
without a hurt.' lie again semd iw thr 
duki''> ataff throughout (be campaign of tha 
Scottuh rebelliou, and was preMrnt ai tte 
faattltf of CuUoden on 10 Apnl I74U. la 
IflT he waa aid^^e^anp lo thu duke ar 
the battle of l.afleMt, and in Novanhc 
followiBD fan wa* Bpiwintcd aiilii ila laiif 
to tlio king. After tbii be doca not q^ifv 
to bar* Hvn further active service, but ki* 
aubaequvnt rtgiuwutal BpjKnnttBcnta wne 
u follows: on 18 March I < 06 he was mads 
colonel of the 9ih foot, «a 27 Nov. I7d0 
colonel of the fith dmgnoBt, (Mi 4 April ITST 
eotoDel of tbn I llh diagooRs, aiidoB Id Mart& 
178Beo1onclof tbclat life^uarda. In 177} 
he waa foe a short iiin<r with hi* inpOKSi, 
the fith or royal Irish drogoooa in IrelBod, 
nnd was pitenitnl with the fnNidoin of IW 
city of [itibliD. lie was peomoiled migoh 
general 00 18 Jan. 17'V^, iJeiitenaal-gaMial _ 
on It Dec. 170), and general on § Srat. ■ 
1777. 1 

The diplantatic carrrr of 'Colotiid Ifotkr' 
comniDnM in 171'J, when be aeoain{«Bi«l 
Lord Albemarle lo Fkria as MXTrviarT of iha M 
rmbiitar. lii Mav I71il ChrMerfield Wteta f 

10 liLS eon, * Mr. Vorke is by this time at 
Paris. Klflke vour court to him, but not so 
a* Co disguit. m tlie Inut, Loird Albemarle, 
who innv posaiblr di^ike your comidcring' 
Mr. Yorlie as the man of hunncMy and him 
only pour omtr la tmte.' At Paru in 
September 17A1 he askeil for an e^aaitioD 
of [lie appointment of George Keith, teaih 
earl Msnschal fq. v.', a nolorion* Jacolate, 
as PruMian amhaetador. biti rrceired only a 
•harp anawcr from Berlin ; the iDcidenl was 
long B cniise of ill-frpting in l^oodon. At 
the close of 1751 Vorke was romored fruni 
l^ris in ordet to act as Itrilisb minulvr 
at Tbe Hague. "nieDce, early in I7ii6, hr 
was the flnt to coatmunicate to Ftedoick 



( 




Yorke 



345 



Yorke 



th«( itTot news or 1 he pKwpectJTO at tock upon 
l*ru»iii by Aunlria aod FmnOP. lie probably 
got tliLMiL-wa tlirougUQolowhiii.r.li*.! Hu9«Ihii 
tmvoy St TLe Hague (_Piitiriffhf Oirrnp. 
f^ilr. dr* OroMm, liii. 9V-4!). Tbrniigh 
hid), l*tpr in IT-'iA, tho Fntnoh gdvonimrni 
cotDiitunbntnd their demand lo CieiirKc II 
thnt bo woulil puniili iLk 'briRunii*' wbo 
iuil takcu so many Frvui'Ii ubijii. In Fl^- 
bnurv 1757 hp warned Ui-.' BrilUb soctu- 
■•ry, Lord nddemiMAe, ibat tb>> ovnrtiirtw 
of Aoetria rogardiog' tbs ii(«ilmlinilion of 
HMDOvpr wrm > nrnn blind. Ilia value nnd 
uifliMtiicc were Rieadily nt)tir('i,-iBicd ot Ihe 
court of Si, Jnmen'ii. ' If, wntu W'alpote 
to Muim on 3 Sirpt. 17 •j7, ' vuu (ruutil wind 
into anv eomwiH)ud<-nce vcitli Cilciu^l Ycirki! 
uTli«*nHgue,lie may be o( ptmi service (o 
joa. ThaC family in very poiviirful ... if, 
villiMI appcarinK I<m forced, you iMuId at 
anytitnunrndbiiu uucommon lelteri.pniitni, 
Buuiifuctouf, and tliinipi of ibnt hinu, it 
miglil do jTOU good «.-rvict-,' III^ wuh ibi- 
fini to *»nd liooiu rri>iu Tbe lle^ue lbs 
Dews of Minden on 1 Aug. IT.W, (hough 
but a f*iw ivm'lin lali'r Wolpoln ineer* at 
bim for ' Ittyinjc himii'lf tnont buioHly cviTty 
ireek nt Ilia mnjcBtv'n feet witb some falnu 

S'ecK of nom,' mid alinoftt * ruiniii;; ua in 
uminations fur defeuted vit-t>>rie8.' On 
34 Agiril 17<U he was tiotuiniii'^il orii' nf ibe 
tliree pI>:'nip'>tnnTinii«:« to reprcinnl. Itritnia 
at lb" abortirn pence congT'-'* "t Aii(f«bury. 
Sbnrtly nfterw«rJii bis ■luiun nl Tbi)^ia{[uo 
waa nuM.'d to lliut of iunlu-i»ndor, nnd he van 
uut«ll«d knight of iheBdtb en :jt!MiLy I7ttl. 
la 1T64 it WB» ruuioiirrd tbut bi> wm to 
nplac« I-crd Slormont al Pjiria ; hilt, for 
•UIMB Tenrn longnr be rcniniii'^d nmbno- 
••dorat^lio tingiie. Ifit^hurd Uighy |i|-v.J 
paid K Hlate visit lu Ibe diplomntint in Iha 
mnranr of I7G1, und wrote of bim iu July 
to hia ptttrun, the Duke of Bedfonl : ' At Tbu 
Uaffue we found Yorke'ft cbarocler for pridu 
■aa liAUteur eM.Abtiiihed, whicti nindi; ii« 
doWrmino to ncruw un our dignity to tbn 
higlw^t pitch : nud it had its efTent, for lie 
wai remnrknbly niore civil Iu db tlutn ubuaI.' 
Yorke, be nddt'd, took Bu uu reasonable pride 
in iiftliug liiu)8ulf agaioit Fraucu and the 

Thi> AinhfLaiuidor'a position bpcnmn diilicult 
on ihu- outbrenk of ilie Anioricnn war, wbcn 
the Kreiich iiBrtv in Holland Btranffly adv-i- 
catcd thai the old nulionul jHilioy of frir.'nd- 
•hip with P^nghiiid ^bijuld be sbnndoued. 
VorkeaddreH>cd u prut^'BtBi.'ninBt t.bi-sp vivw* 
lo the Siatc»-Oein'nil on 'J N^v. ITi^*. In 
1771} be declared that thn BKli»ih troveni- 
mwt would seixe nnd ennfifcnte nil nnval 
•toTG* di«tined for Franco upon whicb it 



coutd tav it« haai!» In Oatcb waters. On 
i\ March 1780 Yorka madH on behalf of 
Q«org« III a formal appMl to llie S(a1 
General lo disavow Frencb «j>nipsth)ei('^ 
coupled with an appeal to tlia tipirit of tho 
trcnty of 1710. Ibit the French party in 
Holland prnrnd the BlronBer, the comii|iou- 
deiic^u, of wliieh tbc En^jllab comptain«l, 
with America wiiB continued, and Ihe oul- 
brvak of buiilililieA wait wicb dilliculty poat-r 
[loned until December l7»Hl,whenSir'Jo»eph 
Vorko left Holland. Iln win warmly n'- 
ceived by Ibe mini«ierin!i«i«, nnd Walpoln 
Innahed at bi« ' ni'irjiinper ErenlncM,' Tlio 
oppotitiim, however, led by Lis old enemies, 
the CaveiiiiiBbeB and Itiu-elU, declared that 
bia conduct a.t nu ajuboaiudor hud been 
bar»b and overbvaring. 

Yorkp ciivE> up the aeat in pnrlinmpnt 
wbie.h he bud rolnined Binet- 1751 (for Faat 
Orinntrud, I7.'il-Bl : Uover, 1781-4; anfl 
Ommiiound, 1774-fiO). nnd bbpiih to havo 
buBJed himself wilh militnry nfTairH. He was 
created Barou Hover un 1^ S«^t. 178«|i. II« 
died at lii* bouae in Hill Street, Mayfair, od 
2 Dec. ]'92, wheu the p»or«A« becam* «s- 
tiuct, bp Innviiiji: no iiduo bf bia wifa Chfi»- 
tiana Charlotte Mnrgnrat, ^nobler of Iliuw 
Henry, baron de Sii>cltoii of I>enmnTk, snd 
widow of the Huron de DoeUalaer of Iful- 
lam}, whom b« luid uiarried ul AutwF.'rp ou 
SS June ITiU. Ilia peraonalty be left 
mninly to hi' nephews, Ida houMif at Itov 
hnmpton and Hill Simnt lo bin widow, and 
hi» tirivnte nnci potitiral piipi?r« to the EnrI 
of Hardwieke, forming u portion of th« 
' Ilnrdwieku I'apers ' now in the Britiah 
Museum (ct. Gmt. Mat/. ^~'^'< "' l-l^*- 

[Memoirn pri^innt^ pur Str. le Cbdralier 
Vurlui Ii> 111 Nov. ITHO A loura Hnutci Pui»- 
»HD<r*w ; jli^oim ^M iv^ri KA'v-llnht'o M. lo Chav, . 
Yorke tlnni UUP toofiirFDec aveo lo* depul(«dou 
Klnt*-Q«aoTanx, t Kav. HIS; WotmiaUAj 
Mnipuin*, Afiril I7R0 (»i1h portrnil); Anuna 
Keiriatn', ITPl: C'ollino'H I■l<«m|:^ 17TSv. 319, 
\6yt iv. Wl : O. E. Ctokayneja Cumplalo ] 
ago (York# i» heiv wrongly doHribod a* fle 
mnriihal); Brulaiin'a Pnlltirnl ladnx. nJ. ij. 

«4«ini ; Bi-dford Curracp. ii. 3.^, iil. WS, i't ; 
I'alpote CortTsp. rd. Cunuinsbam, iii. 363. tr. 
84, ISO, Sai. VI. aOQ, vii. 301. 4(18. «98, viii. 
Ifi, IS, le. SA, SHA: Walpnlo'* llnmoiia of 
(ieorgo II, and Uvmuin of HvtTm III, rd. 
IlMker. i. 4) : Stanhapc'a Uiit. of EnEUnd, vii, 
(14, 12U; Wnddingtun'* Uunrre da Sopt Adb, 
1809, p. Ifll ; TuiiIk* Fr»il«ri>-k the (IraaL. ii. 
ISA: MndjiFbtun'B William Anituataa, LHiVn i>f 
Cunibirlnnd, IS76,jjp. 111-16; Honic^i. IVtiri- 
piiliiiii •)* la Fmncn s rKtitb. dot Etntv-Uoia, 
leSQ'Si. ill. i!8: rourtnay'a Hnrliamonlary] 
B«pnmial*tioa of (.'omitidli p. 193; Ecerloft 
USA. S70U, 37U> (eomip. with R. GaaaiDE, 



k 







i>«»dfc«ri lilitil.«»i ai'tte 
Ww»«M «M ta 

Ui iMB <■ fiMt .r tW liM «r T«aM 

mil ilairiTrjiiB ^|-1 Ifl" ObAJm. mWt ii»a.^i»«f« 

1814 h» »M M>Ai ft yJBii ■■ImwI. RiX& 9dk^ brak« of S»inM SdMi, 

a«SJaLieiS.aW*te<»lMBJBlTi8KL thMacaftaakMt tvonnaf *«ten^ 

"j* J ' % ■ " r ■ " ' ' ' 9XaT.17Oe^Mdc>IMl0tkbBMS7Sv 







^ 




Yorke 



547 



Yorke 



1715. He itftcnrnTJs, on 'M July l7'Jt, nii- 
smted la Liiicolu'9 liiii.of wLiclj in Iba fol- 
10WtiigXav«»i)M>rli<^ wnsvk'otoil boiicli^rniul 
tMMnHT, anil in 1 7'2K miuilor nf tli* llbnrv. 

Id tli« -.Siweutor' of :» April 1712 I'liilip 
JSoBoabrad dbcourwajudicictuiilv nntl aoc ia> 
«l(nntlyDn Uie ^lurilitj-of atudin); rnn'lstU 
OD forei^ lnt*el. Tliis modMt purfurmauce 
is aaefibcid hf oturlv uul Dtvdible indition lo 
Torfce> v»A, if autbratic, i# noi witbout bio- 
gt^Ucsl intWMt. It ^bnl*. hoireynr, no 
MMoa to nsiwt the •trictnMii triUi which be 
on tha iriiiMo dcTotcd binuelf to bla \ngtd 
atadiai. 

AnKiDg York^'i HHrly niuiocitttcH were Iti>> 
tM« (afterwards ViscouDi) Joceljn [q.i^-] and 
ThomM (aftmrirards Sir Thomna) pKrkef 
fq. v.] Bj tiM lalti*' he wiu inlrodiicvl to 
Liard MM«l«iillirld, In whom hn fnund n 
p«troit and fricnil. Ifc^ihui nndi? Iii*d*but 
rery tujiy, Imib in ibi.' ciiurts and in iiarltn- 
menl. to which ibe Pelham iatunfil sucurvd 
Ilia Kliirn on i!\ Anril 1719 for Luw-^o, and 
*ft«rwnrd», on SO Mnnih USI-i'.for Si'afut-iJ, 
vhieh h« cnnlmuod lo n'prpsAiit until tiia 
ttlcvMion to tlin yieifiniie. Ilii mndn liii flnt 
recordfd vprarh m ibi-- dRbotn mi going into 
COUBiittfr on th<< lucuBure doclontor; uf tho 
supKmaev of ttl<^ Itriti*h orer tlie Iruli 
parlianim't ( J March 171d-^). Theapevch 
>pp«r«ntly ntabliahed his rvpuiation as a 
conitittiiinnaliit ; for a f<nw dnjs lM«r be 
wiutwoTti in an Knlicilor-gnnflral, in lucrnfi- 
sioD to Sir Willium 'J'hooipiHin [q. t.J On 
II Jitn# fultowinj; h« w^iu kDiR;Iili>a. lie hail 
prsTioiwly Umi clputdd to th<.' rci^orilcrthrj) 
of DoTiT, which hi> ivtainMl tlirougboiit life. 

Aa Milicilor-)[nn*rHl Yorke ossialvd Sir 
Itobort )>ayniond [n. v.] in th« pronecotion 
of the Joflobiti! conipimtor Chrintojihnr Layer 
[q, r.} Ill' alao took A lubordinatu part in 
tho ]N«C(wdinga kgainat Atirrbmy and bii 
MBIKMted JbW- ATTBBncBI, >'KAs'cii]. On 

31 Jan. 17^3-4 he Bucce«d«<] Raymond a* 
«tarnar'|!0'>enil. The lOipeacbDi^nt of ly:>rd 
Mitoel«S«ld wns ihnn inipendinj[,aiid in ilje 
ordinary counv it would hare fnllm 10 ihe 
attonii-y-Ki-uotBl to coDdimt it, YotIm thiiit 
found faiiuicif in a puutjoD of cxtrnmn div 
licaoyi for what duty prKwribrd frii'ndahip 
^trbad^. The gTivvmiueut ivii|M.-ali.-d bii 
KTuplm, and p»iniilt«(] hiin tii lievolvo tbo 
mniumcinont of ibn impeach man I iipriii ib^ 
polinlor-irenonil. Sir tlb-inpnt Wparj; [<j, v.] 
Ilia own pro&uional hnnniir wot imntncu- 
late, and mi^bt well bate iitduci-d him to tnliv 
• Mvere view of Maceledield'ii cai« : hut 
charity and (be setife of pentounl obIi)catiua 
pniinit><d,nnd bis iiitiuiai^y with tbiM-arl wtLt 
neithrr mntqreJ nw trapaintd bylheouDvic- 
tion. llcahowcdauDuUrg«aerMiiytowards 



political ufltfndvn, and, thuii^^ binudf iho 
quinl<'Ji(«ncn i>f whigvioin, did uol Eul to 
lupporl tbi! hill for ItoTiagbroWa tU»litulvOB 
(■20 April 1725). 

llo wtj OB mui^b nt iiarac in the wnAtw U 
ill tbe forum, and rvmlercd Wnlpol* *i^al 
eerviee by hia defencr of ili« (itiaii<.-ial i-xpt' 
dimla adopted on th^ rupture of itiplumatie 
intrrcoursii with Austria (.Acril I7l7), 

CoDtiniuid in office on tbe acMatiuQ of 
Ql-oi^ 11, he conducted in tbe aarlyyean 
of lbs iinK r«i|{]i »c*cial cow* of inara ihaA 
ordinary public interi-at, amonjr thnm tho 
prfM'CUliuiuiorEduiun'lCurll (j.v.jCMichovI- 
inns lerm 1727) fur ohiceiiu libvl, uf Tbomaa 
WoolatOD [q. V.I for blaspbem}, ofWiUiani 
llaln (9 Die. 1738) for the c>>nv«niJo«i of 
Icthrr-franltK into negotiable inslrunii.'tits, of 
lliL' cE-wnrdnni of the lli'ct Darabriden and 
Ilugginii(l72S)) Icrr murder rtcclUMiiKIDnti, 
'rnoHis], and of Hiuhuid VrnDckliu, pub- 
lislicr ol ibe 'CruftsDiiLU,' fur tedilioua libel 
fcf. lUruoxn, liouKRT, I.0RI1 Riyxoxd]. 
IliibcaiiQt[ii>'beMi,ani) icdoedinull.cr'twn 
cane! bli^ndnt vi|[iliittcn and modernlion tit 
happy contrut with tfac cxeoMivo teal dis- 
playwbjraoBiaofhiaprwlccaaiow^andaiirTed 
asan ensamplB to hta iruecusNKa. lu parlio- 
Bienl b« proved a mainstay to tbe Kovem- 
ment in Ibe beatcd debalm on llio lletaian 
nod Swedish aubcidins (7 Fob. l7iSl). the 
r<)r«^ loan pirohibition bill [21 1'eb. 1730), 
thL' uTitir caiimntes (28 Jan. 17.tl-2), and 
tb(?fifim bill (11 Morch 17aZ 3). At the 
bar he lind now but one rival, Cbariea Talbot 
(itfiorvnnls Ftaron Talbot) [q. t.], and a* a 
c>-initiinn-lnH'irtnctitioDerc?ciiTalboIwBiihtt 
aoknnwlfid^i^d infiirior. .Vccordinsly, on tbe 
drnth of Lord Koymond (U .March 1732-3), 
I'albot won rp»en*ed for llie chancel kinhip, 
wbii'b the de4.-ru})iiU(li!iir Lord King promittd 
HOou to Tucate [see Kiico, I'tTBB, tint LoHO 
Kixo], and Y'urue, iit^vr tuuuidHluy, accepted 
the vacant chiof-ju«ticeship, with a ralary of 
4,OflOV., doiibin that of his predvcMbor. He 
WDn invoied witli the coi rand appeintvddief 
juatice 011 3] Oct., wm awnm of thn priry 
council on I Nov., and on 23 Nor. wan crt-atcd 
Baron llardwickf of Hnrdu.'ic^kd (n*hcn> be 
hud nlreadv i> xwt) in OIouctBlenuiire. On 
Si* March 17^^ he was (dwtml recunlur of 
Oloiicesler. 

llardwicke lt>ak his si-at in the Iloiife of 
l.on!i on 17 Jon. 173.'i-4, and aa 2^ )larcb 
foliowioK diitintiuiahed himnelf by hii cHro- 
Live and dii{iii6ed reply to Lord CbntcrGeld'a 
dlrlcturis upon ibe royal in*aM([e amioiino* 
ingan iininedialH ansmuutalion of ibc forces. 
Tht- nnr of iLe PoLsh succ^sifiom was tben 
raging, and wrved as a proiext for tbe mea- 
sura. But nordwicke saw ia it a sMuritf 





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348 



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» 



r. 



fordaBMl)ciraiu)uiltiiy,ihcnjeafMrdi*edb7 ' 
■ wideoprcad apini it AuaSvcitoa tad law- 
in»nfn< U»tli<irerorvr«8iM«d theraduction 
of the uid; propowd in th* followinq; jf*f, 
balmd Noirriiitlo to morvkUi ■ tnRaniTi! 
BtMibiring thn pTMBDM of tiM militorr in 
Doramgha ut Election time (13 April), iwd 
g*ve tbo nnotion of bis auihonir tu tlieir 
emploTineni tOBUppraw Um •pora^fiF rioitof 
tlw aumner. flo met tlw etanfrpiucj ot the 
PbTteous riots witb eqiial Snuneu ; and tho 
Tvtribution mi'tiNl out bj parliftmenl to tbo 
cit; at ICdinlmrKli fnll for ihnii of llin mMi> 
wire iii> ori((inallj- drnflfd b_v him (1737), 
Sliiriug tu iht full tliu horror uf 'per- 
ituiliea cliiinK-li-ristic uf tlio lawjer* of 
lis ilair, HaTdwi(-k>> tiilfcrvd iLe exMSMml; 
Btring^nT Mortmnin Act of 1731! to puu 
witlioul nrlipr nnK^ndcncnt thnn ttiR cxtinp- 
tion of parctiniwa for toluabln coniidcmtion. 
Tbn nnrrowni-jH of bin cliurchmoiuliip w«a 
evinCi.'d bj tbu ulrFiitiuusriTUstaitct! whicb. in 
i:uiii.i;rt witb Tulbul, bt- oQt-rwl lu h m«ii?ur« 
of the aame aeMJoo fou- ibe Buipiiduiriit of 
(hs uitiqualed ftnd vexatious proc«diirv for 
tbn ineoTPrv of tilhmi. Whnij Talbot wim 
unobli! to atlrntl xlw Ilnuu' of Lord*. Ilnrd^ 
wickc suppliinl bin ptitn.- ni upookor. Ilu ww 
BO iiittEU); uu Talbot's dvBlIii nnd nns coa- 
linut'd as apMkvr ky an irrHf^ularly ik-hIihI 
coniniiMion (Ifi Keb. I'SiJ-T) iwnJiujf upgo- 
tintioiw irbirh tnrminAlod in lii" acceptance 
of th« KTi-at ni'al, with a promiiw of Uie tfi- 
Tcraioii of a tollL'rsbip in ibe i!Xch«(|UAr for 
bis i-'ldi-'iii *.in (21 I'cb.) He n^toincd tho 
cbit^f-justiccsbip until H Junu, wht-n he was 
Biiccivdi-d br sir ^'illiain Lm) [<]. r.} He 
hnd no tioooor recoirud tbo great, eoai tban 
tlie kio^ thrust unon bim ibe irksome duty 
of baimng to tho IVinco of Wains a macuga 
conenminti bi« nllownnce, coucbnd in teroM 
tlie barBhiicH* of nbicb thn cIiaticFllur in 
vain atlvmplL-d lo miticalo. flu wiu i-quallj 
un»uccvB«ful i[i bis suuiMut'nt cndMTOura 
to pour oil on ibe ttoublt'd watera [aeu 
Fkbiikiiick Ldt-TK, I'liixc): ov Wm.isiJ. As 
Nowcutlv's conlidiinl and mentor, Hard wicllo 
now Iwmin to fit-rt an influi^iicn on tbs 
course of politi™! nlTnir* nbich was fur moro 
rttil tbno BpjMirpni. He n-'viied tbu SpDnisb 
GonTenlioii of I'W, nud afti^r Walpole's full 
bi.' brctuDH till* orOiuar^ draftsman of tbo 
king's apcith, iben a tnuch mor* important 
docuroi'ol tFisn it is noir. During ibe king's 
■btoncc* frnni tho nialra in 17-10 nnd subs»- 
quent j'enr* he wnn n innnbcr, and by no 
mcaai the lea^t iuBuiinlioI nietnbrr, of the 
oouiicil of n'p.-ncy [we Gbokoe IIJ. IIU 
foreign politii' wua on tbr wbolc psfiific, but 
be discerned ibe inevilablmeHH of Tbe war 
with Spoin someirbat earlier than Walpol«, 




amd went into it witb morn gusto. 
poVs adtntcijttratiuti, howevvr, Le 
at 1&i]go sod in detail agsinst OailenA 
attaek (13 F«b. 1740-1), and to bis Bervoot 
and iiniiwdoacd cloquencn was probably dir 
the iM«at of tbe imquiloiu loRasuic for in- 
demnifyinK «itn««aM sj^iiut tbe Eallto 
minister Vi6 May 1742). He retwaedtke 
great seal duriw Ixird Wilmii^tcai's b3- 
minunrAikin, ud slso on tbe KVeaaiM tt 
Hvniy PulbaiB [q. v.] to ponmr. ThsMslcith 
bis policvwiu 10 maintain the pfwlosniBuar 
of ttta I'elluun intervst. In this be «m 
pwhapa iuatilird, for the choice lay betwon 
tbe Peluanut and Carlrivt ; and C«itertl, 
iboogli incoupar^Uy superior to Nnnaitls 
in ability, was bf iw meaixs a aafi- man or 
0*17 to work wiih [k« CiKntKCT. Jonx, 
Kaiu. (iiusi'II.u:; and I*i:i.iisit-nDU», 
TiiUMXB, X>i7SB or NEWcan'ij>t'ras-Tiii', 
NcwoMtle me taaj and foolith. but llir^ 
wieke well knew how to manage bin, and ia 
great emmeBoies was able 10 aialu bit will 
prcTstl bota in tbe cabins* and in parliaiBtot 
T'> bim wM due tbn inMrtion of tbe atlaladcr 
clauscf In tbu act of 1744 roalliag cone 
upondcnce with tiic youn« I'mtvodrr or bis 
brolhon puniihnble Id bigh ttvaann. a ■troog, 
not to say luirBb, rnvMBure wbich the oient 
proT«d to be inelTicacious, but which, coa- 
sidvrinff the crBcliy of the cnii^ ia not la 
be cond<<inn<>>i on that acconnl. Tbe tt- 
hellion itsolf, which QranTillr tninitniMd 
and Newcactlo inafrniSod, while oiben of 
Ibe rej^nts Rbowi^ aigos of duaSNlica, 
Hardwiuke mtimaled at oaoe in its tiw 
propurtious, and with quiet almawa tesk 
ibe necesiSLry ineesiin!* for itA supfiresuoa. 
He also conposod iht^ diniifled and patiieiic 
speech with which the kii^ OB his nms 
opened parliament (:i7 Uct.) Inpresidinf sf 
Lord hi^ stvwsrd at the truti of the rabil 
lords, ilardwicke dispUyn) judicial fst< 
partiality. His tone, howerer, was Mitba 
as di^iQed nor as nugBsninone as tke 
occssion demsndodi nor can be eec«l>a k- 

rsibitity for tho porrcnion of jattioc ia 
caw of Chark* Itadeliffo [lec Botv, 
Wii.UAU. fourth BtBL or Kii-XAKNucSi 
Klpiilssto^cb, AKTHrn, sixth 1^RI> Bt^ 
MEK150: Fkaser, StHOK, twelfth Lab 
Lovit; MarsEystK.OtoBax, thiidEABL* 
CttoXftKTT; aikd Radcufte or Rakxt 
jAxts, tltird EiRi. ur DKKwtnrrwATTiil. 

llanlwicko was prinMrilj rmpoDiublo for 
thenuhtQucntlcpidativDineusnrcabrwhitt 
the use ot ibe lughland coetiuM was made 
Lllugal, tbe onkr of Soottiab iKwji 
v^KOpeliaa cli-rgy declared invalid, ibr fo] 
felted eat«t«e vr^re aniwixed in pein-iuitj 
ilie orown, and the aibttrsry and QIh' 



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^ 
N 



i 



liHrilable juriK)i«tioas superwded by a re- 
giiUr impini*! Ailffi ill isi ration of jiialioe 
up<>ii tli>> Kii^iih niod«L As dnftAiotR of 
tlU It<!f[cncT Act pa»M>d nn die doatli of tlut 
'Princ* of AVnli-s l)'*>l). h« ftave gitat 
oflToMW to CnmliprlnQd 'le* OdoMB IF), 
which he incnswd by rtiflinff tlu-invertiga- 
iMo •>f ib« chtiVRi of jftc»uilistn hvou^-lit 
utiin*t \\i» prit»c«8 f iilounm [tee MpitnAT, 
WiLUiM, Hnt I-liuL or HuRnn.l*]. I(n 
Minportod I^H ('iMotAiiirlifa reform of thn 
cumdar (liSl) and carrtM a rvform of tho 
Bwniofre law (lTf>3). Tliu latt«r In(^aHure 
TeUET<<d Bubitd and Wde* frum tliu 
•candal of clanilMiiDe marriani (mcfliWr* 
of th« T•^y»X family, tli« Jewidi and i|uak<n' 
iKimmunitiM alone eicopt«dj; but by n>> 
i|uirin|f oolfninimtion •ccoiding to iMlaw 
anil ntual of thd church of KR|[1uid in 
cburcliM or chaprU nirradv uiurd for the 
parpoae, and invnlidaliDg in^nta' marriagM ' 
by licpn»e iriiboul couMni of parenla or , 
guanliaiM, it produci-') a crop of griorancM ; 
which wcrv only ^TmliiaUy remornd by 
anendinti act*. In I"'.'-') it wiu fioolly 
»npnB««!fd by ilic mfn-'ure wLicli furau tli« 
baiU of iho jitvwnt IftW. | 

Oa till- dtaih uf Iluur)- ]'elhaiD (6 March 
17<'>1) llardwicki- maaaMd the Dcigotiation 
which plun^) NVwca«tl« at the treaaury. 
Bardmcki' liiinH<'lf rolaiiMd th« ^tMt anal, 
and was rewarded (i April) for bia long and 
MoiiwDt scrvicM b^ tho titlM of Karl of 
Ilardwicko and Viicoiint Koytton. He 
■urmuiriiUy dnftindcd the llanorcrian viih- 
nidiary Iri'utiea [kw Ueobub II^ aod di>- 
fentird tb>' militia bill of 17&0. In the orina 
whicli fi>lluwi.>d tliu lo(i» of Minorca ke ra- 
nimpd ofllci- ihorllif after NowcMile (1ft Xov. 
liBO). nit opposition to thr propoaed rt>- 
lesae of Byo^a j"<^g** trom tlicir oath of 
aeCTNj woraahanb andiiciiiicrn^Branco, 
of which thp womt i* nadi! by hii inTctemte 
onrmv, Ilorsoe Walpotf. O't Byng'fl guUt> 

bowcvitr, Ilnrdwicke liad uo shadow of 
doubt; and by his imintale ralntion* with 
Ltnd Aumb he was exceptionally qualified 
to fona a judjiiTneiit. ' Itynii,' bn wrote to 
N ewcaalle, R Feb. lT'i7,'waiildnot Mildown 
upon lieJinK^nni^rn! in throtily wijiuwhicb 
he wax ■llavkalila bi^cntiw ibere wnuld bu 
rink. Nut an utliceT or e loldicr was lo be 
laniled nt Port Muhon becsDte there would 
be diiugcr in ii.' Thei* csn bs liitln doiiht. 
thut tbe«e wordn nro an ■x'boof whnt lialind 
heani fnim Anuin, ami tliey imply ihit 
Byng** eonduet, whnlrvcr its motinf, waa 
ao cicceiivcly cautious aH to be tantil- 
raount to deeertion iutli>- face of th«4ii9mj. 
In any case, tho relvsw of a court-ntartial 
from their oath would liaTC boeD k prrcodcnt 



of dangsTous and iacakulaUo conseqiaeDoa 
which no const it tational bwyvr could bo 
cipoetMl to ajipiOTc. 

On the nuiflnation of Peraoshini, Hard- 
wicko plarrd the port of honest brofcor 
betw«;n Ntiwcaatle nod I'ilt, but did nob 
t«sum« office. Tu I'iti'* fora^ policy be 
nve a meral «tipp>Tt, hut on the fall of 
Quebw Mcaau aolicitous fur peace. 

llewaarMwont ot the pnry councitoK 
the acoefsion nf QeoTi^ ID. whoae flnt 
*pwch hu drafted (minua the paMoce in 
which the king gloried in the naawoTBri* 
Urn). He approved of Bute'* appointmnit 
to tW northern rmIs (25 March 17(11), and 

{'oined in iha r«voU araiast I'ilt on llie 
Spanish war question, bnl decliiird Itutc'a 
■nbrnuiont o6er of the Privy seel (IS Not.) 
He followed Newcastle into oppoiition 
(May 170$), and took a prominent part 
acaJlUt the gnvetsmeul in tho d«bate<i on 
tn* peace of Paris <0 Dec 17ti£) and Ibo 
ridef tax (38 Brarch 17a»). In the Wilkea 
a^r he was against (he gorcmmeDt on th« 
qucetion of gencml waimibi, and with 
then on the question of ptiTilt^, but waa 
preclude by itl-hualih fh>m ntaking anj 
public proiiouncemi.-ut on «ther question. 
On both qiiiiAtiiin^ tits riuw nlliniatelv pro- 
tailed. With WiJkeo perKinnlly lie lisJ no 
aort of aympathy. "Xort'i Briton' Xo. W bo 
held lo be a Mdilious libeL lln nUo held 
thu lii((h Irgnl dorlrino which rustrifiled tbe 

C'y m libel cadiu to lh« dctfrotinntioin of 
n? queetiona of Gu^, end Low far he waa 
prepared lo go in reelrainlne the libvrty of 
the poM he bad ahown in the earlier oaaeo^ 
Paul Whitehead [a. v.] by moving the 
•tandinft order prehibitbg tho minmhorined 
publication of livaa of poem, whirh wiw only 
vBcntiKl on the eve of the publication of 
Lord Caupbell'* ' LivM of the Chancellors ' 
(32 July l&Jo). 

ITardwicke died, aft«r a lintcenng UIimm^ 
at his house inOrooitnorSquareonS Msnh 
I7fM. His rcmsiuN were remond to his 
sent al VVimjiatn, Oambtrideeafaire, and I&- 
_t«ired ( lo March) in the familv vault ad- 
joining t hi? chureh. Witiiin the church is hia 
moDuraviil in Siena coarble by Schuemaknrs. 

Ilardwiche figured as »olicit."r-geiKTiil in 
IVrmrn's hiatoncal picture of the tourt of 
clinncory, now in llie National Portrait 
(lallury, whcrre i» also a aketch of him aa 
lurd otmctdlor by_ an unknown hand. A 
copy uf his portrait by RexoBay i* nt Lin- 
coln's Iiin. Eugmvingii from purlroitd by 
lldlit, Ilodson, and Hoorp are in the British 
Mmi'iirafrf. hi* L^e bv lUiinis dlvJ infra, 
nnd -^Coti-iics, fint'iA Calfitul, No, -Ifl: 
Cat. Stfontt Loan £ri.4. No*. 268,331, 78^. 



1 



of BriMoL ipuwM W of iba FMMliaf flob 
ptal. and iMgh Mcwwd (mm««d 4 July 
17I9> of tiM ooiMtaty of Ouihndn, frau 
wkid ha Ncnwl Om diOM af LIJ}. nn 
UJiuwUftS. lb «w2a P Jt^ (clartad 
ia 3btcfa 1 7U) nd ■ tiwtM of the Jtntiirii 



II«id«>dm BufMd, at 1« »*T 1710; 
Uujuet, dMgkur of OivIm (Vwk* of 
WoicuHBf fct So«x» or Soaana, Joiis, 
I«DKS .SoKOal uid vidnw oT Jolu> Ljuofi, 
b; wboiD b* Wl twilh I<n> daugbtcn) Grc 
HM. Du heir, Pbilip; ka MCOnd odo. 
Cbirfaa ; and ki* tluid MB, JoMpb. uw «U 
wpaisbelT noticed. Hh lb«ftit Ma,iofca, 
died is li69iel*TkarilMcra«itutcbMcMTi 
■Ml Ilk Ifth Km, Jams, in IMe, bkhop of 
By. Ht*«Uarikaf[)Ucr,KtinbMk,BUTi*d 
Goim*, laid Aiwon [q. t.1; hia jotumr 
dangwr, Slar)pu«t, maniiM, in 1740, sir 
Oilicct HtMbooIe, Urt. 

Hudwieke was om of tlia hunttomm 
ia«a of hk day, aad, tbowli of & ddicat* 
Con^liMliaa, proMmd by Umpprslfl iiHn^ 
•nn iR aU a^ Uio alaaticitv sod mioii of 
joutb. Hi* panoaal advantegM, wlucb in* 
eluded a BUMMal "oicoL cnhantwd tba eAct 
of hi* alognaBW. which bf iU M«u1t ck»- 
netar wac paciJiarly adafMcd to ibe Ilo«a« 
of Lord*. Hia atateamaBdiif wan of a tom^ 
what Huxcd tjpo. Wbila bU corJana and 
naiMica dujiae tba JMobiio rsbdtion d«- 
til 10 »nn«i«t».j jw.—- ^- J..I0- it mn>t not 

bo fbiyottaa ibat the lobollkw itaelf vat 
tba oi)a*n|ueiioc of tbe «ntw|hB0Bt of ibo 
«o«a Ut ia t be war of tba A Uibiati Heeeamoo, 
for wfiicJi. joiutl J wiih N>w«««ilo, Ilard- 
wLcke na rpfpoiwible. IIi« pko fbr Uw 
nacilication of ficothod ptwcati a ttraMjen 
DUrndinf of wiadooo akd foUj. Few nea- 
•Uioa mva baoM oMwa jndieioua tban tbe 
abolition of bcritablo jnnadiotioD*, few Imh 
«o tban theptnacriptiiMiofiho ucun. Ilia 
foTcifpi poller ii pwhans ^islj open to tbo 
dum of (ktfllneaa. Ue wa« ekiMj rMpon- 
dbk nr tbo MOelMatioB of t ho pMco of Aix' 
la^Cbapelle, on and in itaelf aminenllj d>>- 
ainbl*, but an-i>mpliiUi«d in mndo denra.- u 
tbn iMptinn of iHir allv, Maria Tborna. It 
i* olio a rocUnchoIv ^sct lluti in 17^'2 be 
W1U portr to a kIi^qm for wouring lb» 
eWlioD of a kiag of ■!>« Ronin* by abeer 
COfTujxtion. HUd^nrtinn of Pitt (or Bnto 
in lifll, and bii aulxHiiiMint daamtion of 
Bnto for Pitt, batia^ a lamtnlabln want 
oithipr of jndicincot oc of reaolution. Hi* 
ooiMitutionolum wtu aoniawhAt itilT, not 
to aaj antiqnatcd. Hia eppodtton to the 



of tbeailiiaa wnatkUnani 
hf i&a «U vU^ ffijadk* aigntnct pcfwaoMt 
niSui; iWihhilii—BtB ; bat tm aobcinili 
fnr Ubwnr £d not fnrimt Ina 60m fm- 
ponin^ <)>B7> for nawlv half a CHtrgiT a 
nutcb fdad retort of tbn procaaa hf «» 
rf AoAen* e»>p«» nt eoouBOn law, nd kr 
the liboiT ortbe ptoM b« ena bnrd^ ha aiJ 
to hsTO had anj' rv-m-t whatever. Bia »■ 
««naoe for th« T<- ■tiiation m bri 

by tbo remlaiioc - - waa aIn»oa aa- 

bonadad, uad b* approacfard tbo toik vl 
lcKi<latiaB rrlanoatiy, and aulr nads 
pCiWiiri nf whnt ho bcUored to he o^fHl 
aisoeantj. 

Ataaof Bnriitb lawjnn faia mition i* 
oaiqoe. With leaa than iba orabnty ad- 
nnlafM of odncotioii, ha Mwrad nior* tfat 
uxttfuttMU in jontb far omeno whicb Moall; 
tax tbopawenof mntarpafrc. Ui*eoat*nitT 
falfitlaa the prooniM of liu prime, and ku 
later earner crawned tbe whole wilh «b- 
pemhaUe loatn. The t«m of hit dnrf- 
jmlimwliin wa<, indeed, too briaf ani 
ilMvVrtful to aflbed bim an oceaaion U 
ditpIayiBg bia qnalitioii tn tall odTniua|E. 
but during bis proloiuMl tennrc of tbe mat 
•aal tbcy found anui acope m bad aeta 
allowed to none of In* ptcdooeaauta ; nordii 
be fail to tum hia oppartnnity 10 neilb 
acMunt. It ia bardly too tnnch to aay ilai 
in the coune of Mnnwhat Imw than twaolr 
}n»n ho tnuitfortncd r^oitv from a chaaa of 
prvcmhrnLi inio a (cii'ntific aystein. Tlv 
pand Nf olution be etfecled in tbe qiiMl. 
naobtiunnv alnoat inpetoeptible mnnn* 
in wlueh tbo moa dnmblo rennlta an 
osuallr uUafed. Far from dMpMtnff pr^ 
cedent, bediligf ntly anuftht for and folMind 
it vhen»T«r jintcticable. But ibc UMwkid 
ho DMdo of It wai lueb a> tb* BaeoniM 
philoaopfaar mnktn of the in«tanoee poHitn 
and negatire npon which ha fo«ad» n gOB» 
nliaation. Each cnae as it moo befcre bin 
be reviewed in the light of all diaeorcnU* 
relerant authoritiM, ud aetwr roaiod tiatil 
Itt had «liai«d fioin tbem an imnlliyihtt 
gpoand of decinon. ^^'here Kn|tli*l> V*" 
eedenta fiulad be drew freeljr npon the 
blaming of tbe einliniw, and, in tbe iM R- 
•ort, upon bii on luce and lumiaoaaeaiw 
of oatntal jiKtien. Tbu in Itardwidn de 
rational and an^tectoiik fpint of tba Bo- 
man jurisorodMie* panotnted Kn^lidi 

3uit;, wiiA tbo Kualt tliat in a nraltttiid* 
intticala quMrtiaiia hii deciiion* bam 
tmond tbe lino* within wbicb hi* —LmMOW 
baTo nndeTialingly preeeeded ; and cteoeaad 
fruiiMat KTuttnr haa ou]r eemd to can- 
finn their auiborily. Uiajudcnientit i^ici 
in iarpoitant caeee warn nmlly writMB. 






Yorke 



35» 



Yorke 



WVn- a!wBri modiJs of Infpi^al ■rraUEenitfiit 

and ii'-npkuoas 8tvl«. Onlv tluw of lli^m 

' mer<i ttttr tw'iewm hj l)i« Uvuse of IiorJ*, 

wad in *««li cue the dtc'inon won alKnnpd, 

I 111* pkucily (ifaiipciilii, howvvrr, if no lioiiht 

i in put nttribolnblo ta ffan fuel that: tIirou|rb- 

onl hi« ti-nure of the Rn-nt •enl lUpdwicK' 

hiniwlf w-Jit BCtiiutly thi> (nle IdW lard. 

}Iis priiicijnl ivpi^rtvn aiv : BarunrdlMOD, 

CoiBTna, Iliiii(»way, Atiualv.SiwDjB, Wcit, 

AtkTin, AmbUr, Vpscy ^nior, and KVn- 

yon (Mio nlio 'Oillnctniuu Jiirulica,' 1791, 

ToK i. No, xvii). 

In (he pccti^iiulical pMronaffi- whicli, 
jointl}' villi Nrwcajtle. lie dU{iaiiiHHl. Ilurd* 
iri<li<-*)iUwi-deic«IUuCjtid^iuriit[i-f. Birch, 
TliolUli, D.D.i BttADLET, Jimrji; flrTLCR, 

Jng>i:rit ; I'r.iiEci:, Zu'iuhy; 8i»'ki:i(, Tiii^ 
jf4s: SriKKLOCKiTioMuj Trrxcu, JuNittil 
lie ii nid to hnvn bnrn nTnriciou*, uid it 
>• curlaio that be apprvciatcd wealth U iU 

, fuU niue ; but. lliouph he amuwed on im- 
BMOM fortune, u'> saF|iirion of orruptioa 
trrrr millio'l lii* futr fame. IVitli iu public 
noil privalc^ lifi hi* mainlniii-iil an impor- 
tnrbahli! uriNinily of manner; and. if hardly 

i ■ nnul caBi|iiiniDn, h« wai a firm frinnd 

. ana ■ ipiud hiubund ntid father. 

llardnicki.- wan ntitlior uf ' A Discuurite of 
tbe Juilictnl Authority bvl<iiifriug to the 
Office of M*»ter of til- Rolls iti the Itiyh 
Court iif Chani-prv,' London, 173T, Siio ; 
Snd rdil- cnlargad, ITiS* [e-l. W* lint* urns, 
\Vii.iJ*a], Mcvi-ral of hit »prcc(ic» nro ox. 
t«Dt in pnmpblet form : iwo on givinjtjudg- 
nmil af^ingt the Jni'obilf! U>nLi I^LoDdoit, 
IH6-7, fol, aud -Smt, and rwo othera — one 
oa prviariiiin)! the h-^ritablejiiritdirlioiui bill, 
17 rob. 174»i-7 ; (ho nthoron the third ri^ad- 
ilif[ortlwiniililiabil!,~J4 May KMi (t.rmdon, 
1770, Sro). A teUcT from liini to l^ird 
Korit on, dated J Sept, I'tLf, piviBK an nc- 
eount oflbe n-oent. nufiutialiuii iK-tween Pitt 
and Dut«>, ma publitilied iu ' Original 
I^pvi*.' l<ondon, 1i8fi, and an^rwanU Ju- 
conionil«d in iho 'rnrlianinntory IliMory' 
(XV. 1327). 

A raM miuu of hit comvpoiidenci! mid 
etlier duaiunvnia relntingtohim in preserved 
in the Britiah Miueum: iu K^CL-rtou M^>S. 
1731 f.«l, 21SI f. 3; Siuwe MSS. 1« f. 
10r,SS4 f. 1.760f. 1*0; Addiiioti«l M.SS. 
fl83S f. 30, 1|.'«14, lii-iS l.WW (f. 0-4O 
280fil f. 3.10, 29KflH f. If). MIJ87 77», 
32&ia-flr.i, -■Wflg^ f. -jas, ."isoofi f -jor,. 

31A!i4-&, and the Itardwiclce I'npt'rn ai^qiiired 
in lt9&. For other llanlwiekir Pupurs see 
WoodlMiiMlM''* ' l.ifaof Lord Kuuii-s'i.Slil, 
814-339, sad HiM. MS8. Comra. 'Ji>d Kep. 
Am. pp. 3a-9l,3rd Hop. App. pp. 222, 4(M, 
41 A, -Itli Ki-p. App. pp. SSI, A^4, 6ih lto|i. 



Afp. p. 239, Pill Rep. .\pp. i. 231-1, iii. 13, 
Oth Rep, App. iii. 3o. Utib Itrp. App. pp. 376, 
SS4, 82-i. «», 1 1 111 Kej,. Ajip. Til. CO-K!>. 

[Viiitation of WiluhiN. \C1S. d. Har- 
•hall. I8S2: PliillipnVVi«tl3ljr.D(if Willali'r*. 
I6TT (l«i*): Goomlojjiit. o). Seller, now fw. 
ie. (se-Tl; Aubt»j'« Collc<tioni for WillHliin, 
ii.9l ; ntwn'iiM'Mlrm Witliihir*(AtDbr«aliur7), 
[>. 36; Mitc«ll. Ctttnml. *t Jjtml'l. od, Ilovatd, 
3nd wr. iii. SOS^ ; Lilt oif Shmlf* for Englonil 
and Wnl«, eompiltd front docunii-nli ia ilia 
Public Remnl OlHrv, 181*8; lleny') County 
U*a«nlM|cie« (Kvnl); lla/Afyt Kent (fol.]. tii. 
369, jr. 3, 3$. SS. LiB(?Dln'a Inn Rn»rd(; 
Oflloiil Return nf Mcm<>i*r* nl Piirlrsownt; Pari. 
niM. volii. illi-nr,: Hrw. l[-i;. Chron. Diary, 
1737 p. !i«. 1729 p. 3I< ^ Stnin;^'* R^. p. 8SB; 
l''il^iblKia'» Bon. p. 84 ; Wnlpole'n L«II*Tii. ail. 
CnnninithHrn ; Waljiolo'" Jil«tii'iim{Gn«T[» 11, ed. 
H'lllflod; (iri)r|t« jll.n!. 1/^ Mar«hani and Rn>- 
mll Barker) : WalpolB'a Cdt. of RoyiJ and Xoble 
AatboTn. cd. Park: Gloior'a Mamnim; Walda- 
KTava'i Moinoin: CotoV Wtilpale. i. 390 *t 
MI).; (.Vxa'a Psibun Adminiitraiion ; Hareh- 
mont pBpori. «3. R«e. i. SU. 'iJ3~i ; Chatham'* 
Cortn»p. ni. Tnjlor and Prlnelo ; Curr**p. of 
John, foorth Ihikn of Itidfurd. eil. Lord John 
IIurhpII: Granville l^ipcrs. ed. Smith; Lords' 
Joumnli. stiv. all. JSl. Mt, 6m. liSt, flSO. 
iir. 4. le. IS. Inril. liiS; ChiulfHiiild'lLiittara, 
ivl. ]tfitiiiiii ; C'lokxiy'* Kuny* uo Somen and 
tlitrdaieko; Aon. Kei;. I7Q4, t. 113. ii. I7!l ; 
B'OKn<[>bin lintannicH ; Nicholli'i RMollec^ionx 
nod Rofin^lion* ; Phillimora'a Li(w of Lylt*4lun ; 
Ilntli>r»Il«aiiDiannMii,4lh«lit.i. 133: Nicholas 
Lit, AcMd. and IllnMr. ; CotUna'a Ptorngo, ol. 
Brrdget. iv. 4S6: Q. K. 0[.,kHyna)'* Com)j*tf. 
Ptinmito; Bnrk*'* P*ani|in ; [^vyfln and Majri- 
RiniM' M^iTiii'Dn, ii. -'II : Low HaK^ia*. iii. TV; 
(.'nmplKtll'i I.ii-ca of tho Chani^ellar* ; I[arrl*'a 
Life of Lord -Chan^'el tor tlatdwir]!* ; Fova'a 
l.iroit of tha Jnrl|cihH; ArHhoo'd Hii»l. of Kng. 
land ; Lecky'a Hist, of Englnnd iu the Eign- 
t«eath Conturj-.j J. M. B. 

YORKE. PHILIP, aecond Eaw. or 
ILkBDnicKE (1720-1790), eldeat aoit cf 
l.ord-chancellnr tTardwiche [atw YobXB, 
Piitur, hrM n^Ri. or ll>itnwicKB\ ww 
l>om on 10 March iriI<-3(). II» wa» edu- 
cnted at Novcoinc'a ichool, [Inoknny, ulUlt- 
wards under privateliitoTs, of nhnmSaniiiel 
Salter fq. v.] wOB One, and at tbeunivrrniitv 
of Cumbridfre. wherv be iuhi nealnted front 
f'orpiw Clifisti Coll^iCP in 1 7:ii. mid received 
r.hti dojrrcn if I.L.D. in 174fl, In 1741 he 
wnarfoctwl VM.H. and in l7-l-'i I'.S.A. He 
eon tri bulled »Din<' Rnfjliih vnriM tfi th« 
' PieiitB Academifp ConiBhriuienirin in fnii*nrr 
Dfreniiutimw l'riiiL'ipi« WillElminiu Caro- 
I'LUto' (Cambridge, h38, rul.>,und witb bia 
brother Cborlea [q. v,]^ wrot* the ^Teater 
tKirCinn of ihe 'Athenian Loltras; or the 
Kpi«tolnry Coi^jipandcncD of an Agent 




Yorke 



3S» 



Yorke 



weretieury tovsnliy (■(. U^'-:] ,q. v.j, Jowi 
OrMn[Q. T.], Samud Snlur ^^. v.],CBtlie- 
rinn Talbot Jn, v.^ I>uiiel Wray [q. r.\ 
I>r. Itookc (ttn«rwanb master of Ctirist's 



of IIk King of Persia, KsidinK at AI&mib 
^uruig Iho Pelopimnninn War' (Londna, 
1 "1! , 4 vol«. 8vo). Tin; murk wM projedcd 
bx an ncndamio uxeTOiw hj Tboaiiu Birch 
[q. v,l, wIiobioiMlf vrroti! eomeuf I b<i letters 
Mill ('(liivd till! whoK Oilier cnntribu lor* 
wereHeuryCovenliy (A IT.Ii!) '^q. vA Jobn 

rinn 

CaUefcv), Jolia IlMtou (of Corpiu ChruU 
OoUqte), anil Julin Lawrr (pr«beDd«rv of 
RodiieBl«r). IV ' Letter*' were printod for 
pticale circulation only, tlu fint cditioa 
being limiind to tvelvo copiiv, and tlm 
Moond, wMpU was defrrTed until 1781 (Litti- 
ioa, 1 vi>I. 'ltd), ti> n Liiiidrcd ixipie«; but 
tbc viraoiiy and vwininiilitud*, whirh, not- 
wilhalnadiiiK llie diviir*ilr of nDtbonilu[i, 
tlianu'lvriwd tbo Mitim rnlti^tion ]iUco(i it 
far abiive tlu ordinary kvi-l of ncadL-mic 
ConilNNnlinnK. and tho vogue prou to hia> 
tone fiction liy liiu appMranca of BarthA- 
Icmy'ii Ftlebralvd ' Voyage du Jeun^ Ano- 
cbaniii <.-n OrOco' (Paris, I7B8) at Inncth 
urocun.>d for it. ihn bonoiir of piracy (Dublin, 
1793, 2 vols. fivo). ThpsurwTptiliousiililion 
was liipprrMcil and •upi.-r»«3ed in iT96 by 
one bfiiina tbir iniprimBlur of the then 
(third) Karl of llardwickM (London, 2 vols. 
4lo), aiid fitruisbt^d wiUi a gi-ngmphical ia- 
di-x, uiu^K. and ^n^'riiviiigs, A new rditioo 
by Arcbdtmtun Cov.- sppnrfiil in ISIO (I.,on- 
dun, '2 vols. 41')). .\nnthiir edition np- 
peared at hai-A in 1300 (3 voU. 8v.>). There 
are b!«o I'rrnrh trnnilntions hv Villottniiie 
and Chri'tophe, publiihe-i nt I'aris in 1803 
(S lom. f^vo nnd I iwu. ISuir) rpspectivi'ly). 
Thn voKUeof the ' Atbi^iliiii letters' isloug 
post. Biid few crilics woiiM eiidonui ihn en- 
comiums invisho'I n|)OTi i hi' work by Lord 
(^m)ibell ill hit ■ l.ifn of I'hiirliw Yurke.' Un- 
pr^cinlion is indei-d now more eiL-y 1 Imn n,pi>n>- 
ciation; buf, neiertheless, iht' oervieu wUieh 
thn ' Athenian Leiteri ' n'lidvtvd in an age 
which bad uo worthy Kn^lish rertion of 
ThuovdiJeB aud ftiw tmnelalion* of nnyltind 
from'ihe flreek in hnrdly to ]i« ovor>««i.i> 
matvd. Tbe work was f('^>'<lj' admired by 
DarthelKiny. 

Yorkf rcpreientifd Keigale, Surrey, in 
tJie pnrliniuent of 1741-7, uuil Cuinbridg»> 
iihire in nubBiijueiit jutrlinments »o long a« 
be remiiiiied tt cooimonor. From 2 April 
17JH he WM rtytwl Viwount iEovston. 
Though an infnxjttent Kiwakcr, lie was 
aMiduoiis in ntleodance in tbe Ilounc of 
Commons, and kept an etoct janrnul of the 
dobatts from December 1743 to April liiH, 
irlueh wat eventually iiirnrporatod in Cob- 
bflttll ' Parliamentoiy lIi«ory,' yoL xiiL 




of 



' lie was awoni of tli0 privy coiioci) on . 
aMmwioa of ttmrse III. and took liittMt 
' the IIoiuu of liOMnaii Karlof llardni#k«(« 
, 1(1 March 17S4. In politic* he eonlinnad U» 
family tradition, wa« a ncmber (vicfaovi 
olBoe) of the lirst itockingban ailiutii«a- 
tion, and was cdTftwd tbe northem trti* on 
Grafloa's rmicBalion (14 May I'OS). Ha 
doclinod offic«l>y tf«*on of ill4Maltb, wLidi 
aim pivnaitod him from toldog au adin 
uart in oppofitioo during the Qrafton aad 
Nortb adminutFatioou. He retained. Low- 
CTBT, ibe oonfidoniM of hi» party, wl 
meetings nvre commoDly held at liis i' 
houie, and was oonaulled duriii* ibo 
rongrmonlf which tenninat«d in tiko loi 
lion of tbc Mconil Hoddngbam adminii 
lion. He waa teller of tlic cxcbisquer 
1738, lord- liru tenant of Canb* * 
from 1767, and btRti atvward 
nniTcivTy nf Cambndge from I'M 
Iiis di^ntb in London, at bis houae 
Jameas t!<|iinri', on Ifl May 1790. lie vu 
dUo a iriutee of tfau Ilriluh MuMuin. 
lie married, on 23 May 1740, Jemiia*, 
daughter of John CtmptHll, third eori oi 
nr«Ma1bane,&fterwMdanKiriir» Mardiioneu 
Onry nnd Raronma I,ucaJi of Crudwall, 
whom be loft only female Uxue. The 
accordiiuly iJerolvcd upon Uii _.^_ 
Philip lorke. third earl [q.r.}, cldMt Mn 
liis brother Ciiail«3. 

Hard wicke edited : 1. ' letter* from andM 
Bir Dudley Carleton during hin Kmbassy ig 
lloIUnd,' l^adon, 1707 ; £nd ed. 1775; 
ed. I'M), Jio. 2. ' Mtsceltaneooi 
I'npen from ISOl to 172«,' l»n-inn, 177 
Jio [cf. ^MRRa or SoHHKKs, John, Lokd 
SoMBBS, ad Jin.] 3. 'WaJpoliaiu; of « 
fttw Auecdotoi of Sir Robert Wolpob," 
T^ijodon, 1763, 4to. The laat work, which 
was prirately printed, miut be carefiiUj 
distingnisbed from the ' WalpolUna' aul 
nuently edited by John Pinhprton [q. 
rrora his autograph marginalia w«» 
rived the annotations marked ' fl' in 
Oxford edition of Uumet'i 'Own Ti: 
(1833) (cf. AMU. MS. 81954). Poittm 
nf llardwicke's papers and oomwpondHKs 
ftdi printed by Harris, ' I,if« of L 
Chancellor ilardwieke,' nnd I«t>j AJ 
marie, 'Hemoinuf the Mnrquisof Kocki: 
baiu.' and hti cantempornnc* ; otben 
w.nlainediuEg*TtonMH.2le0fr.7B.22*, 
3184, 318.'^ f. li»,- Additional MSS. ISti 
f. .W. l-'jJW? ir. 33tJ-.'M, S27J6-33070, 
thi> I.nnidowne, niitlnnd, and Uartmoutli 
eoUeclion* (we tlU. MSS. Camm. 0th Ei< 
App. p. ilH. lith Itep. App. i. W>, X. S 

am, 231. ;a». 339. aor. a-o-i, and i 

Bep, App. L 338, 2(33, 207-8). 



^ioncM 

lielifll 
n«|ib^H 







, rColtiiiR'*Pf«rage,cd.Br>'dg»'i<'.4»S:O.E. 
CfolujDo]'* Cucii|)l«l(i Fnunutu -. Ofllriiil Return 
u UMDbet* of PuliimpDt 1 1^1. HiiCiulii. lili- 
xvi.i liitiof th* Qojtal Sodvljand Sot'iotj >if Au- 
t.lqB>H«« ; Wiitpoln'i Leltcr*. ed. CunnicEhiini : 
W»|pjV» Kojnl unil NoM* Auihi.r". wt.l^lt; 
'Ntcfaoli* Lit. AnMd. unit lilusir. : Ora\, Mh);, 
11790,1. *n. lain ii. IOA; Cliiilm-m. Biogf, 
[XNcl.i LowniW'i UiblioKror^*!* M-munl.] 
I J. Al. !{■ 

I YORKE, Pmr.IP (i;4.Vl«M), nulhor 
of llio ' linyal IViWi of Woliw,' born in 

. 1743, w»»[.lii'»i>nofSyiiicnVorke(i. 3t<July 
1 r«(7) of Erdtlijt. n fi'W milw itoutU oT Wrtut- 

< ham, wlio murrivil Uurotliy, duu^tilvr luid 
beircBV »f MaiUii^w lluttuu of Xvniiliani, 

I n«n(«nkliiris ilis gruudratlier, Simon 
' Yorkti, niM rounger brotber of Philip, lirsi 
' «iirl 1^ IlardwicEe [q. v.] I'liihp wm ad- 
' mittnl m fnllow-commoncr of IVito't (Corpui 
(.Thrirti) Collcw, CttmbridKC, in ITSo. and 
w«a cnaleil M.A. /icr littrm rcaiai iu llie 
■■ine TOr. Tliro^ TMn latvr 1m wb8 ad- 
tnittM s Ct'ltow of ihe Society of AiiiigiiH- 
riM. Tlirou(;li hi* wife^ inl«r^f>t he obtoinciJ 
I a eenl in pnilin-im^nti for ihi'Coroiih bonmoh 
of Ilrlilon, in th« place of n iDRinbrr du- 
ll uolilicd by oriii^r of tlii- Houm.- of Commona 
(October liT'l ), aud he ruiainvd iliLit aval 
' unltltlwiliiuwlulLOu of Murcb tTM. Subm- 
.quefltly hv Ml for rtraiUlinin fruin 17 Jan. 
I l7U2until7Jan.l7B-1,whiin hcBceepIiNlihe 
sMwuilrliip of the manor of Koal llRnilmi), 
' and nude art-.t thu rppniMiitaiuin to hi* 
' aon Simon, llii pBricpyriats wrotu of liim 
tliAt bia m'ml diEtinguinbitit; Iruil wiu )iis 
t«lVDt for ouuTi^rsatiuri, ' which ui&d<* him 
t1i« very life and du1ig;bt of society i' bul bo 
DeT<T fipoko in thn llntiii* nf Com mom, 
owing to n ' conMitutinnnl dittidencc.' In 
hi« later year* In- tuniud hi> att«nlion to 
W«Uh Itiatory aiid jieneklofiy, aiul in 171U) 
iMued neveuiy co^im of ui« ' TrocU of 
Powra,' a genwloipcal history of Bleddyu 
•p (>Dhii, uid tbu ■ Third Roynl Tribe of 
North W»Ji'«'(l"Bfi,4ti), priti|i>d by J. Martb 
at iho Driiid Vn-u, Wrexham). Tho dadi- 
cation, to Tbomns IVnnunt of UownitifC, it 
<Ul«d'Erlhi{f, 1*0 April 179&.' Au npveiidix 
coutaiiu iulirrfdl iugleltersfrum LuTwiBMurriii 
to William Vauuhaii and others. In a r<»- 
vlwd and expooeUd form tliis wurli w&a re- 
mani ia 1700 u 'Thn ICuyiil TribM of 
' \V«1m ' (London, 4to), a vnhinbl" bri:-^ tc- 
'eotint of tlia fivR Tcgal tribi-i, with mncb 
' int«railinKiitforraDtJonof Ihi-irdintinKuishrd 
' dcKVDiljiola. Tbe i Hunt rat ivu norlraits, 
jdnwnbyJ. Alltia and ung^tvd by W. Build, 
I am thOM of Lord Ellwmere, Sir Thomm 

< UjddalCoD, Sir John AVynn, lltimphn-y, 
' dtixc of HuckinghaiD, Catuerino of Borvu, 

TOL. LXIII. 




OeoTge, lord JfArry*. Sir Jnhn Tretor, Sir 
Orlando lirldiiman, lluin|ibrPT LIvvd, Sir 
ThoniBf Hunmpr.iuid f-ir Willmni Williams. 
Thf Ilriiiidi Muu-'uin Librnrv baa Rcibert 
8oulhey'e nulugrnpli cwr of Vorlie'« * lioyal 
THbii»'('KMwick.22 tkc ]*=M'). 

Yorbe had tli^ inlfnlinn of piocooding in 
ihn tum« manner with tha (ilt«^ Iribr* of 
North WalcA. but thLt fchtuno hit vnui unublu 
to rculiiu.'. Thi* (tudy, wrote emu of bia 
critics, ' mtber dry iu ilMlf, wan in lii> hands 
enlivened by a varioly of autlimtir and en- 
lurtaiuiiig anecdotes, many of which had 
MCaped preceding hiMorian^.' At the MDiB 
timowe are nAsnrvd that bit' ta^tn for natural 
Imnuty wnn viry cormci.' Vorki- dii^d at hi* 
mat of Krddig IVrk, Wrrxbom, which ha 
hod arently umbtdtiihed *incw be succeedod 
to lh<- I>^]wrty. on IV Feb. IdOI. lie 
inarrlL'd. Bret, on U July 1770, Elicatwlh, 
younger daughter of Sir John Cufil Fq. T.] ; 
and ewondly, in 17Si, Dinna, widow of 
ftidgi-wny I Iwfii MpTnr.k and claiidhtcr and 
hniivi* of I'iorce Wynne of IJvliVvn .\lod, 
lletibiftbihirv. lie- wu luccecded by Siinon 
Vorku (ir71-lti3I>, bis iddesl. eun by his 
first wife. A portrBit of Yorke by <>a,in»- 
borouj^h waa Mwraved by Scriven ; another 
with adog, bj Reynold), wa« engmvnd by 
Etnnotoui, 

[Annual RoriiiIm. 1804, p. 474; (icni. Mnf. 
ner p. 430. 1804 i. -iS'>; Barks'* Undml 
Geiitry. I89M, p. 16^^; WlUinm** Diet, of 
KmincnvWoliiliniup.p. ad-2: Griuliinti Cnatnbr.; 
Chiilnii<rH*a SioKF. Diciiunarf : Oflicial Ralum 
of Moiobora uf I'.irtiiniout; Conr(ney'» Hlirliii- 
mentary Ropr«»m. of CornvAU: Moulo's Bibl. 
llnald. p. 4S3; Mnnlbty Itov. 1*90. iii. ^2; 
Maloiifl'« IJirl. of Engl- LiiHralurii ; B*an*'a 
CoL af Eiignvinl Patlnita, Mas. 11679. S3S23 ; 
Addit. MS. 32Bfl7 ff 10. 387; Lowndes's BibL 
Mxn. (Bflbii); DtIl Mua. CftU] T. 8. 

YOBKm PHILIP, third E*Rt OF Ha«d- 
wicsB ( 17Ai-I8ftl). «lde«t non of Lord-chan- 
cellor Yorke [see Yomks, Chaki.wJ. by bis 
flrat wif*, ('athnrine, dniightt^ of l)r. I''n>> 
mnn, wo* bom on .ll Muv 1757. Ilo was 
cdueatod at (Juiicns' t.'olU([e, Oambrid([B, 
wht-ns he received ihu do({Tne of M-A, in 
i;7<J, and ibal of LL.D. in 1811. He waa 
also in 1800 elected hi)[b steward of the uni- 
versity. He ri'pri<-eiit'.-d Cumbridgeclure in 
pari ill 111(1 It t fii'ifii hl^ rnliini on 14 S«pl. 1780 
until bin accoMion to the pvornffn n* thjrd 
(larl of Kardwiekn on tho doath, IC .May 
1 71K),or liii unclc,ihu xuoondcarl [m- Yobze, 
Phiup, BBtoiid EAEt OF Habbwicke]. Iu 
poliiicH he at first followed Fox. but niUi^d 
to tb» ^vernment in ITU-l. and was lord- 
lieuteuant of Ireland under both Addinjiton 
(Maich ISOI'Jtsy l&H) and Pitt, whow 

« A 




^4* B0«b(d*iur»Kiriu>.«fMl 




Im 1541 b> LiMM ^ 
vhen oC tW Ckimai 

90 Muck 
I» IftWYorfce 
R&S. BcdMtoakut W9if« p«l 

■.flf vlHcbW wMoAn 

loibi «ri oa U Dw. 11174. 

^STAvil 1^43, EmiW, voiBBMt 

•r WEDiiH lUiqru CUQwd df 

K ~ 

TW BmbI Bfi i i i M 't csUlogiH covaa** 
Sg rflteti^ pi| m fcy Ywfe wfcidi »tow 

Ott ta ife 'fMovAaKa nT t& ~ 

Smmr.' I •it* 11*. awi •£d«* a«t 

»klw«i— ^friw h-i w u-u tile 
' tried akMrvMiaM Mba u ki* boow 






■g ^ M i «nra- 

lifa tf AM nt: Nkwa Xi* rf 
.vULMl: BMft^ChM^CtaMa«l 

•I flidiiB m, B.1M, Ut ir.ll; 

«Mnr«iifcMd- ' 

■■tnck Skwp*'* 

k.77: 6ncX« Un.t.9tt; Bnte'i 
«r Stphlw. •d^Odhrt;.] /. M. B. 

TOR K& PHOn' JA3CES (li»-18r.t% 

WaMil30M.i;W.««ddMiMao( 
Totb, piwlMiluy of Eljr (4. 31 FMl ITTdl, 
d. 37 Jidjr 1S3&), Md Im wit^ Asm Mum, 
d«ii|{bt«TorCh«HM Cocbi, fint baroa S uin w i . 
BewuiCTVMt-cmidMnQn ki« fttbsi'* udaof 
tkofiniEarliMrUanlwicku. At about tb«^« 
of ntM b« w»t lo Ibe *cboal of Dt-Pmekni 
Bt Emi SbnMi.uid tlmcntoHurmrtii llUa 
Jlrlvfi Harrow at tlwBgvoraistMB.ofat&ined 
a conBtwioaiB tbe Scou fittiliw ginnli, aad 



,BgJS«i-3rt, 




••d tluM* taka 

aa. UlSaSYo 

of Baraa F. C. 

Xaittac'* * hMip* fiv^ m J Li/c' 

TWJaUccaURn fnaaBtcd totbeCW- 
wiai $acM«r h; Kr. Bobm Waniytoa 
— apocOaMaad aMt^npb of Var^~ 

[Tocb^ o<ra Pf ir»: ObttntfT, dtm. : 

Jmb. tnt. p. ISIf ; J^dM of 'itl* Cb< 

Sodat?. IMI. Ml U. I6», 181. ISI; 
Sae Oa. : T«Mi** B>r«« School Rtei«« 
B^AFtac^i,] P. J. B.1 

TOfTATT. WnO-IAM n"6^1&Jt 
iiwiiiiij iiiifciiiii.liiiiiiiii 177^ vutluii 
of a nrf«a» nai^af at ICixier. 1I» 
adiuatMl for tfcoBanenibrai*) isiniitrT. 
ISlOhaloft Iferoadun, and uiulcTtooki 
Keml aad adiolaMie tluiiea in Loadoii. 
•MM WMOtaia dat«, in IS13 or 181S. 
JMMd Malxn I'riMhett BImdi? i 17^ 
1St9> ia cmdactitw a Tei^rinuT 
iD'n'dbStr*at,0>ro«d.Stra«l. l1iia| 
■hip eoniinncd lor a littU mar* i _ 
rcan, when tlie bouacs* puwd into V(r 

In 1828 Youatt twsu to dtlivar a Mnd 





Youatt 



355 



Youatt 




of Iwtunts Anil <]einoa«tr*iions to vet^rinarf 

latudonu at hi« privato rpwdniicn anil in- 
UrmMv in Nwu Street. Tisi-u^ witb indn- 
pwndiMit of, nnil to Mm* pxictil duiifiiiiMl to 

W9ip(il«KiiaC,lbo lMchiti;[i>f thu Itoynl Vfl-s- 
rinknr CoUcgo. From iJiu ("lul of 1831) 
(hNT' leutunu W0K Jvlivervil nl lliv ' Loudoii 
Univerhity.' ij?. Unii'oraitj^ Collfiue. In 18.1G 

ilhfrj^ were abaadoaei], bill iiui><n<lS'onn1lcnn- 
(inUdd fof (Mr ywinilo print nmonlhlyM-rir-s 
fif vrittml Inctnr« in tlio ' Vulerinftrinn," a 
praf<»ioiu) maDtliljr wlucb b« hnd sUrtci) in 

flK2t^. In iliiii Triiturvlii' vrutooa joivvd by 

flam IVroival). TCli-rittary lutviiuo to (li<.' 
tv giianbt. Thi* journal, which is Mill 
Utenc^.woii li<^p( n1iv>> inchi^ cnrlyyenr* 
by Yonntl'ii dogged pcnwremner, nt n 
tiiiwt Wbiin una bia ro-cdilor, rurcinill, 
wUlinl to nbftodon iLe vyuture. 

In 1830 Yountl (iDleteil iulo »n ■rrBnif*- 
ment vrlcU tbu Suciely fi^r iLe DilTueiuu of 
Utcful KnuwUdgo to write n «eri<?B of liuiid- 
boobaon llw< bre«ii]ti, innnii|^nii<nt, anil ilin- 
> of the different nnimnl* nf tlin fnrm. 
^TnluiBM coutiniind to ftpponr at irrr^ilnr 
during the emminfr ii-n ycnm. la 
itimoiual wm prespnti-d lo Youiilt 
ro^mben nf tli« vuturiuary ptufe*- 
aion at a ni^rii ' of ihe high esiaem tb»^ en- 
lert«iit of hi* lit.jrnrj- Inboiin in T»teriii«ry 
•eicnco.' A full >Mount nf tbn prcimndinirii 
•MtMred in llio * V«U*ui«rifin ' (xii. 5i1ft- 
Hlv), nni) i* nnt^iwortby bj n-nunn of ihn 
InnginulobioKT'P'ucal >poceb in which Voiiatt 
tnunl iha giowtli uf relt^ory lilenture in 
lii* limo. 

In 183S ibe Itoyal Atn-ieultural Soi!i«4T of 
Bngland li&d been fonndiHl iindur ib« tiCMiof 
tlM> Englisli Agriciili iirsi Society. Vountl. 
wu ono of the oriitinnl inpiabrn, and wbji 

flai:-'il on th« committee of Rinnn^nmnnt. 
Inn* lie diri important vrork in morlnji un-l 
oblaininj; the- apuuialniL-iil of a vutirririiiry 
cammitttM!, uf itliii'Ii bt'waa appointed cbHii^ 
nan, aikd in attfrmpting witli cmitiiilorable 
MiOCeM to draw clour tb» connr^lion b^ 
twne« tbe Society and tjie Itgyul Volorinnry 

Ocioft portly to bis extontitR littrnuy 
^■^. prtlv to altarks of goat. Youatt s 
^^pciii^e bad dFVolvtd saare and nioru on bis 
IMintani, Aiii«lt<v,oQ irliowdeatb in 1844 tli« 
luilHbliHhnii'niinN'aMniiSiiqetwasbruheuiip. 
Vaiialt, tliougb now itniidinj; at rho head of 
tii« pmfrcsion, ttiui not a ri-jjiilnrvd m^mbpr 
of it: be objectL'tl to tliR uonnlitulion oftJi« 
vKamiuing body of the llaral Colliufc of 
X'elurinarjf SurgMiu, whicli conaintuil cliifHy 
of pbyhicUii^nndsurgfoog. When, however, 
in l^'44, lliU boity wnx miandiilled, and coi»- 
powd cbidly of Trtorinariant, Yonati, being 




then nearly aCTenty yean o]d,pi>niOBtod him* 
iwlf for exanaiaatioa. The otdiculhr oct»- 
Ktonnd by bin t«4^m1 to anairer a prolRuionat 
(jucdion rntbnr imperCisolitlj put lo bim was 
oTcrrubrd by Iha loct of the cliairmaa, wli« 
buud<rd liiin bis diploma on the ipot. 

Youatt died Budduulyon 5 Fob. 1M7 in 
hi« Mvenly-flret year, and was bufiMl in th« 
cbiircbynrd of 01d,S'i,l*aiicras. Ucliodfunr 
danjfbtcr*, but no aonn. A small [Xirtmit of 
him. by iticlmrd Anidfll, in in the poawsuon 
of ibu lEural AKricnliiinil l>ac\atyol Ka^ 
laud. 

YooalT wrote: 1. ■ Canine Madntw,' 1690 
(praciimlly a reprint of arlidea which had 
Iw^n isiuiMl in the ' Vetorinariau '). 2. * Tta 
Ilonm' (with a tr«nli»e on dnugbi, by 
Uambnni Kin^om Htunnl), 1.S5I ; new 4idit. 
1843 (to thia work waa added in thn nntthu- 
■notiHedJliouaanagipcudix by William Cbsrle* 
Spoonerfq.v.}, hnud^inirTheworlf uptodate)■ 
3. ■ C«t.tl>-, llit-ir llrvMS, Afaiiageiuent, and 
Uitcniw*,' iJiSl. With this •iibject. Y'ouatt 
wna at tbu timit mueh Icsi familiar ibnn with 
Ibe treatment of the diwiaufi of horpH-a, and 
tlie Ttlurinarr part of the work ia to ho t»< 
^'anled rather a4 a well-dij^c«d ooapiltttion 
tbaii n» an original tt«aiiae, 4. ' Slivep, their 
IJmoda, Mana«imflnl,nn'l Diaea*?«,' to which 
i» added t.h" ' Slonntnia Shnph»nl's Tklanual,' 
1837. S. An eiuny on ' Tlin ()htigatir>n and 
Kxtent of Ilumanity to Uriil^u, principallir 
C'Misidercd with refeTcnro to thn Domnxt.i- 
eai<..d AnimnV IStSf. 0. 'The IJojr," IftW. 
Thi^, like bid prcTioua works on the hor^r^, 
cattle, mill sheep, fomied part of the ' Library 
of l'»«ful Knowl»d)re.' It waa also reprinied 
R« part of ' Knight's Farni««* Library.' 
7. ' Tho I'ig : n Trentino on the ttreoaa, 
Mnnaj)i?inent, tWIinir, and Medical Trvat- 
iiirnl of Swine; with I)ir«.'tion« for »altitig 
I'urk ami curing Baennand llamty'ttil7 : n^w 
edit. I8<i0,»ii1ur(cb'd and rewrill«ii by Samuel 
Sidney [n. v.J On the title-pa^ of die 1817 
edition of thi* witrk, which was iaoned afWr 
hi> death, Youatt ii> roferred to aa thn ediloT 
of the 'Complete tlrarier,'and modf-m "^dU 
liona— thai of IJ. Scolt Bum in IS77 and of 
]>r. t'rtram in ISiKJ— refer lo the work aa 
Y'ouatt'a. The book waa, however, first 
cciiupiled in the eigbteentli cenlurv. The 
sixth edlii'm<18.3a) and sevonth (1^) tun 
mippoiiHl to hara btitn edited hy Yonatt, 
though intrinaie oridence for Ihia i* Ueking, 
Youatt also wrots much in tlie ' \'eterinn- 
riao,' and made acme cODtribuliona lo tli* 
Journal of t.ltu Royal Agricultural Society. 

rProfiwar J. B. Simimda'i Bio|tr. Sketch of 
William YituMi, IHntf; Veiariiuriin, I'aaiim, 
tipccitlly ubilnnry nulic*. xi. 105-S; Jonraal 
Roy. Agrio. Sec >id Mr. IS83, ir. 4IU3I: Far- 



mrf' Mug. 2nd «r. J.innarj 1847, »»- 19*; 
Kwh'i Eiu'ikliipliilinilar BtKiiDmleu Thiorheil- 
konde, M. • Yuufllt.' 1 E. C-«. 

TOULDINO, TH0MA3 (ICTO-lTSe), 
divina «nd poel. [Se« Yalbek.] 

YOULI,, lIES'nV (A 1609). muMci»n, 
(■reals tu huTo iH'en n fimiteliold &iu«ici*R 
in tlu9 family of oii«< EJwd Dmoii, and 
l«Bc1i«rof bis four eon", about the bcttinaing 
of t.b« wventeonth centTiry. In 1006, when 
tlio fpiir wprn all at Ihe milwi'witr, Voull 
dixlicntcd to ihcin bis onlj known ]<ublica- 
tion, ' Cunji'niftii lo t.brw! Voycw, u«wly 
eompoited by Ht-iiry YouU, Pnctitioner in ' 
ibo Art of SlueicliL',' The work, in thr»e 
p«rl-bool(*i| cniitftiiw twont.y-fonr eonipo«i- 
lioiin, of which thn Init nix an fa>la* ; it 
wni onnof thn lait works prinliKlbrTbonu* 
Kali) cir Kort [<|-v.] Yoiill wrol« for cnntm, 
■Ituii, and bniuus, uain^ tlia ultu anil t«nar 
c\«h. Tbe ('U]iy of the ' Caiiconets ' in tbo 
Sriiitib Mii»euiii Library teems to be Duique^ 
Nono of the piece have boen prlnliHi in 
mixifm notation. Kour of tho po(>in« am 
in Oliphant'a ' [.a Uiiia Madrigaleana.' Tho 
componitions, juditLyl bv the Mipant« Toioo 
parts, apiwar biij;iit and t-nlivinnp', and not 
witboul nfi-^uw, though til''' iii-iln ririmi<ftnB 

firofMiii! conceplioiM. TIh.il i- -■■ ("tiijil.-'e 
Ut ijf t!in twitiittT-four piece« in l^iiilim'i't 
' Hihliriilieca Mailriftaliana' (p. ~/r I, <iui ili(< 
part'bnolu am thnrv inacc^urat«ly dpscribod 
■■ cantiii, tenor, nnil hart. 

(YouU's Cati»iiin-l», ill llix liljrnryof Iha Brit. 
Hui. : Davgy's Hiil. uf Enjjtiab Muii«. pp. 1 73, 

aao.i H. D, 

YOUNG. [Ses also Yotok.] 

TOONG.ANlHlK\Vflgor-I8fll>).anthor 

of 'Thiire In n hiip|iv laml.' twhinlmasliT 
and tXH't, second huh of David Yutiiiij', Ii-ncber 
in bidiiiburgb, wad Wrn at Ediiiburjjh nn 
23 April 1807, lie hn•^ n, brilliant career in 
ihearl^nnil thdilodiefll clswies i»t Ed iii burgh 
I'niTenity, whnn- bn neciired Professor 
WiUon'a ('Christopher NorthVI pri*p for 
thr lie»l priL-m on ihct '.'vcottinh Ili([hlandH,' 
In It^SO hv WH< appoinled by the town 
oouncU of Eiliuburgli lieudmasliT of Niddria 
StTOel achoul, vbere lie IHut:bt fur uleven 
r«iani.slartiiie with rlglify pupils uud I'wvinK' 
u'ilLeix biindri'd. In lS;iN hewroiebiswell* 
knoirn hymn, ' Thnrit in a bappy land,' firet 
published in . I nmendaU'ii ',Siit:r''diSon/s,'and 
afterwnfdi" copied iulo bymn-booki through- 
out tb<- world. The wordn wcm written to 
AD Indian air whii'L be heard onn a'\g\a 

Slayod on the jiiano by a lady. In 1810 
t became head English master of Madraa 
Co1]ug«, St, Andrew*, from vrUich lie retired 




WOl, 



in 1M3 to Edinburgh, where be was liil 
doaih super ini indent of the Oroenside 
Sabbaih nchool, bciitf; aUo bclivcly ctijiagfd 
in other philanthmpie worlt. He wa* fbund 
dead in bed on 30 >ov. lt**0. His ivnuun* 
were iuterred in Kotachaub cwnetwy, Edi*- 
ber^b. 

Vounjc was twice marrifd. tl'utntwiSi, 
Maria jlivart, whnm bo marrird in 1 
died in 1847. lie marrii-d, i.-*ondly, 
IB^l, Cbriniiiia Allan, niece of Sir Willi 
Allan fq. v.] Ha ina mtrvivnl by her anil 
A daugliter. 

Many of Youngs hyniu and pOMna wm* 
eoniribaied ta p«riodieal». A collected «d^^ 
tinn woa pnblisbed in 1876 an ' Tho SMtii^H 
If ighlanaa and otlmr Ponnu,' a work whi^^l 
entitle* bim to high rank oinaaic Scotiiili 
minor poeiA. 

ijniian'* Diet., of HymnoloiT; S««tnian. 
loe. 1S»9. Pr«f.vr« to th« Sootiiah Iligbbmdi^ 
IST6i iaronuatiun *a)ip)iad by Htm Yaang.] 

<i. S.a. 
YOONG. SiH AHFTAS WII.l.IA 
{lT78?-lrtM), soldier and colonial goTfTiii 
bom in 1777 or IT'S, eutcTed the Earl 
IVirtroore'* regiment ai an enai^ on 3 Se| 
17i*5. lie putvhased a lieuleitanFy iu t 
mih foot ou jd XoT. 1795, and a oMD^iiy 
ou IflSept. 17W. lie MTTed with the 
fnot in Ireland during the rebellion 
and in (^lypt in th* oampatgn of I60I 
whii:h be rM»ived a tcedal. Botwoen ' 
and 160GhuactiKla!i aide-deK!ani[) to 
Henry Edward Foi [ij. v.] at OibtslUr Uii 
ill Sicily. On IT Dec. ISOi lie was pRimotfd 
tobem^or in the OTlb regiment, wiibwhicb 
he aerved in the IVninwln campaigni of 
180t^-I0 and IRI 1, and was engfaiinl at cli? 
hattlH of Vimeino, Talnvrm, and BuaKO, 
at Itedinba, the takinz of Ulit-etifa and fir^T 
»ie(ie of Badajos. Wbendrrr the founJi 
divisiou was iu moTemjeut, llie ligbl 

Sanies were estrueted to hia cbaq[ev 
iirinjt a part of the retrwt of the anOT 
l.hn lioM of Torrea ^'edra« in IfilO 
companies wore emboilied undrr hU 
mond a« a light battalion. H« received • 
medal for the battle of Talsvcm. 

Owing to its thinned rank« tli« STik wu 
ordered to England, and Young wasBtHUOMl 
on 3,% Jan. ISlftfo a lieutenant-eoroikelCTin 
the 3rd Wcit India r«fnmnit, Mationed in 
Trinidad. \Viili five comMnia be join 
the expedition ncainat (iuadcloape in IS 
and reci^ivL'd one of tIk badges of the oi 
of intrrit ptvamtCTl by Louis XVIII. J 
hU rvltirii to Trinidait he was cboscot try 
James I^iib [q. \.' to comnand tbe tn 
in (ircnada. On Iwinc crdeted back 
Trinidad in Angiut 1816, the coundl aT 






febly of Gffniiii* prtTU-nted liiiti with a 
. In l!S20, diirina ilic oliii'iicr iif Sir 
JUIpU Jamett Wooilfbn], be uctininiiti.-redtlu' 
gOT«niiDun[ of Triciidii'l fur fuur muiiihs, uud 

1 CD tke tmuiiialion uf ihc pt-riod vim k- 
4nMt«d tocontinue n moiubor of ilte council. 
Irnrint! n jwcoDiI abtienci> of ^Vuodford hu 
fiUnd ikr (itlico of (psvnrnor for ni-nrly two 
Tcan, nnd on liin n»titi]>lion in tVbruniy 
l&JS weeired llii? ihiuiki of evrry seclion of 
the community. In l&JD th« 3rd WpbI 
ladiarvi'imt^iit wasditlumdvd, uid uiJoiiuary 
J8;;ti YuuQg WM ap{ioint^ lo llii> n«iwly 
(^wticd ofBcw of h*r mnjortT** protector of 
fJnro in DnmiTmrit, rftlirinR from iln- nrtav 
by lalc of liii c<iinroi"ion on 13 Slny, ii'itli 
pormiMioii to nrtnin the loonl rnnk of liirii- 
tutuit-ouIoui.-l. Un 1'5 July IMtl lIl^ wiut 
£az«'lliv] lieulvriftiit ynvtriior of Priuco Ed- 
war<i'a UI&qiI, and on July |H.t4 lie van 
tmigfit^id. Hn <!ii>d in IVinre I''dwnrd'» 
Itland nt thn govomment lioiuw on 1 Dee. 
1S3G, sad nnx burind at the new ICneliah 
cfaurcli. lie miirriiHl i^uruh Cax of Cool- 
clilTu, Wv.Tfurd.mid nun Iniltemf Sir Ilnnry 
£dwaid Fox Youiig [q. v.] 

I [t*ii>lrJ Honice JDiinml, I83S, i, 880^; 
Tnufa Hill, of TriniiJod, I8H6. ii. 126-7.1 

K 1. C. 
YOUNG. Ai;THi:il(lb-93-ir5»i.d'ivinp, 
burn in lti\l'J, w&g llic aoa of BitrtLoluni<.'W 
Youug ('/. 12 Aoff, 17'^4) of BrudliL-ld C-jui- 
buel in ,'Siifrolk. 11(1 W8« (diicai^il nl ]'*m- 
liin>k« Hall, Cainl>ridgi>,)[rndiiikling I.1..D. in 
1716, and pmncding I.I..1>. in 172S. In 
I71fl bp WM inntilulcd to tho TiH^lorioa of 
Jlndlii-M Oonibuit mid BrndKi-ld St. Clare. 
Un '27 June 1711) tie wai IiislDlled n preben- 
dary of Cunterbiiry. In ITIFJ lit; vas ure- 
a«nted lo ibe vicnnig« of Exnioff in Siiflolb, 
uid n'CRiTdil a dinponiuition to hold it witli 
Itrndfii'Id Si. (IlBn". Hn wn« nl'opbnplnin 
to Arlhur (Inslow [q.v.l, sjicnker of ibn 
Houfv of Cummonit. lounfcdied on 'JH June 
1750 al Bmdtield CombtuI, where be bad 
inlierit^d fn>tn Lib fulher an ealale of ubuiit 
tvo hundred orr^», and was buried Ibere. 
He raniTii>ii Annn I.ucrflia (<i. fl Oct, 17^), 
tiauabler of John ('ouumnkpr of Wpybridir* 
in oiifTCV. Jiy her bf hnd two unns, Jolin 
■nd Arliiur. nnd adnushlcr. ICliinbirih Mnry. 
■narried lu Jubn Touilinion of I'^aat llunii^t 
in Ilerlfurdidiin<. TbeelderitunJobn Vouni;, 
fellov of Etou, broke hia netrk in 178Un-liile 
linnting with 0«oTge HI. The younger »ou, 
Artbiir, »wft-tarT to the boanl of ngricul- 
lair, i> mipBrntrly notieivl. 

Young wnn the niitbor of; 1. '.\n Ilisto- 
rieal DisserlBtiun on I dololro us (Corruption!! 
in ICeli^ion from ihcr lieginning of tbe Avorld, 
And on tbo Mvlboda taken by Divine I'rovi- 



denrit in reforming llietn,' London, l7Mp| 
a vdIj. Rvo. 2, -A niswriation on tli» 
OoBpi-l IJumoninctiji,' I.ondon, 1700, 8vn. 
Tbe latter treatin! wn» occswioned by thio 
reply of Itie.bard Smulbroke |(i. v.', bUhop 
of^S-t. David's, to Tliumas W'oolitoii'n ' l>i»- 
cour»e on ibe Jliraides of Our Sariour.' 

[DnryV Suffulk Collwiion* tn .UlJil. Mf<S: 
IDltB r. 33S. IIII84 f. 31-,: Oeot. Mag. 1TA9. 
p. 340 ; I* Npvc'» Fasti EeolM, Aogl. *d. Usidy; 
Addit. 31S. KSJifi. f. 201] K. I. a 

YOUNO. AltTIIClt (1741-1'MO). agn- 
cullurist and uuthorof 'Trttvcln in Krnnce,' 
born at WliiU'hall. in London, on 11 Si^pt. 
lill, iTM youug«r son of Arlbur Younr 
(lR9a-17fiB> [q. v.], rt*clor of Bradfield, Suf- 
folk, and chnptnin lo Speaker Oji«lotv. IIU 
molbitr, Anna I.ucrxtin, daiigtitT of Jubn 
Couwniaker, brought lii^r biiabnnd n »iilli- 
cient dowry to require that ttradfidd IlntI, 
munorand lands, the nmnU estate ivbich Iho 
Yoiingt hud ou'iied sinco 11172, ibould bo 
svitled upon ber«pLf. 

The speaker onO llif bishop of ItocbMt«T 
wor« bi» godfittliere. In 1746 be was a^Qt 
to aebool nt Lnvonlinm, wb«rs li* receitvd'. 
I more indulgence than inatmction. AL iho 
I aguoftwfllvebewenttol^ndon.tnwliarrick, 
, beard tbp ' Metieiub.' went to Kanelagli. and 
uip-t John Wilke* ' more than oiiee.' A letipr 
from bis »i*ter, dftt*d li/iu. sbows tbe pre- 
roeily of bi« iniellignnce. She writes to tiim 
of liomo and fori'ign politics and i>oci>-ty 
ffoNiin Of if hn wero nlrvady n man of ihio 
world. In 17^8 he left ichnol, and waa a]»- 
prentieud to Mmrs. Uobertson of Lynn, 
wilb a view to bia tnbimjuent employineitt 
in Mi'ssn. Tomliusuu'B couu ting-bouse. The 
same year ho visited his «isler la l^indou, 
ihorlly hi'fon.' her death. ' My iaotb<^r,' ha 
•nya, ' gricTi'd ao much for luT I'us that ahv ■ 
couhl never bo penunded to go out of monm- 
ing,bot moumi'dtill her own death i in 17S-'il, 
nor did ihe erer recover her ciieerfulneai. 
This liad one good elTeet, and that a very 
important ontt fur me: tAit iievi-r afterwurdjt 
looked into any book but on the subject uf 
religion, and ber only consinot corapnoion 
wan liT bihin, bi>riitn copying tli« fxnmpln 
of hi-r father." .\rthiir Y'oung wa* dcatinnd 
in time to follow tho Mime examplu under 
tho influence of a aimihir nliock- 

While atilt at school be begun lo write a 
hiitory uf England, bud fallen in lore, dud 
cultivate the art of dnncin^. M Lynn bis 
gallantry and his ilnticiii); alikn continund, 
and his ' gmnt fopptiry in driuw for th« 
holla" dRfirivcd him of the mnona hn re- 
quired for ibn piirohuR of books. lie ae> 
cordittgly compilvd political pnmpblot*, be* 




Young 



35S 



Young 



P 



RinDiriK in 1758 wiih 'Tht' TliButre of the 
IVtMiii \V»t ill NvTtb AmeKu,' Lmilon, 
Sto, for wliioh h* raceiTed, UH. in book*. 
lis klw wrot« fiwr i»ot«Ii>, 'TIio tVir 
Annriciw,' '8lr Chulm Hckufort,' ' Lmc; 
WitMii,' and 'Julik Itniuooi, or the Inno- 
CMit 8uffinvr.* In [70O nppMnil h'a 'H«- 
IU«tii>n*on (liu prcwnl Stat-- of Affsin kt 
lIoiD« and Abroad,' Londvii. Svo. Us 
■Blue j-ttar Lis f«th«r dw), mach in debt. [ 
Young iiow lef) I.Tun 'wiihoiit education, 
nrorwuinn, or innptoymnnt.' 1'h« death af| 
Mr*, toml'mttm lud uptct the M-.hnne or lu* 
M)ii<rii!R' iip<iii n m'TcnniilL- camv, and in 
1701 hr liflijiit: Liuisulf to London, weal 
into «<H'ii<ly, nn'i ittarti.'i} at lii« own eipenw 
n niontlily nmgintine,' Th# (TniverMl Mil- 
vrtiiD,' in Jmiiinrj' 1703. Dr. Jnhiimn m- 
fkiwd In nrii'' for it, and ndvurd him to 
Ifivn lip fi •I'lirinL- wliiiili wnu certain to fail 
' if till' bocjhirIIi-r!i hnvi! not tliv jiropFrtir.' 
AflM ltvi> luoiiliiB 'if e\[»;riDi<.-nt ii« found 
till* tidi'iei> aoiitid ; anr), peniiadiD^ thv 
booltaelle'n ' lo taW llio irholf achMna upon 
thrmai'lvea,* hn nliandonntl it to a ludcloM 
fkto. In 176.1 hi' brokn n blood-VMMil, and 
vaa ordeiiHl to tlie llotwelU at Briitol, 
wliurv ho m^t Sir Ciiitrle« Howard, who 
oRerod hiniii coniiDlnsion in hh own caralry 
r<viuieiil, hut Voiing'« uutliDr vu'oeil the 
ntopocnl, ICetnrning homa to Rradlidd, tie 
nund hi* •ule rpaniirciw to contitt of a cop;- 
fcold farm nf tnri'iilT iu^n'«, worth ahoul SO/. 
■ vunr. Ilia moiliirr propomid thai he should 
lake one of hrr own farm* of eighty ncrM 
al ]lrudli(-til and farm il. lie haiTiiu idiiii of 
farmlufT, bul aMiqited the offer, took <reit 
another farm, and applied himaelf to agri- 
culhin- fiv>in 17B^ to IT0<!. 

In 17(t5 ho miirriud Alarlhn Allan of 
Lynn, and, artiT h briof n-iidrnci^ at that 
plafr, niinoved wiih hin wiffl lo Itmdflitld. 
Tlio uinrriaici- wa» unlupuy from llio ontMt. 
In a ivtv short lime w« ffud him toniplain- 
ivg of iii« w'ife'n intractnlile I«B>pcr. A 
lorinR Hen, a dnvoled father, Voungirtaau 
indilTrriinl hmhnnd. Tho fnulta wer« per- 
hniH not atl nil hi* wife's lidiv IlUktlirra 
to Mr.. Oaken fnicii 17M to hrr death in ISll. 
iiill of phiyfithiMi and ilevp alTerlion, uid 
lliH refviyneiv lo Mrt. Oakos in lus diar^ SN 
in jpainfiil eOQirati to the reft^rvn^'S to lua 
vrite. Til* onW Iribnl* Voiing paid to bis 
yr'itr when •ho dii'd inll^lKwaa torocord <M 
a laUi't in llradlield churcli that alia waa 
'the (tfi-at-i^Bnd-cU lighter of John Allm, 
e«)„orLyn,; tioii»>in the county ofNorfolIt, 
thi^ fint iH'rMni, aorordinf; lo tu« Conlu de 
]t<>iihiiriirlti«r*, *rho there uaod marl.' In 
Ft^briiBry 1760 Walter Harte[<j- ».] wrote to 
thank \DUiig forhu letter* to tbe 'Mtuaum 




Ttwa^i 



QcbJl 



OtlMo] 



Rnatieoi' la 

Tbiakidlk*] 

ahip. Uaneajiiaed 1 

tribntioaa b> tW' Va 

addition* ia 

be entitled 'Em*^ I 

n ubandrr and Rnl 1 

Young fijUvwed lUa aMeb 

in Cour rean gained aafciwt 

r««liw bit ipwraBea. 'Tfe 

be writn, ' which perbapa of all 

BT lib I most dmly namtlad aad 

aioend ai a ain of tbc Maot— t ^5*' ' 

[iiiTiliiliiii|[ itii mull iif iiij 1 iniiiiiBi 1 

ihfarifniii jian. nhiili, naaliiiii — a f 

wu nothing but ignonim, f'i^t pm* 

tion, and raKalit;.' The pobGeatMs 

'Tba Fanwr'a l,«ti«rt to tba Feofk | 

Enftland,' shicb apMar«d anOBTBioiMl 

l767(L(iadon,8vo;2nd ed. \7ei: 3ri< 

addiiioon, in 3 rtA±, 1777 >, th< 'Mi 

paper* buingaimadcd nnder tba t iile ' St 

or oocatMoal Traeu,' a« wigrated bj 11 

In 1*66 Ilia darter Mary in* 
' Finding • miitnrie of familiea InMia 
with comfortable lirinff,' wrilM Ye 
detDrmincd lo ijuit Bradfi^'ld, and adrr^i 
in the London paper* for aiicb a F 
farm aa would luit mv til-ks an 
that ii to aav, l.UOM, Which I recciv 
mj wife, the r«mauid«T bviup neltln] 
bar.' Ha took ' a vet; fine Una' uf 1 
bundradacroa in Eaws, called SaBifonl I 
tried eiporinMnta, loat mooa;, and paid 10 
to a famcT to talw it off bia band*. 
iiuccMMor ' madp n fortune' out of the ph 
Youngwu at thin time in great atraiti. 
advertiMd for new tutat, and. an • mnilt ( 
viewing aeverat, rnll«ct#d >h« not«( of!" 
firat lour, ' A Six Woehe' Tour ibrourii 1 
Southern Countin of England and Wil 
(London, fivD, 1788: 2n'if5it.l7fiJt: .Tide 
177:J), in which ' for the lirrt time the I 
and principles of Norfolk htubandij wa 
laid Dofotv iht^ pubUc' lie now took a bia' 
of a hundred aero* iit Xc'rth Mimms in tUrt- 
fordahim, the onh- one he could find wiiki 
cuitnhle honacL It wa>, ba pays, not IMttiT 
atrrile Inud. ' A hungnr,Titrioli<:KraT«L I 
occupied fur nine yean tbe jawi of a voI£ 
A tiaoob's fortune wouklaink in ihcaltrnii^ 
to raiau a good araUif otop upon any rxta ~ 
in snch a coudIit'.' TIm ;ear (17081 ' 
dnngliter lUMyw-oji bom, end th* folJ 
Tnar hii nnlraon, .\rthur. In 17G9I_ 
iithed ' [.nttcra oonecmiug tbap w a ti ^ 
of the French Xatian'fLondon.f^To};'! 
on the Manafccmeni of Uogr*' (Loi>don,f 
?ad edit., with additioiu, in 1770, Lcm 
1 2mo) : and ■ Tbe Expediency of a Pr«a 1 
portation of Corn at tbit unic' (I 



Vvo,2aiInlit.l77U>— thelMtwarnitTprni>i-d 
by tlie iting. Hi* boolMcUcr >iid liis friunds 
Culnl for more toun. In 177(1 ajipt-arwl n 
'Six MoDtha' Tmir ilirou^li tlie >onli of 
Ennland' (Loncion, 4 toIs. 8r«: 2n(l edt^ 
1771); 'Tlwt l-'*mi«^r*i (iuidn in llirinir *nd 
StockinfT l-'arms' (I^odon, tivo): ' Rnriil 
ffioonomy' (I^n<lou. 8vo; 'Jad ndit. 1773); 
And 'ACoiirwof E»perinieii)«IAKriculturp' 
(LoodMi.^ Yuli, 4lol. wbicti hi! BubtiMjumtly 
■lleBiptvil M >uppr«v>* «j< ioiu.-ciirati' dud luirti- 
iB^ thnroiigkneM. Id 1771 came from bla 
pan tbt 'F*TnM>r'» Tour throiiah ihn l-loiil of 
KnitUnd' ( [»iidon, Brn); 'Tho Farni»r'« 
Cdwiditr' (London,6to),ol' which Dr. I'nm 
nenlionaiuiiianjrutai tiditiuii): und ' I'ro- 
mmIi to tke Lp([itlatim for numbt<[i[ig ihu 
Foople' (London, 8ro), a eu{,i;>-9ti>>n not 
•dopttdtilllhecenguiOf li^l. )Ii#n>ci'i]iiH 
from bin boolu w«w con^iijornblp, T*t we 
find liim nconlin^ ' No rJirthonn i^tut In- 
benKdu I did at (!ii* period (1770). >]3i'nd- 
iac Uk« hh idiut, hIwuvb iu debt, in iipit<? nf 
wkal I mrntd iritli llio swm of my brciw, 
nnd Altuosr tar livarr'^bluod . . . tli^ yi^ur's 
troi-ipl* I.lfi7/".' In 1775 he publi«bed ' Poli- 
tical Kiwjtrii ciiii(xn7iiii||> ihr prfment Stale of 
tbv IlriUih Kmpin;' ( London, 4tal, * At ihii 
time,' writw \aiin)i, 'I wu» no diativiuod 
that I had HrioiM ibuupbis of i|uiitia|t the 
kin^dOH and iroiufc to Amuriira.' Th« fol- 
lowiBf ^ear be imdi^Tlooh to tv-port tb(> 
dafaarMiDpnrlinmei)! forlUe' Morning Post" 
■t firr 2uinnna a wnob, wn1 king home r>evi>n- 
tem BiilMto North Mimntarvitrr Satiirdnr, 
■ad back on the Monday nnrnioji. In 177^ 

be Wroti! ' Obsprvnliuna on the prmeiil Stutu 
of lli«Wa«li' Lnnilii of Gn-ut l{riltiin'(Loii- 
dOB, 8io),atid in 1*74 'Puliiicsl Aritlimirtio' 
(LoiMlon, AfO ; pt. ii,, 1770, London, Svol, 
*me of my beal worka, whieh wan immo- 
dklPlT tnnaUted into tDanj lAagnn^f* and 
faighly commended in manv pnn » of Lurope.' 
He was tbig jur ele<.*ted u felluiv of thi: 
RoTsI Society. SuTuming up bia vtxHliunn 
•nJaniietiMatioiit Tbistiiue,I)eMyii;' Wbut 
iroiiiM not a »i>nfiibli>, quiet, prudi'nt wift* 
bnvi: done for taa? Iliit bnd I lO behnved 
to (Jod u lo merit mich a gift ': ' 

In 1776 III! ircnt to IreUnd »nd kirpt n 
journal of fait lour; bnt, ovinK Iu the nuc 
alil^ of a *eri-ant vrlio <!lQ\t Ilik trunk oii 
the way back from lintb to London, the 
joumni wM tott, irith nil (li^ ^puciTnena of 
teiiXt nnd niinerali which hn bnrl rnllaotnd 
tfaroitsfaoul th* while kingdom. \n 177* 
L«fd Ktn|riborou)i[h inriied Vounjt to bpromo 
liis ag«at in co, l.'urh at TiOU/. a year, vfitb a 
bouw at Milch«U(own, and a ruiamini; fee 
«f UDOL Vouiig^ m>'e up bis farm iu Ht-rC- 
(■Mdcliire and moved viib Mrs. Vouug to 



Ireland, but, owini; to diiu^naioiui with lbs 
KinfTiborouKh famliv, riTlumed in 177fl with 
an auiiuily of I'll, m lieu of nrreiirn. lie 
a^ain ibouirbt of goinR lo America, but wna 
diwu*d»d by bis mother, and onoe more took 
a farm n<>nr hom-i. In IiSU appcmrvd hia 
I 'Tour in livUnd' (London, 4to, 'i pt#.iij 
I Tbia volume, taokinjrtbo incidvntc andaa<!0^ 
dotes wliich hod enliviMicd ihn lo*t diary, 
did not ftttAiu lo a, aecnnd edition: but l.bs 
author's attack upon tht! buutity on land 
carriage of com to Dublin wiis almoat im> 
mediatelT aiicwWul, half the bounty being 
nboliahed in ibr' next ^msi'in of iinriiiini>'ui. 
In 1783 waa bom hi* yoitnp-atehild, Martha 
Ann, who cnlled b'nudf Kobin (which abft 

CinouncU'l Bobbin), and w«» the li([ht of' 
r father's ryes. In bis letters and jounmla' 
he strikt^a note of entliusiuum v bene ver Ilia'' 
' IiiYoly Bobbin ' i* cuicerued. She gT*w up 
a dfliRhtfiil rhihl, bright, affectionate, and 
intelligent beyond hrr yean. In l/MYnimj 
comnienctd bis ■ Annnia of Agricultiin',' a 
nionthlvpublieBiion.one third or nncfourlh 
of which I'ume from his own pen. Korlviix 
Toluroea appeared coiilinuously until iw)9, 
and detached in^italmi'Dts of the volume left 
iiicnmplr.tc in that year wenj published iii 
\>^\'l and ISlo. fHhar contribnlora wer« 
t-ieorp-'lll (under tho name nf Itnlpb Hobin- 
son, his Windsor ■be|ib<?d), lyitd Orfofd, i 
Dr. Sym Olid *, Jeremy Bsutbaro, Hir F. (jdmi, 
Horfe, Ba!iMim(i,Cokeof Holbham.l'riestley, 
Thomna Riij^gles, Lord Urietol, and Lonl 
Townahpnd. 

AUiot, this titnr canift 10 KngUnd M. da 
Ijizowaki wiih hi* two pnpila, tbn Counta 
do U i{ocb<-fciu<:auld. aona of the Due do 
Ltancourt. Laiowski had already made tho 
tour of France with these ladf^ IraTelliiig 
ovar most of the kingdom on horsebnck, and 
brought th^m to Knglnnd to acqiiin.' tbe 
language. Tho tutor had ' given nome at- 
tetii.ion to ajfriculturc, and pnriiculnriy to 
[joliiical economy.' On bia orrivnl bt sought 
out Youn^, and this led to an ac(|iiBintanva 
with tbe duke and to the siibseiiuent tour 
in rrnnce. In I78^> Voiiogi'a mother died, 
and llradflold boc-nmn hia properly. The 
snmo year ho ' went on a farming joiirn^^y to 
tho IJakewells," the fumoua ngricidluriata 
wbo improved so greatly the breed of British 
Btrwk. This year Voung was consulted by 
Pitt upon his Irish propoaals and upon a 
l»^»u^■r■^ conaumption of taxed cotnmodi- 
lip*. Knrly in IiS7 Liuowaki wrnto fmm 
I'nTii to sny that he whs going viih iha 
Count do la ltoi:hefoucnuid to the ["yronuM, 
and to propose that. Vouinj should hu of Iba , 
parly. 'This,' says Yoiin^. * was touchmff 
a string Iremendooa 10 vibraio.' Ue haij 



k 



alitadir ctiM«d oter to 0>Um fer • tew I 
dija m 1'^, 'jiut to FBaUe Un la Mj I 
tbat he bail bnn in Fraan.* In \he tarrpj ' 
of BgnctdtBrv whkh lie livl takm in 
^»j|«»^ and IreUad of »boat x^ini ikna- 
■Bd inilM bt 'had ealCBUlnl froai bcO 
dM tmt, pradnM, uul i«««urcr* of thoae ; 
Imijidoaiii, nnd biJd oftea rdlrctn] m ibe 
■mpartanci! oC knowing tlie r«1 ntvation of 
Ftmim. ibe Fffwt of goretimmt, ihv «atM 
ef ili« hrKnn, of lb« poor, tb# Mai<i uid 
«ii^at oirUMirtBaBuftMurM, with a kiiBdt«d 
otber iMniriM efftainl; of folitUa] inport- 
uttt.' Vot h* ccm\d not find ihii in aay 
Fnocb book vriiicn fniB actual o l a ana - 
lioo. AcootdinKlr he citwvd from IkiT«* 
with lunnareoa 1AM«t 17^7, and returned 
in N'oi«tnb«r, tondading ki* journal wiifa 
th* word* ■ lla<« mofv pl«a«Dt« ia giving mj 
littla Dirl a Frmdi doU iban ia Tiswiw | 
Vnnaillca.' Hooa after bit return Sir J. I 
Siiif ioir prmaded km to fir the cipennent 
of cl'jthiB^ shora afaeep wilh a corering of 
oibkin and «aana. Ha ■alicnoualj' reeonb : ' 
<Ididti>,ukd th«rMl of thvflockiookiheai, 
I auppow, for braatu of pr«7 and Bti ia all 
^irtftioiu till lh« dolwd ihM, innpiiig 
bcdtcva and diicbco, »oon dcrobM them- 

•rKra.' 

Earl J ia 1788 Vouns ma deputed by the 
wool-gTOwcn of Buflblk lo rapport a petition 
againat tbe wool bill. Sir Jo«^h Banks wu 
uaocialed with him aa«di>piiijfi>r Lincoln. 
Young Kaw Fox on Ihn ^ubjpri, wat ei- 
umaod at tlic bar of both hoiuM, and pnb- 
Ikliad two imtnphlptii on the bill. ' Tbc 
Quuitioa of \Voi)l truly s<al«l,' London, bi'o. 
But Th<? bill jm^Brd, and VouDf; wai buTnwl 
in vl&gj at Nurwicli hj iu auppon«rs. litis 
bnunsM enabled hin> to hear tbe fpewhw 
atlketnolof Wanvn Halting*. OniKIJalj 
bo Mt ont for a woond joiimrj in Kmncr. 
After travUinx a hundred milt* hi* mare 
frJI blind, but he pMaeTcred and biaualil 
ber Mfi-I; bnc^k to BradSeld ai tbe md of 
OdobtT. Aftvt riding her tlir«v thousand 
•eran kundn^d iutl«a ' buiDanic; did not 
allow him lo 8^ kar.* Ilo hr>>iight back 
from Ljona mom chieory M*d, which hn 
MWimI at Bradlirild, and ultiroatrlf ffnrw 
nrer a hundmd acrm of it. In 17S9 bu 
modi! bi» third and laat joumer lo France, 
thin time in a jKutcbaiw to canj remarkable 
«oilH, manuruciiirvs, wools, Aic. and pushed 
on to Italir^Turiii, Milan, Lodi, Ber^mo, 
^'erona, ^ ieema, I'adiin, Ibilo^nn, Florence 
— returning bomi> otpt Mnnt Cnnis and 
Tia Lyons, 30 Jan, 1700. Iln wn« an i-tw- 
wilaeM at Paria uidV«r«ailli-K of the moving 
•oenea which otkcnid in the ]-'rcnch rproln- 
tion, uid describe* ihcmTiridlj. Uia lettera 




liinS 
u>ali«V 



from F^aace In Bobbin (aosic hi yean ol 
•how a remariiahle «*ti>aai« of M-r ii 
ffcBOP, e.j, : ' Slonlina, An*. 7, 17(6 . . . 
n'bal do fan ibink of the Freiuh at mA ■ 
inaiiia»t as this with • fttw pre* P Yrt ia 
this c«mta] nl a grrat prariiiop there i> oil 
(pnUiddf) OW a«Wf paprr l a be ana : at a 
coflea-houM wbffv twrnfr laMee Cur eon- 

^j not oim! What bWwd inonae*! 
! Paro m— hara dona tlw miole, nd 
are lh» oaiy enlightened part of tha k— .' 

Ia Octolier 1790^ when he was p n -p a r i i y 
tda Fnach Iranls for tbe pc*«a, a tmIcm 
lentr brought him to tbe brink of dadb 
<)a kit TMorrtT b* wmtf- what he calb 
mekaebolT tariew of hi* pam life* ia 
'Annak,''l791, it. Ifi^»7. Tn 
' aendn of the lart 90 year* of the rd 
&rming life' he Maiea that tbe ' .\nnali 
■ro *gT«ailj praiaed but not bought. 
Still I have nnl loM by it.' Tbete wat s 
regnlarsakof thrc* handned and fifty. Boi 
be coaclnde* ladly thai be i* being drirea qat 
of England by laiation.andmuMgoioFtaaea 
or Anaerica to liie. ' Men of lar^ fortiint* 
aad die poor hare rea»oo to think ih> f*- 
T«nnDetit of ibis country the first in tk« 
world. Tbx middU Ha«eM brar the bnuiL' 
A* to hi* tour in F'rancv, tke oaniiKriU 
when tinitlied will, be pxpnctii, find nobe^ 
weller to nanibaac it, and will ' teat oa 
nbelf.' 

In 1791 WaakuigtOB and Lnfayr! 
enirreil into cotnanondeaee with him, 
tbn king pivaraird bim with a S| 
mrrino ran. In 171^ appparvd tlie 
in France dcrrinf tke Yi-ar* 1787, \7^ ul 
178» ' (Dory St- Edmundn. i> toI*. 4io; itA 
edit> London, 1791, 3 ToU. 4to). Yoangbad 
abridged ki* oianuwcript byoD4^.faaltbiil had 
Bot eatirely sncrifin^ tu* ' personal inti- 
denls'andenlivanin^gnMiip.iheloaaofvhicl 
had beau Ml in tus IHidi lour. In 11^ 
of tbi* year bn pnncaed to ' arm ih« pc» 
perty of the kiniroacn ia a nort of faoiw 
militia.* He repFnted the sujrfT'siina ia tks 
'Annals.' 1792, xviii. 4da, aud embodied >■ 
in hit ' Example of France a Waraiu te 
Itriuin' (London. 179S, 8ro: Snd aiadM 
odils. Bnry St. Rdmnndf, ITW, ^i«: 4Tk 
edit. London, 1794. 8rn), wbirh gave gt>at 
eoniforl lo IHct and hi* parly and to Burkr. 
and apcrilitv ran ihroogh four lai^ rdilioiaL 
Ue prmnptV *^^ >■> example by enralUng 
himself in a y«omanr7 cofvs at Bury. On a 
bint of Lord Lougkboron^ he now boogkt 
four tbouMsd fbur hoadred acrva of Yorfcr 
(himmoor, but almost iiainnliately after lhi( 
(1T9S> I'itt created tbe board of agrinltixn 
and appointed Young •eerctaty at a lalaiy 
of low. a year and a bouse, lie at oooi 




Young 



361 



oung 



•ilv«rtLU>d liU Yorkibirc »tat(- for »a]v, and 
ftftcrlirdvi' inontbB found s ]mrclis»vr. W« 
•OOD liiiii liimoKiiipluiniiit; of llix iiMiromsins 
•nd ihwiirlirif; cfiiidiici <>( Sir Jmiii Sinclnir 
i [q.T.],pi*»ii1'Ht (if th« Ijntird, ond of Ui« ini'pt 
and p(Mipitnt» appoint mfiiu of iiiFouipitlcDt 
Mison* fnnrlle tbu mpoitt cf ii(-rii!ullurt> 
n MT«nl countiM. Yuun^ diil nut biinaelf 
'write a '(iruFrat View of tlia Agricultiir* 
of th« Counij uf SuMvx' (Loudoii, 179^, 
4Ia), oflun attribiilctl to him iimtvod of 14 
bis MR, Arlbur Yniin^; bul ho win raapAn- 
■ible for ihi- 'firnprn! View of tJw Afiri- 
CvltOTO of llir> Countv of Suffolk ' |lj>[i(iou. 
17M. 4lo). In 17'.M bu fuuuJ'^d Tli<- P'lir- 
■Bcn' Club. His iluiifibUT I'illtubeTb, wbo 
IimI rDOTrii-d the lE^v. Johu tlnol«.<]l>^ilin llin 
nsM Tfsr. In 1 T&i b« piibliihiil ' Thn ('on- 
e^tulmoSiif^ without Iti'fiirm't lluryl^t- Kd- 
laiindi, *"vol nnd 'An ld« of iho l'rv»mt 
S(Bt« i>f l-'mncn' (lyjndoii, Svo : 2liU udit. 
Mmii yi-nr, London, Hvo). In ITIKI bi- litid 
knotIiprinIi'r\*ii-w wilb I'ltt.nndMuiidedbiiu 
on tbe'proi>rii.'lvofr>'i[ulBti'>ii by nnrliament 
of the price uf Ulmir.' T!<j ffiand I'ilt, likn 
Burh«, a» wm to hw e^piiplj^i in inidfintu of 
Adam Smilh, boMili* to ihp idea. Tbi» year 
lie mndp n t™ir in Dc'vonsliim nnd Ciirnvriill. 
rvturainft by Sfiinenirl, and piiblibbed un hl*- 
caant of il in tha * AiiuuIh.' 

In 17117 ho wtMp ' Xatioiial r>«nBi'r nnd 
UmMmuh of Siiftly' ( London, St ol.Diit ihp 
cufTODl uf hia IhourhM wsi noon to chang*. 
The blacV vnar of bii lifa «n* unw come 
BobbindieiiinbRrfonrtwnlhypnr. Her cor- 
napondmcc with berfni lier i» very toucbmg. 
'Uneof iheswectosl tcmpura,' be writer, 'uiid, 
forberytani, one oflhu beat utidf rata 11 dings 
that I PV«T mi>t with. ... I burifd h<>r in m^ 
|iew, filing thecoffin no that whnn I knrcl it 
willhebtflwnhnr head nnd bn* di^ar hcjirt. 
Tbl* I did nta mpjinnof pmerviupr ibv ^ief 
I fn-1. nnd hope to fret wLUo tbi! brentb Is in 
my body. Il lurus till luy views tu an here- 
after. , . .' 

{'yam this linie Voiint; wn> n bmkrn ninn. 
Liike hU mnlb^r nn<l hi* f^nndfnlhir, hn 
carrird bin bflrpnTcmcnt rver wilb him. A 
nrttbrd alooin di'c|M-ned inio religioiLi fauu- 
ticisau llcj^ve up socit-ty. Hbridi^'dbiiieur* 
mpondence, \vS\ bis journal bluuk for four 
iuoaih», and brijiided over senuona, to which 
hig tbougblfl and reading almost escluaively 
turned, lie continiml, howover, to pro8»- 
cule hi« dutim at iho board of aKricnltiira, 
whnrc Sinclair wu iiup«nu!di.>d lu praident 
by Lord Somerrille in 17il8, VouniF piint4xl 
a letter to hti friend ^^'itIiaTn Wilberfurpe, 
vnlitled'Enquirv inlotbe 8lat« of tbe Public 
ilisd WKiag«l lue l^iwer Cliuses' (lioodou, 
179^ 8ro), and publiabed ' General ^low of 




(he Agriculcun of the County of Lincoln' 
(l^ndon. irm, Sro); 'The QueatioB uf 
Scarrily plainly «)tal>M'(I/>ndon, 1^00, Sto); 
■ Inquiry into t.li*' l*ropri«'ly of npplyinz 
Wnstoljindu to thn Ilitltor Mainlmnnci- and 
Support of the I'oor' (London, IWH.StoI; 
' E»«ny on Manunra' (London, I8I>1. 8Ta); 
' Gvueral Vie™: of the Agrieultun! of llert- 
fonUbire' (London, 18Ut, 8io}: 'Oenervl 
View of the Agricoliore of Norfolk " (Lon- 
don. 1S(H, 8vo) ! ' General View of the 
Agriculture of the County of Kt^ax ' (Lon- 
don. I^IJT, 2 vol*. 8vo);' '(Jcocral Itnport 
on Inclosurea' (London, 1807, ^voj; and a 
paper ' (Ju the AdvantiiueB which bavn ^■^• 
sultt'd from ibe Fstablislimeul uf (be Board 
■>f Agriculture' (Lfind-ia, l^ffl, ^ivo). His 
' View iif the Agrieiiltur*' of ORfordsblre' 
(London, 1W)9, 810") wn« In Iip nlinnst iIm 
last of bin oIKcinl writiiiRii, for hi* i>ve*i([ht, 
long fnilinfi. tiow olinoat putirely ^pjcrli^d 
hitn. In IKIl he u-aa coucbed for cnlnracl, 
A wicek after the operation Wilberfurce caiua 
to his darkens! bedside, Irild biiiinfibe death 
of the Duke of (truflon, and painted m vivid 
a picture of the Ina* suntnini'd bv aariciiltnra 
that VnuDir huwt into team luid dculroyed 
tile Uit hctpa of r(*ori'riiiB tliu um of liii 
eyes- It is only necensury to mention bis 
few Bubsequmt jiubliuutiunB : ' On the Hus- 
bandry of lbs Three Celebrated Farmers, 
Bakewell, Arbiilbtiot, and Ihieket' (.l^jn- 
don, 1811, l»vo): ' rooniry into llii- I'fo- 
BT9H*ivpValui'ofMonoy'(l.<mdnn,18l2,8vo): 
Inciuiry into thi- Iti«u of I'ricr* in Kurope' 
(I^ndon, 1815, 8vo)— tliMe two na jeparnto 
parts of vol. xlvi. ( I8OSI) of the ' Annals' — 
nnd two cuuipilations uf religious pieceSi 
'Baxieriana' (LoodoOt 181S, l^mo), and 
' Ow^niana ' (J^ndOD, 1817, IStno). Ho 
died of Iho gtODo at bis official n>*idnnca 
in SaekvUlo ijlmttt, London, on 20 April 
1820. and won buried at Itradlield. Uia 
fanaily became extinct on the death al Brad- 
field in 18U0 of hia graudnon, Mr. Arthur 
^'ouiig, only son of the Itei'. Anbuf Young, 
the son of the firre«t africulluri»t. 

Y'oling'a manuscript, rvmnins inrliiiii an 
nutnbiogranhy, ndiicd by Miw M. Iletbnm- 
Kdw^ards (London, 181)^1, ond mnlcriuU Torn 
fin-Bt work on ngricutiun.-, coinuieni^ed in 
1808, uf which ■ Iranscription in Leu folio 
volume* by bis secrelary, W, de St, Croi«, ts 
in the British Museum (Addit. ?il»S. aiR2l- 
f)48C4), together with a collection of liiacof- 
rwrpondcni'f.chipfly Ictlef* addrciui'd to him- 
i«'lf.toget!imFltbnfnwn!plip»(Addit. MSS. 
318L'lt,a5lL'()-33). This work, entitled 'The 
Elements and Practice of Agriculture,' be 
states to be 'on the buia of &¥ years' ex- 
periooco, much of the labour of more thsa 



Young 



36' 



Young 



Urin^ 7**t>i •*■! tnrelliiif to an «xteat of 
■BDi* lluui twcniT IbeoMud ■iil«a.' Uo 
larmtA m fine libmr «■ agricvhnre moA 
<C»wwiw, ditpenad W interfals diiriag tb? 

MMion of PtqImmt Foiv«I) of CasMdJ^s^ 

A* a WTVUT YounfCOBWibiiud «othui« nf 
parowiMiiit impcfftonoctawudi ttwadran «• 
iMOtof politMleootwinjt b«Uliei«iiMiii>i ja 
■naUrt of EnsUab wntocs on •fttindiurv. 
ne BngUilt Undtorda of hU ubm ««iv Uw 
but unaeiiutiTe a«GtMa of an wBwagiaa- 
tira DMrie. Ai Mr. I^hIi* St«pti«a ha* 
naanaa, Voang MrriiNl ini« agrieultim 
'thtapirit wUdiw* ircnrnllv acMKJaic with 
tlu! xtvmt ivTolulioa of wawhcttirra. u 
appiiitl lo (b« MDt(MD|ior«r7 d«*elopfiMnl of 
agricullaiT.* Ili^ira* lodvblifabk ■■ otaar- 
vaii^a, innuiries, rfMatchaa, aad exptti- 
ntMii*. collectiaf bjr band the >ml* of 
kttificial f[Ta<Mm ana »o«ii)g tlmta himtclf, 
pouiiiii|{out to the GOBntrj' a*a«bolepra^ 
ticci wbich wero awpaetifnl in partkalar 
nvighboiarbootU at ham^ and abroad, ondea- 
vooriu, with the aid of PrieMlfj, to dt*- 
oover tb« ebeniiury of coib and to »,fflj 
Kifiu-i* tn |ini>:(iM, ilMwaiillji attsmptott 
aew motboiU, tmw ratattona of crops, and 
•tirrinc np a wtdmraad and intelU^^ tn- 
tantt M tha ileTMOfiiBeBt o( ngriouliuFal 
oeieaco. lie tbougbt t1i« taoti ua»f«l f«a- 
tnra of his loun waa lua loach! tig upon tha 
eorivct oourata of oropa. Ilia woriw wera 
■Bucli ou««aaed at homo tad abrottd, and 
«ap«»a]Ij in Iho tiro gmt tifrncultural coua- 
tne* of Euii>p« — Fmtii^c aiu) Kuuin. In 
1801, b; order of tin l>irrctoire. his work* 
WM» tmtiilali'd inlo Freocb.anJ pubfiAbed 
at i'ari* in ei«bt«vn octavo volutnea uuder 
tbe tille 'LeCaltirateur Angloia.' A t«t 
of tbeTolunua wMwot to YonntrbjCamot. 
Th» Empnaa Calbarino (Ant bim a jrold 
ntuff-boi, wilb onainn rlonlu for liii wife 
ud dangbtvr. In ISO! C^unl Itnitopdiin, 
gaT«raor of ilotcow, mmiI biia a tinuff-box 
atuddod with di&inoDdi, iiiicribed ' from a 
pupil to bit mutvT.' Hi* phix'ipil w<>rii» 
wriv tmnHlBtnl iulo ItuMiao anci Oi?rnna. 
Bn-nklktliiiic at ItrAdllfild on one ocnuion, 
tbtf ]>ukit of BedfW foiind him surrounded 
bv piiiiiU from lEiiuin, i'*ra.nrr, Amvriea, 
KapW, Poland, .Siinlj. nnd I'ortuf^nL Ha 
waa an bonnnirv mfunbiw of countl«at ao- 
ci«ti*a at bona luid abroad. His ootre- 
■pondonta tnolududall tlif d^lcbrated u)«nof 
lua tinio. Ilia l<9ti'!n> from Wonbinffton 
w«ra publldiiid in 1803 (Alo^Mndris, Sn). 
Otb*r wrrMpondentu wirp lAfayottO, iba 
nrinci' biibop of Wilna, tlnllrr, ArbnlhtMt, 
|*ri.»llry. Ikki-n-i-ll, Howlntt, Tbomn* 
Wilbvrforco, Jobn Howard, iSar H, 





Darv.Cotoof Holkham. Ualiba*. IWmH, 
Kit, ftnrke. Sir J. SincUir. Edwin Wak*. 
field, hii brolb«T4n-law Pr. Bnm*T ami 
Faonj Bumn Olac. d'ArbUv). Lord 8b#t. 
bame. Lord Kamea, Lord SliaAeU, Lard 
Edan, aad half the peenm. W« dttact a 
litUa Taa>i7 in tfa» car« with which ba pr»- 
aarrad tha Boat trittinf notes and inriNttaaa 
from dnkea and aartiu Tbe kinfi Battcnd 
him gnatlj. 'Mr. Youn^,' be onee vidlo 
btm, * I cenmire mrvlf mnrv jodebtcd lo 
Tou than to aar man in m; dominiom,' aad 
M navrr itnrellod wiiliaiit tb* * Aitn^'in 
the r^al carriaf*. Yoong waa a cnai 
bronritainmeictT. Virsciooa.liifrb-niiniad, 
■ad well nifoirBB«d.h» wibt anagnwabUoon^ 
paniOD. Hia eharaclPrijiLc-f arv abundullf 
iBaaif«Bt«d in hia writiiwi, and tberv i> no 
lack of naalMia] ttorfarmuifta menial pictim 
ofhiaperMRaliir. Hia poctrait wwi painted 
br Umag about 179S, and a ■BiniaiHtv at 
blm br W. Jatt"!* b now in tbepoawio 
of Mr. Alfred Mornaoa. EacnTUiiiB &an 
these ma; b« foand in Sir Ernnt Cla ' 
' Qiatcrr of the Boaid of Africuliuiv,' 
(J«mn^ if Jteygt Ayrieuitiral .Sw» 
Riftmt, vol. iz. ^. L) Ui* tall >liRi I 
thin fwiore*, ai]uiliae noae, and ha ' 
are in katpw with the rcatleaa acli« 
character. HBroMai K aji., bat 
i>pea air; on one oeCMOti— undauntrd < 
eetimentaliBt— be brohothvic^in thepondt. 
bathe, and r«ll«lliiibod]r iaib^sDowtDtaM 
tliveiect. VtTa^Iy iitba chief obarm of bl( 
writiap. nigrac^ downright KtiKli'biaoaa 
of manv po4Qi« or rewmhmnce betwnca hint 
andCobtMHt. likatbaMBtaatparairil 
eeanomict>,tlia pivot of bi« pnnciplMl 
promote the maxiwum nat prodaev i ' 
culture. Abamtee landlord*, aotii 
method* of Cullivalion.wactiv and CO _ 
Hiaall boldiaga wrre bis pet arnrvniM,ii 
hnidnd tb« intemperate enuada in b« 
i-ni^loMim. ButitiealMOatalwaTapoHiblei 
(^iitrniliirt him out of his oirn moatb. " 
of tb* iit(«t«n«mf« in hii'Toiir in 
»ii{Ci,ifiilvd tbnt hewai inirmpaifav wKh i 
impetidin); ivrolulion- But b« H«CMded hia 
consiMencj by de^larinf; that ' lh» renin* 
lion befoiv the lOth o( Au^niM wai aa dif- 
fnrant from tbn rerolulion after that diTa* 
lijlhi from darkuHv.' In borne poUtica I 
ynt oppoiod tocolonial extanaioD- TWl 
of thu AniL-rican eoloniea, ' north of lob 
fap (honpht. 'HRoodthiofC.' Canada and Nori | 
Scotia Were not worth ^ottiaidf . • If tbn' 
MBtinue poor, they wilt br no mailMIiL u 
rich, they will revolt: and ibat t 
the boat thing tbej ran do fiir ' 
tMC' The Im of India 'sinrt 
OL-aitT to comn.' 






^ 



Young 



3«3 



Young 



V&rious cunftMCuiilribuliMl to render clw> 
aicalliu 'Travel) in Frttui?«.' His fidelilj 
M a practiMd and oWnaut traveller in ftl- 
tMt«d br MiM Edgvvrorth, who >li'cl<>re« kis 
'Iiuh imir' la cnntnin itip mmt f«itli(iil 
porlniturv of \h« Iriih peninntrr that hml 
T«C ■ptHMTLi). He carrii-cl tiiK noia good 
uitli BDil nlin-wi) inli'llittoiico to France, 
wliicb bectnia during ihe Napoluonic wan a 
COunli7 of supreme iDt«r«it to £n);IUbiiiea 
BO longeffablelotrikTelfixul^nliout ii. Thu 
flist part U a iprislitlj' dinrv of traTi<l ; ili« 
McoadaaobcrttudVof nKriciiIturr. nnd fact' 
UmI figurea uf cullLvulioii ot' tlin >oil in 
Vnjaev, Spain, and Ilaly. Ilia tU'scrijitionii 
ofaceneiy and peo^ilu, liU rifpisttiMof fjea- 
wnt lifb — the old woman i;tiiiuirinH grsM by 
tbc roadside for hnr cow, ibe aWnce of aboM 
■nd atockinfp amona tbe poor, tb« foriDCirs 
•li^inK uvcr tlicir not»c« or catllo for thn 
aake uf unruilU, th« life of the imis ~bU fuli- 
eiioua pbnUHijr ('lliomasic of property titmi 
Mod into ^Idn, liis aiitiioritntiiu rtHxinl of 
til* condition of the ^pl^iudet-ailbillierto 
unattcmjiled, tbn pnce of proviAionB, ibe 
mode o[ living, hnuHin^, ctolbiiig, social 
ctulomii, picituKK, cburvbeiL, famnua in«n, 
and prvItT women, toui bint? to mnke bi» work 
one of loo periuaiieiil FUilrt't'ii of Iiintory ; 
wkiU th« tpontaueitr of bi« jwrnuuul frelnif; 
l«nds to bift joiiroal tbe kinU of in[er««t 
wbich fi lakp ill a (viupntliclic mmaacc. 
WitOH* hi* oxi'lnmitlioii on ntin-ntan eoi- 
Bneurt: 'If I weruliinBof t'mnccrforonndnsf 
uow I would make ibo f^uai lotd« «kip 
again I ' Or bis trip fo Cbamli^rjr to ten llie 
ho«u« of Mme. io WarenK, mid of tlio ' nib- 
linii),* • immorlnl, and "pl^ndjil genius,' liou«- 
aaaa. In tatsr ye-an nn niinnjrmnng corre- 
roondtBt WTOla to r«proiirh him fnrhi>prai»n 
of an aUieiit who bod i-xi^miivd no ncfniioui 
an iufluHDi^uouthehuEniuiiniiid. Youngnotcn 
Hpoa her letter a rucuiilulionand anexpren- 
MOnof reeretformeriliiin; this 'Jiisl rebuke.* 
But Ibc Young who pnrh^rcd tbe pL-aeaut? 
togathacal Itradfli'ld llall on Siiiidnv even- 
infclormd tbrm church jprvici-i mill ex hurt 
Uwill with enlbiuiaitn — Iilrninj; hii boi-k 
upoii them till bis allnndnnt fnei'il bii nigbl- 
leos «ye« in the ptwper dicvction— wan not 
tbe Young who wrote lh« travela. The 
**rrorcnndBb»iirdili^4' which be deplore* iu 
bi* wricinn nm «oiiictiiiip« ihoto we «boald 
be Isut willing til loM. ' I ni<>l to-dny,' bo 
•aja in bis lirat ' Tour in France,' ■ with nn 
iiutaitceof ignorance iDUWi-lt-drrKMdFronch 
mewhsnt that surprised me. He hndplaffund 
no with abiinduuce oflinwomef fooliib que*- 
tiona, and lh"n nakoil for the third or fourth 
tini; what counln' I was of. I told him 1 
waaaCliuis»«. How taralTiatiintcountrj ? 



I rvplird two bundrrd leagues. '■ Detu c«nt« 
liuuu! Diablo, c'rit un grand chaminl" 
Tbe oilier day a Frcocbtnan lukud me, afUr 
lelliuK bim I was an Kugliabman, If w* 
had trfeM iu Eiiuland ': — 1 rupliod, ihat wo 
had ft few. Had we any nveia?^Oh, none 
at all. "Ab,Diafoi, c'e«t liiL>Btrt*tat ' Tbia 
incnviibln ignoranco, when compared with 
thii kriowlMg* *o univntmlly diuominatedi 
in England, >« to be attributed, like cvary»' 
tiling else, to guiyrninictil.' i*n>biibly in hi* 
liut dtiys VouTig rvuiirded tbssu'abaurditicH' 
af rep)vhijn«iblu fuf^hooda. 

[Tho chitf anihoriiy for iho lifo of Yoong la 
the A 11 1 ol'i(i)in>|>li IT alrMll; M'mti! lo. In ITM , 
viu |>iib1"!ivd n l>ktitcli of itio Life of Artbq 
Vouiic, SooTtary to the Bourd of Apriculiiua^ 
|Ix>adiin, Krn). Hiafrianil and iiinlii^ilnTtun-i 
dniit. V>t. .1. A- Phtis. wrote A BioKmpbiL'd ! 
Mxniuir of Arthur Vuung. Ev|., F^.S.. and 
8«crrlary la iho Bciiinl of A^icultunt (from 
Originnl Dociiniimt* flirniibiid by hix uwn M«- 
niurHixU), 31 pap«. 8ru (appMrra in (JtiHrtm'lj j 
Joumnt of Seisn«i>, Lit^lure, and Ibe -^rt^j 
t«ndon, July. Ifliil). Sanalio A. Pill. Artbuf ] 
Young. JoiiriiHt of rhr KoTiil Auriiiiliiiral Ho- 
«ietj, vol. ir. 1803; Mim ilfiliKm Kdwatit*. iu 

Ervini'Bto Bobn'« edition of the Tour in Fmnee; 
. Stephen'* Slnilira of a B<ogm[>h«r, ISnS;, 
SMTanion >a WmlO), Reriaw, niilK. l6t)3;J 
llnuilnlhiri'* I'liblipislot Uodarsn, 1863: Pro* 
thfto's Pioncan iind PtogroH of Bnaliob Farm- 
in r. IHHM : Donald wu'k A Rncuttuml lilograpliy ; 
M. I^iicii l*virrgHi! Eivw an Mniii»iin[ sri'oiiiil of 
Young's visit to the KoyulSrwirtyof Ajjriculiuro 
in I'ari< in tho Apiirndtx lo hi* Economiatca ■ 
Fmiitiii» du ariii' Siicl*. A liiUiiigmphj' uf hie i 
'•nlin)j>.,('(iiD|iil«llpy.l. F. Andirnon. is atipTi'lei 
to Hutton's edition of iho Tourin Iroliiml (B«hn'« 

■srip*.)) n. ii-i. 

YOUNO or YONO.nAltTIIOI/)ME\V 
Of. lli77-lol.)^), translator of Monteinuyor'a 
Spimi^h ruuiance of ' Diana.' wiu, accurdias ] 
to a pedigree in Hnrleian MS. I7t>4, aonuj 
Oregorr Young of Yorkshire, He dvocribaa j 
himanlfR* flf till' ?iliddla Temple and look 
part ai a Fnmcb omtor in a ■ public »h«iw ' 

6iTi>n at tbe Middle Trrapli-, wbtn Lndy 
,icli, probably thu sister of Kssei, waa , 
auiung the audience. About l&'i be was 
for two years in Spain. Ou coming lioina I 
be apeot 'welny throe yeerG«in tome serious ' 
aladiMi and ccrlninn atfairiMi * without using 
h\* Spaniab. .\t tlii* point bn fidl into tbn 
company and atqiiaintiuice ' of mv especial 
(rood friend I'Mwurd Hanister of Xdnaworth 
■u tbe Countie of Suuthnniplon. Esquiiir.' 
Bnnislvr guve him the drst and Beuond paria 
of Monieiunyor'ti ' Disua ' lo traiitduto into 
Kiiglinh, dial \tv miglil not lo>«e bis Suauihli, 
He did not iinbli»h his translation lor»ix- 
tenn jcara. In tbif nwjintiin?naotber tranv- 




/ 



Voung 



JMtaa mm t a m fl ttmj by I An _ 

will It dMtd ar^Ui^ leua k 

fH|i,nj ta thfM fmwJ*. ti whoa V 
oM, 'toba ti*»*tJ tariWIcM 
w^' n4 M «Mh Uwi km m^im Imt 
jdap. It bi^H-. 'Th fm Im^ of iU« mj 
vol ii wfitMi by tmj Imm fisMil Xt. 
Htwtwln— ■ Te«nr, wkicfc ■• wvaia &■ 

IflDS. Wiwd tUaki tfat 
YoMC «H Ik MM wko Ii««d ■! 
la EmH, >Bd dMd Dmn n laSL 
J6«*iiM hiM with ■ BtfiMow* T< 
wbat» M Bn f i rfw ia tb« w g«*i g of 
«f He ItaaitaD'*-in-(l»WMt on SK Stpt. 
lots. HnM* Uie ilHtJatian of * IKaaa ' to 
J<a4j Ridi ia bop Uifk UnirmT. EMet,Bat*r 
—mi^i ihM ba waa ■ ntatiie of Fnack 
Yownr of BtMl-P*Iku», to whom Aaxkoay 
Xnufar in leosdfdiatad'IUaMriaofEaf- 





Yoang muanlboraf: 1. 'n>C3*ileOa»- 
TUMtioN of If. titiBbiB Qvaaa, wnttan 
lot in IuUm, itiviM isM fosn hM^M. 
iIm flnt Ham tnaalated otn of Pmicfc frv 

0. Pt«w . . . In tlM FootUi it u Mt douiir 
thm Umam of CiviU CoaTMwtioB, bjr aa 
Hiumpia nf ■ Baaqnal, noida in CunA*. 
)»(wi>cnc aixc LonI* and fonre Ladie*. Ana 
BOW tnMlatcdost uf Italian into Engliih bj 
Bwlh. Yolinir. oT Itw Middle Temple, Liral. 

Jiaprinivxl at Loadoa fay Tbowaa EmI,* 16^ 
4lo. 2. • Anoroiu Fiaarawtu. WIwmu U 
MtU douiw a ratoIn^iHt of alt aad (iiifDiBr 
TTMI-r- of I<0Tn anrl jiTilniuR, incident to 
OD niuaond j-onK finnilciroaian, with * 
wHaMe careat for aU womea to cadwwt! 
«lMMtfull and wiclied Loth, bj an apfamt 
tXMmpie of a NeapoliUB Lady ber approred 
and lonit niiwcitn. and witb Bany Maade 
<I«ti'ir(aii««a from tb* tanv. Kint wrrtttm 
in Italian hy Mantnr Jobn Bocaciv (be 
learned l-1<7rr-iitiiii<. *»^ roi-t Laurpai. Aad 
■ow duns into Kngliali br II. (iiuTano del 
U.TeBip,[B. YotuiK of ib« Middle Tumple]. 
VfUh nat«a in tli« Marine, and with a 
Tabia ID the eDiI», of tbij elueCmt mailer* 
oontayned in it. At liondna. Prialml by 

1. 0. for TlinmaA (tiibUn and Thonaa N«w- 
man. Anno lAHT,' b.L, 4li>. Thit>>d«di- 
cal«d to Sir Willlnm Ilnitoiu 3. ■ Diana 
«f flooiga oTMonlcmaTur: [tBiulat«d out ()f 
Spanlah inio Kn);li>li tiv Barlliolaiaew Yong 
Ot the Middit- Ti-uiuie, riMitlenan. At 
LoD^n, PriniHil bj' Erlin. ltolli&Dl,imp#Qsi« 
O. It,,' lfi&8, lo\. T1i'> dndicAlion to Lady 
Rich, dmwl'from lligb On^er inFjuvx tbci 
38of Novenib. Mm,' i* foHow-d by 'Tim 
IVafaCH to divnn InnrniK] (ivnlkmcn, and 
othur my lavin)! rricndca;' tbcae ooottun 



'Stair or Aa. 

I «ntiac tW 'Tm 

larTMM.* IibMb;iaiii|i?i-il 
bw UaaCtt ia •SkibMa'a Labcan' (L I 
S^SU[ Im wmd ttet "1 \\ II III *sei 
tU • Otaaa ' ti& ia Yomi^mSmcm « 
•ome etber iwm, aaa laainiany a. H af 
Yaaag-aptJat^JfriMliltiiVi. '^ 

rHanln'a C^oraa Tata. Brit. 3^ JLU. XS. 
^^^K. S i«.ISi Voof> Atk^ Obm. ai. 



BfiM. L Ml : AaM^a TyMv. Aatia. .d. BMhn. 

7: IlMSlfaHa>dbaak.p. «l(a»lw 
LitarMi*. L 



ii. ItlS. Ill 
•Bnavoio'): 
3X2. 3«Si Saifbtil 



IMS. 



'tV 




TOUKO, Sn CnARLBS OBOIIGE 

(179n-l8aB>.G«n«r )uBff-o(.«ima. ban m 
a April 1795. T>« tbr wa of Jinitban 

YooDf . a doctor of awdietaa who pflKliaid 
in lAiabrtb. 1I« waa odacatcd at CkilM^ 
boBM fcbooU wb«i« he waa a eofiicmpoivy 
of Thirlirall, Oroto, and the llanlodEa. 
In 1813 be cBtafcd tbaCotWe of Annial 
rau^ dra)[oa pnnniTani, and be ' 
noted to tb« pciit of Vorli bptald 
Two y«ara later he waa appointed 
r*Ei«rrar^p of ifae coUeirF, aa o0o« 
lalnur and rwponaibility, Tliii be i 
tipoD hu> a{ipoiDtia«Bt, on <S Aujr. 18U, i 
Oaricr priacipa] kiaMf^nna, in »iiiiiiiaiwi 
(o Sir Wiliiam Wooda. In coaformity wiib 
tbe diiibI ca*tom be wat kai|[ht«d bmh Ut 
appMBtmcnt (38 Aag.) Wbilo mill Yoric 
herald be waa employed u •ectviuT to tbe 
miiMons for inreitia^ tbe kinKi of Densadt. 
t'onucal, and France wilb tbe blue hbaud 
ofthc<;*ttrrinl8i3,IRi>3,and]ft£G^ lal 
capacity BiOortpr kintt bewaaanit ai jo 
commisuoner to inrut tbe kinitof ^lonvi 
1843,tbeaullan of Turkey in lS.V;,lhc l' 
of rartiKTtkl iu I8G8, ilie lunr of Denmark ii 
Xi^V,, KoA th0 king of the Belgians in ISOG. 
Ilti lut public vmpIoTm^nt waa that of 
joint-commiuiinnrr to Vienria m 1867 '* 
cuiifur the innlKuia of tiie Gart«r upon iba 
emperor of Austria. 

Young, wbo was elected F.S.A.on3t Match 
1622, ud WBi created D.CL. by the uni^v 



A 



Young 



36s 



Young 



siiT of Oxford on 38 June 1S54, died ut bis 
houw in Prince'* Ternwe, Tlyilo Psrii, on 
31 AuK.18d9. Hotnarri-idFrniicra^iianimaU, 
jroungMC dftushtitr of SiudiipJ I,ovir.l! (^p«r 
and widow of Fruderick Tjrrcil, bul kfl no 
iMue. Bj bis will (bis pilati: was sworn 
under tOfiOOL) lie appoinivd Iiis brotbur 
Henry, lurrisierHit-law, aiid bis uephev 
FHocis, rwidiiarj l«i|ist«es. 
- Yoiiiik'* cnnlnbiitions to bumldic litera- 
tntv, all of which wvto privnr.nly priiitud 
and nee in cons«quenco somtwhac sonrci*, 
inelud« ; I. ' Ciita,lo(;ue of Wcrln 011 tliti 
I'vera^ ... of England, .Scotlund, and It*/- 
Innd in ihp I.ibmrv of C. G. Youiig, York 
Herald." IHSB, Svo.' 2. • CalBln^iie of tlin 
Arundrl MSS. in thn I.ihrarr of iba Col- 
lojrn of Amu,' 18^, 8vo. 3. 'AnAncoiint 
of the Controver»y butwi-on Kctpnald, Lord 
Otvj of Rulbyn, and Hir Eilwnrd Ilasliiif^ 
in tlie Court of Cbivulrv in tbi? Itvi^u of 
Heary IV,' |J*J1, fol. 4. 'TbH Order of 
Prwwdence, with Aiiibnritie* nnd lii^mnrki,' 
ISSI, 8to. h. ' i'rivy Coiincillnni and thfir 
PmoidcnMii'lSOOiSvo. B, 'Tb.- Lorf I.Ipu- 
tmant and Hi([U Sheriff and tbcir IVmi- 
dencc,' l(MO,t<vo. 7. 'OrnnnixnlsuitdUifts 

Smeoratvd by ibe Rotnau Puniiirn: tli'i' 
>lden Rom, ttioCap and tlio .Sword,' l^iX), 
Stw. Ho i>hnw» that ihn roun wna pr-'ni-nii'd 
to llnnry VI, Mnry, nml Ilcnridta Mnrin, 
thn •B'oril to ICdwiird IV mid to Himrv VII, 
wbib Henry VlII was tlip n.'dpiont of bolh 
gifid on muTv uui^nsiuus than uni^. 

In October 1835 Younf^ drt^w u|> n lunniud 
ropOft upon tbe CTievancea of Ibr? baronet", 
in which bo setJi forrh in aonifi detftil their 
clninw to tlio titln if hniiourabln, lo Mip- 
poftcn, and to dnrk-grcrn npiinrrl, with 
fhumb^nir, SS collnr, and n wliita hat and 
plume. Tbia regKirt nns printed for privati^ 
citVubttioii, and from itn jmi.'r^s Ilisnii'li di?- 
rived the coloiirin;z| for bl» lii^'blv diivniuit 
portrait of Sir Vavnuciiii, wlifi dilotn* willi 
Hueli rloquonr-o npnn tbi> wrongii of bia order 
in 'Sybil' (181'), bk. ii. rbap. ii.) YoiinK 
was a frpquunt coniributor to 'NoIm and 
Querir*,' and aaeiattKl Bravbntoki- in bis tdi* 
(ion of Pepys. SoTpml k'tttra written by 
bim npon aniiijiiariati «iibj('i.'li<, for tile mo«I. 
|mrt to Ibn Mnniiiis GrimuMi of Hi'ii.ta, nrn 
m the Briiinh MiiMnm (Addit. MSS. »118$- 
S4180). 

ITini'a. 21 Anj;. IflM : Coon trs Rfgiitw and 
]I>ga»Dot)f Biognphv. ISGU: S'otonndQuerica. 
4lhsrr. IV. 3-iH: FnntRri AliimnI Oinii. ITIA- 
I8BB: Allitiinp's Dirt, of K'ikI Lit.; Mm of 
UiB Time, 7th «lil.: Brit. Mm. Cm ] T. S. 

YOUNO, CUAItLIiS .MAY.NK (17:7- 
ISse), eomtHlian, the «on of Tbotnax Yoiuif;, 
n suigeon of some vmineuce, by h\a wife 



Annn, wb« born in Fcncbtircli Street, Lon- 
don, on 10 Jnn. 1777. lli- »ppnl 1786 in 
CjpL-nhdHifn with bin fnthfr'R aiatrr MaTy, 
mnrried tijlVofesaorSIiitlL-r.a court pbT»i<;ia"n 
of Di^nuiark, and be acijuirvd tbe friendly 
patronage aubHequi-iill]' maiutained of thu 
royal fatnily of D<<iitnark. On hia netum be 
wax wnt to Klon, whprv hn mnained three 
vpari.and nftiirwards in 1791-2 toMtrrchant 
Taylor"'. Younsr'n father !» diTpicti-d a« n 
brutal und dobaui^hed tyrnni who tri-ntRd bin 
family with ^'rent cruelty, and nC Ipn|{th 
broti^bl. another wmaan into ib<> place of 
hiswiff. Tb<?eutir>'fnniilvlix>k refuge with 
a mnidi^n wilpr of Mr*. VouBK, by wboin 
thcr were r^an^d witli itoina dimciilt.y, 

I'linrlcs Mnyno Youn{( bvcame n rUrk in 1 
well-known city house, Loiijihnnn 5: t'a, 
Afttsr pUyinn at one or two >nuill theatrn 
a«an amateur he apnea rL>d under tbe nnnoi 
(Inyn at Liverpool in 1798 at Duugb 
ICinboldriind bymicrcoaihetookbiaowDiiainfl 
andarri'ptnl in MniiEhi>>trTan nngtigementt 
pliiy leo'linR bmiiiein. After arling in I.iver-' 
pool and I !Iu <(.■<> w he mudr hi* Iir<T nppunr- 
nnee In Ediiibtitvli on ^3 Jon. ISU'J ni l)nn> 
court in tbi.- " Bidli''s Stratagem,' lie planed 
during rb-'cnliri- v^'niou, and wustulieiiup by 
S<;ol.l,w^ho«i> frioniitbip hn rutained, and with 
whom ho mori' than onon slnjcd. I.ock- 
hnrt suTi ibnt Younawn* tin' fir»t nctnr of 
whom fwott saw iniioh. So early a» 1803 
8cott cnlla him bis friend. fCoturninff 10 
Licerpoot, Vonng: found as his leading; Indy 
Mi"? .Inlin Ann Oriiuani, a de«i;endBnt of 
thf famoin Vcnrtinn fainil}' of the name, 
whom hu miirrJMl at. Pi. Ann^'a Church, 
Liverpool, on !l .Man:h IWW. Miia rjrimani 
miide ber first nnpenrnncu an any ata^ at 
Bath on UI April IHIX) as Kupbmiia in thn 
■ Grucian riaui/lilnr.' After plavinf[ a season 
or two in Unlh, aim was at the riaymurket in 
ISaiand 1804. whnri- 1.I1C wan Mr-. Ilaller in 
tho 'Stranger.' Virginia in 'Paul nnd Vir- 

S'nin,' Miss Kic4ihiiid in tlin 'Ciuid-natured . 
an,' and Mirandiv in tbe ' Biwybody,' 
died of piiprpL'nil fover. nt llic n^piiird ago 1 
Iwi>uly-one, on 17 July ll*0(J. aftrr Rivinjf 
birth Iri n aon, Julian Cliarlpc. Sliu wa« 
buritid in Pri-ilwirh cbiirebrard. 

Young, who had bad aoine i^hare Dt 
iriuingemeni in MuiicbcsiliT nnd plwwhop 
after some ne^iM'tiutiuna with Colman, 1 
to Li.indun in l^ur and made, on 'J'2 Jiino 1 
tbe Ilayriinrki-I, hi^lirvl au|H-aroiice, plajins 
IlnmU'T, in which, ilioiigli he hud to stanu 
injnriou* cnrnparlaona wilIi K><inble, h« 
won apci-plaiici-. lie was alaoceen aa Octa- 
vion in the 'Slounlainwira,' Don I'clix in 
the • Wonder." tbe Slranjfcr, (Umond in tbm 
'Caatbi Spectrin,' Holapur, Frederick in thn 



b. 



Young 



3« 



Young 



* Poot GpfilletuKn,' PetruchM, GoDiLbert ia 
dw 'BstlU of Ucxhun,' Sif Edv-*rd Uor- 
liOMr in ihiF ■ Iron CImu,' Ilarrv Itoraian in 
tU ' lUiftd to Kain,* B«Mm« de' Stint Pierre 
in tlw ' S«rirftder oTCkkit,' IVtmxldoek in 
tWWbMlofFonufr.'uulRoltoin'Pium,' 
put* in vfad^ be had bad ooaolfj pttaietit 
and WM on )» Aug. tb* flm Fnnk Wood- 
land in T. Dtbdin'i unprinWd ' Enor* Ex- 
wpltd.' In the two (oUoorinff «k«m«> ba 
w>> Znnn in iba ' Hercn^.' Old Wilinol 
in * Fniaf CunOMljr,' Zorinilii in ■ jiiccr ao 
MUOfrd, Uukv in Tobin's ' llun^vmoon,' Ltoo 
in *BuI« a Wife aw] hare a WifV Falk- 
ktlwl in the * Riral*,' IhinDipl in ' Point o/ 
Iloivour,* and ,(!ear{t<- Ikrnvi'll ; and waa 
ibe ori^ont Sclico in Colman'i ' Atricn ' on 
39 Jul.T ISO*, and tbc Connt dc X'almunt in 
Dinond's 'Foundling of tbo Forml' on 
JuIt l^W. He bad in iho waaon ot 1^07- 
1^ and 1808-9 bmn at Baih apoMring aa 
Hamlet on 3 Oct. IW?, and plnvinf Leon, 
lUncnr, and Yonng Jlirabot in tne ' Incon- 
•tant.' 

Va 10 Xor, ISOe, ai the orisiiiil Ilarnn 
in Hpynulda'i ' EsiK'.' Iw bwh-bi^ for 
tbe Sni tiiui- a» a Bi«mW of tlie CoTcnt 
Oardm comjioiiy, ili«n, in eon«Hqaence of 
■be ilMtniflionof tlia llwilra hj lire, acting 
at tlip IlaTQinrkct (tpnn llnuae. With iho 
conpanr \i<\ roittrnlrd to the othir Uay- 
DnatHH lioiiH!, wbrrif Uc plajcd Dtbcllo, Itcu- 
ben (Jlifarov in 'Town and Connlrr,' Mac- 
beth, Bi-vi-rlrv-. Lurd Ton nly, and Freducick 
iu 'Lfitrr'* Vowii.' Ilig «n<ag«ment was 
to auiifort JoliR PbLlii> Kembb, and on occa- 
sion to rc^Inco him. All«r ihn opening 
of thn non- ihcntrn in Covrnt (inrdi-n and 
thn mppr<Tt!niMi iif thf 'U. F.'riot* he np- 
pnarcd a« Evonder iu Lli« ' Oriwinii DBu;[h- 
tcr,' and jiluyc^d Publiuti iu ibt? ' Ituumn 
Falhdr.' H»> wa* tbe first Abbot, of Corbey 
ia Reynolds'* " Vrtv Knight", nr thn Kdict 
of Churl '•mii^K-,' on 8 Faib. l!^IO,and niaypd 
JSr .fohn Itntli-H in 'All in thn li\rDnB,' 
and Im-in in ' Kvt-rv one hw hl« Fault,' In 
Hcynold.'* 'Jtridal Uinjc'on ItlUct. 1810 ho 
won the lirat Miirquis dv Viuci : and on 
'J^ Nov. iht» tint Liutiaviie Vnsa in Pimond'a 
playao nauivd, SirKodvrii^kDIin in Mnrloo'a 
'Koisht of Snowdonn' on .'i Ffb. l^^ll, and 
onSS Slarch I^rd du Mnilon- in IlnlmanV 
'Uamttw Kxtraardinar;.' lie was n\*a (Dm 
»» Kiiply and Ford. 

KcmMe'a pvrCormancL>n were uowr but {car, 
and Voung tH<uui<? a(;l'e[ltt^d 4is th*.- li-'sdiu;; 
Gngliah trsgediau, until his •iij>rt.-iuu''y was 
«lialleugi<d, fint by Krnn mnl 'iiliM^iii-ntly 
by Macreadv. Ke«n ilid not nppfinr ai. Ornry 
Lane until 1^14, and bffon' that i.imi> Young 
had o*tnbli>bcd himself at Covcnt GoxdeD. 




00. 




He was Oit ori^al B«nxowalnr ia a tt 
latiu-n nf Kotnbne's ' Kamtdcbaiki' 
16 Oct. 1811, Rolla in Ibnnolda's 
ot tbc Sun' no 31 Jan. 1812. AIn 
DuDond '• ' .FLtbiop ' on tt Oct., D 
ftFiMgaide) in Rcynolda'a 'llonrnde' 
ada|iU1>"U boa Diydcn^ on S Dec., 
Coont Vilbrs in Morton's 'Educatiaoi' 
Sr April IftlS. He bad also bnm *««b 
tachimo, l'iem>, Pnwpero, BirOB in 'lia- 
bi-lla,' Jaqnea^ Joaapb Surface. ConoIanQ 
Mark Aniany in 'Anlonv and Cl"i>i>fttr 
l!i«liard IU, Caaniu, Ligo, TUrford 
'Who wants a Quin-M?' and Moclwathi 
■ be ■ Beef's Open.' Hu bad bom 
OetoWr |H|;| in Bath. SubsxiumilT 
Covrnt (iardiin he waa t1i« tirat Fildur 
inj; in Mrt, ('. Koniblc> '.Smilea and Tne 
VJ Dec. It^lo ; Count St. Erannomt i? Fin 
montt in Shell's ' Adelaide, or the Emi' 
grant*,' 23 May ISIO: Lrontina in u 
alteralioo i>r_lhi< ' Humoroua UcotjnanL^j 
IS Jan. 1817: Ab-*n lluniiPt io Dinm^^H 
'ConijUMt of Taranio,' !■*> April; Ualao^^' 
Slirir* * Ao.nlnt«!,' .1 .Moy ; Duk« of Strof 
in Iteynoldi's po<'C(i no nani«d, 30 Seni-j 
Vanines in Diuoo's 'lU-lributKin,' 1 Jkd. 
I«H*: Montalio in SWir» *lto]lanii: 
ii April ; Colonna in Blieil's • Evadi 
lOFrb. 1819; Fredolfo in Mniurin'* 'F 
dolfo,' 12 May. lie had raeantimi- iidd< 
to bis mpi^lory many iinnonaiil iwitf. i. 
eluding Chamonl in i'h» ' Urpiian, Duke 
' Measun; forMeasurc,' Iloralxi in thn ■ K« 
Penitent," Inkls in ' IiihU nnd Ysrii 
Columbia, Falstaff, King John, Bntt 
HnRtinnin'Jano.SliOTe/aiydal Bnth 
l«er.' r"oronporlwoy<»rsfullowiag Yi 
was at llotb or eWwhrn- in tbe (yKintTT' 
Un 17 Oct. ISL'l!, w Hamlix, bo nMde 
Brel BPiH.-Brnncc ot I>ruiy Ijmn, 
dirided ' the lend ' with" Kran, 

Sinrted hiin in tagu aitd Cljtn*. 
allowing teaaoD li« waa back at ' 
(latden, wbeni li« played Sir Peitinsx Mi 
■reophiuii, Cato, waa tba first Connt d* 
I rocida in ' Vuipen of Pnlcnnn ' on 1'2 Dx, 
1833, was FdstN in a rnviral of 
Woman nvvvr ^'esed,' and waa (ha 
OMorio in < Ita\-euiM,' iTaaalatrd 
Schiller, on 3 Dm. 18iM. In the firing 
1838, supportml by VandenbolT. be pUrri 
no engaeonipnt iu Kdinbiirgh, which city li« 
revisited in 1^30 and ltf3], makvn?' h: 
Isat appeamncii tlurro on 9 .\pril 1 
Ouco mure at Covunt Gardrn in 1438, 
waa tJi<- lint Uoge in Misa Mitfoi 
' Foacari'on 4 Xov. He was tfai- nrigi 
Vl.i'limirin Talbot's 'S-.-rf 'on WJnn. I; 
On 1 Oct. I8S8lwr«ajpp«aredBtl>rurT 1 
in Hainlct, platvd iUacb«th, and was on 




Dk 





Voung 



367 



Young 



9 Oct. tbe origioil Itienii in lliis Mltford'c 
•Kianli,' on 13 J»i. ISJll ilic fine Cn*- 
Walton in \^'Blfc<.■r'■ ' Can wn II on,' and on 
21 Feb. tlio firat Pen-r ilm lirent in lliu 
piece to named. H« ptsved Lord Townly 
Biul Vir^iuruB, Bud waa tb« fint Subriui 
FUviiM in LislHr's 'Epicarui' ou 14 Oct. 
Ib «paie of i«inpiiBg oflvrt fr<.>ni AnicricK, he 
dctvniainci] wliilo Kill ^aiilhfiil to rclirn 
frott (lii^ *taae. IIU fiuriri'll look plncu 
on 31 Jan. 153^ am llamlcl. MacriNidv 
ptsvvd ihfUboit.audlbe e\iivt Mot.liewn for 
tbat uccaiiiou uuIt Pulouius. Tbv ri^i'L'ipti 
were CiSl. '». <W. Young made a Apvecli 
decUrini! tliat bif> KoiiMib [i<t quilling ilie 
•tAgv wvro ibnt bn Mt bie fln-njitn di>> 
clining and winbrd I'l he. rcmrmbi'ivd at bin 
bnd. After bin nrtirpmi'm hn lirnl iirin- 
cipalljr in Bri^rbtou, wbi-rc bo dim! on 
SWJuiw It^U. )K- wiis buried in tb-i'hurcb- 
T«idat SoiitIi«'ick<')r«vii,ni.'Hr]tri^!ilou<BeH 
i''liznALi., Tkirtt/'/iif J'tiiri i>f a Itniuititie 
AvtAor't Lift. ii.';t.t::?). lln IvCt on<> non.lho 
IIsT.Juliiui('hnr1niVoun{(,whon-rntobislifi!. 
Young WAS fond i>f buntias, anil hnd morn 
ihau one acculcnt in connrctiou nilh it. 
H« led a DaniF'li.-eB lifu and vna muob Tv- 
8p«C(«>3< No tbeHtrii.'al Muriiii arp current 
eonntrning bint. IT^ wn^ nbniit flvn fci^t 
Mvcn incltnt in lifigbl. nyti* nnd romplninn 
dork, iliRhtlr inclinrd lo porpiildncv. [In 
bad an admirable vuici', nnd tvvna to huvn 
bad a good pn^wncr. Miicivndjr wrote wllh 
aome emotion im bt^arinn'orbia dr?dlb,aud^aid 
that lie and Yoiiug disliked but rMpectt'd 
cacli othrT. 

YooDgWM pi>Tbn|H tbe most din! ingntiilipd 
member of tlic Ki'inblc Mhonl. Ilobndto 
undeigu forniidnbli^ compnrl.-Kinn 'nitb Ki'ni- 

Ue Bnl, tben wilb Ki-an and Mni^rrady, birld 
Us place cnrdilnVily, and liud a Hinall world 
wbieb believed btm ajperior lo all ccimpe- 
titonL Ilcfore Iw ciuua to London he gave 
prcnnJM in eomiily, ntid won favonnhlo 
optnioni aa Job Tbombi-rry in 'Jolin Bull ' 
niid Quldtincb in ' i(ood to Hnin." Thn 
ooiaic parts in wbicb be wna accepted in 
LonjloD were Sir Pertinax Mavvyrophant, 
and Slegrim In 'Blue DvviU.' Ili« biMt 

Eut«, boiTRvrT, itiv said lo bave lieen Ilam- 
it. (Wtvinli, Jlocti.'th, i*nisper«, Cawiiis, 
MidDaraii iutbc'Kiili-.' Sirs. I'iozti tpenkn 
at bis Lear nHWling ber nlmoBl to byirlif. 
tie*. In aeioral of ibi-w pan* Voungwaa 
openlj charged wiTbimitaliisi^Kiimbli;. llu 
WB* s KOod dual leM svir-cuudi.'iutis thuu 
JoIin liiilip Knnjble, and b-> had doI. ibe 
Hilf-content which chjimcierie>?d tbc Kemble 
family. 

Jlaxlitt (pculiii difpnmgingljr of Young a* 
in geoetsl a rvipectnbie actor, who Kldom 



p'atiSeA and t«ldoiii ofTends. Uf bis Jo 
I Snrfnen hn kiJh, ' N-'ivof wan ilinr« a 
, prcpouteiuinf; hypno-iiu. Hr. Younif tnde 
I puti on a liiDft, dimigri'cabK', whining fai 
I tut be doe* not bide ibe accouiiilisb 

pliiu«i1i1e villain behind it.' Lt^I^-h IluQt| 
■ condewos him for being babllually itieorrecf ' 
I in hi» uord*, except iu ITamlct, which he ia 
\ Mtid to havn playful with 'dvcnt' nccumcrj.! 

!l<i had a tan ol mrlodioui chontinfC in d«>l 

livtry. Hunt adds: 'In n port of niournfulJ 

beauty bu is perfwtly delicious — llii; verf] 
pcnoiiHU-uliun uf a nit^Iodiuuii nigb. Agaial 
m a proud soldierly character or nn indig-j 

' naul patriot, where tbore is n firtn piirpofO,' 
hi< plaj« in a firry *nirit entirely hia own, 
.\nd in apiecr whcrpttifidprlnaiiitionuboiind* 

I in inrngn of pomp and luxury lu.> diiiplays 

j u rii'b oriental inunnor wbicb no onu can 
rival.' Krtin bean wilutva: 'Mr ia aaj 

' actor i and Ibuiigh I llHttt'r tuyeelf be could] 
not net Otliello m I do, yel nliiti chanc«J 
ohonld I have in Ingo aDer him, wiib higj 

pcrnoiiol ndTonlnnwi and bin d- i raiwical 

voici! .' I don't bi'lieTP ho could play JuUicr 
na well as 1 can ; but fancy luo in I'ierro 
after biuil I tell you wbut ; Yuuii^* la nolj 
only an actor Kiich 86 I did not dr^ain bim to^ 
bavebivn, hut ho is sgenTl^-man.' Tho ' Xew 
Monthly M agar iiifl," l&^L', •ay»:'Thnro ar* 
charnt^ii^r* in which ho is iiiirivnlli^d nnd 
almoil perfect ; bis I'tcrni, if not so lofty, ■> 
more natiinil and more soldierly ewu thaiLJ 
Keinble's : bi» CbanionI is full rif brotherly [ 
pride, noble impetuosity, and beriicfcoruM 
and h'm Jaquea is ' tnoal muoicnl, 010^ 
Ri'^lanrholy,* atlnncd to tho very ti-mpcra' 
mcnt of tho gpntle wood-walka among 
which ho muiies.' Ports of t<^ly pbilnn- 
tbropiala and ecceulrio buinuurists with & 
rein of kiudnesd arc tiatd Iu have been 
aa vivid in bl» lianda as in ibueo of Terry, 
while he lent theio at timrs a dngreo of 
iwHnemcnt anil n tinge of poellcnl and 
roninnlie colouring of which Trrrv woa 
incapable. Itob.-ion, tbeuldplingoer. JpclarM. 
tlial Young wiLs ratbir a bne deetaimesl 
thuu a line actor. He bad nuiny aJtnlrefAl 
and friends on the Frendi stage, amougi 
whom may be ronnii»d Tftluia. 

Vonng's ponrnif , coloured, ns tho Stranger, 
by M. \\. fyinrji, nccumjiiinii-i hi* life in 
lerry'a' Brilish'rbeHirieallifiiU'nr." A por- 
trait aa King John, by Sir E'ln in Landseer, 
two Jikeneases by Oeor|;;e Harluive, >ud a 

Picture as Hamlei b;^ De Wilde are in itia 
-lathews collection in the (iorricV Clut 
Tbe Ilarlown and Lnnd*p<T portrailii w«p|l| 
engrnvrd by Jeena for tbo'I.ifo'of 1871 
which also contaiJia two excellent drawiitj) 
by 3. C. Young. 



k 



^"oung^ 





Tocsra, Einrjuai (w»-i7Kt, fmm. 




bd 



EM NcwMct, ttn m OTM- 




to WHii. Ml 3farr, 
■tof Fm" "-^ 

Tiiiili IlMMHTtidnJaMb** 

•d«fc of tte dMt* to Ptnacw (ilUx- 
Qmm> Asm, nd tWt ^> «to fod. 
lo Ui MB. Be £ad n 1706 b kit 
nctr-tUri jtmt. Tk •■■'• OMW M «■ the 
ntf far WiwAnMr ia A«fHt IBM 
■!• ■(« it lUwd M Ml ymn), tai 
aiujn«d ■ idohr ia lOBS, H* 
AM rcTT ^wlf in tk Khod, aad. tboa^ 
in 1703^ WM oo IIm elactM* idU far New 
CoDcpt, bn WM inncnBanaled 
VKuu? occorred. ba 3 Uct. 
■MtrieoUted u » go»wowar at New Cot- 
lasc (lu> an it Uun laid to b* luMitwn);, 
wfapnc lie liTcd Jn Uw lodm of Ui* wudtn. 
a birni ot his htkar. *»« vtrdaa driof 
in the tuae jvar, b« «il«i«d Ootpui Cofkga 
aa a raitlMsan cmamoaer, tlw r i p wif a 
baiagt It it taid, lata tbm than U anj Mbar 
eolbga. Ia 1708 ArebbiibapTeiuiaa. i^oii 
wftoia tbc riHht of appoiatiaant had it- 
volrcd, Botniiuli^d bjm lo a law faUow- 
ahip at Ail SouU' out of neptct (or hit 

■0 far owkI laont to bii falLer ■ merit* iban 
to anj of bit own. Pope aftcrwardii told 
Wartmrtoo tbat \'oaag bad more ipriiiiu 
than etmaon tetuv, and bail cuntcjueiiilr 
pattad 'a foolith youtb, Ibe »potT of ^n 
and poott ' (ItCFFilEAli, fbpe, p. itW a.) 



BKB ate relate,' eaja CroA, 
[ aa tiaa 6mt' vae'aot tbe 
ta 'nfifiaa and wocalttj which 

mt: At Oxfaii ba aiywd 

wkfc tfe dctia Tiadal [••* nadar Tixa^^ 

?: Kizmw-; YMHcraaQatadaaRaivM 

^ S A|Bll71laadIliaL.aalOJaaal7liP 

Ba waa MMaafcili trfiaa to roth hit «■ j 

Om of ha uoaeat Criaadt aat 

TlahaU [•1.T.3, who ia 1710 bacaaK 

arQaaaaa CoUaga^ Oxford, and 

aficrwarda oaa of Addimo't 

' Yammg waa admitted 10 tb« 

cictlea. Hia fine poblintioa 

■a'^Mtla' to Oaotgv tinDriUr.loid 

[^ tA tMeatlj rvued lo the 

we of^tha (aaouB twelve tap- 

of Iha faace. Yoong prattM 1am- 

aa a aenMd Shakotpaai*, aad oiore 

aa s aalleagaa of Boli^xob*. n» 

m tha laaae Boen Swift'a cUon, 

HaniMm (IWIS-KIS) [q. r.l. tbe 

*jiBRatr «f hii KHil.* n*inton wat aita a 

Wia^iatcr aad Nvw CoUo^ man 

Y«Ha tantlcd, fonlwlilT from OifQ.-<l, 

aea Ua a« Ua death4>ed (U F<-b.iri:^'l 

Ihoa^ Vaaag wat oouittaa tori**, h* 

aa fa w dl y tma with the imijtt. He* 

aaa of th* poaoM Mfiad to Ad d isun'i ' C«ia.' 

a^iatk'GiMnliaa'(fiMaj- i:i»i SmW 

qaoted aeaa ttnaa from bit • l.,a«t Day ' at a 

laaaaMsiftpoenahoatioappnu-. InrvipaV 

fithed(Ueeaae dated 19 May 1714) at Oi 

with a dadfeatloa ta Ibe qoecn. In 1714 

alao pafclithed the ' Fottw of Itcliipon,' 

pc ta a (opoa thaaMOiiion of Idrdj JaaaC 

aad iMr faathaad), with a dedwaiioo to 

Ooaaloai of SaUabuij : aad an efwlla 

Addiaoa upon the death of tba quaan, w 

aa aideat wdoone to her aaeeactDr. Vounjt 

i H| ipia a» t d thia eptule and Tanoot dediu- 

before a 1 tkna ia hia own <dilioa of hia poeBi : ani 

17CS he we mar hope that ho wu a little a»haau<) 

of hanas baitownl bit incaaae ao beelf. 

Ueoawhib be had fonacd ooaaMlMat, th* 

biatoiT' of which it oaljr to be coajectoMd 

Item aoiae praeeadinca be^bm l»rd-cbaB> 

C*Uarnanlwicheinlf40(J.T.AnETn,iI#- 

ftrti.lTM.ii. 159,eaaalad). TbeoaMttea 

then aroae wfaathar oartain bonda at Phifo 

nniartaa, dnka of Wteftoa [q. v.}, heM I9 

young, bad been ipreB for l«nl 1 laiiJilMa 

Itona. AuanDuiivof lOtV. hadbaoacnBtad 

hj WhartiMi tu VouH on S4 Uaiu I719t 

on thoproimd tliatin wlutrtonaopiiuwthe 

public Mod wa« edianeed by ' the aneoonB- 

mcntof Wminji and tli<i polity artt.' Tnit 

havcnrr, had not bt^Mi petd. and, by way of 

iliBCharxing tlic debt, Wharlon gnnted tii> 

other nimuity of lOCW. on 10 July 172^ 

Young BwoRtliat, npon Wharton's jimmiiM 





«f invferTDent. Ite had nfuMd an olFcr of « 
lifu iiiauitv of lOtW, ofl*r»d bv lx>ril Ext-ter 
on eondidoo c>f liis ctiulinumg to Ih.> tutor 
to Lord BarghlsT. There wnn alsu a bond 
for (KKW. from U'lmrton, iJatvil 12 Msrcli 
17l!l, in coniidcrntloii of Voiing'a oxpoaMs 
IB vUnitbg for tin- IIuuh' nf Cnmmonii (*t. 
CEraneestprj.aud refuBitistotnkn twolivinK" 
worth 200/. •nd 400/. a viikr in lli» eil't of 
All SnuU' Coll«^. Nolliiii^ mom ii knoimi 
«f 111* F^Plrr tntnnihip, Tb« cbanci-ltor 
dcciiJod in fitvour of Yniin^'i rUim for iW 
■nnuittcf, and ajpiinit tlie claim fi>r KXil. 
The ttinuectiom with Wlmrton ininl hnvn 
twKuu kbuut 1T]'>. It was tIirou)[U Younii'i 
inOuenM tbat WbariMi gtte a ■utNcriptiun 
of ov«r 1,000/. TO tli>- uew buildinga at All 
SoaU'. Yaukk in 17 10 pronouncM a Latin 
ormiion apon tlic laying of Um Snt »tan» of 
tlw ItbrniT. Youne bUo aocnmpnnind Wbar- 
tOB to Dublin in (nu beginning of 1717. and 
lfa«Te uw •ometfainguf iiuil'l. Un7 March 
171^19 Young's plajr of 'Busiria' waa 
|)raducpd at Dmrir Lan». fl had a run of 
oIrd aiiiht*, mid vras ridiculed by Fiulding, 
Among nthcT triitccdic* of thn timi', in * Tom 
TkuQib.' On 18 April 17l'1 llic ' Upvpngi?,' 
wbicli rau fiiir only six aii^lita, irua nelod nt 
tbe Mice theatre. Thu |ilny. a luriutiun 
Upon the theme of 'OTliellu/'aft-Twardii hud 
k lo«|[ pnmilaritT on ibe ftla^. The clia- 
ncter of 7,aasx, Yomig'f Tngn, gave oppor- 
lunilv for I'lit'ctirc rani ; alihoutrb Yoiinit''' 
mitluiv ufbcimbaiil and cpittmnmatic nnti- 
lliMia i> npl t" strike the inodirnt rffidur nn 
it Mriick Vi'*ldinp. It vr&a dnli(-ali.-d to 
Whnrton, with a »talemeiil l.bal Wharlon 
•uinr'^ti^d thn ' nio*t beaiiiifnl incident,' 
whaicvi-r that may be, in thn liUy. Whw- 
ton's driiarturu from Kafflaiurat the end of 
im pill Hu end 10 anr kop«* of •dTtiiitap 
from thi* quMtionablu patronaflu. Another 
ffifl. howeivr, i« Dientiune<I. In I72r) 
Voos^ bcKan tlie niiMirntion of a series of 
mlirw called 'The ['niivrMil rnMion/finiilly 
«oll«et«d in 1721^. According to Spenr?, 
WlurtOB niMle him a iirnwnt of 2J0fxil. for 
Om poem, and defvndt^d bimsi'irtorrii^ndii br 
«>jing thfll it wu« north I.UOU/. Crull toki^i 
iWii AH an adnpi-iiinii of (lie sayiiifr allri- 
biilcnl to Ifortl Ifiirglii"_v wb-ii rvmr.iiBl rating 

tiritb IJiiw-n Kiijaibrth nhoiil Sppii*>tr'« pnii- 
•ioti— 'All lliisfor a noiig!' Crnfl himiclf 
•Merta, what mwin* to be improbabU-, thai 
Young made S,0(X)/. bv hi* wiljn;*, which 
compaDMted hicu fur a * considerable lum ' 
pn-Tioualy 'sw»llow«i) up in the South 8e«.' 
Vounfc'a nan told Johnton that the money 
loat vaa that taadi> by the Ealin<i, which in- 
Torta the dati-i. Tho latirpi, though very 
I inferior to l'ope'», ahowcd Young to b<: 
vou ism. 



Pope's nearest riiral, and w*rc cifl«B coo* 
par«j fHvuurably with (he work of tli« 
gtwatrr writer. They iinplv that Young h*d 
hopas in ■ fni«h quarter, Tlie third (1T28) 
is dedicated to Hiibh Dodingion. with whom 
Young woa rrry Inliniate, and who was 
about this lime coming into oilici\ to )>« a 
rari^ inalant'e. as Young hams, of *r««l 
worlli ' gaining- its price. Douingtoo, bom 
in loni, cannot bati- bt>un. as Homo layn. a 
'fellow ntudent' Hi Onfonl, if Jadei-d he was 
at Uxford at nil. In any cima Ii« wm a 




k 



and Thomson in hia ' .\ul.umn,' both •peuc 
of Youngs viails to Dodingtou at Eoatbury. 
It WB» Ht I)n<1in^nn's bouse at Eastbury 
ibni Young rorri \'iiltaire, and made thu 
oflen -quoted epigram : 
Thou iirt to witiy. prollignl*, and thin. 
At uneu we thiiik tlii^e Hitltm. Death, and Sin. 

Thela«I lalire of the ' Universal I'nation ' in 
dedicated lo Sir Ttobeit Watpole, to whom 
he had alreadjr addrmted a poem colled 'The 
InMnlment ' ( i.i>. in the ord*r of the Oarlur, 
172Et). Wnlpolc i* thrr«i complinienteil on 
hnving turned Ihu royal bounty toward* 
Young. Voiinfi r«*ivwl (W Juno 172^; neo 
the Kfant published by IIoban, p. xxxvii) a 
pi'usiifu of ^Xl^ a year. It. dws not appear 
wbL'lb"r tbi« wft» a reward for auy particular 
sorvicx, though it la sugKO^cd thai he may 
have boen a wrilor for thn goveniinent. 
Swift in the ' Ithapoody on I'ootrjr' (I7M) 
lays that Young 

Miwl lj>[(iir» bis iiirtntlon 

To Qiittvr knavn or )om hii pennioa. 

Swift had previouclj ridiculed Young's flat- 
lery of Wolpolo and Sir Spencer Coinpttiu 
in ' Vfrmi'ji written upon rfnuting th* " t'ui- 
TfTinl j'aulon,"' though in hi* lelt^-r* ho 
occonionnllr locniiona Young nrjoect fully. 

Youuj- was prompted by the nr«l paflin- 
meniary npecch of GL-orpe'lI (S7 JaiL 1727- 
17:^H)Tu produce an ode called ' Ocean,' to 
which wn* pn>iixrid an * Essay upon Lyric 
I'oelrv.' TfiP ewny is commonplace atid (he 
oile detightfully abnurd. He aftcrwarda 
(inned once or twice in the aaine wot. About 
tbii lime Young apparently decided that lua 
moat urumisiug career would be in the tiue 
of eccWiaslieal prefertnenl. He tookordera 
at an uncprtsin datn, and in April 1728 waa 
appointed chaplain lo the king, lluffbead 
dnclarea that upon bia ordination be ' a«ked 
Pope lo direct liim in his Ihinilogical Mudiea.' 
I "ope rec'iuiinended Aquinas. Young ro> 
tired to study his aulhor 'at an obe«um 
place in the 'anburbs.' I'of>e tought him 

s B 




I 



out fix montb* lalvr, anil wu iiut la 
liioe lu protvQt no irrvlriftralilo *JicT■ngI^- 
nMnil.' Tl>« Mor?, iaid to bo (old^ bv I'ogD 
10 ^^'«rt•llrton, l« imbibl; (oomi iolw coK- 
*erU»] inio ■ ttAtcncnt of fact. ^ lynn;; ir\a 
■IraadvknoiniUyPaMiiilbetiiiioofquirrul 
iritL'nelwU aail Adiliaon (1713>. 'Trwc 
YowiK ' i« nwUoBed IiT^Ov U Mia of ui» 
fnendt wbo welooiae r<^a 'mturn frona 
Troy.* He oflon nfm to Popa wilk gnat 




tlw ' Duneiad.' 

Ad iuii]st«d 1«tler from Young to iln. 
Howftrd (won afUrwanl* Lailv RufToU:), 
flrat publi*h«d in liie 'Suflblk I^irn' (i. 
38i-7), and conjpctumily dnied 17lT, w»« 
probably writlun in 1730. An inciiWnUt 
lelvtvaco tu Tuwnglii^iid ta Mill in office 
nhovitluitiicfluiiot TiAvobevDlalur. Yoonf. 
liow«vnr, u}'« that ho uMnmwl of fifiT,* 
tliot Iw lins boon mvod ^cjir* in liis majcttr'ii 
Bonicc, and that li« ia iiill witliout prefer- 
ment. IIl- tayri t.hitt )ii! Iiu in Bumu way 
Rivun up W.IJ. u year in cunsi'qn-nci! of hia 
ux{iiM.*lalioiis of rojul favour. LellvrH lU 
tUe X^wi'Bsile pHpom, now in (lie Itriiiali 
]Uiisenoi, thow ibar. In; wna ulill cninplninint; 
bitterly to thi> Duke of Ncwciutii- in 1746 
and n« laic an I'^j^. He nay* Ihat be i* tJm 
only person who, bsviiij; been in llic ting"!! 
•iTvice Iwfuri! bin necesBi'in to tbe l1ir<'jn«', bail 
yet receivFil notbiiig. It dops ii'.it n{i|K-ar 

■ nlint bi^ «[it<('iut «pri'ice» hod bo«ti, lluiugb 
in IT-IG bi> unyt ihnf. ihny bn^an lw(inlT-foiir 
jfani previously, and vridenlly connidcrti 
i.liat tlier dowrnd at lenit a di'uncry. In 
July IT30 hd w«« jirMpnlt-d by All Sonln' to 
tlio rcirlnrv of TVelwyn in llcrtfcinUbire, 
worth SOOV. It vi-'ur. Mil :.'( Miiy 1731 lie 
married liiidy Klimlietb hi*, ilaiiifhli-r <.<{ 
Ouorgu Henry l/ws, »i>riind esrl nf l.iebfl«il<1 
[aeounilerl.i:r;,<]ni)ii(ii:Hi:.viiY,thinl Kahi.J, 
and widow of I Colonel t^n. Yound, Dccord- 
ia^io (■ojft.wim known tci ihit ludy Ibmnah 
liPt rnluiiaiiihii' tn Anne Whiirlon, ftnt wife 
of ibn rtder \\liuitun, wliu litui bt-tMi a friend 
of liii fotber. the deun. To tlie ssniv fneud- 
xbiii in uMTibcd, but i>it vnpue ponjncturi-, 
Young'u connection with iho Diikg of Whar- 
ton. 

For soma ytAin Yoiinft puhliiib''d nothinft 
except another nbiurd ode in 1731, culled 
' The Foreion Addreva,' mid vrrittt-n * in ihe 
chamotor nf n oMilor.' Hh had ont! cliild by 
bia wil«,ciiUod FredHric.kiifl>'rhi«|fodlatW, 
the Prince of Wahw. Ijidy Klixnbetb had a 
dancliler br Ltr Torini-r buabnnd, moi^ittd 
to Htnrr Teaiplp. «on of Iltnry Tcmplo 
^L (1673/*'l 7ii~), Snt vincount PaInianitcai[i[.r.J 






Mn. Ten|il« diad of cutuumption at Lromi 
in Uetobar 1736 0nli»r way to Nice ; Voun 
h*d accompanMd brt, and jawril tba wniltf' 
at Nko. Tttnpfe died o«i 18 Aug. 1740ia^ 
Lady EltxabHb in JaBiiarrI74I. Baftnw* 
in tV ' Night Tboogbta' tu tbna daaHw 
hamvoinK ' crv thrive yon moon Iiail filbd 
bar Vara* t» apparmtlr' apoetioal aUmnoM 
tot h aa p nu rf oTta pen. Urs-TraaplaUmppoKd 
t« bo Naman, whiU {"hilandrr in ibe t»me 
poem irpraont4 Temple. A nlory aflfrwi ul t 
becanie cormic Ihat ' .N'arcim ' bad ji«d at 
UoDtjiellier, irbrn.' hrr rnafe irniipoinl«daut 
in a )ratdi>D. Youi^ in the'Nif(btTboD|bls* 
('TLini Night') dv«L-rib>M > surrepiitiow 
bnrial made nec«fi»ary by tbc- dupostitiou* 
mfatal of a grave to a heretic. Mra. Xauitk 
\» proTcd by mords to haro bacH renlaily 
Imned in tbo pmicstant ground at 1^T*b^ 
It baa tlierdi>Te beea nrgncd that fnam 
may Iiata had a daughter, who may 1ut« 
diM at Uanl[wlUer iu 1711. and may haraj 
been Iwried ik t&e Bamxr deacribcd. h 
if, cnaier to «nppoM that be was tahine ■• 
poctio lioraac (wo .Vt>f<u ami Qw/wf, 1^] 
KT. voU. iii. iv. and v.; in 4th 8«r. tia. 
4M-S it a refrrpnce to varioti* pnntplilaUMi 
tlu» aubject. The dncunientu tn rapid to 
Mr«, Tccnple'a ilMlh and b»r epitaph are given 
in Dheoiiot nr Lm-V ?>ovt*aut MHa^n, 
&c, 18^-31, |i|i. atS-H). Judidotu ciitica 
haro aUo pointod <mt Uwt iba tnUd 
I/>rraM in tho Mme poom could nol ba 
meant for the po«t'a own hid, inannncb ■■ 
the aon wan only eight yrsr* old at th^^ 
liuio ofpublicaiiou. ' The Complaint; o^H 
Xighl Tlioughis OB Life, Pealb, and lm>^ 
morialitr,' sppaartd in June tT-li, and via 
fDltow*d 1^ the laiar ■ Ntgfata.' The'Ni;^ 
ThoughtB acbicTod imawdiatp popnlanly, 
nnd Young wat now regardad aa an ona- 
aient to i«ligiaa and literature. Ho natrr 
obtained, honvTer, llur pr>^li:nne(it to whkb 
he thought himaelf eniiilnl. Apnamiily 
his hope*, like tJiOM- of hia friaad Uodiag- 
lon, depended pnaJnly upon lh« Ptinee of 
Wa1f.>, irho iraa never ablr to reward hi* 
adberenti. A> Youngaaid chanctariatkaSy 
in tho ' Fourth Jtigbt : ' 

My T,'ry mi»\n knnva ne o»t : ^ 

Vrc been n long mnembered. I'm fbrgot. B 

He bad, honivvef, btoooM rich and M a 
dignified life of retirement at Welwyn. He 
was a friiind of the lluka of PoriUnd, «id 
occMionnlly riaited Tunbridg(< Vi'ellt uA 
Ruth. Mra. (f':iitabi'[h>Moatacii deacriW 
him at Tunbridge WelU in 1745, wbrnhe 
received lier llualt^;e aOably and made 
litlle ucutsioiu with her. hhe «■• «ur- 
priiK>d to &nd tlial hia ciiiuf^ nlimale «>> 



Colley Cibtwr. \ rotnmim fneaA arYoiinj; 
Mul Cibhcr wns Snmiipl Itithudton, wlio 
cirmiponddd witli him from 1744 to IT.Iil. 
A * ('(iTniliiie ' wntionod in tbnr Iptti^n 
yna mpptwnilv SIihi (cnlkd Mn.'i Hnllam, 
d4tiiKlit«r of bmiipl Hollows, ruelor o( All 
Hallow*, HntfonlshJK. Hm' fntlit^T dird 
ia 1741, wli(in Yoon^ wtuip aii vpitapb 

S' Med in Ih«cliiinw1of thocliiircli rNlCHoiJ', 
i. A'ifl. it. fiOl 1. The dniiiihicr h*rntBi» 
Younx'a hoiuckiH^r, nnd, ii» hi« fri<Ti()« 
thoaffht, CUD* to luive lie. gtcnt powi-r in 
tlw familv- Young and h» lioustkci^lirr 
wrra caricalUNd in s rubtiinby novA callt'd 
•TbeCord *by JnhnKidgtll ((.v.; InlTM 
Yoann bwit^ht, ont: ihe Inf^y of 'Tlis' 
BrottirTP,' writtm mnnr ytan Mon, Hn<1 
aapprcMed wlii-n he took ordi-m nnd thonght 
thilpbr-writinitwiutiot consUtcnt wiihlii* 
nw profeBunn, He now uroimscd to ^ve 
tb^ptoHlRto tbo Socii'tT for t!ic I'ropiifn- 
tMMi of tlie no»pi>l. It was plajvd at 
Drnrr l^no on 8 March 170S,aiidTan viglit 
nif[hl>, bnt jirodiirfd onlv 400/. Yoimir, ■ 
who luid anlicipnt'-d 1,000/,, lihnrntlypnid ■ 
tbt! full »um to tliL- foeirty f UlciulttBos, 
Obrrerpomtenrf, vi. 'Jlli). Hit nflfnvnrdu 
■wrot* ' Tbi> Ceritmir nol FabuluiiD ' (1751), 
a hind nf 'Nii/lit Tliouglil ' In ^rose; and 
■ lrtti>f (to Iticlinrdifin) upon 'Original Cobi- 
pmition ' <]TA1» wbirh ihow* n>ninrlinh1" 
TiracitT for n man of ncnrly pijtbty. This 
booh was luuoli admired bv Kliipiriorli and 
bit friend^ who wi<n* b^jriunin^ to aim at 
originalitv fwe Gebtisfs, Omrliwhtt 'ler 
StHttehtn Uiehtmui, IfloS, iv. KlfiS. Arcli- 
bubop Sccknr, in n IflHor of July IT'W 
(firinla) by Croft), wond<>ri. thnt Young had 
Mcdved no prpliTniPiil ; bul points out 
to liim tliat bin furtuni.- uiid ri>piitaiion 
pul him above thf? ni'Vd of it, aiidJndic:ioni>1y 
■nfen tbat he is trw ivi^e in ievX contpm 
for •HRb tbint^. In 17*11 be was appointed 
• clerk of t!in p-Insf-t ' to the princMa 
davajcnr in lurrrMion In Slfipbcm Hale* 
fq> v.] In (JcfoliiT 1761 liii old friend 
rndiilgUHi^Lurd Mt^Ioombv), whonliohndnt 
laM got his reward by ti mM.-ni|^. ii-nt him 
■D <^ full of most eiliryiiLft ivntimeuH. 
Tn 1762 Mrs. Rosea w«n,'wl]'> bad found 
eonaolation for thp low of h*<r liiisband. 
Admiral Edward lioscnwrn (1711-17(51) 
[q. v.], in bur p«riiKiI nf ' Night Thoughts." 
was lutriiduced bv Mni. Montagu to thn 
autbiir. Hi^ ii'l lu in iKtcivd farther croimolnt ion 
in nenonand by bisloiit piibtjcatinii, npouin 
calW 'licsignniion.' Itslmws tliedtcnv of 
biapowf-r. Voung'» ln*t v^hp* were iu«<lnn- 
elMly. He wn.i nt^-cr cfionrfiil, ns his son 
told Johnson, after l.hp drnib of his wife. 
Uvtaila of hja growing inRnnity ant giT«R 



^ 



in tlie rormpondenoe u'iih Ftirdi of hi* 
Inst cunto, John Jonns (1 700-1770) 'jy. v.] 
Jnnm wns pitniindpd to sloy on with him, 

tlionah complnininK n good di-n! of the old 
mati'a inilabitily nnd ihi^ intluMiPc of Mrs, 
Hallows. Yituiifi;'H only tii)ri bad \xv\\ edu- 
cated at Wiricbi«iiI*T, aud was uflerwanU 
«l nnlljcil. wherw hi- *,.-enis lo have pot int« 
troiiM" { Aioiir. Itrit.') Voiin|; had rqfuw) 
to •ei> him for innnr yrnrs. In Young'A 
Inst iIlni-«,boivpv<T, -Mn. 11 nllott* properly 
sent for llip joii. The falhcr «*ni tbrnt'w ill 
to nee him. bul sent a mmta^'e'tf forj^ivi-neiB, 
and left to bim llie bulk of bit ntMoerty, 
Young difd rtti April 17tW. lie left a 
■•«acy of l,(X)0/. to Mrs. Ilallnws, m\% ta 
' hit friend Henry Slr-c<ma. a hatlor at the 
Temple Unte,* and a third to Jones, who 
WM onu of his exei'uior*. Ho also left 
directions, which were apparently not 
exMuted, thai nil his pupen nbould bu 
di^stroyed. Voonu bud biiili a M«eple to 
bis church (Ui<Ti*uiisnj, O-rrnp-'n. 10), 
and liadfound'idn chnriiy school in t hi* parish. 
'Hie life in the ' Hiof-rnphia llritunnien " 
aswiris that proper fspeet wjw nol paid ut 
his funeral by ihe parish JDnfra, who werv 
not sulKeit^nlly appreciativu of tbfir n-ttor'a 
merits. Jon*8,bowev*r(//i>. Anf^t. i, SWl, 
says that he was ' decern 1y buried' nndir 
the communion table near his wife, with a 
proper attendance of Ihe plenty. 

bewaneedotesnrelold iif Yiiuor'" penonal 
hubita. A story told by Pope ( nurkr, x. 
^111) is auupoMid to amily t'l bim, and 10^ 
illustrate tlie absenv* of mind fop which Iw-I 
was famous. He is said in ibe ' Iiio)^aphia~ 
tn have spent many hnum a day ' atnnnn tba 
tombs,' wliich is iierhnpi an inferemce from 
his poetry ; and (le |)ul up un akovu in his 
(tarden. where a beut^h was painlJ.'d so a« to 
produce an illusion uf renliiy. Under it waa 
inscribed Inn'tMlia ni'H ttrripiuiit. He did 
better by planting a line avenun of lime tfet?* 
in l.hfl ri'Ctory sarden, which still thrives. 
rhi .10 Snpt. 1781 it fonned a 'bandsome 
(iot.liic arth.'murh ndmircd by Johnson and 
Boawell. The bou»e in wLiolt bit lir^l 
(not tho reclorr) remains, and bis writing- 
desk is shown tbere. The house was in 1 781 
occupied by Young's aon, to whom Johnson 
said, ' 1 bad the honour to know that great 
man yonr father.' Johnson, however, siwuis 
only to have mrt him at Iticbardtou's hould. 
to diiFuut tb<- letter upon 'Orl^oal Coi 
position.' Owing to Young's retiretnent in" 
luler vests Le had pawed nutof thajisraonal 
knowledgi? of most litnrary eonleroporaiiu*. 
Ilia pfwtryhnd Iwconio very popular, and he 
ia mentioned with rrverent'ebv literary ladiea 
Rucli aa Mrt. Montagu and Mrs. DelanT. 





fe*J 

• a> Gm*. JI9. ui; a. sio^ m>. It » 



I 









_ I ■■ it* «^, Ml M Mser* •• lUi c^ 
noM'viiun na bra; tWr ckwckmd 
eoMM^ktioM u Bubt. WlatvTcr' ki* 
tuciMae bmH*, kkporttr had mv rcMitt 
•M* ia t u Miee both la Fnnoe uul bcnoaBT, 
Klnpriock «nM« » poen «pOB Ua de^li, 
■nd h* wu coBiidcnd W othn acrMim 
vritcnlofaeMpMiarloMiltML. la Fnnce 
Ilia ' Night Thonghia' diridud ntfanaiaani 
with 'danMiIUriowB' and 'Ommb.' A 
looaa Innolation bjr LetoutBcnr (1 760), wiih 
a pTiliaiiaaiT diaaertatim, bboc a grrat 
M«*ation ana went ihnmRti aernal cdiiiona. 
Tile poem irai admiwd hr Didvrot. Uobea- 
|«en«(wbo ' kept tt aad«r hin {nllow'dnrina 
tba fovniutinni, nnd hj Madam* de ^acL 
YotHU wu nhiuplj crilicwed by Chatmu- 
lirtind, but nil itill nad by l^inaKine aail 
tbo Frriteh ' romanlicn.' Aii inicroring ac- 
count of Younir'* pripiikrity in Franw ■* 
aina in SI- Tcxli^'a ' Itouucau nnd tlwi 
Coaoiopolitan Siiiril in LJtoraiure' (EnjilUb 
InnnUtion, \HWl. mi. 301-lJ. S«u aUo 
DlUKIEirT, tfe'uwfji(lf*i7). nx. 13; CniTBAU- 
nnuKir, Mthnye* Littifairtt, vi. ST-1 ; 




Httaaaafrara^ 
w Boitatd {a. t.j 
itiaabTM&nL 



b m: 1. 'IfMtb to. 
Lmi I I III ; ini.M.^*Tfe L>« 
Ito.'ITU,»M. X*TWF«m«rita%<aB. 
«r \ ^MH^rf L«w«: a fMS is twa mm,' 
1711. M. 4. 'Ob tka bta QaaM'a IMlk 
■Ml k» Mjftri'a AtowIom,' 1711, foL 
t. •<)»(». . .<M iacU avBt KMintbt^ 
F I II' (nk b«fiak dadkaliw la 
hifiaa «r Ai Cto*i M f fcatlT. aeeemd «f 
' CHiriiiii Aw'ltkim ky D. CotaaL ITItl 
§f«. Cftiut— a>aa«a«aftfaBwfc«f 




Jah.'t7nv*>i. 7.'fti«a,Ki»frfECT« 
a "CwalT.' iri*. Um. 8.T& Lm« U 
McCcUIl, aecMMMi br iW Ckatli of. . . 
J. AibH." 17U^ M. %. "fbe Rnnip: 
a TVacvd*,' 17?l. 9*« : naKik 
a i:i!T;'.£l»l W J. R. Kdafcto 
la -T^ L'nnnaIPMnan:'*ftrM 
l79S^U,*accaBd."tlurd.-uKl -C»inV 
iairSEv'lMl'ialTlD, 'fifth' in i:^, 
•■titk' M I73& OoUcotad niuW Yhuik^ 
■aa«ial738ai*n0La>t«of Fanii?. inimD 
LfcaiMlaCMlit miin*,' wIimi the 'last' b*- 
moMa tka'wmub suin>.' II. -IV lo- 
jtalMMt' (i.r. of !<irR Walw>l4-a«knifbi 
id iht Ginrr). 17:.>6, fol. 12. 'CraiSo' 
(«o^ on deatli of tliv Marqaia of QuiqO 
tWt, ir*7. tA. 13. • Um«ii : an Udc to 
«fcicfcMfniz«d an Ode 10 thr Kincaadt 
DiaeoanvaaOd«;i7^'<ni. ]4.'AVia&- 
eatioa of ProridMace ; or a trua EMinaia af 
Ilnoaaa lift,' 1738, 4to. !& • An Apokg* 
tot Prima*. . .' (aennoa bcfon tfc» lloaw 
orOaBmiuoo30Jan.l7»),6TO. 10l'I» 
petiaiB P^*^ '■ > lural lyric wrilCca in ini- 
tatioa of I^dar'a tpirit, oocaaaoned bv kit 
Majeaty^ rKura in Septeniber 17:19,' )7!t). 
8ni(tbn'lvric'if> headed 'The Metdiaci'v 
17. 'Tvo KpUtloa to Mr. Vtif^ mamniieit 
thcAntbonorihaAge; 1730,fn1. lA-TU 
g ea y mtv' I73D (two odi-c, with drdkatkn 
lo \(>ltaire). !9. 'The ForeiftB Addraa... 
in (he Chata«ler of a Sailor.' 17St, 61 
30. ■ The Conplainl, or Night Thou^uoi! 
Life, r>ea()i,aadIinniorta1itT' (auoniaioiul. 
[■"Lrnl f<mr'Nig;hl«*in 1743, ■410; ftftk, 1743; 
■ixlh ai»l**aTKnth, 1744: cijrhth and ninih. 
1745. Tbo folio edition, nith Jeeiiiw br 
l)la)ie,nnpiMutslin 1797,andoiMwitbdMipi 
bv Btolbnrd in 179tl. Beudaa th* fenoil 
titlu.the second 'Nigbl' w«« nttitUd'CH 



k 



d 



I^c, Di>fllh, ftnd Fricndihip.' ibit thini' Nnr- 
eiaM,' Xhn iaanh ' Tbi! Chriiiiiui Triumph,' 
tliv lifUi'TbeKoU|wc,'Uio ■ixtbruitliwveiiili 

• Tils Infidnlftuclaimtid,' the ■-■■tthtb' VirlUL-.' 

* Apolof^.' Boil ifaH uiiith ' The CMtiiKilaliun.' 
TMTeart! IraiuilHtioiui iulo FniuclJiOeriuuii, 
Italian, Spiinish, IV)rtug'u«M<, Swedish, ari'I 
UaftjniT. 2\. • ICeflections on Iho I'liblic 
Siluaiion of ihn Kln^uni,' 174A (it pnnm 
uii'ifi lo • Night Tlioughu"). 2i ' The Bro- 
tjkcra: BTrnitMlj-.' 1763. rciHiusl liitt (titir- 
DH&n tranBlnlioiiin l7Ulk '2S. 'Tht^CenUur 
not Kabulou* ' (' iji aix lulten to a (Vienii uri 
tli*lifciii vo^e'), irJH, 8vo; 4lLeil>t. KM;. 
34. 'UonjvciDm on Ori^iiiial C<iinpo*iii<>u' 
(b lellor Io tha author or* :NrChnrrr«<iraii- 
dwan 'I, 1759, fivo. 26. ■ liw^nalian,' in 
two parts, nnd it 'poilw^ript lo Mrf. Ka»- 
C&wtu.'l7ta,Hn, t'hiladelptiiB, ir»l. CuHl 

ru)ili»h»<l an edition o( Yuiinfi's ' ^^'urkl' iti 
741 in 3 ToU, 8to, with a luttrr frum the 
■nlhorwiiihing Kiic^ciM to tiiA uo'lvrukiii^, 
bntdeeliniiitt tomviMi itbimutlf. Tlin wnrkii 
rari<ixj by Ihu nuthor wpw publichiHi in 1 7.17 
in 4 vuls. 1:^100, tu witicb a liftli wiu itddiTd 
in 1767, and u twvi'uth (itlited by Isoof 
Ibwdl in I77S. Two two-volumi^ odilitiu* 
of VoungV works nppi<Hn-d inl^Ol.ouui^itt'd 
fay NiLrlioln wiih Dornn'x lifi^, atii) ih» otJior 
with Mitfonli lifo at llonton, i:.S.A. Tho 
' l!<^anti««of Vouiig,'od.A.IloWBKl,apiiMred 
in 18^1. 

{Tlw Bnt lir* of Vounc appMiwl io l\ia Itio- 
ItrapliU ilnTnnnin. ITdS. Soma *nt)n wrn 
earrKtrd in llicGcnt. Mig. for 1760, p. aid. Sir 
HtllMil CnJlfi). T.) wroto th« liln Included in 
JohMon* I.lwa of tb* Pttst*. Crurt took *oiue 
puB* to obtMD inrormauon. but without much 
•■OMBf. L>l«r lirca br Jolio Uilford. pretilnl 
to tha Aldino edition <ii ^'ounn'ii Pokiiih, nml l>jr 
t>T. Dutsn, prvllxnl lo nn nlition uf thv povrnt 
ia IRM,aJ'I>lit(tr. lint thonuitemlii nrc lOiTitjr. 
8m >1m KipbuU'i Lit. Ancodotei. pp. AHJ-fiiu 
(Jobn 3<ait*'» laltrnt lo Itirdi). il. naT-S. mxl 
• few Mh«r nfaranraa : lliof^pliiu DraniHlicn; 
8|MBei^s Anmlotcui (Singeri. IK'::" pp. 117. 'iAI. 
»7. M(, 374. ITS, ;{8». 4.^6: Wnrloo* Finny 
OB rap*,lSOS.ii. 39Si -lilni K, MoiiUgukL-liin 
ISIS, iii.9. 13. 17 Krq ; LadrM. W. Moutn^-ua 
Work* (Moy Tbonini). 1HS7 li. 13. la. lii - 
BiduudsOD* Coirup. ill, l-'iH. c. 142 -Ct ; liu. 
vcll'BJolin*on(Uili). iv. 60, IIP-JI.t. SGO and 
•laevkvM): Pop«'a VTurkB (Kluin and Coiirt- 
hof*) : a«n«it ■ Uiit. of the SUgr. ii. 6 ii. iii. 
M, IT. SBO;\'iUeiiuln>(Ru>r>«. IRAfl, til. 317- 
X2I^ X. SI8.33. In Uia Knl ah .Mii-x-iim ht' 
t OMt IMt«n fTDm Yo'ins to Q(or]g)i K'Htc (l <r.] 
froB weu toI78i (.tddii. US. aoOOJ). and » 
few (kb nbota) is iba NawraitU l^iprr*. In 
Popi'ii Worha(ei«iaa^Oonithope).iii. UT.v. 
23l.aodTii, 401,pa M^H Br>yiot»JtfOin lettan 
«f Yousg to ndwll of I7IB-7 : Ut tb«M letun 




I ar* Dot noir diicoTvmbtr. A tinmWr tt( lelteni 
I frum Y'aiiiig lo the DnchoH o( Tcriliind (la-n- 

lionod in Mr*. Dvlany* .\utnbii>|{rupliii, ii. I.>9. 

niid tujipCHOj lu bx 111 po>Mu»iriti uf lliD pritnint 

Dokaof fVwl'nudiiiKalMiiutfbRhoomiag. In- 

I IbrimtJOIl haa Iicl'U kiiidlr f;ivm by iha praantil 
I wanUn of All Hi.uW. ly'tk- Rtr. A. C. Haad-i 
bull, m'torof Wvlwyu, nn'l ihi- llev. E. U.TnH 

ivclor of t'fiham, iind by Mr. C. W. Holglt^a 

I •who ban nuppltcd cilntcli tVum ths r*|lititaraf 

I WiiiflnwlHr whOdl, Tlia wtiirr liaa alto to 

, Uinsk fr-r vnrioua ai>iM{>a1iun« M. Thorn u. tnaitia 

<!(• conWrrni"M ut Rpiincj. »!io is engajrvJ upon 

n (tiidj <if Yt'uiig.] L. S. 

yO0NO. Sir GEOROB (1732-1810), 
Bilitiirsl.vldiMtAOii ufike Ruv. (leurfn; Y'ounK 
nf IJorc lU<^h ill DorMt (onv of a litmily claim- 
ing dittcrnt froD) .folin V«ns of Bui^boni^ 
^V(uto^,*hnriii'«f Donntin 1A70I, by liiawif*] 
Klcanur, danahlur of Joiwnh Knowlea, wa* 
born on 17 June liSi It ia mid {A'nra/ 
CAiymi--te) that liv went to aoa in tltt Nomur 
with Edward It()«caw«n [q. v.j in 174(t, in 
which cane it would »f>pin toat lie «ml out J 
li> tb« KaM Indim with ItoscawMi in 1747,1 
i]iiill'-'d tho iiTrvif.c [Iim», and joined that of 
the Eoai India trompnnv, (In I'll Dee. 17.'i7 
he wu» di.chnrBpJ with errdit nn n midnhip- 
maul'roii]th-rlViD(.'fuf Wnlei, Knit Indianiiui, J 
BDil iuiuiinliutt'ly rntcivd rrn hoard the Yuik] 
oa nbti' M'ninaii with Caiilaiii HukIi I'i^lj 
(1721 f-irilS) [q.v.], niid aftpr nix weeks 
nna midd ^lid^hipman. In t.hia cBpacitf 
bi! (erved at. ilii- tvduf.tion of Loiii^bourg in 
ntt'i, where he commanded u boat at tlia 
cutlin;^ out of the Itieofointii til |iuna, and 
tho destruction of the I*rude(il 74 KUtia,. 
which wu followed uext dar by the *ur-a 
fnndp.r of ihn pWo. An o^il iiictiiK fay' 
I'mncii Swnine ^ij. v.] of thi* nij^i en^itge-'j 
ment, now at Formout I'lacv, which hn* bmn 
engraved, wm painted fmtn Younii ■ nkcf^li. 
Ill I(3i> h'- wna, a^-ain with lljioli '" 'ko 
lEoyal William at lheca[>lure'>f(Jueb(w. Ilia 
pajwiii^ certificate, 3 8eul. litft), meiitiuuB 
only the ^'orli and Unjal William, in addition •§ 
to hi> certified urviiw nrid^r ibe Kaxi India 
Campany. On lti.\(iT.17fil bn n-aa pr<imot«d 
to be lisuteiiant of ibnOrford, with Cnntain, 
Marriut Aibiiihnol, which in Februnry l7fM, 
wi.-nt out to iho Leewanl lalandii in chutKtt' 
of cinvoy, took pun in tht> reduction uf 
Knfftna nnder.SirOeurj.'ePocock Jij. v.], and 
continueil nn tbo Jamaica Btalinn lill tli9 
pence. lie wan promoted to be commander- 
on Sit Sept. 1708, »erved for «»mfi time on th» 
West African nlation, whetv bo wa» nnn of.] 
the explorers of the ancient buryintt-pUcc* 
on ihu Piuik ofTenerille, and brought iIifiico 
lh« miinimy now iu the library of Trimlv 
Ccdl«Ke, Cambridge, dewribed in (toughs 



Young 



374 



Young 



■ S*p«klnl Moana^lK.' I. L Uxx. Ib1776 
W wvnt omx to iW But ladiea »■ oaan«»d 
of iW CanaonM. fra« Bkck, (M 7 Not. 1 77'. 
heBSApadadtAilw RipqaMftag-eaptaJD lo 
Sit EdoArdVarncia a. «. Iwiili wboai Wuru 
iM tW akirmuii of Ixudicfasn; «n 10 Ai|^. 
ITTfi. Yom^ «*■ Uwn mu boHewiUi *1m- 
ptiehfi, i«on««il ibe imobI coavlioMnl of 
bOOL to bu7 a *«ord <BB*nos. Xar. amd 
MO. Mrmmn,if. il(i),uAm»foniat*dia. 
lUnih I7t9 W tba WilWa ud Vuy jMltt : 
IB her bi took th* Pmca of WaW to ibe 
>>««« «hni tke kinf visited \hr flsrt uiu]«r 
St Htd« I'Mkrt(17U- ir'2\ci v.; .ftMtb. 
Mtion om ifan DogBwittiik od 5 Aiij[. lidl. 
lip ii>u Inughtnl oa ^ Aag. ITt^l. AfUtv 
wftnLi bv ««* mond iiM« th« CslluriBV 
Ts^lii, »ad tliuin^ xht Huv-ita umavral of 
1791 to lit* Zuloin. Ua4 July I7i'4 helH>- 
c*aemn«r«datt»l,TMe-adeunt1 on IIKoIil 
17ee,ud adainl on 3(3 April iaiM,Uit bBd 

InirMYoanffiookupactivelr.iiicofiiiine- 
tMM Titk Lord lluialMil, 8if /oMfti U»tik» 
(tM Umttimi, iipi. S, 10), Tbonaa Uowcfolk, 
uui oibor*, tha prcfo««l of J««a Uui* MttK 
fof tbp ouUishnMat of • cotouy in New 
South Waloc, ami wcots • npvr ooaiaitiiBK 
• plan for lUis |iuq>oe«,wliic]i waaon 13 Jui. 
Iitu comaiuuicatfil to Loinl ^jdnev [wsc 
Towmams Tmomu] by Sir It. tapper 
AtAki, tbe attois^T-g^iMiral, uiil bncaai*. 
with that of Maira, tW bans of ihv oCBcmI 
■rJwuw on wfai^hthcospadkion oTGoniraor 
ARhnrl'biltip;q.v.]waitttartcd. Thv taint 
ot Yotuw'a paper consislt in it* prBclk«l 
detaiU: Iii* two priacipal •o^gMtMIM of •■ 
nri^-inal nature — om for nabiBg the aMtl^ 
meat a poti of call for ih« Cbiaa sbipa, ibe 
o4b(T(6rih«'CiiItivaiiotitk<>i«,iiitboiai«m( 
«f lhi> navy, of the Srw /«al>Bd flai-plant 
(Piarmiuin (cniu )— rvmniocd wilbout fniil. 
It i* a tcptint uf tbia papvr. is a tnacb iliort- 
«iim1 form, wbicb U k**'^" >■> Hriltoa. and 
WM in 1888 reproduced in bonnito at 
Sjdnej. lu 17^ Youiw, logiMher with 
hiH connpellan John Call, applied to ili« 
colonial olSce lor a grant n( ^nrMk Ihland, 
which had, boVRVcr, bai-n juit laki>n up for 
■•■ttl'iDsnl ; and in 17DI bf wn* a nrouotct 
and OM1 of tbo lir*t proprii^topf of tbn Sierra 
Lcooo Company (31 Oro. Ill, c, 63, pri!- • 
amblO- In 17U2 he ira« uxaoiined belcm ' 
iho liar uf the House of Cominottt on the ■ 
Afrirau tlaro trade, and Kare erideiwe of it* | 
e»iU, no* I*** Talimhlo b««au«(> temperately 
wnrdod. lie tilled for tha Gral l<'n iran of 
it*i'xiiti!nm(ir'^~1796)tbcpo*tnftr<iiuiaT«r 
toth* bonrd of couuiMonDnof thcThaniM 
natifTtiioii. 

Young diud at bi« Mat, Tormo» PUco, 



3 



rared in tin 

BUfl, 

1 




Besbahirc, on -JS Juov lc*lU. He wu ■ 
F.K& l<!U<«ed lo Feb. 17sl) and t'.S.A.,« 
fine vottU*t,aiidasnsuUcurauMcuii. U& 
Bray tvlU aomiD good atorica of hia ""tut— 
and aoeonpliabeuMU. utd dcaeribaa bin « 
icmarlcabl^ handao w ft— » deaanpuoa wbid 
hi* pottraiU oosfirm. Ttw beat •• a Btiai*- 
ture br John Smart [a.v.J, eamTed in tin 
' Naral Cbnutick.* He tiwrneid, Sn 
bMh,d*ugbtcr ofSamae! Br«d*baw 

Marlow, aadbkdi*Miebrb«rt<rod ^ 

and two aons, Uie eldi-c i>f whom, SMUtl, 
waa created • baronpi in Norcmbar Ih 
Hi* focood wife was Anae. dau^hcrr of 
William l)atti«[q. v.] of Itloooi*but7. 
(Kara! Cbnnkte (*ith poitniti, uu, 1 

Ering Milia<!*i*, tttiux' j^y-hookm u^ 
lu ID Uw PuUb Bcranl Oflk*: BnaasV 
UiMoncal BKxada of N*w 8oMh Walat lh| 
antbt^tjk Tol. i. pt. ■:- pp. iit-i. 111, 
Autofaiafraphy of Ana* BIiih Bray. p. 
iuDilr pafun ia poataMoua of Sir G. Y< 
bait.) J, K. 

YOUNO, GEOItGK (1777-1848), 
logiaii. topoiEraphfr, and KeologiM, wa* btn 
oa 13 July ir7> at » anal) farnliouaB oalW 
CosiedtAtt in tba itarisb of Kitlinewtm nai 
Kwl Calder, Ediaoorffluhire, and 

Crt in ibc uiiitvnity of 1-Jdinbi 
was known aa one of John 
CtTourite atadei m . and where ho 
tinffoHbod progrea* in ltt«raiT and 
■oj^ical atodiM. llaTiog oonDplvtnl'wilh 
hisbbonour bisnnirortiiycoaraein 17)10, ht- 
cutatDMicvd the ftiuly of iltt>oUi(^T uiid« 
U«"ixvl^w90ii(17Il>' IBJOti'ti- T.^aiSeUdx^ 
ud in IMJl be wa* lk>rnM<d to pnadi' " 
pMbjrtery of Edinburgh of the ■■ 
aeowMon church. In the etunmcr o! 
be Cnt Tifil«d Wbilby. and in January I 
he wu ordained poitlor of line cbapd of I. 
anitcd uaociatu or now fffvabytvrian COQ- 
CKsnliou in that luirn. At Ibu 
wonbip, aitunie in Cliff Luie, bo 

aadpeMcbedforforly-tworettr*. On_„.^ 

181U ibe Maivetvlly of P^Lnbursh confcnrJ 
upoo bin tbo d«f m of .M.A. ^Cat. of JUa- 
hm-fk GmduatM, IfUlS, p. ^IW). tin aflcT- 
wardabtcauoadoctorordiiinity.hutitdaai 
not apptnr when be obtained that itgm, 
\lv wa« aUo n oomspondinfc montber of tbs 
Wemuian fiutural lliatory Sociuty, and aa 
honoruT iMuib-r of the Yurltahin; and lluil 
literary and pbila*ofibical aocielR!*^ Ucdiai 
at WbilbT on i4 May 1848. Tlwfe ia a pot- 
ttait of him in ibo nneeuin al SVIuthy, 
painted by Kdward Cocbbum. and anoibit 
portrait baiun in tbo v«*Uy of ibo cbap«l ■> 
Cliir Unp. 

laaddiiiiMitatomeaiinorviirkatliewnla; 
1, '£vangclioairt>Bciple*of IUUgio*viaA> 





insal^H 





Young 



375 



Young 



, KDil ibe iDCdiMiitMicjF aod duagenva 

tier of tko Uaitamn ticboiM cxpOBcd : 

lam jerien or lellpni addrMtedto iIipHpi.T. 

Walion : in nrplr lu Ijiii buuk enlitlnl " A 

SUMnuvitafKinMiiftliBmotl tmportftDl 

talM of K«>1ifioa aaa prMsrvM i w ana I nut 

InflilrittVi Kiithmijum, and IiaiunrndtT.'" 

■\Vlii:hT.lSI3,Svi>. S.-AlliMorroIWhilbv 

and St(urHi»liaih Abht^; iriib a SuiUtical 

turvcj- or iho \'iciiiily to ilie dittonor of 

twpDl^-livp niilps,' U'iiilbv. 1^17. l! vols- 

6to. a TtTj TsliiablH (tipuaraphii'iil work. 

3. 'A OyoIogicHl i^nrvey <>v tbt Ywluliire 

Coo«i : liwcribitig tlie Strata nnil l-'ojuil* 

ncrurring betwi'rn Elm liiiinbnr nndllirTcpn, 

frpm ilicCJi'.miiin Or«in toihol'iniii nf Vork,' 

Whit bj-, 1^^1*3,410: iiliulrntcdiriiiitininiToin 

vnoTDVitijti b_» John Bird. 4, 'A i'iclure of 

Wliitby anJ' its Korin-nii,' Wliilby. 1824, 

"2ino; SBdedii.\VJiiH(r.lMO,Hvo. ft.'Tbe 

le mad Voyagvii of Oni>tniii Jaiiica Ci>ok, 

:mm up from hi* JoiimaU and olhar au* 

icnic aonuniniilft,' l^oiiilon, I KS^, 8vo. 

6. - Script.iiml <MM>In|iT. or an Kioay on tho 

High AniiquitT mcribird to tbo Organic 

fJteouiila embediliTd in i^lniliHeil lioclw 

[Afiiivudix . , . (yiniuiiiiN^StriotutM on Bomi! 

^aMagM ill Ut. J. Piw lymiUi't lectiir«», ca- 

itW "Scriptim-s and G*nl.i|iv"),' 3 n'a. 

idon, lft.%'40, Hva ; Sad oiLit. Lundon, 

1(410. Wvo. 

[ EvnniceUnil Slag. 18-19, nfv Bar. uiii. 13; 
Robinacin'* Whiibj. pp. US. 161-3; L'nited 
Prralrticrinn Mng. 18-tO, lii. tlTl T. C. 

YOUNG, SiK HKNRV F.nWAROI-OX 
(1pMI»'IH7ll|,riil<->ninIt;nv>'rniir,lh<t third ion 
of C.ilowi Sir An'liu William Ymln([ q, v.], 
br lii» wifi- Sornli t'ox of Coolclifie. We»- 
rird. was bom on 2S April 180S at Bmd- 
buiirne, imr hen, K«n(, and «lut'Dt«d pri- 
vately at Broiulev. piil^riHg llie Intn'r 
TuDip)« in ItiSl, ih^u^h Ue wa« nmor called 
to llio bar. 

On 21 Nov. \^H Vnnnjr wna nppoiati^d to 

bn tninaiiror of St. l.ucta, n-bntc lie arrived 

in Janiinrv IrUll ; fmu AiiBU.<t b) urtcd ais 

colooiul wFTutarr, nnd rram Notvinbi-c nl*o 

wcond puiiue jud)ir-. biB knowlvdgu nf 

iFivnuti wna lu-m of uiiicb iui porta iice. In 

]klai«h lt>d-'i be ira« pronioliid m h» gocvrn- 

raenl »9er«rnrv of Dritiih Guiana, tin 

3S Jan. 1H47, on bii rrliim to Knslnnd, 

YoQD)! vnw nppoinfi'il lirufonauI-KnTtrnor uf 

tbcoMtcm plmvince of Ibr-t.-Bpt^Coloiiy. bul 

iounil tha jKiit iitioiist'uiiit und vpry txioii 

ippliad to ba n^li^ved. In PVbriinry 1*^^ 

ofiVrvd Iho forvminvnt nf South 

Anitnlifl, cnmo liomn to Kngland nt oiicn, 

and. having marriod, uiliul nil 37 April for 

. hiK new KoTcmnicnt, which lie OMumod in 

t: 



in I 

I col 

" rae 
3S 
Yo 

.; tbi: 



In South Atintmlin iw was alinn*t imni^- 
diiituJr tKi-sd by Iho Mpiratioua of tlta 
culoniati for n more indi^ieiidcnt ROfem- 
uM-nl, and bii piiblicatioii of tbo rwolutions 
franodbTSirJobn Morph»tl[Q.v.],irbru tkit 
council n'K" not siilitiK. brought Jow n upon 
him i.lie ttmsun of ui« necrntan' of Htai-e. 
(ipDi^rolly upeakintr, bia tTTiii of offina waA 
insrlird by a vicoroiu but oxtmvngant aiid 
not altoffctbiir judioioun puliev of dcrdojK 
men). lie ii mtitlcd to IM Credit uf 
c&rryiiig through tlii^ feutcetaful opening' of 
tho Murray Uivvr to stestn navigation, bul 
larga auina vere wa*t«d in th« ikit>>inpt to 

' rcmova tli* bar at il« mouth. W'hi'ii th« 

, m>h to tlio |[oldfiold« in \'ii:tdtin di-niidcd 
Ibu rrolnoy for a time nf mtn and n-vnllb, hi* 

' meaaurwi for divvrtini; thti Btremn of gold 
trxporl to Adtrlaidi? und for eacouin^ng Uw 
diAcovery of gold in South AuMralia had 
toiiM »ucoeM; and out of iho comlilicia of 
affiiiRa that «naii«l tlurn: nrout th« mo«t re- 
marliabU oTont of Ilia gnrcTDmont, vie. tho 
paaufio of tha maoaurv in January lb5S 
whereby bullion wna miuli' a U^ol tender. 
There was a griM. M^artity uf currency, bia 
advivora fvared a drain oi I'OLUed iftild, and 
thi»"ioyiiUr enpoiiiftnt was doviKeil topTe- 
vflnt it. Young' dopppciit«i ihf mriuiiir", but 
yinldcd In iiriront rvprv*cn1ationt. It wm 
notiirnlly >hort -lived. 

Yound wn» oeil gaieltwl to the govern- 
mt'Ul uf New Zealand, but neier look uphia 
appuiiilmeiit, 08 in January |A.Vi he wu 
tramfprred to tho gncorain'.-iii of TaintanU. 
li^re hi» arrived at n liinn of (tn'at jimiiinrity ; 
but again hti via,* met by IhediKiculliea aur- 
ronndinj; (•onrfilulioiiiil rhanjte* ; the act to 
complete the introduolion of renpousible go- 
Trrnmenl win before the queen in Orest 
Britain, and nieaawhilo, on 17 July I8t>''i, he 
sunimou^d hia firat council on tbi> old footing. 
The council, arrogntiiig tn ilftdf in advanco 
tho powf^ri of iho IIoiimi of t'ommonR, ap- 
pointed a rocnmitlen to iuquira into the cun- 
vict iiritem, and sutninoncd the controller, 
Ur. Ilauipton. lu appear before it ; Jf ampton 

I denied ibe right of ihe oouucil to auinnitin 
hiui; tbo coiuicil eame into CDlliiiion with 
tlMCOiirl*; in tb? midit of lUe Iroubli^lho 
go Tumor cnmn nnexppclpdly into ilin enuncnl 
chnmbi-r and praroaund tlin council. For 
thin bold alruke lie baa lieen much blamed, 
e:<pL'ciiiIly an Ilanipton, ibe cause of it, did 
not come out of the iiul>a>.-queiil iiKjuiry with 

I credit. In D«ceDib«r IbutS Yuunv met the 

I Rnl partiftiuent nader tv'sponsibha govern- 
mrnt ; but mcccuive cbangp* of niini»tiT 
robbed the next few ynnn of a broader politi- 
cal inlcr«n. The [Icvelopmeot of ttia 

) oountry, hovrever, proceeded mpidly during 



I 



Young 



37« 



Young 



Young's term of office. In 1S67 definite 
ttm» wRnt taki-n to improva the lii|[ti0r tdn- 
rntmn ia Tamianis; in iho »*tn* ye»t go* 
WM introdnml iaio Ilobort, and thn bu- 
nuuBgc of a nulwrnj to LaudcwIoii were 
ditCDwrf. In IN^ iLu Ant aubmariDe 
t^wnvh Mbli' wM Uiil round tlie toatA; in 
1860 tn« foundation of • mminr induitry 
WM hid, knd oti induMrial ribibiticiB tna 
opatei at Ilotwrt. Tbi? urn' goTvninMDt 
houM, theoulwsrdkif^of iliii prccnu, w*a 
flnt occniMd b^ Yoiuik- I le left Uio colony 
for EngUnd on 10 Deo. IMl. 

VotmK vUit«d NeiT ^^aUud on ]iriTtt« 
biuincM in \SOR, but chieflr ivmitiii«d for the 
itat of bis lifi! in London, wbera be djeil on 

iS Sept. iwa 

Young \ru a man of Mnj;uinr nnd i>ntbn> 
«s«tic I«aip«r&uii.'ut, dcvoicd to irbat bo 
bolivrod to b« bia public dutv, nnd uiually 
^n«rou« in bin judf roi^nts, if iiul slvrftn 
wiae. Uu u-m crot^ K.!t. In \'M7. lie 
inanied, on 16 April ItUS, Aiifusia Si»ihia, 
•tdstt daii|;btpr of Charles .Mnrn-nit of rark- 
HM, Potter* Bar, IlLTtfordkhira. 

[HonneU'i Diet, of .luali»Li*iitn Bio^. : Fpd- 
ton'a TitanAnla, rlinp*. xi>. zr. ; Kuvlsn'i IlUr. 
"t Aiutiulu, vol*, ii, iii. r. ; Coluninl OtHco 
lilt. ISSSli Cot. Offlcs ftMonb; bmilj inroi- 
mkiian.] C.A. U 

YOUNO. JAMES (d. irsfll. •drairal. is 
taid to liuve vuiercd Iho navy in 1737 on 
board tbe tiluiieiiitcr, cuT]rin(| tb* brokd 
ponnanl of Couunodoru tbu Hon. QMn(n 
(.liiiton ascomuiaiiilet^in-chief in the Ucdi- 
litrninrnn ; mo«t probably, bowever, hi- bad 
Bomv oarlirr iicn'ici', ibe t«cord of wbicli 
CDCiiut now bit found. ^V)ll^n ibe Glnuceater 
viviit houiF, YounK '"«* tmnKfcrred to ilia 
Ijiui-aMcr -. was promuli'd to bo lieMt«naiit, 
1) Mnrcli 1738-9: wan in 174^ raovi'd into 
thi> Namiir, Hagsbip of AduiirnI Motlicwa i 
Willi promoiod by liim to bs i-umuiaiidfr of 
thn hnloniiindi-r l>omb, and on tti May 1743 
to bi! rnptnin of tlin Neptune of !)U gana. 
Tbi», HB 9uob upiiointnipnli rommotilT were, 
waa for rauh unlj-: nud trn dav* Inter be 
was moved to ihu Keiininotun of SO gnnsj 
bting^ ibus, as was apitT'fiilly pointcrd out at 
tbo lintfl, ■ midshipman, lieu'leuanl. and cap- 
tain in ono vovRgw' (Aormfiim <j/ (Ae J'rif 
frrilingf of It. JU. Fhrt, yy. 114-1 o), 
aliliouf[b Ihe vornge badlnslndlor mh veara. 
It did. ill fact, tunt icvltbI ypan mom ; for 
t'r<ini ihe Koniiiiigton lio wiu nic)vr<l to tbe 
Diinkirh, and reuiaiued in tbe Mcdilri>m- 
nonn till iIib posce in I74.S. lu ITOl' lie wns 
appoinlnd to ibn Junn, and iu lfu& to the 
h rework, frumnhicb hn ms moved in Octo- 
ber to llip|ntr«pid,B6l^n ship, one of tbu 
squadron a«nt out to tbe Mrdiierranean in 



NBtnud^H 



tbe toUowing ming, under tite eootnud < 
AdmiralJolwBriif[[q.v.1 Intbebaitki 
Miuotca oa W May I7S4 iJm Intnpd 
tlie Isat alup of tbu van diftnon [hm Wnr, 
TmPLB], and iu ranntng down tovstdi ibt 
onsmj 'had her fo(«toonuut allot kv*.j. 
Byng oftvrwuda aswned that ihi* wm tfar 
evxm at tba diMtdor in ibe tear diTiaioo ik 
bia llcrt: bat Voiin^,w))pn e^xamined befcn 
tLeeourt-uurtiul, donipd that it 'occatiioBed 
any impedinictit to tbo rear diTisioD,' aitil 
thit was directly or indirectly confinnnl b^ 
all tbeochar avideiac*. 

In 17S7 Young commoaded ibe Bnr&rd 
in the expedition against Rocbefoat, i 
Sir Edward Uawko ([.ord tlawke) [q. tJ 
and in tbo Seet which aftvrwarda cruiacd r 
the Bay of Biway under llnwke and 
oawvn. In 17utl he waa oantoia of tt,_ 
74-gan &liip Mars during llw Ioa|[ moutli* 
oti' liroi. and on 30 Xor. waa llyiog a com- 
nodutc'* braad p«DBant. Continuing in tbe 
Mors, is XoTcoabar 1761 h« bod o^maand 

j (^aainaU«]uadnMiofr IIarr«. On 21 
1763 tie waa pramoted to ho raar>ai)niiial i 

' the rvd : bat |i«ae« beina ca(uind4<d i 
aflorwHnis, hv did not then bout his fla 
On 38 Oct. 1770 he was made vio»«dmiii 
of the wliile, and in .\i>nl 177^ beii^ Ibm 
vicivBdmiral of thr trd, he iroa appoiutri 
commeudei^in-«hicf on the l>«watd It- 
lands station, with bia flag in the Partland. 
In Julv 177t< be rt'lumed to Eng l>Md, and 
was aliortly onerwards pranotod to bv 

, admiral of the whii«. lie bad no fnrtlwr 
vrnployment, and died in London on 34 Jan. 

irsti. 

|i;lisraupk'!iBiaerBpliiBXaTalis,T. 273;BMt- 
•on't Naval and UilitHrv Hemuirs (liita in nl 
iii.) : Liit-bouki. in the 'PahMc Beeottl Ofiea.1 

J. K. U 

TOUNO.JAMG3(l811-1683), cbemiit 
and originnlor ofiba [laraSn ind nutty, aon 
of John Yountr, ajoiner, and bia wifr, Jean 
WrlauEi (manini on 9 Fob, 1609), was bon 
atDrygale,Ubugow, on 13 July lifll. 
motived a aconty odueation at a ma 
Hbool, working at tbe bench with hit EtiT 
during tbe day. In l!?3U he wvnt to ih 
evening loRtunes of TLouiu Graham ^q.t. 
at the Andenonian I'niifniity. wbero 
became ocqnainted with Davtd'lJvii.^ 
[q. v.], whom he tAught tb« use of the latb 
and Lyon, an«rward« bamn, ttayfair. With' 
both men be fomed anintimntrarid lifelong 
friendabiti. Inihe aeeoion IS31-3 Grahan 
apinintiil Young his aasisiaikt, and he uand 
oivaaianally to take Graham a leetaf««. J» 
1 t>3B he wosmtantml with a watch, and am 
3S June 1637 with a tealiuionia) by the 
' mecluiiics' clost.' Id Yoaac'a fitvt idci^ 





Young 



377 



Young 



tific paper, da1«l 4 J«n. 183", he. ijcwribpd d 
mudificAticin ufn vultDJc ballery iiivi-nicd by 
FsMilaf {PhUufophu-at Magtaine, IS37, x, 
34£). In thci «aiiju y««r Youuj; n*eiil, wilb 
GnJian] us hi* unistanl, to ITiiivonity Col- 
lege, I^ndan, and hitl)i^d him vhb ihe ex- 
pciimoDtBl work in lu> importnnl rviwarcbn* 
(inrcriDiition from Dr. II. K. Sdiunck, 
f .It.^.) lu 1839 lu' wat Dppniait-d tuunoftcr 
to Mixture. Muspmtt \»ev midi-r Mc»rRi'rT, 
J^mm] at >'>-wlOTi le"\\illtni-9,and iu \V*\ 
to Mrv^n. Tonnnni ni, Mnncliester, for whoia 
hn diovUcd ■ mitlliod of malting «o(tiiim 
Mnnnate direct from iin-*loiK!. In 184A h« 
acTTcd ou a committtw uf (hi- .Mani^hMler 
lil«nry and PhitoMipluL'sl Society for tbo 
IBTMti^lioil of tbr polutu dixL'iui:, nud BUg' 
gM>«d ihci immersion of the tub«rs in dilute 
Milphitric acid a* a iiK«na of slopping tlie 
diMuc; lie WM notnWtod a moinW i>f ili« 
society till 19 Oct. 18-17. UuriDK hia itay 
in ManchBU«T liti >tartt>d a locul cbtiitilcid 
WKwly which aflerwarda iH^cuine a Mction 
of the I.ilerary and I'liiloBOpliii/al Society, 
biit (ivpiitiiiilivdied out. KinOiii^ilie ' Msii- 
chi^dfr (tiiardian ' nol siifHcienlty liberal, Uu 
nUo lot an foot the movi-menl fur thn Mta- 
bliahment of ihci ' Mnnrheiti-r Mxaminer,' 
wLicli waa lirxl publinhed in IH-KIl K. .\.Siirs 
Sunu, C'mtfnary ij/ Science, p. 3*8). On 
4 Ilec. 1&47 Playfair wrote lu Yuuiik fri'iu 
LondoD a letter (qnoled iu WcHirw UnD's 
MnnoriaU nf tAjdn Platifair, pp. lU2i, 
telling him of n pcilroliuim fprin); in the 
Ri<Ulin^ eoUifoy nl Alfti-toii, liRrl.rthin-, 
b«l<inginK to I'lnyfair'a brcither-in-law, 
JstnM OukM, and su^i^eitlnfi thnt he miKht 
torn Ibe petrvdeuiu lu uccuunt. The sprinj; 
fielded at ihat tiu»? thrt>t< hiiudred pitlT>fut 
daily. Young miggc^ii-d to Mer-ri*, TeimaiiT 
that ihey mi)(hi. rn'al the pitri)l«iini, but 
tlwj ihoilt[ht it ' ton amnll a mnllc.r,' and in 
IKIH Young, in pimnernhip with Kdward 
Meldrum, agreed lo buy up the yield of the 
vpriu^', from which tbey manuftu'tured illu- 
minalin^ oils and lubriculiTi^ oila until in 
IS51 il n-iM r»hauBleil. Fiiidinic that thu 
sprinit waa fniling. Young had meanwhile 
expcTimpnled(fora lnnf;iinip without n-ault) 
on th«r pnKiuctJon of pnfaffin fmra the dry 
diBiilLatmn of coal, and on 17 Oct. 1860 
took out a patent Tur this purpciae, of wbicb 
the niecitlcation wh^ rauiiiti^lrd on IG April 
I8SI. 

In the hcjfinninB of Ift'iO Mr. ITujrb Bor- 
tholomow.of thaOlangnw Cilyand Suburban 
f{aa work*, ahowed Yount; a uninple of 
•Torbane Hill minuml' or ' Bojtheiid coal," 
which was found to Rire a better yield of 
paraflin tlian any other coal. In (he aiimmer 
of 18MJ Y'oouf; ft Mtildruoi and Edward 



^Villiam Binn«y [q, v.] entered into partner- 
ship under tbe liikt of E. W. Binuey Jit Co. 
at ttathgate, and E. Meldrum Jc Co. at G1b»- 
gow; thcytrfplBd works at Balligat*^. which 
wereoompletedinlhnfollowinffTftnr. rnl863 
Y'ounji; lult MandiealiT nnd liviid hnncefor- 
ward iudvotlimd. Thii lirm firat mannfne- 
turvd naphtha and lubricating oils : parnilin 
for bnrning and solid panllin were not void 
till iHTit), and tbo demand for the solid nul>> 
■lasce only brcnnie considerable in IbOU. 
MennnUile Young'a auccaw gsv« riM to an 
immense umount of liligntion. In IKfiSMr, 
and Mrs. William GiJIeipir-, the owncni oi 
tlie Torbane llilleslulc, sued Janei Ituau^l 
h Son, the letMwH of tho risht to exlmi-t 
' coal ibnrvfrom, from whom louug and hia 
ntrtneri had conlrsclod to buy the Torbane 
tliU injueral, on llin ground ihiil this oiineral 
was not coni— a conimtiou whidi would, if 
suvtuined, have Jeairoycdt he rnlueof Young'a 
paltoit. After much conflicting ncieiiiiBc evi- 
denca from \\\v most distinfiuislied rbemiata 
and giioIogiMj.tbejurydecioed that Torbane 
liill mineral waa a kind of coal, William 
tiillenpic tried in IftBl and 1862 to obtain it 
repeal of Yoiin(('« palenl, but in vnin. ^ouu^ 
Mid his partners dIscj hnd to defend) hem ai'lrea 
Bguinsl infriiigementa of the patent. In ISIvl 
they won a case in tbequveus bench ngamit 
Btuphim White attd others; iu IHW-1 ihey 
oblained 7,riO0/. damages and costs from the 
ClvdewJale Chemical Companv ; in IWil, 
:,mit. from John Milbr & Co. and William 
Milltir & Co, lint Ihe moat »erioiia ra»i> waa 
flinr be^un in Sepluuibcr 188^ aguinat h'be- 
neiiT l-'emie, William Carter, and Joseph 
Itohinaon, tpiod from I'O Feb. lo 7 -May l^^tt^ 
bel'orp Y ice-chancel lor 8ir John Stuart, who 
awarded Young'a firm 10,000/. cosU and 
\\,Vi'll. damagei. Fnmin and his partners 
appealed lo the Ilouae of l^^rdp, but lo«t th» 
appeal. In eueh of ihcao cnai'a an attempt 
WHS tiinde to show (hat Young had hecti foro- 
itailfid. I»o GeusBune, before 1777, .Arehi- 
bald Cochrane, ninth eurl uf Ihiiidoiiatd 
(q. v.), in lTl<l,and other* had inveuted pro- 
cewi-'B for the dJatiUstion of roni i in IS^tO 
Karl von Keichi'nlmch drat p^Tp^rc<l solid 
parslEu from beech tnr, and later ahownd 
thst it exi^jted in small ijuimlily in conl-tarj 
in IA20 Auguste l.uureul proposed to obtain 
illuminniiiigoile from the Autun schiEl«,and 
in lB3;j ali.>w,vl ihsi pamtlin could be got 
from the ICngltnh hiluininoiM schist*; bel- 
ligue in IK:)9 eibiliitnd In Pnrla lubTicntinfl 
and illuminniing pnrallin nila and aolia , 
poraiTin caiidlea ubininiHl by the diitillation 
of schisU; ItJchurd Butler in I8.'i3. Count 
dn ItotntieHch in 1811, aud Ilu Buisaon in 
1B47 took out patents for obtaiubg paratBn 



\'oung 



378 



Voung 



tnjr. All UwM auoifu wen on 
tlw mm iMod unloiiMnk to Yotinx: on the 
otlwrlMWH tlM-fintwIw, hy himtiag gm' 
(liMlly HataUa axb lo « low ml liot. ukI 
purifrii^ tim prodneu MutaUf aJxarwttiM, 
nu^ III* praoeaa • cowefcul auGCaH. •H 
tiscn can be no doubt u 10 Um nlidit; of 
Ilia ii«t«il. 

' In FebrUATV Idfifi Young took over tbe 
vImI* limiwi* fioB hi* pannsr*. Ho UuU 
MCOnd smI kigw works ut Addicwell, iwar 
WMt CUdcr. uul m Jtmnrf lUtitf h« tcJii 
the eonceni to ' Yo«u'a Punflio I-igkt uul 
MiuenlOil CotnMBv^ for 400,000/. OlWr 
eompMMMwotkod uiulBrlicaM«(roaiYo(iiig'a 
Kno , and til* nnlfiu iaaDitbetaf»«|inMd ovar 
thasoatliot Scotland. TliafiHiwof Yon^a 
mnfliu Mon W tu Uie uploiutitw of pMro 
Ihuib ifirings all over th* world, aod ao hae 
gitoa nae to an insioMa indottn'. 

In 1873 Yoaag took hi* friend, Itobort 
Abjph Souib [■)'*•]• wbo pitnled aecoanta 
of ibo rof ago*, to St. Kilih aad to IcaUad 
on bi* jracht iho Xyua». tie noiimd Uinl 
tlw bilp«-wat«r in hia yacht was acid, and 
•aggoaiod tha addilMn ofcanatio linMiothe 
lNl|ge-W«Ur to ))t«TeKt tb* nutin^ of iron 
abipB, a aunmtioit afterward* aikipced in 
Ibo navy {Fntc. Ht/yai Soc. IMiHiuiyi, l>*i2, 
vii. TOS|. He i> fuitlici said to hate Ikwh 
Um fitiit lo lind tbnt iron TMMla could b« 
nacd tiuitaadoftilvi^rfurUtiliiijdowBcauMie 
auda tululioiM — a diwov«rj which, ihoiigli 
siiuplo, wa* of conaidetablfl practical impor- 
taaco. In ISr^liPWainlccleaF.K.S. Younr 
bought RKtat>!ii nt lIuTTiii on ibe Ui» in 1871 
(8Milland) and ul Kellj' (ho wai bnown a« 
*J*m<>s VuiiDR of Kelt}'') uii the CIvdv in 
1f73, near Wvinyiiit liny, llu »priil the 
ffmier pnrt of lu4 lntt<r ;«an at Kellv. In 
TS7B ho bo^nin nt Ktlochiy n wfioa of ox- 
|i«riin0Bta wiih I'mfi-Mnr Gcor^ rorboi on 
iba voIocit<r of liilhi. Tbi' final obacrialiaii*, 
■node by a modification of the mtriliod of 
FiKMiu, wore carried oul in I680-I Wiwwn 
KellTtluuHMuidahilLcalledlha Ton, behind 
Inniitlan. Youtw and Forb«4 found tbe v«>lo- 
cilv of white lielit to bt- 901,362 Iciloiurim 
yes >M'Ond iPM. 7'ivjim. I «b2, ji. 231), a raUw 
»lig\iyly higli^rlhnn th«*R pn-Tiou>Ir>ibinin(Hl 
bv Alb«rt A. Miclifltoiinnd byC'omu. TLey 
aUo fouDil that bluoliffbt ItdvcIIhI at n rale 
I'S per cmt. faster thnn n-d.a niitlMiot TBt 
fuUydipUiniii). Uuriitf(bi>tiiIerytfantYouax 
nliio trnrked at tbe prartical applicaliooa of 
tbe skciric light, but published noibiDg 00 
lliia ■ubjei.'t. 

^'oiuiff waa a member of the Clicmiral So> 
ciolv, uf u'htch be waa rico^fnvaiduDt frucn 
lf'7»lo 1881. Thcdt^pvoof CL..U.waico»> 
fan«d on Uim by St. Andrvw* Unirusity in 



A|iril 1(79. lie di«d at Kellj on 13 Mat 
1««S3. 11* mainad. OB 31 A<w. t6S8^ lli^ 
3lary YouBg, aad waa aurriTmf by time mm 
and four daiu[btor>. 

Youof. aitbougli outwardly a uiiw lw 
'oool'in UinpennuMt, waa a tnan of iiiutlwB 
aatieandKeBemilualun;. Wiulcljiiajritni* 
waain Africa tMallMwed him to drawan Uat 
aa be pleaaad ; ' any muuetaiy pnwii« uf hii 
given to a I\>rtugncaa trader or Arab ohiir 
dtwlnr, written upon an old bit of ksllvror 
uirce uf bark, was duly JKinovred by Yooiif.' 
lie gmw nu«roiu>ly tawmrda the geawtal <n- 
u«nwa of Li T ingMone'a aeooiidand tbild «sp^ 
lUlioiw, and coutribaled IffJOt. towatdi lb 
laat orZ«tib«M • nytdl 1 ion, and 2.00W. towaob 
aHUichnKpoditiiui under LitfUtenanttimdy, 
which prarcd too latn lo find I i 1 in^iliaa 
alire. lie bad LitingiCone'a bodjr aaman 
brooght to England, and pru«Bted tn OU^ 
«>w a Riaiue to hia nwniory, onictad ii 
iMorge Squarv, GLaagOw. lIchadpttTitauiIt 
fvaatalad a brnace aiatne tu the dtj, aiii> 
onctMl in (•oorgn Square, •>( hu iorae 
maalrr, tinltan, and he Ind Graliam ■ ' Hf- 
aaardie* ' printed for prirata dUttibutioa at 
hia eipenae in INTO. TbeTolnsi«wnatkjtal 
bv R. Angua Smith. In 1870 he aodaiMl 
I with a MM of lO.-'iOW. the ' Young' duir of 
i lechnical ckanirtTyat Anderaan'a 
. which hu wai turmident from 1808 I 

On 11 April ia78 he par* 1,00W. 

Itoya! Society, oTcntiially opproptiattd tt 
the ' File rntnctiua fund.' 
I Tile beat portrait of Voung wwapai&t«d bt 
Sir Jubii Wat*oa Qordon [q. r.], and is in 
tbopoaieaaionofJolui Young, cw). ~ 

(Obitaari«a tn Journal Cfccn. Sue. 18SI, : 
' 830; CbeniAl Vitt*. ISS3. itni. S»: Ua 
cbs>l*TGDardiiin, IJ.May IS81. and U>a 
BiamiaaraadTiMM. Id Hoy iaS8, pp 
Men «f tha Tin*. lOih edit.; Wan 
Memotwlt of Lyon PUyrur.piMini: < 
Ea«y«tati*4ia; fnereodurff's BiogispbUi&.l 

rariiclia llaadvArtprtacb, iii. 14(4 ; K. Aa 
?niitli's Ufa and VfoAt ut T. OnlMa. ISM. 
Pretnc*. andf>.Siii B. Aagna Snitha Ctaiuiiny 
oftVieiie* io Maacbotar. 1S8X ppt 198-(. it 
piatiaii CaltnnUr of tht QlaafowaDd Wmii 
Meolland TtchBMl CMrqir (with whkh , 
anil'* CoUi«a b aow iararp«ni«l) ; Jabjlte 1 
Ihe Cbcoiical tJociely. 1801. p. lai : Er ~ 
fnTen on Aadomii'a UniTamiy bafui* 
CommiiBion an SritallSc Inttrwction. 
Smith'* Vitit to St. KiUa (printcly printe 
18T0, paaiin <nprint«d, Glaigow. 1B7 
Racord of iha Royal 8oriMy: Homo* 
SoborlemDiera QiaaiMry, iri. 14( (on lb« Ua- 
lorTo(thBfanAoannulMtar>>,paMni; Hilla^ 
DniradiT* llHlJUlioa. trd tdiu IM6, yimm: 
KmIwdwI'* IVjolau, ins, tv.lS:KnniaraBt 
Atoo'a ait. an 'hndh* in Bncyd. Brit, tth 



Mm ■Donna 

ang'diairaf 

- "wi i 

1808 I^H 






A''ou ng 



379 



Young 



•dit. : iufuimstiou kindly givoa by VauDgV ton, 
John Voui4^Mi].>n(Ul«Ku» . l'> l>i> iliiuKbiari 
MtKHaryAitiiWAlkcrot'LiinveaM.WwiOil'Ii.-ri 
irtWr. T. K,Th»f(*, I'.B-S-.byl'eofBuoclii. «- 
lIcoiletMn, aiid lij Vr. C II. Xw; laur'Dt. 
* Sot 1m ScbittM biluuiiucui M tui 1a PuruQliii:.' 
AduiIu d* Cliiin. cc de I'byi. 1S33, liv. 33-1 ; 
LaniuM*'* iJirt- roiiartiil. uri. ' PamtlinB ; ' Per- 
»Dniil Lifn o( l>r. Llvinpiimi', by Dr. W. O. 
BUikit. IHNU, p.iHim, contamn «»rrinil lirtun 
Irtno lAni^H'toat to YoDDg . Sotnprvillo's (tuurji* 
8q«an>, tiUdgoir. IHDI. fp. IHI. ItTl-^ 3Si; 
Yonrng'* ovd pn[vn i llrwirt tif Triol LoTtc* th« 
LanlJulka licamtl in lil« Adiim . . . Mr.utd 
Mn. CitllMuta . . . imnin*t M«i*n Rvmti ft 
Son. >S Ji^y-1 Auif. 1893; R*part o( Jury 
Trul. Biuiay& Co. agiiiml Tli« Clydudals Ch»- 
minJ C.I.. I Sir. to\ >'OT, 18«0; lUporl of 
Ttisl. Youim I". i''i"nii', in Cfianccry, bi^fcro V'icc- 
Ct«acrllor Stnntt. l^^Ci; lUpoit uf nii Appml 
im tlu llou*« of Lordii, i'rrai« v, Yuuiijt. All 
.ihwl f ptiHn contain ft lolgp n mount of ncu'itlillc 
cridnK* vilh r«ituil tu |ir«Tiou« procoon imd 
tlM VMhing of Youdjc't prucrxn lor ihu mnnnfuc- 
t>i«of [oniffin.] P. J. U. 

YOUNO. JOHN (1514--LO80), mutter o( 
P«tpbioka Ilnll, Ciinibriditr. burn iu KjU, 
M aud to luvu bcL'n u iiulive uf VurhflnK. 
JIb wu educittcil Bl L'uiabriJue, wli«r« li« 
irndaated B.A. iii isa5-';. M.A. iii 1MH. 
mid B.D. in I'rK. Hit wmi (-1m:I>'<1 fi-lli>u>* •>■' 
St. John's CoUrgi' ill l-^3ii, but an Ii1 Dvv. 
IMS lie w»* ncimiimt^i] by thv cbiirti>r of 
foiindation lui oriKiiinl mi-mbur u( Trinity 
CoUcKr. Kuti-T nllnbuli-i tu liiui tbi> Ivuuru 
of a number of miuorecdmiusiicsl iiret'er- 
■neiili betwi-iiu lu3(] and lu4l.i, but ibti niune 
waH luo coiumoti <■} lu&kii iuit crtainiypo*- 
Mbli*. lift Wat oii« of till) vril.ncMi;! pri'jDiit 
at Uardi n>>r*it fsmoiiii iprmou at Si. Paul's 
on 1 July 131^, nud iu Juui! 1510 Ivuh pnrt 
on tlw oitholic Mdu iu ibt- diBpiitatiuiiH 
Wfora liiilley oC Cumbrnlgi-. A )v».r lulvr 
lie «nw uiw uf tbi? dutputatiU agaitut Iiuc«r, 
ttliuro b« lulieviiucutly uIlackiMl in a courm 
of luctuR* ou Tioioiuy, and in February 
1M0~1 h* u-iM acGUK-d bafOTB thn jirivy 
council of »r.irrinK up oppMition to tba king ft 
rcligioiu proi:!;!.^!!!!)^ On ^jliNov.BndSIlM. 
foUovrinit bo louk pari iu llie diapututiuns 
on the LucUarial iu Ocil'* aud 8ir ItiL-bard 
Horuon'g liou*L-!. 

■ Ai Q'lueii Marr'* aei-fjuioo Young'ii »er- 
vicmin b«liatfi>f tii» olil rcbaion wcrerpcog- 
niMd by liiR ccvnlinn a* l).t>. nt (.'nmbridjrc 
in 1&63, LDCorponiiion at llxford iin \i .\pril 
Iftfti.andnppoiniintuiusiniufisroflVmbrolH-' 
linll, Cnnibridgt, uu Itidltry'v drprivnt lou, 
ttud caoou ul' £ly iu mcui^Bdiuu tu Maltbirw 
Puker iU April \-VA\ lie •»&* vio^ 
elMncellor of Caiubriil^a from li!i3 to li'i-Vi, 
.wlwa bo bacano ngiua pnife««or of diTinily. 



Za thia cnpBcitT lie dclivwed a m'uM of leo- 
tum oiilillcd' tiiarntioiiM Jo«lia propLctm/ 
wliiuli Lb dt^dical^'l to Cnrdinul I'nle, and 
wliicb aro u'>w extant in tbi: Uiiili'inn Li-, 
brary ( UawUiiiiou MS. (,'. 15). llu wo* i>«nt 
i« dupuiit wiib Cmnmer, lliijlvy, aud Lnli- 
mtr at Oxford in l&ul, louk an nulivu purt 
in tbo tDeaauri!* fur n-ducintt bui own imi- 
v«nity to tbc i-atliolic faitli, and ptvucli>."l at 
Si. I'suI's oh U aud •2\ Voh. WM-l, and at 
St. Slary Hpitnl on 20 .\pril. 

AhcT Elicabetb'B ncci^uiou he won dr- 
privad of bi4 mnitcrsUip by ibo university 
vinton on 20 July looji. nud [^omuiiU«l to 

Srinon in the CiJunliT, Wuod Sirwi, lj>n- 
an, for rvfuaiiig lliu outb. Ho waa iraua- 
ffiTed tu tlu* ManluilMn before 1-^74, baiii^ 
lomporarily tvl«ated on 13 June of ibatyear 
on iutety of Or^gwry Vonnjt, kpocm, of ].oai- 
don, probably hi* brotlwr; nrid in ITiTS hi* trail 
allowed to «p«Rd thn •luninRr at Italb fur bi> 
haalth'i uke. Un Hi, Jaly 1&7T be- inrua 
tnuiaCerred to the eiutodv of Llu> di^an of 
Canterbury, but. lUodaana {wrsouioii hav- 
iiifC iiu etii-ct upon hi* religious vi<iwa, lie 
«M ou 18 ¥vh. I'll" 8 commiiiod lo tlio 
uiirii'n'a biinc]]. In I*>80 hn iru lumovcd to 
Wialwcb, whcm ho ia uiid tu have died in 
Uctober of that year. In an inaoriptiun on 
a portrait butoDKinK to Caiubri[lci»UuiT«rut^ 
I Oil. Tudor £jht&. No. 273) be is said U> 
bavu diL'd Iu \'i'if. 

Younj^* various dispiiiationii witb Hucar 
nml otlion <ire< citatit in Curpu* ('liriati 
Coll. Cambr. MS. 102: otheni of o liko 
nat.utv an; ptinttd in Foxu'i ' Actn and 
Mimumenta. Tbe ouly nuparalely piiblialned 
work by Young uppears to bavv li>>(<n hia 
>l>u SvbiiMiiate . . . Hbcr iinu«,' l>iiivain, 
IA;.1, StOi republished l>nuay. 10(1:1 Uo 
iniisl be di«tinpiii>betl frnin John Vnung 
(1M1?-Iii05i q. v.l, moilor of Praubroki* 
llnll, and aftcrivard* bidiop of Kocbi^ttcr. 

(Btsidu tho nnmeniiu BOtliuriti« ciinl iu 
Omiiwr'i Aihonn Caolalir. fi. -IST-K), »a<i Ijl. 
Koumina of Iblwanl VI <koib licit! lo Club); 

DiMcnt'n Actt of tlia Piii'y Couuiril. 1^71 -A pp. 
M3. 3«It. lft;r-8 pp. i. JOS; BHt. Muj, Adill. 
MS. AatS. p. 4:9 ; aai Dixon'* Uiil. Cbunh of 
Ei.(!lii.iil,| A. K P. 

YOUNG. JOHN (lr.31?-Ha»), niaattt 
of Pembroke Hull, Cnuibrid;;L>, aud bishop 
of lIocbrslLT, was burn ill Cbctipsid.', I.OD- 
dou, about liilUt and was •ducaird nt tbo 
Mcrcars" School. Tbenna h« pK)<;i'"ilcd to 
CambriJ^, probably lo I'otnbrokR 1 lull, tho 
odmiuinn raRiatcr of which i* nntextuut, and 
(tritdiinted U.A. in IMI -'2. He was dccled 
felluw of IV-mbrokf in loo:!, and lu ICOfi 
eommeiici^d M.A. i in lo<j I he vuh onlained, 
and in IMS pruvooded D.D. i:iii 31 Au;. is 




IdBiwiMeMM. Si 

MB* €t Toof wm UanfaC Aad 
fc.*.J m4 Ed«ud Kirfct [«■*■] GabcM 
BamT [q. *.1 and TkosM n«till* {4. v.] 
wvs dccMd Mknn a nsvoM '' ^^ 
YMBf** —■Kiitiiii. aad tk» IbcMir't Itigt 
t» jouag ftm » B B wifa mhit fHt of 
GalKid HAmy* 'LelKt teofc' ytlhhti 
hf tW Ckadm SocMtr. 1W kMt tc>t>- 
■M7, hivwwM^ to Tow's tenhj far ■«- 
cnniif tW ■■■Hiwii of kit npila aad 
CDlWnM n SMBMa'* MMmMa of hiM 
•0 'lutUU BoA' im a» 'ShmfcMfA 
0>bnln',"RaA'^beinc an akbrnnticn oT 
'IbtitMM.' vlueh bMSBw Voog't UUe 
irbn on is FeK luH-li be waa cleetMl to 
the biUiopfic of Ro^Mlcr. 

Yo«og ntained Ua biahoprie far Hon 
tkas » wty aa tM ta aia ; hV waa alnaoat 
i— aJialaly ariactad aim nf th* iMagatoa 
to r a yr a w ot tbo dtsrch of Kn^aad at a 
anoof A diet in Ocmanr, but tlia ar aja c t 
wan abandonca (.4<4< fA l&77-«, pp. ilg, 
«69). Oiil9Feb.l5-«-9rlwd«pri*edbblbop 
Th'jmuWal*oii(l'il3-l&M)rq.v.^iruoom- 
milti^d to liiichargv, aad in Awut 1^1 lie 
waa tWBflwnail hj tha oovkiI Io cono^n 
■ aaai iwa far atopfiag tba apraad of Ikxaan 
oalkolteiNB coiuflumt upon tlin rllona of 
tbajaaiiit* antl •"iniiurj pruvtJi. In 1A84 
WblUift Tminlv uivcdna Bui^Iitj Vouhk* 
tmuulion la Cliiebnaicr ( Cal. State Vapert, 
Dom. lWl-90, plSOI). On -ii ^t. \r**<i 
jEBr) Cbrwioplier IVrtuna Tq. T.l waa y\a/xA 
tft hi* nutody, and on 10 Not. ioUowidk lie 
WM oni! of ilii> buliopa ipecially Ati^fA 
wiUi ihe dutT of MppiManif tbs Slartin- 
MacpreUte tncta. In IS9^ ^ roawdaome 



Torao, JOHN . i:=o?-isso), 

•f Qf«fe at GUigDv. BaMd ton't£ itia 
T— g. e aafar, sna hwa ia Glaaptw aboal 
ITKL Ba —iriMhtail ^ Qlawc'^ fnbw- 
KtT » 1764. oa^MlMg X.A- •■ K«a Oi 
9 JsM 177l1ba WM iMtallad 1 • 1 1 rf 
liiii iiniaatiia T'liii iiiii.i. lai Moavla 
TOT ^fcieM ibJ fonkr laacbtf ^hnat 
Oi«|tin (lT77-fofiri». T.J iiwrnlii 1 
boi a> 'a aMSof gniat huBasr,* nndjU 
laa^ bMitil; witb Hm al«ae«ia «nr tb 
■hiiiMhafilita iif Laeian a^ niMHiafaii 
rBiuns, lift Mtfldflkn y Ck^^wHi 
IM). Ctolaw Ha»ltoa«dk^aahiiacfcB^ 
thip and oratoty, wu a riin bi* aa i i t a ti e 
aympaib; wnb tkai of Baitc < fV«l Tim- 
l«^ebap.Tu.> yflaoq driioatid to Yoaag 

aadhiaconaneGvoMJardiaarit-r-] 'Tb* 
lak of Pklm* and otbar Poma; l»li, a«i 
wiitwg of ' Boner and hia TtsMlaUm' ka 
i«adla how Voang's raadiw of tbe * lltal' 
*^Ti! life 10 ew tj line' (Wiunx, RVfa. 
Titi. 96). A bcp poMloo of Lct(«r liriiL 
in * PaMr'a iMtitn to hi* Kiwfotfc,' vol. iii. 
iaatnlogrrf Voui^wiih wboae Rwlinn «f 
(■nd and bi* athiia^M oT«r the raluc of 
a particle or ibe aablioiiij of a poetical paa- 
n^ the writer wa« decjplr tsipreaaed. I 
aimilarlribulp occura in Ulofr** 'Quarterly 
atti('I« on Locklttit'* '1^ of Sc<nt' (M 
ijtutrtrrly Kener.lm'f.ST, and l.i.xe, /j) 
tni.'i l^tfrt of JaJta Gii»'m LatUusrI, i. 'H 
Younf waa darotad to Ui« claioieal MMa 
cnamoarcd of Kean (Sntxe, fi'fiiiyiiai 
(>« C/u6«,p. 193). AftcrfilUn^hiarbairlor 
nearlr ball a eeatiuT, Yonng died in QUwow 
oB 1« Nor. 1830. 

Od 2u Sept. 1780 YoBMC BtarrM Jmo 
l.amont, daughter of CoUn Lanont 
Kuoekdow, A^lMbir«, who sinrind 
with te\fn chitdcwiL Ilia cldm aon, X 
(1781-lS.U), ivrfTiTi^ the honotaiT dnfita, 
of LL.I). ftom (ilaivawin 1^10; waa for*- 
time chaplain of the Kaai India CoiapaBT ; 




r<an 

M 

i>rn.V 



And dif"! rector of Newdifiiiie, Surrej, on 
18 May 1M2 (Onif. Ma'j. !Ma. ii. lOfl). 
Charles, tli9 fonrtli ^ju (1 J'''IJ-1'^>'^). " 
cIkmichI fohnlsr of Kr«)it pri)ni>s>>, <li>'il at 
nlniipiwon ir IJiw. 18*2 (Vihtkr, ^^Tnni 
Oxiwi. ; 6'™/. Mag. W2'A, pt. i.) 

Although Vounff'n rip« »cbolnr»liip wm 
mainly utilisi-d in hu cUw-ruum, be cuntri- 
butfid MiQie i's1uh))1« iioIvs U DbIiipI's ' Col- 
l«clstiKfi(ir»CAMflioni'(l82Cll. His iiietricnl 
tranf^lnlion if tli-> 'Odes' of '[\rUeu8, and hi* 
int tTHjirit after l>r. Jchii'nn on Itmy'ii 
' Elegy,' DM not of Riuch itc<:iiunl. 

[Anthoritie* in itxt ; infaniiniion from f.me- 
"' u PrnfrMflF ]]irkiK,n, OIm^w, ilr ^'r'. lanni 
lipDO. cli'rii. Hiiil Mr. JaniH Lynibiin), lilini' 
D. Gln'giiw L'uiirenjly : OlMgov SUtn<!aliv 
rioa Albam.] T. 11. 

YOUNG. JOIIX (1:kI-1P25). meMMiiit 
ongmver and kpepor of tli«i Urilitb Tn^titu- 
tton, wni Imm in I7f>li, and Kludind iind«r 
John llapltsrl Smith [t|. r.] Ho bocnmn a 
VPTT »bli! rnitrnviT, working i-^chmiTidy in 
meicotinl, and cxt-cutcd nbaiil i>i)ihty par- 
Inits uf cinlempuniry {KTnuniif^B, fruin piiv 
' UlIW by Iloppner, Lunrentt-, ZolFanr. Ke., 
'A* w«ll MMmoiubjecipl'-cosafier MorlHiid. 
lIofpniT, Payi". nnd nlhcrs. Hig fliinfl platit 
IK tQc pri>n BkIi'' bclwncn 1lmn(rbtnii niiil 
tjtevenfon. iiflcr llorliniir. In I fr'S lie wan 
appointed meuutint onsravcr lt> tin- i'rinci; 
orW»l*fl. In 1813 Young iUCfi-fdcd Valwi- 
liue Given [g. r.] in tlie kccpLTship of tba 
Sriii^h Iu«i>tiition, att nrduous post wliicli 
hip fillf^d with unfailing tact and efficiently 
(intil bi> drnlh. He was hr,nontry nocKlarv 
of tV Arlinti' Brnnvolpnt l''iuid from IfilO 
to 1813, and Uivn transferred bin «rrviw» in 
tlie Baini? rapnt-ity to tin- rival body, tbu 
Arlula' General Ik-ru-volvnt Institution. 
IIb di«d at bis lioiuu in I'ppi-r L'bnrlotte 
SlTMt, Filsroy Sonare, Lond<iii, on " March 
ISiV Voiinif piiblinlipd in I^IR 'I\irtrail« 
nf tlio KmiMTors of Tiirliny fmm ibp Ponndn- 
tion of tfii* Monnrcby to tlic yonr 181W,' 
thirty plati-B jiriiitwl in coloiirn, witb Hnjr- 
linb and French ti^xt ; and bctivueti IH'Jl and 
IH^S a serieaof calnlouueti, illuHlruled with 
«tclungs hy himself, of tlie l^lrnsrenor, Lei- 
'«Mt«r, UUw, AngerstviD. and Stafford 
^1l<viM. 

[Oi-nt. lifac. ISSfl. j, <B8; Bedirriiv»'« DJcl, 
of Aiti'tn: 8ii>itb'«Bnt>>b Mmotinto I'onmiic: 
Pyo'» I'alroDBgF of Briiiih Art.) F. M. OD. 

YOUNG, Sin JOHN, second baronet, 
Dako.^ Li>oAR(lri(>7-l8''>),biirii at Bombav 
on 31 .\n(;, ISOT, wim thn rWt-H noti of Sir 
William Voiin(r. Iif»t bnronpt {rf. 10 Marrh 
1848), by hi* wifo Lwy (d. » Auff. IKWi. 
jwuigoti daughter of LivutMuuit-coloni'l 



Charles Krrdnick. He was educated at 
Eton, and matriculated from Corpus Chfiali 
Collf^, Oxford, on l.t Jiinel^JIl,)tradiiating 
It.A. in M'SQ. On 2tt .Inn. \fi-JS> Iin was ad- 
milted to Lincoln'* Inn, ami in 18.14 licwaa 
ralM to Iho bar. On 19 May H^Sl bn wna 
rt^anipd to parlinment in tbu toij intmffi 
for ihu county of Curan, and nlaint^d bin 
beat until 18IV>. Uia political tiwawen 
Diixlerete, end he gave a g^oeni supuort to 
Sir ISobrt Vrn\. Whnn Ppel look olUce in 
1*41 Young wnii nppointiii a Ion! of iho 
trwomry on 16 Sppt.. and on 'J\ May 1R44 
bi! becaniH one of the nfcrdnries of llio 
treanurr. On the oierlhruw of ISx^l'ii mi- 
nistry lie renigued oflice on 7 July ISIB. 
Vuder I,ord Aberdwn he became chief secre- 
tary for trvlnnd on SA Doc. l>V^'i, and was 
nominated n pticy councillor. On 20 March 
lS5i) be ri'»ij{ned Ibo IriiJi «*retarT«liip on 
bi'inc o|ipoiuled lord luKb corominiioner of 
tbe louian Islands, and on 'Jti March was 
gaiettedO.C-M.n. Ileconiineucedhiidiitieii 
on 13 .Vpri] I83-'>, and found himself immo- 
dialidy at Tariancti with llie i>'preM.'nlatitii 
anwrnblT. which bii nivdpiinwor. Sir IlenitT 
Ororge Ward [ii. v.], hod aliui found dilBciJs 
to conciliate. Young was not in »Tinpathy 
with tb»> de«ire of ibe innjoriiy of tliR in- 
habiiaiit^ for union with (Jreece; and in a 
de*pAtcb to tbf coIoTiial j^ecrelarv, Henry 
l,aboiirhf(rr> {nftirwanli Ilurou "Taunton) 
[ n. T. ], deti'd 10 Junn IS.'iS, be recommended 
that Corfu nnd 1'bxo ibould Iw converted 
into Hiiglish colonies, with tbe consent of 
tlieir inhabilanls. The despatch wax xtolpn 
from (be colonial offic« and jrablidicd in thn 
'Daily Nfws" towards ihe close of lS/>8. 
This mixfoTtnne rtmdcrpd Young's position 
impowiblc. and iu tho Mmn ynar (ilailstune, 
wbo bad been »'nl out ni biifh commissioner 
i-xirnordiuury, reeommendi!i] Young's recall. 
He gave slrouK le^Iimony. however, to tlie 
mild nnd concilialory nature of Youog's 
sdoiiiiislmtion, nnd reconiuiended that lie 
hbould be employed eliiewbi?re. Young left 
Corfu on 2o Jan. IHOfl, and on 4 Feb. woa 
nominaceil K. ('.](. 

On 'J'i -March 1861 he wax appointed go- 
vnmor-general and OOininandcr-in-chirf nf 
tiovi S>>uth Walee, in ancoeasiun lo Sir Wil- 
liaro Thomax Ilenlson [q. v.] Immediatdy 
after hlx arrival hn was persuaded bv tJiJo 
yin-iiiiiT, (Sir) Cheriex Cowper [q. v.], to 
. Tiiii'Eivpur, by nominating lifiriin new mein- 
bers, lo compl the upper hoiiHi of New 
Soiilh Walex to pa« a ineiuurv rrgulating 
the allottnent. of crown lando. Duniaon, b^ 
fore hi> dnpartnre, had refuaud lo aeooda to 
this ninedirnt, and thp oolonifll seorvtarr, 
llcDTT I'clluiin Piunncs IVIbam-Cliiilon, fifUi 



Young 



38> 



Young 



oftbe 



iakm of XewcMtis [q^.^ oa ke«ri 
JDcidft nfBiSnl to Yoaiv tbnr duappio- 
iMiioit. So(m«fte(th>«(|iintioBof bwtnia 
ofa0(M,oa£IIkM.lBOT,hi^ ntarnedloKiig- 
UaJ, >nd wu «Ml«(l O.CB. on 13 Nor. 
1866. 

Youm d«tcnaia«d nn lii* rHuni to «iit«r 
acliTRpothinllifc. ladiiu^ to libwmtMm, 
lu coAMiltcd Obdttme ■« to k eonutittiencT, 
Inrt taaai UbmIT ia iummtaent witb tic 
Ubcnl iMder «■ tke ^uealiaD of ibe ballM. 
InlddStkeMttHrrativviaiBbtTToflcrvdhim 
Uw gontnaniuf of CansiU, wb'ich Kveral 
men of thrir pWtT, indadinK I^ird Mito, 
hid dediotd, beokiiM IIm> Cuiadun poil'ia- 
tnenl h*A imftani the disnitj of ibe office 
bj nduciiw tbe garcrno^* ailary. Young 
accepted ili« poH, •D(l OB 2 Jui. IMS bo 
WBi appoiniod forernor-graeral of CuM^a 
aad ttajwnujr of Prini^n KdwaH'i IsUiid, 
whicb was not annctttl to thn Docoinion 
until 1^3. He readied Ckiudk towardii 
tbeend or!7oraaber,aadfeinidtlie rebi-llion 
ori^oiiU Itiel[q.v.] lapro^TCMonhiianival. 
It WM not tnppnmii until September IS'O, 
wbcn Uirt aid into tbe Uniiod Stntr*. On 
90Oet. Yontw wm eralod fUmn I.ia^r of 
LItgar Biid BaiUkborougb, eo. Oivnn. itn- 
aignioK bia poet iu Junu IS7S, be nlumcd 
to iRlaad, Imi inK bebind bim is CautcU a 
npBtation for abilitr aud aouiid jud^^eat. 
Ha dud at I.ingar IIoiif>e, Itaillieboroiurb, 
onGDrt.lS'e. On r> Aprill'^Sdbemamed 
Ailcliiiilo Annnbi-Uit, dniishtvr of Edward 
Tuiie UaltoQ bv his nifo Olivia, altonmrda 
Han:bioii«<uof'lK>adfort. Ladr Liwar mar- 
ried, ■vcondlv.SicFrBiictvi Cha^vt FoTlGMU* 



1 



I YOtFHO, JOirs' .181! 
ecooomist and Bioitt*? oi ; . 
boni at Arr in Scotland on 4 Jiatcb 18117 
and vaa rilantcil in the pariafa adboci. Ht 
swM to Canada in lu* fiftemtb vear, osil, 
after a »bort war in ibe weatcmproviiier, 
tnored to Qneber, and entered the oSm if 
John Toraancv ft Co. Nine jean lalerW 
«a* taken into nartnenbiv, and tndid io 
Qaebee till IB4], wban b« |iraoe«M U 
Montreal a* one of tbe firm of StefAen*. 
Yonaf, ft Cik Be anoascd n f.irtuae, ni 
•pent tbe reanainder of bin davi in MoninaL 
A ri-prE«Miiat)oa to Lotd GotToid m to tic 
unquiet atat* of Lower Canada, lasiwtiiw 
tbe fonnalian of a mluRtivr rorev^brouctn 
him into notice in 18.'i5. Oa the bnwkiu 
out of thr rrhellian two Trars later he dii 
good tert ice in taiiinf; « R^iimpnl of itiasr 
leer* and taking comtnuid of a (tn^^^H 
In 181S he idemiilted luaMelf witb ^^^^H 
IVsde Atooeiation (HonaealV and B^^^^ 
writbga in the * EoonoaiiM ' newvpaper dsi- 
ing tbe next (bur jears prrparvul the bwdam 
coraaunit.r for the chaofrr of pnliov of 1940, 
vbicb «a« dtfitaMeful io tbe Caneiliaa coUie 

EcnrrallT. ll*- wtm an ardent fn^O'traderall 
i> Mr, but did not belong to the l<iim(i ijTriii 
bmnoh of ibn ncbool. He aaw that thf 
aeparate life and piotmeritTof C^adaaalbB 
American continent depended on cheap ui 
niiick traupOR, anil binit bia energiee lo iti 
devdopnMUt, lO as to enaUn tb-> Brtluh 

firo\-inec« to compete iriib the United State*, 
iontieal with ^ew Yorlt. The daeneniD^ 
of Lake St. I'cter'a, wbkb eanUao ocmii 
steamer* to aacend to Montival. tbe nOmT 



Turville of Bo^wonh Hall, Li^ioesterabirv. line to PortlandlMainet.'wbiGiigiveiMoDt'- 

Lingar left no iunc, and on bis death the ""' -' - -...-. 

boran; beoane exiinci, whiln the baronetcj" 

duconded to faianophev, Willinm Xe«d Aliia- 

ton Young. Young"* portrait wax engntvml 

bv George E. I'erine for tbe ' Et^leclicUofa* 

sine ■ in 1S72 (New York, sv. 120). 



[BeikoV FVerscv and nironRlafce. •.r.'Toimg 
of Jdullitl-oronKli; ' Bobbb'i Modern Bioffr. »t. 
'Liigiir;' Wiinl'ii Mm «i tho Rpipi, I88j, k.t, 
'W»(tiif;" Vottrr'* Aliimm Oitm. l7IA.ItMe. 
B.T. ' Yuuuff : ' llnyiinV Book of Dignitlcf. ed. 
Ockrrby; Offlrinl Rcinrn of MpihIiopk nf I'ar- 
liamont; Rri'onli of L-ncuIn'* Ihti. 1896. ii, 
III ; Kaor Ye.irs in lbi> h<niAn Intiindn. I Slit, i. 
208-29; I)Hnn'» Inntan liliindi in wUtioii to 
Onntt, III6U; RdsjiI]'* lliit. of AuMmlio. 
IMS, lii. Sfi9-e4: LmiiK:'h Hi>t, of New South 
WaW, 18:6. i. 409-SO; rnrkci'i Fifty Y«in 
in :ha Uaking of Aiutmlinn lliiiorr. tmS; 
DeDt'i l.A»t Fori; Yoar*, 1881. ii, W'-S. S\6 : 
Pbpe'ii MnidOir* of »\t J. A. SlncdoniiH, IBB*. 
Tol. ii.: Itenl's Canadian Foilmit Qnllorv, 1R8I, 
Ir. 40-1.] E, I. C. 



real a winter port, tbe line fVoia UontMal 
to Kingoton, which aecuies the trade of lie 
ireit, and the junction of iIm line K 
of the Victoria Bridgi? in IHW, ow 
be (Mcribed to Young, lie woa t 
advocate LkeiriMtof oanal imnroivinat, 
the enlargement of tbe Weltoiid. St. 1 
mnco, and T.achine canala, a work ca 
onl according to hi* ideai ooIt in Isle V' 
anda cunitl to conii**1 l.akeC'lu[np]8in 
the St. Lawrcnw, which prmuinji a iic»i 
ralum. Itv I8AI be hod ^ined to bi^ 
tKwiiion in public eotimation that, on t 
formntion of the HinckvMoein miniMrv, ' _ 
waa offered the commiMonrnJiip i)f piibltfi 
works, with n scat iu tbe cabinii^, though be' 
bad never Ml in parliament. He a«ee|rt«d 
the portfolio, and aiKnaliaed bii ahottU^^^ 
of office bv orgntibing th» Canadian i^^^^^k 
at I'le exhibition of that vear, bj suli^B^P^ 
iteamfLhipe beiwet'o Montreal and LivetpwC 
and bringing togeilier the tntereotonial tail- 
ynj GwatCBCe. He wiibdnrw [torn tbi 





Young 



3«3 



Young 



Kitiuslnrin IS&3 bccMtuelbe premier Jiopoecd 
dinVin-nlint tolls uu Ai]i<.-rii!tin9 usiiig i)i-.- Ck- 
Badian cuibIb, nn net which was in hi* ryv* 
' shcHt-siKliKd nnd miwcUieTou*.' KlfC1«l 
in 18AI,hi> coiiiiiiiii<d lo Fnrrn hit conitti- 
tODiic^ till IWi7, irbrn bit rvlirtil from jiar- 
lukiiK-Dt on accouttc of ill'lKaJUi. He wu 
BK>in t^liou-n in 187'.', t)ut resiifiivd two 
yunn After. He wot tli<^i appoinUd in- 
tptdot ftl UoBtr««l an<l chuirman of thn 
^Mtbour conmiMinn. At n Istrr dote lin 
UpS \h« atRcif of )ira>idviit nf the board of | 
HKAb. For tnanj j-cars be had milGnvd fntm 
an affoctioD of the heart, and li« di«d on 
IS April lH:t*. 

Vouni; u'nn a liberal in fmlllics and a 
Uiltarian in religion. Hi* rhiaf wricintp 
wttKt: 1. ' Letl«r In i)ii' lino. F. l^mieiix 
an CanadUn Trndn and NarijpittoQ,' Mi>nt- 
ml,lS-'i4. 2. ' Kivnl Ilmitm from tlif \Ve«t 
totholJccan/Uoatntal, ItW. IIi' aUo cfin- 
tribuU-d iKTViTTal nrltdn to the ('ij^htli «^i- 
tionof tb(!'£ii(.'vi.'Ir)pibd>aSrit«iinicii,'iiisned 

'J. v.- 

ffcyUirV Pottmil* d( BriliA Amptioins, iL 
t7T ; Ilani'* Cnniulian Ponntic Gallrr^. h.t. ' 
'YMinq:' Dvnt'a Ouiitdn kiiiiv Tha L'nion, i. 
2I5.1«. 67«. ii. llS-0. S53. 403 : fUtinj'i Scot ; 
i» ttritEili North Amorim. ii. SlHkt ; Ihiniiiiiori ' 
Add. !{•')!<■'''<'■ IHTd. P. ^76: AomudIs and 
I'Hprnnl. of C.) (tlCuWi**. 19-14, sxxi. lid: 
nincb'x BtminiiKi'nM^ pp. $03, lOS-lT. 322-:i, 
MS, 3T8, Uii Kinnford't Canndina Ouiali, 
pp. 18-81.86-30.) T. n. 11. 

YOnKG, JOHN" KADFOIU) (178l>- 
1685), innlhpmalician. ' bom of liuinblH 
porcnta ' in London in April 179ft, «■«» 
almost entirtdv rrtf-educiiteil. Ai an carlv 
age lie beaimeiic(|Liaiiiled withOlinthiufiil- 
burt Oi*gorviq.v.),wliop<'rci'ivrilhiiimiilhr- 
imtieal abiliiT, itnd nuiitrd hire in bis 
ItudiM. In 1k23, wiiiln botdiiiK " po*t. at a 
privatal'lrlnblUb^l<^nl for Ihf deaf and dumb 
in Wiilvronh iCfind, hi- |>iibliBlied ' An Bl«- 
mmlnr^Trratisr on Ati;i»br!i' (London, 8 Tol, 
witli a dfdipatiou lo Urojrorr. An .\tiinri> 
oin vditiunaupear^ilatPhiU^Mphiiiin l&tS, 
and • woond HnKlUb adilion in IH.^1. Thi* 
tnatim vtw followed by a ■n'ie!! of el«- 
tteotarr wnrku, in wliii^b, foUovtng in lbi> 
n«|s ot Koberi \\'oodhoti»p [q. v.j, YonnB 
iMidf^Tud important opnii;'' tn Engliftb 
matbcinHtieal (Iiidy hy finni!iari*ing Mii- 
dinlii wiUi conlinvnlnl mi'Thndii of iinalyiiL*. 
In 1833 fa* wos appnintrd profriuor nf 
DWl hematics nc ll-rl&ut (!aUp([i?. In 1S49, 
on tlwt ojMTiiiiiK of (Jucon'i L'oUpirf, tbu pn-*- 
bytfrian pnriT vrbich contr-iUed th*- pro- 
bworial nofmnatioiM prevmled Young's 
iMppointment as profemor in llie neu- «tra- 
UiabDMiit. Prom Iliat timo bo derott'd hini< 



Mlf more ctimplelelr to lh« studv of mntlw^ 
maiicaf analyaie, and madp st-nvnl origiuil 
difcovnrii-j. In liM7 li* ptibluliod in lliv 
' Transnctinnti of ibo Cnmliritlf p I'liitotopbi- 
cal Socicly " a papvr ' On tlm Frinciplv of 
Coiitintiiir in ruffm-Dce to certain llaaulca 
of AnaKaie,' and in ItMS in llle''^^uua(^- 
(il>ll« of tlra Ro;F*I Iritii Atademy' antpw 
■fin an Kxtoniir'n of n TlicorMn nt Huler.* 
An narlr as IStI bn bad dtwoTOrmI anil 
publlsbfd a proof of Nuirtun'* roln for do- 
tenniniiijt the niuiilwr of imaginary root* in 
an iMjiiation. In 1806 lie eomntuted liii 

Sipio^ p»bli*biag in * The Philaaophical 
ilnantin«' a di^monat ration of a priMiiple 
which in bis cartiitr ponur be bad a>snni«d as 
axiomaliv. In IWiS iih cotitribuliHl to th» 
' i>n>oeediu^ of th*- Boyal Irish .^oidMuy " 
a memoir * On ibe Iiuaipnarv Itoota ot 
Xiimcrirnl l'V|iialinns.' Veil iig died at I'Mb- 
hnm on ^ Mnrrb l^->, II o wwj married and 
l«ft isnif. 

Basidiii the works nlrcndy mnntionrd 
Yuuiig'a principal publicatioiiK wrrr: I.'Klc- 
menta or G*>)i»fl.rv,' London, 1*'27, IL'mo. 
2. 'KlnmnnM of Aiinliltonl tteomclrv," 
London, 18:!0, ISmo. 3.' -An Klenietila** 
Kswtv on ttip Computation of I^ogariihRifi,' 
l,oud(m, IKIO, l:.'mi), 4. *Th<t Klrmenls of 
iLh DiffyriTilittl (.'alculiis.' London, 1&31. 
I'^mo, ■*'. 'The Elemeiiia of the Int«Rral 
Calenlu*; London, I83I. 12mo. 6. 'The 
Elements of Mecbatiieit, compreheuding 
St«tic» and l>;namirii,' IjOiidoii. 188^, l^o. 
7. ' Ktnmonln «f Planr and S;>li'<Tical Tri- 
ironoactry.' I^ndon, 1S.T;}, IJmo, witli 

' '^ntn Original 1tcM«rcbr« in f^pliMicnl 
(ieometry,' bv Thoinaa Slepbima l>a*iM 

' [q. v.], aptiended, 8. 'On tlie Tli*ory and 
Solution of Algebraical Equalioii«,' Londuii, 
1P35, I2mo; 2nd edit. ],oiidoo, I»4;j, Svo. 
I>, ' Miilh«nintini1 Diui'rtatinnt for iLe L'ae 
of Students in lb» Mndf^m Annlyoi",' Iion- 
don, 3811, y»o. 10. * On the (i™'pml I-rin- 
I'iples uf .\ualysis. . . . I'nrC I.; Tlio 
Analytic of Xumxricul Equations,' London, 
18fl0, f'vo. Xo more parts aupeand. II, 
' An Introdiictorj- Trerniw on .Men sural ion,* 

I Belfast. ISsV), l'.>ino. 12. ' An lolrodiiclion 
to .Attirbra nnd lo tW Solutinn of Niiin«^ 
rical Kiiuntions,' I^indoii, 1$AI, \2iua. 
13. ' If iiijimentnrv 7Wti«e nn AritJimclic,' 
l,,ouii(>n, liii-W, *iv'u; lOlb tdit. im2. U. ' A 
Couippndioug Course of Mnt hematics,' Ivuii- 
don, Ifi'W, »vo. 16.'Tlj^ Tbory and 
IVactiee of NaTtjTalion and Nautical AbIto- 
nomt',' l,,ondon, IBTiiS, Rvo: new edit. \S92. 
IQ. ''I'bu Uu«aic (^iiniivnny not "adverao 
to Moilera Scienop,"' London, 1601, Svo, 
17. ' Scienoa eluoidaiire of Scriptnm and 
not aclagoniatio to It,' London, 1803, Sra. 




h CSi tk«v>> ariUlL 

MU£^liB ISA^ w^ik titto if* Ah 
AMhM of tW riudfifa* of ? 

I— i M c fc i» ih> eoflign by faMJig & 1777 



c to •■ M iaJi a nniM i| ib 
(vitkot titl»f^«}. now hi ikB^U^ 



loHj.MwcaMkpUliMOfUalMeHtjwkicb , oa Uie Ijlcaf: 'Tliis work »» phnud M 

llKj{»fmafihc[taj«IIn«bAcidBUT. tW eetk^ mM, bat neriT pnUuM. Tht 

,.i-. ._!_»• bwbof irf tefcw lite wockwa* ■nTrt|rV'^, 

■ad. It it Mid, tb* praaen BMnbtn of tfae 



To llw IriBTTimx oftbi* bodj Voanf 
lrib«t«d MTtnl Mpcn, cUdlj oa adolilc 



MtJMU, b«t '^^"''"^ OM Upon aaciMit muvcnntv took iU tbe cm tkr co«U t* 



Young 



38s 



Young 



(>t«v«al any Mipy frofn seeioK tbe lieht, on 
nccoiini or ii4 »u|if>OMd lie't^rodoiy? TbH 
impiiliiririn may btve bmn croundod upon 
Yi>iii^'*op(niMi,*3[iro)«edinnupn>rMr,ihat 
' Itie mod probibla nctiM to aforrtain the 
!tmD meaniiifc ia to eniU«Taiir to ducover (be 
i^prioiiliTeatu] original imibf. vrithoot mixing 
)«4r confound iae it with thai wlikb ■< mercly 
Annitdar^ or njniralivdi' nU», perliap*. ua 
his iloninl that Pnlnuxiii. ana zl. «ttii b« 
inttirprvtnl aa jirnplwlic ofCbrirt. Il« wan 
iKUic! I lie IcM A Brm bnlictvr in CTbmlianitj, 
nnd nt the timeofluiidffttbwaspm-pariiiKBti 
«B»By iMi ' Sopliisuii,' illaslralnl by vintapln 
[ftum ajiTiclinsltau wrilifrs, A mom impor* 
>lftiit work ill pcvpantioti, irhich tnuat bave 
IbMn ot gttM nliw, waa bia 'MeUiotI of 
^*riiiM aM t'ltiiDfltc Ratio*, illiulraiml hy 
m Comment on th« " Principin,"' in I.alin. 
il« publication vru up<«tnl nfli^r hii death, 
')nit it n«ver aiipfarvd. Two purtrnilii of 
'V'ociDii; arv iu tliv jirovosi't bousv at Trinity 
.Collwr, Dublin, sud a biut in prewrvHl in 
Ybelibran. 

[Jlanl'i Hilt. «r the Church of IreUnl, it. 
742-9; Grill. Xne- Ilrennbor ISWO; t'DOtml 
'N^mion by (lt» Krr Dr. I^lrington ; Mernuin of 
"Bjiatj, tmiir Morsnn ; priTata infunulioa fran 
itbe Itor. W. boll Wright.) R. Q. 

YOUNG. I'.UUirK (l.VH-I(W2).ljibli- 
<al writtr. fifth Mil <if Sir TrtHr Young 
fq. T.] <it SmIoii. and of bii fint irifii. Kliut- 
fcrth Gihb, waa born Bt tfcoton, forfanhirfi 
XnoC UaddingtOiubin!, an ii stated in Cham* 
ib*n'* 'ICininent Sci>1«iu«n ' ), on 'JV Au([. 
'liSM. IIo wan rdncatcd at St. Andruwi, 
^mdnalinK U.A. in 1(103. In that yvm he 
nccoiBfKDiL'd hi< father to Ix)ndou in tb« 
train of Jamea \'l. and wm nppoinlml libra- 1 
riaii and tecn<lBrv to l>r.<Iouri(c Lloyd [q. v.], 
btfthop of Ch06t(-r. Un U July IGOo he nai 
in<»rporat«d at Oxford, and, takinj; holy 
4>rdon>, «-a« niada » chaplain of All SuuU' 
4^lefrr. l-'ni la Winn th«pzampIo of bis grand - 
wncla Henry Scrymiipnur [a. t.I, h« deToted 
jliinMrlf «]iecialty Iu the uludy of (irvink, and 
tit«ame owe of the most. ptoHcieni anholar* 
ol his litne in thni laii^uno*^. Kemovinff to 
L>>nilon, hii was etuployM at the I'uurt m 
«orm>nond(>iit with lor«i(^ rtil"r», the dipio* 
mnliruiifr^ingn tlisn being Luiu. On I Au^. 
tfUti he wrole to Itaae CaMnbnn in rans, ' 
•ending bim bookn and urifinK him to alndy 
Str&bo {Ctitaidoni Epiitoto', No. ciii.J ' 
ThrouKl) tbe int^rmt of Dr. Hichard .Montaan 
{().r.},bi«boporBa[h and WvlU, hv Dbtnined 
AD aiiniial peu«ii)n of Wl., and btld the ofiice 
tneetmiveij <ti librarUD to Prbce lleiur 
(HiRCR. p. 161), JafliM I, and ChariM I. 
In IU13 be lield B pntbcod in Cbetlvr Catb»- 

TOt^ LIlll. 



dral under bii patron, Bisbop LJoyd (Lb 
Nki 1;, Fatti, iii. :;rO|. In liJlT ho wunt to 
I'orli, furaiabod nilb Irtien from C^aRiden 
tlie biitorian {hU fatiierain'.iniitlG friend) to 
the leading Frvoch literacy men. Un 9 Jan. 
lt>l>f hv was madu > butnMOf Dundee along 
nitb hi* vouiiwr btotbr, Dr. John Youn^ 
(l.%SA-lti.{5), ^anof Wiii«LMt«r, tli« «ntrf 
in biirgeta-roll dexfribing him sa'atiperai- 
tendcol of the kins'* library,' and rvcording 
(hat the freedom of the hniyh wai pren to 
him * 00 account of hia moI for the cotnman* 
weal, and for ibe mode in wbicb he boa 
niunifictmlly incn-a^ml (be titirary of tha 
burgh.' I( hM b«en naaonably Mppo»ed 
that many of (be bnok* and mnoui^Tipla 
U'hioh Henry Scrynifrronr hail bir>|ufalhcd 
to Sir IVier Youtia »"rre confcnvd upon 
Dundee at ibis lime, siid were pla«cd in tha 
vestry of the church of St. Hvy at Ihmdeo; 
but, M (bat Mlifice waa loiallv deatroyed by 
fiT* in 1841, all ihe«« islua&te documenla 
and book* ir(in> loM. 

.About tbia time Yonnjf irajL nnf^agod in 
mnkiiiK a I.Atin tnuulation of tho iroTke of 
Kiittt James, but bow far the Latin edition of 
Jamea I'awurhs ihat appvared in Itil9(LoD- 
doUi fol.) wu» Yuunga work in uncertain, 
lo 16^ he WM iiicoriioraied M.A. of C'am- 
bridi^ and in Ifil'I (jo liecame nr^hendai; 
nnd tr^atiirer of St. Panl'ii ('athnaral, and in 
Iti^ltroiappninteil Latin iccretary by Hiihop 
|aner«atd*.\rcbbishop) John Williams 'ii.tT] 
He WHS oloo mode lector of Uayea, Middlo- 
pei, in 102!!, holding (he bvurliei^ until hia 
»miup8traliou in i'Mi bv the ^^'l.-«1 is luster 
•taetnbly, and rector of LlnnynvA, Ihicbigb- 
»hire. 

Young wm one of the learned men mleeted 
bySeldim forihe examination of (bo Afund^ 
lian mniblei, and hia n-putaiton oa a ocholar 
waa K> givat that lien'aA t-nlrualed w!(b thu 
revitiun of lL« Alexandrian codex of (ho 
SeptuA^al, and auggeated various rvadinm 
to Grolinsand I'Mthfir. He proposed to pub- 
lixh an edition of thin mannicript, and Uiucd 
■pecimen poKci, hut wni compi'lliid to abnn* 
don the project, though in liiGi hii'nnno- 
lattones' were published in roL (I of Mrian 
Walton's • Poljglol Bible.' In 1633 hr uub- 
lishrd at Oxford ' dementis od Corinlhios 




epiatoU prior,' drdirntw! to Charloe I. Th« 
Of«ek toxt ia from a ninnii>(-rii>l Sir Thomas 
RM~rq. T.} bronght from thn Koit and gavo 
to Charks t, and Younft adopted the cxcel- 
knt plan of printing in red (be addition* 
necesHirr to fill in the lacunai in the MS.: 
other editions appt>arvd in I6A4, llo, and 
ItfTO, 6to. tie MO prepared an edition of 
Cl«4nent's two apistit*, with a 1 jliii trans- 
lation, which appr-urvd in 16S7 and again in 





iMddcr to ik> ckmfc « 

k Mjr Oia ha MEB. 

[A ftdl acinimt s/ Yomk siA •*« om bvt- 
*mI iMtm to and fnxn !>«. «m MkAfcakj 
J. XMit> !■ MM U put ll«(IM«(l>'^tlMBni- 
1«« WiBua^iip^ibifttifcM AA(ii». 
BM«n. Bm alM 8*itfc'i Tit* ^mk BmSl ci 
lUa<tr.Viromi(i;07); HortYaaic'-P^TM^r 
IinDi»l'rHrPKt*Y««a)E<MKmMi'nSM); La 
Sn>'< FuU e«L Ai^ (d. Hudj : L>n^ US. 
Mf,! ISH; Add. MS. I»;i. r- IS.^: I'uMtr* 
Alaant Own. l«0-171t; J. C^nvlfOoi Eni. 
Th> II>cv. lOa. wm. rr-ciL ; Wlkr'* Boll of 
Knfncnt B m i u i M of thoid**, p. lOT : Ch«Bi- 

IwVi RaiMDt Srot«nua (wl. lli:!>, iii. fidS ; 
Itrit. Mm. C*U *k*. 'JuntuH, I'Mririv*,' the 
iMinnnI Innnof hu naaw«UvliT«mi;fu!opt(d 
in k» wnliB«iL) A. It. H. 

YOUNG. Sia PKTEIt (ir,M-162ft), 
tul'rr I'l James VI, vms tbc hvowI hid of 
■)i>]iii Yoniif , ImigeiBOf EditiburKh nni) Dun- 
iliw, and of Usri{«rnt, daughter of V\'altcr 
lU r y iunvou t ot tilaatwell, Mitl wna boni at 



ha* btlatr wttlnlm 

Wak»dai-F> 

(b«MUrx. iolnV«^« 

■«. Jita (IMS-UU; na fwmt d 

Ah- ef tW biw *• fmr 

VI.«adM2SD<e.UDl 

BaUUttaMab 
to vtaek baOT Mn^ 

L*'^' X- '■■J 
•riacainjai ibDaJw 

d f— fca ll j- watricakhd 

t* aniswtT, tunvh aa mori 

ikotT haa bcrn foeai 

l«4 fcryai oC Dvndit 

MwiUCT,' a tkie ei- 

WaaaaOTaTuta. U Uffi 

to iW r i wr«Mi lo CTfMtfc* 

Btk ea»arUt«Bd(^IlM7 

'«. T.l br wfaoB b« VM tatBB- 

£a4^ B», tks liufcauirf 

daahcf at Owpva. Ouiiaaua arwa* wf- 

MiMadW tka ■Mrh' liNnded dMir of did 

t' aa Gtwn n UaS,aBd Yowv R»M 

«uk kia wia n IH8 ba fMsnud M Sm- 

Uia ii|taiin« aa « acli<dar ww la 

rindarortWwaJBt J«Mcs VI akug aii& 
PiiHi Baefciww (|£0^I^«^) [q-'O *• 
BniMaMa wm thm kdTanced in jwit ■■ 
ia fwfcaMi tkai ik* ck«e/ afcanc of MaiUa; 
lk*btbai luagfHlitpaB YooBg: andbM 
l«f » f T> d in in «onn1iBnMit«iT laraw id Uo- 
cbinan'i ' £|iutolK. Fmin tbo arawat gin* 
bt Air Jotna Mdrillc of JlalhUl (JVnM*. 
I7SS cd. p. mi), Li apwan that vlule Bo- 
cfaaaaa was 'wiw anil aliarp,' Voting "^ 
noTvof ibvconnicraml ' was loath toofliai 
tb«Iiii^ataii7liBM',carrTin(:liiiiu^«wilj> 
aaa nan who bad ninil i>f hi« own «aal»f 
ItaapBg of hit mwaty '* brour.' Tbia Uir 
lada won tbc' anection of Uto 
Youni; wai liii CiTounte mi 
tbc kiiii[# dMtb. An intcreating 
tdocation of llii^ kifw wa« ducoreraJ 
l)ritikhMuwiiin(^<W(. J/& 3137<^)ul 
in iltB form of n fr>gro«nt of ibv kiaf't 
booka iiTitiai ia Yoims> ha lulir riling, la- 
I«rnimpd viih cxNcttaa faj tb« tafil 
pnpn. Tbi« naooKTipt «-n> publvW i* 
tlio ' 3li*ce1)an^ ' of tli« ScotlUh MuttX} 
Soctclr in 1803, vith notes li; Mr.Gcorg* 
Warner. 





Young 



387 



^'oung 



auer, sail kc«t«1 numcruiia nifts nnd 
I)"iiuioti«, M'Tcnl of wbicli uie ri^cordcj in 
till- neU of parlucnenl. In Au^u^t IGNt liv 
wn> Kmt nn liU fintrinbnssv (0 Frvdijrick II 
of Duiimnrk ' lo tmiit on buiinrM concernini^ 
Otkiiey,' nn-l hr wns «> »ii«7c»*fiil ihnf on 
Ilia reluni lie '"•■■ii admitluil to ihn privy 
touucil (7 Xoi-. loM). Fnini thill dntt- until 1 
July )IV.'2li<^ vtHa fuitlifiil uiti^iidunt at tbL> 
mnulintr* of ihn cnuiicil In June JGb7 lie 
wo* tnnt with Sir I'alrick Vans [ij. v.] of . 
Bamhnrrucli oil 11 iwconil pmbasfty to T'en- 
DMrk, jiarllT in ooam^cli'in ^yilJl l.li" qumlioji 
of tliF Urkiiifjs, bat cIiii'Hy to 'spy .Tiiry tiling 
vritli etiriuiin eyee, mid makv Acarvhini; in- ' 
qiiiry rpjEHnlitig the kin;;'* dau(;lit<:T»,' witli 1 
II viiTiv 111 the nmrringi.' of one ni tln-m with | 
Jntui-* VI. In tho roynl ar<.'liivi'>i of iJeii- | 
nwrk ot ('ojmnhinfn tlnTii ht^ niimerfiiis I 
letlen> ffim I'ounjt. ind uUo from i''n'il<iiirk 
|B.Kn'l L'liriatiiu IV, ri-Uiitifi In lbi« *ni- 
j^pwy, wbii'h KFiv ■.•A.amint-d und rrpnrlril 
Bpofi by Pf, W, Dunn Moomy in 18>*0. 
^OiitiK nxximmrniicrl ElirniWlb, tbr eldi4t 
linnitbiiT i>f FnxlprieJc II, «-■ tin' mn-t Miii- . 
able mulcli; but in I5«8 tb' ■'■■ p(iir-.'« for 
tbn liuud of titii {irinccM weni div.linqrl nn 
Bho ' bui beeD DiumiMHl to nnolbor.' It wan 
thta ougfKitvA tint tbc liinii nbonld wnd 
tlie >i?ei:>ud dnnubtcr, tlie IVincMi* Aone, 
but till) duntb k'f Frt'di-rick in I6S8 dolnvvi) 
the ne|i:otiatii>iiB. At k-n^-tli, purly in lAtip. 
Voungi wiu Mnit onct' niuiv lo IVnmtirk In 
Coinpli!lotbciBBrTia^Di>g4tia(ioni>,aiid<iDbis 
THum he snt out with Jnmua VI on 2^ Oct. 
1061) lo Blti^od tbr nitptialu (if thftt nionnirb 
•t Oslo (now Cbrinliaiiin) in Norwdv. In 
1603 PritiCH Ilvnry, tlie ttrat wn of this 
Bsrm^ vrtL* horn, mid anion;; l]u; k-Itcr" 
of Clin»ti«n IV nrcwnfJ ot Copfub«Bi'ti 
tbore i* nnn dot^^d lit May l&'M, &(;hiiow- 
Icdftinf; the nrriTal of Vming nt nniWiAudnr 
sent tu COOTcy official informntion of tliin 
vveul. til laWi, when the king fouml il 
«ic|ii-dii'iil to commit ibn clinrini of his 
amiT« To rielil (.'ouncitlon (li''ncc culled 
tictnviniii), Voiing wus one of (be number. 
Whim JamiT* VI wni. invited lo LleniuArk in 
Muy 1*)96 t(i nttfind (JhriMian's corooaliou, 
but found il inntpedinnt t<i l^avn ihft 
kingdom, bo Kent Lord ()ailvT niid Voimg 
a» his KmbusiuIoTS, nncT Iber wcm aa- 
credilvd by Chri\tinii iti n letlrr dntrd 
6 Ang. i-'iW. Tlio ijuenlion of the »ic- 
CpnioD to ihn thn>n« of Bu^'tuud won tlic>ii 
Affitnticiji tjio mind of J(ime« VI, nncl ns 
hu wiu anxioui to gain ibn tiipport of bis 
brolber-in-Uw I'hciatian, bt> m>nT. I>avid 
UDiu|;)uim, biabop of Abrrdivn, and 
Ling Oti u RpeviiU umbainy for thia piip- 



pono ill lAOi^ nnd tlui king of Dnnmarli's 
mply to thorn, dnird <i Ang. in thot vrar, \» 
Kidl proerved ot CopenUauen. While <io 



prejervi-a ot LopenliaKen. Wbilc <iO 
their wnv thither the HiubiLwadoni met, 
at Itoslovk. David Cbyttivtjs (I.Via-lRDU), 
who liad piibli»<h«>1 an attack on (Juvm 
Alitry, foundfKl prineipnllT on nuchanan'a 
' IVlVclio,' nnd by the king* intiriiciioa* 
Vounc n-mcnultnled with l.'bvlm-ti« nndob- 
tniDcd n rci'Bntiitiun. L)r. Smitb oMctli Ibtt 
when Young relumi-d to ffcullnnd he wrote 
an abridmd ' Life of (jtuvn Mury,' which he 
»cnt toCbjlra'ii". 

Wb«n coRiiniMionm wnm aptxiinl^d in 
I.W8 to report Hpon Itie iintr of tbr> Scott i»h 
uiiivcriiliei. ^'oiiiiK wmt chuwn in one of 
the number, lie Buooiniiunird the king lo 
Luiidun in ItHtS, and h«fi>ni tbey tvocbed 
the capital Jntuea dMirad lo mark his ap- 

Ereciaiion of 'N'niing'a M<rvlci>a by nppninlinj; 
im dnnn of l.iehfield, hut he soon found 
ihut tho ollire wna not iu bin frrc gift. 
Voung relnliied his pout in the royol hoate- 
huld an ebief atinoiier, but TenigiKid his oflice 
of kri.p«r of ihc priry piinie lo tlw queen. 
In November iWM be was inndn iiiri.r and 
' cliipf ovoniiicr' in tho ctlnhliahmcul of 
I'rincn Ch»rk«. Tho latter port «irri'-<i with 
it fiponrion of 'iOO/., whieb wna inercn-ied to 
300/. ivhen Young was knighted on 19 Feb. 
ilKM-fi. In NoTeuibvr lOlii Young was ap- 
pointed miulcr of 3i. Croa» lloapiinl, Win- 
eliesler, A special Itcun^o being granted to 
pc-nnit him to hold tho afficn ttoiwh he wu 
not in holy ordnr* nor rrnidiTit. Kilh<r in 
IBSOor Ifi23 Young desiw^d to' retmii homo 
into Sontlnnd, there to dre whert his bnmia 
may nee hiin buried iu liiu land of his fore- 
rot hen,' and at this liiue the' king e.turt*^ 
binistdf lo procnre lite nitynuiiit of th<i 
iirrearn of pi'iision do*i t'"> Young. l|n had 
piirchusod tb'> c»faln of l-jmter Scnlon, near 
Arbroiith, Forfarshire (noi Haddingtonihin', 
oi Mntnl by (jhiimberal, in I-VSU, iind thrii' 
yenr» ofterwatd* built & mauMUn there, of 
wbich onlv one Btooe, withtlie dale and tlie 
iniliaU ai bimMlfaod bt* tir»l wif--, is in 
extsleiicc, built into llm fBrmboii>n that 
occupies itasite. tn thia pinei- lui upent hii 
declining Tnnn, and here he died on 7 Jan. 
lU'JS, in ^ia eighty-fourth rear. He woa 
imrird in the voiiU of St. Vigvan'* Church, 
nrar Aibmoth, wheroa mural inbiM hearing 
a Lotin inscripliou i" still jireierved. It tt 
a reinurkable fact that from tlie birth of bis 
father ( l-l!>7) till hia own death tho period 
of USO TMira bud intrrrrned. 

Young wan thrice married. By bi« Brtt 
irifn, Klliuleth. daughter of John Hibb, * 
gcntleimu) of the king's bedchamber Im. 
167r,rf.lC»6),heb«»ltwii!lT«chibiren,»evi«i 

tea 




I4tl, md. ttM I ■■mi- ml Wm- 




if 
«Ctva 

f IB 170?, cmU iMd ■• OM* of il. 




atlk* 




i> 

T««« a a pncMlT vteri bwk. -^ 

Vot« Km, of Smmb.* h ISM. c^ 

» mftateUM «f • pMtnH 

I a'At Pi— M ^ ip of tb* aorietj 

Bn«a'( Omx* Burt—ia . Haaaant »d R*- 
fMB«: Iniqr'i Mi a ti w *t Bocbtau; Big. 
P.C SML el Xmoo. BBBia: CU. ^oic 
Fte«n. OiML laU-ICtS; KIIhS BoU t4Bai. 

mm VUA of D»d»«, ^T»;Mkwa«^0f 

Ifc* MwlfaxiaaK i. U: MiMribsT «( 6M. 
Bta. StCfoLi; Rapwta of Dmsj KMp« of 
pBMMBManl*.43. t^4«: OddMrnttTa Hi«. 
of Kiifc, «L VTodrovSoc. t. M.»e«. t»Xn. 
Ml.] A.IL3L 

YOUNG, ftOIIERT (ieK-lTCO). fv-tipt 
and cheat, ir»* bora about 1957, poasibif at 
Wanuiftaii, XiUeaabtre, and nluea:«d in 
InlawL H« hiawtlf, in oae of hi* unre- 
ncMNUHoomtaaf luioaTMr.MatMikat be 
WM edaealcd at Knnisbill*!) school, ca. Fer- 
nanuk, ■»•] tA**w%TA§ at Trinity CoU«ge, 
Dubl^, bill bi* nann (lor« not «mn afMn 
ths liM of unuluatri. In IttTSba iaam«d 
AnM YmImJ^, and fire yt^n latrr, tboagk 



W w«nt ilnvadi tl 
witk Maiv, daafbn-l 

■, who wtt 
■a kit 

MM W Mii'ip I to prDOH* Ml- 

as tfia hn^d 

KaUatt. wbM hr 

CMtiAcataa <tf Ui 

HxAtaBwl 

TOfafk in tW oMMtrrf 

AvHS cttMH k» ru 

• fearaa, wkidi ba wm 

caner ai (3tMl» 

Www bcnl late 

WUfeat luUallmia 

•r CaMva k> na ifalxcd to tfe 

kibgf af IMfiB. ' far aaaa; oXfMifMM; 
(b ha^ of «Uc)t -was ■angina' witbol 
haw rfw • BcMwfcdmtotbafiDeM 
af Ka>faM.fcw wa wfc^ ■ii fbc hiaiiaT mj 
ial M tMmi. tin u Cam 
Fmm oal ha vrgao tft bMk Uawim^taB- 
jl ■! If tn DkvU,«d^miacMd 
«rtk^ that ifca akM waa tba oljitci of Ui 
He aaceaaAid ta iWaci«f Ua Bnc 
alMafaaar aniaat hiB.aMl mm 
W haw W« alhwi^Wtfc of daifT. U- 
tumi Im mm^^nrnrnt it jokk fata, h* 
■■■afad M froom hia vimm bv ^wi- 
!■( to ChHowfe ( tha ' poaiih bIm ' kt^ iIm 
ra Tbi iirHhit h milifmati iKuliMnniJ 
ptota afintt the rovcfviML *1te 
' a* Sbah oilli him is a bfur 
to Bfaktf Spnt. ihcB tu a WIT to E^bml 
Willi htaMCoad wife, la EagUadlharsTf- 
nivd at fint ante- tha auM of Oneii, fM^ 
aa i l i aklia g tlw foaatn- with ia(g«d tnti- 
tooaiaU. parportiag to oa ia tha hasdof iIk 
anhhiahop of O am a t b or r. At Ban- & 
Btev^ii, «a 6 Oct. 1084, thn- vrta pl- 
loairi aa eOMwa g h aa l a. FrWBun-^l. 
ea SO Scft. lOM, T««ag ha<l nrittca'a bw 
iaitarto AitUMhop SMcrofl, witb aa m- 
tiicl; aoTcl aoeoaat of ki« parraup iftd 
earlr life, expnannK liia tnonal hatnd nf 
'(liacentaa9,eaB«ciall7 that damaaUa hitot 
of Cnsbjien, and maiina that ba had b«a 
pat apon * the hdltah aMTdurtr (tntacenv' 
of fcafnaf iMtunoniala br one Wnehi, • 
naii-«si«I'-nt ■ tcnwait of t^xjbnl.' Miliar 
in hia «ti}rct, bn mwod to be nwopd «• 
the atchtoahop. Ai Mon a« ba waarriMtnl 
be fi»^«d a sew act of tcatimoaiala «Htb i 
desKniy wlneh wu cenenllT adaiitud u 
b« nMrralloaa, wnd Mt to wotk. with a v* 
altaa and « aew atorr, n^ectinc laiT" ■"■■* 
of marnnj (roia wealthy cler^jaun, incladiat 
thioe bitbow who were iatiaiat* wtih Sia- 
croft, and belMTod that tbey recogaiatd )» 



A 



\'oimg 



389 



Young 



nil, Al Iraittb in IGS7 llie impost iirce am c 

tbe nutai! of tlic arolibi.ilinp, wlio 

i>(ltutw iiisertird in Ibf * Loiirlun Uiui.-IIl>' 

iTtiiiili^r Bti'l (Ict'iU-r Itiy") sJnTiif^- 
n wiriiing ilii- rhnritoble 10 howttn.' of 
■, Jonmnnd llnWrt Smitlifi-r. Yniin^and 
I purotaijuri. Voiihk nnxt jfiTvi liiiuii-lfoiit 
I n Rfiivu Irish clrievmaii of hdo<! pivfi-r- 
111, but B vii-timi>fTjri;'>iini--!'«pi--r9i.-cuiiiig 
fury: wiiuH fluids wt^rt- iieti-MSirv to gu|ipurl 
"kw cb)ir««l«r, ami iltcte liu tn^um lu hnvH 
unMlbynM>ru«of hitfliljauccfMriiirmiits 
t!Jt. Aluml, wbnrDko liiul fiociiml thoror- 

Si C'OiiDiviuici! ofthu pout in ruler, l-'ormina 
tftij^n of & u-iulihr marriiiKP, Vouiik ivn* 
now liTixious to )^t nil of U-iiry lliilt ; but nt 
thitijiiniMurv tbi^ pBirn'tTi- betrnyt'd In one of 
Ibir vifiims, and lotlictvl in Nt<W|,i)ite on 11 
B"**!!^ "f foniTV. Tbi'v pHCRpi'il witb tb<i 
jriilory nnd aline, oiring to Inck of Kvitipnci*; 
out, tiic fini^i rcmnininsT "'ipn'd unill ^'i Mny 
'" "BL', tlifj mnoiiifdiupriiioiiforupwitrdiof 
ro yi^ani. 

^I>urin2 lb« wMti^ni rt^bt'Uiou Younj;: bad 

faW wiiiii^M ngitin»t n tiumW of 

sbvifrinii ilivini^, bill liiB evidence )i^ 

i-n ilifcb''li<'Vi'iL Wbiln lyinf; in Nottgnt* 

tdulcrminird njion Kvi-rtinK lo thlubniEicb 
bbpnifeuion iuidfiibrLciiiiii|ra>btiQiplot, 
il viib (bis object iu >'ivn- bv addrtwM-'d 
bitna>-1f in \h» iittt, iiiataii«v< lu Tillot*oa. 

J 'he fiTch^Khop m<-Dlioo«l bis allegnlioua 
lilh all ivterve to WUliiLUi, wliu irvuled 
||»m witb dUilain. Young was tninpomril^ 
in«)npi>tti><i : but wb»n nt tho end of jVpnl 
mOli William Ifft Knaland for ibo Ixiw 
Couiilric«,uidirbcu the lutlion wu nf^italiHl 
by ■ppwhen«ion of Frencb invuitm nnd 
JaKtbilt!iniiurT>.-otion, Y'ouiig'a Loptwrevitiid, 
Bj vrrilin^- in ft<ig:tied nein«« 10 nsk alter tbe 
cliaradnra a( n-rvkoln or cnrntr.', b>i bn<l ac- 
CMinulnlcd a rolWiion of iiiit'i|;raphi from 
mm of note wbo wore lutpLviwl of disnf- 
Itoction. Wiib conaiiminalt? (!nlij,iap!iiF ikill 
lie now ilrvw up a pajwr pur portiii)( 10 la- uii 
■Modulbu for tbc ivMoralion of ibe bau- 
whfd liiiii;. To tbi* il'icniiiont lii^ uiipendi'd 
the forjii-ii di((nntnri'-t of Miirtboroii^ti, Coni- 
buiy, Saliibiiri", Knneroft, nmi 'rbomno Sprnt, 
biabop of ltocbia.tPT. Tbi- owncmof tli*' tint 
four nnmnt wen.- Blmwlv under llii- luipicion 
of tbe goviTnui«nt. U'ilb re)^rd lo Sprat 
it was WI.-II k<K'«'» ibal ibere n&s muni of 
tJie opportiiniHI ibon of Ibu tonspimior in 
bi« pom position. AVby Young iieli>eli>i! ilic 
CBUC-Iovmu bishop lo bi- t]\p niiol, nf lii> plot 
won protabiv bofoiisr lit lind biii-n pmipui't- 
injt round Bromli-y in iU'dO. and liutu* ibat 
incruM into tlii^ palavv wna euy. Yuuuf; 
asttlt could not quit Xewgnlv, and Iw- se- 
ed as bia cmisMry a rogue named Stephen 



BWkhi!Bd, TTlioie «an UaU iuffcrpd in ill* 
pillory. Ulackbuad convej^ed to tbe bialiop 
H letter carefully f<>i^>id by Youii}; frum an 
iinnginary doctor of diiinit}'. I lighlr pleased 
Willi tbn tvrmB of the li'l1«r, tbo biidiop (old 
bin buclnr to trcnt Uio mcsMingcr well. 
Blackhead, alfitciiiif; fn^ot n-Tcrvncc for tbo 
enlouraffe of a binlioii. uakri) tbo butl«r to 
Hbuw bim Sprut's stud)', nilb a view of eou- 
L'L'aliiiK tbe trniloroua diX'iimeiit amoDfr tbe 
pa^rM on ibe eni^iropal table. Knilinj! in 
fiiiH, ho bail tinitlly to ronltinl bimwlf irilli 
dmppinn tbn ■ ttiMwi-ilion' into n flowitrpotin 
a di.iii»'-dpiii!oiir. Yimnjriiowdcrottnotd to 
btlit^ard befon-'ibi.' privjcoiuicilonntanttcr 
of the j^rentest im|H>rl. He bud llmi^d bis 
plot to a nieetv. The f■ovt^^nn1t■nt were 
overweighted wTih anxiety. They tboujfht. 
Y'nnng'a alory ulaii^ibln inoutrh In order 
1-pmt >nmwt,and moMpnairnwiri'iiontdown 
to llromldf on 7 liny lti9L' wilb a warmnt 
from NoitmifliBai to take ibi- biohop inio 
cunludy, und lo warch bin apiirlnit'nla for 
Ibe !iii:iied inNlrtiuient in wbicb th^ alb-t^d 
coiicpi ml ore avowed ib.iir aims Voiiiifi piir- 
tlciitnily riH^ifMod tbnl llir offii'itnt mi^bt be 
ordered to cvamtiin ilw bishop'* flowmjioia. 
IIphcp tbu incidojit wn* rtifMn-Hl to by Ijidy 
Mirlboronijb nnd other* u« 'tlir llowrrpol 
utot' (nee itREWKR, ilulurip Sale Jf<Mk), 
V'ery fortunatply for ibe binbi'ii tbe forjicd 
document was not found, and after ten days' 
dei«nilon Sprai waa Biiltvred to rvtuni !■> 
ttmiuky, [n tbe mennrime Young badieDt 
ItlnckbRad to recover thn pipi'r, which be 
thereupon forwnrded In tbe wcn-tarv of Mate 
(Itumoer), wilb br injiEniuiii esnlaualioo, 
Tbe biiihop was rv-calk'd before the cooneil 
(10 June Illl*^) and confronled wilb BluJt- 
btmd, l''iiiding ibe biabop'a story CJrtob©- 
rntr'd by liiN lervaiiM ni nil piMDis, and 
RTently jylifivi-d by lli" TicMry of i,>\ HoKiin, 
the privy roLineillontnnu'diiharply en iilac.k- 
beud. who loit hii uerve nnd finally hlurt^'d 
u(it ibe truth. Bui Young wbm otlcrly un- 
abaabed ; be repudiuled Blaekbead, and 
denied that be hud (.'iven directions fr>r (be 
flowerpot* to bn w-nreb'-d. He deolar^nl that 
thr biibop had bon^ht nfT hia accemjdicc, 
and tbnt ibey were trying lo Hiflo the plot. 
Sprat, coiiatioHs tbnt he bnd piTbapa nar- 
rowly escnpt'd ibe block, upbraided Younff 
fur his unprovoked mab^ity. He replied 
will) as mocb cunning as effranlvry, 'All is 
not confMwd yvt. A parltammt will coni«i, 
nnd tlien you ihall bnar morn Irotn m* 
iSfKAT, Jlrialiori. pi, ii. ) Anolbfr ttm* 
nomry lulferer. but i^vcutunl Kniner, by 
Vouuk's falae nccuiiatioti wan tin l>nk>? of 
Matl borough, noiT proniptljr rdeiucid froui 
the Tower. 



Young 




390 



Young 



niithii u uk» miiH r* >he^ 1 

hvriw MoocMi Uia aekw to Nm- 

TbrrcfjaiT. BbekbMdaiN- ' 
W aMMWK n t«ra kui^ rri- 
. Jihyiiy Oa in»l natU 7 K«b. 
TgVMg va* •nUnenl at Uie 
la b iaptwracd and to be | 
in Ute p(U>»7. when he bad to 
I K nrj aeKR fating. B«Ttag af- 
fKtcil' bu caapa 6dm ib* kia^'a tmieh | 
piaoH fl« 13 Uec IMS, Vang Mona ta baia 
MIMil to eoiaiaf fnr a liTatiSood, aad nrif 
ja April 1700 lie WMBRHted Kit UiiaodrnoD 
and tried u the llld Itaile;. Ue wu foaoil 
niit* on U Apnl, under tks niwi iif Joha 
Lafkm aJis* ¥o«^ Tka'avMaaeeafuBM 
hun,'iat> a aoaiMnywij aawaabeM,' «•*« 
tw« leUow fritgwwi whan ha baj inTcvlcd 
toaMut biniatlwaetofcavBiflfbwkhde- 
■i^ toaceiuo tham, and to wiuwai aeainat , 
tbtn, ia faoaca to puwfaiae hia libertj, biM 
tb«^ tntiwil cvidnM aninU liiai. opoa 
-arhidi be waa o anitmmA 0« was my 
■lesletouii ill countarfitttuu P»pt«*s llan>k, 
havtaa eouutt-rivitad tha Uaadaof l»th ihe 
Sbetin lortbadncliafjtcDf BB*iMnct'i,£oB- 
Am Pbtt, 15 April). Usnadaa 'penileut* 
•■d at lybam <m llf April 1700. cunreeHDg 
tbat ha aid Gorgnl the plul afninsl 1 h« bi«lu)p 
of lIodMatar (i^^My ''tef. No. ;7:.>l. In a 
' ratcrdeUnral by Bobrn Young' tnJolin 
AUen, the OTdiaary of SvvgMi; nnd giub- 
llBll«duu^April ir0U,lhi! cnmiiul fnuiklr 
ooafnws ' I BBTB injorvil my NvifihUiur m 
oftan hyl'otiferiBtiUiL-iiis, &'e^tbal I tliitik 
it it KorcG piwMble la r«>>uiiI them,' 

WrilinK ii) Lord llattuo iii Uarcb 1603, 
CbailM liultou said of Voiuic, wboM iriel 
he witueued ; ' Id uapadeuca na tti niitdid 
area I>r. Oaia*. lie bod aot a tantiuK ioi- 
podanc?! bot a mart iinnoral laird, (edatu, 
tOUfO»i impudoncn, nud prelvnda to be aa 
l^imV a manyr kn bit ecalo for the ravKrva- 
tian of the arcMnt gorenuaent At Oal«« did 
Jbr bia Tor Ibi- pnteataiit Mi^un' (Hattott 
Corre^. ii. IVi). 

(Tha alndlnjcii of Voaag'a aril nr*rr down to 
IB9i are iinfoldrd with rruiarknlilH >l«t(H^Ta 
(kill ID Biih'>pSprBt'(Bel*li<in r<f the Isle Wjrktil 
0>iiiriTiiii(-n lit Slapbrn Bln'^klioid and Hobcrt 
Yountt; jiU i., ilaaling villi tlii' M;Tnitiipitioa at 
tha auplKHrd ^ol by tha conui.'i!. w,u> i»>Tin1 in 

Aoipiat ms, and pt. ii., illuaiming Vduos'* 
piariaB* mnar iij n nnnilxir of paptn. Icltai*. 
and alBdanta. in Noroinbor I6Q3. Both patta 
raprlntod in the UuL Siicctlaiijr, IBIO, 





ai. l«t->n. Tha litnxrr ability d{i|il|| 
1^ laifciip hi kia tuunit'ia w«b JMdr 
MMiai by MaeBaktr. d«« alaa LaluaO ■ 
BW. Kalainn. iL *&\ «V«. OlA, &S1. »>. II. W, 
ir. Ul ; Bapia'a UiaL at y~g'-~i 
aiS;Ealpb'aIIi>Li>rEKUBd. 17t«.il 

JldaiaoB'a BiM. t73S, M. 77 \ Itunia 
>«■. It. 3S&; Ca»a*a MvlUwoa^b. t 
Xaonky** Hiit. of England, ir. ^^i 
WoEjalay'a Lifc U HnriboN^h, iL '. 
V\mi<j and Cneninjthiiai'a l«ai)an. 
ABMUorKacfesd.p. iMMi Hbc IISS. I 
lllb Bmii. AptL T. DO: aad ae* ait. Sratr. 
TwOTaa] T. S. 

TOUNO, ItODERT (l«a2-lSe«), ibao- 
lofiaB and oncraialtut. Ma of Gaoifa Yomt, 
laaaaiccr of a flour mill, wa> faorn ia Ifad- 
diwtonibin on 10 8c|ii. \9^; hia iiiJair 
died whcti Ilobevt «a« • cliild. Aflrr cdn- 
calion at WBe pnvale aohooli. be w«a ia 
li^SJ •apnalteM ta iba printiag; huaiaea^ 
aad in 1m7 Iwicaaiie aprinter and boulcMlbr 
iKi faUowsaccoani. T>urinj|[ tiift apprenlica> 
ahin lia nnployed hia apam lima >■ Madrac 
tlaemr and otbtr oriental lan^uafpw, «m 
alao intcteated bimaelf in Tationa fiama of 
laligiotia vrarb ; for tUnw yo^n. hp waa onu- 
BMled wilUDr.Chalnierv'aTpmiorialchan^ 
ubbath tchml in tba We«t Pan, Edinlmrfh, 
On (tattii^ buaiaam a* a iirial«r he pa* 
cwodad to pahli*haTari--iynIwoTk>)Bi«aiI«d 
Ki faciliMtA tbo (tudy of tlic Old TWtamant 
and it* ancient reruoaa, of which tba Gut 
waa an edition with iranalaiion of Uat- 
muoidee'M 613 ptvcepca. Fnm ISuO to IbDl 
k« vraa lilMary Biinionary and anpeno- 
tendent of ibe miSMOn nnteat Sntal: ai 
during thi« lima ba added (injaran lo 
BC«iumn*ni», whi«li already includod Ui 
nnd Finni'li. in addition to tba Rofaanoe 
Teutonic Unttimgoa: while bo did 
loctbiaSenitioatudiea. Ftoinlt<ei 
be cOBductad ibe ' Miauooarv 
ia Itl<tt7 hi' visited tlie moM impoi 
ia the United Stat 0a. TlwbMlkao 
no^ labia* AnalTtical Ooncofdaner 
l)ible'(lBT0,4i»t.i>'hi(:hhaa pma 
many editiona. In 1S71 h? atood unauccw 
fully (or tbo llcbniw eliair at Mt. Andiein> 
Moat of hi* life waa paiaed in Kdinbui^ 
where he died on 14 Oct. Itter^. leavtog im 
aoQS and four daugbleia. 

(Hanner of Ulatn, 18 IW. IftU; MadT* 
Hneydai«4ia of Lttia^ Uiriara. I8S7.] 




i 

>n <■ 



YOUNG or TONOE. THOMAS 1 1 
IM^I, aruhbixbop of York, waa iho mu , 
Juiiu Vouur and Eleanor bis wife, and «« 
honi ai lloa^ton or llotnaton, near I.U«- 
feyi r«mbrolniiurr, in 1307. 11a bK*m*» 



A 



•tudml Bt Bra*J)[Btra Hall, Oxford, aiul 
ofttduAtsd II.A.14 Juor l^-ja. M^\. 19 Marcb 
1533, OS (ccoUr chaplain. It.C.L. IT Feb. 
1S38, (dUpuUttoo torf b.C.U 13 F«b. I.'><^ 
(fuller dvt^l* in Bo.wE, IteyuUr (/ Vat- 

ivtrtity rf OfforJ, p. 147 1. and «x> admiit«<I 
tn LdoJob ( Wo«I>, l'a*ti. i. lO.^). Un bc- 

' C*nie pnncipa) of bin lull in \h^2,»tlA nv 
sigiMa in lA4fi. llo Itul aJn-Hly bvcone 
vicBT nf Llnclibaap-l Cuilo WulEei', Cai^ 
diftMufaiK, in loll, n-ctor of HciigiwIuQ |lu« 
birthplMel in li>ll', aiid. in lliv now year, 
of ftulinilh-l. {itoD, I'eKbrokMbirt', prp- 
hmdary of TraUong in lh« collfgiatn church 
of .^bertnrilly, naar OMmarllieB, in 1&15, 

I end of CoTOB in \\w caWefiMe diiirrh of 

. Ltendd«vi>It(T6 in ICUX In l''>i^a.KNevB. 
J-'a»ti, i. 31fi) ho brciun? prrcrtiior wf Si. 
Jinrid'* Cathedral, i-ntcrinfr into rMMlraco 
in IM'i'in wbitia yuar hr wan pf>ii<'nl al 
tlu!Cuoto(-ali<in'(^iVjUnKini Yarilnf't .W.S.i 
* Much iCBiidaliacd'at thnarlionsnl'lEnlcrt 
Ferrar f q. v.j, bubnp of Ht. Daviil'it, who bail 
made him bt* nMiuniiBary, bv. with utlx-nof 
til* conona, drrvr up artiolfs a^^tut lula, 
which were inv«li)tali-il by a couunimion 
kppoiolcd by Kdnard VI in 1940. Perrar. 
in lindicaliiniof biiBvlf.accuMd Yovw|[and 

, KDOllWT canon of tpoiling th« cathedral nf 
cTOtM*. ciMlice*, cpawm, and othrr pUic, 

3ew»b, and omanivnta, in the ralue of li*e 
hundred mallei or more, ' Cot Uieir owii pri- 
vare lu«n' (detail* in ^rcifrffanin i'ardley't 
MS.) Koxe coBoa-nta vwy wiitijrely uu 
Young's canducE. 

On Quwn Mw/a acceauon Young waa 
oar of iIm aix who, in c^n^nMlinn in lAffS, 
nuUicl^v arowwd hi* adhtronco to tho lie- 
ronnnlion aad m>i|[nrd hi* prcfrriUKitts 
(l.K Si.rt: rJ.Vnvx, Jlul.'/ the CAnrri of 
J^iiylanJ, i<e. 7^). llu fled lo U<rruiuny< 'and 
tfarrp liTrd vIncunJy.' Ilia aucctMOr, Mor- 
fran rhillipa, fulloirof On^l C<i]l(<fn<, >.>sfocd, 
waacollatinl prwcvnloron 31 Mny IfiM. 

On ltM> accpt>J^i«n of ICliznliclIi, I'liilli]ia 
iraa daprirfd ()A^) and Younz was le- 

' aland. IId wna aborlly afEcrwiirdi ap- 
pniaicd irilh otbaraouKComtniiuiuu lovuit 
ijie Wclali catJwdnli ( Wood, AUimt f Ji™», 
i. 4tl3). On ibo dT^rivation iA Itirhnp 
Mor}^n,lw>v'HKi'lrftt^ilbiahoporSl. Iluvidii 
on 6 Ote. 15ot), cofifinii«d on 1A -Ian. tliOO, 
cooaecral^ at l.aTnbi>tb nn 2\ .Inu. 15CU by 
Archbiebop I'nrknr and tbn btalinpa of Li^n- 
don.Kir, and IWfbrd. lln wo* nlmwlv, it 
tftpMni, n friund of Ijord lEobvrt Lliii^liry. 
vboni b« bf((it<-d to obtorn for him the te- 
atoratinn of the tt^nIpu^Bli'iM uf Lia ace 
iVaL Stair Paptn. Data. i'A7-t<0, p. IM, 

iloTph IGUU). HrobtaiiMrdibvrMiiiuiinnon 
S3 Much (cf. Uyueb, Fvtdtro, xv. £61, A7t)>. 



He rcicnrcd IJMnaa to hold in eemntmdam 
iho pnM^ntonliip and a CMiou'a atall, tba 
reclury of lloipvtoa, and the prebend of 
TralloDg. beoanse i>f the t^nt ntcni of his 
dioCiTtP aud ila »lpenM (license in IiTMEK, 
Firitrra, XV. u8Sl. On the deuriratkiu uf 
Niebolo* n««lh, aidibiahopof \ork, Pnrkrr 
raoanuuDded Youngiotbeqn««Bn»II<-aih'a 
MCCMaor {CaL Slatt Paprn, l)nm. l-^t7~%, 
p. 161. Kor. 16(10-1, p. 3S9: Cal. Italf^U 
Jtf.S-S, i. 'JrJ9). Ue wna ct«rted arclibi>bij|> 
un^Jau. loCl, and cimfinnwlon :i& F«b., 
receiving rMliluliun uf Um lMiipa«»liti«« on 
4 Manih IMI. 

Fr»m ill* momeDt of liis arrinl in tb« 
north Yotin^ wa* immirnunl in ih« wnrk of 
Mcifyinji Ibi- country, bririitin^ it to can- 
lormity in nlifpon, and actintt u* the royal 
r«pn.'BMilaliti! in political and rrligioM 
matlvni. H<? waa an activu pnaideot of 
ib^ council of (!'» nonh. Ilia coualant 
corTvapoiid«uc« niih tli« qneon and Cecil 
■howa bini rn«TS?rtic in checking moral 
offuncc*. iu judtnnjc on ainmt, and in r»- 
rivin^t tbc arcltirpucopal mint, lie vaiprc- 
stmt with rarki-t at ilie intcrvicwa KJita- 
b«th bad in luSI with l>c (Jnadta aa to 
pMeibl« r^untua thruagli a gvneral oonncU 
(Cat. 'State PUprrii. SpauiiJi, ]!i!»^, pp. 
^1, 201). IIo WM eiroo diargV' nf uU 
jounjf Cborlmt, »on of Ibn Counlv^t. of Ijm- 
DUX. and ordemd to rrprria the Uomnnint 
Icndcneiaa of tbo fnniily (ii. p. H~ ; l>on». 
irMS, p. fiCTI. As prvaidi^nt of ibu council 
oftli«nart}i ha Tmriivd (KMi/. ISr. -U. pt>r 
aanant. In liia arcbiopiscopat viutaiion be 
cUiiwd tb« right lo vi»ii the diooran of 
Durbam, bnt wni nvlit'd (it. For. l-'KI -2, 
pp. ]■% 33<t). Ilia ncliTity iniprcndingtbu 
worif of (he itcforroniion vela* to hnvc bc«i 
(cry fprat, and hia ' pninful forwurdnm* in 
•Hlinz Cjrtb lh(? trite reli){ion' a otitm rw- 
conlcd le.|C. Val. tilate Ftiprrr, For. t&GI-S, 
p. 195), On 3U Juii^ 1 ■TO \tv r\-f<in«l lo 
th« (^uiu'R ilint ' touching mini^lpra and 
adminiitmtinn of ibo ancmmiinli tbry nro 
(tow thoToiijrbly attrcod in thrai; purta ne- 
cunliuR to law ' (i4. 15B1 .% p. «b). 

Il« wiu bold in rcbukiiift vice in hi^ 
placvs, and even ' lhou|[bt iroll ... to 
admocnili and couumI Th« queen with m- 
eard to her nifihod of life and cotidnrt ' iib. 
Spaniali, IViN-lir, p. AAS). On n aimijar 
oivaaion, hnvini; apoken to Elimbclb with 
thn orcbhiabop of Cnnterbiiry on reliiiioua 
roattcra, they are nforttid to have ' come 
out VCTT crcHifnlleii-' 

[u llwl lie fat on the commlitMua at I>an- 
belhwhichdntw up tlwi articles. DiilfttMarcll 
lOtU the unirtirMly of Oxford conf<>rTod Ofi 
him the degreo of D.C.I<, (*w aboro). la 





I 



ism b> Tkii<J m4 nbfMd tW coOtce *t 
llacbMt«r. I« 1MB, OB aeeorat of kii ■««. 
• fsft^ic, witfc lb tida o< bidup of Not- 
tufcuB, WW wCTiliil lo 11 lilt kim I Dr- 

Vonn( ti «id la Wn maMd WT««1 kwf 
l^mt, ud I» kat« poJ W down InnMif«> 
MdBgtng to iW palace at York for t^ mEo 
c/ Um Ind {tM nfamna is Lk Nete, 
Lit** ^ jirdHiatafi). Sir Jolm Hwingtoa 
aeCBfca bioi of a 'droane and navoitliy 
part, witb wlueh be tUaned ibo tVMlatioa 
of l»aining and RligiMi ' ( Brii-fr Vinr, p. 
171)1 Bedu!datSt«lieU«iSejun«l.V^, 
•nd wna burwd in iIm aaM «ad af ths choir 
of York HiiMUr, who* bin moiuMwa: >iiU 
nmaina. lli««iil ia dalsd ttiepicTiaa«da«, 
an-l vu prarid on 1& Mairli tGW. 

H« aarmd, bvf, a daaghter of G«»rgi; 
Cmutantine, rcsutnr of Si. Itarid'* (l^oiB, 
Arit omf Mnaanml*, p. 17ri>; avcondlj, 
Jaiie^ daoakter of 'liinnMt Kvnanon at 
Eitvrich, Staffotdahirv, Itj nlwiin hn bad a 
•on. Sir Ocorgc Yoitng (j(. Iai2>. 

(UinvtriMs of di^M of St. Ihrid'*, Artli- 
ilc«in Vudkj '■ SIS.. McBiri* Sum, cooibu- 
ainlad 1'7 Ilia V(ri Hn. W. H. Dursj, dru 
ef Uandiiff; iaa>L US. Ml. ff. 4d.S: Ab> 
Uionjr Wood's Atbi— Oxoft. il. 8U0, as) Fa*ti 
1. 91. M, lOA ; Boaa'a R>c1hm of Cnlnnltj of 
0>r«vl (Uifonl Hral. &>-.); Fi»«*r'» AkiDai 
Osui>. lAOO-lTll. ■.(. -Yo^;' Cileiulan of 

Sim* Pikpen, l>)nia*;i«.Fac«icD.Spuit^i tUi- 
Aold IISS.; UMlnuM** HiM. P*ailirok« Coll. 
(Okf. HiM. Socli mirJobn Uariogtoa > Bncff 
ViPV of Ibo SUic of thg Chareh of Oskwd. 
lOU; Fom'* Atfi uiJ UoDamenta^ ad. 1470; 
KaflijB't iJlarjp (CiMBdan .Sor.) ^ ia N«r*'> Lirm 
of Arclibubopf. mid Fwti Ecd- AdgI- ; Ilsjlfn'o 
Hill, of tbe BcEomuuioo; BonM* UiiL od. 
Pocwk,- TtjRsrV F<Ddoi«, roU xt.: 8iu)il«'a 
[U|iiii(rnniiiaiTUB Aii«lir>n«ia ; 0«tirin'a Cal>- 
lotri* of Biihops ((^7 in Bodlviaa Libratj with 
Bi«iiiu«rip( tioU'a bv Aotboar Wood),] 

W. H. H. 
YOUNG, T(TOMA5(l5tff-16M).niMisr 
of Jrsuii Cnllr^, Cambridge, bom In l&di 
nl iMRCKtty in IVrtiishiro, wn« tbe ton of 
William Youni[. miniitM of the pfirinlii-s of 
Luiicurly and Itrdjtorton, ond om- of thoaa 
wbu ejgiied iLi- prcii'iii (1 July l(i06) nffninat 
th« inlroiliicliifu of t>pii>('iipu(.'yiiit(iS(i.>lliiiid. 
Ilii mothpr'* rmmu vmu llVbi-cca. but of her 
fatnily nnihiiig is kuuwn. Thu eon waa 
«9ducuiL>d nt tlii> (fminiiinr ecbool nt Perth, 
wheiiof ho wm wnt lo.'^t, Lconnril'* Cclle^ 
in tbeuiii>*ntity of SI. Andrew*. Iliinams 
oppeAni i[i thi! collcsu n^iiili?r» lU 'TIioribii 
Jaoiiif,' and ho wasonuof cighietii iliidentii 
•tfUd 'mious pol«Dte9 uuKiatrnndi' {ix. of 
tlia poonr cUm) wlio ubtsiued Uie decrw of 
U.\. in Jul; IGOU. 



In WM, or aooii after, ho apfaan lo Wf 
■ettled in Laadoo, whov be aappottAd bs- 
•eU bj atiWliiM pontta Hiinitl»T« and ik> 
bj la»rhing. in ibJH latTer cnpndty be *u 
appointed hj thv father of Jolm llilion. 
about U>«T«ar litis tosnp^Hntcnd hitm't 
rducation at ihn timn ibnt the Latter m> 
liTiof with bin family in Cboapaadc. Tbr 
engBfeBBBt appears to hare lojted f<R ■! 
MM two yws after the lime when Mihug 

waa aent to St. Wul'a school in l«H). b>i in 
16£J Young wa* appoinKd i-hoplain to tL* 
English nMTchanu resident at UaMbori 
(M*»ox, IJf* «f MUt»a, L 72;. TW-r 
yearn later, tbe poet, wntia^ fnxn LobJm 
{ISi Horcb |i!25i, orhnon-lcd^tbopnMataf 
■ llubirew bible, which Young raav t««tably 
bare seat in uilicipatim of hi* fiinDet 
pupil's niBOial to the nnivenilT; but (W 
wnler la, at tli« Mine lioae, lUiJer tk d»- 
crtnity of apologising for a sil^noc of 'dkm 
than three yean,' althoafib hi- eipmHi 
'Iniundteaa and nngular latitude' to bi 
old tutor, wliooi b« i^ganls ' in the li)[fci of 
a fatluv' (A. i. 147). Two ynm later, in 
ibolong vacstioan(Ift^,uiKitberl({t(rrbaB 
Milton, in Lilin alegiic*, di^plore^ the bA 
thai their corrr«i>OMdniK« had agun l 
interrupted by a long iiilenea ; iba Mtc ] 
tut** to himielf the nonnt^rin vhirJi Yoi 
mav be eadeacouriof; to b<-piite his tbioagto'l 
au'id the dislts^iriuB causoJ by the COB-J 
diet bMween the itii|ierialisia and ihe pr»>] 
toltant lea^e — torning oTer lb« uaHiil 
loniM of tfaa fathmv oiul tho pa|^ of boly 
aeripture — and predict* hi« early iMiin ' 
Engbuid. 

Voung rvtunxd tn tbe foUowinc ^ .. . 
wheii be wu ptMeoted (i!' March lfi^1 It . 
John Ilovelo the rimngesiff St, Pritf ini 
St. Uai7 in Slnwinnrki't, the nncieiil county 
town of SiiAolk. The living wan worth soot 
a year, niid io tbe folloirinji Jaly Youn(iit-j 

I viteii Millon lo visit Slowmatkct. TWj 
iu nrplying (1>I July tO^) cotoplimMtt* I 
old ttilor, wboni he' deaeribea at 'IWiaf ml 

I bis littlvi farm, with a moderate fortuBtl 
a priniyly mind.' Mr. liiint; ooasiden 
we may safely ouumn llui iW old ii 

, cour»e helweeu the two was now rtstirnl, 
and uialulalned * by uccosioiial rititi' loa 

' Milton's p(M) 'lo the Tiuamxc a* w*U U 
by eoiTMpondenoe.' 

Fkim ICSO to l&tT Youne appears to kare 
Imii>q |[«nenilty rrwident at ckowmadnt, kot 
bis Mgniiture to Ihn vnMry ac«OUIiU ■* 
waniinn for 1G32 and lltSA, and fram VSS 
to Iftoii ofair:* aIt(i(fFthrr. Ilollin^venb 
iiiftTs tilut duriuh' ihi* lattirr pooiod da 
ilutiea w^re dischiirged by u curotr. In IW 
Young published hia b«i known wxok, li» 



Young 



395 



Young 



' Diiii Uummica/ on ilie obKrvance of tbi- 
8sbb«tk In tbp juvfalorv Midms, In ' the 
orthodox cburch of Chriti,' lie doscribM il 
Mkia^Mii^ ' <o bnteHi cliiedy iby naiiinl 
)wins that nijniim in (ipmttmr, whicb I 
lova upaii nmny necriiinli.' Tli* ri)luinn 
bears no lUtu nur naino of pt*M, bui ii 
CTide^utly ptinlnl abroad- In Ibn ttH- 
lowing jrnr ibu appenniMv vC the ■ Ilam- 
life RpittODMrauc*' of J(Mr|ih Uai) [<|- v.], 
bishop of N'nnricli, fS(^ liiv l» ibv mcmu- 
rabla conlpiivnniT in wbicb lbs aulbir p>ii- 
aa^nontlT fnunti himinlf involved witb 
* Knl<^c1yIDnullf ,* ■ numf in irliirh rb<- Ipr- 
t«T« T and Y nluid for Thomiu Youiij;. 
Accordiu((1o llie aulbiir of llie ' IHitory of 
Jmiu CoIIi^,' Young WB1 tlii^ ringlcadtT of 
the fiv« Kinlhbuliiir ditinm | •VAmnnnni 
Ilularia, p. iO). JTiilon, in hi* * Hi-bhju 

I of Church GovRrnmriit,' rallied To iho il#- 
ftnce of bin old tutor, wliow rqiulalion wae 
nndoubtedlir enliancvd by tlic abarvi hi- bail 
token in lh>.' aliove wurk: for wu Snd ihnt 

' Vliea in i'MI (I10 sulJMt of ivcniiljng and 

< OMAOnging Ui(>)r alileit diviiim and 
prnn^hi>n OJimn bcforn the gifaeral aMeinbly 
•C IvJinbnrjih, t)ii> modnrator Hi forth ■ the 
sxpcdicncie uf cullioK Iioidp odo ?tlr. Thi)nins 

I Young from Biidlnnd. the nutlior of llin 
"Mee Dominica" and of tlii; "iimMiviniiiiui" 
for tlie Dio*l part ' (BilLLtB, Lcl'teri and 
JvarnaU. 1. StVi). In ]|M3 Younff nan 
Doninolnd n Qicmlx-r of iha aMetablj of 
dirinon at Wi^tminati'r, and, tccordtiiK lo 
tbc Himc authority, hn wn» oni- of thot"' 
Tfho ' rmjMini-ti fur ihu ditinc imlitiilion of 
the office uf ruliuf* elder,* mid also ' took on 
adiie jiart in pr^unuc ibr jiurli'in of flic 
directory for n-ndiiij* of the Bcriplures and 
tin^in^ of paalnx' iib. u. 110, 117-18; 
I^isii, p. V2). About ihin lime li« ivceived 
the appointm<riil of preacbiT at S(. .lHin><»'ii, 
1>ukc i'lace, in suceujuon to Hcrbcft l^d^^cr 

Sq. T.]i Hud in 1U4I ivas made taaiter of 
Mua College. CanibriJge, in ptnce of the 
ejected itichnrd Si^rni- [q. v.j Tb* Earl 
of ManrheGtirr, ^ho appointed biui, was 
pritiwnt at his imtnlUlioD io tbo college 
cha)K'l on \> April It^'M. 

YoiiDft wa^ however, unnfale to accept 
tlie l^iif^agement, and traa even auppnoud to 
be ibe autborof a tuanifesto, ' The Humble 
PropoMb of fiindry I«Arii«d and Pious 
; Dinnsa . . . concaniinn tV Biigat^meiil,' 
tK. (London, ItI4<*, 4ta). Iti* r<>lii»iil ro 
CMBWy with tile new te*t wna foliownd liy 
hi* d<^rivBtioti uf his manienihip in lEt-'M. 
Froai tbis lime lie ap^H/urn Io bnve lived in 
letireinent at Srnwmark'^I, wbere Le died 
(ajNov. KIM) in bJN fifiv-eigblb year. He 
vuboried in thapai'i»b church by the Bide 



of bii vifr RcbeKa, «ho predecMMxl bini 
in April I&'.l. Hi* oldmt »on Tbomax, 
' M.A. and prMidcnt of Jhili Co11«^,* it ix 
itatud in tlie epitaph, wu aliia iiitirrrnl in 
the aanie f^nvc. 

Ilia pcwlrait, prvanrcd at tbo vicaraRc, 
ruprvMiila him preacbinK; ■ copy in pfauto- 
itinco|n«pbr in profiled bv Laing 10 liis in- 
tcKding volume. 

[Darid LAii^e'iBiogTnphioal Kotiecaof TbomBa 
Yoanft. Kdia^arjb, IS'Oi Clarb>'a {.iroai l*d. 
t6nT)^ H'i!li»ir>wjnti'* Him. of 5t>ivBari:et; 
Maaaon'n Life of Mil'On. Vol. i.] J. B. It. 

YOONO. THOMAS (1774-18291. pbT»i- 
ctan, ubvsicist, and Egypt oloiiiEt, the eklMt 
ton of tbouM Y'oung ><f Milverton, b^ hM 
wifo Samh, daughter of Koben Davis of 
Mioehend. Snmen^, iras bom al Hilrrrrton 
on \S Jnne 1773. Ilia father owned a con* 
aidernblc- amount of projierrly in the neinh* 
bourhuwl. and both parents wore niemlieTS of 
ib'.i 8ix-H''y '>f Friend*. 

'~l' I1' t^e age of t»tvn he resided with 
li - . i.iiiirAthcr, an admir«rof the claMio), 
v\ liu iiti-oiiraeml in aTnlT way the exlraopdi- 
nnry precocity hi* grnndsoii hc^n to di<- 
plny. Ai two y»ar» of ajto lio could reod 
with fluency, and before he commimc^Td 
Ijilii;, at (ix, could repeat from memory 
(.iuldMiilth's ' De«en#d A'illage ' and many 
olber pncmi. At Mvrn bo wai Mnt to \ 
' miieralde board injc- school ' near Bristol, 
where he wn* inught not bind. .\ft"T»y«ar 
there lie relumed to Mitvcrton, end read 
Kcieiiee books borrowed fniui a neighbour 
named Kingdon. \\ bi'u nearly nine bo waa 
Mill TO a gooil Khool al Coiupion, I>oi*«ti 
kepi by a Mr. Tbompcon. Tlinre hn atodinl 
l.nlin, Cireek.inniheLnnticK. .■>nd nat.tiral phi* 
lonophy, and wan taufflit dniwing and turn- 
ing oy one of the uslier*, Josinli JeHrcT, a 
man of great luwbanical nkill. Afler four 
yean at this ai'bool be returned to Mitm^ 
toil, where he coutinueil his Hiidie*. tabiu^ 
up Hobrtiw, Chaldee, StH.ic, and Pii*i»n, 
and began mnking ontirni inslriinirntx. Dur- 
ing ihn pirriod hn duplnyed great powirrn of 
acniiisiiion, and a deierminoiion to master 
dimculiies which remained ouc of his eba- 
ratrleristics through life. In 17^7, when 
oulv fourteen, he became clai^cal tutor (•> 
Hudson Gurnev [q- v.j, gmndion of David 
ttarclay 'q. v.] ot Y'ouiigiibury, llertford- 
ahirr, nnd spmil the nexl &ve years of hia 
life at ^ouiiffsbiiry pursuing bis aludies and 
acquiring a thorougb ktinwledgr of Latin and 
Uret'k.aiid a cutis idrni tile acuuaininiice wilh 
Hebrew, Chaldee, .Vfiibic, .Syrinc, Persian, 
Frt'Qch, Italian, and ^pnniih. During this 
interval, when about sixtoen, ho wb« at- 




* 



IJM boB* tilMht to I W BOtia of flMfcsfil 

innMMiMkinUtbMlik frasikiapMiad 
IfTiMlnlnittTrHittThrl 'fr* 1.— ;-.— M«daMnfttk»i 




in Nocfolk t^mst, pMk 
wmI (dwUr of nu mmb aider. | Laae. Ij—Jnw, kia Utevr, peions^ mi 

la I'm Yoimg look lodgian to UlU« lOjOUU B* awiiaad. houiw c r . ta rMil* 
QiMMn Stinrt, WMtBUMtaTiasd aoHAMCwl m CMrtiwJyi w Ivna line. aMotM) mmmIi 
Madjiag tat At ufdicAl tir«4eaiiaii. lU I ■» [wwhU tata gMH«»l Nciciy, aad liOHi 
fl(K«U«iid*dtlN)l«Cl<imorMutbBirBkiUie , IriaadAimmilkvmay^ttimfwmhtAmiltm^ 




[q.r.],aitd Juhn Hiuitsr (ir:W-17aa);q,».l, 
Bad Iben, io 17WI, Mitend for a year u a 
atadant at tit. Itaitbcilaiaanr'allMMUl. On 
aO 11*7 I'Sn ho nai • paprr Ufore th« 
Bo^al riori>17, in wbicb hn atirlliuted tlia 
McOBBiodatiaK poim at llio cjo to a ntw- 
caUrrtrorMKoribecrvKUUitu; !«u. Tlii* 
wa* paUuluMl in Um ' Pkiluaapliii^l Traiu- 
Bdioiu' tit thi) aoctely, and Ltd to hi* elae- 
t*(in, on 10 Juno I'Bi, aa a iD<>iDb«r of cIm 
totiety, la tlio aulvmn ol that ;Mr ba 
Bfovaadad lo Edinburgh, wlwni ii hnd bntn 
daddad ha tliiMid ooatinua hi* (IuiIIm, and 
yil ibv winter ib«*i,aMcndiiiftIccturfi b^ 
Jamui OreKurv ll7u3-l&Jl) fq. v.j, Andrew 
Uuncan [i|. r.], aud Jcwpli Black 'q. v.], and 
■tud^inf (jumiaji, ^auiab. anil Iraliao. 
[>unu|t lhi» limi- lio droppod tba onlirard 
oltarei^vri'lir* nt a ' Ftirnd.* mix<<d lately 
ill *ocii-lv. lo whidi hi* untU'i jioiiitioa and 
ki* nun n.'jiiilBtiiui sotu him on entrance, 
nnd learnt lo piny lav llulu, lu «iig, and to 
dantK. Ill lli't luuiiurr uf 1700 lie made a 
UiururdieltiirlilftiKlt, In ilm uoutse of whioli 
bi> vi«lti}>) iKu liiike ol'tlonldn at Bl^iti.aiid 
ifau l>uk« of Atf^ll at Inv»mry. In UctoW 
b* wptitlatiiiltJnirMiitocanliiiiio bii itudio* 
uiidn- A nil' 111 itn 11, Itirhli-r, Itluuiimbaeb, nnd 
l.ic)>UiiiU'r|i. 'I'lK^ri'lH Imnii bonemaiubip 
aud diiTtfltMl ccniiiiliTiLlilL- ati«iilioii lu muaic 
and art. Uu 'M Aynl be jHiued tbe exami- 
nation, and bis di*aortaiii.>D ' I>e Corjitiris 
lliimuiii lirilina coDsarvntricibus ' Uaiinfi; 
Ihmih apfimviHi, ho wa* i^rnntrd doctor of 
|>bvaia oil lltJulr l7iHi. Iji-nTiiiiiGnttingoD 
II ii>K Knka lalor. h-! trnvelkd tnainl}' on 
fool to Ureaden, wbcti- bi- reiuuiiied a month 
10 Hudy Lbu arl eulli.*cliou, aud iben con- 
tinupil 111* Juiiruojr by licrlln and Haiubiug 
to lionilMn. 

Inuronnlnni!«t(itbtb*tri>biMoft trockldby 
ll« eDU-nd aa a fellnir-ColnnKinrr ul Mm- 
nunud t'oUivip, Cambrid|[r. on 18 Alarcli 
\7Vi. llie Itcv, Hubrrt Tontwon Corjr, 
ahcinlfaftMiiraRb matter <ifibi-i'oUc^,w«a 



will Tu. r.]. Uxib^Ttr XUioe I'q, ».", <Srl 
laaac I'eaninKtoii jj. v.~. and John OmA 
(Earl Bruwalovtil77»'l8^),wWb be n- 
taiiMd in ttttr li^ In iLe aamma'af ITW 
b* eairiad out kkb* «spmn>mta on toaad 
and tight, aftarwanl* eoinniuiucal«d to tb* 
Uojral Swinty, whicli tartamd th* ttartiaf* 
pmst for bi« •abttqacBt thaorj of ' inlet* 
foKDoe.' AA«r apcndioe pwt of 1799 in 
aucndin^ ibe Lundaa hoapitala, he erta- 
UhImnI lunu«lf in uradice as a tiliysiekn u 
48 W*Uw«kSiKai,XoadoD. Ue i^tino*!!, 
homvpr, bi* eontribulinns lo lii^murr and 
•ciancD, aomctiineii iiiidM bU own nanrv 
aotoetimeaMianvniaiuIy.to arnid tbrdhai^ 
of all<i<rui)r ollnr Mudiei lo lake bii dlen- 
liuu frum the duliea of Lis piofrknoa- 

lu July 1^1 be wai aiiwiint^ ptofeMM 
of iMloral pliilofophr et Ibe ItujivlInMiW- 
tion, editor of tb<> ' Jniintal',' and 
Idident of tbc bou*r, with a f«lar 
and rooms. Between J aeunt; and'^ 
be deUvcred lliir1r>ane, and ncjl ■_ 
Wtum, wLif-b be afliTWrardii ( ItW) 
liftbed. Hi* Iccluhn diBplayed ibp eiu 
ordiuarj widiU of his Miquaintacce wilb b 
•iil^»cl», but ven 100 didactic and ta^ 
donand for thp popiilnr n>idi>inc<u- 10 whm 
lluiy were delivered (I'ikis). Up rroiard 
Ike profesiunbip in J ulx 1603, a* hi* bwnli 
uoaaideied llie diitini interfered with ka 
pr«speci« as a phjaieian. In IMS be <w 
fl[)poial»d foreign rocrrtury to ihe Itoial Siv 
rii>iy, and hold that oll>c» till liisdi-alh. la 
Uaivb ISOahiT Willi ndiiiil|p<l at C^wbiidp 
lo Iho dcorco of UM.. and on 2 July IW 
took tlw degnw of M.l). 

Tbo Miniiner uf l>^a wni uprnt piofe»- 
aioiialljr at Worlbiii)c. tbeu a fubunaU* 
walering-placv, and ib» visit was re^eabd 
aDuiiall* UU 1&(K Voasg LaitDR in IW 
acouirad a hoiM« ibare. 

lie bcenmn a candidalo of ih» Ccdltpct 
I'hvaiciana on 30 S«fi(. l^Oti nnd fi-llovM 
:»1>in;. 18l». llewna cuMor io ISlSurf 





Young 



395 



Young 



11^23, and Crooniaii In^uivr tu lb« cxiUeKe 
in lts:!2 Bad ii*23. UurJnn Iho wintcn of 

|| 180U anil ItSIUlu'itrliirrHl at tlip Middltwi 
]]oH{iil*l tBUCOUTHti i.if WlutVB uu lonlwal 

i[ aaienef knd lb pnetioe of pl>,vuv, ai'iervAnla 
(1813) «BilMM)i»ii in lii* noik on ni«iiic*l 
UurMunvu Ldk« Uiii loclnr** at Uio Uojal 
inatilutkiD, tfai-j vtn ton coiidcnMd to 
ttUmct many Mwluuta, aihI wmb unlj 
apwady uloodcii. Un I^i JaA. Ibll bf wm 
nected phyaioian to til. Obutrl-'* Huspilul, 
Loiwlod, a putalioB lie rHluincdtill liuiit-ulh. 
In It^U, St tliB raquml of iha oiltuirutly. tii- 
nportvd on • jimpnMd change in Ihn molbod 
of baildin)i«bipi|/'AiV. Tranf.iUlH. I)uf 
itifi tbe MiiM war liu tH^comf n tacinbcr of n 
vomniittei: ef tlip ttoyul f^H-iL-ly ni>puint«l 
lit tho rdiiKirt of (be sEi'ivlary of stalu lu 
ioniMical* ibit ritk altvudiii); ibi- (nopoMd 
)[iiii-niI(iiir3diii.'tion of gkain Ixnidun. Ibo 
i>r<u[l« of llio «iprTiiiHiiiI> made by th« coia- 
mitli-u removed all fi.-ar if ilnnKG''- I" ''^IB 
hn wai appoinini w-cn!tnry »f ■ commiuion 
Ear aswrtaininK tlit? lenbtb uf tbi! ■ccuhiIb 
pvndulum. Tbia cuimninuiin ■ub»M|ueDlly 
wcomuicudMJtLuMtabliiikiui-iitof lliBprriwiit 
* ijiip«:rial ^lon ' of ten pouiids of vau-r. 

In \oi>mnbi>r I^IS Yonae wa« ajipnintril 
tJtfnTiMtiuiottt n( iito 'Na<ili<?Al Almnnnr' 
with a aalory of IWM., and H'civtnry oftlic 
noooatitutvd board of lon^luilc, witb o 
ftntlMt *abwT <f( SIX)/, pur ntinuro. Ill* 
<^iii«n tliat tite* Xmiiical Almanae 'ohould, 
aa in the pa«i, tiippU oulr iaformalioit of 
iniporlaDoo in naTifralioa, broughr Uied into 
coiitlict n-Jlli many a*tnnioni«n of thf day, 
wlio wijli«d it to he i-nrrini Out on tho maro 
liberal lonle ul' ibe ' Kplii-mi!rl(l«i ' pubbdwd 
alKuad. WliKU in l>i2ti Ibe board of lati)n- 
luile wiu dicsolved, and iba admiralty lu- 
•Umwl ili> function*, Yoiin|r< aa tnyvtiii- 
landunt i>f tlu ' Nnnlit^nl Aimaanc,' wna nn- 
poinccd an advimr to Uie odmimliy, Hnd ibn 
Bgitatiimforrcfurai wainsunn-'d. IlUdcatb 
put an vud to tbe contv*!, and on ihi^ ruport j 
at ft eDOamilti-u uf tbc AnlrouumiL'Bl Socii'ty . 
anMnaled toi^oubiderlbi-mHllur.llMi'Nauli- I 
cal Almannr ' took ila prf»f<iil forui. 

In lKl4 YounjE rtl.lrfiil friiiu pnu'tic'? u* a 

phytictan, bitrin^ bcrn nppdintHcl inapeclor 

of mlculuiiuns to tliu I'liliadiuni l*(iuanoe 

CoiBfniiy nt n aalary of utKJ/. pnr annum. 

WiiliiTi ibe iitixt two yuani l»* publislKd 

f aatisral pap»r* dealing witb Jifi- auurancv. 

, Darinii two vi»ii» to I'sris in 1^17 artd 

' 18^1 luv ha'l niitl mnfi of th» HiNtinguiahi-d 

I t'rvltck m'u:nlittf, and wni^ i-WtuH on I>.\il4l. 

le^ionc of tbe night forvign racmbrnoftlw 

Fruiiob Acadumy of Sci«u.'L>. In iii^ii lie 

%'ijij|(!d Pari* on bis way to Gputvn, wburv 

Ilia MKngtli cuuuDfuoMl to tibow tigu» of do- 1 



Ray. IIp wuk gmdoally aiul died on 10 Uav 
IttiJO. at liii boiui- in I'utk .Saunrc, to Rbicn 
bo liad r«iiio(i.-d >u IVSti. ilv wa* interred 
at Faruburuugh, Kent, lit- left di> iiiiiie. 

Ileniiirriird.ou 14 Juiio \ijOi, Eliaa^lT^ft- 
ISfitf), »<>C'>itd dniigbi-^r of Janrna IVimroM 
Uaxnvll of Hit llartnv Slrtwi, I.andi>n, and 
TubbMidena, Kent. 'I li« raarrintrB woi a n, 
markably bappy not!, and tbe rriaiiotiH li«> 
tv«n Voiing unci lii* wifo'* family imra 
alway* musl alfi-ctionBtv. Mr*, ^uting/'a 
brutlirr nua Caplaia <>eorgi.- Dvrkeley Mujc- 

w,>ll, li-X-O'l'l-l'^'Jl- 
Yoang bne lieen jiiftily cnllixl ' tii<^ fotHKUr 
of pbytiii logical optiu' (TMueHXi.vul. Ila 
una tbu Hr^l to prnvi: conclusirely tbni tbo 
aciMUHUadaliun of llw i-yo for viiicn at 
dilEerunt iliitaiici-'s waa due lo cbanue of cur- 
vature of Lbi* cri'Btalliuti Imib (PAif. Trail*. 
i7!l3). Hi* ouiuiou tbat iha leu* itti-lf was 
muscnlnr tion, liowevor, not bwn confirniiTd 
hv Biom nwt^nt work. Uia mimioir ' Un 
tlie Muchaniim of tbo Eye' (A. ItiOl) com* 
(allied tbo lint dmcriplion and nrnMire- 
munt of uiigniBlisui, and a table uf opiiud 
ooualaula of ibe l'vv iu cluaeafr^nncui witb. 
tDO'tern dut^rmi net Ions. H« lirtl explained 
rnloiir ai>nfial.i<iQ an due In tbu prfM^icv in 
lh>' n-lina of alniMurMiicbicb respond tnth*' 
tiirea colour*, nd, (pvea, nnd Tiolct rrapco* 
livelv {LeHtire*, i. 13f, 410), Bod colour 
bliudnL-M aa due to tbe inability at one or 
niure oftbHSeatruciuTvai^Napondnunnally 
to atiDiulua (1*6, ii. Si't). Youbk's ilwoiy 
baa been aiipnnrt^d nnd (•it.irndvd oy Ilolin- 
bnliz ; and altboiit;li n rival tbcwry diia to 
Uctinit ii TiTfTanlvd niib favour by many 
pkyiiolciKiits i^t'oBUiH), lUcro arc plkcnouiena 
unVavuurable to tbal cbtur>* (TtKUKBHiKOi 
DCRCII), 

Uf utbor oontributioDS coniiticivd iviili 
bit) iirofewinn two of lb« taoM. nnlawortliy 
art* tbe Cronnian lecturo tn tJin Knysl 
^neiuty 'On th« b'liiunicina of Ihu Heart and 
Artcriw'(,Nov«nbur IWJo. fiil. 'J'rana.i, iu 
wkicb tiie lavra rv)i;ula1iii)( ibe flun uf blood 
lbroii|>b. the bodv are clearly ilaled i and ita 
prtd«v'«««or, ' tlvdrxiilic luvi-ili^HCioua' 
i .May lAWsJ'jtiV. r'wnji.),on wbicblt di'prndtk. 
Hi* vrork on 'Mndical l.ilRiutnro' (liilS) 
nraa tbo molt cumpk-te of its kind for many 
yuan, and rcnelied a xwund edition Ut^^t; 
wbile bia ' I'thcIichI and llinlUTicul tLsaay on 
Couauinplive Uim.-ani's ' ilHld) waH a coi^ 
danaed acci'iint of all tlwi naa tken known 
on tbo riibjoct. 

Wlion ^ nuiitc bognn to irril<i oii pfayiiML 
optica, tlii? wnTo tbuory of ligbt (IliinoUSa, 
Trailf df tn Lumiirf, inUU) bad nnldi- litllo 
bead way ugaiuBl iliinval lliecniiauon tbeory. 
Vouug aiipported tiin vravu tlieory ta lua 





mfm tin wfciifc *ajt- 







A 
&3U) tkM ifc> 

liAetargr, -na am tW ««*• AeMT k 

ri if 1 ' ife tktfkitr «r tte 

TW a- th» JMfotowJ WM JiTJaprf fcy 






fliiHd bgr ToBw (nmy ^ £^ mJ 
Catotm, Prop. tiT.) m dw to tb* wcilla- 
t>oi» of tbe Mirrial partieto wt in mmi-in 
b; llta Mbtr Tibnlinna, aflacliaK the Utirr 
to u •mamt drpciwlinjt on tbcir rrH|iic«n. 
Ttiit vspluuuioti lui bwut KttmiM bj ^11- 
imjtr, nelinbaiu, and (Kbrn iuto complete 
thtar>M of dupvnion fit shanrimit inciJta, 
Tba fJbanoiMW «z]ubit«d by poUni«d 




«rtk 
ofiw 1^ -f « Mr"** 



aadlW 
tf iW faM mitod M a InJr bM th« 

tto>^»tefc it w MmaLwiM 

■MiaBiaMda ■■ dw- 

W 4il^M iW*MBMM-(V(Maf^ 

■.I M iW <Mi^ «Udh miU 4raU» 

O* loKik of » nd rf MHt cmM-Mctira u 

*" u «M Wdf I ZAfMfT*. L 137). II* 

jIxulFictat,M4 Sir H^ipiwjr Parr 7^(T 
■»tttlfaiMfiwMitTrf«aT*nMfi»] tJir-^ 
•(bMt tXpTftft 1801, ^bit. rrwM.), I 
kU llM it coMiMd of vibntnoa of i 
MnidM of befitt. *Ur;«ruid ctnonrthn' 
ifcoaa df ligkt '(£«''-'«, L 664). 

T««fu'»-TlMan-ofifa* TidM,' pT«n flnrt 
uibia'LMMMa'ip. &Td),i]Moiii ' NicU- 
•on** JoittBil'(I8l3), and not* Moflrtdf 
ta tb« ' Eaerdtrndia BrilaniuM' 6tb rdi)- 
( lea) ( »V*n. u. iMl). expUiiwd ■ — •*» 
phmonen iban anjr Mbtf tlieoix I 
U«o«^ B. Airr** arfieleon 'Tideaaadl 
■pp(«r«d is lb* ' Eocvclonndia Mt 
taiia><.l.v.(lftU). 

Young CMilribBled to tbo fuppUoMillM 



-laawnll*" 

J 



tbe ' Rncfclo^Hedia ]tril«niika' (Rib edit.) | 
aevcMl •cicntiHe nrliclon contnminjt irapov^ i 
tMit rmults of Ilia own— e-g. ' UTi<l|{e,* ' Co- 1 
boiooi,' numpTuaa ljiogru|iLi<>H, «.(;. Ilou. 
llvnrv CnvvLJirli [i^. v.l Sir Bviijauin 
TliviupviD.coiiiil vi)nitiiml(ir<],aii<]Coulai>ib; 
And (o Itmnii'n Jotimul Kirroml Rrticln* on 
geodetic itnd utmnomkal itibJRCii. 

SInny ntiimpi* bad btpn mndy diirinff the 
•i|[{it(ii:«tb Cfnliiry lo iiitrrprrt the hirnr- 
f[Ivnliir insL-rijili'.iDs fouud uu Ef^'pluii rr- 
muiu, bul ull biiil fuilt'd. It bad btri-ii 
conjoclured, brtweipf, ibnl «omH nt lufwr ..f 
tlw cliaiacl«ro rppnupnlod Koiind*, nnd ibnl 
tbOM oncloMtd in nn nviil line rrjirmnntnd 
proper nomi'ii. U'lirn. iu I7!)9, a tablet wa* 
dincoVL-rvd iiT IEomiMii, nt ihu moulh of tb« 
Nile, witb a dtonw rif ib^ primtB iiiscribFil 
oa it in blFro(;ly|ibii.' (^»l<.'[Vll),(^Ill;llorial (cur- 
•iTe). and (iivek clianict^n", it was Men that 
tbe Or<wli Ta'ighi .ifTird n rliie to thn inlpr- 
pntatton of th« Mevplinn innrriplinni. SiU 
VMtra do Sftcy fir»t ini'-rjiiv tnd ibri>« proniT 
narom in the i-nchorinl U-xl, nnd Akt-rblnd 
and (.'hniiipoltiou diiirix^diu huvp I[iter|in>tvd 
the viholv at it, bitt itp lo 1^11 D<-itber bud 
publiabed uii iul>.T|in-tnlioii. In flctuber 
of tbat jvar V<iiiiig rommiiiiicAlod to 1)^ 
Sacj s C'lniplfln lrnii<lAii(in of iho onrborinl 
(or, 8" il i» nnw cnUi>c1, dvmolif 1 t»xt, and 
in 1615 piiblisbnc] (Archtrot'^ia, vol. jiviii.) n 
OOcnpwUoii of ihc l.riiiBlntioiiB of llit^ iI«no- 
tio sad Greek Ifils. In n Ielti>r to I>e 
8«C]r (3 Aug. I^IG) b» nnnouncnd bis dif- 
tnvtrj tbat the demotic cbiriu'liira irern not 
•II ai|ili«bi>lic, but tbnt noniR wrn uTmbo- 
lie Bt noxt year he bod found tbnt thi- 
«ncharia1 phanwWrs wptb derived from thi- 
hieniglypbic. kjxA in ISiB bo wrot# for tbo 
*Biieyclop;i'i]iH BritanniL-a' Ibe justly celo- 
bntcu article ' 1-)j:y|'t,' in wbicb be pointi'd 
out tbo phonetic chnmrli-r of tlin bi'iro- 
glypbg in thp ovnU, ivliieb be found to bn 
royal nnnr's. From I be immr ["tolpiny ( I'to- 
Vmaoi), wbinb orcurn'd levrriil (imt-* m tin' 
Itoadta iniicri|>tionB, bo obtaini>d ibo bioro- 
glypliH now trunnlittrulod />, ', ', m, y, k, and 
to wkicti he aMign«<) ib^ valiipji p, f, olr, m. 
i,M, rwOMtircily, nnd from oilier portions/, 
to wbicn he gaTe tlip enrtvc* vnluo. IIIh 
itnalyi>ia of nn nvnl contaiuint; Ibu anniRof 
n«n)nice in on inM-'rlplion at Ktiruak wu 
not *o bap|iTi only oiip Ir-tlvr, «, being cor- 
i«ct~ Iu adjitiou lo \\w bcj^onin^ of a 
hien)(!lv|ibic nlpbabi-r, Youne gaTn in his 
articif' • hii>niii!y[ibic vorabulary of abonf 
liro hundred cigns not olpbaliciir, moat of 
which hare bnen conlirmi-d by moro ri«cnt 
niwtorch. 

In ISi'l CbarapoUion, wbo had conliuuod 
iii> tttudjarEgyptiauinacriptivna, (nibli&bed 



K iTork, ' Do riicrituri) [lifrntii|nc de* An- 
cieuB E^yptionViu'^bu^b \u- iinli'd tbnl thn 
liierDKlyP"^ were ' signit of tbiiigi utid not of 
aoundi. lleforo anolht-r tear Lad poui-d b« 
rhnngtid his opinions, and, Hfijjlyinfc Young'a . 
method to an oral cnnlnining tbt< naui^ 
Oi-opnlra, obtained tbo hieroglyphs for k uud ' 
r, aud an Blti-riiulivc onn for /. Fmoi t.bi» 
poiiAl hi ■. yvK'^tvsa was rapid, and hii mcmo- 
ru'il- -ini!. ' IVfciB dii -SyaliniH llifrogly- 
pbiijiLr' ..|.|ii :i;'.il in \^'i\. The- piinilM. but 
virtimlly iii<ii |.'JLil.'iit, iuvwliiraiiom of tlm 
two ((■biibit'. ui'L' iducidati'd by liunouf iu 
' ProciTdinit* of tbn Society of BiUiu«l 
An'hiiidojiy ' (xix. IKS ot w>q.) 

Iu Xovtynbtr IS^JL' Voun([ dincoiTHl that 
an aucit'iit Grovk miiiiu»i.Ti[)l hrougbi by 
(i. I'. Grey of Oiford from Tlii:bi« was » 
translation of a deiuolic [Mijiyrua in th* 
Paris collection, wbicb be wna at tbu tinia 
atudying. It minted lo lbs talv by tlia 

Crieala of thu otTeriuK* made to iIm guija oa 
nhalf of uvrtaia mummies, and enabled 
many new facta with rcspirct to tbn dt^inoiio 
eharocter lo be estattlislied. TIibsp Yowny I 
mode known, logfrtfaerwiib bis orijiinal work 
on biiT(i(r!yphB and the adviineoB aitice mado 
by Cbampmllou, in bis "Account of nomo 
Kui'eiit Diftcon'ries in ilierotflynbii-Hl Lite- 
ralureaud Kf^-ption Antii]uitio« (|i^2;{). lla 
k^pt up fur tbe nwt of bis life a eorn-spon- 
dence on Egyptian subjocts with Sir W, 
(ifll and Chaoipolliou, and m-as engngcil OR 
nn KfTvpiian dii'tiouary at the lime of hia 
death. 

Young canltibul«d to tbe 'Quarterly Ite- 
vicw' «i>viTulBrcbicologica],pliiloloKicai,aiid 
critical urticlm; and to tho supplmneut lo 
the ■ Encyclopedia Brltniinico ' (6ih edit.)' 
thn nrlielo ■ t^ii^uagr,' and several Uvea of ] 
scholars- c. If. liicbaxd Poreou [ij-V-} 

Youuji, lboU(ih not quite so tall »a reiire- 
HTiilvd ui bis portrait, was well formed in 
person, and look gTcnt delight in bodily 
exervise. 'Uia languoic was correct uud 
bis iitl*r«tice rapid, llis tetnpr was re- 
mnrknbly nTcn, a consequuncn pMhably of 
bis early training, and hia domestic life sin- 
tculnily happT. lie -was cmplioticolly a 
man of Irulh,' * could not bear . . . lh« 
aligliteiil dt<gree of rxaggeration," was ' in all 
the relatioua of life uurifcbt, kind-hearted, 
gsasraiu,' and 'eniirrlv free from cllber 
envy or jnalonsy' (Gubxh*!. He waa 
'accustomed lo mciprocalu viMts wilh tba 
be-it society," ' and Was alwava ready to tuka 
bis part iu a dance or a glee, or to join in 
BDv licheoiH of am u cement calcubited to(»TO 
life and interest to a party ' ( I'kacock). Hi« 
«ucceM aa a pby«iciuu was not so great as 
might have been expected. lie practised la 




Young 



398 



Young 



■0 »fo irhfa 'rijoroiw n^ourea' were 
tbouvht iIm aalf aaoa wo(tti5 of a pw 
^jMcUn, KMd hi* (arrf 111 M udjr of ajuifiiom 
honlsr Co ««« kt tli* miwh of * dmu« 
«W imt tlovn bj hU contpmponria to 
iNkknew. vai i1>« ftcknovlrdgid »uce«aa of 
Idi IrMtneni va> nublo ia imurre tliu 
iBpraaricn, Sit B«nj«iBia Brodie [a. t.] 
BOBtUerfd thM Yoiuif; ' was riibrt not llt«d 
ftr«plin)ciMi,orv*« loo eiurotaed in othrr 

CnuiU.' Yoiui^ kimaelf (l^H) f*>^= ' ' 
f* bns foitunsM raongb ... to acquire 
D pTBttj pMxl pnmonioo ta thoac ikintfi for 
whirti aRlnsBca u prineiuliy il««iml . . . 
but I an not the ntoie in Idtc with inj jiro- 
feMion.' 

MaoT of Young'* writittsa bavs boan 
rhuwicriMd M otmm*. n'lil* the ckar^ 
bu *onM foaBAatinn if ooaflaed to bu 
MiliHT, it i* iitgiwt to riirtid it to hii lal«r 
work*. Tlw intclltctual itoUlioo «f bi« 
MrlT year*, ami Ihc ««**■ wiih wfaidi. i-arry- 
iag ant hii motto, ' ^^'kat mw lut dnna 
■notbcr can do,' be uiriBOunled difficultMs. 
KfMkrvd him ignorant of Uia litoitatioa of 
tbe powcra of otban, and h* thoufbt it 
BMHUr; to gira only a bw atepa of bit 
UgiUDMit to retid<T Ibo whole coutw of il 
cltar. Ilia contciopt for analjltntl pro- 
nWiW, entf(^n<)l■ml no doubt by tlt^f torpid 
Goaditionof mathMuaiical »tudio> at Oun- 
bridoe in bi» liaM, mada luin cut down all 
Blg«bruc work to a miiuMtiini, anil hi> 
■naitMDiatioil paprn an moat opi-n to tbe 
cfaaife of oliwunty. IIih le«titrv« are, on 
ilia contrary, a 'miuu of good thiegahappilj 
axnriMed ' j Dt: MooQUr). 

IliN mlknpuv at iho Royal Iiwtiltition 
aaid of him : ' Hv wtis a moit amiaUe and 
mod-IiMiiptfrt^ man ... of imivrnal cru* 
dilinri. and almrnt nniTcrsnl accumpliah- 
Bii-til". lUiI hi- Hmitpc! biuiM-lf to any on« 
di'pitrimriil of hnowli'dp.% be must bare 
bivn th? lint in ttiat degmrl uienl. Hnt r« 
a mnllLcmHtlciaii.a HchoUr, a hinrv^lrpht*!, 
be wn9 riniueni, and hi^ knew >o much that 
it wuH difticull to any wliat be did not knuw' 
(Darr). 

No opinion rxpnvscd in reoent timeeis 
moro worthvofntl«ntion than thai of Helm- 
bolK. wlio in the vast alteiit of his know- 
iMge and thu impoTtiinro of hi* ronirihii* 
tion« t(» Bcii-nci- ki niucfi r^nmbl'^ Ynong. 
Hu tava; ' II"^ waji onij of thn nioit rU*r- 
Bighled uj»n who hnni rmr livnd, but lio bad 
llw misforlniio 10 bii too ifrcnllT mipprior in 
■agaoily to hi» cnntomporBriM. They nattd 
at him with aitoninhiutrnt. but cotild not 
alwnya follow the- bold flig^hla of hia Inlel- 
Wt, and thus a muhitudei of hia nioat im- 
portant tdcaa lay buried and fbrgotten in tbc 





|Tt«l Umcaofthe Royat Soridyof U 
till a Ut*r pamattoti in tardy adi 
made hia diwovi-riri and eonriiMcd itaaUrf 
thr ueuncy and fonw of hii intnvnam.' 

Younf pub!i>hrd thi^ foIIiiwin4[ 
1. * A, ConriF of Lpcl'uva on Nalurat) 
eophr and thrr Mei-kanicitl Art^,' ' 
2 loU. Ito; new td-, ediiod hr Pmf-i 
Kriland. lUfK i toI* Svo. S. • .\n Utro.' 
du«lion to Mnliral Uti-ratun*. innliidini • 
Syitcmof IVoetical NosoIoiet,* 1SI3, ^»; 
npw Fd.,witboua* on * iUpltaltona' added, 
il<Z3. 3. 'A l>nactnl and Hiatotical 
TrntiM on Con^umpiiie Ilif^a*r«.' M\ 
S»o. 4. 'L«it*f of Canoia and Mi>aioi»of 
ViM^IJ on thr RI|nB Mnrblm.' IVmalalad 
(anooToaoii*), I»*lB, Svo. 5. ' 
Illixtratinnii nf Ibc Cvloatini ^Iwhaaio 1 
I^AplaCD.'I^I.SvoL 0. 'An .\c«TinI oft 
Itrccnt IKicor erics in Hi^roffli^iical Lit* 
turv and K^'plian Anii<)uiliea,' l^S, ^ 
7. ' Encbotial bg; p* iaii Diet ionary , 'app 
to th« ■ Bfupam (iramniar ' by llirnry ' 
taa [<!- T.y 

Aooltoctianaf inuulaiiona, 'UCuttmI 
talmoloitiquc* dc Tbomos Ycunj;,' taade 1 
Kditcd with ftreat aympsthy and can by 
Tachemin^, waa publislvd in \8M. 

AptNlmt oTYoiinjr.painipilby SirTLama* 
Lawrence [q. v.] fi^r llu<Uon rj>iiwiy, iiao« 
in tlie poaaaanon of Mr. J. II. Cinmry. 1-P.. 
of Keewick Hall. Norwich. A oopy by llenrx 
P^rroent Brims* [q. v.] *'"• piresMitt-Hl byfloi- 
fontiumey totbi'lioyal twiety in 184j^»ad 
ia now in tbe aociety'a rootiu at Burlingi«a 
Jlouae. Asecondcopyby'nioinaeBrifMnrir 
[q. T.] waapreaHilea to the f^cemora nf Si. 
Geoi^'a llMBital by friend* and nueik of 
Young in Ittti.and nowfaaeiraintii* Vatd- 
rooni. .\ third ropy by Minna Tnykr(If8l) 
hania in thecontbiualKiti rooom at r.nnDaaatl 
Colli'RT'. Cambridm ; and a fourth by Btigp 
is in ihe pnaeMioo of A. E. Youair. 0%. 
An i-nf^iing by Genrf» Itanbae) ^\'ard frc« 
Lawreuce'a portrait forma ibe fronti>|Mceof 
Peacock'*' tifcof Yonnjf,' Otbcm form iba 
fVonliapiocoa of I'cltiffraw'a 'l.lfc of VouO^ 
Tyndall's ' I.ijilit .' and T«chCTnin it's ' 'Kin 
(>plitntiii<il'i(ri'ium.' A n>»moriaI tablet « 
profile tD<^:lHltioii b^ ^ir Fmncia (?baD' 
'q. r,], ami inwription b» Oum^r, n to 
aeen in We'tminalcr Abh>^v, and anoci 
memcirial h in lh<! t^hin- llall at Tantdoa. 

1851 

Uislicral rertnii' (lalhey. 1810. Minlaia 
pli'ie Mill of Young"* irrilinga; Pta«q(tf* Lib at 
Yoiinic. IIUJ): Youne'* Worln: Ft^oaoilMl 
TriLnmotioaa ■>( thn r£')yal JSotJety; Rtannacf 
the Bml SMi«tT. 1897: .Mi>o*llnaM«a Vnti 
of Dr. Thoma* Young by Peacock and lt*A, 



i 



>nni«y'> Momoir of Dr. Thamai Yoia^ 
1. Hixt priilKraa'a Life of Yonoc in (at 





\'oung 



399 



Young 



S volh I8i4; Jaiirnnl or ihs Rnjnl InoTiiiilion. 
mi, u. 313: Bonn Jnavas Boynl Inatituiion. 

nMilo|;i^ui» dv Tliimni Yuuiit;. 1891; Ftmtfr'* 
J'bisiulOicy, Dih «il- 1900. ir. 1343-81; Riireb. 
fhil.Tnn<.BlsSe,pp.I.33; Whrvcirt llitlonr 
of ihc IndiiriiinSt-iciicai, Xnl mL il. 31 S at sKj. : 
RoMebrntKr'* ll<wi'liii-lit"' ritr Phyiik, »ul. iii. 
poMiiiii: (.linltia*! Kppurtiin CipUluf Atlnirlion, 
and LtuyO'i Rojori on Opiiciil ThmriM. BciiiiJi 
AMC<iAlkin. 1834, iJiinim; liln>iil>T\><ik'i> (tK^iurl 
on Uptltiil Thforir-", llrilinli AwH-lnlimi. IKS.i.p, 
SIS: FrKD^i* Aniyn. *E'iTfw,i. Hl-tl {EWo 
'fawt«r<qK da Ilr. Tlvimni Ycianir'i : Aut[u*lin 
Ttttbd'v (KuTrfs )?«t^i'Tj ; ll^irrtiw'^ Skftrlivi of 
lb* fiojal SociL-IT. IM». p. 172: Lifu of Sir 
linaptir^ D«it. I'V h« broihor. 1830. p. *2a, 
noce, ililui I'T'Tftda. IS3I, y. !>3; lljiwhina't 
Wwk-irfKr'K, Bn»ii.. i ai: Mi>"t» Cull, of 
Pliji. ill. 8U-S; llDlmhoki'i PopiitiLre *i»on- 
•ck*filit.-hc VnrtNrcc ii. 47; Do UmBan'* Me< 
fiiairt, |i. \i/i ; Ituiiu- Itnlla Ilulory of ihv S\aiiy 
nf JlHlWniHlir* nl (.'aniljriili!''. pp. ST ft Hq.l 

OoIk«tioBof lettcnofYonngtoUuiltonGuroGy. 
Iriudlvkst Iry J. II. Gumay.eM,,J.r.. Nnrwlcli, 
W, Vnuiic, wi,. J, P., Droilwicli, A. B. Vvuuc. 
Miq., Knrl'ii Conit. Colonrl O. !*. MaiwrlL, iih 
Wtjlion riflo brignclp, Miii A. M. ChnmWr*, 
knil J. It. I'mcc, isii.. Kiiinmnuiil CuUi^tT". '■'*ii>- 
bridg*] »;. U. L. 

TOUNO.\VIl.LtAM(jf.165:J),niu.iciiin, 
' of tuiknowii purviilagf and rtlucntiuii. won n 
difttapiislied perrDrmi^r uti tbu viol. Ilv 
' tooli tirrricv as a liouw-liold miisieiaii vilh 
I ibe Couat of Inn»priick. .1. noii«Aeaii, a 
FAritiaa TinlUt, di'sfrihimt hew Ih" Kii(rliih 
hail cairii-d tht^krt of plnylnu niidcainpiuing 
for the Tii»l« into othfT counKim, luimca 
'Wnlil-.'rnu nl tli« Snxoii courl, 'It'fudti^r' 
{Qrnr^ Bullrr, mcnlioiivd tiy Wadswortli) 
ftl llw'SpaiTiiJi court, 'Pri'L*' {JrAtu Prii-ylal 
Vi«niia, ' J*ning niiprfs ilu Comtn d'ln- 
flpriik ' Vf. IliiiM-;, William, nnd Siiir. 
tax, TiiOHAD, ff. 1020], u dixtiiiKuinlKHl 
'•xftBplrii of ilii>ii> miiiirjil tniMJoiinriM. 
'"WaylorJ includi^d nn ' Allmuiin.-' and miro- 
Imiidr br William Vuunj' amnni* llic k-»unH 
in lablattirt^ f>>r ihi^ Ijrn-viul which con- 
stitute lli^i flrvt ^nri nf ' A MiiMcnl tlaiiqiicl,' 
, IDA) ; anil rnprinti'd tlii'in In ' Ui>[;rcstioni> 
: for »bc l.j-m^'iol,' le-JJ. Tli» Miition of 
I IflBI contninn n third pii-co by Voiing, nn 
• AjTe: ■ latLTi-diiionHunlv two. Un the cdi- 
tiacof lUGll iBOilvi-rtist^d' FanlBsii'sfur \ lols 
ofthrMpBTtH.' by William Youu^. Walth^r 
Mja tlial Young piiblinlii'it a ollvctiou of 
BOoaut for ilin'o, four, iind livi> Inxironipnl*, 
^ IlUiM>riicl<, liWl, drdipnli-d to thf. Arplididtc 
' Fewnnnd Chnrlo. No co]iy of citlicr toU 
. lection it now known, Somi- nf Y'ouiiff's 

S'tci^s an amunK il"^ mniiiuuriplii in tuc 
nioe Sdioolj Oxford. ^Vood (Jatea e/ 



EnylM -ViMiViVm', VCooA St.SS. 1!) |) iv. in 
the Bodluiutj Librarj' ) navi onlv ibnt Young 
wsA • viulist, iim) piililiiliiHl * I'*Bnciiui * in 
IStW. In tfan inlc cnlolaxuic of Tliotna* 
nritton fq. v.] Y'onnit'* lunntiis nri! mvn.' 
tionrt) (iUnitim, H'at'irti <tfM\iHi;c. 1«8>: 
Mid in • calato;^^ of Ilpiiry Itavfurd, I0dl 
(Bajpord's cultirit:', llnrlmn >^$S. 0039), 
• Mr. Y'ooiijf's »'>«>iiJ i*t of wdwt MBgfl fbr 
five toi! sis voici-s4to.' 

AsTiiox* Y'ocso {jf. liCO-irW), oignnirt 
of Si. f'lfmpnt llnni-i. t^lrand, miiv hnvc 
been fvkti-d to Wdlinm Vouiic. He pub- 
btbrd n H.-t of iK>u^ ill ITO'.Hiul ftomc aiiitiw 
for harpsicbuni i<r §[iiiii'l. The coiDpoailiou 
oftbi! iiHlionul ntiiVm wos nwribed to An- 
thony Yoiiiii; by th<- lUv. .Mr. llonalom in 
IMti, wilb thp HiBrriion ilmt ('ifcilia Arno 
\i\. \?, Y'oiiiia's dnufihtpr. bad recHvcd a 
]inn*i(i'n from ti«irt;i' III in n-i-oj-nitioii of 

thr fact (ClUPPKLL, pimHtar .Itvri'r of I he 
Olden Time, p. fJ9S). But IlasvkiD9(f/f>- 
tory of JUmif, c. 170) saj's Mrt. Anie auil 
Mra. l.ninjKi Two nndcV l.mri;, Joiis 

FbEPKUICXJ W«TV dnutcbtwn of CharV* 
Y'nnn);. nrRfnniat of .\ininllow>. flnrkin); ; and 
ihnuifh HuniPv {it. iv. 603) ciilN their 
fntUitf Anthony Younjr. be jUIi-b thut hn 
wan organist <i( S(. l-'utliariut.- (.'n.-y by ihu 
Tuwer. llcnslowcV panipbli'l d'".-* not ■[)- 
pt>Hr in tbM cninloi^ii-iinf llio Itrilisb Miiwiini 
Bud Bixlieinn I.ibmrir«; and no olhurcvi- 
dcDCV ha» nv«T Wrn ditcovornd in unpporl. 
of hi» aasnrlion. The oldml known version 
of tbct tnne (IltinnoniiT Anyli^iia, c, 1712) 
11 inferior lu thr piwut viTsioii. 

[Jbin Kunw"'"''!) TniiiJ ilo luVi.jlt. Parii^ 
lSH7.p.lH; WaltFior*) Mu^iMti-rliGfi Lexicon. 
I.c-ipKrn, 17S2. an,* Y'(>nng : ' Dutpj* ilitinry of 
KoKlinli M=.ic, pp. 2«(i, 3S2, 402; J.jhri Play 
(iird'* nnd .Anlboay Y'ounu'i piililicntioim in tile 
Hriiiah Muit'iim. Itoyal ColU'sa of J!u>ir. and 
B^lcixn Libnirlot.] II. D. 

YOUNG, Sia WILLIAM, aecondharwwT. 
(IT-JfllSLIl. coloninl gayi-Tnot, bim at 
(Tharltan in Kent in IWi'inber 171!), wmthu 
eldpat lOtiofSir W illitim Youn;;, lirM bnrDUct 
frf. 8 April ITf^S), Kt'vcnior of Dnmiiiica, 
by lii» second wife, Jvl;i«b«lh (J, 1^ Julv 
ISOl). only child of Brook Taylor [q. v!] 
In 17^7 ho naapiitiird nt Clara Hall, Cam- 
brid^e, but, imini-- difierenco ariiiiig, ha waa 
removed and matriculntcd fwrn University 
(.'oUege.nifard. on ■J(l Nov. ITOf*. IK- Bub- 
*«IuFnllv Iravulleil in Fniiice, Italy, autl 
Sicily, 'rpn co^iiM of an account of part of 
bis ioiirtiej'*, antitlcd ' A Journal of n 8iini- 
mei'* Hieuraion by the Koad of Monte- 
oaainn lo Xnnlei,' were privaldyprinlod hjr 
hitn about ]7'1. In 1777 bi> puUiab«l'Th« 
Spirit of At hcna, being a Political aud Pliil^ 




Voung 



400 



Young 



•ayUad InnHtintkn of lh« l&MCT of Uiai 
BcfHUic,' a «r<n wUdi braogiA «■ iom« 
&iBe. AO«riBui tianakiion irw ^iibti»h»d 
At Ifipfif in tbc MOM jnr, and nia* yc«ni 
lM«r, «fi*>r carefuS rrvnion, bo wood • 
iMwod oditiiwi, uilit1c>I 'The IlJaloTf of 
Atliana. politically and phitcwoyhw«lly eon- 
ridcrttd' (London. 4(0). A Uiiti Bditioii 
■frwMvd in IKIT | lymdon, 6roV 

On tlip sifDKiutv of tlw pr«liniiiiaricw of 
DMoeuitk fnnrvuii] iW V(iit«dSutM ia 
IT^, Yotrngwa* d«fiat«<I hvilw propricton 
of Taba|(o to tipgotials tbdr intvcevla at tbe 
I'rtficb court. Ua 1ft Jane 17t^l lie waa 
Rtumed to p«r)iaiii«4il iu llie wbiK int^not 
for tiut b(ir>UKl) of Si. Mawr* in Comvall. 
He ralaineil ini* Mat unul l^Otl. vlira bb 
wa* rdurtifd forlbc toHrn of Ilnckinirluun. 
On 15 June llsa bo wai elected a fdViw of 
tbn lloval Socictj. and on 2 June 1791 a 
fcUuw of (he Bocietj uf ^niiuiwric*. In 
17K^ he BMailitdia parlianeni Ui*iiropaMU 
of -HiomM Gilbert (1730-1708) [q.T.] for 
tli0 Tttona of ibo foot law-f in n pamphlet 
oBtitlod'Ofannntionii'Ti'liininary ton l*n>- 

nd .\iniiBdiBCiit of the I'oor Laws ' (l.on- 
, Svo). A> ■ propiietor of WvM Indian 
o«t«t«« he oppoaeii ibe niddt^u prolubitioaof 
tlie slave tnde, and a tyeeck ou ih« »ubj«et 
delivend by him in ibo Iloo«e of CommoM 
waa nubtiuurd in 1701. In that year he 
vbitM ibo West Indipo and wti>Ic an ac- 
Ciiunt of bii trnvcU, entiilcd 'A Tour 
tliTnUfrh the W'iiidwiird liland*.' In ItWl 
it wai linl jiublinhed ai an a^ndix to the 
■econd cdiTion of' An llidloricsl Surve,v of 
theliluud of Saiot Doming,' bv Itrjan Hd- 
murd* [q. v.], thn whoW work Wing vdilnl 
by Voiinj;. Some of the cojnc* n'orn iuiiril 
with a difii-rcnt title-pii(r» lu a third vnlnmi- 
of Kdn'nrdii'ii 'Hiiloryof itie liiitinli Colo- 
nial in the Wtml Indies.' 

Youuf! took a kwn interMt in exploration 
>ud travi-1. In 170^ h? wiiil.Mi llie 'Journal 
of 8uDiiu.'l lIcInK'a liiiriuif Lord Mamnno]r'« 
Embany 10 China aiidTnrlary' (London, 
Bn). fl" w«« fiir nomi! yenn Wfcrctafy to 
tho Aiuocinlinn for rroiiniliin(thel>i"corrry 
of Ihe lijlt-rior I'nrts of .\frii-ii, and in 18(K 
rdit«l fur lh« stfoaiid vulumc of tlieir 'Pro- 
ovedinKs' tbu 'Jounial of l-Triedrich Coo- 
rad] lloraemitnn'* 'l'r«vi>l« Irom Pairo to 
Mounoiih. the C'npitnl of tht^ KinKdgmof 
P'unn.' The juiimol vn% irnnrntrly imb- 
li'lmi in ihc' ■iirao ytnr (l.tinJcm, 8vo), and 
a (lornion edition BpiK'Bred at Wi-iinar. 

In 1H(I7 VoiuLj; uii-i unpointed (^veriior 
ofTobuf^.ii puAl. which hETiiituinuJiiiilii hid 
dvaih al ih^- |^)T«rnnii<iil lionfit- at Tobaffo 
in January 1816. Ho was twic.« marriod: 
Ant, on £2 July 17r7, to Sarab, daughter 



15 



'4 

«hl^^ 





and colieiT««a of Charlaa I.awivne«. 
b« bad four aoni — .WilliaiB Lavftncp. 
HBrry,CharlM,andOport(e— and tiro dangk 
tan: (MrabEliiabt-ib.marricd toStrftichard 
t>ttl<-y,chicfiqMi<i*ofC*yUiti: aadCaToline. 
mairind toTbomasltobaonofUoltby Huu*^ 
Yoilubire. Younc tnarri*d, (Mondlv. 
H .\pril irta. Barliara (d. I Feb. 1 
daaghivr of lUcbard Talbot of .MaUhii 
Castle, CO. I>ublin. A portrait of Yoniig 
wa« «aigrair#d by Thoiau UoUovay for 
' Kiirojwaa Magatiae.' 

B«id« tfw wnti* already ment.' 
Ywing w&( the authoc of: 1. *Tlie 
of Engtulnnen, or tha ItritUh Caastttm 
of Goremowiit ooraparcd wiib ibat of 
Democratic Republic.' London, 1703, 
3. ' An Account of tbe Btack Oiarubi in 
tbc Uland of St. Viaoent.' con^M from 
the papnm of the fint baronet. Laiuioa, 1 1%, 
Sto. S. 'Conudcmieowon l^>or)MaMaud 
Workbouaea : tfaeir IVruicinu« T< 
Loadan, ITDS, fivo. 4. ' Iiutiuci 
the Armed YtjamaDrr,' London, 17 _ 
■'■. * Com Trade : an Esaminaiioa of 
frommrrcial Principleii in their Applicalioi 
to .\griciiltnm and Ibn Corn Trade, ia rW 
Kourlh llook of Mr. .\dini Smith's *' WmIU 
ofXationa." With PropromU for tb» He- 
vival of the Statute* af^in*: Inrmt^lisg.' 
l.«odon, 1800, 8to. 41^ 'The Wot Irtdua 
Commonplace Dooh.' London, IWT, ^i^iii 
work narred by nanv inaccaraciM \tL 
Edintuiyk SeeUv, 1707; si. U5-«). 7. -A 
few I'oema writtan at diflerent refMi oT 
my Life,' Barbadoa [1814], 8to ifiinxA; 
prmlMl). Some ver»B*bv\oangapMaicdia 
th><- AuunalRefpiter*'(180l pp.It27. 9S^ 
IfHa Ml. 972-11), and a paiody of Oia^ 
' Ivlogy by him, entitled 'The Camp,' «u 
printrd in \^^ in 'NMes and Quenn' 
(3rd ler. i. iS'l .t1. Hf nl»»nroIe a ikOuk 
of the life uf hii KTondfalber, Ilrooh Tay 
which WB8 pri-tixed to Taylor** 'Coo! 
plalio Philowpliica,' (int printed by Yi 
in 1793. 

[Fcater'i lUronntagn aad Knit^tarv: ^^•0'^ 
Max. ISII >'- »•>. lel6 i. 3TS. Ibl6 ii. U!; 
FoMtr's Alnauii Oxoo. litS-IBBO: KaMpaa 
Ub^ i;st. i. AU: Ann. Itas. 1798 i.».8a.lUi 
17»4 i. 3!8, 17»Ti. 3M. 1TS8 i. 171. ISA, in> 
L 180, ISnni.lS!. IgOSp. IM. l»at pp.13. IL. 
1806 p. 15; Qcoivian Era. 1834. ir. 4M; Oft- 
ciul Itctnm of Membus of Parliameal ; U&- 
bono* UicL of tUiRl. lit, ; Sprnca's UaHrtl 
Cmiw oflhp I'rtaoDt DittJMMa of Vtttl latia 
risiilsn iKiinttd ou^ ISO7.] E. 1. 

YOONO, Sia WILLIAM U'51-iaJi; 
ftdiniral, bom in l~.*il, entered the aaiy 
April 17tll anrjiptain'naervant in theG' 
■ey with Mark Jlilbanke ^^. t.] Ib DtCA- 



tsua 







Young 



401 



Young 



b« I7flS be WW moytd into tlip Wup, nad 
iaOei>>bM'l'A4iatot1i«tiui!riuwr witfaCom- 
nodon (Sir) Ilag-b PftllUer r<|.v.t Bepaned 
lli» «zM»inslion on 10 Jaii.'l7<i9; wm pn>- 
motnd tn be linutciunt on 13 Not. mO\ 
«nd in Maf 1771 wu oppi^intail to iIm Tri- 
dotl. goiiitf_out to the Uedilcrrnncui t* 
BMgJtup of Sr P(C«r Deuit [q. t.^ In 177A 
h« was in the Ponlftnil, flanbi'p of \"ux- 
wlmiral Junes Yoiuig <~q. v.], ut thu Ixv 
wan) liUnda, nnil od lu.nar 1777 wus pn>- 
moux) to ilio fviiiiinitnd of tlin Snslie slou|). 
Un 'J3 Hojit. 17rH liB wu adrancnl to t.lit! 
mnk of cBplnio; cammandoit tlin Hind, 
liiffalctill A|iril 17*^2, nod ilie AinliiiiicRd« 
ItlT die peace. From October 1787 to May 
1700 li« ciHiimaoiled iLe pHngevvraiicv, ami 
tli» Cn«Mnt till KoTNDber 1790. In 
JaMtuty ITK) hn ira* appointad to thm For- 
tttod*, in which lie w«nt out to thn ^Itdi- 
torancn) with Lord Hood, irlim hn took 

Cia the occupaliou of Toulon [hx 
in, BuiTEL, ViscorsrJ; and on S Feb. 
ITM, beinjf one of a email sqiiudrun de- 
tacfatd nndnr Coinnu>dor« l.in(e>.', the Furti- 
tDdo vajimnt intodnitrojnioivnronauiiall 
pmtuotiton- in BiortrUa Itay, immcHliatslj 
•outfa of I'le. lie U MorlcUa on tho nonh- 
wMt CMBi of Conia. The tower, howuTcr, 
BdT»Btag«oualT plaoed, proTed luoatrortftfor 
Um aliip; the Fortitudei after auOering rerj 
hmrj il>», and beins wl on fire bj rvd-hot 
thot, wai obli^l to haul olT (J*Ma, i. 30^ 
909), and tlie tower wn* cvi-ni iinlly taken by 
Eun» &oia a commoiulinfi liL-i([ht on shore. 
Thu aJflair gave ri*e li> n rather cumfotpmtcd 
Opinion of the ttmugth of »uch lowert, 
sre*t nnmbers oS wbich, unilvr thu name of 
"niarlello iowbm,* were bnilt on the south 
cnut of KoKland. The Fon.itude waa alill 
with the fi«;i in tlw artiona of 14 March, 
13 July 17011 fiHw Ho-ruiM, Wiluiw, I^iid], 
sad njtum«t to Kni^lunJ wilU convoy in 
tlie auluinu. Youuf; was promoted to be 
Te«r-admiral on 1 June I'M, and iu Decem- 
ber he wae n^ipoinied a lonl of the ad- 
Kniraltr, in which poiit he romninm] until 
1801.' In April liD7 hn waa inn of tlir. 
cooBinitlRi of coneilioiion which viaitod 
PortBiziouth and arrBn^^'d fur tht- rcmovBl 
of tbe eeameii's grievaiiuet (JiHUit, ii. 'J7->i). 
H« became vice-admiral on 14 Feb. 17t*!>, 
wd tdmirsl on B Not. 18CMS, From 1^01 
lo 1607 hn was com mnndi-i^in- chief at Ply- 
IDoalh, where hn wai uiid by l.ord DttB- 
diMwId {AnlobiojfrapAy 0/ a .SramaM, L 
171-3, 17H-9) to hoTs (hown undue gmtd 
(br priw-noney. The oliiiri,'^ neaniM iin- 
rovmedi for cfuiaenaailiui; from Plymouth 
nrerra neceeaarilv Dnd«r ihe ordera' of the 
coounatider-in-cltiof at the port, and his 
TOJ.. txm 




claim to issue tb» order? ww la aecotdaact 
with the ciiqacltD aod routino of tbe mr- 
vioe. In l'<f3 he nan D tnuoiber of the 
court-martial on James, lord tiambi^ 
[q. v.^ and u eaid to have ahown aa undiw 
biM in favoor of (he accused (JaKB, iv. 
i2!f). From 1811 totbeend of the war be 
conmnndi.'d thu f)e>-t in the North Set, 
btoekodiniC the .Scheldt and the whoU of 
the Duicli aitd (ii^mian cooat, ai a countor- 
meaauTu lo Uie Iterliu and Milaa doerooa. 
Ill July ItiU he wan nominaiwl ■ K.B.. 
which on the ivi'OubI ruction of the order oC 
the Itatb ia the following year became 
fi.C.l). In |SI9 hn waa anpoiBted rice- 
adrairai of the t.'nitnd Kinffvlom. lie died 
in l^ndon on 20 t>ct. 18^7. Ilia portrait, 
by Beechey, wu ubibilcd at the Itoyal 
Academy in IHOI. 

[AnnniLl Btuijt.and Obit. IS!3, p. SISi Jamaa'a 
N'ntal Uial. (eniwn 8to edit.) : Paj-baola. &e., 
in tho Public lUeord Offlec. The exjtct litua- 
tion of tha Tour d" In Murtolln in ihuirn in M. 
Hair* PUa du Golf* da :il. t'lorral, 183H.I 

J.K.L. 

YOUNG, Sir WILLIAM (1799-18671, 
chief juat ic« of Nova Scotia, waa bom at Fal* 
kirk m Scothind. on H Sept. ITiK^. 

Ilia father, Jou.v Yucxs (17>3-l8ftT), 
agricnltuml writer, waa born near Falkirk 
in SepteniberlT73,aDd educated si Glaf^iw 
Univoraity. He enterwd into trade, and 
about 1S16 emiitmtiid to Nova Scotia witli 
his wife and family. In IfilH he dn-w atten- 
tion 10 the backward atate of a^imlturu in 
the proTiuce in a eeriea of twenty-three 
letters u^ed ' Agrioola ' which appeared at 
Ilnlifax in the ' Reorder ' between H July 
and 28 Dec. Ry mnani of thran letters 
he pnxTiiri-d llie I'iimbliiihmont of n board of 
Bunculturo in Novo Scotia, of which ho 
bt'CBme secretary. They were piibtinhed m 
book form in 18V- undirrtbe titit- ' Letters of 
Aj^ricolii on (lie Priociplea of VefcelatJoa 
and Tiling"' (Unl.fm, Mvo), In 1(125 he 
wae nil.iimed \o the provinoinl pnrljamrnt, 
and mtnini'd hh u'al until hia death at 
Halifax on L'tJ Oci. lt<!7. Humarfied Agiiea, 
daii({hlt'r of Ur'orjje Itenny of Falkirk- By 
her he had three nous — A\'illiaui ; Creorgo 
lEeuny, who iu uoliced below ; and Charlea, 
who became a judge ( MoRii*\, llihliitbrca 
Chnorfinwu, 1887; MiurMieii, llUt.of Xuva 
Sfw(w, 1867, iii. 421. 422, ««, 443). 

Ilia iildeit aon William wa» educnied at 
Gloagow University and, on retunuuj; to 
Not* Scotia, nideif hiK lather in bu^iueta 
until 1H£0. lie then studied law with 
Charles ItufuH FairbaokH, Hn wea called 
10 tho bar of Nova Scotia in 1826, and 
to that of I'rinco lldward'a Island in 1836. 

DD 



In )843 be vttt tppointed qiiirvn's coiiniicl. 
Id 1^2 lie «M rvitmied a* n 1ib»nl in tbo 
l«f;itlHtii'e utcmbW nf NovnScotin fnr Cnpa 
Br«ton, nn<l whim llint Uland nu divuUd 
into >fvrnil fUctonl diitlrict* in 1S3T li« 
won ekfti-d for [lint of Iiivenitti<. Soou 
fttluc entering parliamvut litf prott-iwd 
ftgtunal tlug cool-TUiiiiu^ luriiiouoly ifnaivd 
by tlw erifirn to iIik crMitor* of the Diihf of 
York, nnil iii a UtM dfttv h« and tib broilicr 
GeOT^ n-xm Inrgvly inMrumoiital in prncur- 
inA it* ftboliiicoi. In 163S, lovDTris ttii-'olosc 
ctf tlic rcbfUioQ of tba Frcncti Cntuulinnr, 
Young waB Hiuung thunts iiivitt'd to mml 
JiOrd Durbaiu hI Quebi<c auJ dUeuM tbu 
COEaplaieta of tb^ i'Vimeh |tri|iiiUlinD [uv 
Lahvtox, Joiix Gi:ur(Ii:, fint Kiu. or 
Dt'UK^x]. lie- *c.t forth thn ^isTAnuanf 
bU own urnvinci! in a lotlar vrbieb llarkitin 
nftenrurji) ap[iutid«d to bU fiinioiu rvjiort. 
In l8!lii Yoiiii^ and Iletbrrl Iluntitii'tun 
weru «0Dt to KugUiid to Ib>' ibi^ir case be- 
fore tho bom« ^Tammont, and tlipj »uc- 
ceededingnininsKomcimroitaDl concrasiona. 
A npoct cif ihcir |iroc<»iaing« wm publlnhed 
on thoir ivtuin. Voung lonh n (imnimDnl 
part in tlio quarn-l iu 1S39 brlwiMin Uia 
leglvlittirv nitwmUv and the liciilvnuit- 

K»ernof, Sir Colui Curapbi-ll (17Td-lS47) 
. V.]. GODCirnin^ tlio T>.'iUfjdvltiufi^ of thfl 
VCiMnitiri' coiinril in nrcnnlnnce will) n des- 
patch from Lord John lliiucll. In \M2 ho 
nocnmc! a mi^nibi'rof ihi: rxirrulivo rniinnil, 
■nd in I»13 hu wa* I'lectwi »p™liirr of Ihn 
legielalivc nBBvmblyi an oltii.'« irliii^li be fan- 
tiiinuil to liiild until IW4, when bv biri'uinH 
)ei>i]pr iif lliv ^ovominHiit, and on 3 April 
•ttoni''T g(>rniriil. . fn 18ft7 llie puierotni^nt 
wniv di'f>'ntR(1. nnd hn went into oppOAiUon. 
In IS'iD bit wiu rirtumnd tn the It^iiiUdre 
lucumbly for tlic noiuitv ofCumberlnnd, after 
having Ti;i}rnii!nt(.>dlnvem«»foriw<-niy-t wo 
yean, lu tlie aumu yi'OT bi' aeain btv/aino 
firaiuer and was choauu pruaident of tbe 
MCMUtiTe council. During his palitical Iif« 
hi wiw tbr.> nwognised •'jKikc^inan of iha 
D^iculturiatA of ttin pri)vinco. In 1801 b« 
wnii nM<K]ial<^ with Thnmiu Uitcbin nnd 
McL'uUr in n-vising the utiitutai of Xovn 
Scotiu. 

In 18C0 Younjj relirt'd from politic*, and 
vaa appointuif diinf jiutic<> of Nuva Scotia 
in Au^nM. Stib«M)ii»tilly be wuBHleoii'iiui- 
nst^d judge nf iho cmirt of vice-B^inmltVi 
a cron'n nppmnlnionl. IK> wui- knicbted 
in 186^, nnd nwiEncd bi* nffinn on 4 May 
1881 on occonnt of hht. In thnt vi'nr ho 
tecviTod tbo honciruri- di'jjrRR of l.L.l>. frotn 
Dalbotuie Collfufu, Halifnx. He died nt 
Halifax on 8 Mav INS7. Un H) Ang. 1(^30 
boinarrWAiiiie,'daugblcrot'MiubaelTobin, 




a member of tho IcMlalivB CouaCtL Sh 
difKl at Halifai on 13 Jan. IMS. 

Younf"* f onnnr brother, Gcoses 1 
Yotsa (jf. Ifi£t-1^7), author a&djoa 
nalttt, WW bom in Scotland. Id 1k4 
niabliibsd tbe ' Nov*Scolian,* a nowpap 
wbich br edited until I&:iS, wheo i; wsT" 
mircbaivd by Jon-ph JIowp 'q. r.l Ii<> mt 
tor a couaiderabJD tinM nentovr of tbc lea 
Ulire aauBUr. Ammf tiia pubticaii 
WBTp: 1. 'The Briliali North ' 
Colnni**, l.«it«ra to E. G. Sw St« 
Inftcrtranl* Lord DvthyX upon tb« 
Trtatirawitb FnanoeniMAtniTicii a 
ibeir Kqtiti of Ftitiei7 upon ibn CooJtta 
KovaSculia, Lbbmdor. and Nwfinuidlaad* 
London, l9»l. Sto. V.'Tbe Ili^orr.Pib- 
ciplea, aiKl I'rMpecls of llie Itank of Briiitb 
liOTth Ammita end of lb*' Colonial Baalt: 
with an Knqiiirv into fnlnninl Kichaiip*,' 
l^ndon, I8.1S, {t'vo. .*{.■ Tbo Canadian Qior 
lion,' Ixindon, 1639, 8ro. 4. 'On CoImmI 
Lil«T«tiim, Science, and EdocalioM,' Lon- 
don, 1&I2, tftno : ■ work of aomc value. 
t.hr«K Tolutu*a aiii*o«nao«d ont^ tbr 6ni •. 
pMred. •'>. ' AnielMOn tbe ^rvat C-jh 
ProJMI of coBDoeliniE llnlifnt aui) IJiinti 
h\ a lUilmad,' l^ondoD, 1:^47. 6va (JUub 
AUwbWvu Cimadinuu, 1867). 

[Drnt't Csnadfnn Bntmit OallNj; it. i 
I{ntiii'iiCyrln).-»!ia orCiu«dian Bwgr. ISMtl 
Sn^-Wio'- A|'|>I*'od'h CitI. at A*«ricaa " 
18SI); Mureaa'«Cani<d'an hr^ T ' 
|>- 2T3; Fostrr's Baronrtaffv and 
liM. ltaitMv'»^in>l lit BnibSKonbAi 
l8SO-4.i.I83.iii.604-7.) K 1. C. 

TOtTKOE. EMZAnKni{l?«M 
aclr««». JSec I'oPt.] 

YOTTNOE or YOUNQ, liicn.' 
(/. 16W-1670>,Cal¥ini;!t tract wriw. 
a mnnbor of tW family of tlivi Vnin(«^ 
Itoxwnll in Emox, nlii-n; a Mnall mtate i 
Morant'a time wai >(ill Imown a< ' Vuuntv' 
Inorder to be near the biui puritan p«l)«'»kfl 
SL-tiledinMourgate.andaoun bccane kaowa 
forbiatractsaupBortint;llM(!efierBliie«ibri 
thia irorlil was iba bell of (be|!odl*aadtb 
nevt world tlieholl of tbe nngMlj-i^mt nan 
pnrliciilnrly o^lmoniibinf; in no tnrannd 
tiTm« the crroM of ibp drunkard, til* »WM>*f. 
nnd tbe corotoua. In bis 'Curb agaiM 
CiiruiiK ' he commcnda above bia own writ" 
ing tbe ' H»ven and Ilell EpiiomiMd' «f 
Qeorpf Swiiinnuk [a. v.]; but he ««ii co 
steadily dowa to ItlTl pounog oat p«iibt 
lracl«. Mo«t of them nvra iainwd thmofa 
JamM Crnmn, a botdiUnder ni Littia Btf> 
thaloiiM'w-'ii Well-yard. Many copi«a WM 
exported to .\nicrira,wbileatliiH»wri«eiIte 
lent on a twopenay tecuriij' or givm ■«•; 





!»' tbo author, Snl al llin IStncli Swan, 
HeaigBtc, and afirrvrnrd* in Crippli^gatr aod 

Hi* pubtkntioos compriied : t. ' A Ooun- 
t«TTO^Hyn, or Somaia Antidold u^niust all 
Gnede . . . In^lLcr with tho Victury of 
PtaieiKf,' London, 1687, 8«i ; n secoinl edi- 
tion, much imlarMxl, and KOiniiiTMided by 
Tbocoo* Wcitlictd [q. v.Jnnd Daniel Faatlry 
[q. T.l, appMivd in 1641 ; a ' fniirrli edition' 
WBg UKluicd in Nu. -I. 2. ' I'hilaTgiiro- 
nuMix, or ihu jVrraignniMit of (Jiivotou*- 
Dwae &ail Ainbitiuii in our i^al and f;rei^dj 
Cormorantx. . . . Br Juniui Flurilc^iii.' Luii- 
doll, Ifl53, Svo. lie fnaaeul\y 5i;;upJ liini- 
mlf 'Kicbard YoiiDjcof ItoxvvU, Fl'irilryu*.' 
3. * Thi" ]tlpinif>h of fioTprnnioiii , Shaio" :•{ 
Reli^ua, Di«i[nicn of Mnnkinde, or a Cliarvf" 
drrnvrn up against [)rimkanit, and prMRiiii'd 
to li«« lligliueM ibo Lord I'rotefitnr in tile 
iMm«ior all till* SoWr (lartiii in ihv thrw 
Nnion>,' Ij^ndw. l'f,5, S\o. l. 'A Cliris- 
liAn IJbrnrr, ir a rleaMnl and Plenlil'ul 
I'srad'Ht 01 I'rftctical Divinitv,' London, 
1665. 8to, Tliii Imlliy voliimH 'i* *tat«(l to 
tfem lnin (vd trvnlinoi, ' likci Icn ulnall Corn> 
Hpd« now liiid lowlier (v it were) within 
fn* budgi^,' {rri-faocd by lettrn to tbr' Wort liy 
Anthour* and ' lugvnuoud IWdtrr' (jyltii-liBrd 
VioMBndRicliA^ liaxler. With tht< ori- 
ginal ton an bound no in lli>> Uriti'h Mii- 
Mom eopv clevnn nddilionnl trvati"6« by 
VoiuuTt '^' "f thcra Bppurpntlv hpiiig rn- 
nuindH tojiiea of pcnuy trocl* (ly Younir in 
varioiM editioDK. At the pnd of a rtaet 
tailed ' Apples of Gold' ( lOol) thu priulor 
eiVM > liM of ibirlT-tlirpp gqiamli'ly printed 
dkcouTW by Young, fi. ' Th-^ I'lvijileB Iin- 
nartial and CompaaHOnnin M»nitor. abiiuT 
Bfarinij; of Scmanji,' I6ft7 ; nn nttark iipnn 
pnurhia^r firr rheloricnl eflViiT. msrnlj-, iJi^cli- 
cBl*^ to Sir Nulhaiiai.-I Itniiln. 6. 'Thn 
Iiiiponial Moiiiti.ir : nbiiul ]''oUnin'in)[ thn 
Faiiiiona ... In a rur« I'*xamp!i! cif onn 
that Currd lii» Wifp of Llt Cusllim-Hf. 
Imprimatur, Ktlmund raluuilc' Londnn, 
1856. 7. ' Tho Ilrnrt*-Inaei. or Sylf-Kiiow- 
)udi^.' ia.)9. 6. 'A llopofull WrtvioCore 
that horrid Sinna of Mwnann(r,' IBiJO. 
il. 'Mont ^ruut lutai! of llamtinFJiii' for not 
jiaTiii^llmtiiinll rlllil-^L^lt orTlinnkl'uinojaH,' 
I66I. 10. '.\ Spark of Diiiuu Light to 
kindle jitply in a ffif.iii Smi\ . . . printed 
for Pctw I'oriiT in I'niKia-liead Allev,' Uirt. 
This lilllt piccp, which h<i onlU lilsMllllo 
Benjainin,' was a[ipntvni!y the la*t of 
Youu^a exhort nlontM. In a jiostnoript ho 
annonnCM* (j'pon Nu<i'in|{Ion (.'au.iirwny ttiii 
Bonk U fr^iely givL-ri to all, but bewaro of 
Htndin^ fi^r it out of 'n-autonnmi : for mcti- ' 
logo ia a parching and a bliuliiig ain.' The \ 



Briltih Museum Libniry hut nearly thirty 
of Young** adiotrnitory tract* and otktir 
works; but it i> hard to ditFcrectisTo Them, 
airing to the mrintion* of tillo in »accu(«ivo 
etiitiuna. 

( Vuuiift*'* Worls 1 Hailill'a Bibl. CullMtiont 
will Sotn* ; Vcuir*U'» Biocr. CoUtclioa* in Btit. 
Mui. . llaiViMt and Laa^* Diet, of Anon, and 
rMiidon. Lit.) T. S. 

YOUNGER, ELIZ.\BI:T1I (IBSW?- 
170:;), Bi'iresa, ualk-d indiflerrntly on tlw 
stagu ul the uutaet Miss and Mrs. VouoRer, 
WHS the daitifhter of James and Moreart-l 
Voutigwr, and tho sister of M— Biukuell 
!i]. V.' H»r mother was n Keith, a near ro- 
lalivo of thn enrta .^lariichal, and liw father 
roile in the 3rd trojp of jjuaid* and xerreit 
ieven yeiirs in FlniiJcrj undwr King William. 
She tiiipenredon the slB(;e with Ifae combined 
i'oiii|)anie8 of liniry Lune uiid Dorset tiar- 
lieu, aud pisvoil for Mr*. Kni^'ht'« heii>.-lit on 
27 Sliirvli l"7(XI tim Trini-em Klixahoth in 
Ilankt'i ■ Virtue Ikirnvi'd, or Anna Dnlleii,' 
nnd upoku a new i-^iilogui!. Shit ii next 
tmccd ut Itrurv Lirnu witli the combinod 
Ilrury Lani; niii Ilaymarket coinjnitiip* on 
^J Jan. 171 1 0* Lighltiiiig >ii thn ' KebeuruiL' 
Pag^ in llie ' Urplian ' followwl, mb did Uoso 
in llie ' ItecniitinB OiKcer,' and Mi" I'nie in 
' IfOve for Lnvi^i nitd on ^9 .Ian. 1 713 nlio 
wa* the iiriginal Clara, (Iis2iii>ie<l m n foot- 
man, in t?liurl«iSlmdwdrs'llumoiirJof [ho 
Army." She was at this lime regularly en- 
(nigi-'d, which suff)^lH thai tiho was older 
tluu Aui given out. On 'J Mny 1714, for 
her sister's bonefit, Mr». Voiiiigor d*nced, 
' who n^ver danci^il on tho ntngn bi'fore.' 
Sho played Mrs. llnttv in '.Sir Solomon 
Single,' Uydaria in ' InJion Kmperor,' Mary 
in the ' Puritan, or the Widow of Walling 
Street,' I'cgRy in ' London Uiickolda/ I'liila- 
delphiaiii tW ' Ainoroiis Widow,' and wus 
on Zi I'V'b. I7l/i Uie original Joyce in Gay's 
' What il'yei call if ? ' Whe then np(>oan>d m 
Mr*. T'siiilv I-'iilgel in the 'Country Wife," 
Flora in ' She would and »he would not,* 
QiifM-n in ' Don Carloi,' Inn in ' A Wife well 
Rinnnged' (nil originul part) iu 171u, Minn 
Noiabln in ' Lady's Lost Stake,' ^''ale^la in 
tlu9 ' Itiirer,' Vul Mavii in tli«i ' Silent 
Woman," Lucy \\'eldon in ' Qroonoko,' Araiu 
ill ' Joviul Crew,'Sylviii*(nriginBl[y) in Mr«. 
Mauley's ' Liiciua, thi; Kir^t Christian King 
of Bri'tnin,' on II May 1717, Celia in ' Vol- 
potie,' Dorinda in Dryden's 'Tumpeat.' An- 
gelien iu ' Constant Coiipl*," V ictoria in 
' Kalttl Marriage,' ViotMn'i! in 'Sir Courtly 
Niee,' and Floretla iu 'Or^onwich Park.' 
More important parts awignml hpr w»rtiflr«t 
ConBtantia iu iho 'Chnnws,* Mcliainda in 
' Aureng«-Zebe,' L*dy Wouldbe in 'VoU 




dMkMlW 'C\wh«ll Itlli?— aJwJMI 

' L>r>inMnl \\ tfc* «B ft IhKk ITM. 



(Tai-u).' She u ^ 

of OmnneL 

aitiM. 

1, srtMiK tad 

«f amfcll r dhtmh»- 

to ykr >^ Mar'ckuuMi 

■n ia tnpdfAd Gub 

Act MMt mmIm puU 

■ Tfa 'fill HuMiw.'IM ' 

ndtW< 

iteaabM^ to 

ft i" I' ir*ipd>'h( 

«i. X«m; O^. Jbc ITU; CUIw* 
^tnz,M.MS; Note* utdtiDtra^H 

SOUSVUt, JOHN ( irS-VliWI), >:.f Si. 

«( tlM NX ehildrendf 
Y«M«rr • bwder thoeauka, bj 
ifcAa^B'TW Im wift^ fcM HmHwt, wa bow «tM^J 

■ miii^kM dii^MSJahlTSS. IlMKnad&tkc^n^" 
Ti^VK, hwl Mt bjr 900/. ■» ft jifdMifT in 
tat Mt it ftU br an nnhickjr fpr- 
H» kHKlf wu put to tbc lut 

W»lr ■£•& Tfae cmuitrftadn ww * 

IjMT «M. «*«■ Won ili« black &aiM of 
yean of tb* cicbtMadi MMaif. 
■■rfvh^tM^wnprn tnaf mood U S>. Jobn 
hmi tornt Am >>niii* to livci ihrou^, tbr 
Ji«aili of wlucB Mtpplr mmim trulj pstbctit 
n bit ' AviMagnxby.' lie *Ma 
■WjMard ■aj' {loacberof Inp iTaj in hi* Ichqv* 
Idy «f tmr ud fealber. but, nhort all, br 
bcnar M imrivalled aa^Wr. \Vb(-a Ihinr 
tigM t» iwiid bv n»amed (9 Au)c. ISlli 
AfM* RidiiW, and acttlad at Sr. BovnBi, 
*»■■ tkna ntilM IroiB IionyiMwion. t* tkr 
TJU*]^ •hMmakm'. HaviiMr boaf[ki a tOff 
vt Bwni for tii]>cii4y a( St. Jtoivrll* far, 
J<to htfiMa lu fwl ibat be t<Xi «M • Mt. 

Wl it wa« n&l untU 16SI ibat br pablabri 



t 



Younger 



40s 



Vule 



lilllr vuluiQv (in thif nu^rv of' ]>oii Juuii'^, 
etitiilMl ' Tbougbi* u th«/ Rioe' (Ulugow, 
1Sdk>). The titl0 U « good one, •a^guating, 
u it doe*, Xh« Inch or mMrical finiRh con- 
epiciiniu in work by no means <lavoid of In- 
■|drnlion. ARi-r 'fwivtlii.'nrlin(r' nnd lovii 
Ijriea, 1m held lim nvxt brat itiintc in the 
world to be lir-6s\iiag, nnd bu turai-tl bi« 
inlimate knowlifdg* of tliis Iiul HubJHct Eo 
good Bccmtni vihea bi* dat^d rtoiu 8t. Boa- 
w#11b Qrw^ in Sepirnnb^r IMS his ■ Ui»i?P 
Anffling for Salmon and Tmiii, mon- mr- 
tici^nrlf u pnctiKHl in thv 'IVi'rd and it* 
TribuiifiMi' ^EdinbuTL-b, lt*-10, I81110, two 
wlitiuDs; rvviMd, Kulau, 18(t(J, IBmo, and 
16*ttt, 8vo; it WM bigMr praiMd in Ihi- 
'Field' for its 'practical' Tnliic, niid good 
dWiM of tha Smi edicinn nn> ttill nt n pr»- 
nUMm). Iln wo* an keen nn obanrvrr of niin 
M of Sth, and be Wunm KDurtRil n!ik« nn 
tlia moat proficii^nt Scutn uugb-r niiit on tbu 
'Tveedaide (luustii;.' IIl- laugbird at tbf 
cbani^t iuoi'«inf 111 McliIdK^ncfil, but povi-rtjr 
waslobini Almmt a r«ligiiin : hebotlihat^ 
Uidd««pi*Ad tbn rich, nor WM b«atany psinH 
M eoncwl hi* Tiewa. Of n duki! to iruom it 
maoBM auBKi^aied he mif{bi appeal, lii? uitl 
rouf^lr, ' Wu bavu no Tiiiliiml itympiitliu>s, 
•avp Mitlof;. tlisl is, wbt-ii a puor ututi biu to 

I««I,' Alyjiiculcobbltr in inviiy nispect^. be 
ihou^bt dwpl^ bnt rnthT prowtly. (lii. pfir- 
ccptinn of lyrical poetry and iinT.urnI hi-Htiiy 
waa rxquiiilD, but he had n diaaiiit, pnrtly 
env)0<ii',for'tlioclu«ic>,'aiidbp|(iuki!dc>n till! 
} WaviTleynoveUaii 'oldpiperatoricvi,' 'dwrnrf 
and n'itcli (ale*,' Htid moustrons caricHlurm 

I of Seotlish maDiwn. The 'baronial ball' 
«U his abhormuco. In 1^7, being iliE'ii 
aixty-two, hn -n-on n pritct for iin I'liay on 
*Th« Trmporal Adianlaps iif tlm Ssblinth 

in rrlation to the WorkinK Clnjuen' 

} (publUbcd ns 'Thd Ligbt of tliy Wtvk.' 
I Lunduu. iP-n), I'.'oio. l^ul and 11^,3, 8vu), 

I an adrairebl-? example of the Miileni>ou« 

II esMV, lit lip bj vivia illiislrationa aiicIi as a 

(r*Rliud ipfakff or priachor might nnvy. 
[•wmc up lo Ijondon tor(^CL>ivnhi>pri»' of 
16/. at lli»liniid»of tbe Had of Shaft ™burv, 
mkI on hi» rutiini was bau()u<>ti-d by Ilio 
neighbinirL<.>od, ill which bu was eKtremHipr 
popular. About IMQ hi> wan app'tinlpd vil- 
la^ pottmni-trr, but thn miitinii wiirk proved 
bsyood bis piitii7ncc,and in Jniuiary IHfil) hn 
thraw up the pail and rcturm.-d lu cobbling. 
Ue dieJ very pour, but boueat and iiidu»- 
trioiU to th« Inst.on I 'i' June ItMO. and was 
b«lri«d bwida his ■ Naunlu' (oflen ci'1<>bral>.-d 
■a bia wrilin|[«; she died in 1(^*11)) in St. 
Boewalla kirkyanl. lie loft nomn rich ma- 
lariala for a 'mcmnir' of hicnudf, to which 
be had given the title ' Ubicurilici in IVivalo 




Life dttTeloped ; or Itobinsou Cnuoo un- 
travelleil.' 'TheiBU wi-run-cust intuaii ' Auto> 
biosnphy of .lobn YoiiTigpr,' aud publinhwl 
at Knlao in 1881. His beil tboughli arv 
contained in this and in two bulky inbtinv* 
of coTTtopondenca which mmain iinpuMi»bod. 
Good i-ngruved portraitn uf YnunfTRr are pn>> 
fix«d both to tbu ' Autobicigrapby ' and tii 
'Itivor Angliug.' 

(Y"iina"r'i' Autubiof^ph; (briasiag bin Ufa 
doirn to abunc 1820). and Biogin|%ical Skrich 

SnHxBJ to Riier Angling. lAQO; lIondAnoii'ii 
I7 l.ifn an nn Aiil"l"r, I87fl ; W.stwouil and 
.SnU-bfU'g Kiblinlhoca l'iin.-aloria. 18S3.p.2l<; 
Sfutimno. io June 1800; SunJorUud Timu*, 
3i Junn ISSO ; WinkH'ii IlliiMJ'iHUii Stioi-riinkut. 
IHS-t, pp. 3I!)-3I ; H>n<t<« Oruiiiue'i Onxutlnr of 
Si'')ilnad.».r. 'St. Boavolls;' Allitiolin'i Diet, nf 
Kogl. Lit.. Itoak Fncu Currant, lHD9i llrit. 
Mm. Cat.] T, S, 

YPRES, Wn.LIA.U or, ommooiialy 
styled E.VBL oP Kjxt (rf. 1186*). (Sco 
^\ ILLUU.] 

YULK. Silt HKNIiy (1S30-IA*.*!), g*o- 
g™plii.T, bum 1 Mny 181*0 nt Inviin'»k, m-ar 
Ediubur)ih, wjia yaungcct son of Major Wil- 
liam Yule 0'<>l'l^>tS) of tbu Ua*t India 
Company's service and of his wifi- Kliia, 
daogater of Paterson of Brsebend in Ayr- 
shire Tbo family wan setlled fur st'vetal 
K'norntioni" n« t<'nniil-farni«Ti nl Dirielnn in 
lut, Lothian. Tbi^ nnmn ii Scrnndinavian. 
Major Vule. Sir Henry 'b fnlhcr. woi vi>f«'d 
in oriental litrralure. He n.-tired fruni India 
in I8tk! with a valuable collection of Prnlan 
and Arabic MSS, whicii wiispr>«>'Tiieii bvbi» 
non> to th<i Itrititih Miii»>iiin. Iln imiicd pri- 
vately in IRSU a lilhoirmpbr~d (edition of lh« 
' .\p(i(bu(rm» of 'Ali, tlir son of .\b\i Talib ' iit 
th« Arabic with an old Penian vernion and 
au Euglixb lran»luti(.'U by bim«elf. 

Il'^iiry Vult< wuseducalcdut tliebi(;bachoal 
in Kdinbiirttb, and wa^ aftiTwards a pupil. 
firit with llntiry I'srr Hsmiltmi U[, v.L and 
thru with Jnmrs('bnl1ia q. T.|,kalM>i'iitipnily 
PluminnprcifiTHoraiCnnibridifn. IliitVllow- 

fiipiU included John .Mason XuBiefq. v-'iand 
lariey l.luodwiu tbe math c-iuu tie! Ian, ahnr- 
wsrds bi«bop of Carlisle, wbo bas dt-tcribed 
Yule's iiiti'lVctiift! deveiopiiiunt an evlra- 
ordinarj for bi> year*. Ho bnd,rbe bishop 
adds, ' coiiMdc.rabIc (["omrtriral ingi-nuity,' 
but ' sbowpd much mor" likinit for timsk 

(lays and for (Jt-rmanthan for malhomatiM.' 
InTlng aciuired a coui[H'li>n1 iLcquoinlanrn 
with the cIomIc*, he w<-ul to AddisL'umbo 
in lKt7, and, pa"»ing out bead of llie uollcfn 
in IKSll, Wfnt for a ynar to Chnlhuni. In 
It^lQ ho wni ojipointi'd to tbn Bengal F.ii- 
([inecr*. His tint appniiitmrnt in India 
was among the Ksilas, a primltivii Mongo- 



Yule 



406 



Vule 




loidpMiplcoaih?iionb-««M ba ri twof Bw>- 
fti, who gntalf wtamt«d tun, and b'w 
meevuit of tlwir qiMiM Muum knd ca*- 
tMiu, of iW (rhanrt«r ef tba toumTT. sad 
of ti* iii*f^itbi« MonnniwiU, ibowvd tbe 
b«M of fail MudiM. 

la 1^13 be CUM bo»e en toro lo nuf? 
kMrousin Anns MMi•(d.l^■7fi),<l**'^'*'^ 

Fr04n 1&13 io IS40 h« WTT«d with » >»■? 
of oficrn, wlxi all sftenrttdi sttsiitM dw- 
tiiartioii (•DMOir throi Napirr, Dnrtnd, Burd 
Smith. C«MtW. \V. E. Ba^r. W. W. QtM- 
bwl, a.nd R. ^IracbpT), in tlw reMoralion 
■nd d«r«iopfaMit of tlie irrinticB sjMrai of 
th» ilognU in the Noitb-WMt ProtinM*. 
ni* Isbonni woru inutninud bj tba Skh 
'<[■?« of 18U-6 and ISlS-d.inboUtorirUch 
he took part. IIf vsi at home on furiou|^ 
from tf^lt) to l>Sol.and dnriiif; t!ul ptrriod 
Ircturvd at tL« Scottish Mililirv Acailtm;. 
'Whit" xh\iH m^p^l, he irr'Xt' a Toliuna on 
•Fortiflcnlion,' ProfwaionsIlT it lasy Blill 
Iw nad with pmGi, while i>* int H r x t i ng 
Uoffisphica) notice* and ponisiti of fainoa* 
cnfiDMn ciwiplel^lf diHimntist* it from 
tkevrdiauj technical tn>ii*M- A Frvneh 
tTHulalioD appeared in Pari* in 185$. llis 
warm Tv);aM for Tlpiir; DuD<!a4 Trotter 
{q. x.\ itiMi T^cviitly niumed from hia 
Mpffdi'iloD to tlii> Niger, M Ynln to isk* an 
taianat ia tko »iav»-tnd* eaatmwartj, and 
U* aU* pamphbtj ' Tbc African Sqtisdnni 
Vindicaifid ' (UmAoa, 1 SCO), psMed Uirongh 
man than om tdilioD. 

Ilsniag farlv gained the eoaSiIcnM' and 
ngwd M T>inl I>alhoii«i«, ih« goTi>mor- 
fMtfslof India, lw> wa« in lAAS anpoiattd 
IIhIm miiiiI«ij to th* nawlf fo « m*J pobllc 
wtks dafutmmt. Beniln irriitatiaii. thii 
drpartneat wai mtnutcd with ihr dtn-r- 
tioB of the gtr*t Mhnne for tailwavs which 
Lord DalboiiMe wsa urgias forvanL Tho 
rwtwsT iwhene enliuM from its novvltr 
nwch labovr and vaivtj. Fmn tkia wotit 
TaU waa tcnporatilT daiachad m Mcntaiy 
to Colonal (aUcmrda Sir .\rtbitr) Phavn* 
friondlj nnbaiuT to Bttimali, and to set ** 
ita chrnDider. Hi* report to e<^T»mnimt, 
afterwards neaU, and published in T'Ul-^ u 
*ANarrali*eof tbeHtwionlo Avs in lr«-'>V 
bis 8rst pnblicstion t» aitraci wi^lo 
altnatioii. It It aainW UluMralfd hy hi* 
own pvficil. Ttiii c»afidrt)Ci> in Ynk liionn 
by Lutd Ilslbouiic vrai oontituwd (o him in 
wy full awaaurp hv thif mocwding iri>- 
veraor^cnanl, l^onl Csnaing. Vul>-n.-tirn3 
fWun tke sMttoe in IMS, sad was crvst^d 
C.ll. ia lbs fallowing y*«f. 

lyity on accoaat of his wife's health, 
investigate the hiatonM of old 




Italtsn mt!A<>nsn«4 and trsiellcr* inO-nt^ 
Ams, he look op hi* rsaidencv '^ ' ' 
Is IMS he htm^^ oat lor the : ' 
ciely - StirsbcUa deacripts. Thi- v . 
the Eact.' br Jotdanua. and in l^tiU'CMli 
sad tbe Wsy tkitber* (2 toI*. t. contauui 
bnlte UogrspUcal notices of oM irsT«U«M 
aad taanr of tknr canons Inters and it- 
parif, a mtd of infonaatioa ok medisni 
Aas, with a full and wvO-dtgcftcd S Bceeat 
of ike intareooiM from coriy licoea ~ 
China and tbe west. VuIf * fimfMD 
of 'UarcoPolo'apnsml in -' 
him the «ild uMal of tbe ' <-«l M- 

cwtr of Ilslj, and later tbe iimiht.-.t* medU 
of the Royal GcOfTnUcal Society. 1h« 
book is a HotahoaMoretirionaand p wifc md 
iiawiih, and plated (kc editor by eoBiBm 
eo i w ot in the fint tank of gn^rnpfaen. A 
rvmsrkaMr lealure in Yoltr'n Kork it ih* 
skill with which he anrsirLi Ike moat ton* 
fused Darralireeof aacritioal snil i-redolOB* 
IBediieTalwritera,aiid tbe«atiafa«iionheM> 
IB tehabilitating, when ptxeible, their chan^ 



I 



tor lijr aecfirsey. An cnlarijnd edition 
pearcd in IS7^ A new otiiion of Yxl 



m 







Marco I'olo ' is now (I'X'O) ia pcnpual 
by PtoGHSor Coidier of Paris. 

Tule returned to E^^and after his fim 
wife^ death in 18T.\ and was plseed on tbc 
Indian coaaril. fhim which bentindabafth 
beforabu dosth in IS39. Ilispnw-nce 
was muck ralotd, not ontir for Iiii lit 
a tr r i o w, bat from bit babit of viuwing 

SLuBtioDs on iheit own nehia, tatktr tku 
y the Uxhi of eiptdieaey or of 
He DBarri^d ercoodlr. in ItCT, _ 
halnins (>t. 3S Apfil f8Hl),|iecond 
of Fulwar Skipwiih, of the Bengal 
(crvicr, but she died four vcsre 
At thu tine hi* own- health waj bevisain; 
to beesk, hot hi* record of work hardly diai> 
aidted. Two iaapotiaat weeks date tnm 
tbeec years, ' Ilokeoa Johsoa. a Glosssiy of 
Anclo-Iadian Coltoquial Wordi and PhiMs' 
(ISBin, the tern* dealt with beit^ colbd not 
onlr mm hook* bat froia diariva aad BsA 
la^a Compsay** ooact letters of the •era- 
teent b andeighlfent k eentitrMa.aad miaailj 
illustrated hx a quaint medley of iiMltaCW 
eolU!Cted during hi« miHcellaiMoas resdiat 
aad stond tilt wanted in hia ua&iliag ne- 
laolT. Tt i> dedicated in graceful I^inle 
hit nrotkte. Sir Ocorgv. Ilia la«t woA Ae 
the Ilaklayt Socictv was the ' Diary of Sir 
WiUiiua ll»l£e*'(l'li«7>.riilIofcarM«tdf 
tuiU of the inner working<rflbeoldaa(la»» 
Kast India companiee, compristag inri'i'S- 
tallv the Mtaase bisloryof Oownor J^ 
of l^tl diamond celehrilv fsee Ptrr.THMUi. 
1653-1736]. Tbe>EaeydoiMMUaBritsBaics' 




Yule 



407 



Yule 



ftlso contains m&nj important geographical 
and biogrsphiciil papers, and tlia varioiu 
Asiatic and geographical joarnaU for manj 
Tears had valuable articles from his pen. 
For a new edition of John Wood's ' Journey 
to the Oius' (1872), Yula wrote an intrO' 
duction which is a brilliant essay on the 
topography of the Upper Oxus regions, with, 
inciaentally.an expos ure — a remarkable piece 
of geographical intuition — of the curious 
literary frauds of the great Russian geo- 
grapher Klaproth. Yule also contributed in- 
troductions to Nikolai Mikhailovitch Pnhe- 
Tal'sky's ■ Mongolia '(1876), and forCaptain 
"William John Gill's ' River of Golden Sand ' 
(1880) he prepared a learned and highly 
interesting study of the river systems of 
Eastern Tibet and Burmah. A long series 
of biographical notices, chiefly in the ' Royal 
Engineers' Journal,' of distinguished en- 
gineers, are models of what such composi t ions 
ought to he. He gave, besides, avast amount 
of friendly help, in suggestions and criticism, 
to the works of others, and notably to writ- 
era for the Hakluyt Society, of which ha 
wafl president until the end of 1 869. 

The widely awakened interest of late ■ 
years in the geography as well as in the me- 
dieval history and archieology of Central 
Asia is largely due to Yule's labours. His , 
erudition and sympathy have inspired alike 
explorer and student. Baron F, von Richt- 
bofen, a scientific traveller and geographer 
of the first rank, and endowed with wide phi- 
losophic observation, speaks of Yule's unique 
position as an historical geographer, and at- 
tributes to his mode of treating his subject 
Sri*, by combining* wissenschaftlicheOriind- 
icbkeit rait anmutender Form ') a wide in- 
fluence, not only on English but on conti- 
nental scholars. He was a many-sided man. 1 
His efforts in verse, serious and humorous, 
sind sometimes in good Scots, were very 
happy, and he was interested to the last in 
art, politics, discovery, and social and phi- 1 
lanthropic movements, A keen and delight- 
fnl sense of humour was never far from the 
•urface in his conversation or in his writings. 



He received the honorary degree of LL.D, 
from Edinburgh in 1884, and was created 
K.C.S.1. in 1889. He died at his residence 
' in London on 30 Dec. 1869, having within 
eight hours of fais death dictated in Latin 
the following message to the Institute of 
France, which had just made him a corre- 
sponding member : ' Reddo gratias, illustris- 
simi domini,ob honorestanto nimios quanto 
immeritos. Mihi rohora deficiunt, vitacolla- 
birur, accipiatia roluntatcm pro facto. Cum 
cordeptenoet)patissimomoriturusT08,illus- 
trissimi domini, satuto. Yule.' 

Ilia portrait, painted by Mr. T. B. Wirg- 
man, is in the Itoyal Engineers' Mess-house 
at Chatham. 

Yule had two brothers. The elder. Sir 
Gboegb UnsET YuLB (1813-1886), was a di»- 
tinguiahed Indian civilian and a famous M' 
kari. During the mutiny, with a corps of 
mounted Europesn volunteers, he maintained 
order throughout the division of Dhagalpur, 
driving out Tai^e bodies of the mutlneets and 
keeping open the navigation of the Qanges, 
white preventing communication between 
the rebels in East and West Bahar. Ue 
subsequently served as chief commissioner 
of Oudh, as resident at Hyderabad, and 
finally on the governor-general's council, 
from which he retired in 1869. 

The other brother, Hobekt Yci.b (1817- 
18.)7), published an excellent treatise 'On 
Cavalry Movements'(1856) as well as some 
fugitive writings in prose and verse. After 
much active service in Persia and Afghani- 
stan he fell while leading his regiment, the 
9th lancers, in a gallant action before Delhi. 

[JoacnalEi of the Hojal Engineers and Royal 
Aamtic Society for ISIJO; Procsedingi of the 
Rnynl Sociely of Edinbur^jh, 1891, and the 
Roynl Qeoirraphical Soriely. 1890; Seottisb 
Oeogmphiral Magazine (see for bibliography), 
1890^ BnrOD V. von liichthorea in Verhand- 
lungen ier Qra«l1schaft fiirEcdkusde ku Berlin, 
ivii. 2; Profesaor Giglioli in BollBltino dalla 
Socivti OeograHcB ItalianH. Mnrch 1890 ; M. 
Henri Cordier in Journal Asiiilique, 1890. iv. 2 ; 
personal knovlcdg?.] C. T. 




Omni BmMt; 

yvt « MiNMar iMtew «Uii W <fa£nt>J 

r wta. Z«C£*d 

fcr ■••r jt^t* « f »fcw f 



lM7,«Tin>MiBl8n,wAata3MkKw- ■■! ii mi tiai in rWr— . ■ml ■■■ ihi 

MMMiBiei4. •MlowortWIb7«IS«>bn'<>fLil«a»K 

fahMiliiif «w I • - * vU tk H«wH*^ ' - Till lilii ■■' 

, rill k ibJ lliliiw hMMii I. Mill M«B tiitit*] •UiiT. A*ftlMt«nrW«M 

«r tW SrhwA IB^^. n«lw wd cActtTvu B« psWM At 

rn* BMtk BMkMtv. W,t: JMMlitf WWi^rlMCmMMinnlbdbmtWSw- 

tb8Mb«<AfM.nsT.M: BditM wd CUmvI -^r Uctn* SmhCj: 1. •Natvntl Phtw- 

rvfabrMiftMMMr.ttDM.lBM: inform bwm aad tUr USmm* m dAnal R«- 

W. Y. F. lifiow 37«M< I873L 2. •!)«■«> Ml 



tfM nntU bf tW &Bilr-] 




Zincke 



4«9 



Zincke 



f^cinncc,' and ' Tbi- Siioittani^ua DiMolvtlOiII I 
of Ancii-nll-'mclf.'l&TU. 3, ' Jeauilismutd I 
thu I'riiMi in -Sbaolution,' I87t*- -I. ' l^ng 
soil Shon Clinjiiol'igisin, or E([y|>t fmm a 
religiouii.j'X'iuliniiil hiaiorii-ul pniiilof rirw," 
Isri*. 'i, ■Till: Kofili^ni lJiii<«lion from a 
reli(;inu« niid uncial point of vien-,' |B7S. 
e, 'Thit Iriib (jucnlion in HUlory.' INWJ. 
Id 1n<4 hKaUi) iuucd ' Kvo!iilioiiin IJiHtory, 
liungunifi'. aii'l ■'^cu'iiw;' four Aci<]r«H(i« 
delivrTwl i[i IWH-'i f.jr ihc Crystal I'ulocfl 
Compuu)''* School of A rt, Sci*nc^. nnd I.ile- 
r«tur*.. Zfrtli piiMisht^d nn Enj(li«h vor»ion 
of (Jocllii-J ■ l-*nu«I,' with ciiliciil nnd i'X|)Ia- 
nnlorr iiolci, iKitf, Svo, rniiimwl in IW'i; 
' Spiiilualism and Aiiiiunl Mnfnit^tiBUi.' l!^'], 
3ru t-dil. 1>^7<J (an ulii-ujpi lu ri|iUiu ^iri- 
tuulintii?' pliriKimoiia on [hH |irintipl<i8 of 
Schop^nliaiiT Nv tlit< ihcorv of nnimnl mnff- 
netitni); nud ' Immnniii'l Knnt. in his rein- 
tion to SlodffnHisiorv'inpajiiT rrnd Wforu 
tho itojot lliitorioil Suricty), lt«7'j, Svo, 

[»irlli'ii nurk«; Toiira. nn .Inn. ISRJ : Al'at^- 
■iftiini. S Fill. lf>U2: Krp^rt of (.'(■nnr'il of 
KoTainix. Soc.icB. 1S»I>-1, ISuittling Nrwi. 
6¥<h.n3'i] O. L»tf. S. 

ZINCKE, rnitlSTIAX FUIKimiCII 
(16,*l?-l7liTl. fiinini'l-pninter, wiu bom in 
UrFidci) nbouc lt>l, und wo* tlie sun of a 
guldamiiLi ili<.-ti-. Hi.- l-udiu Iu Eii){liuid in 
l7<Xi, wlu-n )>'- bocuiiie u |)M[iil of CtiarW 
Boit [(J, v.] thu ■■iiKin.'llirr. IIi» small por- 
trait* in eiutiiii.'I l>i>ea>nv vrry popular, anil 
Im wM nxtonMcly pa<rnnii>ril bv royalirand 
&*hionablo pi'oplii. FrDilcTrii^k, princu of 
Wiles, npiHUiilwl him lii« cnUini-t-painler, 
wid he waji nI«o iiuiploycd by OtorifL- 11 niid 
Qucrii CBrolirif. Ill- puiiileil tii.-vvra1 i-iiHru(>ta 
f'lr 8ir Robert Wulpole, fliii-fly iiipmbeM of 
thufaniily ; agoo>! •.'tiain>'l nf Sip Hobort Wnl- 
poln from StrawtuTrv Mill i* nl Know»lny, 
Uid one of Horni"!' Walpolo wo* pufi'biuiHl 
bytlic E»rl of Wiilili'prnvi'. SoHn-nt wns ilip 
voouD uf ZiaL'k'? Ehal bo wn> obla To raisu liis 
pncH fur a unali eiiauiiil lu thirty (cuinvaa. 

Tbi- enami^l portraiia bv ZiHckw an.' very 
can-fully and niiniil<<ly Iintahc^d, htil. Inrk 
both in colouring nnil nnangi'mniil lhi< Kf"'" 
and tcndnmiva of IViitot. Tlii-y havp, how- 
ever, been justly odmit«J, nnd aa- lo bo niul 
with in iDtiny privniu culk-ctioiiE>. Sutvral 
appear to bts L'Upivd from portraits by Sir 
Godfrey Knelli^r or Midiaul Tlabl. Zmcke 
lind in Coven t GarilBii, but about 174Bhe 
rotirad from hi> prnfi>]uion and ii'lllcd in 
South Lftmbcth, wlicrfr if died on 'H March 
1767. Aftor he had ruiircd ho ma» nDuciully 
oommiwiiaiicd b^- Mmo. do X'ompadour to 
execute a purtrait ut Luuia XV from a pic- 
ture tem ovur frvm France for that purpose. 




YouuK thu poet, in bia 'Love of Fame' 

(aat. t! t. Hays : 

You hur* m niinlnliira your ptclarn m*. 

Not liopi' from ZitirkainMn?,]uiii.-»tliiiu from us. 

ZinrkniriuitwicnniarripH. H'wn« painted, 
withhi»fir»t wit', by H. Ilojwin/, a niclur* 
rngrovt'd in tuc-iJtotiiit. hy J. Fnl>iT. Ky hi-r 
hr had on■^ xm and a dniiehltT. Tht unfond 
wife, Eliiabclh, mr^'ircd hitn nl Ijimbvlh. 
Tliv trrandson, Paul Francis Zincke. pracCiB«d 
in Iiondon aa a copyist, forited vanuu* por- 
imiia of ShalwFpeare, Milton, and other 
rclrbritiri, and diod miM'rahly in Windmill 
Sinet. I^ndoa, in 1830. I'aiil (^hriition 
Zii>i'k(<. youngLT brother of Iho nboTo, oamn 
with him lo London, but arti'ni'nrda ri-movnd 
lo Viviiuu, and IuIit to hvipr.\g. where ho 
aeltled, founded a drawing-fl('b<>ul, and diod 
blind in 1770. 

5 Wiil[iiilii'» .\n»i?do'<-H of Hiiintiiig. id. W»i^ 
nuca ; Oravo aud Atnulruns'it l)i<^t. of PitintrM 
and KnjrrdTsri ; Kouiittol* Staio of iho ,\rl» in 
GtMt Itriiaia ; Foktitr'* Drir.iHh MiTiiaiiira 
I'aiiitrni.l h. C. 

ZINCKE. FOSTER ItARllAM (1817- 

Irilt^i), niiliqimry, bom on •• .Ian. 1^17 at 
Fianliiiy, a *o^r r«tat<i in .Inmnicn. waa tlw 
thinl Hon of l-'n-di-rirk Hurt i^inehc, of 
Jamnien, by bis wifr, ,Mi»» Lawrence, a dc- 
scendnut of llenrv Lawrence [q. v.], presi- 
dcut of Cnim well B council. H*» waalourtli 
ill dewi<nt from Christian Friedrich /.inobo 
T.], ihw R]iniaciiTi> and (■nnnifil pnint«r. 
n ent«nidB«dford Grammar School in 1^8 
and matriculated from Wtdham I'ollngv, 
Oxford, on B March ISiJ, Rnidualinir It. A. 

on in Mbv 143a He rowed in the Uiford 
boat at Henley iu rhe name year. Iu IVIO 
lie wa« onlaiued by Charles Itii'Lanl 
Siitonflr [q. v.], bi'hop of WinctifMer, li> 
ibo c'lmcy of Andovrf, nnd tn lS4l lie 
b™nmo oumti! of W'lii'rslfiiid nnd Fn^alon, 
near Iixiwich. In 1S17, on the denlh of tUn 
viciir, tii'nrKo Capper, he wai npjminied viear 
[>1 "iV lirr-ittid on the pnientalion of tli« 
I'D 111 II .--[HMi ufterwanlc be begau to con- 
Inljiilo to ' Kriwer's Maaiiiiiie" and the 

■ t^unrlcrly Ubviow,' and in 18W publinhod 

■ Soroo Thointhla about t.lip Ki-lioo! of ihn 
Fiitiiro" iI,ondon, rtvo), in which hn erili- 
eiwd with «oiiiu neverity thu system of 
uducnliou piimued iu ihe uuivertilieH and 
public achuols. Shortly aftt^rwardu li« was 
appointed one of the qneen'* chaplains. 

/inch^ wa* n lover of travpl. Imincdinti'ly 
nflpf loavinjj Oxford hn visilfd Fninc, nnd 
travomd a larife |>arl of Swilti-rland on foot. 
In September 1S53 be went to Ireland, and 
ccnviuved himaelf that tho dialrciBed ataUt 
of the countif was largely om-ing lo past 



11 



L 






MiM«bk Hfl 'pi-nt tliH ptMV (Wf ttf IM7 
IMia in» in tk<' I'QJItd StatM flf Antrica. 
traT<-)Uil i-i,;(it. iliou— aJiniU»,»wJ recocAJ 
llii iaprmiciiu UI<1 olWfUlliOM in ' LmI 

Winti^ in rW L'itit«d Suim, bcioff T»Ua 
Talk i-olli^lfxi during ■ Toar lliroagli A» ' 
lale Hoatlwni ronf«a«nUion ' ( Ijoaioa. M^^*. 
6m\. Id IfTI bf riihnd KffTpt, uul ti<> - 
liihM 'Til" t!t{Ti» of tbe PlmwlM SBd uf , 
the Khrdivf ' (tyiDiioa, i$*9), vhicli MehaJ ' 

On ao Ubv I>4V> Ziiielw «u inunnl at , 
81. Uuy'*. Ilr^uMtnn 8f«u«, London. t« 
Cunliiu Oeuria, bd* SUvmum, iliiltfclw 1 —■■ ^hm-m. ■> wi 
aT Joweli Srraow BMCM.ud widow elfSr akn rjwkiiTl. iIk 

vcfiMT of MMniiiiu. Wfcn bi* •(«9Mn, Mr. 
Fnnrii Ht^mi^ur ^terVRton, btcan* lihnml 
csikIic)«i» fW ikfl Bv« dirisioD of BuBblli in 
UaS, Zindw, who iad alwtj* ukaa » Iwn 
nUarMt in politic*, aMtMnll; —nUnJ in 
lii* t>tuit^*tei Tidorjr. Fnm tbM tia* 
uilil Ittt dcolb bfl fnirtiimrd to tolco nn 
•diTE |Mrt in loc*] polUiea, Kmi wtttm n 
Urge dudWt of panpUeii nd •ddtcMM in 
•nypon of hto ofpiniaat^ vkich wm ttuxr of 
•■ idmncid rwML Ho died si Wbcm^ 
on & Anc. ISSS, nnd wm hmcd in tW 
AnrcbjnrdanMAaj;. IIo bA no diadfoK. 
BcmIm tW votfci alMndr BMlion^ Zindta 
vukotbarof: I. *TkD«t]rond IKoeMino 
wt Estanp3>« PtncU«,' London, leaS^vn; 
Sol od. I8»: AMikM odhkm. Xew 
T«A.in7,enk S.'A]foMkniS^t»>>- 

iHdi; UadMi. isn; »*«. 9. 'TW s«to 

AIlMndo.. .^m>e n aeond Hwtk in 
SwinMbnd.' Lodon, 1874, Stol «. ' A 
Walk in tW Otmom, bo^ o tliri Kenth in 

V l^adon, UTS, Sm. & 'TW 

I tW IM^ or tk l^iifaT of • 

np^'L^^.MW^ftw. «.''31*- 
Iwiili fir tk HiNo^if WkHbnd.' I^ 



Aft«-oi 







Mff.PTo;9naFo1ii»l« 

ooiP«>Br_l l?n liniWgrf- 



•TWDMnorBrYoMi,* 
■n >nfcifcafif*r. LoadMw im, 9n. 

pawbrtAwil fin|byf»*bfo»tiw» 
M fWiMHa SI A«. 3 3t|L l«n: 
Si Aw. I9M: AIBmo'o DIM. W B^ lit.; 

S0X9T. OBKABOaeVMWlXlMMc. 

aoFTAirr. lorPAsn. «r iav^ 

PAXIL X>aX or AOl VX>' On»-U10). 

tiniaa. Vm 

Bm 
■ rfoBib ■ill! 




BM«d far 

Biabult ^n jwa 
iiH|iijMHt^on hi 
«M hoyattHc tocfn 

nnd Bnvinff npow^ 
Ebv ina^ i»c* tW 
»-a« i^rAo. di^ 

MiMt, OI ML « «Mr. 

bo iiil illiMliil ' 

tW Enl oT Bony oro: 

pielan of Uwri^ in d 

ta ibo wrtMeaf Lanl &«tn,bri 

woo Mt w i w ii miWiwyolfc^^. 

Mnrii datOoDiA dotaMd n fta 

in Waom'o meum of ^JTilf ■ 

BdlMT m boM and Jnfirt,M 

«o« Wdm^ ManTMiw iwktMtl. Bn» 

enr tUi anr bo, Zafc^r bod knoM a 

■ ■■>■ of tW Sadtt* of AniMo oTGiMt 

Britain fcf Mot i;e.Wb«nb»dAitid 'A 

CutliB u'«Hood'ond'Mr.Oogkkiolh 

ebooMUr of tbo FoTMr M0wd &«■ La- 

dan'(* Mkjwt -r «^i Dtvnnli >lnt aolt 

* i hrt Jy 'Tk Raiaot'* tUtnrn ' «ao |V 

bono lb* UotiBl woofc wback atUMMd Ao 

irna atnh lig. Ziifcoj fc&wrod da 1^ 

of t£r ' OnM Kon«.' n«. H AU i£m 
(wilb Bnnoa and Job lUwr) iTS* 

*AidhMi«.*M.ha«(«Ttb un. cato) 

M • V^m PiMnn.d,'o i iianooTun to Ibt 
•FMwro Betnai:' m Mtokib (witb Hn. 
~): oaSaJobnEratoin tb* ' Pm- 
Wife:' a* Um Port (vitb TboMf 
Kiw) H - LmW 1* ond 00 L«d CUbcoM 
^^htarwMaof tboMatbraa. H< 
obB piintid ftniwi Fmio (>itb TboMo 
W.Mn| no tbo PiMJdmt in tbo 'W^ 
npon m SUAi,' ond m 3t^or 8ont«M 
<«ilb' Bn««) in tbo 'Mnnr of Qnmn.' 
Mw 0^ nndn Vm h«b («i(b 
id DaMHB) to Bidrnlnft'* ' Lon 
in ■ VMiaok' ond haono In lbi>'K>tMV;' 
« Ai Oaifab dnb, « addttino U o 
nd tbo 



* 



ne from ' Vwilco Pn-iwrTwl,' m* piciiirn 
Kiii^ «■ 1'oiicl»timc. Wnnton m Itiliy 
Uuitnn, Mr*. I'rit.-Iinrd a» l.iidy Mupbotli, 
Rnil Kine •enili iwilll Mrs. IWIduk-v ) in llic 
'Clnndi'iiini' MarTUi|^>.* lieiiitvii iWt-.' ami 
otbcT pictum in dittnctur, v.jf, Monrly n' 
Folcacrl mil King oiic« in<)n> m riiiT in lliif 
'CVilic,' ZoflWriT ^spciiti"'! two groiip* nf Ihc 
(}»iT»ck fflmily, nnii two vinwt of ilm rilln 
niul gmiiiKls at llumpinn, irhleh wrre said 
^Ltn tbu (inrriek Mloof Juni< \tf2A. 
Wf Littli' sMuns to bsvi> bi.-en prtficrvi'il at to 
^^Joffmiy'i mode of lifc al tliie ilaU-. Wtivn 
hv caaiif 10 LuiidoTi ho hiwl hirir'il tliF< 8(. 
Martin"* tAn* Aodumy in "I'lit.nr'ii (Vmrt, 
ami wiu no doubt ml linliit.iiA of Old 
Woii;hlrr'« CofTri-hnine. .\t nnn limo Iip 
liifd at Xo. Uiriimnrh Strui-t, St.(iilw'». 
and whun h<^ wai painliii;; Fuot<> a.9 Major 
Bturj^eon his aludio wait In tbe Piann au(v 
( imi-rooniit, aft«rwanls Oeorp* R'.ibioH**, in 
Covesl Gard«D. In 1TIJ9 he wm noiiiiiinl.'il 
B ntcrabpr of t.hp tlnynl Amdniiiy, ihorlly 
nftnr wiiipli liiTO) lici-);hibiti)d(fTOin b'rith 
Sir™;, Soimi n porlrnit (troupof Ouorfiu III, 
bis qiiwn. nnd family, vrliicU wna e^^Vl^d 
by hnrloiii i[i llii^ name yuar. H# w&* aub- 
tiNluenilir pn^«ged U> aetoruyiany Mr. (after- 
wuib Sir Jo^pnbi Iliinkii in CooVa Rncimd 
\OjM^: but, hkp BnnUa, bn Tvithdrrw on 
BCConnt of ihn inndcijuntp DOrommodnliDn. 
In nfUr vran liu jiuiiiteJ n ' Ih^alb of Cap- 
tain (Took.' wbii^b u ni CIrtM.>iiwich Hoapital. 
He had thrown up mitny coininiMiodS la (^ 
vitb Itie expedition, And hi« sfTairn ar. tbi* 
jiiiu-tiira bncamo emluiiTUaoil. 11«- nrcnnl- 
ingly tut out (inpc raor" for iTnly. lie left 
RnfflnDd in 1772, lumiilrd by a ntr-tnnt of 
SOO/. nnd on Introdiiriioii from tin- kinR lo 
the praiid dulie of Tiucanv. At Flon-nce 
he iiainlvd thu 'lnli*ri<ir uf the Flure»lini> 
Gal!i>ry,'w)iicbi»nowiil Buck! tigb am Palace, 
and wna eibibilKd at ibn Itnynl .Vcndeniy in 
17711. In 177fthf Wfnt to Vimna In priwnnl 
lo tbd EmpmM Mnrin 'rhc>ri»a a pictuiv, 
which be Hm painted fur Iipt on cnmmiuion, 
of theroyal tamilyof Tn»CBny. Hewaamade 
iiireluniabaronoftlie Austrian einpin?. Ou 
hia way home from Vietina hi> paiuTed tbo 
conn cbnp^l at Cobli'ntt, Dlatinrtionit of 
diflprtmt kind* e.ami' to liim in Ilnly. and Up 
wn» pIr-iTieii a mnmb'T of tlio acaiJpmipn of 
IJijloffiin, 'J'lupnny, nnd I^irran. 

lie had bvcii it-VEn yean in Unly wliun 
he reaulied Knj-laiid apim iu 177^. For boiijb 
time he worked aHBidiioii*lyat hi^prnfi-^ion. 
Then in I"8S from iinr^it or ciipidilv he 
■iiddpnlydntpfminml to <lnrt for Indin. IJiTfi 
h<?fiTeirpd many liiprntiiv commitiionM, ono 
of which, a Inrifp family (froup Ptccntrd at 
Cnlctitlii in 17t*l, bclonp* to Air. Uaabwood 



of RryivnttoQ Sitiurw. At l.iicknovr, when 

' forwiioi-' yean hi- nuidml, hi'^nainT-t! ' Colimnl 

I SJuRtaimCB Cock- match ' (l7Slil, n •Ti(t<M' 

nunl in the Knul Indie* ' (I7-'«*), nnd tbo 

] "IvinbiWfvnfHyderBepkloCnlputta'll?**), 

all of wuich were uftcrwanli cnj^ved by 

Karlom. Ho returned toKnuUnd once more 

in l70O,aricb»rnian,biitwithMdl7im[iair«il 

' puweri', though bxcontiniird In pain), llni^ 

inf^lUc latpr yrnra of hi* lifo Ue nntl a houao 

I at Srrnnd-oii-the-drepit, whnrw I19 di«d on 

1 1 Nov. INRI In tho neiifbhoiirlnit ohtudi 

of Old Bretilford (St. tie(>Ti^>'>) in an allar- 

place which he pave to It, representing the 

'l.nut Buppnr.'and which cuutain«,iu ir«$t. 

PetLT, n porlrnil nf bimielf. The reniaiDiuff 

B])ostlci ari' laid to bn Ilrenlford or Strand 

on-t be-Cirt'im liahprtnoa. Zoffany ia buriod 

in Kew churchyard. 

He iriu inamed twice, liii Hnrt irlfp bcin;; 
the nivcf of a prietrt at Cublentz. By liia 
«-cond wif", Mary, who BiirTiied lum, he 
had four dniighifre. It wa« ihia Isdy whom 
Nolleknn*, nporinp piglit.y, wished lo mnrrv, 
and ti) whim hi- mibmriiipnlly lufi ,TflO/. in 
hii will (.Smith. .Vo/W™*, IS3S. ii. 1», 41). 
A large nuinljer tif JColluny'ii porlmits of 
royal and noble iierw.iiinsi-j were exhibited 
at, South K"n*iiiffTiin in May LM7, and there 
Rr« <ixnnip1p( of bi« wiirk in the Diploma 
(inllprrnl UiirlinK-lnnHnns,-. InlhoColIn^ 
of Phy»ifinn« ii n picinrp by him of Williain 
Hunter dirtiveriiiir a IrMiirp on anatomy in 
tliTlifeicliiiol of thelloynl.^cndemy ; id the 
Royal Colteclion, in n^dition to the ■ Flo- 
rvnnne (inllery" and dfparale |Kirlniita of 
(tpoTfrn III and Queen Charlotte, t* the 
lloya! AfadiMny in ITTB, ItofTHny aluo 
Ipft nortrnili of Uainthortmjfh, Cirsar 11. 
IJnwiiin". Mocklin, C. J. Fo», Sir HiHinrd 
Jctbb, Wilkes and hi* dnuRhter, and (icinrpa 
Steevens. the Shakesjieare eommeulnlurflhe 
lost iiflerwards Hngraved for Itoydell'* 
'Shake»p>'nri>'), At thi> National Portrait 
Oallpry i» hi* own portrait, painted by hiiii- 
»plf in 17fl|, to((»tb:r with porlrnita of Sir 
HIiinh Imtioynnd Lord SnndwiHi. Zoifany'n 
skill lay cliiefly in dramntic nceni-* nnd roa- 
veraatiuii ptecei. which, beaidps brinir 'uH of 
life and cliaraeter, are cleverly varied and 
agreeably fliii»hed. The bach^tounda viera 
■onu'tiniM Bxocntnd by other artial*, e.y, by 
Itinh/inl Wiinon: bnt t.hosp by Zotfiiny riim- 
wdf have (ri*nt merit and inffi'nnity. H« 
baa been ndmimbly enRmvtsl bv V. (Jroen, 
Mc.\rdell. l-'iu lay noil, llixon, i. O. Uaid,' 
Eurii)in. uiid otheri^ 

(Itoiljtrjim : Bryan: S«i;uii>r; Smith'e Solle- 
k»ns i Whwiitfi)' »iiil l.'uuniiiifbiini'B London; 
Thome* Enriron* of I^ndon; Acadamy and 
GroaTrnar Gallery OitaluBaM.] A. I). 




/.&3 rKASBK VA3 '. 




- - *• «Cta« ^ 
I - 1 <Mi • n M I III u.p. IM. 

f^ ICL tit: Km. lUS. Omh. 
UU Brf. .A|^ *i. U» fiiiiBiiin 

i «■, p. C. 

nULbS a737-l^lai.<£>iM 



> I& tfa fai MiH ^ k MW 

. • Jw« ITM w <1 Dm. f7U U 

BMufWii fii«><ot bins 

Willi ml iw^«t. !!• 

■CTi 1 I J m rwhfciii.— i cWfUa lo 
th.MMi^MM«nini^w L»^h>teM 
•(lk*a»Mi ts lui ■» i> th» tUrti— jfc 

■ <M.«£L.Nk. !**-'>■ A»»BliMlllllrf 

tfe WaaRiidMtUiHd Mmr«MMd,Wt 
WmafMoMMnR. Ih«>d<Ml7JMB 
17M^«^ OB ai Jmm 'WM bntd a h»»wm 

8 1 ' (.VoCM «W QMnMLBth MC SL IS». 

lof WiOkaMBk<-.>f wa<«eU; tU 
Ae4 ia tW ••cnw « in< Imtw m imm 
(Hvsm, .£i^, DwL Sec iiTw,7»}. 
Zoaefc WM aitlHr oft 1. ' Bcmcrfc* t^on 
tlw Ut» Rma h a i tm of th* Hoom of Oanf 
nooa nmcctiBf the BnttcwMl Chsage of thr 
FDarL*w*-.^l?tei; £• £^mIi Fmbaldrr'. 
AdJwi ti>'li>«C^aBUTMti'(iaaiu),l7M]L 
3. 'A few Wonb m BeUlf of tLe Poor, 
being llmiafka upon a Itui of )lr. Giltmt 
tor inpnrvinf tho Fotit*,' 1792. 4. ' Ao- 
coant of Iks prwrat Dftrinc Pncticu of 
Niylil-huntora uu) PMehon/lTSS. S.-IIiau 
on ihc l>uhlicl'<iliai','l7M. e.>Uaiwrk> on 
m [till of .Sir William Yonog Gar p«rcotiog 
Vnaiioui KcnoTBlt,' IrW. Lonl Lough- 
borougti'* 'UlMeTTationsoalhieSikWof Eng- 
liah rmoDB and ibtt Means of improving 



rfSaadai^S^ 

(^ ZT Jal* irM), mU 

1< J«1t 1;[», Dovothi.iiaufcHr 

•C Wato6dJ; .fe <bl 

« SnU MafMOB 

U SffL mr, a^ after reccmag Ik nidi- 

«r a dbaial ad— IJWI frwa lui 

<d WahiJiy, nicr Jafca ClaftN (ITOft- 
17«> 'a. T.] Ha wm a^nttad ■mummO' 

toB. tmi li w a i r ii l ir af MaanUwoa 
6 )Ut 1797. Ha wva a 0»*ca idUlaN 
•fcy la ITflDk tmi gtmimttmi KA. in 1761. 
Uia HMa k ptslad H tUrd in tW lot of 
■■■1*™- far thai jaar, bnt lu Iiunjclf 
rfaiweJ iW iiniai pwil w B. PoanUj oM 4 
of tfca iwo gi liaaldi a>or> him had nKiei»fd,J 
aa waa nel vaMBMOn at tkal >lit«. an bono- 
tarrdwtaa. Zoatb urooMdnl .M.A. in KU, 

aai u!&. i« laos. 

Zoodt noaainad at Ounbridaa «ail I7T0. i 
Ua WM oejaiacd ctMeoB in 1761, and tot ' 
two jean gaitid iha BcBbeni' prin br a 
Latin c w T i a ITftf *• a middle bufcplor, 
and in 17S8 aaaaanior faacbelor. In 1763 
hit wa* «il«ei»d minor fellow of hi* mll«g«, , 
and tircamn major frlhnr in 17A1, aub-lMtOFl 
prioiui 1705-0, and lector linjnua IjUimbI 
1768. Ub wai al«o appoiotcil aaratonl ! 
tutor, at uiasnualMlsijof BM.,u>TboiiH« 
Poatlvthn-aile ^q. T.], and in addition took 
priTaI« pupiU, among whuoi was IVf^ 
Arden, baron AlTanler. Un h Fvb. I'lXtba 
delivMvd in thit collwp cling>''l a funptal 
oration in Latin on tno dmih of Itofant 
Stnitb, till! master. Tbo official ronaa aa 
tfae aooeaMoa of George 111 eontainMl a 
Latin poem hj him ; to iboM on tbat kinB** 
marriage be ooBtributod a Gtvek poem, aai 
he supplied Engliili reran for the teU oa 



Ktbe l*rinco of 'VVnU-s uaA tfavi 
i.wLkb are qtiule'l witli praite 
in iiw 'Moullily Review' (xxviii. 27-1*, 
xxix. 43). The Olcwi; verse* in four of the 
iiniii"'>f*iiv wl» wliiph biint tlm nntni? of 
.Miohiu)! l.ort fq. r.j ore inid to liave bern 
oompmrd hyZoiicli. Up won t lie Sent onian 
pritc in I'S&witti a iiiHrni on tLt-'Cruei- 
n:tion.' It wan printt^il in ttjat year, hnd 
inclailed iu Ihe collf«cliou» of • Mi»«n' Sph- 
tonianw' (1773 pp. i;;»-4l, 1767 pp.i23-4l, 
lSU8i.l8.V9S). 

rniinr the prpMnrn of hnnl worli Zoiich'e 
hc-olth broke down, nnd ou I'.' July 1770 bv 
von iosiitutti], on tIii- prt'tcnlnt ivn uf Lis 
univcrsily, to tlie rectory i.>f WyelitrB,on tho 
Kiutberu banh of tht^ 1Ve« aiul in ibe Xorl.b 
RiJinK of Vorkibiiv, Thn pntmnugn vns 
ve*leij in thn Itomnn cnthollc family ol' 
C^ilnbin, and, na tbcy rmiitn] his uoniina- 
lioo, it co»t him mncb trouble and e-vpeiiM! 
to ntublinii bin Tight to the livins'. Tlie 
church aud pBr9<j[iB)p- are dt'lif^btfiiilv silo- 
at'.-d,aud tbeinl#re«tnf tbiHeinnllpnnsb wai 
beiirlitenMi in hi* fy«* by it* mputrd cnn- 
ni>ciiiin wilh John Wynlifflt (WmTAKKn, 
IliehniiindtMiv,\, 1117 -200). Intbitploninnl 
poKition Zonch renininwl until )7!*3, und lor 
tbe Krai ten veam (from 1770 to I'^U) took 
private pupils, three at a lime. Ilii) sister 
Aiiiiyi <'/.:) April I7'i9, aged 3-'i> bad mnmed 
Sir Willinm l>owtber, Kiclorof Swillinglon 
(d. lli Jiinn 17r*8, a(tpd t'I),am! the li»t of 
tbn youtha with liim inrluded bis two 
nephews ( Willinm Lowtlier, crcaleii Kurl of 
lAiiiMbile in IhUr, and John Luvitbrr) and 
Sir Lerctt Hauson. Hem be found much 
lime for study on bis own aoeoiinl, and bo 
a''i]iiirnd a full knowledge of French, Italian, 
llebfew, as well na 'n certain portion of 
Oiaidiw nnd Ariibic lenminK.' Ileiboroughly 
Mplored ihia dinlrict of Vorkihire for mre 
buranieal speciuienB. und becume fto WvU 
bii'jH'a for liiB zent iu this pitrauil ibat on 
\'/ May 17&S, witbin two months of its first 
nieftiiiji, he «•* •iMlad a fellow of the 
I.innenn Society. Afonaadukc Tunslall i_ii. 
I790).adi«tinirui»liedniilit[unry andnntural- 
jjl, waa the wi^uire of the pariah. Xoucb's 
cbarBclHr of bun ii in ^^ nitaher's ' ICiob- 
iDOudishiiv ' III. 37) and NicliuU'n ' Literary 
Illuslroiions'(v. :>l:f-13). 

Un tbr appointment of Richard IVppnr 
Ardcnnji master of thn roll*, in 17S8, Zniich 
bocame hi* chaplain, and in 1791 bpohtained 
theposttionofdepuly-conimissaryoflbearcb- 
deacunry of Kicbmuud. Pilt. wlio was under 
gnat obti),-iitiiju to the family of l^owtber, 
wtot* to Sir William Ixiwtber in January 
I7DI thai bi> biwd lo prociiro thn living of 
Outarick for /oucb. In this ho did not 



succeed ; but he biwtowcd on him in I7BS 
the valuable rectory of Scrayinffbam in the 
Kast Uiiiini! of Vnrkshir*, whereupon the 
beneficprif Wycliffo b<«arae vncaiii. Hy the 
deiith of bi» fXAi'T brother, Hi'nry, in I7fl.'i, 
nn estate at Sandal Mngna came to Zourb, 
and from the dntr of the widow* death in 
1 760 be rvaided there. I'itI (houfcht of him 
for tbe maiterobip of Trinity C'ollegv in 
1 708 ; but Msnsel b»d superior claims for 
a port which thmi rnijiiiri'd a man of eTCPp- 
tional iirmiiBiu of ehnrarlnr. In ,\pril XrMi 
Zouoli obtained throuKb I'ltt the sr'oond 
prebendat slull in the cnthedrnl of Uurbam. 
Wheu Vernon (afUrrwardB Vemon-IInrcourl) 
wu translated at the close ef l>i*(i from 
Carlisle lo the arcbbishojiric of York, the 
meant m-« waa oilVreil by tlie Duk« of Porr- 
Innd lo Znuch. He i* >nid to barn acfnplotl 
the olt'rr, but one day Inter lo havn with- 
drawn his accenlance. In early life lie was 
atlaoked with u«Hfness, which grew on him 
with inereasinic years, and br waa now iu 
bad health. Moreover, ibt- cban^-i- would 
bavii broui'lit liit.ln. if any, pecurJary nd- 
Tnntniri' iSottt and Qurrirt, ."ird «T. vi, S'fl; 
Ili't. MSS. Vomm. ISth Hep. vii. L'.ll>-S>. 

Zouch died at Sandiii Mnf;iui on 17 i)i«. 
181o, and wan buried there un 23 Deo., tbo 
Hov. James Tato drawing up a Ijiiiii in- 
scripiion for him. He niamed at Win»tou, 
Diurbam, on R July 177^, iKabella, daughter 
of John limttraon, ri-clor of that parish. Slio 
died an 18 Oct. ItWI. Hi* H-ennd wifr, 
whom be married at Snndal Ma^na on 
if Aug. \mft. wa* Martrarvt ( 17^3-l•'«3), 
second ilaii^Iiler of Dr. IpVilliam Brooke of 
Vi..ld Head, Dodworth, Yorkshire, anil sister 
of J. I*, llrookn, Somcnnt herald : s1ie was 
buried with hor busband at Sandal (July 
lySil). Zuucb was a f[oviimorof Waknlicld 
icbool from U June 1790 to 13 May 1 Wi, 
and be founded tlie endowed school at 
Sandal. Zouch wfw best known as a student 
of the work* and lifti of Iiaak Walton. He 
iTdiicd in I7fl^,witb noti»,and a prefsce and 
a dedication to hi* brother lltmn- Zoucb. a 
thin ijuarto mtitled "Love and Tnilb in 
two modest and peaceable leilnts . . . from 
a i|uiet aud conformable cilixen of London to 
two bu*ie and factious sbopJieepera in Co- 
ventry,' a rsprinl of n rare tract dated ltt80 
in ICmmanuc^l Colle|{n Library, ('amhrldge, 
ond Oicribed to Walton {cf Wsi.tox, ('<im- 

fleat Angler, ed. Nicola*, vol. i. pn. c-cii). 
lis edition of Walton's ' Lives of Donne. 
Wottou, Hooker. Herbert, and Sundetwon, 
with Notes and Life of ibe author.' which 
waslirst issued at York in 1766, was reisaued 
in tbia country in ISO? and fwith iiiclttsiou 
of 'L(nroandl'rulh')in lt^l7|Uidwupub- 




Vuhti at N«w York in 1U6 bimI ItUH, aad 
stBoHouinlSaO. Ha u-wmllaeimd fat ttauo 
of hit ootnmMiu in the* Muoihlv M>iiaiin«' 
(Hay IW3, pp.399.30Oi.and t)i-fi-iul<J him- 
•«lf in the ' Gvatlvmau'ii Magasin»' (I^>^> 
it. ICIti). Zi>uc)i'< 'IJfu of Itaak Walton,' 
willi noli<>e* "f tii» crtiilcmprtpnTifii, wa» wp«- 
ml«i|y {lublihhpd wilh illiutialionii in lt':!3, 
and MM niiHiin! in li^^. ''Il>n fruits of 
bi* nannlim' wurc rmbodicd in thv life <if 
Wallmi ir|iir1in*B.i prefixt.>d tn ib(> It^ itmii.- 
by SuQiil>.-l Itiifjitrr i/f Hit Jubn llavrkini'* 
eilitiuQ uf 'Tbr CuutplMt Aug;[»r.' /ouch'* 
Uuuroiihvnf Wnllini anti iiupeiwdcJ bylbst 
of SirS'.'lt. Nicnlnn, 

Thit oibi-r n'ork* of Znuch inciliidnl, in ad- 
dition ■<) Kfinotia : I. ' iVn Itujuirjr iolo thu 
Fropbatic Churnctt^ ot Ihu Komana, m ilo- 
•criEK^i) ill I>auivl viii. iA-i,' 17))^. 'i. * Au 
■Itrinpt in illiit'I.raiv toiiit>of lh<^ IViubK'ies 
df i,lii> niil niiil NVw Ti-MDtnerit' [IHX)). 
3. *A l^iu-t to Biibitp ftortlff on liis 
fl|iininn cniici'niin^ Aniioliriat. IJv aCoiin- 
Iry Clpno-mnn fi.ft Zoiidii." 1M01. '4. ■ M*- 
mair of Julm Suilburv, Dunn of Durham' 
(an-m-). If""^- ^- ' rfeiuoir. of Wir I'hilip 
8i<liii-}','lmS; liti'Ji-d.lgU!); a' meagT»b<»k.' 
tav* Sourbi'* it^ltfru, cd. Warier, ii. it", 
Vhi /-•>,<t.'t. C. U. Soiiibfiv, iii. 234). He 
aMiirivd in draniiin up 'TKd I.if<^ nnil Cha- 
Taet«r nf John. l<ord ^'i■l:ouIlt l^ntJatn,* 
]irintei< for privalt di«lributioii in li^OP, and 
lircliii-il Id [h(> ' Mvoioirx of JsiiK^f II,' ISOR. 
/oucli'im'ork»wrn'«Jili'd Lvl'Vuncis Wmiig- 
luun al Yurk in 1>^J(J. both in a priTatu im- 
prMtion of four cop'm only, and alau for m1« 
{a vol*. 8vo). 

[Hsmoir by Wrsngham prcflxH to Wortu 
ni(20) nnd iBucif ic^nitvly ; Nichnlii'* 
Llturiiry Aiii'i^lnt**, vii.720; Ncilin nii.lQucriw. 
Bthtor, iti. 13^,198. 334: Lnploiii W.ikcflcH 
WoHhicj, pp. lUl-6; pHimek'n WrtkBfl.M 
S<'h<inl.pp. ]IU, 214; \VhltAk«r'» L<.i.ii>.i. 3Si, 
S9I'3, 300; I..)nii.Lil* MKS. (Il<»l. MSisCOmni. 
13lli Ilep. pi. vil,) ISi. lie, iaO-1,212'1. in- 
cluding Mtoml' of /lOncb'* )«iuri : Ilaairr'H 
Fftinilliii (Hiui. fW.), ii. 760, 783; iiilurmmion 
from Dr. Aldii Wtight. Trin. Cell. Cnmbndco.l 

W. P. C. 

ZOUCHE.BiROS. [SeaCcBxoir.KoiiiricT, 

ii>I(*-ik;3,j 

ZOUCHE or ZOUCH. ALAN u or on 
u, Bakox Zovcite (rf. li'fO), wu the ion of 
Itoger 'li' la Zotieli ami t Lo ^runditoD of Alnn 
do U 7,aw\i. Thi» eldiT Alan, Iba Mmt of 
tbc family to bi; rttabli'li*)!! in KiigUuJ, wua 
a yuoutrrr cnn of ' Oalfridii* vicnconie«,' ibnl 
it, in nil probnliilily of lioolFn'y, viscounl 
of I'ttrboi.-t in Brili'nny Irf, lUlj; hi* (ijdor 
brotlwr, EudrH de rorliocl, wn» for a few 



y<«n ooitnt of BrilUny, bat. wilJi a ilupata 
title, and hit uncU, &I>o ■auml AUn. < 
founder of tb« riMoanty of R<ib*m 

(A. DC U BOKDEXIK, G4*fn>fJtir 
4e fa Brtt<tgnr, p. 29). Lndw Mi , . 
Ainnde Pofboei.urdeUZooeli.fBUbl^a 
hintwlf in Kngland, atid aianinl Adrls 
Alien d« lt»!nms *ole bnrMs of the hou 
of llclmcis [cf. Bn.Hnt, Ricoik* 
hi-r inliprilaac« inclodin^ ToftjE Cuile 
SliTOfabint, A^bby (aftiirsardi caillMJ Adih 
d(> la Zoncb) iu Lvicvitrnbire, Xonh Uojit 
ill IVvotiahirv, anduitier londsin Oambtid 
■bir« and olwwbpre. As lirr tiifbnntl, i 
do In Zoach bacaow an io^otUat penonqs^ 
at Ilvnn' U'* court. Their Miia, WQUaaa 
do U }Wh (d. 1100) am) !{<«« 4a k 
ZuucJi (if. I S^ > ), Micconded in ton to (Lm* 
pttates. Itugtfr'* llrcion coBMCtioa wa* 
■lmo»t fatal to him in 1301 {Sotuti Xaf 
minnuW, pp. 130, 1ISI>, but he maaairad to 
ri?)tain John'* faroiir, and drvMed lumalf 
to that kinft to tJM lut. Tn the 6m rvar Dt_ 
Urtiry Ill's reiitu ho trma rawarded br'r*««if 
iiif; fjrRDls uf thi'r(nfFilMlaUtf4orWliina 
niVB, the viiooiintB of Itobui iltof. Lir. Clan 
i. ana, 8d.\ 4i3). Uo died befoTO 3 Xo» 
12.18 {Erttrpta t Hal. Fin. i. 3151. 

On 1.^ Juno \'i42 .Man wa4 ■anunancd i 
allFiid Ibc king wilb boiSM and arfD!! 
Oonconr (AiUv OttaMiw, rf. Micbirl. i i.^ 
^1. Ilo wai at La Btiivr in 0<-tnh"t (ill 
i. 78>, at BonJuux in Mart-h and Aj^il liiu 
(A.i. 110-^). and at La lifoti'in Novpnibfr' 
{a. i. 221>. Deform Ci Aujr. Il'-W (CW. flw. 
Ireland. II'l-lgAI, p. J68) Zouck win ap- 
pniniiHliuaiic'-oft.'hefiierandoflbi.' four oant- 
rvdii in North Wal«i. Mallbow Ptaia mjv 
thatlio 1^1 (bis oflicc by onibiddinx hitpK- 
dMHrnoriJohudL-drFT. lUoffwrad lopaTa 
fenn nf iwi-lvtibuudrvdinnrhiiiuitwdof It* 
hundri'd ( Hitl, Major, r. i27 : sm-, hoKvvRr, 
ORKr.Sm Jdiik itB,il.l^). Zoueb bonttfd 
that Wnlis WM DMrly all mlucFd to obe- 
dieuoo tu the Hngli^ lawt (*. t, 'JliS), bn^ 
his hittl>-handfd acta proroked ror« ' 
WrfprBncP and cmmtm (cf. ttntr* On 
i. V'4; AMrrrialia floeitomm, pji. I4'i-3i 
lip continued in office a* the lord Filword^ 
doputy afli>r tho Idug*! vrant of Cbaaur i 
Hali-M In hi* cldeat son. 

Iri'lnnd bnd bcm among th? Innds whii 
Kdwitrd had rrMimd IVom [TenT^- lit 
li^. In the Kpriog' of MM 1^'uch 
»eni to iLnT counirv 'on tbn f^nic of 
Ion! KdHawl'((Si/,'ifaft Irrlaud. li*.3- 
[). 81 1, and M>nu al\«rvanls bo wa> nppnin 
jiiitic>i nf Ireland under Edward, hia flr 
oflicinl mnndat* bniiii; dated ?7 Jutii> \i!i 
(cf. i:hron. in Cart. St. Mani't, Dubiin. 
310, vhich datos bit Hppoiutmvnt ISj 




Zouche 



415 



Zouche 



GiLBEET, Fic<n>y«o/ /™Zanif,pp. 103-4). In 
1267 he was still in Irel&nd (d/. Doc. Ireland, 
1262-84, p. 89). On 28 June 1258 he re- 
ceived a mandate from the king, now under 
the control of the barons, not to admit any 
justice or other officer appointed by Edward 
to Ireland unless the appointment had the 
consent of the kiog and tne barons (Fadera, 
i. S73). However, he ceased to hold otHce 
Boon after this, Stephen Longespee being 
found acting as justice on 21 Oct. 12i)8, 

During the barons' wars Zouch steadily 
adhered to the king. He was on 9 July l:jttl 
appointed sheriff of Northamptonshire, re- 
ceiving in October a letter from the king 
urging him to keep his office despite any 
baronittl interlopers {Lut of Sheriffs, p. P2; 
Shirley, lioj/al Leltfm, ii. 193). lie re- . 
mained sheriff until 1264, and sometimes | 
ignored the provisions of Mnf;na Carta by 
acting Bs justice itinerant in his own fhire 
and also in Ifuckinghamshireand Hampshire. ! 
In 1261 he was also made justice of the 
forests south of Trent {Cal. Rot. Pat. p. 
32), and in I'iGS king's seneschal [tii. p. 3J). 
In April 1262 he held forest pleas at Wor- 
cester {XBn..W»n. iv. 447). On 1:J Dec. 1263 
he wasone of the royalist bnrons who agreed 
to submit all points of dispute to the arbitra- 
tion of St. Louis {Boyai Letters, ii. 252). 
According to some accounts he was taken 
prisoner early in the battle of Lewes by John 
Oiffard [q-v.] He escaped almost immediately 
and tooK refuge iti Lewes priory, where he 
was found after the fight disguised as a monk 
(Robert OF Glotjcester, ii. 753-4; 'Ann. 
London' in Ckron. Edu-ardland Edward II, 
i. 6S, however, makes his brother William 
Zouch Giffard's captive ; aee'BL\\vw,Ilarone' 
War,p. 201). Intlie summer of 1266 be was 
one of the committee of twelve arbitrators ap- 
pointed lo arrange the terms of the surrender 
of Kenilwortb {/Inn. Waverlry,-^.'A7'i). On 
23 June 1267, after the peace between 
Henry HI and Gilbert de Ctare, eighth eart 
of Gloucester [q.T.], he was appointed warden 
of London and constable of the Tower {Liber 
de Antiquis Legibu*, p. 92 ; cf , however, Ann. 
Lond. p. 76, and Cal. Rot. Pat. p. 40, which 
says 25 June). Ha continued in office until 
Michaelmas, whereupon his tenure was pro- 
longed until Easter 12ft8 (Lib. de Ant. Leg. 
p. 335). In 1270 Zouch had a suit against 
Earl Warennewith regard to acertain estate. 
On 19 June the trial was proceeding before 
the justices in banco at Westminster Hal!, 
and Zouch seemed likely to win the case. 
Thereupon he was murderously attacked by 
Earl Warenne and his followers [for details 
8eeWiRENNE,JoHUDB,123l?-13dl]. Roger, 
his Bon, was wounded and driven from the 



ball; AlanhimselfwasserJously injured and 
left on the spot. He was still surviving when, 
on 4 Aug., Warenne made his peace with the 
crown and agreed to pay a substantial com- 
pensation to the injured Zouches {F(edera, i. 
485). He died on 10 Aug., and on 20 Oct. 
his son Roger received seisin of his estate 
(Ejrcerpta e Rot. Fin. ii. 626). 

Zouch was a benefactor of the Knights 
Templars, to whom he gave lands at Sibford, 
and to the Belmeis family foundation of 
Buildwas, after having carried oa protracted 
lawsuits with that house (EtTOS, ii, 220). 
Zouch married Elena (<f. 1:>96), one of the 
daughters and coheirs of Eager de Quincy, 
earl of Winchester [see under Qdiscv,Sabb 
de], and in 1267 succeeded to her share of 
the Quincy estates. Their eldest son, Roger 
de la Zouch, married Ela, daughter of Eme- 
lina. countess of I'lstvr, was summoned to 

Carliament,and died in]38.5, being succeeded 
y his son Alan, then aged 18, who died in 
1314, being also summoned to parliament 
between 1297 and liis death. lie left three 
daughters as bis coheirs. The youngest, 
Eliiabeth, was a nun. The elder ones were 
Eleanor, who married (1) Nicholas Seymour, 
and (2) Alan de Charlton ; and Maud, who 
married Robert de Holland. Between the 
descendants of these two ladies the estates 
■were divided. A younger son of the elder 
Alan and Elena de Quincy was Kudes or Ivo, 
the alleged ancestor of tlie Zouches of Ilar- 
ringworlh [see ZorciiE, Edward i^]. 

[Rymer's Fisdera, vol. i., Cal. Rot. Pnt , Cal. 
Rot. Curt., Rot. Lit. Clam., AbbreriMtio Plnci- 
lorum, Excerplu e Rot. Fiaiiin], toIs. i. snd ii., 
and Cal. Inq. post mortem, vol. i. (all in the 
Kortird Comm ) ; Cal. Doe. Ireland. 1171- 
1 2f,\ , r2,W-84 ; Trivrt (Engl. Hist. Soc.) ; Libfr 
dc Antiquis Legi bus (Cnmd. Sue.); Holes (Jan- 
conB, vol. i. in Dncumentein^ils; Matl. Puris's 
I llitt. Mnjora, vol. v.. Htubba's Chron. fi:dward I 
and Edvnrd II, Annnles Monn.ilici, Rirlianger, 
] Flores Hist., Sbirioy's Royal Letiors, vul. ii., 
i CHrtuliiries of 8t. Mary's, l)ul;lin, vol. ii., 
' Robert of Gloucester, vul. ii. (all in Rolls Sor.); 
M»moir> and Genealogias of the Zouolies are in 
t'oss's Judges of EngUnd, ii. £27-9. and Bio- 
graph ia J uridica, pp. 780-1 ; KjlonVShropHhire, 
ii. 208-24, Nichols a Leicestershire, iii. S63, 635, 
and in Dugdate's Baronage, i. 688-9. For the 
Zouch descent the 3 wavesey Charters in Dug- 
dale's Monasticon, vi. 1001, 1002. cannot be re- 
lied upon ; Bee rather Monasticon, vi. 263, 
Ejton, ii. 210. and G, E, C[okayne]'ii Complale 
Peemco, viii. 222. corrected in viii. 529 ; Nieo- 
lui's Hiatorie Peerage, ed. Counhope, p. 62-1.] 

T, F. T. 
ZOUCHE, EDWARD la, eleventh 
Dabon Zodche op Harrinswobtr (1556?- 
1626), bom about 1666, was only son of 



la ZouehD, iRDlb bnran (d. 15G9|, 
uid Ci« wifo Mai^rM, (Uimhlrr mid coheir 
of Vr'illiuu Wt^lby of Moltou, Liucolushire. 
The tiunily GLtiiiiiud dvsceat from Kiiilvs ia 
Zuuclw, & ,vi>iing|vr foii of Aliui In 'Ifiaehe, 
baron JfOiiclie [il-v-l Hi* too Williaiu, &i*\ 
bnmn Zourhn of flnrrinttworlh, won ■iim- 
tnoiiiMl to piirlLami-ol from 13 Sua. 1308 to 
U Fi^b. la4.-*, nnd died in l3i'J, W'lUiaui, 
the <ttUi baron (l'lU:,'}'-1403t.marri«'] Alic« 
dtjure baiunvei Si. Maur, dauglitor of Sir 
ThomM.Sl. Muur, baron Si. Mnur, and th« 
BiKllinnd (iiccvedios baroiw Zniicbc am now 
Cwiaidor»d to kiivo Men oIko de juit barons 
tSt. Maur. John, tlie aoventh baron (lilOO- 
lu2U|. WBi attnitilod iu 1480 us jlii ndhertut 
of liioluird Ul.but nuivisiotvd lu bluodaud 
disnitr iu USu. 

Edward succeeded m eleventh Haron 
Zoiirho on the donlh of hi* fulbur, (.icurgu, 
on % jimn 15SD. A» n 'wnnJ iif elate' liif 
cnmc aaAcr tho enn- of t<ir William Cotil, 
wbo L-nirustcil his tducHliun lo WLilKift, 
ihen nuHU-r of Trinitv L'-ollege, Caoibridf^. 
On 19 Au^. 1670 \V'h*it^ift wmtd to t'ocil, 
' Mv Lord /onche i" in good h^'oltb . . . and 
iJinl! nnt Incic iay cnr^fiilncu and diligi-'iico. 
... Hit continucth In his wpU-doinp,' but 
apimrTTnll^ did not inliPBdefr^'i^^WmTOipr, 
iiitrkt, ill. &Ui)). He revtived Lis BrsI emu- 
moDa Iu [)nTliainenL on i April l-^i 1, but 
being a minor did not tahn his seal for 
•Oiu«i yvnrs. Siib8>v|ii(>ntly hn lamnntnd hia 
' fond apending nf hi* limi? in irouth ; ' ' I 
nuaed my youth/ hnwrotv, 'iulilllcx-'urL-h- 
ing for knowledge, and in ihat time spirut 
my (mirimonr" {Cal. Ulatr I'apfrt, Dotu. 
iatn-t,\>.9l;'Cal.Ualfifl<lMS.S.vi. l»5). hi 
IGTohi-ijuarrellad williKogBr Norlh, micond 
baron North [ii.v.l, and on 1:; Fob. \''iili-fi 
both peers witl- mimmonnd bpforn thn priry 
council and bound over to keep the jiencu. 
In liS8t! Zoucho wn* one of the iieem who 
tried Uary queen of ^oU.und iu Ilie fi>lluw- 
inf; yaar be weiii to livi.> on ibe cuutmenl, 
purify to qualify bimaelf for public Ken'lc« 
and punly, aahi? said, 'to livn cht-ni'ly.' Ho 
went by sua to Ilambiirg in March 16H7, and 
thonce to llcidnlbot^ and Frankfort. In 
April ITiSR lie wan nt Hoale, and in IGIKI he 
mvt at Altdorf (Sir) Henry Wotlou [q. v.], 
u-iih whom hu curreapuiided much in aflvr 

fparj. Woltou'a leltvrs toZouchawerepiib- 
islied eepurutvty Ja 16M (J<oadoii, ^vo), and 
were bUo appnded to tha mlition of tho 
'Kpliquinr \\ottonianiD' which app<<nn!d in 
that j'cnr. In Auf[u*t 1G91 Koucho was 
living lit Vi'-nnn; thence bu proceeded to 
Veruiia. but inlStlShcwoabadlUi England. 
Ou 'J'J Dec. uf ihut y«ar bs «a« aeut as 
BDTOy extniordinary to J&mea VI of Scot^ 



I^pm,l 



land to pruint offaiiM hli Irnicncj towards 
Iluntly, Errol, awl Anffun, who wmh known 
to be in IvagUF with ?>iiaiu, and io inform 
him thai Elitabelb would nwint tbe landing 
ofnnv Spani*h tnxiM in Scollaod 
tioni dated iO Dec. in Cbltat MS. 
I U. ii- it ISI, IM; cf. Oil. Sralf 
!^pBuiBh, Ifi87-ie03, p. S13|. He biwl atiil 
I epcp of James VI on 16 Jan. lASO-l, tiiit 
bis * teal cuurscd him tu exceed hi* aulbonty,' 
I and h<* rv(urn«l in the following Ap' ' 
(TRonri;, CaJ. SmtlitA S/atrJ'iapert.u.lH 
677 ; (Ulon MS. Calig. D. ii. t 100). 
June l.M)8 bn was t^ct on a commi 
miBiiontol)enmftrk,(Sir| Christ ofber 
[q.v.}, who ba I already bran aaveral 
aa «nvoy to the llaniih canrt, boinc oalvctAd 
to Bccompnuy him < ('vffan JUS, Noro B. iv. 
fl*. 19ft, :JM, Jll). Tbeae mianiMu dil 
nothing to PMtore Zonobe'a prirale (oTtwiM, 
and in 1600 ho ratirrd for iLe saJw of coo- 
n^my to (lucmxrv, whcr* for a few moBtlu 
he vraa persuadetf to act aiidofiiitV40Tniior. 
lie mtumed to England in 1601, wbaa 
CbamberlaiB auiicipiiii^ bJK appointmeat aa 
ambafaador to Scotland. Tbe retort waa 
unfounded, but in Jiiit>* \(Hfi Zoacbe waa 
appointed president of Walca {Barl. MS. 
70^0. an. 26), nnd four montbs later Ckam- 
burlniu wrote, ' Lord Zai>clu> plays rw in 
Walea with both council ai»d jurtiofs and 
with the poor WeUlimuo ' {Cal. State 
Paprrt, Dom. 1601 -X pp. 45, WH, S4U). 

Znucha wa« ronliiiued in thi( oSee hf 
Jnnirs I, who fun her rratilieO bim br mak- 
ing him granla of land worth SOJ. a year in 
Itioi, and oiher» in lubsMOont yeai* (i6. 
iai3-10. pp. 137. 142. liI4, 220). After; 
•Saiisfaurf'a d«Ub iu 161:; be wa* one of 
cnmialMiODers to wlunn tbe trcaMu; wu 
entru»t»d {Cvurt tmf Time* ^ Jamtt t, i, 
173). IlcwaanowabletDindnigaiacoloBial 
venturen ; in 1609 ha wa» nembcr of tha 
council of liie VirKininCiitn|ianT, andialSl? 
he invested a buudred pound* id Lord lie k 
Warr'aexpdilion [see WKn.TllOMaH.l&TT- 
ldliS]. In 16inheaenlhisptnaac«,lbcSlt«r 
Falcon, to Virginia, and on S Nor. IQSOwaS 
appointed onit of tbe first memben of tba 
New Enf;lnnd council. 

Meanwhile, in iptli! of eomptaini* (hat hb 
troatmciil brought disRrace upon tho ofice 
hi; hcdd, Zouche remained priuideTil of Walet 
until 13 July Itilb, »b«a ba waa fpna ib* 
important and djffnifledoffieeof lonl waidan 
of the Cinque I'ona (Gibdiser, ii. 3^); 
bi« official corraapondraica in this capacity 
fill* no amall portion of ibo ' Doniesik Stata 
i'aptvtf.' HispoliticalimportaDCn WBcati^t, 
but what inflnenee ba poaaaaaed be tcaeu ta 
bare exerted in (bo anti-Spaniah intenESi, 



I 





Zouche 



4»7 



Zouche 




ukdbti wutbelatt of tbemuBcil to lake the 
cwth to olwerrc th* uttolea of thi- Spauiah 
Bumaga t'*'*? — *' tmlwd liu took tlia oftth 
M all T^, T, 69). He bvlJ ihu wurJeoship 
of tbeCinqusPorU until 17 Jul v 1(321, wlien 
tU-bMlth and Rnckioghnm't per»iin>-inn', ri>- 
iaforood bjr > ^nt of 1,000^ nnd a pcniion 
of 6O0L, induced him to rcniitii lliit oilicf, 
which WM Iwitoirnl on the dukf. 

Zouelie died in ll^, nnd was buriutl iii 
the Cmilyvftull Ju Ilai'kiiey. Thu fact tlut 
this vault oomtnunieait'il with Zoiiche's win»- 
cdl*r provobfid ftoat hit frtend Den JonMn 
the line* : 

fVliuvToi I die, obi hrra idbt I li« 

That «hiA I un d^. lo thu up I maj hi*, 
Aod w l«ck >g)uii 10 tnji amdi. 

JoMOBWU not Zoucbe'ioDlf MUrtuytnencl; 
hit couMn, Riehurd Zoucbe [q. t.], Micattsl 
to him hi* 'Dovo, or PHM([«t nf Oouno- 
gntphv.'in 1RI3: thefint part of WiltiAm 
Browae's ' Briiannin'i ['MtoraU,* publixhed 
ia IC13, woa also dvdicalpil to Iiim, bb was 
tiw English ftnd Fn^ucb dtctioiiury publtsbcd 
[d 1-'J93 by CUu<V> Tlolybaod. a Fn-uck 
tMcbor Mttln) in I^mlon, while Tbi;>u)a« 
Randolph's fathi-r iru Zouc-bo'* slownrd. 
The loui of bin putnmooy ii uiid to luvc 
Ven laitfplj due to hi» piunon for horti- 
cullun- lie cull irated a ' {ibyiiiir-f^rden * in 
HadnieTi and formed afrivudBLipnitk Jobii 
0««d(IM5-iei21[q,v.],tb*i!ii-rbalijH. The 
Mlabiatodbotitniat L Ob») ciiixirin tended ibis 
guAea, accompttniiKl /ouchn on bin nmbnaoT 
to Denmark, and dwiicatod lo bim the 1605 
cdiliouof his' AiumudversiourB' (i'CLTBKBT, 
Bitglith Bvt-i'iy. 1700. i. (K*; SiE Hpoh 
¥u\rx.G<tr4m./mm,Wa,vAV,). Man- 
ninj^ham drii'ribi'ii him sh * a Tery lenroed 
and wiie noblirnnn," nnd bis secreldry (Sir) 
Edward Nicholm [ij, v.] nronoiincwl bim '« 
sTBve and wUu couniellar.' Hi* portrait, 
Jroin an futon vinous i-nfrntTinK (cf. Broulbt, 
Cat. Ungr. Pnrlr. p. 4(.l3) is rrproduced in 
Bro-wn's ' OcnMis of ihe I'niti'd Slatwi.' 
Hill will WH" proved on 30 Sept. 1026 bv bia 
couniii. Sir I'jdwnrd Zoiicbe, 'a rojeterins 
court lur,' who hnd Iwrn mndi- knighl-roanibnl 
of the household in IBIS, mid n member ol 
the Mew Enf{Und council in 1600. 

Zouche married, flrit, about \^7^, hii 
OOWn EliMoor,daiighterof Sir Jolin Zouche 
of Condor, and, Mcondly, Snrah [d. 1U-J'J>, 
danahter of Sr JamM Ilarin^on of Exton 
by hilt wife Lucy, <lnui(ht<tr of Sir Wiilinra 
Sidney [see uudvrSinKRr, StallrsRi]; ibn 
bad alrea-ly \iKva twrico married, timl, to 
Francis, lord llulingH (I'ldcst ion of (Jnorgv 
Hastings, fourtb earl of Huntingdon), w 

TOL. IXlll. 



III!, 

rat,^ 

lam^H 

10«»^^V 



dit. I 



condly lo Sir William Kiii^mill. and afi«r 
Zouchi)'* death she nian-ie<] as lier fourth 
husband Sir Thomas Edmondes [^. r.] By 
n«ther wifn heii Zouche any male iwue, and 
hii baronin* fell into aboyanci* bnlwtuin the 
heir* of bin daitghtttni by his fimi wife : (1) 
Klcanur, who manied, in I6t^, tiir William 
Tate, father of Zouob Tale [nw under TiiB, 
Fb&XcibI and (3) Mary, who married, firat, 
Charles Le^hton, taa, Mcondly, William 
Connard. The abtvancK wan terminst«d i 
IBIS in fiivoiir of fjir ('ndl Diwhonip, wl 
bucami! twelfth baron Zouchf, and who** 
dnuffhtiT Harriet Anne Curaon (17^7-1870), 
thirteenrh baronets Zouche, waa mother of 
Robert CuKon, fourtee&lh baron Zouche 
[q.v.] 

SOU. Siat« Piipu». Oom. \6i\-\6ii. Amtr. 
I WmI Indiw, IS74-ia60; Cnl. Uaineld 
MSS.Tol>.ii.-Ti>.; Uari, M8». 806, 807, 1233, 
1411. lAiD. ceul ; Laiud. Has. 3A9. 209. and 
H6a; Adait. MSS. &TOS, ISieO-T. J2au4. aad 
13507: Vffrun aiSS. 2A41, tbO. and 3AS1; 
Hiat. MtiS. Comm. Gtli Rep. A{>ii- {><Jitivi ; 
Davy'i SuBbU CoUH'tioiia in Addit. MS. ISIAS, 
S. SZtt biq. : Utinlcr's Cboraa Vatum in Addlt. 
IAS. lt4SU. It. 69. la&i Ada of tha Prir 
CoanGil. ed- Dawnl. ISTA-I^SO; Haaaiughau 
Dinrr and CbamWluo'* Lettrn (Camden Soc.): 
Biri'li'* Mcnt. of Eliialwtb . Ctnn sod Timca of 
Jaujw T. piLhxini ; Qanliaflr'a IJiiiE- of Rnjfbknd; _ 

Alninndi^r Browo'aGeiieaiBof the Unitffd Stataa; ■ 
Ward'a Sir Henry Wotum. I8»8. pp. 31-3 aqq.; I 
Tluliiiiauii'i'llHi-linay.pp. 131-2, Grnatter'sfiioKr. ' 
HiBtii.fOi ItridgH'*N»rt1;uniptDn'hrri<. il.320; 
Borke'a and Q. E. CrokajDej'a Complet* Fear- 
affoi.] A. F. P. 

ZOUCHE. RICIIAKD (1.^90-1661), d- 
vilinn, son of Krancia Zouche, lord of the 
manor of Anaty, Wiltahin.-, and soineltme 
JJ.I'., who was aon of Sir John Zouche, a 
youngiT sou of John, eighth b&ron Zoiicba 
«f narriugworch.wasb'irnnl Ansly inlAOO. 
His ciiother is said to harn hem I'hilippa, 
siith daughter of Oeorge Ludlow of iiill 
DeTMol, Wiitahtra. He was dreti-d acholar 
of Wlnchetlur in 1801, scholar of New Col- 
lc([u. Uxfoid, in 1607, ft-llow in 1600. He 
graduated as B.C.L. in l')M, nnd RC-I.. in 
lUli), having been admitted in 1017 an 
advocate of Doctors' Commons. In IQSOho 
succeeded John Ruddnn [ii.t.J (who had been 
first the deputy and then thu aucoessor of 
Albnrico (Jnnlifi ['i-v.]l as rogiua profeasor of 
civil law nt Oxfoirl. It was apparentW in 
1 6l'L' that lie married Sarah, daughter of Johtt 
Harte of the family of that name, settled at 
Brill iu Onfordshiro, n pmclor in Dortow' 
Cotniuotis, and, hnvinfi thiia vncatod hi* 
fellowship, onterod himself in 16^^ as a 
follow commaneT at Wadbam Colle^, and 
continued to occupy that position till in 1636 

a s 




i 




■ 



lu«aaKppoi]it«dpriiieii«lafSl. AlbanBalt. ' cnMd, uid Zoucbe tome jwrt laMr 
In llSl and 1824, tbrou^ tlia influence tat book to MamA tlw jnd^ent in w 
hi* oootui Edward, eleTWlh btron Zoncbo 



.1 —^ 



[q. T.], ba li«d b«Mi deoiad M.f. for Hytlkc. 
IlMcafiHth Zoaeb* mmu to havg di Tided 
bia BiMoUoii iMtwMii ha acaBoiBickl «&• 
gancocfita and liit practice in London. He 
took a laadtng part in the Laudian wdiBca- 
tion of the (UUKm of the uiUverailj' (16^- 
1088). He acted for m»ay jean m * as- 
•ewor' of the Tic«-cbaaMlkra cmrt, and in 
1633 bocano chaiiicallor of the diocMo. At 
tli« MUM time he waa mailing for hioueir 
•uch a poaition al Docrion' ComiBOBt ai re- 
«uli«l tn hii appoint meat, im tUe death of 
Sir ITenry Marum in 1611, to be jadg» of 
the high court of adnualty. In the oivit 
war the HfrnpntluM of Toacho wen on thn 
aide of the kinc. HLi drparturo for Oxford 
in I&lJIrwitlMalpaTincntof aparttameciBrj 
auMiment, wa« followed bv iliv Ii<t}- uf a 
diiueu upon the feniiture' iu Ixis Londou 
chainber). In 1M6 hs wm one of ihoae 
who nagotiatea), on babalf of tlia mfBli«t 
fovoM in Oxford, ibn artieloi for the wat' 
render of the ciijtoKnitfu, Bgncd23Juoc, 
under which he and the other maliifuant-i 
there were pcriuilted within tis months tu 
compound for their estatea, without takiiig 
the oOTtmattt, aod to go to London for that 
Hirposr. lie petitioned acoonIinglv,aiid in 
Notember or the *aiiie year waa allowed 10 
compound for intcroet* in land at, Tlarvill, 
near Uxbndfce. at Aiott in Oifordiihird, 
MulioKnisfainderSireot uid Uoccon'Com- 
mons in the city of I»ii<Jvii, ui one tenth of 
tbtir valae.Tii. 333^ In im7 he waa hue/ 
IM drafUng, toeetbee with Dr. Robert San- 
denoQ [q, T.X the 'Itmiannii' of the noi- 
ToraitjM Oxford for dimKrcF'iaa with the 
•olemn leaifue and eoTcnBni and the nrKativc 
oalh ; but u the following year hu twroito 
bare in eome sort Mbnltted to the parlU* 
moBtATj visiton for tbe reformation of the 
uoivRmtr (though hit name does not occur 
in their regiater), to aa not onljr to have 
retained hie acattemical praformenta a* long 
aa ba Ured. hut alao to have induced tha 
vintort to reet'iru bin sou Kichurd \n u dt-my- 
abipofwhit-li tli^y lia<ldi<prii«dhim. Zoudie 
waa, bowcviT, not allowed to rvlajn the 
judoMfaip of tlin admiralty, which wne in 
164B cunfurreil upon i>r. Exion, but waa 
eoffldenlly in favour with Cromwell to be 
placed by bim upun tb« special cummiulon 
of OTW and (".Tiuiuer, ccnsiHtiiu; of thnw 
judge*,tbrH)E<iTiliansand three Myaien,for 
the trial of Don l>antai«on«> .Sa, the brother 
of thr Purlu{;ru<^*B nmbaiwadnr, for murder 
commiltnl in a brawl at the Kioliangn. S« 
waa coDdemned on 4 July 1BG4, and ox«- 




tbo 

mm 

rav»^ 



had talEBB part. In opfioaitioo to the now 
aceepted new, bo hold* that th* diploaiatic 
pri(-iW« allowed to an ambaatador docs not 
extend to a nembcc of his mite. 

Zoacbe aeetne to bate paaeed the reuaindK 
of the com nionweiUlh lime chiefly at Oxford, 
and to hare been tooJted npon wilU aoma 
(MpicMO bv both political partiea. On t' 
one hand, be waa dcCialod in 16■^7 for t. 
keepetibip of the archive* by Dr. J 
\\»1U* (liJltf-1703) fq. T.l. who bad goi 
abonl Mying of him 'that lie waa a mal^ 
naat aM talked agsioat Oliver.' Ob the 
other hand, a* having submitted to the 
viaiton of 1648, ho wax an imaoenitahle 
member of the now coamianon whicli wm 
apnt down in 1000 to undo th* work of its 

!>redeoe«aan, by rtatoring the deprived pro^H 
caaoia and felfciw* to their fomer paHtiaiia^| 
No *lI««itIon waa, however, paid to cob-^ 
plunts m thi* aooi*. and Zouehe and hii 
coUeaguca eomfleted in ton wweka the work 
which liad boon ontmntiNl to them. On 
4 t'eb. I(i61 Zonebe wu rrploced in the 
judgealup of the adminilty, bat enjoyed tbi 

CI for lets than a month. He died at hi 
lae in Doctors* Coumona OB IManhllJtt] 
and was Imried at Fulbam, near the m 
of hi* daiigbt«r, Catherine fOwcU. Ssrsb 
Z«ucliakiBg*iuTiv«d bcr hiHhand.ond dving 
in 16^, at the lodnng* of hnr ■on-io-I*w,^H 
the provoat of Oicl, wtu buriod un<l'-r ^H 
memorial tablet in tbe cbvtch of St. l^ct«r^^' 
in the Eont at Oxford. 

Richard and Sarah Zoocbe had lix chil- 
dren— two aona and foor danghlee* of 
whom Anna married RobMt Say, proeoat 
of Oriel, and, dying in 1*97, wa* b(»nfi~-*' 
by a tnonument at Ku .Mat7'*; and Sai 
married Dr. Lydall, warden of Morton, and^i 
driof in ITIS, wat Uuied with au inacri 
tiou tn the college chapeL She alooi) of 
Zouche'e childrw left iaan«. Ono of 
dnuffhicr*, France* I.^dall, married Dr. 'V!. 
Walliar, fellow of (>r»'l, whoae dascMidant, 
tlio Kcv. K. Xouehc Walker, lata follow ef 
Magdalen College, t« the owner of a baaatifol 
portrait of Zouche by Coroelina Jainen, re*^K 

Sre^HutiuK him aa a man of aboBt thJtty^H 
ve.in ruffand doublet, with refined featiae*^' 
and pointed beard. An eichingof this pietuM 
ii preGxod to the reprint of 'The Dow.' 

Zoucbu made a very farourahle impfewioo 
u|>an biicanicmporario*. Biihop SanderMm 
suid luafrii^nii: 'Tbt^Ieonwdcinlian, Doctor 
Zouche (who laU^ly diml), had writ "Cle- 
meuta Juri*prud<-utia<,"whicfawaaabookhe 
could also aay without book; and ibal no 
wiw man could read it too ofteOi orcom* 



A 



r 



Zouche 



4'9 



Zouche 



mend it tno much.' Anthony \Vn,->i tayn 

that Zoucho WM ' an osocrt Brtiit. a aubtUu 

loncUa, expert btttotun. and for thu know- 

' t«d^ in, and jmeiica of, the civil Uw, ilie 

I chief penoo 01 his time; aa hU works, mucli 

I t awm ed hoyond llie »«a« (wbera H>vi>ral nf 

, ibem are wpriniM), partly ipwify. 11" wm 

■o widt vora'i] alu in tlu ttntulca i>f t!ii? 

univnntit}', and caattmoraia between tha 

iDcmbrntWrofandtke city, that none after 

Twyne'a death wnnt boyoiid him. Aa hia 

' birth wo* noble, ao was ht« bohaviiur and 

' dttcounx^ and as potaonable and hsDdMnne, 

ao natiinillj awMt, pUiuing, and RlTabln. 

'[%!< iruitt i( tkepawaa nothing wanting but 

a fron-ard :ipint for his ndcatic^roenl: but 

the intprrupiiun of (lit? tini«i> which ctlmie'd 

hi* profi.'!>sii>n. would hate fi*an a atop to 

iii» riw had he bmiD of another dispmilioii.' 

, Zoncho was, in faci, a gnoA upAcimi^n of thn 

> aort of ci«il lawyrr wlin niu tir^idiicnd nl 

Oicfoml, whilo tho thorough drill of tho old 

aj^cm of Uga] training, aa rcvire>d bv thu 

I iniHitai; given to it by the Italian nfxtgiio, 

AlwriCD Oeatili, siill laslml on, ^ucfae 

UBd bis jnoior caut«Q>pomry, Arthur Duck 

■K T.], lioth papila of Bilil(ir\n. thn succeunr 

fSf Offntili in tna rajrina nmfrviuinihip. oro 
tha hut of tha old nee of t)xr<irii riviliani 

' whoau writoiga alill unjoy o Kurupnm repu- 
tation. 

The literary actirity of Zouoh«, taking 
into account hiii Inhoiir* in other directions, 
wa* an iilqiri>iii2 in lunnunt na it wia varied 
in RhanuitRr. Ilia I1nt,nnd lomawhnt juvo- 
nile, publiuatinn (No. 1 in the liit which 
followM) was a puem, dncriptim uf Uurups, 
Aaia. and Africa, an^r tht- mannt-r of the 
' Pniegeaia' of Dionjisiiis. In a eiiphuislic 

' pMhoatbaanlborap^logiae* for hia poetical 
Tontiiro, liaTioff known aoma ■ whnia ctvdit 
hath cbaUnntcvd rcijiwt, nxccL-dinff titnaa in 
pnyudicv oipiinBi tbo cc)m]ia»iiit( nod ruadinK 

I snen trittea." In maturer ■vuara Zoucln> at- 
Umpted a play (No. 0), If it be ri);htly 
aacnb'^tl to iiim, inteod-'d to bn pvrrormeil 
bi>fon> an acadnmicnl andienei>, lilted iiidvnil 

I tor IM other, hiim tha dramaiu urrnoniw nro 

I snehbloodlewabatraetianaaa' Fallacy.'' I'ro- 
poMtion,' and ' Amhiguity.* Quitp lat.f in 
lif« h« produ^i^ a litllu buok of lojiiunl. rhe- 
torical, and eihicAl oiaxiuiii (No. 14). Muel 
of Zourhn'* writings were, boweittr, of a 

CbaiiflnDlehnrnct'-r. (JfthceBanvBral were 
idbookafar diaputaiiona at ihn nnivonily 
fNw. II, 1'2, til), and two woro of a poln- 
micral I'aiil (Xua. 13, 10), Itut hii mostini- 
portaut achievement was the niappiiij; out 
of the whal«fieldof law,audthe subaequijiit 
cjainination IB detail of its Tarious dvpart- 
tBeaia. llio 'Klementa JurixpnideDtin' 



L 



(No. 2), atthnngh in terminology wholly, 
and in lubitaaco maintv, a Kttiii^ forth of 
Human law, i« inlvndp^ to aupplr a geo«- 
rally applicable achemu uf I fgaf ■c-iencn, dis- 
tributed uud«r the two main hcadaof ' Jiia' 
am) ■Judicium '(or 'Riahla'and'Reineijim'). 
In acconlancji with tho methnd which ha 
lud thus prRsirribad to bim«iir, i^ouche aftei^ 
wards dvalt, in a iL-rim uf monograph*, with 
Iheaeverat topicauf ' feudal.' ' sacrt<d,''iaaTi- 
time,' ' uiilit4kry,' and 'fcvial' law (No*. 3,4, 
A, 7, ^ 9, 10). Ilia was easeoliaUy a logical 
mind, and ilw scheme is consistaatly and 
pi-nintiiilly cnrrii-d out. The treatise on 
Jui ftviale i> dciwrring of oapocinl mention 
as llic firwt work which eihibila iho law of 
nationa aa a wuU-orden-il aystetn, in which 
the • Jus belli' U relented 10 B dulr nub- 
ordinstepoaition ('lataladasnaleLelirbucb 
d>-f Ki-]ininnit«n'\'iflk«rrMhtaan<iisi>ben,'Vou 
Omplnijn. /.iV/TarurJu FHaamcAIJi.Vfi; 
• Ua« ersii! ci^eiitlichc' Lchrbuch do* Viil- 
kerrechla.' von Kaltviiboro, AVidX det J'S/- 
lurrnAtt, It^i). Il must also be rvoiirm- 
bared that it wsa the 8>MV>iid liLlo of thja 
work, Jut intrr girnU; which «iif{g«sl«d to 
llcnthnni thn bapjiily coini^ phrase ' inlOT- 
Hatioiiul law.' 

'rhu following in a lini of tho work* written 
by or attrihuled to Koucbe: 1. 'Thu J>ov?, 
or Paaaageaof Oasmograpby,'Loiidoii, 1013, 
Sto, dediCAt«d to V.iwuA lord Zouche br 
his biniiniin, thn nuthcir; raprinted, with 
note* and a memoir of thu author, by his 
d«cundanl, Kichard \\'ttlker, B.D., IS.W, 
8%'o. :;. ' Klunieula JuriBprudwitia*, dcfini- 
lionibuH. regulia ol aenl^ntiis tulwliotibua 
Jurl« CiviliA illuairala,' Oxford, 1639, 8vo ; 
Leyilen, l*Ui8. ISmo, li^athnr with Nos. 4and 
!i; Oxford, leSO, 4lo, together with Nos. 7, 
a, and 9; l.i>ydcn and Amatvrdatn, Ift/JS, 
U'rao: and The Hu((uo, IfH-'S. !S, ' Dtaicriplio 
Juri» i-t Judieii fBudaliii, »*ciuidum coiuuc- 
(udinwi Mediolaui et NormaiuuK, pro intro- 
duciiuiie a<] Jurisprudent iam Anglicauam.' 
Oiford. 1(W4, li!mo. 4. ' Di^acriptioJuriaet 
Judicii irmporalis, snenndum coosaetudiOM 
fnudali4 et Normannicaa,' with No*. 2 and 
6, 0»ford. 1638, IIol 6. ' Deacriplio Jnria 
ct Judit'ii eccleaiualici. Heuuuduin canoom 
et cuuBlitulicnui An^licanaH,' lugether with 
Noa. 2 and 4, Oxford, Ifinii, -Ito. Nos. 4 
and 6 wore reprinted with R. Mocket'a 
'Trsclatua dn politin cecli»in AnsliciUKVi' 
London, 16S3, gvo. 6. 'Thu Sophiatar, a 
comody,' London, 1039, 4t<i, anon., but 
ascribed by an old manuactipt note in tha 
Bodleiiiu copy lo Zoucha; ao also by moat 
auiLoritie* ou the drama, tbon^ not by 
Lnn^bniae. 7. ' DMcriptio Jiiria «t Judicii 
•acri, od niiani l«get qaio niligioiiRm ct piam 

K X 3 



Zouche 



410 



Zouche 



CBiiwiw TMpiciuut referuutur,' with Noe. 3, 
S and 9, O.tfurJ, 11X0, 4to, and [^v<l«n nnd 
AmsMribm, IfiW; 13m». 8. ' llcucriptia 
Juris H Judlcii icililarin, hi qunm Ii^gct 
qiua mm miliUNm et ordinem penonanim 
nwpidunt rdWuntur,' with No«. '2, 8, tod 9, 
Oxford. I6IU, 4to,an<t LtM'd«u &111I AiiiM«r- 
dun, IM'.'. 12[iiu. (Part li. of lliU work \» 
(Hi iiobililj.) 9. 'Descripiio Jari»«t Jadicii 
iiiiiniimi,aaquiunquiBniivif{Uioiiwin(itiiogo- 
tiaiifinnm amritimam mpbiimt refcmntur,' 
with No., 'i, S, rind », Oxford, Itf-lO, Ito, 
nod Ixij-dua and AiniitvrdBuij Itiu^, liimo. 
10. ' Juris el Jtidicii fecialU, mra Jaria inwr 
cenlua, et qumtioaum d«i oodem nrplicAtio,* 
effort!, IttSO, 4tOi UfdaB, W>1 ; Th« 
I[a^iu<,16SO,lSmo; Uajraec, I6B1 ; tran*- 
Int.'d by (iottfriwl ^'offel m Allffpnieioc* 
Viilkfrn.'clil, wis aucli all(f«iiieiiu» L'rlhBil 
iiiid Ansuriidie aller Vulki-r, Fmikf. 1600, 
]2iuu. II. 'CuMMid Qii««iions resolved in 
the CiTil Un,' Oxfont. iafi2, 19niO (in- 
tended lat^r ' to bn piib1iiili«d in tha prapor 
InnKuaffo of tbo dril Uw for tbo iiae of 
Rtu jrnts in ihi^ir )irar«wioii.' I'art i. relate* 
to riHiilii. ^art ii. to jtrocedun). 12. ' Speol- 
QriKjuii'iiiijiiiiin Jiirin CIvilis, Ozbrd, 16S3, 
auuu., bill certftinljT bv i^uclM ; Mtt No. 10. 
13. *Solirioi]iiK«tionuv«t«ri<eCnovB>,«iv« 
<\n 1^-^ti dolinqucatii jitdieo compotonto 
ditwrtatio,' Oxford, IIWi, l2moi Uii\ogric, 
IIKI2, rimo; cum nntU lli.'un«lci, Ilurlin, 
ICOS, IL'ioo; tnuisliitud by J. J. Lelima-iui it« 
' bliiii-i vuniitlimuu eu^lisubuu Jurecunsulli 
Gi-dutikeii vuiL deui Trakleiui^iit viiiea Miuis- 
len/Jeuu, 1717,811; «]»ci lij 1), J,,^«n1,,«« 
' A di»t«TtAtioii cononmiiig tin- piiniiibaipnt 
of aiabSMadon, wllh thtt adJii.ion of a pro- 
far.o coneiTnioK tlip occosion of writinn thin 
ttenti;!!.-," I^cmdoo, 1717, 8vo (published with 
rufrrenci' tu ibe nlTuir of ths SniKliah am< 
btunndur, Ojlleuhtir);), 14. ' Eruditiouis iu- 

Bmttt spM:ini«n, »citicet Artium Logic»', 
ialectiCK ft- Ithcti>rica?, necnon montlix 
PhiloMpbifD, Al.T. Oineronin dirlinitiombaii, 
pnvcoptw ot Miitrnliin illuitrntm,' C)xford, 
1657, iSmo, anon., but dated fromSl. Albon'i 
Hall, and attributed tu Zout^lie by an uld 
muoiMcript nota t»i the Bodleian cupj'. 
1&. ' QujeatioQiim Juris Civjlis c-enturia, m 
decern ela^^^a dit'tribtiin,' Oxfonl, IQ6O1 
Iiondon, ^PiH2, l^mo. In ihp prrfnc?, dnt(id 
16A0, i^iicbn olludiui to kin publication of 
thn 'Spocimm' six yr-an jjteviomlr. He 
dndicato* tb«e ■ ticiipctutiii mulimma' to 
tliti ' j uriKpruiIrnl is atudiosb, jirieaertiiu B. 
Wici^hHTDi aliimuiy hafin^ liinist'lf been 
' liutnanioribus lit«ria et juris studin iiiMi- 
lutiix' in (ho ttra Wiccamicnl roib'ges. 
IC. 'Thn Jurisdiction of the Admirnlty of 
KnglaudoARCTtcd t^iaioiit Sir Edward Coke'* 



31 




" Articuli Adeiiir«litatis'*inchap.sxii. of hia 
" JuriwliLtion of Couru,"' London, 16it3,6vo. 
(In a ptefaot^ dated fmn I>octar»' CoonniDni, 
I>r. Boldvyn ai(Ml« that tbia tieatiM wu 
dtdinred into hit faanib by tht- author him- 
(olf t« b« printed); r0printed iii Ibe editioo 
of the ' Contuacudft *^ lax memtori* ' of 
Gerard Malynca [n-v.X pabliahed in London, 

With a view to bU euididatun) for ifao 
l[eoper»hip of tlu> ucbive* Zouebe mmpiled 
in innriUM: ripl ' Privilrgee of (Im University 
of Oxford, collected into a body.' A tran- 
•ctipt of ibi* maavucript ia proMrred at 81. 
Jolm'a CoUc^te. 

(Biioka'a Dormmt and Extinct Borviuic* ; 
tliehoU's ttist. of Lcicnticnhir* i Iloara'a Uiit. 
of Wiluliirr.; Kirbyi WiiirbMter SdMlftn; 
Gatdiner't Wadliuo OaUcK^ : Wood'e Albeim, 
hi* CoIUm and Hall* ai^ hi* Life, by Clark ; 
[Coota'*} Gngliib Ciiiliaa*; L« N'ovV* Uoaa 
nuDiAi BurtqwR* Visitation Of IMS; U 
R^vkliai Composttioa Paun in tbe Btoa: 
Offlw ; the ItMist««s of Kenv CoUtc*. of t 
Dioecvi of Oxford, and of the Qifb Oowt 
Admindtjr; and private lafcfmaliei^ 

ZOnCHE orZOUCH, WILLIAM 1.* 
OB LK {d. lS!i'2), nrchbUbop of York, arrmt 
ttom hit clow cucDnetioni with Northamp- 
lousbire to huvu belonRod to tbe Uanin2- 
worth branch of the Zouche CiBily, and be 
is j^vnerally said to have been a younjier eon 
of Williaui la Zouche, Knl Baron Zouche 
Omaf-lSlia) of Ilarringwocth (Raikb, 
Ftuti E/toraerntf, p, 4^) ; 1m allude* to hi* 
mmnti ui alive in 1349. IIn ({radnated 
M.A. and U.O.L. at tozoa univnraity ((^L 
I'ltpal Letten, iu &:!0). At tbo baginning of 
Edward Ill's rein be appeora oc one of tbe 
ktiiB'A ckrka or cbapUine ( Fadera, iiL 310). 
Perliape he was the WilLiam la Zouche who, 
wiihothM dark*, was accused before Jaa DOIT 
I52S of brcnlnng into tha bo<iise wuil staaf- 
inji the aheopof thopeiorof Cbarl«y,t>ueaa- 
tenbire (Gil Aif. hfO*. 1^-30; p. 376). 
On 14 May 1339 he received protection on 

fnini; abroad with the king {it. p. 390). On 
6 .Sept. 1 $90 he wag appointed clerk and 
pQi-Toyor of the great wardrobe (A. 139IM, 
p. S). ' A little lat*r ha is called kmpor of ths 
wardrobe (ib. p. 5.'!). Ilia laceMwnr in tbat 
office wua uppointed on 15 July IXU (it. 
p. cud). In 1335 he was keeper of the 
privy BFsl ( Cai. Pajial Letters, ii. £24). On 
^4 March ISij? hu was appointed treoaarer 
of the pxehsqiinr duriiitt pr<«sur« (ifr. 1334- 
1.%'IR, p. lOO), nod on ^1 .\ug. of tha Mnw 
Vi'nr wn» joined with William U Zoocbc ot 
HnrriB(rwonh, po*»ibly liii fiitbcr, to ley^ 
before the abirot of Northampton and Hub 




Zouche 



4*1 



Zouche 



IIR deciiion af kins and council Bit 
kdofencMi of tlie realin (i3. p. SOS). On 
fa^ 1338 bo iHa lucceedM by B«bett 

Voddiouw re. v.] as tr«uurer of the «x- 

ebequer (0. ISSS-IO, p. 19fi), but mi in n»<?. 
bewu appointee! tr^iwurpr of Knglnnd (ift. 
p. 196). In July 1339 ho wm a-nt hf>yond 
Trent to bear now* to tti« north of tho 
duupn botetlinft the niilm, und then or a 
littM Inter bo wu tuinmutiFd 10 follow Ihe 
kinft to Brobsnl, BO that ho hnd to discliarKe 
Ibe ullici^ i)f trea«an<T bv deptit; {H. pp. ^1 , 
ifff). On 19 Jan. 1:140 be wns bnclc in 
&itrltnd And a commiMk-ncr for opening 
parlumnnt (A. f. iHT). In .'Vpril, however. 
* dwutjr trcuarcr wnu afpiin uppointci), ana 
OD Sitaj 1910 bo was drfinili-ly reliured of 
Ilia office. 

EcclMtastica] preferinent* haA be«n pour- 
ing thicblT on Willinm. On B Jftn. 1.^28 
hd mu prnnnled by tbn king to thn mttrtty 
of Titcnmnnh, ncnr TlirQ|>»tnn, Northnmp- 
toiwbire (Cat. Pal. it'AU. WZ1-S% p. SJ3) 
and ay Aug. in ihi- Bami- yuur alao noeivM 
from thv crown thf living; of CbtiBterton, 
near Warwick (ift. p. 31SJ. Heffiw this ho 
was also roctor of Clipskntn, lliitlnnd(rfi/. 
Papnl Lfttm, ii. 278). On 1 July 13S8 
Jolin -\XII, nt the kinK'"i^"<'"^i itjipiiintod 
bim by pmvislon to a cnnonry nl Kxuter on 
condition of his n.-oit-niBK ClimLnm (i*. 
U. 276). lu Exi-tBr lie was also collated 
to ibe arcbdfiacoDrTnfllarnsiaploonlODec. 
13Sn(L»Ni:vr, raji^i'^-w/. .<n^i.ed.Hiifdy, 
i. 406), which liP m»igiii!d hofoifn 17 n«. 
1330. Brtnrcn IS July 1330 and 10 JunA 
1831 howtti nrtlidencim of Kxutur (i». i. 3JK). 
Befinv I3S3 ho waa alao rot-tor of Vnxtoy, 
Hunlingdoti8biro(Cn/,/^ii'n/Xrff?r»,ii,SrO). 
In that ffar Ron«'liet XII, at tlii- liiug'* 
raqUMt, f^ro him a pnnnnry of .Sriiithwell 
by provUlon, rnnnwcd on 3! Mnv l.^'W (ih. 
pp. 376, 5i'0). On 30 Nov. of the Kimi^ ri-ar 
Benediijt provided him to tlic pn^bcnii of 
Lausbton on le Murlhen in York Oalhwlrul. 
On \i Nov. 133Q ho waa ailmitlod iJoan uf 
York (Lb Xbvb, iii. lil). On April 1340 
bfl wat cnllati^ i« tho pn>b(>nd tif T'fton in 
WbOold C'alhcdral (>A. i. e33). Ho alao 
beld a cnnonry at Itipon [Val. Papal PefU 

On 3 Hay 1340, tba dur ou which ho ro- 
dgned tbe treiasnry, Zouclio was olocivd by 
twttlvevot«w In five archbishop of York in 
•ncCHMon lo William dr' Mnlton [q, v.] His 
riral. Wiliiam d" Kildesby, wna a royal 
ehapUln, and wa* now kinjc* niN^rotnry and 
Imeper uf thu privy aunl. Edward wiiibcd 
(i>r KildMby'a Aoctiun, though cci'losiuBtioat 
opinion was unfavotirnblH to bim (Cat. Pat. 
Soil*, 13.TS-40, pp. i(a, 519). A fierce con- 




Ipsi broko out bctwm-n the two cotnpnlitors. 
Zinichu got bimadf initalled on thu dav of 
elpctiun, and both partiaa nj^aled to Ari- 

Kon. Kflbrta wore mudeto pravanlZoucha. 
m going to the popo lo ur^ his claima uM 
person, but. on ISAug. Renodict XII orderfldi 
tho archbishop of C'aiil/>rbnry to pxconima- 
nicnto all who Kouolit to dittnin him in Kng- 
lund (Co/. J^pat Uttar; ii. 649). At laat 
Zuuchu Btarlud. Ho •eomn to hHTctravolJrd 
to AviguuQ by way of tho Low Couiitrivs 
ftnd Ger tnany, avoiuing Freuoh f*m(ory he- 
cnote of (be war. Ho got «afolya« Tar an 
Oen«va,aiid bad just crossed thi' brid^orerj 
tho Arvc btiyond the town, when ho wa» sotl 
uDon hy a hand of brigands licadod by tbn» 1 
^ audou knigbtd and iwu citizoni) of Uuoevm.^ 
He and bis followers wort? overpon 
tbdr posseulona ware seixod, and ih#y 1 
scItm were dragged to a Innplv place in tli«l 
dioCRSO of Lausanne, north of llic lakn of] 
OunrvB. ThcTWcrn kept ineonlhienicnt for 
Himif time. At laat they wtn- rvlnwd on 
payniL-nl of two bundrsd florina rauwiin and 
on lakinK an oath nul to rovos! tho uainoa 
of Ibe brigands. It seems lo haiu been 
another organised attempt to prevent Zoiicli 
gaiting to .\vignon to lay hiii claims bnforo 
the pope (i». ii. M7. r>:9, cf. p. 519t. llow- 
PTisr, Bunodict dbowcd vijjour in tloreiiding 
Zouche against tho maraudi>rs. Un 'J'l Nov, 
he releaaed him from his iuvuluntsry natb, 
and ordored Iho bishop of Oeneva to st»>k one j 
and punish the otfondiira. Karlr in March 
1341 tho brigand* wore compcflpcl by «%• 
communication to submit and DndorgD a 
liumiliaiing pontfice nt tbn smno of tbeir 
eriuo (>A. v. GuO). 

A long delay ouHued after Zouche's arrival 
at the curia. Kdward III «Tot« urynntly 
in March 1341 urging Kildcchy's claima 
(fWirrt, ii. 11IH). IWnpdicI XII hcntatnd 
todwridcbctwwn thu nominwof thcchnplur 
and tho I'avourile of Iho king, and krjjt tho 
rival claimant! wailing in (Uipouso at Avi- 
^lou (MfRiittrTB, p. liJl). He died on 
2a April 1342, nearly two year* aftei tli« , 
election, litnvingovprt'thin^undMidod. TlLtJ 
tinvi pnpc, Clomnnt Vt, irai olocted on 
7 .May, and crowtiod on 19 M«v. Zoucho 
now prudvnlly n^siigiu-d nil right byiitocliua, 
though Kildimby v/at Ips^^coniplacout. How- 
ovoc, the cardinal of Saula Prises pronounced 
hts election invalid, whereupon on 2ti June 
Clement appointed Zouche arphhinhop by 
papal provision (Cai. Papal Lrttirs, iii. R3 ; 
AlDKIiIirTH.p. 124, whoMi datoi hure ore un- 
usually [>iact). t)n 7 July ho wai conse- 
cratwl bi*hop by CIt'moiil VI at Avignon 
I (T. Stubbs in KatNE, Jlutarions of Chnfth 
"f York, ii. 117 i cf., however, CW. Papal 



Zouche 



432 



Zouche 



Z*Utr», ili. 8A, wbick suggmU (UuMlin, 
caniinnl-bi*bop of Albuio, &* the coaae- 
cmtor). lUvinR taknn the okiIi of ftaXif 
to tlut pojw, he WM Tifnnilte"! nu la July to 
wfvtbe (MtUiuiu. In c'iiiBiiii.Tatioii of the 

Ct e>p«ne«s inciirtvd by kiin wbili? wait' 
be wu iillo««d to iKud bia prebend nf 
Lau^bton for a yrar ftfler his coiwvcration 
(ib. iii. 63). Ht politioiiod lawr for lic«nM 
to bold bc^icficM irortb 100/. to help defray 
tile Mine espenMt {Oat. Ft^at FHitwn*, 
i. &3l. 

Oa 8 S«pt. Zouehe received Enwu Ed ws rd TTI 
leUttn of *ar*-condact to return hi>Ri«,and on 
10 S»pt. hU (ciDporaliiiM wer» miotvd. llo 
wail ciitbrvci'd ■( York on ^ Otx. The oiie*- 
tionof thocucccHion to tbu deanery of York 
■nvotT«d ZoudM in aooM diOicnltJes boUt 
with th« pope and Edwan) III. Clemeni 
nifectod Tbomaa SamMon, whom the caauw 
had choMti to aiMcaM Zouch« in thnt offiet^ 
and on 18 March i:i43 appoin<<'d TallcyriLnd 
de i'iri|c«rd,cardinii] of St. I'eirt odVincula, 
and aftFrwordii hishup of Alb«no, by papal 

Sittvisiou, vcbilu i%dwardIIInoininaM Julin 
« rfford [a. v.^ whooi the pope got rid of 
by laakin^ oeaB of Lincoln. HomTer, Ed* 
ward poniM«d in upholding bi« right, and in 
1317 acpainlcd tliilip do W(i*ton hi* chap- 
lain, wnom Zouche onierMl the chapter to 
admit on SO Aug. (Lb Ne^s, iiu ViS). The 
papa still oMKiited in prtaiiiiji (be cuums of 
Catdbal TaUeyTBod, and on ;iO Jun« 184S 
exeommunicaled and depotml Weuton VOat. 
Fap<tt I^Utr»,'\\\.i:M). As Zouche and tba 
cuioaa hod upheld bira.ihey wenionlflJona 
anmrnoiMd to appMriritliin ihren ninnth* at 
Avignon. Zoitcha not aj>pi!aring wm pro- 
BOiraced ucumniumcatL-. Tallrynind re- 
nuiaed deaa until his death. (Ju '20 April 
1362 the formal ejiooiamuBtoatiou of Kuuch 
waa »unwnd«d with TaUeyraud'b couHent 
(A. iii. 434J. 

Zouche rtaidodalmontviitlnily in the north, 
and btuied himaelf with tb« afliiini of hix 
dioceie. Bdnv generally on cordial tcmu 
with Edward, he waa aliio abU- to givo tliu 
kiii^' conblAUl help In bii dealiofpi irith the 
SmiIs. EhHv in l.)16 lie •*«* appiiiuled 
ward<ii (if llid ScoTliidi nifir<'b, in which 
capRcity bo took a prominrnt pnrt in rx- 
pelliug iho Scois iovaniona. On 2 July !in 
wai wut to ihf marcbi^B, nnd on I'D Aug. 
be waa made, with Henry Percy and lUtpii 
Navillo, commi«ioDer of amy for the 
noTtbcm army. Wh«n King David croMod 
the twrdcr in Uetnbor, iht«e throo muct«nid 
au unny to witliatand him. They adratcod 
, fr>)<n I(it:Ii!i3oud to Auckland, when they 
~ the night uf Itt Oct., the archbishop 
QBunanding one of the ihrei: diviaiona 



into which th« boct waa divided. 
17 Oct. the arebbiabop took a prontine 

B.rt in tbe victory of NoTille'a Cra«Bi i 
□rbani. Bidbrw tbe fight he Uened 
whole amiy. Hit BCiion iu the war 
warmly praued bv the king, and tbe I 
cinrcy, who li*d latgaly followed bji 
battUfTcgnrdadbiiUBsaheio. Thnyl 
that an archhiahop could do no mora ohr 
woitk than protect hi* flock from the 1 
invad«n (L-vxebtost. pp. SI7-t<). 

Duriug lliv 'black doth' in 1340 
showed great activity In onosecratii 
camcteriea and ordenng prayrra 
OMuona to amt tba divtne wrath ( Itii 
fiflAe Oktirek of r»>rk, iii. 2e&-71}. 
obtained from Avignon pcrauatton to orda 
clcTf^ at othor than tbe eanooicHl naaoni, 
aud large iudulgencw to admit ille 
children and penonii uuder ibe c 
agotoorden,tbat thed(&nhofprie«ta< 
^ th«i ravane of tbo pOTtiU'im might 
averted {Oil. I\g»al LrtUrt, ili. ittSS; 
l^pal Petitionf, i. 178). 

For many jeam Zouche iulTered 
aerioua di»va«-. Uo ifi June ISlfl he i 
up hit will at Ripou. Uis main anxiety i 
making it was to aecure tbe eroctioa 
chantry chapot and bariBl-f l*oa for his 
to be nma by two diapUina in tbe r' 
draL In the will he act aside tluve hu 
norka for this purpoao, and diivctcd bia i 
eutoni, one of whom waa bia bcotbe*, 
Roger la Zouche, to divide the reaidoe ' 
bis piopetty amoiis bU kinafelk. terva 
and Vtenda accotdiug to Ibeir raorite (J 
tonan* •/ '^ Ckurdk ^ Ywk, ii. 271- 
Tt*ttaiwata Sboraetnma, i. ^5-6). Un 4 > 
1362 fai)obtatn(>d a licenaa from tbe cbafi 
to build bia chantry chapel, after tbe act4 
work of it bad alitadv bvgun. It 
aituHted on tbe south siil« of tbe cb<Hr, i 
penniafciun was ^v«n lo pierce through ' 
eslemal wallof tbe eatbndral tnc^innccti 
with the fabric. Soon aft«r, an 19 July 
Zoucho dind at Cairood. 

Tbe r:t('('uCon and kiiurialk m4 at naught 
ZoucbeV last romioaiida. H« waa burled, not 
in his uiifiniihed chapel, but before tbe altar 
of St. Edward, and no monument wae emcted 
over bim. Tbomaa Stubba lij. v.}, tbebi 
lorinn nf tho arcbbiahop, apeaka vei; Mronnl 
about thir mmiuMM and negUgeoce 'of 
fumily wbicU bad derivtsl la many heap' 
from him. Thirchuiiiry chii[>el, if cumplei 
waa awepl away when Archbttbop Tlici 
a few years lali-r rvbnllt tli« clioir on 
«xi»liQ|[linc*. Tboprternt offienof lliech 
tor-clrrk, wlieMt the chapter record* are n 
dopoaitcil, i* luppoMxl (o ntark tbe «te 
tho ehanlty (KaixB, Faati J^oracmtn, 




iA 



d 



Zuccarelli 



4»3 



Zuccaro 



w 



448). Ttw ■rrhfaiahof had alrendv in 1837 
c*tabltthcdchantrid,jcunilywttbliisbTott)sr 
Roser, in the churchm of LubbMlborjK, 
L«ontmbu«. uid CltpubAin, Hntltitd (Qi/. 
fat. aM», lS»t-(<, p. 406). 

{Citl*iukr of Fnpkl Latlttw, roll. ii. and lii. ; 
Cuawlar of Papal foliliimn. vol i. : Cnltixlan 
of CkiieuiiIPalciit K"U<<, KiI«nrJ|]l^ Riuna'* 
HHtorUnt of iho Churcli of Vork (ItolU S»r.) ; 
Rjrocr'a Fo^arA. vol. it. . WntungluitD. Hun* 
m«lb (both ID Kull* 9n.) ; (i. la Buhcr. <>]. 
TlH«np«Mi ; Cbron. da linereodt (Buniinlyna 
ClvbV Tha a*riiea( lib i* in T. Rtul<bii'ii Actct 
PoDttff. Bbor- la R*ina'« ni*loriAn>. ii. 417-li>: 
Ibe Iiit»i &Dd folUat ia in H^ioa't Fnali Ebnra- 
criKcf. pp. 4IT-49 ; La K«t«'b Foali Earl. AiikI. 
ad. Uanl;. i. 393. 406. U3. ill. IU«-7. 133: 
Qodnn, Da Prt»utlbua Angli», I Tl.l.p. QSS.] 

T. F. T. 

ZUCCARELU or ZUCCHEREIXI, 
FKANCESCV (17fi2.irr*J, Inndscnpt" 
IiwbWt, wM bom Bl I'iliKliano in Tu-ii-Dny 
mlTOi. Ii« utiidird lirjt aodiT i'nolo .\nc5i 
n FlofMicjj and then under Giovanni and 
■pielTO Nelli at Konio. Uo began as an bi»- 
toricnl psiniur. but aftenrards conflDod Lin- 
•ctf to dwontiv^ landscape irith flgiitM in n 
vmlty but insipid Wjli?, -which bncfimnpopu- 
* — { 1 — u ii_ t.jiR n-coniBion- 

I 

land. .\ttvT (itayin)^ fire yBcira in l^udon. 
duiiug which he was employed aa scane- 
punCer at tbt! Opt^ra Hou»»anilpninted»ania 
views on 'bi<Tliam>>9 and •omn aiibjcict* from 
ShallMpMire, b'* rnliiriit^d to VoniiH\ 1U> 
came t^ Knglnnd n^ain in 17C2. Uc- bi-- 
)onip«dto thp Inporporntifd Society of Bcitlih 
Artuta. and wBi OIK- of tbe foundutiou mem- 
bfirsof tlie Itoyal .Vcadomy. He was pa'ro- 
niapd bytbi- rova) familT and the noblliiy. 
Fredericli, princv of W«Jw, boiitibt a ptvat 
many of hi* woAb, which now fill n room nt 
Windior Castii-. Monyof hinnicturca wi-rc 
wigravod by VivnriM, liymo, \\ oollelt, Bbp- 
lolnni. and' othiT*. Kvif of liia pifturi-a are 
in tho tilajgow (liiltury.uni! in Ul&l of Ediu- 
bur;;h. and tbtrrv h a tempera dnvue by 
luiniDtbitSoathKvneinetanMnMvin. Qth«r 
works by bim are to be found in thi-I.r>Hvr», 
tbellsirmitagiint St. P<!lnnibnr)r,theDrRni at 
Milan, and othi^r public (tnlltri™ tUrouRbout 
KumjHi. He wn« a friend of Cannlrlti, who 
unmutitni?! painted tba buildLnss in bis land- 
H'npes. He discovered the jIMiiua of Kichard 
WiiBon ["J.*.] forlsndwapo-pftint.injf, and por- 
ausdi^d bim In loavn portnut-naintinff fijr 
that branch of art. He rptumcd to Italy in 
177;J, and wiut rulni'd by thu ntpprcurion of 
a monnrtfry in whicb be had invn»tcd his 
aoring*. ill! died ol Florence in 178:^. In 



City but insipid aljli?, -which bncnmnpopit' 
throiigbnnl Kiiropc. Chi t.hn ruconiBion' 
dateon of Jotcpb Smith {108:i-1770) [o, v.] 
the Dritiih rociaiil at Venice, he visit-rd Enif 



th« early part of hi* life bu made aomc! eCdi> 
in^ after ihc dc«ign> of Andrea del 6arM 
and othirn. 

I Kvd)rriiTca' Ctntory : Rriiann'» Diet. ; Ed- 
wudi'i Aiicedoies : KoUikena and hi* Tinea; 
Bryan'* Diet ad, Amiitiong.] 0. M. 

ZUCCAKO, ZUCHARO, or ZUC- 
CHERO. KKUKIUGO (10-li! ?-l«(»), 
painter, horn at St. Antielo in Vado in Tu»- 
cony in 1542 or 1&I3, was eon of Ottariaao 
Zucconi, a jminlur of little merit, nod von ngn 
bcotbcT by thirtiien ;««ia of Thdd«o Zuccnro, 
who obtained gT«>>t reput« aa an hutoricnl 
paitiler. The family name MMim* to liSTabe«n 
(pell ZiicrnrOjihoHirh Fedfriffo, in such latt«r» 
oT hi» n« have been preBerved, usually eign«d 
binuuir ■ /ucharo.' The spelling Zuccheroia 
onlT fuuod iu Enftland, or derived (ber«fioiB. 
Fednrigo irbeo eeven ^ears of am bacuM » 
pupil and auietani tnbie brat borTaddoo, -who 
waa engaged on Important works at ftoaw, 
and for several yeari ho conlinuod lo work 
with hi» broth" on painliugs iu ibe Belre- 
dere at tbo \'ati<'An fur Piua IV and in the 
Villa Fnrnuee at Caprarola. TlisownnncceM 
fjaiiiad bim a summons to Kloronon by tbo 
grand duke of Titecanv to complete the paint- 
ings in the cnpolnoftlic cathedral, nbicn bad 
boen commnnpod by (llDrBioVaaari. He was 
alaonmiilciYfdoti imiKirtaul decuratiie paints 
in|^ at \ enice. After Ibe death of his brnlber 
Tadduo iu l^(Ht Zucciirri was reonlled to 
Home by (lie npw riopp, nrcKory XIII, to 
palul tb« vault of the Cappella i'aolina in 
the Vnticnn. While png-n((pd on this work 
Zucoam (juarre.lled with »ome of the papal 
ofHcnn, and rvvenj^i'd Iiiniaelf by painting a 
icurrilous iiictiire, which bs exhibited to tk« 
pnblic at the festival of St. Luke. For this 
insult be bad lo fly from Itomc and look m- 
fuge in Francp, whcm ho wo» omployod by 
the cardinal of Lormino. From France be 
wflnt lo Antwcr|) and .^mitcrdnm, and in 
1574 umo to trv his forluuu iu England. 

The natiM of 2uecaro bus been at tacbed in 
reckleu profuaiun to Duuberlew portraits of 
tbii period, eapecially ilio»e of Qutrn FUiu- 
belb oereelf. The painter mmained in Enfr- 
land for only four vt-art. and, hod hu met with 
the pntronoRe with which bo has been 
credited by po»ferily, it is biirdly likely that, 
conridcring the dearth of native pamt«r« iu 
England, bu would have set forth to seek hia 
fortunes *Knin. It )» cprtnin that Ziiccnro 
did paint riixabi^lh, and probably Leicester, 
and two drawingi in thn print-room at tlw 
Uritiib MuAcum can nafcly bo aliribuled lo 
hi* bond. Eiiiubeth was fortv year* old 
when ifiiccaru cnmc >o Kngland, so that ho 
could not have painted her in youlh or old 



I 




d 




ige. PflAopi thf? »3-riiUed ' Rninlww' por- 
trait of till! qtii'i-B at Ilklfiulil waa tliu work 
cJ Zuaeuo, mad tbe ftiu» portnii rweiiTly 
dioeorned and uow hi llie Gallery of Fine 
ArU at Snna, allhoucb lbi» iajit porlrnit 
would Rpponr to b« talrMi fmni an i^nrlier 
portmit of tbo i|uo«n, now at Holyrood 
I'nkmi. Burghlry and Waldngham may 
very well have nt to Zuccaru, but Mary 
Cjuwn of Soota, whoie ^portrait lias bt-cti fr»- 
quenily aacribod to liim, waa in dow txia- 
fiii^innnt at SVffinlil, and it U not likely 
tbac an Italian uint«r would bare been 
allowed ncciwi to acr. Tbofni* norvoord of 
Zurcaro's being atuchod to tha court aa 

Enmi<?r-ia-or<)in«ry,«ad hi^ jirobably obtaioed 
ut scanty einployiDHDt,tlio Italian atylenot 
being M tnucli in vwue a* bit«r ; tor nflar 
four yan» bo Tolunwd to Ilaly, nod wna for 
a timn omplored at Virairf, nlmm lie wna 
rowardtd by tno bonour of knigbtlioud. Ii 
was un till' Kn-u^h of tbii. it may be aup- 
poaed, that Zuoearu was allowed to rutuni to 
Rome, aiul (viiripl«te bja painting* In tint 
Capmlln l'aKUIl.^. About I6Hd be wa« Mnt 
for by I'liiiip 1 1 to Madrid to ex(vut« aono 
painting! in the KMi>riBl. Aftrr that bo to* 
tumod to Itomi-, when SixtUR V was now 
pop& aod fuuncltld the Accademia S. Lum, 
of which hv una the fb«I preoidHDU Zuccaro 
buiU. liiiBsi^lf a house in Rome by the ac^rpB 
of tbe Monte di TrinilA. which he adornod 
witb A'Wcoee hv bliuii'lf. AAer other viNtA 
to tb« nOTtb of It nly, /.iicCRTO died at Anoona 
in 1600. InlHOrhi-KTOto'i.'IdnadiScullwi, 
ISttori cd Architclli,' an attempt at a bio- 
j^phicaldicti»niirr')rartitts, in rivalry will] 
ibu celobratpd mirk by \'asaru 

Zuecaro wat a moderate painter of biato- 
rical and decoratire autnecta at the be- 

f inning nf the divnrlpncn nf Italian paintntg- 
If. wu not a portrnit-pnintRr by profMMOn. 
Many of the eoumlcu 'ciBtumn porttnita 
of Queen EliiiibHli and bcr coiitcropomrii-a 
ao recklessly atlriliuled to Zuoiinro are in all 

Srobabllity tliii workof NulInTliiiidiahanints. 
iCcnrding lo a tfood Iradition ZiiL-caro, when 
in England, in ndc rnnieaof tbe famuua paint- 
inn by llnlbi'in in the St«elyardat Ii.ondon. 
Of tbe popira Bllributed to bioi onn, 'The 
Triumph of I'ovL-rir.' ia in tin- Britiib Mu- 
aeum; ihe othrr, 'Thp Triumph of iUcbea/ 
bolongn to Mr. Harry QuilUT. 

[Vaaari'a Vitc dot PiUorJ, &«. (id. MIUnMl] ; 
Valpolo'a Aniiodnt*^ of Painting sd. Woman ; 
Bryan'* Dic^ nf Artisla. ed. Onrna and Arm- 
alron^i Oaye'i Cnrteggio dcgli Artiali ; Ii«nii'« 
Hittory of Pkintinj.] L. C. 

ZUCCiri. AXTnyiO PIETRO (]?28- 
1796), pointirr, and a m<unbcr of a family of 
artiats, wa« bom at Vonica in t7£6. He 



>, who ■ 
odiLa ^M 



studied under bia btber Kranceseo, who 
WM an tngraTer, his uncle Carlo ZiMClii, • 
Mone painler, FraooMco Pontebaaeo, and 
Jacopo Amtcooi. Ilia eariivel works wen 
biitorical pirtuTf« in alia, and tbe church of 
SanJacopoal WQieepoesetaraanaltar-picca 
bv bim. but bo aubfoqaiuitly doTOitod biauelf 
L'liielly to tandicnpc and decorative worlc. In 
no4 lieaccoaiMniedltabert Adam [9.V.] and 
Cliarloa Louis ClAriaaeaof^.v.l in tbutrttaviili 
Ihrougli Italy and Daloaaiia, aWching ardii- 
teelnml ranuiaa, and aome of bia drawing* 
WDreengravodiaAdaBn'a'Itiiinsof tbe Palace 
of DiocVtian at Spalatii\' 1701. In ITM 
Zueebi wa* tnTtted to England by Adam, 
who einployed liiia on the interior dflcota- 
tion* of many of tbe gmt mainiona erected 
nralti-ml by him, including Lutou IIODSa, 
Sjon llouH, (J»t(trl<|y. and Caen Wood ; alM 
aomo of tbo liouai* in the Adelpbi, London. 
Hia work* of tbia clam are agrecnblo ii 
colour but Duor and mannered in dcngn; ba 
was asMSIM in many of tbera by AageUcK 
KauAnann 'q. v.] aiid ber fatber. Zncchi 
wB* electi'd an aMociale of tbe Royal Aca- 
demy in 1770, iDwliicI) yeer and alao in 
1771, 1778, and 1779, be ejchibitod ptclorci 
of oliwucal subjects. In Jnly 17S1 be mar- 
ried AngeUoa KsuSinann, and witb ber t»- 
turned to Italy, where tbe remainder of hia 
life waa ^peiit. He died at ItomeouSSOsc- 
1705,and was bnried in the chuttb of Sont' 
Andrea dello Fraite, where there tt a mona- 
mnnl ti> bin nifmory and that of bis e«lo- 
brnted wife, /.uccrhi's ' Dmth of St. Jnlii 
in tbe (invent of l.a Tninpe' and ' Meet! 
iiflliu Kilters at Keculvcr were enjrniveiiby 
F. Haward, and bis ' Homer inspired by- 
Calliope ' by A. Kauflinauu and O. ZuccLu. 
He deaignei) llie fniblematical frontispiece 
to .\dnm'jL ' Work* in Arc}iiIectim,'eDgTaTod 
by Itartolnui. Alnwnndro IjOI^i drew and 
nnjcravcd a portrait of Zucchi Tot hi* 'Ccni>* 

Ei^ndio delle ^')te do* I'ittori Voneiiaai 
itorici,' 17(S. 

OttTSSPPB Zt;ccsi (Jl. 1770), younger 
brotber of Antonio, ac«oinp«iiied him to 
Kngtand, where bo practised line enrrsri. ^, 
for somo Team. lie was employo upon.' 
.\dam's ' n'orki in Arcbitc<;tuti>,' and 
Cniahed witli the biirin many of Angelica 
KauQmanii's etching*. 

(NhkUf'' KAnstler-Lsrioon; Dsdi^Te'a DIj 
of Anisla ; Sandby'a Hist, of tbe Roynl Atodeny; 
Geranl* Lifa of Angelica KauSinano, ISSt.l 

P. «. orb. 

ZUKERTORT. JOHN flBllMAKIf 
(ISIL' ItsStiWbeM martor.waa bomintba 
prorince otUigA aa 7 Sept. 1843, bin tuber, 
a connqted Jew, having been n prolostaot 
pastor of rery bumble meuu is tbe t' 



^ 



ind I 



Zukertort 



4«S 



Zukertort 



ami district of I.nblin. KnAiinn 1'olnnil. In 
18&5 Ii0 eDIcrcd tho KTmitiuiiuin nt Jlrojilnii in 
Silecin, and in 1^61 wu tratixfc^rriHl to the 
atuTvnity, wbcni'i- he BnuiufllfJ afltT a full 
COmM in m«dii,'iii« in lBti6. lie M-ni^d wilh 
tbo mHir^l curps of lb« Genuan armf in 
tbo esmpaign of llut yc«r and in 1^70-1. 
Hsieanwd clieCBAt Brwlao in 1t<6l, enter- 
ing for n handicap tnumry in tlinC jrnr, and 
iMing Rvi^ry Kiunc that he placed, ulthoimU 
]m r^Cnivivl the odds of the queen, lie no«r 
vnicbkied Bilfjuer's ' Ilaudbuoti ' and studied 
Uie gvae. Qefure tli« do^u of 1^2 L« «u- 
oooBMred Ao'Ier^eii, recviviiu; tlie 0(!d» of 
tlw Iraigbt, and w(>n n ntimhnr of (cnrnfi. 
' Hwcsfotth, U AndpTtscn'a mo.it. tnVnted 
pn^l, h* Ixigwi to mefil first -clnvi iilnyers on 

Sixal ternm. By 180" he yns known bs one 
the sirong«flt plajeni in North Oermiiiiy, 
■ad UMBiMi tbe «i£tonLip (u Qnl id eaa- 
JuuUOB witli Anderateo and aflenrarde 
alonaj of tle'NeuoDnrliniTSchnrhzr'il.iing,' 
wiiica had 1>win founded hy SVumnnn nnd 
Sulile after the retirement of I'h- HimehfeM 
from tb«'«ditor>hip of the Jjeiiiiig 'Scliach- 
luitoog.' In th-ia h« pabliidiuu s number of 
brilliant piiut'8 and u6W voriatious of tJie 
oveningtiKpreMDtiDgthe strategic er^ool of 
that period. During the prrvimi" twoyenra 
b« bad boen bonoumd by uwocintion with 
Joan DufrMna in nditinir Iho inraluaUc 
'OroNM Scbach*IIuidbucn' {mo Van der 
Zindf, Gtiehiehlr undLilf. lUi Seiaeitpieb, 
Berlin, 1874. \i. 23-1). Tbia iraa foUov^d 
by hia ' I.<dtfadeo des SchachRpi«ls' (Berlin> 
mo; 0. ii. SA), n collection of problem*, 
Mudin*, nnd endings, with a short ■vnnpna 
of the openings. In IfiTl ho ^fentnl 
Andensi'U in el net mnttb. nnd nt the elo*; 

of the »auie Tear tU« ' Xeue BL-rlincr Si'liBch* 
nilimg' collapsed. Early in lUTS he cntou 
OTtsr to Engluid bv iuvitalion of the St. 
GMTgre'a Che«a C'litri, and in tha toimMy of 
that y«tr he won (he third prin(SMiittt 
taking tho first), llo inlimaUd that h« in> 
tendra thenceforth to nuko Kngtand ki> 
tioni«T look out letters of DBturaliMation, and 
wa6 b>?r«a(ter n'gardi'd as au Englieh repre- 
eenI«tiTe in all contests abroad. Tlie rapid 
stridps which ha mado m an eiponpnt of tb« 
game beiwnon 1872 and 187S weru ntlri* 
butixl by him lo thn advantage derived from 
bin ' uiaimilation of Englinh cbarnctcrialics.' 
From 1W3 lo 187U Zukertort contributed 
largely to the ' WMtminater I^Luvra' (the 
official organ of the St. Ovorge's Club). Id 
1878 he won the first prife at tba Paris 
Kxbibition toiimament, aAir a tie-match 
with Winnwer. In Soptnmbnr 1 879, in con- 
junction with Mr. L. IlolTor, he found(>d and 
co-cdilud the 'ChcM Monthly,' which ood> 




tiniwd for MvciitMB jvan in b^ the lead- 
ingehenB magaxinc. In March 1881 h« c-ap- 
iBined tho ' Citj of London' in it* nuti^h 
with the rival 'St. Geoij^c's' Club, nnd later 
in the ^ear waa aecond (o Mr. J. IL Blaclc- 
bume lo the Berlin tonmament. He de- 
feated nUckbumo(1881> and the brilliant 
I'aiiK maotnr nonrrntbal (1880) in twQ^ 
matches, annotating thn gnmen with 
elaboration hitherto unknown in 
wriodicala. In l>*S'i he wu filVh in tha 
Vienna touruameol, Sleiniti and Winawer 
taking ibe fir«t and Mcond priz«a aflHt a ti« 

In 188.1 Zulwrlort nchinved one of the 
great objrcta of hiii ambition bv Iriiimphmg 
over Sleiniti, nnd winning the firnl prizn 
of SVOI. in ibi? London intemntionnl cheM 
toumamenl, Siviniti being second and Ulack- 
bume third, Thia (oumameni, whit^U waa 
the Urn important gathering of thi_* kind 
held in London »inc« 1862, took place ati 
tbe Victoria Hall in the Criterion between! 
38 April and 21 June 18SS, and ihn liberal) 
Kale of prixea ntlriicUid practically all tb«( 
acknowledged masters in Europe and Anifl 
rica (tbe only iinportant exception bcunf I 
l^uia Paul»en). During tbt' Srst si.i weeks j 
of tbe toimiainont Ziu<ertort achieved »| 
fitcord in firvt^UMchea* by winning IwentT- 
two gamiv to t)ne daftat, ihowinK in tho 
perfoimancu a combination of brilUnnca, 
energy, and accuracy, unuijuaUed by any 
ffreat maaier hitherto. His nmes ainiinnt 
mnawef (of Warsaw) and lioMnthal (o( j 
Pnrii) wars of the vcty high^itt order, whilft ' 
tbatagainat lllackbiimn, played on 5 May, 
was, in StcinitK** opinion, ' nnn of tha moxt 
brilliant game* on record* (for Blnckbiini<!*M 
analy aia of tbia game see B UCXB itbjc e. Oamet, 
I8(H>). But ihemaater'anervuiLSenergy bad 
been mniniainedonlT by recourse lo tbe moat 
powerful drugfi, and on 7 .lune took plac* I 
the thn^nlriK^d brrokdnwn which his (Vi«Ddl | 
had long frari^d. On that day hn mode an 
elementary blunder in his game with Mae- 
kcuiie, and on the two following days he waa 
succeisively defeated by the weak«at players i 
in the tournament. Fortunately IhiacollapM I 
waadcderroduntilbiepoaitionnaflnitpriiemaa i 
had almady b^en n^urod. Zukertort nexer ' 
fully recoven-d t\w e^tmordinaiy mitntal I 
vigour which be hnd e.thibitnd during th« | 
early part of the London tournament. Con* 
Irary to the adricu of his friends and ibo 
verJjcl 1^ medical men (u the eff«ct that . 
repose was ««»enlial after hi» supreme efibrtf 
he pemiRted in acc^ting the chnlti'nge Of] 
StPinitJtoan ' intpmationni matrb,'!:hoooni-5 
ditioas of which were Iiighly unfaroiirahia ' 
toamanofluBaerToustvmpcramcnt. Kcvcn 



Zukertort 



426 



Zuylestein 




^OiM vrte to be pla j^ed ttl New York, Hven 
lit St. Lotii*. iui<l Mivni) BC N«w Ortatu*. 
'i'fao tlriti^ Chrw Club nnlvrtainrd /.ukcr* 
tort in Ldiidonin Novi:mlirt lls*S,pr*vioiuly 
to hi* dopMttim. He won four out of tbu 
firat live gnniM, but wan uttvrtj' crushixl in 
t)i0 concluding tiurtiim oftlie tnatcli, wLich 
tunuiuatvd al fitw Orl««iis od i9 Mai oh 
1686 (toe Citft .tToati/y, Fnbrunrj i.nd 
March). ]Ie rrrnmcd fram Ui<i State* n 
bralcMi'dowti Eaan. llii ncrmiMcotcdoTiip- 
■trained, oa iniUHlimcDt in Iiif apeecb w«* 
noiieenblei Mid iiv had not ib« uoer;^ to rouM 
hini^ll' froBi a bind of mMiial torfor. II9 
lotit a «bon malcli wiih fiUcJtbume (1^87), 
and i t WM doiibtiid wh«t]i«r fa« woulil vnnim* 
to nlaj in an international context projected 
at Itmdford for thu autumn of \S86. In tho 
■uflinier handieap of the Briliib Cbea* Club 
(1888) ho headed Th« liil, aad the au^uriea 
MCame mom hopeful ; but un 19 Jane 1888, 
while pla.ving at t^mpaoa'a ebeta diras, b« 
wn* KUctdonlT attacked bj- apoplvxr; b* wta 
mmovcd at the in»tanc« nf I>r. Cainidjr to 
Obaricff CroM Tlotpiul, aticl he died there, 
aged 10, on 20 June. He waa buried at 
BKluplou eemerv'ry on 2') June, when mogt 
of the promitiiicil British chMS plafers were 
reptveratcd at hi» gntTMide, From 18(8 
to TS83, taid the 'Timni* jiutly, in on 
obitunn' ticKicf, ' Dr. Zukertort wna con- 
ndiiriil by tnany to haro attained a dngroo 
qf i^xeellMiea in cIicm that haa ne>'cr been 
exceeded.' 

Zukertort wan a clever conremalionist and 
UnffttiHl (apeeking English like a nalii'c), 
wiui a narvelloua memory, and a large stom 
of ffciUTal infonnation. Hi« memory, it vtn 
■aid, omlj failed him when ho had to aniw-fTt 
B letter or keep an appointment. At the 
cben-boud one coiiid not gather from his 
counleaance whether he was winning or 
loeing, for he prMumted in either ca»e ihe 
picture of ahiecl mlaerj. At New York in 
188<the waa (Ifvcribed fM illimiraiing nerF{>«, 
whili' St^inili ilhulmtpd solidity. An a 
blindfold pinyer hfl Win not iiiiriim»pd even 
by BUckbume, and US niianalyst b« probably 
had no equul. llin annolutionii upon the 
Morphy-Andemten match in the paging of the 
'Chew Monlhly' were a rerolation, entirely 
KUprmHling thi^ jm-rimiii nnnljuia by Lowwo- 
thal. llin hnowlrdge of the op«niiig||w«s 
t'jclinuBlivc, and hi.H nnnlyteii of fh* Evani, 
Mvixi'ji, und Allgiiier gnnibila completely nl- 
ter-.'d |i.ing-*«iabliBh«id opinione ■■ to their 
value. '^'(■ry few Kngliahptayers hare equalled 
Ziikirtori in devotion ami wn'lM (o the game 
of which he ifftii inch n brilliunt exponoul. 
' AUcgether he waa a eheu genius of the 
Liglieatunlvr*(7f/a>fr. J!«atfoM AVir^dOJunc 



1888). The majoniy of hi* morn impor 
nmea ate to be found either in the ' f 
Monthly' or in tb« booka of the 
toumamrala in which be ira« 
MveatMO >M printed in ' Mr. BUckE 
Oamea at Ohes*,' 1899. 

Photographic! tmrtmits apneart^l in thl 
'Sltiatratedl^Dtlon Xcm' t.W June ISi^Jj 
■ Chew Monthly' (July 168S),aBd«lMwlMi 
The only one which conreya any trao id 
of kia gaunt, haggard, and ' corruKaled' an 
poaritnce ia the pen-ewMnk caricature in 11 
'WeatminntM- Prmib,' 1 June 187U, wil 
tbe leftmd ' 'fbo Oien Apoatte,' 

[Cbne HoDthly, ie;e-88; prabee to Iota 
uBllonal ChuB TonnamMii of tSSS (Thirtyte 
cane* by Zokertart) ; Steiaiu'i Inlnnadoa 
Chraa H-K. Uarh aud April ISM : Kr. Bb 
biiina'a Oamea at Chcai, 1890 ; FoKmghlly I 
(an. bjr IloAr). DcoamUr IHSlS: Fl^ld, ■!^ Jua 
188S (tit bMt nmoirkby Mr. Uoerr. who hi 
kindly refind (hit nation; TSmea. SI JonaietlBJ 
Uanio«uicU'a Chtu Life Piplarea, n»d Kni| 
and King* of Chau. pp. I j.2« (puKniit) ; 
Ili«U »r Cb«**; it'li^cr'i Uandbneh, IB9I, 
07; Sctiatlop'a Dsr Scboehwcukanipf vroch 
Wilh. Stcimti uud J. 11. ZnkutoR, 188 
Schw«>ti:icsr'H'/.iik>rton'iiBLiDitliB£BScliMbp 
B»rliii, 18:3.] T. 

ZUYLESTEIN or 2ULESTKIN, W 
L1A.M 1II-:N'i:y. flr«t Eani. oe ItoCHroi 
(l&l.Vi:0O),bom at iheSchlotB of Zn 
■tfiin or Zuyleelein, about a mil* :' 
city of l.'trt^ehi, in May IftW, wu thai _ 
Kin of Frederick Nasaau da Zuyloateia, ■ 
married, lu bia firat wile, in lau. Ma 
eldest daughter of Sir William Killtj 
bart., and Dnl couain of diaries ll's dau 
ter, the Counted of Yarmouth. 
KiUigrow wentorerto Holland, B)^1 
■evenie^n, aa a maid of bonour to ' 
prinCHv royal of EnfiUad tad ptiMMIi of 
(>rBnffr, in February 1644. 

Wiiliam Hcnry'a'father, FxBDBaicx Nu- 
siu DB2rrij!eTB!S(10(»*-ia7a).waaanatu- 
ml Hon, by tbe daughter of n txirgoiRMter 
lit Emmerich, of lienrr Frederick, prince 0^^ 
Oranre. He was a faithful henchinan (o bjj^l 
half-brother, ^^'illialn 11, until that princa^H 
audden dnnlh in tSAO, and • f«rw y«<ui later 
it WDB n^im^ betwoon the IVincam Maty and 
tliol'rincesi Dowager Amalia that heiihonU^I 
act as goTcmor to bia * nephew ' {aAerwirj^H 
^^'illiBm III). In IGuU, against the young^ 
pnnoc'a own iuclinaliou, Ziiyleeiein wu 
«uupknled in this inSuenttal iioeiiion by 
Jolian vail Gh«at, a partiaan of tho ^and 
pensionai^Jolinde\H'>tt(PDimu>,Zlalf^ 
I. 476). H« uOTBclbo U ae •eenmpanied 'V 
liam to Bng^land in ibe wintor of 16 
Ituniot relntc* that Cbaitea eptdu: to 




Zuylestein 



4^7 



Zuylestein 



I 

I 



nrinoo in prirat« of t]i» factious ckanct«r 
inhermi in a protc^innt pcopl*. ' Th<< prince 
told >1) ihia li> hia iiRtiiral iinclo (and to 
no ODS 01m until nftxr (.'ItnrWi dnntli), nnd 
tliay won both nmnu-d ' at aiu-ii a ti'nnli 
•xpMMtiaRafraUjriounainnion. JohiiETelyn 
BUppnd with him durioi; hii stsj in EnglBiiil 
on lu Dm. 1i>7I.i. Zuvliratcin vraa k]i[ioint<-d 
■ nn«nl of fool in ihv Dulch nmy m 
February 1672, nnil »1inrtil with his neph«w 
tlie Tirince and Count 11c>m in ilic nitnrk 
on WoeMrin, > town in South iloUnnd, hidd 
bj nni! nf Louii XlV«(farri«)ii«. Zuj-Wluin 
rqtuliwd ftn atlBck by a n-lipviiiff force, and 
til* town tent a neoMge with ariewtocBpi- 
tnlatioD, bat on that aaniH night, 12 Oct. 
1873, ZujlMteiQ wMalain in an attack upon 
fail qiinrtvT* Ifd in pcmon hy the French 
gencrnl LuxrmlMTirff. Up vnm wonndnl in 
Mghtn^ placm, and hii body niu nlmcut 
liaekoil to pii-cfs, n circuununce which 
Lc CltTC rwgardtfd u a juat n-tribuliou for 
tbepnmiuviil part iliiil Zuyti<«ti;iu had taken 
in plaiiriio^, if not in cxocittiiig, th>? cruel 
luunler of t ho Up Wins ( Hist, dm VeoftKi-fii- 

I Fm^, 1T38. iii. 31:i). 

I Wiilinra lirnry entered the Ihitcli cavalry 
hi I67i, but nit ayi)un)(mannppeiir» to have 
bwa beat known nt Tho Hiigue for hi» gaU 
kotrjr and hi» good looks, and a* a com- 
painon of the prince's pleasurM. He was 
grentlv trnetcl by Wilfiaai, and acquitted 
hima'-lf no irri) on a mifuiion of obatrvntinn 
to ICiifi'and in Angiut 14187, thi- nominal 
purpose bcinf; to condole with t!io >|ucen- 
connurt upon tho deatJi of her motlipr, ihu 
DowsgerDucliuaa Laur«of Modunu, thni hu 
"Vaa oant^id envoy npon a much more im- 
portant oceaaion m the enciiioer of the fol- 
lowinj; year. Hin avowed purpoan wna now 
tofnliciiato Marr linatriw npon thn birth of 
a prince, his real objct-i to infnrm hitnsi-lfof 
tho temwr of iho nation und Ic< (piiige tliv 
probabilitv of Jamefl's vuiumoniuu a purliu- 
mrnl anJ adopting a mure ralmnal nnil 
conciliatory policy, I'or thin piirpoaiiil wiw 
thoiiKht that nn tnv.iy with the frank and 
martini exterior ofn covnlrypolonel.Mich oa 
Zuyteitdin, would Iw able In opi-rnic with 
muoh greater frtedom Ihnn a rcognixpd 
diplouiul of euch knuwn a?ttitenci» as Dyh- 
veil. But. beneath the brave carnage of the 
dragi^on there Inrkcd in Zuylestein no ordi- 
nary power of diuimulntinn. He «a4 ro* 
cuivci] by Ihv nuoi<n nt St. Jnmea'ii on 
38 Jww less (l^don OazetU, 30 June), 
•nd th* cordiality of hii mt'injiges iimpired 
Mary Beatrice to write a letter of ptayfiil 
aflWtion to her ' dear leaion ' tthe Prioeew 
rf Orange) ; bnt he wrote at once nn scciitit. 
ofUiescspticBl mstloor in which the birth 



vfE% 




waa recWi'«d in London, and inttinied 
fxpeditiouftly and effoctifely with alT lliu 
pr>niinent ualcoDtents. Clarendon rtcanla 
a niimbrr of hismoTenieiita dnringJuly. He 
rntiimcd with Sidney to Tho lla^iia early 
in Auffurt, Inkinj; with him iwlern to Wi(- 
linm fruni Naitin([hnin, (*liurchil!, Ilcrlmrt, 
Biabup Complon, Sunderland, and otbcn. 
On his rolurn he wu proiooled a major- 
fenersl in thv Dulcb amy. On \*\ LIct. bo 
emhnrk^d on thv lame ahip with William al 
Ili'lvodialuya. On 16 liac. hnwascmtby 
William from Windaor with a nwMago 
iii^ins Jsniei to itay at Uoalicitcr and not 
on any account return to London. He found 
on bis arrival thai Jomea had already re- 
lumed (o Wluteball, whither ZulMloin 
(rompllT followed him (JIatInn Corrrmp, ii. 
27; I^n/lott Oaxrltr, So. 2110). la re- 
ijionH! to \\'illinm'> blunt tnenage, JaniM 
cxnreiued a hope that the prince mijrht bo 
induced to nioel him at Whitehall. JCuylo* 
Btein was ready with an uncompnimiii&ff 
anftwr ro the effect that lb« prin™ would 
not enter London while any royal troopa tv- 
maini'd in it. Thin had the desired effui;!. of 
srjtritiK Jamoi ftmn tha palace. 

Zuylratein wna nnturnliu^d in England on 
1 1 May I(l8a, nnd wns appointed nuulcr of 
the robes to the king on ;?3 May, boldinn 
th« poat down to 16flG. His rcgimeut vnu 
relBined fornerricein tlie north of England; 
in May llSfll it wn» at Ihirham {Cat. Slate 
Paper; Dom. IfiflO-l, p, iW). Me accoro- 

raniod William to Irt^land, but in Au^iat 
U'JO left the campaign ihtre onamiasion to 
Whitehall, where his launi^d face ' fntflllcd* 
lh» cjueen. tb'jogh she regarded him aa tho 
hnrhinger of ber husband's retorn {ii. Horn. 
HllNI, p. 117). On ISSept. laeOhewaspro- 
muted a lirutmanT-i^'neral in the English 
army. In a liat of thia dat« (Cumnicni' 
JoumaU, lii. BUS) he i* montionivd a* an 
Knglish Buhjecl with the rankof liL-iilenant- 

SFueral and nav of l,4lJ0f. per annum. In 
annary 1691 li<> accompanied A^'iltiaui to 
Holland, and had a periJouB aihenturv in a 
Mnnll iioal in n prrmarnre Slt^rnpl to Utiil 
(LiTTTKKLi., ii. Iti5|. In July liMS, in tho 
saiiftuinary battle of Ncnrwindon. otter dia- 
liupiiisliinc hiintelf and, it ia mid, nucuin$[ 
WiDtsm iruin a position ol great daniiT, 
llnvlefilein was slighlly wouuJtvl and ta&ii 
to Namur ; hs was I'xehange'I and rMumed 
to ihe camp on ^ Aii^. In November ISM 
hia rejiimcnt wa« nKnin "ninnvl to Flandeni. 
On 10 Slav IWt.i l^uylnirein was eriiatiid 
llaruu Enfie'ld, Viscount Tunbridgii, and 
Earl of Roehforvl, and receired a |^nt of 
part of the MarquiKof Powis'a<'atat(4(.A(n^ 
tittt<m MS. \ '2>^i>)-, b« took bis seat on 



Zuylestein 



4J8 



Zuylestein 



20 Feb. le»6 (I/>Tdi' Jmnt. sr. 676). On 
:!6 Dec. lOOu Ii«recoivedapMisioii of 1,000'. 
piT ttanum (^Jiavtinfm MS, A Ml). In ibo 
K^rt prf««nlnl to p«rliuii«nt in 1609 it 
waa sliQwii lIiBt be bad rccrivRd gnnU of 
Und in IrnUtid anountinji to 30^61^ octm 
(lUnir, iu. 389). Uia Ui«t jeftn irer« 
poMtd in eamp«ntW« wdtuioa for ibe mo«t 

rt inHotUnJ, whflr« 'WiUiun *iait«d him 
1007, Mid bp died kt 1ii> MtatoorZu^lan- 
fiWia in thn proTincn nf I'trrcht in Jaaiurjr 
170^0. IIr hud tnnrricd, on i'5 Jon. 1881, 
Juio, daufffatcr of Sit Uenrjr Wrolh of Dur- 
nnt^ Knfiitld. bdiI of Loughloo Hoax' iu 
EMex [sM Udder Wroth, 8ib Robert]. 
Shu veut over m maid of honour to Man, 
priaoM* of Otanpi (aftnrw*.rd« Marr 11). 
TiifjXatmtt Mduccd bnr, and tlua nAum 
tho pTomued marriage, b«uift stronxl; «n> 
coura{^ in tliit ootine of fonduct bj Wil- 
liam. K(TU, bovaTcr, at Mar^'a intrtaooo, 
wrou^t upon t1i« count lo uaxry tbe lad^, 
and nerfonaed ibe cerpcnonj Kcmly in 
Mary ■ cLniwl nbila tha princd WM •Baent 
banting;. n'iUiam va* exocMivelf ■'VTi 
and Ken bad tvmporanlj xa witlidnw ^m 
The Hifna (cf. Spbki'e, AMfdotet, cd. 
SinuCT, p, !»»; Nbwhut, TratU for (A* 
Timf-t, No. 76). • 

The flldiw.!. MO, Wiu.iAH N AW*F nmZrr- 
i.ntTKisor 7,i-Lrayr.\\,M'etiaA Karl of lloch- 
ford (16^1-1710), wa* bom in ItlSl, and 
alUrie9S waa atflod Viacount Tuabridn. 
ilo waa Ktunusl to tbe Iriab pojliaawnt for 
Kilkeimj ID )70(>. In tlirmunntimi: ho bad 
gonu out to tbc iieitlorwHr in FUiidi^rs, and 
waa appointed one of Uartborough'* aides- 
de-canp early ill 1704. Mariborouffh wrota 
ofliiin toVui faihor on 1 S^t. Ii04 a« a 
jronag aeigncur who tiromiitni wi-ll, and he 
waa aelMited for th* nonoor of brarina Ibe 
deqiatdi of the Tiototr of Blenkcim ffitn 
tba generaUnJino to Uie qocvn. Tbu ■ M. 
Luleatvin * nw<ntioned in the «anie 1ett«T {aa 

Sirinled bj Miiirav) ia «vid«iQlly a miannat 
orZuletlttln, and nrobabljr rvfgn to Tnn- 
bridga'a accond brotlicr, Mnuricn. TunbridK« 
aniTM in London with hi* deipntcbcs on 
16 Aug. Ia JanuaiT 1700 \m wan proiauted 
liHuIeuant-oolonel of tho 3'Jud n-^meol of 
fool, and on 1 Feb. 1707 oolonel of the 3rd 
drfl^nons. On 3 May 170tf he entered tho 
Enttli'h nnrlinmcnt in tho dominant whig 
intenat lor StcyninKboroiifrb, i^uawtx. No»t 
TOW (havinfc aucaMidfJ an iwcond Earl of 
Bochioid in Jauiuirj- 170^17(») he was 
eant oat with bis rvi.'imuul under the com- 
mand of General Wille to Spain, arriving 
off I.i«bon in Ociobor 1709. ()a N««f Yearli 
day ITlObowaapromotnd bripdiarwganeml. 
At the battle of Almonara (not Almann, a* 



•tated hj Collina and Burke) he: foujtht 
the Utnoat gallanlry at tbn bond or hii 
goona on the enrvmc IcfV, hiuUt Sianho 
and Oarpait«r. Uia rr)iim«al boru ihe bru 
of Ibe fighting, and be «raa killed bv acword-^ 
cut in the ho«r ol Tiolorr, 27 JuIt I71<X' 
Stanhope ^aakiofbiraaa a yourttoCcOT of 
muchpn)Buw(7?u/'»jr,1^70,p.4S). Bnng 
uoisamvd, ha waa aocooeded in tbe oarldom 
by hii hrolbor, 

Fkxkekiok HAsatv UK Zvrun*i5, third 
Eari of Rocfafoid ( 1062- 1;SS), who had been 
brought i» la Holland aa a noble of the pro- 
vinee of Utrecht. He kiined Uw pownM 
whig oppoHtioB (1710-14) in tbe Honae of 
Lord*, and look part in th« pvotcat a^ainit 
the atifliiw of the .\auinito ia(|uiiT in 1713 
IHDtii:i»,/'ro(«r*o/U*/,(.«t«,i.iH4). He 
dii-d on 1-1 June 1738 at liia liouae in Great 
Queen Sirwi, Lincoln's Inn Field«,and waa 
buried at Eastou in SuAblk.wIi^rebia younger 
brother, Qaary <iiL 1741), who had hncn a 
lieuteBaat-«olaii*l in a dragoon rcK>t))<^''t, 
waa Mated. Ilia own eoiuntrr rvaidcnoe wai 
St. Oaytb I'riory, the 6ae old Baaes nua- 
Mon (partly renOTaled aboul 17Ifi) which, 
oami! to him thronfl'h hia inarriapi in I70tl 
to Bouy (d. 33 JoM- 1746), iII<rffiiiaiW«l 
ilanj|:ht«r hy Eliaabeth Ciillnton of Itii!baid| 
SavBg«, fourth earl Itircni 'q. t.] By b«#] 
bt! wiu fatlinr of William Henry Naaaan dal 
/.urlutoin, fourth oarl of Kochford [i:|.v.\and ' 
Richard S<ivaKrNiLMaudeZtiTli'*tcui(r7^3- 
17S0), SIJ'. for Co)cbort«r (;1747-C4) and 
far.Malicn(177l-801, andooeof tbecli " 
of the tnard of f;nea cloth. Thin Rich: 
Sarag« married, on HA Dec. 1751, Klixabi^th, 
dauMtar and heima of Kdward Sp^rvr 
R«idIeahaai,Shirnlk,and ilii> widow of Janua 
IViuflaa, fifUi duke of Hamilton: ^ bar 
(nhn died on B March 1771) he waa father 
of \\'llliam Henry, fifth and last earl of 
Kochford. 

Of tbe flnt earl'a da«Ehl«ri, Anno 
unmarried and waa burieafin St. Hicholaa' 
Cliapol, Wpslminilrr AbboT, on IB Feb.: 
1701 {V.ntunvK, Jt/y. p. 248); Mary marrivd 
ihn lltier Harrtlt or Harrerol. oite of the 
chief nobtea of tbe province of Gneldnland 
and aeoond »ou of Oodert. de Ginlral, fint 
earl of Albloue [q. r.J ; and nonrietta mw 
ried Frederick ClirisHan Qinkol, aaoond "' 
of Athlonn (ltte'^-1710), tb« oldar ~ 
of Clary's huabond [ace under QuiSBL, 
nBBT cb]. 

[Cotlima Vtvn^. 1813. Hi, 721 ; 0. K. C[»- 
kajae]'* Completo Peerage: Bnrlle'a Eitiact 
VtmM, I.e. 'Naaun:' nntbnor'a 6eonl»> 
giache Tabellan, ir. 1273; ZfdWa Uairaml 
Luciom. 17». Utr. BUUB; Eaaax Arch. Sofc 
Tnuu. 1873. V- 19; riayAiir'a Fannly Ai 



harfl 
irlia* ^H 



tamw 
mTooS 




r 



Zuylestein 



4«> 



Zuylestein 



I 



1809. L te%^; Lattifll't Briof Rui. BfUiioB. 
t. 4118, ti. 164, 199. 330. 319. 363, V.i. Ha. IM. 
167, K6. *a7,iT.aO. 30fl, SJft. ». iii; Ilanial'* 
Own Ticin. 18S7. i. IS-V ♦79. 306; Bujorn 
Wilrinm III, 1703. pp. 33, MO. IA9. 161.200, 
408. 4M ; licijer'a QuMn Aiiiii<, 1T3I, pp. 208. 
394. 4^0, 461 ; MutKruTfl'* Accaunt at iha R«- 
Talutiou : KttIj'ii'h iJtary. li. A7 : Rapio bdiI 
TlDdala niat. of l^iii;Unil. xvii. 'ISO ; Dnl- 
r;inpU'i Memoin of Greii Brilain, 1 790, bk. ». 
and npjiciiilLi onUiniaa pnrkM of Ictlcn from 
Umfjt of Muiltns, M'li^fiiiiit, Daaliy, Qaltfiii. 
ComptOD, »nd olbcn Id WiUinni, jirin» of 
OnagB, in whieb rrfenn'^o >■ laaila to Zcijlnt>iii . 
•• U« prioc*'" enij««ir¥. t'arreip. of llrntj i 
Hjilei,«irl of C]an-u<!ti]'i, ia2H. i. IQA. ii. ITS. 
ISS, 336, 139: Clorkc'f Junix II. ISIfl, ii. 
W3. 366; Dwpatchoa of Mart borough, *•). 
Hum?, i. iOi, <4fi ; DiiUon'* Engliih Arm; 
LUu. ir. 317: Cuiv'k Mjirlboranitn, iii. IAS; 
WolMWiLifo of UnrlburonKli. i. 383; Piir- 
naU'* W»r in Spnin, pp. 270. 376-7 ; MacltiD- I 
lo^'« Hilt, of itiH ItarolutioD, 1834. pp. 8S1, | 
411, 419. 9(4; MMsuIn/a Hiaiory. 1663. i. | 
4U. 806. 611. 867. ii. 340 : H»inni'> Hul. •!>> i 
k BimtotioD. I83,V iii. 203; Ralpha Hiit. of 
BiuUnd, pp. son, 1066; RaiiIui'* Hiit. of Kag- 
lnndTW. 398; Wrlnon's Janrrl 11 aail Duka nf 
B»t«»-li, pp. 71-3 ; Soble'a Oentin. of Ono^r, 
iii. 443; PIuatpl»>'>LifoofK«ii.lSH8. Ltd. 138, 
141, I4d. u. 31,33. HO; Sl,nrk!iind'* QuKciu of 
Kn«lnnd, ri. 189. 200. 318. 319. 388. rii. 73-t. 
I«£, 303-3, S3I; Klopp'i Fall dm Haiuu 
smart. 1870, iii. 379, 17.64.87.71; Vnxcfott't 
Lifa Oif H«lifBi, 1898, J. 464, ii. R8.43 ; IIi>t. 

MSS. Comm. Aih Krp. App. p. 3IS. 8ih Rnp. 
App-J>£. 17> 36-7. lllh licp. App. iv. 61, 67, 
71 : Omoiiil RHurn of Muiabura of PniliiMaBnt, 
Index. i.T. ■ YnlMltiiii.'] T. S. 

ZUYLESTEIKorZCLESTEIN, WIL- 
LIAM HKXKY rN*«<*p ut], founh 
EiRL ov ItDCHCoitn (171" -1781 j.eldt'st »on 
of Fr-'dtTrick Xajsnu dt? ZuyipBlcin, third i-nrl, 
by Ileasy Hnvage, was torn nt .St. Osylli 
Priory, Keseii . ou ITSepl, 171". nix uioclitir, 
who WHS ibo i1Ii.';,'iliiuHt>< daiightpr niiil 
IieirenBof Kiclisn:! Snvii(t.>, foiirtli wnrl Itivpr* 
[q, v.], by KlimlKith ('oIlntDn of Ciillntin, 
died on S.^ Juiir ITID, lining tlinn t ho widow 
of ths Rev. I'hilip Vartet (ffent. Mag. 17i6, 
pti. 328 ; NoBtB, t'ontiiiaafion uf (Jrongrr, 
III. 442). AftiT Mlui'iiliuti Hi WestmiiiBtcr 
•choul III* WHB sppoiuted u lord of the Vjed- 
chamber Jii 1738 with k salary of l.OOOf. n 
TMr. In 1741 be inherited property (rom 
liis unci's, Henry <1b Zaylcaloin, whodind.iin- 
iiinrrii'ii, nt ICmiiii in ihn April of thia yiinr. 
Inhi-ritinB niao ttronR whig vii-ws, fii? movud 
ill the taoit influoiitinl Kucicty in LuiiJoii, 
Atul wanin 17 1'Juk'VU-d a inuuibur of ^V Lite's. 
In 1748 hu wm no in in at eJ Tioe-idmiral of 
Katej, and in th« folIowinR vear was sent 
■a eiivo; Htnordinary ana plenipotentiary 



lo tbe lung of S^rduiiB. While at Tuiin fao 
m»it tba Ualian tour, ' obsurved the dispoii* 
lion of the aavenl luUan court*,' and spent 
sucuK time at Roedo in the spring of liSS. 
Next year he nbl«iiun] pnrniiuioii to return 
to Fnslnnd and Incdtd at Dover on 2il April. 
On S Sept. ITU be i^mbarkrd oj^in tA Uor- 
vrtch on hia return, but « f«w muatlia tutor, 
upon the E&tI of Allwmarle dyiog suddenly 
in Paris, Itoclifond was recalled, and acooin- 
ulishwl the journey from Tnrin lo Ilerbdej 
Cuiiare in what wui l.lii>u{;!il itin quick timo 
of flftiH'nilnjalKcbrunry irSii). Vtn2 March, 
upon Ilia pn-sciilinit liitnudf at court, hu wna 
appqinled grooui of the atolo and iirat lord 
of the bedchaiubi^r. As Kfoom of the iitola 
at the liiut) of (ieurp) It's ileHth, he wua 
entitled to the furniture of ibe room in 
which ihn Ving died, and a bml-qnilt of ' 
which he bocanin posicued in thi* mannnr 
Ionic did duly u an allor-cloth in St. Oayth's 
church. 

l>n U Uarch 1755 he wu awom of tJie 
prlvv council, and on iiSi April he waa one 
of the lords Ju»ticeA upon the occasion of 
the hiug's viiit to Hnnovvr. On IB An^, in 
this ypar Wnlpoln tunnlion* that he dined 
with (irofton and llouhford at (iarriek'i. 
, Ilo nnsconiitituted lord liuutenantof Esux 
ott <i April 17<>(I, and uu Geoi^ IH'i acces- 
sion was continued in thai post and on the 
list of privy councillors, and frranleil, upon 
his rcM^ali'in of his bedel mm biT ftppoint- 
mant, an Iriah pension of 2,0(X)/. n ymr 
(December 17001. On 8 June 17C3 bn'waa 
named nnibiHandor-extniorOinarj' lo the rourt 
arSpaiii, nud held thalappuintment for tbn« 
years. At Mudrid he witnested thechnnj^ 
that ensued upon th« fall of Kichurd Wall 
[q. v.], and 111' noon arri veil nt a thorough under- 
standing of Spnniah pollrira. The removal 
of a man ao diiUnult lo roplncn was stronifly 
deproL'Bttid by titeuvillo and othpr*. Ilia 
pcrMinal tintravajtunco wa« very jfTfrit, and 
It was said thai iii order tu (cet awny from 
Mailrid he bad to pawn Lis plale niid jewels 
for 6,000/. {Mornmy nemk, « Oct.USl). 
Ono of hi* nutrnvngnnees wss a superb 
china dinner acrvico, with his cont of arnu 
in the centre. Ilin motto was '.Spiw durst 
arurum,' but the painter wrotn ' S|)m dnrat 
acuorum,' and the aulxititulian was held to 
be nirire thnn jii«f.itji'd by tLeenirnpuculiori- 
tiea. On I Jnlv lTi!6 he was apptiinted 
IJritiah nmbiiMnilor at Paris. It was ru- 
moured that he lind Kiceired iostructioBB 
of a ^pcret chiira«rler from Shplhump as lo 
the line he wiia to take in regnrd to the 
French detii^iB upon Corsica, and thai bo 
suffered a good deal owing to the vacillation 
of the English cabinet on this subject. 




Zuylestein 



430 



Zuylestein 




Anotber uv^tiiil attci!>iil#<i tlie f&ilnre of 
itli TemoniAranro atcniim t'lvncli aKf[Tr.uioii 
in Cnrticn to Iho uidiMKtiooi of liord M«it*< 
finld, who M tbe table of n miai.ilL-r in P&ria 
was Mid to bare d«dATi>d tliat thu Engliali 
cubicei iriLt too irMk uii Ibe nation too 
wiED (o enter upon a war for iht* (aIw r>f 
Conica (SrftSitops, *. lOfl; ft. Wai.icii.k, 
Mi-uu. af Ororga III, od. Barker, iii. IM). 
Tn n^trihulioii Itoohfonl p!i«d tbo miiii»t«n 
witli aknaiD); tnlei of dmip-Iaid ilDHgiU for 
a FTPnch roup de main ujKiti Gibn^tAT. On 
!it Uot. ViiVi Itoohfonl was appobud mict«- 
\Arj of tAtiiK for ifae nort]iem dqwrtaent 
Iti plac« of Lord Warniouth, who raplac^ 
ShMbnnw in tlia Miuiiipm ; tUiitlburon with- 
drrw ftam l]io adminUt ration noon tb>- n^• 
tlrMnent of ChailiaiD. Uocbfora on'L>d liis 
nomination to the new pritne mini^ti^r, y)\v 
Duke of Gnftmi. The nfw mor^tary vin- 
dioslod Ills tndependencA, if not 1>Im yiAg- 
ment, nprin a incimniilouii (icrnsion. On 
1 Mny ITtW nt a cabiart mcclinii: ijrnfton 
propoH^l to his (Tollca^aus that xhey ^lould 
dUoKvther rpinnl the obaoxion* AmiTii-an 
duiitu. To uroid an appe&rance of limidilv. 
North vtr|;i-d ibal llie tea-duticM tliuiild lie 
excepted fnim tlie repral. On a division 
the pr>>po»iil of Orafton wm ngoct«d by tlio 
CMtmi vote of one — I..OTd Kochford. But 
for thiii unhapiiTevpnl, wrote nnvlloo nfter- 
wardit, ' I vtill think that the separation 
from Ami-rica roiffht havii been iivoidi-d.' 
In UocMnbur of lhi« Ti?ttr Kofhford ah'jwi'd 
Ilia BccuitonK."! skill in dealiug with tfai* 
polilieians of Mttdri'JiSpuiii conceding <M'erT- 
thine that Rutland n^knd, Though rml nniil 
the Kii^ligh minifittr had Infl iIki SjiaRltih 
cnpitnl nnd hiid proeondi^d twi^nty Icosiw* 
on hin honicward jouroi'V. The oommittal 
of Spnninh intcre»li to tlie care of Kookfonl. 
who still mtninud the iiortk«ni departiueat, 
was apparenlly a concemjon to tlie criticism 
of Junius, wlio had written (Letter i. Jl Jan. 
ITllSl i ef. t^tler ilix.): ' Lord llocbford wb» 
ncquaintod with Ib« ofJiiira and tcmoor of 
tho iioiilhoro court" — Lord Weymoutn waa 
oquallv' qualified for eithur department. By 
wbat unaccountable caprice luia it happened 
that the latier, who pretends to no «x}>e- 
rieuce whataoerer, is remorad to tbo moct 
important of the two dcnaitmettta, and tbo 
former b,v profaiviieti plact^d in an olEcn 
wliern hix cxMrienoe can bo of no uai^ to 
himP'r«cL> Thixse, Thomas, third Vi»- 
cocrirT WBTKOtTH aud first Mabqitis op 
Bath]. Fear of givtoK offence to Cbor«etil 
waa openly statea in the cotamon* to hare 
been the niiniM^rinl mollTn in mrludliti; 
Roehfonl from nny nhnn^ in our diplcimaiic 
relation* with tlio Bourbont (CjIvb:(iiuiii, 



De&aU*. 1943, tj. 191). Tie wa«, bow»r«r, 
movnd to tbe tovtbeVD departaMnt on 1 9 Doc. 
1770, the BromotiflB b«ina> •ffineled hy tamat^ 
of an cicBatti* wUb WDTmoutb, who dif' 
not 'cliiMM to be dtppea tn the t>pMiiBL. 
busineM ' (■£. ir. 171). numeroua nfenme**^' 
to his activity MeMt«lar]r,eapee!ally In refn^ 
men to Iristi al&ira, are oonlained in tbe 
fccood volnme of the ' Darttnouth Paporn.' 
lit connection with ibn 'OonventtOB witr 
Spun' of 1771, the 'London Muaenin' pi 
aecled ita reidcri with a portrait of HocU' 
ford, enf^ravnl by J, Lfidgw, witb tbe l«iteni 
from Gbv, ' Man luajr eecap«< from Rope and 
Gun, but Infamy be ne'er can abno ' (April 
1771). 

In October 1 775, in viowof ibn American 
difficnltie^ Gratton and Kocbford raiianod. 
Th« latter wt» apolfea of next year as lord- 
lieutenant of IreUad, but eTealooUy re- 
ceived, *» a cCDSolation for tbe loas at hia 
•ncrelAryaliip, a pimsion of S.fiOO/. a year 
{Uttrrt 0/ rst,.rgr lit to Lord }i'erli, i. 
ise 92) i tbia wan almnit immediately in- 
cmjud, and on II Jon. 1776n f[ranl pound 
the gratl >enl fur an annuity of 3,320/. pay- 
able quarterly (Oemf, Maf. 177P. p. Hi. A 
good deal of annoyance was cau^d to tbe 
Koi'emmeni at the time of bi« reliremeat by 
hi* malndmilnoM in drawing up a warr&nt 
for the anvst of Stopben Sayrr or Sayrv, a 
batikrr ia tbe Oxford ftoad, l»itdon, who 
publi*hL>d n pampblnt in >«iaoaittflutcn and 
in rindit'iilion of thf liberty of tbe aubjcct." 
Saym evt-nlually brought an action a^nat^ 
the aecrvtary before tbe eoitrt ot common' 
plea* on 37 June I77tl, and Rocliford wav 
cnat in dama^ to the amonnt of IflOOl, 
ilUport of Trial, 1776, fol.) Tbn incident, 
howuvur, won won foimtlfn ; iiix-hfinl w««J 
modi' a ma.ilur of tboTrinily Ilouw, nnd in 
1770 paid a visit to bU eitalea in Holland. 
In April 1778 he made aome overtures to 
Chntham, whicli c»iae to notbiojf (Sr.is- 
kopk). Eln irai ob'cted n K.Q. on 3 June 
177(!. nndii!datSt.()i>ythpfioryon:^S>'pt. 
17HI,afi[e<1 ill, nnd wa> buried at St. Otvth, 
tlie prouertv which bad come to him from 
bis mother'a familv (ee« Wusbt, £t*tT, ii. 
776). 

Rocbford married, in May 1740, Lncy, 
danifhter of lidward Young of n«rnforS, 
Williihire,iiamntime Bath Idnff-of-armt. .She 
bad been maid of lionour to (Juntn ('aroliaa 
wbrn Princess of Wales, nnd (he died without 
isaueontf Jan. 1773, aged GV, and wai buried 
at St. Oaytb (Ltoyd't Eomtitg Po*t, \ Oct. 
1781). Itochford ni bia death bad to dis- 
pnws of a Inndcd property of 2,000/. a year, 
u'hidi by hi« will h* ffuva ax followa: 'To 
Mra. Jobeatona, a woman who lived with 



b F 

..;e 

eh-H 
•nj^l 



A 



Zuylestein 



431 



Zuylestein 



him and bj whom he had two children, Si)Ol, 
k year, and b'u house at St. Oiyth with his 
furniture, plate, and horses. To those two 
children and to another natural child SOOi. 
K j-ear each, and 300/. a year to his nephew 
(his successor in the earldom) : but hlfi lord- 
ahip has entered a caveat to the will and 
thrown it into chancery ' {Genl. Mai/. 17B1, 
p. 493; DBLiSi, Carn-tp. vi. 56), Tbe 

Eriory and tbe bulk of the estates appear to 
are passed nevertheless to the bastard son, 
Frederic Naasuu, who died 'aged 75' oa 

2 July 18J5. He married (,'atherine Rose, 
baronne de Brackell, who had a room at the 
pHory fitted up la her native Svriee style 
with panels in oil-colours rep resentini; Swiss 
dcenory ; she died on 4 Nov. 18.')7. liy her 
granddaughlera a few years later the estate 
at St. Osyth was sold (Grnt. Mag. 1858, i. 
1 U; Etifj- Archaol. Sor. Trans. 1873, v. 45 
m.) The peerage passed to William Henry 
^'assoQ de] Zulesiein, fifth earl of Roch- 
ford, bom at Bendlesham on 28 June 1754, 
being the eldest son and heir of Richard 
Savage Nassau de Zulestein (d. 1760), M.P. 
for Colchester June 17-17-April 1754, for 
Maldon October 1774-1780, and clerk of 
theboard of i^reen cloth. He died, unmarried, 
at the White Hou^e, Easton, Suflblk, on 

3 Sept. li^30, when the peerBge became 
eitinct {cf. Gent. Maf. 18:23, ii. 178^80, 1830, 
ii. 273 J Etfjr Archaiilugkal Soaeiy't Trani' 
artiotu, V. 4S), 

liochford wofl one of the few men of note | 
mentioned by Junius with commendation, i 
If we may believe the statements of an j 
anonymous writer in the ' Gentleman's 
Magoiine' (cf. it. v. 47), Rochford was 
privy to tbe authorship of the Junius letters. 
The writer states that an intimate friend of 
his was kept wailing by him one evening, 
and that wlien Rochford came in be apolo- 
gised for his lateness, saying that it had 
been occasioned by an affair of tbe utmost 
importance : and ho added that henceforth 
no further communication nei'd be expected 
from Junius. The writer gives no date, but 
states tliat after that day no mora letters 
appeared. 

The fourth earl of Rochford is referred to 
in terms of undue disparagement in ^^'al' 
pole's ' Memoirs of the Reigu of George Ifl ' 
— nor does the character tliere given of tbe 
secretary se«m to agree particularly well 
with the facts of his career. W^alpole spuaks 
in his ' Xjetlers'ofRocbford's foppery in 1746, 
when he appeared in a set of birthday clothes 
wiUi the Duka of Cumberland's head upon 



every large plate button; later he admitj 'bii 
person is good and he will figure well enough 
as an amhasaador.' In connection with his 
embassy at Turin he credits him, upon insuffi- 
cient authority, with having been the first 
to introduce Ijombardy poplars on any scale 
into this country. It is true, however, that 
several of these poplars planted about 1768 
are still standing in the park at St. Osyth's. 

There are two fine mewotint portraits of 
Rochford, one engraved by R. Houston aft-er 
Doropiiico l)upra,lbe other by \'al Green aft«r 
Jimn Bapiiate Terronueau (both described in 
Chiloveb Suitk, Calaloi/ue, pp. 582, 684 ; 
cf. Evans, Cat. of Engravrd I'ortrailn, Nob. 
8959-60), and there is u woodcut after Dupra 
in Doyle's ' Official Baronagu ' (iii. 1(34). The 
print-room (Brit. Mus.) has an altractiva 
tnezxotint likeness of ' Bessev Countess of 
RucUford,' engraved by J. Smith after Char. 
D'Agar (1723). George III twice Tisitad 
Si. Osyth, on his way to inspect the camp 
at Colchester, as the guest of the fourtn 
Earl of Rochford. On one occasion the king 
presented tbe earl with two very fine por- 
traits of himself and Queen Charlotte by 
Allan Ramsay; these are still preserved at 
the priory, 

[Collins's Pi'crage, iii. 37A ; Q. E. C[(i1(a;ne]^ 
Complele pBemge ; Burku's Exlim^t Pesrage, 
B.v. 'Narsau;' Walpole's Curresp. ed. Cuaniag- 
bnm, ii. 03, ]£2, 380, 41S. 421, 428, 457, iii. 
27a. 356, 3<t8. ii. 345, 494,500, v. eS-3. 13i . 2eS, 
272, 3S0, 41 1, vi. 27o, 277, vii. 87; StiiBhops'a 
Hist, of England. 1854, v. IBS, ^03. 2)2, 282, 
31S, vi. "1, 224; Leoky's Hiar. of Knglnnd, iv. 
402. 404, 457: Foliticitl MBoioira uf Fruncii, 
fltth Duke of Leeds (Camd. Soe.), 1884, pp. 25, 
34.48; Granville Papers, iii. 230.240; Wood- 
fdll's Junina, 1812. ill. 177: Fititnaurii'a's Life 
ofShBtburuD, 1S7B, ii. 3, 130, 310; Coxe's Ma- 
raoirs of iha Housa of liourLon. iii. 298; Ana- 
Hlrudg's Elis>i!)Dlh FiLmeic. p. 305; Memoirs of 
Augastus Henry, third Dake of Oraftnn, ed. 
Anson. 1S9S, pp. 204, 226, 263 oq. : Lundon 
Miiseuni, Nov. 1770, pp. 371-2; Mulnieibury 
CorrcBp. i. 70 ; Esaoi Archieologicul Sociaty 
TransBCtiuna, 1st sor. v. ; DaTy's Snflalk Col- 
loctiona, II. aST.apad Addit. MS. lP096(fortho 
^iassau fiimily at Eiuton) : Hist, AISS. Comm, 
.^tli llcp App. pp. 232, 2o4. 8th Eep. App, p. 
289. lUth Rep, pt. vi., 11th Rep. pta. v. snd 
vii., 14th Rop. App, I. pp,8aini, 151h Rep. App. 
i. 229 ; Addit. MSS. 82828-3.^ (porroKpondence 
withHoliIcmerae),32724-S3071(eom'Bpondenc8 
with tbe Duke of NewFastlo, 1751-68), 330,16, 
f. 2-13; Egarton M.S. 2038, ff. 20-21 (corre- 
Bpondonee with Sir William Hamilton); E^r- 
ton MSS. 2697-2700 (corresp. \riLh E. Gunning 
at Copanhagon, 1768-1771).] T. 8. 



INDEX 



TO 



THE SIXTT-THIRD VOLUME. 



FAOI 

'Wordinorth, OurleB (IBOS-lSBa) ... 1 

Vordaworth, Chriitopber (1TT4-1B1S) . . T 

WoTdaworth, ChriBtopher (ISDT-IBBG) . . 9 
Wortlsworth. Dorotby (1SIH-1847J. See nuclei 

QailUniui, Edward. 
Woidsoorth, Jolin (IBOS-ISSB). See antler 

WoTdgworth, Chriitopher {1774-1846). 

WordHworth, William {1770-1860) ... 19 

Worgan, John {17a*-17lK)) . . . , a7 

Worlldge or Woolridge. John (Jl. 1M»-IW8) . S6 

Worlidge, TlioniM 11700-1766) ... 88 

Worm»ld, ThocoM (ISOa-lSTB) ... 80 

Wornnm. HaJph Nicholaon (1813-1877) . . SI 

Worsd^e, James {1893 7-1767) ... S3 

Waraley, Charlea(iesa-ISM). ... S3 

Worslej, Edward (1605-1676). . . . BS 
Wonle;, HeniT (IT83-1B30). See nndeT 

Worsley, Sir Henry. 

Woraley, Sir Henry (1708-1611) ... 81 

Woraley, larael (1768-1888) . . . . 8B 

Wor»ley, PhLhp Stmhope (1885-1866) . . 86 
Worsley, Sir lUchud, aeTflnth bunnet (ITGl- 

1805] se 

'Waraley, Wimani{llSG?-ll»g) . . . S7 

Worth, Chsrlea Frederick (18as-1806| . . 88 

Worth, Richard Nicholla (1867-1896) . 88 
Worth, William (1677-1743) . . .89 

WorthingtoD, Hugh(17[ia-1818) . . . SS 

WarthingloD,Jahn{I6I8-167II . . . iO 

Woithington, Thomaa(lG4»-lA33?| . . 11 

Worthington, Thomas (1671-17611 , . . 18 

Worthington.WUliam (1708-1778). . . 11 
Wortley, Stnart-. See Stnart-Wortley. 

Wortiey, Sir Francia (ISgi-lSSa) ... 14 
Wortley-HonUga, Ednrd (1718-1776). See 

Montasa. 
Wortley-HouUgn, Lkd; Uu; {16S»-176a}. 

Bee Houtagu. 

Wotton, Anthony (1BB1?-I8a6) ... 46 

Wotton, Sir Edward (1489-1551) ... 17 

Wotton, Edward (1190-1556) .... IS 
Wotton, Edward, flrat Baron Wotton {1H8- 

isas) 19 

WottoD, Sir Henry (1668-1689) ... 61 

Wotton, Nioholai {1197 7-1667) ... 67 
Wotton, Thomaa {1531-1687). See under 

Wotton, Sir Edward. 

Wotton, Thomas (il. 1766) .... 61 

WottoD, William (1666-1736) .... 61 

Woly, William (17817-1791) .... 88 

WoultB, Peter (1797 7-180S) .... SB 

WoDlfe, Steven {1787-1840) .... 61 

Wni]ghu],Fniici« (1760-1813) ... 66 

TOL, Lim. 



tAOl 

Wratialaw. Albert Henry (1833-1893) . . 68 
Wraiall, Sir Frederic Charlsa IdacelleB, third 

biiroliet (1838-1866) 69 

Wrwull, Sir Nathaniel William (1TG1-I8S1) . 71 
Wray, Sit Cecil (1731-1806) .... 71 
Wray, Sir Chnalopiief {1534-1693) . . 76 

Wray, Sir Chrlatopher (1601-1646). Seennder 

Wray, Sir Chrialopher (1534-16931- 
Wray, Daniel (1701-1788) . .78 

Wray, Sir Dniry (168S-1710). Bee onder 

Wray. Sir Chnatopher (1631-1693). 
Wray, Sir John (1686-166S) .... 78 
Wren, Sir Christopher (1683-1738). . 80 

Wren, Christopher (^1876-1717). See under 

Wren, Sir Chriitopher. 
Wren, Matthew (1685-1667) .... 91 
Wren, Matthew (1639-1673). See imdei 

Wren, Matthew (16«6-1867i. 
Wrench, Beniamiu (1778-1818) ... 06 

Wrenn, Ralph {d. 10931 08 

Wrey, Sir Bourchier(i 1606). ... 98 
Wrey, Sir Boorchier (1714-1784). See under 

Wrey, Sir Bonrchier Id. 1696). 
Wright, Abraham (1611-1600). ... 09 
Wright, Chriatophsr (16707-1606). See 

under Wright. John (1668 7-1606). 
Wrii^Ut, EdiM;ra(1668M616) . .100 

Wrii^Ut. Edward Biohard (18IB-1BS9) . . IDS 
Wnuhl. Furtunatni {d. 1767) . . lOB 

Wtiylit. Ffuiicea (1796-1853). See Dame- 

niDiit, FranctiB. 
Wriglit,Gmn,-cNewenham(17007-lB77) . 101 
Wright. Irhahod Charlee (1796-1871) . . IDS 
Wright, James (1618-1716) . . .106 

Wright, Sir Jaraee (1716-1785) . . .107 
Wright. Julm (16687-16061 . . . .109 
WriKlit.Jijh^i (1806-1848?) . . .110 

Wright, John (17707-1611) . . .111 

Wnglil, John Maaey (1777-1866) . . . IIB 
Wrigl.1, Ji.liii Michael (16957-1700) . . lis 
Wright, John Wealey (176B-1806( . . . lU 
Wright, John William {1803-1818) . . IIS 

Wright, Jowph (1766-1798). See Under 

WriKlht, Mrs. Patience. 
Wright, Jortopli {1784-1797) . . . . UE 
Wright, Lunrenca {1690-1667). . . .118 
Wright, La>vronce{d. 1718) . . . .118 
Wright, L.'oniird {fl. 1691) . . .190 

Wright, s;r Nathan {1661-1731) , . .190 
WriEh[,Mra I'ttienoe (1736-1786). .181 

Wri^'ht, I'uti-r (1608-16611 . . . .118 
Wright, Rictiard (1786-1 776 7) . . .189 
Wriijht, Eiduud (1761-1886) . . . . U8 



434 



Index to Volume LXIII. 



Wriiilit, Botiert (lGIi3?>UM?>. 8m oiid«r 

Wright. RolHrrt ilKOiVtMfl). 
WTwfat. Robcit (iun?-l(>!l(). Sm dndrr 

Wriiilil. KolwtilCOO'lCISt. 
\Ptlgbl. Robut (ICIW-IRiSi . .193 

WriK)i>> oliiu Dnnvon, Bobcrt, Tkllpa Vii' 

MHBrt I>trri>n<k II011-IBT4). Smi UuiTon. 
Wrjsht, »<i Kobon t^ im») . . . ISE 

Writ[ht,»MiiUHl lieS3'1T40) . , . .131 
Wrighi, Thomu <4. 1631 7) . . . . UD 
Wtiit1il,71u<im»i;f.l00i). See •ndcr Wright, 

T!ionii«(J. mat?;!. 

WrlcKThoiDuiJ?. ITtO-lTftOf , . .198 

Wright, TI>(iRiii>i:nS9-IBt{iJ . . . . IM 

Wria)iL,T)iotD4s|lT(l»'l)i7S) . , . .199 

VrigU, TlicmiM USIO-IOTTJ . . . .ISO 

Wriiflit, Tbtimiui I1WI(K-I8a4) . . . .18! 

Wnght, Wdlci RodwcU |<J. UM] . . .181 

Wriifhl, WilliwKlsas-iaSO) . . 18C 

WriE)il,Wil]inm(l-HS-ttll*) . . . . US 

WriKUt, Wilikui I1TT9-1B00] . . . . IBT 

WriiiUt, Wiliiimi ilHSD-Ism) . . . .188 

WciKlit. W>llikim{18S7-l«<K)) . . . .180 

Whclil'lniia. I^^nj. 8m Cnif, Sir t«w!i 

(iwv^ieaa), 

WtJotli>^>lcy, l.'hirtoa asoe7-lClt3) . . .148 

WrintiiF^lfY, H[Aiirr» *?<vn]i] Kui of (kntUi- 

utipion I'lMS-luHll. Sfo uudcr Wiiotim- 

li'ji, Hir Th'imM. flnl Bilniii WrioliiBtlajr 

o( TiichduM auJ Eu) of E«athtm(iUiii 

(isos-lBWi). 
WciothMli!), flMiry, tfairil Eul ol Soathuni). 

lunitSTS-lOSI) 140 

Wriittlitmlvj L mtiET r<iTToctl3r Writh or Wry Uib), 

Sii JofaD (if. 1SU4I 14S 

WriulliHulay (fonDOrljr WciUi}, 8it Tbonuia 

id.Wtij I4T 

n'ricitlifidtiy. Sit Thomu, TinA lUron 

WriolIiMler t>( Titehfield and Bui of 

B'>uthunploa (ItOB-IGKO) . . t4« 

Wrl'itliealry, Thomu, (oufth E«rt ol SonUi- 

ftinpUiniieOT-IMTJ 154 

WriWr, CI it Ifl. leflT-lBW) , . .117 

'Wtob. Joiui ii7H^iMn) in 

WnM.Kicl.ArJi 1(141-1717) . . .180 

Wroth, Sir Kvavs (cL ICTt). Sm wid«r 

Wroth, Sir (tobort. 
Wr^tt,, I^r M«T [fi. leSI) . . . . Wl 
Wroih, 8irItolwn|lSlU?'llH») . . . IM 
Wrvlh, SirTlumtiuiiiaifi-ma) . , .tr.It 
Wroth, Sir TboQUa 11884-1871] . .ICG 

WroIh,VlUlkni|UT9?-l»U). . . IflO 

■WrolliMn, Willivn da id. t91T| .188 

WrotUalcy, giT Jnlin, Bmt lUnin Wrotluloy 

(nil-lUll. Hvir unA-t Wniltmtfy, flu 

Joliii. mx^\S Baron Wrottwlpy I lT8S-18«Ti. 
^V^olU*^'^'. Sit J'^hiJ, xcufiil Baruu WrulU**- 

Iry ll7«fl-l>«;-) ...... 107 

WrM,Mili>y, Sir Walter Id. 1478) . . . 1(IS 
Wrouirliloo. Kiohud (1748-1893) . . .1119 

Wnllbalm [d. 8li> .170 

WoUhar* (d. Bit) 170 

Wnltanlor WilfoTd,R>]ph[l4TIt7-H9a) . 1711 

Wuitmi (5. BBS) na 

Wulfrir, ™ll«a Spot or Sprot (J, 1010) . . 178 

Wnllitaii at WiDclw^tcr |/t. IDOU) . . .173 

WulbUii rd. 10381 . . . . I . .174 

WnlttUll, St.il0ia7-I00E) . . ■ .174 

Wnlfmg or Wulfwy id. 1M7) . . . .170 
W)>tl, Bmijsnun Dhii [I77S'I(UiO ?). Sm 

under WvMt, 3$.mni. 
Wy»ll ot Wj.t, Sir fruieU (1671 7-lWI) . 177 



»I«r ^^ 



Wntt, 8>r H«iuy (iL ISST). Bm ondsr 

Wjatt, SirTfaooiu (ie08?-lG43i. 
Wy^ Knry (ITD^ISIOJ . .178 

Wy*ll,Jun»<174a-|i»18} . .178 

Wyfttt.Johafl700<tTaei 180 

Wy.tl. Johs (1«U>-18T4) I»l 

Wy»ll, Mktlbsw COtM (17T7-U0» . . 181 
Wy«ll, Kir Uatlhair Difby (I»10-18TT> . . 18* 
Wyntt, Hlohwl Jun» (ITBt-iatO) . . 118 
Wriai,>t>rThniniu|lBDil7-lB4ll . .IBS 

Wyatt, Sir Thoinai, the youncM (1S31V 

1I>S4) 

Wnlt, Thomu |t7«»T-1838J. »«■ nndn 

WyMt. Henry. 
Wntt, Thoinu Rmry (UOT-1860) 
Wymt. Williuo (181«-18eG> . . . : 18 
Wyitliilla,KirJ«lIrT<lTeB'lS40l . .18 

Wrtiuni, F«ioeiJ (U88MB0B7). 8m> 

Wlbara. 

Wjeh«, Sir Cyril (1BS97-170T) . . .19 
Wnba, Sir PalW til. 1818} .18 

W»h«, Sir Pgtor (IBSS-lOOan, S«o tmiMt 

WydM, Sit Ttter Id. lau'i. 
Wnli*, Ridiknl io (1 1 1T7 7-iaSB|. Son 

viehui. 
Wy«k«)uuu or Wick^wi*, WlUl«n de (iL 

ISBBi. Sw Widnriui". 
W)vh«rln. Willirun ilOtO?']7tai . ■ .1 

WyoV, John (lOSa-nOOj 

WycliCte. John d. IWM ' 

WvcumlH>. W.Uiiiii \fi. IIBD). Sao WilUani. 
Wyddol, Oaborn (/I. 1»M). 3*e Oabom. 
WydoiilUor WydvUlc. »co WmdviUe. 
Wyd^, Wniiwu at (fi. 1880-1411). Sm 

Wydaw. RobaH (J. 150t) 

Wyw, Bobwt {fi. IS90-11)M] . 

Wyvtli, Jonrli [1883-1781) . 

WyliD. Sir CiiuUi Lcnnoi (181S-1MT) 

Wykqhiun, WiUiwn Crf (l£a4-](01) . 

Wykohwn. or tacm corrsotly Wickhsai 

Witliu»ltS3P-lG9S) .... 
Wyk», Thomu do {JL 13S8-iai>3} . 
Wyld, 3%maa (11»0-U88>. See tmdat WyU. 

Janw* [1U3-1IWTI. 
WtU, Junes (181»-18IIT) 
WyliiD, Kniiry (18S3-18B0) . 
Wylde, John (lt90-l««61. Sm Wild*. 

VTyidc, RiiImm (i«o»-ien). Sm wild. 

Wylir, Alf X4ndn (181fr-ie87) . 
W;1>«, ».r Jnmoi 1 178»-1S84) . 
WYlm.Jitnri Ailkun(]BOS-in») . 
Wylic, Willip™ llowta (II88-18PI). 
WylliB,JohnWUliuniaiKw(IS8B-UTO). 8*0 

ondw Wyllie, Sir Wniiaun. 
WjUiA. Sir WOilMa (1«09~l8n) . 
Wyndhuo. 8m klN Windhun. 
Wyndhtm or Windhun, Sir Chuloi, aocond 

ICul iif RKrvniiml 1 1TI0-I7A3) 
Wyiudhun or Windliam, FrMin* (d. )5M} 
WyniUiuD, Sir Uoorec U'llrlcn, third Ei>rl ot 

Gfrrtmont fl-M-lH^T) . 
WyudhuD, lUnry PcnruddwilEO (I-JC-ISIOJ 
Wynilhun, 8ii Iliiijh (IROS ?-16»t) 
WyndhftDi. Sir John 'd. VM). 9ea uader 

Wjiiilham, ThimiM |lG107-lGCa). 
Wyndhun. Robert Henry (1814-1894) 
WyniUiun,TliaiUM(U10l'-ttG3) . 
Wiadhftm, Thomw, Baron Wyndhun ot 

Fiwluo (10B1-I74S) . 
Wyndbun, 8>i Widhun (letO-lOesj 
WyadhoDi, Sir WiUiua (II5B7-I740) 



k^ 





Index to Volume LXIII. 



435 



I 



I 

I 

I 



VTndbam-Qniii, GJiriD Richard WinJliBdi, 

UurtI Kul u( Dunnvfn (ISlft-IHTl). Sm 

Quin. 
Vriitonl, 6ttt Bufln. Sw Btt, VlUUm 

]>l«I>«l (IfeT-lMS). 
Wjmn. Sm alio Wtium. 

■Wynii, Churl** Wiltiii Wnimmi (177E-1S80) 851 
Wjnn, ChmloHo Williimo llWI-ltWS) . . tM 
Wjiii". Sir HtTiiy Wttkm WiUiunii (l"88- 

lOSS) ........ SM 

Wfiin, Sir John (I6B8-ieM ... . . Wl 

Wmn, 8>r Rinlmra (it I«S). 8** enilet 

Vf jmn. Sir John. 
WirnTi, !4ir Walkiu Williiiniii, Uiinl Luoiiol 

(lGW4-n»li] ....... !U9 

Wp.ii. Wiiuujn linn ?-i7ai) . . . . aw 

WjQDo, F.dwLuii I17«t-ljet) . . . .MI 
WVdiui, Elli« UB71-17BII . . . .Ml 
Vrfin»,Jc>hi>[lllll7-114BJ ... . 9U 
: Wjniu, Jabn UnddlMtone <1T1*-1T««] . . 9ns 
I !<!ann*> Vunn Riolwrd Colvtn (1813-1879) . GOt 
'WnuM, WUluni Vtikin Edmuit (IWI-IHaO) SSt 
WrniijUo, niomw (ItTS'lflS*). 8*c Wln- 
nifle. 

c,Aiidn«(lHl»-l8T«) . . 36S 

l|«tBirWilUua(il. IteD). S«d WinUr. 

ttoQii,AfidK*o[(isu>7-iiaa7) . . sea 

WjiiT»n). Robartlftinry (18oa-l»0*t . .987 
VvDMit, Ninimi (IblH-iaV-J). Snr Wini«t. 
■Wyon. AlbcJ Bcnjunin (I»a7-WHHI. Soo 

undvT VTyim, Jixwiili Sh*)iliard. 
Vjon, BeD]umii<li101I-lHSH). . . .968 
'WTon, 0*nTi« id. 1790). Sm under Wjon, 

TlMoiaa, the ridsr. 
Wtob, Jowph Shrphsrf (1S3S-18T3) . . 9M 
WjoH, F.»m>Lrd <:l<i>(l'<>' (l«iatl-18ai) . . aSB 
Wiroii. Thomiui. tlio youngor (ITUS-IHII) , SOS 
Wjoii, ThoitiM. ll.r ■■liliT (1707-1880) . . 980 
Wtoji. WIUi»DH17Bi~lMl) . . . .370 
WyrfHh'r.ViMliuiilltlS-USA?). SmWm- 

™«lcr. 
Vjtl-y. Willlkm |lliflB-lBl§) .... 971 
Wrwv Kkpolmn Mttrd Boiitmrtv (183A- 

IBSfi). Sm undin Wyis, Glr Thomu. 
5fyw, Sir Tlinioax (nOl-lSBS) . 9TS 

Hrji*, Willuun Chnrlci Bonitiatt» (leSC- 

lOM). Sm uiidur Wjiie, Sir TliQiuw. 
WjrthciM or Witheai, Sir FnuiciB (tSSI?- 

170*1 BT6 

Wyvill, Sir Chri.U>i>h<>r (lBI4-IflJaTI. Sm 

Dndac VjiiU. Chnttflphcr 11710-1838'. 
WrTi1l,Cliriiilo|'liiir<l7t(i-lf«(Ui . 37B 

VynU,Chmto|>hDr(l-;u-j-lVW) . . .aw) 



r 



T*Um, Thonuu (iCTO-nw) . . . . »1 

T>I*,Blihu(I«t»-tiai) 9sa 

Tkla, Thomu llClia?-IS-7l . . . . IM 
YkUop, Kdmrd (it. 179T). S*»Sp«linui. 
TuiMmo(,Folii<l'*KI-l«lti), 8mJ«iu««wk 
T4ringean,Koti«rt|rf. 1001) . .984 

TarmoDUi. BmI oi. 8m Pktlon, Bobut 

<10I-lGe8). 
Y»rnioDth, CeonlHi ol. E)«« W>J1mnd«ii, 

Anutlio Sophie XariAtiiio (1701-1 TCf;. 
Yuntiilon. Andivw fiaiO-lOSI ?} . .981 

Ykrrel1,Willi<imil7HI-1HG«) . . . . 9MI 
Y«UH.K<lma»dllSBt-lSfil| . . .387 

Yfel«. Mn. BUuboUi (1700-1000) . . .900 
Yfctes FrodDtich Henry (1707-18«) . . SBS 

Yem,Jiun*K(/. 1M9| 901 

T«tM,JuaN(17Ci9-lB71J . . . . 3VS 



Yetiiii, Joltii (fl. 1619-iaeO) .... 990 
Yatoa, Sit Jowpb I17W-1770) . «1 

Ykt**, JoM]>h BK»ln (ITAO-IDSG] . .St* 

YktH. Un. Van Ana (17S»-17S1] . , 9«S 

Yiito*.H!abud(170er-17DSI . . . BOI 

YulM, Rinliud (ITOO-UM) . ... 801 
Yatc*. Williun (iTOS-lSia) .... SO* 
Yiulny, Pruidt (>t. UOS] .... SOS 

Yokhun.rctcrori/iaM?). Sw Inklism. 
Ym, Lacy WalMr Oiloa (1MW-18SS) . . 808 
Y«nnan(,Hir Johii(lCI07-ie71) . . 8OT 

Ycwnan* or Yoonum*. BotMVi (.J. 1819) . . 808 
Y«itnilrv, SirOenx* (1U07-I88T) . >0H 

Y»i^lev,JohnllTSa-18S8l . . . . SOO 
Y«uiil«y, Hn. Ann (I7E&-IAU0] . . SIO 

YeuatcT, JuDM (laoC-THCDj . . ,811 

YfttbM, TbomM (1788-1809) . . .011 

Yi«bt,OnnllHitid (177^1880) . .811 

Teldud, Arthnr (J. lfi»l . . .818 

Yrflolr,.I<ilm(177t-lfll9l . . . .81* 
Yclvrrlwo. Bmtj, flril ViKSunt Aionnor* 

(iiaa-iBOBi sH 

Yeliprkm, 8>rChii>tophcr[lE3G?-l(!ia| . HIS 
Yolnrton, Sir Henry linn(V-lR9») . . 81A 

Y«l>anon,tlirWi|]iun<110O?-l<71?) . .818 
YelTBtton, Williun ChirlM, fourlli Viscount 

AvoBmora (ieu-188i) S18 

TM>,SirJaDHiiLiiou|178a-iei8) . .819 

Ym, BIcbud (d. ITTS) 810 

Y(fl««ll,J<une((18ini?-]87£| . . gU 

Yntcr, tori. Hm Uty, WUIiun (d. 1870). 

Ynela. HHnryda(rl, IIOD) . . .881 

Ynn, Bnah «1. IGW). 8m Inae. 

YoDuul. Williiun |IH1<>-18«I) . 

YonR. 8co Yonjfc and ToDM. 

Yang, John lit, IKOi), Sm MorEen. 

Yongs. 8« aJKi YoDOB. 

Yenc*. aiuU* DuW (t«l9-18ai} . 

TongB, Sii Ovorgo, Url. (1781-18)9) 

Yoaga, JamM or John (jt. 1198) 

Yonge, Jtime* (1«16-I7*I) 

Yonge, JunsD 11794-1870} 

Ynnga, John ll«e7-lSla> . 

Yongo, John (lta»-lG9d) . 

Youga, NicbulM (iS. IfllSI 

y™KP,Thomiit(110ST-ll70). 

Yungf.WJWr (11181 7-ltilB| . 

Yongc, Hit Willikm (d. 17St) . 

York. See »tM York*. 

York, Dnkn of. Sm Luielor. Edmund do 

(lSll-ll01);-PUnUgiinal.'KdwutlllH737- 

Ulif. Richanl I llll-iltilli; Richnni (11T»- 

tlt«9] 1 JunM n. King 01 EngUiii) (ICOO- 

1701). 
York and AUienj', Dtdtcs of. Son Emcil 

Anni>taariS7(-179a); Frsdnick Aotuttoa 

11788-1897). 
Yorh, Do«beH of. Sm Hyde, Anna (14137- 

1871)- 
York, Cudiiul at 8m Bcnry Bvnnliot 

Harik Clanunt (1798-1807]. 
York. Sir John (rf. IGSOT) ... .04 
York. Hlr Blchud (J. I(«8). Sm ander York, 

Sir John. 
York. LantMiM (Ie87-1TT0) . . .8)8 

York. Rii^liud »f,Eul ut Ceinliridge (<{. lUO). 

9or Ricliard. 
York or \.,r)u; Rotrtand (if. 1B88) . .881 

York, Waiiinn of iJ. 1908). 8m William. 
Yorko. C^bulu (1739-I7T0) . . . . 8»T 
York...i<iT{:hiulm(179l>-l8flO) . . . 8M 
Yorko, Cliulo Philip (1701-1831) . . , Stl 





«« 



Index to Volume LXIII. 




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Toaag^n^aatint-MW) . 
Taa^naaw(IT»-UaS) . 

T«a^WtlliaB(Aieu> 

TsvoK. Sv mniaK, Hrao-I Uraatt (1T4^ 

UlSi 

Ycsi«. S.r Willtua ilTH-lS31> 

Tocnc Sit Wilbftm |1TW-1«»TI 

V iw:-.i.^>.f«..«-iM) SmPoml 

Tow«BerT«u«B*cbriUI.lM»-WWj .109 



Zowtei, B4>wl b, •UiraUi B.K.II Zo<k1h 
of MlilfiKtt (UMNUW) . . <U j 

2fl>cfc^itfiTiii(m»-i«ni ■ . • .«it' 

Zmc^ « CmA. Villka k OT d* k (A 

UW) t»l 

Z aBMwOi Of ITnaihiini, Fwbbum (im- 

nw) <s 

Zaeew«t Zacfeafo, or ZoocbciOa Podedn 
iUWNUWt US 

B i ttu AawK> PiMn rine-nM) . . tu 

AakatePMtD. 
T a t w la t . J«ha BanMaa [1M«-1MSI . . 434 
TTiiliilik. Frrfwicfc Khimd ^ (IMS-Un^ 
tin ■iiiIb TTimIiiIiiii hi Triwliiii. TTiTliMU 
Baaiy, Int Eul a BocUnri {U4S-11W}. 



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Zq*MMSn«dKisk ECmmb ^ duid 

i4 ik^Md (iffs-insi- st« Date' Zi 

Sol •( BMUilid iiju-inv). 
I giyliMiia«r tttli1»i». WIBka amir. An* 
I BMlatBMUiKddMS-ITn) - . «M 

ZortMlMB «r liOtattiB, WiHiun Howt 

ptuiM dtl tourthkari of RaeUota 

tiTtf-mi) 

tmjttttim or Znkilain, WHIiua "■■■■n dc, 
ace^ Bui of BocUbrl (im-1110). S«* 
Bndcr Z«r)Mtaa «r ZnlnUl^ W3lbB 
Haorr, Int Bwl of RocUocd (IM»-lTm). 



END OF TBE SIXTY-THIRD VOLUME.
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