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DICTIONARY 



OF 



NATIONAL BIOGRAPHY 



ESDAILE FINAN 



DICTIONARY 



OF 



NATIONAL BIOGRAPHY 



EDITED BY 



LESLIE STEPHEN 



VOL. XVIII. 
ESDAILE FiNAN 



MACMILLAN AND CO. 

LONDON : SMITH, ELDER, & CO. 
1889 



I J/ 









f-i 



II V 



LIST OF WEITE3ES 



IN THE EIGHTEENTH VOLUME. 



B. A KoBKHT Anblow. 

T. A. A. . . T. A. AscHER. 

G. F. R B. G. F. BossELL Bahkkk. 

P. A. B. . . P. A. Babnett. 

B. B The Bm. Eokaid Batnb. . . 

T. B Thomas Batne. ',-• ' 

W. B-E. , . William Batne. 

C. B. .... Pbofsssok Cecil Bendau, 
G. T. B. . . G. T. Bettant. 

A. C. B. . . A. C. BicKLET. 

B. H. B. . . The Bet. B. H. BLACtEB. 

W. G, B.. . The Bbt. Pbotessob Blaiiie, D.D. 

G. C. B. . . G. C. BoASE. 

E, T. B. . . Mis8 BEADr.ET. 

E. H. B. . . R. H. Bhodib. 

A. H. B. . . A. H. Bdllhn. 

G. W. B. . G. W. BoBMEiT. 

J. B-T.. . . James Bubitlet. 

E. C-H., . . ^DV.M Cakkak. 

H. H. C. . . 3- HaMKBBS CaiCHBSTEE. 

J. W. C-E. J. Willis Clabe. 

A. M. C. . . MiBB A. M. Clbbkb. 

T. C Thompson Coofeb, F.8.A. 

C. H. C. . . C. H. CoOTE. 
W.P. C... W. P. CotjoriTET. 

C. C Chablbs Cbeishtok, M.D. 

H. C. . . ■ . Tki Bet. Pbofxssob Cbeiuhtun. 



L, C Lionel Ccst. 

J. D Jameh Dijon. 

K. D BOBBBT DuNLOP. 

P. E Francis Esfinasse. 

L. F LoDis Faoan. 

C. H. F. . . C. H. Fibth. 

J. G. F. . . J, G. FOTHEBINOHAM. 

R- Q RicHAKD Gabnett, LL.D. 

J. T. G. . . J. T. Gilbebt, F.S.A. 
E. C. K. G. E. C. K. GoNNKB. 
G. Q Gordon Qooswin, 

A. G The Ret. Alexandkb Gobdon. 

R. E. G. . . R. E. Geatm. 

W. A. G. . W. A. Gbkenhiix, M.D. 
J. A. H. . . J. A. Hamiltom. 

B. H Robert Habbisok. 

W, J. H. . . pRopESsoB W. Jekohb Babbisok. 

T. F. H. . . T. F. Henderson. 

R. H-e. . . Thb Ret. Richard Hooper. 

J- H Miss Jennbtt Homfhbets. 

R. H-T. . . The iath Robert Hunt, F.R,S. 
W. H. ... The Ret. William Hont. 

B. D. J. . . B. D. Jaceson. 

R. J. J. . . . The Bev. R, Jbnkin Junes. 
H. G. K. . . H. G. Keenb, CLE. 

C. K Chables Kent. 

J. K Joseph Khiobt. 



vi List of Writers. 

J. K. L. . . Pbofksbor J. K. L&uohtox. 

8. L. L. . . 8. L. Lm. 

W. B. L. . . The Rev, W. B. Lowth«h. 

G. P. M. . . G. P. Macdokkll. 

M.^. ... JEsKAH Maceai, LL.D. 

W. D. M. . The Rbv. W. D. Macrat, F.S.A. 

J. A. F, M. J. A. Fdixkb Uaitland. 

C. R. M. . . CLgHKNTs R. MARkHAM, C.B.. F.H.S, 

C. T. M. . C. Thicb Martik, F.S.A. 

L. M. If . . . Miss Middlbtok. 

CM OOBHO MOKKBODSB. . 

N, M NoBMAJT MoouK, M.D. 

A. T. M. . . Arthur T. Mtkrs, M.D. 

A. N Albbrt Nicholson. 

T. The Rbv. Thoscas Oldbn, 

T. P The Rev. Thomas Parkinsus. 

J. F. P. . . J. F. Patkk, M.D. 

G. G. P. . . The Rmt. Cakon Pshht. 



R. L. P. . 


. R. L. Pools. 


J. M. R. 


. J. M. Rioo. 


C. J. R. . 


. Tbb Rkt. C. J. RoBiMaOH. 


J. H. B. . 


. J. Horace Rouxd. 


a. B. S. . 


. O. Babnktt Skith. 


L. S. . . . 


. Leslie Stephkk. 


H. M. S. . 


. H. Morse SrKrHKN.s. 


C. W. S. . 


. C. W. Sltton. 


ir. R. T. . 


. H. R. Tbddkr. 


T. F. T. . 


, PRot-BssoR T. F. Tout. 


J. T-i_ . . 


. JoKF Ttndali, F.R.S. 


E. V 


. The Rev. Canox Venables. 


A. V. . . . 


, AlSAOER VlAW. 


A. W. W. 


. Pn<n-E890K A. W. Ward, LL.D 


M. G. W. 


. Thb Rkv. M. G. Watkins. 


F. W-T. . 


. Fbaxcis Watt. 


w. w. . . 


. Warwick Wroth. 



DICTIONARY 



OF 



NATIONAL BIOGRAPHY 



Esdaile 



Esdaile 



'^Ud OMmerist, «lde«l *on r>f tli*! IWr. Dr. Kitf 

duUtmiV^nh, WM born M Montrose 6 Feb. 

IBW. AA«r the usual Efhool e<Jii(.-»tion bv 

tuJiMl DiMlicmL' at Edinbnr^h Unircmty, 

\*ni gredaaXeii then as M.l>. in i>*W. From 

I Vi^liooil ktit liuuTB had bLt'o d<-licaU>, autt lii> 
VKs cnnMM)ut»ulIj r^couiiiMnidud to ■ILumpt 
mrrfifl pructic" in h warm climate, lie oo- 
UiiikI n tnedic-a] appoistmont in tbe sorvivo 
i>f tliQ Iv-tJil In<liB ('iin)]mnv, and rfiachtid 
(.'aK-iiilA in July 1^11. n>< vaa atatraned 

I in the lleneal pit«id<>nc\, «nd fur four ywuK 
^, ,.. , „ Fi..!.Ti- nf hi^ry worlf. At the eiuJ of 
: , bi' brobe down, and went od 
■■ lut I wo years u\A a liidf. K'> 
hail [ittliic* and many imoreste, and 

Ifa-. - ijil and lively account of this 

litttj; lioliiiuv yLftUre from the lieJ Sea, 
Ey^l, aMd'thf i'vntiitenl, Caleutla, 183H), 
IB which he visited Egvpt and luly. Hi- 
rMum«l tM Calcutta in Suvouibcr L&^.aiid 
ITM eodu afl'Tn-ard.-t [lUt in charfft^ of the 
lifl«pital ai Hiriglily, ultoul twualT-tivL' milft- 
oot-' ' ' ' iiita. He (iMcnltestha |)lace ait 
aw ' i oWiirt> villflffe, bat was very 

b>i>Y "> '>- jTort-Mional woTK, and new ami 
nicViiet-U'l int<-^■•Uff^tdtt)l]ly absorbed him. 
Hi V ' i lii(l<?of mpsmerism.'butonly 

ter **ys 'from tlie nt.-wsnBpori<,' 

Tfc' ■: dwloTBtion of Dr. Elliolfon, 

in ' in oration of I83S, thflt b« 

ah. I Uuneolf if Iw denicxi tb» tnilb 

of .' ric {ilwunnutna, uuulc a coa- 

Mi1 ; r>^ivioa on Esdaile. Iln bad, 

■1 any ono mo«npri«('d hi— 
■im-^nt Iiims4rlf,nn 4 April 
1 n 1 ' f of middle ojpe, wh<> 

Ku < Miolypainfid surgical 

(t|^' I 1h> pain wu moot severe 

an-t .'ion waa caai[^«te, itoc- 

eii'- - lu LrytoaMHlwthu puieatliy 



the'mveiiKrwmssett.' He madu tli« aitfimpi: 
jil<M<lilv, and altxr mtof- timt< induced a con- 
dition of det'p sipcp, in which lui> pat!r;nt vraa 
qui[» indifri<r><nt lo slinrp pin-pnckit on tli« 
hands ami Yery mronjrly [ninfjcnt solution of 
ammouiu in the mouth, la. tbu njiiuion of the 
Kn^Uth jildgf and collector who wilntMyod 
and wrote Uieir 8i.!paxai« ftoeouiit.s »f tlia 
M«tto,tb«r«wa«'a complete sus)nni«icMiof wn- 
Mbiliiy TO o.<(t«niiiI imprv^oos of the Rioat> 
painful kind.' A wmkU tRtLT(ll A (inO Evdaile 
vivni a etvp further and moKmerisM the Mine 
mtitmt hi^>t(>n-th«M)cund«ndsiitiilaropentioD. 
Tho roan ri°adily bdcame nnronsciouii, ghownl 
no xymplotn« of pain during the o]ioration, 
antl wh<>n he wnk.> [liirtvcn liourfi lftt*>r was 
quite unaware ihal anything bad bi-ou done 
to him. Thi«c r«>»ulta were first nritiit:^ in- 
the 'Imlin Jrtunin! of Mwliral and Phvuical 
Scu^nce," Mov 184.% iind eviAmw of oimilar 
unuwlhvaia in umputatioii of tbt! Arm and 
»omi.- mnior Huiyicul oiH-rations qnickly fol- 
lowed. The mieuioal prew di-clnn-d that E«- 
dailu muct have beuo very eoaity dujwd. 
Neither Kadailn nor hln mtic« were aware of 
the position eetablielied in the ' Neurynno- 
logy of Jamra Bniidrq.T.]in IHf^. K'»uaile 
was^enerallyreganleaasan eminently hottMt 
and practical enthumast. After the iinl year 
of this mMmeric pnurtice ho bad nrcumulat^-d 
more than n hundred ca^s of tlioMi anaes- 
thetic o]i«rat)nnf>, and n>porled tlio rvsulti* 
to tbe gOviTninvut, wbi:i\iup"n the ileputv- 
govpriior of ilt>n|^al, Sir lltrlitTt Maddoclt, 
uppuiuted as a fiisttest acommilt^of M;ri-)i 
■nt>nibiT>, four nf wbom were medical men, 
ta teyart on Eedaile'a mrj^oal operations. 
After some careful iorflstigaiionotninoopu- 
ntioQs they drew up a very fsvourable do* 
KiiptioD, followed bv the coDctuntua that it 
wad ' incumbent ou tlie government to ofibrd- 
to Uicir lOAious »Bt\ mvritorious officer [Dr. 



\%' 



Esdaile 



Esdaiie 



Efdnilo] xucli UMstuica lu nmy forililAtA litit 
inTfJitigatiMis.' Accordingly, in XovcmbtT 
184^, • small bt»[iilit1 in Cnlcuttn wim put 
nl him dinoMl hy the i^ortrnnK'nt. for a year 
•llw&tofexpenmcnl. Medical visitors w(,>n> 
appointMl by ih." iKpiity-^iremor ftf ll.:-ii(rn.l. 
•nu tUu Loapiuil wu opcu to th« publie. 
Kailaile directed that all the mcamenMtion 
eliould U; iH-rf'>rm<.<(l by hijiuativo«ervanii«un<l 
(ln;«Mn iii lite Ii'}«]>Uiil, and referred all bis 
•trt-nfUthforllie [i^'iipnil direction of the plan 
and Itiv perfortuann.- of (liu opitntiva^. Ditt 
pnx-c*.* of lat-sin.irisat ion was ofU'ti l.^iou.«, 
and oecaBioiially Ik stcd otlt largv parts of ton 
or l.wi'IviTdiivsl^^torftpntipnliiwvri.'Considiinsl 
to \iC completely prolected apainat pain in a 
KrioiiB operiktioii ; »oinotime*. howifver, fliis 
condition was Tv«clie<l in lialf an hour. The 
Diporl of tlie inwlical risilorx at tin? *nd of 
the jrcftrCIlMctDhcr 18J7)n-a.<iliat cotnplolo 
iiiMiL*ibilily to pain wa* prtxluci^ by inea- 
mcrism in the iuo><;t scvtro oprration^, and 
that its iniluviiov in rt-ducing thv rhook of 
the operation wail dwidedlyfavoumble, Th* 
new govefnar-pmenl, I^nl DuUiousie, Tory 
soon aftor hi« arrirnl in India, in Jantuirv 
181**. ronjrratwlatod Eatlailr^ on his wirirMs, 
in which he showt-d a lifvlon^ interest, and 
at onco promotM htm to V prc«id«iU7 «UT> 
gi^ii (cf. Lord Dalhousie'a letter in Mominff 
ChnmicU, 14 Anp. I^-jC). E«dai1« waa tho 
youngest eurgc-ou who could bav<! hi>ld the 
pla€«, aitd it is a poat that generaUy leads 
to n furtunvfrom privaiu proctico. Tuiewatf 
\\\i> ouluiiiiatiog point of ISMlail«'i caraer. 
Within the wm« year (1848) the n»e of 
chloniform ami elhi>'r aw anansthntinn was )i»w 
irinninp^ in India. Ksdsile f^lt the imprii- 
dencQof«b«aty adoption of chloniforin under 
all cirraimatancnN, inivjimiich int thrrt' rmild Ui 
tittle donhtthat occasiDiially ilo dan^rs wure 
great«r than thi>?i< of mcMm^nmi, and in 
India its nwullii might b*> only a little moro 
Oertain. He stayed on in Calcutta for lhr<>e 
mom years, ncplwtinjT his oppsrtunitif^K for 
making; a Iftrjr» prirale praeliw, tliotiifh tie 
was still fiirthor promotvd to be marine sur- 
gMu ill 1850. IIi-< iiitur<.-«t in uiusin>.>rism 
conlinned to bo vi'ry k&en. For thc»«' who 
held aloofeulirt'ly he fxprcssed soma ripirous 
(.'ont^inpt. Thi- nntivir* had much niffnril for 
him. They found (hat be (>u(^ci>»^fully ni- 
t«m tited the renio%*al of t umoiirs in elephan- 
tiaaia weighing up to 7} stone, upon which 
other aut^EWHis declined to operate. Ln all 
hfl records SOI painlMaoporationsof hi« own 
under mennorirai, wow veiy sevri-, with a 
death-rate of about 5^ per c*nt. ]l« left 
Calcutta I June 1851, ut soon njt bis twitnty 

J 'ear* of aervice w«re up, though he waa only 
or^-iLhree, ' lor,' to usu his own irorda, ' I 



delestud the clituatv, the <-ountrv. aud 
its ways, from tbr> tnomrnt t 6rst act foot i 
it,' Il« wt^nt I" liv nrar IVrtb, d< 
any further profi-isional prMticp, and 
timij occupied himself in recordinff ad3H 
plaininj^bisMKCdoingn. When thcAmrrici 
Congrcte in 18<V1 offered a priie of n buudr 
thousand dollani to the discoverer of the am 
theiic powertof L-i ber, d'-scrilii>4j a* tho lau-lwn 
anaestbetic, bv nddn?ii!ted to tbi' oon^Tf^s an 
iodiiniant prolt>^i<t, not claimlnjf th>* di" 
but dvnyiu^' that t.nherpt\\:'.-d'.'i me^mvrii 
After hifi ft-tuni he aouiflit relinmenl, aad Id 
Indian Euccnees were uttio known. Iletri- 
a few mMimtiric oxpcrtmiuitH in Sotllnnd, ail 
came to the conclusion that they were un- 
duly exhniislinK to himself, and that onli 
'the depr&tsing influence of dL'^eaM will 

found to reduce Europeans to t he iiopreaail 

condition of th« nor%-otu syitem ao cummun 
among the eastern nationa.' In hia donc*- 
tic lifo he bad bad many troubles. Uit 
flret married bcforeIeaviu(.'fur Lidia \n\l 
and bi» wife ha<l died on the rnrage out. I] 
married n Aeconil time, and sumred a si'Tot 
lowi. .Xftrr a third inarriaj^, in IWiVI, 
wife aurrired him many yearn. He had 
children. In the later years of his lif« 
found 8i*olland t''>o cold n I'limnlt^ for 
health, and came lo live at SYdt:uham,wli 
he died 10 .Tan. lS.'>9. aged oO. 

Hi* published bookit consist of the follffii^ 
inp: 1. 'Letters from the lied Sea, Eg 
and the f'ontinent,'CalcullA, 1839. i. 'Wl 
meriir Facta, mporlt^I hy Jamea E«daile, M.ll 
Civil AsaiFtani-Surffeon,' Hooffhlyi 18-|.'j(i 
prtnlnd from * India Journal of Modtcnl 
Phwifal .Science,' vol. iii. No^. Ty, 6, I84li 
3. ' Mesmerism in India, and its Practical 
.Application in Piirgery and Mi'dicine,' Ijin- 
don, 1846. 4. 'A R«ord of Caai'H ireali: " 
in the Memneric Ilospital, from Nomml 
ISIfi to I».-o'-mher 1*17, with Reports oft 
CJfticial VisifoTd. I*riiiteii by order of tfc 
OoTcmmpnt,' Calcutta, 1847.' .5. 'A 
of my Koviowcrs,* Calcutta, l.'?4S(nJl 
from ibe'India Hc^tistor of .Medical 1 
vol. i.) 0. ' lliu luiroduction of MwK 
aa an Ann-iilheiic and Cumtive AgenI 
the H'ispitaU of In(iia,'Prnh, Ia52. 7. '1 
Itirnl anil Mt'Him-ric Clairiiivnnre, with \\ 
I'raclical Application of Mesmeriam in Si 
gery and Medicine,' London, 1S62, 

^r^ny art-iclcs and li-tt.r» w.-re puliliahri 
by tb'taewho sympatUtAc-d with him in Kc 
land : the chief of these are to he found 
lh« 'Zuist,' 1*40, xiv. 103, iv. 2*1, 41! 
lKi7, xvi. firtl; Irt4«, xxli. 1; \>>VJ. X%\\ 
303; 18.W, XXX. 18flj 1851, ssxiv. llj 
»)8; ]8A», xJ. 4l», xlili. 304; 13&4, 



Esdaile 




[Best >1m KkIuIs'b owu wriiiuirs sod th« Go vtrn- 

tniuit Itrtmna af 1847-1*. the chief autboriues 

■- •■'■-ri DomMMn. ISift-iil (among 

uita ^elitfarano and Military 

•.. l,i April. 9, 13. 16, 38, 20 May, 

a lUKl 10 Juae; Ucii^iil Uiirkaru, i Juno 1840; 

BambaT D'-ntonlbly Timoe. 19 Oct, and 1 Nor. 

'Uslhi (iMetlP. 11 Jan. 1SI8; EvtMn 

3 iutin 1848; laAin, tlesi^ttr <'>' niAdioil 

n-w. I84S. pp. 51, 55. 7». 7fil-'l ; Cjitcntbv 

10 Jan and il Fob, 1850; Itcmbay M«lieal 

- '-•! : ('iilcttlln Miiniiii]^ Chrti* 

Inttwluclwrv Ijedurii al 

Mi-iie by l)r. AlUn Webb, 

iunlh llcporl. ul Landun Miisf 

nc ■, LoadoD, 1859; aiul ;>riva;u iu- 

(oroijii i.-i.; A. T. M. 

ESDAILE, "WILUAM (17.W-1RS7), 

lit collw-'tor, fourth »on of Sir 

, knight, of Great finish, T-]*- 

au 1 I'lri mayororLondon,l)^bis»ecand 

wife. Mary iloyor, was bom Fob. 1768. 

He rectfivfd a ix>uuu(>rcial education, and 

house 
80 Sir 
Jhti xraainduowl brhinNm-in-law, 

Sir 1. ,, 1 Ilammet, M found with him 

n ni-n' luitikin^ bunim-uf. and on its formation 

"^^'illiiim Ksdailpinmst'>^mvihiBsi;rviceslothe 

l>dail«, IFiimmot, 3: Co., 21 Lom- 

■'t. l\'\A Mn thus (lc»cnb«a him in 

A pnraie journal : ' Last but aoi least in the 

welfare of th<? iNinccm cam«> W. j^daita, the 

of bustuei^s ; [>erch{.-d oa a high eiool ho 

to bn s«n intvnt o:i llio uko\ emeiit.a of 

ouMhiut;; liiirdly rvgardjiig thoso who 

oatnv lulo the partwrs' ofliCR lut wan ab- 

anrbfd in hiij laek. He bad neither talent 

Di>r incliiiatiuu for c<>nvi-n>iition im p-ui.Tal 

i' ' , and be knpw little or nnthing at 

>- |>«a9iii»; out iif bankini^ bours.' 

ni-iw prrtijHtfi'ii unJi.T hi* earn, (lud, 

Qiouoy al hii) D>iniDiuid, Iwlnile 

'' ■ "oojK- of hia taetes, and beffun 

I'-ntif print*. Hi* wirlitT piir- 

(larini; uud ch«sp, but, diiitru«I- 



waA Itluix-d iLi a clerk in the bankins-t 
of 1 - •'•- • ■ & Co. In or about 1>8 



I findiiu' 
[-«n.| -■ 



ia^ hm i>wii jud^rm«<nt, ht^ pngap^d a profca- 
^.■iiin? rn.i-t;(Nt. M'-< '<tti;iani«a by whom he 
iiictiiina in London. 
IS- bulk of hii) culli'c- 
iy pmv'luwttl, aa nppor- 
, cliina, booka, and the 
'fib KM I {-room. Towarda 
I hi" lifi,', wht-n hia mind 
iig u^, ho ubaodonetl bis usual 
* a|iont nn a Urae and Mmo<imM 
Lily In iiiQ advanta^ of 
I nas cnnKiderrd oao of 
TJji.:it<;'m EujrliLiid. lti\-aasobl 
dr-atb, Ibr Milr •-il.'iulinf^ oter lix- 
ilaya. 'Vhc fh'vvt altnL-iiuiui wrrc the 
ry complet*! ««t of ItenbrunOL elchiutfsawl 



Esmonde 

Claiulo dmwtnge, which G»dailu hud bought 
ou tba diMjKOval of Sir TbnmaH liuwn^tnce'n 
iwnflcti>)i),and alarffp seloriion from thi* brat 
work of tbuv-irly llaltim i-ngTavrra. In 1^25, 
being' th^^n Hixty-4>igbt, F><dail« look hi.s ftrst 
trip abroiBd, visiting It air, and was so pk-aaed 
with the exptrim<:-iit tliat be rtiH-att-d it two 
yean later, la ItUJ, oa rciurniug to his 
nmdeiioj at Clapham from I>uTcr, bu waa 
wi»Hi with A (Inti^Tou.t malarial fi^Tcr, but^ 
though her«covcred bis health, hewasa^rvr 
a^in ablt (o att/^nd tobuflinl^sso^toltlanag» 
bis property. li'.> lu-ii Ixt rvud nor wrote, and 
apont the whole dav in overlooking hi* col- 
Iwtiou of prime, llo paasod the winter of 
18^^-ti at Komi^ and Naplf-i, but after hia 
rutum his conetituti<m be^a to gradually 
linMik up. Hv wiL* r^intineil to bw bed for 
niuH manthi, and, dyini; iit (.lanhnm, 2 Oct. 
IH37, was iKiried m Uunbill Fields. Tho 
bnnking^hotuw of Esdaile & Ilflmmct hud 
ceased to e:(ist from tht* be^iiiiiiinfr of the 
yvHT. Eadailc'fi portntit waa paintod by both 
wilkie and LuwrvUL-v.undfroui uuoth'<r pic- 
ture by Shnriilts »n enjcraviny wan [nad«. 
Hu marrti-d Kiiiabutb, tbii onlv cbild of Kd- 
wnrd Juflm's, |j>*atiuritriif Hi. 'fhiimas's Floa- 
pitiil, by whom lie had two itonB and fnur 
daiigbtnrit. Tht-ir (fTHniWnt Williiitn JciTriea 
Frfdailf, married, i;7 Sept, li*37, lantht^Fliui, 
the dauffhtar of P. B. Shelley and Uarriet 
Weatbrook. 

[Privau iaformatkn: Oeot. Klae. 1840. new 
aer.xlr. tSI); BTOu'aCatalogiMof PorLtnita.] 

A. V. 

ESKOROVE^ Loud (1724-1804). [8w 
Rac, Sib b.^viu.j 

ESMOKDE. 3iB LAURENCE, Lord E». 
MONDE (1&70?-1B)6), ftovernor of Dtincan- 
non, woa the second buu uf Walter Eanumdfl 
of Johnstown, L'l). NWxfonI, and hin wifp Mar- 
garet, daughter of Michael Furlong of Hore- 
town. Beoomint; a convi^rt to pn]t4>!tlantiam 
ho sprt'ed with credit a^inst Spain in the 
Low CouDtrie«. In l&dti he was appointed 
to the command of 150 foot, and wasactiTely 
ungagnd during tlie rebellion of Hugh, ««rl 
of Tyrone; and it appears from a Iwtter of 
bia to the Earl of Sbruw»bury that be eren 
■<nd<«ri>iiTvd to procure Ibe asMMinaLion or 
b&nrHhment of Tyrone, but in tliia ha wu 
onsuccetsfid. His wrviccs were, however, 
rewarded with the honour of kni^^hthood. 
X>uring one of his espi'ditions into Cou- 
naiiffht hd fvLl in lore with iha sister of 
MurroughO'Flaherty.whom hn luarriod ; but 
thi! lady was as rf markable for her oi1b(»> 
duxy aa for her personal L-hann!, and faaring' 
lest her inCaot aon might b« brought op a 

b3 



Hsmonl 

pmt (tot lint, *)]« fled with liim to hi^r fainily in 
ConiuiUjfht. Efl'manJe thweupon rcpudiiLtcd 
her snd marritKl KticHlii-tk, dnuglilvr of tite 
Hon. WJtPT Ttmler, fonrili son of Jampjt, 
oiatli t>flrl of Ormonde (BrKxe, £rtiV/ /Wr- 
flyf ; Ktlkriifiif Arfhtf^iofficai JouFMat, 1 ftr»6-7; 
Can-H' tVi/.iv.&y,.'(97 : 1U-»sull and I'klsdeu- 
QktiTflrUh f'fl^ iii. 379j. In Dwciubcr lt3l)K 
1h' Biiccrudcd Sir JnMaf Bodloy lu govi-mor 
uf lh« importniil Tort of UuncnniioD, a post 
which hc^ c«nlinuL-d to hold till his doalli in 
IttlO. In 1011, llw lord d-.-puly (.'tiicliwU'rhav- 
ing iimjeclwi » plaiiUlion iu W^'iford, he and 
Sir kdward Fisher woru uppointvd lo sun.t'y 
the coofiscftN-dtcrTilrtni-, anil forhi*iw^r\ic«--shrt 
wo^ rewarded wiibagrant of fiftwiihundriKl 
acres. In 1018 it wiw dinrovon-d that grml 
ftiuidd had l>c«n ^artiHcd, and in consequence 
ft noniber of nstires were mlorvd to the 
lands from which ihc-v had br>-n 'wrongfullj 
otuUvl. In 1<3I9, having purchased a (fmnt 
nf certain Undj iu Wicklow from SirPafriclt 
MfliilL', ht' bi-ciiiue iuvolvrti in a. tmiisaction 
known as the cas* of nicUni MucPheagh 
O'Bvmp, which, h<™-ever w« rogard it, cwr- 
taiiilj' rclU^'tvd tlip utino't di>ii-ri.'<lil on kiui. 
He was pliarged with packing jurica and loi^ 
tuiing witueesee in order to wn<st tliu land 
out of thti poMOMion of the 0'Bvm*>fl (Irifh 
Col. u. 41, lii. &31, iv. 45i, v. \''2i ; Cauib, 
Oniumdt, i. '^-3B; Oll.RrnT. Jli^fory of fhr 
Confedtration, \. 167 iM7 ; lltcssos, Irish 
Mattacrt*, i. ^-l-f*, 3W-4ti, li. 2«a-75; OaB- 
M^icit, HistQiy')/ Jvi;/lani,clitip. Uxv.) Own- 
infr liiTtTu [inijwrty in Weifonl, Wat«»rford, 
Eilkennyi and Tipiicnin-, hu was crwiU'd 
Lord I-^iMomlt?, It-irJuorVimi-rick, oo. Wex- 
ford, rtn 2« May MMi. In 1«39 he was eum- 
tnonml bL'fgrv thv Star^hunlK-r for bavint; 
ciniipiotl with Iionl Mnuntncirriii and Sir 
Picra Croeby to Ulwl the lord deputy Went- 
wortb in the matttr of onn Rol«?rt Ij-mondf, 
whose dc-Atli thi>y laid to his rhar)^^ {Tritk 
Csl.'\\.l\', ItrnHWoKTH, iii. SSK-IWl'; State 
Jte/wra.Uom. ccwsx.Sfi). Aftpr the outbreak 
of tho trmt rehollion h« seems to have triwl 
to maintain a nf^utml |>o«ition between the 
kiof; Eind ibu pirltaiuenti but tb« tiixpicioiij 
pf I'be onufiHWratea having; h^n aroiiaed hy 
the fact ihsL many of his oIHcits and eoldicrs 
were roiindbwadR and had hroki>n tlu^ ('<>9UUf 
lion, they advisud Ormonde * to bare a caro 
of the fort of Duncannon.* But tbnt nohlt»- 
man brinf; unable or nnwillinft to inti^rferf^, 
and tbe defection of Lord Inchiqitin coming; 
an a waminff, Gftnoral IV-wton laiJ ^ii-rv to 
DuucanDOD in January 104<j. Tht* y\we wr» 
Vxlrrmely decayed with afro;' but thoiiph 
■ l.he governor was old and unable to act any- 
thiu)^ in thin exiptnce,' ' the dofendanta be- 
hAT«Itheina«dveaoxoG«iiiigTreU.' Tfaa death 



Espe^ 



of Cajttain Ijormn, howarer, so diacuun^pil 
them that thiinr beat a parlor, and without 
L-'>R«>iUint{ F.»mond"i> fturTCfidorwl the fort 
on St, I'alrick'fl dav. Nest day a relief 
forcv ffoai tbi* parliann.'nt appeared in tbv 
rivpr, but fin<linj;f the pW"" in the enenuoa* 
hands ioiiaodialely sailed away. Eemond?, 
Rurvivinp the tiurrender of Lhincannon twt^ 
iuunih#.diud at Adaautown.and wok Iwrird 
al Limerick in a church he hud himttnlf built- 
ITe is said to hare been a man of ' sanf|;uin« 
complexion, of au indilK-p.'Tit (all Htatuir. 
compact, sobd, corpulent li.3dy, with robua- 
tioud limbs.' Not uaviniB: \w\ix by bis second 
wife, be beiiueathtfd hi.'* immenu- pm]ii-rty to 
Thomas Eaaoitde, the mm of his first wife. 

(Carte's Orniood*, i. 5U, 538. I>>tters ccUii. 
ccLriii. ccUxtiii. reclxxvii. i Journnla of th* 
UoiHv of Lords. T. 'Hh : Ikstdrmta t'liriosa Ili- 
bofnica, ii, ii. 37S; djatsmporary lliirtory of j 
Aflkir* iu IrtUnJ, c-l. Gilbvrt, i. IS. 102-4:^ 
RJDWvini M.S. ii.6S0-K: Aeefiuot of the Barony 
of Torth, cd. H. F. Burn, Kilki-niiT ArcrliMMlopcal 
Juunial. 1S92; InVli MS., Ctirtbaiu I.ibmry. i 
-tBI j rromwdl's Letters, U Oct. >&4I>] 

ESPEC, W\T.TKK(d. Ilfi3), fonndor of 
Kievaulx Abbey, Yorkshire, was probablv 
(ho «on of William Sjiccb, who in KlH.'i hfla 
Wafdim, B'-«lf"rd>l(in,',whert> some fifty ypar« 
later Waller K*pic foumtod and cndowi^ Ott 
ahbi'y ipnmrsdatt I{w,k,'u2\\ h.'2\^ n; Duo- 
DAI.E, V. 280>. ftnpe*;'* chief property was in 
Yorkshire, andlierfaidcdnt IIelin<ley. Under 
lli-nry I tut -n-ns )ii8tx(V of lh« forMtii anJ 
itinerant juatiAs in the northern eounijea. 
LuderStijplieii !iitnflivi:ilvri'i'iiil''il tbt-Hoolcb 
invasion. On lO.Tan.lKtS FitElluncun failed 
in a nifflit attack on Kfipec's rastlo of Wark. 
Thi-nKinnPavid and hi» "in Htnir^camir up 
and formw! a ri*ptilar si<'ee for tbren wcpIw, 
after which the mum body pafised on (o harry 
North umbt^rland. Thn-tj months lai.tr (e, 
a .Msy) Ihu garrison «woopM down upon tii» 
Scotch kin^scommtiuarLat, and had to submit 
til ■ swunu siei^v. The rai'tli'wasT'touily ile- 
fended by WalLKr'n nopbew, John de> BuftfCj, 
hut had to surrender about 1 1 Nor. T 
month* pn.>vio«"ly t'2'2 Aug-) Knp^-c was one 
of tlie lea<]iere of thn buttle of the f^landard. 
According to Ailri.-d of Hi<'v.iHlx, K*i»!r wa« 
al ihe lime rciftftrdt'd by the other horona of 
the north ai their 'dus et pnt*^' (/'i- Helta 
Stand, np. Twyidrs. pp. 34'J-7). lift was 
alruady an aned man ( i'6. ii. S37>, and thero 
is no reason for douUinf; th« traditioFi whirb 
makefi him withdraw in I lo'i into t)ic abbey 
of Kirkhnm. which hn had founded in 1121, 
and where be is said to havti di<^ 7 Marcb 
lir>3 (Chttvu MS. Vit«ll. V. 4, quolvd ta 
Ddoiuxb). 



I 



tne^f 



Essex 



Essex 



Ailred, abbot of Rievaulx [see EiHELaED, 
1109 P-1166J, describee bis patron as a man of 
immenae height and build, with black hair, 
AiU beard, broad features, and trumpet voice. 
Having no 8ur\'iving children by his wife 
Adelina, he founded the Cistercian abbeys of 
Rievaulx, Yorkshire, and Warden, Bedford- 
shire, the former in 1131, and the latter in 
1135, besides the priory for Augustinian ca- 
nona at Kirkham, Yorkahire. According to 
tradition, Espec's son and namesake fell from 
his horse ana broke hia neck about 1121 while 
etill a young man. This led his father to 
found the abbey of Kirkham, over which he 
set his uncle, >Villiam Garton, as first prior 
(11S2). The foundation charter mentions 
the name of William Rufus, from which it 
would appear that Egpec at one time had been 
on friendly relations with bis king. Arch- 
bishop Thurstan of York aided in his pious 
^rorkd, and the concession of the lands was 
«anctioned by Espec's heiresses, bis three 
sisters, llawisa Bussey, Albreda Traylye, 
Adelina Rocs, together with their husmnds 
and children. 

It was from Espcc that Lady Constance 
FitxGilbert, or her husband Ralph, borrowed 
the copy of Geoffrey of Monmouth which 
4ieoffrev (iaimar used for his ' Estoire des 
EnglesJ* Espec procured it from Earl Robert 
of Gloucester (GEOPraEl G&imar, np. Afo- 
numfnta Jlisforicn lirifannica, p. 829 a). 

[Pogdale's Monast icon. ed. 1817, v. 280 i-t ai^., 
vi. 207 ft spq., 36St : Richard of lleiham ; Chro- 
nicle of HelroK^. Henry of Huntinplun, eah Hnn. 
1132, llSSi 1''osh's Jmlgt's; and uulhoritics cited 
above.] T. A. A. 

ESSEX, E.\Ri.,s OF. [f^f'Roiirx, IhM- 
PIIKF.Y »E, V, VII, and VllI ; ItoiRCiiiER, 
IIeskt. ti. 14>*3; Bol-bciiier, IIesry, il. 
1539;(C.\PET., Artiiir, 1(131-1(W3JGapel, 

"WlLLI.tM, 16itr-174;S; CltOMWELLjTlIOHAS, 

14>*6'r-1540,BtJite»nian; Devereux, Robert, 
15C7-lfi01 , Queeu Kliiabeth's favourite ; 1 )e- 
TEEEUX, Robert, 1691 -1646, parliamentary 
fP'neral ; Devebeux, Walter, 1541 P-1576; 
MaN'DEVILLE, (iEOFKKEI DE, d. 1144.] 

ESSEX, CouxTEm op (1792-1882). [See 
STEniJiSf, Katiierinb.] 

ESSEX, JAMES (1722-1784), builder 
and architect, of Cambridge, was the son of a 
builder, or, as he is usually termed, a ' joyner,' 
of the same name. The father, a man of 
distinction in bis trade, executed, among 
other works, the sash-windows and wainscot 
in the senate-house (1724-5), under the di- 
rection of the architect (Jibbs; fitted np the 
Regent House, now the catalogue-room of the 
library, for Bishop Sloore's books (1731—1), 
and transformed the hall of Queens' College 



(1732-4). In the course of his work at the 
library the elder Essex not only constructed 
but designed the bookcases, which are re- 
markably fine specimens of woodwork. He 
died in February 1749. 

James Essex the younger was bom id 
Cambridge in August 1722. He was 'put to 
schole for grammatical learning,' as his friend, 
the Rev. W. Cole, records, ' under Mr. Heath, 
fellow of King's College, master of the Col- 
lege Schole ; ' and it has been conjectured 
with probability that the constant sight of 
the noble chai>el of that college may have 
given him the strong taste for Gothic archi~ 
tecture which animated him during his whole 
life. On leaving school ' he studied regular 
architecture, with great attention, under Sir 
James Burrough' (1691-17fti) [q. v.], who 
emploved him to draw certain plans and 
elevations. 

On his father's death Essex at once took up 
his busine8s,and in September 1749 built the 
wooden bridge at Queens' College. From that 
time until the close of his life he was actively 
engagedtpartlyasan original architect, partly 
on behalf of others. In 1751 he fitted up the 
' dome room' at the librarj- for manuscripts; 
in 175-1 he rebuilt the Great Bridge; in 1757 
he desired and built the Ramsden building 
at St. Catharine's College; in 1758 he re- 
paired and altered Nevile's Court at Trinity 
College; in 17t)0 he designed and built the 
new west range at Queens' College, and built 
the doctors' gallery in Great St. Mary's 
Church (Burrough, architect) ; in 1704 he re- 
paired and altered the hall at Emmanuel 
I College; in 1760 he designed and built the 
I Btone bridge at Trinity College ; in 1708 be 
completed the west end of the senate-house, 
left unfinished by ( Jibba ; in 1769 he ashlared 
I the quadrangle of Christ's College, and com- 
i pleted the chapel at Clare College after tbe 
death of Burrough; in 1775 he rebuilt tbe 
I combination-room of Trinity College, and de- 
I signed and built the west front of Emmanuel 
• ColU'pe; in 1776 lie designed and set up the 
I altarpiece at King's College, with the wain- 
I scot round the sacrariuui, and altered the 
1 south side of the first court of St. John's 
I College; between 1778and 1782 he made the 
' bookcases for the library, and designed and 
I built the cbnpel at Sidney Sussex College ; 
! and ill 1784 he designed and built the Guild- 
hall. 

In the transformation of older structures 
which Essex was instructed to carr>' out, as 
well as in his original works (except the 
altarpiece at King's College), he adopted tlio 
debased Italian style of the day, which he bad 
I learnt from Burrough ; but, in reality, he waa 
' an enthusiastic admirer of the then despised 



Essex 



Essex 



Oothic^t jle, aud has \feea cbaracierised witli 
1rutlik«'lbctirfit)irofes*ionkl Architect wIiom* 
vrorlw (lU]>1uv<>d n. corivct tMto in iroiintiunif 
«f tuicienl. kngliiji orcliittflure; ' tJiou|il> 
Piuciu oril iciiioH tbom us ' detimiiC in boldn'^st^ 
nail kpirit or dmij^ii, uiid lite dctAils luv uftm 
mmgre.' 

I^doa vxecHtinK the RforeMtd worku in 
Oinihndi^, f-st^x van conKidtM by iW aMii 
and cbnptei* nf Klv in 17ri7. In the coure^' 
of th* following hve years he restored (he 
east front to tho )>iTpMidini)nr, fttid rmtniml 
the HKif of tlw iMist<-ni linib of tho cnun-h, 
totrellKir with tlif woodworlt of tlw lantdra, 
which loiitf iifclwt Iti'i brvUKhc ij«o « dnn- 
pcroiu conditiDn. Finally, h>! romorcd thfi 
cbbirfruin itsurt)riual»»«ition tu lh(?i-ut (Hid 
of the presbytt-ry. Tlii* lallor work, the 
wisdom uf which luur bviiuutiani'^, vra.s not 
Crtmi>!i'l«l until 17711. Tin- n'^mirx t;]trM.'i:tiNl 
bfllwt-en 1757 and 17(12 were carrinl out in a 
puwlv onwrKiilivc i«piril,vv>?rr fntptncnt of 
the filA tinilH-r U'lnj;, when" jvo^^ihli', piw- 
served ; but, in sironse contnuiiction to this 
fwlinij fi)r old worI<. K*wx n-commt-ndcd tho 
destruction «f thv iK-nuiilul Wf*l porch. l» 
' ncilUpr uniauicntal nor uw-ful.' In 17tfl 1il> 
acL*<!)iivd u eimilur ct>niini-«ii>n at Lincoln 
CathHclral. whtrrft «ulii>lnnlinl rejiair* wirre 
much net-ded, Tl^sidea thew ho con«trucTod 
au nrvh of oxn-llrnt dmiiin uudrr tlin wt-^l 
tower, ivpflv.'d the entire church, repairr-d 
thr chfiir irni-ti. imd d>»ignril wi altaniicci' 
and biidiop'fl iliroin'. TIk.-so works will re- 
main. Uure, abo, Krsox tri^d lo jtel the 
choir ntmovod to ihi- sttmcpo»!lii^nn-iAt Kly, 
bill hnppily wil4ioiiV succe^vs. in 1775 he 
df«i^pd (ind riiit up th'.- four i«pircs and 
hnliK'niciit which ctill er()wn tlio cvntml 
tower, ' an udiuirahle finish to a nniKniflcoiit 
deaign.' For th'n and his other works the 
tlvui and cbapi'.--r ]>rr(H-nit-d to him, in JTHJ, 
A DilviT salrn-. bdarin^ a amtftble iutwriptioD. 
Ee^ex alKO rvslorvd tin- towL-r of \Viiirh>-»ivr 
(;oUt;ro(Miap(-l, ■ItmiLMfcdiiigli'vniill.riini. 
brid^T, built the stwplo of the jiariKti chun-b 
al. Iifl>tli-n, Kw's, and ihe cmmt 1o cfinuni"- 
nornt*- l^iieun Calherini' of Arrapon precti-d 
at Amplhill, lt*<)f"nl»'hir>?, in 177.*) l>v the 
Eivrl of Oftsory. In buihltne' ihidcroi* t^i'x 
followed a rough ftketcii by llorace-Waliiole. 
lie a tiro credited, but erroneously, with a 
turvay vfCunt'Tbun,- Cothc-dral. 

Ks«>'3 mftrrini KItfabrth, dau){liter to Mr. ' 
Thurlbijiinii'. book^.dl'-r, of Cumbridifo< by ' 
whoni b« hwl I w'r> child n-i) — Jsini^, irhn died 
aa infant in 1757, and Millir<-nt. who tnar- 
riitd, lU Mnv 17K.'>, till- lli'v. Jolin T[iiiiimond 
[q, v.\ Aoro^time fellow of (Jueens* ColIe(r<>. 
one died in Januan,- 17H7. Ks^ex died nt 
Cunbridfff, of a {nrahiic alrokc, 14 Sa^t. 



17$4, in (hu mty-thini yMrufhiB u^. H« 
wa^ buried in SL llorolnh'a chnirhyanl, 
('nnibritlf^', on the south Bidu of the chnrdi, 
wtu-re a liiiiib cotntniinKinitrii htm, bin fatltnr, 
mother, wife, and children. Jla and bis 
childrrn arv further commvmprated by » 
lalilet iu t1»^ north nii<le. 

£»wx Wtt8 n man of unbleini»bed repala- 
tion find vArifd ac^minplijibmcnta. 7T>< wa* 
ibn int iinntf- friend <if Tvfron, Kfrrich,yoo]ih, 
It-miham, Cole (whose houw at Milton, near 
Camhrid^, be built, and who made bim bis 
vxK-ul.ori. Jlf^rovt! Walpule, lliirrouuh, anj 
oilier wrll-known ant iquaric*. llewns'-lecipj 
fellow of lb>- SuciHy of Auti[|uanL'» '2ii Jan. 
1771.'. tbniugh the iiiAtniinftiCalily of liouaht 
and contributed BcvHral jMneni tolhe'Ar- 
ctuolof^in.' Tii<-Ki-, if con^iilerfd with r^fvT^ 
enco lo the limu at which tliey wtsrc writleit^ 
tnunt be nllowed lo poBAe^ conaiderablo 
meril, and »linw that Emvx wo.* the ('arlteat 
arcbitecliiral historian, iu the moileni *enw 
of the word. As early as I761S ha iMued 
propoftttU for fHirruvin^ vienv, plaitv, and 
sections of Kiiu;'ii L'-oIIep^ L'bapel; in other 
wunlfl, he int'.-nd'.'d to publiFli a n';nilar nivhi- 
tucLural bwtorv of tin; biiildiun. The w-hemc 
of this work, with sevoraJ of the plattvibi'auli- 
fully ilrnwti \iv hi» own hand, i* aiunni; tli4 
RtanUHcripT8 which after hU deai hpoxfled into 
the band" of hie friend, the Iter, T, Krrrioll, 
fflllnw of MagilAlfne rolb-u,'', nnd wfrns by bim 
bequeathed to the Itritish MiHeura. Tbo 
MlHU^ collection contain* the manuMri])! and 
many of the ill n»traii unit f«r a hii>t(>ry of 
Ciothic, or rtither of e(^clrsiu<ilicul, an'lut(-C>- 
lure, on which hv was t-nija^jed for many 
years, and wbirb bin rHmiU trii-d ■» ruin to 
pf-rsuado bim to complete and publish. 

In 174S, wbvn Ebs^ woe a yountj man of 
twenty-*ix, be bn-aniM invoUt-il in ii oontrr»- 
verey with the I(«v. U. MaRtere, fellow and 
btiitoriiio of (VirpiiB (.!lini>li f'ollep-, reiipwrt- 
ing the autbonhipof a pbinforaddinfranew 
cinirt to the c^dlejfe. In Deix'mWr 1747 
.Mo.'iters bail ('mployod Twaox to mefcsurw ibo 
ground available for building, and to draw a 
plan, which he soon afVorwards cAUKcd to bo 
enjniv'Kl nntl circulated n^ hie ovra. I'piw 
this Ks<t-x piibliHhi-d jiroposals for engraviinf 
and priming; by subscription bi>> own di-sign, 
and ikhortly aYteryiiinf* (20 I-Vb. K^'t-OJ 
wrolu a pamphlet, in whirh he criliciMtu 
Ala^ti-n'* dejii({ii, and bi« who[i< c'>iiduct lo- 
ward* himself, with unBpnrir. ' -.v, riiy. On 
tlif wbnte. thi'clinrseof fl proved, 

and trivial a.* thi' wbol' r^y novr 

apjteare. we cnnnot but admire ibo coiirn^ 
and fttrai^litforuardntrss with which Emoi 
asiertiHl bis o»-n claims ajfoiast a powarfUl 
opjKincnt, 




Essex 

Tin? works wliicb EvtiX BclmowlwIpHl bm 
lif fnlliitiiniT: 1, ' PropnaitLe for Knfrnivln^- 
I'l«n rjf nn inl'-iHlrd AiMifMiii 
: i CnllpgPiCnnihTidgiViOSopt. 
-■ A.ii.'rliwtni'nl WpinDinfi ' WiierwM; 
IftfittTs/-! Opt. 17-lS. 3. 'Mr. .Uiupji 
|[*«I^>tt«to hU SnbactiWro loihePUa,' 
« I'.-b. l74J*-;t. 4. ' IVopoMU fnr Kii- 
^^iewg, V\ut\», finil tSi-cUDii« uf King'ii 
■pel; 1 fVt. 1750 (Oovoii, Jirit. 
Viy 6. ' lyttcr lo Ih-. T)uc«r«l, 
Iniiitf obii>fn-ati<>nF ud Ciuilvibiirv Uu- 
»I,* I tVl>. I7()H (Nini/>i.i, lii/tL Tw. 
frit i. 470). 0. ' Plan of tbp origiual Cn- 
Iral f'tiurcb of IHy, willi nn aciXHint of 
oiml Alternttoas and Additions ' I^Bhkt- 
_l^y, IHI2, ii.ldcndn, pp. 1-8). 7. 'Ao 
IBI nf tbe')1dCflnvi,-nttinlC)iiir(.'li at Klv' 
fib. pp. 9, lOj, 8. ' Itt-marke on tin- Anli- 
litv iind IL- diffcrrnl >[o«1m of lirick nnd 
)t<>ih< lluildinii.'^ in Kn^lnivl' {Ar'/fn^l-'^tn, 
r. Jli). y. 'Ohacrriitiona nn Lincoln L'aih*?- 
['(t'A. iv. 1 JJi>. 10, ■ Olwniiliuufl on tlie 
tuul Aiilii(iiltvof K"iiiid(.']inrclu-*,ftii(l 
_ I liounil riiiircii It CmnhridjTD in mrti- 
h'((7i.\i. Hi;!}, 1 1, 'OWTvntii.mdonCroj'- 
inil Alilu'vanil Hriilpi=''iXu-itoM, liihl. Tap. 
' ,Xu. xxii.) VJ. 'lleHTiptionimdrianor 
iici<<nr. Timl>-r llriri^'P nt Itocln-stcr' 
/fiffri, vii. ay3>, \'i, ' lVi>$«ripiiouiaiii 
<'f Pi-nny Alilxry, CarnlM.' (Ltwixs, 
in'ihf'/iin; pp, 272 4'l. I^wdi-s tho*«, 
■•f Ihe old (;liiii>«l of Hidtuiy 
_ . tind liis'Jonmal of a Tnur 
rt. iif l-'JaiidciN and Knun.-*" in An- 
fiave hcon prinlM ^ inre his denth 
Cliiti-ctiirnI 7li«lorv of tboUuivM^ 
nllogp* of f 'nmt'riifgp,' hv llw- lUw. 
i» and J. W. rinrk. uid tne Cainhr, 
knti«i, Soc. (Jcli»\'i I'lilil. Xo. xxiv. resjwc- 
■ My. 

Tmr niiiB» of E««ex is hIso connected wiUi 
\i4 do*pn4: 1. A Wrdwye view 
' draiigiif of RinirV Collvp-, {.'am- 
" GtpUin ft Mlicnw for Uyinp ont 
rt anil f:nrdru$, on the fuiiiKt-ition 
tthfw building* dcnigui-d liy liibli* 
letijd. It ie U>lleri-d: •Thihcast 
Kini{'i> ('■"illi-jn" in ).'nml>ridp", na 
|n 1m- liniRliM, in Imniblr itiwnVd 
•liipful An'in,-w Snape, It.ll,, I'ro- 
liT . . . J«ni. Ee»»!X. jun', Jaid' 
», Amh Jboi* Emcx jnn' Hr-lin.. 1741. 
f^nilp.* 'J. A vi.'w of Ilur- 
fiir a ni*w coarl nl Trinity 
eil: 'AulirSaiti:Ui>TriiiitiitUCBn> 
cidetil-. TTi'? Wert Front of Tri- 
im in ' Jac, niirronph 

.174.^Jn( ! ■-.Hiri,.avit.'\V.ll. 

Si-ulp.' .1. ' I iitid Elevation 

•f an in trn JM Addii 1 1» CLrif l i Cul- 



EsseX 

legt'iuCBMihrtd^t^. Dtnifpied bvJ»ini» F»ex, 
jiiniur. Jac' Eiul'.i, juii' Dbliiiearil, I74& 
W. H.TonwSciilp.' 4. 'A Design forUiBPub- 
lirk Libmry ot dimbriJ^B, inadB by the Ute 
8' Jamvs niirronph in I U<n Yw.r 17fi2.' 0. ' Ele- 
vfttion of tlipNi-w Front d«iini*d for Fjnnniiel 
CoUepe, Cambridge. Juc. Le»«x defiig' ut del. 
P. S.l,Bniborn wulp,' 6. 'The \Ve.<i I'ro- 
iH)i'<-'t of C(irtiii!i Chridti College, Cambridge. 
Jac' Fssex dfsis' et del' 1773. Major stulp'.' 

[Lire of E»>«x ill lutioduotkiu to btu Jotinial 
of u Tour thn)U);ti pnri of FUndtn and Pnuteo 
ID August 1773 (C^nilir. Antiq. Soc. Octavo 
Publ. No. x«iv,); K. Willi, and J. W. Vlatk'n 
Arcliitcciunil Uiftoty of thv Unirvrdty aad 
Collijge* irf Cambndgo. iii. olO-fi : Cooper's An- 
nals of (';itnhriil^«, ix. 413, Adili'.. AL^B. Itrit. 
MuF. «7fll-7>. OTIS: .M*<. C">. AOJit. MlJS. 
i8«. ASI.^. S8«8; SicliolVit Lit. Ani'cJ. i. 687. 
Ti. 0'J£, nii. &7S, GUT ; Nirlioba llluatr.ri. 2Bt- 
310; AreLiiMlDBii, xH. 3<><Ii Qou)tVa CaimUn. 
111. 1769. i. 329; K. J. WillMb'H Remnrlu on 
Modern Gtithic AwIiil«lorr. pr»flx«l to Pugin's 
^'pFcimeu*. ])p. xri, ivii ; IkntlMra's Ely, ed. 
1H12, p. 2S4 ; ReT. D J.Slowart's Arehitoctaml 
IIi»t. of K!y Cflthedriil. pp. 7^. I2&-7; Ilcr. E. 
VcnablM*^ ArehiUctuml Uitt. of Lincoln Catlie- 
disl. ArcbiMt. Joara. x1. 16EI-B2, 877 418.1 

J. W. C-K. 

E3SKX, XniOTIIV (]7ft1?-llM7), com- 
i-jwT. biTn ill or about 1765 nt Coventry, 
Warwicki-hirc waslhefton of Tiniotliy Es««x 
of ibat town. Hp romnurnci-d pUyiug uii tbe 
flulo snd violin at tliirti^n yrars of age for 
his own nmiiHement, 1ml the rapid prognsa 
which be miule inducMl liis fjiltivr tolvt biin 
otMdy music AS a prnfeflsion. In t7A6bceattt- 
blislied liimeelf &s a teacher of tbe pi«nofort<«, 
ori^aii, and fluto. Tu ordrr to lM>tt(-r his po«- 
tioti he niatrii:iilnli>d nt 0-^ford an a member 
gf Magdnlen Hall W Dec. IHOO, and took tha 
degree of batbcbir of miixic on the followLog 
17 Dec. He prucerdi-d doctor of music 
•2 Dpc, 18!a (FofO-KR. Alumni 0.k.«. ; Oifard 
Gmduatts, ItMii.p. 216). K^^vx. was an able 
tcat-hiT, and olitain^d some popularity aa a 
composer. His ' Atudcal Acsdl-iny ' wa« at 
88 Ilill SlriTl.Bprktdcy Souarf; ho wa.« also 
or^ni«t,rorop(iferto,and director of the choir 
of St. Ocorce's Chan>'l, Albr'inarb- fitmrt. 
Amon^ bi.« Mtx worlt* arv ; 1 . ' F.igbi Kne- 
li-l, fjiii/iinetts for a SihkIp Voioe^ ( IMOO). 
l Militan- Sonatn for the Piano- 
t< ruinc^'')niptinimenf ad libitum f<*r a 

violin vltOO). :i, 'Six Uueta for Flutes or 
VioUnA"(l^> '')■ -i- ' I^'Kbt Lcjiflonfi and 
Foiir fvinatinaJt on n Peculiar ilnn, inttnided 
to p:ttAbli.«h a proper m-Tthod of finf^rin}* oa 
the pianoforte' (1802). &. ' Six C«inion^«, 
tbf word;* from tlie jioeraa of the Ute Mra. 
KobitiAoii ' (1801). 6. ' Introduction uid 
FuguolbrtbeOrgin'(I8l2). 7. 'Harmonift 



Essex 



8 



Estcourt 



&wn, twin^ a colWiinn of »acreJ melodies 
foplhc ISOTwilinHo!' Dnvnl" ( 1830?). He 
•1»0 publ tailed a k-i of iilow K&d quick tD&rclics 
for lnt> pianoforte, with \hv full MroreH siIiIimI 
fir a tiiilitarv Imiid, h varivTy nf nndf» for 
fbeitiauofortt, Htiii {liatioforl^ and flult?, and 
in&iy fiiDglft iHin^^. yio <Ii<.il i7 Sept. 1^7, 
iiffMR2, in York ItuiMinpi, N'ltw iC(iiiii,Loi»> 
■don (Cm(. May. new stir, xxviii. -Vil ). 

[Qeor^wi Em, \v. (r3S^: Muiie Cat.. Rrit. 
3IUB., wbcie he uoapcouulaliljr A|i()«Mni kn * TkcK 
'Ru' {£«ex; Jamoi D, Itron'a Kiok. Bici. of 
UuMFisas, p. 2i6.1 Or. 0. 

ESSEX, WILLIAM ( 17&I ?- 1869), 
imoiui'l-pitiiitAr, ww for mimf vonre the rliiof, 
and, Hfti^r tlie death of U. 1'. limn-, ihi- etdc, 
csponont of tiic an. of paintitiff in enatnt<l, 
which liad b.-cn brou^lil to suSi jJi-Hi'L-tiun 
In- Hi^nry Itene, It. A. [n. v.J ana ('harl.-H 
Nmsfu.'v.] Emi'x ttiid'liis bmlbt-r Alfred 
worked for and noili^r Muki, nml IxIkhhviI 
conjointly to eliow to the imhlic that ■n-nrka 
could be e\<iriit«il in <iiMitn«<I poMi>»in^ the 
Iransparenry, rrispni'!*". and ti-xtiiro of (rtln-r 
mvlliodx of puiutin^. lie uccorditigly |inir]i<^d 
nnmemuii ininialuro tvpnuJuctioiiH <if pit- 
titrcB by Ccrreggio, Oiiido. Wilkic. .\l>nklium 
Cooprr, 8ir Joshua Iteynolda, and otbHtu, 
(U«p1aviiig ihu wide cauacicy uf iho art. A 
pnTat« i^xhibiliim of tii<uMt whm hiJd in tVi 
wriiie of ]i*:{0. Essex firit BxUihitcd at ihti 
Royal Amdfiuy tit lf*lft, wminiK a 'Ti*n-i«r'H 
H«>d,* aftiir .\fcnhftni Cooper, lie continiitul 
to exhibit. roiii>-4 of w.dl-known pictiia>« and 
-portraits, end al.io portr&it» from ilio lifo, up 
■lo 16^14, and his works were always Ten.' muclt 
-odmiiv-ii, lift nl>ui contributed lo the i>.\liibi- 
tions at the British Iri^^litution.Siiflulkritreot 
"OalJery, l.iterpcwl Socii-ty of J''iiiu Art», &c. 
IIo was npjiointi-d enamel-poinicr to PrincMU 
Auirusta, in IH-'tll to ibi- quwii, ttiid iiul]»e- 
oiiently lo the prino^ couMirt. He died al 
Briiibtyii 2« l\v. 1*00. aped 85. His son, 
■\V||.LUM Jt. K-MEX (I8i'L>-lRri2>, followed 
bin fuiiierB pniftttaion a.4 nn nrtifit. but was 
pWA'eiitiii br bin •■nrlv denlli from ohtoininn 
any repmation. H« cvhihiii'd at the Royal 
Academv from I8-1.'> to IHoI. Alkhed ICwkx 
■«iecut«il iilntea for Mum, notably the larije 
p1nt« for trie IloW Knmily, iiftw Paruiipauu, 
vow in the royni colWiion. lie pn-paivd 
the platM and tlte coluiirt! for lij» tir'><l>or*e 
paintin;pi. There i» in tbi- Mintmim of l*rai> 
Ucal OeoioffY, Jermyn Strept, a seri« of 
exaiapl'Ui hbon-in^i tW coloun prepnred by 
luja wbirb had the r|uality of remuinioj; lbs 
MLtneaArrvilrificati'Jli. IlepublibLed iojiin'.' 
IS^ a rnliiablf papt-ron the ah nf pitintiiig 
in Fnntnel ('I»udon audEdJnhnr^bl'hiloDi)- 
jibica) Mu^rnxine/ •tnl h-v. x. 442). Hu slao 



publiah»d0on]i)drawiiig-«Ut«a,nnJtti(ietBt 
that ha aiib>ec|ueuil>- tm^nted. 

[ItMlgmre's Dirt, of Anists ; Gtstm's DicL ■ 
AMi*tH. 1760-lUSO; Art Journal. 18*0. p. &3'> 
Uryan's DioC of Paiaiera and lint;- . ■ 1, 
R. K. Grarofi ; Cataloga* of BnexV i 
1 839 ; CuUlofruM of Koyal Aradomy. ^- 
and QKnnea, 4U| a«r. i. 434 ; informaliMi fn 
F. W. Hudlar. curator of the Utueum u{ rmctJc 
Omk^.] L. 0. 

Ear, EAST, or EASTE, MICH 
{Jl. lO.'iS). [Scfl East.] 

ESTCOintT, ElKJAU EDMl'XL*. M.A 

(18l'l^lK.s4),eniinnorSt. rhwr»(I{nninni 
tholic) Cathedra!, Bimiinj;liam, bom 7 Fell 
1H16, waa eldest !>on of the IC»v. Kdmnn^ 
William li^tcoiirt of Newntnwii, Wilr-tbiT 
one <A' t ho l^nlwurliiof Lntcourt in Gloucwt 
Khirp. Hewa.id&itinedfnrtbechurch: enter 
Exeler ColU^to. Oxfor-J. -JO K-b. Ib^U ; pr 
cwdwi M.A. 1S.-J8 and 3I.A. 1840; and cam^ 
under tht' itifluencu of the Travtiiriiui ntuv< 
tnenC. In 1k4A, when J. H. Newmau w«ii|{ 
<-iv«r lo the chiirrh of Konii", Estcnun.then 
clerirjinao at Cirencwtvr, I'oilowed him, and 
wa* *' received' at Prior iSirk in Dwiomber oj 
ikoi yvar. About three year§ after he wn 
ordained catholic priest by Dr. t'llathomi: 
vicar-apoi^tolic uf tuc wvMeni diatrici, audul 
the ritatoralioii of the biwrarchy in I80O hewai 
appointed ipamomiu at the ditwesu. Thoui;l 
onw of thi* kindvat of men, lui bad g^^at (ir 
iieM of charafjter. He wns a great lorer 1 
books, and for many rennt lin wni a 
ii.iefiil member of the cotnmittMt of tbo 
don Library. Suft'ering frum a painful in* 
teraal disorder, he pawed the la.si few year 
of btslifeinreiireineni at lA>«uiiD^ou, wbcr 
he died on ll! .\pril IH^I. lie was biirii^ at 
Kenilworth. Bi«aoprilathome,innnaddn}i 
delivertHi on iImi occa*ion, prOfiounc^d a well 
merited eulojij on EATc:ourrB'aei<idniTy,ac«i; 
nicy, punctuality, skill, and nuiind jud^nueotj 
Hia knowledge of the earlier biatory of th^ 
midland dietrict was renarkablr, aa was . ' 
thtj knowbidift' hii liiul aniuin'd of propertj. 
taw. Hid geaerufliiv and charity wen* uf tli4 
iiiioet wlf-deoyincf cbaracler, and hi» diik| 
tinn petined, modest, and nnobtrufiive. 

His literary abilities appear in the bett 
known of his works, ' The Question of A 
^licaii Drdiiialioua dtfcii«»«d,' 1^78. ThJ| 
contro^-er*ial treatise by an ertidite nieml 
ofthc Uonian cboreb, wilb u vuluiibU- af 
jH-ndin of oriffiniil ducuiuentd and facniniil*' 
amwarmi at a timn when the I'oxed quMlioR 
'if the Viilidity of EoKlish "rdem wns fiDre<9l)| 
di<liAtt>d by ini'iuherii of th<^ Anglican 
I'oman communions, and it attractiHl cnii 
sidorable attention (.1ra«f<iny,!26 April I^^SA) 



Estcoui 



Estcoui 




i 



An anmytnout npiy to the work app>.-Bi«d. 
with tJie titlt- ' ADplicuii Ortlpr*, a fi'w n- 
JQ iW form of B copwwftiion on th« 
nt work bv Canon FMconrt, ' t*vo, Lon- 
., Itt78. Anaruclo, origiaftllypr\!]iar('il)>7 
loourt for tl»B ' Huliliii Hevif w,' wa* ]iiil>- 
HFjmrnrtV 1, undur the litlo. 

nlic Tfw '■ Ilook "f (.\>tninoii 

nil Ihf r-uirj.-i ..1 thf? Holy Eur^lm- 
To, Loml'jn, 1868. Estcoun left un- 
n'li m wiirk of ('onsiiltirnbl'' itiU>r>"'»t, 
m Mi^ninir nf Jane Ih>nDHr, ntjrhpjs of 
the mnterinlf f'lr whirli he slowly 
,ulatf>d cluriitf; n jwriml of iwontv-fiv« 
Tl'Mfir-t imn;c!iJH>t<*n«werecompl<*lt>d, 
iidcFiMdy for nim-mntf. Thp 
)>Iacv^I in till* handrt nf ihi.> 
i*T. Jikc»<|>Ii M^venaon, S, J., nod llio book 

[<; 1. Piot. it. 179; TnM<t. IS84, vp. 

1. I ray. IhM, p. aiHl; Nii-h-'il«'h 

.mtrd ^ 1. 1 . ^'Ji Fualcr'n Alumni Oxou.l 

K. II. 
ESrCOURT, JAMK.S IMCKNAU, 
tifKNALL (lW)-J-18o5>. mnjor-Kemfral. 
d !">n of Tlioiiifui Griin^ton Ructiiinll 
■tcourt, M.P-, and voiiUfiT liniMi<ir "f 
lionina Henry Siilton Solhirnn KsJnmrt 
i. v.] , w«s V<ni on 1 2 July 1 rtlVi. 1 le was 
HTfitPd at Marrow, ami i>nlt>n-il th** nniiy 
■a ensi^ in the l-llh repiuenl on 13 July 
STK IIr" JiH^.- I-'M 'i-wn* tran*fi'rrvd to 
l^rd Mollis liirljt intiiuiry, in 

Ki^^li li« WBA jii I ' tiU-nont on l' itvc. 

'^-l.and aijiluifi on 4 Nov. l^'S. Uv )<;K;nt 
OfM Uii t'urs of IiIh military life in ((>«)'- 
III ami ID (^Annda. In \fiH 
■ ■ |H)hI of jMH:omt in conimnnd 
■1 i', H. (.'fM-sner [q-T-l in tlio (amonfi 
t«!- ViiU'.y FS).«Mlition, niidwu placed 
of lli(- ma^i-tic ■■it]>i'nnivnli>. Hu 
iiiiM-If » lnyiil uf^iitunt to bia rhiftf 
tint fn'nl two y-nrt ofRnliioiiB Inbour 
,Ti*], anil ii wa>i diii'tly owing to Chrs- 
l»OC<'V "f '"" ('frripe^ ihof Ksleoiirt 
wi niHJor on 21 Oct. If.'tti. and 
,t^i'!i>n«l by brx'vci on 29 .March 
In IK.'lT hi} uiam<-il Caroliiiir, ilnuRbtor 
Id I'olt; C'ftri'w.for Diftuy voiirs undur- 
of ulaio for tho hOTnf> (I'-tMirliiifnt. 
nil- Ih4.*J lie wpni. on hnlf-))ay, on 
iiioti'i! (II nil unii!tni-)ii-i! lii'iiti>liaut- 
nKf tmiary IM^b'^pnt^-nidimrlin- 
"', for IVvixe*, lh(> famiU' Niroiijrh, 
It ri*-clrH-ti<in in lM.'ii. K«tr.mrt 
fnra»tnlTa|ipoiutiDenl inihfl'rimt'nn 
ioii.allbuiih'liliv liHil bad no exj>>>ri(!tii:u 

1 WOriJUV. Oil L'l I't'b. ]X■'^^ bo WES 

V « bri|pulifr-<i7i<'n"ral, ami n)i[>;.inteil wil* 

m! to ihf PH]'.'ilIlionnn- fapc«. 

this iiii|MirlAnl [kvI lo Lbu «u[>[>ort 



lV34, 



U 



rvetuol 



fiveQ to hta npplicalioa by bis friend Lord 
to(;lnn, who btfliovvd Hmt hif polished iitid 
gi^iillc BiuuncncoaoiiiUed rvnl Htn^ufrtbof cUk- 
meter. A» adjut«Dt-Retii>riil ht- iwrforroMl Im 
duties elBciontl^ durinj^ tko wrurr months of 
waiting and Hiclini-HB at CiullijMili nnd at 
Vama, and also at the battles of Alton and 
Inki-minn. Ife-wiiji pri^tDotcd ninjor-pcinTuI 
on 1l' Di-<!, IS/Vl. Thfl twochiff atJilToffiprTs, 
Oenenilfl Kmrourt and Airey, werf- held by 
ibi' jiiibiio to b»»"i<pMciiillTrv»{Hm»iljlii' for the 
.■"un'.-rinpKifllieEnglihiiamiv diirintrtliotlrnt 
winii^r in the Crimea; but liord ]{s)>Iun dc» 
f<L-ndcdtbpmtn tlii.'nrMngX'«ttcniif(!*it'Kls«- 
laxK, Innfu'ito/thti Cnmra, vi. .'lIJ,3i2) m 
his dcspntchc-H of 15 Jan. aiid 3 Mitrch 1855. 
Knof'Url, liku Airt'v, v.-vu[ uu sundily willi 
bia work, despite wVftrsi' circumfitaiiix's and 
nivagv criticism, until 21 June 1>£5, whoa ho 
WAD muld^nlv Htnirk down bycholi-ra. H« 
at iaift rallfMl, but tli« tbimderslorm of 
'.^•1 Jiinp cnnood n rplii])M>, and !ie died on the 
niorniiiff of '2i Jiini-. Ifi-* dt-ath wort iint- 
vernally rej:n.'Ued. Haniley writea ibot li« 
WHS 'a msu of remarkably kind and COiir- 
Ii-ou* (liMpOpitiim' [Tkr St'/ry "f thv .*«'tW;c t\f 
ii^Mst'iftil, p. ;J(!f?), and KinpUiio" -ipi/akx of 
him AS ' a man in^-atty loved by Lord Knglnn, 
by nil hiofrirniin »l h««diiuarlt-r», nnd inde«i 
by nil who knew bim ' ( Thf Inrasion uf the 
frhttfa, viii. littl). I^jrd ttiijrbiu wn» afriiid 
to at lend ih.^ funeral, for fear nf showing hia 
^rief ; but the last visit be paid beforo his 
own ilcalh, wliicb was hjiiituncil by tht; io.w of 
his adjiiliint 'gen prill, wai* to Ealcourl's lomb. 
It was announced in the'Ciaielte'of 10 July 
185^1 I hfit 1-Utcourt would bnvo hi-vti oiiiib- a 
K.C.ll. if hv bod Mirviii-d. Hi* widow, who 
had couragpously »pent the winter in CAmp, 
and had heeu by bur buslmndV deuthbi-'l, was 
raiMitl to Iho rank of a K.L'.n.'n widow by 
Hpocial mt'-'nt in IS-W. She Burvired until 
17 Niiv.lft8tt, whi'u kIhi died at htir r<r*idcnci!, 
Tho IMorr, Tfttbiiry. 

(Barko** I.«iii(l(^ Oriiiry; Che«o*y'» Kxpcli- 
tioii to the Eupbratvo Vidlty; Lifa of C>en>.<ntl 
K H. riiinntj; Ibirl's ,\rniy List ; Kin^Iiiku'a 
InviKi'iti of the Critufn ; IttiM^H't Ijoltcr* frvni 
lbs Crimea ; NoIar'b Hiatory of the War iu ili« 
KmA; Ilamlay'sStorrorthvfnipgcof SnInMoriol.] 

U. M. ». 

ESTCOURT. UI'.-ILVRD {10«&-1712>, 
actoranddramatiHt.niubiirnin tUr>8,Mrc[,inJ> 
inc to an account derived by Thetwood, the 
hijtorinn of tby Iri#b KDigif, frvm Bowman 
ihff aclor, at 'IVwk*'sburj\ and r«oivt><l bis 
education at the Latin (ifnuitmar) kIiooI iu 
that town. In th« line«nth ynar of bis a/io 
he (loU> Bwoy fnini home with a country 
Gompouy, and at WHr«.'»itvr played Itoxaua iu 



"-^ '^' 



Estcoui 



TO 



Estcoui 



'AlMander th<'Gw«t' Hr e«Bp(>d in ffflni- 
uiuu diflguiM! (torn puTBuit, but after some 
r.itriouM a(lvi>ntur«a vttA Cftpturwl M Chipping 
Norton Ly li'w f»lli«f. Appn-nticed to on 
sputlit-can,' ill llatton Ganlen, Ixiailon, ac- , 
conline tn ObutwocKl, Lu ng^in broku Ioomi, i 
nnd, KfU'^r two yenn <if itinttrant liftt in Kng- I 
Untl, flrrivod in IreUncl. To thf liwt state- ! 
EUCQl muit bo Dppa»)<d tlutt of tlw ' Puelicxl 
HpSi'i'T ' of Oil*--" J»fu1i (i, 1)4 1, fiillfiwi'il in 
tb'! *' hist nf l)raniali(7 l'i>i>t« ' nppundt^l to 
'ScanderbeR.'wliifbitaystlialiil'ifrc'Hiiiili'ling 
hu tQrm of npproni ici-Ahip b<> m-i up in trade 
M an apotba^cary, ainl not mecliDK with en- i 
ooura^mont jainod n company of plny(>r> In 
Dubliu. TbolutTL'i'OtaltMiienl is Ijunieotit by 
Kiwie, who, in the ' Tfltler," Tuesday, 7 Feb. 
]7tK), BavB of Estcwurt , 'llu wni« foniicriy my 
ttl>ot.bpc«ry.* At the Sinock AlW TheaU* in 
Dublin Escooort pUiyt^ fur sumL-yuare. Thu I 
only parts mantion^d in corim-rtidn wilh bifl ' 
nainc in the scanty annaU of tho early Irish j 
Btaffip are Whwdle in the 'Comiciil itfvt-iijnf, 
or Ijovo in a Tub.' Sir Joslin Jolly in ' Siib I 
would if Nhe (."Oiild,' and Old Beltair in thv I 
•Man of M<xK\or.Sirl-\)p!iTiBFliitttT,' nil by , 
Kl Li-rt'^v Thi* diiTu of I ln-iw jHTiVTiiianc^ is 
nfarlt!05. On iHOa. 17»4, aa Oominicic in 
the 'jipanish Fnrar' of Drydcii, hn mudo al 
]>nirj' I.AUI.', lii'.'n under thu iunnnt!Km&nl of 
Itirh, his first, apwiirrtnct' on thn Enj^li^h ' 
Sttign. In tlu» part lie imitjiltKl Antimy Iviph. 
Ned Biiinr in Uw * Kovjt,' f'rack in *Sir 
Courtly Nico.' L'aptain BUiff in the MUd 
Bnchi'lor.' OrT»viHiiR-t,i:T in * Hn-mlfrt,' HavM in 
the ■ Itclienrsnl." Faleiaff in ' II«or>- IV, Pt. I.,' 
and other impfirlanr chanictfT* in romedy 
•vtrv play«rd during hit) first wmboh. lie waa 
iboonfiiual Pouu^v { W Aprd 1 705) in Siwte's 
* Tender Husband.' Captain Tlctnrty in thi.^ 
*BaMi-tTal>I<j'ufMr«.Carroli(C>iUiivre).Ser- 
getmV Kite inthc'UecruilinpOtBcer'of Far- 
uuliar. and Sir I-'rancia Gri|>t.' in tbi' ' Biut- 
body ' of Mm. rfntlivr.-. I!is also 'cn-Alt'S' 
one or two parte in pkvs now n-hollv for- 
gotten. For the part of SiT^f'nnt KTte hit 
vna Kpecially i^i'h-i^tfHl by Fnrtjuhar. I^ownea, 
with cbararteridtic iiltVriinco, aavs of bim : 
'Mr. KstcoHrt, llirtrio Nniu*; bo hB« tho 
honour (nnturo cuduini; him wilh an easv< 
frop, una fleeted modu nf elocution) in cotnc^y 
ftlwnvj to liLtiticatv hi!" aiidii-nc. i.*p«ially 
quality ( wit iii'MS*^rn*-ont.Kyt<.'). H^'anoti-i- 
I'oUonl only inthat^but a EUporUtivi* mimick ' 
{JtofnoJi Anylirnniiit,p.f>\ ). OniiJrin''17I;i 
hi* ncti'd. at Dniry Lanr, Palun'r in llie 
'Comical Revenjfe'of F.tlirrnro- Thin wan 
hiii hwt Tx-riornianri*. Thf* 'Sjvftntor' for 
i.raa,17l l-ll' contain Ban ndrertismirnt from 
him that h« should' that dityojx-n thi^ Itum- 
per i'aveni in James Street, C-oveot O&idea, 



and that htA wini*^ would be «nld whoI<^ 
and retail with the utmost fidelity by luei 
Mrvant Trusty Antony [probably 
AstoQ [<j. v.] "], vho bad so oAen 
both the theatres in England and IrsT 
<0B5Est). Ht^diud in Aufiut 171i2 (noi.i 
the ' Hi(i|iTa|ihia Dramatica' aaya, in 1713J 
and was buried near Joseph Haynea in tf 
churchyard of St. Paul'*, Covi-nt Qarda 
No. 4«H of tlw •t^iws-lator,' 1^7 An;,'. 171: 
which Steele doTotes wholly to Eetixiurt ft 
Kartcujlirt), i* cnncluairo ax (o the datw 
lii«i death. ?l<wle Rpcnk/f of him aa luirit 
* an exquisite disceniiniJ! of what was def 
tive in any objc>ct/Bnd bein^'no Ins sll ' 
in the knowledj:e of bwuty.' Tkoae' 
knew him well could' repeal morowell- 
cumplimouU), as v/vll as smart ropurteev, dj 
Mr. ECa.ilcourl'N than of any other man if 
England.* Betcourt's etory-tellin; i« bigliLj 
conii]»ind»il,and thpnctor is likened to Vi>nt:^ll 
Afler pavings tribute to tht) manner in whit 
vrben wished, h« could, amon^ ' men of tt 
most doli«tt4k ta«to,' usnr]) the eonTcmttc 
the whole uight, iStonIc concludes: 'I wis 
it, wcrv any tionour to ttw pleasant croatam 
iwniary that my oyva are tvi inuoh eafToa) ' 
to ltd me g.» on.' Sti'^li' had al&o praiw 
him in tho ' Sjiectator.' N'o. 300,5 May 1715 
ColU'v CibN'r, whilp owninjr thnl he waa I 
mnrveltou-i miroir, d<vlnrr.<i him to harel 
' npon tho whole n Inni^iid, nni)lli>ct in^' nctnTi| 
Fotronrt had, he iar*. npon the ir.itrfrin 
the written port of FabtoU', which h« nct( 
' his own notes and observations upon altDO 
erery siweclt of it, di-wcribing the true epii 
of the humour, and with what tone of toic 
look, and ffvf'turc csuih nf thorn ought to 
deliv«twrM/'i/Aw.v,pp.l07 *t). Invxecutio 
however, ho failed to carry out his '"*" 
llavics attributva tho uttenmciMof I 
j<?alou»y, pointing nut that, while ^_ 

pUved Hayes, Ciblwr Iwd to content linani 
wit^ lli» Mxondary character of Princjr V'l 
iiciuii. Thf) char^ lia^ been o^en repoatf 
but Steele's praise has an apnloi^t.ic ton 
and it is jprohitblo that EaKmnrt's social 8 
CCM and his inlelleclual insight wera is 
vanro of his e^positon' Rift* j?,. .-,— ^j 
admitted to th>.< frieud^p of mn 

men, includintf ih^ Huke of M.ii:, _1 

Stxrnitary Cra^ffs took E^tconrt to nn; 
Godfrey Knt-Uwr, who wa« fl.di^hted wi^ 
bis imitalianaofSomei?, Hnlit'iiY, (iodolpl' 
&c. At a given signal Estcr.nn min — ' 
Kneller. ' who cried out imm>^lint'ilyf| 
' ther^youare out.niBi) I llyO— .ttiw 
mc t "' Addison and ParufU wero anif 
; the friends of K-ttiMurt. Tho lutier 
j mcmoratrd him in a tuccbanalian poemp 
I beginning. 



Estcourt 



It 



Estcourt 



n nr TMItflWiTtliiii ISitenm'x vine, 
A oohlimsl baipwA vm. 

e1t> aim describes Eetcntin under ihc Dame 
Toib Mirmr (see Taller, 6 Aiig. J700). 
wiirt wnA conptiliilfd pnnidoro (pnjve- 
\i'f of iliv Ili*f»l4^b Clul), which en- 
littu tn wear a etoall goliion gridiron 
his aecU ij)"» jrrfcn rii'1»in. His 

now known ua pn^n^> Cbel- 

^ayi'lip pn>prlnm>:'il tlic andicnt^c with 

"pry of liillo nilcln--* anil fiiL'hti of liu- 

■i|r that |)li-nnc-d all Imt his critics.' Ills 

•mit K]uiui|il<%or tliL- M(kli«h Cttiwnn,' w*9 

" m liriir>- Lnnt- ID April 17t«. be- 

»lcoiirt jr>iiie>l liic cc'iu]inny. In tlio 

^cr> Id this EslcourL eays tLuI thv |)!riy 

iH t)i» * ('(inMiTUcy ' of Vonhruj/h wcrf 

Ktib l.ilt»'n fmm tliD samoFruncli pieeu, ru. 

liA ■ .Miv!ii|) (^'itiui-nB,' by ll'Ancour. Tlii* 

!y * ]a'a Bourp*H>i»-s !^ In Modo ' of 

■ tnl.S«inclToii,ac1^^(l n( tlivTItfiIrt 

■r.usijii! lo Nov. liiSW. ' PninullA,' an in- 

rludr. 4lo. no ilai", Urary Lan«, li Feb. 

|7liH,WBd inl ivmIiimi] )iv Entcourr, as UnyM, 

ilo thit ' ICchcarul,' lioiwwa twu acts of 

jL waa utayinl. It liurlMtjue* th'J 

operiLB tbtro in voifui!, pitti^i-.-. m whieb 

iril. u.n- iit Italimt and Iviij^Usli to 

H .eptrT'innera. In'PninclIa' 

;\l iirlpd by Nicolini, iU'iLhi.-r iin- 

: • won) the other cayA. It U a 

l'*Ae«nintof ihol^clialiStago; Clint- 

0»nentl Jli^lory of Ui» Slain : lUkrr, 

^1. luvt lonor'i lliognphinDmiiKli«i; Hitcli- 

lL'Blli-liu-it.aI Virw of tlic Irinh Sinpi. Ci!i- 

poloey, pd. IMIcliUQtxri ; I^viw's Hr-t- 

JiM«likniF«; Tfttlnrkiid Sp(«iiit<^r.naMlra; 

Jacob'* Pwlxxl ]{«((i>t«r, I72:S; iM n( 

mb Umnuiiic Tof'* iir]<r>i'lcil lo Whiii>?«p'« 

■*•'-■ ''•': iJownofltAtcina Anf:t)mtiiu, 

. Lim^N nixtnire du TbMtro 

J. K. 

ESTCOURT, TU05US irEMlY SLT- 

>N WJTHCUON (IWJl-lM'tn.itntwmsn, 

the tlilfwt »un 'rf 'ITirtmo* Griinaton 

lucktiall K-I(*iiurl uf E*li:<iurl, OluucvKtvr- 

klt*. MP- fi'r Ili-viwji fmm ISWl tn 1KL'«, 

tht' univiTHity of Oxf^yrd from l(i!27 

I", h\ r.biiiior, (Uuehlcr of Jnnipo 

of NW I'ork. Wilti-hire. Thi'Tnmilr 

jun hasbet-n w-tiicJ al Ksk'ourt, u^ur 

. .- I ■.;«' iitid Bucknall ^;■»l- 

<1 iiii iiii|>ortuncM 

Uim iho chief in- 

r DeTiEw. Buck- 

iii-be"l hnowii toty 

n nf thr iioiiw of Comtnon.i duriof; 

tuir of tho auielvontb «nitur\'. U« 



alwny.? refnswl to lnko offirt-, and rvganlud 
thi? hunoiir tif n-prt^Miliiijt ihtt uiiivi-rniiy of 
Oxford in parliam4>iit as bning thfl hij^bnet 
in uuy onw's gmsp. With bix coI1''«ku", Sir 
Kobi-rt [nffli?, h« pcrsistf-ntly opjio^iwi irvi'ry 
attempt at pnriiamt'nlary or tvligious nii'onn 
in tltti a&tDO nf thu tinivrriuty. Thomtfl 
Hwiry Sutton Krtcourt was boro on <1 April 
1^1. and wiueducutt^ at Uurrowniid at Oriel 
Colkpe. O.^fortl, wbpn- ho cntHY-d II May 
i I'^l':', Aiid wa« a U'uding undorji^ndiiote in 
tbii ilnys lit 4'ople«lon, Keblp, nnd Whrttisly. 
Ill 3Iicbiu.'1uuw tvmi \&J2, when be wu 
only tweiiiy-oni^, Ue wait pUccd in the first 
, cloiid in rlmmicB at t}iv siiint' time* as hiit fiiluru 
fri'.'nili, l.nnl A»hli'y, »n«'rw(ini.-«»ii^vt!niht'ftrl 
of 8hiirtiv.bun', and tin- Hon. Georpj Howard^ 
i afl'TWanls earl of C«rli«!« nnd vicemv of 
! In-bind. H« pr.wcwlrtl B.A. 1S23 and Xl.A. 
1 \t*M, and was creaied I>.C.L. 'J-l Juue 1W)7. 
II«wa5dcstin(>dforapo1iticalcaro^r,nndnftor 
inokin^^ the grand lour bu was ele4:t«dM. P. for 
Marlburoijph in iHtU On 21 A\i^. IftJiO he 
I mnrriivl a yita' wi.-ullhy bi.^iri.*«i, Lucy 8«rali, 
I only diiii^bt'T of Admiral Frank Holbemn of 
I Kirkliiiton^ Kottin^hanii^bin'.and Durrint^oti 
iiotl, Yi>rk»hin-, and in ia3» hn t<H>k tht* 
' nnnie of Sot heron in lien of bis own mi aoc- 
' reeding lo t hi' liittvr property. [nXovt-mlwr 
IKt>'>hfaf^in ftnierwl parlianipnt as M. P. for 
' Devizea, uft«r a very close election, uod 
inninlainfd tliis fii^t \intil 1^44, whrn his wa« 
eli-(.'i<td without opposition aa M.P. fnrXortll 
Wkll&bir«, B.nd ivtmiied that seat till If^io. 
Hfl wn« eoon known a» onu of tlto most 
prorni!iiii)f tory incuibfra of thi' House of 
Comnion?; but hp hud inbmtrd bi^ father's 
di«iticlinntion fur oEiii'r, and Ihotiifht hi- did 
tiioiigh fur lii.'* ]'ariy bv ^jifakinn; iVvjiifiitly 
in tht! bouse. Ua Uia falberVdealh. iu 18i>S, 
lip n-HUDiiil IiIh pafi-ninl nantt-. of Kfttroiirt) 
and in 185^*, at the eametit rpqiieat of hi« 
friend Lonl Uurhy, be con«eiitcd lo tAke 
office, and wiut sw^rn of the privy rouocil and 
appointed president of (he poor law board. 
Ho flbowcd hinuL'lf a cotnp<.-tpnt officifll. and 
in March lf^> ho consented (o nucc^ed 
Spencer Walpole as hnm« secretary. The 
govi'miui'Dt did not, however, bold together, 
and in four months ECstixiurt was glad to 
retire from office. Ho witlidrvw alto^ther 
from public lif^' in IftlW, oft<T n jiarahiic 
.ti^txure. Hi' diM Jan. 1^6, wh^n ho 
lefi Estcourt to n younjror brother, the Hev. 
Kiliuiind lli)r-y lliicknall Kfltconrt, and Uar- 
riiif^ou Hall to his nephew, Georsa I'hontas 
John Sol herott-Estcourt, M.P. lor Koiih 
Wiltdbin;. 

[Times. 8Jan. 1S76: Bnrk«'a TAailodODntiy ; 
Dod « Kkctontl Facia aiid I'urh'Aiuviilnty Ctn- 
panion ; l-'oator's Alunoi Oxoo.] U. Si. H. 



— -^iP*>^*^"» •■ 



Este 



ts 



Estlin 



ESTE, rilAKI.ES, P.ll. (l69fH"45>. 
bislion ol* \V»t»Tf»r<i, nftn nf MiL'hii>-l K«ie of 
St. Ma'CTM'B, Wtwtminsler, was born In 
Wliiti.^hii!l in UtOll. fffji-nlvit^l WvKlniiiwiDr 
School M II <j»M'n'!i Acholnr, and mntriciilaic-d 
■s H student nt t'hmt Church, Oxford, 1715, 
prDccediti^ toLbo two dkvrwsiit aha in 17 Hi 
and 172-ire»pectively. While still al Oxford 
be <^ited in \7'Jii 'Caimina i^umlriLgcsiniBlia 
ab (C4lii< Ohrlsli Oxoo. alamuLS ootDpositn oi 
abvju»dein to<li8 DaccuUiircis detenninanti- 
buain achoIA naluralij philnsophi.i: putilico 
rocitala,' htH own cuiitrtbtitioiu tu which 
will b» found on pp. 108-9 and IMl'. llnv- 
in^ lAliL'n ardL-r§ hv was apuointud chnpluiii 
to An-hhistiiiji IliiiilltT, wiioiti he aciMUi- 

fiaiiied to IreUnd in 17l'4. On 9 Jan. 17iM 
ii'ivii>r>>llHli<d'>n I hi- prt-wnlntiiniiirifcHiUi'r 
to the roflory of 1 terry not^sc, ro. Annitgli. and 
inl'IiOht'wannnniinol'-d tolbenrchdeiwonry 
of Armiiph nnd the nN'toric^ of Af^biUlow, 
Killt"<bill, and ('Bmntoal. In I7-'W ht n^ 
aif^cd thfffe nppointmfnts for the chaiic^llor- 
ttliip orAruwgn and Ihu t<v\ory of Kitmorc, 
t»i which lirinf; he expt^ii<le>:l ti lar^i* sura of 
tnonoT. On ibr hishopric of Ossonr faUinir 
vui;iinl. ho wiu mini) I'l thiil mhc ihroiiuh th» 
inlln(>no<> of Roiilt*'? ivith iha iJukf of Xew- 
CBtitlc, and was cnthrunt.>d at KilWtinv 
1 Mftrch 173fi. To the (^piwrijinl piiW^ at 
tbul place he uiad>:> grval additions. He pn> 
0-i.-«^i.-<i l).]).Nt Iliiblin liiivrrsiry9>Iayir;«. 
In (A:tol»:T 17tll he was ndvuncMl to ihe sew 
of Wttl.rf.jrd. ll'> diL'.i 2» Nov. 1746. Tliore 
tit D portrait of EmIo in ibo hall nt (.'hrist 
Chuirh, Oxford. 

[Welch's List of Qu^en'a Scholsra al W«t- 
niiosilcr, p. '226; CoH<ia'» Futi Kcda<. Jlibnni, 
i. H. ii. '2Si, HI. 17.] A. T. 

ESTE, EST, or EAST, TUOiUS (IMO ?- 

ESTLIN, JOHN HISIIOl* (I7S.'> ISoT,), 
fkurjEcnn, son of John Prior I-^Uin \'(\. v.], who 
liupt a faiuoujs school in n larj^v bolt^c nt iht- 
lop of S(. .Michapl'ti Hill, Urintol, was bom 
lhen> on 20 Dec. 17t^<). flu waa vdiicalvd in 
hiM fiithirr'A w:hoiil,an(] bi*|^n hin pmri-AxiOnal 
«tui]i<^ at the nriotid Infinnarr in 1>;(H. Ho 
continued them at GoyV Hospital, Imndon. 
beoamo •memberof tbo Collf^e of Surconna ol 
London in 1806, and, nfterfortber study ntth» 
onivprsitTofEdinburchjH'ttlcd inpnirtiwin 
hiitnalivHtown in A^fS. Hcnllaim-dkucee^s, 
and, having Anncial int pre*l in ophi hsliuic sur- 

JL-ry. (frudually n^Etriclvd his pnu.-licu lo (hat 
p[nr(in(7tiL ms fnr un liii could. In lHl'2 lift 
entflbliflhi^ in Frojrmow Slroar, Bmlnl, a 
dispeuurr for iho trxtalnicnc of diM^M-H of 
t)Mt <•;«. 1rbi.4 rliArityhn maintained for man! 
tbftn ft ycsr at his own coet, uid afUtrwards 



manacvd ita alfnira for thirty-six yean, and 
hintHtir Itvati^l G^.y-twi) thouMind poor pa- 
tients. Ho kept careful notcA of hU casM, 
and pnbli»hi-d paponi on ' .Vniaurosis ' in 
' Edinburgh MMirAl nnd Snrj^ml .Iniimal^ 
l!^15, on 'Caiaract ' in ' London Medicaid 
Kotto,' l**29, on ' Cy»tiC(Tcii» Cclluloaa- 
thf Sclerotica ' in 'London Medical Qan:lt< 
18:W and 1840, on *One Hundred Ca»ee 
Operation for Strabismus ' in ' Provincial M« 
dic«l and ^ureiciil Jotimal,' vol. iL, on ' 1* 
tended Cure of Cntaract ' <iA. toL v.), on*I 
jurivs of the Iris' (>b. vol. vi.) His rvpnt 
tion na an ophthalmic ciirgvon iipnmd, nr 
ha beoune one of tho tirat of hia period u 
England in thiil drpnrlmrnl of pnwtic<», mui 
in iS43 was olecte^l a follow of ihe Colic 
of Surgmns of Kngland, when that body 
coived the charter nnd«r which it U at pr 
■entgOTemed. In 1^17 hemarrii-d Marpir 
Uag^ot, nunt of Walter Bapehot [q. v.1 
the died four year* later, leaving tin 
dau(rbter. Ilia health waa not robuat, an 
in 1^^ he visited the inland of Hi, Vincent 
where the wariii cliTnaltt n-nloivd hiiti. 
obtained and circuUti'd in IKSJia frefhauppl) 
of vacciiK' l^'iph from cow* ni-sr Ik-rkelnl 
Olonce.sioT-inirw, the n'ginn in which Jem 
had orijiiuallr made his discoTery of the el 
cftcyofvnccination in the prevention iif*ni»l 
pox. Besides ibis important service Estlfil 
rendered rannyolhera to the public in re^ai* 
to tempi^runcii, to iho abolition of »Uvi>ry, 
the instruetiooofthepoor, tolliemaintunaT 
of ndifiioug tolerstion, and the Eujipn.^r 
iif me<iti:idiin[Hi«tur<*i>. In IB^Ti h<r piibli ' 
'ReinarkeonMccinerUTn.'aliicidexpOBitioni 
tllo Miimtific method of inveKlijrttioB pben<! 
mi'iinsaid to Iw dui^ to hidden forci-Hof niUui 
He waa a unitarian with definite theolojtie^ 
opiniouo, and wrote in favour of lh»i chrinti 
miraclesond "On Pmyerand Divine Aid.'Ifd 
He was alwaya (fenerous, but npverthele 
prcwr!ch,andbccanie.by force of uprifrhtcl 
racu-r and prof<.'«*ionii! skill, one of ihe nw 
Iru.ited meu in Ilristol. lie had an attui! 
ufriRht hemipleviii in M*T 18fi3, diedlOJul 
ia.'i.'>, and wtt* ImnMl iu the l^ewin'M Sit 
buryin^-trrouDd, Bristol. Iti the adjoinii 
nin'tinp^liotutr' nm raoniunental lahfi'l-* fur 
him and his wife. 

[Briitol Mirror, 10 Jano V9M; info 
from hia duushtci ; William Jonita'a QTmc 
l^.'ifi;\VorlcH; irinnuiiHnt at BriiCol; LundiMii 
j Provincial M«d. Dirvctorr, 1847.] N, M, 

I ESTLIN, JOHN PniOR (1747-181^ 
unitarian uiiniMer, Ixtm nt Ilindtley, 
t4rr!<h!re. 9 April (O.S.) 1747. was the uoal 
Thomas Katluif hom'r, by lila wife, rormur 

i a Min Prior. Hia eduraiion waa undil 



Eston 



Hstwick 



i*n h*r bis tnntber'a hrotlipr, tlie Rbv. 
)lia Vnor, vicar of Asliliy-dflit-ZoMch.Bnd 
littplsin to llu' Kat\ of Jioim, In 17114 he 
itMvJ ttiv ocailvmy at ^^'aITiIlgToa, wliil>« 
iie divinity eliikir w*A» Hlktl bv L>r. Aikin. 
Iviv li>j ina'ii.' itj> lii» Dilud tltai be oould not 
ilncnW to thf articlds of the Mtabliilied 
)[in-)i,ull})imfrh he «tilM'-«inj'l lobecomo ■ 
lini»l"Tnrrrii((ion; tuul in ITTO lie ai-ceptwl 
invitaliua to beoonut tlin M>Ui-ftf;UL' of lh(> 
!T. Tliumoj^ Wriiflit ut i1il> umtiLrijiai:liii[>t.'l 
Ijowin'* Mrail, Krtxlol, lind entered u)>oa 
^i dulfj in Jiuiuary 1771. He e^xm after- 
Fnrds o).>»>tie<l * »cb>x>l Kt Ht. ?kticliit''r» Hill, 
Jriftot, wbich mrt with ^ivat siicr-cM, some 
' tits [iii]nIs Tiiin^tn erainenc in p«irlianien)^ 
ad ibc iirr.f.-wionn, HU pnpili* liold him in 
•o inueli I'^lvvm tliat ihvy obtained the dt>KToe 
of LL.I).(GljMflrow) for him without bis Imow- 
llwtu L'Onfi'iTfd iu 1W7. (.'nlvrid^f, 
SUtlify, Priftfttlov.-Mw. liartiftiild,ftnd Uohcri 
~kwfe unung tb'j frii-iide fLltrui-tud by hiit 
ni-nt^Mid fiMi-^fi-nrniukrhBrBC^tfr. Ili^ 
tions,ofwUichaIist isgivenattheclose 
, Barbttuld'*' Memoir' of him (.VonfJl/y 
Hary. sii- ^l"."*-'"), wrrf> nunifnua, and 
Dmirw, Ilia' Familiar lA-ctures'were 
liu ] mS.Ofid Ar>i prcc'.-"l<.-d bv a reprint 
BirlMnildV ' MoEuoir.' About \«M 
ihdgUl to fail; in 1617 he re«i}^i>it 
pit, KceiTitig A iargv ^um of mowy 
. ooniire^tiou aa n t^Mtimnnial ; and 
inir luB iiirpwoll FJ/rmon on 21i June, Iii' 
_ to a t>il(Ap.' hit had built for lituiaelf 
Itts favfturitp aummtr haunt, Soutiiem- 
1W11« Olou»or>i»nBliirr, Tlu-rf, on Hundiiy 
,;.. hf wiV4 »r-ii^ Trit h an eflTusion of 
loiiihGcbosi and died immediately, iced 
IIl- wu* hiiri'.'d in the frmvnyftra of 
rin'« Mi-nd rbep'-I. 
Iv»tliti iiuirrM-J lirst a Mi»Coal«<s,se-con(IIy 
ML*» Hiohop. b>ilti of Itn^tid. Ily hi^ first. 
' ' ■ ' I" tain; by the wrond lhri?e 
lii'ik'hter*. One of lh«c la?i 
c- i.r- -dA tUu aitrgvun Juliu Uuhu]> 
[q.r.] 

iBftti«i«rfur1fll7. p.MC; Memoir of 

liihnp &Ulii. ]). 4 ; Chruit.inti Iti'foftiicr, 

11-S: Monthly Itmrw, voU. -n. i<iiv. 

ixn. Axxviit. Ixsvi. ; M'loUily BapiMilurv. ill. 

I^.| J. II. 

BarON, AUAM {_<!. 1397). [Sw 

LVTOS.J 

ESTWICK nrEASTWICK. SAMI-SiJ.V 

I < iikniWas bom aix>ut lA57,i>r 

Trun ihai ht.' mu> ono of the 

.i':lwCliuprl R<iynl iindpr 

I'jrulion, and a clxirtBter 

f^ulfl lit W.I- mtiuD early datiri, lU'priV 

led B.A. kt CUrim Cburcb, Oxfont, m 



1Q77, M.A. in 1680. and H.n. in 1092. Hiw 
intimacy with Henry Aldrich, dean of CEuiet 
f'hurch, ?av« risii' to thelioT'l prithee, Sam, 
lill,' in AldricU'sfamoua smoking catcti. J-^iil- 
vrick vtM (irobiibly too sympathetic and coi)> 
etant a, frojuenlcr of llic rvuinrsaU uf tnuue 
held weekly in the <lenn'n IodKinpt<, to fall 
tinder the I'^tntnu- {muiilty deAit unto dHin- 
({Tients by the );eiiial Inwt, niiiixdv : the re- 
etriction for the one tveninp: to itnall Ixner, 
and exvlueiou from lUe neit taedtin^. Apurt 
from the pip? and {tiini.ihmi'nla, Aldncb's 
mauugemcut uf the cathedral choir wn« cX' 
Ci'llent, and llu- rn.-H' of |-l*twick isquoledby 
I lie nui hor of the ' Remarks on A nium'e Ebsa'y 
on Miii<ira1 Kxprcfixion ' bh a ' rttniarkublo' 
ini^Uiion of thf eUWrt of fiiich a training, lie 
wtt« not only an excellent and (ealous per- 
former in the i^boml duty until eiln:me old 
tticre ren(it!n.-<l him incajiable of it, but a re- 
niarkabli- fine reader awo.' II« Imfarai^ nisth 
minor prebvnd at St. Paul'H Cathedral in 
Uiyy ; si^niiir canlinnl, or mipi-riiilt^ndent of 
the choir, in Xovember I(W8, and sacrist 
<in ihi" ib-ath of Jamea (Tliflbrd in Kt-bniaiy 
160H-U (for the nffioe of ranlinal see Dpg- 
»&LE, i*i. Paul'*, (uid WsKVIiK, Ancient 

EstiK.'icli was nnDi>iai«dvicarof St. Ilelen'a, 
Iii".hopsjiHle, in l«Ul, and rector of St. Mi- 
rhn-d'ai, Queeiihit he, in 17 1 1i, but hi> continued 
1o perform bid cboral duty at tite <«thndral 
litl nvar the limu of hi)- decease, ' when little 
■b lift of ninetr yeani of agit. . . . Itcndinf; 
hetieath ibe weight of rears,' Ilnwkiuit pocB 
on to tny, " hut pr>"wr>-mB hia faculties, and 
pvpn hi.i Toio.?, whirb wfis a deep bo**, till 
the lofit, he <?ou4tanE]y attended hia duly at 
St. Padl's, habiird in a niintlice, and with 
Ilia hftid bpiid (•o^Tn.'d williahlack Miiincoif^ 
with grey hair round the edjjf of it,i.xliibiU'»I 
a figUTW the mo*t awful thut can well he win- 
wiviJ." IJe died on ItJ i-'.jb. 173><-H. Th« 
' reverend and truly venerable Mr. H->twit:k'' 
wa£ n-j^rvtliHl by the oulhor uf the ' lU'inarks* 
Kit a 'eood man and worthy iWjrrmnn,' w!iili« 
the ' London Evening Post ' of -jO I-'eb. Ix-ant 
witneiw lo hi« ' eiemplury piwty and ortho- 
dox principlefi.' l^<twick wiui mid by Haw- 
kins to have bt-en an tuuucceasful caudidulo 
for thi' Grtfnbom profroAorslii^ of music. ITu 
attended all the early meetin^u (from tliv 
Krst bcM in -lanuoiy l72&-4i> of thr Aca- 
deinr of Vocul MuKick, imd hia name lie««lft 
the liAt of eoutributurs. 

His sermon on ' The Ceefulness of f^hiirrh 
Ma*ick,'preafbMl at Cbriet Church, 27 Nor. 
\6Vii, upon the ocrn^iim of the anniviTMry 
meetinpof tlwloveiwof roueicon St. Cecilia* 
day, voa published in the mm« year by rc- 
ijiicst of the stevrardd. In tbc'dediciliory- 



Estye 



■14 



Ethclbald 



li!tt«r Eatw-icli deploms Ibc tfadviii^ of tli« 
ogu to 's nulled, i£ uot a difiue, uf cliiircfa 
munit-k,' Anollier s*nnori. delivered at St, 
Puul'a, was |mbli»bi;d in 160^. Ills numii- 
scrip: inuKtc M^m'sHrviMlal the MuaicSuIkkiI, 
And (It Chrifrt Churcli Librair, Oxford; it 
iDciudi.>a a motett, •oogs, uuo oUm Ui bo 
pcrlbruwd at tlw Artfl. 

[Sauip»Jn E«Evi(]('» works; HAwVinsV Hist, 
df Muiif, \i. ~6r : i'lua.1-111 1 MiLiii^al drii[>aiiiuii ; 
J)Uluutiii'» LDcidiuiutu iUdiriruui, I8u3, lii. 27. 
£62, ir. All : Oxford GmdnuLfs; Orovo'a Diet. 
of Hotic. t. 496 : Dri);inHl dominocita nlktirc lo 
tbo fint Mtsbtiubmutil. of Llio Aci(l<<Riy of VikmI 
ilvsic, MO BrlUBh Mtu«uin Addit, iiA. 11732 ; 
«xtrBfU ^ra Kt. Pnul'a Cstlicdnil Kwiidi', cup- 
plied by tbo K«v, W, Spamiw Sinmon, I).I). ; 
oh! newtpopDO, 1739; vorka aiuniiwiint Jilmw.] 

I.. M. M. 

ESTYK, GEORGE (1500-lOOt), divine, 
vrBx i.-duciitt-il nl 1'«iu4 ll-uUtTg^', <.'itiabrid^e, 
proce^Klin^ U.A. in 1580-1. lie waa sfiiT- 
W6rd» elifctwl a fpUnw iif lii« collfifi', i;riiii- 
nw-OL-od M.A. in lfiSJ,nntl pmce^ed B.I>.in 
IfiOI. In l^itS he "'■:? cuosen preacher of 
St. .Murr's, Ilury St. I-Mmuiidi. ITr died at 
Bury on if Aug. 1301, and wad buried in bi« 
cUurrh, wherB amoniunpnl, witjjo. Latin iii- 
efrriiitidnciMOpMScdbyDr. JoeeiiLHnll.bi^hup 
of N<»rwtirb, wan erm-uJ to bin memorv. 

HU widnw, Triplmsa, l>eciim<i thy jfuonid 
wife of Mattlii-w Cl«rk.% M.A. of ('liriit'* 
<'.^>ll*>(r(', (Inrabridpi, twi(?a mflvor of Ljna 
lieg\s, and >I.l'. fur tliat horimgli. 

|[etPtot«: 1. *AnExp<iflilion<mPadlm51,* 
2. 'An Expottition ou tbo Ti-a Oiiamnnd- 
iiM!<nU.' 3. 'An Kxpo^tion <in ih<^ Lonl'a 
Supper.' 4. ' The Doctriao of Fuitb ; or an 
Kxp>^i!iition on tlicCrtt'd." •). ' Kxpn^iiionon 
Cli<^ lir*t part of tht.' llfn.b Psalm. 0. 'The 
lIi*tory of tbtf Uiwp';!.' 7. ' Expoeilion on 
I l^^^■r i. la,' All tbu forejroing worlw tnn 
jirialtid in vuu volmu'.-, Luud'^n, l<Ki:i, -Jto. 
«, ' Ih- Ortitiidinc Salvlis, et ptrsevcnintla 
Sanctorum nou inlcrclsa, Uraliu L>.viaiiiLCuu> 
t)ibiigLielui)ntKa IJ. Kstfi'i Thi-oln^fi'i itutiimo: 
qnn, nan fociiritAtem p«'rv<>ri%m. ted max;- 
Qiiiin iiietat ia zt^lnm, rJ!rliludint» biijiix i^.-nui- 
num tnictum doinntwtrat.' In 'Du .i^riuinii 
tSviiti^nlin qua elcctiouwn oumpm pnrticuhi- 
rem, tidoi pm'^'istD docct inniti, Ifi#i't'.pl«lio 
tJcbuJi^lica inttT Nicolavm Gr«vincboi iiim 
Kr'l-T'Hlamum, ot Unlielmum Ainosiiim An- 
;liini,' Auiiitrnlam, 101^, pp. A9-70: and in 
.lftt'.lii-w HulUmV ' Brevis i*t dilucidaexiili- , 
entio vcne, ix'rtx>, ctconKuliilioni* pli'inu <Idc- 
trino; dc i-l'vliom-, pru-di'-liiialiom-, ac ^•p^>- 
hnt.i'^tn',' Hnnlcrwick, Uil3, ii. J.l, Ii M<i<inii 
thai tbie or anotb^rtrniitin'i f»v Kilyi* 'm liw 
saiiii- iiil<i<icl i» prinlMi in Itobort Snme'fi " !)<■ 
munisUurbti merits et ellic«cia,reinif6kiaU 



5i 



p'-'ccntoruu) p^r 6dvm Cfirlittulini>. vt ju 
cimlitf lidi'i jturHircrantia, trus ^lumi' 
lliird«rwii:k, lUlll. 

tAddit. HA. lOIEA. f. Ii»: Atantta 1 
Ainiti.{lUrtvrt),\tA4i6H ; L*ari<'r'» C«n 
p. 117; Ct>le'8>IS. xxviii,210; U"opor'n 

Cantnbr. ii. 31!>; MackorQll's Lyno, p. 107 f 

ntir'a IliU. Urit. p. 245^ Tiiylor* I.yna, p. 71 
Trmnw's St. Mary. Bufjr, pp. 1 1 1, 18«.3<aj 

KTHELBALD or JiTHELRAI 
(cI. 7<')7>, king of the Uercistu. I-Iil- ^on 
Alww, tb» son of llawa, a 3-(iun(f.?r lm>llt4 
of the Morcinn kinp: Fonda, wiuiin i^Arly lil 
driven from Mercia by C*olrwl, thi* pninef 
of Pt'ada,and took rofugcin tlif fon-<N>inirr 
While therv h« ulWa vUtted at (.'ruwlnti 
th'-- hennit Gutlilac, who also be!'>n(p.-d 
tbi.' roval bouso of Mcivu. Uutblac ca. 
fortt'd him tii hiA exile, and ifl taid to liai 

truphtfiit'd tliat ho would one diiy l»c< 
itiji not by vu'lcnor but bv tho ucX nf (iiMli 
and Ml it wjki that when <'«>olred diod in 71f 
hv 8iicco4.>t^'d (f iiietly to th« tbrom- of }[er 
i^Arta .VS. .April, ii, .17 ; (he otorr !-■» it^M tn 
iDtheromancoofthopMudo-In^iiir.ed.Savi 
p. 81X1 N}. ; thL> dat« of .Htboibald's aoM 
iiou is tixi'd by Bju>a, JIu>l. Jvx-l. v. iX, an 
A.'K Vhron. aub an.) yKlhclbatd, who 
iJi-Kcritwd aH a bravc and impatuoiu war ' 
carried ou tilt rxttiniuon of tbn Mercian poi 
with auch rnnyy and Hnceeaa, that in 75 

bti wa4 iLckr»>wl<-dgpd a* (ivcrlnnl by all it 

kin^and peoples of aoutliem England as far 
north u the llumbiT (B,a:i>a, r. 'i^i\, and iu 
s charter of about tbU timr^ fttyl''^ hini.« 
' kinit not only of the Mercians, but also 
all ill* provincM that are ralliil by ll 
common name of South-l-^pUidi ' (Kuuiti 
Cbd&r jyipt. p. b3). Many wars liad 
wi^od bi^Cwx-ntho Mi^rciand and ibq Wm| 
Saxons, each pl^<:lpleslrivin|I toad*nn«i'jj~ 
baundnrrat tbcexpen<i^ of lht> other. 
ruMgnatioQof lui', and the ciril di^con 
had followed il, bail gtvfin /Klbi-Dmld ll 
upporCunitv for compelling lh»! \\cst-.Siwi« 
III ovknowliidgp liLK aiipcriontv, iitid b« fui 
tht^r look sdvantagR of r-mlMLrrai^mcjiUt 
/ICthelhoard, Idp's succei*aor, to invade 
kingdom. In 7,%'^ he took 'Siimcrtun,' wlita 
it swuLs reaaonable to idoniifr wiib Sompi 
ton in Som«rH>tsluni {A.'S. C'hnti. Kub at 
Making of Etuilnnti, p. 31*4. It has, ho* 
ever, been contended that it was Sunivrlo^ 
ueurOxliird. This thi-ury hiia bivn nifut« 
««ti*faclorily by Mr. J. Parker; but on 
stroii^th nf a notim of thv ett<>nt of .Klhc 
Iwltt's I'lm-cr given fey Henry "f flunti 
don. wnich hl^ fails t<^ i(*, ix moruly a Tcrac 
of Uit; passage in Biedn r«f«nvd to above, 1 



Ethelbald 



'S 



Ethelbald 



ftoni "31 io 733, ho propoie* to 
- U)wii lAkcn hy .l-;th<>lbAld with 
>ai;ruiii on tlio ItorderB of Lincoin^Wiv. 
iiriy llUtor-y r.f Oiffrti, p. 108). The town 
ttiai<l to h&i'i; Kuxtnim-d n rt>gukr eiej;?. and 
tiKV* li«!ii *iirTL'tnlen.-d by ilj (tofriidOTS 
rben it -wad I'vkk'nt tlml do succour would 

BeUt to tllrlll tllnN'RY t.p llfXTlSfilWS, 

'^6). W'itii ilH Biirruuduf iHu wiir iwiime 
I hftVe end<^l, t b'-' Wcst^axoti kiiiirdoubl less 

Bmn nD:(t tu luivu (.iidi.'aviiun'd lo ux> 

lis (iomiiuiin bn}'<>iid Ibr Hmuber; for 

rliili' Kudbrrtit of Xflrtliuinliriawiuienga(r*-'d 

o war wiih iliy i*icl« in 740 !ip ravup-dlitfi 

Und iKp. ad Bj^ik). In 7 13 be rarric-d on 

jlsucciSufulwu'a^iluttbeWelHh.in nlliaiicv 

~ riilithf West-Saxon king,Cntbrfd'<i.v.\who 

wjiv<I liini M Iu« overlord. Ciilbr^d, uow- 

tfnund ihi^ Mercian yok^ intolomblff. for 

Ibalil \m Ksid lo lui\ '.■ uppn-ss^d llif ^V «i>t- 

(tno« -with (■xni'lioitP, niiJ to have treated 

with ins«iltii<:o (Uexbi or llrsrixo- 

),l'ih)- Act"r<iingly,aft>Tht>hadbroiiglit 

Inm to '^rdpr, ("utbred made wbp on 

Ibald in "«>?- 11^ croMtnl tlwt Tlmmc* 

Imntcd to Bcorpford or Hurfnrd, ahoiiT, 

milva to the nonli-we*t of Oxford 

l), ThK wur hud probably bcfiiin 

lime iK'foK' llii)i, n>r llio nnuy which 

[-'t}ifl)mld li^tl a^aiiuit, bini was coai|>osed not 

of M'-Tcuins but &\%Q (if troops from 

bar counlrii-,* tbnt Vtt-tr: subjt?«'I to I he 

king, from Kent, Esbi>x. and East 

nclitt. IIk- l«ltltf wa" ticntt iind iilnstittatf, 

Mbiit h armi^-i Aliko were animated ttiI h th« 

^of victory. At t m-kB wero mndf by both. 

Bvar .EtholbalJ I'otiRlit bia wMpon 

lugh the armour and iha Ixnies 

^^^^ siea ; at whatever point the W»t- 

ftV^^kldnrtnan /Elhdhun tbc Proud nl- 

rkfd tho Mi-rciaii M)uar«, his bnttl^axo 

[ii:imt>paiL ibr<iiic-til1i>^irranksindstrawi_'d 

wiih r".'r(.'*i;s. At l"fl 'be two nwt iaceto 

and I-iui-'lit it wliilr_- together in single 

It. Tb'iL thi' kini;':' Spirit fnik-d.autl ho 

I. -'iriitrinvHiiliengiiged 

. Tbt-'MDrciatuwere 

-i.ii limt hinBuporiortty 

[)o\ver Nti5tained a blow 

'i-ii.H^rwd. for from that 

li him {ib.) 

li ht-ncfactor to the 

I * tu Cveshain I KcVULK, 

'i^; .Iftwuu/jwn, ii. 14), 

'■" ), mid other ecclw 

1, nnd h^' CTtBodpd 

ttnUhip, 1 ' ' iry 

lOIOl, lo tlucli->t.T it'.-. /.*l, una (i.. :!t, 

I'l Abbuy in the Itio of 'I'hoDot (ib. 



B4; Monn*ticon,i.XXS,)', h«-- tnadv a grant (o 
Abingdon in conjiinMion with .Kibi'l)i>-ard 
(Ecxui^ 81 ), and giiv(> n charter lo GliLston- 
bury, which was coiifirmi-d by Cuthred in 
744 (i$. 03 ; 0«ttn Iteyum, i. 65). J4i; uUo 
inadG a gnui'^nil grant in 7-lti frm-itig mooa^ 
lerios &ndcliiir^-b>>9 iVoiu all lull nud srjrrica 
except tlif ubtiifacionof building brtdgKH and 
dcfunding f<)rt r<:iv8Ce ( K tH [iLB,tH< : Ecel. I)i>at- 
wmif», iii.-'ISO: (^Mfa A'-ynmi. i. Gol, Accum- 
paiiicd by his ealdormcn and other nnbW h« 
pMsidvdovor the couiiL-ilofCloveHho, which 
wiui lifcld by Arirbbt.>>bnp Outhbrrbt in 747 
and aUcndod by biflh^jps from every kin(*doni 
south of till! llnmWr (Errl. Dorumenln, ili, 
."^tO). Thfi influence oi \\\n ovprlordship iii 
cburch matters is also illtiiitrate<) by the vluc> 
tion of three Mim-inna to thu »o« of <'ani*>r- 
bury (.Srt'BBS, IHet. of (,'hrijitiaii HifMrrapJhf), 
NcTortholwM, he was a man of «randalrniidy 
uvil lif«. Jletw<K>n 744 and 747 Boniface, 
the. Kat^ViMh arehbi-ibop of Mttntz, and five 
Gfrmau bishop*, wrolt tiJio alettprin whirh, 
whilrt ac]niowU>dgine biii liberality, they 
strongly remonstrated with him on the im- 
moral connect ions hpformH while neirlwling 
ta enter intolawful mtirriiiiie,on kisviolalion 
of nuns, and ibe geai-ral iiutjuity of his con- 
duct, and Konifttcc iwnt litters to a prieat 
named IIer«frith and to Lcgbirrhi, archbiskap 
of Vork, prnjinp ibem to urge th« king to 
comply with tbc aiLvice that had been giren 
him and amend hia wayii. A lwi<;r from 
Boniface to .Stlwlbold shows that they 
went on frlc iidir tt<rm» ; tlu* king had obliged 
the archbiahnp, who in return ^ent liim pre- 
sents {£^1. Voc. iii.3.'rf(-iJ0). A K'lter from 
■jfidilwald'to Aldbelm [a. v.) whde abljot 
nf Mnlmesburyaiirribed tovKtheibttld (Sfonu- 
mmta MoffitntiHn, p. tt-">) was cijrioinlv not 
wrilti-n hy tiim (Stf brh). After a reign of 
forlv-oae years .ICtliflbald ivni* slain ui Sec- 
candunc or Swckington in Wurwirkuhin;, in 
757 (lutrod. to Ho^^bdiht, i.), by hU own 
guards, who fell upon him at nighl (ap. ad 
BiKOaii), or in battle there (Hbkbt of llu viw 
rsflDON, p. ":?!)), or by Heomned, who itiado 
himirclf king in his stead (Kt/iKKSTE, i. I'tSfl). 
Till? three vp nil oiw wcv nut nece-tsarily con- 
Hiding; awarwilh the n-bol Beornnfd.and 
a night attack upon the king'* cump in which 
hia own moo, or perhaps Boomrn^dhiinwlf. if 
a king's tbe|;n, slew bum, would give an in- 
cidentof whii-h each writer rt^ferrMj lorolalca 
a part, .Ethtdbald was buried at Itcpton. 
A Itttter from an unknown writer deteribM 
a vision in wfaioh .Ktbelbaldwasacvoin tor- 
mvnik after hts de;«lh (il/o/i, Moyunt. p. 275). 
[Kipdir Hi«t. I'atI«w,. Ap|u>ndia, Mon. Hist. 
Brit.; Aitzlo-.'<aioa Ctinn. (KnCa .Ser.|; llsnry 
<if lIiUtingdoD, UoD. lliat. Beit.; Flonoc* of 



,^a£^ 



Etheibald 



Ethel 



WoTOEslor (Kii((!. Hint. Soc.)- KviulAn't Cod«x 
I'ipl. (Eugt. QiBi.Soe.): Wtlliuoi oi'.Mnlniaibiiry, 
0<M« IlcfutD (t^tigl- Hiel. fiae.]: lladi\aa nii 
HtMbW»aKitiM.Tiot.in.; Dugdalv'sUoiiaatioMi; 
ViiH 8. Outhbi«i. Acta SS. BoLland. Ap. ii. 37 : 
MntiumiiiU HpKuntina, rp- 3S. 374. ud. Jftfi% : 
])t>tjufi Stu1)li»'B nrl. 'lahelUnld' Ju Diet, uf 
Cliri»ti:itt Biog. ; l'*rker's ErfIt Hirt. of Oxford 
(0«frtM Uifct. Soc); Grctn's Making of Eng- 
Und.] W. U. 

ETHELBALD ur .fiTHELBALD («t. 

800), kiti^ of tk« 'n'eBt-Suons, tJie seoond 
HJii of .-Gilielwulf, WM pirMent witli his 
iutlier at llie virtOTT OTcr tho Scandinariitn 
piraU-a nt Ockkv in Surrey in B6I, aiitl U 
wiid liv AilMT lo Kave coiiB|>in<d with Ealb- 
Btaiii biiOiop oi Skcrbomv, &iid thv Wvei* 
Saxons to ouppla tit ^i-]lhKlvnilf wliilo cm hi* 
pilfrimagQ to Kome (86&-0). On ^Ktlisl- 
wiiir* r*tiim /KtliBibuld and liU party rw- 
fuBcd t(» allow him to rontiiiuo to mi^ in 
W«M«x ; he n>tireKl toKtmt.aiid .Kthelbnld 
niI*dovfTihp\Vwr-Sftx<in«ro'>l'ie«'rnaiters 
we Bnw Tiill^v wilder Eihelwulf]. Wben 
.KtbelwLiirdiL-d 111 8o8, be took to wife bis 
fatlicr'K widow, Judith, tlic daugblvr uf 
Chnrli-" tli^ Ibid, ^(r»utly to the ac-andal uf 
till inei) (Ai<aElt, |>. 4~'2; Kehblg. CotUj- 
IPipt. lU^iAnnalr^ ItTlimnni, Prcdrxticji, 
t>riHV II tins bo«niiiigvr)«iGd 1 lint the reamn 
ofllii8ranrri»gew««p«riplyi>oliticiil(CJm;tx); 
it i» iK-rhrtTW mni* natural to bfliPT*- that it 
fit h I -t showed u t«nd'-'ncy to ado{>t old heat lien 
customs [sfp under Kinnii.D], or wn« i>iinn|r 
tho rffliill of inclination. It is said Ihat 
Swithuri, bishop of Winchc)«J-?r,te|i«ivi?dth<> 
kill); for bi[> riii, and ihnt he Kpcuced and 
■r|iaral<:!d from Judith {A»r/lJa Sxirfiji-ltH). 
This^however.iaextivuit-Iytloublfiil.Hiiddoi^s 
not rest on i^wd uuthority. Judith did dot 
rvtitrn U» tnmiv u^ntil aftor .Etbelbald'* 
dmth. Rnd ehu wai- ihvn ejk'Iicii uf an his 
widow (-1/i»./fr/-/rM.Hlsc»*K,8(l2>. >+;ih.-l- 
b^d dio<l in H4K) (.\jtK£u). ait«r a rd^ ol 
fiv«yean {A.-H. Chmu.), which miut jiro- 
b*bl]r borockoned from the datt> nfhia fatbt-rV 
d^fparture from Kngland in STiG, Hh was 
bimr.-d nt Shorbornr. All Kni^land i« wid 
to hose nioitriifd for him, and in after yean 
lo buv>- Ml how much it hud loot by his 
death ( IIkxby oi' llv.vnxoDoK. p. 737 ).' Th^ 
ahare Iip bmi in the \lcIory of Uckley, and 
iJio peace ibal, to judge from ibo »il<;nco of 
the chroQiclpra, pn-vnilod during Iiih n-i^rn, 
are cnou^ to explain ihs repret with whirh 
liix people are aaid to ban' n.-nH-mbf-red him. 

[Atiglo-StJton Chron.. Awfr. Ilcorr of Iluat- 
inplou. nil in M»n. lliai. Bril. ; KEnilln'a C'od*x 
J>i|<l. (Kd^I. Iliat. Soc): Aaanlca Hcnio. k1. 
WBitx,Scnpt. Iterura (lorm., Poftc; Wliartnn'i 
Aiiflia3acra;tinwi'aCctsq.of EugL] W. n. 



ETHELIiERT. ,«THELBERHT, <ir 
JEDILBERCT (,VjL':-yiU), king of Kent 
SOD of Kormt^iirJc, ihu grandson of Oot~ 
aUI«d Uiac, from whom tlw KvniiNh kin 
took tliu [latronnaic of Oi^un^s or ."^iciiif^ 
aud who wan llin »an of llt-ngvtl-, is said oo 
KOtnuwhni doubtful aiKhoriry to have 
bocn ill /).')i ( ,^.-.S', CAron. Canterbury). 
BUCCee<lMtotWthn>ti(.-uf Kt>nt in .JtWCllJ 
liut. £ccl. ii. A; iu06A A.-fi. C'AroM.).aad : 
dSSendiitvoured to extend bin kingd'.mi w< 
wards br marcliin? into ih« diftrict b^twe 
the An<Ir«djweala and th« Tliaiuv*. Hn 
liowrtver, hr' wtM met by lh« West-Saxot 
under C«awliu nod hie broth'-r Cutha, wl 
dufcatod him at Wibbandune or WiinbU 
doo, and drove Lim buck into Kent, 
married Itttrtha [i^. v.], daufthtrir of lli 
bvrl or Charibert, kin^ of tlii^ Frank»T wb 
rt^iifncd in Parin, by hi« wife IngoWrE. prt 
miaingher paroni^i) that tdie And X}w bkuiQ 
»h^ brou^t over nirb her, Lindhard, biahc 
of Senlis, ahoiild be allowed to practi«(>tb<: 
religion without iutcrruptiou. Accurdiugt 
ho fftvv htrr the Itomaii church of 8t. Mnrtti 
lo tlie eiut of hiM cupilal OnntiTbiir)-, that^ 
the mitfbt worship there. (In thf di-jilh of 
C'vawliu in 56A .hthelberhL'a power uppt-ai 
to liavo inuroaaMi gn-al ly ; h>- (laiiu-d sui 
macy over all the Tjifriisll race aoulh of 
llumbxr, and if therefore reckoned as 
tbiri Brelwaldft (JI.eda, Huf. Keel. i. L»Ji,il 
.■■. i A.-Ji. Chw». Si'"). In Gy7 he beard 
till' landing of St. Aui^u^lin*' and his < 
puniona, and sent to tut-m hiddiuK lb>-m 
Diniii in the Isle of Tbaiiet imlil he lixd di 
t«nniu(;d what to do, and Ivllini; ibuin 
in lh»i meantime he would provide for th« 
Attter some dti\n« he came to the island wit 
hi» tb'.f{nj*, and, titling in tbv open air It 
the Ktran^errk should ca.-ii ap-tU upon bin 
liuvo uudienoe to th« missionaries, yfht 
they had finiMlted thrir di)>counH'4 ln' iinawrtr 
that their worda and pmmiM>s were fair, bii 
KH ihdv were new and doubtful he would nc 
for^e what hn and thu whoU- Knpli^h 
had so lonjj held. Nevertheless, a-- tlieylin 
ciomo so far in ordi-r to Icll him what tbv 
belit-ved to be true and profitubb-, h^i woiill 
US? then boapitHbly ; th«'V should ha^'c wbal 
eror Ibuy nved'.-d, and Dii|,'bt, makecudi voo 
verl* as they could. Itisanjiwershinvs that 
he had not Uiarut onytbine about clirUiianit] 
Irnm tlw* (itiMiii or her bishop, tboii^b ha ' 
willing to extend the fullest tolr-rntinn 
tbosB who desired to teach it. He ^ave 
misaionariM ft dwolting in Cant'-rbiiry, ' 
vided them with food, and allowed them 
prMch. Tfa^v ii»ed 8t.3Ianin'scburcb, 
(rained (cveral coaveri*. ..'Kihelberbi 
aelf waa convened, aud waa ha^ Ll^, daul 



Ethelbert 



Ethelbert 



Kt. M*nin'ji rhuri'Ji, attd in<H>t \}T<f 
nn Wliii«m»i8v 2 June. Fmm ibot 
OKWiinlM lilt Mpiniiwlj' fomnnlwl th"j 
^t>rk of Ait^^ttiiit. Ilf iliil not forc*^ any 
vlopt liiit Bfw n-liifioii. but uliowffd 
; (Amur ti> ihiiw* wb.» diil no, ttn<] fit 
iriEtmRitii)** iir<t>r tits ba]>tifrtiK.t oaany 
trn (hniiMtiil ]viij.').s!i «n- situl to have 
MInW(.'<] fiin '.xiLiJii'l'- l(fn'),i>ry l^i Ivulogiux, 
i»hitp i>r Alt-Jiiinitria, ZIt^ IhHtimi-ntt. iii. 
H. U--- p*v>: iMi 1. - -i-'I'ico at Coiilorban' 
Id A>i);'iMin>.', I liia p.-sidi'uo.' to 

IcriiiftT. Am;;-! i- Ium oi>Tiii^i-ration, 

Xovciiilf^r ha', i» taid tu luivo piir:({«l tliv 
alt> whrnt .Kl]»-]lH-rht nml li'tK iicibli-« 
I to worpliip. and wlicrc nn imnire of tha 
Btnnd, «»d to linvo d«<licj|led :t nn m 
irvlittti rliun-lk in lumour of .St. Pnnm!^ 
CUuRX.c^i). li«0>. .Kth<<)berlit helped liiin 
jild ati dnnrnt Itotnan cdiircb, which 
lii^lix) In h'mrtiir <}{ tliv .Saviour, that 
~Hii; ' < ilrol ehurrh for bimsf^lf 

niid -iid iW kiiif; ulso built 

Ih* i;:,i-ii. -It .•-.-. I'etM Btid Pftul (ftflL-r- 
^rud'cnllrd St. Auirii?linu's>, nhicb was tio( 

It • .■■» d..-Jitb. InllOl M.d- 

1 1 1 I rift of Knman mifwion- 

bK' ■' - Ucr fr<)raPopeOri'KijrT, 

tin;; him tudi-Mroy idt^litimii^K-inpli'i), 
rith the \eX\oT tbc pope sent htm eome 
VrMcntA. bofory; Au^'ii^tino dinl ((M)4) 
Jbvrbt, wiib ilif advicv of liiii witnn, 
Iktsl a body of writt«>n dooms or taws 
'itini; to t.b« Human foahion';' tliio ix>d>% 
wan llius a ri'Jiiilt <if iIih hiiiH's ivin- 
ii,oonlaiiunin4.'lylawe,rhi«.'fly<)iri&(iii^ 
n rM^'.uninrv' Htnfn>(« to Iw miidv for vvrrv 
id and dpfrrce of injury, and bef^nninp 
R'itb the BDiountA la be paid for injuring Ibv 
prtiptTl* iif thnrliurrh nr thnrbirfiy O'l'^RP'^i 

■ I). .^^rb«'ll)r<rbtbuiUadiurch 

■ lir^U-r, for J'istuii, wb'i raniu 
> ('.[i^iiTKi III (iOl, nitd WM iinlBintil bii)hiip 

l)y Auir'^'tint', It must aUn bnve been due 

hi* inriii'-niN' that S,T?bcrht, tbf "wn of hi* 

*lvr Utt-uU, the undiT-tEtn^ of Ibn Ka.-<1- 

B, ui'rrpliil tbi? ttNicbiti); of Mollitu>t, 

'builtlfiec-biireh'if St.l'iiul iiiLuiidou, 

Til, ,;,i]i. [ru! .l.i.r.-!, of ilrililus and 

I :h dutli Au^UEiino 

i< iiM of orjrnntMklinn, 

ii'Iik'b muUn Loniion tUn mf>trnj>oIi» of the 

itftbi-m jircrini^, hv onUininf; Mt-llitint 

'il' London and T.atin-iit.iii* to W hit 

•'•r n* ''aiiu-rbury, and this airan^r^ 

'-'If^As Riudt^ with the approval 

wh') would be uuwtlliii|; that 

liU^ shuuld ItK taken fr>im Kent and 

t-U (u an nndfr-Vininiiim. .Klbiil- 

niii*: ' ' : < ' il ICjfxtwald of Kiut 

iagl'ia I lunity, for be was 

YUL. Hfiii. 



iMiptiw-d inKpnI. llwdwald.howpTer.tumed 
bark TO tbi- wr>r^bi|i of iii5 old p^d^ii, huA 
ftKWB lo Uuve pxlended hi* pow«r lit the i-x- 
pcnw of the Ki-nti»h kinjf, for brfore .llthc!- 
berlii dii}d the ieudvntlup in Kngland bad 

SosmJ from him to Ititdwald. (Jui^pii llt^rtba 
iod bvfuro hi-T husband, and .Kthelbcrht 
mairitHl atiolh<-r wift-, whumi [uiiu" hiu not 
I bE«n rcconled, nrnbubly bf^ranw ttbn nftvr^ 
HurvJs marm-d (iier atvp^ou Badlald [t(. r.J 
.!;th.-lUTiil diwi on i>l PVb. <il((. afti^r a 
' rciffnoffifty-six veara.andwas buried in tho 
I I^irch orcluip".'! of Hi. Martin in tbufhtirrh of 
SS. Telerand Paul. Hir left thn-<! cliildrfn: 
a fon, K.idb&M, w)io liad r*^fiiti«d to scri-pt 
chriniiniiity,nndwho«uPcct'dw]hiii!; and two 
daiiffbtfr^, .l-'th«Uiitrb,Hl«o call»l Tale, who 
mairit'd Kndwini>, kin^ nf t he Non humbrianx, 
and Kndbiirh.abbuM of Liming. ^Klbvlburbt'K 
name appeare in thi; ealemlar. Unu chartor of 
liifi, grunted on iiS Ainil 0O4 lo tbechurcbof 
SL Andn'wnl RfMdH->l>>r,i«nn>bnblTi^nuine; 
fourotht>rH attributed to hiio, logeiher wi;^b 
a l«tt>^r gnid to hurt- bvH^n wrillvn to him bv 
Hotiifnr.- IV,Ar<i drtiibtfiil or spurious (7^/c-ji. 
Uo^uMeitti, iii. 51-tW, ii5). 

fB»die Illat. KccIm. i. <:. H, 36. 3A, ii. <*. S 
i.f^l. }liHt.Soc); Angio-Siisao Chron.imb ^il 
!iSh.66S: Oreg. of Tours, Uiat. i'ntDrortini. iv, 
c. 36, ii.c. 3G; Thon, wl. 17*0, ed. Twyadun ; 
Acta SS. Dollaod. Vob. iii. 476; Haddon and 
^tuljWx OouDcila and Koeles. DocaaicDt*. iii. 
r^67 ; hi^. of Chriviian Bioc. art. ' Rthidbi;rt,' 
by Bi>-hnp StubU ; Oreeu'i aakiag ot Englaod, 
in. IIT. 235. 2lft.l w. n. 

ETHELBERT, .STHELBERHT, 

vBOELBRIHT, or ALBERT, SAisr (J. 
7!)-l ), kin;: 'jf iht.' Eost-.A nplf*. was ixdicudod 
in 7^-1 by ifat; cummaud ot' Utjn. king of the 
.M.-ttinns ( J.-A'. Otrait. (tub an. 7!)^). To ihia 
dimple ann'juortiiui'nt of th» (.'brutiicliT I'lu- 
r«"in.'i" 'if AVorii-nttT addc Ihut be wo* ihe son 
of Ktn^ .-Ethelr<;d and hia queen Leofranii, 
that he was dear to L'hrist iind Id.ihn-i^l by 
nil mrn, that Ofla «1cw bitn tntocberoiulyt 
Ix'itifi slirrud up to do lO by tus qu«eii Cyne- 
tbryth. and that lie was n>c«iTrd In liMTcn 
ua u martyr (l-'WR. Wio, i. fii>, :J»y). Ilia 
lift) wa« written by Giroldiis Cambronsi*, 
who. as a caiiua of llvrclurd, woe anxiotut to 
do honour to thp ]iatron of bis church ( Of* 
raUii Opera, i. 415, 421. Tbu manuw-ript in 
the C-otton Library, Vtttdl. E. vii., wna copied 
hy Diifi^lalc. and han nowpeiuheil. Dugaala 
sent his copy to the editors of tbv 'Acta 
.Sanctorum, hut they did not helieTr* that 
tho lifv waa the work of Giraldus de Itarri, 
but of somd other and ialt-r canon of Hitc- 
ford callsd Oiraldu*. and ncrordinfrly inserted 
in thvir cillHction the lifn from tlin Uromp- 
' ton compilation, with fiome additions fraia 



•^K^il^ 



Ethelbert 



Ethelbert 



llmworlt of rMrm,!diis ; Itl(RWi:ii. l^n-iiice to 
OiralJi (.hm&. 0/>fm, p. Ill ; Aif/liu Harfti, 
ii. pref. xxii : Acl't 6*.V. Mnii v. 71"). Wil- 
liam iif M Hl'nt^»l>iiry i>av« that Offti sl«w 
/Ktlii*lhprlit in orJir to gain his kinf^nm 
{Of»l'> Itrgum, nw. fi4H, tlist l»wwo<Hii Offn** 
dAiij.;htt;r, that \\i» flonctitrwaj attf^od b^ 
evident si^^ after hi* denth, that liie relics 
adomt-d tht- rathr-dral nf Ilfrefiwd, of which 
h<! wuA tho [lalmi), and that DansUin lield 
liiin lu ri'veiVQCT' (WmM Pfn/tft^Hm, p. -SOd). 
In the li vrv* of Ihc two OfTa^, &«cribed to Mat- 
thow I'arifi, .'Kthelberht, or Albert an h» ta 
there cftllt-d, is said to have bcf-n in%-it(^d by Off* 
t'jcomi'To his ci.»iirt to innrry hiii third d&utrh- 
t'r,,-EIflicd; ihequtyrnadviiwlherhiiihaiKlto 
«Uy him, and whi-a OiraiiidiKiuiotlyrc>jt.<<:t<^d 
hiT cfiuntnd, d»lcnuiiied Lo Uny him hiTwdf. 
Accordingly ehe prepared a teai in her rJiam- 
bw ovf>r H pit, invitptl th« youatf man to 
ooiDfl in and talk wiih hi^r diiug'nt«r, and 
when hp came in bade bim ail Anvn and 
nwkit bcr nrriTaL The m>at fell with him 
into tbe pit, and be waA tlien vUin by thr 
gliani« u-hom ehe bad stationed for the puc^ 
puw ( Vita Offct Secundi, \i. flW). Thu aiunc 
AifTj Kfpe&n, with aoiue xljgbt vari«tionit, in 
tli£ warS of tho Si. ^Vlbans compiler of the 
flmt part of the ' Chroiiicn MnjonL ' (i. 3.V)). 
St. Alhanfl writers, howsTor, h&d gooA K>tiMn 
to adopt n >'LT<(ion of the etory thiit toolc th« 
blame off their founder. Kichard of Oirrn* 
Cwl«r giv«s the k-et-Jid io it£ fullesl form : 
Ottljthcnuun poinI« nfliislong narrative ne<vi 
begivenberc. .i^thelberht, theBonof/KilicI* 
rea and l^corcronica. was brought up ivli- 
ffioualy and Bocceedud to his &iChffr*« taroiio. 
\Vhoii ursed by his couiuellora to marry, !>« 
declared \m prefervncn- for a virgin lifi-j hut 
at last yielded, and n^rm-d to woo Altrida 
(>Elfthryth).thcdAUf!'til*Tof (IBu. Alllinunh 
bismotlu*rwn4a{niQ»t this plan, helrifi liis ca- 
pital, Bttderogt (Bi-drtrh(-*wiirlh, i«fl«^rwan1» 
St. Edmunds Bury), and afU-r a jonrnpy, 
during' wliicb an i'iirtlu|iuik(> and nn (^lipne 
iu vain wanitHl him of liin fat<*, camo to 
' Villn AtntndiV where Offa resided. \Vh«» 
Allrida hivw hfir lover iho brolcD into warm 
expr«MioQH of admimlion, and declirwl that 
her father ought to achnowlislge his RUpr^ 
inacy. Thin disftkaied hvr mothur, who 
thought that there was Home danger l«gt 
Ulfa »haitld bv Fuppluutvd by Itia intended 
a>)n-iii-law. She ihvn'fivr^ |>oi«ODed Offi»'fi 
mind against him, ha ihAt b- accepted the 
offer of a certain OrimbiTt to bIat Iiim. 
jF.thclhcrfat WHS invited to an intcmc'wwith 
lti<^ \mg, and when he came vt» bound, and 
Itcliitul'^d br Grimt»Tt, Hivbody waa buried 
dishonouraoly, but reveali'd it«o!f by a light, 
•nd WM conreywl to lltruford, where it re- 



cviwdhooounble buriftl ; liin head w»apl 
in a RfaritM) in Si. I'tfter's at Wt«lminab 
(SpeniiiiJH nUtoriale, i. 2G2 eq.) Th" eoE 

)>ihiti()u known luc Itronipton'a 'ChniuirM 
las much ihM same etory, with a fuw adc 
tional parlicularv about th<s wuit'« burial 
the bodr with (ht head wai flnii bnriAl q 
one of tKe bankx of th« Lug^. Un the i hit 
night the saint hade a ccTtatn nobl<^ uamt 
Brithfrid to take it up ud cnny it loapli 
iiiime<l }>triitu*-way. A» lie and one 6S hi*' 
friend* were taking it to this plue. tht-liMd 
fell out of thu cart and henl«u a blindj 
Fmally Ihfvburitd the bodvat Feral. 

firvaent Hereford. .Ethelfcerhi's int 
iride brramp n hermit. Oflii repented of I 
iiin, gave much land to the tDUtvr, ' whid 
the church of Her^fonl holds to the pr 
diiy.' frtumU-"! and endowed St. AlbaiUj 
other monaiteries, and tinaUy sought J 
tion by Tiinking liis historic pilfrrii 
llo!iip(llno«rTO!c. col». r4>*-54). 8i. .1!i! 
bt^rhl'n day is I'll Mey. Ilia memory was he 
in ^rejkt honour, vtiiHicially at llcrvford. Ufr 
widi-31 lb*' cnthtHlral tlwre, iK-veral churehea 
were dedimtcd to him, and lus namv 14 lur 
by one of the pftewnv* leading Ut the o tin 
drol at Norwich, Hi« life wm writu-n ' 
C»sbert of Claiv (MS. C, C. C. Cambr. 
CoU. Inly, 0<f. 135; hoc Haildt. Cat.i 
Matrriat-. I. 4y.VC). The MS. Cott. Til 
10. i. in eilber nn abridgmt-nt from the ' Sj 
euluni' of Kicbard of ClMnenr»ter, or ll 
fixindntion i>f hi« narrative ; it waa adopt* 
by Capjn^A'e. Another unimpuriaot nanii- 
srriitt is Ciift, Nen> K. i. 

(.Anclo^ion Phroi.fnl.nD.THa; noreilMi 
Woixmrtsr, i. S2, 2«2(Eaitl. Ht«!.Soc.); WilH 
nf Jlalin**liurv. flosu Rrgum, sw. 8« (I 
IIi«l-S<v t .C^ IVialiflcani, j.. 3l>A(lt»ll*anrJ 
VitmrXTf'Rei'nwli. p. 980. «t. Walls; Chr 
jom. r. 354 ( IJoll* Scr ) ; Riehnwi nf Cir 
Stit«ntamHiiitoriii]o,i.2S2»r^.(K " 
iirBromi'too.TOl*. 7<'Mil. T« ■. 
Xoral-'- ■ '■• ^■'••>>i Did. oi ■.■■. 
arl.'Kt . l;^BiahopSt«bt>«: nrt'ure 

freriK^' I ' I 'imbreitaisOpRm, V p. xl 

p. 407> vbere the Lif« from Brumpt'iu i«j 
with the aanoliila gathured frim thr. InM, 
by tlimldus; Wharton's Aoclin SacM, il 
p, audi; Acta SS. Boll^nd. Mnii r.TI*: Uiiii) 
C*t,of Matwiiils. 1.496-0 (f:yIUS(ir,)l W, H. 

ETITELBERT or .STHELBERHT (< 

SWi. king of the Weat-Saxnna qnd Kentis 
men, the third son of .'Kthvlwulf. Imtw tl 
tit!.! of king in H-W CKemhia tW«r, 
p. tJOR), and probably about that lime BlW_ 
m>ded his eldeft brothrr, /Ktlielhinii. wf 
undtT^kinir of Kent : hi* reign "v"* Ihat 
kinnplnni is. however, spoken of ii' 
in 855, whun his father left En^'^ 



i:r). B_t .Kllielwiilfa will, 
1 1 irih, or tliinl curvivinp. Hrm, 
jtlmuiil lui\f bUL't'i-vilei] to tliB tJironc of Wcj^ 
pM un tbu (]'.'ul)i uf .'KlliflbnUi, and .Elli<>l' 
^iwrht «lioiil(l littve Tvuiiiiii«(l hing <rf K<>nt. 
Th'u) Lrrangomcnl v&», hnwerr-r, not iihkI", 
fttui nn llui d>«th iir-Klhr-DMili] in ¥tKI,.'Kthel' 
red succe'dwi to the W.-sf-^Jtu.in hingsliip, 
uul th« kin^fdom of Kciii was again uoitod 
lo th*' rr-|. uf imutiicm England [wee uodw 
KoKBKTj. In .■KilifU«-rhl's dny«"tho Danca 
ImmImI ia UttlDD^liire, and ut-kvd WiucbcH- 
ler, hut w#i» (k-iw»)*d by thf forc^ of 11 amp- 
tinrv niid H'iltshir*'. I'roLuiMv ju tliu winter 
of HtiJ'& another band of pirates fniiii Gaul 
lu()k uji <|tuirt>T*iiiThiu]«t, uidtbi'Kentiah- 
men offered ihi^iura'iQerrorpfniv, Wt wliil«f 
till:' fviux lasted, though hetorc lh« money 
mx paid, llir*v aii'ldimlj luft their quartera 
and mcajjfxl t (i« t-aatcni jwn of Ki>nt. .Kthcl- 
b«rht liiini in HWl, afU-r reicnin;;; five yearn 
OTBT Wesnci, and, nornrilitig to A*wr, ten 
nan over Kent, and was huried by hiis 
CTOthrr /Kthrlltaldnt. Sherborne. n« isuid 
(o hare Umu a pi'ttctifu), luoiuble, and noble 
lung (.Aheb). 

rA)iglo-&xo&Chroa .Anar.both in Mon. ni«t. 
Bril.; KoBble • Codox Dipt. (Bugl. Iliii. Sue.}] 

ETHELBITRGA or .ffiTHELBtTRH, 

Suvi hf t'-T'''-'). abbv!M i>f Kiirkiii^', ■islor 

■ •' I. v.] or Earmnwald, hUhop 

1'^ jilnwd by bi.'r hivtbtfr to rule 

n ' Ik.' built ml Ilarkinf; in 1'l4?<>x, 

" ' lirriwir worthy of his confidenL-e, 

' :an wa!i for tnt'ii 0.4^1-11 114 women, 

■■* \Win^ in licparate pariA of th« 

I'lirini; thi> p-.tittlencc that fnl- 

■ n.Hl of Whitby in HGi, >EtheI- 

:irslohave9iilleredicv«r'jly. 

^jrics of lhi»1 imo of trouble 

•11 ■ nil li be took from u wrilit-n 

^^1 TinrrativopowcT (fives thf-m Ihi-ir 

'■' Hu ROW on lo dc«:ribo a visiun 

fi at the thhth of ihi- abbt-M, n 

« n winked when her body wok 

' luircb, and her appe^irnnce 

ra. Shp i^snid to han^dii-d 

I. Th«.chiiK:hof.St.Ei!ifl- 

I -L'ate, T.r>ndon, i» said to hn 

1 l.<:-(, lj lit t hia apnear* to be doiibl- 

, . Lttt nays that slie, as well an her 

.Kits bom at tstalliii^im in Lindauy. 

a wfla tiiP dait}(bter of a kintf nautili 

"Hi abc oouit'ilcd him and nnd from 

lifl to »¥«id marriH(f>-, and that when 

iitdihor mad'' htT n}il>-'.>iH of ItarkinfT he 

» fiiT llilili'liili 111 iii-tnici her iu nionoBLic 

ticca, liet day ii 11 (.lot. 

UiiL ErI. Ir. 7.10; AiM SB. Bol- 




land. (Vt. r. 049 v|. ; 0-tpgrave's Sova I.<Geriui8, 
I 130 i Dugil«lo'» Mgnaaiicoo. i. iZQ.] W. U. 

KTHELDEEDA, Suxt <<^P^70), 
qiiccuof NortUumbnaandabbeMofl-Jly, wua 
one of tht! fourenintfrddati{rbtf!r8,appQWnllT 
the Ihii-d.cf Auua,kiiig of Ku*t AiighA, ' vir 
upciniufl>nt4|iieoptiiniB^-mlor6obQlia (n.fiDA, 
JJut. EcrLiit. \^). llnroirn uniue, the female 
formof .'Ktheldryht — 'uolil>-ir'Mijt' — uppears 
in such variations us /Elhelthnth, ,'Kthol- 
drythe, yKtii.ddritha, -IMilthrjdR, Ethel- 
dr,'th,E(lelburdi(t34iUAU),and.\udr%*. The 
names of her sister* were Sexbur^a ^q. v.j, 
wife of Krconberl, king of Kent, who suo- 
ce«^ded her as abbess of Ely ; EtbelbuTg^ 
('fiHiL uatumlis'), abboMof Formoutier,- and 
\Vithburgtt [*\. v.J.a reclasv of Eii>t I'urehajn, 
Norfolk. According; to Thomas of Ely, Ethel- 
dreda was bum ut Exniug, utor Nuwmarketf 
on the borders of KulTolk and (.'uinbndi^iMhire 
(WUABIOM, Anglia Sacra, i. 59"). She de- 
Mre*) Ui devote henelf to a life of mligion, 
and it was with ^raox. r^lucIancM ihsl two 
yearv before ber fother Anna's death, which 
took plae« in Qi>\, ahe Kicame at a very early 
atce liie wife of Tonbert, the prince of tho 
Southern Gyr\ii. or fi>n countrymen, wbo 
occupied South Cambridgeabire. Eroui hur 
husband she received ns her joialur« or 
' moniiiij* Qiil' the whole of ihu Islo of Ely. 
Acci;rdiu^ to Il;cda, the marna^e with Ton- 
bert, as well as her suhsMiuont union with 
Egfrid, n-HJi only nominal ( B.I3>A, llitt, Ecci, 
iv. 10). Tonbert died in 65,1. After five 
Te&rs of widowbooti, xpent al ber home at 
V.ly in rcligiftua aeelusinn, Etheldreda wii.i in 
Wib soui[ht by Oewy, kinpof Xorthumbria, 
lis wife for his oldt'St M>n E>;fnd, then a bor 
offnurtenn. It. waa an alliance which on jtoL- 
lioal proiinds I he J-^aat-Anglian princess waa 
not fTL-e to refuse, and the youthful widow waa 
unwillingly cwnpelled lo leave her rvli^ous 
•(•elusion for the Northiunbrifln court. The 
morning gift sho rocetved from i%frid waa 
land at ll>'xluun, vhidi she aflerwarda gave 
1-1 ^Vilfrid for the urection of tho minster of 
Si, Andrew ( Rich, of Heiram, J ;i). Ten 
vt-tiTH after (heir marria^'o EjftVid succeeded 
liid father as king of Northumbriji. With a 
natural deaire for the wif.dy c»Tnpanion«hip 
of hiH <iueen, be called in i lie aid of Wilfrid, 
who -VKS very high in Etlieldrada's regard, 
to induce hur to fulfil her duty in lliv fiate 
of life to wbicli God had called her. In Wil- 
frid'd eyes this wilful rejection of all wifely 
dutie* appear^nl a token of aii[wri<)r Miiictity. 
The promise of land and monay, if he auc- 
oeeded in his embasaagp, was quite tncflec- 
tiial to more htm. Etheldreda had choiea 
the belter port, fhtm whicb be dared not 

09 



Etheldreda 



20 



Etheldreda 



Jivcrt her. At last, after two years of fruit- 
less negotiations, the wronged husband's con- 
sent was extorted that Ltheldreda should 
betake herself to a monastic life. The mo- 
nastery she chose was that of Coldingham, 
Berwickshire, recently founded by her aunt, 
St. Ebba [q. v.], near the headland which, with 
«, change of the initial vowel, perpetuates her 
name. Here she received the veil iromWilfrid 
{B.E»A,u.B.;FLOK.Wio.anno67ii;THOMA8 0F 
ELY,apudWiiARTOir,i. 699). After the lapse 
of a year a fresh attempt on the part of Egtrid 
toenforce his conjugal rights prompted Ethel- 
dreda's sudden flight southwards. Barely 
«scapingherhust)and'Bhands,with two female 
companions she crossed the Ilumber, and con- 
tinued her journey across Lincolnshire till 
she reached the marshy fastness of Ely. Ac- 
cording toalater story, Etheldreda'sflight was 
aided by miraculous events, some of which 
are represented in the can'ings of the lantern 
of the minster of which she was the foun- 
dress. The then almost inaccessible island 
having been attained, Etheldreda felt herself 
free to accomplish herlong-cherisheddesirejn 
the foundat ion of a monastic house, a.d. 67.% 
This, according to Thomas of Ely, though 
Bieda is silent on the point, was formed after 
the model of Coldingham and Whitby for 
religious persons of both sexes. The place 
chosen, tho same authority informs us, was 
tho site of a church-the onlyone on the 
wholo ish— which an untrustworthy Ely 1^ 
I.n.U>*cribodtoSt.Augu8tine,andwhichhad 
Cm nventlv destroyea by Penda of Mercia. 

TI i^ ."inrch-and >»o^«7/'?f r^^.^^ 
„"rtM bv the material aid of. her cousin, 
«nnw Y and the spiritual counsel 

King .\ dulf [i\. I ;J' ""J^tuilt from the foun- 
. „f h..r '•I'M' » ". "^;i\Xhe isle. Her old 
''^'- '■"^;'^^S WlSestablished her as 

hi no. V iit to llome, ho -curelP-dege^ 



r; 



for.. iisret«ni>«e^^.«^^^ ^ ^^.^ 

part icuUrs of *^<i«^^^ ,her with details 
wasof thes nct^t k^nd toB^ ^^ ^^^ ^^^ 

<if hor last ''l^^^'-jL-j During the six years 
^^"^"SAeneylr^orelineibut 
,h„, she 7"»;^i5;^ indulged in a warm 
onlv w«oI. She Beiaorn^ ^ ^^^ 

hatli. o^«'Pt/" TosJ^^ons she was the 

[^tt^irfhr^s^es^^^^^^ 



«wn hwide or those < 



seldom ate more than once in the dav, except 
on the greater solemnities, or under some 
grave necessity ; and it was her constant rule, 
unless sickness hindered, to remain in church 
at prayer from the matin 8er\'ice, said soon 
aft«r rnidnight, until sunrise. Her death was 
caused by one of the recurring pestilences, 
which Bssda tells ns Etheldreda predicted, 
and indicated the exact number of those who 
were to die of it in her society. One of the 
sjnnptoms of her last illness was a large bubo, 
or swelling below the jaw. When Cynifrid 
came to lance it, recalling her early life as 
an I'^ast^Anglian princess, she expH»aed her 
satisfaction atthe nature of her malady, which 
Rbe regarded as a penance sent by divine 
mercy to atone for her vouthful vanity in 
dress, ' Once," she said, * 1 used to wear vain 
nf cklaces round my neck, and now, instead 
of gold and pearls, God in his goodness has 
weighed it down with this red burning swell- 
ing. She wns buried at Ely by her own 
desire in a coffin of wood. In 695 her sister 
and successor, Sexburga, determined to trans- 
late Etlieldreda's corpse and enshrine it in a 
coffin of stone as a more worthy receptacle. 
After a long and vain search a suitable coffin 
was found, fitting her remains as accurately 
asifithadbeen madoforthem, at Grantches- 
ter, near Cambridge. To this coffin Ethel- 
dreda's remains — which Basda relates, on Cy- 
nifrid's authority, were found undecayed, 
even retaining the mark of the incision he 
had made on her neck— were transferred with 
great pomp, and became the means of many 
miraculous cures. The present cathedral of 
Ely was subsequently erected over her tomb. 
What Dr. Briglit justly terms ' her unhealthy 
aversion for wedded life as such,' secured for 
Etheldreda a very high place in the annals of 
hagiology. B.ncda himself composed a long 
hymn in elegiac metre in laudation of her 
eminent virtues: 

Noptraqiioqiiecgregiajam tempora virgoboavit: 
JEdiltbryJa nitct nostra quoqne einvgiA. 

(Hitl. EcH. iv. 20.) 

' Etheldreda ViiTJo' is recorded in the Roman 
calendar on 23 June. The translation of her 
body is obser\pd on 17 Oct., which is popu- 
larly kept as St. Etheldreda's, or by vulgar 
contraction, St. Awdr>-'s day. It deserves 
notice that the familiar word ' tawdry,' to 
characterise cheap hnery, has its origin in 
the showy goods, especially lace, sold at St. 
Awdry's fair. 

Etheldreda's steward, Wine, Owin, or 
Ovinus,who accompanied Etheldreda in 660 
from East Anglia to Yorkshire, on her mar- 
ria^ to Egfrid, sharing his mistress's re- 
ligious devotion, became a monk under St. 



Ethelfleda 



21 



Ethelfleda 



Chad at Lastincham, and followed him to 
Lichfield. The Dase of his moDumental pil- 
lar, bearing an inscription recording his name, 
is still preserved in the south aisle of Ely 
Cathedral. 

[Bteds Hist. Eccl. iv. 3, 19, 20 ; Thomfts Eliena. 
ap, Wharton, Angli» Sacra, i.S91 sq.; W, M«lm., 
Gesta Pontiff, pp. 322-3 ; Bright'i Early Engl. 
Church Hist pp. 161, 230, 236, 251.] E. V. 

FTHELFLEDA, .^TTHELFL^D, or 
MLFLED id. 918 ■'), the ' ladyof the Mer- 
cians,' the eldest daughter of King Alfred 
and Ealhswith, was given in marriage by her 
father to .^Ethelred, the ealdorman of the 
Mercians, in or before 880 (Kehole, Codejr 
IHpl. p. 311). Her marriage is politically 
important, for it led to the completion of 
the union of Mercia with Wcssex under the 
West-Saxon kings, and should be compared 
with the marriage of her aunt -Ethelswith, 
the daughter of yEthelwulf, to Burhred, the 
king of the Mercians. With Burhred's de- 
parture from England the Mercian kingship 
virtually ended, for his successor, Ceolwult, 
was a mere phantom king set up by the 
Danes. As soon as .-Elfred had won western 
Mercia he gave it, along with his daughter's 
hand, to j^!!theIred,amemberof the old Mer- 
cian royal bouse, intending tu rule it through 
his 8on-in<1aw as ealdorman, as .^Ethelwulf 
had probably ruled it to some extent through 
his son-in-law Burhred as under-king. After 
her brother Eadward had come to the throne, 
^Ethelflsed and her husband, for the two 
seem to have acted with equal authority 
(I'A. 1081), strengthened Mercia again.st tlie 
Danes by fortifying and colonising Cheater 
in 907 ; this step put them in command of 
the lower Dee, and enabled them to hinder 
the Danes and the Northmen of Ireland from 
passinpfrom North Wales into the Danelaw, 
when the Danes broke the peace in 910, it 
is probable that ^'^thelred was ill ; his wife, 
however, seems to have led the Mercians 
either- in that year, which was marked by 
Eadward's victory at Tetteuhall, or in the 
next jear, when the English were victorious 
St Wodenfield, to have joine<l in routing a 
combined force of Danes and Norwegians, 
and to have pursued the enemy into the 
forestsof the 'Welsh bonier (/mA^'rff^jiK^M^a). 
About the same time possibly she made al- 
liance with the Scots of Ireland and with 
the Weliih against the pagans, and built a 
strongliold at ' llremesbyrig ' (? A.-S. Chron. 
Canterbury; 'Brunesbur^-,' IIenry ofHcnt- 
IXGDOX). During the illness of -Ethclred 
it is wild that Chester was attacked by the 
Northmen. Ilingamund, or Ingwar, n chief 
. of the Norwegians (Lochlonns), had come 



over from Ireland and ravaged Anglesea in 
902 {Ann. Cambrmtea, sub an. 90^ ; he 
had ^terwards been defeated by the Welsh, 
prayed ^thelflsed to allow him and his people 
to settle in her dominions, and obtained leave 
to settle near Chester. After a while he and 
his men coveted the wealth of the new colony,, 
and prepared to attack it. The ' king' and 
* queen, as the Irish called the ealdorman 
and his wife, bode their men defend the town, 
and they did so with courage and success. 
Moreover, ^thelfleed won tne Irish Danes 
(Gaidhil) to her side against the pagan Nor- 
wegians, sending to them to remind them 
that she and the ealdorman had treated their 
soldiers and clerks with honour. This de- 
cided their success, and the siege was raised 
{Irish FroffTtients. It seems unpossible to- 
speak certainly as to the date of these trans- 
actions ; they are given in this place because- 
they are said in the Irish story from which 
they come to have happened during the last 
iUness of ^thelred. It seems possiole, how- 
ever, that this siege of Chester has nothing 
to do with JEthemxd'B life, and that it should 
come in the latter part of Eadward's reign), 
yEthelfloid lost her husband, who had for 
a long time been incapacitated by sickness, 
either in 911 or 912 (A.-S. CXro/i., Canter- 
bury, Worcester, and Abingdon versions ; 
Flobekce ; .i^jTHELWeard) ; she was left with 
one daughter, after whose birth it is said that 
she declined incurring the risk of again be- 
coming a mother, declaring that the bringing 
forth of children did not become a king^- 
daughter (Gesta Regum, sec. 125). She and 
her huBhand brought up their nephew /Ethel- 
stan at their court. After ^Ethelred's death 
she continued to rule Mercia, with the title 
of the ' Lady of the Mercians,' but the king- 
joined London and Oxford, with the lands 
pertaining to them, to Wessex. .(i-jthelflied 
now set herself to secure Mercia ^irainst the 
attacks of the Danes and Northmen by build- 
ing fortresses which would hinder them from 
en teringthecountry from North AVales, where 
they found allies, or by the principal roads 
that led into central England. First, in 912, 
sheset about the defence of the middle course 
of the Severn, leading her people to Scargate 
in May, and there building {\hio word ' getim- 
brede'signifies more than raising earthworks) 
a fortress; and in the same year she built 
another at Bridgnorth, close by which place 
the village of Danesford slill testifies to the 
cause of her work. The next year she raised 
two fortresses on Watling Street, the road 
that formed the boundary between England' 
and the Danelaw, the oncat Tamworth, where- 
the road bifurcates, one branch leading to- 
Wroxeter and the other to Chester, and 



Ethelfleda 



«x 



Ethelfrid 



'befim Lammas' tli« oilier al Suflbnl, itie 
■tone ford by which the Chester road cro*>*-J 
xhr:\il\\i:t'i\'vtSow ( Vow/.v/ Jinylart'I.p.'MW 
It ii- (Evident that she had pli>ii(y f^f irimhle 
with the Wrl«h, for in fil4 the fortifiRil E<1- 
(iiiibury, itniUMlialely to thn mouth of iho 
Wearer, Dad 'ntwr harrert'pianiwlrfntral 
Hvrcia, barring iiivadoTK rrom thv Fofw wnv 
br planttng a sarriiuni ac Warwifk, whRT«i 
aae DuUt&'buru.'tlUlcammemonf'd by the 
Urgo iwrt Iiwfirli li4-twe«n the present tj>wii 
and the Avon iib. i>0*i). She next built Cher- 
burr and WBrbiirr, and then fortified Itiin- 
corn on the oHttuirr of the Merwy. In 91tJ 
thv inflicted a Bevere Wow ou the Wi-Uh of 
Gvont; bcr armr Btormnl Brecknock, and 
took Ibe kind's wife aud tliirty-fvurutbtfre pri- 
ftrintTA. TluarictoryprobaMy put nn t-ad to 
thu iroublcH ou Lbo WL-stcrti border nf Mciruia, 
ItT the 'lady' now tiimitl on thv Diiiiiitli 
Dooffidency of tbc Five ItDmughii and laid 
aicsa to Hrrby, wbrn* tlio kinp of Gwent ia 
aaiu to have taken Hlii'lM'r. Tho tovn waa 
taken br storm, and four of .'Eth«!flK<!'iilli<>gU4 
were aUin within the ^Tm, which eaiu^d 
her great sorrow ; tbe co»<}iieet of (he town 
brought with It tbc dominion of all tha dis- 
trict porttiinine to il. Early tho next year, 
Ervjbutjlv yiH, ijeice*ter wm nurrendernl to 
t-r, anj a large [larL of ih^ Danee thnrn bf^ 
caiut? mhjpct. to her. Tbt* ]>iti)n« of York also 
made peace with her, and hound themftelrca 
bv tinlli III iiWv bf-r. Shortly after this she 
died at hrr nolace at Tamworth on 12 June, 
ill thr I'iphlh yz-nr of her sole rule, and waa 
hiirif-d at >if. IVrpr's n: Glouot'stt-r, She was 
wiite, ju*t, and ri;ibteous, and wulk<'d in tho 
way* of hfT fatln-r. Aftur her death Kad- 
ward took the Stercian ()Atdormiui«)iip into 
his own bnnil, snd carried away b« daughter 
jElfwvn into Wcsws. In one'( (be \Viin-Ii.»- 
ter)veniio» oft lieolironifh.'. El Lt'llla'd's death 
is given under O'J'J ; this datt% Ihongh some- 
liuii'B adoptud (Cvngurtt 'if £tiffiana, ^ li*l)f 
can j*rarci-ly Ix* Mirrwt, for tho Worcester 
cbtoniclt/r ■UD'^igns it lo 9]$,^'tli<^wi«r«), tho 
'Cambrian AnnaU,'ftndtbt?'Annat»of (.'1st «r' 
to thai year or the vear hi-fon*. and Horenee 
to DID; am) ai it is ortaiii thai .Kthctrvd 
died either in Oil or 012. and that hiswiilow 
di»>d in the fiphtb yi-ar of bi-r mAv guvL'rn- 
ment^itisinpos«iblethHttb)'datoorhfrdr-ath 
should be ]at«r than 919, whila the balance 
of authorities inclines diH-id(.-dly lo 916. 

[Aoglo-Kixon Chroa.. especially thn KtrciAn 
Anaals iiiM-nrd in Colt. Til>er. A. >-i., and the 
Worcrfclrr rcr»ioti; Fliimiwof WoretstcrlCagl, 
JlUi. ^H'.^.-nilliatnofMalmrabnrr.OHialteKum 
(Engl. Hist. Hoe): Ilmry orUaBlingilo&.JGllir). 
weaiid, Annaln CamltTiiM^^i, Una. JliO-. Bnl.; 
TkiwFnffmcDlaof Iriiib Histoij t^ DnbhaUacb 



Miu-FnlnM|tb,ed. (VDoooranfIri:<h.ATv!4a«l.i 
Celtic Hoc.): lAppeDfaeri*'B Angl^^nxoa, 
ii. 9&~eti ; Orwa\ Ooaaonl of Hngluxl, r 
IM-207.) 

ETHELFRID, iETHELFRITH» 
AEPILFRLD (-/. 617), kinj; uf ib^ Nor 
umbrians, called Hvftjur* (Neshiub, c. 63 
tho «pn of jEthtlrit: uf Ilvniiria, who_ 
qupn^l Dcim i.i.-S. droit., Fuminst 
an. f>HH>, and ritigncd over butb the '. 
umbrian peoples, aurceeded hix falhiT in . 
Jlo wiisted tliu Uritiab mare than any Kn 
Ii«h king thai bad bwn Wforv bira, eitfa^ 
driving tlKm out and putlin}; Knglinhttltle 
in thrir place, or subdninc them and m&kiil 
them tributary (;R.rn,*,//MA fix;/. i.S4). 'I 
linrt of his wars of which (here i» any n-oov 
waa aj^inst an invader. The^tnof Di 
riada, whom kingdom lay to the east uf tl 
Prumalbao range, and euendi-d a* tar niN 
as the mouth vt LoL-b I>.'\-en. had now rii 
to CMUiderable pnwrr uikIit iWir kin^, Aid 
[q. T.], au(l had driven the Knglihh out 
tbttdehatabhi diiatnct calk-d Muunnn to tl 
south of the Firth nf Forth. In t{U» Aidl 
marcluKi at the head of a e^eat hottof S<: 

Britons, and Irish into I.iddfftlale, on t| 

border between Itemiria imd Stnthclrdo. 
jT»M'lfri(li met (he invaders at a iibici-collad 
UK^raa^lanc. and ntuiD«t rntirely deelroved 
them, though his brotbtirTliMdiKl^, til so called 
ICnufraiih I'lian ERX.to, sub an. itOU), 
slain, and llw part of i1k< army under 
Ifoden-hiji was ovenhrown. The EngL 
vJ!-tiiry woj'di.'cJMve.foT Bs^a says ihalAoi 
that limn on to hiit own day (i'^l) no kin 
iif Si-ot« darvd tO enter Uritain to gi^ « baltl 
to the Knglidh. Pirg»a»tano is ihobL 
bably I'awston.' in Liddesdak-. where (writ 
Mlunding stoups on NineStoiii.' lti« and 
the neighbourhood and ft huge cairn may 
tukfn as marking the ititi? of tbt- batlh-,wh 
ihcf.' are bIm strong earthworku not fari 
(SxiuSK, OHic Scotlanif, p. 162). It is 
siblc that up to this linii< .Kthelfrith 
btfeii fully eugagvd in the nonhnrn port i 
his dominioiui, and bnd liiid little leisure i. 
aaavrt his power in Di'ira, and thnt rfiT< vii 
lory enabled him lo bring the li' 
father had taken from tho sonf oi 
imui(>diat0 dependence ui^m liimu^lt; li 
is sail! (XENNitTB, c <'m)i that be v'nt 
twelve years in Berucich (B<^micia) and i 
olhor twelve in Iteur (Dinra). In 1113 
cxtfndi<d hi*- kingdom liithev ■ 
morcbM on I'liMlcr with a 1 
W«Uh pive him battb', nn.i ■,■.•!, 
with yrviit dlnuiihter. lterorethcbatl)t.<l 

vCtbellrithaaw the monk* of it" \' 

whiTv there was a vast mor.' 
containing omrtwo tho luoudL. -11^ 



I lilllu n'nTotrei]|;ageil lu pruvtT iVir 
rnfMM of tluiir ojuntrt'ui*'!!. ^^'lluu he 
(u l»l[) ili(> r«KBun nf Ihfir i>ouiiug, bo said: 
' If ilivy prrty t<> tiiL-ir Ood n^iimt us thvy 
irv our vni.'inirH, fVfin tliniipii (Ii'-y ili> nitt 
bmr amu, hM-A»!N> thi^v Ught a^in&l as with 
tlieir ciirtea,' and lie bade bia men full on 
first. It i* ta'iA Iliot al)oiit twi^hvhun- 
Lof lluitti nvro .alAJn, und ilieir (<laii^liler 
^^ Bel"! to b*> tbp fiiltlltneut of f li* pnipb»cy 
ltt«vwl hy Aii(ni«lin« when lliOi abbot. Dinolu 
tn'l bi« monliH rnfuM-d w fij«ont i«i his d^ 
lands. Two WoUh liinf^ fell in tliis battle 
[n^sOA. i. 2 i Ti«iii:h>'ac, sub an. tJ13). 
tfKtbelfntbw-iunhfjtllimi. It.^mnPriMIteblie, 
[>iii whom tbu lowD of Bumbumugrb. lliu 
r>r Ihu IkTiiiriiin kingn, is »ii] to 
I il9 nainf , and Aclio, the dialer of 
[J..,..,,,,. .11. v.], bv wbnm hsf bad wi-*n w>nii 
ind ■ dnucitft-T, Kbl»e or -Kbb*', f-niiider and 
of t'obiingbom. Thr** of liis sobh, 
ritb, rVwald, iind O^wiu, became kinj^ 
slfriib [n.rv.fut'.Hl Kndwiiio, rb« n-pn- 
itatiTt> of the roval liouw? of Deira, and 
riisl to pi^Ruudf! It.-i'dwnld, iin^ of Eofit 
loglia, with wliiira be hnd Inkrii rnfuKii, to 
jivi> liim up. Ibrdwald ppfiwt-d, nnd marched 
uiiBt bill! in*jl7 V-ron* be bud ollwU-d tbo 
irlmli- BtTvn^h of bU kln^dnm. .KlU>irrith 
Jwnld's oriDT by tlie river Idle, on the 
kn border, and wni dcfi-uted nnd Alain, 
^i^nvd twi>tity-lour ytion, uid wu nio- 
f*di.".i by Eadwim?. 
jBv-lsHial. KfvWn. i.e. 34. ii.e.3, I3(EdkI. 
IttU ?oe.); Anslo-S^'iH Ohron,, eab nnn. rtG3, 
(I7;l' - ■' Wurec*t«r, i.lI.XflS; Neaniua. 
K'- it. S(ic>: Add. TigbariMC. «d. 

J . ; .\tu), CnnibrFiiMii, Man, lint, 
•f. (i.tJ; Sk'ni-'s CVliio StfUlond. i. 160; 

/» M.ikiliC 111" I Jiglnni!, tny IftS, 232, 348- 

S! 1 W. H. 

_^lIELaA£, .SXHELGAR. or AL- 
(J. ItlHJb nrcblMobop of L'-ont'-rbiirv, 
lunnli nf Oluioiibury, wh?n> h^.' catn^ 
W th« infliivncv "f Hunsliin uud -Htliel- 
roUl, aftcrwanl.* hUbop of Witicliwtwr, and 
part of the new cfinBTi?giniou that 
Iwold ^tberrd ronnd him at Abinji- 
WJwn, in IXU, -Eilnilwold iiinii-d the 
tint clcrjry oiil. of Ne»-miiiat'-r (Elyde 
_f>.Hrur \V 1 ' ■ -. and put mgakE in 
[1»uf:f>, bv > lit'lj^nr to lx> abbot 

I Imhim. .1: i'.);i-. iniiht ihtTpfoTp he 
a* onr nf the iwrly that introduced 
, ril.i,irvp(i,-,»,-,f rbp lti:-ni-di<-line rule 
;i he did not adopt the 
mailer. I'^tlielwolJ. lie 
' Ji -rv, and wai" fons-d by 

if tb« hLoLop and chapter 
111 I'oundali'm lu purchase 

llti ^ -'- als uianca uf gold for 



.web fooH Oetta J^nr{ff.^A~a). OnL>May 
i)vO ho was oaneovralud hisbop of Sclsey, iba 
tjuuth-Saxon *««, and did not diiipoM«-]M th« 
canons of his chunrh. HBeuccM>di>dI>unsI«n 
a« ■rebbi.->livpor(_'»iil<^rhurviiWnt (h»n)iddl« 
of Oi^, and n-eni to lionH fnr bift pall eitb«r 
in that or Ike next yoar, raitins Iho obbvyof 
St. Il.'iiin, near St. OmeTf boib on his out*> 
ward jourim' and on bia retum, Elia giflu 
lo this moDiuti^ry werv ho lai^if that iba 
iibbol Kpokti of him a» itx patron, and di'clanKt 
that iu reetoration Tvaa due to his mutiifi- 
cenca Ho appeOTA to hare bnm n man o( 
Wniinic aud }|>rnero»ity. JI« died ou 13 t'eb. 
IKtQ, afti^r a jmntilicotc of one year and tfare« 
niuntlui (S re DBS). 

jAniilo-^'Msoti Cbron.. nub ann. 9S0, 9I1S; 
Fl-.Tinci- of Wurewier. i. 148, US {Kn|[l. HUc 
Hon.); William of Sfaluetibury, Ocata R^guiOt 
i. 314 (Ertg). IlbiL Hue.). OeHtaPcntifictim. pp.33, 
173, '205 (iUilUSi-r.)^ Stahhs'sUemorialsoft^t. 
Dunitou. pp. SSS-B; ChroD. do Abin|:duu, ii. 
2(!1 (Rolb S*r.); Liber do Hyde, p. 162 (Kolla 
Sot.); Keiublv'a Codex Dipl. pp WS-BCi.pnssim ; 
Uook'a Arcbbishopa of Caal«rbnry, i. 127 sa.\ 

W. U. 

ETHELOrVA (J1, 966). [See JElf- 
oinr.j 

ETHELHAUD. .^TTHEIjHEARD, 
ADKLAKB. or KDELRED ( rf. H>'>). arch- 
bishop of t-'anti-rhury, a Mtrciftu I'ithf'r bv 
birtbor at luo^t in fi-vUng, waaabbot of ' Illua' 
(Sim EOS op l)ui{HJiM,t..titJ7),eitherLydd in 
Kent, or monM>njbab1y Louth in Lincolnshire. 
William of Mitlitii^bury'M oMt^rtion that he 
was abbot of Malmesbury and afterwards 
biitbop of \Vinciii.rj.ter I'lintiol be airn-ft for 
ehroriolii^^inkl rMMOti* i^lxtie^iutiml J>i>tfU- 
menU, iii. 4tis). He was eU'Ctud to tlio hcu of 
Ca-Tittrbiin' on the death of Arehhi>li')p ,Iiien- 
btTbt in 7if\, but was not cotuiecmtcd until 
n July 793 (FijORBJfCB, i. 63). Tlii- d.lav 
was evidently thi^ rt'tult of the dLilike witli 
wbicb the Kenlisbmen r>>i^rded th« Mercian 
dominalion. OtFa^kin^of Me^ciil,whovnfl<•n- 
d^,'avJu^irJl^•'J''tP-'tlg'ii''nlli8powe^overthe^I, 
hod diminished the dip^nity of CnntcTburj- 1^ 
persuading I'upe IluiJriaii to ervct Mercian 
LichRfl'] into II third metropolitan see, which 
was held by Hy^berbt, and ho now hopvd, 
by procHTin^ the cli-rl ii)n of oni; of hil own 
party to Canterbury, to secure the suimk'ss of 
this arranffeoient, and to increoae bin ]Kiw«r 
over Kent throut^li the inntru mentality of the 
urchbiahop. The clerjiy and nobles of Kent 
baL«d the .Mercian rule, and their hatred wao 
no doubt inteiisiBcd by the injury OUa bad 
don« thnir c-burcl). It ts probable, ttu>refore, 
that they dill all they could to hinder.Klhcl- 
heard frum receiving coiuM:r«tit>u £raiu the 



Ethelhard 



24 



Ethelhard 



Mercian archbishop of Lichfield. After hie 
eoasecration, whicti was doubtless performed 
by Hygberht, ^^thelheanl receivea a letter 
from Alcuin f^. v.], who constantly corre- 

Znded with him, exhorting him to a faithful 
:hargB of his duties (Mortum^nta Alcui- 
niana, p. 202). He was in favour with OfFa, 
for the Frankish king Charles (Charlemagne) 
requested him to use his influence with the 
king on behalf of certain English exiles ; and 
hia consecration seemed to hare secured the 
success of Oflti's policy, for at the council of 
Clovesho in 794 nis name was appended to 
B charter below that of Hygberht, nis senior 
in office (^Eccles. Documenfi, iii. 4fU, 485). 
In 796, liowever, Eadberht Prien [q. v.] made 
an insurrection in Kent, and the same year 
OlTa died, and was succeeded by his son Kcg- 
frith, who in December was succeeded by 
Cenwulf. j^thelheard, as a strong partisan of 
Mercia, was in considerable danger in Kent, 
and Alcuin wrote to him beseeching him not 
to desert bis church. Nevertheless, in 797 
he was a fugitive at the Mercian court, and 
Alcuin wrote to the Konttsbmen urging them 
to receive him back (ib. p. 509). With the 
death of Offa the importance of the Mercian 
archbishopric decayed. Now that the Arch- 
biflbop of Canterbury was a strong adherent 
of the Mercian king, there was no longer any 
reoson for keeping up the schism in his pn> 
Tince,and it seemed betteriwlicytostrengtlien 
and make use of the vast influence attached 
to his oflice. Mercian bishops began to pro- 
fess obedience toCanterbury, and ^rlthelheard 
wrote to Leo III to obtain tlie restoration 
of the rights of his see (if), pp. 606, 623). Cen- 
wulf in 798, the year of Eadberht's defeat and 
capture, wrote to Leo to consult him as to the 
termination of the schism. Leo in his answer 
declared the primacy ofCanterbury((7'. p. 5:*4), 
On thesuppressiou of therevoIt/Ethelheard re- 
turned to Canterbury, and shortly aft er\vardfl 
received a letter from Alcuin congratulating 
him on bis return, and recommending him 
to do penance for having deserted his church, 
to consult Eanbald [see Eanbai.d II], arch- 
bishop of York, as to the restoration of unity 
in his province, and so to arrange matters 
that, while re^'aininp the right of ordaining 
bi8hoi)9 throughout it, ho should yet leave 
Ilygberht the pall he had received from Rome. 
The next yuaryElhelheard presided at a coun- 
cil at Celchytli (Chelsea). In spite, however, 
of the pope's declaration, lie was not yet in- 
vested with primatial dignity, for, at a coun- 
cil held shortly afterwards at Tamworth, his 
name was still written after that of Hyg- 
berht (Kbmble, G>dex Dipl. 1020). In 'ac- 
cordance with Alcuin's advice he took coun- 
sel with Eanbald, and determined to go to 



Rome to lay his case before the pope. He left 
England in 801 {A.-8. CAron. sub an. 799), 
and journeyed in company with two bishops 
and two thegne. Alcuin took a lively interestr 
in his ioumey, sent a servant with a horsa 
and his own saddle to meet him at St. Josse- 
sur-Mer or St. Judoc's, a cell he had at 
QuentaviCf or Etaples in Fonthieu,and wrots 
to the Emperor Cnarles on hia behalf. The 
archbishop was honourably received by Leo^ 
who on 18 Jan. 802 gave him a letter con- 
tinuing all the ancient rights of his see 
(Eccles, Document*, Hi. 536), and when be 
had left Rome wrote to Cenwulf praising his 
high character and ability, and the holmess 
of his life and conversation, and informing 
the king that he had restored the rights of 
the see, which had, it appears, suffered in 
property as well as dignity, and bad given 
the archbishop authority to excommunicate 
tninsgre6sors((A. p.538). Alcuin again wrote 
to ^Ethellieard, congratulating him on hia 
success and his safe retuni,and praying him 
to be firm and active. In a council held at 
Clovesho in October 803 the rights of Can- 
terbury were acknowledged, ana the metro- 
politan dignity was taken away from Lich- 
field. A record of another act of this council, 
dated two days later, is attested bv Hygberht, 
an abbot of tiie diocese of Lichfield. It may 
therefore be assumed eitber that Hy^berbt 
voluntarily divested himself of his dignity, 
or that .(Jithelheard, in spite of Alcuin's ad- 
vice, followed up his victory by the deposi- 
tion of his rival, .^thelhcards last public 
act is dated 805 ; he died on 12 May of that 
year, and was buried in the chapel of St. 
John the Baptist in his cathedral church 
(Gervasb). His coins, of which eight tj-pes 
are extant, are rare; some of them are in- 
scribed '.-EdiUieard Pont.' instead of 'Ar.,' 
and it has been suggested that they belong 
to the period between lus election and con- 
secration (Kekvos; liccleeiattical Docu- 
mentt). 

[Anglo-Saxon Chron.. sub nnn. 791, 789; 
Florence of Worcester, i, 62-4 (Engl. Hist. Soc.); 
Simeon of Durham, p. 667,Mon. Hist. Brit. ; Wil- 
liam of Malmeaburv, Gestii Pontificum, pp. 67- 
£9, 160. 389 (Rolls Ser.) ; Uaddan and Stubbs'* 
Councils and Kcclcs. Docuraents, ill. 467-653, 
contains nli the mora important docnmenta of 
.^tbelhenrd's arch i episcopate, with references to 
Kemble'ji Codex Dipl., and with the correspood- 
ence between him and Alcuin, which will b» 
found along with other notices of jEthelheard 
in the MoDumenta Alcuin., cd. Jafl%; kb also 
the Honumenta Carolina, p. 352 ; Diet, of Chris- 
tian Biog., art, ' Ethelhard,' by Bishop Stubbs ; 
Anglia Sacra, i. 5.3; Gervase, col. 1642,TwyBden; 
Hook's Archbishops, i. 254 ; Hawkins's Silver 
Coins, ed. Eenyon, p. 103.] W. H. • 



Ethelmaer 



25 



Ethel red 



ETHELMJGB (d. 1260). [See Aymek 
for Mtheimxs) db Valence (or de Lu- 

BIOSAS).] 

'EUBSIMMR, ELMER, or MIMER 
(rf. 1187), also called Heelbw:n, ascetic 
writer, was made prior of Christ Church, 
Canterbury, in 1128, and is said to have been 
a man of great piety and simplicity. His 
simplicity led him to take the part of Arcli- 
bishop William of Corbeuil in a dispute he 
had with the convent in 1136 about the 
church of St. Martin at Dover (Gebvabe, 
i. 98). He died 11 May 1137. The name 
Elmer is evidently a corruption of the old 
English name .^^theUneer. Leland saw two 
works by him, a book of homilies and a trea- 
tise, ' De exercitiis spiritiialis vitte.' The 
report on the Cottonian Library has under 
OtTio A.xii. '/Elmeri monachi ecclesiie Christi 
Cantuariensis epistolse, in quibus tractat de 
munditia cordis, . . . et quenmonla de absen- 
tia metus Dei. Liber asceticus et vere pius; ' 
100 f. This manuscript was almost entirely 
destroyed by tbo Are of 10 July 186r) ; the 
few charred fragments that remain form the 
seventh portion of a volume, marked as above, 
which begins wit h some fragments of a manu- 
Bcript of Asaer, the only contents noticed in 
the Museum catalogue. Another copy is in 
the library of Trinitv College, Cambridge, 
dale MS. O. 10, 16 (Wbiqht). The titles 
of other works are given by llule. 

[Gervase of Cant. i. 98, 100, 288; AngUa 
Sacra,!. 137; Bale, SL-riptt. Brit. Cat. cont. ii. 
c. 72; Hu, DeAngliBeScriptt.p. 201; Wright's 
Biogr. Lit. ii. 104.J W. H. 

ETHELNOTH, ..ETHELNOTH, Lat. 
EGELNODUS or EDN0DU8 (<l. 1038), 
archbishop of Canterbury, eon of /Ethelmier 
the Great, ealdorman of the western shires 
(Flor. "W'lQ.), the friend of -Elfric [q. v.] 
the Grammarian, and grandson of -Rthel- 
weard [q.v.l the historian, and so a member 
of the royal hou.ie of Wessex, was first a 
monk of Olastonbur\-, and then dean of the 
mona8ter%-ofChrist Church, Canterbury, and 
a chaplain of Cnut. lie was raised to the 
see of Cantcrburj- as the succoss')rof Lyfing, 
ond was consecrated ot Conterbury by VVuli'- 
utan, archbishop of York, on 13 Nov. 1020 ; 
the announcement of Wulfstan that he had 
obeyed the king's writ for the consecration 
in still extant (Kemkle, Codr.r Dipt. 1314). 
^Ethelnothwasmuchheloved, and ensealled 
'the Good' (A.-fil. C'hron., Worcester and 
Abin^on, an. 1038). He went to Home 
for his pall, and obtained it on 7 Oct. from 
Benedict VHI, who received him with 
honour. On his journey homewards he gave 
^hundred ' talents ' of sih'er and a 'talent' 



of gold for an arm of St. Augustine of Hippoy 
which he bought at Pavia, and presented t» 
the abbey of Coventry. The good infiuence 
he exerased over Cnut, his consecration of 
Gerbnind to the see of Itoskild in 1022, when 
he also consecrated bishops of Fionia and 
Scania, and the fact that Cnut addressed hi» 
famous letter to his people to him and the 
I Archbiehop of York, are noticed in the article 
i on the kinij's life \a&K Canute]. He restored 
I and beautified his church, which suffered 
I much during the Danish invasions, and trans- 
lated thither from St. Paul's the body of his 
martyred predecessor, /Elfheah, with great 
' ceremony m June 1023, taking up the Dody 
I on the 8th and depositing it in Christ Church 
I on the 15th, in the presence of the king, of the 
I queen, and her son, Harthacnut, and of a mul- 
titude of great men, lay and clerical {A.-S, 
Ckron., Worcester; Osbern). Itiaasaerted 
I that Harold, after he had been chosen king^ 
tried to persuade ..Ethelnoth to crown him, 
and that the archbisho|>, who supported the 
. claim of Harthacnut, refused to do so on the 
ground that it would be acting unfaithfully 
I towards the late king, and laid the cron'n and 
sceptre on the altar, declaring that he would 
neither give nor refuse them, that Harold 
might seize them if he dared, but that he 
would crown none but a son of Emma (Enc. 
Jtlmmiv, iii. 1). The story is doubtful {Nor- 
man Cimqtust, i. 541). .Ethelnoth died on 
29 Oct. 1038. The Worcester chronicler 
gives a remarkable notice of the love men 
had for him, for after the notice uf his death 
he tells how -Kthelric, the bishop of the 
South-Saxons, asked of God ' that he would 
not let him live no while after his beloved 
father, .Ethelnoth, and within seven nights 
he eke passed away.' .Ethelnoth hasa place 
in the calendar. 

[Anglo-Saxon Chron. ann. 1020, 1038 ; Flo- 
reocoof WoR'ester. ann. 1020, 1031 (Engl. Hiat. 
80c.): Symeon of Durhum, cuU. 177, 180, Ger- 
THso Act. Pontiff, col. 1650, TwjsJen ; William 
ofMalmesbury,GcBtaRegiim,pp.308,313(Kngl. 
Hist. Soe.); Gesta Poniiff, pp. 311, 390 (Kolla 
Ser.); lincomiuniKmma^.iii. l.inl'ertz; OmWiis 
Vita S. Elphcgi, Anglia Siicru, ii. 14.1; l-'reetiian's 
Norman Conquest, i. 487, &41 ; Hook's Arch- 
Liehops of C«nt. i. 477 sq. ; Wright's Biog. Lit. 
(Anglo-aaxon), p. 609.] W. II. 

ETHELRED or .ffiTHELRED I (d. 
871 ), khip of the West-Sa.\ons and Kentish- 
men, the fourth son of yKthelwulf and Os- 
burh, should, by his father's will, have suc- 
ceeded to the West-Saxon kingstiip on the 
deathof his eldest surviving brother, /Ethel- 
bald, but this arrangement watt set asiile in 
favour of-Elhelberht, king of Kent. j-Ethel- 
redcameto the throne on the death of iEthel- 



Lthelre( 



26 



Ethelfe< 



berlit ill SO*}. IIi« n'ij^ Mvr a chtogv iu th« 
charart«roriheS(-i>ii(Iiiiavtaninva*ioD9whitb 
had so lutt); troubled England, trp Cr» tUii^ 
tlmit Lh>*M« iiiviminitA Iwd bwii tiiidcrlakt'ii 
ftimply for tlio sake of bnolv, and the iiiralf^ 
had Hi lir»t nuTi'lv laodird nl eonn? C(■n^^■nit;nt 
•pnt, plundered, and sniltil Awaj, tliouifli of 
lata years [«•» iiader EiiiKLWfU'j tbej" hail 
bi'jfim to winter in llio islttmls fit Shcppej" ' 
and Tliikn<3t. Xow ihcy Ixyon W oncjucr 
and B*t up kincdnms, and they would have 
sitceocdod in romiiii'rinfr ibowholo country 
bad it not Ix^n I'ur tliu tlout retti»t(tiic« Ibey 
met witJi from the Weat-Saxous fimt under 
.■{ilhvlrL<d,Bndlbt.'Oundvrliii)yuuugi.Tbivllivr, 
AlfnsliirJ:ifn-jI. fntlir'tinit yiutrof ,Ktbel- 
red'e tvi^'n tbey ln.!id<>d in Kaat Anelia, and 
aftf^r itwiwiig biinii.'s hmIm into Ncirlfiiimlir!«, 
^ew tlip iwn liinira who opp^ised ibem [sec 
umW .Mlla, rf. *S*ir], and net up a Iributiirv 
Icinjf, Tbey thvn i'iit»Tml M^rciu ftiid t'lok 
op tlieir winter <iuarttjr8 (H(!7-H| at Noltinjf- 
ham. Rurhred, Ibo Merciiin Icing, et-nt lo 
]ii« WV's.t-Siuton br'Hlier»-in-l«w, l<> .Kthi-lnHl 
his overlortl, and bin b(y>lh«r, vWfred, to 
come to hifl help. Throughout Oio rvipn 
Alfred iif dcwcriu^i ax ' lujcundnriiw,' wbioh 
mnat nf>t hp tnltfn to in«in that he held any 
kinjrdom under his brother, lor the kingdom 
cf Kont wft^ nowHniteilio ihcrc'Atofsnutht'm 
England r&oe under KtuxLBHKHT^, but that 
ho waa n?c(u;iii»od u bia brotlicr'it bi;l{wrr or 
lieutenant [See under JiLFSEol. Wht-nthey 
leceived Burhnvd'e measa^e, .^thelrcd mid 
Ua brother marchod to >ottin{;ham with a 
Weat-Saxon army. The Danes r»?fused to 
int.-1't then in hattlo and Elitved behind thoir 
Forliticatioiia, awl the Wmt-SaxouH w«n> iint 
iihh? to force •.■nlrancf. AVliile, howeror, 
./Klhelnid's t-xpeJitiou uncled without much 
fiffbting,it wivivl MiTcid.furn pi'/iC'" wft* mailt- 
between the I>ftneB and the Mt-rcinna, and the 
inraden rvlumed to Nnrthunibrin, In H70 
thry marched aer^i** Mercin into Ymmi Angtia, 
de»olatedlhecountry.«len'thckinif,l''adiuund 
(q. v.], and made the land their own. \Veftwx 
was now the only part of Kugland that was 
capable of rMisiaiiee. and in 871 it wafl in- 
vaded by a birii^' Datiieh host. Tbo inviiden*. 
led by two kiii;r* ond many jnrl*. eiir.iin|M-d 
at itcadiog. a ^-oauer town on tlie Mercian 
bonliT, and probably oci-n]ii(-<l ' the bnnh of 
gravel in tlw anirlfliorniedbi'iww-n thi-K«n- 
n«t and the Thames.' where JCeadine Abbey 
■wft* aflorwnrds built (PABlt;n). .fithi-lred 
and his brother gathered an armv to fight 
with them, but before ibey could brin^ it 
a^itut lh«m a diviition of the Oaniith hi'wt 
under two JBrI« lufl their po*ilinn betwi-en 
the rivere and rodo wej^twiirds lo Encrlelietd, 
perhaps with tiiv inleottoa of gaining a povi- 



tioii OD Ui« Berkshire hilln. Heri!, however 
they were met by the ealdi>rm»ii, -Ktbelwulf 
evidtintlyat head ofahical force, wenrdefeali: 
anddrivuii b»i:kto ibetr <• nnimptnvni. Fou 
days later .Kthelred and .Klfrcd i.'aniL'' tti 
join«4 forces wi!b .-Ethplwulf, wnd nllAckr 
the T>ani^h poAiiion. Thpy werfi defratt^ 
and vEthelwulf wae slain. The defeat of tla 
\Vi>At-i?«xonn ''nablod ihi- invaders to 1( 
their cramped and noinuwhat perilnu? 
(ion and gain the hc'ighls, and ther forru'' 
their camp on /Esceediine. or A.*bdown. 
I'our day.i after bi« defeat .-Etbelrf>I airaii 
led his armyagain^t ihcm. TboItani«b he 
was drawn up iu two divi«ioii*, >^ne uom-* 
maiided by the two king-.^. tht? other by thft 
jorlH. .Klhelrvd was to atuick the ouu aod^ 
.1-llfrfHl Ihi; utluT. Thn H.im-*, who wi'fi- oi 
the higher ground, pressed hant on .'I'Ufred*i 
diviiiion, for he did not return th>-irattnol 
l»e<5iijtto -fthidred was not ready; he 
kneeling in hiv tent while a priest eelebrat* 
the niu.*», and hedeclart^ that ho wuuld nc 
tome forth until the mass was ended, 
HMrve rauQ first and God after. .Etfred eouU 
no longer kwp hia men vtanditig on the da 
fRiuiire and chan|i.-d with tbem up the 
lika a boar a^n^t the houndit fAi(9En]| 
When the luaM wax ovitr, .^:ih«lred joi» 
in the fray, attacked the Danish kinirs auj 
sk'W one of them (IIexkt or Uvyrisit 
Tins). Th« fljrht. wft.t Hftrpeat round a Atuntc 
thorn-bush that was pointed out in afit 
days to tht>se who vinited the fiidd. AiMUt* 
tel'U ua that Iw mw it. The battle huted 
till nightfall. .Elhelred'* army wiw col 
iilulety vicioriuQ#, uud I he Dane^nerednvr 
liBL-k io their ramp at Kt-arling with the l( 
of one of their kings, of five iarbi. and 
'tnany tliou&andtt* of men. Tlii-t baltlu 
■upposed to be coinna-mn rated by the ' Whitfl 
Horse* at Uflinirton. whieb is spoken of in. 
the ' Abinpion Ilii-tory 't^i. 477, li. 1l'S>, and 
v.im jierliafHi originally etit in memory of souo 
larearlier vietorv. J^ueh a victor*- ought '^ 
have delii-enid We«ses,but it is evident 1] 
according to the Ensli^h custom the lar__ 

tort of .litbelrcd's force departed to the 
omes nhvr th« haille. He was thertifo 
unable to follow up bis success : the Panil 
canip was not stormed, and the iuvadu 
nnny iiian-hc<l Aiuthwtinl into llninp^hir 
A fortnight after their vietof? at A-hdoi 
,E(he!n.'d and his brother iiguin niol thimi i 
IW^ing. The Engliidi were defeated, 
were not routed ', iVr i he Danes toot, no s) 
(/ETiitLWE.tlt^ And inntimd of ndvi 
on Winchester ai)|>ear for a while tc 
be*ii checked. They were now n'infof 
a fre*h hotly of invadrra JVow beyoi 
and Ino luontha later maich«d into Sfl 




Eld sud .Klfrt-d fouulx *^'itt) tliciuat 
(Monoti iii-ur IliM-nt'T and M&nlen 
new iierumbavi^nUo bir'iiaii(:^'^ml). Tlif 
I, T icttirv w»* for « »liite<liml]ifiil ; nt lir»l the 
I^KDautw ^\o WKy, but in the <>nd t}ii> En;;lif li 
l^^»«Tr '!"f'»tl«!. Scvni ariArliiii', I'n i'3 Ajiril, 
^^.Kil' . jirolwhlv from tJi.- i>flivtB tif 

K !»-■ nil itt M<>rtiin (.-!.-■'*- f^iwi. 

^ViIu■tu;^:l.-, an. s;i ; l*ijinrsn!,i. ftfij. He 
WM tmrlHlat Winiboniii in Diirsei shire. Hp 
KIM rryanli^l me n Hint, onil n RinrlTr, and on 
n-krijiiion nit abrviit lOlKl r<n n brasA which 
•ni> ilie fiti^T wf* kinj,' in \Viiiiltoni« Miti- 
i-r iv^'.inl" flic ri'Veivnfi* which wAsjiuitl lo 
I. Ufhi-l-'i-d, kiit^ ut' till! \Vwi-.S«X'jue,' 
c Icfi A k'-'ii nrnacxl .Kthotwslil, who ri>- 
a ICodwunl ihu Eldpr. TUu 
I, .'KlhtlwrnrU thi- hiAlnrmn, wiw 
tnm him. hut whi-tbL>r through 
Iho innlr- or ftunalv lino doM ttot ■ppenr. 

r.\ii.-lik-S«x<»n Chrim,; FInmnw <rf W<)»*«rtor 

' '. ftw.); Awflr.^ilhclwniivl, Hoiiry of 

i lU. Afon. Hist. Urit. : Par!trr'i> Ku-ly 

^'<,rj \.f Oxford, p. 114 (Oxford Hid. Soe.); 

'■ 0>iMiaest of Ei)Klu>d. f?- Sft-103 ; 

da Afaingdon. i. 471. »■ l^a (KaIUSm-.); 

Mil UiM. of DonvL, it. 644, Snd ediL, 

tb« hnm vlth rojnl tflljio- nnd loM!rii>- 

dw mme of St. Et}i»lt«d is fi{iir«a ; 

of death finn aa ST!t would alono he 

flb-Icni taaipoMibal^nE^y-] W- ^• 

ETHELRED or .STHELRED (rf. 8«t), 

hhithon of fanlirbiin', n monk "f Chriat 

iin-h, (. niilf'rhury, is said to hava bi>«-n bi- 

opof ^Viltr.liin.' vfhfn.Kthplrcdiiiid.Wfred 

U-d biia to the tirchbat>h'ipric in H70: 

MDt^'iuf nl.lhoiifih not iu!ceM«rilv iti- 

, i* 'i|>nri lo qiit-«tir>D linM^rtion jmt- 

nUy nf (I IniioUtv in'A.-S. L'hwnicU-, Win- 
ter.' and tlw Into version ' Oti. Otho H.' 
,) Hp recfivc^i the |ioll rn>iii llftdri»n II. 
d OD hi* rttum from Uom*! i* miid lo hnv^ 
i«] t'l t:»iwl th« seculAf clerj^ from his 
Thi*. hnwfviT, in kiwi doubt fid [nee 
Crsii-simiJ. He f-irlwn- tn dn en. Ho 
to ba^K CMniiW rated Llnnwi-nli or 
burl, probmhlT ihp hakio «it Ilulxrl. the 
oti. III itii' uHt nf St llnvid'* in N74> aiiJ 
'r ■ ..fLUn- 

■ -liic'waa 
■;i III >'.iirli Wiih», 



ly Ibol e^iii^tual Mil^fTiiftn 
n I <l 



;h'(>t-^d^n<■l:■. H*- wma n 
■h'iin will. n>* di«i ;l(l Junu 
i<i.t. And vfwt tiiCKwded thv 
Hr«l yvmr by I'li'^und. 

[AacIo-.StXKn l'^l^l^l, nun. 870. WIS ; Floreiwo 
W'-n-rXir. I lOH (Knfl Hint, Sty* ), (Jrrvns*. 
I I'l"; lT"-i-.].:] i; KriiiUe'a CodlM T>it>i.3l4. 
iif i|->» Wi-Mi tiittinjiit - 
i - - > iMB. i. UV (lUilta U«r.); 




Bnit jr TywvKOftioD, an. 874, sod Abd. CaiB- 
bniMwcui. A(i. Mod. Hist, Bn't.; Haildnn and 
Stnhlia'a Council* &od K<«lcs. I)oe». i. 207-9.1 

W. 11. 

ETHELRED or jETHELRED II. the 
I'silKHtV (Ll(ia?-UUG^,kiiiit..n:ni;lnnd,Hi.n 
of K»d)^r and .■EIAhrjth.wos bom t>illie>rin 
Md (rr '.toil for h« wBUMwrcfly wvt>n years old 
whflti hu father dic-d in It7A. Hiiid<-htoin(tit 
•<r ihi.- baptismal font is said lo bavn caiiMd 
Uun»lun lo fnrrtoll iho nrt'rthrow of the 
nalioQ during his reign ^Ilxri ur Hi'KT* 
iXdPO^, p, 7-48). ()n tbe deAth of liia EatllM 
a strong [Mrly wns in favour of elii'titig bhn 
kinjt in»t«ad of hi* brother Kndwatd [q- T.J 
H« livM with his mother at Corfe. utd Ead- 
n-ard bad com« to MiO him when be wiu nloiit 
then'. The child w<>pt bitterlyatlujilirotht^r'A 
dvaib, Biid it wuD MJd that hia mother ima 
eiirag»)at bi;« lt>an>,and, nolhaTinffascourgo 
ot haitd, best him so severely with soioe 
cnndtM thai in nflnr life \m wonid norer 
have catidli-s rarrifnl Ix'fnrcliim, astory I butt 
foolish as it ia, may perhapa imply Cnat be 
WAd badly bnHtg'ht up tn ehildbooi] (f7f>a/a 
Sryttm, (»-c. 101). lie ijuccei.-ded hiit Irruthur 
(i« kin^. and wa» crowm-d by Lluii.>>tati at 
Kiiieston on U April 97S {A^S, Chnn. Ah- 
inptfon, and FloR. Wio.; l»7U, A.-H. t'Anm. 
Worcvstrr ; on llic discrepancy sf« .Von, 
Jiiitt. liril. 11. HVn n. Ij) ; tlu' nrchbisbop on 
the day of hia poronation is said to hnvf ppo- 
phmied ?rnl conct-rnitii; him because became 
to the throne through the miinU-r o( bia 
brother; ii is more certaia that Utituiaii 
•"xactfd a plodf^ of ^ood Kovemnient from 
him, and (i>-livt'n;d uii v\hortalioD on iha 
duticaof achrinttnn king (Memorint*-^ I hn^ 
fffnN.p. 356 Of].) .'Ktholredwaspnod-fookinc 
and nf frraceful luanuurs (Flob. Wiu.): bta 
'histonLiit «urniuae,' the Unready, dor^ not 
imply tJiat liu Inckud oneigy or resuurce, bat 
rfiir, or nninKid ( Normim fonourtt, i. 280). 
He waa by no meana il<rlirit>nl in ability, itor 
was bi> MpM-inlly »i|iil)ifiil (Ortta Jtfffum, 
occ. IfW); indeML ibron^hniit bia rvipn ha 
ronRtanlly dispIaredconiiidtTable vigiiur.bot 
it wo.* j^nprally intsdirtol«>d, for he waa im- 
piiUivp, paasionale, cruvl, and nirt lo Ivaaoa 
favourites, vrhora he did not choOM for any 
nurtby reasons; hi- hiidiiupnncipin of act iotif 
and was ^uideil by molivi-^ of li-tniifirnrj'px- 
pL>di(>ni-y. During ibv lir^l veara ulbinreini 
tbiTf WOK no chnniii.i in tbv goreroment by 
thf (Treat i>aldorm''n. Tbe death nf vi^lfhert', 
ealdormnn of Mercia, in 9*^, was probably a 
oonHiiliTablf bisii lo thi- country; he waa 
mtcet-eded by >ii« son .'Klfric, wlio wn» ban- 
iiihi-d by the king in WnI, cruelly it is Miid 
(llEyny OFlIrKTixbDox). HunHtan. (hough 
ha atill alluiidud Iha mmrliuge of thu wttui. 



ithelrec 



t9 



t-vidi-tilly took no part in political ni«t1ftr». 
The BVKtvni nf ditfi^ncc witrkcil out by 1'^- 
fpa niit><l havi- jwrialiMl at IIiih tiui«. wUtcIi 
WM natiirnlly a jxriivl of dlRoipiniMtion. A 
worthU-wfnvKunlvnami"! .i-Mi#l»i iii» niiiMuini ' 
to hove cxi'rdwil crtnsidnmlile influpnnu over , 
t4i^ youiiff kinp, and lo Lave led btm to com- : 
mit n&d t'l aanctioii uiitnyACTA uf oppn-^'MnTi 
(KuHlii.1:, CWer Ih'f>l. i>'. '(KH. Uy hib ad- 
vice -Kthelrwl laid claim to an entale be- 
loiiginf; to tlip biilioiiric of HoclitsJcr, toatp 
vioU-acu rii«iieii, aiiu in fltW ,Ktln;lred laid 
wejfp to lioi-hcfltcr; ho was unable tota^<.-it. 
atiu mvu^'d ihv Iniids cjf lh<.< bl-u. X*uii«lua 
inliirffivil I'll bi-LAlf of tlm liijiboji, and, when 
tliH kini:<li6n>^rdedUl>4commBu<lii,piud Lim 
e. Iiun'ltv'il iioiiTi(ljiiiif mlvvr 1 1.> jiiircluiM' {)>'ii<y^, 
dttilftrinf: Ills com ■Tiiiit fiir-l'ltbidnNrsovArici'. 
nndpropbpsvingtbat evil ■wonldftbortlrconM' 
on the nntTon (Flou. Wio, : OtnriiM. It 
U probable lliat by lbi!< datv .I'^helrvd hnd 
bccJi Mine time nukiriod to bis liret wife, 
yElfjfifu [bou uikUt KoHrXD IttoXBlfEJ. 
Knmi !tai to'.W:? it-vi^raJ df*f f nts Were made 
iin different parts of thr' rondl bv tho I'ant'S 
end N<irlhiiii-n. 8i>ulbfiniptcin, flianft, niid 
Clir-*hirc woiYr rAi'ii||r<-d ; tbi' (viibils nf Devon 
and t'ornwall siiHVred st'verely. iind n mid 
was made on rorlbiiid. Tothwi- Vfars mny 
tK-rluip!' \f r-dVrri'd tUi-ivlorv tliat Swead, tbn 
fulure Iiiiiji nf IK'Hiuni'k, caim- ovtT Ui Kni^- 
luiid u^ a fii(,'ilivt!, and nodmibt ax Ihu leader 
of u ^iliiii^ex[ii^ilion, ibat .Klbclrt-d treali-d 
liiin At nil vrnmy. nndtliat licwiit-b'<f>j>iiably 
rc^Ltuvt-d by tbi''Si-titti*h kintr (Aoam Hulm. 
ii. c. S2). T\\fS(i BitAclci wen? laadu dimply 
ffirtb«.> «ik>*iif pIiin<Ii.'T; tbi*y c'i.«>!«"<! fora wbile 
lifter !W«2, mid wht.'ii thi^y von' rt-nt-wed took 
n niori! dong»!roun form, tor tin- iin adtrt bL%;RU 
lo wttle in the cmintrr. In i^HH tlii-y bitiilril 
ill Sonicrwt.bHt w«iv l»"'Mtt'noff'afiirft.*har|i 
stro)igl)>. An invaxion of a more lormidiiblii 
kind was mode in Wl by a Nonvcpian fore 
iindtT Kitiir Olof 'IVy^va^on, JiiHiii), and 
Oiilbmund : tjpfiwifh «'a» plundered, «nd iIil' 
uuliJ<.ini>iii BriltlDoth [<(. v. J v,ux deft-'utcd and 
nlainat Muldoti in PUm-x. 'J1ien An^bbiahop 
SiKeric..Ktbelwe«rd [ ew under K rii ulwekd . 
ih'- (■e.biominn of tbi< wvMi'rn jirovinci-*, and 
anothf r \\V-i*t-Sfflxoii itnUbirniaii. luicntrd .Klf- 
ric, oflV-nil to purcbnKe |teai?« of ibo Nortli- 
mcn, and pronii«d to pay thi-m ten l boiutnnd 
Itouiidf itf flilvi-T. So bir|!f afuincould n'>t bu 
ruiiwd (jnickty, nnd the Nortbmen tbn.-nlciii.-d 
torNvuLp'Ki-ntunlest'lbfy wi*rojiaid. Sifc'iTie 
oblaiiird the niuiivv to uiiikc Uji lh«i di-ti- 
rti-ncy fn»m ^Dsrwiir, bishop of l>on.-b<'i-l[iri 
nnd pbil^nl an villain to btm for n-paynintit 
(Kkjuu-k, CoiU-r r/ipl.\>. 0«>). The l peaty 
W«« oecL'plwl by tbc kmg nnd tb<^ wilnn, and 
wu concluded with ibe Norwofrtan leaders 



(Am-ient L/tit*. p. HI f. Tbis won lh« 6 
tiiDti that ibi- diMuiroiu poUisy wa« adiipt 
of buying oil* tbe inTud<-rs. Linworlbf 
lb<! BtL-p WB*, it IB Homi'l im« condrmned ti 
biuitily. It wax not tnken coiiecioucly u an 
esrape from the duty of defendini; tli<; Usd ; 
ttw men wbu ouuiv, »iid tb<? king and tl: 
eoiinscl wlio miifii'd, the treaty could n 
bavo dons so with tbe expoctatioi 
payments of n like kind wonid : 1 

tbcir actioti must be judged by r.-t-ii. 
WOK a moment of luprenie duiigtr, for 
whole of the south of tb(^ miintry luy 
to tliu unemy. aud tbe tbre^ luvn wbo lio 
rule over it may well bave tbougbt that 

00 troopa wer<.< ready tbuir firti duty was 
toMvc Ibi- |)i'0[ibr from itnp>'nditi|j; di'«truc- 
tinn. And ib« money wna not imid wi " 
theid^ntbat ibe Norwrpian* would in rrtnr 
liwve Kncland ; the in-aty a* made by .ICt hel 
n-d dislinctlv contempUte* tlwir remainin({p 
wifh party, for cuamplo, was to refr*in fi 
barbouring tbi« WolsJi. tbe tbicvpH, and t 
foea of the other. In faa, the Itinic, by tb 
advlcv of llif archbishop and the two W< 
Ssxon eiildormi-n, boucbl tbt< oUiMUC« of iHat 
And hiH boFla^'ainst all oiheri-nemit-s. \\*nr 
wo* ucluallv Roioft on with th<' \V<d>>li, »nd 
their prince, Meredydd.wiw in nlli.-iiiie wuh 
tbeNi.>rtbnitfn.wb'*s«hflpbeb«Jliiri-d(i//ii 
iinn.9f*8,Sf,H ; !>.'ortn/iu < '.ni/Ufft, i. S13)! A 
.Ethelr\-d can scarcely have failed to ta 
into account tbe prdbnbilitv of a l>ani»h i&- 
va»ion, and if m, he and liid udviMira may 
bave ilailered ih'.^m&elve<) with tb*.' h<<i>e <■! 
dividing ibL'trfof.-)), and kticpinf^ufTllii* liiiii>-9 
bv ibe help of the Niirtbiut-n {(.'iiiufwiitt 
fJuffhnd, p, S'S). Even altowini; that ew 
n ii"W wu (rvrtaiu to fuili limo wax gain 
by tilt' livaly, anil if il had Imvu u*«d 
vigornuF and HUMnineil proparatiuu« for t! 
fence, the udvic^* of tbe nrcbbisbop and I _ 
caldonnen tnigbt hav<> turned out well, I'n- 
rortuiiately ttiv kin^lom was found defence 
Wf* of^n and a^iii, and ..f^belrcd nnd 
uobluB, batinir once gut rid of immedia: 
lihiifiEt by a money parment, botif'ht 
of tbe Daiif« iiu otlivr <.M:<:B^i"nn when t 
miii'l have Ixren fully aware of tbe follv 
wlial tbev were doiu^. Awurdititf to lN' 
Ham of .^lnhIle*b1.lrv .l%tb<-lri'd made anotlli 

i trwity thiii year. He bud c8iip?a of co: 

flaint againftt (lie Nonnanduk)-, UicliHrd t 
earleM; tbe pnrta of Normandy nlTordi 

1 ci>uveni"nt andiomge to tbe Scnndinnvi 
< jiinii'-s, nnd it is not unlikely I hut lb«-y fi 
I n.'rniilM nioon^ tbe duke'8 ^ubjeelft. 
I Mvmeil imminent, and I'ope John XV 
I took the oUire of roodiator. A jienee 
I made wbicb )iriivide<l thai neilber should 
! cvivts tbe enemies of the other, nor bvno 



nil 

m 



und« 




^mL- 



in.l. 



rw). 



K\{k 



St' 



^Tit hrttit ' piwsport^ from I Iirir 
1 flmfa Ilrgum,)u«c*. Ifi.'i, KMI; 1 
.;Jit-.>iil> AUihnricy for this rreaiy, iso^l 
, IbI« . the in-oiin<is (in wlitcti I'r. tYw.*- 1 
r* til.- jitiiry will hr'' found in A'or- ' 
»/ ";*/, 1. yi3, ^33; il tvrtainlyeeems 

ttnliJ' 'ly (iUL> KhoiilJ hkvc invented 

llwr -). 

Til' j" r,^.. [.urtUaiwiiof ihe Xorthinoii »ft» 

.itihclroa. la 092 bo and the 

ilnii ' ilttTui-d that nil ilif sliijw that were 

ortb onytliJDg' should b^^patherfllot^lhcr 

I/iii.li)ii {A.-S. ChroJi.) Hi.' put iLo fl<t-t 

r lliH commiuid nf two lii.vliiiiiH »i»d tiro 

1. ...! r-. Tliured, poaflihly hie faili-T-ju- 

. 'he M*'ivitiri r-nldnnnan h« 

1 . . itiSJUT nj- HlSTINtlDO.V, p. 

ibu AciieiDP nftakinR the NoHhmvns 

by snrpriw \n» drfrntod through tli« 

ry of .'Klfiic. N'*vertheb'i»clii> Hn(r- 

uwl a complete victory. Enrnjjrd ot 

nc'c coiidiicl. tlw king blttidud hi* imn 

'k*t. TW NiiribniPH sailod off, and did 

nrli d.-unap-^ iii Nortbiinibna iiud Liiidsi'V. 

{104 t)i« Iwu kintF», Obif of Noi-wny and 

vnnA nf Denmark, invaded th^ Und witb 

levhr u hundrod sliips ; thoir forcof were 

tfn nfffrom I^iidnn by the biirghprft on 

It,. l>ul raTBpud Ks^ex, Kent, .Sunvy, 

Iam|ii>li<rr-, and thi:^ ' tonii borM4 and 

(■ <n liiihf-r tbi'y would.' .ICthidred and tbc 

u»W olTi-ivd them moiK-y and pnivi- 

iflb«y would «■»« their niMigeH. Tiicy 

np Minlrri]uartt>Rtiit Si mthauinton, and 

tax Vtitf Icriod on \\'f'8»t'X to |Hiy luo irr«WB. 

luI'-ii^riliuliMif i<i:tleviit IxtiiMiiidjKiiinilAn'KH 

::ilh*^ rountiygcnprallyafithf price 

< > il if pOKsibli* that .I'VcH'igtiavctliv 

vhich WM ihn Rultj<ict of an arrnni^iv 

tniulf in a witcna^iimot of the ttoil year 

lbi« fK-casion ; the threat of mvaginir Kent, 

1(1 the fact that Sii^ric cwnw to luive Itwn 

tinK<")htSovi'n re^jmnsibility.dppwr, how- 

f, lo point to tho peace of 091), -Kthtl- 

uiiC' uwd iLi- limi' thus Kaiiii.«d witb 

iCO, for b0 e«uc .KlfliMkh. Iiishop of 

,rhi>8l<}r, aiid tbi'pnldortDan .Kl bt-ln (.iird 

an •■iiituiK'ty to Olaf .*h! iiiidcr.'Kl.rilEnil]. 

r> r^^iill ITU that llie olliuticv between 

hn iiivadinK kitigt waa broken. Obtf riimf 

t' r>> lr>^it AndoTi^, made alliance viib 

1 bviiiff alroady bapti»«d, wa» con- 

(. :_ : tho oUhop. ,^iii<-lred took him 

*al tb'.> lii^hop'^ bands' and giAcd him 

r'viitlv: h" promised that be vroubl invnde 

II tniorn,and ki'|it hUwonl. Swend 

I <> oltack tlm li>1tt of Man, aiul (he 

tfodcd. About two yean; of noace 

Jn OWi .Klbrlrwl, pniboWy at 

iflK of thi> witun. A/-knowled|p9d (he 

odiu youtb, (Utd made a gnat to tbd 



ntd( 




biflbOD of Rwbf^Fer (Kkhblk, Co^e.r 2>!pt. 
p. (IS8). 'riiii niut yi'sr be hold aiiolhwr 
mmcing at Olr.hyth (CliAl-v^n), wh^m tbty 
eoclesiaet ical cletDent Keeins to have prtdo- 
miniiti'^] (("A. WIJ). At nomo Mrlirr da[« hn 
bad publifehed at Woodflock a code regulat- 
ing tht Enf^lixh law of bail and surely, and 
iu IK>7, at a wit«iiag«aiot that invt at Calne, 
&ni\ n~AS adjourned Lo \Vanta^«, a c'xJe vraa 
pnbli«h<!d on police matTtrs, evidintly de- 
|ti};tll^<l for l he OanUb tli^t ricls (A/v.^'nit Lettrt, 
pp. I tl), U'i ; Coilfj Jh'fil. p. ISIIH). \l the-tB 
m<.-utiuK« tliu kiuu: agniti ncknofrledrud tbu 
!«iu& ofnifi Touth, and Trwlorrd «t>nn» land ho 
hod uDJuatly taken fr-im the church ofWin- 
ciii-nli-r. in tbii> j'Mir tlnj ravac^s (if ths 
Danett be^iin agiiin, ibou{>h for About two 
year* Ibfv vvn^ not etipecially wrtoua, being 
chieflv ronbnod Hr*t lo the WMtem cooats 
and then 10 lb« coast of HiL$«ex. IJuriufj tho 
winter of 096, however. tJiey took up quar- 
ters il) the h\o of NVij;ht, and fom-tl tbu 
peopleof Uampahir^aud Suwex lo .irtml Ibem 
provitiune. Tbi» fresh trouble drove .Etbtd- 
red lo a renewed nLtfnitil to jincify bcnien; 
hemude afresh and detailed nrtinowlidj^mcnt. 
ur bill youthful emirK, t-xpcciallv in the ICo- 
ch«tflr matter, laid the hbiim': cbii-Ilv on 
.i'lhidniiip, whom he bud deprived of Ilia 
rank and wealtli. and made fidl retttilution 
to the bishop (CW*.f' Dij>I. p. "OC). At lli« 
Miiuc time be was pvinj; hit) eontideuce to 
anuihurfavouriti^ n» unworthy n^.Kr.hi4i<i»r, 
one Leolaige, wborn in 9!>1 he bad mads 
ealdunnan i}{ tbti Ka»t-8axans (ih. p. 687), 
Kent \v)u* ravagt^ in IW, and -I'.thelred 
made another effort fo defend hia land. 
]!•• comniHnd>-d lliol the Danes sbcrnld be 
Bttnek<-<) hotbhyaHei^t and an amiy, but the 
whole adinliiiatrulion Wis hopcliv^ly di«or- 
Unniwl, and ' when the «hip* were ready 
tbcY delayiKl from djiy to day, and wore out 
the poor men that were i>u board, and tlio 
moro forward Thiof^ i*hould have he«ii the 
hnckwarder they were lime attor time. And 
in the end the expetlition by »>m itnd land 
virivlcd nothing ujicopt troubling ibe people. 
waalin;r 'noney, and einUildeiiiiiir fhi-trfowi' 
tA.-f, CArvn. on. lH>i): for the cauaeiB of tbia 
inftlicioncy »r>' I.Ari-EXaElw, ii. 1<5U; A'wv 
man Cnruputt, i. It24). 

After lb« mvacinti of Kent tbv Danes 
aaih^l off to Normandy in the BUinmsr of 
lOUO, probably to soil their booty, .'l-^tlielnd 
look adviinta^ of their alnence and of the 
prvpamttiMiK of ih« pn-vtoujii yi-ar to strike at 
ibe vikiiiK seltletuenta e!(i«e at hand; hi<l«d 
an army in person into Cumberland, which 
wu' a lilron^lKdil of the Da»M, iind ravs|ired 
the country, while hia rtiM't wantc-d th« lalu 
of Mao 1.1.-& C'^Affl.; UiiiMtr or JIuNruio- 



£iE..2S^:=£^ 



ithelrec 



30 



Ethel rec 



DCiX, p. 750; for hhoIIkt tIow of tlii"M) pm- 
cnedingH Be« Gorman (\fitaiuvt, i. ft2ftt. To 
tbis yenr aUo i« pf rliaii* t o W n-iwrrvJ .KlJi«l- 
rfodV invft-iinnrtf tI^^ (.ntentin, for it tcoh prft- 
Iwblv closely conne^lvd wiih the visit oFtlie 
Uattuh fti-t-t to Normundy. Wiliinm of Jii- 
laiAges (v. 4) mivs lb*t .■Ktlii'Ired Mpected 
thuL liiii ships would bnog lititi tlu> Nitrtnnn 
tlultf, Ricbnrd TI, vrMi Lis haiKU tinl bclimd 
liifitfitckiliil lliBl iliey w^reutierly deftated. 
Ttiiit i^xpi'dition, if it cvct took plflKf?, muni 
bnre U>d tu lUo mumimc of <l^lni-ln-(l tnd 
UiM dulnVa nintfr Kiiiiua. Wliili' \h^ Haniali 
fleet wftfl irasliiig tho cooBtt «f Dwoiisliin- 
the n^xt vrnr it wnx jniifd bv Pulli^, tbti 
lttub«n<l of Ciiinliild, Swi>nd's sister, wliu had 
been entertwned by /Ivtbelrcd ntai bad re- 
ceived larf^ pift* from him. The rciifiwalof 
\he wnr agnin stirrwl hd the kiriK lo end«i- 
vnur to gf>t he&Tcn on his sidtv In n chnrtor 
of tbia vcur, p«nte<l wilb CQDieiit of the 
-wilNii, tiif troubles of the country nrp Art 
forth, and the king fdvet, ia honour of ChrbT, 
and of bio brolhrr, liic holy martyr Eadward, 
the moniistm' of Bmdfom to tho nima of 
SliaflesbuFy, when* Endn-nn) wtvt biirit^d, lo 
be a place of Mfii^'* for tb^in {Cad^r Ih'pl. 

5. 70U). I^urly in lOOi' he and the witaii 
i.'cret>il tbsl jiL-acc fthould ai^in b« ho\ighl' of 
the 3)ani»b flcin.nud be sem Lt^ofei^e to the 
flri^t ti> trarii what tt^mii would be Hceeptt.-d, 
Lenfaiffo agreed with thv IMrit-a tbai thi*y 
■hoiila rwci-ivtt provisions and a tribqte of 
iiflOOf. 8>mo cUaRfTD in'th^t politirii of th^t 
COlirt aeeiMB to br? indipalej by ,1Ctbt'!re<l'« 

ETomotioti of his hich-ivevt-, .^fir, above all 
is oiher officer* fii. p. 713). Tbf tennii in 
which thi* jironiwion U ilevribed have been 
int^rprvti^d aa cooferrin^ a distinot ullice, thai 
of 'cljief of Ibe bigli-rwcvfji,' an oflirn Iliiil 
has furthiT b««-n tiuien ta a ' fon^shadowing 
of lb'.' coming juaTiciary ' (Co/iywi'*/ of I-'ng- 
land, p. a94). Tills thf^ory, however, i« not 
wamtDtud by any rvconlcd evideiice. In the 
»Oiith of ICiigland, at least, the high-rocTO 
Iield an offiw lb»t was annlogous to thut of 
th» Bhir»-n»v«». Tbf politienl tendency of 
tho period was towards a divitiion i>f th^' king- 
dom ioto large diftrir.t-'' ; i-aldoruioD, inatt-nd 
of being simply officer? each with hia own 
«hire, were appointed over prrtrinw* cnnt«i»> 
ing different «mn4, and in the name wav the 
Ol£arrfiin;-onici.T,lhert'eTe, became the high- 
roevo of a widi-r diatrict. Tlifrc i« no «>vi- 
deaiietbu.t.'l%iic bold any admutiatrati^-^olliee 
other tban,orHiiiHTi'<r lo.tbat of other hi^h- 
reeres ; the wortls of yEthi-Ired's chnrn^r w^i-m 
to refer to nothing im^n- than a title of honour, 
which may indrtni MarcolyliarB b«>n rtcog- 
niM^d as a formal title at all. .'^Cfic')) pn>- 
tnotJon «xcitvd the jeakiusy of the king's 



lh< 



bei 



favouritK, I.*(of*ip.', and whilo on this mi 
flion to the Ilani'S hi- slew the ni-w favoii 
in hid Hwn houiie, an act for which he w 
baniftlied by tlie king nnd lb'<i witao {A. 
C'AraM, ; 0}iifj: IMpl. p. "IH). In l<uiti Kmi 
cam« over from Xormflndy; her mnrria^ 
wilb .'K(b«In:d u-oa ttvideiilly not a hap[i 
one. uixl in Mitte of tier ktvqI lieauLy hn '. 
iiaid to huve Iwen unfaithful to bcr ( (l^nt 
Jtiyiim, sec. ItJ.'). Tbu king now attempt 
to rid himself of bia foes by Irracher 
uti lliL- ground thai the Danes were p 
to alay htm and aft<trwaril« all liiit 
gave ordet« that ' all the Daniah-mi^n tli 
witv in Kngland should be slain.' Secrei 
instruciionit werr' !H^n^ in letters from the 
king to every town. arranging that this mas- 
HiCT« should tak'j ploce cvcrywlicre on tbu 
same day, 13 Nov, An there was ai thi 
titno peaco hetween the £ngliab and 
Uariw, ihi' fonrigo witlers wore taken 
iurpriao. AVoroen aa well as men w«rB 1 
laiuly niasiiucrwt (Flor. Wia.), and atm 
them thfre in no reA«'>n to doubt Swend 
sister, Gunhild, the wif.' of the traitor Palli, 
wild wait put lo death ai\er having seen 
husband and her »on slain before^ her e 
(O'effa Jf(yiiffi,w.>c. 177). Tbe maseacm cQi 
not of cour^ have extendiNl to all parts 
EnghiDd, for in ICiu^ Aiiglin and in aomo 
the Nurthiuubriiin di&trietii the Daum m 
huvtr uutnnmbenid the En^Iii>h, Stitl, 
only in tbr- jmrxly KngttKb cjountrv, bnt al 
in many diitricia where the Danea, tho' 
dominant, wcrt- few tn Dumber. Ibure mus 
have been a great slaughter. Nor can t 
guilt of this act be extenuated by deela 
ing thnr every man Among the Danes w 
a * pirate ' ( Gorman Vonauctt, i. ftU). It 
fxirly rert^tin that many hud settled down 
towns and werw livingin weurity. A curio 
notice exists of the )ilau|;h(«r of tlli.*e w" 
were living in Oxford : li is in a cluitti-r 
.'Etbelr<!d, and the king them eneaks of lU 
Danes as having ' sprung up in tW inland 
turx» among wheat,' au oxpression that ini 
cateathat men of bittb ru»'t'»wnrc liiing)>ii 
bv Bid* {EarUj Uitt. 0/ Oj/ord, p. IJi'O |". In 
tbischaTt^r.wluohbearsdatelUtll, V ' ■ I 
BpenliBofihiiii'vcnt nsa'mo.-itjuKt 
which lie had decreed with the ooun^t •>* 
witao. 

The only result of tho massacre m» t 
tlie luvaiiiins were renews) with more 
tem and det^Tmiiiation. 8wcnd himM-If 
with tho Beet iu lOIKl. That y.-ar thw otu 
fell on [lie west; Exeter was betraved lot 
foi.- ; an iitltiuiiii nindi' bv the local forces 
Hampshire ana Wilt-^hiretocomc to apitc hi 
liattir failed, and Wiltoa and Salisbury we! 
sacked ami burnt. On his return tbu 



who 



idi 



ii." 



•y*"] 



itlia 



Ethel« 



ji- 



Ethel red 



■ -■'.■:<] ■■■■■'(<]fii Kiut An(('''>.^"'™^^''"*• 

: rd. but met wilh u |fiiUint 

natsliniv fn.'tn xhv cftldnrmnn Ulfrvi^l, (li# 

hiMband nf on*' of ih*" Iriiiff's ilntij.''!iti>rs. 

It: T.H>5 Ihi-Tv yrns o famitif, !>■> Ili" Ht-nl 

l h«cb for ft wliile to llt-miiiiTk. Diirinp 

■ i-n nf raiK'rj' uolbui^ is Iniiiwii cif 

-nrc tbnt lie ihiuIp somo cTnn'i! to 

v and to 111* ibwns. Ksrly ibu 

Udwcvit, one en thoae douteelk 

;^ . .1 , . : :) look |)Ia(v which «^oiu> thelbo- 

jplilv Iwl ft^at^• of hi* courl. Tor some 

, n ih^ini named ^V^Ifgl>■I liod Btood&r 

tlinn aoT duo bIh in ttio king's liivour 

*1 uriinvt-d ron*idcnil>l« power of op- 

praMunn i}-uiK. Wiu.: Wulfi-eftt sppoarB m 

9B7( f'-di-T thpl. p. 6iiH}. All bi< iKDMHMionB 

frv now I'onlL'irdlfsi, ]inil)ftl:lv by the wm- 

.>r t'n- wiljin, as a I'unihijmont for thi- 

> lit* ha bad t;ivcn, nnd boonUHe 

llm kins'fl enemiec, Mor^ 

■,\L\',\r .Kthelrwl -was at Shw-wdlnirv, 

rivrf be leumv to havi- been huldine bw 

lurt. .Kirhflm, the eiirl of jatI of Xortb- 

ibria, t>Tii!pntly of IV-inL ( \ orkvbiru), wu 

brtmiMlyslniii, uudttrcircuinBlarifestlial, 

' iia wi- bno'vr them [see undnr Eadkic. 

lyi], pgtut to tli0 kinfi m lht> iriNl ^rat'ir 

I dMo. SUjnnlT afifirwnrdfl /l\lfholin"s 

nwre blinded by ,lJllielrf>d'n nnlvm. 

Itprotmhlc thai ibf tniiivlir ^f .l\!l'h<>lro, 

id pOMiblo tliut t)ii* lr>-a<<'^ii of ^Vuli'^il, 

n)«<r in Aume nnv have bt-cu roiini-rtf-d with 

B mid i^f Mnlrohii, kinj; of Sfoifl, ibnl took 

r" timt*; il wa* rbiN-k"?"! by I'htivd, 

■ WallliHtf, and ibe king nuido bim 

iIui>rU>lh tb« Niiribiiiiibrinn t^iirldoma, 

id aoon after ffavo him hii dniitditcr .'Elf- 

a uy wifp. Tlio fall vf \\'ulfKt'tit ciude way 

ibi- nM< of BiHilliiT unworlhy favourite, 

: v."*, whdin iLi- kiiiif 

i •■Mtdiirraim nf tlw? 

iKl \iii.)ni(irni'd another of, Ktht'l- 

cra. l.al'^r in tbovfar thi-'ptwil. 

...\. ■■— JnfromTX'nmark, Qiid th« 

.Ivt bflred made an- 

.. [Upland Ibc invadtT*, nnd 

M' !« of WctKU'x nti'i M'-rcia. 

ilu-f were under arm.", but 

r il i tlH> I^iinos uiurcbitl, 

iluiidiinil, nri'l <li-.:nirtd iw ibev would, and 

a rvtirrd to llu>ir ' fritb-fitoo),' tbc IsIq i>f 

ight, Atmil miiiwintirr thfy bvpin th«ir 

of dr«(nwticn afM-sh, and ,'KtbfIred 

Id a nt-y-i i«7 of ihe wlian to consult bow 

' l» «nvfd from utlvrruin. It 

<<lw1 to iiurckajw peace, and 

I lit waa wrun^ from Iho 

' in^-adcn w«.t 36.000/. 

tioruKwa sum the Danes 

tl ' for ftbont two jt%n. 




r&lli".l out ih'j 1' 



rnrk 



The year tOO!4 i^ th» dali^ of n strW of 
Itwit put forth by/Eihtln^wiih thcconnspl 
of the witau {Ancimf. iMtr*, y. i'iif). TbejT 
contJiin sevornl pood rpsnlulinii*, ri-pcot aomo 
iddnr ■•iinct int^iito, dral with eocledia^tinl as 
n-ell as !trcnlar matti^K, And forcibly expreaa 
■ M-nw of the pr^rain^ need of pat riol ic unity. 
Provi-sion ■vm* mudc for national d^feni-n ; ■, 
6wt waji to be raided and lo At(M>mbIa enob 
voar after Eaet«r. and duwrtioii iron Uw 
lanil-furce wa* to bu piinLihcd by n linA of 
\-M*. (a re^nactment of Im-'f law of '"fyTd- 
vitr'), and trhen tbn kinji; wkh in thi- field 
l.bt' life and propcrlv of the dweller were to 
be at biA nifrrty. tbft law» published at • 
witenaguuotbeldnl Kiiham 0^ p. I.'}.1)«i>«m 
to IjRlong lo about tln> «smi< date, and ar« of 
mncli tht^ snnie ctukrootcr. ProlMbly by mere 
cbancp, ihev do not mention thv presence 
nndantion of thi> kinf^. The Heet was nuMtl 
by an RWBwinent on evi-ri* »liire. inland aa 
w«na=»on th(' const. The hnndri-dwiu. taken 
a« the bnsis of ibe a»«>.'»Bm'.-ut, which was in 
«bip and armour, not in moiii-y. Krery three 
hundred bidea furnished b nhip, ovory (i-n a 
boat, every eight a bwlmrt and breajtiplata 
(E.MiLE, &Lnn Chnm. pp. XHi, 3.17; (h»*ti~ 
tntiunai IIiMt. i. 105; un the dilhouUira aa 
regards the a^acssnent, »«c alio fiormmt 
i\»niptt*f, \. 368 ; it doe« not M-em clear why 
it should hr> anppiwvrl that any part uf tbu 
levy affected private landownerR, nxrvpt as 
cont rihiitora lo the quota of their shire). 
.Kihelred'a oaaeMineut was qtintr-tl by St. 
John and Lyttclton actinji for the crown in 
Hawpd«l*» CBSP in IftJir iTnjni of Jahn 
Jlamtdrn, pp. M, ni ). TTie flwt r,,.] at 
Sandwich about Eai=t<'r llMI, nnd .EibeIn»(I 
bimwlf went aboard. An aneuwiliun was 
bronght ft(:ain]*t Wulfnolh. the *L'liiId' of 
theS(jutb-Saxons; lif; sailr.d ofl* with twent v 
shi]»au(n»i7anpIitaderin[;lbecoa(I. ^that- 
red sent his noriwir, Bfihirie. a brother of 
Kadiic- Sirr^ina, after luni wilh ciffhty fillips. 
Some of Brihtric'» ship were wn-cked and 
others were burnt by WulfnolJi. V'httn the 
kine lieurd this he wont hotm-, each crew 
(pok ita ship to London, nnd the ^.■M effort 
that had been mad>^ cjitnv to nnibini:. Tbvo 
aflwl camcuvL-r under the jarlTbiircytel (or 
Thurkill), and donii sOvr another under two 
other leaders ; f'anlerhnr>* and Kent pur- 
rliaM-tl |H-n(.", and tlie L>an>>« miIIimI to the; 
Inle of Wifht and tb<aice doraKtatud Iho 
eoutbem shiro«. /Ktbelnr<i now nrdenr*) ' ilia 
whole- nation * to be caUed out ; b« took tbo 
command of a larg* trmy, and b« and bU 
people arc said to hav« \ffrn |irepared loeon- 
(juiT or die (Flob. M'in.t (tnco ho int«r* 
ccplM ihrt enemy, but no attack wa? ma«]«» 
owinif , it is «aid, to tbo bad advice uf Eadric. 



^aeaa. 



Ethclred 



3« 



Ethel re( 



The nv>Kt!i cant inueil utiliittdertHl, aixl early 
failOlOOicfdR] wu<) burnt. LnttT in theyi-ar 
"Ea^i. An^Iiit w-jm ntmckml, iitid, afk-r « ifnl- 
lani tlioiif^li Hiisiirivwfiil rvaintunro by I'lf- 
cytol. W» tliyruiialily hurried. A wrk'8 uf 
nvagea fo1lnw''(l thni iK-m to linvtr crii^h*'^ 
idl ho[K< of ftulber redUlance. Ity tlie begin- 
ning; uf 1011 sixtwn shin's bud U-wi ovcr- 
Tiin (A.-S. iJn->n.) 'JIusa.KtbvlrflJ luid ibe 
'witiin OMuiii ofi't-n^I irihuU', Htid -1K,(XHW. wii* 
diMiinndt'il. l>uriD}r ttic truco ThiircTl^I'd 
flpci. Hxcked CiiiHi'rbury, n>ok An;Iil>i*.b"ip 
.4'^irbt?ah Tfj. %■-], ftii'l. tidff keeping; bini in 
cnplititT for a^wa muctliH, slew liim oa 
i;i April 1012. M^-unwIiili' «ii OKjunlllion. 
was niiiii'? cgAinat tho Welsli, wlio had imi- 
bubly token a'lvnntiipM "f thi- bIiiIm of tbc 
rmintry lo make miibi on Mfrfi» [sen unditr 
ljll>Uli.'J. 'I'tiP tribute MTit" pHid at last, and 
ihB 'great ficpt' dipipcr^-d. Tbiirpytol. with 
forty-fivo8liipif,1akii»ir wrvice iiinfor.Kt bel- 
ied, wtio pmmiMd lo niipply him and biA 
men with food and L'lothin^, ami ^nvt■ him 
mn estwti.' in l'^*t Au|{lia in riKtini for hiA 
<Mxii to dofflnd the cuunlry afTfiinfft nil in- 
vadi'rsC.-J.-y. Cftran.; Unrvmium I-'mmrr,'i.2; 
tientu Itf-iiim. **\c. 17fi). In tbp nnmrnflr of 
lOl.S Sn'-iid caint over wiib u spU'iidid fluet 
»nA ri-crivtd the suhmutslrtn f.f nil norrhcm 
>jiglniid. .Mihulpi-d shut hiiu§«If up in ten- 
don, and ythm the llatii^b nrmy, 6f\vT pil- 
InfrintF Mt^rcia nnd iiiarehiiiK wnstward lo 
Winch raster, luriitJ faf.r«-ard, and appeared 
bcfc-nsthf^ rity,n vijrurou^ dufunvc wum tuado, 
io which ibn king \* tuiid to bare 1x>n)e a 
fbrvmon part, nnd the anuy iigitin marcL^id 
into tb« west. Swi-nd v;».h furroalty cbosen 
M ktnff. nnd ,-Kihi^ln'il toolc Bhclter mi Thnr- 
oytersBliips.whichlay in th..'Thamwi. Emma 
WGtit ovt^r tn Nnnn»ndv t" brr brolhcr, lln- 
Vingfient tln^ twn sons fio had hy her to join 
her ihtre. A*i!i*d to ibp l»l>>«if Wicbl.sUywl 
ihcn* over ChriMinn*, Riid mHt in .lnniinrT 
lOVi cruiwi'd over toNnrmandy. H» isMiid 
10 harn taken over treasure with him fmtn 
Winehestar, aud, ihoiiKh th« c\\y waa tbt:>n 
in the hand* of Swcnd. it i« not impossibtf- 
tiiat Lift Tovnp? to Thurcyt«r» Matiuo, iho 
lele of Wig^t, may haie hi>en mad<' in order 
lo nect fiome keeper of the myal 'board.' 
H** WM hospitably recrivi^ by Dukt^ Iticbnrd, 
And nwided at Bouon (WlLL. OV JvxittiDs, 

Whi-n Swend di«l in TVhniar^' th« ' flwst ' 
chose his bod Cnut na kins, but alt the witan, 
clerp>', and laity dolcrmined to *cnd »ft«r 
jfilbrfrpd. Accordinaly be recfiived mw 
MDgvrs fn>iii lh« auemblv who told him that 
■ no lord was dearer to \\\vm than thi;ir lord 
hv birth, if 1m< wouhl rulu them rigbtUer than 
hv bad done before.' Then bti ecnt meeeun- 



i 



gen tri thit witan, and with tlH>Di ]|i« *nii 
SCadwarrl [sae KuWAltDTimruXfisMoa], pro- 
mitinglbnl bo <iroiild Tor ihv fiilnr*- ln> ag'Xiil 
lord to tliem, nnd would hf frnltt'-d hy ibr-t 
will in all thin«». A U^ ' ' i*| 

»''nt haok. aiiil m (Haf 
king of Norway ► hapjiiii' j n i..' m ^-imi 
Norman ^rt with bi.t xhip*, )io brou^^lil 
.Ktln-ln^l back to Knj^lond in Lvnl (Otii Bit 
Cvrj't't Ihett'itiit Itoiraif, ii. IIV(). tlu wi 
joyfully rcecived. nnd a Yritcmmemot w« 

uld in which tvmt; luwfi wi-n- publiKhix] cott-j 
laining nion^ ipnitl re.4nlntions, ami a dpcln 
imtiuMhst eccWsiust icul and eivular maUrr 
ou^ht to bit ilt-altwilb in thi: snm- h.4*>'ii|' 
blioe. At t Up. head of a lar^> force he marciu'i 
inio Ltmln«T. drore ('nut ont, ruvnsed ll 
dixlrirt andidaogblereil thf p^ile, cvi'lontl] 
as a punishment for the help they bad \tiy*il 
to hi4 on«mic«. Tho mli«Mction that wn 
fnlt at hi* rotiim waa lesrenvd bv hii> ord*; 
infTth&I lM.{K)0/. (A>'S. CA/wm.)'ot UO,(HIO( 
(Klok. Wlo.) ihould hv uairl to Tliiircytvl'i 
flM>t. riw! next year he held a creal )^niii 
nt Oxfunl, and during its Htwuon he, ar 
|iiT>1>ahly tbi.- wilau aUo, muxt fiavi> ^fff- 
to the treacheroiia murder of Sigff.'rth 
Morkere. chief lli*^f^« in t1ie8«Ten Jtoroughi 
hy Pjidric. il'i fionfi^cAt*"!! iboir prop^rtj 
and ordered Sipefenh'a widow to bl- kept 
Malracsbury. Conlrnry to hit winh Lia k>I 
Eadmimd taarried her. Whvnl'nut n^turooi 
lo Knglaud in Sootemher, jiCllmlred lay tic 
nt Corshum iu \\ilt)ihtrv. H'* vrat in Lun 
don I'arlv tliti next year, and wbi-n Kailuii 
gathi>roil an army fo opjxiseC^ut, bia It 
nrfuiugd t<j folhiw biiii niilr-M thi- kiiij; nnd if 
Londonera joined them, but .Kthelred 
probably loo ill lo do so. A Utile later ! 
joiniil ilio iclhi-Iing. Wlwn h-- had ilowi 
tw! waa told that there waa a plot agaiiuC 1 
life, and hv tV'reiijKjn wi-nt Iwck to X^ndn 
neain. Cnut w«!< n^■|lftrin|C to lay«iiyi< 
the citv when .Kthelred died there on 
Gcorge'sdnT, :j;i April, lOlfi, HcwbaI 
in Si. FaulV liy bi^ iir*f. wif«, .3"" 
had aeven sons, A^tUeUtan, who dieJ 
Ecgb^rbt, who died ii)x;ul lOJu ; Eadmuni] 
wlio»iicc«""ih'dliiin; Fladr^d; Kadtk-i.- 
tnan of noble chamctur un<] ki^i^' T 
(I'YOR. WlO. an. 11)1(5 ; f.>Jlfa /.'.;. 
1^), who van Imniahed hy ('nut nnd wi 
slain by bia order in 1017; Eadgnr; i 
EftdwaM (Codf-r Dtp!. i>. 7l4>; and (i\ 
rently three dau^bter», \VuIfhild,m»iTiei] 
L'lfcytel, nmldorman of Eual Anjclia: Eodi 
^Ui, married (o I-^adric Strvma; and ^dfl 
gifu, married lo Karl Uhltvd; tb».>Kihel*t<'' 
who full in hattlB with tha l)anf« in 10 
and in colled l)in kinjj^'a «iin<in>low (A.- 
Chron.', FiAa. AV'm.), wna probably .1^theI 



Ethelrc! 



33 



Ethelret 




fn sister's son (IIksby of UtsiixGlwsf. 
^second wifi-, Vjiim*, hi> liml twn sons, 
vrlio came to the throne; anfl 
^[q.T.\ who WM «laiii in KUt>; knO a 
IiKt, (roiiipfti, wUo mftrriKi. first, Drogo, 
of Mantes; and, nfttirwards, Kustaci.-, 
suit llf BoulOgDB. 
fT.i'i!i> m'l U- HililDd to Dr. FrofliiMii'it accoaut 
nr ' N'onriBnCoiMiuwt.i. 285-11"; 

?»luJiLlo «l)..i tiny w*r uo llw inlripiwt "f ilie 
Mtirt. but <u)m» of hit Htatcnimtn apprAT fuici- 
fill ; lAppiinU-Ta'* AnitloAu.'jn Kinjfi. lniii«. 
Tborpr. li.lMwj.; Ani{j^S»»onClir)n.; tlon-uc" 
of Worci«t*r : Williim of Mnlmusbury, Owia 
R«gxini -. KFtuMp'a Codes lli|>l. tuI. iii, (nil En^i. 
UUf. Sue.): ll*'!)!? of Uiintiuiploa, Mud. iri*t. 
Brit.; AOiun of Bremen: Eo«>niiuinKinma>. toh 
Ber.Qrnn. Script t.,l'i^rte: William of Jumifgos, 
I)aiJ>esB*. llirkcr'i Ividj Uiit.of l>(ford(Oxforl 
1Iiat.S»c.): VilifuKon aiid Powell's Oaqtos Poet. 
Dwwl*; Trjml of John lUmbdeai. Eaq.. 1719; 
StnbU'i Ooa»titiitioc»I HLat.] W. H. 

KTRKLRKD, jf-rTFTKLRED, AILRED, 

orAELREDdl'B'f'-lltHii.hifiinriralwriter, 

t)ii}ii(;)ii [lurhani man byfunitv — forlit^wiu 

the ti^ndwin of Eifrtvl, Ron oi W*-3ton, rb- 

crisUnof Murhnm, a faiumLs collector orrv'lics, 

■whowTw living in lU'ifii ICnnt^Ai.t), B. C'ufJi- 

tifrtiSvatvjv i.'elivaHi^n,JIi»l. J}untlm,£wl, 

uu e. 7)-''TrM bnm nt llcxliam in 1 ItM, and 

^B* 6 titc Min of I'lilau, a i>ri>-itl, wliu vtv* the 

^bpatv of I he noii-reii<Ii?nt prnvo-it of the 

^Kurcfi of ][«>j[tiain (Kiumakq of ITkiiiaii. 

r. y; Fii'ti fubor. 108-9). As <t <-\iM }i« isnaii] 

In bare Rivrn proniae of his fut.iirc san«itT, 

mnil to iiav«- iin>plirniie<i tliftlwithof o btid rtrcfi- 

l»iiJio|i of York. TliPwiitoreof .'Kthcln^rsliff! 

in 'Ada SS. B<iUhd<).' find n dirKciiUr in lliis 

nturv ; fiirLbfiiinly ari-liliisliiipivlioni it would 

fit in puiut of dAt-i! in TbomiLq II (d. IIMI. 

»f>ri hf WH* W no mpKns ii bad inan ; while 

^ ' nrd, who wrtftinly WM not a 

I 111 IIU^: and iliftj fug^ft 

lii^t .L^ti.tr.-'l may haver Iimd bom somo 

yvtn twforo UOtJ, th«^ dat^o al which thu 

1.- ■ liioarapher plares hi* birth bvb!« 

1: 'lilt hf liveij tu the mae of fifty- 

>. 1 u li L*. howcTer, ijiiit'; |Kiuiblp that 

the biotfruphn- may bare hiid ■» iniperTecc 

I ..... I .1... of Ihp drnlingii of Thomas with 

I'ltiher, wbotn Iw iiiduood to ffivr 

.it IIi-xbHm (ift.). and may tb«r«- 

' \cn lhi> archhi^hoii n bad chanto- 

Irid 3r."u' Li- I'omb io the court 

!. u one of the 

v, nn^l while iheta 

•i uutoncB of bin tvtutum* 

f'ornrinfr one of his «neiaiei 

r><il him. Pavid was nucli 

u , and wuulil Lave nudo bim 



a bighin', bwt h«) pn-f^rrBd lo Iwcome a monV, 
and Miliired the CUtercian nhhcy of IticYonlx, 
in ihf North Riding of Yorksliire, founded by 
WRtt.fr E-t^.^: ;ri, v.] in 1131. Thi-rcT be helil 
ihoodiccot masterofthe novices, and ahowed 
f^rvat l^mb-moM and patience in dijAlin^with 
Uiase undor his clmrg«. lie bec&me aliboi of 
iteveeby in Lincotnsliire (Jomf or Fktbh- 
noEOUUfTf p. 78), anothi^r Clsicnrian bouae, 
founded in 114:f, whvr<; he wiis probably tlw 
fir*t nbbot. In 114U he waa ehoaen abt«ot of 
Uiuvaulxi and rvturuvd ihitber (JutlK of 
Hr.sii*if, i-ol. ^74). 1 W .'videnti y utood wi-ll 
wilb Hunry II, for i( wus largely due to hia 
exbortacionc tliat ihc liin^f jninwl I.pwii» Vll 
of Frwico in m««tinz AWander III nl Tonoi 
in Sept^mb^r llt{2(JoiiN m- PkiKKnoKuusu, 
n. "U; fortho intiTrvir>w, IIorkut he Mostb, 
iJorntTBT, xiii.307). Although sullWiiiKfrom 
ill-bealch, ho att(^ndo(I tbfr diaptor of bis 
ordur nt Citvaus, and on hitt way thithvr ho- 
nn to compose n rhythmical proae eulogy of 
St. Cutbbsrt, for whom hv, as a nunnlrar of 
B Durham family, had a 8p*>cial vfntTittion. 
\S'hpn at Cit^aiix be laid o^ide tfai^ worlt. 
On his hciKU'ward joumny bo was acccom- 
jKinifHl byAi->v<>ral ottwr nboocs, &nd the party 
waa deUyii'd fifu>en days by cootrury winds, 
which pri.-YontiNl them from enbiirking to 
crow the Chaiuiel. Declaring that hiatit;gkic( 
of St. CutbbiTt was tho cuiuc of this delay, 
fatt rusumvd Ilia work, and tb« wind ai once 
became favourable (ItEtii.v.iLR, /I. CtitMert, 
p. 17t)). Xothini; more itt known of the 
Com|Ki«ition. He wan a friend of Rr^iiuild, 
l.hn monk of Durham, and efttt bim to visit 
the bwmit 0"dric. in onW to gaiii mnlj^nals 
for writinjr hia life, a work in which /Rtln-l- 
rv.-d assisted him. Uvgioald alfw wrote hia 
' Life of St- f'litiilv-rl.'al bi« r>H|ii<!«L and with 
hiii hi'Ip, and cites him as Ilia auth'irity for 
tieveral of the brgends it contains (i^. pp. H'i, 
57, 60). On 13 Oct. UflS he wm pretcnt aC 
the traniilatiou of Eadwar^l Ibe Confessor at 
Westminster, and oflcrcd his 'Life of the 
Ccmfvseor' mad a bowilyon tbc word^'Nvmo 
acci-ndit lumen," written in his praise (Jonn 
oP ]'b*niKR'JU0UOii, p. 79). Thu m-xi year 
bij wont nil a miMion to thn PictA of f}allt»> 
WAT. who WDn< then in a wild and undrilieod 
condition, ciini>1nnlly figlitin^ amon^ tlism- 
sidvr!), and ounk in vice and vnorance. Ho 
was at KirkcudbriKbt on 20 Itfarch. IIo 
induc«-<l the chief of thn Pirta Wi h>>com« a 
monk. Ko also visited Melruee in the pre- 
sent Rox burgh sb ire, and Lauderdale in the 
preaent Itonvick«bir« (M. CutMterl, pp. 178, 
188). Duriug the Inst t«m yearn of bis life lu* 
anflfired much from both f^ut and stooc, but 
in t\i\i» of hit! bo<lilv wcakntws iiontiuurd to 
, oat K> fporingly that ha was ' mora like a 



Ethel re< 



34 



EthetrcJ 



fliost rhanft uiaD'(rV/'>,iinoii.t All through 
l4ii'i 1)1^ was troubled with a. hitrd oaugfa, so 
tltst vftun, when b« roturned from mass, he 
eonid neither Rpesk nor tnmi; but lay cx> 
luasted on hia pallet. It ia said tlul one 
dny, vrhtn IiIk otokiMU was v«iy sore, aa he 
•at OD a mac beA/re the fire wilh his head on 
his kni.-es, ont' of the moiika cama into the 
room, and, after declariu^ that h» was only 
sliainming, threw him, mat aod all, uti th'o 
fim. The othfT monliB pickt>il hiro off And 
laid hold of thi- uOuQik-r. But tht saint da- 
c]at«d tiiat bn wan not hurt, onler<-d lliat nn 
puniahmeat should be inflict^ on his a^t^l- 
ant, aiid kinM-d Kiid fonrnrn him (t&.) He 
died on 13 Jan. 1 1f>6,al tilt; age of (iftr-wren, 
and was buried at Ripruiilx, whftre Ijelnnd 
gaw hi« tomb, which wa^ adomod with f^ld 
and Mlver. FI« urtis caDooi^ed in 1191. 
ScT^ral fomiR of his nnm<* orrtir bosides those 
givvn at the hmd at t hi* article. 

^1 haired wrotosovoral hiatoricatand thtto- 
lopcal works. All that hare beeo prinlod, 
with thx I'xCAptlnn of the book on tn« H«x- 
ham miroclev, will he faund in Mi^t>'<i 
' Palrologin,' lyxcv. 105 »q. Paris, lft55. His 
histrtripal works are : 1. 'A'jta et Mirociila 
S. EdwHjdi Itegis et Confe^soris,' written aC 
the tvqucst of Lawrenw, abbot of W«l.min- 
ater, with ft nroloa^e addreaaed to Ue&ry 11, 
This biopra]>liy was d«riv(>d from an enrlier 
lifrt hj OflV^ri or Usbura of Cl&ro. prior of 
WeetmioAter, and was compiled for thn 
tmni'Iation of tbi.> Coafiuaor's body in 116S. 
It hoM in turn Ih!«ii made tlut (fra mid work tif 
a mftriiMt lifo of thuOonfesMir.wrirtxtn about 
th^ mi-Jdln iif th« tlurttvnth centurv, and for 
a Latin poem of the reign nf iT^nrj- VI, 
both printed in ' Lives of Edward the Con- 
frs»rtr,' mi. I.itnrrI (Iti)lis ^r.) It has al«o 
been TeniGad in Liitin elo^no^, a work oft«n, 
though ormneoiisly, attributed t« .-Kthelml 
hitnaclf { I<rARi>). ' .liihclrt'd's ' Life ' is in a 
mutiltttedfonninCapffTavoV'ljeitendaNwTn,' 
1510, in iho ' Do Prohntis tlS. Iliatorits ' of 
Surius, i. 127 wj., C'olotruo, 1670, in the 
' Vit« SS." of Suniw, i. 62 sti. C-olofriu; 1017, 
and in 'Acin SS. BoUaiid.' Jan. i. p. 29S 
wi. Antwerp, l()4H. It Wiut fur the first lime 
aaetiuati'ty prest'iitcd by Sir Itojrnr Twynden 
in til"' ' Dttwia H<rriiilJtr>T«,' en!, ."JOSt f^i]. l,oii- 
don, IftW. 2. 'Ih* Bello 8tandnrdii,*B Tolu- 
abln tnirt on the battle 'of the Standard,' 
fought n««r Xorthallftrtrtn S2 Au(r. 11^8, 
between the army of David of S<x>tland 
and the forces of northern EnsUnd. In 
this narratire Walter Kspi'c is made theprin- 
cipal iMidef on the Ecclish aide (oomp«i« 
th« account givtm hy HrarBT op Hcxnwa- 
vas). lliis tnwt M inTwytidOTj,c<ilB. .SS7- 
346. 3.*I)cQeiierositat4] , . . rv^ia l>avid,' 



Pinkertons 'Vitw B8. Scotia*,' p. 437, 
ia really n part of -1. * He genealogia n^ 
Anclonim, which contaifis wimit uix-fut 
tioM of the familr of Mnl.-olra, inoamnU-t 
preseDtad by Twysden, ool, 347 Bq. *. * 
Sanctimoniali do Wnllon,' a moat reTfi 
ing story of moiiaiHic life (Twysdca, 
41G «q.) a. ' Vita H. Xiuiinl.' of no Ti 
(Capgrare and Pinkerlou). 7. *I>o Miroc 
UafTUfitaldeu^is Kcck-si* ' (MabilUin, ' Ac 
KS. 0.S.11," i. 1'04, Venice, and in Cat* 
Eaine's ' Priory of Hetbam,' ii, 173 «q. Dii 
ham, 1?«4, S«rt4>rti Hoc.) H. ' iJo fum' 
tiono Mrtnusteri^mm S. Maria' Kbor. d« 
Fontibus' imprinted M.S. C. ('. C. C^amh. 
T. IS. ft. ' Kpitaphium rviriim Sooionu 
apokeii of by John of IVterbon)n«Ii, ia ^o 
sibly a mistake for the 'De Generoeita 
David;' if a distinct work it is pmbalj 
lost (btit f^e Wright, Itiil. Pn't.), aa ahto] 
the • rbythmica prow ' of Itej^nald's »lu 
quoted above. Tne ' Marpariup Vita, rwjiii: 
Scotife,' attributed to .Elhvlred by Wnj 
and othent, mad printed by 8uriita 
' Acta SiS.,' is not hia work. It aiip 
be an abridcment by Capgrnve of the 
commonly attributod la Tiiffrot. with mt 
addilioni taken from .^-^thnlrwl < H 
o/ MaUrioU, ii. Sftl). 10. *C1. 
Adam ad Ile.nricum 1 ' Ja wrhnj" i wn 
see Uakdt, as above), This ^oi'lCri 
|irobahly a continuaiioti, smms \o bera 
to by ^'ihn of Poterl>i rough, who ut 
1 ! JS3,p, 77.wril«a, ' Hie (inil cliroiuca Aln 
The tlieolojpcal w>irks of .-Etli.-livd were 
collerted by Richard Gibbfin*, H,J., who ' 
eludes several of the moc^ iutponant in 
'Lhvra Diri .\elredi Rhie^alloni'!*,* Dot 
IGltl. l«.^l. They are: 11. 'isormonea 
Onere Biibylonijs'on In. e. riii, sq. (Qih^M 
• Bibliother* Cisli^riVienfiium,' y. ^ifO ; * Ma 
Uibl. Vel. Pot.' xiii. I-l^l, Cologne, lUt 
' Maxima Bibl. Vi't, Pnt.' xxiii. Lyons, IfJ"* 
12. 'Speculum Charitatis' (Oibl)-"!* ai 
nthor*). VA. 'Compendium Spociili Chs 
iaiia.'written bufore tht? l«r)»erwork, and 
pandixi byniim-Jtt, 14. ' l>eSiaritt 
citift,' a treatise in llic form uf a dij 

lik» the ' Pe Amicitia ' of f 

ntid othen>, and in 8. Aup 
15. 'De duodecimo anno t,I.,,.-., 
and others """^ '" ^- Berimrdi Opera, 
flW). 10. 'S<Tmoneis'(lw(«nt>-tivi'>,m'l»t( 
('i*lerc-' V. i&i aq., c<rtRin homiltea are 
Combefls (hr a misprint in WriRht'a ' Bifl 
I.il..'Oorab«'^n«),'BibI. Pnt-Crtncinnal.' Pat 
liifi* (Tanner"), and the homily '!*« Nal 
Domini' in th*" new edition of Com! 
Paris, IftW. I". * K'T'tlti •'ire In-filTifl 
Inclosanim,' Lucas " 
lt«gularum,' pt. iii. p. I ! ■ ■ 



Ethelstan 



35 



ithehvert 



iWa. ntfl <fd. Mftbillon, Puis, I7IU, uIm^ in 

S, Auffiiktiui Opera;' cf.' l*atroli>i;ift ,' 

cxA. l4o1. 18. * D« Nntara Anlium,' 

loffuct, nut |iniitei1, in llodl. ^18. ot.', 

ucrihed in RritUti Miueum Lanad. 

PSHO. 111. ' Fftsrii-iilus fmndiuai,' lott. 

r"' EpUlola-,* Iwr, (WBtOHT}. 

rVii* S, Aelraii. ftoon. AcNi SS. BoIIaikI 

. 30 i Rf^imldi 3Iuii. Duo^lm. >iv 

n. CnthUni. pp. 176-8. 188, cl. 

ini-; » lUi S. Oodrifi. pp. 19, I7:t. 261J, «d. 

infUMn; Pr>w7 t>f Bcituitii, prof, ii, 173, 

ia« (nil !ttin««!vic.), ^Iim<y>Q of Durham. 

Iti«lni. Ecclcaiir, t-o!. 31 ; Hi<?hurd »f Un- 

Ijbi>L 30S ; John of Roxhnm. col. 274 (all in 

ep) ; John of P«(e»boroiigh. pp. 77-8V, «L 

, Rai&e'a Fasti F.bor. pp. ISft-S ; Tfoloa 

Hrit. ('jit. will. 2. WTipt. 99; Tnoat-r'a 

Jrit. p. 247 ; ■Wriehi"6 Rioj*. Lit. (Anslo- 

B«n), p. 187; GUrdys Cot. of MatvmlK, i. 

S, li. 248, 294.] W. U. 

FrrHELSTAJI, jETHELSTAN, or 

..^^-FSTAN iJl.UiCi, ..jililnrninn of Ewt 

n of .EHieln-d (Kkiibli;, Citdes- 

- 1, nr.iwtl)ly frranilHon of /Ethclrccl I 

V.,, ana ceTiAlnlv a member of the 

ftl bouM of Wcwci, liad hia Mtrimoaial 

■ions ia tlie pruvioec of Dvvon, nud 

tigt^ Ihem for an estate at UalBeM 

it9DK>. fid VAS Rinrlo pjiltlumian of 

ii« lir his kinKinaii jlCthrlManaliatit 

^cDipI.Mt^). JIfl married .T*'lfwpn. 

cwnu fotili.'r-tmilher to Kndgar, Hnd 

nlablr a aUtfr of Hidnnth. hUhnp of 

»t<'r (lii'fQria Hamvf.y.b-i; U'jiiehi- 

fi' is »otn<* ditriciiliy an to the statc- 

imit that. .-l^thelstanV wife wiu a t^ftor-iii- 

Uio rnldorman Urihtnnlh, hut Th>> 

wen* doubtlfs» allii^l hy marriage 

l#f, JWi ii. 7, ti). /Eth»-Utan k-ld « 

p1w(' in thckinirdoiii duriti); Ihi? natfii of 

junil ; li:» priivmro was uf larKi.' i-xtpnt, 

llhirr thin or in lh« ntfil rt'itrn hi" wni> 

iii-f cnhhirmnii. and was failed h_v the 

uf tlalf^lting ( /lutontt Unmtvt, 

. ; rifo 0*italtli, p. ■128). Thr..ii)jhout 

ppicn of Kadml }iu name Mandii |^n«- 

pf not invariably bi*fon' ihnse of lh« 

»cn ill lbet<>^te of phnrli-rs (lb« 

I attv«t4 Ojdfr Ifipl. 4yO wiis ' 

'aniTtbBr e«JdoriDftii). Hl' was a, 

}i\ of l>iinstAn fq, v. fiir nolicti nf their 

»titp;, and vvidcnlly uplield litni and 

i-tuuthrr in ih«ir ndmini^trnliDQ ! 

raifni.i III r.^iikinr-ilhi<ipo^iEirinundiT ' 

_' thnl it hsd become in- 

'Vtini (Dent, Olid i-nt*rcd | 

litonbiiry, pn?a<-niin|^ ii 

•*i! i'h AN'nngton iji Somt-T- 

T)ljablj in '.'rtJ, and befnrt' 'Ji* Nov. 

fear, wfauii bl« eldotl Km apptuua us 



< eal'Iorninu (ii. 41{f ; Jliston'a Jtatnet. p. 1^; 

I'tVrt OfiCftlili, p. 4'2S). It lu« been aascrted 

tlint he foiitiiiued oaldormaii until 967 (.Vu/^ 

man Cunntiett ,\. I'BU), but tbi^ afisivtioii reata 

on a cotuiiHiDu belwt-t'ii hiiu uud Luut her r>al- 

I donuaii of thK flaui^ imnie, who atl>-Ktit char^ 

I tore at tha eiuhh time and for foraB yivm «ft«r 

; hi«rf<tiri!<ment. 11b li'fi fi>uriiim<i by jTOfweu: 

.l-'rhelwold, who BU<axedMl liitn, inarri«d 

,KlftUrytb. daui;htRr of Ordgor, caldorraan 

uf Ibf^ w>?«t prMviTiii-ii, afViT^vardj* ihe wif4 of 

King I'^idfrar, and di'.'d in \y^-2 r&e<i KuuiRfor 

lef^iid of bis d<'SthJ ; .ilClfn-oId, who appears 

lofttt#8tiwihi-pi (Ot*.!- A>/. 41)l.fiOS)nflflr 

' bU elder brother's d'?ath, and ia naid on K'jod 

I authoritj to have become exoc«din[c'7'P<"*^P- 

ful, though he doo-t not app>>aT (u 1iaro bvoa 

I tm ealdormaii yVita Oav\tldi, p. \-lii\. miir~ 

H(.'d.£lfhild,diL'dbefur<] lOU-^andwua buried 

at HaniM7 [m^e further un<l«r fCTHRl.WlXRJ; 

.t'tbelai^, who nUo atteeU as thegn, and 

.l^tiielwinp. Tl haN b<!cn attg^-vtilod that 

on ,-KcheUtnn'ii death \\\» naldnrmanrj wm 

ported araonif bU sous t Coiiyur»t i)f Engiand, 

p. sod), but tiMsro Mxm,% no ground for Iha 

suggest ion. 

[Biatori'i RumaitiDab, pp. 11,09 {ItoU«Ser.); 
nil*. Klii-nflif, ii. e. 7. S l,G«U) ; Keml-le'n (%idfti 
l)i(il.ii. 183-322, iNiii«ii](l-:iii(l.li;sL.StK.}; Vila 
Owwalrli.liistJrioBMof Vcirk. i. 428 (Rolls 3er,>; 
Memorials of I>un(^iaii, p. 4<(RolI« i**r.); liA- 
WrlHuii'ii lli>i[OTic»l I^H^ay*. fp. 170-Sl ; OroGo'a 
Cooqui-tof KnaUiid. up. SCO, 28(1, 310: Free- 
mun B NoTunn Conqnch. i, 269.1 W. H. 

ETUELWERD or .fiTHELWEAHD 

(rf. til's'-'), ehr<jniolor, who, ftoixiniinj; to bja 
own tla't-ment, waa BTtal-ffrcat-grnndson of 
Kiu)^ .ICthoIrcd, elder brotlior of Alfrwi, 
wrot« a short Latin chronicle in which ho 
Blyleii hiuiself ' I'atricius Consul Fabius 
(juiBslor,' the first two titloa merely fli)niify- 
IDK tliat liu was un eahtorniaiii uud the n-et 
IxtiiiK a rhetorieal flimrisb. It is probable 
tliat ba may be ideutitied with tha --Elhid- 
wt^nri] d>-«cribrd in the teM^ of a cbnrti;r of 
997 afl the t-aldonnan of tlie weetom pro- 
vinces (Kkkbls, CW<u- Tii^. 698), n title 
which weniB lo signify that he ruled orer 
Jh'vonnhire, Dorsetshire, and Somerwtshire, 
(bat bowasthefathcrof.KlhelinitrthoOrftftt, 
who tucoeedod to hi* ollic*-, the foiuider of 
Ccme Abbey, and the friend of .-Elfric the 
Orammarian (tho date at which \w ccatwe to 
»tl*-0t etiartrr* sm^ma to luako it impoiiaible lo 
identify him with .ICihelweard the eueceamr 
or.-EtlwlniiKrj.tbatlwjiiiiit-d with Archbishop 
SiffrTic and the «wMorman ..■Rlfric in 9<>l in 
making the peace by which the Danes were for 
Xhv timl time bouffbt off (TnoRfB, Ancir^t 
Imw*, i. 2t^ 1 ), and tliat in tK)4 ho accouipanied 
13inhop .lUlf lieah on an embassy to Olaf of 

i>2 



Ethelwerd 



36 



Ethehvine 



Korwaj, uid persuaded bim tu meet King 
j-V'thpIrm) nt AndoriT «nd mxlcv ■ Itutlng 
ppocp with liim. He •Kitn^ttaeA Beveni char- 
tore as ealdonn&u from i>7& (o 99S iucluure 
(KEin>T,K, ihdr.r Dipt. ftflO-rOfI), nnd M ht8 
■ubficripttoQft appeftr to coasv in HW, it may 
bfc ftu[ipa«c<l that Ito divxl in or nboiit thiit 
year. WUlinnt of Maliott^burj', who calU 
the cbmnicler 'Klwardvic,' dowribea Iiim bb 
'itlustrioiisundino^ifi(r<.>iit.' (Prolog. Gftta 
Jieytim). H<f wrote !ub clitonicle for hia 
kuuwoman, Matilda, the pvar-great-CTand- 
daugltter oi Alfred, who wiui aujian-utly tlii' 
daughter of Liudulf of Suabia. Ihi: ann of 
the Qurnisn Iting, Otto (aflvmards empnrar'), 
by Kiwi^'tli, ilimglitrriif l-*A<ltt'iinl Him KIdi-r, 
and who married Ohiuu, count ol' Milan, and 
dWil lOll ( Stbv »:si*(ix). Th» climnitl"? of 
/Ktli«lv<«r(] roniiixtit of fniiri«hnrlboolui; the 
first begiDH wuh thecrpntionaiid goes down 
to 4411 ; the early part of the botik tmetOB to 
bo tiikoQ fn>nt ttouif atwtriCts of Inidoru't 
' UriffiiiM.'lbe rest eomM from 3t»da. The 
raoiaiiidcrufliiswurkiii&inui^'n'ediapilalioR 
from th« ' Aufflo-Sai'm ( 'hrouii-Ii-.' It «»i- 
dcntlv rpprea^'UtJ! stime version of the 'Chro- 
nicii' wliic-li duL-e nol vxist now, wnd uivv» 
BomefRW fartfi thnt ai* nni found elsjewlierc, 
a«, for example, thai the i-aldonnun, IIun,who 
fflln: Kllanduae, wa.* buried nt "Wincln^ter, 
which et^'ius the only hint wt- have as to the 
locality of Ihu ViatTk-. In tht« way .l^thel- 
wcard'a work baa done good aerviei-, for it 
baa helped hiMnrinns to arrive al the way in 
which ihu hiKik geHi.-rii) ly ealtcd t he ' Atitf lo- 
Hax'in Cliroiiiele' was ri-ully writt«'n. Ilia , 
work cnde with a l.nlin tninxlMtioiiof uueof : 
lUi'piiKmstui liuilgar, llwlaal ilate lieing U7a, ■ 
Tlia I'hronoiojjy in confiispc! ; he soarcely over 
munTiuui a voar, nod simply dates hit uvetite , 
Tjy xtiitirii; t\m( thrr l<vik jilace a year, or two , 
yearii, after the evonts last recorded. Hia 
■tyk ia alTected and oWum. 1 1>- w>« utterly ' 
Cftivleis of gnucraar, and aa with thift cnrii- I 
IvMDess be combine] an ntteinpt to write ' 
tcrMly,bei'!eoniGTimeAalmrv;it imintelllgihlti. j 
At lhf> raniu time hia ehronicle haa an ini- 
p-^rtant plaee in our literary' histoTy as the 
work of a layman at a lime when eccle^ia*- 
tie-» w»Tr« t!te only people that wrott uiu— 
thins. Stranpely euyufh. Uii^hup Nicjl«ori. 
tliinkini;^ tluit iIik .MutiMa forivhcim .Klhti- 
weard wmte was liie wife of the Coof{uerur, 
dfclfires thai ll is wrtain tlint hv waa aliv« 
in UKK) 1 KufflUh Itvtt. TJAraty, p. 40), and 
still more atranf^ly Wrifiht uureserredly 
aeccpte Ike tHshop'a opinion. Someof-^-'lhet- 
wvard'a blundera are ^rha^s to be attributed 
to t hecarelcaaneu of kia original ed itor, SavUe. 
The only tnauuuripl of lh« chronicle known 
to hsTv' ■!xist«d waa in tbe Cottonian col- 



lection, and waa burnt in 1731. Tbi»^ 
innKribed by Savile and printed jn 
• Scriptorts post ItiRdam,' London, KiQC. re- 
printed inor« carelfSdlr, Fniukfort, IWI. 
.,4-^thelweBrd'a chfjuicln is al»o includird H 
the 'Monumenta Ilictortca Itriuiniiica,' It. 
wht-r^ I'etric lui* n-printed SaVilft's text, f^\ 
ing vtnendflliona in ftrot-iioiu. ll has bi-e 
trnnii|at.i»] by Giles in hi« ' Six Old Iiluglij 
Chpjuiirlfji," and by StL'TMLVin in vol. ii. 
' Churvb liiEttjrians of England.* 

[Liitlo can bonddixl to wbat Sir T. D. 
hn«Mi<l About J-^ihelnranl in Mod. Iliat. 
ptrf. p. 81, •ml I'-iS. of MMfHsIa, i. 571 
(Rolls 8<>r.): I-nbii Kilidwctdi Oino.. Ma 
lli.it. Bril.499-A21: A -ij. I'hma. Ann.091. Mig 
FliiTMiCB of Woreniitcr. i. 152(Kiigl. Ilirt. 8oe ] 
Witliiim of Malnievbury. I'r«lij|tw* to 0< 
R«^um(Ke^1. Ilift..So>.\); Robocttop'aHirtor 
Euajr*. pp. 178, IHH; rrremnn'* Nnnona Co| 
<|it«rt, i. 305, 318; Slr^-(;u•tin's Cbaivh Diarc 
riaaa, ti. pref. is; Gt-nt. Mo^ . lt<A7. p ISOa^.r 
an an. by Riter iu tke fona of a r«riev of 
Oilca's Hod StereaaiiD's Irnndaiiona ; WrJAht 
Biog. Lit. (Aiiflo-fSaxoa). p. 623.] W. U. 

ETHELWINE, .CTHELWINE, or 

ALLWl?I(i/,i.1lL't,ei.i(!«'r:i:Liit<.ri:u.-I.\i.p!in, 
fourth and youn^!;t m>ii of the enldurman 
.'Kl hi-l<<taM, cjiIIhI tlm Ilalf-kiug [o. r.j, and 
his wiffi .-Rlfwen ilfut. Rom^n. p. i:i; accor^l 
ing to the conteuiporarj- author of the VH 
0«ivrJU>',p.-l2!l,'fmterl«nius,*hattheItain.*( 
historian la not likely to have been mielnkmi] 
snf^^MH to the eaIdorman»hip of I*i 
Aui;liu OH iho death of hi§ eldest hrolhc 
yElhelwold. in yiW Tsec undrr ErncLATi 
and CtinMiJ. iboiigli^ie hud two elder br 
tbera, .KJfwold ntid .KtbelKige, then livti: 
.Klfwold, howcTer, ia said to have been 

fi-jw<-rfultlialhedidnotcan.-(otnketlH'uffie 
le may havi; «r'-ferreJ unotKcinI life ( t'ii 
OffLoUi). .'Bllielwinewns a lib>>rnl nun^Kjrtl 
of thtt new ll<-ne<lictinv revival, mm tbef 
can be nodouhi thai the intlueno! be hi _ 
over Knilgar, vrho married bi» i-iMer-in-laiir 
/Kinhrt'th, had iiuich to do with tho eagvr- 
neM with which the kiog acted in tbe mt 
cnasc. Considerable rivolrr w-ema to bai 
exiiled U-twei-ii .l-lthelKiue and Ilrik 
the eiildortunn <if the Ka.4t-.Sa.Tona, on \ 
fi'U.'. and .Elfberv the .Mercian ealdc 
who !<uce>n-d*-d III thi' ]io<<iti'>n of chief 4 
man formerly behl hv .KThelwiiiv'A 
{('inif.r Jjijil, pp. Wl *<y'), on the iithe 
.'Kthtl wine's raonnittic: admirers record tl 
he was handsome, cheerful, and though 
literate endowed with every virtue {JTU 
Hamtt. Tf.'-iX); bat they owed him and \ ' 
bouse too much to be Minting in their pmia 
He chaucL-<] to mee.t (V.wald, bishop of Wo^ 
cetl«r, at the funeral of a certain thogn 



^theluine 



37 



;thelwoI 







Glutoabunr, uul ihe bisbop iirsecl him to 
baild « ttioaoitery. Sometime )>;forc he hul 
Iwd a bad atuicli of gout in his feet, uid in 
<tb«(iiKni;H lo n Tii>>i}n and u mintculoTU rutYi 
Toodunfed by St. R-netlict, lie had ni»«d a. 
itUn TV(i(»dcii <-hiircb (m the i*l« of U^ntsty 
alluntingdrrnsbire.&ndhfuiput threumoiik* 
here i ib. p. M'* ; (Wrx Dipt. .'.81 ). When 
^d tJii« to the biahop be exbon<^ him to 
on tha work, and prDouaeti to H>ntl htm 
•om« monks imm hxs houiw »t WMlbury, 
The monk(« nimc. and in 9(18 he bepaa liw 
buililin^, erwting a Btone church wilh tiro 
toircn-, onf nt the wisl end. i«m1 th(> fitbt;r in 
(-. ■ I- - *in([(iii columns and arch«8. It 
in i>74, nnd he tras prui'nt at 

d* I. \iy Oswald on 8 Nov. He pd- 

dovc-d it tvjili mauj- (;raiit<t of land, and 

broFogbt iJiitJier fiom W ukt-rin^ in l^«(?x the 

boom nf tl»' iimnyni .l-Illiilrtd and .Kthel- 

brihc, two Kentii^n n'thlings alain in 6(t4. A 

cWiniaat sp|x»ar<f<I fi.>r (ine of the ^Ntate* b(^ 

gave lo thi> hou.i^. which .w dimmed thf 

valdorman that he wished to etiiy him, hut 

was piyvcn)<Ml by the prior. No abbot was 

claetvd wtulu he aud Ui^wald, who werv mn- 

aideivd joint faunders, livrnl; they .OiartM the 

p>Ti>rnmrut of I ho boup.- and <• iaited it eVErjr 

war, .Ktht-lwini?, tlioiiuh a lnriniin,r\crcijrinft 

*• oiilhoritTof an abbot ittitt. Itames. p. 

10 J Vita itmmlili, \t. 447; MuMatficon, ii. 

7l. On thn death (if Kiidfrar in 97*) the 

ralrr botwwn llie> Kiut-Anfrl'"" "nd Mer- 

... 1 .,,_.. )' i- '>iii, in a violent ecclitiiutt- 

;■' jlUlfhiinj and bin jiarty 

,.,! ;., ,. .V from the rhurrh« ra 

tbcy bad lately Rained poMvesion, 

Iv, ii..' L ;i!h-r.-d nn nnnisl fcrcfl and de- 

■.■>-* of KtMt Anglia. His 

111 ■ -M" -1 ntiiii who laiilcliiim 

o ftumc Intiii bplnui;!! urchof Pet«I^ 

|lH>n.>ii^li: hi' went tu I ■ lelwold [q.T.] 

t W'iiii'bt"*!"-?, prV'fuirvu aiipiircntly to do 

-T^inc" far this ui^l of Violenw. hnt the 

T i rli>rp>' r.'ceivi'd him with honoor 

l>>raftb>>t:hurch. Dotbthcbrothere 

liidiu!!^ ;;ic<rauiwi)f ihir mnnkii tH a wit^nage- 

_m>t wbirh rai't pmbohlv after th» eloctiooof 

fSidwanI the Marirr ( j7/« fhuuldi, p. W>\ 

Aftre ihi- di-aih of .'Klfheni in 0-3 .Kthej- 

wltM Mramf to hare held the pimilion nf rhief 

atiidortaha{Cod<-r IHp!.CA7.t^t>^.eMa). Nut 

-fu-T tho chun^h fit Itamsey W8» 

I I in lliu foiitidationa raim-d 

iiiit-nrlii iH>'iiniici|Nd tower, 

' cniue more or lens 

: iiih iho church, do* 

bi[.'i> altar, nud pn-M-ntM the 

I with an cTfia. Ho was jires-'nl at tho 

didioattoD of t he n<'W hiiildin^ liy Oswald in 

, aod b said lo liavc mado a Bpi^ech to the 





^reat m«n wbo had come to the ceremony 
Irom CamhridfCi-'Sbire. Bedfordshiri-. Hvrt' 
fordshire, Himtiogdoniditre, Northampion- 
nhiri*. and Xefilvven, n list tluit is aomn guida 
a» to tho I'Xtent of his ealdormanry, whieh 
also took in Norfolk and Suffolk, Soon afl*r 
thiA, finding (bat bia health wa^ failin);, hs 
pfjfiiiu viiiiti^l IComvny, mniln lliu confi-vHion 
before thrr hi^h altar, and addressed tJie nonka 
on the choice of an abbot after bis d^nlh. 
Hr< wmii nt ItnitiiH-y when Iho fiding> of the 
death of Onwald were hn>u^ht; him, and ina<la 
a nueech lothe cwnffTPffaticin on th*f low th^ty 
had euMaioed. nefelrO?wnld'i*dtyithd(<tiily, 
and never smiled sgoin after he bean! of il. 
In 902 he fell sick of n fever, received nnc- 
lion and the viaticum from vKlfbcah. bishop 
of Winrlieeter. and died on S4 April. He 
was bunL'd at Ramsey. Towards ttio ^-nd of 
tin- thirltH'uth ciTilurv an abbot of HaiuAoy 

fdaced an el%y of him of gilded bnuui upou 
t\» Inmb {Ifuf. Hamf*. p. .US n.X). lie 
wai patron, nr.aa it mav nimoat he Eaid, pro- 
prietor, of St. Neots anJ Crowland n« iKt-ll as 
of Itnmscy, Thiibpnffit.i he cnnferrrd on thn 
monks eaueed him to he called the 'Friend of 
Ood ' ( Vita Oittmtdi, p. 44tl ; FlflR. Wlo. i. 
144.149,160). ilii<reBidence wasat Tpwood 
in lluntinedonshin-, H« married .Klli«l- 
RiL-d. by whom ho had two sons: t^dutne, 
who *tH-m* Id have diiKl abortly after hii 
father, for all tlie ealdorman's iiiht^ritance d&- 
«H>niU'd to.Kllii'Uviird, ii|i]>iirently bin nricoud 
Aon (//(>r KttMu. pp. 103, !J;li Vita O9- 
ttxi/rfi", p, 467). .Ktuirlward »wni» for xomo 
yoflra to have hnd no bifrhertitlfl than lhi«gn 
(CVdar l/ii>l. 687; the .Ethelweard wbose 
name atanda first of the ealdfinnen from 'Af£ 
to 999 waa caldormnn of thi' wftTorn pro- 
vioves). bul probably held the ealdormanithip 
beforf! his death (tb. 71if), ond shared ihs 
govumtneul wilh I'lfoyivl. He fell at A^ 
aanduii in lOlG, and wus buried at lUnisej; 
he had 00 wife or child i,..'!.-^'. C'Arvn. Bub an. ; 
Ifi*t. Ifawji. p. llfi). .Kthelwiiu! aniu'itrn 
al.'«o to have married .F^thel^ifu and Wulf- 
gifu. 

I Biatoria Kamniemrii (Itoll* .Ser.) ; Vita (V 
wsldi, IMstnriiinB of York, toI. i. (Rolla .Sor); 
Florence of W<>K«itpr (ICiiftl. Uim. ^m ) ; Kent* 
Wt't Codax DiplnniAti^iu (RnsL RihL S<!c.); 
GrMn'o Coiuitirj>t of Knf^aad, H<iIi«ctaon'« Tlin- 
twrical Kunyi ] W. U. 

ETHELWOLD, .iETHELWOLD, or 
AI)ELW0I,I).8Ai>iT(l»6?'9&i), bishop of 
VViiii'lic-ii-r, the lon of parenia of i^^pjod pcMii- 
ti<'>n, citiienR of 'Winvhef^ter, watt bom in tho 
rei([n of Kndwaiii I he KhW. Thu yvar of 
liin birth is uncertain ; 908 is eufigBflted by 
ilie vdilors of ' Acta Sanctonun/ Aug. i., but. 



Ethel wold 



38 



Ethelwold 



lilia is mvT\Ay buwcl ua a fpiuM u to Ills tg» 
irhtm nriLiimv) (iriMt. In cluldliixii] lie wob 
wpII infitraclf.-d in rvli^oua knawk<dgv, niitl 
whrn In' wn* vi^l. j"'»iii»(( t-nltrwl Ihi^ Imuw:— 
li'dd n( .I'^hflsUn, bpcoiningnin> of hi9«^m^- 
tatu", "r roUowors. Ae such lie rvmiinfO 
for a o<'»ti)i'U'T«hIi> tinw!, l<Mirnitif[ a ii^vm) (ien] 
from the counwliors of tlio king, for Le wns 
a fchaT]>-witt<Hl lail. In aciviMflniN? witb thi> 
)t\ne'» fli^ire h<- vwIvhI the t'jnsnro from 
^CLfheab, or ' Kll'-ct? ihe JIhIJ,' bUbop of 
WinchMliir, ttIio Al«oaft«ra while admitted 
tiim to [iritrM'" ord^Tii. J-UflivaL is Mid lo 
liaTo ontaini^ hrrih him and IJnnetan priMts 
Bt ibv saniu tiine, and \.<j liuvc furclotd that 
both of them should lii-ifjin>' hUbopa, and 
that .1*^1 hel wold shauld fiucntid tothuiKM! he 
tJn'ii hi'ld. H"' rr-maint-il with /Klfhi-ah fp>r 
fftme time, and leamt much from liiin; for 
th*-rt' i» rwMoii tn bielieve that the biuhop 
WA8 inlrnt on mormflic reform, Hb then 
entereii the mnnajitery of Ulaatonburyi where 
he hold tin- ollico of dean of tbc monastery 
undiT Dunntan. Al Olasionhun.- hii iwn- 
tinui'dhisfiludifji, I*-ani:iip the iirt*of jrmui- 
mar and |KwtrY, Iw.^idriin'adinir tbeoiogt^ieal 
works, waj* ciiu»tnnt in wnt<"lii(ifj, nnivt^r, 
andfaAting, and inexhortinjr thpbivrnn'n to 
SUKtcrity, whioh he was '-'spiTi ally abU.- t'j'lo, 
ns the monastic doui nnpisir? to havi^ hf^on n 
disciplinary oUic^r. He Kt an example of 
huniititr and llilipl^nce by worlring in th<* 
iQDuaslery >;ardt-n and gathi:rint,' ilii> fruiTii 
DiN-drtl for llic O'jmmon muuls. C-onitfiou.<t 
that Kn^lisli mouii^tit-iitin fi-11 furU-hiud that 
which was to hu seen in the ^n^t houM>9 of 
Dortlicni Fmnw and Flmidfiv, hu ilt^inNl 10 
go iibniad I list li>- might learn tlu' riili' thai 
wflfl obfiiTved in them. JCad^ifu, the molber 
i>f Kadritl, and Punelnn. Ihukintr's cbicf ad- 
visrrr, wet« miwtlliiitf that h« ■hoiibl iruv 
tbe coimlry. Eadrvxl arnmlingly r>>fnswl 
hiiu iwtnnixiion tn ^Mftbrotia), and, with Diin- 
iitan B roiirmrpiieft, gaTO him a omall ra(mH»* 
t«ry that hnd Inn^^ piood at AbincdoD in 
7V'Tli.«hir(>, that hr mijrht tbcro found a con- 
l^re^lioR which should lire accordinff lo 
nooaatir ruli*: for with the e3tc«ption of 
(tlaxtoflbury ih^ I'^nijiish motuiitunoc wvni 
tenanted bTCommnnitieAthat wemnot tnon- 
BDtic, and many of them had gone t« dtHMiy, 
This wii.Hihi'riL*>!al Abinjoinii. .Kthidwuld 
probably reccivoJ iheprant about 0.>4 ((.'Ann. 
fie A//iiiffifijji, i. \'2ki; KeMni.t;, Cvde^- Dipt. 
|t. HI). He found the jilac<' in a wiv-rchr-<l 
Btalv, Ihy buildine* werv mean, and only 
forty 'manaip' (hidcj*! ■ r ■■■ '1 Mi ' ■ f. 
tho rest of (lie hind, < ] 

bidtr«,haviiii< fallen in! ,, ... -,.,-- --,.,11. 

Hi! broutfliL wrtain ' uUtK*' fwm (3lB*ton- 
bury — the tvrm shows that even liiero llut 



coDununiEy (lid not coiuist oxeltuin 
rt^ular^^wlio wt-re willing to auhmiVI 
dist^iplme, and soon nthend nxiod him 
band of nionlut. Th* King givv htni all ll 
Und he had in Ahin^dnn, and much tnon-'j 
and raised excell>?nt building* for b 
the ^ifta of the kinfr** mother wnrej 
tarevr. Kadred took a worm iatereEt 
building of the new monastery, ftud a 1 
iwi<l lo Ahinpdon to pivr (lir(-nioiM> at 
was ih^* oeeasioii ofa rvmarkalda mil 
chanced lliat Wstdes hiA ordinary atli! 
a large body of NiKlhumbrian tlMyii* 1 
panied him. The abbot a^ked biin to 
and tbtt kiojr aaseutod gbdly, order 
tli« doon iihonid bo thut m that no ona i 
shirk his drink. So he and his train 
ilflvdrinkinK- Nevi*rlht'l'-iifi tin- alilxjt'a^ 
of mi'ftd fail«K) nol, nor wafiltW more tl 
one hand's bn^adtb, so that when Htfnir 
came ihr Northnmlirianft wpnt back '«c drur 
as hops' (.ICui-Kic, Vila *'. --feVAWion/rf*] 
Dimnp the buildin]? a htav-y post fell 
.i^tlitilwold. Im-aking 8«vcml of bi« ribn 
cuuningbiintAI'alliiituapit lurdby. Hailwfl 
wsKalsi) a iitttrml bonefactor to the m'w hum 
.'Ivlllplwold'ft own Kifti lo hiA rhtinrb wh( 
snlonilid. ChiMf sroonfT them wt-n- » ^-oli 
chalice of irnnnfftso weight, tbrvo croMWt 
gold nnd silver that were destmyivl 
Stephen 'li wars, and an orjian. lie also ■ 
nclifd it wilb the work of hU own hnnda, fa 
like Uimsian he wm a fuunintf ct 
He made two K'lls which wcr»' hun|a 
withiliOA.- that DuD'tanmaduforth'.'i!!! 
and a machitie called th* ' i^dden wl 
ovcrhiid with pold, and fnll 'if liltic bi-l 
which h"- liBfl lwir]«l round on fi-.»tivul» 
excite ihedevolionof lh«' worshipju^Tni ("'Af 
rff Abin^flon, i. tt(5l. With tht- vunMUl 
, tbi- liri-lhri-n bi<*enl ()-<rar, onenf lh<i clelJl 
I who hadaecompanii^d him from Olasionlnir 
l'i!i-nm till- ■frjct TJi'ni-dirlinenile bI Flwir 
On (f.S(.'ar'fin>t>irn,prohahly early in Kat;_ 
I reipn, he caiii>ed ibia rule to be olisfrveil 
Abin^nn, and this wastheflrrt intmductit 
of it into I'Jti^Iand; for ifil bud twcn knor 
I andpraclis<-datGla9ioubnry under lltuwt 
.'Klhi.'iwold WLinId have hiul no nwd 
j any one to Fleiirr t<i Inam it forhimfi^ 
] de Al/'ngiJon, \. l^'; iiiiuHKlvm, Iluitn 
Ijjtaif, p. 100). i\<- pare miimti- diu'etiiM 
as to the fond and drink of bis monk?, 
hisarrnnp.'mi'ntK werenvilh*'rmc»n nor] 
fiLie; hf \ftt hi« i"iir:<i* on any of his it 
ceMor«who should alterthem, aiidevideat 
cau!i<;il hi^ riili's lo be writt'^n down (j 
rfc Abi»g4i->n, i. 'M7, ii, :U:J). I« »**. T 
ndvicniif Dunslan, the»<«of \Vinch« 
conferred cm .•Kih«ilwold. IWfore h* 
Abiugdou he made a prayer for the fult 



Ethehwl 



39 



Ethehvold 



. H«fitT of ihobouM, w1)i«b buboen prvearved 

,'Ktt«I w.ild Wft* conswrnWd bUhop of Win- 

Ictintur hy |iiin»ljin (iii$uiitl)iy,8i. Andrew's 

(•v<\ oTid at ntuv* ciitcrt-d r>n tlintask 

. of ■■ 'ii- nwwly imjionKl monacbi#m. 

H> ' iirclicD tbsl hii<I 

fnll )ui>h wim.anil 

p*tp-''-|; I ^^ M.H-.' in I rji: l 'luj'.'iaw. and to fill 

ihem with mi}nUs •nbj^'Ct ro the atrict Bcne- 

dicrim- rulv. In onJk-r lo d'j ilu» il wu 

neMv^iiTV to (-xi-cl ibc wx-ular clt^]^ who 

f>ci!ti)ii>.-d Lbu luoiioiitic L-^liblitbinviitK. or 10 

fnn-i' tlti'in to Itvi- «■ mitlikii ^tliU ninttnr in 

mtitv fullj^ treatwl uiuW Oi'sbtas). Both 

I>ii(iBt«n, ht»cil(l [-iini)Mriiiin niiil fi'lliiw<[iunil 

(DOt.i>- i.- ^i>rii.'t:iii.'j ^iid, hU iuMnirlnr, (or 

tb' I ' rn« j'oUenHy Relate for -■Etbel- 

•wtn lie. Wft* w-rtoinlv ibi' rlrb_-r of 

tbe iwuf, oii'i in Isler ri*ari< bin •bU>l, nnd 

pOn rald. 6_vuipi>tbi*edwilb tbis morcmciit of 

~abb« waM tbtf jrtii'liiijf spirit, but nvitltcr 

'iuro itnitttfod bU nuuU: of cArrjing it 

FoaU Diiii^lan took iiu vi-n ]<romiui'Dt port 

in il.nnilOon'nld wm» diwrnitt ttnd ti.'tDi>fmt*). 

.-Kihclvrold artM vritli some haruineas. 

' >t>vMib»-lf««, Hip movi-mont wM tliv saving 

'iirrb FpiriinnltT, moTnlly, and iDt«P 

tuid wliile wliBtcver tb^re whs of 

.; mii^' p-fl on /Kf bf-lwiild, tbe f;o(>d 

I r<«a1ta tbiLl it bml ^hollld alra t>i> reoic-mber^d 

I to bi* credit, Ht- founl tbt- elm|>t»r uf bi» 

I CKibi^biklcbiircb.tbt' OblMiiiMtT, coinpow-d 

I rif sn iilnr c!«ka, wlio»e livfi werv certainly 

Inn to'tu-r ibin thuMXif tbi-ir tiy n>-iglibouK; 

pthfV w'l-rx rich and prmid, liviui^in luKury 

pji'iffbilioiiy, Botno of tbi'm with wiv<>fl, and 

(ilbvn, will) bad divnr)>>d t)io iTircKthcy bad 

im], with M.hcr wnnwn. Tbn 

Ffhe nmas was »*-i;Iectcd (.'EU"- 

IC, Fita ft .■F.lbrlir'iiiii). Hf nt onc<« ap- 

jili«Jiii till* kinjrfiirliflp. *t'ndiagmfanwliilfl 

tj> A' 1 ^'fmoiikstocome andtalce tbe 

p\tu rk!>. ^\'b'iii )ii« monks Atrircd 

■' ■ ' >■ ' r.i give ii|> 

■. warmly 
- "IK >ii ' I-. Ti >'< >iiiAtnii, onu 
■I-. to cufiircp liin dccrcM. 
.J i ...x'i bi'fotv ibvcbuptcr nilb 
blaa at bm itiilt-, ninlin tin- kitif^n nnRi«t 
l..irl,. ili.-iu cilbi'f irivL' jilaco to bia 
I niuuiiiiiK' llii< inoniiilir habit. ' 
u-.-nti'd tn Vnf omi- monks j the I 
[fnrcfld to Iciive. In ibesameTenr, j 
itiirn-.! ll-FTlr-rkaoiitof the New 
linWPT. cmi ' ' in Surrey, naA out 

M-lFTiti i: Il In («cli coae liD 

kiiirf'it atiiboriiy, and Bulgir 
'■■ wbuni b» r»raniiii0ndwl «* 
:if tliii now ninnnj^tic roni^t^ai ions 
to taki) llit:< ^loce of Ibn «-v[K-llcd 



clerks. Hr dnes not a])pFU', Uke Oswald at 
Worewlor, to bavo exerciaed «nT)>atieiiceor 
to havo UBManyf^^nTlem/ianflot pnrftiinsion; 
big €mly remedy was force. An attempt waa 
madf lo )>oiiton bim as be ut at dinner in bis 
lialJ at WincLetier, but be escaped, bif faith, 
il vrhs bebovi-d. tritimpbinc' ovur ibe jwisoo. 
AlKtlvrfroinJoLnXlIItuKiuI^nir, if^nuine, 
as it prubably iM, |>ni*i-i> tliat tlin poiM Hanc> 
lionet! the policy of vKthelwold. He now 
obtaiiu»d thu kjug*t) Icavu to >«i about a 
eenenl restomliAn of tb» minMen that had 
Dwn ruined by tbo I>Bnes, and pxtended bia 
work til tniddlft Kti^btml. Having obtained 
Ely from ibo king bi' expnlb-d the cU-rka, 
foundr^l » community of monk«. and ord#>r»d 
that ih^ tbiiivb Mionld bn n-hiiill and nion- 
a«tic buildinj^ erected (Kkuule, Oit/f.i Dipt. 
WIS), The Ixuly of Si. .Kthcldryth (Etiiki^ 
Duzox) viOM tnLnilatt^d into hi* utiir church, 
wbit'b was diMlicaled by Dunstan '2 F^b. 074. 
Uolb hvand tbu kiug loudv an t-xtraurdinary 
number of jfrawta to the abbey (Hint. JCh- 
ran>, ii, c. 1-52). MMHwbilo u« set about 
the r«Htorntion of MinliMhaniiiLfde, or ]Vt«rw 
bomuith, ■whirb had been bo utterly destroywl 
by tb*^ Dani-» 'that h" fmind notliinf; ibere 
saveotdwalln and wild woods* {A.-S. f'Arwi. 
aa. 963), Ut- rebuilt ch« vbuirb and set 
inonkx ibrre-. In 97'2hi' in said to havocome 
to t he king brin^n^ an old charter which bo 
d(.-<!lan-d wan found in the ntins, frering the 
bouse from royal and fnisiMpnl juriJtdictton, 
and from all seculajr buroeiui.atid on this Ead- 
tnr erantod u charter to tfao samo ufl'ect ( A.) 
Ill the midst of his work it iit said that he 
thoufrbt of retirinj^ to a bermita^, and oaat 
his iryed on Thomt'yinCamhrid|iwitiire. Then} 
hf> puinttrrl a honw of twelVA manka, over 
whom he seemA himself to have presided as 
nbbot, and tbilber he (ranBliiti-d thprelinnif 
many i>ainl«, and amnn^r them the body of 
Bmedict Btscop fa. v. ] ( Ofsfn I'b'iti^rum, iv. 
326-Oi lltfr, .*'Lnitc, "WrLnTis). Ha 
also restorvtl or r^fouiidt-d the ancient nun- 
ncryat Winchester. Besides founding: tJiMe 
inonoatic commumtiM. bv wad, tm the chief 
adviser of iho kintt on these matters, con- 
cerned in all that hadcitrdid t" proiiiutv th« 
ni.n-iidof ihi- Ticw moiiadiixm. He constantly 
Visited di^erent monasteries, cxbortinff the 
obndient and nuntsliini; lh« nfglig*'-nt with 
Btrip^iH, * lerrible as a lion ' lo tlie rBbellioua, 
and 'gentler than a dove 'to the mvek(.JiLl^ 
sic). Althouffh little is knon'n of hiscon> 
duct during th*! struggle between the seculars 
and rcgularatbat ensued on I he death of Ead- 
gur, be cvnainly apiinntil uf tb" anu>-d re- 
«iatanre oirereil by nome of tlie di-fnudera of 
the monasteries to iho attacks of tbeirenemioa 
1 Vita S. Ofxcaldt, p. 446). II« siijipurted tb« 



Ethelwold 



Ethehvull 



iHiliry nf MunHtanin ruaiiitaiiiiiig tl» right ot 
Eodwaisl till' Mftityrlotlu' crown, and UHi8l«<l 
Kt tbv coronntina {IlUt. Jiatw*. u. 7S). His 
work brmwht hitn much ill-will, Dut towards 
tlieeadofhislifc'tliUfwtlinesulMtdc^. Aft«r 
tbt ocecwiMi of Harlwnrdlittlo ia Koordcd 
sbotit biio. Hincan^fgr tb« well-beinffif the 
monluandntiTutdit) ttoloeaM,nnd rftUBAd liini 
to b« called tbe 'Fatherof tbe Monk8'(X.-^. 
C/imn. an. 9ti'l). Althoiich hi* «*«« n vvvrre 
disci pi iiuriAO, lie wiu a kind tvnohor, EIo 
hftd maur pupiU who IotmI him, and several 
of tbcm became abbots and bishops : amonj; 
tliou were .Klliulgiir [q. v.], whom bv msde 
abbrttof New5[init4T,»fterwardiiarchbiBliop 
of CantiTbury. and Kadulf, abbtjl uf I'oit-r- 
iMnnigb, nod arirrwanln itrrliljisliop «if Viirk. 
He tsusbt his pu]^iilH {.'mmmiLr mid pooiry, 
and took p!('iu>iin< in lnkni>1ntiii|{ l^linlxKik* 
for them. Tnihcpoor hftwaanlwajs tandfir- 
heATted,Bndonco wlien lliere wmb grievous 
famine, not cmly ^vi- an-ay all tlint hi^ hnd, 
but ordered that lUe v^waeis of hi^ church 
should bo broken up mid tunittd into money 
fur ihinr i^-licf. Iliii kindiu«« t(.< uU ibat 
Wf-re in distress is comaiemoRilt^ by tlm 
'Clironiclo' wtiUt, whoBpoalmflf him aa the 
' hrni'vnlitnt binhop' (ih.) 'flin miw catht— 
dral chim-h that, he built at TVinchest.^r waa 
GtlisbedintttKI, imddt^'dicntcdby UtiiiKlan, in 
tlio piVMnce of Kitij^ .EthMivfl and many 
buhopa and itQblea, oa 20 Oct , WTiile it wa« 
sTtll in biiildiniT ^if had in 1>71 trenxintol the 
relics of Si. iswilhuu \o a. new shrine within 
ita walU. 

^tbelwold's henUh was wetik, luid he suf- 
fend much in his kiwela aud from tumourti 
In Uitr kff^. IltD diath, which is Miid tu hu\t' 
b.'en foretold U> him by Uiinsraii, took plac* 
at lipddington in Surrey on I Aiig. 084. He 
was buriud at WinclK-vivr, and aUuiii. Iwl-U v 
years latter his body waa trsualaled lo a ntrw 
ebrinc bv his kucccswjt, Bishop .Klfbrab 
fq. T.] In thi' twi'lflh (-■■ntury tin' inotiliK of 
Awinpdon professed Lhatihev had some of his 
Imiikw ( Cinnt. dti Aiiingttrm, \i. \'n). A tr>.'«- 
tisfi (in the cirpXti aaid lo have h^en written 
by blin and addr«tsiie<I It GerbeTT, afterwards 
Pope SilvfwterlT. isin the Bndlcinn Library 
<l6e4. Bodl. MS. IH^hy 83. f. l'I). In 
obedience to a command of Endear he tr&nft- 
lkt«d tbi*'Kv);ulariifcom--jnJia' iiitoI'>D(fliab. 
F« the perfiinnance of this task he rceoired 
an cslsle from the kin^, which ho pfato lo the 
monai'tKry of Elv (IIi»/. KUrmit, ii. c. 37). 
A manuvript oi this translation is in llw 
British y\ n*,'iim \ MS. Cofftm Faiintiita, 10) ; 
it was il^^h! hy Abbot jKlfrir '<\. v.lin mak- 
ing hiscompilaiion forthymtmluof Eu^iham. 
A fill! dc*cripti<^n of tho miUfnifio-nt "Hj^nf- 
dictiooal of St. ^Ethelwold,' which was 



written for lh» itiahop, will he found i| 
*AKha!tiI(^,'xxiv. 1 aq. 

[TImre nro two »«rly LtTw of .St, .ffiihelwol"! 
ijae writloD hy his pupil. th« Abbot M\1r\e. ii 
Chmn. de Al-inedon, ii. ?d5 *q.: the utht^r bj 
Wulftlan, prvvnotor uf Win cheater, tomymA 1 
fuv yean later (Ot»ta Poiiliff! p. 4tK). in Acts* 
.S.S. TUlaiMl. i. 83 W) . un.l AiMo SS. .Mobilloa 
««. v.SOS; AnKlo-^'>i<»i^'li<'<">-'t»"- 963, 964; 
Chron. de Ahin^lon, piwuim (Rolls Srr): Viii 
S. Onnra'di, Hi.toriAii»af York.i. 437, 448 (RolU 
^T ) : Uciiiorinls of I>iii»iKn MJrlnnl, (>*b'tr 
Raliquiie). pp.lll. ll.;..tni (nnlU .S^r,); HistArii 
liHmrHicu<iiB, p. 7S (Roll* Scr.); Willinln o1 
M«lni'«l>ury, OMta I'lrntifkun). jip. Itf-V 101, 
327 (Rolls Sar.) ,- Hisuria Klieiuiis, pp. 91-161, 
Angliik Christiana; Uuftilnle'a ]|oiiaiiti<n]n, i. 
190,428, ii. S44, 693, aoil elMvhvre; llnUj 
w>n> Historical Easayi. p. IIH; Bale's Scri pit 
Brit. CAL(«d. 1A48). f. 68; Tana^r'A Itibl. Brit 
p. L'fl9 ; Wrighfa Biog. Lit. 455 «i.J W. II. 

ETHELWnLF, ATHKLWtJLF, 

AI>ELWLF, or ATHULF (rf, M>»). \i\ag] 
of ih.i Wii-i-Sftions and Kcnti»hnipn. tlu 
son of EcH^berht, i» »aid to have bei'ii s<<ut b 
bis fiitlu-r to he liroiiiihl up at Winchealt 
bv Swilhiiu. alWrward^ hiidwi> of tlial mm] 
( I'lobence. i.0*<>. to have rt-reivij #ubdf ac.m'^ 
orders thvni ( T'itii 6'. ■Sje-ithuni), and vvvi 
aceordiou' lo oii<* If^i'iid, to huvf b)^<ii bishi, 
of \Viuche6l*T fllKSisT or IIi-KiiSDi>ox, 
787^: it if pnibnliti' that liv was i.>)ucnti, 
at Winchester, but this ia all that ran 
Guid. AI>L'r the batlle of nilandiinc in ■ 
Ui-i fnthi-r sent him wilh MaltiittAn, bia 
Sherborne, and the ealdormac Wul 
In ^nin him the kiu^lom of Kent. Th': 
Saxons chased Baldred fa, T.J airroMi ll 
Thani''*; Kent.Hiimy.niitrSiissPX aiibmittc 
to Kcpbcrht, and probably in M!H he con 
niitt4.-d the«e coiimcies to .i'lth>;lwiilf, wl 
certainty had ft share in the kiii^'ahip tu ilia 
war (KsHOLB, CW«j- I>ift. p. l^i.'^). in t^S 
he joined with bia fothcrin Ihn cmpiirt il 
kio^rs madu with Archbinbop CViduoib 
Kindlon, and in tlii'coin|iacl with iliri-liiiri 
of Winchester, if that ever l<xik pbiii', nr 
either the same or the ne\t year cmifirmf 
th(^ Canterbury a^'^mi^nt nt a witrnag^-nni 
at Wilton, over which lie pre*ided alonq 
thoutrh there ii^ i>omc tvamd tn donht wb( 
EcyV'Tht wQi then dead(£iW''r. Ihntu 
iii.(il7~~0; forsomeof thos4:event«w4l 
fully undi-t Kobkbt), lie t.ucci-«dtii to"tl 
hiTi^rahipof Weaoexon the death of bin fall 
in ^til, a diit'.' arrived ut by adding I bi* lenf^bT 
of ICi'gtMThl's ri'igii lo thf diil« i)f hi* m."- 
c«wion,M)i. while inaehnrt"- " ■ 

wiiirdivhirvs that year to ' 
hi.* farlwA doath (KRuni.t:, t i,.?, . u.j, 
'2iO, i. ^1 ; tbe chronology oi the Chronift 



Ethelwulf 



4» 



Ethelwulf 



. inciim-ct at (bi» [ix^riotl). Ho wis tnuried 

^ti (htburti, (iau^litHr nfOaliu', I lie n>)-«l cup- 

"leareT, a desc^iidHnt r>f ihe anripot prineulv 

iou of tlw .IiitM 'if Wiglit, «nil ff"^'" '■'" 

son, -Kttii'Iilnn.charjtiiftf Ihe Ki^ntUb 

tm witli tlit> title ofkiug, pullintf liim 

u<-t vitm o( Lis ffttli<^r'i) life {ib. p. 2-11 ; 
l,-.y. t*r><n. sub nn. S3(J). At tbe linn' of 
hi« Kccruion tliii English vrrctniicblTnubb-d 
iImhil n ^t1•u•Il tbst a priux dccUred be 
nd w?on ojiKTruinsr tbc oc^Wt of Sundav. 
l^tb«Jn-ulf Ifxjk t bo mutter to li?urt&8 luucb 
u) bi* piMpIc, tli^ionnirifil to luAke a pU- 
jT'tiis,-- II. Uomv, aad eeiit ftn caib^esy to 
or 1rf:n-i>t, ftnking tliftt he inifflit 
.gh his rlomiiiinna {Annaies Str- 
■ub kn. 839). Ilii! jcnintcv, linw- 
Clru put nir. Acfonlinj; in ^Villiam of 
KsbitTT .Ktb^lwulf wa» tlolbful, lored 
iSDil wiw! only iflirrod to wtivr i-xcrtion 
tbi^ iiillutM)ci> of bifr uiinislers fSwitbun 
t<H Kalbiton.Sivitbiin giving him advice on 
I <i KH]b»tAiioii6i'Culiiriiiittt<?rK, 
ii(( tb« tivasunr, tbeotbitr lhi( 
iy( '.'f; //r'/MOT. ii. BPc. IW). Whik'tbiH 
iptioii I* iiii (loiitit iBonifwbnl eitbiunf] 
"iholpgi-miuf tbekinjr'aailmission toclcri- 
r>nli'f>, lliiT»* is (in>l»iibly sonir truth in 
.l-itbelwiilf !*H-ini only occnsimiftlly to 
bavc Inkcn h pet^nnal pari in rveiMingtho 
invit»Hin» of ibi- I)uitL-« ; \w. wiw nuiAcJ now 
au'j tKiiM to gn-at ua<] successful efiorla.oud 
^^tlipn rvlumwrio bia UBiialquiot lire,iiud left 
^Bbr vnrfa of invf tiiur lli« cou«iniitly ropvadyl 
^Hlucli-'^ tn ill.' !> ii.f.>ni «f local forc^n. lU 
^^|Bf' iijs,an(l bia r«>U^ionwiia 

^^^IfiK' '1 lliAii tbitt. iif bi.> iM-iiplt) 

' generBUy. uiid b^ wjis Uvisli in hiB pifta to 
the clturch. TbtTO « roafiun lo bclievf ibat 
pMlion of bl* Hul^vi'fii i;i^^ (IiKxatii'Iir-il 
iib lib riilo; be lacked lli«! pontT or thn 
mxYtHHiiry ti» prejwne lh*i unity of bia 
~ 1, niid Iif (Ificl tn<<d to wncc wt n^^iut 
lion, (For a wbolly diflefvnt view of 
Iwiilf's rhanrter wx- Conqufjt vf Ettg- 
7^. Mr. tireen in miMnkt^n in itltrJ* 
'8wiiliun'4 inHuciu!^ to ibc fiict timt 
liop oftlw rayal cilyof W mdii«- 
; TMt become Wbop nnt il ^t2, and 
VR irt ilm Mtt TTu ibvn'fun; rather 
of hilt miniateriftl importuifv 

llir Ilni vi-iir iif thw rvign the Danes 

at .^tiitlininplon, and woiw ib-fa-at'-d 

iwldornmii Wnlfbotrd, one of lies- 

i't m-v» frM*!t-l 'ittii-i'ii, who uvidi'iitly 

i:irbiidliin\ 

. 'if invader* 

ilcJ Ui-; I'-tj;^; miu al rrrtlaiiJ, and 

tlwir (.aldnriuiin. Uuriiifj tbt; Ufxt ytwr 



Limlsey, I'Iojit Anglio, and Kent suOVrvd sn- 

vi-rely. Then siK-ctasful raida wr-m niadit on 

l^cdun, Canterbiin*, and Itncheater. Mnui- 

while .'Klbchvulf a[i|H'xrt> [wrMrinaUv to bare 

n^maiucd innrtive umilfiKThapa in WSii .-I.-& 

i'hrmi. nx\. KlO), he met the crews of tliiny- 

five flhip« at Charmoutfa and was dcfttal^ 

IJurint; tbe next nine years all that ia known 

of .Kthftlivnlf MMinis tn bo that he made 

Bundrv ^ranta, and the hiMoiy of tbo rpign 

i>< a blaak save for the iioti4»! of a brilliant 

victory gsinod ov«r the inTad(>rsat themoutli 

' of the Parrel by tlw fyrd.-* of .Sotnersi-l and 

' r>ors>_-t, untie r the command c-fttv<'t>aldoruii-n 

' of the two shiri'D and of Uiabup Eallutan. 

\ In 851 tbi? invader* were di'^fwiteii in 1.b» 

\ wetrt by tbo ealdoruinti of DevoDsbire. Mora 

I serioua invaBion-t wrre, linwt>vvr, rnadi* the 

eumu year on the eo^t cooiit. When iho 

I nanixb llitrf cHiiii- offSandwirb, King ,Kthel- 

fitaa and thi^ cihlomian of K>.-nt put out to 

Mia and gained a naval victory, taking l«n 

Srisei) and pnttin]^ tlie roM of the Ahips to 
ight. NyverlheWi tlio Doiifis for tliL- ISivt 
time wint«_Ttd in Tbanet. Meanwhile a fl«et. 
of thrtH- (or two, AtWEBl hundred and tifty 
»hips, toininj; itrobubly fniiii lb« viking m\.- 
llirinvntx thai ha<l Intely bet>n formi^d on the 
iiJaiida iH-twi-i-n tim niiiutlu of tho ScbeUH 
and the MeiiM, saikd into thp mouth of tho 
Tbanm^; lb<? crvwa landed, took Canterbury 
and London by Atorm, put tb>.' Mercian king 
Iteorbtwulf to fii^bt, and cronaed the ThauM 
into Siirri-y. lUiii*4-il by tbo dur^r that 
threatened blm, .10tb«lwulf and bis wcoud 
son, .iCibi-lbiild, ^jathertHl a iBrfre forcf, uiet 
the invudurx nt Oi^kb-y. and aflcr u stubborn 
%ht completely routed lliem, itlayinga Innfer 
number of ibciu than had ever befotv fnlbm 
in EnuUud t.-l.-S. C'Arvn. : AeeER), vEthel- 
fitnn, tbekinjj'.H nldiiit fww, proljably iliiil in 
the fullowiug year, and bii^ third son, .Klhel- 
bi-rliL, wajt niiidi- king in hia place (Kl^xatJl, 
Codfx Dipl. ]i. 'XSi), the kinriilnp of ^^■i:vlSex 
hi'inKdi^lini'ilfiir/l^lhelbab]. ITie invuoioiis 
of the Nurthmt'n ■■ncoiirapt-d the Welsh to 
rise ai^inxt their conqueo^rs, and iu S53 
Bnrlm-d [o. v.] of Mi-rcia. tbo sul^ces.sor of 
Ilcobrtwult, sent to his Wwt-Saxou on-rlonl 
tocomeand help him affain«r them. .1-^hnl- 
wulf ncconlitmly inandii-d into Wah'S and 
broujihi the Wel«b to .sitbmU&ion. (hi his 
roluni from ibie t'.\pedilion he gave his 
daiiKbler .Ktbt-Uwith (lA. p. 27w) in marringa 
tn Hiirbred nt (.'hippenham. TbU mnrriiii;o 
was a step towania th« e.tlinetion of tno 
pxUt.'nw of Mi'rcia (w a A^parate kingdom. 
KeKlx'rbt had conquered Mi;rcis, depot><^ its 
kini.'. itnd n-.itorcd him tu, an uuder-kiiiv to 
bimMir, and now .Ktbelwulf jroriTned it 
by hia aou-iu-law oa kiii^. A further iit«p 



'"■^•- ->"- 



EtheKvul 



42 



Elhehvti! 



in the ssitie direction wm taken bv yKlfred 
wh<-n lie married his daiighi^-r .ftthelflied 
[see Ktui:ij'L£Da] to the ^It^rcian ealdor- 
man. Id this ^rear kIso In- sont his vituagttt 
and best lored son Alfred, or .)ClfW>d [q. v.], 
to lt<Hn» to Leo IV, Ali.houf(b the victory 
of Ockli-ycbocked iho innuiionBof ttiopirntM, 
they Nl ilj hfld Thnuet , and a v»gnroii« ntlmnpL 
tbftt was made by tlia forros of Kent and 
Surrey Lo difllodgu tlivm vudt'd in fuilure. 
8till till! crtunlry wjt», (mlJio whnl«, at peac«, 
and .Ktbflwulf delfnninod tn nuke • pil- 
gninn|{i> tu liumr. IVfore hu sul <>nl he niBdn 
■ gtant, or a apriix of ^mnt^, which luwd to 
be considered tJie orijjJn of tithes in EnaUnd. 
The ■whole »uhj«!t \m» been critipally ex- 
UTnin^d by Kemlile {Saront in Jilifftand, u. 
481 -OO). and Iladdan and Blsbop Stublu 
fiiT/<v.iA«-«»K'n/*,iii.03O-48). Itwilitlier<«- : 
toiv bo enonjth tn any here that tbi^i donation ' 
' had not bins to do vrilh t'llliv' {Ontft. Hut. 
i. '22S), thiit tlie pavment nf titiii> waa OTdered 
l)y hiw in 787f ana that tJip eflbct of .-Btbul- 
truir'a cbaiion, hk far an nnrthing can b<i ' 
made ont df ibotn nnd nut nf t)ie noticrn nf j 
liistoriaos, was to free a tenih port of the folc- ! 
Inntis, whctlii.ThL'ldbycoclp-iin*(ic»orInymm, ' 
ttom oU hnrdi-as naTf ih-* ibni-e called the ' 
trinoda necetfila*. ^rhii?h ft^ll on all Land, and 
to give a tenth iwrt ofhituwnlBDdlorurioug 
Cb^nx and rehgiouD hou.ie-i (Kkmbi.k). The 
(i^ntA be made, or iiL Ifiuit ]» anid tu liuvu I 
made, w»t« vi-ry Inrgir, ai:d, wliot«!ver ibvy ' 
eon^'eyed, -l-'ibeWull' seemR t*> have adopted 
tbr- mi-A>nrv of thi< li-nth im OTII.1 thill ufiTH^nn.^l ] 
suitable for henefactionB. His donation, of 
coiime, ' nffwted ^\V»*;x only '(If^uonx and 
RrcBna). Ilis prantR we n- mnd.* for lhi> t;nod 
of his own aoiil and ( he rduIh of hi? uncefltore 
(AfWEKl. He left Erifflnnd probsbly early in 
^'>, ani'l prori*J«l to tli« co«rT nf Charles 
the Bnlfl, king of the Weat-FroTilt*. The 
Franki:<h king tad. wjnnUy with .Klhelwulf, 
locouii-ndwiih .Suuudlimvian iiiviiJur*; hot 
the intcffonrse between the Knplish nnd 
tbo Franks wa* alnrady no frequent thut it 
a* filing tor> far ti> intagine tliat ji-^bel- 
ilf'a visit and subsequem marriag^e auggest 
iie formalion of 'a mmraon plan nf ojwni- 
linnn,' or show thnt hi* policy * was in advance 
of his ajje ' (Okkex). Obarlefl received him 
with much honour, and rondiict«d hito in 
kinf(Iy state tbroau:h his dominions {Ann. 
SerbH.) At Home be i« eaid to have beeu 
rectveu by Leo IV, who died 1" July. Hi« 
riait DO doubt Ktallrbelonntothi'ponlitieati' 
of llenedict IIT. He madv a lar^ number of 
efluriiiira of pure gold of grejil wrijrht and 
iBBfrnin(.'ence(vViiAaiA6iFa),rebuilt the V.n^- 
XiA\ ttchool or hox^ital for Knclish pilf^ms, 
and perhaps promiaad a ycarlf payment to 



the holy we, which is said to have been ibl 
origin of Pet^r'* [wnc^ ( fitslit Iltvjum^ 1. 1 o'J) 
After staying a yekr in Rome he returatrd M 
Fnnci'fAnd in July KACi betrothed broiM-lf l< 
Judith, th« dflughti-r of Charlw. The niitr<l 
riage took plaee on I Oct. at Verberie oa' 
ihti Ouo, thoiif;h,ae tlM; brid«> pareniA wife 
married on 14 Dec. S42 ( NlTHlED, ir. c. fl^ 
idle could not have U-'jn more thnn thirt-fmi 
and ther>! La reason to btdievu that .l^tbvl 
wulf'n Kii|;liib wife., Oiiburh, waa still livin| 
[aee under .ElfkedI. Hincm»r,airhbi8li0| 
of RliHim^, raitrrittd tlieni, and after the mar 
ruig>> idnivfi a crown upon the bride's hen 
and blessMl her as queen, thoiich it was cnii 
trmpy to Wo«t^AXOD custom thnt the king 
wife shnuld be crowned or be called 
(..-Inn. Ilertin. sub an. Bd6), a custom' 
Kin? yEllVtil told Asser waa to b« i 
to the freneral abhoirenc*- of the crintM 
EadbuHi, queen of Beorhtiic [q. v.] T 
fitnn UM.>d for the miirrtaae and coroiuitton< 
Judith is Btill extant (Capitulan'a (\ Calr 
BoraCKT, vii, 620). ,KthrlwiiIf then 
turned to Fngtand with hi^ bridi-, hut aciv>«l 
ing to Asser's atory found \\ >>*u.k in rvvoll 
T>iiringhisAbfiene«htsBon .Ktl><'lhnld,l{i^lio| 
Kalhaiau.aud Kanwulf, eoldomian of Soc 
set. eoiispiwd to keen him out of the lnnt![ 
luid hi'ld a meetin2_o[ their adherent* in tl 
foretilof Selwood. Themnrria^witliJinlit 
which waa probably coiifideptl ns likuly 
lead to a change m tbo !tuc^ceIwinn tu tl 
injury of ,'Ethelhald and fh'.' other 
f^OJtiin ielhi>Iinfri>, wn# the primurv c* 
the conspiracy, Ihoiifirh the kin^ ia 
linve given other causes of offence, ^ll 
wnlf wa,i joyfully ri?c>-ivt'd in Kent, and tl 
Kcntiphmeii urged him tn let them do balll 
with hi« son. lie slirHnk fotui such n wi 
and at a m'-etin? nt the witan ^ve up rt 
kingdom of the AVest-SnTnnn to .Ftlifhwilf 

nnd kept only the urn! t [-,■ 

forhiui»jir Inlhi»kiii^ , . 

Judith beside him on a nnul llironcwil 
exciting any augvr. Nvilhur the ' Chr 
nor -tlthidwrttnl roentinnti thi:* i*voIl 
rencB of Worcester copies it fR>m A**er, ani 
it must theTi-fon- uland on .\ft!ier's onthtiritl 
which wemfi i nd if pu table. .Kthelwulf til 
for two years, or perhap* two rtfirs and 
half, after he n-tnmfd from iNniiO' (ti 
years A.-A'. CArvn. sub an. W*6 : A 
and it is certain that iu tliij p'.-riotl > 
years iw^iiMi'l Irt 'he'Chniaiclo'aathei 
itonof :'h reign two years and' 

half mi io th4> timn during wblfl 

htH fntber wok nliva. Thii n-uiild not, hn 
ever, have any deciaive bearing on tha sit 
of tbe pnrtilion of the kingilom. tttt 
.,-Ethelwulf dwd lie ouule a will with 



Etherege 



43 



Etherege 



, liOBSMtl nf tLi^ witan, perb&ps at itio witvtin- 
bBeniot wliicli tn)v<? >Vre»x i«> biM «on. 'The 
»inc;iIom nf \\>*m-t wiu I/> go first to .Kthel- 
Itttltl. and Kfut. to lik avxi brotfawr -Klbt'l- 
[iwrhl, mid nu .EtliL-lbiil')'^ d'-wli Ke wi»rt to 
[iw- «umwh1c'I ill Wi;>a^:-x,iir>t l>y -Kthellwrht, 
(who wa» tti remuii in \ietit, but by the 
^o»n?rr fltfielml. Ttiu Uiig itlio dUpowii 
(vmDiig bis woA, his clati^hl«r, 
o, I'horgitflg evpTv t*ii bidw 
nil ilii. ;iL;|)j-ort of Ik pitor luan, uiil ordcr- 
[ing ibat i» iwirlv paynn'iil of three hundred 
Jbtuicuttc^BlioiiltlUtoiiuli'fiiiii-jiopt'. ]Jvdk-d 
(inl*r>H (vlffw. fierfin.},ftu 13 Jiui. ( KtouENrrj 
For (it<>oiirr]i[i|; lo the Ijimlieth MA.) 13 Juno, 
(iftftfr a n'ijjn if mybt'^n \carn Hiid » liiilf 
->■ ' '■ i I, wluch. Twlnuiinp trnin the 
wguUi s^'f* with [be t^arlier 
;l.i.' ftlalcut^'iii of the li-ngtii of 
r.Kihplbnld'A rviLTi would iiujily the tatCT 
\{hrrtf*. fkTU7itatif,tit.Gl:i). lie 'was buried 
U \Viii«)iraler. 

1. ..>.■. ...^ (^fna,; FlonDOOflfWrncMttr; 

-. BriL; Htnry of Hnniint-Jon, 

I If. : Willidiii ("if Miilm*nlniiy. 

t«C(W»» Kt-BUnilL- .1 H ■,Si>r.>; ((mt«Pbotili. 

^rrnn (TTrt'la ftfM; Ku. :■< CckIcx Dipl. (EukI. 

t' . lIixliUci ikbd KtutibbA UVmonb a&d 

' <-UTni>nL». vol. iii.; ^iiukIcb HinliuiiLrii, 

-, 8S. nunm 0«riu., V-'tht, 1883; 

;vS. llerom <ienn., P«rt2 : Oftpiwld 

, I:,.t:i.|.% rii. 621 ; Ani»1*»iiui, 

: jriwiri. I'ontit!'. iicruni !tnl. 

: ^ .1. r.ibU'e S(LX»ri0 in tln^LiUKl, 

h. 4bi pq. : (inaa ■ Ounquul of Kneliind.f 

W, 11. 

ETiTKREOEorETHRYGQ, GWJWtE. 

in Lnlin l!nkn("(y. ir.t-'*),cia»*icalwliolar, 
Kam -* Ttuimi', O^fordjiiiire, was admitted a 
■rholar (if ('<)r[)ufl Cbrii^ti Cullty<\ Oxford, 
]1 Nov. 16iU, being plni:«dimiier (lie tiiitii^u 
of John ^iD^ircvf. He was odtuitttxl B.A. 
i Feb. K>3H-V*; was fkctml i» iitoliatjfmw 
iovf of hi* (vil^'P' ftix days ol^erwarda ; 
' A. ID Julv 1W3; ond wa» nd- 
- of iD«dio)ni> And li»>niii\l to 
Jiu lilO ilioifT, tfryi^frrof tAf Univ. 
.^'nrrt, y. IIWV Actfordinfi to the books 
liriM Chi.rcli, O.vftird, bv wb« t^mk p«>- 
T(.f On-<'krry.mL'BM>in:h 1647 till 1 Oct. 
I [ and Afi'Twards. it) ihf Eunn? b'<uk*. Iiu> 
I again apprnrv I'mtn N'lVi'inlxT IiVi4 lilt 
., ■(■■•■ ■ >-, L'lV. Bril. p, I'ril). 
■iji.'d hy I»rd Wjl- 
' l.'Kiia Vnw. to bo 
I' tP^, IDC n first 




tiifluiil ItnL^ thai 
; \V»in«i«, IlUt 



iv> to puriiiie 
(ltd n»l laki; 



. , .., ,.— ^. :i/ Eiiffdth I'oftrif.nL 

iv. >1^^ Aj he hod bn-n n uiilouii 
in llary'i ntgn, ha ran dvprivcnj nf 



his pioTessarahtp soon nltei ElieitbciliV kcpq*- 
ktan. SuhsiKjuviitly hn ]irMcli«t!il inedicinv 
with cflIL■^id*•^llMfi surresa in Osfiml and tta 
vicitiily. lio lived with bis fmniiy i" ' an 
ancient ilKayed nnlnc« of literaturr' callwl 
Geor^'u-lmll,' nearly opposite the »inib <>nd 
of Cat Street in St. Uary't parivh, anil took 
in ilw w>njt iif cai bolic aciitlemen a« boimlen, 
AmiiD^ hi*piuiilb wurt WilIiuiuOifl'(ird,nfl*r« 
warde nri?hbi6liop of Rlioima. On m-ciiint of 
his firm udhi.>n.-iico to i hv old fonn of rcliKion 
hi! Nuffrre^l fretjuvnt imprisontiieni.^ both at 
Oxford nod London during thu tytiii^- of about 
thirty ywir». Thi* wtrimiHly lupainxl hi» 
heidth and fortune. He vae living, ' an an- 
cient nan,' in 1588, bnt tlii' <iiil« of hi.-i di:aUi 
iit unrecAnlrrd. Hin frit^nd John I^^lund ri-b3- 
brnled liia memory in venw {J^coniia , «l, 
IfiSO, p. Ill); ttud Wood »V!* 'lip wiw e»- 
ICCRiCO bv woet per&iJDB, mosily by ilMwe of 
bis opinion, a tiot<si mathematician, vroU 
ehiU'u iu Tueul and instrunKMilol tnujii;, au 
eminent Ili-bHtlan, (irerioii, and pocc, oud 
above all an excellf^iit physician.' 

HvwroU?: I, ' 'EynMUfuow rSiv iraa^fur mt 
T<i»- «Tf>OTi)yij("rToif rov 'V.vfUJCoii Jyfliiiiij (Vi^tt- 
wtTTiirov jiiffiA/Mf.' Itovnl MS. in Krit. 
Mil*. Hi C. X tr. 1-aS, ITje poem is in Gnek 
hexameters and peotiuneler*, wilh a dvclica- 
tion to Queen Klizuhrrtli in Gr«i<,'k, and a sum- 
mary in Latin of the oonteuis of (bo vork^ 
which wuA ptvsenled to her m^'«ty wheiv 
Kb)' visited Oxford in I.Vilt. 2. Slui^ical com- 
]Miisil ionK, in tiuiiu.«erip(. S. * Dive ran car- 
mina,' manuscript. 4. The I'salias of David 
tiirm'^inloBahiirt fonnof Hidimw verse and 
<i>^t to miLiic. ft. A I.atintmnfllntio'nof nuKtr 
if not all, of ihp works of Jn»titi Martyr. 
ft. ' fn lihriv) |ii»iU Avgint-Ia', hvjHiinii'^mata 
i]ua'<Iara,i»'u<>bMTUBtiiHieifimt;dicamt;niortiinr 
qii,'« hac letale in \'su sunt, per Ge>ir)iium 
rxlrychiim ni«dtnim pro iuuenum Mudija ad 
priiximmedi?ant,c<jll«:tn,' London, 1588,8to, 
dedicDte-d to Walter Mildmay. 7. * Martv* 
riuDi S. ]>«m«trii,' a tmiwlaiioii into Lntm 
pre.-wirved in mauiLHcript at ('aius Coltef[e| 
Cunhndgv (K. i). It is di'dlcatcd to Thoma* 
Kolx^tton, arrlul-'acon of Ijeifi^Aler. 

It in siiid that h« brought out (he FNlition 
of Sliepff ve'« * lIip]wU-tiw,' ptiblinhfii .it Ox- 
ford in \ttHt, but anotiii^rarcount.'itatestbat 
thta pilitinn wan prepared bv .loneph ilnmes 
(Wood, AtJteate Oxmt. cd. filiM, i. IX>). 

[[toiL*«'K Kng!«tar of tht Univ. of Oxford, 
pi 318 ; Cksls^ii CuUli>i:u<' of MSif. p. 252 : Ca- 
laltuwof I*niii«d Bnotu in Brit. Miu. iiadar 
• BiSict3» ; ' DodJ'a Oiurch Hinl. i. 551 ; l-'nx«*« 
Ada HTiii Mooainciit)! (Towawad), vii. 5-11, 779; 
Iw-'rt lli.-tt. of ThMn(^ Chnwh, p, 527 ; Pit". I>i» 
.^iil^Iuc .^ripluriliu*. ji. 7H4 ; Ritann'a llilJ. 
Pw-iicii, p. 240; WartoD* UiaC ot Euglivli Pootiy, 



Etherege 



44 



[tner^c 



iti. 2a<; Wood- Annab (Ontcb). ii. US, i&t: 
Wood's Atbone Oxpd. (Bi'm). i. M«. FoMi, i. 
107, US, l£2.] T.C 

STHEBEO^ Sib GEORGE (m»5?'- 
1001), drtmfttist, wu jprobablT' bom in ItVt-l 
or the becinaiag of 103fi,ir w« can niljupou 
« poem addreaaed tu liitii by llrydi-n eurly in 
]w6, In wliicb Iki is Haiti to Ito tiftv-oue (^ec 
OCM^C, ''ieamtrf/itA-i^ntvri/ WWi>». p. 2:14 1. 
Acconlin^ U> Uildoii lu- wtt<t liam ' nhout 
103^* and come of an Uxfor(I»lLiru ftjuily. 
II« M Miid t<) tuive inetrn for n iilir>rt lime at 
Cunbrid^i, to linvo Lnvelled abroad, as ie 
probable from bin knowli^dpi "f l-n-iicii, fttid 
to hnvc tft^rward^ Ijii-en Kl one of tlie Inns 
of Court, lie hud pre«iiiiiably «'>ni>- furliinp 
of hi« own. ni>i wrtlr" tbiy-o cj>nn-ditM, Tlie 
firal. cnlled ' The tVimical I{*vfnjip. or how 
in a Tub," was nctod ar tlio iKikcV Tlieiitrp 
in Luicoin's Imi I'Vldii in I'MI, wicb fucb 
•uceeM (hut l!n? company cltrftrt-d 1,000/. in 
B montb. It vcus publi>tlit«i in tbu ^suivveitr. 
Tli« M-rioiiB jtcentm an- in rhjinfl. Itryden 
had adoptwl the samo plnn in a fi^w Bwiit.* 
of his ' IJivnl Ladi('s.' iicl**il in ItMtt, and piib- 
li^bodin l(i()-l,wil.liiLdf-dir&rinn,in wliicb thia 
'uewway'ofwritin)|iiadeftJiid('iJ,iiridii»intrT>- 
ductiou on the Hn^v ftsrribiti to D'Avi^nant's 
opora. *T1m) Siowt of Kbodcs' (ucTi-d llWl). 
bitbftmget bus ln-'fi'L'd tr> pojtiilHri v n tMnsilory 
fitdluou, luid wax d><iiblli-^ intluencL-d by Lis 
knuwlHcl^rof the Krtncb at*.ire,of which tlwri^ 
are otbcr liBcca in ibc pliiy. I'be ' CVimicul 
ReiTinjfti' won foritHumbirlbfacquftiutiiiict; 
of Lora BuckburBl ( aflt-nv-ardH L'jnl Donyel), 
to wliom it wiui dvlicalvd, aud irf tbt^ NCJipt^ 
mcecouitiflra of thf" dny. In I lJ)5~ Klhprifro 
Dronglit out 'She would if ahe could,' which 
iJm succoL-dod. Jn 1 (!(.'• llorbi-jit«r, in bia 

* Seeaion of tho Pool:;,' complain-^ of tbo idle- 
oeM of a man wliu had u tnnrb ' fancy, 
acnWy judgmoni. and wit' iwt any writer of 
thu (lay. In 107(i Etherege rt^BpondiM] t«i 
this iwpenl by brinfjinjif out his liutt. pliVt 

* Tlw JUnof Modi', yr Sir l-'opling Fltnter' 
The aucc«u of I be play was incroaAod by the 
&ct that manv oflV- cbarack-rit wi-rv cukva 
aa portraita i fhtrinnnt bring Lord Itocliextf^r, 
ftna Sir Fopling one ' Bcuu llmvit,' ibra no- 
torious; while >lp<llfy wii> Hir (^barlf-a St-d- 
ky or tho author. ]>fan Ijockier told Spuuci.' 
that Sir Fopling was an exact [Kirtrait of 
Etlierep^' him»t-lf 

In 1076 I'*ib<-rc^ woa coocemed with Ro- 
cheater in a di»Krac«-ful bnwl at Kioom, 
wb«m o»() of thoir contpaniouB was killed in 
a uuBle with watchmen, and Elhercj!" wilh 
Roehetter had lo abt-cund for a tim« (i/nttofi 
Ckmv^wndfimt, Ir^Tit. i. IX'l). In (UfcO he 
waa injured by an accident nt Ui« limui»- 



oourt {ik. u. 2U'i). Ily this tiniM be wa^f 
l<ni^hl(Kl;and,arc))nlLngto th« scandal of iliaj 
tlnifi, lui had to buy ibti honour in urdi-r taj 
penuade n rich widow to marry bint. Ileifij 
Niid to have bad a child by iln. {Eliiabetb)] 
httrry 'q. r.], and to hdY« settled 6,00(M or] 
iS,WOl. upon bur, 

Eth'.Tt'i^w obtained Mm* diplomatic am- 
ploymi-nt. Ru was sent to the Hagiw t^l 
CharWsIL In 168{>bewBjsent toRati«baii< 
by James II. He spent eomo years th^ro 
gambling;, niportiu^ ((owip in hi* du^patcltM, 
petting into Bcmp^-B by prott^tinjc an nctreM j 
III Hpiti' nC lb<.< flociul pn-judios of tbo Ovr^f 
mann, keeping uiuiiiriHoii iu bii) houM% and' 
b«v^inc for eiHg« ncwi) from borne. Tbn>fl 
of nw fptti'nt (fn>ni ' Kamilinr lrf>ttt^r> nf tlia 
VmtI of Rnr.hi^iti^r ' and tht- ' M litre 1 la neouii 
Works of the Duke of Buckingham "> Br« 
eiven in full in tho ' Biop. Brit.' CopiM oU 
lit* dei>{Mtcben nru in a letter-l>ODk now iu lh«* 
British Museum, of which Mr. Gowe girpf a 
full account. .Hoet of lh4 d>^s]tatcljf4 arr 
pnlitJcnl, but othnra are (•utKcifnt t^o abnw 
that be conlinum! hin habits of squalid d»- 
bnutdiiTv, and iliiigiiiitHl the (iKnuauii by 
worse thinj^thanbmarbesnf rtiquett«. Tho 
bisl letter Its in March 16tt8. Ilis nooretaryj 
complrtiiiA that Ethereiie had ix-ver nnid him 
hit) projii^T salary, and uad don*' hU Iits l>u«U 
n(-»s by laciueys, not knowing t*n worda t. ' 
Oenaan. Finally he w'ltt olT \o Paris, nttt 
three years an-i » lialf at Italisbon, leav- 
in^r his bookif bi-hind him. Kthcrvce wo. 
no doubt minted by tbtr rerululion. In F« 
hruori,' lltOO-1 Lu'tlniU {lldation <ff Stat 
Ajfmr*, ii. 171) ri'imrt" that 'Sir Oiwrg 
?^then>gt*, Ibfl late Kin^ Jam>-fl'a ambssaadol 
to Vii>nnn, died latvlv at Paris.' Rpcordof 
ai)iiiiiii»t»lutn to (W I'ltati- of Dame .M« 
Ktberege, widow, is dattHl 1 I'Vb. 1692. H 
I«R no children. His bmthrr was an oflic 
under William TTI, wa/> badiv wounded 
]<andeti, died aXnmt 17 IK at Elaling,and wa 
buried in Kcnsin^on Cbnrch. 

lli.«i>layH wer<? colleciwi in 1704.1716,1 
1735. Steele apeakfl of tbeir indtyrncT 
the ' Spwlator,' Xo. 51. ^\V:v\v might [iav« 
found i-q(uil griMnncM in much abler cont 
porariea. KthntcffQ was clever iu cote" 
tlin faahionit of the day ; but the \ivi 
which won j»oiiulariiy for hi§ plays baflj 
wveporated, Ltherece also wnUi' somn • 
pOL'ma. Sir. A, W, Vc-nty eilitisJ a complet 
«olleetion of Ethorvtte'a works in ItJfri*. 

TBioK. Brit, articis by Oldys : bangbaine (by 
Oil'lon), lGft8, |>. 53 ; Jueob's Poetioni Registe 
(i;2H), t. 3A, ii. 2fi&i UtteHvwk io Add. M£ 
1IAI3 ; Go«M'a .S»*ua I rriitb- Century .Stadia 
1883. VV. 233-85; O«no9t'« Hist, of the SUg». 
i. 64, AA, IS«-!>0:Speiiu«'s AiiMd.i.63.] L.S. 




ETHERLDOB, .n >HX WKSLKY (IWU- 

ll>Hk>),Wi-:>l.yiin minim<?r,waiibnni ai Youug- 

roodji, B farmliouse four aules frcm Hw- 

Mul, Islaof Wifiiil, on 24 Feb. 1804. His 

wu a I&y iire«cber uncnis ib(> me- 

>, and hKil Immi urged by >Vc»U'5 to 

nvr titr reguUr minUtry, but nifused. Ilia 

lOliier vr»» Alley Gray, daughter of an old 

officer. A* B youth Etlicridgw waa 

^ iicfol md atudiotu. Hi.- wm priTotel; 

l0c«lt«l and betfan (o preach in l6SQ. To- 

wkAh tliu "nd of lt*l»7 t!ie praeldsnt of Ihe 

eii>nf*>riTu:nH-iit liiu) tnlluUlooMut tboKfiT. 

iJh. lieAUmimt, wfaaw healtli bad broken 

Inwn. At tbn BrUtol confifronce in Auji^M 

II Rtli«ridge TiTM reeeired into full cqq- 

b«in^ then «»cond mitiMtor in tbi.' 

iteo p-ircnir. During th«ty«arli« mar- 

lisa Middleton, by wbom h« hud one 

a dauf^bt'CT. who under bi^r fittti4'rV 

' t«aclunp bucuDtf ■ remarkable 1 liibiew kcIio- 

lor and tin)ruist~ lie took peculiar dclif^lit 

fat tbu Ettenxl Utcralurv and uinifuiurt-» ofcltt* 

t^t, and mmt of hU worlu rttlatea to tJiese 

tubiK'tH. DurinK wTerel yoarg of fei-ble 

]t)i lin livdi al CiU'n mid Pnriii, ami availed 

■hinvlf of ibeir librari'-s for carrying on his 

IiTQnrite siudies. Tlie uairerBityof Hyidrl- 

bniv in 1817 conferwd iii)on liim ih<* d*>^fr'r-« 

of Pli-D. as a recognition of bis exact scliolar- 

[akip and conlnbutiom* to k-aminff. Ktll<^- 

■iimwi cirxruil work on his rwjovery 

ind bthouriM] iiiircp.wfiillj in Bristol, 

1^-... , -lud London. From l^tS bu lived in 

(Cornwall, and dtadiarced uiniAt^-rial duties 

It Fetaancey Tntro, Falmouth, Si. Auiti^ll, 

■d CWniborni!. l'w» viiliiinnH of bio^rajtby 

I writtrti by him for the W'laleyan con- 

I ftsvnrc, ' Life of Pr. Adam Clortio ' in 1&58, 

i»nd 'Ufv of t)r. Tkoma* C^tkf' in ]84>0. 

I !Klbendf;o had on inliin«e love of work, and 

Nraa pntn-nt, mf»Wt, and c«ntlc', IT" dipd lit 

k*nmli'>rn<> on 24 May li^, ai^>d fi± HU 

prifici|[al works are: I. 'TJh? Apostolic Mi- 

•utjiiry and tbf> Question of il« K<^oration 

Cftiwidored," IHWl. 2. 'Hone Arsmaicte : 

(luilinc-s of the Shl^mitic Lnnmtofirc,' 1^43. 

ill. ' HinMrs, Ij'iirjrif*, anJ l.ii-niliiri' of the 

Myrian <"■: ' ' IHl«. 4. 'The Apoatoli- 

cal Act" ' s fnim Ibv rvvcuiio, or 

». ■ ■■'■, lft4!». .V '.Terowileni 

■■vt-v of tUcKt^liifiuuB and 

ohbt. .l.-w(i,' \r„, IftfiH. 

ilL'"!!!)' I : (tnkflrjfl and Jonathan 

iJfan I'm lVntnteiich,Jtc. ; frnmthe 

(rtuildr«; in :f voU., toI. i.lS^i, vol. ii. 18K&. 

(ftmiibV Mffonlrv, ft«- ISil : Mtanica of ilia 
Mi'thodiiil UoufMMM*. IflM.J W. B. L. 

KTKnJB, JAMES (lfll8M687). [Sw 



ETTY, WILLIAM (17H7-I&4P). painter, 
bfimat \ork on lU March li«7, was wvcntb 
cliild of Mat llipw Ktty and Esther (Calverley) 
hit< wife. HIsifiithiTwaitn hnki^randa miller, 
and it was at I lie ahop in Feaui^ale, famed 
for its fpHfi^ Thread, Ihut Willinnt was bom. 
Uia inutbvr had ' a face for a Mudonna,' uc- 
Corclin|7 to Sir Thomas Lawrence ; bia und^ 
William wua 'a beautiful dra.ii|^litKn)&n in 
pen and Ink.' EIt» eldwl brother (alfco uamt-d 
\Villiain, who died boforo our WiUiatn wait 
born) had u la^lv for design, but otUonriM) 
thcjre ia nothing specially to nccount fur iht* 
etroug tvndt!ncy towards art which hu phowpd 
whfiii n child. 'My firrt piin<?bi nti which I 
drew ' (ho tolls us in Iiis short autobioirraphy 
pllbli-■>h1^l in l.hi- ' Art. Jtmmiil' in 1849) 'were 
the boardnof my falhoriinluip-floor; rnvflnt 
crayon a farthinp's worth of whit* chal)(, but 
my iili<fl>iurf amountMl to ecstasy vhon my 
niolLer promtud mtt next morning, if I wen 
a fHOod Doy, I Ahould use aomn colours, mixpd 
with gum-wa(«r. I wu lo pk-a>^>d X (x/uld 
scarcely ulccp.' 

In 179H lie WHS apprcnticiKl to « tetter- 
pn<as printtT at Hull, and he iN>r%'pd hii full 
st'Tan ycanf. adding tlirL<u woelis' work aa a 
jiiurui'vinaii print<-r. Iliii iiru'Ip, in answer 
to hip rpjx'aled pwju^u, wri for him to Lon- 
d"n, and lin wn» iTw to follow the first and 
laiit aim of his life. Tlie whole of his little 
leisure during bis appr<.>nlice%hip was fepent 
in drawingnnd ri-odiii);. }l>>n!wars'thiiuf[lit 
iobeBpainU'r,'ben-roU>,'dn:ame(iDf nothing 
t-W,' A Rtroiif; MOM- of duly alono kept him 
lo bi4 diittiutcfiil «mplnyui>nl . He spealci 
ofharasMuff and s«r\'de duti<ii,'and adde, 
H yciir bcfoTV hijj duath, that he MiW somiv 
time's drvamt that ho was 'u captiTt;. and 
walte and find it luckily but a drrHm.' 

His unch; bcli>iip.-d to the Qrm of Dodlt^y^ 
Etty, k BodlcY, of Lombanl iStrcwl, nnJ was 
' bountiful naU benevolent' to biin, At hotnr- 
at bilk unrl^'M, anil fumivhifd with c-ush by Ilil^ 
brother Walter, he set. to work in earnest, 
drawinff rrtitii tlip antique at C.!Laiit.-llj'i> plafr- 
ter-co^l fbop in (Vk Uinc, Smithfjt'ld, antl 
soon achipv(Hl a ' CupiJ and I'syehe,' which, 
with tluiaidof Opic undthefcvoiirof Khm-II, 
procured biro eu1ranc« to lb'.- school of the 
Academy ot ' dear Somerset 1 Ioom:,' where he 
workvd with Colling and Itaydon. A hiia- 
dred guinons paid by hi* kind uncle gtive hua 
tbu privilc?ge of a room in Sir Tliomas Lov- 
rwnce'M houM in Orevk Street, Sobo. He n>- 
tatoed bis admiration for I^awrence, though 
ha Bwms lo Iiave had Utile iniitruction, ex- 
cept what could bojniued from copyine hi« 
ninxter's pictona. Cbarlm Leslie spfialts of 
his farlinT pietiirea as ' black and colourlew 
alUwpts/ and it wu not till 1811, after aix 



Etty 



a6 



Etty 



yfn' rp^ilar ctiuljc, iliut li^ eucciwled in 
getting an^ of liU pictures exhibited. In lUis 
year. Iiciww«r, liis ' Sapplio ' wo* new^pfed ot 
thi.- Brilixli Iiiiitilutiou.uid bis ' IVlenuchus 
reaeui^ Ihe I'nDoe^x Antiope from tha fury 
of thg Wild Bonr ' nl llie Hoyul Academy. 
Sonne ninu vran lal«r ho was looked upon bv 
lus compuiions 'u a worlhTploddingpenaa. 
wi(b no chance of ever fwconiing n good 

In ll»]6, with tlio Mp of Iii« brollicr, hn 
Srt out WItnly, but dill luit pHfiirtJii-rfbfcn 
F]oromw, forbewoB Inre-iiiclcboiiit^ftick.and 
in iU-heal(h,but tlw> short vi«it»wm»tohav© 
been of M>mc ndranla^' tn Wat nrt, for IiU 
pictur»sor It^ir and ISIS ntt7act«i som*- nt- 
tcntion, and in IMObp ii«hlcved n n-rti »ii«W5» 
bv 'Paiidorn' at the UHtiitli Inst ilnt ion nnd 
•The Coral Finders ' at the Itoyal Afadt-my. 
Tbisfluce(!«wufoUo>wei] uptht.-m-xt yi-srby 
a ' ('leopftlm,' which made a gn-at impiv&Eunu. 
' He avroku fuinuiu,' says Lisliu, but be did 
not rrliix hiK t-lfiirtn. In 1R2L' L^ naid his 
snroiid vtflit loluly. ]l(>went In Plorenoe, 
to Itome (wbi^re hu mot Canova, Kaallake, 
&ud Gibson), to othf'r ptarets, ))ii> half of bin 
tjiun durimc an abeenct! of t>ighieen months 
waa spent in Vt-nin.-. It wns a time of con- 
tinttous Btuily. ' Ht> p&Int^,' said tlio Venc- 
tiaiw, 'with the fury of a devil and the 
evr^otnf^ftKof an an^id.' U>j rL-liinii>d toLon- 
doti in Jariiinrv lfi-4, and the nigitt &fte> 
■wimU ' saw him nt his pnst oa tho Am- 
il>^-min b>aich.' ImletKl, Vifa w-aj one of Mich 
nerp^tuat wnrk that, pxcopt tba death of his 
father in 181^ and hi» occusional Htt'irkx of 
lovi*, wbicb were all on bia flidft only, th*-™ 
13 little to record in bis penonal life dunng 
these ynr«. 

Thonrii poor and in dobt till late in life, 
Lin brother Walter reliered him of all peca- 
tiiary an^itty. In 1831 be still owed thi« 
bnitltRr Hal/., and it was not till ISll that 
he wan able to tarn the balance in his favour. 
Hie mulaal affection and tru«t of thv two 
brottu^rswereperfect. Theartistnerer looked 
in vain fur the neooMary remittancu, and 
spent oYi-r^- fiirlhlnff lowarda the object far 
■K-hich it was lent — tne perfection of bte sIdU. 
Ktly left England an ariMinpltuhiHl rtudt'nt, 
ho rttiirn'^d iho perffcttd ina>iter. His pift- 
turc of l?yi. another version of ' Pandora,' 
waA purchu«ed by Sir Tiiomaa Lawrence, and 
in October ho wn« elected aa associate of tbe 
l^l\al Aoiidenjy. 

In l!*2t'i htf completed 'The Combnt ; 
Woman pleading for the \'ani)uiab«l,' his 
■first Terr larp> picture. It v*s 10 ft. 4 in. 
\>y 13 ft.' 3 in., and waa purcltaaed by John 
Martin, the painter, for 800/. In l»i27 he 
exhibited a still loixvr picture, bia timt of 



the ' Jttdich ' iwriM. all thwe of which w 
purchased bv the Scottish Academy, and 
now intho S^nlionalGall^ry of Scotland, and 
in Pebnuiry 182S ho was eloct«d to tho fuU 
honoura of the Academy. 

After hit retttm from Venice in 1 ftS4 Ri 
chaiij^d his lod^iiiirs frtijn Ifi Stan 
Lumbi<lh, lo 1-1 Hurlfin^ham Str' 
li«re bia molberrain*- with n 
on aviait to wl bin hoiiK g-" :t| 

tUo youn^girl stayed and k-ji m-i non 
hift death. N'mv, tboii);li hi« pivtiltun w: 
secure, his day^ were djient in painilnp, aii 
I till almost the end r>f his lif^, he «ttend< 
th«> life acbool of tbf> Academy likii a £'. 
ererv nii;ht. For many yenrs after he 
aoulcmtcian hir conid not command la 
for bia pictures. Uig price for a ful!-l 
portrait in l83Swai but 60/., and it wasou.^, 
by stnMiuous indujit rr. n^^id economy, and tw 
; painting of nunilierUtiu small pictunrA fi 
! dualcn and otliers, that he was able to pi, 
off his long arreara and lay br provinon foTj 
hiaoldage. Moreover, lie wonlcl not rai»e ' 
prioaa to ihoee dealers wbo be&iended hii 
when he waa poor, and a great pnrt of lij 
time waa spent in painting nine large he ' 
compoaitiona, dmigiwd with a hif^h m 
and |)«triotic aim. * In all my works' 
wrot«, *I have endeavotired to exen^iae 
moral induenouon the public mind.' 'In 
"BattJe''['Th« Combat"] I have striven t 
dnpict tht- bcautv of meny ; in "Judith 
patrioliam and Keff-nacriflco to one's i-nunt 
one'a people, and one'a Gad ; in •' Benai 
Uarid h I Jvti tenant," courage ; in *' Lnyufll 
and the ^irr!n.<t" resistance to pai^ion, or a 
Homeric paraphrase on the text "The wagca 
of ain !» tiiftalh ;" in "Joan of Arc" rvligiol^ 
loTBltT,andpatriolit)m.' For all ibeacwW 
except Ike ' .Tonn of Arc ' series, he ~ 
but flmall xum^ The Scottish .\cad6i 
him 600/. for the three ' Juditli*,* 200/* 
tban he received for 'The Combat.' jle 
ceived 476/. for a laigu pici ui» of * The Ch oi' 
of Paris,' painted for llie Karl of Ihirnley, hi 
Iho pavinents wuo gpread over aevemi Vea 
One offais largest and fmt«t piclur««,* l^v«^ 
and the Sii*>ii9' (now in the Ko^ral livitil 
tion, Manchiwt<Tt, and another of ' Deli' 
werB eald for 'J-Vil. the two. 

In 1830 he went lo Paris for the fi 
time, and wont on ' painting in tho Lou 
when grap^hot wwe pouring on Iho poi 
laec by t h- Pont Neuf and musketry raitb 
everywhere.' The death of hit^ motbcF I 
1821'; the return of his brotht^rCbarles &oi 
Java in 164S, after an absence of thirty-oni 
years; his flTorla againat 'th« de«tructiri 
demon of modem iraprovemi^nl.' which was 
laying hands on his beloved York Cathcdmi 



Etty 



47 



Eugenius 



[end ollipj- ramaind ofancii'Tit architivmre in 

I th(> city; u vUit or two to Itelgium and 

fVMnor; twoli>tti?r»lotli«' Morning Herald ' 

( l>*;*f{>on ili« protect ion of art by iLe statu; 

In ]' < -^i o» IliB ' Import ntioc of the 

Ari II." and miuihvr (It-lO) on Eng- 

! lialicn'. Lclr.iH; tlitM^ablisbmeut of* Yearly 

I'xbibitioii und u n-IiouI of iluai|^ at York ; 

an itnxiicowirul Hltt^iupl al friiwrb-paint ing 

ID tlic mitoiDcr-bous^m tht^^anleiisof Buck- 

iiigbam PoIbo.'; ii ut-^tiiig V'twuuD bJiusolf 

ninl bis four brolbiTS in 1R44; a vUil trt 

I-Minbun-'' "1 ■ ' ■ lie w-oa invited to a ban- 

i|ui-t by !i Acft'l'iin', iK'livurrd an 

»nni.- _ 1 jics urui, with bU brother 

.l.«) twonnoll priinfifororijiindl 

I" modt cTt rAftTiiinniy events of 

fciiTB lite hmn IHiH lo 184«. 

TV: niinbfT of picTiin>B of all site* wbich 
W |iro(Iuc«Hl in tbeae yean wiia ren* ^rent. 
Tb«y w«ro,lil(<> his pre^'imiB niclun>^ nearly 
all (Ki^-tlcaleutn)M«<tti'jiii>,d(.'sigTii<d (odi»pIsy 
llie hcttiity of the femiUo fimp. Al fiwl he 
had tli»u^'hl to paint ' Lond^vapt?.' 'Tha eliy 
-KILB ao bitautirul, find l)i«i<irpct»uf Light hiuI 
Ctaad. Afiftt^ords, when I fiiund that all 
xhv grvat ]Hiintcn<if ontiquilv bnd becomi.' 
' tliitli ffrt«t thriiti^i paintin;; (^tkm. Actinnn, 
< mad Av Huinan Form, 1 resolved to point 
7i'tthiiifF»lM;nnd,lindin^God*8mMrKlorioiis 
vnrU to b<< ^^'on]an, thav all human bc-auly 
had \iefin conceii trailed in her, I resolved lo 
d'xlicatctn7i";lflo|iftinliu);,— notthuDfAptn-'^ 
<ir SliUineTi work, — but tioid'b inttre glonotu 
irnrli, toorw finvly than over had bt'on done.' 
Kia hnllb hnd Inwii lun^ dt^lining wh«n, 
in r(cl(ilK>r IP-lti, forefloeinjr the end, he loft 
*}itthw pruducliun of vtoall picttircs, and dt*- 
T<rt<<d bunh'lf rntirftlT to rlio <^ompl<-rinr of 
hifl Usl huge triad, tne 'Joan of Arc.' lie 
■i))d tbi'oi owily for *2,500^, n larf^e price In 
«n«pu-imfl with wb«i be hnd nbtainpd for 
hi* ifitTlier and (bier \iiTg» picturem They 
wen* fc'iiarAl^IjrexhibirM in 1847, and tbouRn 
ilivy (ibowod ngus of failing powvr, and drew 
mom blunc than praito fmm the press, thoy 
W'l" :- '- -imirniiiin fmin liia brtjlhirr oi^ 
til' -• who ivmM ajiprt-ciate their 

out ••■ "...I 1. "-.'■- (_,f colour. 

1 1 bini lo brr-ak 

Iii- .,; ..r mufi, habit of 

atT. :l, and lie retired to 

V-'t. , ;i tho fdllowinff year 

on I't Nov. Lit woB buried with public 
hfiiMHtrs in ll«t diHrrbyard of St, Olnvc's, 
i)(^nr the ruin ofiil. Mory'ii Abb<'y, ut York, 
lu hii laal. years Ik- rrapt-tl Hit? fruit of biM 
lon« df-vociun to art. Hi^ piciun>!( fetcbod 
bigl) prvi-*". 'I' wn^-ifltilUnt wt^k.'ln' writea, 
in r ■ I liriflie's/KttvsellB 

fo: A fuw wwk< Iwforc 



his death he ntne up to town to «co tlic ex- 
hibition of his collected works al the Society 
>>f Arts, and enjoyed a triiimpti whit^b sel- 
dom bofallit itn artist. In bitt last eight years 
Le bad Aocuiuuiated a sum of IT^JOO]., and 
thocontcntdof hisHludioMld for 5,000/. Hh 
left hi* iii«c** hiM hount! at Yori nud 'JOOl. a 
y(>Ar, nod the Tfrst of hia pmpertv to his brother 
Walti^r, who ditMl ibnn^ inontlin Hf)>-rwaTxl«. 
If we have nonfof his uirodteat plclureit in 
our nutional odluctiotis in Lcndun, the ^&1- 
b'rieai nl Tmfiilgnr S-]ii3iro iind Ninth Ken- 
sington oontAin a numl>errif hie minor worha, 
wbich display to adviimii^jK his pni-gliiirqiiali- 
lies K8 a puintrr. hi.* rich and radiant cfilour, 
bia exquijtite fleih painting, and hi» grace of 
composition. One of thc-w., ' Youth on tho 
IV)vr uid i'leMura e.i the Helm,' ii one of 
Iho beet and moat chiuw^tori^tic of hia more 
fanciful works. 

(Art Union, [V«inbM- 1839; Art Joamal, 
Jnuuary 18*»; OiWirisiV Lifavf Etty; EcUe- 
tie n«riaw, nil. xxvi. ; R<«lfrmv*^«' C«ntury of 
Faiutern; RsIfiraTit'ii Diet, of Arliiitjt: Canning- 
kan'tt Briiiiih ^'uiaUni (JCeatDii); Pictunw Irr 
WillJAm Etty. R.A.; MaaterpiccM of Driiijih 
Alt.] C. M. 

EUOENS ((f. 618), Irish saint. [&to 
EoonAS.] 

EUGENlirS I-Vm, kinifs of Scotland 
afcordm^ to th« chron()loey ' wbi'reof For- 
doun laid the plan which Iloecv (Inish^d and 
Buchanan omament«d'(lN7fGS,f^V//fVa/£iiray, 
p. 699), hiivu now ltt.-en placvd in at lea^t a 
more cotuiittent aisti-m by referwuce to lia 
older nnthoritios and the more authentic 
though ttill litqfidy' vun)i.-ctural luHtui-v wliich 
Innes founded, Pinkcrton, notwitlistandin); 
some urrorB, bitlped to rectify, and Mr. Skene 
hax recan^triicli-d with f^at ingi'iuiily. The 
date of the cMxsin^oftbcDalriad Scots from 
Ireland to Scotland is now fixed, chiefly by 
tho criticism of Innea, at the tnid (^\x>c\\ of 
Feifcun Mor Mac Earo («. 60S>, and the list of 
forty kincs betwet^a s mpposititious Fcrgue 
Mac Fercnanl, ftIleK<!d to linvu roigiK-d aa tor 
backaslhreutentunM before Iho Incanmtion, 
fullat'j (he irniund, Kuocxira I, Buchanan's 
tbirly-niuth kin^i, among the rest. 

Et;QG5iD8 II, Ituchanaii'B furly-Srsl kin;, 
a luppose*! »on and Kucti.'ftaor of 1''<t^iij> Mac 
Karc, iH not mentioned in the earlier autho- 
rities according to wblch Ferjrus wae auo- 
cc-edcd by I'rmpard. 

KconKii'sJII,Buclianao'«rorty-))ixthkin^, 
said by him to have n^ignied &2iJ-i>8 a.D., Io 
Lave uvvn tbcHun uf C'unrallius K'unul) and 
th«auccMtM>ruf(i<ir;inuM((labbraii),i*>-'(lun1ly 
unknown to tb«se authorities. C'onal aiM 
Uabhrau appcoi to have beeo real kings, hut 



LUgenms 



48 



Lusden 



GabliraD wos succeeded b/ s CoDftl II, son 
of Cotml I. 

EvoBMlcs IV, llucbuun's flft^v-finit kinc, 
wbonignsd.iLccordingtotliiit writer, 0(l& '21, 
vik ■ BOH of Aidan, itii; kin^ * orduaed bv 
St. Coluntlin,' and can be id^ntitin) wito 
Eochoid Baidljo (Thf YcUow),tIie yaangett 
eon of Aidan, trho, luv-nrdiiiz In a pro]>kncj 
of Ofllatnbk sucercd&d biefitner ihroiigb the 
deaths oriua elder broUien and wns brought 
irp by Ibal Ksint (ASAUK.iX, L^fi^ 0/ St. 
Cv/imAff, ch. xxxri.) The true diite of his 
reign appears to bavi' h^tn (XHi-'Hi. It wm 
durinz it that Adamnmi was Imm and tluit 
0»u'iildnnd Osvrr. the eons nf the Northum- 
bmn Vmg ElJiulfritb, t<v>l( ^ofuf^^ >n loiut 
duriii(f tW »uj>reinnev of Kdwin of ])eim. 

KrQOK'S V, Iluclianan's fifly'siYth )(in^, 
thcaotiof lK>iigart,iunv {x:rhu|i« tiuidi*iili(ifd 
willi f>iclioid Uinnpnliail (With the Ixkng 
Nuse), who tvifiiii^ lhn.-u yittrs, and wu a 
COiif*im[ii)rnry of Flcfritli of Nort hum brio. 

KriiKSiUB VI, llucbanui'i) fifty-eerenth 
liinK, the snu of I'Vrchar Fada (Tnp Looff), 
callid Efiimn in one and Kwen in another 
Lorly Scottish clirooicle, reigned tltirteea 
yean, and was a conl«tiiporary of Aldfritb, 
thfl North umbrian kiukc, iii whoite rei^ 
Adainiinn and L'lilLbcrt ll»uriFhcd. 

EiruEMi*s VII, Buclmimn'ii tlAy-miilli 
king, ecoiniiiiK to thai writer the son of 
Kindan andhnilherof Anlb(■^lK■U;thu»(A^^l- 
<!huIlach), llif* fiflv-'"'Kh'h kiiif;, but nccord- 
lug 10 rwn old Scottish chrmiclps iho «ni 
of Murduciis (Munl'x'h). The tbifB of hi* 
n-iga ncfonliug to Hiichanan's computation 
VIM cm 97. 

EroKxirs ATII. nuclmnan'a sixty-fleciond 
kinp, was hy hi-< acci>unt tbo wu of Mor- 
(htcuy (Murdoch), llie lixtietb kin|r, aiul 
reiyned from 761-4. but accofdinj; to the 
oldvr ScjtiishehpjiiicW, Buchnnm h&a her« 
madftnn king<ioiitof one, and this monarch 
w&a thi! suini) u the [inwiHliii^. The jivriod 
lo which tlii-wi kings (^if there- were two) ia 
wtctffTiM by Burbanan, laUowiiiK Bowr, is a 
oritiioed tiarl of tbti hiMorv of Scotli«h Ual- 
riada. Ttio dttfeal und death of Donald 
Bnmk (The Speckled), son of KtH-hnid Buiilhe, 
by Owiii or Ewcn, a king of the f'umbrian 
lirit'Jiu>, in (JIU, ie »mppo*ed by Mr. Skene to 
liiivr Hubjocii^ tho J'niriad 8oot4 to the 
Britflne. A finHtr'it. followed betwwn two 
bramhc" of Ihe Dalriiul*, Iho CintI (triU- 
or cUn) l^m and thuCinul Unbliran, which 
furtbur weakiMir>l th<- Ualriad powtT and 
frposvxl it ronn attack from the preat Picli«]i 
kiii|[ Aii^f Mac ForfT"* (731-01). Thid led 
to the Kubjoction of the Dalriud S«jtB to 
the I'iom, until Kennelh Mai-al|iine {r. 1*44) 
unit«d the Pict* and the Scotd and founded 




thf! monarchy of i^ne. Il may )k duubti 
if it i<i powiblc to recorer the tru# hunor 
but thii brilliant atlvmut of Mr. Sk>.>no(;0// 

Jicittlaud, X. 27:J— '^09)dtl•e^v^'*^^nl<■tdr■^ati'>B 

Ono auun>ti of diffictiltT aristt' I'mm tb^ nui- 
aUo Rtwllin^ of thw Cvlltc namr-t, of wliicb 
the BunjflCt of the present anicle strordt a ~ 
ilIii»tmlion. Tlie ainirs all styled Eugeuii 
hy Buchanan and rh^ later ljitinrhr<^nicU 
»re in I he vemacutar callm] R^choid, Eocht'd 
HeoghprI, f^of^hed, Echach, ficha, Kochq 
Eog&n, Ewrti, and Rwan (_wp lirt in Ii 
Appviidix, p. 7ttfi). Some of thnse an 
^nellin^ofan n|^ and a people among 1 
lliera was no »(Ktl«d praclict*. Thv ( 
form appears to have been Eo^n or H<-ot(aiiJ 
and thu Bnlu^h, Owvn. In modern timi.i> tl 
liaa been cnnvt-rl'Hl into ilu^'h and Ktan, hii| 
it ia pocaible that more names are ouncaaJf! ~ 
under Uipm varirti™. Eii){<eniti» wasthe n 
suit of taking Lhe neareot Latin Mmirn 
lenl, as was done with 80 many crther Oaelic 
nami<«. 

(Thfl origiani sonnMa will )<« found in ll 
I Mppeailicm to InoWa Crittral Btmiy and tl 
Chroniclva dC th« Picla aad Scots; vlulo 
vorksofPordoun. WjnttHin, BoM».aadl 
inuat b* moftultod for this nidiaml timnriva " 
those of Innea, Pinksiton, and abore all 8kanc'* 
Coltic Sfotlaod, for tbs Tiam (^ th« nc 
critiMl Khool.] JE. IL 

EUSDEN, LAUTIENCE (1688-I7S 
povl Inunwt*', whom family i« md to Iwi 
occupied a jr"od poaition in Ireland, was 1 
of the Bev, Laurence Eued^n, rector of .Suof 
forth, York.thire, and was hnpcinasil thwfi 
6 Sept. ItteS. He went to St. I'eM" 
School, York, and was admitted as penaion4 
al Trinitr CoIIcpa, CBmbrid);>p, 'ii Marc' 
1706^ Ite gT»duat«d B.A. in 17UH, MJ 
in 17t«. fin '2 April ITOO lie boiraue 
scholar of hi» colles:«, was edinitlm] u 
minor fellow on '2 Oct. 1711, and Adrane 
to a full fellowship ou 3 July 171^'. Ue> 
came third nublector on 2 Uct. I71:f, nudj 
^-Lvr later wits admitted u woood sublurtc 
lliii tintpnidiirtton iniirintwaaa tntnidatin 
into Latin of Lord Halifiuc'a poem on 
battle of the Boyne, to wliich ne drew 
l«ntion bv a ponm f-o the nohle nulhor \i 
Steele's 'Voetical Miscellanies ' (1714), an 
those ctfusionsprocun^d him Hnlifot'.* patroid 
Bt^'. Kiiwd'^n evU'briileil lhi> luarriiik'" of t) 
Uuke of Newcastle (u Ladr llenriettik GikIoI 
phin ( 1717) in a poem of unbluNhin^ llnttiT 
whicli th<! iliiki- nMiaid with tbv p^^nt uf jm 
laun'are (24 Pec. 1718), then vacant, by tli 
dealb of ICowe, and in hi> ^ift n* lord olisn 
berlain. The appointrnpnt provoked conoid* 
able ridicule. Tliomaa Cooke il703-17ft* 
[(]. v.], in his ' Battle of tbo I'octa ' (IgSftj 



^, of Eu*()«ii iM 'bv fortunf rau'il, by 
ffnw hivn Ti'od. bv ti-ver pmis'd ;' and 
li> ' ' "f lIuitliingbaiRtin bi«'Siw]iiiin 

y? dial. AiMiUn'fl iruubli^ wore 



h'J Eoatltiii and crjr'A, Who Hhitll luivo it 
!lBt I ih« frw) UwcaU, to vhum tli« kiai{ ffiva 

rtT 

Apollo bconc'd panlaa luid Knatod bi* daioi, 
BvE nnradlint till tHu> be naVr heAnl irf his 

BctVMtil722«iii) 17:i5EufiJnu tonic nnlen 

Id th(> Enifli'^b cimrrb, und was aiit»<)iuii.-<I 

diaplatn l» Iticbnfil, Innl Witl'iiif^hliv de 

Brok?. ThmuEh ili« f«vnur of ilr. CoteE- 

worib h* wn* Wlitutod to tho it^Kirv of 

iby In Lincolnsbin*. uid ditnl Oier« 

^^, cut, 1790, Or»v,in aleltcr to Mawn 

[M^l 10 l)w, 1757 < tKrhi,v<i. ISSl. li. 31'.>, 

ij^ ihfti • Kiiftdcn wa* a p«>r«»ii "f rtwiI 

upM> in hiA yniith, tKoiiffli at last bv turned 

lit B itniiikrii |ini>'>n,' n ju'lgtni'iit wliicli ia 

ipj bv tie lilK-ft of I'ojw. Ill tbe ' I'lin- 

iKwk I. 293, W0 art! fild tliat * Htuuluii 

ifjt no iii'iri< fir nark or [irnifc* ; ' lliir A2't 

f liTHik ii. of the Hatnc poem nripinally ran. 

lliiw Ijiurutlnr iiioi'ir't) brcidu b siiilci'iind 

"oAilrn i^ £trii'rally mnsidhTiMl ihi? 'pAraon 

uch boTiiii«'d in Wvr ' of [h« e)H*tli; to Ar- 

'buthtinl, vprwT Ki. Jlr- U-fl Ix-Iiind hini in 

iiKript tmicUtiuii »r part of Twso's 

drlcA«ii(J klifo of lUu poet. lUs Ubnr)' U 

A lobavi'bi'cn bold in 1703. 

^uthf^y'M i>in>tiii>> ( l^Ur KnylUh PtttU, i. 

') U a jiiM rriticiam 'if l-*iu«Jrii't poatnsi 

iilniiu of fiiUnni" (!nMpr>- in mcdiorjw 

!IT,* bill bis jKhl ica\ tntifilat ions ore soniL^ 

rt eul(^>rd for nostcuiiig 'aome com- 

nd of lanffua)^- nntl ainootlineM of veraiR- 

tioa.' Ilift works wtw : 1 . * The Roval 

'tmtly ; a l^n^'lrr In Aililikon on tht^ Kin);'s 

nvMiion,* 1711. i. 'Oriirinal I'o<>mH aiid 

Trniulalinns by Mr. Hill, Mr. EiiMlen, &&/ 

1711. 3. 'Traii'btiims fmin Claudiftu nnd 

:'> ''.IIS,' poem to Lor<l linlifiu on reading 

""'•VIP in ibp •<-... 1. 1 If" on Milton, 

'■If's ' i'o' I Uiiitvi," 171-1. 

; - :.f ill.- 1 1 _. C'ommencc- 

ncntnlt 1 '.714. tw'"t'dnioiis;inoi\- 

juiimati-.! ■,. tfCiiiulfUAComiaLMtiori.-t, 

It II • ;r,:( i'-nt!y indw!oni. fi. * Poraia 

l\.r \ iitI ■' lldH-rirnmon, nnkp of Biick- 

B|;huni, und Uirluird Diiki',' 1717. Uos- 

miuon's ■'May •ni lnn»lal<'<l verve in this 

ilitjon iitpritiiwl wiib n Ijttin rrrsion by 

utji'n. n. ' PfK-ni on Mnrriaffe of llie Hiike 

N'vwmatlo t'l I.«dy Ilinri'-tia (iiidalpbin,' 

.717. 7. •roKDj ion>'r Itiivnl Highnuw on 

' ■" IViwr," 17lB. H. '(Wefor 

17^j til); Brst of a Bcrici! uf 



I ouch pnxluctiona ealirtaod by Pop« lu tli» 
I lines 

I'ik* jouriuil*. oI«a, and such forgotWB lfaiii|ta> 
As BukIbji, Pbilipd, SHXXa writ afkingB. 

U. Tbree poana oddrcBsed to Lord-cUao- 
MIorMitCCiosSeld niid bia ton. \jOtA Piirk'^r, 
172-', 10. 'Tli.f Oriffin of iho Kniahu 
of tlif Uatb,' 172(». 11, Threi* pocma to 
llip kin)( and uoeen, 17^. dtifli^ ini>n- 
(iona Kiifdcn inS'o. MS of the 'Spectator' 
aa Ainong bia a*si«taDta in thut journal, and 
Im> 10 nauallv i*rvdited witb u ciirioufi li.'tt«r 
in till' n«in\)<T for 7 June 1711 on 'Idola,* 
with some 'amuflini^illufitratioDa of cuelomt/ 
Hf< ia SBppoB^.'d to ha%'>' oonlribiiled lo its 
RDccwBori 'Tho Oiianlian,' a letter in No. 
124, which \t- entitled ' .Mor<f UoHriiiff* of tlin 
Lion,' nnd In- mvi.* wrtainly thf mithoroftha 
iHMtical IraiiHlalioDS from Claudiaii in "Sit*. 
viT and Idl. Inl bo translation of nviil'i 
* MvtaiiKtr)jlto»«M,' which apponred in 1717 
imdcrtbeiuimeof Dr. Oarth and nthrR>, and 
wasrvisauud in Whill iiigton's • Urit i*h I'ci a' 
\<\\». xvi'w. and xcv., ho rwndpred i»3rlioii» of 
bonks iv. and x. EuiKli'n was uno uf tlH> for* 
tiinnti* f'.'w who wrrn jmnnitlt'd to iirvfix 
rommendatoiy Vfi>*» lo Addison's ' Cato.* 
PojK.' snL-><rH at hitn acain in tW * Diincind,' 
lyxtk i. line 101, aa AKing out * BWlimDro's 
eadlme line,'aDd be was thu 'L.K.'of Pop<t 
and SwiH'a triinliM of ttio bAthoA. Tli« boiC 
spucttttona of Ku8tl<!ira muae will be found 
in NichoUa collection of poema, iv. IStMW, 
220-41*. 

[Austin nnd Ralph's Poeta lAunat«. SX0-*9 ; 
Ilnmiltoo't t'Oeta Lniiroat*. ItO-d; Cbalnctra'a 
Wuriota. xvi. \x.i Cibbar'a I^ivta, ir. 103-7; 
Jaeob'a Poata. ii. £1-3: Nirhola'a lUoMratioos 
of Iiit. ii. 617, and liit. AnrnlotM, li'r. AS7; 
Horn and (jiii-riL-f. jth mt. xi. '19. \bl-Z. xu. 
336 : 'IVin. Coll. Rbi.rda.] W. P. 0. 

ETTSTACE (d. li'M). l'"li"P of Ely.eccle- 
■taatic nnd «talesmnn,' vir mtillip m'it'ntiw ft 
discretionia ' \Annal. tt'inton. li, t>t), 'vir 
litcralura tarn huniana qunm divina iii>ii(nue * 
(Matt. r.ilil.s,ii. 5ii!d),waaof unknown orii^n. 
lie Hwurwi tlw coufiiii-ucu of llMiry I and of 
Ttii^hard I. TTt.> bi^amc vicc-chanocilor atid 
keeper of the royal ».<al,anduItiiUBtvlycbaii- 
o-Unr(t;KRV*a.'C*5T.i.r>44; Anrial. ii'iittoti. 
uj.) Hv. wtu also dean of Salifbury. At 
Ibnl iH'Hod all ihe chiaf postx in th*- churcli 
of York and ito julfra^n Mes wen, asa ruli!, 
vmploy«dlo provide for royaloffici«l». Diirinf 
lbe«ii»pen»ionofO<'oirrpy,nrc.hhii»hopofYork 
Tn. v.j,b^ lh« pope, in 1 195, Kicbard appointed 
Luttnc«inl 1tfOtr«aiiurerofVork,oatlie(lc*th 
of Ilouchanl d« Puiaot, and in the BUitQ year 
^ave him the ^normouaand lurralivu areh- 
doaconiy of lUchmond. In llt>7 Hichard 



"— ^•' 



Eustace 



5° 



Eustace 



aiipoint«d EiutnAo bishuji ot Kly. odvnnoing 
Kim uL the unw limi! lo tbr cUutiei-llonbiu 
(jliuKiiL Maiyam. V- )2U). IIo wsAviucU-u 
bifihop 10 Au^. 1 liiT nl Vmidn-uil. His cua- 
HwralJcm by An-hljmUop Hubert took plaC"- 
in St^ fatlierine's riia|>tr1, AVcstminsttT Ab- 
bey, 8 SUrch 1 nifi f Matt. Pari*, ii. -141*, 621 ; 
IlnvRRBS, ir. 12, i4 ; Dil'kto, ii. 15fl). A 
few weeks prt'viciiilvIiL'rvpn'Sfiitedt be iing 
nt the eliTlicm of l!>" rtujii-rHr iil folngnv, 
22 Feb. 1106. >Vht-n conwcrat^d, P^uatace 
WOK commiMioned by llichnrd, in ompany 
■willi tlic Biflliopd of I>nHiftm and \\*inclie«t«tr, 
t'juropowtenoi of reconciliation with Arch- 
hi&nop Geoffrey of YorW (HorcDEx, ir. GG). 
OiiL- of iticliaril'c lut acta wu to MntI bim 
»5 hi* i-)ianrt>11or to reataiutrat« vritli Philip 
AutfUfiluBof Fnnoooo alk'ued infriiin-iavnis 
of tlu' fivp jif*T»' p»-.acie (tft. p. ftU). liu wa* 
pTvwt'nt at the corona tioimf J nbn oni" May 
1199 (ib. p. 90), M wi'li u nl. biit l.binl con>- 
iMlion t(><;;relhRr with hU qupitn iHobelU at. 
Cwrterbury, liHJl (Annal. lSuif.,n. i. 206). 
Till' noxt Tear lie was one nf the juflgoA-dcW- 
tmtt; iipjjomtvJ by Linoctiiit IH to uiccJiiilQ 
in !iiB coiitrotersy bctwwn Archbishop Hu- 
liert and ibe muuke of Ctinturburv rusixiuiing' 
tliM roncj^iAlo (-biin.-!i cotumenoea by Hubert 
BlI.amhorh(FToM:uiis,iv. 12fl; AtmaL IFiii- 
/o». ii.77). On 22 Nov. ofthnt y«ir(1200) 
T^utlacr! wilnpfiaed the hnniafre iwndtTi^ by 
WilUftm of Scot In nd lo Joba for liii> English 
fiefs At Lincoln (IIovKtiKS. iv. Ill), lliit 
liigh Rputatiou for l>>urniijf( and wisdom is 
fthown by his fri^qucnt einplovTO'-nt in im- 
portant eccleaiostic&l causee. In 1201, when 
Arcbbiithop Gcofl'n^y r^fuMd to roc<»niu 
Huooiiuii 118 &rc]u]»ac(iu of Kichmosd, Iniio- 
eent d**lenl«d hitu to (•xamine tbu UQattiji* 
(t%. p. 177). Ho wttS fl S<i|)t.) one of the 
pApu «ota[Di»«ii>o U} tuquirf* into tho npurlud 
mtraclM of St. Wulsian of Wo««t«r {^AnwtL 
Wiffvm. ir. 391); in 1203 lie waa mado ar- 
litnitor in l!ifi di.tputi'! bef wi-«n Ihi^ mnnltvof 
Ereeham and their abbot (Ckron. ErtsAam, 
p. l!29), and in 1206|innnl (■(■ijimipuionpr, in 
oonjiinction with the Ki^hop of Koch&ttCT, to 
«xiiiiiini> tho clainu of thw rale of Evesbain 
for exemption from ppi-impnl jiiri.«diotion (tfi. 
pp. 191, 1512, 222), Wh.."u in 1203 J<>bu was 
Bunimonod by Philip n.i his overlord to ren- 
der an acntuiil ijf ttic di'nili of Lis n(.'pbuw 
AflJuir, tbo Itisbup of Kly was s<rnt wilh 
Aichbtaliop Hubert to <wttlc tliv t^-rniE of bin 
iafwoonduct to and fnttn ihti Fn^nch vourt 
^GBRT4a.CABT.f<M/. ./?«;. ii.flft; Mitt. Paris, 
il. fi5S). He wae one of the three prelates 
Miected in 120^ by Innofvnt to ftndcavoiirto 
pticiiyJobn,andindiiCQ him to accept Stephen 
us pninnt4>, and to thn-atf n bim on Iiih rcfuatil 
witlt on tulonlict of tiid whole kingdom and Iiin 



nwii •'tcommiinioacinn. John pmrint' cooli 
mocioua. Eui>tac« and Iuk brethreu on tl 
following Puaaiou Sund«y, 24 March 1208, 
proaouniwd llid iiitvniict, and iiumcdiutcly 
<>>« ape<l acroH* the CItaiinwI. The clironiclvrs 
of lh(! ilay ara vpry severe upon the bubops for 
thus ' lli-ning wlii-n t Lry wiw flio wolf coOTii^r/ . 
in.'^ti^a'lof lay ini;do\m their lirtviforiheSorkpl 
and ' living in lii.x i ) tbo sead wfam 

thnyxhuuld harr -i;. : r vilvc-f iis a wall 

tonrotert iho haiii»-':i r-Lu t^Wf:siK(tEB,iti^ 
'iiS; Matt, Parik, ii. 2o.'); Annnl. tfaivrt 
ii. 2flO), An int'iF.-ctmil an^-mpt town 
the end of the ye*r was made l»y Ktuiace, 
toE^lhcr with the IJiibopa of London and 
\\ onci«*t<'r, at the iiMit'iiiw of lb« arcbbtsbof 
to come to lirrm? with John. Thoycro«iedt 
Chaunel and vainly ^vaicvd vi^it wccka for i 
iut<?rview(.<jiMi7/. H'averl. ii. 2*11). Iliuljie 
took part with Dm esoiq bi^ops in otl 
■imilur fctli'inpli* (Im) folloiviiif; v<-ar. At Call 
lerbnry ther luel llifl bixhnpci who rmnainr 
faithfnl to John and other lending per 
and di^cujucd tho way of reconcitintic 
Tonns were agrevd upon, but John r«fu 
to ratify them. John tiavini,' shown imtai 
symptotut. of yi«tldiu^ in fuar of ibe ihnwtvni^ 
excoiuinunication, l->ui<taca and hia bn>tbn>ii' 
crofsad again to I>o^-er in October ivitb tho 
arctiliiHlKipbintM-lfundnraaafi^-condiiiTt. Jiiht 
came to nirtct, thorn M for as Cbilham Ca^tU 
and oJTvrvii iinpi>»(Mhli> terms, whwn (he bwhc 
n-tiirM''dtol''mni('l.>[irr'jnin'lni«,w*'th«loi 
dehiyMl ex l'oduu mi location (jA. ii. 26.3). 
wa»«cntljyth*'mQl tlic [(Opo'scomraand) 
bi»hopa rvmainin^ lu Knglund, with ini 
tiona that it ehoiild ha puhliAhed llmnii'hOtli 
Ibe realm. The bl'hopi, 'lik^: dumb oo^ii 
kbrank from publifhinsth^'cdict, wbitt^a Id 
appnht.'nition withheld Eu^tofo and his cod 
panions from undvuvuurin^; to compel thud 
(Matt. Paris, ii. ."i26; Wi:sr»oTER, ili. 22S) 
After the failure of Paudulf's mission hi iiati 
accompanied Ijan^'ton on a miMion t^i Rot 
to nrws forseviinT meji^uma. The pope for 
nmlly pronounce*! senten<!B of ilfniutitmn nl 
John, and e>^nt Pundidf with tti' '' ' lil 
bishojis to make Philip the offer of 
(Wexdovbr. iii. 22^.243; Matt. 1 
53-VG). This tuea*uri' brou^bi John to at 
ject nuhmi.'Vtion, and »n the landinf^ of EuiW 
and the biiihop^ in PanduIPs Imin at Ikr«r^ 
on 1.1 May 121:i, thi- Itinjf teui!i*r<^d bis doi * 
of resignation, in which hiipromi-k'd l^j ri'im^ 
burse Eustace and the other fxili^lprt'lalwifii 
thoir confiMaled estate* and other ptrrmiar 
lo69ea. The removal of the inh-nlii-f ivw4 
def(;rred till ih^rse promise* had b- 
fultillod ( WrspOTBB. iii. 2m). T' 
last donennd (In* pnvment act " 
interdict wait miAcd (^29 Juti^ i. 



Eustace 



51 



Eustace 



I 



h<>olhpmik*il prelates hmTingooeemort' 
il l!ic rim:i:ip| myt IIlu now llUQlMi^ 
"Idii. r And |>rnc<>c-ilrs1 with him 

K) ^*- ii^re, in the tlwtpter-bnaw; 

of lbt> cnlltt-dritl, lie K<Lyivis] (iliWiliiTir.ti on 
aOJuly 1:;I.'<0'A.: MattPahip, ii. TjoO; A»- 
no/. Ihintt.iii'dTV In till the tAn}tk-dcv*?nlit 
AaA in the Torioiu couitcilK of lliis etirriitg 
-poriodEiuUOBtook KkaditispaTt, OnlNov. 
i;;i4 hu ([Bve tbp pontific^ heiiediction to 
'Wdliun of Trumpiiifiiun on hit! ulcclion u 
•tilfot of Si. AlUns (MlTT. lUlUS, ii. 11.''^ i 
WsiTDovctt, UL JtK>i. In thu xatao year hu 
bM*nH> un«: of John's miivt.iHit tit his diiicon- 
t«iitf<l 1>itroni) tliKt he would ^niic thorn a 
cluirlf^, in coniiiDcticin witli the iirrhbiBho]) 
and Wjlluim Miir«h<it (WiixixtVEB.iii. 296). 
JIo iJfd tin a visit to tlit- nb!)Ky of KeadinK 
OD S F(.'b. I2I0, &nd iras buried in hiii catlio- 
dral church, to which he had tidded ft new 
' fiiil 11 !■••.' Whether ihia v&tt the western 
porch, which now fcocs by that aamc, or sumo 
oU»<r prirlidn nf tlir fabric, consiiilerHl iani) of 
ojchHictun] style render qaeetiotiabUi. 

[3(«uli*wi>r r«pis; JlovMeu : I>i«to> Mo- 
fMsae Anoiila ; Kog»rofWctdoTor(««>MfcT»>ncwi 
in tha aniclo) ; (todvin, De E'rvaulibni, i. 2at : 
Le y^v'* F«ti.] K. V. 

EUSTACE, JAMfS, third Viaror^T 
Bu-TtKuLU (rf. lut'^), was eldest koq and 
hiiir of ^ir Iloland Eiutucf, srcotid YiM'onul 
Ballini:!** in Wicklow. by Joun, daiifrhi*-r 
of Jam*^ Ilnller, hird I>unbo\ne. IColand> 
(athcr. Sir TUonuui Hiif-Ioci-, wiis nf ihc i^aiiiL' 
iriork with Itoliuid Kiitliur.', Iiiimn fif Port- 
Ii»t«r'i). v,}.imdpn«ie&!(>di'fllat«stn Kildnrc, 
Hickl"w, and Puijlin. im-Iuding tUtt t/iwn 
of Itttllymiir"' KiutAct' in ilur Idl trr (miintv. 
Heurj- VUI in RAI cn-attid Sir Thomas 
Kn>ta(^x batvin nf Kil(riilli>n in Kil<lnr<%nnd 
iti 1^1 t^rontotl him <bo til.hi nf ViHrount 
Raflinfria*, to^vtlier with tite aitt> and lands 
of tiie di.'VKilv.id CL*t^■rci«n nlibcT thr re. On 
tiv i«conil viacoiitit's decM#e hi* titUfi and 
HUint <)<iri<lvt-il on Jnmm Eustucu. who 
ni'>' ' ' and mhurM» of Sir 

JiV 'wn.co. Dublin, and 

wu -Mtli the Kurlof Kildor^ 

otn! Ttunt nf thv Anj:hi-lri«li 

(amiii'->. iiK iijini Viscount Daltiii^las did 
dA ci>nfi>rin In llic c^tabli^hiid rhun-h, nnd 
■■■t\ recfinl it a{i[i'-ar^ tluil. 'hftrlly 
' "^ion to the till*.- hv was tiucd 
riiArkj fur havinir heard n miiM. 
-feni lo havu Uvu pcj^rded by 
:iri6< as cndowt-d with i-inineui 
he u AlAtiKl lo ltnv<- )HM*n n 
Wilb !h" dhji'i-i. uf ri»- 
1 1 I r l.iriTi in Irclnnd. 
.'Ill' J" u:'ii><'- nnddisabilttti^ 




impodod on ita prnleseon there, Itallin^libt 
i-tili-rvd into a oonfednmcy with some of the 
natire Iriah in Ijeinnler and t'lMor, In- 
formation in rohition to thi« movement is 
aibXi^ To h&vi> Aral reached the ffovero- 
ment at Dublin tlirooffh the wife of one of 
t]]<M« engaged, in it, wlio furtively obtniniMl 
potKBion of a letter which ahc erronootuly 
snppo«ed at tint to have rvferesce to Mna 
intrifni" of her hiuband, of whom alM waa 
i<;utoue. Little ntuliiiilie luatiTial has nsyvt 
hcea pnhlished in illation to |{Qlrin(rIa* and 
Ilia projt-ct*. lo July l->4> be uddreeaed a 
communication to ThomiiM. earl of Ormonde, 
in wbidi he apprised him that ho liad Utkea 
up lh« swonT to ' mJilntnm the truth ' by 
command of the'LIght'ct power on earth.' 
He nroletfted ng&inHl t\in sevtintiefi and tn- 
juitic^^' inlliet^ iiT Eliwlx'th's ofiioinh on tfat^ 
people of Ireland, n.'j)udiateii th" ri-cvifnilion 
of a woman as h«ud of the church, and addhd 
tliai but for the d«ath of Bvcltot ihi.' earl's 
anc«§tors couM never have acquired Iho Or- 
monde pui'nLgr, ThiB letter was lnin«roitt«d 
byOruioiidc to the governuient, and ihecap- 
mro of Baltinslod was «mruaTtMl hv il to his 
ivtative, th« Karl of Kiidani. Italtia^lsfl 
AppfAted in open hostility to the crown in 
Jun« IGt*0, when h« joined the native Imh 
in Irf'inater who encountered and n-pulsed 
the forces k-d ngaiust Chein by the lord 
deputy, Arthur Grey. Baltin^laaand his fol- 
lowers continued in umfi for «e^>3ral months, 
but with resources too limited for tliK atlAin- 
ment of any important result*. Towards tbo 
closn of Ifidl Hulliiixloii, with one of Uifl 
brothers, nalwiltislandin^ the vifnlance of 
lhi.< (^ivommmital ii|^rtili>, vuiix'wded in reach- 
inj;S]iaiii, where thev hopt^d to obtain aid in 
arms and EUppUue. 'they wen? received wit-h 
favour hv Pliilip IT, who aM>i^'n>-d lihTsl al- 
lowances to them. The Tvliim nf RolTinfrla^ 
to Ireland with viippliesfram Spain WH looked 
forward to with liiijw by catholics in Ireland 
and with a|>prehen«ion by the new M>tllarB 
there. IIn does not appear, bowovcr. to hare 
compK*tvd the rttiutsite arraufiemeuis when 
he was carried on by death in Sp^iu in No- 
vtnnher lJi8>r. UallinfilAS watt uutlawi'd bjr 
Ihi-i^v^niment in Ireland, and htHpn«te«io&s 
were vt^sted in th« crown. Amon^ them wag 
nhriiijti' in Diililin of which a grant was mnde 
to the |i>iet Edmund Hpenaer, sfcrt^tary to rhe 
lord dt'puty, Arthur dr«y. The Earl of Hil- 
da n.- and the Baron of IMvin wcrv iinDrisoued 
for a ci>ii.-<idemble tim« on chargiw of having 
connived at the acta of Italtiut^lM and hi* 
n<lhi-reni«. Korty-live jwrKOnj^ are elated to 
have been exM^ulecl at Uulilin for ullep^ 
complicity with Baltimrlos. In IhsR an act 
wna pa»wKl iu thv )iarljaniunt at Dublin fbt 



!.ustace 



iustace 



the atrninder of Jnmes KuAtare, IhIx \i*~ 
count BHltinvliLi, with his brfithcrsiymund, 
Tltotois. Wftfter.nnd IticUsriJ FiiMiint. Siti-n- 
«i?r, in Ilia ' View of tlin S4at(< uf [n-Iand,' tuw 
loA »\imv oWirvatioQB on ih't dilficiiltiiv' en- 
CountMrcJIiythftftovemracnt inobtn.iiiiiii{[>»r- 
llamenUn- nssenf to llifi retmqvTtivecIsiiftes 
which wriTi* cnilKHlicct in ihiii statute. 

[State Pupen, Umrj VIU »nd Klimt^th 
^Ptthllft KmotiI Offlw, lyiniion); Ciiwir MSS. 
(LnnWlH]; CarW Pii.p«ri (Bodlmn litirerr); 
JMorue Cotliolion Ihornim Oompendium. tflSI ; 
DeproMnn murtynnli in Hi)>«<miii. IS19 ; Com- 
nxratory no wrvicv- of Lord Gn>j (CatndcD f^ 
«iot|F). 1847; llilitmia AaclicaiM. 1889; Cun- 
duni .Anuiiliv, rfKti.-inti> Elitnlwllia (I«TiIpn, 
10^91 : Suiiilm i^r In'lniKl, 1621 ; CbttrtofAnM 
of ^SL Mary's Ahlfv. DuMin (IUill»S-riM), 1881; 
Fa«siniilai of Nulionnl M8S. of IivUnd. iv. 1. 
1892.1 J.T.&. 

EU8TAOE,JOIIXCnETWOI)E(17B9P- 
1816), clanicsl anli(|U4r^', was born in Iro- 
iMid about 17fi2. nil mother htm d»oindt!d 
from iho nnci(-iil ClK'sLiirt- fainilT of Chet- 
wode. Il iaiiaiLl tlial m» i«r]y IL« 1^17 bewae 
«onl til S(-dir!py Park aclmrtl, STflfforcUliir^, 
wlmi* hft n'mRim-d llll 1774 (CathoUc Ma- 
gastju, If^'lA, iii. H^). TIo then pmocii'ded to 
tli« EnfrliKh Ben^dictini? cooTent nf St. 'ire- 

gity at T>niiaT. After n'wivins tlic habil tm 
(I without making kts prori^tution, tliou^li 
heftlw(iy«n-t«iiifda wsrm ntlflclimcnt totlie 
nrder. Afterwards he wi.'nt. lo MHynootli 
Coll«g», tBUght rhptnric llien* for notu't* tim>', 
fttulvitsordaiaed priest. lUshop Milncretatpe 
tliatEustAc»,iLA«r provoking ttinindijinnlinn 
of the prvkti-B of Irt'laiK), casio to England 
and settled in X\i<- midlan'l di»tric-t, wli«re 
he not only dssocialr^l witli tint pn)fc(it*nt. 
clcrfr>',hut cncouragodhb fellow-helievi'rsto 
atti-nd their Jtervicp*. 'Tins conduct, wan so 
nirturioiu and offenaive In real catholic* that 
I wa» called njKin hv my hrerhren lo u«« 
■erery means in my pnwor to put n stoptoit ' 
{HrsKSiiKTH. U/r of Mi/wr, p. 3St9>. 

Kufttarf! waAthcintimntc friend of Edmund 
Burke, hin r-oii(idenlisI adviser. and bit com- 
panion in h'vf ln-<t illntfui. I-'or it'mii' time li» 
B»NSted Dr. Collin* in his ecliool at Southall 
Pafk, and when ilr. (jhamWrUyne nptired 
tnra tbo imasion Eustaco iiiH-c<HKle<! him at 
Owwy Park, tlm w^t of 8ir Willinm JeminjT- 
hnm, near Nnrwicli. FIp wan reaide'nt at dif- 
ferent periodninboth thoamrer«itie« as tutor 
lo twoyonnn relativw of Ijord Pwtre (Clai- 
TOK, S^cMm in /?r&7mpA.v, p. 383). In I^^Oa 
he traTpllwl throneh Italy with John ('u^t 
(efterwanlB Lord Brownlow), Kolx-rt Kiub- 
Iwokc of llnahbrokff Park, and Philip Koc^1l^ 
To 1805 be was rwiduat in JiKits Cone>rp, 
Cambridge, with Owrgs Potrv, and there he 



a»soriatnl with tbu moai emtDi^ni litarnrr 
men in the univKmity, especially Dr. I-Mwar 
Daniel Clarke, who nxnmmi-nded him lopul 
liiilithtfmnnuiicri pi Journal iifliiK tour lhrouj;_ 
Italy. Afterwarna ii(> took a journey with hti 
ptipil, Goorj^ Putre, through part of I>al 
ufttia, tlie westi'ni rooAi of f irr«re, tlM lonb 
I8lAnd^ Sicily, and Malta. Inl8I3hia'Tc 
through Italr' mj* publishi^ Tlii^ Wil 
acquired for itfl author a sudden and a wiJ 
n>putAlion. lli-i soqunintanfre waAjtoii 
almost all pcTM)nsinthi.'<i"ofUitTTdi>tinji 
by rank or talentJ! ( (fent. Ma^. vol. 
pt. ii. p. 372). 

Id Junv 1814, during the shoit mace, 
accompanied l^nlA ('arrington and KiUrx o^ 
an ezcunion to Fraacu, and on bis retur 
publiolied a remnrkabi* dewriplion of tbs'' 
cluingiv mnAfi by war and mrnltition in that J 
cnuntr}'. 1I«< went ngsin tn Italy in IKIQ, j 
nnd waft collecting matcmlsforan^wvoloma J 
of his 'Tour' when be waa attacked by 
laria, and died at Xnpleson 1 Ang. l!(15.i 
52. Hi> wii8 buriwl m the churcli of tho Cr 
eelle {Vath'Aic Ma;/. IWW. ii. SOO). 

His workjiare; 1. • A P»IiticalCatORh!H 
niliipttfll til tliK [ireni-nt moment,* 1810, 8v^ 
(anon.), written m the spirit ofa legiiimnM 
whig. 2. * An Annww to the ("hnrci^ dt 
livens! by the Bishop of Lincoln to tin 
Olercy of that Piocyjj', at (be Trii-nnial Vi»v 
tatioii in IRl'J,' liond. li*l:i anil IH19, \xt 
republished in the -Pumphleirer,' vol ti^ 
1813. .H. ■ A TourlbroiiKb Italy, exhibitini 
a View of it* Scmery. AQiiijuities, and 
MoutimeQl^, p«rticulurty as they Afe oUoCt 
of Classical luten-ot, with oii account of Ihl 
mewnt stale of ild L^itwa and Town*, ati 
Oeca«ional Obfi^nralinnson the Itccent Sp 
liations of the Frvnch,' 'i voK Ijond. ISU 
4to, Srid Mil. !»nd. 1914 ; Srd i-dit. Pntillt 
'A ria^Hical Tour throngh Italy.' 4 vol 
Loud. It*|.>, ftro; 4lh r<1it. 4 voU. !,o«t: 
]ftI7, 8vo ; filbftdit., with an additional |k 
face and tranBlntion:^ nf tbo quotation)' fmt 
ancivnt and modem anlhon^, 4 vob, l..onil 
1821, 8vo, reprintwj at Paris in !l«7 
vols, ccii, and cciii. nfa •eric* entitlM 'Col 
Itolion* of Ancient and Modem Eiigli 
Authors ;'Hth c-dtt. ;tvoIs. I*nd. Ifi4l. 8v<l 
forminir part of ihc ' Family Library.' 
praiwe has Ihn^h di-AiTi'tllv bpfltowed i 
work, but John Cam llo))hou<ti-, nf^er 
ly^rd Bronjjiiton. in hi* ' 11i»t.?rirnl niimtr 
tionsofthofotirth canto of "Childe Harold," 
ISIS, oHlicises it with i>str*'me KeTrrityl 
calling Eustace ' one of tlie most inacnir 
iin sa I U factory writiTs that have in our ti 
iitlninetl a temporary Tepuialion.' A find 
cntiim of Eujitacc from iUkw cfaarjEea 
pnftcvd in tlM ' London Magfssine,' 18120, 



I 



ESS. Tn h» co-nfligioniite Etixtnoe gavu 
great olfciuv in cniuiM)UfiK'c nf w>me of his 
•eutimwnU). Buliop >1 ilner mainUiiaed tlist 
hia ' Tour ' wM |K:rvA>l'-il hj tn ' iinc&tliolic 
imd Inittudinu'i&ii Bpim,' more dimgeroiu 
tba&'rtH-iibt'Tc&ics. Muiii^iji^or W(M?<]allital«s 
tbnt Liuiiuu) wht'u on bi» ilcftt litwd biUirrlv 
faewiulpil to all hi» fncnd* wlio vtHitMl hiw 
tho emaeoiu find imltf^iuiut tunduncy of 
MTt<nil [■iLi>it«gr'< in ill'.- )itibticHti"[i {L'athf/Uc 
Mat/. lN'l:i,[i. U7j, Kii"t!»ci's jiMJMitd itiitr- 

Iih'Uii-uiarv vuliiuie wit's 'jxuuuii-J liv Sir 
tirJtttnl Colt llonin-, Lmrt., mIki publUlii'd 
*A Clft»ii:al Tour thrtiugli Italy and Sicily^ 
t«idinK to illiihtratv i>nm>T diflrict^ winch 
hav* nnt born dc-wribtnl bv Mr. Ku»t«c>.',' 
and «lil. l.onJ. IKIH, Hvo^ 4. 'A Utler 
Irom I'liris. with l_'ritio«l ObwrvntioiiB and 
livmnrluoiiclif-S(ut»i>f.'x>cii'<y,»iidttit.-Mi>nil 
(.TukKcrerof theFrt-ncb PL-oplc,' Loni IS 14, 
6v». EigLl L-diliuiia wl-im svLd in & «borL 
Ihnr. S. 'Tlw Proofs of CbrisliHnity.'IxMid. 
1814. lt!!Tn". tV A wuree of rlitftoric. Miuiu- 
•wl Ht DowTwidf, 7. An un- 
.' lie j)(M>tn on 'Tho Culture of 
lie Yu-uMiU Mind.' 

(AWii M-!. 22970, f. 278; Biog- Kcl. of 
!,■< ■ ' », |>p. 1 10, < J* ; Jlyroua l'o«tk«l 

V [>. 7S5; Catholie Ung. 1833-3. i. 

SlSD. .tL'ri, Lilliolinin, 1817, t. 2W& ; Ctillom'* 
BiM. l>icl. ; IIiMr^'k l.'UMdrnl Tour, (ircfuca »nil 
d«li«Mtvn: HuxnUUi'ii Viiv if Miloor, pp. 
SS8. 1(1 1 -d ; KiiitiliiB ('ycloMrtitu (liWrtipJiy), 
Mi[.'pl. i'_ .i07 i Luwntln'n Dibl. Siui. I Itohi)). p. 
I(> ' Ctilbulio Itvliijiitn III Coruwall. y. 

ii ■ - ('ouipvadiuni of Iruli llittgr.ipliy, 

p. i;* j T. b. 

ECBTAC'B, KOLAND FlTZ,I/)unroKT- 
LHCTKK (tl, lAi*ii), chancellor Kod Inuunurr 



io r 

All 
tit 

Til. 



"\n:\ 



iht? eldiiM son of Sir tM< 
, liewi of sa imtKirtaot 
iiiily which n<*qiii«;^d l■xM■Il- 
l Kil<lurv and Moaih ui IroUiuil. 
icet with th(^ KarU of Kil(ljkrf< 
and iltif ()t.Tiilduit-ff WCTi) ainung thv chtuf 
and miwt lurfivit ■up|iiirim in JroUnd of tlic 
Yoikirt party, tho head of which waa Uuk« 
Kirhntil. Inllu-riif KilwmnI IV. nydi-wirit th« 
' ' II ^nesin Ireland, 

i;>oinleiJ vicpniy 
ii'iry ^ I. .-ir Kdwnni Kuz- 
■ ■■ di'mity ill Irplnnd in 1461 
■>r Yiirlt, »i^d in the Mime y«ir 
-'ilantitriKoiTfd til'- niJpwiiiiiin.'Qt 
ari-r thi'M-. Sir lUjlwid uinnifd 
r-'lict •}{ Sir John TK>wdidl, luid 
^ III. .1 'iVrHiiH, a OuBcon officer 
in niiliivy aflaira 
nnd Henry IV. A 
thi> paunnUfjn of thf. lllrwed 
n-ctuu by Sir itoluid in thv 




parochial church of St. Audoen, i>u))lin, in 
i-lfio. Fdwft^rtl IV, on his iu-ce»ion to the 
throne in 14tEl, conlinned Sir Itoknd in tbu 
tr«A»urunhip of Ireland, and by pat«nt dated 
at W«atiiiiaaiet 4 March in the i>ami! your 
ereflt«d him Baron of Porlleater in tliwcounty 
of MtMlh. He wttsaliiu appointed tttmporary 
deputy-governor in livlunii fur tJic vio<jroy, 
Ui-ur^', duke of Clarence, and took t.ho Mth 
of •.•Ihcc on 1'2 June liG2. In that year he 
preaided aa lord deputy ata parliamoat b^d 
m Dublin. About thia time PonJeeter wu 
nccuwid of trpflsonnbln daaigns in ooUuaion 
with tho Karl of I>e«niond, Portloelar r^ 
piidiuti^d the chai^a, oHered trial by wager of 
butllp, and waa subwquc&tly cxooeratnl by 
act of parhameDt. Another L-horge of I rooeoD 
mode agninjt him at Dublin in 1470 doca not 
appear to haw bwn pnwouulod, Uiii daughter 
and £obeire«a, AUaon, Iwcaino tht; wifo of 
(Jcrald, cighLh earl of Kildare, ]onl deputy 
of Ireland. 1u 1 472 tho cbfincirlIor*hip wa« 
conferred mi Portle-iter and John Toxton 
i!urin^lht>irliv«^><t. Forilestcr woscmoof the 
chief aiipportrtrs iif the Karl of Kildiirfi in his 
oont*.>st in 147t* with Henry, lord Grey, ia re- 
Irtlion to the otBcc of deputy iii Ireland for 
li>lwacd IV, 'lite QaiB« uf rortlottur »tand« 
next to that of the Karl of K-ddace on the 
roll of thoHC appointed in )47i> an chief mom- 
bi-rs of the fraternity of St. (Jtn>n/w for dc fnnce 
uf ihu Ent;lifib territories in Ireland. [7nder 
the arTaiigwni>)nt)(inad>.' by Edward IV for the 
ndmiiuetmtjon of Iuh atfaini in Irolaml, Port- 
li-Ktrr WM Hupeiwded in the chancellorship, 
but r<'tain<4l in otflcv a* lord tnm*un:-r, and 
the pcjst of chief baron of tbi; oxvboquer waa 
ConltrrM on his aoo, Ulivtir Kustacv, in 148U. 
l'orih>ttl<?r was reputed to havo an^uiFc^d con- 
siderablt* wealth throu(i;b liuf ttinploymtmis 
iinilrrr tho crown. In 14t^B he eatabliab«d at 
kilculk-u, ou tli« bauk of ihu iiilFuy, cu. KU- 
dare, n convent for Ub.-.ervantiu« l-'nuiciiicanti, 
subwijui-utly known m the * New Abbey. 
With the Barl of Kildnn' nnd nthor 1eadt>ra 
of the Anghi-lrijh, Portiflsler in I-IW took 
I»arl in tlin moTProent of the Yorkisis in 
lavimr of I^mbi-rt Simucl. tn 14>* Port- 
loKter ajjain became chancellor of Ireland 
wli<.-n tliat olBc« waa vacated by Sir Thomas 
riuOerald, who took couiuiond of the Iriah 
ftoldiera who fought in the battle at Wl4"ike in 
1484. Thn}U|{h tho intervi-'ntiou of tlie royal 
comiuioaioner. Sir KicUard i->t^-ciinib<% n par- 
don wtm iaaued to Ponleet(>r hr lleiiTT V II, 
under dalv of 2t> May I4H?. Hl< ilieti at an 
advanced age in IIMi, and woi intcrreol in 
the I''nuiri»c«a abbi'y, which tiv had fouudtHl 
at Kilcidlon. The it'uiaiusof a stone mouu- 
luent with recumbent cllltpe* uf Fonlvat«r 
and hia wiCe uv precervad on tho aito of th» 



■■""^ *-• 



cliNiK'I which, ft* ntK>ve> mentioned, be encttA 
in tUA churcli of St. Audo«ti, Dublin. 

[Itolbof FitrltanftUt, Ohftncerf Aod Exflift]n«r, 
IrdAiid; PkUnl KoU, Eoglud, 3 Hen. Vll ; 
Hiec. of VictnjTfl or IreUnd. 18M; Hist, of City 
of Dublin. IH64i Warn DUquisttionM de lli- 
lieriiiii. I0S8; mAnaMtipto ia lifanrj ct Onkoa 
vt BaTgaitdy. BniM«!«; Uarloiaa MS. 1M. firiu 
Maa. ; Coltcoiui CfautoK, Brit. Miu. ; Lmidm 
nail ['>t|wni or Henry VU, «d. Jitmw Omnliivr 

[KuUi doriiv), iti6i.j J. T. a. 

EVANS, ABEL, D.D. (IR70-173-). di- 
vine iiikI i>i:K*t, ton of Abi'l Kvans uf Loniioii, 
pMil . ( Or/. Mat. Ileff.), -k&a b'Jrii in Feliroarjr 
lU7kf. aud (.-ntvrwl Mvrcliuiil Tuylure' School 
in tLe spring nf )ttB6. lli- wii.* i^lrctitl pro- 
balioniuT fellow of St, John's CoUn^e, Ox- 
ford (ltlu2), procAodod rarnUrly lo tbw di*- 
ffrf»s of U.A. (1606). M.A. (1699), Il.D. 
(1705), D.l>. 0""). TtiPftP liighet defms 
veroprobfthly tJik«n in tnrre obedi«ticc to thft 
college statute*. Sucb rvpiitation w Ertuu 
Mh^uirvd WAS due rather to biA poircrs oa a 
satimt than to bi« abilil ieo u a uiviun. Ho 
entered boly order* in I70(), and hi-!d *nc- 
etmve\j ibo incumbBncie<i of Kirtlinrton, 
Smilen, Oxford, imdGnwt. Si wi^'lilun. Hunt- 
iDgdonahiiie. For a nhort timD aIm be «M 
duiplain to bis coU«f{e, bat vrus ejected. Ban 
Ilsamo, hecjiDW!, in n fin«c«b miule publicly 
in the ball of ijt. Jobn\ be refltjcted upon Dr. 
Pelaunf, till! prc.<idcrTit, And mo«t of the mem- 
bers of the aociety, llovever, the DuchcM of 
MarlboroU2)i rspoutcd biic&iuo,and, ' tbou^h 
he wa« a loose, mniiuf geutlQmui. ho vas 
mightily DarDSsed,' uid n?tnstat*>d in IitH of&re. 
Hotliun ri'furuiMl hiMcourvoof lifn.und turned 
upon hii> former frieudx, publithiu^ (1710) n. 
poem etuirkd 'The Apparition; a dialonia 
wtwixl tile Devil uud a Doctor cODcenunjf 
tb« riffbtit of ll)t^ Cbri«ti»in (^htin^h.'in wbicfi 
Tindal and Ktinnctt were niiigblr bandied. 
Dr. T. Smilh(littiirnuVc«rre«pondent)ffpeul(!i 
of tlie i>atire an diimlaying * great Tnt, i^ood 
Mfuva, Hod wonderml honesty,' but it la of 
amall liioniry worth orfrpn«nk1 ini«mst. In 
1713 [^vana pubti&bed a poetioal epistle lo 
JsMb Bobart [n, v.], entitled ' V'ertumnu«,' 
which wnn ntiublisbcd in NicboU's 'Select 
Collect i<m of FoemB,' vnl. v. 

JSriktis was prL-suntedbybiscoUegoia 1725 
to tbij rrv.Uirv ii( C'tHtim, Stinvy, a Ixmpficv 
wbicbbttdboeubeltlbrnaleHHtbanitixbiRbops, 
and died there 18 Oct. 1737. Political pre- 
judip* diWiOrted IlenTneN Mtimate of Evan*'* 
cbarncti.'f, which there is DO teason to sup- 

Eioeie wa<i ^t.h^r than honourable, even before 
le tseased to be a whiR and n low churehnum. 
Hewaa a good prvnchcr ; hi* tlianluiictving 
wrmon prcaobeu at 8i. MaryV, Oxford, in 
1705 was camineiided by Bishop Lloyd. A* 



an epi^trammatist be bod oooEiikrabld nf»~ 
tation^ and was hy no maaoi the least amu 
the nine Oxford wiu wboaa tuunes taa 
senred in the dUttdi — 

Alma Bovein geooii cxIalirM Rli«dreiaa poatus, 
lIubb,Stubb,Culjb,Cnbb,Tnpp,VmiBB.Cafiy, 
Ticliall, ETans. 

lie wa« permiDaUr act^uaintud with tbe lewl- 
itt^ liU'rary men of lits (ime,atid ootraBpooded 
vnth Pope, who nve bim a place beaida 
Younij aud Swiil tn the second book of the 
•Dunciad:'— 

To a«M bia papen, Curil, was next ib^ care; 
lib papeiw, u^t. fly direriHi, tovt in air ; 
Hn«c», aooneta, opisraniH, the wiods nplift. 
^Vod vfaiak '«Di bai£ to EraoA, Yming, and $wtft. 

Hia b<!«t known epigram, the ori^nality of 
wbiob haa boen quMtioiwd, is I bat on vau- 
bnigb: — 

lae hnvy on htm. Earth, for he 
Laid many a heavy load on thee. 

[Cbaltnen'i Bi<^. Diet. xiii. 40; Kobiiisoa**^ 
B^.eif HenshautTaylon'SebooI: Popti'i Worita 
(li^lwin and Courthope). it. 137, '^ES, x. IIHU8 
(whi-refiveiif Enuw'n l*L(«n»rB|{iven);Ilainw'« 
Oolleotioud (Oxford. 1886), 1. 33, ii. 332. &&. 
n. 4W.J C. J. B. 

EVANS, ARISE (&.lG07),Eiiiiatte. [See 

EvA.Sii, Uiivit or Itice.] 

EVANS, ARTHIR BENOSI (1781-J 
1854), miacelhtneous writer, waa bom at' 
O>mptoti-Ueaucbam p. Berkshire, on 2S Mareh 
l'fi\. Ht8fBther,ihcRcv.I^wi«ETan*^i.v.1, 
vtcur of Froxtield ,\V ilt8hire,waa a well- know a 
natroitomer, and held for many years the pn.>- 
fmorship of mathcmitticaat the Royal Mili>] 
tary Academy, Woolwich, lie marri<.'d -Vnii, ' 
pldi'st dnughler of ThomoA Xorman. The 
fiecond sou, Arthur, rvct-'Ivvd Iuh education at 
the college school, Glouceater, of wbicb hts \ 
uucle osu namcaake was iKod-mastL-r, and 
here iio waa Ittmwn a« 'The B(ild .\rthiir,'j 
from hifl remarkable personal courage. Hn j 
wrtit into rcsidi^nce nt 8t- John's Oollegw, | 
OxfonJ, W Oct. 1800. and prococdwl B.A., 
21 Feb, I80»,M.A. lUM. andRD. and DJJ. 
1828. In addition to bis knowledge of thAi 
classical languages, be became well rcrsed io] 
Ilcbrew, French, Italian, Spanish, German,, 
and Ict'landic. lie bad an uj;oeUent car for i 
music, and \vk* » purformer on serern! invLnt- I 
ments. Aa an artist he sketched in pencilj 
crayon, and sepia, and hi« catllu pieces were 
of eminent merit, H'' Atudi^ g<!olt>ST and 
botany, aud liis kuowlixJKe of Grrak. KoiBan,^ 
and English coin«,of wli ioh he bud a large D(j- 
lixrtion.waa considerable. Uewaaordainedl 
the curacy of lIaTipuTy,Glouce«t«r,inAi 




1801, and ai\jet recnvinc prii-El's orders in 
!wpU;mber IBOS, wua in iVii' fnUitwinLf uxnith 
Appointed pnfouor of claMtca uid hirtory in 
lliB Kojal MilituT OoIItfgv, then iKlvlyiMtn- 
bliidiM] lit CtKnt Mar1<iw, Ruckin^liun.ihiTVi, 
mod hv t^mov^ with tlie collie to Sandbtmt 
niOctnbiTlKJ2. I:. ')iisapuoiiitni«i)t 

in 182:!, he west :> nt-ar iJuriihaiu, 

crv he pn-pnred jn, ['ir- i^r the univcrsitifs, 
liyrretl tliccHmpyoniumliani until \f^29, 
BU lie acceptW ll>e Lt^nil-uiti^U'r^ttp ol' tlw 
Am gmamar bcImoI at Market Boaworth, 
i'SicMl^niure. Whilva-sidcut ut lliul pluui' 
hpbeldsBcces&iv^lvtlii^ciirarie-Horitoswonti, 
rarltoa,tuicl Cadt'lly bclwwn IS2l> ajid 1S41. 
lleneTeriiori»iil fr<im bin cJrric«l profea»nn 
^_nontlinn lOO/.aycAr. Asaechoauiuuttprlie 
IwoincntlTHUcceMrul. Ileditd&t Miirket 
rortli 6 Not. l^'A. In Ju^>^ ISIi) he 
iiiani«d Anne, third daugblvr of Cuiitain 
TboBiu PklnaRon, U.K., of BromhlcDiirv, 
BMT Woolwich, by whom h« had nix chu- 
dran. She died lU May lt*t>3, in her cinety- 
Mcond year. 

Kvaiu waA tbe author of the following 
wurkit: 1, 'SynopAcs for the u£c> uf the Stu- 
d«Hl*iii tbtiltijyiiiMilitiiry Acjiilfray.' 2.' The 
Cait«r,iti five I-ecturesonthe Art EndPnio- 
tic« of CoUinf; prii^nd*. AcquiunUncM, luid 
Ration!),' 1Sl)8. 3, 'Kim^iipiana, nr the 
<>pjiii'in§ and Table-tallt of tu« laUj ilarnnby 
Futi.".. r>,i .' i(>09. 4. 'Thu Cy\Ttx<- find 
•-•I I . IHIO. 6. 'Plain iSermons ob 

lb' '■ '.itie« of the I'oor as Parents, 

Ilir I !Wive«,'182i. fl.*Prt8uniNa- 

lirin i.ina upon Wisdcui, Power, and 

Kichvs,' Iti^il . 7. ' Sermons on iJie Cbrist iun 
Lafc and Characl«r,' 183:^. 8. 'KflVctual 
JleaoB of Promoting and Propagating the 
<j.jsix-i; 18:m;. ». •TIib PhyUctiTy," a poL-ia, 
1836. 1(1. '('aliunuii Scriutuniin, or ( imivn 
fp.rwriii(iirGr«ik.' 183.'. 11, 'Thel-'ifthof 
fiovrdilxT,' a wrmrni, 1^38, 12. 'Thw Vil- 
lagv rhnn-.h,' a nootn, 1rll3. 18. ' Kducalion 
and Parental hKumple, in imitation of tbe 
Xr\"ttj 4Dttn.> of Jwvcnal,' a pMin, I84S. 

14. ' '' ^ — V Service and not t lie Ser- 

Di' . ijfPublic Worship,' 1843. 

Ui. , ;...,..,(. T«t of llK'lrui- MinisiiT 

of the Church of Knginml.' l(S. ' Uivinc l)e- 
nuiK-tatiDQB aguoBt l>rinkiiig, or Uio Word 
of Und tnnre puw«rful ihon Pledge-takiug.' 
17. ' Ixieuatershtro Words, Iliiasea, and Pro- 
Turb*,' IH4]^. Ki-printvd hy l.hv IviigliKh l>iji* 
lart Siicifty, lf^^l. 1ft. 'Persnnul Pi/'ty, or 
lAida to J^vattt Pmycr for Individuule of 
[*)l t-hi<^' IH.1I If), • Prltniri':. Wri*f){, or 
Urt ' ' ' li'itidon Hoard,' 

iJ-.' Ill b.ivo romo 

Ciiiiiiiii::ii]v !":l^!^■ [Ur [juIiIil-. John Lvati:>, 
m 1 fJ'J, t» [■niidunt of tbe Society of An- 



tiquarica,and has bevn n wntoronooina, and 
9ituni.>, hroiue, and Hint Impltui^ut^. Setn»- 
linn Kvans, bom I. SKI, i^ a dcsigTitT for gla« 
worli; and a pod ; he edited tho ' Hinaiugham 
r(aK-tt«>' 18li~-70, and ftince I8i^l haa b««o 
the editor of 'TIii; People,' a coDfienmthre 
Stinduy journal. AS'KE Ktxxs, Iioto lft20, 
died li*70, wrote poumH and musit;, which in 
1>^H} were i^lilnl juid pubti*li«rd With a m©' 
morial preface hy Aiiue Thackuray Ititrhie, 

[Qeat. Ha^. January 18AA. pp. 100-2; M«a 
of iii«Timu(l887). p. aflC] O. C. B. 

EVANS, RRSJAMIX ( 1740-1821 ).<-oii- 
gr>->;rnl>oimi ministtT, wuh bom at Ffynon- 
Addn, Meline, Pembrokefchinr, 2.*S Frb. 1740. 
In hitt warly davfi, while he was miniKIer at 
mnuwcbllvii, M(Ti'.iiiiitbKhiri.'(wherphe was 
urdoinod IvttOl, bo mot with a good dv-al of 
pcr^.{:iit ion mid wiu compelled to spplv to lh« 
King's bcneh for a mandfatans b«fort) \o was 
allowed to conduct tbe services in pentx'. Jit] 
reniovi!dinl777toUnvorfordwc3t,ftndtboneo 
to Ltreweii in Cardigau-ihin.', 2-1 Juno 1779, 
whi-m bo wfti) much boluvod, and rviuainad \ 
till his deftth, 2 .Murch 1821. Hlaanstduty ^ 
boM was to undo tlie work ofhin pn^ecwwor, 
who Wtt« in i>yinpnthy with tbe Aminian 
moremeul, then !i>d 1>>* the Htjv. David l.loyd 
ofLlwynrbvdowen. uvana showed greet tact 
utid ^rrnditnlly and Hticcesefnlly led back the 
coHfrrt^tion to tlifl prv^Tailin^ Calviniifm of 
tbw day, Tbfl baptliii controversy which h\>- 
gon alwut 17tW wft.i oritpnutcd by the grwit 
BClivity of a few baptists in the neighbour- 
boo fl, who distributed lar)?enunibera of tracta 
among membora of the congnigation. This 
compelled the minister to act on Ihti dir- 
fi'-iisive. Th« hist-oriun of nonconformity in 
Walea »aj» tbnt pri'lably nathiu|^ ubk'r was 
ever written on both aidai of ihi.'. ({umtion 
of biipli&m than the lettore of Evans on the 
one aide ajid thiWf.iif I>r. Willidin Uichnrdsof 
Lynn on ihu other. Acnording to tht> sama 
authority Kvuni^'ii nunicps lobiscountr>'uten 
were very great, both through the pulpit 
and Ihw ^rv^* {E^tityn Anntibynifl, iv. 174). 
Hi.<« pubU^lied worlts an (all in Welsh) : 
I. Tmiialationof asermon on the tfnupowder 
i'Xplnnion (It Choatcr, by Dr. J. JeiOcins, 1772. 
y.'l>etti.-rHunIlupti«in, 1788: Mcotid edition, 
u4th Addition.^ iti rt^plr lo l>r. Kichard^, 178U. 
•). ' SuliV'riiig» uf tht> Hlack Men in Jamaica, 
&c.,' I7t>9. 4. 'Th« WnilinRxof the Ulack 
Men in the 8ngar TiiUnda' (.1 and 4 were 
publi*bod anonymously), o. A poem on bap- 
tUni in rcplr In ihn Har. ncniamin Francu, 
17M. 0. iWsIntion of the 'Kev. Matthtaii 
Mr\urie«'* 'S-xial ICcligion,' 17'J7, 7. Two 
cat<.vhi«uii> {!) 'On iht' frn-at PrInciidMor 
lU>li{^u,' (2J ' On the LSiucipIcs of Non- 



.^2£] 



Evans 



S6 



Evans 



cmtfomuty.* 8. Four RermooH on [incticul 

RltgtOO. 

I Jon(«'i>0*inBdur BywgnlTj^ol ; Suwbiiitii'a 
BibliD^plij.] A. J. J. 

EVANS, BROOKE (1-9--1969). well 
known a» n nickel rvllner, was bom in Ittill 
StTMt, Biniiiii(,'hiini, in 1797. his falbc-r U-ing 
K woollendniiwr. On lv4Tui|f wLool ut iLe 
ftge of fifteen bo wa« npprenlioMl to a ^n* 
mokor, ua<l midv liiit lirel uc^juiiioliiuw with 
mrlallurgT. insltTmofaiipw-ntifeshiijhfiving 
expired, EvBiu) et&ni-dt'ur ibe L' ailed Sutw, 
Aaa antored iDtoj)arlni-r!ihi[iwit}i a gunmaittt 
in Kcw York. He wu oiil}- partially euceeas- 
ful in thiit lrodtf.iLnd bcfurr.' 1qii|; bpubiindcniiM) 
tt,and went off pnM|)iectin|; in Ci>nlnil Ame- 
rica. Her« Ii9 bocamp an inrli^ planter, and ', 
kt8buMlio«6MpKpity^i-c<lilyAdvAnc(><lhijslo 
tbepwitioaof an indigo merchant. IlaTing 
m&deeomG inoncy ho returned l:o Bnglftn£ 
lu ihu Oulf of Slirxiou tlie captaiuof ibvfhip 
■ud MTOTttl of tho crew werw aeizod with 
yellow fviLT. Evuni) louk command of thi- 
«biii, KtuI iiHvi^pitfd li«r Ktici-riutfully lo tbn 
British Tsles, Hp aflt>rwarda purdiased a 
smell buitini'sf in tht- class nnd U>ad tivds a-t 
StTOl ford-on- A von, wliwo hn livixl six T*'nrs 
wiili Lis tietcr. Tbi« adventuic become a 
Terr aocecMnil one, so thiit he mtci) from 
C,060/.to0/X)0/. Cbarles Askia, a vetcriniirr 
surKeon, wait a frit-nd of Kvodb. lie had rc- 
uovixl n> Warsaw, wiiere M>me of KTana'a 
fauiily bad ironworkH. Aiiliin there bought 
fiotnu Hpoons of a while uo:aI calk-d 'aryit'U- 
tan' by the maker, lli? npcidiMjIally Jisl-o- 
vt.-njdtLnltli<;mntnl<;ontaiiii?dnirk>_'l. Afikin'it 
brutiutr oS'ertilbiin th«i tnu'of alaUiratory in 
ihti ^worka at LeAmingloii, of wliich ho 
waalliemaougiT. Tbero, in co-operation with 
EYonn, he cndenvouTifl to n-fmn nirlitil from 
vpeiss (an impute mixture of colmlt, nickel, 
and iithi-r nii't«b>), \ri\ after the prepnrntion 
of cobalt bine for paiunni^ niitHTy. They 
were aiiccet^ftil, and Askin joined the linn 
of Menr k Son, roanufuiMuivrs of Ot-rmnn 
■ilvtr. Askin remaintrd a partner iiiil.il he 

Eilinrd l.tHXW. by Iho venturt, and with this 
u joiiictl Evans. In l>i3!} ihry built work* 
in Birmingham, where theysuceeinfiillypro- 
(luCL-d refined nickul irom uickt'l-i^ueia, tbvn 
ailru); in tin- inurWt. Thnili-inJinil fnr Kvanw 
&. Asktu'a ri'iined nickel and German Eilver 
ioCTeMed ao ni|iidiythat tbe sjieiss pruduce<l 
bjthe cobalt blue maTinfacliin-re wa.1 qnit« 
ioau/Gcient for their requirements. Evane 
ncolvad to deplore Kiiivipc for the ort-f of 
nickel. ]Ie beard of its exi«teucc at the 
nines of Dobscban in IluuKary, viaitm] the 
place, and bought all tho ore for which \iv 
could aflord to pay. The ore contained half 



as much cobalt us lurhel. As nobalt 
delrimeotal to the Uermnn silfer, 
A^kin could not bv hit mni}r- of 
h-parato ihvo! melata. tliey hod to 
with a new aet of dillicullies. Esperimflat 
■vcTP mads by .Vidiin aii<l 31r. Beiutoa, tb4 
falbfruf thn (iivHenl archbishop of Canter 
bury. The demand for oickol was nu-anwhiU 
Rtmidily inrreoeiiif^. Evana & A>kin ut hut^l 
by "liiuiy piTta:venuQC>^, diacovered a prows* , 
by which they obtained refined uiekel in l&tj 
quant it tef. To mi'^t I he df:uiiiul A.tktn viitilr 
some iiickid mineii near Gt-isdal in Norway iii^ 
IW", where be died ■luldenly on "J-'j An^, lit* 
was brought hurno and hurirt] at Ed(;biutou. 
Since tliHt lime the demand for niohel was 
steadily met by Erana, who died in 1 f^2, and 
waBburivdnearhiapartnerinEdgbaAtou. Tb* 
firm of KTaas & AJkin continues. 

[Snatoijiun Daily ^niU 1 1 Doc. 1 873 ; apa- 
CM infonnatioD from frivada.] K ll-t. 

EVANS, CALEB (lS31-18d6). gwlt.. 
born on 'J5 July 1H3L, was educated uiidc 
IVofeaaor Key at Llniveraity College S 
The dvath of bis fathvr oonpellcd hmi to hiai 
aehoot at nn early ooe, ana in l^vtU he be 
work in a >!nIicitorH oflica, In )K{j2 Ev 
wn* npiKwntfd a clerk in the eliamery tia) 
oftice.iv poat which he hehl until ISS-', whi 
his hfalib enforced his reliwuient. Hw noit 
marri'il; hia riHidencf; was at lIam|)ATead| 
wterv he lived with his brother and »islen. 

Evanw commenced Ihc uludyof gioloprl 
attending leclures delivervd in ISV) by I' 
fesaor Owen and Dr. Milvillc. In lf?o8 
bc^n u> collect focsilit from the Ictliarv 
formations of the south nf Kuglaud, anC 
formed duriuff the nest twentv-five yea 
very complule sela illustraiin^ tW tttrnta 
llie London district. He iHtM inwAtijtated 
the etralaol'the Isle of Wight, Lyme U 
WfivmnHtli, Swanagi', and I'ort smoiilb. 

In 1^)7 Ev'ana took part in funnding tl 
Oeologista' AMrOciation of T^iidun, of whir l] 
bttwas for many year»oncof the moat actiil 
membcn, and in 1^7 lie waaeleeted a foUoi 
of the Geological SociotT. 

EvaD£ waa fortunate in heioj; able to tal 
adrantn^ of the operations m connectiod 
with the main druinuge worki) in the auutt 
of I.oiiilnn, which oJliirdod opportnnitkM fo 
collecting foRsils never likely to r^-cur. 
secured euitett of eiweiiueiw "f ftwnil itbi.dla i 
(TTtfat iiiter^-.it and nirily. EranR aliui Aii 
excellent work io studying tb« chalk. Ha 
mndo large collections of its fojuils. mid hii 

iinper'On some Sections of Chal! 
'roydon and Uxted,' read to the < < 
AMociatiou iu January I '^70, marl 
Eugliah attempt to divide thia -i 



:,vans 



57 



i,vans 



^ 



I 



thick uuM or pure white liDte«loa« into wvi^ 
nil Kone«, uid lo com-iat^- tlicM- >nn«K willi 
thotfc vrliich hftd alrt-sdy been wlaUiabed Ify 
cvmLmenUl ^iK)1<)f;tst(i. 

Aiti)getli«r EvBiiH wu» tlu- uuthor of eler^D 
pi|)nre on gi?*il«);i<!ii1 :iubj«K;l*, «iglir of whicli 
kpfH-nnxl in tlio • rroc«edin^ ' of tlic (Jiwlo- 
piets' jVwociatioi). of whlcb, ii] Ktlditiuu to 
iho [wper oil ih^ i-hnlk mRDUotiMl above, vte 
nuy Apocially name that on ibe ' Oi-olo^- 
of the DKi^cblMarhood of Purlwiionlh anil 
Itvtlc ' Kt fixing HYiAtnicf. of iletaili^ sad care- 
fij work. Ur otb*r work wr may niriittfiii 
M iJ(«Ccli of the geology <>f Fnringilon in thf 
*UMilo^it' fur Augii^ lHl!ri,aud ' Mill Hill 
ID fnrtntir A(if*,' writTen for th<'-'MilI HiIL 
Mafpuiut.-.' iluny of Evuui's pajK-rs Mere abo 
liaUisJied iiL'paralelT. 

'Ivane coaslnictt;d sevtinl vxcvUcnt gw>- 
ica) nKvlrU or rrlii^f niji[M, liiS merhod 
to i)a£l« layer upon layer of cartridge 
paper no aalo secure Ibeiif-iviwariri'li'X'otioni*, 
*ad then to colour the. whole occurding tu 
iht.' oulcmp of ibe rocks. His modplc of lb«« 
Tallcy of liic TliMincs n«;ftr I x)rdon, of a pari: 
c4'tlw «amo on a lar^T .-iciilt?, ntid ow of^tlie 
whole of KlijRlaud, art- dow m tbt- pi)«.«'-»4ioii 
of )tT. J]. J. LiritiT r>f Mldou Itoad, llaiup- 
atMuJ; a fiii" map or iiuxlel of Ibe coiintrr 
roubd TTiutin^s is in ibo pownesiuii of (be 
coqiontion of that town ; bo also oun- 
stnicied a tn'idi?! of the neijrhbourhocMi of 
Sidmootb. Kvan»V cxi^tittivi.^ collix-tiunK of 
foMiht wtrm purcliBJuJ by Mr, lCrn«at Weet- 
lahe of Funluigbridgv. Evana died 10 Sept. 
1886. 

PnfoTtnatlon from r«biliv»: Geobffival Msr. 
ICan-h 1887 ; Qnait. Joanu 0«>l0|iic<t Society, 
Pr«iid«Dt'a AddrvM, IW7.1 W. J. II. 

EVANy. THAHLliS SMAHT (ITTtv. 
l&lt*), VMUiUft and com|)0#cr, was n chorister 
under l>r. Ayrton, and m !W*f n ^•ullemui 
uf Lbe Ob&jH-l Iloyal. His name appears 
ani' ii;n.>r<) in lliv L-hvrus of ihu 

* .\ of ITHti, and hi- took part 

«iiii t'n>iiiTii Hii'i «)lbi<n< in Ibc tnufic pcr- 
fonu»'il at \Virl»T'* fiincrKl in 18"2(1. Fnur of 
KvanaV part-^wn^it irninMl pria^fl from I be 
Uln' ancl I'nlrli I 'luli«, iintnely: ' lfc?fliili('s, 

have you witii a ttiv.'" 1>*11 ; 'Fill nil tbc 
fflaM««.' ISli; 'Ode lo ihf M..-m..rv of 
Satniirl \Vebl»>,' If^lT: and <Or>.-Al Kdcc-liiu.' 
ll*'2l. 8iibK4|Ut'ntly \ic livei\mf a nitholJo 
■nJ n i:i. ii^l-r of tb« cboir of the cHH[Hd of 
til < *e t-niluihST. Krojis wruti> a 

*.M . .md H>itii! inotvltn, conliiini^l in 

bnolut iv. and t. of Xovllo's * Cnlli-ciion of 
Mnl>-lta.' !{■• wa;i kImj tli>- r»ni]Kj«tT of many 
MBpk fl<- dm) 1 Jnli. lK|!l. 

(Oiltinr's IMcU u( Ka|ih>h Utholki^ ii. ISS; 




tiruve, i. 498; M-t9it!:iI iC.tulkcCtutu of iliv Ltut, 
iUlfCfUtnry, i. 130: l'^yl'«>U'>ut'e of ibe Aikm«dl 
Cfloctns ; Quarterly IttuBical Magazine A&d Re- 
Ti«w, riii. 127.] I. M. M. 

EVANS, CHRrPT.MAS(l766-1838), am 
of tJtii (fn-Ht WVUli prvnv.bi'rt, vria born on 
Christmas day 17fiti, at o placemlled Yefta- 
w«ii, ill tlin parish oS Ll»iiilyssiil, Caidigan- 
ahirK [fi» father, tNuniiel i'.vnnn, was* poor 
shoetoaker, who, dying wtit'n bin ean wna 
only nini- y^ars oldi, left him in a state of 
compli-te ih'Atitulion. Tbb nt>xt »ix years 
OhmLmiLs >ipt>nt with bin iiiolbor's luicle at 
I.IanYihiingi':|-ar-.\rth in Carmorthensbiro, 
' tlian wboni,* bo my*, ' it would W dtlGvulL to 
find a more unconBcionnblonianin tliewhole 
couiK'of a wicki-d world.' So hv k-ft biui lo 
become a farm u'-rvant at mrton* plnrrit, and 
ulltmsUily came under tbe intluenra of David 
T>a%-im of Caal<.'Ubywi'l, n well-known hard 
audKhoolmB»ter,andlbniiiini^L'-rofii(.'ongn>- 
KalioQorpresbyteriansfasI nlipptn^ iulo uni- 
tarianiflm at Llwynrhydowon. Evans joint.'d 
Llwyni^ydowim Cbiifn.-], was taught a little 
by Uaritia in his Mrlmol, learnt bow to read 
Welsb, andaci|iiir\'d snuiu knowlul^ of t'ne- 
li«h ; berainn rflijrioiw, and iH-^jiiti tti prnicb.. 
Rut as the strin mles of the pri!fibvlerian« 
rwjuired nn acadpmical fdiiMlion fur tbi-ir 
intgitNlera, he gradually (rraviratfd townrds 
the baptiata, who bad noeuch limitation)!,and 
in 17HS was baptived in lli>:- riri-r Ituar at 
I.lauybythcr in CarwanbciisliiH'.and joinod 
tbt> baptiat con^'n'^iil lun at .\)H!rduar. Utrforo 
this lie bad seriously injuri'd an vye in an 
afTrav "i which In- Aii*:% not wt-m ! i> have bevn 
to bliini*'. He was now a re^nilar pruacbor, 
and in 17H9 wiw onlaini-d ns a »"irt of iniii- 
niounry to the M-itlliTrd liapt'iittii of l.!i!yn,th9 
iwniti.-'iila of Carnurvoii.shin'. Hire he mar- 
rit'd Catherine Jones, a ra«"niher«if liiscnnjfn^ 
f^tiim. They had no family. AVhite therB ho 
waa ' converted ' during a prewchinij; joiii-ney. 
and now bt^gan to preach with ii power nnA 
vanu'StncAi of conviction that »<jon madw biin 
fiiraotis. In I7iK! he removed to Anglesey to 
act ne minister to all the bnpti^t cburcboK in 
tb.' ii>lBnd. TIr Hvisl ut l.biiif^'"vni, wltere lb<^ 
moHt important chapel was itiliiaCed. Ucrv 
he worked with Rfat iiiicr>"«, but ii curiouft 
WBTc of S«DdiTRinniani«m ftunad over .AjutId- 
*•*▼ and gre«tlv inflii«oceid ripitl Ciilvinint* 
lil<e I-^vans. ' 'rite Sandmanian hcrfsy af- 
llictt-d mo Mr much ui- lo drive away th« «|nrit 
of iirayer fur the *aIvuliou of sinners.' Aflor 
a line hei«gnine(lhisorthudo.\y, andbeeamii 
tlia ountiw of a gmaL bapliat [miii-ment in 
AxgUat^> Though for many yeara bis salary 
ym ooly 17/, a year, he rule<l over tin.' Anirle- 
B^y baptists with a rod of iron; huilt new 
elupeu, and made at lesot two long anit 



Evans 



5« 



Evans 



kboriouB protKliitiKJotirDflyB ovury yvea oU 
ovvr Wal«>< to collect money to [Nty off tbe 
ch»iwli]*?htfl,wliich often weiftliedvory heavily 
upon liiiD. Tli«-)H; coniitMiit wuidvringvnpntail 
hij luw^ oT(n- nil WnUi). Orowda ftoeked tn 
hear bU eennuna, His bumour Mnaotime* 
thww a ooogregAtion into rturs of Inuglitor, 
often cbanged in a momenl b^ his ^ittltoa 
iuto teftrs, iui(l liLij BtArtliu){ ))ow(t of d«cla- 
nmlioii i>xcrci«o<) extniordinnrr inHucnco on 
all who heard him, whom liin brelliroiicalled 
tlio 'Bunytm of Wnlca.' Ho romaint'd in 
Angk'Svv wore than thirty yea«. In ISJ3 
iiU wifi? (lied, and ho suffered o mod deal from 
iU-huuUh. Iliii w'juudod eyeuwnj's ^vc him 
trou1il<>, and •cim'^tinieft lie Wm llm-ii(<-nr-il 
Willi bUndneHs. At laat tLe bgptist cbiircties 
of .Vngl»'«(y thn-w off thn yoke whic)i 
EvansB ^Temmeut had imposed on ihi^in. 
Theydrair«dnntursUTtobecomein(Ii>|H?iid«nt 
churches, And h\» pniiitionMa Honorbaplin 
bishop tlius became unteoable. He biittrjy 
Tesentcd their choosini^ ministers without 
refi>»ac« to him. A luwtiuil about a diup<.d 
debt added to hU ililhculiit^s, and be glaJly 
acccptwl in lS2il the mini^tn' of tho chapel 
of uii<.T]>hil]y in Ghuiior^nKiiin'. Uvtv 1ii< 
preac^iea yexj sncceaafully for two ypnra, and 
made tu« womd marriatjo witb his hou«>- 
liMpcr, Mary Kvani<. liul diffiriillif-s with 
Iiii) tlock again aro^ and caiuod him to re- 
move to Cardid' in Stplicmbcr I rv^ti ; but tLi) 
oonstitntioD of that church W8» &o demo- 
cratic that with his autocratic uays he had 
friAb trouhleit with lh<; eoagregatiint, and in 
Ibii'J made hia final change to l.'arruirvou. 
ThudiHHeaaioua orih'.- thirly church mi'mbviv, 
the drunkenneaa of Home, and I bit [irt^mire of 
a debt of 800/. left him little pesc«. While 
on bivging journey to South Waloehewss 
auddomr taken il1,ani1 died on 10 JulylRIlH 
at Swaiuea, where on iiS July he wna buried 
with ffnrat hnnour in tht> bumlffTwiind of 
the WeliJi baplii^t c.bnp*?l. HIb aennons were 
published in Welsh (last ediciou, Wrexham, 
I88i*)), and aorrTal of Ihem haro bti-n tran»- 
laled, bc»id«H the copious upecimcoa of tbem 

S'ven in English by most 4^ his biogropbers. 
aim wrot9 some bymoB and tracts in 
Welsh, and aiaiitcd in tjraivtiating into that 
laDguagc an expoeJlion of tbc>icw Teela- 
tnent. 

(Mmioini of the late ChriKmas ETTin*. by 
Danil Tthy» Slnpl>rii, 18<7 ; Chrivttnn* KTftn^ 
a jkjmuuir, by D. Itl. Eiatw, 1^6%; A Vofttin 
on Cbritunas Evuta. bv R. Morrl*. 1S70: 
Cvfiant ncu banes bywjj j diwtdtlar llarcti. 
Cbrittmas Evans, by W. Mar^nn uf lloljhml, 
1M3, nInoB vilh which ars issned th« current 
•ditiouof CruRs's Hro9»than,I>aaicginna^ Ani- 
tbiau : OwsQ Jonw's Great Preadtets of Walea, 



I»e4. pp. 1&&-3U : Ht. I'axtcn Hood's ChriM 
ma* Kvans, 18SI. is rcrj fdll. bat i» r*ib<i 
vTAoiii^ wbpro kno<rI<")g« <^ thiag» nnd pL 
fpociflcallj Wslsh is detirnble.} T. T. T. 

EVAffS, COKXELU S {Jt. Ifl48). ioj- 
pOBtor, a native of >Iar3eiih», was the off- 
spring uf a Welshman and a n oman of I'ru- 
vence. A ocKain rocemblanc« which hi^ boru 
to the I'rincv of Wal«4 iaducml him to oont 
to England in IfMH, and paas binuclf off na 
the priuce. Taking up hia quarters at an inr' 
at Sandwich, he gave out that be bad tie ' 
from France* b«cnuci> thv quvcn his mot' 
ermtcmphilix) poiwiiiini; him. llit* msToroE 
thf? town paid hin homu^ to him, wltile otx 
«i the aVWrmen lodifml him at hiKunti bmui? 
and ln-at«d him in cvprv resyii^l R.i the heir 
apparent. Evans received these atlenlion 
with condosccnsion, and obtainM a nnmbct 
of jireseot* from the well-to-<l<i i-e-^pleof th^ 
county. His rei/fii, however, hod an 
uitlvdL'udiii);. A c.-rtaiu courti'/r, whc 
iiue«uiand I*rince Charles seul overcij 
came to Sandwich and denounced Evatu u] 
nn impootnr. Kvanv, fnr from nhowiiig ao] 
diiironifiture, coolly ordered the mayor tot 
thecourtier intocustwly. Meanwbileanart] 
of royalists cnmo to seiw Brana, who ihii by 1 
backdoor. Hewas,howevefi60on captur 
conduclwdto Canterbury, and th«nr»«riily>(w 
dou, wbeiw he was committed to Newgatt: 
fie quicklycontrivt^ to make bis escape, aftf^ 
which nothing mure waj heard of him. 

[Acbar^l'ii Hiclniru dea IIomniM tlluitrai d| 
In Frovcsec, i. 26S; Chaoivn aud Vi'UudIcH^> 
Noareau Ifictioanaira Historiqne, it. 600.1 

a. O. 

EVANS, I1\.\IEL (1774 1K1.1). 
pendent ntinialt-r at MynyOdbach, OUmor 
eanshiro, w-as born at, Mainuala, Eglwjsi 
l*cm brukvuhiri.*, l(f Jan. UTi. A.* u youti 
he was fond of frequenting praycr-mfivtiB 
in privat« hutu;i-s. At an caily nav hu ' 
mniit church luiTinWr, and aoon unei 
began preaching with gi^'at entbuaacnS 
house til hoiiHe. Iff thuit traim-d bimMtt 
the fuiiirs work, and lurame ver%- succeafcrn, 
as a mis«ionary. His fimt. H'ttlMm»nl wai 
at Llsnwrtyd, BrfcknocVshirc, ajt co-paste 
witb the liev. Isaac I'rice.from 17lH(lo I7l1 
lie went in 1709 to Banjior, where his 
grcgation had but twcnty-ftn- members, wh^ 
were not able to give bim lOl. a year. Uj 
oftra wondtircd what could have Imnirln 1i 
lo Nu poor a pUo-, but thankpcl (> 
hada litth- privaiemFuin^. He it;. i 

ownconKn-nnlion and •"Ijiblif.ln-d ■"■vranoi 
ones in thr immediate neiphlionrliiiod, ^'ii>ra 
of ibem 5e!f-8iippnrtiiiK. In 180.4he rvinovi<c 
to .Uynyddbach, where ho was agam Vcrysu 



I 



CMttful. Ihiring six ninntlis, in I&^S-O, hu 
•d'1^1 n>i ffwer ttiao tt50 to ibe tovmb^mliiu 
of !k-8. lie died At MvBjddbscu 

Jim uiitilnlied works arc- (nil AVelrih): 
L'OT]ili<:8<LlvftUonnrCliildn!it.'i?. 'lieuoDH 
for Di**fnt,' 3. ■ Memoir of Her. l>ewu 
1W«' ifailu-r of I>r. Abrakatn Koos, ihu on- 
cydupibdiai). 4. 'MtrtDuirofUcv. J. IhLvies, 
AUln-en.' 6. 'Memoir of \it!\: W. EvftHs, 
CwmlliniieU.* 0. •Mtinoirof lift. J.D&Tii*, 
LUnmloM.* 7. A II vmn-lwok. 8. 'TIi.? 
Ootdm extern.' 9. ' Hit' Bujkel (CswoU) 
of Tjnl»«v»!n«l Brv*d.' 10. "Ti-n Svmiuiui' 
(pcwthumoiw). 

[J. T. JonM'd Ofiriadur Djrwirra ffyd^lol, i. 246- 

ata.] R. J. J. 

£VA&'S, Dv\XlEL (1793-1846), Welali 
pool,<:ninm(in1v ciillr^] Dtxir.r. lie oOeredi- 
Qto5, tlisl ia }ilAck Diiiiiel of C^rdi^rao&liire, 
wu bom in 17t)'.' ut Mat-s y Mynii(;L in Xhn 
■Mnth of LliLn\ Ibivti2')l-j-»trail in thnt poiinly. 
Uis Catli«r, DayiJ I^vaua, was a well-to-do 
tanacr, ao<l lie vrim like nwond of thnx* sons. 
Uti WW vclticiil^sl ni Lain[)ttCvr gmnaur 
Acbool under Klit/cr WiUiiuns, nnu Buba^ 
<]Dt>ntly wt-tit tu JiwuM Coll ugt*. Oxford, wberu 
in 1K14 bt> (imc^ied*^ B..V. wilb ■ lliirtl rliuu 
JO d)u«jcs ( Hiiuuur* Itrffifter of Orford, p. 
ISB). Ittf wan i.'t«;I('d to a r<'Ilow»hip in liis 
finlU^e, took bolv ori!cr«,iin(i prowled M.A, 
Ittli, Mid B.lV. JK:;1. TbouHb retoiaing 
bit bllan-shi|>. hr:* ru4i(!<-il nio«tly iu \\'«lc», 
vlieiv be won prizes a1 Kiiileddfodiiu, and bi;- 
csia» famoii* ua u port. Ilia di^yrderly ajid 
imvulur iifo uofc bcni^'bt io a Irngical und 
br bu iijicide O" IW Mitrcb 1&40. He wmi 
bnrifd in llic cburchyard of Fencam^ in 
■rtfavnfliin', tlu-ptuinii nbencobts fainily 
eouM*, nnd wliure tnaiiy of bla relstir<'« 
bun«d. 
innifl l*u'« f!r*t pubtiKhini WcNb piii-rownn 
A abon iwiupbk'l of Lhchiv l>Hff>'^f prtnti^d 
in 1«-''J m AVTV'twilli, anti calM ' Oolw(f 
ar (fjrtwr vr Imldi-won.' Hn n>(it iieiwt! 
in l(*iH ' t'erdii firwrsidd ar y gaiijif,* in 
frtrod Arclido«con Kprnona ' Ccrddi 
' . lr.-f«'rpiuaf.' InlttSIhie 
r'tmbtiahMlBtLlafidoTen 
**>Mii)lun TDardil; tviyrya- 
'*ith ar amrywiol (lf»tniiau h im-almnnl 
II.' A fit-ond ivlition wsapubUidiedal 
LAiDprdT in 1^7 1'. wilji conaidvnble nddi- 
.■..ii.ft, 1 fmm unpiihlishM 
J utiaSectcd stylo 
! iliUof Daniel Dii'« 
popidariiv in 
county. The 
■voM m. til* eollecLion an- of 





[WiUiitma'a Biofiapbteal DtetJoiiary of Kmi- 
nect WeJKlimen. p. 14B; G. Joae*'* Knvogioa 
Sir Aberteifi, p. S9 ; Brit. Ho*. Cat. ; I'ooot's 
Alaroni Oxon.] T. P, T. 

E\'ANP,I)AyrnMl)mKlt(!8l9-lS74), 
finiiTiciut joumulist, ibe &on of Josbun Lloyd 
Eran8 of I.lauiilloi.'*, Monl^miTydliin.', waa 
bom in it*l!>. lltj formed uu L«rly counoc- 
tion with journalism, and )>ecam« Hwi^tant 
city corrciipondcnt on the 'Times,* o po»t 
wlijch be occuptwl W'veral ywitv, and k-(l to 
asjnmc tbe direction of tbf money anii>Ii>« in 
x\v! ' Moriiiu^ IlcTuld ' and ' Standard.' He 
left tho ' Standard' at the ijnd of ]ft72, and 
Ju thu followiugMurrhstartMla paparcallod 
tbe 'Hour,' on wlucb \i» f<pent uij entire 
aujana, being adjudiRnl^xl a bankrupt 10 1X)C. 
1k73. Hie bralth broke down under tira 
strain nf hiK financiAl difficulties, and he died 
on I be morning of 1 Jan. 1674, aged &1. Uo 
woji biirii?d in Abnoy Pork ccinetciT, Stam- 
ford Hill, thv funorul k'lng uttoudwl by a 
targe number of brother jouroaliAts among 
wboui b<i won popular. In addition to hia 
regubir work Evaim wait connvi^l^id with 
SDvenl otliiir commercial and financial ncrio* 
diciibt, among lltt<m b^'iiigthc ' Itaukcrs Mo- 
gaitine,* to which he wax one of the priri<ripnl 
contrihntors, the' Bullioniet.'andttiu '^tock 
Kxchaage Ossette.' He Al<toooni:)uct):id tho 
literary utd etatistical departmenlti of tho 
'Itankcnt' Almanac and Dtnry.' He published 
sevenii b<>ok!t, all bearing on ororiiMngout of 
city airiLiTH, chief Buiong which went: I. 'lliw 
CVimmon-ittl Crifiiis ItU'-B.' 3. ' History 
of the ('iwrnitTi^inl L'tiwit, IfiR?-^, and tlio 
Slock Exchange Tsnir, IWil).' 3. ■ Fiict»f 
FuilurrM, nnd Kreiuls: lCovvlatioDS,l''iDaO(;ial, 
Mt)i-au)lili-, iiniK'riininal,' ]8ij9. 4. 'Specu- 
lative Notei' and Noi.i>b on Spenulation Id««l 
and Kh,u1.' iHSi, 6. 'City M«n nnd City 
Maimers.' He waA tnairied, and left i&suo. 

(Ura of the Tiuo. 8ch «d. (n 3<d; Time*, 
3 Jaa. 1871 ; Standard, B JaiL m\; Brit. Uiu. 
Lib. Cht.] A. V. 

EVANS. EDWAUU {Jt. IHlfi), divine, 
son of a clergyman, was bom al Weet Meon, 
lluuipahiro, in 1673, nnd cducai«d at Win- 
cliester, whence lie matriculnled at. New 
College. Oxford, 10 Oct. loOS, and took tba 
twodngrer^inarl*, B..\.:*7 Nov. IWkS M.A. 
21 Jan. IWJ. He had been admitt^ fellow 
of bis colh-K<.' in Iu9-*i, but resignml in ItX^L 
Ou 23 1>K!. UlOl bti was ineiirnlcd by the 
college to the vicarage of Heckfield, El amp- 
shire, which be resigned in January ItJOt-2. 
Two ycar^ later ibo college prMentttd him 
to tbe vicarage of (.'beitletton, Oxfonlchiro, 
15 Nov. ]iJ04.wlii!r» be remained until 16II>. 
Kvaus, who was ' a notodprMcbarofbid tioD 



■*• -••-'■ 



:vans 



60 



Evans 



in tlu> uniTt^nitv.'publislifd ' Vi-rbuDivrum; 
or, tbe Uajt-Ji l{«!|><irl of UihI's glory. , . . 
Foiire Scnntms [on Ps. xix. '2y 4io, Oxford, 
loir). Ill ihttt yi^ftrW (li>rai not iipptfar tn 
bAVf> been beneficed. 

Wdud hus WTgagly ucrilK-d the mathonlitp 
of Lhuse wnnonn In another Kdwud Evutui, 
who tnuf bora luid vducalvd st Lloarwst, 
Ilenb)|^hsb)r«,c&i4yrfd Oliri»tC1iurch,0][ford, 
in IfiOS vh«n need iH, and gT»diut«d B.A. 
15 Feb. 1W3, 3I.A. iy Marcb IflOB. 

(llniiiiMript tioiM by t'. BltM in a M)|>y of 
Verbft Dienm IB th« Britio^ Ktiwnm; Vtwd's 
AthMMB OuHL (Btim). ii. JG«i Wood's FtwU 
OxoD. (Blin), t. 3»», S17.1 O. U. 

EVAKa,Kl>\VAm>(l71C-179e),Wfl]sh 
poet, wut A ' hard Aoconlinn to tbv ril«« iiimI 
ceromoiiiee of the harda of Britain,' and bifi 
pedigree is traced in otH* unbmken lini to 
tlie ancient I>ruids (JoSKti, Hi.ft. f/ Half, 
jip.'224-e). Hewas pMtorm tbaOld .Meet- 
ing noui<^, Abcrdarv, from ]772 to l7iKi, nud 
ia said to hure'drvol^ bU time faiitifullT 
to bifl rcli^ioiin dntiet, to (bt* satiiifiictioi) of 
■ laigi' niunbur of pi-ople, who attended trota 
the C13UI1U7 from 11 dintanoo of many wilim.' 
He publtalwd: 1. A Welek InmBlatitm of H. 
Bounie'a'OateriiiBm,'I757. S. ' i^o^^V at Ec- 
eleaiaslAs doin* into Wnw bv !''■ K. and Ia-wih 
llopkia,' Bristol, 1707. 3."' Xa Addn-wi de- 
livered biforo lh<' Association of .Ministers at 
Bref Wen, uear Newcastli.' ICmlTiiiwilh two 
Hymn*/ 1776. llis potiicul workti wcr<? col- 
lected and edited bv hix noii. JWoit Kvaiia 
{1778-liSIJ»), lat e^itJou, Mrrlbyr, IWfW; 
l*nd, Mtrtliyr, 1810: 3rd, Merlhvf, 1«I7; 
4lb, Aberdare,lK76. 11- .liwl :;i June 1798, 
liiu day DO wbieb ho bad amuigml 10 muul 
the utlivr barde of the i7hair of ulanorgtui. 

[Church KtMinln of iho Mpntinit IIoiul', .^lier- 
dnrv i June*'* Gairiiidiir l)y wk'i^l'jd^ivl, i. -HO ; 
Yi Ym«Iyoyd.i, Hot. [>, HH.) IL J, J. 

EVANS, ICDWAKM (1789- IS3RJ, prim- 
seller, was boFD in 178t>. and wa« for some 
time II cotnpoHitor in tbn jirintioff-ollice of 
Mt<i*Jirs. Nictinbt tV Son, then of Ited Lion 
Pa«M(;e, Fleet Street, by whom lie wan ad- 
vanced to tlio po« of r^'jidiT. Havinjrsav'-'l 
nouey In- opvued a print »bop, and f^dtiatly 
aoRumulacedancstensiveftlock. Heiskno'«-n 
furhi«*C%t«loguvof u 0.-1 t<.-ciio[i ef Engraved 
Porlmitii, ComprLMUg nearly :A),0(X) Portmita 
of Pereona cotuiectad wilb iLIh Cniiniry,' 
n. d., Sro, publi^hM nt (Ircal. Qoettn -Stri^-I, 
Ijncrdn?' Hin Fif-id.', wUere he died 'Ji Nov. 
I »<*.>, ogi,>d 10. Hix widow, .\nne E. Evsni", 
andiviii, ICdward IMviil, bmtigbl out a second 
volume in ltf53 at No. -1I.K( ^truiid, whither 
the busine«* was rfmi'vwt in thnt year. The 
two volumes profcM to describe about fiAy 



thouMod priau, and form K noet nsefitl 

guide to Kuglisb engraved portrait*. 

J4ia i>ld*-(>! eon, Eunuitn David Kvtss 
(18I8-1UI1()), meittinneil alxive, carried on 
the dbop in the Strand until hli death Uum 
un \h Aug. liHtKJ, ai(ed 4'2. He was BUe- 
c««ded by nia brother and panoar, Albert. 

[Gest. liag. Dcoembar 1»A. mw wt. ir. H 
October IS80. 3nl Mr. tx. 434.) U. R. 1!. 

EVAMS, EVAN (173!-178f>). WebilT 
poetaiidantiquur>',aouMf Jenl(inKrnn«, was 
bora at Cynhawdref, in the paricth of IJvdmd, 
CanliffKiiAliire, on 'M May 17^1. lie r 
ceivedhiseilucAitonat ibe>.'raniinarat'booli 
Yrtrnd Mewng, under the wholiir and puv 
Edward Uiclmrd. Thence hr removed 
OxI'ord, and wiia eiilere<l at Mvrt'in L'uIK 
in 1761. He convej-cd a ftinull fruJiold 
CaTdigaiubLretolii8y'JU]iKt:rbniiberforlOOf.^1 
in or&r to support bim-Hetf m tbf iin.i,r-ir i-.| 
After kaviug Oxford with'iut lakii 
he official*^ ax euntlr ae Ni-wiek, ~- ■■ <t.| 

Towm, Merinnetluhire, at l.lanberix nnd ' 
IJanllechid, Cnnnirtonshire, and at Llan^-airij 
Talhftiarn.lk^nbif^bHhiri'. From nn early 1 
he cultivated poetry, and he wa£ soon itotie 
by l>ewiH Munis tbf ant iijuary. IIedtlj|^iit) 
applied himfvtf to the i^ludy of WcImIi litti 
rutiire, and employed hu lei»iire tiin« 
tratiHCribing ancient Welslt mnnusmpta, 
whicbpurpooebL- villi In! uioiitof the iHtrur 
in WaiBS. At one time he receivetl -lae 
annuitit-* from Hir A^'nlkin Wilbami< W'vni 
and l»r, Warren, when biiliop of St. Dnvid'a 
to eiinble bim to proeecute thwe resenrth* 
Hi.* Hmt publipaiion vm entitU-d 'S>ii 
^^pecimeiuofthePoetryof iheADlteut\\ 
liiirdK, Iranslated mto l!^n|[lidb ; wit 
imtory notes on the hiMorieal pan 
u short account of men and pixel's uhiiI 
by the Bards ; in order to give the 
tome idea of the tastes and teiitimonta 
our Ancfifltora, and tbeir manner of writui, 
London, 17*M, 4to, n'prlnted at Unnidli 
[1802], 8vo. Thi.t worKifnintnl foritKaulln 
a higb t«pntatii)n a» an antiquary and a critic 
and fitmiHlMd (irny wtlb mailer for •omc <~ 
biA most beautiful puelry. In it in it 
u Latin treatise by Evaiia,'I>e Itardifll 
sertntio; in qua nunnulln i)iiu.' nd turuE 
tii^uiiatem ei munut n-i-piciunt, ei ad pr 
eipuoa qui in Cambria Ilortierunt, b^^vtt« 
diaciitkunlnr.' lleneM [lubltrthi'd nn Fii^KiJ 

iHiem, uitv; of estntine r»riiy, mtttlrrl -Th 
MTO of our Country, a poem, with historical 
tiot"% nddre>i«'d to 8ir Walkin W 
Wynn. . . . Bv a Curate fnmi - 
Carmartbeu, l?7i, 8vo. He ale" 
varioiiapiicm* in Wtl«h, which ftt» 
in tbs ' Dyddaawcb Tuoluoidd.' la 



bvans 



6t 



I vans 



I 




fiuMuibM two TuluniM of WVlsli s'.'rni'in*. 
tnu»lalcd fpHta tin- worki' nf Tillui-MHi imJ 
atUor ICntfli*]) (liviiteo. Itt one notice of tiim 
it B fii«iMl that liBvinjr fOfiHod n (fi'eat pnn 
of liii llfi- in lti« (Miltivalivn of Wnkli Utera- 
ture. ' wilJif>m bt-ing able to procuro the 

»I!e«t promoiion in th« chuirii, iii» firti- 

\f- dfJKTti-il Mm, and, lo chiuw AwaT bb 
itionfi, be fell into a babit of drinKinp, 
that n( tiiw^pindured nvrnplnnm uf f1"rnii«>- 
mi-nt.' Tho fact iluit fii> ciiltivaU'd WeUb 
lilrfrntiire is, bowever, of ileelf sulTii-ient I'l 
lurcouDt for bis non-prcfrrmcnt, ii8 th" Wi>lfth 
MvlnrMof cliat pcnixl wer^fonhomn*) part 
KnRliHlimen wbo vrn^ ifpiaranl of Ibc lan- 
gaHgv uf tbocwuuirj-. Paul Pinion, esq., of 
PIWicTn in AnKlcJU^y, allowed liiu towards 
tbi9cloE«of bia lifmuj aiuiuityof 20/., uncoii- 
dition tbat all KvimkV innnuM-ripl* ikhould at 
1it« df«th become lii^ prvipi'rty; and in coaee- 
quenc^ llie wboV colWtioo, ammml.in^ to a 
oundiyd volum**^, wim di'pn.aitf^l in iha FUs- 
^vvD liltrnn', wben* il xtill ivmains, Kvanx 
vnk full and uthli-lic, and of n dark cnni- 
sloiion. Kroni bi* betgbt be obioiued tb(> 
innUc A[iiKll*tion of f'rydydd ITir, or lln- 
* tall poet. n« died ux Cy ribuwdrcf. tlie placv 
ofbtH I'irlh, in Aiipist 17HU, and wn* buried 
in I.Ii'dn'wl ehuivhynrd. TIif* Middcnni;^ of 
bu dvAfli fs».\r riHK In ttntindv fnlM reporttt 
that he died by his own b&nil, or of stnnru- 
tion on a mnunlain. 

The Rer. Panipl Silran Evans, B-R. puln 
Uabed a collection of Evan Evons's miiwl- 
lueou* writine^ imdcir the rille of ' Owaitb 
jf riin-Ii-'dii,' I'.van Kvans (lenan Brydydd 
III '..tr jran 11. Silvnn Eriin*, IM>,, 

(Vi- iiruTaiTvdig gan H. Humpbreya. 

]57tj,' «\". Tbi.* roltime contiiiiw numerouit 
I in Wrlsb, the EHglish poem on 'TUc 
of our Cuuntry,' farly-»ix of Kran»'« 
r». rormllv in Knfflish, ' A Short View of 
Stall) ol* nntniu,' n-jirintud from tlio 
•Orabrian QunrtiTlv Maenjim-,' vol. i., and 
VI EngU.4h tniulation of Ev&ns*a Latin in- 
trmlurlmo lo his intvndnl piiblicJition of the 
WcUb Prriverb*. 

[Iiifonn»ti(in fnin the Rer. Danid f^ilvsc 
F,r«ti»,Tt It . '^ " " -it.rindUioiprapliy.p.lOl : 
Mrvrii'L ■I.'"- :>.136; r]«iDt.Mn];.lTiii. 

jn !■ 'i-i -^ jli'iK.Skvtch uf Etnini'iit 

]:] WilliaiBN** Ki»iin»nt Wohh- 

iri I , .d>'i UfffyddinrthyOymtT, 

pp. 4tK, «:;. lUit, !>lh a.. £35. .137, 672: Cat. of 
PrintnlBoubB iii Itril. Mu«.. NicbnU'a lllattr. of 
Lie T. 100; Nichoia'a Lit. AnwiL ii. 428.1 

T. C. 

"KVANS, EVAN (1804-lR8fJ).eemTany 

'■■-r in \Viil.--< til Kvi?(9 VKfrU NjiyTTOLO, 

«!tt I r, ^ftjt bom at GallillTTidy, 

[J ;Lrdig&nslura,8 March 1801. 




lli!(v»Hmfnc>>dpreacbin^wilbtbeCa1vinUtio 
invthiKlI^ljt in l^J'r; Ik-cuidl- a total alistaini-r 
in 1880, aud inct with iiuicb penificution for 
his advotacyof temporancfl pnnciplwi, which 
wt-rw ni'w in thoi- diivf. In I84j be joined 
the ind(t]i<>ndenta, anrl cnniiniiM a popular 
minieter among tb«m through life. Id 18W 
hf was indiiciNl to omifrrate to Amt^Hca, 
wbithar a duuffbter and seyeral brollt'.'ni and 
tii^t^ri* bad gnn« before bim, taking up bivniii* 
dene at Onkbill, Ohio. In 188L1ieco)lecle(l 
a «niall Webb cbureh in Arkamus, tbe flmt 
in Ibc atato, and coDtinui_-d in cbu^ of it 
until Lis di>atb oa 'J9 Oct. li>m. Uis wife 
difid in Jajmary of tb<' name vear. 

Hie lilomrr worka are : • Ithodd Mara i'w 
PblenI vn ; ' be iiditrd the montblv magaKinn 
cftlWOvfaillPIpnivn;' 'yCyfamcKlOweith- 
ri^lrwdd/ kc, 'JiiJ edit*, lf^-2; H'ofiant 
Parch. 1>. Stwphoniion, HryntoAwr:' 'Ffordd 
Daw vn yCywegraVMor;' '.\thrawiaKh a 
Dyle-fswydd.' beinp livo volumes of iwnnotis, 
I^ mill l5fl6; III? tranftluiwi ■ I>aioni u 
Tbosler iJuw,' hv John Owen, V.V., 1H43; 
'Oorff Dnwinyddta<;tli,' by Dr. Brown of 
Ilnddinglon, 184«') ; ' Cynvdd y Cri*tinn/ by 
Or. (ioodwir, IA47: 'Cwliad a Chwvmn 
PRby<ldiii-^tb,'hyDr.i'l.-miiijf,l.tl3;-Crefydd 
(iyindcithflwl.' bv >rallbiiy* Maiiric*>, 18112; 
he also puWiKbwf ' Ystufell W^ddi, neu All- 
wedd Ddinfi-l v Ni^f-iMd,' h7 llrook.*, trann- 
IfltedbyRev. U'. WiUiams.'TalgBrih, IS45. 

[Cyfuil! yrAelwvd. Mawh 1887; teller from 
onu of tba tana.] B. J. J. 

EVANS, Sir FREDERICK JOIDf 

OWEN (l8Ifi~l8A5), hydrompher, »on of 
John Ethus, master It.X., was born ou.9March 
1815. \}f> enl^rrtl tbo nary a« a s«cond-claH 
volunteer in 1 1^28, After serving in ihoRoeo 
and ibo W inchest ^r he wax trannjernKl in li^9 
to tbo Tbundcr. Captain Richard Owen, and 
fipunt tbn« years in surveying tho cuoeU of 
(!en(ral Ao)Qrica,the DomwaraKivor.nnd tbe 
Bahama banks. Evans EUbeuquontly aervi^l 
in lbi> 3f«dit«rran6an on hoard Iht- CnMonia 
( dagship), Asia, Rapid, Rolla, Dido, and \\'ol- 
ven-np, puwinp tlinmab '-f"' diiTerpnt ranks of 
tltn 'master's line, tlie ollicers lh<'n charg(>d 
wilhtbediili«>flof navigation. InlMl Evans 
wn» appointeii mjwtpr of thi? l-'ly, and for tho 
next tive years be w.ia employed in survey- 
ing the Coral Sen, the great barrier rwf of 
Aiu^tralia, and Tomw Straits. Ihx-tc Jukes, 
tlm geolfigial, waa on board the Flv, and 
wTDio an account of the expe<litton. I^hortly 
aftwr biH ri^turn In Kn^land Kvans marri«o, 
nn Iii Nov. 1^46, Elizabeth Mary, i^ldoat 
daughter of Gaplniu Charles Hall. R.N., of 
Plymouth. 
After a short spell of duty in tbe Isle of 



vvans 



6t 



Evans 



Man, Evuiia n!tuni<s^l, in IB47, in the Ache- 
ron, lo ?Jew ZeaUtul, wlti-ru hv vtm eogiged 
far four vpara in Hun't-'ying tlm MlddwBDd 
giouth IfllAndfl. Diiriag toci Ruuun wat be 
Kfved in the BmIIic, n<v<-iv'tri(; llw ipecul 
tluLiiliA of Sir CharlM Niipi^r for liis sfaftre in 
pilotiiut the fleet ibrouelt tlie AUnd IsV«. 

By iTiis time Kvuns li»d Womc known hj 
[lis Kciuntific qualifi cat ions, and in l^^^& he 
Wft9opi>oitited Mipiftriiiiuudcntof thecotnpiMM 
department of the nary. Hu bad at onoc to 
consider a ditiicult problt^in, the iu« of the 
cotnpaM in iron abiw and armour-clads. It 
was necesBarv to duul with the disnirbiu^: 
HvnipntK nrUini; from tht> iron and the mnf'- 
ii<!ti#ationortlK> ebi[i?. £viiii8,inco-op«nitiuu 
Avitb Ardiilmld Hinilli, F.H.S., aC)C<lm[tliillu^d 
the M.<k sat lAfartorily. He coatrihulcd sovcq 
poriera, all dealiiia with tlw iiiagtict.iNn of 
Bhips, to tlm ' PhiinAnphiriil Tranitactionf) ' uf 
thf Hoyol Society, of which lie wii» t-lKtwl 
a fellow in 1662. 

In li<&8 Kvan»pn>pareda'Ohftrtof Corves 
of I->)U*] Magnetic Inclination,' which wu 
published by the odiuinilty. Lu 1800 bo 
wrote avaliuiblH ' K«|H)rt onCompaAtiUei'ia- 
tions in the Ttoyal 'Savy:' thiB trombi-d of tho 
magnetic charoclvr of thn ran»u> 'mti\ ahipa 
iu Uj>' nn\-y, and also of ibe Great Eaatem 
■teusship. His must importiLiit work wu 
tba ' Admirnlty Mfimial for DeviationB of iho 
CompOM,* of which .Smith and hinuwlf it'ers 
joint editors (1st ed. l^i^, 2nd «d. 1863, 3rd 
od. 1600). A simple account of the suae 
subject was iMued by Kvnnri In 1(^70 u» an 
' ElHtmentarv Manual for I>Qvialions of the 
CompaM.' Theaehftvebecomoitandardtoxt- 
books, having bMblruulatod and adopt4xt by 
all the nuat DUritime nations. 

At a. later dateBvans deTOlcd much at- 
tention to tenrstrial magnetism. He com- 
pibd th^- magtietica) instructions for the ob- 
eervers on board the Challen^r lu 1S72, 
and dtfliverpil a iMTturu on tbo ' MaguHtiiim 
of the Kanh ' to the Royal Oeugmphicol 
Society in 187S. Eviina wa« mads n HtiiflV 
eonunnnder in ISSA, fttaJT-cantain in 1 867, and 
full captain in 167^. In 1605 he wax ap- 
nointed cbief naral auisUnt to the thi>n 
Lydngrapbev lo tbo admirally, Captain 0. JI. 
ItiefaanlK, whom he suocipcded in 1874. Qc 
vaa made C.B. tn 1^73, and K.O.K. in Igtjl. 
]{» was vice-president of tbo Itoval Gc-ogn- 
nhical Society horn 1B70 lo 188], and ptm- 
dflntofthoffvoffraphioBliMtctioiiof th« llntish 
AJnociation io i676. In 1^1 b« coniributt-d 
ft psper to tbo latter bi>dy on 'f)onftiiic or 
Manlirait Discovery from 18.<il to IWl.' 

Aftitr rcsigning^ the post of hydrouriiphor 
in lpi!S4. l^riins woo appinnt^l one of the 
Britifch duli-gatw to Ibe IntematiuiQal Con- 



ference liebl at W II IH^,to1iv 

piime meridian ai. < day. Uc d 

ut bia Teaidtitce, 'Jl i-)tiMarjiil*UcH,i*aiubri( 
SijUJUe, I^udon, -JO D<h-. l&i^\ 

[SnlHTK, 14 Jud- IH^i; ProModioga 
GMffmphirnl Sociotr, Fotmiarr 18BS: Timi 
aZD«ft ISM,] W. J. U. 

EVANS, OEOKGE, D.D. (I630?-ir0i3 

antiqaary,fellowof JesiiHOolIece.f-'ambnda 
bficiime vicar of Xi^w Windsor, and was ii. 
stalled canonijfWiiid&orSOJuly ItKX). H 

rirocccded D.D. at Cambrid»< iu ltiti5 ; w 
iovnM^ 10 St. i^L-UL-t i-lnk. L/^nduu, 10 May 
Ititilt: and was »lao rector of Mitrbaui, llutdc- 
inKbanubire. l{i« son, GeorguKvons, fellow 
of Jfjum i\tl\i^-, Canilmiljifr, Bucc«wd^ bi 
at Bcnet Kink in 1603. He was n frii^n 
and ponvspoudent of Eliae Asbmnle, oni 
mode colh'ctions relaiine lo tho hisioir oL 
St. Gooriie's Chapel, ^\'ii»ilBor, printed in Aab- 
molc's ' Berkshire,' 1710. He died ilU 3Jarcfa 

1701-a. 

[Cooper'a )Umoritd> of Cambridj^e, i. 377; 
Ttfthe sod t)a\u. Annals vt Wiudwr, ii. 81 , 63 : 
AiikiDote'B Berkshire, 1719; KsvMqrt's Ilcper- 
t«ritun,i.9Ifl.] W. W, 

EVANS, Sir GEORGE DE 

(1787-1870), ifeneral, son of George Evi 
airmail laiid(-iiT]ronriHor,wa»bomalMoig 
i7(^. llismotneramaidenQainewa^DelaoT. 
lie joimMl tbe army in India as a volunteer ui 
1606, and received hi« llr«l cootini^on aa 
onsif^ tb4->re in Iho Sjind regiment on 1 Keb. 
1807, Ho ftni Mw MTvics in that year 
ogainiil .'Vmir Khitii and thn I'inibiriit. lutbo 
followinp year hi! served iindt^rMnjor-^reneral 
tbo Hon. Jolin Ab>:rcrumhy in the c^iiLure 
tbe Mniiritiuit, und aavH'iurJiwtliiifaction th 
ho wu promoted lieutenant on I Dn-. 180 
i>irjr)lm Mah-olm took a fancy to him an 
asked bim lo ifo to Pftmia with bis miaMO 
Kvana rpfuHr-it, as be preferred active aervi' 
and on 2*1 Man:h 18W vxchoDffMl into tb 
3rd dra{fQons,tben employed in toe Peniiisulii 
He joined hi-* now regiment before Burijosi 
l>*l5, in lime to h"lp lo cowr the di»astrm. 
retreat from that citv, and accompanied it 
\iif rolli>wi»{r May m tfa'j Duke of Wellin 
loii'sfulvuncr-froni Fr-'nft'lii. H^waswonndi 
at tbu sliirmieb on the Hormasa, which 
cftlcjd t.lif ^irftt baltli! (if ViLTnna, but 
nevenhcletu present at the faArrln, and aft 
wards was employed in a Bl4i^ capacity I 
Sir Geoiy.' Murray to «k«l(:h tho jdomm 
tho Pyrenees. He was present eituer wt' 
his n.-tnmont or in a slaifeiuptoynieiit at l1 
sicgvof Pampeluna, tbo bat i Ic of I In; Pmm 
tht' iiivi^tmcnt orUaTOiiiix,aiid tb«l'mttli3 
Toulouse, and at cac& of the two latter 



nr 

I 




I800J 



I 



I lit; liiul » Iior:!<9 thoC iiiidnr liim. At 
[iiiti>>n iif xhfi war in France he vtb^ 
I to I lio corps scut iindnr tlie cotn>iiiin<l 
oTOtnenl Ro** from WVllinRtnii'? urmy t« 
tin? camsi of ihu L'iiU«d Sutes, u deputy 
i]UAr1«>jriuit5t«r-s>.-Denil.Bti<]dL»Unguish«0nim- 
self f^nUy. Hu luxJ t wo Lureoa Idited nnder 
1^ «t tb^hatlt«of Bladenabarg; a^iz^dtlif 
Con — ' ir-'tise If Wttshinjton with only 
l« ■'. ligiit tiifuitry; was praswot 

■I ;;.- ^;:...i; no B«ltiiBori>, and Anally wu 
tvire ftcrert'Iy woimdud in tbi- u]x*ratioti« 
befoTtt New Oriwiiu in I)ei?t>mbcT 1"I4 and 
January Idlo. It)> rt'dirned to Ktir^iK.<Ju«t 
in tiiii" t" itIn Wellinfflnii'iiiimiTiii H>'lgmni, 
:iw atl ached to the sLafl' at Pic- 



as deputy qiiart^rtnfl'rtfr-gpnir* 
't the 



ft 



ait I 

ni. H'- was onfmpjd at ihc ImhIw of Qualre 
Una and nl Waterloo, wLew Iw* liaJ two 
bonKakilledundiThim.andbe isAaidtohikvo 
bera I h« •■(afl'oftkvr w tio f]*BPV the word for tlo 
or. ".: iifceTalry to charge. Forhis 

p. rficws h«- n-a^ promoted cu|>lniii 

tiitij I !).' ••< !i \Vr*l India n't,'iment on lU Jan. 
1816, tor thftiw in Amnrica major by brcvi-l 
«n 11 May ISl-J, and fur Wnlwriooliful/'iiant- 
colon'^l hy brtTft on IS Jiine lf>l.'i, thus get- 

thne Bicpe in rank in ux mouih«. Ut^ 
«! on tW *uff of 1 hn army of fxrupa- 

aotil il« withdrawal in Itilt), and then 
bving 'inly a Bubstaalivfi cu{)tdiii be went on 
b»lf-pay. 

For orinn- T'-ora Kraoi remained in rclire- 
nu4it, lait in 1^1 bu cama forward m an 
ftdTanL-cd radical n'fomier and was elected 
M.l'. for Rye. lie lost that scat and also 
Wwtminst«r, for whirh Iicxtood iiil.lieaaniA 
iutrml in lK;t:J, hut in May ln3Jt lia triutn- 
phunlty dpfi«led Sir John Cam Ilobliouw, 
»■[)■"* Iind ii(-op[»t<''l tlif ChiltiTn HiinilrfMl* in 
' ' '- ano(i])orlunily 




onl 



ft 



01 - iinhin (?<Midiifl, 

mnd \y I i"- i'>r »* i-slminHlor. lli> 

vra9 !><! ..'I'd in bin parliiimentary 

diilii-*, <vii< [1 :.i May 1S35 G'.-ni^ral Alavn, 
the Spanish auiUniMdor in London, obtained 
th* leavi' of lh<' kiuf and of Lord Mflboump'fl 
minii^ry to mi.^- a forcu of t«n thoiiMind 
in«n in Kn^ilnml f'>r the urtrvice of th« qutyn 
r^fcrnt ttt Hmin, CbriMina, iun>inHt I'uu 
Carlo*, lleoff'-tvil thcoonimi»ndoft!ii.*l'orci', 
which WBA Icnawn m* Lh>i llritiBb Legion, to 
KvvQf, whom hi> had known in Spiiiii wli<-n 
iffi tho Maff of tbr? Jluti' of \\ i'Hinptdn. 
Thon^b thw mrnlrot;-*'!;; wan formally piven 
(MilllJunn ! .idL'W04 (bn:)wn 

in fh*" w^y ' I ;. by I be military 

an' . ui.l «l»ciallyby the 

|>, '. bci haij fixpr^asM hiA 

opcu'l I 111.' n-hrJe «;!««)(», Whun 

Evaiu ' nnd of tho legion at Ban 




S«-baittiiti in Auiltint lB3/i,hv found tbereaolt 
of this disapprobation in the uitir7 uufitnoan 
"if many of t tin men for Btrvico, and he declared 
nt a latftr wrio.1 ihnr 2,*)0 of the 9,(50O 
men whom ne hud under his oonuoand wan 
so crippled by di«ea8t> and intumity tlut thar 
never appeered in the field. Thu Spanbb 
irovinTunont utterly n»glect«d the letfion, and 
Evans rendered gro*t »crrteM in Spain at 
the bend of n corp« which was at uu tim4> 
adranatoly equipped with eitlicr miinilir>n» 
or the aec«cmries of lift-. In Noretnbpr lA.'V^ 
be rai»ed tbe oiege of Bilbun; iu January 
1838 be co-opf^nitvd in Eepartero's aitJM>lc on 
Arlabon ; on /> May I^Hl hi:> niiwd the aief;|:t^ 
uf Son Sebodttan, sfit^r a Rfmo bnule. in 
' which hi- IiiHt ninsty-aerea officetv and fivd 
hundred men out of his force of tiro thoii- 
wind ; on 31 May and 6 and 9 Juuo be r^ 

{iul»i>d tb^ Rereo attoelta of the Carltxt-t on 
lia poiilion ; in ijt^tviQber bu wna driven 
baolt frnm Fuontarabia, and on 1 (Vt. ho 
untirtly dvfviil^nl an itttncU of the CarliRta, 
after n Iwelre hoara' battln, in which he was 
LimM.'lf wounded. Tfaecompoign oflR37 w(i« 
no lesa brilliant. It fipt-nod with a severe 
I defeat nl Ilemani on 16 Mnrrh IKt" ; but in 
I ihri month of -May, in conjunction with iho 
' army under EspartiTfi, lift moro than corn- 
I pennated for this reveree, for on tho 14th h« 
I took Ilpmani, on thf ITth h^ stormed irun, 
I and oQ the 18th captured l-W-ntorabJa. Tn 
! Jnnf. 1837 thr twoyearsfor whicli tlm Vgion 
I bad b<H-n recruitvd expired, and the remnant. 
of the call&ut army wa« lmiH(;ht back to 
England at thu expense nf the Britislifforcm- 
meut. Tht! legion had htiun nyst em all cully 
Btarvad and nt-glocted by the Spanish govera- 
' ment,and yet Evans waa able to boost iu bis 
' piocit iu parliament tlmt. 'no priBouert had 
■ btvn taken frura tho lejpon in nctton, norany 
[larl of itn artill'T)* nr i^oip(i{|ro cnptunid by 
' the Carliata; that thn lefi^on, however, had 
I taken twenty-«wren pieces of artillery from 
th« enemy and made eleven hundred nn« 
Bonem, whom lives wore epored.' This tast 
I Tcmftrk refisra to tbo Cict tiat al! the fortv- 
I teT«Q soldiers of th« h>gioa who fell into tdn 
' bands of tha Oarliata had bnrn put to death 
by th'^m in L-old blw^d. E^-ana'a services werw 
recopnUed bv hi* own nountrr by bis b<<iii(f 
promoted colonel on 10 June tSJl", and bcinff 
i madr a K.(!.Il. in the followinc A iif[ust. Thi) 
queen re^nt nfHpain awnrd<-d him the gr«iu3 
proMm of the oroers of St, Ferdiitoud and of 
Chail.^AllI. 

I In It*) I Evans'a porliameulary cawer waa 
' temporarily checked by th« tory renclion 
j of tliat year, when b'a was defeated for 
< Weftlutiuater by Admiral iltnu, bat in 1^-tS 
' be n^gainod bitsnt and ma promoted major- ] 



Evans 



Evans 



freueml on 9 Nor. in Lhml year. II« was 
Tt^Xectf^ in lSfi2. In 1851 hy wu» pro- 
moUid lieuteuuit-irenvrul, wnd wu wiected 
for tlic cnmniand of the 2nd diviaion of tli« 
amy aeat to the East, At tlio battle of 
ilia Alma hitt diruion wiut nn llie right of 
ths Enfflisli line toucliing Lbe Frencli, nnd 
in l«>dinff it caUantly nrroH tlie rirer to 
the relief of the Itjiihi' diviaion. BTans wm 
MTerdy wtiundt'J iii th»* (tUouIdur. Norrr- 
thelfiM' bn remained vith hi« troopA, and 
repuUed Uie Ruoiui »ortie of 26 June from 
Scbutipn), wliicli was directed n^nnt hU 
linu, in wich a maiuiiT an !■(> wiu the cor- 
dial praise of Ijnrrl Itnglnn. He was then 
invnlidi-d, but Vft hia bod uu board afaip iu 
fiaUcUva harbour on h'iirin(f the firing on 
6 Nov. He w-fisl/yi hifi sonior brigadier, Ge- 
nera] PvntiffatlitT, with hi*, adrirn through- 
out the battle of Inkcrman, though ho would 
not tokt! iht! oouicuaud out of his hiLiiitn. Ho 
soon afti-r i^turncii to Enf^'lnnd, and n'reiTiHi 
thp thaEiks of purliaiiiuit iu his seat in the 
Ilouae of Cfjmmon-i. For hisBPTvicMEranf" 
wa* niiicle a O.C.B. in Jurm 1855, a grand 
officer of the lx((ion of Hrmour, and a Icniffht 
of the tirat cliw* of this ML>djidi« in ihu fol- 
lowing year. He also rwfivisd the honorary 
dagrw of D.CL. from tho unirBreitr of 
Oxford. Ho had been nuida colonel of tlie 
Slat n-fpim-tit, the king's own bortlcrpre, on 
fifl Aug. l^SS, and W»» pR)mot4jd p-npral on 
lOMarch 1801. lie was Kwlectpd for Wpst- 
iniu.tt«r in 1857 and 185!), but retinjd from 

Solit-ical lil'* at the diMolutinn of lftfi5, and 
iwl in London on 9 Jan. IS70, aged 82. 

fTimei, 12 Jan. 1870; 31«n of ihc Tim*; 
Han'* Army Li* ; SnUn'ii History of tho t>i- 
in«ai] War. and ihrt T^Mders of the Host, a liU-lo 
book puUiih*] in 186* by O. Mackay ; for tho 
aen'iccs of tbo BritinliLicsiinin Spain, Ihinotn'd 
llialory flf the BrlthAi Lc^oq : and for hir »er- 
viwi in till' Ccimftfc. Kinglake'n laTaAon of the 
Crimoft. cspvciallT lh» Tohinio on the hsiti* of 
tlieAlma-l H. M. S. 

EVANS, JOHN (d. 17«>, Kahop of 
McAth, yru boni at Puis l)u in tha pariah 
«f LJsnarmon, Camarroiuhire, and educated 
at Jc«ibCoU^[«, Oxford (WlLLia), A John 
Kvans of J«*im Colle^ grsdoatcd aa H.A. 
in 1871. Thfi birth-date 16fi0, RiTen witli- 
tiut authority in Webb'a ' CotnpMiaiiun/ must 
Imi inaccurato. u Evtiu went to India in 
1676 oa one of the oorapany'a chapWna, and 
waa poated to Hngly in Brugal. He was 
afterwards at .Hodroa, and in 1092 -waa one 
nif the minifltera alUcJied to Fort St. Gooi^. 
He had a bad character with tbr nuLboritiML 
ytUo called him 'thf mrirvhant parson' ana 
CUIO tbAt ha UBiMUted intimately with the 



' intpriopt'r*.' The company in akttortoMa- 
dra.<i(lr^ K'h. IttttOnral) fiiro ■ rhei^uondam 
mioiii^r, but late gT^at tnerebant.' aud a year 
lat^r (*2:.'Jun. llK*l-2)#peaknf dtDcontinuing 
luB salary. A letter of his own, datvd Lon- 
don, 1^ April l(Kf8. Mi.iims to show that Uk 
had only rM>enlly lofl India. He then becuati* 
rector nf Llanaelhatarn in hts native county. 
On 4 Jan. 1 702 he was cotuncratcd iHfibnp of 
Uan^r. (tOTvmur I'itl.om* of hiaold init>r- 
loping fri«nd<, jokm upon thi.t appoint mi'nt 
to a letter to Sir E. LittletvcK Madraa, SNov. 
1702). H« w»« a utrcnjt whijj in ^x'litirj*. 
Atlerbury mentions an altercation with him 
in convocation tn June 1 702. Krans mid in 
the nprwr hon»o that .Vtlfrrbury, tho prolo- 
cutor of the lowerbouae, had lied, which ue ex- 
plained on hoi ng challenges! by.'Oi'inp: chat ihit 
pruloculor had loldagri'atuiilruthC^TAXtBT, 
MetnoriuU of Weatmiwihr Abbey (_18(W), p. 
XmJ, wlH're, how\.'vvr, an urruneoua rvfoivaoa 
is eiven). In 171^ he joined Marlboroa|[h 
in fiigning a protest against the peace, which 
wiw onhired to b« (-xpnngisd from the JOU^ 
naU hy f ht> majority. He was translated to 
Meath in January 1715-16 and enthroned on 
3 F«b. following. In Ireland he had a vio- 
lent quarrel with Swift, vrbo, according to 
his own uocouut, had bti.-ni~ivil to ih^btKhoti 
in spite of their political dtfftiP-ncea. Swiil 
refused to attend his viaitation at Larscor, 
and told him to n'mvmbor thai hu wan s|ioiik- 
ini^ to a clergymaa and not to a footman. 
He wa», however, a friend of Bitihop Xicol- 
»on, and nrunn to have twn rriiKtctnd. Ilo 
died at Dublin on 'li March 17:}^-4, and waa 
buried in the oliupchyanl of St. OwrKuS 
Chapol, under s monument upon which )iu> 
widow com mem orated his many virtuea and 
hia twenty years' chaplaincy in India. He 
left 1 .000/' for at! cpiacopal honri.e at .\nlbnO;j] 
can, \\*yi. for t.he rectory of LInnaelhaiari 
the personal estate acquired previotialy 
bis translation to be applied by the gov 
noni of tjueen Anno'a BkAinty for the wn« 
of poor ck-r^y in EngLuid, and that tSXi 
wnrda aciiuired for the benefit of chi 
Mealh. 

[Diary of \V. HtdirM, with illqitrationa fVnm 
manuscript rvcorclf. publuihod by Colonel Tab 
for tha lUklayt .Son«ty. i. 118, 148, 19$, B.g 
cxzz, ocxcvii.iti. p. Ixxia; Le Neve's F^iatiJ 
107: Ci^tton'H Faati, iit. 131; Brovas VTtUG 
SiirtoTof B*iii(OT(174ll.p. 119; Bfaul* Cliar 
of Irt- Liod, ii.30i), 300.397: -Swift'* Wnrka(l814 
x<>i.3fi4. S9'i, 110: Pari. i[i!t.vi. 1143. MmW 
nod'* Lottm (ISO?), p. 525 : Sloona Ma 4C 
f. 322 : aud Addit. MS3. 2.'84B, No. 95. 18« 
f. 'J31, 2a»27. f. 163.aDd IndtnOficfl 0. C. «fl 
4807,nMilainlet(«csqiiatedorpriDtad by Call 
Vol*.] 



Jk^ ■'— -^^^ 



EVAXs, JoirN. D.D. nfisof-ira)). di- 

viuT, *i^n uf John Evans, dv s dBuglit«T of 
Klolourl <!ff mnl, ^\eraoT of Clkceter CaMIc, 
^a^b'imat NVn-\li«i», Ii'iubiclwliire, in 1680 
rtr lt^~9. Hi* gfniii-grantUfttft^r and gnnd- 
ffct-tiT WfiTt BUcM'wivfly rectors of Ppiuigus, 
i>n>emiiir>-, and Iii* fafhcr, who wiw 
-d n't Itulliol Collegp, Oxford, wrb 
nun -HT at Oswejstry, Shrtipuliirp, from l&J?* 
lo U'Jii'2, wh.tn, rrfuMiig to milmcribfi tn the 
Act of Uniformity, he wsa yjertod, aud went 
tn ivside »l. Wrvxliam. Tht'iv li»'»»jic}iown 
luv'liir of the t^oiii^TV^tional cliiirch in IRSA, 
and ooiiiinui*^ his miniiliy till his dettth in 
I7<K). John Erans the Tonnfor wad cdu- 
efttcd Anl at Loadoo under Thomas Itowo, 
and aflerwardi under Richard Frankland at 
IlulhwcU, Yorksihin. On thtr dvath of his 
falJicr h(> wait takfn into Ihc! bouar^hold of a 
Mrs. liont of Boivatlon. Hhroiwbitv. WiiUu 
Urmij ihi-ro )»• ik aiiiil Ui luir«> mul tlio wholn 
of the five folio Toliimpa of Poole's ' Synop- 
■i« ' in I<»tin, and thp works nf nil thf clin»* 
■' ritt-r* of thi' flntt ihn^' pcnturips afl«r 
'. under the tuition of James Owen. 
Ill 1 , IR.' tie WAS ordain«d inini^UT at Wrvs- 
lum, nuil took cluuve of a now cont^n-^iional 
rhiirch ihem till Ii04, when he received an 
invitation to join thu minintrii' in Dublin. 
Hp wa* dtMiuult^d from accejitintr it hv Ur. 
I>iini«l Williams [ji. v.], who. wliilo udviiiin^ 
lum ■'> tity at \Vntxbaui, olfrrnl, riilht-r tlmn 
1^1 him Ii«TP ihe oonnlrr, lo mk-? him at hia 
nuiklant in London. Evnns !j»njiiiu' Wil* 
liAma'^ ojui^tant at. the in^'rtinjf-hnuw in 
yand Alley, Westminater. till the deaih of 
" liania in iri6, when he was ehrt.<cn his 
9r. lit; luid <?on]e ud to London in- 
joiu the independeut«. bill under 
s'a intlufnco finallv thrt-w in hia lot 
->b]t«riao». Ii« W1U nn eloquent 
rpreAcher, and held in hiph e"tr<-ni 
"congnjgntion, who in l7'J'i) built for 
I a turn cliaiiel in New Itro«<I Street, Petty 
incv, NVcitminstiT. For wvvnil yvar% he 
liimr» dny i-vriiing liwtiinrr iit Kalfi-m' 
laod in \7'J'-i 1m* was elected [irvat-hur 
iV'Ut'hnntV iA'cturp at th" >uime ]i1hc<v 
t the same time tht> honorarv dcgn-*; of 
). WIW rnnfernxl on him by t^e iinirer- 
iof KdinbiiT^^h and Aberdeen. Fie fn^ 
■pn-wUMlovOT ]>ublic ordinal ionn, and 
ii]iet!ti-d by hu own aect and otbera 
xirvii hia tolenml viL-w>^. Hu ("ok a 
[iitrl in the .\rian nmlr'>vrt*y, widiiifr 
'•■rtu<i<tl Ki Ki^n the arltcb-s. 
■il a lajy of ivnuid'TBhlii 
Itii, a ilwiif^tiiiT of John Qnirk. an <>jft'ted 
tiatrr, and with Idt foniine nnd his own 
inff* be wiK iiiiliici'<l t<^ •]>eciilale in the 
itii Sea Coapauv. Tbi; wliolv was lout, 
VOL. xmu 



and his later years were troubled by flnan- 
eial ditliciiltieji, which hostwnt.'d his end. It 
wAfi ^nerally beltiMvd that lii« datt^btcr 'waa 
BD heiress, so well did he keep up appearaacee, 
and thotitrh certnin ntcmbersof hiaoiin^ga- 
tion helped him with mfiQer, ihefiaiii^iiof hia 

Hiverty remained swrel till after hi* di^th. 
e died 16 May 1 "^iO fr'jni dropsy and a com- 
id ten! ion of other difordi^rv, anil wan biirii-*) in 
)r. Williaius'fl vmiU in Iluiibitl Fields, llv 
is described »& beiu^ of ' uQcommonly tall 
KtHturp, yft not a lu<Ty man.' 

E\'anfl publiaheil st-venvl iiermon.t deliventtl 
by him on ^iirious nctiwiioD*. Some twentT 
of the»e were iwtied M-parately, hut ho fa 
best known by a seriei entitled 'Practical 
Discouraos conecminp the Christian Temper : 
boin^r -i^ aortuona upon the principal h'jsiL uf 
I*r«clicaIReligion'[4lhed, 17^7), TliLt work, 
a sixth edition of which waapublUbtxlas Utu 
aA I8l2,wasdeclar<-d by I>r.Wfllts) prifnceto 
Bormona) to be 'the mwst complete RUmmarv 
of thwe dutiM which innki- np christian lile 
ptiblialit'd durinnoum^.' Philip Doddrid^'e 
[([.v.], who abtidRed it in hia 'Rise and Pro- 
pn.-**,' thoro descrihea it. aa amonj; llif- bi-et 
practical truaiisQe in our lanfruoge. llis'Sci^ 
motuon various Bubjecta addressed to Young 
Peo|]lu' wasabo ret8«uodml802, witUa tnc- 
mwr of the author bv Dr. J.Erskine. lii addi- 
tion to his sunnona^ie puhlialiMl liissid^of a 
correapindniu^u with t'ummin^, ' [.->ii)cemin|{ 
the regard which oucht to he had to Script ure 
cotlwqiieoci^»'(!^nd. 1 719 nnd i7'J\i): iind il- 
1 iistnitrd with notes the Epiatle tothi^ llnmanA 
fortheNewTestumentConunentory left un- 
finished by flenrv. He alao wrote a number 
of iiitruductiona lor works by his fellow-mini- 
sterp. and edited ' Som« Account of th« Life 
and Writings of J.Owen ' (1700), !!(> had 
furmud lht> plan of writinir a comprelienfivH 
hiatory of no D confirm it y from the Itefnnna- 
tion to thu civil war,au<icolkictcd the nrooa* 
Kan- materiaU at ^ut expenae. II« read, aa 
he beliuved, almost every book in any way 
bi^arinf; on the aiilmTl, and commenrpd to 
writt' out hia work, but he had not finished 
quite a sixth part of the llirew folio volumes 
which it waa to ocrupy, when he vika Dnixeil 
with bia last illness, and the fra^ient wns 
never published. Erana poswAied a yery 
fine library, amounting to ten thousand to- 
luraeji. wliich waa sold by oticlion on htA 
death to maku a proTiNon for his peniiih-w 
widow and dnii);htrr. The catalogue is tlill 
pft-wrved in l*r. WilliJims's Library, Gniftnn 
rftreet, when? then- i* iilao u portrait of him, 
which ho-t b«n enpraved. 

[Ilarriii'B FiaUhtng tlio Christian Conrw, a 
fniirrxl sannoft pn^nrhMl on the death uf John 
Eraas, 1730 ; Krskioo'a Itrisf Acoooot of John 

V 



Evans 



66 



Evans 



Eniis, D.I>.. Gdiobnrgb, 1803; Wilsnn'a U»t. 
«f IHtMAtinfc ChuKlioa. ii. 2I2-:!I : Wiltmna'a 
Kiiiment WeJaltmon, p. Ifil ; NmI'h Hiat. of llio 
PariUuu (el. 1622), L xut; Noble's BtoK, IlUt. 
of EngUnH, Hi. Ufi.j A. V. 

EVANS, JOHX (I603?-1734P), actor, 
C4ia&iio<l bn purfoniuiiicKA to Irelaud. Hh 
Beeaa in lisrc hud n ^linre in the maoage- 
tnont of Smock Ahvy Tlientre with Tbonua 
KIriiigloB [q. v.] and UriHtth. Tlie onlj 
chamcten assoclatud with hU nanio are At- 
cibiades in "Hcion oF Athvn«,' ^liwlwell'^ 
alteration from Slulcetipeare: and Li<^iitJ>nnnt 
Story ID "The Oommittw, or the Faithtui 
Irii^an/ofSlrRobenHoward. ThMoworo 
plaved about 1716. Evans bad a good voic« 
and jufit doliTcry, and traa on actor in n- 

aueet. llu wa«, however, vorpuluut aud iu- 
ulfiut. Pl&yiag at Cork 'in tbe last ^«ar 
of tbe Kizn of QuwD Anne,' bo woe invited 
by Bomf oificfm tlii>n on duty in a lax-era, 
Tvhare bw propoHi-d tbo health of thn ijuoftn. 
This involved him in a quarrol with an olFicvr 
of Jacobii« view*. In « due! wbtch followwJ 
Kvaiiji disarmed bis adversary, t'pos bis 
mtum to Dublin Kvans found tliut the quitr- 
r«l hud bwu uiarcprcifiutiled, aud that bo wiu 
bald U* haw iiuulttol the anny. I'ermissiou 
to continue tho play 'Tim Rival Qumns'waa 
reAised until KvtuiHliiidtipologiMKii. 'lliifthw 
wftB Vflry Tfilnctantlv cnmpoll^ to dn. One 
of the malcnnti-nta biddiiitfliiin kii«r>l, Rvaiis 
n-tort/'cl, ■ Xn, yoii nwaal, Til knt^l to aonfl 
bat Godandmyquiwu.' TW iiilJiir wiM^aftvr- 
ward^ arraiig<^. 11 il.c1ic(K:lE i^iniply speaka 
of Uim as 'a Mr. Kvnns.' Accnrdiup to 
[lh*twood. thrye years lal«r than Iht' abovA 
ini'itlti'nl, Evanii wtint to tbe theatre la Lin- 
coln '-t Inn Fiolds, and on the journey bark to 
Ireland was taken ill of a fvver at Whit- 
cburcb, lShriip>hire, whence be was carried 
fnr better odvic* to Chcstor and there died, 
in tbo furtv-fintt vcar of his life. »nd wai pri- 
vfltfdy buried in the catbedmt without monu- 
mcnt or iiiM-ription. theta ihXc*, no un- 
usual thinK with Chetwood, are irracondl- 
iiblf with what is olsewbare aaid coacenung 
Evans. 

[GeaMl'aAecmotoftheEDgliBhRtazo: Ch*t' 
wwtd'a Ooaanl HiM. of tbe Stage; BilfKcock'H 
Irish Sta««.l }■ K. 

EVANS, JOHX (A 1779), curate of 
Portamoutb, was bom at Sleini Gwyoioo, 
LUnnrtb, Cardi|;&Dshiro, and war (slucatMl 
at Ojtford. His firit curacy was tbal of 
Lhuiartb, whence he removed to Port.^oiout h. 
Tbe author of thu ' WvUi Hiblio^mphy ' imp- 
potted bim III bave keen the loan Kvons who 
tranAlaldd Dr. Jabci EarluN * Muditatiuna on 
the Saoismi.-aU,* 1730; bis ' Hanuoiiy of ihv 



Foiii'Ooniels'wAapabliAhcd in \7iA. _ 
was th« first work published in AVeUb toi 
pound anr portion of tho IIili1<-, l-orne^ '<fti^<'n 
ymn earlier than that of I'eter WiliiuniB^ 
He ii auppoaod to have «m:'1i tbniut^h tl 
protfs tbe Wdsb bible of 17*!i> frnvrm tdm 
Band oopio*)) be inui^latH I 
'Cbrt«tiBnIu«tituttx>,'I77^. .. u 

of tbe ' Harmony' vvaa ]iubli>l4oi iu iOi^. 

[fiwyauiaydd'n Bliwogion Cetvdi^nn ; RjiW* 
lflit;lti's Wplnh BibUogTapby; Dr.RMftV ETiat. <" 
NoQcoufurmiiy in Walaa.] IL 7, J. ' 

EVANS, JOifN <I7fl7-182r), bipi: 
minister, wna Imni at Usk in Montnouchuif 
;; Oct. 1707. He (raced his de«<:-?Ml.thr 
an alraoHt unbroken lin--'' '■"•-■ j.-.."i.-*«J 
from ThoniiLs Evan«, v. 
JfaesmjTii* in Brcckno, :, 
durine th« Couimonwi^lt b (JosJ>. tir.k- 
nodtJAirf, vol. it. pt. i. p. ^84/. AflT miil 
svhooliux at Urietol be becnma a Btii^ 
in November 178S in the baptiitt 
in that town, oviT which his rulacii 
Cftli-b Kvanx, then prwitlfsl as thw 
tutor. During parr, of bis sur Robert 
[q, v.] w»s Lis classical tutor. In IT** 
was murricalat^l at King'* Collar, ."^ 
deen, whence be proceeded in I7uO 1 
univiTtity of Edinuurj^h. llnvinL: iitke^ 
di^'ri;i; nr.M.A. be returned in June 17!)! 
Knvland, mid in tbe same year ac(-v|itiil an 
invitation frum the muminj^ L-ongT>-;,iition of 
llfifwrnl I>iipli*l» ill WorMbiji Sinful, t^ititl'. 
where, after nUiciatin^ a few montfa.«, hc' 
C-lii>>en iinftlnr aiiil ordained !)1 Mny 17^ 
'This, bw first, proved his only piv^ioral ii 
Kngem-'nt/ writee bis biocmpher, -miul 
tblrtv-fivi' yiwrs of «nint»Tnij>t<'d harmoc 
tenninatttd but with bis rLsbttinre.' Inn 
dtately on bisttssumingthisofbo* Ei-aas pul 
lisbi-d * An .\ddroas humbly desired to 
mote tbt? iCevival of Keli^^on, more mi 
ally amnni; the General Baptists,' H 
Londi.7n, ITfr't, Two years later be rpra? 
a school, tiKt at Iloxlon t^mm- uid suIk 
quoully at 7 i'uUin'i; Row, IslincLon, whi 
bi'tautcbt with. -luecviM for ntrOMt thirty yrmi; 
In 1815 he was attacki?d with a con ' ' 
tliat deprivod bim of tli>.> iiw of hie 
during th<> remainderof binlife. In U 
received tho di>(;rw of LL.D, from 
ITnivcTMty in Uhod'? Ishind, and in th« i 
yoBr be bsued bis ' .Memoir!) of the Lifu and 
Writiiifia of iLb Kev. Willj^m Iticluirt 
Lh-D., of Lynn . . . wilb^uiin' account' 
tlw l{ev. ICoffer Williams, f.mmhr of ll 
Static of Ubouo Iifliind,'li?mo, London. l^H 
Iu IS'IT) be resticned hi* school, luivlng ii I> 
lA-Jl I'Mt hi^ third »m, Cateh, who ha>l bi<< 
bia inlvadvd lucovMor ((•€»/, Mag. \kA.: 




ft, ii. p. 673^. AUbouf^ obliged to be ear- 
riirl frum bu couob lo tb« pulpit, tin con- 
tiniiMl Id prearh until a few we^ki hefow 
"»w dcttlh lit JUliaRt<ni, 55 Jan. 1>*"J7. In 
Lu;^iAi 17M hn miirri>-«] Mnrr, <1ftii;^liCvr 
'J<t1in Wicbe, for nearlyhalf a century ge- 
n-'fnl bnpt)9t minister at Moidatoae. I'ltrra 
«ou9 survived him. Uo h i%pr<>»;nti.^ ax 
bviny on umiablv, li l((>nil-miuaeil man, of 
gra&t pT!nf>ral information. In lbU3 be wu 
»I«cI<m1 n f»II.)w of the Sociwty of Autiu^iu- 
Si*, but withdrew ui I82o. A portrait of 
ibyWi^odman.uccomjiniiiu&bli' Tracts, 
, and l-'um-ml Dr.il i'>ni>, piililiiihod 
1~1>5 Olid 1825, and tiix new ])t»- 
ooanM,' Hvo, Ixmion, IS2(I. 

Evmnfl'e writings, Aimo frirty in niimhiT, 
c>na|>ri«t- f>erm(>n», tracts, prefaces, bio^rrapbi- 
cal luul topi i^Apbic4l noticos. and ecliool- 
books. The ' Stieicli »f lint IVmumiiiutiuiitt 
of the Christian Wnrld * Grfit appc«n>(l in tbo 
bn^aniug of 1795 in tbt: foim of a sluUing , 
imphlct, l:hDo, London. I(« rapid ml^ i 
]It<d for u Bocond Miilioo in Jul; of lh<^ 
yrar, and during a iii<ri(id of about. 
iiinr yvara fourteen sncoeasive edition; vn^nh 
irrolaltyl ; n fiflweotb edition bad bwa com- 
ptried liy the author immediotftly biifori? hi« 
i«t ilttir.u, Th« boolc was tronftlated into 
Vt-l«lt. Itimo, M.>rtb}TTjdfil,IH(lrt, and into i 
arioiu Kurcp^uu Iiineua^it, whilv »(.*vi;ml ' 
''"'"Uti ytvrv i*^ucd in Aiuoricn, the lirst ■ 
fnppi.>ar<>dallWlou,]2mo,1607. Inhis 
lion of the fourtt^entl] i«ililion to Lord 
!<■. ICvaof i<tnt4.vl thai. allhDUijh ft hun- ' 
, tbouMind coplcH bikil I h<.-n In-^-n »old, b« 
ivlwith iJiBComriftht for lOA.buthe 
LiuMcirbf r»^f!ccEinK that lbi»popu- 
ilr of Iho book WAK duf* l<i iu ftrict im- 
unlitT, A sequel lo the *Ski-t<!b' titw i 
A Pri-M^rvntivc Hznin*! the Infidulily and ' 
*n<'Jiariiablen<>8sof th»t Kightcpnth Ccntntj- ; ! 
r, Ti-iitimonip* in bebnlf of Obnitlian (,'nn- 
aurudrnnnimiiTrbrDiTinodoftheC'bnrch 
l^iplanO, of the Kirk of 8«Dtluid, and 
)f[ t\w Prot^Atant Lisscjilon' (an (mmt 
iif riifbl of private judgment prefixed), 
rfl«; ;jrd Mit., 'Tbn (iold.-w Centi^ary," 
iJiBO, 1.4)ndun, ISOO. Ol her works are : 
'An Al.1-<-iupt tnacCDiint for fh*- Intidelity 
Mr. Gibbon, fonndi'd on bU own 
. . Inrlndini; on Acmiint of the 
,u and Ih'alh nf tbc llif^ht linn. 
.IjorJLjtiolloii.'Svo, Lond<)n[1797]. 
EuMf on thL< hMutriition of Voulh,' 
(l^ndoD, ITVtH; :;iid fdii., VJmr), Lon- 
8, 'Tbi- ,hiv«iii]i> TouHkI; iir, 
throuKb Toriuu* jmrU of flreal 
lii'trnr-i! ivitli Mnit!!, ... In a 
"■Brir- lt.'ni>i, l^ndon. 1M<>1. 

4. T ,,in«; lilmo, 180.^ L'nd 



Smkitic 



Ddit.,3rots.,l2mo, Worthing, 1814. 5. 'Gena- 
ral Rxdt! mill ion iha only prup^r BiiMiKof Qrne- 
ral rtt-'nevnlfiupe; aLettiT to Robert Hawki^, 
I>.D.,' ftvo, London, 1809; 3:..! edit., • with 
/ininiftdvoriiioiis on the '■ Eclectic ll«;view,'" 
&V0, London [18091 6. 'Complete lieligioos 
LiWrty Vindicaloai* on tbc ptMition for tha 
abolition of all peu&l«tiiiuies of tho diastmt- 
tiig mtniftten of I^udon and Wv^lniiuHter, 
Feb. 2, lyia,8vo, London, 1813; i'nd edit, in 
tlm suDo rwr. 7. 'An J''KcuT>iou to Wiiid- 
■or;' to wbirb in added, * A Journal of a Trip 
to Porid, by bi« son, John Kvuusjun., M..\.,' 
12rao, liOndon, 1817. 8. 'Tin' ('bruliimity 
of Tbo New Tefltoment Impreiirnable and Im- 
perishable ; an Address occasinmil by the trial 
of U. CftriiKV f*vo, London, 1^19. 9. ' lt«- 
crwlioiiior the Young and Old. An Excur- 
sion to Brighton, ... a Visit Co Tunbridge 
Wi'lLi. and a Trip lo Soutbtnd. In a iivt'u.-% 
of !.flti?ni,' Ac, \'2ran, Cbwwick, l?*21. 
10. 'Ridimoud and its ^'icinity; with a 
OI»ncpnlTwirki'nham,Stmwb<Try Ifill, and 
Hampton Court,' liimu, Kifhmond, 1824; 
2nd edit, llimo, Uiobraond, 1S:*S. John 
Evnn*. the son, grailunt^-d M,,\- at Edin- 
burgh, and wrot« be«id.'!t tin? ' JuunuU ' (»to 
No. 7 obovi) pft|>^TH in the •Ptiiloaiphii'-ol 
Miii^zino' on L;uidin^ balloons ibmn^fb the 
ariu(u<|th>T« (xlvi. y^l-i), on (u-rial navi- 
^tinn f.tlvii. 429-31), and on a mt^lbod of 
naming rooU of cuhva under t«n figure* (li. 
413-1). 

[ AoniuJ Bio^rmphv and Obitnary, xii. 83-93 ; 
Gent. Mag. vol. xi-vli. pi- 1. pp. 369-71 ; Wil- 
liams'sUtogmphiciil Ifii't.of Kmiinint Welshmen, 
1842. pp. 132-3 ; Lfiris* Hi!.!, uf lIid P«ri»h uf 
St. Mary, laliticton, pp. LAS, 319; AUibone's 
Dirt., i. MA; Kiogr. Diet, uf Living Authon, 

laio.l 0. O. 

EVANS, JOilN C1774-182S), printer, « 
nntivoof Ilri»tol,waa bapiiaed at St. Philip'n 
Cburcb, Pristol, 16 Jan. 1774. At various 
periods of bis life he wtui Minci^rned in 
printing And editing moru than one ni-ws- 

fapur in that city,nniongoih.T«Ib«' ItHolol 
tbserveTj'n vrceklv journal, which, starl"*!! 
inJauiiar>- IJJ19. CoUapwl 1 Ort. lS2;i,flft.;r 
S2'2 miinbi'rs bad bf>'>n piibli.*beil, Karty in 
1 WS he k'ft ikimol for the purpose of pntj-r^ 
ing into some engagement with a printer 
namedMauriot!,ofFLiichurch:jtreet, London, 
who was also principal pmpnetor of tha 
newly ftw5l«i llnin«wick Theatre in WpU 
StT'ft,Wi'UclQfeS(|iijin'. Kvanft wftskilledby 
tlu-Audden follinfr of th«lheffltrp on till' morn- 
ing of SH Feb. I82i*.whvn in bi« fifty-fifth 
vwir. Hr ba*l become a widoweronlya ft>w 
wo<>ks tiel'ore, and bift. two dsughten and n 
son. Uewasmitborof; 1. ' Practical MlH«r- 

V '2 



Evans 



68 



Evans 



vktions on liu> dne perfomumtfft nf Psklmody. 
M'itb a abort jKMtKriDt on the Freaent Stato 
of Vocal Mitsic in miiit Dcpunnn-ntV Hto, 
BriMol. 1823. 2. ' A Chronol^cal Outline 
oTttiH UiAlory of Bristol, rdJ tht< StrangiVi 
Ouiilt' tliruiiffh iu Strvt;t« Kud Nt^ig'bbour- 
hood,' firo, lymilaa, iy:i4, a aiorvliouse of 
Mttertftining fsct». At p. 827 ofthis misL'ct- 
liuiT will U! fouiiil n li«t uf EviiDitV contri- 
liiitioiui to the ' Urislol Observer.' Some 
•necdotea by Etuis of WUliata Combe np- 
pear in (ho 'OwitlrmanV Magnunt-,' IH*>3, 
li. 18A. 

[FvlixPaHe/iBriftol Joanial.8Hareli 1838; 
Qcitt. MiMC. vol. imii. pt. i. pp. 2M, 374-0: 
Chn>nolci|>ical Ouliino of th* ilid. of Bristol, 
pp. 32C-8.1 G. G. 

EVANS, JOirX (A. \8SS), mifoollaamiia 
wrilvr, a natire of Driatol, kept a wbool in 
tLat city for MTcrol ycara, tirst nc Lovi>r 
Piirk Ity'w.nnii afturwardf (by October 1818) 
at Kiiigadown. During pirt of tho time he 
ofliciated nsn proebvttTiaa minietiTat SEarEli- 
fipU in 01oiiclwl«r>Jiin?, Hv Mviritually re- 
moved to London, whf>i^ hf> had a Bchool 
in Euiilon Squiuv. There be died in 1KJ2 
(Omt. Mm. Tol. cii. pt. i. p[i. 372-3, fiOI ; 
nrefaces to nis works). U(^«iae6 Bome Bcbool- 
boolia EvaiM wroTv : 1 . ' An Omt ion on the 
Doctrine of ITiiloaojibical NwoasJiy con- 
sidered ill rtft-rcncc to ita Tt-ndcnov.' Bto, 
1809. 2. 'Tbu fondiTer.a aerie* of EsMje: 
lliograpliical, Litwrary, Moral, and t'ritipal ' 
(originjilly pulilixhud in ibo 'BriilKh Mor- 
Curj-'),l2mo, London, Bri*'loUp'''H«d),l«12; 
ftiioihi^r t-dit., 'Eswiys,' l:2mo. London, 1810. 
3. 'Th"l*irtiir.-yfB'ri»lol;. .. iwcludiofrBio- 
KnipMcalNotircHof Kminent Nftlivt'.i.'lSmo, 
Tirislol. \U\\ I'ndedit. I2tn-), Hnslol. 1SI8. 
An alirn!piitnl, itntitli-ii ' Thu New fJiiid'.', 
orPirtiimof Brifltnl, with HifilnriealandKio- 
graphicffl Notices,' wo* piibli'Iied na n. ' third 
oditKin/ Rro, Bristol (18ir>?). Tho hi^toricnl 
ftccoimt of tlw church of Si, Miiry It^clilU' 
appearod in n Kparnio form, l^mo, Rriatol, 
lolS. Evans aUo odited, with u iiivmotr, 
llw 'Rj^niains' of William K«ed of Thom- 
bnry, t^vo, London, 181.^, and compileil lbi> 
fu^vinil Tolumi" of ' The llUtory of^ lirintnl,' 
tto, BnVtol, ISIO. the lirsl volume of which 
FM written h\- John (>)rrT [ij. v.] 

Kvans is t« b« di.ttiiifrniiilii'd ifrom Joiit 
Ev,is« {Jl. 1'^I2), probablr wn ot'Ut'njamiu 
Erana of Lydm-y. i;ioni-i-(ir.'r^hir'>, n olfrcy- 
man of tht^ e8lnblisbnit>itl, who niairiculiitvd 
4Aprill7Hll.n(^l'JI,BtJemsColl('j[i.',Oxron!, 
.and proceeded U.A. 1792 (Kostek, Alumni 
Ojon. ii. 2H). lie wannuthorof; I. ' A Tour 
tlunughpnn ofNnrtbWuh^inih** viir?7tW;, 
and at otli«r times; priucipallj- uudvrtaktiD 



with a v'unt to Botanical R«»earQh«s in tkaL 
alpinu country; int«n>pt<nwd with Ob»*rva-^ 
ttons on ita Sc^nprr, Afrrinillur^, ^[a^l1fa 
liirw.&c..*8vo,Lond.,.D,l^*00; Sudedit. evfl 
Ijfindon, lf*02 ; ard edit. 8to. I.ondon, It^H 

2. 'Leilers written diiring a Tour tlirou^ _ 
Smith Wales in l)tv vrar li^S and at othtr 
tim«fl . , , ooniainitu \'iewn of the Hi»- 
lory, Antiquitiea, and V'uktuui* of Hint |<a 
of the Prinnpality,' &i'., ^to, London, IHiJ 

3. 'Moiimoutli^liiru'invol. xi. oTBrttyk'n 
Ilrilton's ' Ileauties of KiiKlaiid anil Wnlr 
8to, London, 1*10. 4. 'Nortli W8bfs,'(Jvo," 
London, 1812, Wing vol. xrii. of tli*> unw 
series. At the timw of hi^ la^ puhltrarioa 
(April 1812) Bvanswa* r»«idinpat IM.iocy 
Plwe, Camden Town, Lindon. Hr hail ii 
tended to write the acoi'iiit of South Wale 
for the ' B«auti».' bnt dii-d shortly nrter tin 
oomplctionof ihetlr*! part ofhi't uudrnakinir 
(ItniM, preface to '.South Wales,' Beautit 
(/Suffiand and Waits, roL xviii.) 

[Anlhnritiwna aboret] 0. < 

KVANS. JOHN, OF Liwrwnoi 

{1779-1847), Widsh mpthodi^t, vriw bom at 
Cwmgwon, Ppncadcr. in Cnrmarthenehii^*, 
in October 17714. His nnrpnta cnve him a 
religioits education, and he could md ht» 
bible when be was four. He wai wmt to 
the beat mIiodIs within reach, and under one 
Jones of Maesnoni he it suppose to haw 
Immml Lntin, GrLidt, and tlebn'w. A» a 
boT ht> oftfrti pr»acbed without bean-ra. 
Ills pnrrntj woTv nembcra, nnd hiii farbera^ 
dejiirnn, of the ind'-p^Tidrmt church at P« 
cader. At thfl okh of fourteen he was 
lo hear Jones of Llnui^n, one of the 
mi'l.fa<M]i>t prt-arbrrH nf thi- day. At iii«tp»'ti 
when ht3 hithi^r hatl failed lo tnaki.' an it 
dtfpendent of him, ho Joined the Cahinisli 
methodtsti. .\l nini>t*>cn he wriit (o tl 
Pwabyterinn Collefje, Camanhfn, but soon 
left, nlthoiifrh his tutor tfaoufrht hifhly oT 
him. At tweiity-ninv he rvceivfd uv«con'i 
orders, alter examinittion. at tht haudft 
Wut»on. bishoi) of Llaudall*. il>.' hold evrur 
ciiraciwi in Hui'-Ctufticin. biii for -thorl peHoiL 
and wherever be went be filled theehurchc 
Hivat optKviition wna ruiiiil br M>n)i' iftaini 
hi? ' mctnndiKl ic way^.* Ilia lo-it rtinicy ' 
at I.lendilowror. Ilncnuldnot confine hit 
wlf to bis own church, nnd ''' •■ fr-:\fli 
off tombiitou«M tu orowdvd i lU 

soon found, however,! hat tht-i j.,- 
wutfno iiropur pbtccfor him. Hud It I] 

lo hi» old IrifiidM ihi- (JHlviiiiilii' ni- 
though hr' prea<'hed iilso nmoQh* the tiapti" 
or contEr>>^tiunnItHt.<, and he wiutuverTwhi'r 
welcime and cv.'rrwhcre fiUiiwfsi hv ai 
adtoiriog multitude. Evans had an iui[Hiuad 



[ntanc*, an mtelli^nt couuTenAncCf mid 
«>uit«ouBmftniiBrt. Hv had a muaicsJ voice, 
and gavv tlw imiiruiwiou of sincere reliffioiu 
feelinfT. Th. I>evriB Kdwurdtf {TraetMdau 
JJe/tffddol, p. S:^'>) 'ui.V" liio uae distiuguiabing 
m»tk was mret'iitncM^. 
^^ Aa he sdvaiirad in yt'or* hf bi^cttinn inucK 
^V'troublLtl with iii^lAnclioliA.AndHnmutitneslii] 
kad U> be fetcbed Iroui liia bi.<d to hia pulpgi 
dutiet. IlediedoHiNoT. !R47. Itr. Klwnnl* 
dE-scribcs him M otu! of the greabest of WeUL 
pniocbon. 

I^J. T. Johm'* Oeiriftdor BywqroflytlflrtT. i. 
332-4; Pr. L. Edwiinl-'« Trantho.I:ui I.fnnvriaol, 
fip,S10-26; Mdinoir by tho Rpv.T. J. Williiinif. 

3ijddr>i.j R. J.J. 

EVANS, JOHN (ISU-18r5), botter 
known Oil 1. 1). Fi'UAXD, Wi'leli pHil and (."al- 
viaietic motlitKlint miniMli'r, woa borti at Ty 
Mawr, Llaiueontfrraid jn NgUonwy. >'nclli 
WalM.l'aJuIvlSll. At tlii'.i4r<iftf»ixt«-nh.- 
pul>lis!i^d q' lliston* of I ho Ji?Wfi' in \Velfili,iii 
tvruDljr-oue bis ' UtfyrwRli IWligyn OUmui 
Comry,' a volume of iKx-trr. Mnrh nf liU 
later worlt wii« of a fugilivw chiiraeler, con- 
Irtltiitiniiii of ])r>M« aiiil wne to tho poriudicnl 
literature of the Jjiv. Ho wim known for 
Dianyri'an* *» a. n-gitlar coutrihiitor of n ra<^y 
lettiT to the * BaniT,' under llio nami; of Adda 
' Joae». A writw in llm ' Gwjddiinindur' (the 
[ "SVeLth Cyclrtpiedin) a»yn that many of the k't- 
I tefM rvmind one of Aduson's' Baaayv ' in their 
'livelinBsa,wil,iin'l inffenioiis M&sonincf!!. ITe 
flCrikes tue opponcni till he groans, and at tbs 
•ame limeticklM him till b<^ latiglw, and tbo 
reader is ainu««rd uud tnsl niL-ted. lie rrans- 
Intd Young'it ' Night Thnuj^hts ' and Milton's 
'Partdise Loet' ^xxxvi. 416, nn dat^!)- It ia 
on thia laat bia reputiiiiuu will chivtly r«rtl, 
and it ha* rwvivM hi^th praisp in I>r. Lf_-wi8 
KdwapdB'fi'TrwfthodiiuUt'iiyddo.1." Dr.W.O. 
Ptighe bod nlnwwiy tnunliit'-d th<' ' I'arsilisf 
IxMt' into Wpliili. hut iht' dwi'irs WVlsli 

IWM »o artificial that it ww ncvfir tniirh n-nd. 
£vanA died 4 \fart;h lS7fi, untl hin romains 
■wure iulemwl in ibe Wrying-ground of bis 
native parish, 10 March. 



1 

I 



I [A Critical Esaay oa th» Lifo and Work of 
LJ. D. f frajd In thi lietiin»D for Marvh ISSS.I 

R.J.1 



EVANS, LEWIS (Jl. l--,74), conlmvw- 
alolist, n native of Monmoiitlwhirf, waa edu- 
cuu^da[Oxford, apparently at C'hrtftt Church, 
where be proceeded It. A. 15>')4, il.\. 1557, 
and B.D. l-VJ-J (OW*. Umv. lUa. Oxt Hist. 
poc. i. 2:;:(, lilS). He aflerwaroa nrooved to 
I Ijondon. where hii- icnl iu the Roman cnthuliu 
Ici^Utiti hrtiughl. him iiilij trijiihlf with Bii<hi>|> 
i flrindal, and he was forced m fly the cnuni nr. 
I Mn (Mettled al AoLwQTp, and occupied hinuclf 




to Iranslsliog the 'Tahulm vigt^ntium . . . 
hipnweoii'ofWillL'in van di'rLindt, bishop of 
Rof rmniul, into English . Thl* hi? published at 
jViitwerp in lotio, with the title ' The Betray- 
ing of I Ke BMritlineaa of the llcrctica,' l^mo, 
and adtiBaataddnastoGtiudal. Venturing 
back to London he waathrown into prison, but 
being aftiTwardit rocoticilud tu the t-hurtJi of 
Hnj;landby Mime of hiBfriemlf, 'did, tuahrw 
bis kcqL fort h« love he had to il.writeaHd pub- 
lish a huok a« full of ill Iciu^uai^ agaitist tlie 
lioman catholics a« lilt- othiTwiix full of good 
for them,* onlilled 'Ihn Cfiatlo of Christiwi- 
iliw, dHiWling tli» longt-rring (tstatii, a«VTeU 
of iliij Romaini? Church, bh of the Urahop of 
Ramu: togel her with the IJeffrnca of theCa- 
rholigue Faith,' Svo, London, lo6S. In de- 
dicating hi» treatise to the nueeii he wriCua: 
'I my solfo h&uu once dninKe (beforo vour 
Uaieatius gr«at clftm>uuvie I vouhiiau) of the 
puddell of ignorancT, of the mudd>! of ido- 
lutriv, of lliv poode of GiiperKtition, of the 
lake i>f self will, l)liiidHm-iu«^, diKobodienor, & 
obslina^ue.' It ia nut Eurpming that the 
howtc gnvo gTval. oIIV'hix' to th« Roman catho- 
lics, who repnrtwl that Evans, tn M^fi hln own 
worde, 'had reuolted from the Gospell, & 
wft» agaym^ goniic U'vondt- the Bcn*.' Thuc 
reports beinR constanlty told to Evan.<t while 
hi! was staying at Oxford, ' not by any mean 
luil. hut by the leaniii^l,' be found uii n.-iu:h- 
ing London 'bovve yt vvaa in the moutbes 
of manyo, that lievviudeitda.' Hethercupon 
puhliahwl a utill inom rinilvnt nttack on the 
church of Home, whiiihheentitlfld 'The Hate- 
full H^-pncriBiu and Rebellion of t ho Romishe 
PrelftCie,' I2mo, Ijondon, lfi7l>. Kvans wrote 
also: 1. ' A short Treatise of the Mijiteij" of 
th*< Eocbftrirt,' ttvo, London. liV)9. 2.'*A 
hrii'f Answer to n short trifling Treatise of 
late set forth in the Rritainc Tongue, written 
hv ono Clinnock at Rome, and printed at 
Millain, niid lately spread fOcriTly abroad ia 
Wftles,' iL'mo, London, lo7l (T.vXXKH, Ittbt. 
Brit. I74ti, p. :J70). Hv UkL-wiw; mviccd nnd 
made j-oiisiderahle addiliimi^ to a n>-w i-dJlion 
of John WilhaU's dictionary, entitled 'A 
Shorte Riclionaric mnat pnititable for yong 
Beginnprti, the seconds tyme correirted, and 
augroecl'.'d with dinette I'hrasys, & other 
thingt^s iitfcc«sari« thcrcvnio added. By 
Lewys Euans,' -Ito, L<iridon, 1()74. In in> 
scribing bts work to the Earl of Loicostivr, 
Evans liiuLs at poverty and want of suitable 
euiploYinent. The' Diet ionarie' went through 
eevonil editions, tliat issuod in lofit! being 
ailgmttiitml ' with more than six hiuidred 
rvthmicall Terses' by Abraham Fleming 

U- v.] 

[Wood's Atbaiiw Oxon. (Bliu), i. 411-13.1 

0. o. 



Evans 



Evans 



EVANS, LKWIS (i:66-16L'r), mstlie- 
mnticiao, &oq of ibe Ker. Thoniui E^-iiru 
of ]iiL>»(iU-g, McMitnouttuihiro, wm horn in 
17o6 tKi>sn:K, Aiumai Ojvh. 1715-18^^, p. 
485), lie was muthctilatcyl uT Mi-rt>%n Col- 
lege, Oxf'prd, 10 Ik'C. \'7t, but left iha uni- 
wrsiiy witLout a degn*. lu 177" he waa 
nnlnined liv the Bishop of Lichfii-lil ivnd Co- 
veiitrv, hit firrt curacy beiuK tliat of A«h- 
b«ir\-, IWksliire, when' he lUTvefl until July 
177e. Ilti then i-timmpnced reeiilcncL- ns cu- 
r«tr <>f C'lmptnii, Ifc'rk^litri*, bh<1 iMiitinued 
then* iiiilil 1/88, in which vear be rewivi>(l 
iiwi it lit ion to tlie vicanip<? of Froxfiflil, Wih- 
e1iin>. Fte bfltl tlio Ilvinr iintil bin death. 
In irift he was tippointed first niiithfinnli- 
cnl m(wt<T Bt the lUiynl MiIitAiy Academy, 
"Woolwich, m which |)o«l he labour«i until 
18^0. In addition to D.o<^mppt«nt Iniow]«y)gv 
of various wiencu, he bau turued much of 
hia attention, in the latter part of his life, 
tu aMiMDumy. HepoBseeBedNTerulvalwiblu 
inntrumentM, and for many ycAnt einployi^ 
htiaself aa a skilful and aurfywfifat obeeirer, 
harinchis onii private observatory on Wool* 
wicb nornmon. Totde'PhilfMnpbipnl Maga- 
xine ' he contributed the following diwerta- 
t at ions : *An improved DL>nionstrntion of 
Newton'it Binomial Tlieorem on l-luxional 
Principles' (vol, rxi*.); 'Oljjwrvations of 
a Polaria fiir dct^^TRiining t ho North I'olar Dis- 
tance of that Star nl Ihf beginning of IHjy ' 
(vol, xliii.); 'Tablcfl of tbo Sun'K Alliludu 
and ZHtiilti Di*limcp, fnr nvfrr day in the 
ywar' (vol. Iri.) ; *Tlie Snlar Eclipse, obaen-cd 
on 7lli Si-pt. IKiKI' (vol. Ivi.) Evan* was 
elected F.lt.S. 20 May ISit, and was nlwi 
frUow of lht_' AHtronomicAl Society. He died 
at Froxfifld 19 Nov. ]R->? [ffrnl. Mag. vol, 
xrvii. til. ii. p. r)701. By bis wife, .\nn Nor- 
man, L^ w»n fatder of Thomaj Simpson 
Evan.-) [([, v.], and of Arthur Bcnoni Et'ans 
[q. T.] 

[TTifotiBalioo from John Evan*, ttq., F.ILB. ; 
Bojal Kalcodnn ; Monlhlj Noticuof the Aitn>- 
noniiciiJ Sociuty of London,]. JI3.] G. G. 

EVANS, PHILIP (lWft-lft79). j^iit, a 
nsijveof Maumouth^ihlrc, studir^ in the col- 
leg* at St. timer, Btid entered the 8ocietyof 
Jeaua 7 S«pt. Ififto. Having comphifctl 'bis 
noviceabip at Watlen and made Iii* higher 
(tludicfl and theology at tho English College, 
Li^-ge, lie wn^i nrnained priiwt^ and sent to 
the mission in North Wales in l(f7ri. Being 
a markod Tinim of the Oatua plot p(.>r«-cu- 
lion be waa iw-iiw) four years Inti^r at fhp 
hoiidoof his friend and patron, rbrisiopbrr 
Turbenillw d.- Skene, ckj., committed to 
prison, trii>d at iIia apring a^izi'S Ui7t>, ron- 
mraniMl to dwlb as ■ tiaitoi for bin priest- 



hnod, and exectitod at OardiS' on 12J Jul] 
ltt79. John Lloyd, a secular priest, sud'iirpd 
at the Knat'. tira*', and on the aume account. 

'Shurt Sleinorandums ' opi.<n Ibc-ir dvatl: 
appoarrtd at London in 1679, Tb^r^ is a por- 
trait of Evani) eogra^'ed by Alnxandvr \oet 
m Matthias Tanners 'Brevis Ki'Istio felicb 
Agonisijuvin pro Religion)' Calholicai'bmDAa 
aubieruQt aliquot e Societati- Jwii Sacrr " 
dotos,' Pragtie, 1BS3, Another portrait is in 
the print oT Titus Oatos in ihv ptUury. 

[Fluru9 Analo<B)LTaTieiiF, pp- 17^B1 ; CUal-l 
]un«r*ii MiasiniMiry IViwIs (li^it), il. iU, 
Kvnnii'» CHt, ut Kiignkvnl Portraitu, No. 1«720; 
<imii(^r'a &(ta, lliat. of EngUnd. Mi. vA. v. U ; 
Fi>l*y"B Recordii. t. KH2-81, rii. 23a {with por^ 
tniit); Cat. of Priotfd Hooka in Bril. M(i».; 
Dlrror'a Jesuit CoUM-limis. p. 80 ; Dol.j'f Chare) 
Hifit. iii. 320: Kobler'n MariyKr und Bukenncc 
dor QvMllacbaft. Jrsu in Hosland.] T. C. 

EVANS, KHYS or KICE (A. 100->;^ 
fanatic, usually kuowu by hi? adopted uanw' 
■if Ariaf. Eta.vm, wan bom in MiT»iiiictli«hir 
* in tin? parUh of Llanglnin, a mib^ fmm ibf 
Benrmouth' {yarration qf tAf Li/r, t'aiiirtyj^ 
and VUioiu of Arur Ecaw, p. 1 ). I 'i*iinh«'' 
rited by his father, Evans was bound apprvn- 
tice to a tailor, first at (.'bester find altfTuardftl 
at Wn^xbam. In 102U be c«m« to Londoai 
t.i practice bis trade, and beard a i^nnon 
Bbickfrian in March 1633, which U'd himtt 
dii>ru>i-r bis own gif^ii of inlrrpnLal.i(jn 
proiibecy. He began at once to ece vtsioE 
and Trveal thvm ; wami*d ibo king of tbv iJr 
etrtiction which wan coming on the kingdom* 
and declared to the Earl of Essex thai \\\ 
shniild one day be general of all Englandf 
nnd execute justice upon the ooort {ih. pp. If 
"in, l^S). In ltI36 Evans married, but con- 
tinuing to prophtyiT was for thr»w jvarw im- 
prisoned, in IU43 hi disputed against lb» 
anabaptists, and three years later attaclti'd 
tho prtisbyteria&a. Throughoui, he cays, h<' 
nmintainnl the church of England to be iht 
tnm church. Tbomas Edwurd^^ n-fi-re to hie 
in bid 'Oiuigm-na,' and cln*i)-s him with the _ 
independents, but the indepiMidenta them-' 
solves considered Evans as a decoy w>nl to 
catch them, and tried to keep him from tbeii 
ass«mblie8 {(MnprtFtia, ii. 173; Ifnrratia"^ 
pp. 53- tt). In Hi47 Er&ne traa nrresled i 
thechargi? that be bad declared himself to I 
Christ, and was for some time ttnp^Mm<^d 
Nuw^te (A'orrafiVn, pp.W 71). Aftor ibc 
exerulion of Charles I helit^ame nn' ■ i ■ 
publishing pamphlets urging the •■ 
of CbaHt* TL Dirvctly Iht- arm\ , ■ 
the narlianienr bep>f>lil ioned Cromwell • tn pel 
up the kinf!' upon his throne' (IB May Hh'i3J(| 
and his hcild iitteraBCes and confident aniici 
patioas of n restoralioa &1I the nevrs-lettvi 



Evans 



71 



Evans 



JifiW ( Cai. CUfrfH-ion Paprrf, li. iKM, 

All unectloto of uti iuttTviL-w \x- 

Wk-ch Croiawell and Kvun^ is givun in tliu 

iFuitlii'ul Scout,' l'l-« Si'i(l. IO06. All 

count of htm is slso given in iha * XjvtXen 

llttbert IjovctIiit.' ^W•J, p. 172. Rttlwerti 

sdthi' Itcstoration Kvanspiihlish<\itbe 

inc tnii'lx: 1. 'A Vciice Iri^m Ili'iivvn 

C'ouimi'>nwr«llh of Knglnnd,* Iti&J, 

' An Eclio to the Voiw from llfflven, oc 

Xu-rxtioii of lfac> l.ifo, CaUiiic;. and Visions 

nf ArL-^' ICvans.'lrtM. H. 'The Bloody Virion 

I, liTj Fftrley int«rprel«(j, ttwether with a 

'1 nof.\.-<pintreU.' 4. ' Brief Dwcrip- 

_! . Fifib .Moiiiwhy; 1003. 6. 'The 

ViMCt- of Mifhavl llie ArcliinKei lo his Iligh- 

tv*i the Lord Prulcc-lur,' 1054. 0. 'Thu 

ttMcvi of King dinrlcit 1 1«? Fnlhrr, to IJharlea 

Son,' 1055. 7. ■ Light for the Jews, or 

Iir .Mirjinn to Convert t.bt>ni,in un^wi.-r (■> thr 

' Hope at iRruel," bv ManaMiilh Rfn Untel,' 

lecVI. a 'A Hule from ilenven,' IOo!l. 

Tbe date of the d'_4kth of Kvana i« unovr- 

H« survived thi' llMtomiiuu, and waa 

bed hy Charlie II far thv Viag's t'TiI. 

MVf: '.\n*c Ki-ftna hud ■ fungous 

Mirl Miid it vnit n^vr<nled to hitn that 

;'i bond would cure him, and at tbo 

oconine i)f Kin^ disrlrx II inli) Ht. 

»'« Vmn he liifeM thi' kin^n hand, and 

Libbod hu iio«« with it, which disliirb«d tbo 

Z, bat eitred him' {Aluceiianu^, ed. 1^7, 

.!i.'.iil,-T :vcoitntof ETaav'sinM !egin>nb 
' 'h«riaia Baaliean. IdM, p. 162. 

I14M Ih* protibccMS ol Evnti* in 

Aa AMwaJix In liook i. of Jortin'ii r^mnrkg uti 
SodoiiuUCttl History. <.-d. 17«7. i. 24».] 

C. H. I'. 

EVAK8, RICILUin (1764-1871), iwi^ 

• r und cjpj'irt, was for w)nn) years 

iiwt&tiuit toSirThomat Lawrcnc*, 

» liLJiu b<,' iHiint'^ddnwryand backffrouDds 

ad lOMiie nplicua of hi« work*. He also 

"<iLncr>'aahandolheranist«. Uu 

r inimjyisim iii Itoini*, 0(>[>ying piC- 

. >lii' old inaHl«fN and painlins por- 

its. II<^ mW trivd bis baud at &««oo- 

;, End on quilting Itomu pivc ono of 

tompts in thnt lint' to tlie Kmint who 

out bie studio. V<%ni alWrwards bu 

irpriM'd to find this haii^png in South 

ton Mtu^um ns m g^iiuiuu antique 

gm a Umib in th? nKifthbourhijofl of 

In Iril4 he vuiilrd thv I»uvrw in 

ri*, and was ddp of ths fimt KngllHhrofin 

_ai[v t'l.-' jiirfiin- 'inm colk'cted there. 

' rim* at tJiw Hoyal 

'I.' a poiirait of Sir. 

I tile ivii'ituii:. liiid waft a fretjuent ex- 

' up tu lH&i), principsUy of ponrail*. 



lli» continued t'> paint up In thu ond of hislife, 
and t)nicute*i a birgi! picture of 'Thin Doath 
of .'KMuUpiua ' whc-n oTer 85 yews of aff& 
He died at boothaBipton,wbf n^ h« had rveided 
for more than a. quarter of a oentury, in No- 
vrinlwr 1871, sRed 8". Evans ti&d great 
powers of memory, And lutd many ftoecwitea 
of Lawnmce uud other famous artists. His 
ext«naive knowlulge of art was of o^rest am 
to the foundprs of thu Origimil School at 
Dwign at Somerset Ilous-; iti 1837. During 
his rti^idfincat Homt- ho made n collection of 
casts from luittqut; btatuur^', somu of wUicb 
ho presentisl to the llartlev "lustJtule, SJouth- 
amptoti. The copies of the Ilaphael arobtwijues 
which are in tht; Soulh KciwLnkfliin Mmuiim 
arv hj- Evaiifi. In the Nalional rortrait Gal- 
!pr)-thi!n- aru by him purtraita of Sir Thomas 
Lawrence (from a picluTO by bimaelf), Lord 
Thiirlow (from a pietiin' by Lawrence), and 
Thomas Taylor, tbo PUtonjst. 

[Art Joarual, 1872, p. 7S ; IUdgn?t's DicU of 
ArtiKa: Omreii'i Diet, of AitiAa, 17(M>-16W; 
CalalofillM of Boyal AcadBiny, Jkts,] L. C. 

EVANS, ROIIKRT irAtlDrXG C177fU 
l8G7),bool»ellor and auctioneer, born in 1778, 
waa the AOQ of Thoma-t Kviins ( 1742-1784) 
[q. v.] After an education at Wesiminater 
School he waa apprenticed loThomusl'avaet^ 
the Mewe Gate.and suoccedod to the biiKinvsa 
of James Edwards ( 17fi7-18l6) [q. ».], hoiik- 
ih'lk^r in Pull MnJI, which Kvaus cimiinued 
until 1812. In thiit ycur he conimcnc^-d a lunj; 
and Hiir(»?ssftil career aa auctionivr with the 
iialeof thv DukvofBoxbu^he's library (I>ib- 
Dis, liibUograyhieal Dff/tm/nm, iii. 4&-6H). 
Amonj; other famous libraries dispersed by 
him wore tboM of C>>IoD>el Stanley (1^13), 
Stnnewhy Alchomc (18I3), John Townuley 
(HI4), and James li^warcfsdHlf)), the l>ukQ 
of IVvon*hiroV duplicat«s ( 1 Nioi, the Unke of 
tirafton'H libr&iy (l^^l'ili the vollnm-priutcd 

booksof Field-miirshal Junot(Wl'V'i"'"* •'"' 
Uorromvo cuUecliuj] of nuvel^ and tomatices 
(^1817). He nl«> nold tUv. Wbitw Kiiiijhi* 
hbraiy, those of Bindley, Dent, Hibbi>Tt| 
North, and some portiotks of Ileber's ( IKJO). 
Bctwiwn 1S12 and 1*17 the chief librarieg 
Hold in Kiigland went through bis hands. 
U is own nuirkcd set of catalogues ia now in 
the Uritith Mu«cum. FMnaaiug on excel- 
lent memonr and rich store of information, 
ho was in tfui bahit of disoonning upon tlKi 
books passiutt undnr bis tiammer. Hia «x- 
pertneas as an auctionoer was not aaniatad by 
ordinary bu8>nr«s qunlilics, and be fell toto 
neeuniary emharrB-isment. Wheti r«-C8t«- 
bliahed as a booki>eller in Bond Street, in 
partnership wilh bis two #ons, ho was again 
unfortunate. He was a fervid politician, and 



^E3Sm 



!,vans 



7* 



ivans 



to'.ik a RTMit iiit«r«At la tli« bistonr of the 
whig panj-. A portrait t-ngnred bv Fwo- 1 
man. aft«r B^iaev, is giv«n by Uibtlia (it. 
iii. 61). 

lie died ia Edward 8trwt, JTmnpttiinl 
Iload, London, on 'J') April 1W)7, in hU 
uiglitiutU rear, llie wiJow, Susanos, died 
iu m«tul'onl licud, Fulliam, on 31 Jan. 1861, 
aged 80. 

Son* worlu bear bis imprint as pablisber. 
Thfi fcJIowinfi were -writtftn or edited by 
bim : 1. ' Diebop Buri)t.>l'H llitttoiy of bis own 
Time," lx.ndon, IWW, 4 voU. Rvo. 2. • nak- 
Iuti'h CoUocUwo of Ilio Eurly Voyagi*. Tra- 
v^H, and Diiwnvennt of thn KnglUh Nation. 
A aew eiUtion, wilb additiuus,' Londou, 
1800-12, 5 TOl«. 4U> (iwrt of Lhc fourth t»- 
Inno and th« wbo]fl ot Ibe fillb an: addtnl iu 
tblaGdition). 8. ' Ehuj h od Song-writ.ing, 
witb a Collectirtn of siich Koglii>b Songs as 
arv xatMl etuiuejit fi>r Poetical Merit. By 
Jobn Aikin. A nuw edition, wilb additions 
and corroctioiu, and a Supplvm«tit,' Lon- 
don, IKIO, ftm. «vc.. 4. 'Uld ItalMa, by 
TbotnasEranH, A now L-dition.reviAod and 
cunsidurHblv ■.■nlnrgnd fniin Public and Pri- 
vftle Colh^lionii, by his Son,' London, 1810, 
4 Tole. sm. 5vo. 6- '.Six I^ttiTs cif PiiUicoia 
on tbc Libcrtv of tbt' Subject and the Privi- 
liwea of ib*i llouso of CommoDs, cri^ually 
niA>liflli«d in tbc " Timo*.'' now collpctvd ami 
iIlustratL^d,' London, ItilO, (ivo (aiioiiymoub). 
ft. ' A IjmIIw on tbo Ecpt'dioocy of a. Ut-form 
in Parliami-iit, uddrvtOfd to Lord Krekine,' 
Ixiiidon, 1 817, 8vo (tliia aiid No. 6 are pam- 
pblete). 7. * Euripidii) O^wrn, (ir. Hi Lat.,' 
QIaxguw, 1821, a vol*. 8vo (Evana belped 
.\. and J. M. Duncan in iircmrinp tliis edi- 
tion). H, ' IliHtorieul and iVscriptive Ac- 
count of the ( ;iiri(Mtures of Jauits tUlIray,' 
I^ndon, 1651, 8to (wriUen witb Thuiuuj 
Wri^rbt). 

[Memoir in (Jfnt, Mtig. June 1857. 3nl ser. 
ii.734-S.i^printcdii)NicliuU'tillhiiitr.viii.Q20-7. 
Sob alw DibdinV Dibl. Dcuini. 1817, \'A. iii.; 
^bliomania, 181:^, irol. ii. ; and Libmrv Com- 
panion, 1824.J H.kT. 

EVANS. ROBERT ^\TLSON (1789- 
IHtiti), arcbdeaoon of Westmoreland and an- 
ther, eeuoud sou of Jobn Eran-s M.I>., of 
LlwyuygT0e«,oearO8weatrT, hv bis wife. Jane 
Wilson. He was bom at tlxi CouncU Uotuw, 
Sbrewebury, 90 Aug. 17H9, and was edu- 
cated under I>r. Butler a! SbrewnburyScbooI, 
irbeoce he nrcicoi'd'Hl (o Trinity CoIletttiOam- 
bridge, in ISO". Therp be becamo (wvenib 
wrancter, s«cond cbancellor's medalliM, and 
B.A. 1811, M.A.ISIJ, and 1U).1»I2. Jfannff 
obtained a fellowship in 181^, be was elected 
T^*^«'«'' tutor of bi» coUoge in the following 



year, baving ibr collmgiw Oeorgw P'-ni-M-k^ 
aftonrarda dean of HHy, In I83a b!» lonn- 
nuut^r. Dr. Butlvr, thttn bttLliop of Liclitinlc 
made bim bis I'xamining chaplain, and col 
Inti'd him la thv vicnra^'^ of Tarvin, Che«birv,^ 
Here he found parinh work in ubnndanrc, tU 
experience of which ia \p\Vii\ iu hia ' Ri^boprM 
ofSouljt.' IuIK41!bL-ucci'|jtMlfnitu IilscoIIO)^ 
tbe vicarage of Heverabam, a plate witbiu i 
tnominfcdriveof the finest of tne Westmor 
land scmery. One of hia firat acta wiu in 
bnild a new vicamgu botuo on tbu aboul'lur* 
of llevcrsbttm Ilt^ad, a spot from wbicb " 
couiiiiunded a mcwt extensiTc vit-w. VLv wn 
nppoiut«Hl arnhdr-acon of Wentuioreland 
Itwtt, and after holding tbe arcbdeaoonry 
tJii> gn*nt Miiafaction of the clergy and lait 
of the diMrirt, nwigned it in Jttnuarv 18>l~ 
on account of bia advancing Tears, il? di> 
nl HGTcrabam ricarago 10 March 1S<W. II 
waalhcaulhor of: 1. ' A Cuurte of St-nnr-tu 
preached before the I'niversityof Cainbridpi|! 
lytfO. -2. ' TL^' Kwtorv of Vulybvad,* I8OOI 
12lh edition lr4i .'{. 'Tbe Chorcb of God^^ 
in a Bi>rio« of Sermons,' 1832. 4. *ASef 
»t thii Ci>n»Kcmtion of tbv Bi»hop of Licli 
field and CoTpntry.'lftSfi. fi. *ASermoBi 
the Otdination beld by the Itisbop of Licli 
tii^ld.' is:t8. r;. * Hvmnft for the ObriariailJ 
Workman,' 1810. 7*. ' Tales of tbe 
British Church.' 1840; 3rd edition 
a, *AnAppL-al against tbo (.'nionoftt 
ceseaofUaagorandSt. ABaph,"lH4a. ». 'Ti 
Biehopricof 8ouV 1843; Otb t-dilion 1871 
10. ' \ Sermon,' IB12. 11. ' A lUy iu tl 
.Saticluar^-, witb a Trt^tiitij on llymnologyj 
1843. I'j. 'Parocbiiil S.!nii.>uV voluraw 
l»4+-5.'i. \A. ' ('onaideratinn on the Scrip-1 
lurid Practice of Church CoUwtione,* 1&*7. 
14. ' 'Uu- Minirtryofthw Bodv/ 1847. 16. ■ A_ 
Visitation Sermon,' 1840. ' 16. • Par 
S1<L>tclies,' in rerae, 1860. 17. ' A TrwaliMi \ 
Verwfication,' 1662. 18. 'An Ejcborutk 
to tbe Lord's IMy,' l^&S. 18. * CbaraM <' 
liTt'rcdtothoCk'rgyon\''Mtmorelftnd, 2vot« 
1850, 18G7. 3tt 'Si-lf-E.iaminaiiou ai 
Proof,' a sermon, 1856. 21. ' Daily IlTmin 
1800. 23.'KugbuidundurOod,'ltHlL>. ^9.-. 
S(>nTtnii On l>eatli of the I*rince Consort*^ 
l^tJ:!. Ho also wrote tive volumes in ll 
oKries linown na ' Th*? I'hrological Library^ 
namely, ruls. vii. xii. and xvi., 'Scripiai 
Biographv,' I834,and vols. xir. and xv., * Di< 
gnphy oi the liorly Church,' 1836, 

rOuatdiaii, 14 »srdi 18S6,p.27a; 
Jiuiel8C«,n'-OO1>'10: Church of Ebij^ 
gmphic Portrait Gallery, IMiB. poRrnit 1 
nioir with purtmil in I}ih BisliuprtcoCr 
K. llickmrWMh, 18TJ, pp. T-xi»; Wv9t 
Gaxottv and K«adal Aunrtisor, 17 S^Aroh If 
p. o] G. C, B. 



EVANS; TTIEOPHILrS (10W-I707>, 

., ii^inf, bf'm in IfflU, ih-at Ntfwciwlje tjiilju, 

CtnriKrthi-niljirr.-n-asiht^ Itflb euq of Clurlta 

Evkns ofl't^ny WenAll.CftTdiKiuistiinv He 

W** pn.'hoWT ('diwalr-d at PbR'WBburr ; Iw 

mm* <inliiin«l (li*mi'on in I'lH, Wid yrtrM in 

|17ltt,br('i i' >f Hi. Ihivid'o. Ilfviia 

rifOMtir < 1 litOwynsof Cturth. In 

U-^ tkf lk>.:i<<[< 111 .-nl. I>liVld'a ^V6 him tlw 

niall r>«torT of Llanrnii*, Brvdnioeklhire, 

tliicli hv nwi|pi»(liu 173tii>nbeitiffpre«Mitm) 

illii- Ti-ctonrof LUoguninKrch. Froinl730 

till his il<-<Dlb be bi'M tuv liTtng uf ^^t. David'* 

in LlBufiu-si. In I7li.'{ lui nisigned Llanf^m- 

-nuth I o Ilia wn-iD-luw, Uu^li Joik-». ii« 

~ rd ID 1707. 

[^TTJed .\1ice B4>Tiui, by wbom he bad 
iBod tiro dni^flilcTB. Una of Ibe 
I BiArriod Hii^b Jonea, and become 
'tnotbu' of Tli«opbiliui Jvitds, aulbor uf 
If hislorv of Bredcnoclubtrv. 
Evu«'eVork»»n: 1. 'l*wH ir«der,'1739. 
WrUh coniment on tbe Lofd'a Prayer in a 
cri'-^ of Hermunn ufUT tlic muiiiicr of Ulfbop 
Jbwkall. 2. ' Oriob y I'Hf ().yoedd," J7a9. 
Ia »T7 iM)pulu- book on Wf>bli antiqait iav, 
rUirU i» wiid to Imvc pui" ibmmib tliirty 
jtions, and wim Iriiiuljttod into English n» 
^'ViewtjflbL' l*riinilive Ag»*,' Ii i»iitfprly 
"Dnliislonciil, bc-^iiis from tbo Towwof Rnbel, 
■nd drchn.1t Artbur lo Iw as real as AJex- 

In>..i~- -'I 'Jiiatury of Modem KiithuAiitJttD, 
i.pjformalionI«Prc»i-niTim»,*l70J 
i,',. . .'. An nlliurk tition ' cntliuaiMts,' 

u 



Sflli-mivnurcliT tai-n, I-Vncb j>rvphut», inc- 
fthofliAl*, Sco. Kvane'» ^rrandixni Miy» that be 
\^n» tbr mildr-st and i<iinp)i<8l of tneji, oiid 
' im fritfudlv tvraa willi tbv di«Mnt«ra wbom 

be uuilMl tu Ibis l»x^k. 



[11i*o[ihilnfiJniiM'f HKtinrofBndoioekBhin^ 
pp, S74-J> : Lifs preOxcd tn PrimitiTa AgM.] 

HVAN8, THOMAS (rf. IflSS). port, wm 
Iii(*ati<d at Corpus OhhRli Collfgp, Ontn- 
idan, wlitfiv \iv f^d(inu-d B.A, in \<i\-2, 
JA-in 1010. nnd »,!>. in IfJ'i**. Ho wm 
pn-Mml'sl to the rectory of Liltli- Holland, 
fx, in I'M^, BDd held that Iwue&tw till bis 

lib in \ca:\. 

Ill* i« tlio author (if onv of ihcrar«»tpotiti- 

il workt in ttiit KnKliiihliinfriiagi'. It iKt^n- 

itleH 'tKdipiw: TliWf dmiiM-j*, \Vti.'t>'iii 

cmilaiucl: I. Tit» unfiirlunntK [nlJiiii-v. 

.lii> if^Lvrmbb' Actiriiui. li. Iliit lnnii>ntal>le 

By T. K. Itjwb! An. t'outnb.,' I^ird. 

_ i:Jmo. It i* Hvd>cat<-<l to John L'lii|b- 

ii'niu* of ihi* NIX clerks in cbotintry, and tti 

ph'liniinnrr ■iJJn^ 'saVnuriiiK luucb of 

\h'~ inrifmy,' ibii antuor wyit thiit ii is tii« 

-1, but not thi< bi>rt« uf all Ihn 

't 1 tktfn- is biiiiM laid up to eurich 



B Mtcond bm(Iuir,t'i kfi-tw it from lUMURtonud 
ditiitonwtv, wlii'n I shnll ptit it t« ifhift lolo 
the vrnrld; Vf^t if this pTOT<> a gnttf. tti the 
p«r»nt,l williiuitantly bt>di von: 't from TlialJa, 
and mak^' rnvf^ir biipiij tn llic proi^pray from 
a better fitocKo.' Eilcu caato contaius about 
«ix hundred liuM, rbyming alttimntely. aad 
eoiutitiiUQS flowing with «a«.-,but without any 
originality of inTtnlion. 

[Newroun's B«jjerturiuin, ii. 383; OoUiei'H 
ItftrMt Ifooka in tM Kngllah Laugun^e, i. 2ffO; 
C'oopor's Atheiue Ckatab. US.] T. 0. 

EVAU8. THOMAS (1742-1781). book- 
Heller, vriLR born in 1743 nnd «crvKd nn ap- 
prvnticeobip with L'harles Marnh of l^und 
Court And Charing Cross. He opened a shop 
in the Strand, where he publiehvd a quanut^ 
of work« on English Dteralure and anti- 
quities, getuirallf well printnl, and many 
cditMl byhimulf. To tlitoe Ih: pn-fixM dedi- 
uitioiift to frumda and patrotu, Qarrick, ICvy- 
noldj*, Sheridan, and othvm. His t-Jiit^'.f lit«^- 
rari.' nndflrtaking was an I'xct-llf^nt rallecUoa 
of old Iwllads, of which a third editioo was 
brought out byhin.u^n. In anadvArli^'inieat 
prefixed to Peck's' Utsiderala Curiosa'l 1779) 
nr dUhmiMi^d a proposal to rvpriiit Tanner's 
' Notitiu Mooasticn, atU-rwords publinhud by 
Dr. NoMiuth. He was u le^diDg membiT of 
the buokaullen' club in tliti Urui-iAu CotTeii- 
houM}, lo whiL-h Thiiuuii l>avi<M lI7l2f- 
17i*J>) [<i. r.] bfibingtd. Ho niuBi not be 
coafounaud with his bimiotivm who liad tbv 
acuffle with Oold:«Dilh, with whom ho tn» 
on bieudly terms. Etons collected the &ist 
London edition of the poet's writings. Ho 
waa fiill of humour and much aoufiht aftw 
for bis cotupaniooable qua]itie«. He died oa 
30 April 1784, leaving a widow and a son, 
fiobert Harding KTaiia [q. v.j 

The following are the works writtCTi or 
edited by him : 1. ' Potiuu by Mr. W. Shake- 
speare' [London, 1774], am. Svo. '2. 'A 
llislorv of Wulea by Curadoc of LbaumrviUL 
KnijIiHiiefl by Dr. I'nwrll,' l>in<!oti, 1774,t*vo. 
.1. ' Memoire of the Cardinal de lC«l<, trans- 
luted,' London, 1774, 4 vol«.(im.8vo. 4. 'Tb« 
Works of RIcbanI Savagn,' I^ndon. 1776, 
'2 ToU. sm. Hvo. 6. 'The Worku of Cinorgo 
Viilieni, I>uk(i of BuEi-kinirhivin/ljOndMn, 1 77S, 
2 voIb. sin. S\». H. ''l%f KucrliBb. Scotch, 
nnd lri*h Historical IiibrariM, by Bishop W. 
Nicolflon, a new edition,' Loudou, 1770, 4lo. 
7, ' A ^>V>niii lK.-cU ration of Air. Daniel 
Perreau fforpir*, written by himself/ Lon- 
don, 1770, Hvo. 8. ' IJe^idemta Curiojui, by 
Francis IVck, new edition,' l.ondon, 1779, 
3voLi.4lo. ». ' Poetical Works of .Matthew 
l»rior,'ljondon,177».2*-olf..Mvo, m.'Po-iical 
and Dramatic ^\'urka of l>. UoUUmitb,' Lou- 



doa, 17H0, 2toU em.F^To. U. * Old UaUBde. 
Ui»toric«] ftiitl Nftrrutivv, wiLli boidl- of Mo- 
dern I>ate, now Imt ooliecud nod Kprinted 
from Itare Cojmm and MSS., willi Note* by 
T. EviuiH,' London, 17S4, 2 -vols. sm. Svo 
(finit fditiuD, 1777, '2 vol*.; third edition, 
edit«d by K. U. Evans, 1 1*10, 4 toIk. em. 8vo). 
12. 'Th<j Wfirkji of Fnncis Rabelais, truw- 
lated,' London, 1 784, 4 vols. taa. 8to. 

[Menoir in GeaU Jiuf. 1|M, to), liv. pL. i. 
p. SVA, refrcducwl in Nicliok'* Lit. Aorod. vi. 
4U-6. Sm alM> ill. iii. 647 ; wd Forater'a lifo 
of 0. GoUsmtth. ]8«. ii. ISl, 387.] H. R.T. 

EVANS, TIIOrAS (:730~1«K1). book- 
bbIUt, wu Uiru in Wak*(i in 1739, and Ik^ihui 
lifi:! in Ijondon an a booki^lWii porter-witba 
William Johnetou of Ludgaie i<tnH>U By 
indu»trv mid ]>(-rwt Kraufi; be bwaiiut the 
publislierof tit- ' Morning Chronicle'as well 
118 Ibe' L'jndoii Packi't," in which was printed 
the iihjeclionnb1<^ liLU^r reflecting on Gold- 
amith und Mis* ilunieck, the 'Je«wmy bride,* 
niao days after tbo 6nt ri>pn>.M-ntution of 
* SU« eUKtps 14 conquvr' iji 177tJ. Uold- | 
■milh went 1o cane Krans in hi^ shop iu 
PuI^tuukut liuw, lut iLi' pureun roipunKiblo 
for the ju-tich:, unci KOl the wurst «f llie en- 
counter. Goldamitu was indicif^l for an a«- I 
vault, and coin[iromi»(-ii by jmyitiif 'lO/, tu a I 
"WeLah charity. Evans toot over theexteu- , 
»ivo business of Muwrs. IUw«,Clarkfl,&Cijl- 
lin», at \i>. 32 PaK-nioftlcr Kow. H<> retired 
somo years before Lis di>flth, and was of rough 
and Mc*ntric liabit«. Ih-- wa* wjiftraMxl from 
his wife owing lo her nirecnoii fur a gracc- 
loM aoD, and IcO. tliu bnlk of a large fortunu 
to wi old tiietid, ChristtipUcr iJrowti, fot^ 
mcrly aasbtaiit to Mr. I^nxman of l'at«r- 
Dofit<.-r Row. and fulhcr of the ThomoaBrovn 
•Aerwardt a mumbur of the famous flnu. 

Erana died 2 July LbOU at tiia lodgiuffs in 
CbapttfT litiuw Court, at Ibo Bg« of euty- 
(uur, af^er a xhort iUiit-«^. Ilirt only ton mar- 
ried in 1790 a dauRbtor of thu si'cond .iVrelu- 
bald Hamilton, ntii^ n im in bu>iiiu?«n fur hiin- 
aelf.but deaertudhiiifiiinily, went to Ammca, 
came beck, and died in poverty t'i^ht>:>en 
months Lcfon.' hid falhcr(XicitoLe, J^i'r.. 'I nn:('. 
V. 71:i). 

[idemoir in Gent. Uii^. July 1803, roL IxxUi. 
pt. ii. p. 499, rBprinted id .Sicholt's Lit. Aoecd. 
tii. 720-1. 8m also Bcewoll's Lifu of Johseon 
(O. D. lliU), ii. aOt»-iO ; J, Far»t<>r"8 Lift of O. 
Ooldemitli, I6Q'(, ii. 384-01 ; A. Aniivm'* Uhl. 
at Brilich Joarcalisa. 1869, 2 tuIe J U. R. T. 

EVANS, THOMAS (Toxos Oltit Cothi J 
(ITtk^-lbi:)^), Welah poet,»on of Evan and 
Ilannah Hvani, waa bom nt Capel 8t. Lilin, 
Carman benshirc, :>0 June 1766. Hie early 
educatiouwaaorthuscautivtitdewripliou,but 



ho waa ambil ions and penevertng. IIo wu I 
fortunate! in Dii-i>tjnv frivndx in uocxjiectDtlj 
quartf-Ts, and in getting plenty nf honkftwhritj 
wanted. Thepn-Tailin^'tliTOlogy intbeneigb- 
boarhowl wn* of the moat pronounccid C'«lvin^ 
istic t\-pe, and Evans, whUe yet very youngj 
became known aa a hcmtie, and wa« luck^f 
named * Little Priestley.' loord^^rlo wonbipl 
with friends of like setitimeQla wilb himwlfl 
he tucd to tralk tn Alltyplica, a distance of 
twelve mileit. \\'h<'ii he gtvw up htt bvgaa to 

ErcAcb ia hi? father's house, a port of whidi 
fi ^l licviuud fur tbL- puipoM. lu conise of 
time a cbapel wtiS built. H« waa puraonally 
much rMpected, but bid liberalism made htm 
nuifyKtUta hy goremtijeiil , 1 Ic Kpuke warmly 
and wrote largely. In 1707brt wai^at aNtcial 
meetinfT, and aung'bvreqiieat'a Welsh aong 
' On Liberti'.' On tfie information of a apy 
belonsing to his own cou^>gttlion bi* waa 
oppronondcd, tried, and sentenced by Judg« 
Llovd (o \x impritioni-d for two yean and lai 
.itaud iu Ilie nilliirv. t*nly one other persoD 
suffered iu thu pillory- in l\m pan of tba] 
country during Inw whole of tb>; eiglit««ntli1 
cnturv. Ho waA charged with .^in^n^ aa' 
Engliali song, the fourth stuusa of which nn _ 
thua— 

And wben apon the British alxtro 
Tha ibundennK Runa iif Franca idtall roar. 
Tile Gvurv-o nlmU trtinbliiig naad, 
r>r flee his quUtc land 
Willi t«rrur and appal. 
Dance CunDattnol, dance OanaagnoL 

He alwavs dtsniMd having aung this song; 
During hut iinprisanment nu met with gnat 
ityin|Kitliv. In 1811 hn became miuiMter of 
tlio Old Meeting IToiiae, Abcrdarp, when ha^ 
continued bdov«d and rvspected till his d«at' 
2(1 Jan. leas. 

HIa tirat pnblication watt probably a trans* 
latioR of Prieat lev's • Tnuintili of Troth, Iming 
an Account of tfco Trial of Elwall for put 
liabiug a book in Defence of tliv Unity i 
God,' 170Ji. Altogether ho publi«)i«d inor 
than twenty worka,moatorthemthe>ih^ic 
la 179.'* he issu.^d No,] of a quarterly ma^^ 
zine, 'The MJM.'cLluneoua l£ui'V»itori ,' whieli< 
bad to W ilijw.ontiiiuivl i«-ith No. ii for wont 
nf sufRcieni supixirt. In 1809 ho putiUabed 
an EnRlisli-WelsIi dictionary (4tiO pp.),com^^ 
piled wliitc in prison ; in 1811 a hyuin-lwilf^ 
of a hundred hymns (104 jip. ), all origituil. 
ac^nd edition appeared in 1(S23. 

JUemoir ia Gardd Abeid&r. btrlns th* IQi 
dfodTrantaetiooaof 1863; Fonlkes'sCiirirlyfr 
Bywgnfliadot.] H.i.J. 

EVANS, THOMAS rTstir^too) (If 
lAiV)), Welsh poet, «m of s sliip-carpenl* 
waa bom at CsnLgan in ISIO. ]li« 



:vans 



75 



Evans 



» 




Klaii, 



frdncation ms -rvrj rudinnMitarr, Ai llic 
■!.'■- lif F-lrTcn hi" w«> ojijin^iiticri! wt Itoanl 
. umall trading vessels that visilecl 

1 IPWD. IIU llva^^H!nt wan tin bad 

tliBi lie di.-t^rm'medl to nin awnv. II<^ Wflnt to 
Abf-nUre, iiii<i worked in n coaJ-inini>. From 
m> he •■•ut a lellpr to lii* inotlK-r. wriM.^n 
\avc (his fintt Btli:>ropc), nppnsin^ her of 
'h«nMtl»uts. Wbeti uboul GflMn hu 
hill leisure hours to muAic, and ot- 
tiiciiil puhliL' utti-ntiun u* b i«iiitf«!r. ^loHlv 
kfti^r tliM li>-<-oui|w-ti^)siiri'«S(trmtyat a annul 
I ' ' ' 1. held III tiro chai.'cl whi-rx- be "6* 
1. , fur til" b<r*l, [Miein (m 'llumilily.' 

>.<iiight hiin into jmblic nulici!, and 
brth hie duiik* wua cniiHtnnllv in tli>' 
iwipcrs and in connection with eislfldd- 
, where he won no ft-wt-r tli>n tw<<nly 
All this time Iw worki-d iw n com- 
.m collier. His liwi ai^t v«ini were eppnt 
omistAul battle tirst. with d\-sprp«iii, and 
iro villi cKHUumption. Ue *li«il -'U April 

IBiifi. 

Hit poems wen chamctcrised by imlho^ 

III plroMntry, an J hiwl a i-Unrm LhuLalwiivii 

^^oo^lll^^_vmpn, Hiapre^lical worts 

fled and arT8i>jj'.'':i by Diifydd M<ir- 

jwy.uud publlslurd in 1 iSefi/smnil Hvn(y24 

ii), with » brief tuemoir &oin the jipu of 

r. llovel Williams. <r)ght hiindn.xl copit-s 

ring bwm suhiM;nl>cd fur bcfurehaud. 

[Mvoioir ■■ aloTc] B. J. J. 

EVANS, THOMAS SIMEON (1777- 

:^l$i, matbi'TnitlirlBii, cidcet »an of ihu li^-r. 
U Evan* ( 17.Vi-lHi7) [a. v. J, by hid wife, 
EtCorroan, tna baptiaed m Au^'ust 1777. 
naniMl aftvr Thoma« Simgiwn, liio 
TUBlhcmnlirian. In or alMiot 1797 lie ap|iean< 
hntn taken chu^ge of a private otwer^'a- 
at lJlackh(«tJi bolon(pn)f 1o William 
" as, fomiL'rlT ncconntantijpneml to the 
lia Companr at Benoral. After the 
__ iof Ltfklna, vV April l^ (Omt.Mag. 
nl. )\\. pt. i. I^ ^^'l, he was taken on as 
nuUtniit by Nerd Moakplyno [q. r.] at 
KoviJ Ol«irvatory, Unieuwicli, but rc- 
jivl 'thi< |)n»i. ill IbU'i. In that yc»r, or 
) in 1M03, 1m3 was appolntod oiatlH'- 
inMti*r inider liin fetluT nl the Koynl 
iry AcadoiuT, Woolwich. Ilcrehecon- 
r<i unlJI iHlU, when he accepted the ^ 
ahip of the tnal bi^Rini ical Rohool nl 
'Wrllon, near \\ i/ulwich, wliich office 
led in 18J3 to bci-Kiiim ni(i.»UT of lh» 
itica bt Chriit's iloitpiial, Loodou. 
lainmenta won for him the tiegrt^ of 
TXT* I frmn what iinivi'mty i* not known] 
Ml! '.li' fi Ilowabip of Ihe Liiilieali Sociely. 
-;i <»ct. 1(^18, offi-d 41 (I*, vol. 
^ir. ii, p. 47ri), It}- hi« niarrtogo in j 





1797 to Dvburuli, daught'.^r of John MomaII 

, of Aaliford, Kent, he had fivn childron: 
I Tliomas Simpfton Erana (17t»S-l^)), rioar 
I of Hi. Lwoniinrsi.Slinrwlitch; Aapnsiu Etoiw 
(171*9-1876), iL spinfiter; TI«^htrl Xoniua 
Evans, M.ll. (160^-H*/"), a ^at book col- 
Icctjjr; Arthur Boiioni F)vnnit(<f. 1838); nod 
Luwis ETftua (I81G ISCy), head-master of 
8Andb«ch Fr^'o (Jruoimur School, <.!he»hire. 
Rvans l«ft it cotnploicd translation of An- 
tonio Caj^ioli'a ' Trigonomeiria piana e t&^ 
rica,' besides other tmnt^lations fram foreign 
itcienlific works and a vast coLIbclion of ud- 
tinishixl ptipent in aeveral bronchea of nhUo* 
tiophr. jIi! abo contributed ctitneorticiee to 
tbii * t'hiln^tipliirai Miignxiit<-.' among' which 
may ho mentioned 'Problems on the Reduo* 
tion of .Vjicles' (vol, xxviii.); 'An Abndff- 
mint of ino Life of JuUcn I* Koy, ine 
Wfiichniaker, by hia Son* (ynl, xxii.') ; 'A 
Short Account of th* Improvements graAu- 
ally uiadu in dvtvruiiuinif ihi* A^tronoiuie 
Itefraction' (vol. xxxvi.); ' Uistorical 4I»- 
muniuda r('6pe[!tii]),'K\iH.-ri[ni-<nl^int4!ndi.'dto 
! HJtcerLiiiTi th« Caloritic Piiwentyfth'" dilfrrent 
Prismatir Rays' (vol. slv.); '()n thf Lawa 
iif Ti-iT«»trijil Maf^ietUm in difTi-n'nt Lati- 
tiitifta' (vol. xlix.) Hia library wa.^ con- 
sidered one of the mott valuable collections 
of mnth«mAtical nnd philosophical work* in 
the kingdom. 

[Information from Ji>!ia Evaa*, «(),, F.RA; 
lloval KalemJars ; Foutec's Alumni Oxou. (1715- 
I8SiI),fiub vocf'.l O. G. 

EVAN3, WILLIAM (rf. ITOO?). presbf- 

t^rian divine, wiia nducatM at th? r.Olli?frv at 
Vstradwaltor. iht-n under the pr«idenoy of 
ibp Itcv. licM I'rylliercli. He was ordained 
at IVncwUr, niiir Camwrthea, in ll)88, and 
continued pastor there for fifteen rean. In 
MOA lie removed to Carmarthen to become 
pastor of thi.' pre»byteriAii coQgT«g*tion. nnd 
received in hi* hotik- iitudeuta for the chris- 
tian ministn', He hoe be«n rcgard*;d ae the 
founder of tin* Welsh Academv, fnua ihrt 
fact that tbo educAlion of divinity sludentA 
firdt axxuniod iind«'r him a colU-triat" fomi, 
lie was pat ronUi^l both by the I^ntlon funds 
and by the liberality of wealthy dissentefi. 
Dr. I>nniitl William* h^quri^athcd a sum of 
money towards his support, nnd this has been 
continued to his aucccMors to this day. Uo 
is wid to bare bi«n a man of »upiirior at- 
tainmenta ns a scholar and divine, and to Iiavn 
duvoled hitnvdf with (^'tt diltfrencc nnd 
exemplary furtitiulM lo th» diaohargv of bis 
pmfeasional duties in circumslAlMM of difll- 
culty and danger. }Ii} is siipposed to bare 
diftcontinued his Inboura in lylB, aihl be died 
in 17W, 



'J£M 



'*^~'- 



In 1707 hf mil>!i>ih-^l in W«biIi*Tlie I'rin- 
cipW of ilip OlirisTiai) Religinn,' based nppA- 
rcntly on lUe me»«inb)y« cntcchimn ; in 1* I* 
he publi»lii.tl find nTot<> & pr>^fiu?4) fnr* Opmnieu 
Dueiliiiieb ' {' Gems of AV iedom '), ■ vt-ry in- 
lerestinff work by lii« olil tutOiT, R I'tythr-reh ; 
ID 171 7li(' wrote a long preface lo tii^ friend 
luid lu-tgbbour In^ ub Dewi's IrKn^bitiui) nf 
Maithew HunryV'L'il-iKhieiD;' in 175" Abel 
Mur^o publiiibtisj Kvani's 'HrincipWof ibe 
UliriHlian Keligion,' which bo boa udapti'd 
eo an to teach Htlult buptum. 

[Dr. ThnniBii Rau'a Hint, of CftrmiLrUMB Col- 
in^, in Dr. |lciinr«Uutt, ininAclufilCocdiiioa; 
BowIandN']! t 'iiinbriiin Bihliogmiifaj.] R. J. J. 

EVANS, WILMAM (rf. 177rtP). Welah 
UxioogTspb«r, was eduMted at CjirmiirtJii^n 
C^Imo under Or. Jenkins, 1767-72. IIi^ n-as 
probably boru in OarmBrtheusbire. His chief 
claim to notice is bused on his Kii^lUb- 
Wclab dietioiiurv, ojiBpiK-d while by was a 
student luul piibliaht'd in 1771. A sfcnnd 
«dttiim ni)ncurv_-d in IdVJ. Tlie ^reiit<-et living 
Wt'lah bibliiigniitlH'r, ibe R«v. I). S, Lvaiis, 
B.l»,, deAcribea it nn avery MspcctHblo work. 
He was for somu yuare pn^tor of tlir iirw-bj- 
terian concmgntinn at Sberbonii*, but re- 
moved, owing to decUaiiij^ bealtli, lo taku 
cbaTsw of a congregation at. MoKtoii I Inmrv- 
Stw^ Drvooahire, in l77U,biitwa9 only able 
to rt-rain il a few weeks, and probably dii^d 
diorlly after. 

[Chriftinti ItvformcT. ISSH, p. A62, 1847. p. 
«31 ; Yr Ymoiynjiid. 1888.] R. J. J. 

•capo-viLiatvr, u>uaily known an ■ Kvntiji of 
Jtristol,' in order to diriiDiruioh bun from 
William Krnne of Bton [a. v.', was an asM- 
cialv iniimbiTof tin- Old bocietv of Paintvrs 
in WttteiwMlourB, and a nalire of North 
WiUos. ^Vi£hill^ to perfi'ct liis art by tbo 
ttudy of natum alone, ami to fivi* himwflf 
from the inAiiL'ucu of schools or individuiiU, 
Ktiin* itiiulr biniM If a bnini* for many y"»r»i 
ia the ocntre of a {rrand goi!^> of mriuricaln 
s<:«iiery in North waW, at a faiii) calle<l 
Tyn-y-Cnr.in a Inrpc park attbr jiinrri'Hi of 
U)0 fiwldr with Ihw Conway. Iiimv be was 
ftblr- lo cultivate a natnral impulHr tor ori)^- 
nnlily and f^ndtur in thv oonflIunt<^'onU-in- 
plationof nalitriMn iw>meof il.^ wildirsi formt, 
uid he pnidiippd Bomo fine work?, notably 
'Troth Mawr;'bis trv«tna«>nt of tin.' moun- 
tain tom-nlA and the ootta^ seenrrr of thn 
DeiKbhonrhood was also letDsrkabK After 
18fS:i Kvans visitc<l Italy, spending lb*- winl>T 
■oocfMively ni Uenoa, liome, and Naples, 
•Jid he collwNvl n It luorous material* forwork- 
tng up into laudscnpM of a very dttilTunt cha- 



racter from hia earlier productions Uitfortii. 
iiately bia vmk w&b duI hImti by illii>:R>, and 
lilt dii-d in Maryli'bonRlCoail, London, 7 
ISSf*, Bp^l f.)riy-nine, acconliiijr to Bona . 
COuntJ!, thotigb b<< M nxiatly mutrd U> liah-«^ 
be^n Utrn in 1>4II. Tht^re U a tine water- 
colour drawinR by him in the print room at 
the Briti»li Muitrum. 

[Redpava'n Tirt. of Artiala; OiLlayVWel- of 
RMRnL nnd luring I'nintcn ; Bryiin'ti Did. of 
PaiiiWn and EDgrervTV, ed. R. K. Oram; 
Oeat. ting. (iSfiV) 3id Mr. vi. 106.] L. C. 

EVANS. WILLlAM(17»^ia77>,wfttci^ 
colour painttfr,bom at Eton on 4 T)tc. 171 
ira«fonor:S«MrLLl'>AX<>,alandscBiH>pniutfi 
of repute, who ori^finally lired in Flmtihii: 
but ifubcvquvutl V cami< from Walus and svlllt 
at Wimltor. Hem hn was wiect^d to 
drswing to the daugblerM of <A>or^ III, i 
viruntuiuLy b«Catiui Urawing-makti^r at. E 
College, where he settlod. Theva are fomal 
views of North WbW and Windrar by him, 
which have bt-t-n i^pawd. Ho U"fl 
about 1^14 for I>roxl'<jrd, Uampshiru, w1 
L« d'tvti about IfiSb. 

Willi^im Evan^wM appolnttid by ttr. Keati 
drawin^nuuter iu bis ^ther'a place in D^l&l 
Ilowasedocatwl at Kton.nnd bad orit^in&Uy 
•tudiod mndicino, but nvfuluallr tum*<d 
art, and became a pupil of Williiim Cnllti 
Il-A. [q. v.^ Ik' »-«» ■•Itx-tt'd an oMorialv 
th« ((Id I^i^^tY of PainttTs in Waier-coloilf 
on 1 1 Feb. 11^^, in which yeiar be i 
drawing of Wind»or, Eton, Thtntes 
men, iWmouth, and Llauberis,aiid on '. 
I88U he was eWted a niuniber of the society 
He cont.tnui'd tobv acon^taui coniributjiri 
their exhibit tons. iiiAurt wa# not marked I 
any jt^eat origiaiility, but had much vigat 
aud brilliuncv ubwiil it. Hi' inadu some ' 
drawinga of the Klon ' Montem,' whirb we 
engraved, and aru nuw in tUc possi-w-ion 
Ijord [tniybrooko. KvanN contintM-il lotr 
drawing ar. Eton until I8:i7, wlieo bia wii 
died, and he tnad^ up hia mind to movn 
I^ndon, At that liiu*> thi; oppiilaas at Kt 
Hiill continued to be lodged in faooMS ' 
by ladies, known as 'damtw,' a dTMcm wl 
w«» in gr«at newd of reform, and which pis 
tbaboyfl under little or no<>ontrol. It beb 
Ur. llawtruy'a wiah to ptucv ibv biHiixL 
h<iii!W« undvr tb« charge of xat'Jt (■nnncclf 
with the work of tbeschool-the Kev. llioni 
CarK'r, the Htsv. Edward Cob-rid^, and tl 
hoY. Oforge Selw'yii (aft-rwartlH biablip 
New Zealand) persnadetl Kvnni- to tnlie on 
of tbi'Hc Iiou^ta und retain bi:i former piinti 
ae drnwing>uia.4ter. Thi.4 Evaui> did in 1' 
working with gt^kt enetfr^, lie built tt 
huuM:, tho uamo of which iaUl coutiuuus 



p 

I 
I 



be ■ lioiiH>bol(] wortl ubiou)^ Klonians, and 
'.III? KtOli of (he present dav may be said, to 
» cvimin exivnt, tn<liit<- from tho con«liiution 
of l-;vaii»'« li(>ti*e. Aini(tijf iIih ma«t UBefid 
reforms int roducM.>d by him and S^lwva muy 
he itif^nnrw) llmt of ' p«iiitiii(;' in vn'tmiuiii^ 
abnjiaallnw«d togoiipon therivRrat 
EransditHl, ttfivrttoiuL'yt^aw' iU-h<^«ltli, 
sl "F.ton on \i'W VcArV i-vr-, IHr". H^ ms 
euec«><J«l ill tlir jMWt of dran'iru:-nini:ter to 
th* school by bis eon, Samuel T. 0. Kviiiw, 
also a nn'TOl<*-»' of the Society of Paimcrs in 
V at«r<-olouri,and lu tLeitmiiafceiuentof the 
boarding-tiouso by his dau^liter, Mist Jane 
Emu. 

[RedgraTe** DieL of ActUta; Otile;'* Diet, of 
B««'D|iui'lLaTin|t PainlMn; Art JoiiniaM878,p. 
7<t : infunitniion from 8. T. 0. Eraiu.] h, C. 

EVANS.PiRWn.U,\MT».\VlI><]7«7- 
18S1), liivryiT, iion of John Kviitia and Janet 
Butt(^rl)<--ld,waii born in Lundon i^i'tMnv 17117, 
Biul f^uciir>_-d at Harrow School. On ntUkin- 
in^ hit) 8txtiwiith vear li« wa« articU'd to a 
"Warrinifton Milicitor, in wboAe ^tli<^« he re- 
lieved tlte ttfdium of bu^nraa hotirv by court- 
isvthfl miiM>«. Hf wa« adtuittttl nn itttonii^y 
in Ft'bniarr KW, and be^an to procti»! at 
Lt^if^f in l-»ncjKhifw. Sion an^TwardH hu 
fntpn>d hia nam<> as a student of firay'a Inn. 
and in Fchniary 1791 wvs callpd to the bar, 
whou hi' ifiinfnl the norrh/m circuit, roftk up 
hia residence in LiTcrjK>i)I, and pnicli«K.>d there 
iat tewrnX yt-nni as a apt^Lal plcndrr and 
coDveyunc^r. Id )79(> bu pu)}Uitiii.<d hi# tir»l 
VDtk, an Milarf^ Million of ' Holktild'a Ke- 
ponV 3 %()1h. 8vo. (lis UL'xt work vfoe a 
toImiii'.' of K<u*ay« "O ihtf Action for Moiwy 
Vtii and received,' Ac, lauy, 8vo, t'ollowe^ 
in liWt b^'AOvoural Viiiwuf tht> Dwisioua 
of l.oni Alaunfii-ld in (?i¥il CViiiir'ji,'2 voliC-lto. 
In ISOJ b« prodiwfld ' A Tn>alisB on tho Law 
of OMi^jntiiinjtandConlnirt-ii.fniia the French 
(rfI*uthiF^,'2 voU. 8vo. Hf romovw) to Man- 
ffI»M>i*r in l-^U?, and there estabhshed a lu- 
entis ■) pwoiiw. Hii ' I^tt-r to Sir .S. It)- 
luiJIvon tbe ICf'viMQiinf th>>llsiikriipt L,aw«,' 
^ublifllictl in iHlU, bad frroat intliicnce on 
*uba^|ijcni h't^'ijIntioD. lloL'jldBlrun^f viuws 
in laYour of cathtdic en](inci|iiftI.i»o, nnd in 
181^ wrote »omc able ' Letter^ on the Uis- 
■hiUti<*>>>f til*? Itnninn (';(tl:rilir9 iind DisiiH'ri- 
li'iii.' On lb" firri »p[K>intmcnr of a slipp-n- 
diiry niapisirnte fur Maiichpster, in IHiy, 
l->an4 wa* otfc^-d imd aoccplwi the olliiM-. 
Two yemrs tat^r he wiii* apjxilnlfd vioe-ohui- 
roilnr of llio rotiniy polalinu of loncaster. 
Hr held tbt'wHilKi-i-nriineuiTi'JUly until 1818, 
«nd di>M!lt»r;t»l their dulWwith diKnilratui 
Impartiality. In ihcmiuniirDn ha nuhliithiM] : 
1. 'Ttw Fnctiou vS Um Court oi Common 




Pleas of Lancaster; LHI 4. L'. ' A Cltarge t9 
the tiriiiid Jury at I'ntMon." IJ^17. 3. 'An 
Address ou ili« Diwhareiiig the PriMnim 
appn-Lended on account of an iUi-gnl A*- 
setuUy at Mauche«lcr,' 1817. 4. *A Col- 
lection of Stntultu relalinK to tho Clrrffy, 
with Notes,' 1817. 5. ■ A Collection of the 
Slftfutnc coiiii«ct(?ii Tvitli tbw gcntjrul Ad- 
ministrntinii of the Ijlv, Airnnf^cd accord- 
ing to tbH Order of ^juhjvcie. with Nolea/ 
Mniirhi-HftT, ]817, H voIk. Kvo ; a second 
edition nppeAn>d within a year, and 5iihBi>- 
i[iiently a third edition, continued to \iiS& 
by Hammond and Gmnp;or, wa;< iMuod. He 
collet^ted materialfl for oth^r worki<, but <Ii() 
not lin- to flnieh them. Sir C. IT. Cliambera'ii 
'Treetiaeon (heLuw of Landlord and Tenant' 
was compiled from his notes, and he It^fL in 
lutuiiucript a'LLfuofthL'CltauL'vltord'A^UHa- 
aeiiu,' which (JlmrteA Htitl-T madv un of in 
hia work on the enjoe subjiacL 

In 1817 ht! WMH uiuturci'^fol in an appli- 
cation for a racant jud^>Aliip, but i,wo yeart- 
lot'T llnj nKunlership of liombay, worth 
7,000/. a year, was conferral on hint, and at. 
the same time he received the honour oT 
knighthood. On ihd Trtj n^!' out Evans occu- 
pied himHell'on the oompoiiuon of * A Trua- 
tiwi uiion the Civil Law,' and be ori^nslcnl 
u weekly lit«rary publicalion for ihe umuse- 
ment of his fellow- voyngeni. Hn hi'^^iin his 
dutti-a in India with ^at promise- of <<urceaa,. 
hul in littln niortt ihnn finmsn munths after 
h'ls arrival he full & victim tn a cnmpliLiut of 
«(>ni>< ^atunding, no doobt a^n^'avatea by the 
climat.% dying on H IK-c. I^iil, in his fifty- 
fifth year. 

Ili'wnnman-if.'d iti ITWtoIIannah.dauffh- 
ttr of I'tirer Seaman of Warrington. She 
survived him tilt 1W"J. There is an cngrawd 
portrait of Evana by Scriven. executed dtortiy 
before hig ^oiiij; out lo llumbay. 

(Sicholion'a Memoini of flir W. 13. Kvnui^ 
WarringlOD, 184ft; Aililx>iJ«'s Diet, of AuthctSi 
MsucbeeterFree LibraryCat.] CL W. & 

EVAHS, WILLIAM EDWARDflBOl- 

1H<U), divine and natiiniliat.wnK lRimfiJuni> 
l&Ol ut t^hrvw^hnr^-. He inhc^rited a tanto 
for piirfry am! uutunil hittlury from hin father^ 
John KvaiiM. M.U., who Vhs a phvitioian iti 
that towii.nnilauthiirof s poem in fourbooka 
on lieeft (IflOfl-lS), His motlif-r was Jane 
Wilsoo. A brother, liobert AV'iUon Kvan» 
fq. v.], bcfiime aroJiiU-acon of We8imor«- 
land. J'rom Shrewiiburv School, thfiti ruled 
by Ih-. Hutli-r, Fvnnsgained a wholarshtpat 
dlarv Hall, ('anibridifc, whent he proo4xHle<1 
lo the decn-B of U.A. in l.S:i3 and -M.A. in 
1^:^<j. .\|UT lukin^ holy orders h« Wamo 
curate of Llauymynvcb, Shropelure, till lin 



:.vanson 



7« 



ti van son 



tnarrilgs to a coiuui, EliutKlIi Evans, whva 
b» Tnw preaent«d to Iho living of Cnttffirtn. 
MonlgDm^n'sliin;. T!iU,howoT*ir,hB resigned 
io onfor to V\v- nt Hurton Court, I^omimil^r, 
whirh hifi %vift* biul inliurJUMl, iiud lo linlJ th« 
sole clmrgw of lU" pnmh uf Monklnml. In 
1846 lu> wftB appointed prpbendory of Hcrv- 
lonl and prwWtorwf tlui <'»(liri!niL Aft-^r 
bolding Sf onlf tonii fnr ri|^hlpen yiyirs, in 1 Wo<) 
ETunsuLvi-jitrtl rln>Iivinpof SiRdkTwilbTib- 
berlon, McrefordBhire. In IWl ht. benunu 
canon of Tlcrafonl Catli^lml. Hifl hulth 
&il«d for ihc Inst two or tlirw) years ofhisliftf, 
and he diftl in the Close, Hrrefoni, 21 Nov. 
1860. 

RrKM posMMal ft tirdv apprchfiiKion of 
natural onjecU and bouutiuf, »oiiiv iril, anil 
a fair finiount of rrflins. He was an elo- 
quent uml eiT<*pl itp preacher, a farvfulBludfnt 
nf animsK espPciflMT of iMnl*. ami on fxra-l- 
lettE an;;!or. Tli* clisof work b ' The Sime nf 
th« Bird* ; or Aunlojii*'!! of Animul nnd Spi- 1 
litual Life.' 1845, 8vo, in which tin* hnbitjinr| 
birdfl are hUowh to l>o instinct with higher I 
Iwaonii. TliuN thfir ' rising and Mariner,' he j 
SWIM, is cmhlpmniiciil of ihi; • spirii ual liiifht.'* , 
of the rt-nuwed spirit.' TUp inlrodiiction Jis- 
plara muc>i olw^rvatinn, nn^ has hw-n nglilly 
call«^l 'foUof prttceandlii'!Hity;'lnit.lln! wr- 
ftifioalinu falls uliorr of liis aiin, although he 
flBntim';nlJi ore froniienllyeluvnltni.niid n tiiirn 
and r-'IiniiniB litrain of tlinupht i>vi'rTH'npne 
ppnadpB it. Thftwi.'nty-tm-nchfiptorsoiiour 
chinf wriK bi[\U dhow tin- ininutt- rart'fnlnfM 
and iiccnr-.«;v of Ei'aug'n powers of obwrva- 
tion. Bf«iili'» thiB he wivil* ■Sormnnft On 
Gratis,' • Family PniyvD','' First Uevolationa 
of God to Man' (Snttui>ii»), and a * I.fUtT to 
th<i rtinlinp 'of n>-peford] on Ilicwi-Mn l'.Au- 
cation,' l8W),wilh oni-or iwooccoHionaUer- 
mona, IJe left onf daughter and t hr^y sons, 
on« of whom is the preewit vicar of iluluivr. 
Herefordshire. 

(Athciueniit. IB Jnly 1846: Lnaid's Omdiiati 
<^inlat>r. [), 1*0 ; Oninkftird's Clerical Di»«ory, 
1860; iafonnatiun fcvrn bis »ou, tlm Itev. K. A. 
Ex-aii*.l M. 0. W. 

EVAN80N, EDWARD <1T3I-I8(V>), 
diviiH*. "nN* 'wm at "Warrington 31 April 
1731. Ilin anc-lp, John Evaneou, ni-tor of 
Miti.-liani,r?mTcy,e<lucalrdhim,andsiMit him 
to Emmanuel CoUcp-, Hambridpn, in 174fl. 
lie took ihfi di'grw^ of fi-A. 17J0, and -M.A. 
17S3. H« t.irtk onlerd, and became f nrale to 
hifl nnrle.who appan-otly kept a nchool. In 
1769 hf- bfcsmi- vjrnr of South Miinm», nrnr 
BamM, In 17tt!) Lonl-chuni%Ilor Camden 
gave him th" vicarmp" nf Tt'wktrwbury, at tha 
ntpif**! of John Dodd, 5I.P. for iV-wliny. 
Uurd introduced Evaaaon, ■» a uwmtmr of 



hia own colh>(rf, to \^ 
thrsUvn^lhof ilunl* 
alxo iht; piTpoMial curacy of 1 
cfialerahirr, and Jii .\ii)[it*t 177 
South Mimms for I^mfrdon inW(»rc'ej«*>r!ih 
Ilei*- EvHiiaoti Iwgiiii to nhow iiri'T-.riTn \t 
in(fs. Kftwrotftothe Anrhli 
bury (Corun'allis), who w«- 
oth<T di^iitariesof th'! rhiin.h,tjjiu; lohI* 
platini^mniechaQpe.^in thnlinirg^'. Evi 
hoped tbjit tlieNiceneand Athananiani 
would not be ri^taincd until hhi objpti 
(bent had been considered. ) Ii* LecK'-d t hi 
arrhbishopwouldehovrhim howtosuruounfJ 
hiBM.Tuplraifth'jy wiTcfiruundk'BS. Thfarri 
htflhnp ilirl not n-ply. Evanum adnptt^ tl 
iituTKy to his own opInion«, A «-■• 
thn lltiiiiiTTOction iin Kaf>u-r day - 
1771) pavB additional ofTi'm-e. an 
' cutiim wa»in9tltuteilby NeiMt llarsnl,! 
cl-'rk of TowWlmry, and othtn in the i 
I torycoiirt. EvansonptiUishi^fltionyt 
in I77y a pamphlet upon 'Tlio Doctrin 
Trinity and thi> Inooniiit ion of <jod.' (hu'i 
the witntiiuwj* fiidln? prtMiH'ni lou mnt>"! tlinf 
Eranson explained, on boiuf; r^pr 
rntainin^ tiia living, that hn ' hnii . 
the art of staninjr,' and tliat the carv ' ■■! , 
great school' hnd previ-nlod hjtn from pr 
parly cxaminin); hiN opintona until lie 
hxed in the ' WKTupt chorch." The case ■ 
hf^nrd before ihc Bishop of GlowwM<>r 
Itt Jan. I'T't. Some tii-haical otjitrLinc 
l«d to the failure of the pnia^culion; hut 
HppMtlg Wfr« madu to tbo court of nrrht-Jt, 
and nfterwanU to (he iN^urt of di'I<«^ 
Evan^mwoApoptiUrinthepamh. Thoj 
Hjul inhikhilnnlH of Tewkt«biiry a«h»w 
to pay hi.* fxpi-nm**, and thp [H'fiplr nf l.oni 
don L'spressMi their ivillinpiu;^^ id a<-c<-i>t htl 
allontionii of thw aervici'*, AVLHld»rrbiiniiT,| 
ttiR ftolintor-gencml, dofi'ndi'd him gralui- 
tntisly, and on SI Hay 1775 wpoiniod hiiA, 
bu> ehaplttin. tn 1777 ha publuood * A l>>t(»ff| 
to Vt. Ilurd, bishop of Wowmict,' in which hi 
nrguos that either the christian rerelation 
fnW.or every churvhiuEurop.-.and^'speciallj 
llie church of England, i.* ' fa!*" and fiilmloii.*.'! 
iiert'Iio9 upon the argumeni f n i ' 
cii-ji,vrhirli,BC(H)rdtn{^tohini, I' 
apostiuy of trinitarianbro. i 
wiui miturally t'i>H"Wed by (h 
hi.1 ]ivin;r. Tlij* b'tf't to the ' 
tl^Marehl77'J. Uenowrelur; Umo, 

niid K't np a •trhoi]!. Colonic! L,i.-,, Ll>.[tin«a 
Stuart, tJ^n of the Eurl of Hutv. the father < 
one of hia pupils, upttltnl nu amiui'v i-.ui 
him, whiiih vne paid iiU Utn dnath. 
held familv a«-rtie>M, uxing 8«niui ' ' '. 
version of tWliturjcT. with additLonalt^tu 
of hia own, Uu ndmi&i&teriMl ih« 



upper to vUitora, holding it to be the only 
crament.nBd iau.ii(li;(] fur ull eocin] j^tbur- 
, Kiul III* wiiOiMl ta Ml up a nuciely of 
'ChrUio philatithnipist*' to hear t'xjitMitioiiB 
]( the BUtoi'nlic i*rriyliirf)(. He hnd ii contro- 
fr«y with Priestley in tlie ' Theological Ha- 
sitonr,' roL v., aiguiag agaiiul the sanctity 
_. tli« nbbftth AS nndATstood br Pricatley. 
Tluve papon were oollccted ana published 
hjr EraiMOD with a letter t o Prieatley as * Ar- 
mmenta agsitut tho Sabbatic«] ObscrvAneo fif 
tiMSuiiday'<l79:^). Iul79i' lie also puhlitbed 

f'TTie Dissoiuuicc of the four j^ontfrnlly rc- 
■cvivc'd £Tuiigvli«Ui and iht- Eviduiira ot ihutr 
AuLbcuticitf examined.' In this he rej«cta 
the goepeU according to M&ttbvw, Mark, aod 
John, tho ftpiMlnTi to Ihr ItntnnnM, Kphi»iianJi, i 
ColoAAiaiui, and HehTo^fl. ami t hose of James. ' 
Peter, John, and Jude, bt^sidi's part of tlm 
otiier books of th'^Ti'STAmpRt. He inui again 
uuvrered by Vriestli'v (in reply to whom he 
pablidiediiil704 a 'LetttTtoDr. PriMll(*T> 
Xouag Mau'), ux.[Hmod from a b»i>k club, and 

I'pMterMl by anooyuoiu letters.' Thomas 
]^coner aliio repbed to him in a cuuni! of 
'Sampton f^-rtunM'piihUolu-din 1811. Kvan- 
•on alam publishwl ' ReflfictitHis upon llwStnte 
of RcIiRiou in Chriitt-ndorn,' IWli?, and ' Sv 
cond Thoughu on th«* Trinity,' IW).'). Kvan- 
Bon in 17tiiS inanied Dorothy jVlcbome, 
daughter of a London merchant. She pro 
bably brought him a f^nutii!, a» he afterwards 
bought an aatate at Hhikenham, Siillbtk. U« 

■ afterwards ruttrud to Orvat llcnlinpi, iwar 
AS'iK)dliriilge, th«ace to Lympstim, IJevtjo- 
shire, where he preacherl to a unitarian cnn- 
gTC-KAtion. OD(i nnftlly to Cotford in Denm* 
sbin^, when' he dii"-!! on 2'> S^pf. ISOK. His 

• friends testify to the ex(!i>llenco of hia cha- 
racter, his eiij^King manni^rs, and his lHh^ 
T&lity to th« poor. 

Htt sermons, collected in two Toliimea in 
1807, oonlsin the obnoxious sermon of 1771, 
nod an aveouuc uf tho prOiHsciitiuu in aiunxT 
to Havanl. 

[Monthly Ma^. Decembor ISOil. zx. 177 -S3; 
anit.]faff. lSt>6,ii. 123J; yvastUAVard'n Origin 
aad V i v BM a of the Prosfcncion in Tovkmharj. 
in8: ^^eboWls AiMod. vi. 483 ; Lir<i (byOwruD 
BogHFs)prBlxiMl lo SamMnis ; Warliurtonn I.CI- 
. ton to Huid, pp. 4S0, 487.] 

^^ EVELYN, JOIIX (lC-iO-1706), Tirtuoso, 
^B fourth child and second son of Ricburd 
^M Kvelyo of Wotton, Siurey, by Eleanor, 
^B daugltler of John BtanJjReld, was bom &t 
■ "WoUon, 31 Ort. 1620. Thn Evelyn family. 
iMitd to linve comu oririnutly from KvMyn in 
Xormandy, had Jtettlctl in Shropshire' and 
afterwards in Middlesex. Oeorga Kvelvn 
<l6a0-1603) Toi the fint to introduco the 




manufacture of gunpowder into Kiii^Und. 
He had mills ai I.oni; Ditton and near 
Wiilton {K\T!i.TS, Mine. U'l/rkt, 183t», p, 
689: Oamdmn, ffri'rtnniVi, ed. Ciihson, i. !H4>; 
made afortune, and had nixtaen sonsaodei^ht 
danght<!rs by his two wives. Tho sons by 
the first wife foundfid families at Long Dit- 
ton, Surrey, and Godslonc, Kent. Richard, 
his only mu by his isecond wifo, itiberited 
Woilon. Itichani's estate was worths .000/. 
a year, and in 1633 he was sheriff for Sussex 
and Surrey. Jolm £v>.'lyu wn* put out to 
nurac in his infaney, and in IG25 sent to live 
at Lewes with his grandfather Standsiield, 
who dii«l in 1&27. Hit remained with his 
(prandm other, who, in 16:10, marrii^d a Mr. 
Xewt-tirt of Sonlhovi'r, Lewng. Kvelyn rw 
fiisod — to his Aubspiiiiiint rngret — to Iwive 
bin ' too indulj^ent ' ifrandmotber for Kton, 
and continued «t the Soulbover fpco school. 
His mother dit-d in ltKl6. On 13 hcb. 1037 
he WHS admitted a student at tho Bliddle 
Tempk-, uuJ on 10 May following a fellow 
commoner of Dalliol, wh«re lie wa* pupil of 
Ticvor^ Bradehaw, proh&bly related Lo thu 
nfjiade. His tvilor wah n«gli*L'l fnl, nnd his 
studies were intemipted by seriona attacks 
of t\siitr, bnt h» raadB somu frietirlships and 
studied diiTicinf^and miiiiir. He left without 
A degree, but received the bouorarv desree 
of RO.L. in HWH. In Ui40 h« took cham- 
berii in thei Teutplo. His father diixl in De- 
cember of tliat year. In July 1641 be went 
to Holland with a Mr. Caryll, and joinud 
Gorinfc, tliitn in the Diitrb wrrice, for a iiliort. 
time iiun at^er tht^ fall of Genep, a fort on the 
Waal. In Octobrtr h" relumfd (a F.nglnnd. 
He stayed phinlly in Ijontlon, ' studying & 
little, but dnncing and fnoUng more,' till the 
outbreak of the civil war. He joined tin* 
king'sArmy jiiflt after the fight at Brentford 
(12 Nov. Kill'), He was 'not permitted' 
to Btny beyond the loth, nnd judiciously r*- 
ihsited lliat Jul nnd hi^ brothers ' would b« 
e)cpo»ed to ruin without any advantdgt- to 
his majesty.' He tberufuru amused himself 
at Wolton, making Tariouainiprovenu-nls in 
I he gardens whii'^hafterwarda became famous; 
and thoti^fb in Julv 1643 hr itrnt bi:^ ' hlnck 
mona^rn horse ' to Oxford, he obtained thn 
king's License to travel. He crossed to Calain 
on Tl Nov.. apent somo time in Pbiib and in 
tho'l''rwnch provinces, went to Italy in October 
1(M4, and reached lUime 4 No\'. 1644. At 
the end of Jiuiuary 164^ he visited Napbw, 
nnd Hft'-rwards stayed at Home until l^May. 
Hr then travelled to Venice. Ho studied 
for some time, at fadua, where lui bought 
somn • rare tables of veins and nerrps,' after- 
wards presented to the Uoynl Society. They 
Were dijionbL'd by Wil1i4km Con-pci (Itl6(V- 



Evelyn 



80 



Evelyn 



iriKH I'll- v.T in 17(tt,andftdL'Rcription, written 
by l''vt'lyn Tor Cowiht's information, now be- 
Ic'mifH to" Mr. Alfred Iliitl Ae etched five 
filntt-s fnnii liiri own drawinffs, made on the 
wny fnmi l{iimi> to Nnples. At the end 
of 'Ai>ril lliHi ho wt out witli \\'aUer, the 
|ii>i'l , iind nt lit'rx for V'i'wna and Milan, cra'wed 
thi' Siiiii>liin, iind til Ot-nora had a dangerous 
ntliu'k of unmll-imx. lie rt-ached Paria iu 
OctiilHT Itlltl. iliTi' hi> became intimate 
williSirKii-hHr»lIln.wii.'(Uajfl-l«8;t)[q.v.], 
thi'u the kioffM unibiiKoador at Paris: and on 
i'7 .1 Hill' ll*l" wiv!< nmrrirtl to Mary, Itrowne's 
lUilv ilau^htiT. Ill S'pii'mln'r lif ivtumed 
III Ku^'lmid, leiivin^ liis wife, who was at 
iiiiiot twelve yearf old. with her mother. 
rM'lvn'x dinrii'K *\wvt a kivii inlt>r(':>t in art 
niid linliiinitii'H. and n i«lriin^ npimvial ion of 
iH'iiotilii) MvuiTy. altliiiujih the Alps were 
iiiiliirnllt 1>H> lerriHe to U> a^jrveable. 

IIi'vIiivihI iu l\nijl«nd for nearly two yeare, 
a hi>.k1 tWi ihvnpiiHl, it s<vnis, by the in- 
\e«iiiii'nt of hi4 fortune in land. In October 
litL' hi< siiw ih>> kini: at Hampton Court, 
mid m ,Utiu.ir\ l(>li> publisheda tranfllation 
of I a Motile V.e VavtT in * Liberty and Ser- 
utiid.-; with a chori but decidedly royalJHt 
i«tvfn»v. fiT wliuK he was ' threatened.' In 
.liiiie It'll' lie |:\'t a p»*s from 'the nibel 
UiMdOwrt ■ with which in July he nttunu-d 
to I'rmuv. r.-.i.-hi»(r Paris on 1 Ah|?. In 
livn» li." jviid a short visit to Kngland, and 
tni.au i,nir».HlinrfhnuirjlC52. Thinking: 
iti.- tx.\.itwv CiiUiH- hojH'ltW, ho now resolvtid 
I,' ^i-iiV si S4i\t':« (.'oiirt. IK'plford. The I 
lSu'«-l.-.» h.Ul «'l<'a.«> fnim the crown of the 
HI 111.", . w liu-h had N-en weizitl by the parlia- ; 
i!,!>i c.-Uu ohtiiinetl the king's leave to 1 
, .-.',• iv.iiv.d w ith the ivcupicPi", the king also , 
,..^.,,.„...^ ;u the event of a restoration to 

..ii\- ■■ 10 liim in fee form. Kvelyn sue- i 
. .■. .;. .1 111 .vtuivimdini: for ;i,r.OO/. i'2-2 Feb. , 
U.>i» Uo ,>l'taiuiHl leases from the king 1 
-.1' ■ i'.- Ke-t.-ration yi'ni. Statf Papert,\ 
J\.e.»- .■ ■• IW. It**" '""1 i>>'"y< 30 May , 
lik-;- H,.wa!.«ftt'r*ardsliaraa«ed bylaw- 
n \ ' 'id ilaiiua ni»on the crown arising 
.>,.,„■., ,.U.imvsof moneytoSirlt.IJrowno 
1 i.i,'..,..i.T Mis wife joined liini in Junti 
1 . . • ,.'. \ y • tiiisllv w'ttled at Sayes Court. | 

I ,.:,■, l-.s«-a ii«i.'llv '">''' *''« It<'8toni- I 

, .,.„,.MiiK' Uis.'^f in partlening and j 

.„■- » . ,. iVa.M>mintanceof menofcon- : 
.... ,. , ,,,... II,. was on friend y terms 
« ,-. i..'.„ \\dkius.thewan1cnof\\adliam, , 
....I u^.« i-.a, l..*hop of Chester, and with 
li . . ' . V... ;,-. to w horn in l«W' hea<ldres..ed 

. .... ft si-henie for building a 

* ".: rol'r:^ lonlnwhereafewmen 

j.,,„,,,„.„ ..f cxi^tiittontalknowledge. The . 



scheme was au^^sted by the meetings of 
which Wilkina and Boyle were chief pro- 
moters, and which soon sjterwards developed 
into the Rnyal Society. At the first meet- 
ing after the Restoration (January 1660-1) 
Kvelyn was chosen a fellow, and he was 
I nominated one of the council bv the king in 
[ the charter granted 5 July 1662. Evelyn 
' had corresponded in cipher with Charles 
and his ministers. On 7 Not. 1659 he pub- 
lirfbtnl an 'Apology for the Royal Partv,' 
and in 1060 ' The late News or Message from 
nru.4selB unmarked,' in answer to Marchmont 
Xeedham's ' News from Brussels.' He also 
endeavoured to persuade Herbert Morley, 
then lieutenant of the Tower, to anticipate 
Monck bv pronouncing for the king (letter 
dated \-i Jan. 1659-60). Morley declined 
from uncertainty as to Monck's intentions, 
and had afterwards to obtain bis pardon, 
■ with Kvelyn's help, at the price of 1,000/!. 
Kvelyn as a hearty royalist, although it 
miiHt be confessed that his zeal had been 
teiniiered by caution, was in favour after the 
j UoHliiration, and was frequently at court. 
I He was soon disgusted bv the profligaev of 
I t lie court iers. He confidea many forebodings 
I to I'epys. He took no part in political iii- 
triguex, but held some minor offices. He 
wasaniembi^r ofsomecommissionsappointed 
ill ItttL' for improving the streets and regu- 
lating iho Mint and Qresham College. In 
(.Ictolier HHU he was a commissioner for the 
cure of the sick and wounded and prisoners 
in the Dutch war. He attended to his duties 
when his fellow-commissionera were fright- 
ened from their post bv the plague, and 
Htiiyed at IVptfora, sending his family to 
Wotton. 1 le incurred expenses for the pay- 
ment ofwhich he was still petitioninginKCii. 
Part of his claim was then allowed (Kotn 
niul Querifn, 2tid ser. ix. 267). On 28 Feb. 
1071 ho was appointed a member of the 
council of foreign plantations, with a salary 
of 500/. a vear. Jaraea II showed him much 
favour, and from 24 Dec. 1685 till 10 March 
I(W>-7 he wns one of the commissioners for 
the privy setil, during the absence of Claren- 
don lis lord-lieiitenant of Ireland. He ab- 
sented himself occasionally to ai-oid active 
participation in illegal concessions to Roman 
cat iiolics, and was pnifoundly alarmed by the 
king's attacks upon the church of England. 
E^■elyn coiilinuMl to be warmly interested 
in the lloynl Society. He obtained for the 
Royal Society a gift from Henry Howard, 
sixth duke of Norfolk, of the 'Arundelian 
library' in 1678, having preyiotisly (1667> 
obtained from the same person a gift of the 
Arundelian marbles to the university of Ox- 
ford. He was secretary to the Royal Society- 



Evelyn 



Evelyn 



I 



Sw ihi* Tfior betnonin^ 30 NoT,J77i*' In 

l<WL'. nni] n^Hiii in ItilH, he wii» pfPsS'il lo 

:il, bill i1*-cliiJiHl bmh liul^'( on ae- 

l-inTillli. Urt c^intinued bis gar- 

di-iuii^ at SiiyvH Court, niid ailviMtd liin 

lirutln'r at M'«»ll<m, mid won a nten^uihed 

luthoritr upon Rrchiteciure aoA \anaiMM\yi! 

iT<iva'iae. Hr wa« unB(iir>.*|mtnm of luu- 

un<] uniiits, twJri fading Ciibboas and 

H<^ was iuiiniHtLi with nian}* disttu* 

ed cimi(>iii|i<ir]iri>-t>. F^miu'l IVpyiiand 

■[h^ari/ilinwliftcl a NtrnniTinuluiil respect. 

mkocciuiouiil loure to Hia friviids' boiwcw 

rions pnrt» i)f Kn^lanrl, dtid sires some 

mitu;i (If^criirtioas of ihi- country. 

AHer ilie rovrtlution Evelyn, who wba^ 

fci't'viii^ olJ and v-nn i^ki pi^od n I'Htv to np- 

iianiteuiirifiwrvcdlVjlivpJin^'Atcr 

it. About 1691 hia i-ldyr bn^iliw, 

[(•■»C|;>-, 1<«> liU liul male dcacendant, and 

stAj^itlcd the p^xmXe upon Eralyn. In May 

llW4 Kvekn Inft 8«y.™ Court and •rflled 

mil lu8broi)i<>ral Woii.jn. l[t>anerwBrde 

t Sayej Court to Admiral Bwnbow (i" 

KWil, and Ik-nbow siiblor ii lo Peter the 

^Oftait in ih'? summer of 16H8, Tbejr were 

bad leiiaiit-, aii<) tbo czar in said to bare 

aniU!*rd himtulf by butitg trundlt-d in awhvul- 

luirriiw lu'ruMM I'lvL-lyu's tlon'urtied« and fil- 

Tnurit*" hollT-l».ytt,'t'. A kuiu of Ifi'J/. 7f. was 

»llnwrd fur lUmnt,"** by Peler'a hucn-lary 

iyi<tff/tndQufnf^,i:RdB»T.\.S6o). On'2JMiLy 

irW Evt'lyn reoiovt-d nit lii* rHmaiiiiiiif [irf^ 

[n-rty ff^^ni flnywi Ooiiit. In \7ni) th«< nnu^u 

wu let 10 ihe vestry of Si. Nic-holM, lV*pi- 

lord, tn l*- n^i'A OS n workhoii*'. In I8l'0 

thi' i.'wasingreat uartdemolisli'-'d, 

Iju: : >u«e remaint-a on tlic »il'> till 

Wa. lu 1.^^I &1I tJifti eurviv-ftvl of Savi-a 

art was o>uv*rlod by it«owner, Mr, W . J. 

n, into th« Eveh-n almshouacit, for the 

tnodaiioii of old rwidenia on the 

ill r«!i-ip( of parochial rflicf. In 

' a^aM'piirt of lbvold)^'rouiidj) 

: n- ([-'"il"". with an endowment 

furl II onb'r. The Sayw Court Mti- 

jKiiu-, '-'I -i;.'!.^ in Mr. l-'v)dyn, adjoina this, 

aadiuwihcr ndjoining sjmcc of tiri.' icnw ts 

pnwnt a^vi ii» n crickft-puund. OHwir 

, ..ru of th"" old estate are oovanJ bv build- 

nip' mid it' -Vj. dr "Vii f«allinirYard(.lJKWji, 

j/i-,' Mi 10). 

1- ' iii)f corrvniondent 

in I' I 'iiikv. Asoue of Boyle's 

Tm 'vl lltiitlf-y to tht tlrst 

■ i iv MirjH couftulled 
I [i,u!i. !(ti*7l. Evelyn 
i.*i ijjfcia tbi^ foiiniUtion of 

lb. Itl8l. In hilK'i ho wan 

GiKiolpVin, 1rf«nper to 
, llksn founded as m mo- 

>»!„ ITlli. 





morial to Queen Mary. lie lield ihe otHca 
till AU!;ii»t 17(K{, wbt-u lt» i-esi^i-d it to liu 
HQn-in-law.pre I .slyljivHubKlilutt-, William 
Draper. Tlie wUry of I'OO/, a y^'iir hid not 
hi^itn iiaid in January ItKM-", On 4 Oct. 
1HU9 lii.. linitiicr Gwirvtt died at Wottou, 
uuikin;* Wis danght^t VMxahctU, wife of Sir 
Cyril \VTi;h(>, lii« eolo fxiTTilrix. Hvniyn 
had llio library and Mimr- pipliirM and in- 
lierit-sl W'otton, wIiptu he [ma^ed the rtst of 
his life. Hm died 27 Feb. liOtl, retaining 
Ilia fiirnltie.4 tn the laM, and wna tinned in 
tba cbnnct'l of Wotron cbiirclj. His wife 
died fl Feb. 1 "0** 9. in tliceevcniT-fourth yenr 
ufhorafce.aiidwahburtiKlbeiudemm. Evelyti 
bad six sons: Joliii Trj. v.]. and hrcwhodtcd 
in iufuuey; one oi tbeiu, Uichard, born 
;'4 .Vii^. 1I15L', died -27 Jan. UloT-M, hning-a 
child of vxtraordinary prvcucity (Bl'O XHaty 
and pr'f(i(!t- lo Guldirn Ii<ii,k'>fSt.Cbiy*fuili>m.'}i 
ntid three duu^hters: Mary (bom 1 Oct 
1605, di.-d 14 March UVvi), « prl of whojw 
aconmpliiihnkeiitd Evelyn ffires an afTeciin^ 
account in bin diar^', atid who wrotu the 
•Mvindun Miiliebri*,' publi^liod bj him in 
UiOO; Eliiabeth (born 13 Sept. 1307), mar- 
rii'd to a nephew of Sir John Tipprrl. died 
20 Aug. ItWtj : and Susannah (born 'M May 
I6(}9), the onlv one who aiirvired tiiiu, ma^ 
ried in 106.3 to William I1rap>-r uf Addis- 
i.-i>mbe,Surr«y, KvelvH \!> tlietvpical iiiBtunoa 
iiffheat'c.omplLtlied andpiiblic-spirilvdcouo- 
trv t;<.-iit.K'innn of thu tte^lomtiOD, a moua 
and di'Toted rofimlxsr of the churrh of r^np- 
land, and a staunch loyalist in npitv of li» 
pnivi! dijtnpproval of tli« mnnnertt nf the 
court. Ilia domestic life waa pure and his 
fllVections strong, and he devoted binitelf tO 
work of public utility. iLltbuugb prudence or 
dillideuce kept bim aloof from the nctiva 
political life which might bavo tr-.fte<l hia 
character more sewrely. Ilisi XwA* «r« for 
Ihe most part occeaioaal and of little TwFjna- 
nent value. Tba '.Sy^va.'^upi'n whii^b 1h> 
iH^Ntow-d bi.4 be.4t w>ri, wa* lunj; a ntaudard 
authority, and ih^ ^Diaries' bare gicat liis- 
torirnl viibir>. 

ICvetyn'fi portrait wari painteil by Chante- 
fwll in Its-its, by Vanderlx.rebt in 1(141, bv 
It/vN-rt Wstli.'r in ltU8, tind bv Sir GodftBy 
Kneller in HWo and (for l'epy;> in 16«t. A 
copy of Kneller'* first portrait wua pr^cnted 
, to the Uoyal Society by ,Mt». Evelyn. Nan- 
teuil in Iti.'iO made a drawing from which 
nn cnfrnviiig waa taken. 

Ev«lyn'!i worfci arH: I. ' Thd Stato uf 
France as it stood in the ninth rear of . . . 
U'wia Xni,' law. 2. * A Cbanlcterof Eor- 
land,' 1(1>M>, mmmnnly said to havo tw»>n first 
pubUabed in 1601. An edition in It^D waa 
utawured by 'GalltiaCaslratut.' Aloilvrin 



Evelyn 



82 



Evelyn 



kdU (o t)iis was ptefixm) to a third odilton 
in IC&9 IffarLMUe. (1M3),x. 1&9; SvmerM 
TracU (I8It»), vii. 176). .H. ' Apolocy for 
the RoTul V*sXy . . . , bv a I-over of rea£« 
Mid Li* country,' 1059. i. 'Tim Ulr Nnrvu* 
from Bnisael« CnrnftAketl and his jrnjesrr 
VinaicnM.' I6fl0. 6. 'A Voma upon Ilw 
Stajesty'fi Coronation,' I61II . 6. ' Kncoiinter 
bef'Ween the FrencU oDtl Spaaith Anibassu- 
dora,' 1661 (printed in bin works). 7. ' Fumi- 
fuj?iuni; or tlie inconvrnionciM of lb*.' acr 
and «inoak of Ijondon dU»inaU><I, to^i.-ther 
vriih aomt^ rcmL-dios, . . .' 1661 (T<>printo(l 
ITTif ; a curious accoiuit of the ' bt^Uisb uot) 
dismal cloudo of m^a-^viale ' which make* 
London uuLuallby and vsvn iojun.>a vint-- 
varda in Franw, with suffgcstioiw fnr i-niwl- 
lintf Qoxlous trades, for extra-mural hunal^, 
•nclplaiiting mwi-fI fiiwera in the subiiib*). 
8. 'T^rannus: or the Mod<-.' 1061 (in EwIth'-s 
'Mpmoire' (]8I8), ii. SttViH). 9. 'Sclilp- 
turn; or thie Htetoiy and Art of Chalpo- 
graphy ... to which ia annexed • new 
naonor of cngrnvinR on mmotinto, , , .' 
KJGiid'WTC'jjriiil withaMoiinlj. 10. *SyIvB; 
or a discour«i of I'oreitt Trci-.* and tlti- pro- 
pauiLiou of iJmbi'r ..." to which is anncxM 
^Pomouii,' 'an appi-ndix conccminR fruit- 
K treea in relation to riclor^ . . .' 1601, 166D, 
ie71» (.-nUriTPd), 1705, 1729 (with otlier 
■works on gardeninf^l : ^-ditiyl by A. lluntor, 
M,I)., i'i>^-, fifiheditioQ Wlh; *Donclr«ilo- 

fift," an «brit%i?nient, bv J. ^litthcU, 1827. 
I. 'Kalendanum Hortea«s'ltJfH (wilU the 
•boToand wparatcly: leulh edilioii l"Off)- 
13. 'Public Kmploymtim, and an Active- Lifv, 
preferred to SoTituda, and all ila App&nagea 
, . .' in roplj to a late 'eflsav of a cwntmrj" 
title [by Sir 0. MuckL-uiiL-],' 1607. 1-3. ' T1j« 
three lato famous Impotilori, Pndr« (Hto- 
miino, Muiioract Ik>i, and Snbbatai Seri,' 
HdiO (from iiiformanls wbow niiTiiPS be A<e- 
clined to give). H. 'Xavipntioii luid Com- 
merce,' 1674 (the Cnrt. pan of tn iat^^nd'^d 
' Iliatorr of the Dutch War , . . uiid^rtaktMi 
by th« King's deaire from otGctsl matcriali,' 
which nppUYRtly did not give ftAtiitfiu>t!on. 
The partpubliahudeupm-nedat tbi>dt-mand 
of tho Dutch antbuastuior : n-pnnl<«l iu Lord 
Ovcrslouo'a'SolMtColk-ction.'lf'r.O), 15. 'A 
Philatopliical l>iMt>iini« ofKurth rvlating^ tn 
the Culture, . . .' 1670 fr.*ad to tlm Koynl 
Roeiety 211 April nnd 13 At«T Hi7o ; reprinf<«d 
with •Tf^rra,' 177?. odii'cd bv Uiintor). 
16. 'MiinduB Mulichris,' if»90|^>A Voyugfl 
to H&rrland,' in rhvme, end the * FopUic- 
tiouarv,' by his Jiughti? Marr — Uianf, 
10 March lti«4-6). 17. 'Numwmaln; a 
Discourse of MeduU . . . with some account 
of hoarl^ and (i|1igi«« ... in i-ctilpf niuI 
taiIl«-douce, with a digresRion concemlng: 



ph .' ie!i7. 1*?. 'Awtann. a |tia 

com .-..-tn,' 1((99 {part of an impt-rf-' 

'lilvBiuui llritannicum, nevi>r printMl, ■ 
which lilt! coutunts an- i^vm iu Iita worlujl 
Th« ahovi?, togntlitr with Home of ihi- dt^oii- 
rJitoT^' lottt-ni ta translations, art- in UpcoltV^ 
tuition of ib^ 'MuciOlant^HMi Works,' l^ldft,! 
excpiit N'ofl. B. 6, 8, 10, IB, 17. 10. 'Life, 
of Mn, GixJuliihin' [sw GuDOirmx, JLi» 
OftnRTl.w.tupubli^hccI iV'ni hi* niaiiii"rript li^l 
ni.'iliopAVilh»'r(orc*tinl(>l7. 20. *Hi9lor^-«if] 
. Itpli^ion;or a llation*! Ai-count of lbe1ru«f 
' Religion/ by the Itov. R. )I. RranKiu (2 vols, 
in ]J^60); a fraj^mentaiy book. 

The following; are tranfllations : I. 'Of 

Lilwrty and Swrvitudc,'Iftl9(rn>aH bo French 

' of Va Motht? I.ft V'ayer), in ' MtscrllaoMiu* 

WrititiTt^.' '2. ' Efiitay on Firnt Book of Lu* 

cn.'tiu« . . . tnadn tCnelinh vt-rsw by J. K/ 

16.')6 (fmntiaiHPw byliiflwiff and coutpU-- 

tueiitary wrw» by li\ nlK-r). 3. * Tin- Fn-iich 

, Oard«tt*er . . . irsiwlntud into Kngli-th by 

I rhiIocflpo*,'16o8,l6Wt(withKvctTn»nntn*'), 

I 167',\ lOUl. 4. 'The Golden Book of St 

I (.'hryiMslom coiimrniiij; the Education ol 

I (.'hildrt^n,' Itt'iO (dedication to bis brother _ 

with aiTCount of his son), in ' MinM-llantKXil 

Writings' •'". 'In*truclioaa concerning ibi 

ErectioD ofa Library,' 1661 (from the French 

of G. Naud6V 0. *Ti tivirrfiptovT^if'Atft^iat* 

1664-5; eecond wirt of the 'Mystcrr of Jo- 

Huiliam,' of whicD the tiret tmri (ItlW), in- 

cUiding Pascal's ' I'rovinclal l^tt«?r»,' ww 

nppan-ntly not by Evelyn; a third part it 

1U70 waa tranalalod by Dr. Tontnir (i'H 

ZHarv for 2 Jan. KitU-'t and I Oct. l67t<l 

7. ' Paralittl of Ancit^ni ,\rcbiteot»ro will 
the Ma<1em . . .* to which tuadd'dEiti * .\i: 
count of Archi(«l« . . .' \Wi, I' ' 
fn>m Iho l'"n*nch of Fr*art. de 1 

8. ' Idea of the Perfection of I'oitii iuj^,^ 
(from mtofi). fl. 'Tho ('onipl^it ('•{ 
(with directions roocvming mflou9 si 
orcngo trws>, IWW (frora the Frvnrh 
Quinrinid; *Of Ganb'na' (from the Ijiti 
of lit-ni ttapin) was piibiithpd by V.mh 
in 1673, hut translatnl by hi* Fon. Et||| 
also wTOlo * A Li.'tu-r to i.ord Hnmncl 
anew Machine for PIouffhiii(».' IU»W-1 
tht> 'Phil. Tnine.' No. 00; 'A l-'tiiT 
-Aiihri'v,' 1670, prinlt-d in hia ' lli«torj- 
Surrey' and in ' Jllawllancous Writ t nip ; 
T-rwa in CrewhV ' Lucrotiim,' H>h(). auif* , 
l^ttn on ihi) >Vlnt*^r of lyA-l-l." in 'Phi 
Trans.' IQS^l A list, of unfininh-d worki 
rtpn-scntt-d by manuMripl* at M'olloo, 
given al; llio t^nd of his woifcti. *A btrtt 
on ImpTovemrMt of thi- Kot.'ti*ll 1-And 
in'*!unt. JInp.' 17117. i. iMS It), munti 
trK}ti^'on»ily which he luw written, 
showed a jilay anil some pocma U} IVpy 



Evelyn 



83 



Everard 



6 Nor. I Wo. Foe ui account oCmm«> mann- 
acrtpts hv F.TftI^ we •Uivy,' 187t>, pp. 
cxv-«xviii, vol. iu. 190-4. 

[T^ie mnin authont; for Evcijm's life U the 
DMrj. Am pnblbtMHl in 1818 nnd 1819. oliUO 
b; Wtl^iatu Bny. u part of * Mcmoin ... of 
Jobn Ereljii), comprisinf; his Diarr, » A^lMtion 
of bin fiuiiili*r Ixtvro, jirivito (simuuiodtian 
brtvMn Charlc4 1 and 8ir F.'lvnnI Siclwdria . . . 
and hHlvr4in KilwiLrd Jljiii? nixl .Sir lUrJuinl 
BrovD*.' 2 vols. 4tv. Tbo iilitivn in 1837. iHliud 
ly rw.v.ti, is »id to bo th« mow Breunte. Id 
t£p •dition in 4 Wa. 1879 (mprintcil frum 1H27 
cclilion), t« pRf]x«J It Lif" <)f Krelyu, bj Uvnr^ 
B. Whmilej, Previoiu lircs an ia Wood^ 
Alhma'. ir. 161; the ' OiMienil DictionAfy ;' 
VtatlDB,'* I!anjiitixg«, 1T41( 1^.143-0; pwfaw 
to ^il[>ttiTi-. 1725: aai] Bio^. Brit. 8m aUo 
Pcpja's L'iiin' iiih] Coriwpon0«i<« (pAMitii) ; 
UotI-** WV.tI:'-. 1772, ii. *«+. ri. 287-9« ; Vltat- 
UV CorwF<i;iJtiteo. ISW. i. 74. 01-6. 110-18, 
li&~S. 131-7. 152.0. Ift5^, LSI: Thonyibjr 
Diary. IS.IO. i, 327. 340; Tborwbr Lotfein, 1882, 
i. 314. "'>. ^Sl ; tLtm>iiCorr«>|)aD(lMi>c«(OiiiKL 
S)< 218-4: ICi^lul's CorrMqiOtidMice 

Of^ : a, i. 9ft, 119, 123.1414-4,11. filS; 

KdUti lUid Ucurim, 6tb Mr. xii. 241; Tbom»oo'< 
Bonl &oei«t]', pn. &, CA ; BirvliV Udyal Socltf 7,] 

L. a 

^EVELYN, JOIIN. the youngef (1655- 
"y), translotor, third but eldoal surviving 
B of .KJjH Kvi'lyu [q. v.]. ibi- v. nll-kiiorrn 
writt^r.wofl bom lUJku. ll£>4-J). (In IIIHm'. 
lUOCt hie Ijitlior {>r?»ont«l bini tn Hyp quc^t^n- 
TDirtJier, who 'nuidrt ir\tninrilinarv nincb tf 
him.' l.'ntil 166:i he ■wifl • nmoh hmnj^il op 
•mongul .^Ir. H<iwnnr>> chiklrim nt Anmdol 
Ifuiian.' In I6r^'k Mr. Uobiin boonmo bin 
tolor Early ia IWi", when ' newly out tf 
lodfl eoMirt,' hii wTi» f*nt ro Trinity CnllpKi?, 
Oxlonl, umlcr I>r. BaUinnit, lie li?ft (Jlifrt^l 
in Mareli ltjl)9, hikI was odiuitLe'l of tlio 
MmUI1« Tcmph! 2 May 1672. On 2fl March 
107U hi) father took him to mt l\-t>^r Unn- 
niufr. bijthop at ChicheMer, who )f^ve him in- 
■tnictidu and ndvir'] * b-^forij he rccoivt.'d ib'.^ 
Holy Surranii'Dt.' l)n l*."i May of tbi- unmc 
ymr h* bi>C)uiu> a ytmnip'r Imnbtr of Trinily 
IIou>«, and an 10 Nov. lltTo ho w«[il tn 
Fnuuw in ;hc 'uita of the iu)ibA.''.«adnr l'I.oiil 
BKrin-JiTTt, r^ttiminif in Mny of ihe ni'Xl 
ji«r. In Iti'ffumlHT HW' touiijt Evflyn wai* 
c-aipli>\<^ II] IVvoiiBliin? by tlw lri>«»ury, ■* 
• nmnmlftrioncr n^i<t-ctin|t ' conccaluent of 
lu»d.* Ju*t o v-<tr liiiff ba xnu pnNwntiMl lu 
W " ' t.jti^lon by 

O. '.. y. .\»ft 

Voiiiiil.'. r :ii I. .■[■■. 1,. n If:! ■■ - r r. . -ji bt' bt'llM'^i 

ts •m.-urc tufonl for William til. In ItaW 

hfr— ■' ' •'- ■■■■■■■' -l-l-'.-.f thi'trwi- 

••1 If tWl'Ivi.'- 

in< .. -. i. .-. ^.- ^ ^i^iiii^..,.i-mi!t ot re- 



venue in tr«bin<l from ](!02 to ]t!W. Ilu 
ivlurntKi bome tn greaisuUerlnff.imddiod in 
Derkeley Stn-et, Loodoa, ^ Blard) IOOB-8, 
in bi» futher'fi lifL-timo. 

Kvelvii nturrietl, in 1C7U, M&rtbA, <Ltuffhter 
and cohfiresB of Richard Spensf'f, edo., n 
Tnrkpy m.trclianl. Hht- died 13 *?pl, 1726 
(/list. Itfff. for I7i6, p. ^). By her be bad 
two sons and thrw dauffhtors, but only a 
MOn, John, and a dan^hlor, Kli(ab«tlt (wife 
of Simon Hnrcnnrt, mn of Lonl-chuieellor 
flnrcourt), mnrivml infancy. Th9 son John, 
l»rn I Miirchl08I S.nwmcd, ISScpt. 1750, 
.•Vnue, daugbler of Edn-ard Doecawen of 
Comvr&ll.wiLA made n bsronot 30 Julv 1713, 
budt ft library at Wotton, was • faUow of 
the Ibsyal Society, and commiMJoner of co^ 
toms, and dit^ 18 ,hily 17C^t. lUs grandson 
Kir I-V^lOTck, A -lohiier, dic*l wiUiotit iiwn«> in 
1812, and his t'stalva f«U to hie widow, Mary, 
duiif^htvr of Willitun Turton of ^tiiiTordshire, 
who bequeathed them on hei- d-^th in 1817 
to John Kv»!yn,« direct d^fjcwndsot nfO^oTge 
Evelyn (l.Vll>-16(«l), and grftndf8tli« of ihe 
present owner, Mr. William John Evelyn. 
Sir Ji^in, ft fint oouKin of 8ir FiWcrick, was 
foutth baronet.andwith th« death uftlueSir 
Jobn's brathi-'r Iliigh, in 1848, the baronetcy 
becnms axilncl. 

EY^lyn translated lb«! foUowin); wnrks: 

I. 'OfGardena. Fourbooks. Firstwritten 
in Jjitin verM' by lirniifiw I{ji]>inii», and now 
niftiir' KnfrlUh,' I^ondon, lfi7;i, drtiiontetl to 
lli-nry Bijnoet, wirl of ArliD|:ton. 2. • Tbe 
llistorr of the flrand VinitTS,' London, I W7, 
frijui tlie French of Francois du Cluissopol. 

II. I'lulurch's ' Lift- of Alexander (be (Irtuit,' 
for (Ik- ' I'lulftrch'fl L.ivc» by Si-vcral Handfl ' 
(lOIt-'-H. To tlie third edition of bie father's 
'S\lYft'ilH781 Ei"olyn conlribulpd .lotneprv- 
fator>- Urcek fiexamfivr*. wrilUn at ibu agn 
of fiftr^n, and in the Iilsi izhuplf^r Ihn Mtcond 
hook of bin Tursion of Kapio'a 'Ilortorum 
Lilies* WAK n-prirtl^d. Si>v>-nil jKxnnN bv him 
are printed in Dryden'tt ' MiEceUuntes' and in 
NicnolsV 'Colb'Ctinii of Popms,' 

[KTtlyn'a Iliftty, ni. Bray and Whcfltl^y, i, 
llXiTti.'and ii. UhWbi ; B^Va's I[i»l. of Iltrpt- 
ford ; Wgod't AUMSte Ox«d. «d. UUm, ir, 08».1 

P. L. L. 

EVERARD (lOeS.'-IlBO). [See Eao- 
iiAiin.] 

EVERARD, JOHN f^. Ittll), catholic 
stiidont, woA bom at Penn, Noittiampton- 
(Jiire, in Vi^7. For MMon yiwrs he was 
f^ducAted at homi" under a B.A, of Ciim- 
bridgi-, unm>;'d Johnson, and eiibscqiii.<nily 
he prurtifutt-d bi» *liidir-« fur half n vcar 
under the tuition of a doc-tor of divimiy 
cajni-d Strickland. Tb«n bo wan atmt to 

o3 



Everard 



84 



Everard 



OUre Hall, Cambridge, and placed und<^ t.bo 
CftMs of Dr. BjT>|r, princiiml of tl»' collr-ji"- 
Evernrd'ii fnllii-rdied inltVlrt.anrl hi.^nitHher 
afU>rw»rdH woe nmiTitMl to liichard Smyth, 
reciorol'Diilwirl(,Nortlinmpu.n»hin', Whi!.* 
at. tilt' uiiiv*raitv 111? was tonverU-d to the 
CHllmltc fuitli tlirouKli reading th>< work* of 
Rellannin aud Stapl-'toa, and gcing to tltu 
nollep.' uf Vhe Kogtisli jwuils at St. Omi>r he 
wan thf-Tf. ppconciled tfl the Roman chnrch 
by Fatber Jubii Floyd. lie n-oe admitted 
intrt lliii Knfflisili Oollejro nt Ilome as a pro- 
bnliniu^r in 1010, but he Trent away afW 
two or thrv>- nimitliM, lit-cnuiM) fa» wmii afflict «d 
with dimnf>'<^ intbi' head during hiaxtudiM, 
aod aliio WcaiiMi lie wa> tina)i]i> to nftnw with 
hU fplIow-*tiidi>nti». Fti't iiniitif^ ro Knglnnd 
be ]}ublt»lK'<i an nccoiint of his oxwrienpvs 
an m Atudenr in a book Mititlcd ' Britnnno- 
Itomniivs, «iv(> An^ligennruDi in Oollegio 
Itomiino vitw ratio,' London, 161I,8vo. Of 
hia HubecquenL can-LT nulhint; vcrtuin is 
known. Pirrhaptt In* uuiv h* idi'nlioal with 
th(;.ii'"iiil fnthiT John I^vcrard who died at 
tlie Prof<»8ud Uoum, Antweqj, on 6 Vix. 
1649. 

[Folcy'a RMordu, It. «ll.n'. 257. rii. 234; 
OIUoVb Itibl, Hict, ; (i«. of Prinl*J Book* iii 
Brit. MuB.] T, C. 

EVERARIi,JOnN,D.D.(lS-5M6B0P), 

divine and iny»tio, waa [irobablr bom nboul 
1&75. Hi> van educated aC Hlare College, 
Canbridgv, wlienj iw priic"i"b'd lo tlm two 
de^fTfM in arts in Itiffl) nnd 1607 rcsppctivhlj-, 
mnd to tbal of D,D, in lUlfJ. Uia younger 
dHvii,he is taid to bavn confoMcd,werR day-i 
of ignontncft and vunily, vben be walked as 
ntlicr (rcntil«« and aa mpn lirinif ivitboiit 
flod in the world (pT«face to Gn»pel Trta/nirf* 
opened). But be became nshnnied of hu 
lormflr knowlpdtre, cxprtAsions, and preaoh- 
inga, aUb'<UL'b be was known Co In- a wry 
grent achiil'ir nnd fw pood a philosopbfir, fcw 
or non*i exceeding bini (H.) Sunn- time be- 
fore una lie hrTumti readier al Ht. Marl in'win- 
the-Field«. Lntidon, for ia January of that 
year bo was censured by lh*i IJidWp of Lon- 
don, nnd compfllfd tn puhliclv apologiM to 
tbn lord mnyor and aldprninii tor alandering 
tlipm in a ftenuon. In 1616, too, bt> nnti^ 
litihcd 'TiiG ArriL'ri'ban,' a Bormon wbicli Uu 
had preachitd to the company of tbe mili- 
tary yiu^l at St. Androw")*, Holhoni, and 
■which be dodicalwl !•> Friiniis ]t:io(in, bin! 
"Vcnilam, In Mawih IfiSl Everard waa im- 
prisoned in tho GatvhoiiM for pr<t«obinK 
indirectly n^'ain^t ihf- Spanish raarrinpe, by 
iuvrlching against iheSnaniBb cnieltieB in 
the Indies, rie waa atili in prison in S«^ 
t«inbiU', when be |>tititioncd tbt; king to 



mle«8« bira, promiainf; not to reneat 
offi-nce. He failed, bowprer, to Ireep hii 
proniiMO, and n|;;ain AQfTen-d impncotiinonr,] 
in August li.V22 and at later datea. for iJio ' 
f4ini<' ruuse. Each timc'aome lord or oth-^r' 
begevd bi« pardon of 1 h<- kintt, and ai oft>.-n 
aa UTerard r«gainMl Iuh lilierly Uv nfpda took 
Qp his tiixt on the unhiwfulDeas of matching 
with idoluk'nt. The frvqiiL-ucy of the appeals 
for ihe royal jHinlon aIlrBi~l<*d lh« atli-Jitinn 
of Jamc« I, who is ri'porlfld to bave said, 
* Wtukl in thia Pr. Kvirr-oiil ? biii nanu; »lia[l 
be Dr. Xever-oui.' Kverard's great powers 
of preachini; drew large c<ingrp|^t iona, and 
when, Uting nppi^intod chaplain lo T»rd 
Ilolland (rBrxSE, IM-len It'ork* of It'irk- 
nf*t, p. ^), he left St. Slartin's for Krn- 
Dington, his audiviid-t. wure fa-<hionnbIe and 
aristocratic, though be profeaaed that liis 
evnnODs w<>ni dvmiguod fur tbo poor cobblers 
and the like wlio came th«nt to Immu- him. 
la 1630 ETcTwd. who bad thi<a apperentlj 
n living at Fh'-"'"'''1, •'■■^■■x, wiw cbarccd b»" i 
fore the high ■ i conrr with li.'re*T,l 

being accused .:--..l.i^;-'.lyi'f familisra, ami-l 
nomianism, and anab«pti.ini. After Ix'infjj 
kept some months waiting for hi^ trial ho 
waa disuiis.«>-d, but waa socui again pr»a^- 
cuted, wht'n Ljtud ' ibrcatcncd lo bring him ! 
to a niorael of bn«d because he could not 
mnk(^ him stoop or bow bcforu him ' ('[iniWaj 
to fififjift TrtamrfJi). It may b)»v«* wvn oit] 
' this occasion that he was donrived of hia^ 
Iwnefic^', worth 4O0/. a year. In July IftW 
he was linpd I.IXHV., but in the follnwinj^i 
June, wlien he read his submission on his 
kn«-» in court, he wna nilc-iuM from hia sus- 
pension and hi^ bonds were cancelled, tiia 
alleged herenv, howeTer, continued to get 
him into trouble, and hn wm again waitiuK 
his trial when ho fidl »ick. ' lie liv>.'d low« 
Strafford and C'ant«rfaury pnt under t he blaark 
rod, nml was gathun.<d to Ins fnthvre' (f*.)j 
The ilftte of his death win proliably in tie. 
ehortly beforv IdTiU, in which year was pnb-| 
liftht^ 'The Dirinp Pyni«ndi-r of HerTnc""! 
MercnriusTrl^rae.j-istnB. I ranidated nut of tbu 
»rij;iDal into Engli'sli by ibnt learned dirinv, 
j Dr. Kverard.* Thi;* was the first Fngliobi 
Tersion of the ' I'cemnnder,' and to a ntcond 
I ndition pnbltsbod in 1((57 was addrd n tran»- 
I latioR of HeruM'i ' AwcU-pius.' Krurard't 
I translation was repuhliahed in 1^84 underJ 
the (-diton^hip of Mr. Harem vi> Jmningn. 
Sucbof Kvt>mrtrimprmii[;' - ' i -r»-i 

tion by thp bishops wi-rc i .^nWl 

the lil'le 'f>ome tlgepel 1 i i»\ 

the irolii-scof nil nnr-iil Tf-t 

morelhoUichesofftr!" V 

9el5 of Meroy. in *••% ■ : at | 

Kensington and eUi:,._... ~_, ^--'^u .,..iArd,| 



4 



I 



U.l>., (leoesBod : irbcri-unlo is adJedtlieinys- 
tiokl divilUljF of Uion^siiu the Ari-<>pitg)t« 
•pok<:u ur, AcM xvii.34,wiiU colleciioiu out 
oTtitlurrUiviut-aulliDrK, IruisLntBclbv l>r. Hve- 
ranl, nowt iMtfon' i>rint(^il in KiigflHli,' Lon- 
4)>n, l*v»i, 2 pi*. Tdf voliiitii-ii Hrn (liilicHled 
to Oliver Cromwell, and bt-arthi- imprimatur 
of Jnwpb C«ryl. A M>cond vdttigii, called 
• TIw f ifWTiel T rejisiirr opcn.-d,' bat otUerwiAe 
sot diflenn^ (toid tliu fir^t, vra.* L<wued in 
I60II ; in li''7 the Mrmorm wpru n>print«d 
M fifnoRniown, It.RA., hik) on« 01 tliem, 
' Cbrist Ihc Trutf Salt of tlw Earth," was re- 
priot«d in Kn^ttund in ISOO. From tlivw 
iLermona, whicli Art- i-Jtc«lteiit ns coin [xni lion*, 
H would appear that in bif> iiitr«-^ncnite 
days Kv>-nird woa n nvoplatouiil, 4Uid il- 
nuuRiil a (iiitcipl* of Tnuier. A tiimng flavouT 
of ni^'stic-ism <liBtintrui«lit'B tbem, and thv 
oiitlrar iiunUn fix>in ]'1h(i>, Plo4iiiiii>, and Pnri- 
filua, as Wfdl a^ from many of tti^ earij 
clihstiim writpm. Anotlwr small work by 
Erenirrl.'A Panililf-nf TwoDrop^ n-A^ninr 
togetlior/ was republislied in lt#Jo by U. L. 
ICobertd of KiildonntnftUT. In the imirer- 
»ity library at < 'anbridgv aro [mH>erv«d tiam 
mnnu«cript» by tlvenuJ, two of wliicb arc 
prinlnl in the 'vollMrlionH* appended to 
' Soniti (.]y»]it>.l Treasiires (>]H-)ied. 

[Tho main tint mmtsire autUuritj fiir KvBranl'a 
life b tho addnw' to tlw r«iulor,' preCxud by R.ipha 
Harfofd to 'Some Gofpel Tr#«aurca Apened.* 
Tben ar« tanoy rtttmaaa to liini, fur lliH mutL 
part uainponant. in tli« Caleadars of Stal« 
Papers iwording the pmoMdingB of ihs court of 
lii(fh cutiimtiifiiuu. Sw alao Not*-* aod Queri««, 
2wi err. iv. M8, r. 16», vii. <o7. 4lli "W. i. 59? ; 
Gardincr'a IliHU of Enirl., iv. 1 18. 346.1 A. V. 

EVERARD,MATIIlAS(rf.l8r)7t,inajo> 
p;nirral.of Ranilile«town,c<i.Maitth,th!nlMni 
of Ttiomaa Evvrard of Randi ImIowti, by bis 
wifrand cotMin, narbnro, dau^ht«r of (_>'Rtilly 
of IJallinlougb (,'ii.''tli\ and ii*!^ of .Sir Ilonry 
Nugeut, wa« n^pointod ^nsjpi in Ibe ^nd 
or Qui^nn, rvKitneut at Uibrultar 'JH Svut. 
1304, aiul bixainit liiuU^nont 21 Aiarcli 18(V>. 
In Decpmbtr liJOi* thu company to which 
yoiinp KvtTnrd br-longi-d, with Iwo utlitTs of 
lii* n>girar*nt and I wi> nt tb«) dlth foot, were 
capture 'in tht^ir M>ya(;v home from Ciibml- 
lar by a Fri-ocb sqii^iiron <•( mjc g&il of tH« 
linv and »om" friitnlei, under Admiriil Uuil- 
lautn^t, bound for Mauritius. Tlio troops 
wi'ru nut iin hnud Ln Vultmtairu fngaiL- and 
rarrt*id almiil for thr»! mutilb*, unlil lja 
^'olontiun' run into 'ralilf Jiav for wau^r, in 
iffniimnif of Ibn ivcnplnn'of tli-^ ('njiu bj- 
Uw Bntiah, und lind to Htrikf bo tlio flhore 
bftUvnea. Tbi* lr<.->i<4 -a. r ' laiidt-d, and Iko 
eompanitwof lln- < ' 1 dutv for aomo 

< M Lbn Cat" J I >:iO of tbo &4tii, 




to which Everard apniiors to hare been tem- 
porarily HttBclivJ ibrdiiiy, were sent with the 
reinforcrinentH to Tho Uiu Phita, and uctwl 
»« mouiiU-d tufautry with the fori-H under 
Sir Samuvl Auclirautr [q. v.] A\'hilB m> 
umployi'd Ki'i-nird Iwl tlie forlorn luiim at 
Ilia atiirmingof Monte Video ii Feb, 1807, 
wht^n tw(^nty-twoout of ihiriy-twomwi with 
him w<>re killed or wounded. For thid srr* 
vicv Kvemrd rpceivt-d a Rword of honour from 
thn Patriot icFittid ut Lloyd'sand the freedom 
of thocity of Dublin. He wn« alw) promottd, 
23 April l.'*07, to a company in th« 2nd bat- 
talion l-llh foot, with whioh he served at 
Coniana and in the Walcbunm t'jcpvdition. 
liiiring the latter he waa tliankcd in general 
ord^'r» for Lis conduct at iho tsiwe of Pluidi- 
in^, IS Auff. 1800, wIk-ii tbi' flunK rtimpuniM 
uf tbu l-lto, ono of which ha commanded, 
fiii|i|inr1rd bylhv riwtoftlio battalion, in con- 
jimriion with Rome of th« Oerman legion, 
nlomivd oni> of the enemy's batteries and 
.'H«ti.td a lodgmtint within muskct-ahor. of 
tho walls iCAjtsoy, Jiut. Jitc. MM Fuot, p. 
tio). lit- wuM suluM-qiiently transferred to 
the lat battalion of Lis ro^imeot in India, 
and oommnuded it at the w^ of llattntui 
in 1817. He commundeKl u ilank battalion 
in Ihe operation* against ihif PiudarmMi in 
1818-19, woa made regimental major 10 July 
1B21, and cuimitiandMl it at tli<< xtoriuin^ of 
nhurtoore iJit Dec. 183S, when tlw I4th 
heuiclt-d one of the colomns of assault, and 
unsnppiirted otoArod the broach after ihe prc- 
maturv explc«ioa of a mitte, aud elTucted a 
junoiion with tho other column led by the 
5t>lh fool, the sieadineBi and di^ciplinu of 
these two regimeDtd, lo c^uute the worda of 
I..ord Combcrmcrc, 'dceidinff the fate of tho 
day' (16. pp. ^'^ -&). Evvrard wua made CD. 
and a brevet lieutonanl-coluiiel. He liecam'e 
ivgimcutal lii-ulcuDnt-colotitjl in It'^ll, and 
commfindod tbiT n'giiu»::til fur a pcrtoil of nix* 
toen vi«rs at home, in thn West Indies, and 
Nnrtli AinrricJi. He was a K.ll., Ijecame a 
major^neml 11 Nor. 16S1, and latterly wsa 
in Tvceipt of a diiitiiiguished service peitstoa. 
Ev«rard. who had vucccoded hisdder brother 
in the faDiily t-.*lnto, died at Soathaea, uu- 
marri«d, on *^0 April ltifi7. 

[Bariut'aLandtKlOeoiry, 1898,od.sapp. itndst 
'Brerard ofllaiKlile^tovii.' Ciiii&onV Ilict. Itec. 
lliid or Qaeen's and 14th Foot; tfnrt's .Army 
Littj ; Qaat. Uag. lid aar. ii. SIS.] II. M. C. 

EVERARD, ROBF.RT (Jl. lfifi4),ratbo- 
lie writer, was a gontlemaii of liberal educa- 
tion who hod been ctiga^;td in the civil war 
with tho rank of captaia in ihit rripT of 
(.'harluH I, and who, * accordiim to tbu cntbu- 
uBsticul diapoeiliou uf dhow timi-e, bad listed 



>— ii-'-IPWS-.-- . — - 



Everard 



86 



Everest 



tunifttlf under diflt-rent mcis.* KTentually 
tiB joiiukI the lEoman catholic churcL 

llu wrot«: 1. ' Babj-'ba^tlinn fCoated,' 
LoniL lOfiO, 4to. ThU elicited a i«ply from 
NaUuniel Stflpbess, a prmlnrti-'riiiii pr>'-Behor, 
whcMO worit wac crittcuKd ay Johu Turning 
in his ' jVniipmdohuptian.' 2. • Naturp'e Vin- 
dicBlion j nr k cht^ck to all tbosi' whu aflinn 
NntAim to be Viie, ^VI<^kM^, l'^mip«. and Siu- 
ful,' l»nd. 1051', ISmo. 3. 'Tlirw (iue.«tioiis 
proiHiundvd to H. MorWy a)x>ul hU pnictict? 
of Irving on nf HuiUa,' I^nd. ii. d. ^ro. 
This led to n controveray between Ev(.'nrd, 
MorlAjr, and T. Morris, a bnpttst. 4. 'Thn 
Creation aiid the Fall of Mnii,* IjQnd. n. d. 
8ro, Nothanial St«p)iiMift ivplif^d to this in 
' Vindiciie Fundaun-ini ; or a Thn-cfuld IK*- 
fenc* of the Doctrim? of Orijfinal Sin/ KSfiS. 
5. ' Aj) E|)Utlo tu thu SL'vnml Coagregatioua 
of lJifiNoil-f>infonniiita' [Ij<ind.?],2;id Mil. 
1031, Svo. In thiE work the author eUitcs 
UiQ TVOMMW of bin nmranion to th« catholic 
ehurch. Replies to it waropublinhed (it 'J.I.,' 
Malthew Puolc, and Fnincis IlowgiU. 

[Dodd's Cburcb Uiat. lu. U2 ; a'dltn/ii Bibl. 
JKot. : Cat. gf IVintwl Uoob ia Brie. Uu.] 

T. C. 

EVER ARD, a/iaiE VERETT.T HOM A S 

(15(]0-1633), jeauit, bora at Liastcad. SoSblk, 
on 8 Ffib. 16(10, wft« son of Htnrv ETcnml, 
a (fL-atleinao who euflered iiii;iri«oQmi.>nt for 
the CAtholic faith, and of his wife, Oatb<.Tini4 
6awdj7. Alter puTBuin^ hlg eludj«8 at home 
for nboitt Aix reara nnd n half be was sent to 
thtj univunily of C'ainbri<lj;«, wheru hti r«- 
maiued for u yeur and a half. Hitoiming ao- 
qoaintvd with Falhur John Gerard li» made 
llie spiritual onercuus uilh him In London. 
TTipn ho proccodt-d to TLIi^iinii, and was ad- 
mitti'd into liiv Kutjbsh Culloee there in 
lfi02 [IJouay IMarirji, ^i. ITj). lie studittd 
philoiiapbj' oud divinity at Khi^ims and 
Courlraj, nnd was ordainsd priest 18 Sept. 
1G02. Deuig admitted into the Society of 
Jmus he h«ean his novittat« at Toumay on 
4 June lJJf», nnd aflvr his fiimplo vowa he 
was KBt, 17 JoQA IGU-'>, to tho coltci^u at 
Lillet For w-TMal years be trns minixlcf at 
thti colk-fA: *ii St-. Umer uid at Watlen ; 
■oduit and maAler of novice* ut Iionvain. 
Ha took bis hut vows %b n spicitunl coai][jiitor 
in lOOi. I Iv WM in England for a time in 
1603-4, and had a man'tillnus cMapo from 
UTMt. About 1017 he revisited tlii?.couiiliT, 
and exercised itfuritnAl fuuetioDs in Xorfofk 
•ad Suffolk. A twolvemotith after his ar- 
rtral be n-aa apprehended and detainivl in 
prison for twoyearB, Ho waa bnnuluxt from 
the kinj(d(rt« in March lOi'O-l by rirUiM of 
a wamal. Ixom tha lords. Un andcaTouring 



tu return fmin cxilo in July I0'23 he was 
fieised at the port of Dovvr, bat wa* UTentu- 
ally rvlessed on bvl wi<h Ibv 1ih« nf hi* 
'IkioIu, picCiuw, and other impertinenna.' 
His name appears in Gee's list ol priests nnd 
jrsujis in and about liOndon in l(i'J-l, and 
aleo in a catalogue seized at Clerkenwell, the 
London reaidence of the order, in \G)i>i. He 
wasthi>n a missioner inSuRblk. He died \a 
Loudon ou 10 May 1^3.1. 

There is an engraved pottnit of hitn in 
Tanner's 'Societal Ji«u Aposlolorum Imita- 
Lrix. 

His works are : 1. ' Mediutions on tie 
Passion of Our Lor.!.' St. Omcr, IflOl, IWW, 
1618; atmnslntion from the Latin of Father 
FilIvioB Androtua. 3. 'Tim ParadiM- of the 
Soul, and a treatise on Adln-rine to God,' 
trau&Iated troia the Latin of Albert ibv 
(ireat, bishop of KatiEihon, St. Onwr, I tiflfliind 
1017, fwquL-nlly ri-printcd. 3, Translation 
of Fftther Ariaii's ' frcatifie on Perfection,' 
St. Omor, 1017. 4. ' The Mirwur of Iteli- 
gious Prrfnctinn,' frum the Italian of FalliM' 
L. Pinflli, St. Dmer, 1618. Ori^nally a 
translation from Gerson. 6. 'Trratuwon thu 
Method of Living Well/ a translstinn, 8t- 
Omer, 1630, llfmo. 6. Tmaslati'm of Hi. 
Francis Borgia's ' Practice of Ohristian j 
Works,* St. Omer, Ifl'JO, Umo. 7. ' Medita- ] 
tiona upon thi: Holv l^^iichnrist,' from the' 
rtfllian of Pinelli, St. Omer, KSd, lynio. 
Thf oripnal work was by (Jerson. tt. Tran*- 
lation of '.V Manual on Praying ^V<'ir by 
Fatbi-r P.-ttT CauixJiu, St. Onii-r, Wl'J, V2tm. 
9, Translation of Father Ludovicua dePoiilc'ii 
'Comi^eudium of Medilatione,' Si. Umer, 
162.% \-2aio. 10. TT«n.»latir,n of Father Peter 
Hihailenoira'n tntatin^, ' l)e Prineip« Ghri**l 
tiano,' St. Omer. U'_>4, iL'mo. II. ' A l)i«-l 
l<^e on Contrition and Attrition,' wlriclij 
mated through four editions. IS. 'Thei 
Etemall Felicitio of lh(> Saint?,' traiisUird^ 
from thu Latin of Cardiual llellarmin. Tlie < 
first edition WAS probably print«d al Rogerj 
Andertou'e SL<<:r«t pnea mlAoeasliire about 1 
1({24. It was reprinted at8t.Omer in t038>, 
12mo. 

[FiJey's Re«»dp«. i O.fl. ii. 3ft»-tO». ri. 2H,i 
«SO.»ii. 334; (Jillows Bibl. Dipt.; Smjthw^rsl 
Bibl. Scriptoram Soc. Jvsu, p. 702; P ~ 
UibL dos ficrivnins do U Compacni'' 
(lS«9).p. 1767; MorTi»'»roodit: 
uodor Jamu I. p. dxxx ; Tanner 

ApMtolomm [aiitatrix, p. BS&i .: J. 

Collratiom, ]>. 87 ; Doiwr Diarim, 244 Ins, ^itA.I 
2l«.l T. C. 

EVEREST, Sir GFXIKGE (17HO-18tW>,| 
military engineer, eldest son of Tristraatj 
Everest, was bom nt Gwemv»Ii*, Ilri-clcmieh-J 
shire,4 Jiily I790,and cducotcd at thomUi-( 



i 



i 



I 



I 



Ury wrliool^at Greui .Marlow and Wiwlwiiili. 
Hn entt't)!^ the perrico of the E&flt India 
Company aa a cadet m 160U, and sniU'd fur 
India in the mdia VMr as second tK-iitpnnnt 
■ D tiic &>ngal artillerj'. Aft«r eeven ^eare' 
sen'ic« lie wa& sent to join a dctarhmctit in 
Java, wtune he vns sttlucivd bv Sir Stauirurd 
Kaflic*, tlwD goremor, Ui luuki.' a survi^y of 
th» ialand, io which lulwrious tiuk h« ituait 
two jaan, and aAvrw»ids n.-tiirnvd to 0«n- 
gtL 11^ wa4 next euploved in engino^nng 
worfcji, improving Ihe uirt^tiou of ibo out* 
l«i« of till* Gangf-a, and thouglt appoiiiti^d 
chief uAsi&tant on the ereat tri^nnmHtrirol 
Kurrpv of India in 1(^17, Iwramaim^d fur Muur 
isoatliii ia HindoeUin to complete the cMa- 
4d vhnient of a line of telegra^ic poet« from 
Calciuta to Benares. In 1818 he joined 
LitmU'naDt -colonel Wiltiaio lAiubton,«iper- 
intendmt of the survo^, at nydcrabad, and 
catLTvd with {frcat eiiirit on the duties by 
whicb hia name haa becomi> nol«wort)ty in 
the annAht of goodcity. In carrvinK tbo worli 
through an tinhcnlt by pari of liitr Xitam ter- 
ritory in It^iXI hiiv heivfth failrd, and he vna 
ordon<d t<.> thu Cap«of Qw>dIIo]K< to rwruit. 
On thrA duih fif Cnlon4^l I^niblon, 'JO .Inn. 
l?'-''' 1 utedsuperiiitcnctfntof 

tb' 1 jitbe wurlt wbtrt.'bi» 

m\-uei.4L>-'>rimu ;i'ii u, in ihu vOiUey of JJeniT, 
As extended it into tiitr moiintuinous tract on 
thp north. In >iuviimlK-r 1^24 hu measured a 
hui— Udi* in tbfl Seronj vallpy, and id \B'25 
fcad carriod the c)l»er%*ation^ on to niiaontin, 
when bii liitalth fi»w wnv, nnd hit cnnir tinrk 
tn England. TIvppb he was rtt-M-t^d F.U.S. 
8 Maivh IH:^, and, having wade biniself ac- 
qnaiatt-d with the modem practici; of thi- 
Gnslieh ordnance sarvftr. nttumed to Indin 
in JiiT" I'vtll. His labours ttnd re«uon«ibi- 
liT' <w lar^ly JDcrtaAxI, for m addi- 

tii-i 't aarbiefof Ibfi tri^Domctrical 

«irv*-y'. lii bod hccn appointed survcyor-jftne- 
rat of India. IIi? renmod oporatioiie on lliu 
vTMt arc in itUS, (mm whicJi date it wa.i 
diUgimtly carninl on until iu completion in 
iWetnbrr 1841, bv tbn rnntiuun-nx-nl of 
tlw Di-dt-rliaw-linyVyCaptain Andrew Scott 
Wnu)[1i. With ibo-MM coiicbiiliti^opi-ralions 
An arr of mnridian moro thon im-nly-nnode- 
'• !; -,1 lxrenniea<>ure«l by tbi> two 
< >- and their a«aistantff. ex- 
..^-.^ Comoiin to tbi> uorthcrn 
llntiah poamaiona in India. 
I^!-", ti.i rv'titvd from th* »r- 

'rtb in Kii;ilund. lIiH 
-'^cfljitain Isl**. major 

I 1838. His leisuri.' 
Irfinpinff nut bis work 

nl illed ' .\ji Account 
two Section* of tli« 



l1r«, and n^t 
miliiarv i<!^>: 
1831'. !'. 
wai nri' 
in ■ 




Meridional Arc of India, Iwundod by llie 
paralh-U of 18" 3* Ifi", 24° 7' 11", and 
^9= 30' 48".' For this work, which appeared 
in IA47, and the \ong (wriea of operations on 
which it was founded, the Itoyai Auroao- 
micul Soci^^ly awarded him thfirtcHlimonLal. 
The Astatic fsouivly of Bengal also elected 
him an honorary membor, and he became a 
follow uf tb^.' .\^trouumicuI and of thu Ruyal 
.A.siaiio and OiwrApliicsl S^^ctii-s. Ue was 
named a C.B. t'O Feb. I»61,and knishtedbv 
the queen nl St. Jumos's PsUce, lo Morcti 
I8<il. He served on tbt- council of the Royal 
Socielj I8(t8-5, and woe a mombcr of thu 
oouncd and n Ttce-prc»id(»nt of the Gei^^- 
phiml Society. Hift nnnu; han heon givtn to 
one of fhe biffbe^t suiimtitsof the liimalavau 
ranee, Mount. Evpr.-t«t. SO.fKJL' feet hiph. Ho 
died at lO NW-sl boumo ytnwt, Hyde Park 
(tardenfl, J^ndon, I l>ec. 1^60, lie married, 
17 Nov. 1S4(1, Emmn, vldeut diiu(;htar of 
Thomaa \\'infr, «tlr.racy-at-law, of Gray's Inn 
and of HamtiElead. 

tti-siili:>ii tli» work already meiitionr>d hti 
was tlie author of: 1. 'An .Vccount of tho 
Measun/ment of the Arcof tlw Meridian b«- 
twoen th.'parall^'Isof IS^a'anda-l"?', being 
a continuation of the Cnuid Meridional Arc 
of India us drtaih-d by I Jeut^-nnnt-colonol 
Lambiou in the volitmve of the .\jiatic So- 
ciety of Ofttcultn.' IsyO. 2. ' A .Seriwt of 
Letters addn.'K<ed lo his Hoyal Highui-tu the 
Diiktt of tSunwK. as President of the ICoyal 
8o<-iety, remonat rating against Che conduct 
of thnt luartii?d body [in deairing the court 
nf dinT.tnr!t to repose their unlimited eonfi- 
dence iu Maior Jervis und bis plans in regard 
to Indifil,' 1*111. .1. 'On liiatnimenU and 
nlxwrvatlon* for Lniigiludo for Travellers 
on I.And,' 18r>d; and also numerous papers 
in thi' trnnsActions of eacieties. 

[Monthly >'oii«'s of Asironoviieal Soc. ucvU. 
lOfi-8 (ItUt?); Jmirnnl of Oeogmphiod •^oe.. 
vol. xixrii. pp. cxr-cxriii (IBS?); Fniccifdiugs 
uf Ko^d Soc,, vul. xvi. pp. xi'Xir (I8S8) ; -An- 
nual Kt-ptrt of Ru^'al .V'iiulic Soc. nl. iii. 
p. xvi (IHfl"); StubW'a HiAtorj of Bwipal Ai^ 
tUlety.ii. 25l-*(1877);C8l.ofSei(■utilly^».|-•l■^ 
ii. fi3l (laea)]. Q. C. B. 

EVERETT. JAMES (17W-1S72>. mis- 
cclloncoiis writer, bom in 1784 at Alnwick in 
Norlhumberland, wa» the second sou of Ji^u 
Ererett and hi» wife, Margaret Ilowmnker. 
Kver^tt's father died whilu he waa of timder 
age, and thi- boy aeon Iranied to help hia 
mother. .4 Iter a short rime at a pnrato 
school in Alnwick, he was spprentioM to • 
general (Wler, where ho wm given to fun 
and pnciioal Jokes. In in03 ^ underwenfc 
a great change, joined the Wealeyan vxiatjt 



"■•"• ■• 



Rod Iwgnti to prvacli. Iff* rrfiiM*i] Kn olTrr 
niAilein \K}■^ lotHTid liiinlnllnslon Aciuii'inj 
to prepsiv for tlit> ininifetrT amoDg iht iwlf 
pttiidcMitB. At the enil of his api>rontii>*«hi[i 
m iHOt be wv&t to Sundt-rlunc], niiJ tbera 
showml nncb pTeadiini; ]ton-erthKt iit Dccciq- 
ber 1800 ho vm TURontnu-nilcd fur the rr|^- 
ioT ministry ataoo^ tin* WViilvyaiu, and vna 
duly accppttn] by thu cunfLTonci-' o( r.fao Tol- 
lowinR yiiir. ilie lirel cirL-uilir won.' t^uii- 
Of'tland, Shivliln, and I1«-][ht in IVrtiysUirv. 
Hh obtained a ^ood knowledge of practical 
theolo^'y, niid a widwHOquaintntici' wilb );otin> 
ml [itiTAiiire. Ill Aii^iist 1810 he marrif^d 
Elizabeth lltitcbinnon nf Hiindf^rUod. At nn 
early pt'riod he farmed tin; Iinbir of taking 
careful noti» of itio tvU-brtttwl cliaract+^ra 
vhom he mot, and thus prcsL-rvcyJ rccollcc- 
tioDS of Itoberl 8out li'^y, yi-^l luiin.-.<it<t!, Jaiuvf 
MoHt^ODi(?rr, Wiltiniu l)aw.4nti [q. v.l, and 
maiiy othi-ni. lu Itlo bu vme appoiDlvd tu 
the Manc^tif^ter circuit. Oii Br<-oiiiit. nf a 
eeriouB thrual affet-tioninlSSI, KverettgBVo 
up llic TX'i^ilar mini^lrv ntid bec-ainp a book- 
aellnr, flnti in !^!i>'tti<-lrl, aft^ru-nrdc iti Mnn- 
Chester. lie bud bei-ii coUectinR maiCTiuIs 
for tbo history of rarthodi^m in ihcrAt'towns, 
jmn of which h« ptibli^hud. H« wiw the iri- 
liniuti? friend anil liet-aiue the biographer of 
Dr. .\iluiii Clatkc [ij. v. J ETOntl pr[inchi>d 
occa^ionnl and fine(;ial Mtmxiiii irbilf in biiiii- 
new, and t-xlctnlfd his popularitv. In Ifttl 
b« n'SHint-d full miniKl'.'niil work nt N*»w- 
C46lle-on-Tyne, and iht-nrc nio^-«l to York 
in 1839. Xliniugb failure ^f health liv v.'ns 
•ffnin mntie a iiwperminiernry tnini«l«T in 
lv42, but reniaijiod in York, aiid employed 
hi«pfn more actively than ewr. 

T1i« iiKkMt importnnt crcnt in Kvcrdt'* life 
was bifi expulsion fr*im ihi- Wesl'-yun coii- 
foroBco in Aiipist IMil. For manyycnrs hp 
bad bwn oi>p'j»i''I (o thi> polifv mid woriing 
of that bodv.Bnd had pub[iJihe<i anonymously 
MVvnil volumoH of free crttiuiem, gul-L as 
*l1i« 1>t!kpitlnnt*'iii iKSn, inwliichhoar^ui'd 
against tuu echeroo for FAartio^ a ibtKiliigical 
coUiig" for thi< trnininf^of ininitli'nt. H» wnn 
tl« author of tlitt chief ]«rt of ' Wtwlcyaii 
TaViofCH.' a vfork in two volumec, containing 
dieponirinir skctcbvs of tho preachers. In 
ItM^ and followiriif vii4r« certuin clundvotioe 

OIiIt'tA, railed ■ i-ty Shi^ta,' wen* ciron- 
widuly, b'-ariiiK n'-itber priiiti'r'a nor 
publiahar'ii luunHM. 'Jlixv rnuTiuni^l Minnua 
chnrcL's nninAt. the lendini; men of the rnn- 
fwn-run, r-tfliyiiHgUithon their public actions 
and pi^Monal chonictiT. A ^>niTiil !^ii.4pictnn 
attribiiii^'d the authorship of ihea^ patuph^■lB 
to Kvemr. Ho wa« l»r.jnKht btifon-lh- ffi*- 
ferenct' and i|U?Mioni<«] rutpivlinjf thtim, but 
decliiu'd to giv« any anawer. Ai^er further 



iiuiiiiry and dutcuwion hn woe formally ex 
IMllfw) (aee Minutta a/ the. Mfthaflitt Cunff, 
iinffm, 3tL 27(M!iL'). Everett then took tl 
Inul in an aptulion a^n»t thi- confrrei 
which shook the uutirv Wttdvyan couudq' 
nity, and re«ult«d in the lata of over twq^ 
bundrnl tbouaond mi>mhrrs nnd adhermtA.' 
Sofn>_- of the «e«edent joiiieit otiivrs who had 
prvvioiifily k'ft tlit> 'old body' (so called), 
and furmf^l n nvw tvcl, which ihvv Blylod tbt 
' Unitrtl .Mctbodial Free Church. Tbi» wai 
in Ii^oT. and Everi'tt wa« elecled the liral 
prejiid>-Mt of tlw-ir lutw-mMv, whicli nw< al 
Kocbdale in July of that T<'ar. 'lo Ihi; end 
of hix life Kvereli remained a tniniol«r of 
thiitrommunity, tilling thrir pulpitis aj< bttalth 
and opportuMilT permitted, llf livt^ for 
sumoy««rs in Nowca»tlc, and finollvin Sun- 
derland. Ho wrote many articles /or inago- 
iine« and printed a few [loems. In July 
1^06 hiH wife diud, li>nviot;iio childiGn. Kro- 
rett had formwl a lar)n< c^lh-ctiiin nf mcilto- 
diHt litvrature, both printed and in manu- 
wrript. 'Hn'W' be di#p'ie<-d of to tlie Kev, ' 
I.ulte Tycmian, the bi<i|^pher of \Ve«lt>r,j 
Ilia library was bouKbt after his deaUi fol 
the th^^olii^icat iu»titiito '^f the invth'tdist 
free chureh. He di«d at Sunderlaud 
Fridny, 10Mayl87a. 

His work» aro: I. 'Histficyof Mcthodi* 
in Shcllifid and it« vicinity,' vol. i. ItfifSLJ 

3. ' Historv of Mcihodi.iira in Manchesti*i 
and it- virinilv.'pt. i. 1^27. .1, 'TIk- ViI- 
iHire Itlitrksmiih : Memmra of 3. Hi.-k.'IMl. 

4. ' Mwin, or Xortb'imbria's lt"yal Fuyiti' 
lU-atori'd,' a metrical lalo of 8«toii time 
msi, b. 'llie R^temicUivine: S[em>3irsol 
Vmv. p. Imoc ■ li^». «. ' Mcni..ira of VVil- 
liu-m DiiwAon, IM:i, 7. 'Corpvpntidcnce cf ' 
William l>aw*.n,' 18J2. 8. • Adam Clark* 
Porirttypd/aTnU. IMS^O. 0. 'TheWiJls- 
»nd Miner: Li^of \V.Crist«r,'2nd wl. 1H5I, 

10. 'The' Caiup and thi' SancHtary,' 1» 

11. 'OnthvringH fn.>tD the Pit llenpfl, or 
All.n*-.rSiiinMvK..w; i«!l. \-2. 'ITi.- Mid- 
shipmun and tlie Minisier: f^kelch of tbe 
Hi-r. A. .\. ltec«. rirra IWtl.* Ev^r^tf wii*1 

; e.o-edilor with John Holland of '.Memoir*, 
of the Life and ^^'nfillgB of Janws Mont" 
goinery,' 7 vols. I8o4 6. 

lChuw% JiiBM Evutrtt : a IV i:|t;ij 

UinatM of tbo WwOi-ynn Coilf" 
Ovtiiawof Wolcyan Bibl)ugni|ibv. mrk-.i, j 

vr. 11. ; 

EVERITT, ALI.CN KinVAUU ( lHJ-1 
ISh:} ), itrtii-t .Ixtm in Rirminghnm in lt^i!4,n-i 
the '•on of I'Mwiml RvKriti, an art ilealnr in 
}linninzliam, and irrandsonnf Allen Kvirit 
a well-known Rinnint;hata artiat and draw- 
ing-master. Ili4 maternal gnuidfathcr wu 



Eversden 



89 



Eversden 



II ^^ ^ 

^^ Oar. 

m 



Ex.rin .-K-'.y abov-vd ibat lie Iiad inlit-hted 
al II.' facullie» of hiii parDnl«. II(^ 

i\^' nils in wirly life fnim l>nvJiJC'-<>x 

^q-V-j iliii3)K-ciul Iflleat iux»i sluiweil itm-it" 
tD be tiifl illui'truti'kii of old biiililiii^ iiiid 
intenon. Tallin^' Hiniiinf{)inra iw n o-uint, 
be nwdi* careful drawinzii of almoAt eren' 
a[Mt in llie midluuds n-bicu [Kieacinod arclueo- 
1o|(iciil <>r bi^Moririil inliTri't. B«t.W««n ibft 
•gp of tbirtT nnd fan v ha mnde pnintlng toura 
in ths old lownt of IM^um, t'mnc«. Bud 
Ckmnanr. After this liu d«voTo4] bimsclf 
more Mip«ciallr to iitt>di«« of interiors, bis 
k l- iiodnntiiilTinniniti^r^^wloiir. 

In 1- ' ji/im-d llio Itovi)] Soci'.-ty 

Arti"w...i l.uiiiifi^ham, of wbich ha be- 
raiD<<! in 18«*i8 bun. svcrrtury, n post whii'b hv 
held till hiii dtrath. Ilv bad nn imiiortant 
ootuiiectioii ns dmwing-tnafilcr in tbi< mid- 
Und«. For mtiay j-t-nm he tau^bt drawing 
Bt the BirmincUua T>e-af nnd I Kiinh Instil u- 
tk>n, of whicli be was alno virtiintly t1i«i 
wcfvlarv. In l-fTO tbi-ftrcbicolofpcal »«tion 
of tb«> \lidbind liisutui« waf' fanned, and 
Evcrill wait spptiinted oneof t1ichi>n. secre- 
iMtieSf coatHlmiinq p!ip«r8 to ili* ' TramutiN 
tions' on *A«ttin ('Luith,' ' Ilaudsworlb 
Church and its Surrounding*,' 'Arcbipolo- 
■lical |[i?»*i»rrUti' Trn .Mitt-^ nmnd Birming- 
ham,' 'Northlifld Church,' 'Ilampton-in- 
Anlm,' 'Old DuiMeb in tbi? Midlai>d9,\'':P- 
Errrirt- miA also for Hoint^ limp a memb'-r 
of iho Kpneral council of the iDstimte. In 
Junt; l"^ ill" acor-ptcd the \)o*t of boromrj- 
euntor of t he liirtain|,'ha[n Free Art Ual- 
)tfy, a munieipul iiutitutioii which has^lnce 
bucotnt) on<* uf llii> ui<.i«L iniporlaiil in Kn^- 
]Mui. 

In It^ Knrtft rimplittod an important 
Mrieaofdra" "ii lUlI. w-bich wltd 

OMidto illu4; i4oii'& ' History of the 

Holtn of Aiilon, iviih a I )(?»cTi[it iou of the 
Family Manai'in,' piililiHhcd in tln^ Haiiir vnir. 
Hf aU(i illlIBtnlt^^d .1. T. Bnni'fl'B ♦ lIL«lorj' 
of* 't-l ^*, Martin'*, "ihHpnrishchurcb of Bir- 

I ^erilt marriml Miu Iludfton of 

)la<-jli>. lie ili*^l «i F ■ I rifcon^ea- 

tioaof tbolunjTH, <m II i Iltovary 

lonv cntlrcLion of jVi-iclh* nm nocome in- 
rnluahla oa a a-niurial of placvs tOMOJ tif 
irli ' ' I iln-ady pnwed away. 

! ii> IWi* Pont. I'i June 1882; nir- 

i- wiai* date; yriratw ipfor* 

1 w. J. n. 

£VUK^bKN ..r KVERISDEN, JOHN" 
0* (./f. ISH.H, I'hiouii'lrr, wu» jirt-*omnblv h 
DNtivi- of <<ii» it tilt' ivi'u villagtwof thcuamt' 
IJuituii, ('iiitibridy^urv, JIv wntunrd 



the nrn{-dictin<> onlor, having been lon.iiirftV 
in 1255 ( tftron. M6'. in Luaku, pref, to Uab- 
TIiOI.o«.W OE Corros Ilitton'n Anglicana, 
p. Iv'u, lS'jJ>l, and iMcame n ini'iiibt-r of the 
abbey of Kury tit. KdiuiindA. lie waa cel- 
larer (livrv in 1300, whi'n bi^ mndo a ' valida 
expedtLio' iulo ?ior1baui]ilun«hir<f (r'A.) to 
carry out a i-laitn of hb monjwtt-ry on lh& 
manor uf Wurketon (Warlilunl. In lUu 
following yrur, 1 June, be i« niciiliontui in a 
bull of i&nifac«! VIII i^nfirmin^ tht>cle4!tion 
ofAbbol rhom»s(I'8YSSF,ff^'v.r'tr.iii.920), 
and in Janiiarr IS07 hti ntlMiAt-A tho jHiTlia- 
mtmt lit Carlisle as iiroctor for his abbot 
( Pariifftfi^ttarif tVi-it^i, i. 18ti, ed. F. l*al- 
grave, IH:??). .Nothiiii; fiittUt-r is linown of 
nil! lil'o,nDdiillhoi;;;h for c«*nturie* hewaarr- 
UKfinbcri.'d aa n ubronicler, bis L-hivf work wa$ 
ptiblisIiL-duiet'dr as B continual innoft'liiT^no! 
or\Vorci«liT(ii:iSlH'rt>,ea.B.Thorpe,I849), 
without n miapirion of itx nulborchip, e\o>pt 
that it WSB uppiirentlv wrilt^n liy fwime on« 
connftcl»wiwiibRiiry(YnoRVK,pre*f,p.x). Thw 
editinnu-asrakenfmmaTTiunuMTiptatCorpufr 
Christ! Coile^, Cambridge. No. \)2, whicll 
Htopiiod rtliurl. at \'JM&. Another manuscript, 
unknown to ilie editor, thougli luiiMitioiied by 
older biographeri of KvLTsden, i* prest.'rvtd in 
the C-ollegu of Anna (Norfolk MS. 30), and 
extendi a» far as l:AI(> in one handwriting; 
it ia thence continued until l;iO],Hft.»rwhit!li 
dale then- ia iibrvxk until I9I!{, 'when n (••vr 
slight noiifreit flcciir, ]Xii, in another hand, 
and ilia third an entry of iyy2'{Li'»itD. I.e.) 
The inferenoi' i« tlmt tho work of Flverwleii 
hima^If eodt^din 1301, if not inl2W},aud thLa 
ehrrtnick- i« only orifiiniil for the last portion. 
Down to I IS;} il is 11 inui^cript of Imirj' of 
llinitintc^lnn and his continuator, and thence- 
forth to linn it ia ft transcript of John of 
Taxster, likewbe a monk of Si. £dmun<lH. 
The chronicle thus only p«»«we» on inde- 
pendent Tfthm fur ihelast Ibirty-six years; 
but during IhesK jeam tliework of Kventdtm 
•uema to have been in eomwlerable demand, 
since it wiw evidently borrowed and InrKely 
made OGe of both br Itnrthohimew Cotton 
fi'A. pp.lv-lriii) and Johnof lUnesd (CAnm, 
JohannU tie Oj-«irt/^.*,cd. Sir U. Ellis. 1869). 
Some considers hie i-xlmcl* made from Kver»- 
di'n liy ItiL-hard James are pr»>son-ed in iho 
BodI-i«n Library (Jam-.* >1.S. vii. 11'. W-TS). 
Bcaides this main chronicle, which beartt 
tbe title 'Herii!# temp<>rum ah initio mimdi,' 
Everwlen wim the nnihur nf ' Itefrnu priMioa 
An)fliai ?'t {nnim ppUcopsliis,' a lint of names 
oimipiliil ntxint i 2/0, and preserved in manu- 
script at the CoUefffi of Arms (xxx, 4^; se4 
Sib T. D. ilAiii>r, DetcripHr* Vataloyiu of 
MnuuAftipt .tfatrriith, iii. 176 et (>ei]., 1^71 ). 
To these wriliuga llaiu adds {•Selden MS. 



mipro. (U, f. 109 ^ IlodL Ltlw. ; SerJ/tlt. Brit. 
Cfa/.bk. r. $ 40, p. 410) 'ConcardAniuc divitun 
Historw.' 'Legiun Uedall*' (poeau), ind 



'CoBCOTtlift Decreloram.' 
[Aaiborities cited abore.] 



B.L.P. 



EVER8LEY. Vrsconrr. [See Sbav- 
LKTirrRE, I'liABLis, 17'M 188^.] 

EVESHAM. nroU OP (dU»87>.c»idt- 

D&l, U colled Almtiii by Ijalin wrnlnrx, tiul 
n liefD mad Lenoir hy the Italian and Frencli. 
It U powiblv that this i« it tnuulntioa oTthe 
English name Black, but tht-n; is no cridenoo 
in support <if the coDJwtare. lus name nersr 
occiimni^ in an Enpli«h form. He was Wu 
at Eveabata, educak-d at bi>th the Eugiish 
unironitiM, and coniplet«d his atndJM in 
France and Italy, liv appbvd bimaelf npe- 
cially to nmtbt^mntiics and medicine, and fmm 
his ]frofivii'ucy in the latter aeieocR acquired 
the name of * Plio-itix/ Ortain niMiical 

rHtiona being under discuK'ion at Romo 
ut ISW, Eveebam was invited to go to 
itomo and gire his opinion by the then pope, 
«ilher Nicholaa 111 at the close of his ponti- 
ficate, or .Martin I\' attheconmenceroenl •^{ 
hi?. ThL>Uttli.TpoiitifrnppoiDtedET8shambi8 
pbiihic'tnii,nii<liil hi* liot i-rt-atiimnf canliiinU, 
on 23 >Urch l£Sl,ul Ur\-ieto, pmnioted him 
to Ihatdignitv, with (he title "I' ^t. Laurenci> 
in I.uoina. He spent the remainder of his 
life in Rotoe, where ho acled as prwtor for 
the Aithbifthop of Ynrk. Several iMters 
addressed 1o bim are entered in the register 
of Arohbishnp PMkhum at I<Amtx>th, and in 
those of other biebope of his time. PovUliam 
vrrites to him as sn old suociato both iu the 
university niid at Home. 

ITe died in ilia?, on "i7 July, according 
to tho Worcccter annalisl, who ascribeo hu 
death to poison. Taoaer gim the date as 
S3 Sept., but on wluit nuthoriljr does not 

Howaa buried in th^chiircliofSanl^Tenio 
in Lueiiia,near iho (uicri?ty, but his tomb 
no Inn^^pT I'xiHlft. His eoclwia-'tica! pn-fvr- 
meniR in Kiiplnnd wore; jin.'b.>ndQry of Bote- 
vanl.Vnrk, prebendary oiIIugthur|.>o, 11 Nov. 
1279, archdeacon of Woreester, IS76, aiui 
rector of i^poflortb, Yorkshire. 

Tlie XxKiis whieb hn i» said to faavit wrilt^^n 
aruiu foUuvii: 1. ■ IX' GeneiJogiishiimaiuD.' 
2. ' Cniionra Mi-dicinnU'«.' 3. ' Problemala.' 
4. * Super ( >prtr« f^briiitn Isaac ' (iacip. * Quo- 
niam da jUii bonitate sic lit est ). Q. *Uis- 
tinctiones predicnbiles.' fl. '!5enno in Ito- 
minirn Scptuagesimiv.* Tli'_'fo Li u coi)y of 
thn last-mentioned in tbe Hodloian Library 
( Bodl. MS. ao. f. 2tW), but tho othwra am not 
known to )h extant. 



[Ciiuuniiuit Vitc FoiitifT. ii. i^i; [Su«| 
Senptaras Aas\. p. 370; 3krini. Dt^li ArcliiN 
iriPontifty.p. 27; TMiu*r"»BiM. Biii. p 4)6 ;1 
Cnr-lclla's Hsaiorio ds' Onidinali, i. 'i'l , Anmileaj 
d« Wigwnia (Bolls ed.), p. -191 ; Rtg. V,pi»u J.l 
da PocfchaiB (Rolls «].>, pp. 319, S28, :UII. aTsJ 
703, 71 1, 749, 781 ; Unrth. Coltoo (Rolls «!.),] 

B1«l i Ia) Jimt't Fasti, iii. 74. 119; Eioftl 
!et. dv la ^dsoins. ) C. T. M. 

EVESHAM, TIN' ALTER op tl.^h a-nt.)J 
Benwlicline. [iSee OoistOTotr, WlLTkU.] 

EWART. JOSEPH (ITM-l-e-i), diph». 
Qiatist, ddest con of ihe minist«rof TVoquoei 
in ihft Atiiwartry of Kirkvudbrit;ht, was lK>rn 
on 30 Anril 17A0. Ho vmx odutTitrd ul l)um- ' 
fries Bncl at ICitinbiirgh UniTt<r»ity, and ilten 
acted as tn%-ollin£; tutor to .Mitcli-'iiuld uC\ 
CUmooald. While ubroad, Eworl madi; tbd J 
ac^uainlance of Sir Jobn 8ti>pni-y, BriliiiU| 
mioisUT ut Dresden, and nSlur toat diplo-l 
matist hud Ix^rn tmnJifiTmvl lo IWIin, Kwnrt I 
bommu in rapid BtrnTestiion bi^ private ^LtTrt-l 
Ury and then secietanF- of legation. In ihis] 
capacity he gave so much aalisfaction that] 
after acting as chargt d'aHaires itvui 17'<7to4 
178r', be was, in spite of his yauth, up|ioinle<l| 
envoy extraordinary and miniitter piunip'i- 
tentiur>totlteKingofPru.t.MKiiu&Aiig. li8H.j 
The utiialiun was very dithcult, for it waaj 
Wtl's design, niuiii't'-cl bv Lord MaliiMtsbuiyiJ 
to induce Frederick ^\''iUiAm of Prussia ba] 
iiilervvnu in the uQ'aire of Holland; Iu pal 
down rhi- r<^i-(i1utionarj party lh«iroi ana tc 
n*-- lit' Pnnc« of (Iraoge as biihIuI 

hnlil ■ d<»ign was carriMl out, andj 

Enun ubiaitiLxl much crudit for his «Iiure iul 
the Iransiieliand. (Jf hix subsni|ittiiiL conduct j 
at ihv eourl of Berlin there are coatrudii^turyj 
reports, for the French ivvolutioacommviic«u| 
in I7t&, and p*ni-«n-t mnd op|i(>ni<iilo of lb*{ 
English foreign pulicyufthal peril id rvpn-fT-nbi 
the minister's Imluiv'iour in ilillVrvnt lighu.1 
Ewurt liaa been accuiicd of adopting too] 
iwrtiniptory an attitud<> Lownrdii thu Kiiiffiifj 
Pmsfiitt and hii* minieteri. of thus aLenutinjfj 
llietnfromUiiglHiid. Ilecertainly * ' 
howL'Ter, in concluding the marrin. 
b«twe«n the l>ul(v ut York and li' 
daughter of I lif Kingof PruMia,andn'oeirml| 
warm acknowl>:dgm>>uu from the kini;. Ui«l 
beiiltU bnwking down, lut resigned iin aj 
pension of 1,000/. a year and apmrniteot' thai 
order of the Unlli, lie left Berlin <m '{Nnr.l 
17111. 114 diivl at hi» brotli'-r's huii«e ittj 
Bladud's Uuildingii, Batb, on 27 Jan. ITI^tj 
and was buried iu Buth Abbey, where a tablei 
is eTiKit»d to bis memoT?-. A ■tateiu"ut thsQJ 
be died out of his mind, and anolh'ir (hy| 
"NVrusnll") 1 hat his death wiw due to fin! play 
of the Empress Catherine, an eatiri'ly difr* 



p 



nvm] byrftcl* iiresH^ri^ in the familv psp^rs. 
ila niftm«d in 1785 a daugbtor uf Cuunt 
SV^ntoDslivlM^ii, by wlutni In; Irfl. udm Mm 
(klWvardji Lieut^nAnt-gc-ncnil KwBrl,C.B.) 
uid two dMigblvni. 

(Ocnt Uag. Fobraiiry 1792; I»rd SIaIbic*- 
bury't Lectan mod Oonw]nodm»o: LotUra Mod 
OomBpoadiiKa of Sir JamM BIaiuI Bnivw, od. 
Uiir-toD, l»U,] H. U. S. 

EWART. Wn.LIAM (179e-18n9).poH. 
tieiftiifSCCondsiniof Willmm Kwort of Liver- 
pool, mifivbant, by ManraiVi diusfaler gf 
Cbri9to[ibcr Jaquca of Bodiil>', Yorksaire, and 
ii«pbi>ff of Jwvpb Kwfirt [ij. v.], vom bom 
in Ltverpixil an 1 Mav 17ys, aod educfttcd 
lit Eton Crom l-^ll to 1^*17. l*it8)uiB lo 
Cliri«t rburcli, Oxford, h» cjirried off in ]8IU 
tbe college jiritfl far Liitia vmte, and in 
IKS) bis pcM.111 gwnrd t1i>' \eudJKbI<- prise, 
thf Mibject Uitag ' The Tt-nijtlf- of Diajia at i 
BBheni*.* nvobtainedaBMondclumincIaMi- 
em lioaoius, and proceeded B^. on 13 June 
tr<l'l. H« wit»caU«dto tbeborattbeMiddle ' 
Tiimilt! on 26 Jan. 1827, and on 23 July in 
the lollairinc >'»(tr Ltilvfi'dparliiunenl for tbe 
bofough of lUetcbiiirtWv, Surrey. On th« 
lUnth of bi£ frii>nd William HuskimoQ h« 
bvoaiw) a candidal^ fcr lii« native town, and 
*ft. - <f spven days defeated bis com- 

pel : Erplyn DoniHm [<|. v.], on 

alU.Srik i- If, livanarrovr majority, the votes 
beiBg '^.iflT'ivgalnet :^,lr:«ti. Ilo wa» reelected , 
for Liv^Tpml in 1831, 1h;12, and 18Sfi, but 
in ISS7 waHdefeatedby Sir Cresawi-lK^s*- 
v«Il, one of the lory candidntca. I Ic obtaiocd 
» tent tar Wj^an on )) Marcb \'*3^, de&at- | 
i:ia JkIiii IIhUdr Kearali*y by Iwo votcaooly. 
U bi^iraa elect od for tbe Dum- 
'<r burglu, wbicb include Kirk- 
radhn)(ht, tlMi orttfinal wnL of tua family, and ' 
au fEvihateotutttuency until IBfo.'nbuu bo 
nrtiiyd frnm gmlilic liJr>. From the earliest 
mn of his rai^t-r bf< frc4]iienll; spoke in ]>iir- 
liamfQt.. botb on aubjijcts of K^nnral prtlitip-, 
lnwhii.-b be wiw always an ailrnnnod lilxtral, 
■UMlalwon coaitm<ir>u1innil«ni. Kmm 18S4 
bo aupipcnl^tltoritpealof ihii corn Iaw8. On 
1 A I " "■' li'^broiigbl fitrwunl a motion for 
till >n uf ibf dutiofl on East nnd 

"^^'c'^ 111.111.11 ruifu. and P_-iH-at*'<l it uuuually 
(lanni; tli<' Mi-lUmmo tn'iniai^triitiOD. In 
ItUU bt) camiMi a bill, 4 ,<C Ti Will. IV, c. 36, 
ier imttg ivny WLtb tijini.niii; in i-lniin.-, nnd 
:|a Ik.'!? «„. ,'[,i. wtiins of net 7 Will, IV 
It '.)l beiov paawd for abolishing 

.,.-.. !..uunt fornorw,cattlc,andidieop 
n^ , tienUne in a dweUing'boiuu below 
alu« of tii., b'tter atealiiij^, and aacriloge. 
Ha prahihicion on prisooun in ewieu of felony 
favg drfatidod by «ounaal wa» lemovvd by a 



bill wbicb he carriwl in 1836,8* 7 WilLIV, 
c 1 14. t>n behalf of the worldnK elassuH be 
advocated the onminjr of public museiima 
and gallcriee as tree rrom every rettrictiun 
aa poteiblo, and in 1^?^ hu drovr elu> tvport of 
a committee which lit? had obtained on 'the 
conui-oLion bclwoea aria and mannfarturM,' 
wbii'h Ind Ui I Iw' t.««tabl>sbmvnt of (heSchoolif 
of Design at Somervt House, London, in tlie 
foIlowtuET year. In 1840 and later yrmre be 
prdjKMwcl lli(> abolition of capital p«iushm«nt. 
A aelect commit l<>i.' upon this subject waa np- 
point«l upon his motion in 18U1. In 1841 
and later yvan lie moTed for an annual siale- 
m«nt upon education by a minibtur of tbo 
crovn, afterwards adopted. Ue mnvml for 
tbt! vxaminatiun of candidatea for the civil 
service (184S), for the army (1847), and 
for tbtt dlplomutic sen-ico (I8i'>ii), mt^aanroa 
fiiilist>i|ui-iitly udipliil; as >viis a\K> lhi> ex- 
clu£i«n from coinmitteos on pnTiito bills of 
int>TiTJ>U^l person*. mo\-e<l by bim in 1811 
and 1k47. Tn I^oO bo carrii-d a bill, 13 & 
14 Vict. c. ti^>, for cstablisbing free publie 
librariri siipportt^d by public rates, a measure 
which luiit Ivd to llie eitaiili«lmienLof ulkijgB 
number of totvn libraries in England [«•• 
undur Kdward^, Edwaud]. The usu of the 
mi^iric BVKtem of weights and m>>aiiiin.ix was 
also legalised by on act which ha wna tbe 
nit<nnt) of iMunng on 1^9 July 1864, '17 S: 29 
Vict. c. 1 17. In 1867 lie proposed a mi>(wurb 
of university reform, wluch led to the sd- 
mttMton of 'iinaltaclM>>d «tudents.' He died 
at bis country hou^.Uroadleas.iMivDcviJCoa, 
on 'ja Jan. l'860. Ue married, in 18^, his 
cousin Mary Aane, dai^hter of Qeoree Au- 
gustus Lee of Singleton, near Mancn^ler, 
who dii^d on 11 June 1837. Tlis _voungi>r 
brother, Joseph Christopher Ewort, was mem- 
ber of parliainrnt for Liverpool from l8.V>to 
I860, and diiKi at BroodJeas on 14 Dec. 186B, 
aged 68. 

EiMtrt was the antlior tif the follon-ing 
works: 1. 'TbeTermple of Diana nt Ephesus, 
the Newdigate prize |>oem for 18^, piiblisbod 
in 'CbriMchurch Newdigate Poems,' |8:J3. 
2, 'The neform of th« Reform Dili,' 1838. 
li. 'Taxiuion,' speech in favour of ibo Hubetilu- 
t ion of a system of more direct tasation, 1 847. 
I. 'Capital ]*uui»bmi'nt,' spowh in favour 
of an iuciuiry by a ^bct ci>uimitt<-» into thi< 
expedience of maintaining capital imnish- 
mentf I806. fi. 'Settlement in India and 
Trade with Central Asia,' a spr<>ch. l.<)8. 
lie was also the Hubject of the following 
works : 1. ' Tn bo !>nla by Auction, in front 
of the Town llall, Casltc tStreet, Two Havka. 
John llewilt, auctioneer,' an elect i'Hu-rri 11 g 
eatin) upon W. Ewart and J. Morris, two of 
the candidates at the Livtnpoul rleotioit in 



jan 



Ewbank 



92 



Ew'bank 



IBSS. 2. ' Letters l« tlw Uifc'lii H"i». Lord 
John RuBwII. B; F.. ItAmes the younger. 
Witli an appendix contaluiogcomq>ond«iiov 
with W. l-iwart, 1M«.' «. 'T)«)wt« in the 
Hmtee of Ci)mmoiu> on 3 May 1^04 upon Mr. 
Kirart's Voliun for a Si-loct CommittM to 
inquire into 1I10 i-xpfdiiiioer of auuntaiuin^ 
tlw runiKhmernt of Utfatli,' 1H(M. 

[BcfpKtrr nml MagutM at Biornpliy, l 1 16, 
S09-IO, ■;22(18(l&); llluMraii-d Lotxton Sen. 
'J6 July IS4S, p. 63 villi portniil. fi FcL. 1869, 
IX 147, •nJ a JlHrdi. p. 237 »ilti [iirtrait; Law 
Tiines, 30 Jan. 1889, p. Zfifl ; I«v M«|!anD«and 
law nerim, zzvii. 177 (1S69); Timw, SS Jiw. 
18ft9, p. &.] a. C. fi. 



EWBANK, JOHN W. (i:9H?-1847), 
painUT, bom al (iutvshvad, lltirlmtn, in or 
ikbuul i~'M, viNH niloiitnl whi-n n child by a 
^eallhy uncle who livwl nt Wyeliffu, on tiii! 
anks of Ihs Tw», YorkBhirc. IWing cle- 
("ipncfl for iin? Ilomfin aitholip prieethood, lie 
was <tcnt to t'«tiAn' CoItcKe, from which be 
absconded, aiid in 1613 hound himi>t'lf ap- 
pn^nticK to T. CoiilMin, an oreauvutal painUT 
■a NHW(-n»tIe. So strong liad becoue bis low 
for art ihat on remoriog vith his nuuur lo 
Kdinbur|;;1i, ho vinf allovml to study under 
Alexandt-r Nn<uiiyth. His t&lenta Kion pro- 
cured him pmct ioo both asn [wnlvr and a 
It^Hohcr. Th-i fniednm and truth of his 
Hktftclies from ualun-wi-reewwcially admired; 
undaM'rii'-»of>lrft"ninff*o''F^''i»h»iihbTlum, 
fifty-out- in immlxT. wi're engrive*! by W. H. 
Lixars for Dr. Jainc* IJrciwnc'jt ' I'icrur>Mque 
View* ofL^liuburKb,' foL lii:i'>. His repma- 
tioii, lioweviT, will be found lo rest muinty 
upon hi^ cabinet piclun-a of banks of rivers, 
coul eevDua,aml murtuv lubjecl*. About lU:^) 
he esaayM) workd of & mor« ambitions cha- 
netiT, audwas numiuult'd in 1830onoof tlw 
fnun[)aliiiiim«'inhi'rsoftht']{i>ya]ScottU)Iu\ca- 
deror. He painted ' The Visit of Goopfa- IV 
lo tclinhiircli,' 'Tlw Kntryof AifxnmiiT the 
Gn-At into Habylon,' and * Hannibal cnuwing 
the Alps,' all worki of much ability, yet by 
no mr-Ans equal to his londscupt*^ A ' Vitiw 
of I'^iJinhiLfKhfron) Inchkeitb,' which bolonf;* 
to this p«riod, rxhihitd higher quikIitir-« of 
exceUenoe. Ewbank wan now ni ihu huight 
of hiH n-putal ion ; in <uie year bin laboun^, it 
is 8aii), brought him the handsoma Bun of 
S,60tH, But b« mddi'nly^ivt) way lo habi- 
tiuil istoxi«alion, his witV and chihlrenwerp 
reduced to want, and he him^tf becamv the 
t«D«Dl of a mipirrBblo cellar. During this 
last twelvfl yi'«r» of bis lifw his piciorfls Wfn 
frM|ui'ntIv pain(»l in the taprtwrn of an a)i«^ 
liuut'.oriii hixown wTtrtchwlnlHidc, ' wIrti',' 
wr)l<4i one who iiiti'W him mi-H, ' u Militarj- 
chair uul a pitu or two of bricka formed the 



only arliclrw in the ehapu of furniture to be 
M>«o — ihv wiudow-eill ser^'ing for hi^ inucl. 
They w«R) genKraily painted ou tin, wtthri 
an hour or two, and sold on the inntaoLwi 
and unvuniifhrd, fur i>ixpenCK <ir a «liilUn| 
which waa iromediatelv sp<^nt in minij>ln 
iag to his sensual fjTotlfi<:ati«n«.' He di' 
of typhus fev«-r in the infirmary ut RU 
bHrg'h, -26 Nov. IW7. Few of lii^ picU 
hsTe been exhibited in London. 

[Tba Art Unioa (I8I8), x. fil; G«aL 
DM* iwr. xxix. 6W ; Kcd^miVa Diet, uf Aili 
(J878), p. 14«.] Q. a. 

EWBANK, THOMAS (I7O2-1P70), 
writer on practical mechanics, was Ihitii at 
Bamanl CWlIc, Purbam, onll Martrh 171*-, 
When thin-x-n yeani of age he )»!^n work 
as a plumber and brasefouader. In 1»1:J he 
went to London, where be -wh* emnloyt^d m 
makin^casw for preserved meats. lli»«pare 
houn wore given to reading. In It^lU he 
emignited to America, and next year be^aa 
bitaiues* in New York na a maniilacIiiriT 'if 
U-ad, tin, and copper tnlnng*. In l&^tfi he was 
able to ri-lin- fn^'in bu«in<.-ss nnj devote him- 
self to studies and writings on mi><>hanic«. 
In IS45-6 he travelled in Brazil, and on his 
return pnblishc-d an afiv>nnt of hifl travels M 
* Life in Uraxit' (New i'ork,1^6ti). He was 
appointed conimi^g^iuncr of paleniA by lV«t- 
de»t Taylor in 1841). He wnii atladced for 
the manner in which he fullilled the duties 
of hit) uBiLV, which he held till 18,5:^ ^bm) 
VAnr;}!'* ayiimtt ThviMU EvJkink, Vontntu- 

mittfil to Pri'sidi-nl FilhiK>iX', Januiiry ISJil, 
by five individual or companir:^ ; al.vi Wil- 
LUU C. Fi'LLBk'b Charge/i affaiiut Tkomaa 
Eiehank, New VorV, IWil ). 

Ewbank was one of the fiHnidera and 
prraideni of the American Ethnok 
ciety. He died at New York on 
1870. Ewbankwrote: I. * A Uescripfii 
Historical Aceount of Hvdraulie and orh<T 
Matihinvs fur Haisiug \Vater, .\ucieiii ami 
Modem, including the proprefwivp develc ~ 
ment of the Steam Enffine,'>tew York, li" 
mth .fl. t87B. 2. ' The World a Worknhol 
or the Phvsieal Rulatiun nf Man Ui ll 
Earth,' N>w York, IKM. 3. *Tlinu(iht« 
Matter and Force,' New York, 1S.W. ■». 
minisoeaces of the Patent < itlice, and 
Sc«nc« and Thinfi in Waxhington,' Nf 
York, !8IVy. 5. ' Inorganic Foree.* ordaina 
to fltipersedu Human fjlavery,' New York, 

I?00. Ewbank alw ■■ -■• '■■- ' 

•Calt»Ti.'d )>aper» on sci-' 1 

of ihem apiifared in thi 

Franklin luiiJitiii''.' lltw ' Kx|nTiir."'«l« 
Marine i^ropulsion, or th« Virtue of Form 



Pt^clting Ulades,' Kttract«(l K>ni« attcntioD 
in Eurnpe. 

Jt?Tdcif»diii of Annnmi LilvrattiTv; ItijilL-j 
; Di:ij*» AmvrieaD C^ltxpaidU ; Men of the 
Txi Ott. Af S»i-iitirlc I'Apm (ItiOU- 

liv iix's Diet, uf Kogluli I/iiemturei 

Eri:.iliii.C<iul F. W-t. 

EWEN, JOror (l7JI-lft!l). wlio is CT^ 
ililwl Willi tilt? sHtlionJiipof lL*t wpll-knijwn 
So"''^> -•' .' *0 TT^cl may 111-* bftnlii) row,' 
«r Monirnso in 1741 -if poor pn- 

i»T I ■ i— iTwl onlT « TftT *lrnarr cdii- 

CBti»n. lint lau Mivi-*] n few |><iundi« h« woiiC 
ia 176:? to AtH.TtItvii, wh&n> lie opened ■ anuJl 
hknlwuv tlnip. Tliifl iippvarv tu liav» pro*- 
pm-tl, but the chief ri«i.' in hU fortunes was 
ow'mr to Ilia murria(;e in 1706 to Janpt ' 
Mi'J'lli'lon.otii.-nf livi> ilauglitvr^ofa yani juid I 
■Inckin2 nialH^rin Aht-nleen. llirouffh hor, i 
who di«l shortly aftor givini; birtn lo a ■ 
ilau^ttr, he bccnnic pp^«c«,«f<l of orift-balf of 
bth fat Iitrr-in -law's prop<'ny. Ewen died on 
SI fM. 1^1*1, leftvinjt, after the paTHifnt. of 
Vftrioas auras to I ho public clinntii" of AKt- 
di»ii, iboiit IJptKW'. to found n boaiiitnl in 
M on! roa^, similar to Gordou's ftospitul, Alwr- 
divii, fur t.b» uiniriti-nanci* Mid v^iicntion of 
boTH. Tbf will was r.hallMigedlytliP datigh- l 
tcr'j. t-ItI'^"^"', and after contlictmg di-fision* I 
in court of acMtian waa appealed 

Uy T lx«tl», wlio, on 17 Nov. l^SO, | 

M'' < mcnt on thi't^und thiil 

it- iti constNiuii^ict^ of iu want I 

Ml : 1 Iu the iuiD to be accumulaU'd 

by . -t bdbro building and rut to tliu 

uutulfir <>t' U>ja to b« educated on t)i« fouii- 
datinn. ' O wwl m«T tha boatw' row ' was 
pulitii^brd nuoni*mouily in Johnson's ' A-'jta 
Miiticiil MuM-iim.' It is tliiw cljaractt-riswl 
by ' I( is a i-Lanniriff difplay of wo- I 

mi. I 'ti tninjjliafr with t1i>- oinc^-rna | 

Will 'M-iij<iin[)nji nflifit. It iJi nearly (qual to 
"TifTf'n nn* luck nboul tb" house."' | 

[.Si-ota Mag. nxw <wr. I.\82\). ti C,2i^: Ston- \ 
hnmn ■ nol(« to Jc>hliv)n'*Scv>t< Miiair*] Muwxiin ; 
Wiiaud and ^hnw'<> Cwn dr<ridf>d ra tin' Horn* , 
•I I«i«li> ua ai>|<««l fruDi Ibd l*.oarla of Scotlnikl, 
rr a«-«l.l T. F. H. ' 

EWBN8,«KfM NEWPORT, MAURICE 
tlilll - UW7 1. ji-(iii. [Sw Nkwtort.] 

EWER, EWERa, Of EWREB, ISAAO , 
(J. lll&O), n-tiidd». ' at Brat hut a wrvinft- 

tnnn" v. I: ■ ' li. .-uti IiLt L-«tatc with tbi* ware',* 
J"r. ii-ntary armr in H'l:; and 

nil -? n cuI-Ti-'l of fool. Jit' 

bt- ^ C'aall*), M<.n- 

w ' I wbicli oocanioii 

hi- I t>> hini.«elf in U\» 

'{■■'.. i.iiiiin'lo llio parlia-, 



Rtent, V03 marked by n««dtcsa violence and 
cruelty (ef-^V HlTStjocKB,M»m'rnal*,\ip. 357, 
1158). He waa alao preaeut at tin niege of 
Co]vb>!«t(T during the aainti yunr, and ibnut'd 
ontt of the [-iiiiiicil of war upon Hir OhaHsa 
Lucas and Sir f «eorg« l.islo, Tt waa Ewer 
who actually prrwntnil to th« comnona, 
iO Nov. ItJiH, the rfiroonstmncf or doclora* 
tion of the unny wlierein they insisted upon 
('hnrb-H, ' a» the capital f^anil author of tho 
latn tmiibte.'', ' Iwing • flpwdily brought toiui^ 
tice." Ten days later Ewer wu*i»iitru9l«d by 
thu f^Doral council of tho army with thv cus- 
tody of lh« kinj; at Lliin<t (^«tl<.% t>f which 
he was made jforcmor (UfsirwoaTH, IlUtw 
ricei G/if^iiofU, pt. it. %*u1. ii. pp. 133S, 
1340). )It> reomred the king 'with moall 
ulnf-'nanct!.' ' Hia look waa fitem, Jiis liair 
an<l lar^ iMrnrd wirrw black and hiuhy, be 
lield a jmrtiMn in hiu hand, and (Swiu-lilce) 
had a (^.<.->t hR»k>.'t-hilt sword by hin side; 
hardly could one aeo a man of a tnon* gnm 
a«nect, and no lens robust and rude wa» Ui» 
bcnavionr' (IlBHiiRBr, Tm Zajf Vntr* uf 
Charlet I, od 1702, jip. S5-0). On 14 Dec. 
tb« parliament voted niui 200/. to defray th» 
cliart^iin of k4-t^^ping th'j kiiig((J&. pl.iv. vol. ii. 
p. I3<t:;). Kwt^r woacbuaenonHof thn hinK's 
jud^s, waa prvAcnl evory day during' ihw 
trial, and oigni^ th» warranl. In Aprir I6J9 
his regiment was ordered to Imland ( >VniT»> 
l<x;kb, p. 397). np took part in tliv Htonu- 
ini^ of Drogbeaa, 10 Sept., wIutc most of hta 
otncen wer« sererely wounded {if/, pp. 42b, 
429), waa at CloumelOMa^ lUoO, and during 
.Ituie and Augu»L of tho skiiil' year B«iijited 
ireton in tlii? reduction of Waturford. Ho 
diwl euddenir of tbo plafue snou aftt^r the 
vurreiidvr of Wnturfuru (10 Aug.), and wan 
buried Chtre. 

II is wilt, whurvin hi: describea hinuK-If aa 
of Hatfield Hroad Oak. Esaex, waa dated 
I Aug. liHQ, and iiroved at l/)ndon 2n Feb. 
ICoO-l by John Thiirloe, Ihe soi« civculor, 
whom hestylna 'my brother,' and to whom 
hi< left the cam and liiitinn of hil two chil- 
dren, Thomas and Johanna (will r«gtfit«red 
in P. C. C. M, Onjy). His wife teeiua to 
hftvo di'^d bi'fore Lim. Ho bad iw-tjuired eon- 
«idi?rahl>i prurn'rly in Kssl'x, at Onnt Wult- 
ham, Onvit l>i|;1l'<, ninl Hon^ham. At thu 
Ilottoration hia prnptly Viofl (.■uDfiacattid 
^OiMmoitt" Jounuitt, viii. (11, I'Nl). 

(Bata'a LivHiofApi(»tsorM<ir<]«rof Charloal 
(1 MI), pp. 13IU7 ; Trun Clianirtris of tha Jtidgi-a 
ofCharl»l(ISai);W.j»l'«.AibcnieOa(in.<II!i«t), 
iii. iW; W.y>,l's r-t*ti y,oa, (BUmJ. ii. Il2 ; 
Whitr lorkt-H M<'moHi<!ii, pp. 308. 44fl; Vk\. Stala 
l'apri-1, l>.joi. HIia.SO. pp. 27,32, ftTfl, Thiir- 
loo I HiJiio I'lijwr*, T. ^6-7 ; Nobta'i Ljvm of tha 
Rvglcitlua, i. 3g2<4.] U. Q. 



aaiBC.:^^^ 



■.wer 



94 



iwin 



EWER, JOHN Ui. 177 1), hinliopof Uangor, 
•vns fHjucntiMl at 1-Jioh, whence tioprM«edod 
in i7'2ii to King's Cnllvgi!!, Cuawidge, of 
which bf} bccsnui TkUow. II« look tne ^e- 
gnm of B.A. 1728, M.A. 1732, urid 1>.D. 
ITSG. Ou lesTiDf; collpfp.' Im' »"« Bjipoiiited 
Maifltant-miutC'r At Kl/m. Hh tLfterw&nU 
bocuDC tator to the Marquis of Omnby, ac- 
CotupHuiod him on his trrtvol!), itml in \7lVt 
was pKionrcd bv th«> manjniR to th«< rirhly 
endowed rectory of Bo(te8ford,Ijeic*«tershin». 
On 1 Mftrch l'7d<-8 he iras ftpt><Hnt«d by 
palant lo a oainvnry of Windsor (Lk Nbtb, 
Fd'ti, cd. lUrdy, iii. 40)-), with which hi> 
Hub.swiuentlT bold ihu rectory of WviH lUk'y, 
Ilerkwiirp. In 17-10 tie lnT4mcnwtor of Iten- 

fie, tUaex, and on 4 Nor. 1751 vta^ insti- 
Ute«l prebendary of Mon-ton rum Wliadilon 
in UiecAthi^dral of Kerf^fnn) (iA. i. 51-1 )• Ub 
vaft raised to the see of LtRtid&fr 13 Sppt. 
1761 (ib. ii. 2.i6), nnd tmntiiatwl to Bangor 
30 Dec. 1708 {ib. i. l(Xl>. II* diwl 28 t5ct. 
1 774 at his scat ncflr Woreo^t-r { Ornt. Mag. 
xlir. G4*J), having marrii-d, 14 Sept. 17-lS, 
EHrjtlietli,dau^hI«r and coLeiiesa of 'ITiomaa 
Barnard iston nf Wvversloiie, Sutfolk, who 
Gunivfd bim (ib. xiii. 4!)H). lit- l>-ll a daugh- 
t?rr, Mnrjrnr*'t Frnnc«-t Ewrr (will registered 
in r. C C, 41i», UarRrave). His librnry wii6 
sold in 1770 (.NiCHOI.i, IaI. Auftvt. iii.*B.'>ti ). 
I'^wer took occasion, in a sermon pttitched 
before llio Society for thu Propupnttori of the 
Oospt'l in Forvign Ptirt*, 20 R-b. 1707, to 
rfwroach the .\ii)erican colonists because tboy 
failed to Mc any use for bishops or vpiacopally 
oitlaim^d iriiiii«t»n>. He Ihm proceedMl to 
hmnd thnm ns * infideU and harburian-s . . . 
living without remembranco or kijowlwipt of 
(•od, wilbout any divine wontliiji, io diiutoluKt 
wickednts*, nnd the moAt bruul profli^iw^y 
of manners,' adding th« extraordinary etatv- 
nicnt, ' That this thoir neglect of nli^on waa 
cunlraiy to thopntonceeuid conditions onder 
whit-h Lliey obtained rovAl grants and public 
Buthoritv t" thciradvtiicuro6,8UchpnMouou« 
anil condili'in»lH-mg tlu^^-nlorgGroentofcnm- 
nirTrn and the propagation of christian faith. 
The former Ihev ex«;ut»d with ifinoTity nnd 
iMil, and in the lattpr inp«1 notoriously fuilf d.* 
These silly slanders were easily diiiiowd of 
by Charles Chauncy of Ho^lon, in ' A Letter 
to a Frivnd,' dat«<I 10 Dec. 17*J7, and in a 
fipirired ' Letter' to the bishop himself, by 
William Li%'ing8tOD, governur of New Jsr- 
wy, in 17(!<8. Kwer also publtshiil: I. ' A 
Fa!<t Soman before the uouse of I.onla,* 
17(12. -2. 'A Hermon befora t)i>e Prvsidcnt 
audGovemora of th« London Hospital,' J7ti*), 
[Ilirirood's Alanini Eton. p. 3H ; Niphnls's 
LiLAiieed.Tiii.46ft; Pa{^]'?8ap[<l,to.'<aR'i'lkTra' 
TeUar,p.dOI^(i«nt.Mkg liji.[il.ii 74fi.) O. O. 






EWUf, WILLUM U(tWELL (!"31 P- 
1604), a<iiircr, txini in or aboii; 1781, was ths 
ran of Tbotnae ICtvin, formerly a grocor, 
latterly a hrvwer in parLnership wilit 
Sparks of St. Sepulchre's, Cambri'lrr, by a 
dauifhtT of a coni nuTrclwnt naniMl tI>)ini^U 
nf St. riempDl's in liir' samn town (Adttti 
MH. 5^1, It «9A. 70A>, H- wmj. r.l.iM,t 
atSi.John'8C!oll.?fio,C»i " r 

nf which lk« liwk tW •'■ ', 

M.A. I7r*, and LLJl. [ i .hm.. l,!-. i|. m 
said to have roceit'cd a diploma nf LI. .tXfrotn 
Juliuburgh in or aboul 177t^, I'nt his uitme 
dotis not occur in the ' C'Atalojiie of Orndu- 
att'K,' ISofl. At the dtiath uf hie faih-r \i 
iiiinritKl his sham- of the hr^wint; basinf 
and a handcotne fortune, which he laiy>:ly 
creased bv pnvate uMiry. Hi- wk*! place*! 
the eominiwion of (h«iH«Peftirth ■ t -ahh 
county of C'ambri^l^je. In 17611 b 
oldcolli;gi!t«tor,I)r. William Skit. 
in oppotiing th>*ac1 for better mrine^, lijji 
in^, and wstcbing the town, t>y which t 
deoigu was hJndtired for a tiiuu (Ninioi, 
Lit. At^l. i. W:))- ' My friend, l>r. Ewi 
writen William Cole, ' by being much of 
Cither's turn, busy and nuHldliiig in ot 
peoplcV roncemi, got the ill wul of intMt 
p«rMna in the town and univvnity. , . . Thff 
gownsmen bore bim a portienlar grudgie f 
uirtrfering mut-h in iheir oiGurs. . . , Thi 
nfu-ti broke the doctor's windows, AH tbey sa: 
hi^ had been caught lifllening on thoir siai 
coses and dwiw. . . . Dr. Ewiii. as did 
father, Bquintcd very much.' \wnw Im uici 
name of ^Dr. Squint um ' {Addil. .TfA'. Eigyj 
f. (iSA). In Januflry 1777 a mivort wi 
r«iU at (,'ambridge that hi- hud in-trn d« 
in lending luoni'y at nn enomiwiLs intetest 
1776 and 1776t^i a itcliohir of Trinity CoUpu 
named William Bird, then a minor, luid will 
out n (alher. whom ho had also caused to bo 
imprisoned in a opoiiKlng-hoiise. The sum "d- 
Tniioed wiw 7r.(W.,for which he look notes lo^ 
\)\f: amount of 1 ,OiKW. T!ii« ' usurious nflit 
as Cole termti it, rnme to light at a 
lucicy time, for he had been promi 
ehaucvllori'hip of thf ilio.i's« of 
fell vacant in the fnllnwing May. 
months, howovvr. weresUowinl to t-Ia(wu 
fort* the univi-rsity took nction. The tr 
cameon in the vico-ehnM'ydlor'a court 14'>C 
1778, when Ewin made but a wrry 
On 21 Oci. In' was sentenced to be su 
fnim all degrees taken, or to be 
erpelled the univiTSitV. Tho d.jlM 
his aupcul (xmllrmed tli" ^n.ii,: 
\-oI(»h1 the expulsion. I 
(o ill" nourt of kitii-'i i 
to r.,-et.)nr Uim In i llif couH if 

fullai;gitnientaw..: ,, rit in JunolTl 




I. wing" 



95 



:.wmg 



I 




on N'l Hut tbtim ij'ntig do express 

•lai ' university rorbidiling usury or 

ibn Iriidm;? miiopy to minom, llie vtl»^-l'ilAIl- 
i?»-lJm-"» fimrt hiwl no junMiictiim in tbe ctae. I 
Lard Muis&-ld, however, cfnuiucd Ewin's 
ewidnct in tin? Htninftml Irivu, t\'tgai»li'uid 
ue ' a romipUrr of yoiith and an mnrRr,' i 
SUSP'""'"'! 'Iiat a tUiUile lo mvL-t »urh | 
CMM ill ~~ . •iiMt'opaiJi'-d, hndtliAl tln^ 

emit Bi- :' !- petitjoni'd lli&t liomi^tit 

be ttnicW I -111 111 th" conimi^sion of the ]ie«ro 

On 20Ut:t. I77y lie w«.■^^^^'(tllr■?^^ toliiidtv'*'* 
of LL.U., but wa.? nut out of liiepouiitVL-om- 
missiHn ill 17^1. K^-ntuikliT li'-' lix*M liiiii' . 
wlfut IttwiitiiitJ,Mid'tle>i.^X.wli(irM'liis strict 
■Ui*nItoti to tUv uimiDistniii'm of pa.r<Khial 
ciior»"rr.«, ({uiolt tn (Uw-j-n: und wvnn" tiio«>ii- ' 
in ('Vf'ryapeciwiof idl'^nt'.iisiuitl ini|^i.'<ititm, 
iledhiiDmHnyeneniies.piirticidiirlynniong 
loyrt" r ordtrs of iwoplr ' ( G^nf. Staff, vol. 
txxiv. pt. u. p. 1174). Iledi^ «t IJn-nifbni 
_Butt8 on ^ Dm. l.'^Ol, a^ 73. ond \ru( 
" in checb»pei ^-f Nisw BreiilforJ, where 
KiRK'ut by FluxDiiiii rupiinls hi« m&uy 
vntOfff (ljTMif.% Bnvinim, Sumilpmtnl, p. 
10.1). (le nRkHiippow^l ti> tiKvi! l«fl jinipurlv 
•mountinf* t^ over 100,OOOf. 

No partmit of EwiQ is knowrn to b» extant, 

. priat dated 1773 representingf 

in^nndsoD of thu lli«a Earl of 

■■■^ in hi* fivw, f.ir ivliioh «ffr>int 

.i-cuivd litm i.id'lif. MS. T.SI 1, 

' h ■ Mibjeel of many frtiisi'in-t 

l'^t"iH)x>th Lminiind Kiii;' 

.- i....'a wt^rv prin(i:il und hawked 

n^n hhiin the town. Two ant 

^- r,.v (li. (,fnn, ST. OS ft, eat, 6808, 



, t.AnM!d.wli.i.TK(.: Addi(.X.S3. 
I »&, 70h. &8U8. £ T'^II,:j13&, 
■H,f. 80,5833. ff. 291, 29V1 

0. a. 
G, ^lK^^^LI.E(Ir(I7-l«4t>,con. 

(intiAl niini.<tur, thn boo of Alrtandor 
i-lih-r of matliPinarics, was b«ra 
linburf^h, &nd E^tiidied with coii- 
inct»"ii ut the liiftb :M;bo-M aud 
I rp. I>f Ik deeply rdiniftus ti^in- 
Jwidwi to prvpart; fjr tho mi- 
riijainit. hi>> fiif lii-r'n vrralii-*. On 

■ ■ ftH a pr"li:' •■' V"-. ■•- ■■)n«eii, 

lilt iind (I'l- ■ (tffue 

■ ■ I...... ....;,. .. 1 ni*. 

.i:r»:h(l7 0ct, 17I>3). 

wid« popularity a« 

' ;1 htH miitiittnr with < 

- nll.-fli ;-d much of, 

. on net ITU i 

1 I - ■iirgh Mi»- , 



■-^ "-^ 




Bionsry SociolT, becnminir its fini BeenUuy. 
Huwas alio e<)itorof the'MiuioQAry Magx- 
liae'from 17&fltol790. Wht-n Ilabert Hal- 
dwieof Airlliri^y ['vO projecl^d a mission to 
India, Ivwingwun ■ppoiuU>d to fto out. but 
the diivotoTA of tbu ria»t India Compiiny re- 
fuited to suiRtidn the undartakinfr. at^ it was 
itbniidon«i. Un then joined with the brDcUers 
Flnldann in nn important miMionary move- 
m«at at liamc. Ainnn^ its eiipponurs wore 
maiky wtio had not received pre^byteriaD 
ordination. It watt condt^mntid in a paator»l 
B(] monition from tbe^Hiieral OMttmbly of tbo 
c-'ttablisbed church. Ewin^^ who noMrded 
the coiiiin^^iioual ^yslviii oa man scnpturat 
and more ela^Tif> th&tl the prMbyL<?riau, liitd 
in 1798 rvHij^nt-'d hiii clinrge bb minist*>r of 
Lftdv Uletion-hv'i tvhaiB-l, a* well a< his con- 
nection with the churcn of Scotland. Tn17d9 
h« becauM nuni«t«rof ■ coiureffational church 
in CilafigDw.andretAinwttuodiitT-iirAtill ISS6. 
Ax a result of bis labours with the IlaldoQca 
and aftiTWurtht with Dr. [talph '\\''AnUnw, 
connegatiooaliua was introduced Into ScuL- 
Uno. He WM lutOT of tbe Glasgow Tb«o- 
loi^ical Acadvmy — a connvffntionalist foun- 
dation— frotu'iU foundation in tH(K)iitl l.S.-^), 
and did much to prMinotu the eiitdy of tho 
Itibb' iutlin origiiul laxi){iiitgu«. In ISI'2 he 
helped to form tbe Congregational Union nf 
STOtl&nd. 

Kwinj^ w«» thrif* married: in 1794 to 
.\nne Iiini», who died in ITWo; iu 1799 to 
.lunel Jiimic-»on, who di«d in 1801 ; ami in 

1 tK>^, to litrbara, dauebter of isi r Jamofl Max- 
well, hart., of Pollok, and st«pdaa);hter of 
Sir John Shaw Stewart , bart., of Ard^wan. 
Ewing'alMrii wifeilit^dltlStfpt. IfS-S, incon- 
s^iiuence of an nccidedt at the Falls of Plydtf, 
un^hurhuHbaud published a memuir,ofwlii«ii 
a Dcoond edition appeared in Is^. By hia 
secandwifebehadonedau^'iit-^rrWhomarTii^d 
Jnmex Mathej>on, ii c"nRrp(n>tional minister. 

During thn List fiiwyviuriof hi* life Ewing 
was in broken health, and bad to diwontiane 
his r«rulAr work. [To di<Ml auddcniy on 

2 Aug:. IMl. 

Id LHOI he published a Grwk grammar 
and lg.ticoii for sludenu of the Nuw Teeta- 
mwit (2nd ed. 18!L',.1nl ed. lsy7>. He aUo 
published sert>nU MunpUeta and aetmoaa, 
and two IniyiT work*—' I'^uay* to thu Juws, 
on t]ve Idwond thi< Prnphetit^'STolR. (IMO- 
1810), and an 'E^Kiy ou Bapti«m ' (1823>. 
]I« edited thp ' Mtwionarv Maguinb' (Edin- 
borgh, vols. i-ilL 179U-«i). 

|AK<<Dw>trofQn>rillje Etrin^, bThu(lAuglit«r, 
1. J. Matbevon (1843); Memoir of Barbara 
Kirin;^, by h«r huxband ; A. Ilaldane** Livr-i of 
iWwrt. itiul Jniiioa iliMnno : Iloir Soott'a yaali, 
i. 80; Kay'a Ivlinbargh I'ortraib.J W. O. B. 



:.\v 



ing 



EWINO, JL'UANA UOH-VriA (184l. 
]68(i), writer furl Le vouii^. wu Itorn in \All 
at t!<.T]u8fit-l(i in V<>rkj>liirt-,n tcvf milc^H frum 
fllirtK.^M. Il^r f»tli^r w m Alfn-.! t ihl,! v,IM)., 
vicar of KcrlcxHield. Her lunfli'-r was Mrs. 
Miti-K^rvt (liil I y [<i. V. 1 .1 a]i«iiu ( iftt l_v (.tarlpd 
in life nBthektorj-l^IIcrof ih^ nurioTy. 5^h« 
WUM laaob^ven to mimicry i hat tier mottier 
w»a eonftmiDwl ro writ*- n niory (o chi-ck 
ibeexoeaBTe dnTPlopnient of that faculty; 
but to the liuit Bhv loved |iUT-nctinK, and 
•otwl well. From tlic ftrtr horcliurud^-r-n-M 
strongly tnarked by tke u[jriH;biiie»#, g4-iit1«- 
DfW, uid freocrodty whicli sbe loved to dirt-ll 
on in hoT •torie*. Her lir»c vlury wiut 'A 
Bit of Green,' pnblitiluKl in tlte ' MoiiiIiIt 
PMck«t ' in July 1801 ; and ihis elury, with 
aam» nlltem, cniud i1.ut«(l lii^r fu-jit voSuitii', 
'publUlied in IMl> under thetill-^'Melcblor'n 
Pn'am, ftml iiIhtT TaJt-*.' Fnim Iiit yoiitli 
sliit van Ti-ry delirat^, but alitiou^b her Mif- 
forinffs vere fcrtM^y in Ui«t life, nbe nernr 
lout her chwrfulnvst. Fr^tn IBi}:! to ltt68 
the li)ocle*lieId family circle k«pt up a nanu- 
aoript nagiuine. but few of the contritjulions 
matlvtu tluH vcltv priiitc^I. ' Auut Jitdr's 
Magaziua,' xtarln! m May l^'tSli, owma iu 
lill^'totbe nicknamp piren to Julii»na<»«tiy 
«« thu nnr«i'r»- etury-ieHi-r. H't Hr»t con- 
tiibiilinn to the ma^razinn in m*bicli mn^t of 
herfilorifssfipearedn'as 'Mm. Ovprthewiiv's 
lU-uit-mbninc**.' In iKtC Bheni«rri»;d Miijor 
Ale.vandvi' Ewinj;, Army I'ay I>«|iariment, 
and WTib her bii^bnnd Mon Miihi) for New 
Ilrimewick. In 18tM)iibei>t;nt to 'Aunt Judy V 
M«in>Eine ' theBtory which shows her {towi-rtint 
their bti8l,''rii(] Ltuid of LortTov^'fiiUon^id 
by uiaiiT others, somt? written in delijjblful 
irrwolar vefsu and nllvrwHrd« i>uli)ii>h«^d in 
Bnuul fwparutv voluuivie. In lifrJ fUv wrote 
her 6rsi aolditT^tory.'The Teaee Kjtff/toVie 
fulhiwed by ' Loh-lie-i)v-tI»sfiru ' < I873>, tU» 
pnjiiilitr'JftekaiiA|ii-i>,' and thf loucltiiijt' Story 
of a Short Life.' (ta tho dfotli of Mrs. Gatty 
in 1873, Air*. Kwinj; hi'l]ir«d Iut fiHtcir tocdit 
rke mafraiiue. but after two yi-a» ehe ^ve 
th« work up and confined hentelf to her own 
talM. At Aldenbot, Bowdtm in Che!>hiriL>, 
aud i'ork, her occupations and interests were 
(b«i Mm(>. In 1^*711 she 8tATi«d to join her 
biu>banil in Malta, but at l^arie »1k' b<*uamo ko 
ill that »li« luul to rt^tuni to t^^Iand. I'titil 
ISB.tshi.'n-AAthuR.'HipamtL'dfrom bcrhusband. . 
Allheeudof that timi? BlM'n*roiiv«l lo'lnun- 
ton.whichflh'^li.-ftiOnlvloherarrif-il toUatb, 
where tbf dieJ on IS'May 1^K'». 

Mift of Mrs. Ewiofj's storioa appeared in ' 
• Aimt Judy'* Mnii^rini*.' from IHtil to l^iHG, 
but ith« rontnbuted alao t.o a frw othrr 
iioriodicala. Hnr eL'[Numt« works were pub- 
Li«hird in auiall vqIuium by Dell J^ S'li^ and ' 



Exeter 

the Society for Promuting ChruUan Know- 
ledgn. 

[Jnlinnn llnrnti* Kiriitg aad bar Books. 
: Ilomlm K. T. Onuy.) P. A. 11. 

EXETER. Iiukes or. [Sc* Bn<kr>'uitT, 
Sir Tuuhu", rf. Il:i7; iloLtasD, Joiui, dL 
1400; Hoi.f.iKD, Joint, d. I44a} 

EXETEEl,li4aL0r. r8oirCKClL,TnOMA*,' 

1612 Ifii".'.] 

EXETER,M«tiariaor. [Sw OorkTBVa V. 

, IUmu, IHW*-I53%.] 

; EXETER, JOSKPH or (I-Jthctw.) [S 

' JOHCVH.] 

EXETBB, STErUKN ar(». 1240). [8<n 
Step II BS'.] 

EXETERy W'khTEB or (Jl. 1.101 ),nuni 
monk, irt Aiikii^l tt> havo written, at tho in 
, stanco of ona Baldwin, a citii'io of Kxetirr, 
a liftf of (tuy, wtl of VVarwick. in l-Wl 
when livinir at St.Caroc in (.'om wall. 1 
to whom we own this notice, conji-ctun 
that hi; was n Dominican friar, and tin h 
al.tn been (Ir^wriWd aa a Franciscan ; bu 
St. Caroc (St. Karroc or St. Syiiac). iic. 
ljOAlwitbi''l, was a cell to ihn Cluuiac h<m 
at Moutacutc iu Soinersot (l>t;GOXl.c. Mi/na*- 
tirvn, V. I "3. pd. lyi'o). Aa for th<- work 
with which Walter of Kxeivr is credited, if 
tlte date be conwt, it cannot l>« a lifo of ht» 
cvntcuporar>' Ouy, earl of Warwit-k, wb* 
only became mrl in 1 29A, but must In* a ft 
orvemion nf the well-known mmanci', 'fin 
of Warwick ' (on which »«■« H. L. I*. W.isnJ 
iMatof/uf (if Itumnntft in the Jiepartmm 
uf ManujKn'pU, Brll.i^li M'l^-ura. 1RH3, i, 
47I-H4); hut tif AVhIiwt'" hiMik no trofe baa 
paH.iod down to lu. Sir Harris ^iicolaa (Sie^ 
nf Carlnt^rock, XSiif^, pref, ir-vi* s"trjri«lil 
ihiit he Wild th*' author of the 1' 
tliesi^Ki^ofOnrliu'vrockj but r 
luubit.-nclt.'Urlydiicproveil hvT. \\ tij;lit ( 
t>f Anna vf tke Hieyt fff Varlarerocf:, iryii-y 
p. Tii). 

[Bnl« H.S. 8«ld«n, Mipra, 61, f. *3; (Vri 
Urn. Cnt. X. 78 {pu li. 41): Prinw^a W«ril 
oCD«voa{Kfeicr. 1701), pp. 2781*9.] R. L. I'. 

EXETt^R, Witxitu or, a nam*- Wlatif- ' 
inf{, H)! it R-ema, to more than one ponum 
coiniaeiiw)nit«Jliybi"gniph'-r»; I Tlipailtb>jr 
of i^rtain ' IVttirminiif innfn ' a^aitut tVl 
luiiii. ■ !)>? Mntidicitste, contra fratn.'*,' ' I'm! 
Kccleflisi rniip--nnti\' nnd'IV Ot'DiinlionoJ 
ChriFti.'wIii] in 'aid to haTi? been a doctor 01 
divinity and nmnn of Exeter, and wlio mafl 
be proeumcd to haw writo-n between abnu't 
132Uftud 1340. 2. Thu aulhgr of a c>urfc ol 




Exiey 



97 



Exshaw 



[•-•rri]i.>u« on the B^aliiudes, who must bare 
[0l^^nrllll>'l1 initcSeArlnTtliKR l.he nbovo-itiiuciJ 
[ M iliiain, ■iiic4> rite Laudiaii luantLscript of hU 
K-ork (Lau/t. .Vs., Mi^.^n. a(W, i. lt«, IJodl. 
[l.tlir.> Muaot U^ lattT than i!iv U-vinniiig uf 
llhc tbirttfeutli (.■t'litiiry; v>-t tUi» vi ritttr'HtU-alli 
Ifet plact.<d hy Wmid in 136-'i. S. A third 
[Williiiinof Kifti^rwH* pliyxicitui lij Qu«.'ti 
rPliUippa, and bi'lrl h rariet,v of church yite- 
fiFnuciits, which are BDuuiraued by Taoiier: 
Lftinntigtti<'mw-iuitEicpr<-ri-nlnR<hipi>f iJiicoln. 
lUeisaiid to b«TPgrad»iir(.<dinart«, mcdidnn, 
tthvologjr, but no nrittngB are a&aigQod to 

,1.. »f c a-trloi. rap™. 61, f. 52. Bod!. IJbr.; 
|[< '. r. 33. p. <05; PiU. Pn Aagl. 

; uincr* Bilil. Itnt. p. 3Gfi t\. »m>.] 
B. UF. 

EXLET. THOMAS frf. 1R55?). murhe- , 
tirinn, w*» bom at (iowdnti, n Tillage ono 
wwt of S^nailb in Vi>rk*bmf. Ilnvlau 
\\ic dtSTOo of M.A. (but at whiit um- 
lly i» unknonti). bu Hutllod tomv tunu 
■frtre )HI2 u.* a uiutheiunt>dil lvacb>?r at 
loi. In that T<^r hu bronchi ont with 
KV. William MiK)rv jDhnnon, tlinn cn- 
of Hi-nbury. f J loiicesierahire, a iifii^ful 
compilAtioa cnlitU-d 'Tbo Imperial Encyclo- 
~ "' i; or. Pirtirinnrr of the Scicnws And 
, coioprebendinK also the wbolecirclflof 
Bllnnr>Aii« I.itorftliir>>,' Ac, 4 vols. 4to, 
' IJy I^IS be hfid given up 

■ . and rclin>d to Cotium Park 
Jliiit'^I. He dii-d iu or uboul IdG-V 
r. Adam Clarke [q. v. J, in wbos<> defi*nce he 
~ Illy WToI*«, was hi)* brPthcr-iH-Iuw. He 
twHv nn'inbiTCif tin* llriUnh Ajomcia- 
■ihit Advancenifnt of Science.and rpad 
popen at lis ni'.'ulinj^. LUs other 
i)|:iaiv: I. ' A Vintlifjitionof l>r. Adam 
Clarktf, in ojiswcr lo Mr. Moore's Tboiighlii 
-; ... ,i|;j, nf I ],^ Second Person 

udiln?jii<t^] lo llm P«mle 

sva, Briitol [1817]. 

' ^ RftnarkKoti tho 

' r ; and ibe I'se of 

I in naiicrf oi lt«rolation. Sii|^f'4l«d 

il poMagi'*. in Ht. Adain ('JaTkit's 

on the NfW Testamral. To 

•ddvd Kvniitrkji un Mr. Boyd's 

I on Ihn aanK* iin1iii-<i in tliA Mi^thiidist 

?n*.' flv... I>.r..l..n. 1818. 3, 'The 

I ' i 1 - (M<Tff<-t(?d ; or, tb« 

Kli-ini;ntj« demon- 

t-d. -vi'. K' '.'1 1-1. i^lH. 4. 'Principled 

Natural I'hil.w.phv; or, n new Tbcorv of 

pc*,f'>un'J(.'do» (Jravi(ali')n, uiirl iiiiij^:i;-d 

Ibiliuniiif* lbr>(i(iurrul l'ri:>|>"r;L' ■< i! Nlnt- 

tc., Sto, IjundvUf IfSlit). Ji. ' i'hyait^al 

a nr, llic lliauomvua of Optica ex- 

xntt. 




plained according to Mechanical Sciitncp, 
ant) on th« known Pfinciploaof (travitKlion,* 
Hvo, l»nduu, 1&34. 6. 'A CommtmtAty on 
thi< First I'hapter of Ueneai*: in which an 
Httrnipl ifl mnuti to prrseni that. Upautirul 
mnit Dnii-rlr NaixRtivf in its truoUglit, To 
which ara added a Short Trcatisfl nn Geology, 
showing that thv facts anscrte-d by Moeet 
. . ■ corrohorat« tleoloflical Vnct*, . . . t 
sliort IruHtixe on lUe I>eluge,' kc, 8to» 
Loudon, 1844. In thu pr«fa<'e tbe author 
fltutea that 'thi« work la not n mushroom 
niition jiiflt sprnnfT Up i inde<e<i for moro than 
forty years It hot) occupied my thou^t^.' 

(Work*; Jlallwwt'* Briitol DilWlories; R©- 
pwta of Ilritiiih AMoriation.] O. O. 

EXMEW.WILI.IAM (irjl? P-153f.),CaT^ 
tha-iun, woe educated at f'hri.'it'a Colloge, 
C'amliridgp. Hijt Inoiid. Maarire Chnuncy 
[q. V.J, says that he was a nan of pxid fiunilj, 
and tluit wlitin at (lie a|{u of twenly-^igbt 
bo was clmoen lioJir (niid i*honly afterwards 
xtdword) of thf> London Charter lioa-J:-, thcra 
WKSnoCuthustan in ICngland bi'tl'>r liti^^l by 
wit and Irarnin^ for llie |><iHt. Thit iinur. lut%-e 
b«<'^D in li>8o, as Ilumphn^y Midilli^morM ia 
called 8tewar<) (proiiuralur) in to.U {Cat. 
HcH. VIII, vii, 7:W). AftiT thi* prior and 
othtT more imnortanL Canhusiana hul flnf- 
ftTrtld-ealh for UHnvin^ iht-kin^'asuprtimscy, 
KxiUL'W and two othere !<till per^ii^i^l in re- 
funiii^'lh-^ until, and were forthwith hansedaa 
traitcrs in Jmifl LVlfi. They had nrevintigly 
InHTniRifirisoiifd in the Tower, rigidly chained 
in a ntandincr p'Ottilion for thirtt-en days. A 
tlieoloKic&l treatise untitled ' The Cluwde of 
Knowing and tbeClowde of Coulemplation * 
hoB buen ascribud to him or Cliauncr, but tlw 
luindwritinff of IK* c>>py in i bi- Uarleiau col- 
l'>ction {Haet. MS. 074) belonjrs to nn edrlinr 
period, and the wrilvrof that eujjyt^igns him- 
self Walter Kililiprhert, Aiiotb.T copy at 
Univvrjily Culleeu, Oxford, ia mentioned in 
tbe Oxford Cntnlu^'ur of Manuscripts. 

ICal. of Hrnry VIH, vela, vii, Tiil ; Coopei-'a 
AtliPIlK Cantabr. ; Wood's Athnnn Itxnti. i. )A0 ; 
Tjinner* ItibL Hril.; Scrv-pv'« f^cb Mpm.j Bnga 
do S«cretit iu 3rd Rap. of Ucpntr-KfytpcT of 
Public lEwwrilal H. I!. H. 

EXMOHTH, ViMomrt. [See Pku-bw, 
Edwabp. 1767-1833.] 

EXSHAW,CIlARLES(rf.l771),pabter 

and engraver, a native of Dublin, was ono of 
the early cotnirotilors for thi>Soci«tyof Art*' 
pn>mium for on hlstorirol pnintinff, with a 
picture of ' Tbe Black Prince entertaining thu 
taplive Freucb Monarch aAer tbe Itnltlo of 
iirvssy.' II0 is toid to have HtudiMl in Rome, 
but in 17S7bewaiinlVnaaiia pupil of Carlv 

U 



Exton 



98 



Eyre 



Vanloo, and tie executed four eng^rings of 
that pjiinter'e ehildrea in ii combined method 
of ctclilng and mezzatiDt GngTQviiig. Vroia 
Pftris he proceeded to Amsterdam, where he 
eftpeciaily Btudtl^d the works of Rembmndt, 
atid executed two fine etchings from his pic- 
tuKS) 'Poliphar'B Wife making Acctisation. 
against Joseph,' and ' Christ with liia Dipci- 
plesat Sea in n Stnnn/ the latter plate beinp 
datod 1760. HealBoqxeciiredMmeclching? 
and mezzotLiit enj^vina^a of heads of boors 
and peai^ant^ aftvr r&nous Dutch ma^ttera, 
and 4 mcKOtint etigmving of ' A Girl with a 
Basktit of Cherrififi, and Two Boys,' aftnir liu- 
1>ens. He §uh»equentlv seltled in London, 
and iinsucceBGrulIy attempted In establlFh a 
drawing-schoolf after the example of theCa- 
racci, in Maidun Lane, Covent (.4ardBn. He 
died early in 1771, and in April of that venr 
bin collectiotiof Btudiesand pieturea wa,ssold 
bir auction. 3n nUi heeitljibited two pictures 
and a dpawingattheSoeietyO'fTlrilish Artists, 
iacludiii^ a view of Salisbury, 

[Dodd'a manuscript Hist, of EnglishEngraTerj; 
Eiitrnrda'a AnGpd, ofPninteps; ItedgmTti'H Piet. 
of Artists; ChalonerSmitheSritish Mi'zzotinba 
Portraita; Nngler's Kun««tldr-Ijesiki>n ; Omros's 
Diet, of Artists, 1760-1880,] L. C. 

BXTON, JOHN (1600P-1665F), admi- 
Tnlty lawyer. horn about 1600^ was educated 
ot Trinitv Ilftll, Cambridgu, wheni h« pro- 
cuedudlkA. lfil9-20, nr.A. 1023, LL.D. ie;34. 

In ld49 he was appointed by the purliamt'nt 
jiid^r-e of tlio court of admirid'fv, and in ihia 
officii he was confirmed and reappointed by tin: 
Duke of York nfter the Itcatoratioii . Exlnn 
died about llWii. lie was married, and had 
a fiimily. A son TUomns i-s notitryd hulow. 
John Elton, perbnpa an older son, entered 
Jferchnnt Taylors' School 011 11 St'pt. Hi2S, 
EstnM -wrote 'The Sfaritime Hiereologie, or 
SeaJurisdicfioDof Knglarid, s-ft forth inthreu 
aeveral books,' 16G4; landed. 17'V). This book, 
which is of imme vnlite, wiia written cUielly 
I0 maintain the jurisdiction of his court, 

[Xofps and QuBri-CH. October 1859, p. 310, 
Novoniljor ISTiff, p. 389; I lit roil net ion t» Ttliick 
Buck of Adnilnlty in RoHa Series; CiiL Stnto 
FiipersundtT 'Commonwealth' and 'Charles II [' 
liipgister of Mcrchnnt Taylors' School, i. 124.] 

y. ■W-r. 

EXTON, SiH THOMAS (1031-1088), 
son of John Exlon fn. v.], was bom in IfiMj 
entered Merchant Taylors' School in l&ll, 
admitted a memberofOray'e Inn 164^, went 
to Trinity Hall, Cambridm;, where lie prn- 
cceclcd LL.D. \ViCr2. He is noted as one of 
suven lawyoTH consulted regerdiDgthe (fra-nt- 
inp of a lease by Queens' Collogue to St. Ca- 
tharine's Hall iy 1676 (Wilijb and Claiuc, 



ArcMteeCura! Sutory of the Univrreify of 
Cambridge, Cftmhridge, 1880). In 167U he 
became master of Trinity Hall, and held the 
office till bia death. Previous to 1678 he was 
knighted and appointed one of the jud^ of 
tho admiralty. He represented CftBlbridife 
UniveraiCy in the two parliaments of 1679, 
when he was described as advocate-eenerai, 
inl681,andl6S5. He died in 1688, and wn* 
buried on S Nov, at St. Peter's, Paul's ^^^la^f. 
' The Case of the Merchants concerned in the 
Lobs of the Sbip Virgin, . , , as it waa . . . 
presontedto his Mdestyby Sir R, Lloyd and 
bir Thomas Exton, was printed in 1680. 

[RegistBr of Merehaat Taylors' SohoO'l (1983). 
i. L50; CuatiihrigienfipB Gradtuili {1659-I7ft7}. 
p. 131, rd, LuArd <1S00-81), ■p. 641; List of 
Memtiers of Pariiameat, toI. i.] F. W-t. 

ETRE, CHATLLEa (17&4-1R64), miscel- 
laneous writer, bom in J7&4, was educated 
at Trinity College, Cambridge, where he pro- 
ceeiled B.A. in 1807. Ho afterwards took 
orders, but finally att-acbed himself to the 
unitarjans. Ho took coiaatderable interest i n 
lh«; mOYem.ent that led to the Reform Bill 
of Ik:!:^, imd way for eome time proprietor 
of three liberal tiewapapera prmted at Col- 
chester. Afterwardshemanagedeilarg^fanii, 
hut resolved to part with it at tlie solicita- 
tion of some members of his family. Before 
he had signed tha transfer he comioitted 
suicide by hanging' at his residence, IFpner 
Park, Dedham, Essex, on 28 Sept. 1804. The 
coroner's jury found that he waa temporarily 
insane. 

Eyre w.To(e: 1. 'A Letter addressed to 
th(> T>ukps of Norfolk and Grafton,' on the 
Reform Bill, Ipswich, 1831, 2. 'An Illus- 
trnfioii of the Epistles of St. Paul, including 
an entirely new translation,' 2 vola. 183i*, 
3. ' Remarks on pernsLiif the Rov. P. E. 
BulI'.T'a Letlvr to ttiu Unitarians of Ipswich/ 
&c.. i'nd ed. 1836. 4. 'The Fall of Adam,' 
1Pj:3, from Milton's ' Paradise Lost ' (an 
amended edition, of Milton's epic, in which 
' frequent variations, both in incident and 
lanffun^, ivill be detected, and in »^mecoae9 
correction or auppoaed improrement '). 

[Rtfi-Toaccij in Works ; Oant, Mag;. Kovemlier 
ant! If&efmher 1664 : Essex Standara and East- 
■pm Couatioa Adre rtiscr, 6 Oct. l^M ; Brit. Mob, 
Ciil.l F. W-T, 

EYRE, EDMlTXn JLIIDJ (1767-1816), 
dpfimatiat, son of tho llev. Ambrose Eyre, 
rector of LoTerington and Outwell, Cam- 
hridpeshire, was bom 20 Mav 1767 {School 
lie;/,], nod eDtcredM^rchant Taylore' School 
when ten years old. In 1785 lie was ap- 
pointed exhibitioner — first on Parkin'a utd 



Eyre 



99 



Eyre 



|k 



on StUMTi'ii foun JiitJaa— at Pvm- 
!, Caaibrid)^, l>iit Ivtt Uiu univAr- 
tatj without ffmduarinf; to jmn a. tbE<alrira1 
cotnpva^. &ttvr bavins liad coDHidvrsbb 
MOTUkuiLl rsjK'ricncc 6S a oomdiim, h^ niod« 
MM fitsL Bppuu-ance at Uriuy Lane in 180(3 
ht rbo charuct«r of JnqniM tii ' As toq like 
U.* lie u ««wl 10 bare been a ' rwiiectkble 
rathtrihan a iiTvut nct^r' {Iliog. Dram.), hut 
tbc former e|nthel is inspjilifAblt^ to bia *)(>• 
nertic life. Uc di^l II A[inl I'ilQ, leaving 
a bnK Aimilv of doubtful kgitimu-y. Aa a 
wri" 1 ' ' le and vareatilc. Ht- 

Wb- [•leau,' A Fn^md tu | 

Olii i>u_i;iuM. i.u. ir.M.iinO'TheTwoBill^' , 
(s poti^cal pioco), 4to, I70fi, und of K>me 
'OmemtionRmaJealPamduruigtbelVacti,' > 
6v<>, IW^t, but iiiK rcpiitHtioQ rcata upon biti 
drftioatu* piw&s, fHiin>' nf which arc not with- 
oat acnt. Ini^luded among thriu are tbi.* 
fetlowinff: 1. ' The Dreamer Awnkc ' (farce), 
8Tt\1791. 2. ' Mftidof NuraiBQdy'(trttgcd.ri, ■ 
8vo, 17fiiS. 3. 'CaiiieqiU!0cc»'(comedT),8vrt, 
17W. i. *Tbf Fniul SisttTs' (dramatic read- j 
inpl. «v". }79f?. r,. 'The Discarded Stxrv- , 
-vo, 17fl!(. a. ■ThcTuara 

- nil ftf Liiid Xelsoa ' t'dra- 

.nutic alKU.li>, fivn, ]8)W. 7. 'VintaRora' 
JMilaJnupaUc rfadinK>. Hvn, lt*«). 8. 'Hiab 
"'" " ;* fiir* ^wmMv), 1^10. 9. 'Tlie 
'..lit-' (SirM'.S<Mtt'ei»i»«n dra- 
•I) I ni-.lodrauui), l&ll. 10. ' Look aL 
IP,' l((ll\ 

'•i. ISI3.i.323. ;81;I!iof:-Dii!L 

^Aathftf* (l'*l«>. p. Ill; Noici «wl 

I^Snd •■r, ri. 4 ! i ; Grixut's Hi si. of (be 
I. 202: BoMnwon's Rig. of StcK^iiimt 
■vbool. ii. H3.] C_ J. K. 

KTTtE, S t n on .KS (rf. 1 605>. j u(!)i»>, oldeat 
^^H,..*!; l,..t\ -...,• i!,.,.|.«,-ofti,^\Vhil«j«iri?h, 
^\ : titon til that iitiirtlv 

In ■:■.•:■ pifSir Kicliai^ 

■■.bin-, rnli'n-il 

.iiD'i wnsr.allfid 

ifbt. iin held tb*' 

tn rh^ mayi'ir and 

■\iindnctivel_r 

: leijfwt'harttr 

the lovvii in (iitii viiar, tTCuiTiiiga 

thf tTtlii.. nf 10/. in r«co^ition of 

< ntiyappuinlvd 

! lid niStS'! unit) 

f tbo ror- 

' fiowi'Ter, 

■ .-- «m 

\ in 

iiud 

-'jrd 

_< iht- 

■ncr with (li» 
:.d lUr bill dt» 




vlarinR the Convention nntfularfarlioaiatit. 
On 4 Mar lOJ^ 1»> wax Call^ to tb« deam 
nf neipfianr-flt-law. Tbo motto inKiibeaon 
th» nags K'^'^'Ht according to ctutom, by tbe 
n<>wly C9\M wt}««nt3 wa.i nppmpriateto the 
oL'Ciuion, being ' Teniendo restil ml rem.' Ho 
■KM at on<!c t:rcat«l n jnstico nf tbc kinf^'s 
beccli. On 31 N»v. KJWt ht; waa kuicbtcd, 
lit' dipJ oil :^ JiiD'.' iwyr», and on the ll'lh waa 
buried in tbo cliurcli nf Whifeparisb, Will- 
(ilun?. Eynj miirrii-d iwlc*. lli» tir»t wife, 
Dorothy, "dauffbtur of .lubu Ryvt^aof Brans- 
ton, Doretitahin.', died in 1677, and was olao 
biirifil ill Wbili'ioirixb cburcb. IJU M>cond 
wife. niriKiat)elU (jiumanie unknovn), mu- 
virwJ bitn iind mnmed Lord Glasford, n ntx-^ly 
Sroi^h p«pli<t, iclio wiw committt'd to tlio 
Fleet pruoii for d»'b(. iu 1099. hia wife having 
dr-scn^^'d him, though worth, according to 
Lutln;]] (iv. &4D), 10.(KX)/., aiid baring lak«a 
all her property with ber, 

(Hoare*ti M<)-l«rn Wiltfihir«,T.Ft«BUIeM Hun- 
drrii, p. A6; lj«titi>f Mcmbpnof {^iT^iameiri (vffl- 
ci&l return of); Pari. Hiit. ». 1«7. 129; Lultttira 
lUlalioo of 8l.ilc AfTiin. i. 939. &»S. iii. 481 ; 
FasaV L)v«>»orthe.lDiigirii.| J. M. B. 

EYRE, Sis JASni;S "M-1 7fi9) J\id«-, 
WM son of tbi) Utv. Tbomiw Kyrw of Wetu, 
Someraettdtirt.', pn^SjeitJjirv of Salisburv from 
\7fi^ till bii> death tii 17<*>3. Iloarc ( vffof/rm 
tt'iiUhirf, Fru«lti«ld Huiidrwl, p. (W) con- 
nects him with the 'Wiltflbire family of Eyre. 
Another son, Tliomo*. B.C.L., of Si. .lohnV 
Coll.^*^, Oxford, l7.Vt. and D.C.l.. 17Ml,T.rt- 
bendary and Ireasurerof Wella, and preben- 
dary of 8altebury, di»tt on 'J6 March 181^, 
Ki^-tl81. JaiDei,bapii^>dnt\VcUso» 13 Sept. 
17:)4,l>t«aincaiiChuliirof Winchester in U47 
(Kinur. H'iru'hfAt--r .ScAolan, p. 24t*). raa- 
triLnilul^."! at St. JobuN ColKyw, (l.\fijr<I, on 
'J7 Oe\. 1749, but did not lakf a de(rree^Fo«^- 
TCit, AluntMi O-tin.) He eulcrvd Lincoln's 
Inn in November 1 7.'i.'J,I>elii|i ib'.*cribed in the 
n'ppter as the «in of ■ Mr. Ohaticollor Eyre,' 
Ilavini; two y«iin« lalir t rnnsfirnil liix iioine 
tofiray'fl Inn,bewaaralled toihe bar lln^rein 
17oo, became bwnrhor in 176SaDd tressur>.>rin 
176il. Hepurchancdtbeplaceofcouiwellotlie 
wr|*oratioii of Loudon, and pleaded lor some 
years, chiefly in tlie lord mayor's and ihcnlT'a 
cwirlj!, Iltf xvasapix'iiilcddepiity-riM'order in 
Febrttary 17tJl.atid recordi^nn April 1763, in 
HUCTP'i.tiiin to Kir Williuni Morvlou. Hi' was 
onr-of \Vilki'»'8coiinwl m lli>-»rl ionof Wtlki-a 
r, Wood, trii'd on il Dei-, 1 TiW. Tbe defendant 
being nndi.'r-s'.XTetiin,- of Mate had, in pursu- 
Biic* of n e-'n-Tfil n-jirnint ugnnl by btA chief, 
Lord Halifax, ouieTfil and »«iirehed \\'ilk«'a 
bnii».> for evid<-nee •-^tn)iti«bin^' bit s>it honhip 
oftln'rulcbraiedNo. 4.0'iftbo'>iorthltrii«n.' 
Eyre made an t^laburulc e|ii;t:ch, which ia 

■ I 



Eyre 



lOO 



[yfe 



reported at frame letif^li in the ' Stam Trials,* I 
xix. 11&4-5, diUlinc on (W otttnige to thu 
oamtitutiao whicli ita execution of grni'ml ^ 
MWrcli wTin»nt« involved, Kn<l, ncrurtliuiE lo , 
LcifR. tlie rvpnrlnr, ' alione psirpmfily.' Fhp i 
jury f'lunci ftir the plnintitV. Ejt'>, li<jwciv«r, ! 
VfiiA by no moftnif a [inrtUan of Wilkcit, and 
rnivy serious offuncototbe corporation \>r tv 
liuitii; lo prp*-ntto th^- kiiip t !nt n;mon*frftnri» I 
on tiie siibitTl of thi- (■xclunion of Wilkfta 
from purlinment, drawn u{>f<_>rltifcor])or«tion I 
br Home Tooki>. TlMM^monBtraiice wiwprf- ' 
BOUlcd in the luune of the curpontjoii hj Sir 
Junea Hod^ca, tho lown clerk, oo 2A May 
17/0. ttnd tieatwl with fonteiapl- Tb« cor- 

>onlioii panwd ft vot« of cenminfe on Kym. 

rbe minurtry. IwwoTiir, murktKi tltelr appro- 
■lion of ]ii» oonduct li>' raining liiin In lb>' 
__lch«quer boaob in October 1772. He- waa 
Intighled on '2'i Oct, He «*&« ■ member of 
tbc cotirt which on 19 Nov. 1777 piuaeil 
WDtence of fine and imjmsonnifnl on llome 
Tookfi 0^ the author nnd publisher of an ad- 
Tcrtiwment colieitiitg KubBcriptiona on buluilf 
of * our be)oT(N] American rellow-aulgecU ' 
' l&huma.iily mitnk-rod by thu Icln^V traopii at 
or nvar Ij-Kingliin.' On lidJnii. 17,'^7 he wan 
raii^-d to ih-- tin*jiideiiry of the rourt of t>x- 
chequer. In tbi.' ititorval Wtwt'en the rwi)(- 
nationof IjonlTbiirlow and ihn afijtoinimi'nt 
of l/xd Loughborough, 15 Juno I'^i^ to 
SI Jan. 1793, he was chief roinniiuiont'r of 

ihR gtiMi deal. On 11 Feb. 17U3 lie w«b sp- 

Kittled chief justice of the common pleaa. 
this c«|Micitv lii» pr(«ii]ed in Kovember 
ftjid Dweatber 1794 al the triabt of Ilftrdy, 
>l»m« T<>okf, and others, chafed with hav> 
in^ oiiixpired to aubrert tbo einislilutioti, 
diRpUyin^ in the Investi^lion flomfi of tlie 
hiKliral judicial qualitiL'S, uatu-'ace, iiupuiti- 
nlitv, and the power ofaiftin); ivli-vant from 
imiUvant iiiatter,u)dpreeentiDg the former 
to tV< Jiirv in n luminoiu nrnnner. TlieM 
qiiiiliiieA he a^iii exhibited in tlte CftSR of 
Thomas Crosfield and others, chnrpied with 
roiispirin^ to u]tf tho life of the kin^ by 
iDe&iii of a bow and arrow. The trial UtoV 
place in May 1700, and enJli<d, like iboHe of 
Hnrdy and Home Tooke, in an oirmiittal. 
Errf diiit on 1 July 1700. He waa ouriod 
in the pariah church of KuMombu, B«-rkfiliin.-, 
where be had his aiwL. Hi.o porlTait lutngii 
in Qrar'a Inn IlaU, in ibo bay window of 
which Ilia anna am tfoiblasoned. 

[Dowell'B State TrioU, xix !"■ « niv. 199. 
sxT. 2. T«B : Oat. Mne. (IT (mi) 

pp. &S9. Ma. (1799) r>. 709 . , MctnMr 

fit IfurnH Tfioki), ii. 7 ", ; Uaydn'm llook iif Uitf- 
niiicw; Lyion-'s Mae. Brit. i.3£2 ; Dontbvaitet 
dray'* Isn ; Vom't Lirea of the Judm,] 



EYBE, JAMES (1748-1SI3:l ptiV.- 
logiiil, Ixint in 1748, mliimti-d at Ontliarif 
Ha]l.CanbridgG,Wfts head-ma^trrrtif Salihul 
i;rainnuu- EchoM and rvctor of Wint'-rtounK 
Sloki>, and Ncttlcton, He annoiaCfd Jal 
boh'b ■ EngUsh Dictionary ' (in muniiiuinot 
and his notes were incontOTwuvl by Todd ii 
bia edition of Jobnaon. Ilo died in 1913. 

[Gent. MAg. IHi, to). Uxxiii. pt. i. p. 499}' 
Pr«fi»w to TwU's JohoMoi.] 

EYBE, Sill JAMF^. -M.I). (I-iy-lJtoT 

rhvaiciau, wu horn in 17IW, and in Octol _ 
811 cummduocd his medical education at 
St. Rarthulocnew'a llinpilal, where be wu 
a pupil of Abemethy. In 1^13 Beveniy-fii 
atudenta siibecribed to g'lr" th.' [jn-Jit ailvt 
cup with covor lo .\b^mrjby wbu'h is noi 
used «a a lorins-cup at tlie annniit dinner of 
the leacht.-n of t)ic ni<*d!cal tu-hivjl of St. Bar- 
tholomvwV, and Eyre was obowo lo pn-wtnt 
the piece of plate.' In 1H14 iw bccam'i a 
member of the Cidliirf of Surgoons, and be- 
gan practice in Herefofd, where he attained 
Bome local celebrity; in 1830 wa» elui'i"! 
mayor, and wa;" kniirbUii in thai fear on 
the aeoesaion of William XV. I>rinVwat«-r, 
mayor of Liverpool, vras theonlyotber raayor 
kniffhtiil, iind a wnwrk of Abemethy lo 
patient on theae honours prewrTes the doi| 
rect pronunciation of KyrftV name. ' O 
ftiA-ay.' said Ab(;rnt.-thy, ' and have always 
vour Ihoughlit the names of the mayors v ' 
have ju£l. been knighted, Eyr>> and Prl 
wat>-r, and you will aoon rrctiver your wii 
Olid your aKape too, I |>rDmiFe you.' 
after hia being knightw). Eyro <lecwl*d 
becoau! a phyjiirian, gtu<lii>d in Parih for 
year, graduaU-d at Edinborgli ir !-'" 
came a membor of (lie Colhyo of 1 
of London in 1'<3rt, and .«i'l up in {>i^< 
Lower Brook Sireef, l^ndon. He iiiiV 
in 1846' Practical nem«rlw"n j,.r.i • V.. 
ing Ditenaea, pnnicularlv H. 
\vom«n:' ana in iJ^yThc "• 
L^ithvultiw.* Uolb books adi><ca<^ th« 
of oxide of silver as a remcdv for mvtt 
guflthe diuirders. They ara addrcsH*! : 
to palit-nlit tliiui to phyitir ions, and r-ontu 
many trivial anecdotes, and no scientific 
serration", .\fter ]>ra«;tifinc with no 
•ncce*ii for scvi-ral jfiir*. I'^yn- reti 
Dromplon, and died sudd.-nlv while 
a friend at Clapham on lU June l^<'t7. 

[Kjrre's ViVirin ; Lirnd^n iii*! PfiiTiiiMiil Meij 
calKirftClory, 1847. Iji' ' '■^T. irirei I 

erruDiKiBi accouac of hix ] S. M. ' 

EYRE, JOHN <17:.i-i-i^ii, <>^-xaevl 
cul ^■l■•ly^^^mH, *on nf John Eyivof Bf 
was bom there In January 17ol, and t 
ou^Feb. He waa odaca'ted iu clatticsl 



p 
^ 



I[«T. John Fisher, iitu^teritflltKliiiiiiKriUumar 
<<cb(K>Uui(i ill mat liciiikl icb It^ t hf Uc v. JtisLpli 
Tburpx, n?etor of I'lirniltiir)- mid IrnVBlf^a, 
Corowatl, in lufl priTtiU> aabool At Formbury. 
Whfti flrtoi-n _vt-m> »M Ii* wns ■pprieiiL(L->'i;l 
to Mr. uliv.T, 1 rlr>rhifr of T«rJ810clr. and 
n" I' n'scUiiiginthsi town. 

A" - u-nu (il'upp^-iitic*- 

«bii' ijt r>'urri<:0 (i> h;4 fattier'^ busines* at 
Itouinin, hihI prew-'bed in hi* leisure hours in 
il4 town hiill, nt which the fitlhcr was m 
inoi'ii incFii-^ iluiL he ilrovi! hit pon rrom 
haaw wilhout «upulyinc him with the mf&nfl 
of liTtag. Thfjugli ti fnviidV EymjiutLv Eyn* 
WM eiublnl 10 fntpr I^^ilv lluiilin^'duira 
ooUa^ Bt Trvvi'<ii». onti uniltir liiT mtroc- 
migK hrminintrnril nt Tnjtonr, ('<>rn«"iill, Ltti- 
Aitn, anij Mullwrry Garaeofi Chujial, I»udon. 
TlKn:.'7l 'Itlcilltitltf Mtl|iXll{ thil diMoiiteiv, liv 
d- r.F* onltTR in ihi' church of Knc- 

lari , I' iiiiitnculutcHlttt KuiiDitniielCuI- 

kgvv (-*iuhri(l^'. in 177h. On .'(0 Mny 1779 
bin wu ortUiot-d lioncon by Itixhoii l»wlli, 
«ndoB I!] Dm;. 177!) be waandvanced to th» 
pn«tiioo(i bv Ilii^hop Thurlt>vr. Hu wu 
curate «t Wetl.Jii iu I77vt, to ('wii nt ljew«a 
until ITPI, then ut Si, Gik's, R»'ading, and 
at St. Luki-'*, Cbrliu-it, Httrving in bolhulnix'* 
und<7 Cftdngan until 17*5. About C^rist- 
maA in iJial ycnr Kyne «-« uppc^iintt-^l millili- 
ter itf llouiinTi^n, or, m it yvim otUin vM'^l 
altor its founder, lOiia'sChnnel, and bcnpi'iu'd 
a i^ool at \\>11 Simi. Ilwknoy. Uub<-n 
A-^i"! .1 '.' v.] was one of hii* pvi{iil», uwl 
<]• tenti§ of iLchcbiMl, uiid Daniel 

^\ . :.'i)> of Calcutta, wus unutherof 

ihti U'Vt Unjiibl by biiii. I-^yni wait very 
«cliv>' in tiifr miiktHtcrial diitius, nnd be aidL-d 
in If many of thui.-liH'f •■vanKirlicnl 

iti'i Thv plun til' th« ' Hvnu^Uotl 

Mafi'iuuiii:.' ■ joint advfiatun- of iiliun:U uf 
Kn^land nnd di«'.-i(ini; ministers, tbi* limt 
number of v'< '->'*l in JHlyl71i.t, wil* 

HMtnrMlIx),.' Ifl'-dundcuulributeil 

Uir. ' lUtil lf<PL'. Hi- wu» 

t«i "Loudoii .Mi*aionary 

S'WM ;y I ii :'. i _dEdwftnl 

liftOMiu in 1- my nt Idle, 

YurValiirv, uljiiiij 1-Ia(. i w h- m- vru* ori- 
^(tatol iu 17<t<l)iy |'Ari.-audulh>.'t>furH-ijdiug 

o«' ' - -■ ' -1* Ki Iriboiir in thi> 

01' ii.nndfmuithifiEpning 

tlu 1 - _ .... , 1 .. ■ . „., Ill r.J->tl<.-i^>, ■^pt-nitl in 
llWf. III! r-inifltinrn admitttsl luy prt-nclifirs 
(U hi* pnljiit, nnil Minn-I ini'.'s short'-ned the 
littir^, ai>d Jay r(«yi. ill hi« niitolno(rm|ihy 
(p. I.Vti: '1 r>iti'Tul» r Iiow it wiw wondi-niii 
■I iloii, of L'alvin- 

i*T I I i)r>.-aoh al Mr. 

W' ■;. I-, anil jireocliei] 

■ritL.i. , itili>DgiUni.'«8ba 



dii^I <m '2>i or ^ Mnrcb 1803, mid vriw buried 
in a Tnult on thR eoiitb cidn of thn comtnu- 
nion-table in llomvrtuo Cbu|w<l, !> April, \ii» 
ftin^^ral srmion b/^ing nrcnched by KonUnd 
Ilill. In Xovember 17^5 bu married Mies 
Mafv K^nc, from nrar Ilrnding, who died 
alWfllStnM-t.Hackiiev.aOJmifi IS27, np^ 
i)i), and waa buri«d by Ler liuabuud's nido oti 
2il JuHf. A inL'Uiuir cf Eyr>< bv thu Hi^v. 
Ucorgi* (.'i/liMn, prt- sidviit of 1 lackni-v ITieio- 
log^iral Seminary, «pp<?ar*d in the ' Lvang^ 
licnl MugazLue' fur June and July 1803, and 
a niuTrttivi- by thi> suiim- minisfi-rof tbivfonn- 
dation, uuiiily by Kyre, ul' that iofitilutiun 
npjH-uri-il in tb)> luunv mii^xino for }i^3S. 
Ills wnnon ' at lb« opening of iho ('ouuuws 
of lluutintcbin's colUf!* at CbMhunt ' vraa 
publi.«hiid, witli oilior dwunieut« rolutin^ 
thereto, in 171*^, and iu 1W^^ he was vindi- 
cated in n letter to the Bishop of London 
hom 'Home unkind rcfkctioa* pa««vd upon 
his chnraeior and conduct bjr bis aueceaeor 
nt ICam's Cliapol, 

[Robinson's Ibicknoy, it. 267- 0; Erangrlical 
Mii^. for iai>3, ISO-'i, 1 S2g, 183S. 184S. nml 1801 ; 
Jiihn M<itiKiu'a r.i>iiili)a Mimionary Soi'tuiy ^1841 
c<l,]. pp. 9'4i) : Juiiu Cumpbi'irii MaHtiiof Biit- 
o>vi-Ty und Miwiitms. pp. ITl. I81-2IH), .i:)H-8; 

[trmiea'i.n>«t.<)fl>i«le[|Ien,I80H-:iK.pp. i:tli.8; 

Wikddiuiituu's C^uctfitaiional Qist. lo 1310, 
pp. 30.6i-7«: AnpUnd'allolifrt Asplandtpp. 10- 
IU; Oiiit. MuK- 1K03, pt. i. p. Zm; ChrisLiaa 
Uttunliaii. xii, 401-3 (1820); Boasoaod Coiirt- 
noy^i Bibl. Coninb. iii. I17;-8.] W. P. C. 

EYBE,SinU0BERT(liiWJ-l7So)Judg<', 
eldont Mi'uand huiruf t"itS«uiui.-I E>TfLtj. v.j 
of Newhou«e, Wiltshire, and cou>iu ot Sir 
Gibs Kyiu [n. v.], both uidgcD of iho hinff'd 
Ix-iK-b imdL-r Willium HI, wua bom in lOUU, 
tnli'iiJ Liiici)!n'«Inii in April 1683, was called 
to the bar in February ItWl'. and went tbo 
western circtiit. Hrlji'cann'r«'r<irdi'rof 8ali»- 
iMity in 16SIIJ, siici?e«din|i; bis coudin Sir fiile«, 
and rnp'v>"-'ntt'd lb« boroiiab in tbclait Ibrti* 
pnrlinnicnts of William lit and the Urnt of 
Anrij, ItHiy-lilO. In May 1707 he wnsniade 
a (liicco'd cnunael, and on '2i Oct. ^7^^>* »uc- 
i-i>vd<.-<l Sir Jame« Montagu na ludieilor-ffeDo- 
ral. lie wn^ a manager of Sachonin'll » ias- 
penvbnt'jnt, iiItb'JU(th b>: hud disapproved of 
it, andailviscdmenjlybiiniiiij: lb** sermon and 
conGninii its author diirint^ \\iv «»Mion, and 
Hp]warrd unt^rwanU nffutn>>t the uerwsn* nc- 
cuM-i\ o{ the riota arinufr out ot ihul trial. 
Jui^t befon' thewhie admiuiRtralion rwiifnttd 
ht' wati Bppmiit«)d a iiidg(> of thi^ niioen'fl bi'nch 
in !iui.vp*sion to Mr. Justice Oould, 5 May 
I7li>, nnd waa knij^htc-d. Upon tbt^ HCc>?Mion 
'if ( )i.'»r:(^ I Im waa app>in(ml chaiiot-llor to 
the IVince of Wales, with a patent allowing 
liim to adviac the princo,and take bea in Hfit* 



lyre 



lOZ 



Eyr< 



of hia jtulg«Aliip. Ileocu in 1718, wltcn the . 
opiiiioDoftliejiirl^EifiwnslaltPUupunlhckiug's ' 
prorogHtivr touching IIih inArritigtM of mem- 
DOS of iiU faiDil V, ho difTerod trwa the otlinr 
)ad(^ ID favour of tilt? prtncv. TliiK.linwrvitr, 
did cot proTcnt hi^ jimmotion. He bpcanc 
lord cliief baroQ i6Nov, 171*3, ■nd lord cliivf 
justice of the oomroon plwu 27 Mnv 17i'S. 
Cliailg68 w«re made oguiuit him iu 1729 of 
iiBTing corruptly assiated in prison Thomu 
nanbrid^ [q. t.], the Trnrdcn of Xcm'gnM', 
who bad ueen convictt-d before him for mi»- 
conduct in thomanaRcuenI of the ^aol. A 
otomittev uf till- lluiiH) uf (.'ummoiu inves- 
tigated the charges and acniillted F.yK. lie 
was the iatuDste friend of Uodulplun, Marl- 
borou^, uul M'a]])ol» and Rumrl, and aj^ 
nonn tohsTnboenaiwctiliarlTlinu^htr man. 
Uq died 38 Dec. I ISo, and war biirien in 8t. 
Thoiana'*. Saliahury, 7 .Inn. 1736. By his 
wif<<, Elizabeth, daughtci of Edward IEu'Ikb 
of Wftrivy Place, Emcx, ivho died in 1734, 
hf had thro« toat and ouc dau){hl«r. 

[Poa'a Liveui of the JudgM; Burnet's HiBtury 
of nil DVB Time ; BeditiAtou'v Treiuury Papers, 
IJU7-H; Honre's WUtstiiw; Lattrell's Diary; 
Suila Trials, vols. xt.&oiI xtii. ; Rajmood* Im- 
ports, 19O0, 1331.] J.JL.U. 

ETllE, Sni SAMUEL (1033-30981, 
jiid^', rami^ of a legal foiutly, lii^ gruud- 
fatber, Rulwrl, baviug bi'cn n bencher and 
riNKltir of Liniv>lu'i) Ino. mid lii* fathvr W^in^ 
ft harrirter, Uobtirt Evrc of Salishuty and 
ChilhamptoD, who marriiil Anne, dnii(;Iittrr 
of Samuel Alderfti^ of Aldfiwy inClufhirc, 
He WBS bom in 1633, bni)ti»>d -JH Dec., ond 
was cftUed to thft bar at Uncoln's Inn in 
JunB 1061. Undftribi' pairoiiore ofthc Karl 
of Sbaneebitry, whttw adviner he waa, he at- 
tained iom« prof<<BftioDnI fminmict-. Ho was 
made a oerjeuul 2\ Apnl lOKl^, and succeeded 
Mr. Jurticc Dolbcn in the king^'s heneh 
6 Vvh. 10114, but was nut Kwum iu until 
22 Feb, When Charliw Knollyo claim lo 
the t-arldom of Banhun' canu.' bffor« the 
HouKH df l^^rdit ill ItiflH, vlyrv wan called on, 
along with Chiff-juMirti Holt, to dtalu to the 
bouae the ^oi)nai> upi^n which be had gi^-en 
jud]nn<^t>t in favour nf Knollys, who being 
tried in the king's btnch in ItiJM for murder 
had pleaded his pririlegv as a peer. This the 
two judge* rcfw*ed to do. thu matlvr uot 
cominK bpfnre ibwhoue* on writ of irror fnnii 
Iho king's bench. Tht-y weru threatened 
with (ommiltal tot)i« Tuwrr, but ihv matt vr 
dropped. Kyrv diiv] im circuit at I^incatrter 
ofaii al tnrk of c<'!lc 12 Sept. 1698 (or lOtb ac- \ 
cording t')I,utiiv]|}. .^mnniimt^ntwndCTcrlfd 
at I^iie«i>4cr]«faim,Dndhial)odywB.oremovcd 
to Si. Thom&A'«, .SAlisbuTy, the family burial- | 



Slace, 2 July [O&O. Hn marrii-d Martha, 
Bughter of f^ranrb, fifth son of Sir Thiunaa 
LuCyofCharlecnle, Worcestershire, by whom 
be had tour Ron!) (the eJdeiiT, ^ir Robert I'>\*t« 
[q. v.l, was jndgv of the queen'i bench) nud 
two daughters. |]ii« wifi: brought him eon- 
eidernble property. 

[l''.xw'» LiT«aof ihr Jud^ ; Hcaiv'a'Willaliin; 
SlattTriaUvoLuui I Itayaoad's RflporU, lO.j 

J. A. H. 

EYRE, THOMAS ( 1070-1715), jeeuif, of 
the family bet tied at Euitwell.Lvicctitenilurt?, 
waa bom on 33 Dm. tli7l). Hesiiidii'd at 
thu oollogo of St. Offiur, wae admitted into 
theSoeictyof Jesua in 1687,and wa» prcifewM!<d 
of thu four TOWS on 8 March 1705^. Ilewnji 
chaplain to the court of James II nt St. Get^ 
main; became pnfeaornf thttolo^at Ij^ge 
(1701-4), and in 1712 was sociua to the pro- 
vincial of hiii order. He died in London on 
Nov. 1715. Dr. Kirk I^Ueved him to W 
ooncAtned in a biography of James II. 

[Foloy'a Reoonls, ti. 2i&: Eirk'd Biog. Cal. 
lectiooa. maniiaeript tiuoted in UilluVk BibL 
Diet.; OlivRr'a J«miitC>>l]eciioiis,p. 87.] T. C. ~ 

EYRE,T1I0SL\S (1718-1810), caih 
divine. Hon of Nalbnnle) Eyre, e«q., was' 
iul~4^atidediKal<:<Ituthe»diori1. " " 
at E»(|uerchin in cmiKi-ct iun will. 
CulIeguatDuuny. Arterbi'ingonliiiiH . , r 
htf nmf- n-taiiieil in the ci>il>-gB as a prui 
In 177A he returned to England bii>. ,.:.<^ 
plncenl in charge of the CMigregation on tho 
!>teltne.<italeinThe partiih of Ityton, Hurham. 
lie began in 1791 to collect materials fnrm 
conliniintion of Poild's ' Church IIi-'or% uf 
Enrland,' hut the diHitniction of ' h 

cstbolic ealnblidhnienls abroad c<' "> 

a mofv active lift and prevented liim Irom 
proceeding with the work. About 1792 l«j 
was appointed to the mission of Pontop I lall, 
near l^iichc»tvr, Durham. In 1794 a niuu- 
berof the students whit hud benn driven from 
Duuay weru wlabUthed in the new collegft at 
Omok H.ill, Diirhnm, which wan leniiximrily 

{Inced under Eyre'a direction. The Her. Jolm 
)aiuel [q.v,], un»ideut of Duuay CoU.^., 
(irriY«>^l at Crook Hall in the following.' ;. 
and by virtue of his office assumed 
of thestudeniB. A few days oAerw 
cver,l>auielr>r*igne<l.ii»dKyn' wajta 
iir>'iii(!<!iit of t'ruok IlalL Tin* 
nourished under his manai^^im cut, 
the prof eMiunt and »Iii<t<.<iili' reni'iv 
Inrtvr college which had N-i'H built 
at t'shnw, four niiW from Dorhaoi. 
Eyre die^ on fi May Iftlrt. 

He piiMishwl : 1. "The In^cmctlon 
Youth m L'hrtstian Piety,' Newcastle, I 





Eyre 



105 



Eyre 



(j^naUtion from the I'tencli of 
:"jt. 'J. Ad ^ditioa of John 
iTiial Work*,' NcwcaAtle, irso, 

Iti" i;iiiiiiiM!npt CoUectinns, iu 2 roU. 4to, 
for « conUDiutioa •}( Dt^Jd's ' C'liurch lliii- 
'toiy' w ikKsefTMl at LhIuiw C'ollef;«. 

{Qtllov'i Bibl. Dice, t. prcf. p, ti, ii. 199; 
'-^-* ■^' il Saceesiiou. tit. 218.] T. C. 

|,YrsXEXTa^ll-I881),p?ne. 
f »»1, \ioTu Bt I'orttiloYfn, m-nr IVrlMuutilb, ou 
^ Jan. iKli, w&« llie ibird con of Captain 
Hmit^- Kyrv, of ui ulil ituuk of I>i'rb.V(iLiru ca- 
ralicn, hj Mary, <liiuglili-r nf .(. CuartiiiiMin, 
«K)^ uf i^ugliran, ro. Galwsy, Irt^knd. He 
Wi« i^liicalcd al tln' Norwich i^mtDftr M.-hix>I 
andvr tbn Rev. R Valpv, who was aim tlie 
iwcWr uf Sir Arcbdnlw Wilwn of Delhi, 
lel Sto«I{Urt,t)i>? Rokharo virtini.Bii<l Sir 
iBrooke[n.v,] EjT«entMre<itlieMiiit«ry 
Lmdvtnj at Andlwombc wh^n nboiit lil^co, 
aofl [msMxl out itilo tiip Brtillor^' of ifau com- 
BOyunlliDcc. 1628. IlewaBffazetCodtotltc 
«anl flilAbluhmnii, And landed in Calcutta 
31 Mar 1H29. .\flT "ifflit y<»n« bw wim pro- 
nob^ 10 bo firet lieulcnant, and appointi'ii to 
ifcorwarlinrry. Iii I-S33 Kvrt'inarri>-dlhe 
net of Oninni'I ^ir Jamea Mciuni, hart. 
iindijil&-'jl. IqI^SU Eyre was appomlod 
[.eonmiftlaty of onlnanM to the Onbul field 
fnroe. He proceeded to Cabul tbrou^li the 
Piii^b) taking with biiu an iinmeDs^ Imia of 
ordwtnce etorae^and Kovlitnl Cubtil in April 
ItUO. The arsenal wu got in onlar.aud pru- 
viaian nade for tho supply of shol, isbell, and 
oibrr War iDjkt«nal« to iha nn\min» in Af- 
[{[liaoiaCau. On 2 Xov. 1841 tho riainfr took 
in wliich i^ir Al<_>xander Dumw [q. r.j 
killMl. Tbt! IlrilixJi forc^ wait imon 
idod in ibo csutoumeolt^ hy the Afghani. 
, Hiry toadf: di-jpcTatv vallii-jt, in oovof which, 
1 1."! Sot., iCiTL' was in ooounanil of Ivn gime 
M-nt mil wit h a force to act a(faiiut thi> walled 
■ ■"■: ■■ '-f Ii«)-manvi. Karly in the day ho 
^■■ly woiuidtTl, \Vlifn in IJecetnbvr 

-..^ Toitinf^T woA constrninM) to nenro- 

tiani for Ibe withdrawal of tlw iirmy, four 

taairiM offlcors with their faniilit-H wcrt- do 

maiidoit by Aklmr as bOBUg«8. Kvro voltm- 

icrmd lo ffn, btit tJiK negotiation fvUthroiich. 

t A t rvat Y for •'vacuaiioa waa, however, rat iiTird 

I cm I Jnn. IHtL'. Kyn', Ktill aafTerittf; Imm hia 

woniD'l. and IiAinpen^ hy thi> prcsi^ncc of his 

[WitB and<:hihl,»tarKdwiiblhecQlutBn(<iJan. 

On tlM^UiAkburdiunanded that the 

^^_^_ 1 ofi<wnwitb thinr fumilic^ should bo 

- •orratularod aa hoi>ttft«a. Thn Kyrea were 

•nong tho fiuniliea ao aurrendcivd. They 

beard aOouaf^crwatdMof thoCJuipl(-U> dnalriK-- 

tka of tho column. TliAy ptased nearly nine 



moutliH in captJvily, moved to dittutt'iit fort«, 
and sufforiog- many privation*. Tlii< ciimntw, 
bowerur, waa hwltnr ; publio worsbip was 
obBCT\-od, and a school was establiab«d ror tho 
cliildreo, Eyie kept a diary and took jmrtrairs 
of the officer* and Udius. The tniiniiicript 
wofi tmnsmiticd to a frioud in Tndin with 
flWHt dillicully, it was iiniiii<diuU>ly pub- 
lished in l-higlund a» ' ^tilitarv OperaUona at 
C«bu] . . , with u Jouruolof ItnpriMHiroent 
in Affthanifitan'fKebnjory 1R4.% followed fay 
a conelufliou of tU« JQunial in April 1843), 
and oxi^ited univi-TMi] inl<?rvgt. A new edition 
rvviiH.Ml and enlargt^d by liim npwuvd in 1878. 
In August llutc&plives were suddenly hurried 
oil' towards lUmian in the Hindu Khuah, 
iindiT u Ihreut of being Bold 09 elavva lu lliB 
l'zbpg8 of TurkfSlan. From this &)« llw.y 
were snved by (he vnprgy of Poltinger, who 
succiwdtid on 11 i^pt. m buying over the 
Afghan ofBcer cuuuuiiudiaK the rscotI, Sir 
George PoUook waa now ad^'oucin^' for tlieir 
re«iii:. Uu the l"lb they mut Sir H. .Shiike- 
spear ill the head of b fm-ndly party of KixiU 
biuihborM.-,nndo&thi3:!l.'4l t hi'V marched into 
PtdhiikV tamp at Ciibul. 'I'liey uuiuht!iT.>d 
thirty-fivt* offici^rs, fifty-on« ftoluiar*, lwel»H 
woniiii.oQd twenty-two children, Uet timing 
to IndiawithPoUock'samir. EyrewajtiJOHied 
once more to the horseartillijiT. While quar- 
Utim\ lit Mocrut he oriffitiat«u a club for the 
Europtao noldiviy, prolMbly the fint of I be 
kind. InlWember lt>44 bnwoa appointed to 
comniund tbu urtillory of iho newly fonncHl 
'dwulior etiuliugitnl.' He ruaed this force 
to a high pilch of efficiency, a.s waa proved 
Ijy it« uclions in the mutinv. llii period of 
service ntfiwalinr was marked byanalt«mpt 
to fotmd a colonv for x\u^ fnniiticM uf Portu- 
giivao niitives left dratitule by ibe dlsbnud- 
ment of llin Mnhmtta force. Ue obtninml 
land for their sett lenient, whiiCh.bv hiedmro, 
was CAlh'd Ksaporp, i.o. the ttba^v of Chris- 
tiana. After prosperioff for « time it won 
broken up by tlio unfaeallhinMui of ihn Kitun- 
tioo. He also undertook the dutie-i of oxo 
cutive engineer, arcliitwt, mad-maker. Jtc, 
to tho station, and erected a very linndsomu 
litl.h' church. In 16o4 bn Wame major, and 
in May 185fi visited England on furlough. 
In i''«bruary 1857 he returned to India, and 
was posted to a horso-artiUpry battt^ry at 
Tbavat Myo in Burma, but was recalled lo 
Indfa on the betaking out of the nutiny. In 
J uly bo wa.t s«nt up inuGangus for Allahabad. 
Uu the '2Sth he readied lluxar, wlmro li« 
leanicd that a force of mtitlneeni under Koor 
^tngb, tli« ntjab of .Iiigilespur, was besieeiog 
H nmall body of government servants in a 
fnrtifii.-d house at Arrah, forty nitltis fmm 
Huxar. Eyre Cook ibo ri»pouRibilily of di»- 



embukiiiff I60in«)ii<>f tliH^>llifuc»i, nhowire 
under orai!>n for Allohabud, nnd vich ihcm 
mil] hi* own foirt" laarrli'-d to lli« nslii'f yf 
ArT«h. Starting nn 30 Jnlv hf^ Wrned on 
litH Tx>aA that the (>iKiDy lisil i\-]iiilf>_-il u ity 
tarhm^-nt of fi>ur linndrfd Hritl.«h triii'[w. (>n 
S A ug. he met a force of i be «iieuiy li vt> t ime^ 
u» numerous a» bU own. 1 !■; dcfcntcd llicm 
after desperete tishlin^', <^di:d by a dticUire 
Imyuaet'^hiirse. iK'u-an junt iniiiue to smve 
(lio hoiiw, wJiith hud olrcady Ix-rn minL'd. 
E>re Jisariiic>!thi?lowns|»!0|(l>'>if Armh.Bnd, 
being n-inforeccl bTtwoconiMiiiosofthe lUth 
foot and onv of ftiittniv't^ i?ikb#, tei out <'□ 
the 1 1th to driiTi Kuor Singh out of hi* fort i- 
iiv<l n.i&idimco at jR^vspur. Onca more vic- 
torious will) sinnll InjM, hi' (Irxivrt tin: i>ni-iny 
before bim.cupturine two Udd-puna and <-am- 
plrtelj diwtnijinjj Kdor SinghV st ixiu^'hold 
witballitatnunitioniiof wnr. ThisbrWcARi' 
pM|{n, undertiikeu na hi« own ivAponaibility, 
Teetoro) ordpr in llio Hirtrict where it oc- 
cumd, wecutvd the coaiimitiicat iniut by lh« 
Gnod Trunk Road, revived KritiBh preslipc. 
and drew from Uuimui th<^ highv^t ymit*.- 
and nn cHnieat rMrrininiendaliiiu nf it.'* It-mlKr 
for Ihw Vietoriii Crow, an honour which was 
never bi-Jilowmi. V.vm now jniinii at ("awn- 

8 ore the forro odvancing under Outmm nnd 
ir H. Hnvrlock I" thi' relit-f i»f L,ucknf>w. 
Tht*rolnnin rparhfd LiK^kiiowafli-rfonriiays" 
Slfhtitig, Kjre sucpeeded lo tbecoaimandof 
thJeaniUpryon thrdr-arhftf RripidiorConp^r. 
lie commanded at the importiini outpo.ii of 
the Alnmhafifb till lh>' onplun; of the n-lK-l 
city by Lord C'lyde in March 1H58, I''or his 
«0n'ici_-9 berD ho waa fiiitiui^ntly uamwl in 
Uutruu'8 do«gatcb4-j<. In lh-ct>nibvr 185" hi- 
waa made licut^nanl-cnlon^l and V li. He 
bMatnc bn-vpt colonel in IWombor 1658. 

.\ftcp tin- I'Uppn-H'i'jn vf the uiiiliny Kyru 
waa appointed to jiu)>cniilfnii ihe powiiiT 
works ul lahiipurv, m-ar <!.'alcutta. lien?, iu 
ISfiO.hi- inarririi hirimiiMri. t'-fithrrrin"- Miirv, 
daughter of CapUin T. Kyrp. R.X. InlSOl 
Eyre wiw »fh-ct*-<l by Lnrtl Utiuning tn Ik- a 
membor of the commi^^ion on tlifi amnl^- 
■nation of the compnnv's armv with that of 
tho qu«cn, and in l^tlS won appiitnicd in- 
apector-Ki-nonil of ordnance in ilie lt<-n;;nl 
nrmv. In April Ih()3 ht- woji ord'-rcd home 
oil tick l«ii\c, and r'-tiix"! with tb« rank of 
lieuti'uant-ifeneral in October iWA In lH(i7 
ho rertelvW the K<ocond-«1a«e depuration of the 
Star of India. IIap|Bmtn|f to l)e in Francw 
on the breaking out of the war with PruMia, 
Eyre unili-rlnuk to ■irgnni'^e nn nnibuhincp ser- 
vice under the rules of Ihi^ Kn){bnh National 
Ktfd CnHm Society, lie formed a local com- 
mittee in August at Iloulopne, and for th«>n4>xt 
mght m<;ntbs he and Lady Ejn oontintwd to 



hr lli>> pri-Aiding and uio>it. artive uiemberv of ■ 
very benefirenl orgnnisation, The*o M-rrioi4 
werv m<mt handiomely acknowh-'dRed by il 
variousniithoritiot of ih« two b.-llif;cmnt na 
tiona. I [e pas«ed hi<j winters at Ivome during 
hiA lalf*r yenm, and was cvenrwhere a favou- 
rite in society. In i)m- timuiuvr of ]8{?0h« 
waa attacked by a spinal di»eatte, and di<^ at 
Aix-U!»-IJaiDaaai32Si5nt. 1^1, UismmAiiLa 
were brought to England and inti-nvd at 
Kensal Gre«iL 

Kyn* waa a man of noblo and bcvulifi 
nature. Ilandaome, courteous, aix-omnlikhn 
he was at the same time daring anil full < 
r>*aourRe. High li lira ry and artistic l«len 
were oomhineu with hiii militnrr qnoliiiAti. 

He lefl four children, oil by his first wifp. 
nirfe noni« ndopi>>d the cartirr of orma, and 
his daughter married a military officer. 

JTtio puMir rTi'Dto of Erre'a life will lie funiul 
in tlie-tAwInrd !ii!tijT!«(i of India and th*M«iiny. 
A memoir waa publi^i-d during hia lifecimu by 
ColtilM't U. 11. M'lllcsoir, C.8.1. (' HrnriiliooB uf 
an InHina Ufficial.' IBT2}. Htmxn farther fad* 
linrc WoB Bnppbed by the kindnes of hi!> reln- 
tivM.J U. li. K. 

EYRE, SiK W11JJA.M (1805-16^) 
maj<'r-gi'n»rnl. vonnger son of \n«!-ndmi; 
Sirr.eorg,. Kyri. K-CB., K.r.M.O.. by Owr 
gina, daughter of Sir (j^'orgf Cooko, hart 
was bom on 21 Oct. \t*W>. lie was educate' 
at Uiigby School, wher." Ik- rttmainwl froi 
1817 until he entered the army as an en^i 
in tlic t!th regiment on I" April IN-.I. Il» 
wn« i>romottMl lieu'cuoni in thiat ngimirtit or 
& Nov. It^o, and to a lialf-pay cnptaincy on 
20Xov. 1^27. IIi'ri-nitiini.-Joni^mployi'd until 
31 May 18:^^(, vt lien be r<}ceivt;d a cotn)>any 
iho 7i1rd r^mont, with which he continue' 
for nwirly twouly-tivo y^-ar*. TIm' "Srd w 
^tali<'Mled in ilie ilt-ditermncanfrom isyo 
IMO.inwhich year Kyrcwaspromoiedmnjor, 
in Ciinada from ]S.'in lo lRll,aud at homo 
from I&lt lo IRIo, wht>n it was ordurvd 
the Cape of Gtiod Hope, On it* way 
hoirevor. the r*--giin(>nt, tliMi under th^i co: 
mandof Lienlennnt-mlonel Van der Men) 
Wflfl diriMtwI by tlw British miniMcr ot fCi 
de Janeiro to proowd to .Munte Video, whic 
city it garriAoiw!d from January to July ' 
and di-Y'^uded againet an Argcatiuo f!i>' 
under Geneml Drilw. In the latter month 
proceeded to its ori^nal d^nti nation, ond 
actively em ploy eti m the Kiithr war nfllM 
under the command of Ej-re^who wn.i 
moled Iteutenanl-C'ilonet on 12 Nov. 1 
Kyn'i* fltne^s for senic<» in a war agninv 
eavaees in a difBcuIl country wa» nDivcrsall 
n-cognisi-d by thf! g.-nonjil.* under wtiora 
a«rvcd, Sir Perc^in^ Maitland, Uenry Som^ 



at 



ff 



to. 



lOl 



ont. 



IMdi 



bal 



p 

I 



fiet,at)jl ~ IWkrIirr. When t!»* next 

K^r 1^ 'Oil in 1861, bf^ vrm at nnct- 

onlecvil lo tli<- front, ntid placvd iti ootnnuinil 
of « riilimm. rfin.-i-itin(( of bi^ own wgimpnt 
ait'l :.; inJ"jimtry,bT.Sir Harry Smifb. 

A\ . TCi: h(> oowmnUKlH-i) mimy iin- 

poruuit I'laU »f nmi»; on 10 Ajml 18J>1 tie 
defeatM) tb« tuitfirs al llnibi^i ilivi-r, anil 
oo IDStTpl.at CuanniltMr'MHill; ou It Much 
\^'J li>' r>i]iiiiun)ie*l the ri^hl coluinn in the 
attack im Mafomo's Blrang:lialil : and on 
7 ApnlhffcaptimKlovor^ghtliiiutlivili-attlf 
ID ftu iitd<ip!n<li'ot expedition into ih^ Atna- 
tolftcouairv. WIit?DL?irGLvrgi-CDtliL-mn hul-* 
eaMlwl Sir Ilnrrr Smith, tn' maintaimil Kyre 
la contoanil of ht§ iii<lp|ientleji( <i-olumD, aud 
tuiiler the n<?w ctiunnatiilf-p-in-rliii-f Kyn- oif- 
cipmitod rhroiiirliotii tlie fiiuil iipi-rati'mfl of 
tn Kaflir war with the ^cate^l credit (««« 

30, 07, W, U>7, IWJ). Wht'n tliis *«« over, 
EjTTv wws aelt^ie*! far the commiind of the 
•BCond brintdv uf t hf anuy, v. liich tijir Gi.*oiv«! 
Cfttbrxrl I«I io pf-rswu to puiiifth MiishesTi, 
tbe n»»uto chjpf. Al lh« battle of licn-a In' 
coamiandwl on ibv ri^ht,iind did much to 
win th* Tirtnrv. N evert Iwliaw, in certain pri- 
TB'' " ii^tcTWiird»piibii«hiHl <tA. pp,.'tJ4, 

IH- n. hlaniM Kyrp for iliinking 

tO'iTv [>i -ti/mR cuttle than of his loililarv 
dutiei, all ati-iiiMtion wbic)>lb>-1i>tti-rrf^f>]tt'd 
Id an tnivr^'ntiti^ lettor lo the ' .MominK 
Herald ' iif '.':( < >ct. lsr<6. In his public Av*- 

EiU-Las C'ALfacarl hiid DOtbio^ but ]rraifi« for 
I nbunlinate, aud Eyre waa for his mt- 
Tirx-^mnitinCn., appoinUxlan BidiMk-^'ttinp 
to "iiii pnituii(e«l eoloiiul on 'JH May 

if 'I rtly afterwards relumed loEnc- 

land. lui'i when an umy wu^ unlvred lu the 
Ea»t under Ijiin! !luf{1an in 1.'^rj4, Kyre wai 
iv>in(iiatiHl [Q roniTniuid iJie M-cond bngudv of 
lh»*^T*l flMi^iiin iind'T iiidold chivf CuthrJtrt, 
A' 'if thiit brigadi) he vrn^ piktM-nX 

at ' flhe Alma, and be waa honour- 

•ti I I i~'rhin t^rvic/» in commnrnl 

of ' liinii)f the battle of Inki-r- 

.MiMii.u;^ ' ijwcodcd lo the 

Buiand of ihi- ri, all bough h<a 

I not pruiuoicd in ij- r ,t uf ml until ly Drc. 
ISbi, in aucet^MiKU to (.'athLiirt. Ho n-uiiiinud 
ip .1... I v.. ,,, thnjufllioul Iho lerriWe n-iulcr 
of : l tl wna imnlTinn>c-u^i(iono( 

- that lykfil IUt;1nn jinvo him the 
uf ib<' fftTf^ \ihii^b was direrted 
u>'ii iK'' dii*.,ip.rl i-ixir rill Ifs.hinv 
nt jind if) 
- luke'e ' In- 
lun ' (vul. VIII. I Kyre wiu 
'I tb(ifat'0<Jiinii|j:lboo|M'M- 
■ \ tl) (h" Oimea uniil the 
lit, aiii] wii« for tiia Bcntcatf 




made aK.C.Il.on lUJuly 18&'Mtnd ii Inii^t 
of llu- I.iM;i<Jit of Honour and of the Medjidia 
in tile foltowini; year. In July IHTrfl he was 
amwinled 10 (Lu (.'oiuuitiud of thv forctta in 
CStuada, bul th# privntions of ihe <_^^meAU 
winter bad deetruyed hie bcalth, luid lii^ had 
to ppsiifn in Juni; 1 (<•'>!>. Hi^ nrltn-d to Jtitton 
Hall, near Rujrby, wheTc to (lied im 18 Sept. 
IbAM. A window ha^ be«n er<-ctvd to liia 
in«niiry in Billon Church. 

[Naml and Milliary RcnMvJH of Ituvtoinns ; 
itiirkBn Idn'led Ocntry ; KreonU of tliu 73nl 
ittid t3rd KetiiinfiUa ; CorrMp-iiidecttt of Sir 
tlwayd <.^th£»rt; ilra. Ward'e Firo Yoftrs id 
KalllrliiiKl fur Ihc Cmt Kaffir War; CnpL-'s Iliat. 
of th« Rifl« Brigade for Ihe necoml IvHilir Vf'nr 
and Ihc batilo of Serea ; NoUn's Kspcdiliuu lo 
the (La»C: KiciRlake'a iBTiuion of Iho CrimaA, 
etpeci.illy toI, Tiii.] J[. M. S. 

EYSTON, BKRNARD, B.D. (1028- 
170O>, FruuciMnn friar, mllpd in religion 
Uerojird k ."vincto Fmnciico, "was a yotinger 
s<in of "William Eyston, r«i., of EmI Hto- 
dn-d, ]tiirki«liire, by Mary, daofihtur of Jamea 
Tlinteher, esq., of I*rit'H« liawi*, in Ihp parish 
of Wotlhum, Sussex. Ho Ivcamv luctorof 
divinity at St, lIonavenluPe'sC^nTent, JJouay, 
wbem lie (Vivl on 28 May 1709. H« wtoio 
' The Cliriiftiati Duly i'(}]U|Nir0d, being Ui^ 
{•ouraes Upon tbt- Creed, Ten CotnuinndniL'ntf, 
and the JMicniimint",' Aiiv, ItWl, 4to. 

.Anothi^r I'mnriacnn named Kvjilnn, whoso 
christian name hus notb«en a»C9rt4kined,wa4 
the aut'ior of ' A Clf'nr I^okinif-ffUss for iJl 
Wamleriui,' Sinners,' ICoueu, Iwi, ^tno, d^ 
dilated to Lady Wdloiighby. 

[Olirer'a Catholic RvliiHon in ComTall, pp. 
US. 5i>l ; Oilloir'a BibL Diet. ii.^OS. VII7.I 

T. a 

EYSTON, CHARLES (1607-1721), an- 
lirjiiJirv, •■btiT^t Hon of fit'omi.' Kyston, e«q,,tif 
Ktt-ft H'^U(ln^l, liifrkflbir*-, by Ann, <ljiucutor 
of Robert Uarmer of Poterlcy, Ruckiu^bam- 
sbire, -Knt. bom in 1067. Ho hoeamc uistin- 
Kiiisbod ail an antiquary, and wiui a Kreat 
friend of Thomofi Kefimo, who in his 'Diary' 
«aya: ' Hi* was it lioinan catholii-k, uiul u 
i-huritable lo the ((oor, that lie b lamented 
by all that knew anyiliiiiK ot him. . . . litf 
wait a iniin of u kwi'*;! lei»|H^r and wait an fx- 
rellent scholar, but so mndecL that ho did 
not can* lo Iidvm it nt anr timr< mriiticiintl * 
(Pelii/tiiai II^antitjH/r, od. IH6II, ii. 1-1 IV He 
died on Not. 17:Jl,aodwaa buried in llun- 
dr«i Cbitrcli. 

Hti marri«rd in 1602 WiMfrid Dorolby, 
daughter of Uiuiil Fitihcrbert, ewj., of Swiu- 
uertoii. t^talTonlihirv, and of Nortmry, IVrhy- 
xhirv. Olid bod a uuiuerou,-< faoiily. On'-of 
bia Sana bMsma a jaauit, and sever&l of tn 



ilaught«n entered ibo kIi^ioiu stAtL>. His 
<lesc9Ddajit« un Ktill wnivxl at ICiui Ili-mlnHL 
Ho nu the Kiithnr of; 1. ' A little Monu- 
ment lo ttieoDce romouHAblwjraadBoroueb 
of GlMtonburjr, or a oboit kpeoimiMi of too 
History oflliat uai-ieut Atonastei]^ and Town, 
with a Deacn|itiou of the nmaining Ituins 
of Qlastonbun',' 1716, manuscript at llen- 
ilrei! House. \l was printed bv llearuc in 
lua ' IlJAlory and Ant iquiiicc of C^lutonbtirr,' 
172:!, and ajpun iii tlit- lii-v. Ktcbard Wai^ 
«er'« ' Uiatory of the Abliov of GU«ton and 
tbe Town ot Obutonbury," 1820. 2. ' A poor 
lilllu MimiiiDeut Lo all thi> old jiiouA Dis- 
aolred l-'oundatiotia of EugUnd ; or a abort 
History of AblwvM, all sort* of Mona*U?rie-s, 
Cflllegef), Cliapotin, Cliantrici, &c..' Manu- 
script prveenred at liendred. 

[ Kirk's Dtof . ColltvtioiM, maDDseript quotMl in 
Oitl<>w'sBibl.Uict.;>'<>)M''aR«Kirda,Tii.'J3R.28U; 
Barkr'a Landed Oci]1r]r*(18Se)k i.«01 : Iteliqiiiie 
Boam)AiUD(l86I)]. u. 106, IM. 13S, H». :i84, 
iii, 208-1 T- C. 

ETTHAN, Loan. [Seo Kiko, Jasbh, 
16*1' Ig:c'.J 

EYTON, JtOBEHT Wn.LL\.M (181B- 
1861), uutiquanr, boru at the vicarage, Wul- 
linglOD, ShroMuipe. ou L'l Dec. I8I6, was the 
lliinl son of tlic Ri'v. Juliii Eytoii, u codvt of 
tbe Kytontt of I'jytun. IJU raolber was na 
Iwress of tho Piowdens of Plowdon. Ho wns 
educated lintt iil Ilriilfpiortb, tbon at lEucby, 
undt'rDr. ^Vrnold, wbenre ho proceodrd to 
Chri»t CLunrh, Oxford ((Vlobor lt<i.',). wid 
thero graduated with hnnoars in IKSO (M.A. 
18*&J. After taking bis dogrw hv enlunnJ 
holy ordert, and in 1H41 wag preaentcd In 
the iwAoty of Ryton in Shropshiru. During 
hia rasid«ttc« here for twt!i)ty-two vt-an Iim 
plansod and wrot* bis mni- wort, 'The 
Antiquities of Sliroptthire, which was com- 
ptelea in 1841 and published in furty-i-ight 
pKrta. sudiiiiu iwt^vv octsvo voluiu«s. 'lie 
•tan^ alone, Bay* Mr. Cli«.ter Waters, 'in 
thn Litt'rar}' world as a county luHtonau.' 
His kiiowlitdfp! of iW tiN<:aI iind judicial 
a^Atemfi under tlie Anglo-Normnn kings, and 
his familiarity with pL-r^ons and uvimta dur- 
ing two c4Mituriu aftfir the Nurmaa oonquest, 
wt're very remarkable. Ilia researohea were 
mainlv confined to this Dcnod,and the paro- 
chiai Listory of .Sbropshire i^ eeldom brought 
down in hii> work to a later time than the 
roign of Gdward I. Genealogy was one of 
hia stmng pointu, itnd hiH mumoin of tbn 
familiea of Ld fitmngc, Mortimer, and T>o 
hncy, in which nothing in admiltnl without 
strict proof, plared him at tl^ head of cttn- 
tamporary gcae^logists. EylonV stvie was 
dry, but always clear and precise tn IStfS 



he resigned the living of liytoa and remoTwl 1 
to tho aoulli of EiigUiuJ. lie soh) hia li*l 
bnry, but soon nsaniMl ht> studies, verib-^ 
ing and oorroctiag doubtful pasaage* in tlM- 
' Antiquittea,' applying spMial knowlnlga to 
iImj »ubi«ct of Knglinh huttoiy during thn 
eTenl-ful reign of llnnry IT. In 1^76 be 
published 'TheCourt, Household, and Itinv 
rary of Henre 1 1 .' 'ilie writer haa collected 
and amngeJ in order of date erery record 
of this reign within hts knowhudgw, whHh»r 
printed or in manoMript, am) han apptfudt-d 
to every charier tbe names of attestaif; wit- 
ncsMS, so Hist the itinerary of the king tn- 
cludca the public liff and care«r of every 
member of his household, court, and govern- 
mvnt, wit h details of evurj transaction, Irg&l 
and political, i>( which any record has be«a 
prueerved. Eytou*B later years were spool 
in publiihintt thu rifwiilte of Iuh atudit-* of 
I>omi^Julay Itook. In IA77 app^red 'A Kay 
to Lkitoesilay : an Atudyns and Digest of i bo 
Surrey of the Connty of Doreet, <lto. In 
this book he act ionh his belief that th« 
domecday bide of land was a t«rm denoting 
fiscal raluo, not supurficial (quantity. I'he 
Doraet volume was followed in IH>M by 
similar digest of thu * Survey of Sutncrsvt,* 
in twu volunim am. 4toi in IA81 the 
method waa applinl to the 'Surrty of Slaf- 
fordnhirt^,' in another Tolnmv. To thd I 
IsAt-naroed worbn waa given lh« commm 
title of DomeedaySiudi«.' Tbe four volnin 
tofrrther iindoubtofjly fonua most impnnan 
coulribution todome»day literature. 

ICytou's lost prinu-d work was a series of 
notijjton StaHurushtm rooDnU,with apvcial ro- 
fcrence to the baronieB which are enunieralvd 
in thu ' Libur Niger' This [Mivr was wrilti 
in co-ofieratiou with Colonel Wtotlcob/j, ud 
was printed 1^ the Salt Society (i. 14o|, i 
whicn Kylou tookagnml Imen-bt. Allhou^! 
siifreringfroniarao«>l poinfuIcomplaiu[,hedii 
not t«lax from hia faTourite studies till &' 
woeks bcfon* his d««th. The roliinhl* co 
tion of his manuscript remains, QUiae 
liny volumes, written in a minute hnna, wi>rp 
purohased by the trusteoa of thi? British Mii- 
Ileum in li^'J. They include, amoiid other 
valuable researches, a digest and aniuy»s of 
the ' Domesdajr of Lincolnshire,' In five tjuart 
Tolumes, with a hutory of each fiof and i 
Buccesaivu ownurs, so liir as llicy uan 
galhenHl fp>m tliu putdic records. In hia 
manusrripr vid. vi. the author esamines all 
the undatfvl charters of lliv Aajjlo-No 
kings which hn\'n bwn printed in the ' M 
nastioDQ ' and the 'Cbmuiele of Abingdo 
and aatigns to eech charter it* true (!at_^ 
Among uts manuscriptB ar> ftmr folios, in 
which X>ugdiklu*s version of the b*rouat{e ta 



in&I^H 



■t<^J 

m 





Lyton 



107 



:zekiel 



I 



copied on onu miIp in litbuUr fnnu, while 
tbeupp03iteiafii]lc»fcmTt><!i.iQnB, proofs, and 
iUusiratioiu. Hediedat Winclin^ld Houw, 
near Ita8iD^t(i)u>, HftinpHliire, on 8 Sept. 
It^l. Ue muried id l^»>[nry EliMlwtL, 
eldest daughter of Jkiae* ^Vlttt8, vteor of 
hodhury, by whom hu bad a famUy. 

[Acwiwar, 18SI. pp, 293-4 (by K. CtwtCT 
W«tan): Sill Soooty. vol*, i. U.; Shrapthin 
ArA. 80c ToL X I R. H. 

EYTOM or EDON, STEPHEN (jt 
131.1J !'), c)m>ni€lt!r, n-iH B canon uf th« Augu^ 
tiiiiitn prion* of \V8rter, now Pocklingtoii 
ill ihe liast lli.lin^ i.f Yorkshire, mad poe*- 
<iltly took hU luimc (ram the nciehbourintr 
TtUagv 'if Etwu. Hi- wrole » work enlitli-d 
•Acta lidwarili II,' of which tho opening' 
worda wuiv ' I'uul luurtutn loii luunuo d&- 
flrndnin,' iiiid of which l.elftiii) found & copy 
tti t\\n lilinuT of I'oiuiUiiis Aliljuy (Collnt. 
iii. •lo). It hk» not' »ini'r Ixrt'ii identitidd 
(HahPT, li^eriptive Cat. iii. SOl!i). 

[Ldutd't- Comm. de Scripit. UrlU cccxH. 38-4 
et Ma. : Ba]«, ^eriptt. Brit. Cai. t. 9. p. 390.] 

K. L. P. 

ETT0N,TU0MASfAMPBELL(19(»- 
lAW),nKliirali!<t,tn't.-tity-lhinl huir io direct 
SOaIo dowoat of the wfll-knowu Khropshira 
&]iulT,ws8hon]atETtoulOSc)pt.iew. Hix 
ftthtn- wiiB Thonrne Lytun, •••q. (1777-lft'>5), 
neordn nf W'^nlock, and high Bberitr of 
SLrmiUiiv in ItfiO. ilii> mother ww ^inry, 
4ugul«r of Itfojor-ffownl Ponitlil Cnmp- 
twO. H«iookupilii>«iudy ofnatunil history 
si ui early u^*, and becanie the friend nod 
auntrponacnt of Chariot Harwln, ^Vgusu. 
Aai Gray, Wallacv.ProfvworUwt^n, ana other 
iiaiuralifita. About IMS he iii«itut«l and 
«onduciod tho ' Jltrd IJtJok oCIlun-furdCm- 
tl«,' and <-nutiiiii(-d i\n puhlioaitiun ti> l(^K), 
whfn Mr. T. I>uckhambucsuicit6i'ditur, In 
hi* owti Tai'ht and nt hix own p-iprnM, he 
eonduct/Hl an irjt< i for the ^vltii- 

mnnt into the o^ >■% of the Itritidi 

I' ' r«nili-= • I "im .■! he puhliitltcd iu 

of (h« (HstiT iinJ the Oyat«r 
I 1 iSJH, illuBtTAted fcv finely drarm 

Lk'i '. 1'' fnjiD hia own dii>n.-cti'Jiis. In 
K'vU; h. ^.olilinKid his ' II:storT of the Rarer 
British BinU," witli wooJcuU which ha wbocn 
oompanol with llewirkV fi>r tiili^lity. Tbeae 
•mtn tbe irork nf a local i-n^ravfir on wood, 
nanml Marlia. In rhe eainu Tear ■ppoarud 
bin 'C'aUln d» liinfVnml in 1»3M 

bit alaborat" , ;i!i ..if iht> Anatidic, or 

XhiekTrifae.' On. uoaseasionoflhe 

Cainny '.-'Taf in I - ntiailt a ipocioua 

It rt Inch hft formed one 

I. i>f ddasand&kuloioiid 




of hinl,.( in Kiiropr. llir«kHl>;(oiiiiWL'r<?muetl7'4 

iirt'panN} and mniinted by hia own bunds. 
:*yton wia a Inen vpoiUman, and bunted ths 
8hn>pshirebouadarorMTeralsea«ons, AlthJA 
life he was an active tuagiatrnte, and in 1B&& 
WAA tho pioneer of the volunteer moTement 
in Shroii«>hir(.>, in the yeomanry ca\-alry of 
which county be had previously held a com- 
mi^^ion. In addition 10 thcworlia mentioned 
Kyton publii!Li.-d, throu^li Itlr. HoUion uf 
Vfellinglon, between 1871 and 1878: 'av 
twologia Avium,' a voluiniuou^ work on the 
akeletonii of hinU, illiuitnttisi fmni the *PM'-i- 
mnoB in bis own tnuHeuuif ' Eytoa's Cata- 
loguit of ypTCies of Rirdii in his pomewion ' 
(l^ndnn, llV»8), 'A Syaopws of the Diwk 
Tribe ' ( WellinuioD, lh«9>, ' Fishine Litetm- 
tur«!,' 'Fox-hunting Litvratura,' 'ObeervB- 
tion-t on Oionc,' ' Notts on i^nt,* and cata- 
logues of the drawing ongraii'ings, and 1 
portraita at Eytun, and of thv skulutoua of 
birdti in ht«i niiueuui. (lis Icat publieatioa 
wa« a aupplumvut to bis iiuc work ' Oeteo- 
logia Avium,' iu 1878. Hk look wtpocial 
pleasure to help fellow-ftudent^ in ttAiuml 
SCiriiw. Though B finn iippcinvnt of tbs 
Darwinian theory, hufni^ndithip with it.i aii- 
tborcontiaiied to bis death; but hewas much 
cba^nc-d at findine «omi! of hiit own oWr> 
ratLona on the batiils of pigeons used b^ 
Darwin in support of tbe InpotJieais of na- 
turulHidi-ctioo. Eyloudii.<dSCOoC.1880. He 
man-ieil, \'A May 13^, Klisabetb IVancea, 
dnugbtiir uud coheirvM of Robert Aglionb^ 
SlaiH'y, liiiig M.I*, fur yhmwaburv, hy wlioin 
he had fu>veu children. A dait^bter, Miss 
Chariot to E>-ton, is thoautbor of Beventl works , 
on ftcientifir suhjftctH, anch a« 'The Rocks irf ' 
tbe Wrekin/ and ' By Fell and Flood.' 

(Art. by pnwnt writer in Sbrapnh in Standard 
forOctoWr 1880 ; private infiirmatitm.] R. A 

EZEKTELs vVBRAUAM EZEKIEL 

( i7rir-!M)(l), i-nfjmver, wiw bom nt ExedT 
in 17rt7. Ho engraved portrnit.^ by Opio, 
Sir Joxbiia Hoynold*, and others, and woi 
ah)o wriil known lu* a miniature-painter and 
a scientific optician. He died in 1806. A 
tniniaturc portrait of liim was exhibited aG 
tbe Anfflo-Jvwish Hi>torical Exhibition h«ld 
in London in 1887. 

[Jamba oad Wolf's BibL AnRlo-Jodaica, No. 
070; Catalofiaoof tho Aiutk>^«wish l^hibitioa, 
p. M.J T. C. 

EZEKIEL, SOLOMON (i;pl-lt*67). 
Jewieb wTiler, son of Abraham I'^eki^ ' 
Kxekiel fq. v.], wa» boni at Nowton Abbot, 
Devoiubue, oil 7 Junu 1781, and «ittl«d at 
IVninnce as a plumber. In Jauuitry ISl^O 
hu publuibiMl a, luttor to Sir Rhh! Price, bort.. 



Pabell 



loS 



Faber 



cli&irniiiii of u brnncli of ibe BoctPty for Pro- 
ni<7liiig ('lirintiiittity nmmii^ the J«ws, wlio 
had askti for k confpivncp with ibii larp) 
nndwvftlthyJIi.-brpn cununiinityiit I*ft>xsn(>-. 
In flofiiiMjTM'nffl f>f ICxckid'n l.^ltcr .Sir Rose 
Prire made further reseorchee, and came to 
thcconcluiijon that iho Jl-w» wcr» not y.'t 
vreyved to adopt the christian &itb. Ki^ 
Vief, vrhn wna a rif(id obwni^r of the ritr« 
and c«mtnonie« of ibs JewUh religion, diol 
Bt Pfliutaitce on U March l--<tI7. 

Bo trrotfl: 1. A traiulntion from the Hp* 
brcwof ■patnphk-i hyiiic liw.Uart t^jtincRie, 
conUiniiig cen.Hur^rs of the authorised Yerawin 



of ihf holy ftrripmnw. A reply to lhi#, by] 
Jobii Kiif^ra, canui) of Kxnti^r, wa> |ml(li»hcl ' 
in 182i?. 3. -The Ufp of Abraham' and 
' Tlir Lif« of Iwiac; IVmanrc, 18W &, V2mn, 
he'iTiK a 6prit>« of Wturea on the lives of tha 
pntriarvha, delivered before the Pecunnro 
lli-brv'w Hocirty for Promotinjr the |liH\i«ioo 
of lt>3li;;iuu? Kuowlcdjjie. S. 'Loctunon tbo 
lli-bn-w Fdslivols,' Penttncp. 1847, Tinid, 
deliverwl ni. the Peomnce Liirraty Iniititai^. 
[JcTOhChn.niclr,?2M*itfh Ift07,p.S; Bo»»-5 
BM CoitflBwy'« Ilibl.CWuulioiisin.i'p. U5. 1178; 
Cat. of Priuud Ba<^ in Brit. 31a*.; Jamie a**! 
Wolf'4 Bihl. AnjtloJndaicii, No. 071.] T.C. 



F 



FABELIi, PKTER ( rf. 15tli wut.), was 
n nalivt* ol' Eiiinontoii. wh^w \u< wiw known 
as a mflfpciaiL and dobtil<T in alrhemy. His 
nnme appvor^ n* that of the * Merry Devil,' 
(h« I'hiff charuclcr in the play of the ' Mti-ry 
Devil of E(lmonton,'«nw Btiribulitd loyhake- 
n>aanu In thn prolof^ut! lo tlie play it i»pfi> 
Cluned that the ' merry devil,* Pctvr FaWU, 
wa« ' a rvnuwnpd Mcbolar,' and it ia added — 

If aar hi.19 maku iloubt of Hach a name, 
In Ki'lntDni.M) yot tnah unto this day, 
Ftseil in the «nll i>f tlmt old auciunt cliurch, 
Hh uuDumcul Ti>t>:aiooth \o bp aeon. 

Th(-rt' 18 DO pnvis*' cvidvnct) iilrtainablft an li> 
the e jisi^nci' of siirh a mt^Tnonal, Imi it ?«!mn 
undoubted that Fiilwl) hud an hietarical «x- 
i»lcncv. Wm-vrr in hi* ' Fiiiii'mll Mimumi'tili' ' 
(16'il)i<ayR under' t'dniundl^n:' 'Htirelielb 
interred under a H^tnelie tomb without in- 
Mription the body of PvtJT FalK-ll (a* the re- 
jiorL goes), upon n'bomtliiH fnble was fathered, 
that be hv bia wittic dovicra bcf^iilcd the 
dcvill; ixOikc hi was some iiiK«niou8 con- 
ceited ifentlemsn, who did use aome alifibtif^ 
tricks ^r hia uwn disporte. He lived and diud 
in tbw raijrni.^ of ili-tiry VH, Mtilh llii* l)tioke 
of hr.i nn^rrj' pmnks.' Norden, in hUanroutit 
of Edmonton, sayo : 'TlHTe is ■ fable of oni^ 
Pct*r Fftb<^II. tli*it Ilea in ibis rburrb, who is 
said to have begiiiltxl the devill by pobnie 
for money, hut the dcvill i« doc^-it it*clf.' 
Thi; plav of thi) 'Mi-rrv Ui'vil" w-enl ibrouuh 
tivo I'diiioHs, dat*d 1606, 1«17, lOJU, 11131, 
uud IWt't. It vrUH L-nlcrod on iht: i:>tatiuiujri>' 
Kepsters y^'lVt. Hi(l7, Itwn Jonwm nolict-s 
itc popularity in his nm1n^« lo ■ Tbu Devil in 
an A]tii'(nctiBl in lolA). ,K ximilar nifi^n'iiae 
made in the ' Blacke llonk,\'a traci hy Tbomai> 
Middlvtoo, the draraatiat, Usoed ta 1004, 



«liciwitihat lh>' play bnilbet-ti pnxlunMl bofut« 
that dale. Thoma.* Ilrtwer (^/f. IUI'4) [q. r.] 
wa» author of a pamphlet dealintr with the 
ntorv of l''abell and uthnra an Ininlt^l in thu 

flay; ihiB iraM waa entered on thoStalionera' 
(•■Liiftters in IBOS, nllbouj^h nol piiblieh^'d till 
I6;tl. Faller,who make^i tlwi inevirahb-juin 
upon the name, says: 'I shall probably oflt-uit 
the ^rruvity of some to inikrt, and rtrtainly 
curtositv of others tootnit him. Somo mul(4 
him a frvf-r, others a lav ffvutlvmAn, all « 
oonceircil person, who witii hn m'iny di'vieca 
deceived the devil, who by ^lace mav Im> rv 
wati-d, not dL-o-'ivtid by wit.' In llrower'sl 
pamphlet we are told tliat Fat)vil was iif i;ix>d [ 
dei^renl, and that he wax 'a mnu either fori 
hi* (jiflj" cxl'-rnall or iiitt^rnall inferior to few.* 1 
It *]>eaks of bin U-aming, afTnhi lily, mod lib»> 
rality to tha poor and needy. 

[The Marrj- Dorit of EdmoBton (HOB) j 
ltn?«or"» Lifi) ami Ihntb of the Merry IJeril uf 
Ivdwonlon'.lftlll ); Roliinwio'i' Hi«lorrol'Kilmoit-i 
ton. 1819; Fuller's Worlhic*; Wi*vi'r'B Kaaoratll 
MonnmvDtH: Thornlmrr'a Old awl New Lrarintb i 
&r.] J. B-v. 

FABER, ritnnKRIOK WILLIAM. 
D.n, (l>l-l-l>«j:{), Hunerior of the London 
Oratory, the wvenihcnlldof Thomiw Hcnrj 
FiiUrr, bv Keity, daughter of Thouiait AlkiO' 
son of Ilmdford, Yorkshiry. wafl bom o 
;?8 June 11^14 at llw vicnniat* of Calvi3rl>;j _ 
in tlie West Riding of VorStshiiv, of wbielij 

Piriah his f^nd father, the lie v. Tlinmaa 
nbcr, wa* tbn incumbent. In tbii IW 
ber after hia birth bia father, on being 
pointed secretary to Dr Bin-Inin.i-, 
of Ihirhan, removed vii I 
Auckland. Be was at i „ 
of Rinhop Auckland and »lt«-rward« undr^ 
tbo ICev. John Qibaoa %t Kirkby i>t«ybeD 



^ 

w 



WesimorGlAiKL tn 1>t2.'> lit* pusiK^l a. cbort 
tiinc hi Sbrfwiibiinr' f^hixil, and in 1827 he 
BfDCc«decl to Hwrow, tlieo iiadvr Dr. I*ong- 
ler, aftinvftnln urolihishopof C'nnWrbtiry, tn 
ni ' ,LiowIudgc<ideeptiblig»lions, His 

HI :ilHt.".l,andb»lA()i<TiiiI8:{:i. 1Ia 

wiu^ uiu:ii>:ulAl4ril at Ilnlliol CoUt^ge, (XxfoiU, 
Q Julv IHU:^. Slid weut iut'O residi'uco in tho 
Lt-ntUTtn lis33. liiiliefinLyfir of lu« im- 
dvrimdualv lifubecoiniKWed one of hit most 

fr.; ; i if^I pip«i«,'TheCherweIl Wfttcr- 

il; dm I&IO. Towurds tliv ead 

nl i.^.i m AA» 4*!eclMl A ncbolar nf I'luvfr- 
sit; CoUece. lie froquoutly juinud id iIil- 
diactiirainiii' nt th<- I'nioii fk-batirig Socinly, 
anil fniini'4 poiiu> difiiinction aa a spcakor 
evi'U amonj: »-u<^h rivnl* nx liinindpll Pnlnwr, 
Lo«re, Caniwcll, W. (>. Wnnl. and Tfiit. He 
oIm ■■•ok flit active »liare in etiablishini; ihe 
•Oifnrd Inivcn'ily Mft^azmi-.' In li^ he 
eufied oD' tlic Ni-wditfatc price with ku Eng- 
tub poem, 'The Gniffhu of St. John.' Ue 
gradutlcd lt.A. thv miul- y««r, taking a fe- 
eoad olwA in cUMica. At the cloAfi of tba 

Ku* )io aceonpanii-d liis brothur, tho Rev. 
SOCn Atkinwn KnbiT, to Oi>ruiiuiy, and 
■hortlT ttUft tu« return in January 1837 hp 
wm» elected to « fvlluwubip al tJnivi!r»ity 
Collier, He aUo gained ihr? Johnson divi- 
nity icholanbip. «heii tlio loop vacatirjD 
arnvif) bu Uf»t * small ri^ndinfr parly to 
Ajnbh-Hide, wttero be Fonued a lasting fiieud- 
abip witli Wonl>wonh. 

early lifo Kabcr shared tUe CaUintitic 
4in<^ nf bi» family, wbo were of Iluf^it- 
origin : but at UxfortI hu bvcami.' an i-ti- 
tliauai>tic admin^r of the Itev. Jolin Henry 
(DOW Cardinal i Xewman and a waloua pro- 
in<jtt-r 'if ihu muvumont elarU'd io 1833. Hv 
ot^rwl lii» (MTvins* to tht; ooiniiilera of ' The 
Library 'iflbo Fsthera,' and tlo tramilBlifn 
pf 'hf «r-rnn l«»nk»iir St. Optatiin, tin llii- IVi- 
I. : -m, waa aa&igned to luni. This 

tt !.t bim tfaefrimdabiporNeM-iuan, 

bj wtiom hii wft« larptly influencod in aflor 
Vwa. On tt Aug. IS^? ho wba ordained 
^t' ::ip>in Cathedral by his old nin«1<?r. 

1 y. ond at uncv bi'^a to niuiisl the 

cir.-.'iir.nii o( AmblMidi- tn his parocliial 
work. SomL- Iruvlf 1^'biI:li L'.- publii>b(.-d at 
thia pi-riiid ribi-tin>\l nil exlenflivi- circula- 
liim. In IS'iH be rt-wivw] urii'sl'a onlera 
troto Tti"li •■ lii'.tit at Oxfonl, and in th« 
Miui! I iimenr^d M..\. Daring lb/* 

fomni'- Im> paid a nlmrt visit to 

Ih'l^iam and i(«- lUnni;-!! prorinc<«, from 
whii^h bu R-tumM) v. |'V. u Btronjir foeliiis of 
iluliki* lu the V |>rB(-tici'« Irfi bad 

wt'fi>"»H la I [Hiii a tutonbip 

...' (if Mr. Monhew llarHiion at 
, Tbe (jnntiiriMLrt of It^tl btf spent 





in makinz an oxlMiuiivd tour on llie conti- 
nent witn his pupil. He kept & mintiro 
Journal of bis tnivvlf, which fimned the 
UAi.t of a work ontitlMl ' Siehtd and Tboii){htA 
in PoreigD Churchee and Bniong Foreigu 
IVfipliM* (li^-)i dfdt(-at<'d Jo Wnrrlswortli, 
' in adticiionatt! remembrance of much por- 
aonal kiiidiie»s, and many thoiif^htfulconver- 
eations ou tht> rites, prerogatives, and doo 
triuea of the holy church.' I'aber rtmiaiutd 
nt Ambleside dtirinf^ tbe^ f^atcir part of 
l$4i, and in tbu autumn of lliiit y<^'ar be a&- 
t-i-pted the rectory of KIlou, Iiuntiiif;;ilnn« 
fiUirc, n living in thu gift of bis college. Ha 
cnmmnniciiti^ th»u«^wi> tu WonlR worth, who 
replied : ' I do not eay you art> wrong, hut 
Kngland loww a piwl.' AH-t • reading him- 
9Plf in ' «l Klton, on '2 April IW3, he visited 
the continent with the expreaa object of 
examining and tC!*ting lh« pmcticnt results 
' of Catholicism. l>r. (anerwardit Cardinal) 
I Wiaetnan introducod bim to several pminenl 
I ecclv»tB8l iuB iu Kome. .\fter h>« rcliirn tu 
Knjfland in Octolier 1S4.'I he still clung to. 
Anglicanism, but introduced into his pariah' 
full chonil oervii'tr^aiut eiii'.itunwnl aiincular 
ronfesflion and devotions to ihn i^crod Heart. 
X ' Lif» of 3t- Wilfrid,' wliieh h>* iiubli*li'_'d 
in Iftl-l.waB violentlv attacked on the gt'iund 
of its ttoman catholic tendencies. At last, 
on 10 Nov, 1846, he formallv abjiirt-d prct*»- , 
tantism, and was received into lbi> Komail 
church at Nortbamjiton by lti<hop Waroing, 
vicar-aix}3tolicoflhi^i:ui>tem district. Several 
of hia ^ariabionera and friendi, including J. T. 
Kaox, scholar uf Trinity College, Cunbridgt}, 
were received at tlie Ksuie time. Tbe'irlia 
formed into a community at Tlirmincbnin 
under the tillu of llrolbL-ra of the Will of 
nod.llioNgh they were coiumonlv wiUvd WLl- 
fridians. f'aber,whoaa'Brolher%Vilfrid'waa 
conslitiilwl >iu|>eriiir of thi- fralHrnity, went 
to Rome to promote its interoat«, and wu 
most favooTBoly received by Qn^ory XVI. 
In September 1 ftlfi the comtnunity was trans- 
ferred, through the munifiet-nce of (he Karl 
of ShrewshurT,toCotlonIT*Il, thenceforward 
calk-d tit. Wilfrid's, near Chcadic, Sttlfurd- 
sibire. After being onlained priest on li .\pril 
lftl7, Kabcr was eutrunted with the cfaiuige uCj 
thii mimiion of Cotton. 

In February* 1S48 he and h\a comjuaiom 
ioinfd the orat^iry of Rt. Philio Nen, which 
liad jn.1t, tM>en introduced into England, and 
of which Father Newman was the «iiperior. 
This stop, of wiur*e. invulvM the bn-aking 
up of the inatituie founded by Falwr, who 
oul'i Fell, twgnn his no vitiate as an Omtorinn 
at .MRrvvalc, 'jr Old Oscoit. Five months 
later bin nuviliatd was terminated by di«- 
pensation, and ho was appointed maUer of 



novices. In October 1848 tlie cpntmimily. 
QiLtDlwritijr more thnn fnTty memhtTA. wna 
InuoAftmM from ilaryvslo to St. WiU'rid's. 
Faberanil l''fttbi>r IIiitctiLMn MUbliilu><l iu 
April 1849 a bmncli of tbe Onto^ in King 
A\ilU)UD HtrvL-t, Strand, LondiDn. From this 
period until Lis di-stli r aber remaiiii'd at the 
bend wf tlw London (Irator^-, Tbe tomaiu- 
nitT Iran in 1850 iirected latA a suparute and 
indc-potidvut coDSTttgalion, and in IS^ iu 
BM^mbpnt n-njoTcd to more commo)lious pt>?- 
miecs at Brompton. In 1&51 Fnlwr wuui 
abroad 'with Oir inlctitiun of AiKititii; Palrit- 
tine, but liU health broke down at Malln, 
and be was obligKl to return lioiii« throncb 
Itttlv- On 9 July l^W he wiw crwired ]>.». 
bv f opo Piiw IX. lie died at the Oratory, 
lirompton, on '26 Sept. 1863, and wari buriod 
at Si. Mary's, Sydenham. 

Ky Ilia unceaainp labours in connection 
wilfi the London On»l'.>ry, bv hi* |>LTSuaairo 
eloqiu-ncrin tb*^ [mlpit,aftd by bis DDmcroua 
publicaliGn&, Faber reod«red aifrnal eorrico 
to tbe Roman cat bvlic cuiioe in Kngland. }itf 
introdofA'il Ttalian forms of prayer nndpiou.t 
pmclicet>, some of which were at first di*- 
taatefultoEnplisbt'fLtholicdof ibr oldfwhfxil. 
ftnd bo MKUtaiilly inculcated duvotion lo thu 
pope aa an iwit-niial piirt of (hri»tiaii piety- 
Th« light and charming ^l^Ic vi bi» i-piritiial 
trutiMA. which unite myalicaldcvolioD wilh 
|HK)fbnnd tbeolo^col liumiii^, obtained for 
themmw cl fordmaiypopulafitT. ilinlonger 
poeticalwo^poaeaseoDaidcnnU' merit. and 
the use of his beautiful hymna in almost uui- 
vertal in calhol ic chnrcbes wbererer the Hng- 
lisii Inniiuacv is ismiki-n. Stimiiof I beta, as 
* The I'ilpri'm* of t^n^ Night ' anri ' Thfi Land 
beyond Ibii Sea,' are widely cimulat«-d ob 
Btcr^d #0112"' Muiv ari' to be found in pro- 
KuWnt colTcctions. Yhccolleotiou ol ' HTmns 
Ancient and Modern ' containB Beveruf, arid 
iho • HvmniU Noted' twenty-four. Fobor'a 
bioKrap'her obevrvoc that ' words cannot n>- 
prodtic« tiiu grocioua presence, the miioictil 
Toi&e, tbe i-aplivatinfr tmilo,' or eatifcly thow; 
whooe ' banpttwt houra were bleiued bv t.bo 
viBdom.hmiaMHjandloveuf FredericI[*WiI- 
liom Faber.' 

Htfl portrait, engraved by Joseph Brown, 
in prefiiwl 10 his • Life.' 

Ilin principiil work* an: L 'Tlic Kniiilit^ 
ofSt.John'lI^ewdiKal^priwpoemforlWti). 
2. 'Tract* on tbe Church and the Piayer- 
Booli,' 1M9; and Pwica, 18J0. 3. 'the 
Cherwell Wn(«i>«lily and other I'ofm'i.' Lon- 
don. IMO, fivfl. 4- * The Stvrian Lak.-. nnd 
other Poems,' Lnndon. l^JiJ, hvo. '>. ' Higlits 
and Thnni^il.sinFnrt'ijm Churches and amnna 
KoreiffnJ'eCFples; London, IJM^'.Bvo. 0. '.Sir 
Lancelot ; A Legend of the Middle Agc4,' a 



pov<in,Lo(id(,m, 18lt, lW",^vo. 7. Translation | 
of the Acv^m bookfl of St. OpiAtud, bisliop ut 
MilG%'is, on the schism of the Donstift«. Inj 
tlie'Iiihrary of the Fathers." K. Lives otj 
St. Wilfriii, St. Pauiinui, St. Edwin, Sul 
Oswald, and olhera, in the aerie« of Kn^Iislij 
SoiBta ' published by Too vey.I<ondon, 1 f^.'{-4. | 
9. ' ITie Ko«ary and ol her Poem*,' Ijocdon, | 
IMS.Bvo. 10. 'Livesof the Canoniwil Saint* 
and Sen-ants of God,' oditwl hy Faher, and 
coniinuiMlby tbe congrei|;ation of thr> Oratory 
of Si. Philip NHri,42 toU, I^ndon, 1817 o«. 
11. 'An Etuiav on Bcntitication, Cknoni^a- 
tion, and th« rrooe«e«f> of the Confrrogation 
of Riles,' London, 1848, 8vo. 12. • Hymns.' 
London, 1M8, ISmo. Another edition, with 
many additions, i-ntilted ' Jesus and Mary, 
or Catholic Hymns for singing and nMdinr, J 
1849; 3nd edition, I8Q:f. A cmnplate edi-^ 
tion of tbe ' Hymns,' inO in numbn-, ap- 
peared in 1833. 13. * Essay on the Interest 
iindt'ban«-t»;mttrMrtf(hi-l.ivi>«ofth«SaintJt.*; 
U. 'TheSmritandQeniusofSt. Philip Xoii/1 
London, 1H*')0, 8to. 10, 'All for Jeaua: opj 
tho Fa!»y SVarfi of l>i¥inf Lotb,* London,! 
18M, !iTo; 5tfi edition. 18&Q. It luu been 
tranclated into French. Cierman, Polish, I 
Italian, and Flemish. 16. ' Growth in Hali- 1 
new; or tbe Progress of lb« H[>intna1 Life,* 
Lijndon, 18.M,8vo, 17. 'The Bleas.^ .Sacni> 
iiiniit; or tbi* Works and Wars of Liod,' 
London, IJ^, &V0. 18. 'The Cn-ator and 
tbe tVaturr.' ; or the Wonders of Uivinv 
Trfive,' Ijondon, ISJWt, 8to. 19. 'The Foot] 
of the Cross ; or the Sorrows of Mary,' Lon-1 
don. 1858, 8to. 20. ' Spiritual Confer* nc»»»,*] 
J,,ondon, 1^59, 8vt>. 21. ' Leciuros on tWJ 
Old Teatamunt History,' jireadicd in ISartj 
and publijih«!d aftt'r lii« death. 33. ' DrTrvj 
lion to the P.;.pc,' I^ndvm, IWJO, IJno. : 
'2H. ' The Precious Ti\octA ; ot the Price ofj 
ourSuIvttiiuu,'Loiidoti,13U0,t!(vD. 24. 'Betl 
lehem,' IfOndoii, 1800, 8 vo. 3ft, ' Xwtea on I 
l>uctrinal and Spirituul Subj«cta. KditndJ 
by the ttfv. .luhn Edward Bowdeo,' 3 vobLnJ 
T.ondon, l&fl'i. 

He a!<jo traTtnlnted 'The School of St.| 
Philip NVri ' (]i^.'>rt"i. from tbeltnliau of l>ij 
pino; 'TheSpiriiunll'octrineof r«tberLoui«j 
t^llcmant' (IHo.jI, from the Frr^ncb: 'Th" 
Octave of T'^rpus Chrisii,' from the Frvncli 
of Xouet ; and ' A Troatiwi on rlw Trm- I><" 
volion to tho ItliBwd Virpn' (ISBj, from 
till- French of tiMi Van. C M. Orignon de 
Montfort. 

[Lifonnd Lrtwrs. wlited by Fiith>TJ.E. ftjw-j 
den, Londiiit. 18SD, Brn, nnw f]'' . ISf^h : Uri^f^ 
Skotoliof Iii» l-Inrly Lift-, by liis 1 ; Ik*v.| 

Vr.ixKi' Atkinwo F4l>a', rwlor ■ i now, 

London. 1B09, 8ro; 8atar(liiv Ruviru-, iU On. 
16il3i Arbrii>aiD,30ct.]8«3'.pL4:iil; S.itoamlj 



Qu< r.t.MA; yufller** Alumni OiOD, 

il. • ■ ■« • Bibl. Diirl. ; i>ullm K«ii«w, 

aiptiiuUf IM9. p. 1&3. Much lS.'i4. p. I9t. 
Sniteinbrr l$&7. p. !:3&. Jknoftry IS64. p. 169. 
iDljt IM!). |>. too, Juiuarr isfo, p. 95, ilIh> 
tww wr. uii 104. xiv. VA.xviii. 320; SiKUuiti^*)' 
MlMcllaiii'^. 1AT7. i- 111; Blorkw.xMt'o Mag. 
en. 813; Moncti. xl IS* ; Calliolic WorM. So- 
tvbW IRAO. p, 154 : Tviujile Bur, xivii. ISI ; 
Korth Briliuli Jtftview, i. 1*6; itiforttialknt from 
EcKiDakl S. F»l«r. wq.. it.A.l T. C. 

FABER, GEORGE STANLEY (1775- 
18M).eoi)truver¥ialut,i<liie*l 9011 of tliu Hcv. 
Tbmou Fabcr.Ticiir of I'slvctkv, Yorkshire, 
by Aunt'. duuicbtLT'jf lli<.' Her. David TrnviM^, 
was hnrn at Calv.^rliry Mrminap- i>n tl'i IW. 
1773, and wlucnteJ at itippf rlinlme prainmnr 
•cImoI, tiCJtr llnlifAi:, whiTi'lit- rt'maini^ rnitil 
h« went ta Oxford. I)n 10 Jiin» 1789 lie 
autririilnt*^ from L'nivernity ("'■ille^, beiti^ 
thm onlr in hU E>iiUvrnth y'mr ; h*' wm HcctM 
■ kIioIat on 25 March foUowiii^, uiid took 
KLi Tl.A. d<-ette- wliDD in )us twcutictb 7(^ar. 
(.hi 3 July 1703 he was elwtvd ii fi-lluw and 
tiiUirof llincoInOoUe^. lU proteedrd M.A. 
1786 and B.l*. 1803. wired lh« oflico of proc- 
tor in 1801, and in ibi* Hiunn ycnr a* Itnttipto:) 
lerturtT prracLrd « discoursi, whirh he piih- 
liKhnl iMxh-r ihv titli' of ' IIoriB Mosaicw." 
By hi* marriafre, 31 May ISO;*, with Elita 
Sophia, yoiinm-r daiiK^bti^r of 3Iujor John 
Scrtjt-Warinfiof Incr, Choihiiv. hr; Tiuiitt-d 
his &llow«liip, and tor tho next Iwn yt^ars 
mctad M liik lather'* ciiTOlc at Calvrrlev. In 
ltK)5 bf wa9 c^Uiited by ItiHliop Karniifiinii 
I of Stockton- ujJou-'iVe-i, which 
\van aftprwiirdu for tbo 

almlJ.al'Xt ill |turhnni,aiid 
in IRillicWaspresentrd hythe same prelnto 
to tho rv!t'n-y of hoim Xi'wton, In tho same 
county, whtrc he rvtiuiitifd twrjity-onoyi-*r«. 
Binliop Bunrefis rnllatt^ him to a prebendal 
Mall in Sultxhiiry CAUii><lnl in 1K3], and 
Bitihnp van 3IilrI)>rt gavt* him the inaHtiTship 
ol Slw^rhum ll"?ipi'rtl m li^'J, when h* re- 
aigont tbf iwrory i>f Lmi;; Newton. At Shcr- 
hnm brilfviil«d a very rniitiid«.-rabti~- part of 
lii* jnconj!- lo Uk" pcminiirnt imiirorcntcnt of 

-, and at hif Jvuth l^.■^ Ibc 

fannsin iH-rfiwI conditioM. 

IT ' Tfrnuousiy advu- 

OVMtgT'li ! F* (if ihi? ni<v^ 

.■Til by fail.h,and 

Lh/' ■oli i.t a« I hi- rule of 

II ■■• by ht!>nb1'> 

I of Uisliop 

' . Iii<.!i0ij Jlar- 

iiui of itatb, Lord iK-xtuy, 

•f I^^rH^ I'!"la- 
iri ill characltT. 



llv considers that oU the pagan nations wai^ 
shippi-d tlM« »amr' god«, who wcro only dt-itl>^l 
men. Thia begun at tb« Tower of B«tbi:l, and 
ibotriadsofsupTvmugodsainoiigibKbi^lhnna 
repreerat the Ihrov isuas of Noab. JJft also 
wrote oa the ' Arkit^ l''fnr<' ""*) wine of his 
I'iuwa on this enMoct may likewise be found 
in biK * lliimptoii r.<i(cl nnra.' llis treatises On 
the lierdationA nod on thp Stixi^a ViuU be- 
loiig to the older school of prophetic intcr- 
pnlntion.and th.- n.«tnnition otNapoh^oaiu 
iSlSwaabmitsbtinro bisech«inc. His books 
on the primitive doctrine* of election tuidjuft- 
liftr-Rti.m retain wm.> importance. He Inid 
alreafl on the ev&iig^lica! view of theeu doc- 
tiince in oppMiHoo to the rminion of cnn- 
lemporarr ■writer* of vory diflerpnt schoolt*, 
Auch *9 Vicesimufl Knox and .lowph Miln«T. 
Ub n'Orks ehow some researcli and cAroful 
writing, but arn not "f much permanent 
value. He died at Sherbum Hospital . ncwr 
niirhnm, '27 Jan. 1854, and vraa buried iu 
the chnpel of tli« ho^ital on 1 Feb. Ilia 
wife died ut Sherbum Iloiue it* Noy. 1851, 
agH 7 a. 

Of Faber's voluminotu work* llii.' follow- 
injf are of the most importance: 1. 'Two 
Si-mious Iwftire thw Uriiviirxity of Oxford, an 
attempt to explain by Kii^nt cvntp five of 
tilt' .*N!Vi'n Vials ment ioned In the Rove lal ion*,' 
171(1*. '2. ' IIiiT.'p Mii'tfticcp, oru Viuw of tha 
Mosaical l^erords with nispM'T to their coin- 
I'idrni.-" with Pnifano ^Vntiniiily and thdir 
rvinniitirtnvritli Chrisiianity, 'Bainplon l^ec- 
tures,' I:*U1. 3. ' A l>iast.'rtaiion on tlic Mys- 
tcrii!-* of thi- Cftbiri, or Iho Great Gods wf 
l*ba>uicla.i>aiiiot brace, Kirvpt,Troa». Greece, 
Italy, and Creif,' L' vob. 1803. 4. ' TliouBhl* 
ontlicCalviniflticand ArmininnContrDVi-niy,' 
IfKKI. 't. ' A HiiiMTtation on iLl- PropheCK'S 
relalivc to the Great Period of I31O Veiir*, 
tbo Papal uiid Mahum«dati AtiocitiiAief, tho 
Kei^ of Anlinbriiit, and tli>< Iu<»torntion of 
tbt' Jaws," a vols. 1807; Tub ed.. 3 vols. 
1 ftl *-l 8. fl. ' .\ Cionnml and Connected Vtcw 
of the IVopheffiftfl relnlin> to lh« Conversion 
of Judab and larnel, the Dverlbrow of thft 
Conft-deriicy in PoIoMinf, and the DifTnaioQ 
of ObriBliauity." L> vol*. 1808. 7. * A IVnc- 
tical Trctt'iB*-* on thf Ordinarv Operations of 
llic Holy Spirit,' 1^13; 3rd«J. lfl'.1. 6. 'lio- 
markfl on the Fifth Apocalyptic Vial amtlbn 
Iteslorattun of \\tc Inijwrial Government of 
FniHce.'ISirt. fl. 'Th<- th-ijnnof l''4t»n Idij- 
latr>- asrertninwl from Iliatorical Te«imony 
and Circnm^lnntial Kvidence,'3 vols. I81(>. 
10. ' A Tri-atiitj' on ibo Geniua and Objwrt of 
the Patriarchal, the I^vitical, uad the Clirift* 
tinn DitiM>nBationj>.' *i vols. I&>3. II. 'Tliti 
IVifficuItu-x of lnfid.dily,' 1824. U'. *T1ib 
Uifficulliea of Itomaauuu,' 11^:20; :inlMl. \fi!>3. 



Faber 



ii« 



Faber 



13. ' A Truftttiw nn ^h« OHgiti of Expinttiry 

Sacrificp,' 1*27. 11. * The 'IflstiinonT of An- 
tiquity a^in»l tht< t'cculinriti'ti of tnv Ijitin 
Church/ lH:i(*. lf>. ' Tha Sacwd Onl^-ndar nf 
Prophecy, or u DiuerUt lou on lJi» ProplM^ciw 
of llic Oranil Period of fi*vpn Tim<*s, iinil af 
its Sccnod Moiotv, or the latter lUn^ times 
»nd a half; a vols. |fS2.-*; ^nd wl, 1H44. 
Ifl. 'Lcti»T)ion<,'otholii*Kmamriiiali<ni,'l>*L'y. 
17. 'Tilt! i'ruitftof liifidelitvt'ontriiftK'd with 
the Fruits of ChrislinnitT,'"l8;(l. I«. ' Tho 
AiKHi lot icily of 'rriuitariuuij<iu, thoTiftliu'.'iiy 
of lli&tory to the Anliiiiiity and to lb«- Apo- 
stolical Inculcutiou of the Ducirinu of the 
IIolyTrinity,'yrol(i.l833. 10. 'Thf^Primi- 
tiro Doctrine of Election, or ui Eanuirv into 
ScripturTLl Khiclioii iw rijcpived in thpt^riini- 
tire amrch of Chmt,' 1880; L'nd wl. 1812. 
£0. 'The Primitive Doctrint* of JtifitiGcation 
in%-t«ttgatMl, relslivvly to th« Dcfinitionn of 
ttu> Church of lioiue and the Church of Eng- 
land,' IftS". 21. 'An Knquin- into thpllifl- 
tory uud Thvolofi^y of tho VBllun«v« and AU 
bigvnseft, na exhibiting the I'^rpi-tuitT of the 
SinoereCliurfhofChnst/lHaS. 22. 'ChrUfa 
Discounts Hi {.'siK-rnniim fiitnl to t hi> Doctrine 
ofTniiBiibstanLiaiion on thn very Prinr'iplfi 
of Exposition adoijtijd by tht' Divme* of tlie 
nomnn (linw-h/ IKJO. 'i^, 'Kig^lit l)iA«rt«- 
tioR^ oil I'ropheticftl Pa«s«ges of Holy Scrip- 
tuiv- bL'orinjr upon lln' promipw of « Mighty 
Deliver»^r,'2vo!s. 18J5. I'l. ' Leii«T%oiiTnw- 
tu-iut SeKvssionstoPopory,' 1840. L'.j. 'Pap«l 
Iiifullibilily, a I^Titu- to a Diimilarv uf ihu 
ChuK:horitome,'lH61. 26. 'The PWdictwi 
Downfall of tho Turkish Power, th« Prepa- 
ration for the Itetuni of the Ten TriliM,' 1^3. 
27. ' The Reriral of the French Ktiraerorship, 
ani iciputed from tho NwMswilv of ProphecT/ 
18.Vi; 6t)i ed. IdiJUt. Many of th.-jii; vocto 
wer<> answered in print, and among thone who 
wrt'te BAsinM Faber's viows vnrv Tliomas 
Aniftld,^hute Barring onfl>i»hopofl>urh«m), 
i.Thriiitoiiln'r Ilethi'll (bishop of Glonccster), 
Gconru Corli*e, Jnmcs HatlcT Frtrc. Itichnrd 
IJnmiii^ Uravf^, Thuma-t irurdinif (vicar of 
Besley),FrMloricChorle» II us^nbt'iL. Samuel 
Lw. d:L>.. SnuiuW KolR'y MuiiluiK!. I».D., 
N. Niabiftl^ Thomas Pinder Pautiii, I^- Vamui 
tie Trtrern, and Kdword William Whituker. 
[The Uaay UansioBs in tbo Uauae of the 
Father, hy Q. S. Falicr. wit^ a Homoir of [he 
Author hy F. A. FnUr. 1864 ; (••nt. Mng. Hoy 
I8A4. pp. 537-9. and JuDK, [>. 601 ; IlMnHdoi 
Auixl* of Rt.ii'kion.<)icTi-»». 1885, pp. 101-4; 
Chrimiii " -inrnr, April 185.V pp. 110- 

331: -') ^iflith Lit«rntBn). i. A73— I; 

G.V.Cc. ^. .:.'.>..-. in>n«erOsfonI,]87fl. p. 203.] 

0. C. B. 

PABER, Jnir«r,ihocWOT(lfl60?-IT2n, 
«]raugbl«maa and mcxiotiiiteugraTcr, a native 



nf the Hague, Wm iiliout lil60, is uifuall] 
BtAtAdtobarefK'Ct1f>d in Eni^Lind ahnut I387J 
brinf^OK with him hts son, Jolin Fatier [q. v.] 
tli^n about thm> year* of afn. It M*t 
however, more probable that he did au( 
comv until about 16(W, for Vcrruci uoint 

f'>rtmil by him exccoted nt the llsuu^ it 
&)'J, and in the print room at the Ithttnt 
MiiMitm tliont ia a nmiill portrait of tli< 
younger Fabar, a* a child of under t«u , 
of apfe, exM^utwt by his father tn Bec*inh*r ' 
1704. Fabt-'T wiut Lvpuctally noted fur the 
!>iuall imrlruit.'* whii;ti lie dn>W from the Ufo 
on vellum with u ptm: there an> other ai- 
«niple9< in the print ntoro, inciudiog ona of 
Simon Kpi.wopiUfl. In 1707 Faber waa sctttled 
in the Strand, near the Savny, where h» kwpt 
a print-rthop, and ptnclised as a ro-'^otint 
euBjaver, in which art htt vpiined some pro- 
ficioiury. He engnrod maar portraits from 
thu LiK-, amour thorn boiug those of lti»hop 
AtterbuiT, Jcain Caapar, Count Itolhmer, 
Uifihop llutifth, Dr. Sachi-vvrvll, and utbprr, 
lwwi<l»i niimerou.t portraila of dissentins 
rlerj^. In 1712 he was cmployi'dat Oxfom 
to enjfniTe a f*.^ of tbv poriraita of thv foni 
derc of thfl oollt^-a ; this was followed by i 
jiimilar set of portraits atCamhridgm.maliinj 
forty-five in all. To his viftit t<i Oifnrd wer 
due the engraved portrait«of danrnel Butler,! 
Charlea I, GaoSrey Cbaueer, Duns Sootna, 
John Heridius, Ben Jonfion,sud others. Uu 
alHo engraved varioui^ sots of portTAitn. such 
as ' 1 2 Anci>>nt Philosopht-rV after KiilivAft, 
'Thn Four Imliwn Kings' (1710). and ' Th» 
21 lirformers.' He died At Briaiol in May 
1721. His eOKTavingd, thnudh rattier stillljri 
exccnte<},nre much prized, hut his fame was'l 
OVCTBhadowed hy that of his sou, 

[R«d;tTAve* Dii*t. of Artitt«; J. ChahMMr 
Smith's British Mopwtinto p.rtfaita; Do«ld'« 
manuscript History of Kn^lish KnRnrers; Wol- 
pole'i AnsalotM ^ l*aintuig, ed. Dailanay am^ 
Wornun.] L C 

FAfiER, .KIKN, the )rounp>r (160B?- 
17r>fl), devoted bimsulf enliruly lo m>'ZxoliQt 
enpravir^, which hf h-uriil fnim his fathi: 
and attaitn-di^at e.trellenue in thai art,}ii 
ducing a v.ist number of works. Hi- r«iidr 
wth ti« father up to tho time of the Utte 
■le^lth, aud during this period always cigi 
his enpTavings John FaWr, junior. He wi 
for tfomu limt;a.4ludent in \ audtirbank'a i 
dtunv in St. Martin's Lano. Among hi^carlj 
■worlts wem jKirlniit^ of (liArle* 1 (17171 
Cliarlw Xn of Jiw.-den (17I8"|, Sir Gcorgi 
Ilvng O'lf*). Kuxlact- Budguli (1720). nod 
otWro. A portruil of ThoroaH, duheiif Xew" 
caittle, an early work, bears in a M^cond maU 
of the plat« tho addtvss of John Smith [q^. v.] 



ibe ulliCT gnjit ax|M>tii^l uF Lb« nrt of intuEiith 
Um «iKniiritif: at this iwriwl. It ih poauble 
thkt Fuoi^ luaj hnw luiui worki^l untW him. 
TiJ F»l>t^ po'iifirity rtw^.i thp prPAcrTalion of 
tlie Bcbool of |>unTsiture whicii v-aji in voc'utj 
be t wg m iTir (i»y* of Sir Omlfny Knrrilrr 
( wbnsQ Khool aad Uyle are presorved in 
Smillt'* fngnvins») un<l thiMC of Iteynolda 
iJutuibopjutfli. AuoDg bi« Tiumerau^ 
iU. moTv lliaii four liundreil of wliieli 
,,r,-,. r?,v.vrT •.uui. may b(>c«p<?oiaIlT noted 
tb* .ill uf Jlis* Jblu (."ulliwr, 

Mill r Couplft (fivini a pictui^ 

by KruOlcr il Wiaii«gr.l: also tbcpurtniiieof 
i-luuli« II in hi« roltivt of »ta.tc (iificr 1-^ly), 
Una Lias LavoIs (after Titian), rarTE»B(after 
KadW). and thu nx ald^-rnum knnwn lu 
' Bf>n&'a Cluh' (aftt>r Hu(t«on), He ]>ubliitbml 
»otuc»rt(i(>fi9afir-.tV)imK,aiutinslbebv«t known 
being 'Tbe BvautiM of Hampton Court,' 
•Tbe Five rbilo«opb«rs of l^neUind,' 'The 
Kings and QuK-ns of En)(l&nd/ and 'The 
Mf-mberfofilioK.il-CuiClub.' Tliis club [for 
whicb s<w ('at, CuRIsioritEK] al one tioio 
)wld tin mivliiL^ inFounlainCuiirt, Sln.nd, 
IB whii-li KuWrolMJ TtviiUxl; tbiH way liavu 
Ird to Ilia bf?in(f t-n^aged by Tonaon to en- 

tfTB*-- ■' 'i-^ of portraiUi puintod by Sir 

Gtw r, Fatwrwas enffiHjr«'d on rhc 

, .. -ja) 1731 to ir*>, and in iho 
yfnr tlicy won publistied by him fiiid 
__ ifljoinllv; lbeplate8subieijueotlyp«8$ed 
itAtbe hanoiiof tliL< IVjyddts, and vrereoold 
the Ooyd^li inU in IBI^^. Uuriag tlio 
lacier pari of bin itfe FaU-r re&ided at the 
OuJden Ilcod in Jiloouislxiry 8auarc, whijrc 
iit^ Aied of tlu- gout on 2 May l7<>(>. From 
tbr inBCTi[iti<iQ on a nuaonJc purtrait of 
Frrdvrick, prince* of Waltw, il appears that 
n'a)B<r Wu k rni^-muum hiiuwelt. tin did 
iiige (o porlmicun!, 
• i! uthcr ■•ii]>jin:^, 
MM- ir.ii.st;ii: .Mimiir'(aitrtr\Vycli). 
'(ftft*'r\ jindTfkt.'SilvatorSlimdi' 
Brownt I, an^ varioii* domcatic »ah- 
'* ofti^r I'bdi]) MpR^i^r. His en^rraviii^t^ 
•Iroily progTVM and impmrt^niont 
It Iiiii cartwr. According t« WbJ> 
widow, of vrlmm there ■<> an cn- 
|[iai^a( by FabiT front a portmil. hy llud- 
•na, miiarTi<'d a lawyor nf tin; nomu of 

( II.. I ...,.,'. t.;:'r ../.v..,.i. fi,™i rSaiifh'a 

inaMTipt 

' . An«alott« 

aC l^Uituii;. vi. I WlTvvnr iiml Wwraun : roonv- 

^npLneu* in Andndon^L'ollMUnM Bio^phiea 

'prut riMtn, Uritub Muaetun).^ 1>. C. 




FABRICnrSi 
i.nn,jl. 1 429.] 
Wu iriii. 




[3«« CaKP EXTEft, AXKZ- 



FABYAN, ROBERT (d. I&I3), rhroni- 
chr, cmmn of a rwwotubk' family in K-'Uex. 
\Vn f^lhrr from fiiM will that Ids father's 
cu>m« wad John, and his mothpr'a Ajfiiiss. tt 
wiiiild lu.-i.-iM tlint hi- foU'jwed his lath«r as a 
rhithior in l^indnn, whc-T« he became a mem* 
ber of ih« Drapers' Company and aldonnivu 
of the w«r<i of Fnrriniftlfjii Without, In 
M»3hebeU ihButliciofBhmff.and in UOG 
was one of a rominitl«<e appointed to lay 
bffor>.- Henry VII tbo frricnuicca of (he Ijon- 
don uivrchants a« to the tolls iupo«ed on 
th<!ir expoit« to FUndera (RTltBB, Fadrra, 
xii. 048, 65i). In H98 be was on«of iJiose 
apjNiinttrd to hold Ni^wgale and Lod^tu 
o^ainettheCoraiahrebeUwbonrerpencampcd 
at Rlncklu-fltli, and soon ai^vr wa^ one of tbe 
comraiHsionem to oaoeai the fifi/>onTh granted 
by psrliainent Cw war agaiuKt Swtland. In 
\T:^Z he n>«im«d liis offieu of alderman on 
the ground that he waa not rich enough lo 
didcLarj^ the duties of the mayoralty. This, 
however, would *:'>*m to be a invo^un; of ax- 
twMne precaution, as his will (Ki.tt6, Intro* 
ditclion, p. iii) Hh'>\VK tlint bi> woft n man of 
coiisiderabl«wtulih. Thia wraith, liuwavvr, 
woe inherited front his wife Elitah<!t}i, daud^- 
tHr nnd heiress of John I'ake, u [jondon 
clothier, whom ho married probably in I Ifyi, 
ii« n, d-?od of that dat« nppointA trustees of 
Jiibn I'iiIco'b lands for itio joint, bom-fit of 
Fabyau and his wife. Thi) lands, which wt-ru 
of conaidnrabic «xtcnt, lay in tbe puriiib of 
TUeydon Gamon in Ewe^ and on tnt^m waa 
a ma nOT^ouM called Halatwlya, of whicli no 
inci-a an.' now left (^Bnt. Miii^. Additional 
(.'barter, ^89S5, prinlud in Jtufurii-ni Ari-tMc, 
vol. iii.) Stow {JSmvei/ fif lMttdon,ei. 1720, 
bk. ii. 140) utentiuns hut L-pituph iu tlio chtireh 
of Kt. 3licha*d, ('ondiill, and miyt that ha 
diud in IJill. The epitaph baa now dinan- 
pMrwl, hiit.Ral«Mv*'h:ii h»!died on 28 Fen, 
kl2. Hiiiwinwa^dat.NlllJiil7liill, and 
waa proved 12 July lol.'t, ho that we may 
OHAtimc Bob-a dnt<- to be iiccumto, and that 
he died on 2y Feh. 1.113 (N.S.( Hi« will ia 
an cxcfillvnt OTompta of wilb of the |M-riod, 
and i;^ full of minute iustruciiune ub(.)Ut hia 
finii^ral and his • moneih'a niinde,' «a wf 11 aa 
ihediflribtitionof bisproptrrty. of which tbe 
divil olinve ror<!rr<-d to given ft minnle ih«crip- 
tion. From it we luamthat be left a widow. 
fuuraona.and twodau{;htere,whii wnr^mnrvi- 
vonof a lar^rfamilr, oahfl orders t ha figures 
of ten sons and six daughters to be set upon 
bia tomb. 

Fabyan was tbe first of the citiica diro- 
nie-ltra of I^ondon who concelTed tb« design 
of lixpuntUng bit diary into a gcoonl biilory. 
flia work won called by himwlf ''Yhia Ooo> 
oordancs of IIuioTics,' and, beginning with 

1 



Fabyan 



"4 



Faccio 



Hiu uTiTal of Brutiu, g»r» « g«nNra! fturr^y 
of th« kffivin of KajrUnd, tad in later times 
of FrwiCR hW. Tiio flrst «tz books RR bripf, 
anA Tv^ch to the Norman Conqueit ; llie 
sereotb book cxttmds from the NormaaCon- 
quiMl to his nwn daj. Fkbyan wu veil 
ac({uaiiit«d witbLatui and Kn!Rcli,aad shows 
a larffO knovrled^ i>f pn-viau-t wxil^rs, but 
hi« M>]«ei i* to lionnoniM their mccounu, 
aiii] lu (to doing b» ihovn no critical sof^a- 
cilT. Hfi has not mao^ merits as a writer, 
auu ia udIv vuluablv as an autlioritT as hu 
readier bis own tioiu. Fmin tliu accrxaion 
of Bichard I bis bo<})i awumfls Uw form 
of a Iiondan clironicl«, and tbe jvara are 
dividul bv the names of tlw mayon and 
sheriffs. \iv has an ere for cit^ paf^Mntrr, 
and givm details of many public foerJTiti«a. 
OecasioBaUjr hi> breaks into vi-rse, bwinning 
bis books with {km^du in honour of the Vir- 
gin; but h«ius«rte a complaint ofEdwardll, 
which is in tho style made familiar by the 
'Uirrour of Magistrat«a.' Fabyan's vena 
i# i-vi^n nidcr than his proM. As an hi»> 
toriral authorily his boou is only valuable 
for a fvw details about the affiuia of London, 
ai bo ahawfl little aanae of the general bcAr* 
inff of erents. 

Fabyan's work was first printed by Pynson 
in 1510 with the title ' Tho Nvw Chionioles 
of England and France,' and Uiis lint edition 
is very ran. Bnlo says time lhL> book was 
burnt by order nf Cardinal WoWr bocauM 
it reflected upon the wealth of the clergy. 
Than) ts notlnng in its contmiU to boar out 
this aaaertion )M<yond iia reconl of the I^lard 
petition of U 10*. The first edition ends with 
the bstth> of B'isworth. The second edition, 
pnWitiliwi by Rastwll, IBSS, pontains a con- 
tinuation reiichinglothe death of lleniy VII, 
Trhich sootns from internal cvidonro to 
bo Pabyui's work, but pmbobly was held 
back at first as dealing with evouLs which 
were too rooenU The third edition, pub- 
. lished by ltf*vnc<s in IMS, was vxpiirfratpil 
and amandeJ to Auit the ideas of the re- 
formers. The fourth wlitioii. publi»hrd by 
KingBtOD in 1M9, has a farthi^r r»ntiiiu»- 
tjonlry another hand reaching to the noces- 
■on of EltMtboth, in some eoiHos rendiing 
as far a* 8 Jan. lIV>8-4 and in others to 
8 May. The modem edition is that of Ellis, 
1811. 

[Dalft'ii Snmmarium Bcriptorum (1569 »!.), 
p. BI3; Piu, RelatkMiw Hi«torico> (1919 «).), 
p. eoO; Tanoer'ii BiUiotheca Britannico-HiW- 
iii«(]74S ed.),r>. 372. Ellis ia ht« Iiilm<lQetioR 
to lii« vdilion or tha Olironiclp prinls Fnbynn'* 
will, which, with tbsdeedia tlioHivtoriosl Reriow, 
Tol. iii., sUna as our chief knowledge of bis t>er- 
sonal lite) SL C, 



FACKHO, NlfXtl-AS O'hH-irr.ai. 
Daillier, machi^maliciaD and fannlio, •^^-conl 
son of Jean SaptiMe Faccio. by hit wi( 
Catherine Bssband or Ftarhaiid, was imin ul 
Basle, 10 Feb. 1004. His aiioeslori had K-a 
Italy for SwitZ4>rlnn<l, on account of tlieir 
religion, at the beginning of the Koformatioe 
His father, a man of considerable pro{)ertj 
had faonght about IdTOthe manor of Duillit 
in Vaud. Faccio was destiubd at flnl fo 
the church, and, after a good classicul i min- 
ing at bono and at Gunora, (>tudipd philo- 
sophy, matheiaatif^ and B.<4ln>iioiny. He. 
then beffan to etudv Hebrew and attvn^ 
divinity lectuivs at Oonttva, of which he 
enrolIM a citizen in 167^, but hii< motbor^ 
wishing him to take service si. some p^>tt^aW^ 
lant court in Germany, liowae, heMv^,* lef 
wholly to himself,* and gare up all tnought 
of the ministry. Before ho was eighteen bs 
wrote to Di.>mmic C'astini suggeattng a ninrl 
method of determioing the miq's ili*tanc*' 
tnm the earth, and an cxplanaci'^n of ib»' 
form ofSatiinix ring. I^niwurngi;^ liy Ci^s- I 
fijni'.i rf-ply, ho went to Paris in the ^'rins 
ot'ItiSL'.and wa»kindlvreceiTetl(^-, ' '■" 
viii. 9ri>. [n 1683 Oifl-'ini pave 
of the Eodiacal light. Faccio foU..<~v.> 
obsenalioDS. repeated them at Oeo'-'va it 
l)jdl. and gave in 16^ new and im[KiniiDl 
developments of this theory (('iroCKi m L*4 
^MietUM da la Il4pubUquf dt* Lfttrr*, Man*h1 

1685, pp. yflO-T). They were published in 
bis * Lettre i\ 111 Caaini . . . touchant una 
Itimtire extraordinairv tiui jiaroit dan- tvcie 
depnis (]Uelque.i ann^ea, l2mo, Amsterdam 

1686. Faccio also inv«nl«il «o:ii>* usefof 
nuichines. Kc studind the dilatation and 
oontmrtion of the pupit of tlie eye, and d 
scribed the fibres of tne anterior iiTua an 
the choroid in a letter to Mariotle dated 
13 April 1081. Heinlroducedimprovementa 
in lelMcope glasses ; showed how to TAke ai~ 
vantagu of a ship's motion ( imiugh the wat 
to grind cAra, tosaw, to raise indon, and t 
hoist rigging ; contrived a ship'* obMrvatocy 
was the iim ti> diMxtver the art of piercin 
niViM Co receive the pivots of thi' balaiu-' 
wheel of watehes: and meMurwl thAhi-ightu. 
the mountains siiTTounttingOeaeva, planning-, 
but nover completing, a map of tlw lake. 

Faccio returned toOencvivinOctobtrrlftSS.' 
I>uring the follovrinn yenr ho h<'ciii!i^ hi'- 
<[uaintod with one Kcnil, a Pi- ' 
count.who, having olTeiided in turn 
of Savoy and th« BLingofFm::! I 

in the liniL4e of Fftccio s matern " ■ - ■ " 
in AJsBce, and eventually al I 
confided to Faccio a plan for 
Prince of Orange at .Scbewimi;, :i: 
duced ft letter from Louvols oflering tlisj 





Un(*s |«jdoit,apnroTinpnf the plan, and en- 
rioma an order lor mon^)-. Pncciorev^dcd 
tfa* plot to 1»i« frifnil fiilhr-rl Itnmet, u-tiotn 
be aooconptBwd to llollimi] in Ki^ iu order 
lain it u> Ihe prmco. To reward him 
raolvcd to cnato for Fucvio, whose 
iwereiwriified by Uuy^Leu5,a iii&t)i»- 
prDfuBSonhip, with u hoiisu and a 
ciagaNtitrvurtvrulvi- hunrlml Huriiw. 
I prinoe ■!»« promiseJ hini a prit ate pen- 
8011W deUy occiirrinj!, Fiiccio ruc I'Juts 
kjr • viliil to Bngl«nd in th>< :ipriiii; of 
wbese, be -writes, ' bein(r miplitity 
: with thi« nstWin, and with the V.ng- 
uri.Tniicn.nnil h»vin(rb.*n ill at Oxfnrd, 
L.I return to the llatnie; whfn», 
• Tiiv; of other*, I might have 
coo mnch «xk)««<1 to the rv8«utiDvnt 
loDfrsuid flf the count ftt ooct^; but 
fUTud in England till thi? IVincc of Oran^ 
wm« in full pnueaainn of thf«e kitigdomii.' 
wofl adtcittcd n fellow of tho Koval So- 
rt, :> Slav l'»« (Tno«<iox, Hiif. \f ft-iy. 
■-. npivMniix iv. p. .^xviii). Having nlrt-ainM 
ftir wim« of his countmnt-ii iu the 
uiil Uutch Mir\iM, Fnofio ' frtiiml it 
for bis own rest ' to leave Enj^Iaiid 
lie bcciimo trnrt-llini; tutor to 
lost >»n of Sir William Klli^ and a 
bornlin, and resided Juritig part of 
At l'tr';cht. Hi^rv hu mi-t Kdmund 
If, who writfHof him tlial ul l.htit. limo 
p*nflrally csioemed to bo a f^pinoiist. 
nuiumn nf IftSl Farcio retiirnt-d to 
;;Und. He wan in Switzcrlnn'l in ItiSW, 
■nd 1701 (k>o his letter in .Sewars, 
\ of IHitinmmhed /VrMMu,4thedit. 

I ronoemed in t he fatnotifquarrcl 
Ifwion and I>?ibnitK. lis bod 
fevnon at Cambridge iu Novrmber 
N'owton )?flVf^ him moary.ftnd olft-rwl 
[■ Iiiin a fibular alluwanL-*! on theron- 
JiiD of bi» pprmancntly n-ijding at Ci«in- 
(leitcr of Xcwton, dated II March 
it) NimoLfl, liiunlr. of Ut. \x. .^S^. 
I waa iitiHdrtlty of htn pftircm. Hcftmn 
■a^ that h» wak'a wi^ptick in religion, n 
'■''■- ■ inw>. but a iiutc dcbauchM,' 
•1 1'nr-cio 'ijnt by hia iDsinua* 

:. . '■ • n TB)!t sum of IDCHieT ' 

ikff of IV«dfwrd {Cattic- 

:.. u. '_'-l4>. FatWo al- 

i cy)ni'inw<I Xcwtdn of cer- 

-. Ihf ' I'nncii«ii ' (Hl"'Alfl>, 

im4 Afny, p. lOf'i Ediiihurfih Trttnif 

', I^i"J, xVu .!>. Hi> put* himself on 




Ion, antl in ft li-tfi»r to IIuv- 



undcriake it Piyself, as I know no ono wbo 
to well and lhoron(;lily understands a good 
pAit ofthiahooka.'il do.' Hn3r)Tbr>n«;;rBvely 
wrote on the margin of this lutivr 'tlappy 
Newton' (KEMntE, -Sfnt^ Paper* nnJ Ckirrt^ 
ap9Ndntee, pp. iiG 7). Wht-n l^rtiibnitx sent a 
Mit of problems for aolutioii to Fiiffland liu 
uivntioiied Nowtuu and failnl to mcniinn 
Faccio among tho«e probably (capable of i>olv- 
iag llwm (it. p. 438). Faccio rrtnrird by 
snouring at Luilmttx««tli0'sei>iDd inv'jntnr' 
of the cah^ulti.1 in a tract •-.nlitlM ' LintniB 
brevLssimffi descensus inTefitigalint<«!ointitrick 
iliiplttx, ciii addila t-nt inreMtigatio geometricft 
H>lidi ix)tundi inipitiininiaui Rat rmiBlcntit,' 
4t.o, LondoD, 1(790 (p. IS), In n^plvinir to 
Faccio (.irfa ErHditamm, 1700, n. 20^1 Leib- 
nitx ftjjpenied to Newloii hiuLS^lf lu liaviiig 
ttdmittt'd the mdcpcndcnt discovery. Faccio 
»iit n reply to tbv i-dilore of tLu'Artft Eru- 
ditorum," lint, tliej refu^ied to print it on th« 
)fp>uud of thoir uvi.THioti to L'OHtiyjrerHy yih. 
l7UI,p. I<tl}. l*'inaIlvhi;HtirniI up the whole 
Kovfll .S'lcititr tfl take a mirt in tho diiiptitc 
(!(KK»jtrK«, Mrmoirgof Sir I. NcvtoH, '2ttd 
wiit. !i. l-Ti). 

Faccio contitiiiud to rceid« in London at & 
Tf«fh>'r of niath<>innT.iM. Ho i^ntorcd into 

Sart iiership with t hi,' brothers I'eter and Jacob 
IS IkiHufrt', Krvucb watchmakers in L-mdon, 
and obiaini<d a founwn vears' imtimt fi^r tlte 
ftolo use in J'^gland of his iuvetitioii rrliiling 
to rubioR {Zondon Gaztllt, 11 >[ay 17ti4l. 
In March ITOIi h^ exhibited iip'riiiii>nii of 
wutchw thus jewelled to the Itoyal SofiMy 
(Original I^ttfr* nf EminirHi Literary Meit, 
Camd. Soc. Txiii. vilZ-ll^). Aliout th>:<i time 
FflCcioaMOci&tedhimK'lfwitb the Camiiuirda, 
or 'French prophfll*,' becotDing their cLiof, 
and committing their warnings to writing. 
The uroTernment fiiispeeled bim of coutrivins 
eome dr^-p political scheme. At lodt Fuccin 
and two of Itn brelhrvn wt-r« prowcuied at 
the chArcTBofthc French chureltesiD l^ondon, 
aud ooadcmnud by the quiwu'a buach to tho 
pillory AA CAmmon cheats and im]KNit(>r«. On 
2 Dec. 1707 Fuwio stood on a »*atfold ae 
Charinff Croid, with an in;icrijitioii on his hat 
deeoribinghimae an aivomplioe in spiralling 
' wicked and counterfeit nroplievies.' Ity thu 
inflnrnce of the ]>uke of Ormonde, to whom 
brother, I»rd Arran, Faccio had be«n tutor, 
he wa^ eared from the violenco of the mob 
(LrrrniiLi.. Relation of Stale Affair; I'd", 
vi, 1'40). He next start-:^ on an cxpeililion 
to convert the world, waudi-n.-d through tier- 
many, wf^nl into Ania, and iu thernd drifletl 
hark to llnf^lnnd. He wad in I^nn^lon in 



waa in 
M, wriio« I hat it i« really Qti- ' May 1712. K^'i-niiiiilly bv retired to Wor- 
ry til .-lak ?i«T«-t-in to prepare a nnw , ee^i'r.whereh*' formrtlfwimfcong'nisl fr»-iu|- 
*ilowoTvr,'licaddj,'iiiia}'poMib1y Btup»,iuid busied liiusclfwilL uwDiitic pur- 

l3 




■uita, a)cb«-Jny, and The rayittcneit of ihe cab- 
bftlc. In 1732 Iiu endcuvniirtKl, but it is 
thought iinj>Mcin>M>rully,t(>tib(ttinthrotigUtlie 
ioflocnec of Jnbn Caoduitt [q. v.], Xcwton'a 
nepbew, eomu rvwurd fur baring snv<-<l tbn 
lift of The Prinre of Omng^. il'> aaaisle<l ; 
Conduitt in pUnmoBtbedeeiKiitandwTitmg 
lIiG inscription for SVwton'* moniimi'-nt in 
"W*«tiniuncr Abbey. lie dit>d ou :^ April 
or 12 May 17>'>3 1 0>ni. Maif. ifxiii. 'Jll^), and 
WAS buri4>d nt th« chnreh nf St. Nicholas, 
Worct-wli-r {rtKEEU, n'urrtntei; ii. &3-1 ; ct 
Nash, H'orcestenhirt, vol. ii. aupplmieDt, 
p. 101). H« left ft numb(.-r of miuiuscripli, 
of -which aoate paAsed into the lianda of I>r. 
Johnstone of KiddiToiiutitur; utliera were ac- 
quired by ProfMiMr \a- Sa^^ of Onncva, who 
aim poeaemed a large callEwr ion nf liifllettpm. 
A few of bis pnpeni and tplt<>ra nre in thi* 
BritiiOi Mnnfiim. Anyins thi-in id it Lntin 
poem enlille<l 'X. Fucii Du^llorii Auriavufi 
Tbrono-(«crviitu8'(Addir.M3.4ldS)jConNiin- 
iix^ a curioua nairatire of Kenil's plot and 
n. not inel^ji^nt dcscnption of Ibe jt^weiled 
M-ftichi'«. A f(tric« of Inivnt to Sir Hana 
SIcwriH iib. 4CM4) extend from 1714 to 17:HI. 
Other letlPrH of bin are in faerimluE 2 nf 'C. 
]Iu(^nii aliomtnqui- sninili xvii.viroruin ci'l'.- 
hruiin RxercitBtinnM MathemnTirn'el Philn- 
■opbicw.'-H'J.thi.' IlnpiM, IKSS, To vol. v. of 
Lc Cl"'ro'« ' Hihiiothi-qiift I'nivorvOliv/ ltW7, 
Faocio contribute 'lUHexions our une ni6- 
thode dr troiivcr l*"* tjingitnt«s do cortAino* 
ligncs courbee, uui vieni d'(-tr<> puhlif-c dan» 
an lim intitulf: Mi-diciua McuiiK.' 1\iv 
' Act n Ldpsiiin^ft * for 1700coiUAiu» * Exwpyla 
vx Sim resnonaione nd escerpta ex titl^riu 
J. llcmouiliT,' IlcMdiis a puporin thB ' Philo- 
mphioiilTm'ni'aclione.'xxviii. 172-0, ontitlw.1 
* kpiiklolii mi fmtrem Job, t'lirisloph. Facium, 
qua vindicat SolutioDum suam Problcmatis 
ne invrnii'-nilo iM>lido rotnndo M-ti ti-rx-t i in ({un 
loiaitUB Eat n^Etipntia,' Fsci^io lv>^trib1ltt^I 
aiticlm on antromimy mid Hebrow nii>lre» in 
nearly nvrry niiraber of the 'Cionth-roan** 
Magaxine'for 1737 and 173r4. In addition to 
the work* nln-ady mentioned he wns aiiihor 
uf: 1. ' Kpislola . . . <Ie man fenfo Snlouionia 
ad E. B«ini&rduin ' in tht^ Inttcr's' De Mensurts 
el Ponderibus anii'jtUD l.iWi \rvt,' tfvo, Ox- 
ford, 1688. 2. * Fruit-wall.* improvtMl l>r in- 
clininf tbpiD to tbu boriztHi,' hy a inen]l»!r of 
th« ifnvnl Sorirtv (.*ia:nwi N. 1-". p,, i,... 
N. Fawin do rhjillier)."4tfl, London, ItWP. 
S. ' N. Facii T'liillt-rii Ni'utnnua. Eclo^rn," Svo 
(OhentP), 1738. 4. 'NaTipnlion impmv'd : 
beuig chiefly ihe method for finding tlie Uti- 
tudc at MA lis v.-A\ n.* bv Innd/ fol., London 
(1728). With .I<»n Aliut, Klie Marion, und 
othtr fcnlotA, he issii^l an unfulfiilHJ pro- 
pheqr vith tiie tilti; 'PUa do la Jaaticu Aa 



Dica «ur la trrrc diiiu n-^ dcrnicnjoun et 
rcl&TcmeDL de U chAie dc rhommo par 
pich^,' 3 paria, 8vo, 1714, of which n Latiii 
venion appaon-tl during thi- i^aicc year. _ 
A young«r brother, JeasT Cui'.lsrorilB 
FA<%lu,po«aMed much of XicoUsV I'-amin^, 
but none nf liin gvniit*. lit- wik (?Wtcti I*.R.S. 
on 3 April Mm (Tiiimflu.v, IlUl. nf Jio^. &«. 
appendix iv. p, xicti), and nubltfhrKi m tb 
' Philooophiral Traii«ii-t»KW (xxv. ±.'4 Ml) I 
deiM^iplion of on eclipee of the aun wliic 
behad obA^rT«^atti(*n*>vaQn 1*2 Mar of ibi.. 
year. Ho died nt Centra in Octormr I "tit. 

iwill regifltered in P. C. 0. 5, Itiickin|;hain). 
ly bis wife Catherine, dang^htcr of Jt-an 
Qaesaud of FoTVolifuivrc ui Pn)Vfiu-«, to 
whom he woA marned in 170W, he left no 
ieGue. Ufir will waa proved at London ia 
March Mbl (n-giAt«r<^<l in P. C. C. 04. UettCft- 
wofthl. 

rSen^)«r*9 Bistoire litt^mlre de Goniva, iii. 
1&&-S8; N'onrdle Biogra[>hJ« (itorrale, xrtt. 
138-41, Btngniphi* UDiTer«4ille(AIichiiiiil), xiit. 
40&-6; Calamys Hiacorical Aofouiit 'ifniy uvru 
Lif<>, i. 189-90, ii. 74-A: Dio^mphin ItnUtimat 
tKippi*), iii. 14S-I, art, ' t^nUm j ; ' lttim>-t'» 
TmTOht(173;}. p. M; Bumet'iiOwn TimotOs- 
f*inl cd.). iii. 124; ilfi-wnt.r» .McinAin tit Sir L 
Nnvton (18A5), ii. 3rt-40; WilKi:i'ii DliumilrCK 
CharckoM, iv. 78-ft ; Kcmb'o'v Slatv pHpvn sad 

, Corwapindenea. pp. 426-3; Iteame'sCallMtif ~ 
(OxT. Bill. Sue), li. 2*4. 44T; TatUr(Sicb 

' Bod Cbslai«N, 1806), i^.tittfi Adm»1* t<f Qn> 
Ar;n6'»a6ign,vi. 371 ; HuygTcii ^;x^^reitfllionl 
fjLM^. i. 41, ii. 66, I7>'i; Salmon'* UtirriniklnicM 
ilinoriaii, 3rd ed. i. 3&\ : Grwri'« Uisl. oT Wui 
ceeter, ii. 93-4, appendix, pp. exliz-«Ur; \Vi 
(.'urioiitiwof Clm-ksaiul Wat.-hp», pp. 30n-10; 
Nalthrojip'* Trvjitiiio on WMich-vork, pii. 92-3, 
237-8; nti»ir)w'« Watch and Clock Making, 
pp. 20, 110, 111, 114. 129; )?(itM and Qciorin. 
3rJ aer. viii. 171-2, 2\b. 390-1; Dedimtioa of 
Kmncla Willb'a 9ynop»ta Ptijaine, Sre, IxiihIod, 

1690.] 0. a. 

FACHTN A, Sautt and Bwnop (jf. fMk 
cttnt.), of Ho.* Ailitliir, now RoMcarl>ery, in 
the iwuth-wmtt of the ooiinty of Cork, vna 
deatcenilM in (lie tvr«>lfl'h CT'iieralinn fnim 
Lnsmid Lagdn, brother of OlioU t)luiu, kinff 
nf Munater, of the race of Lugaid.AOU of Itu 
(fpiim whom the tr-rritorv doriTcd it« name 
Corcn Luidbe), Hi* |k?']i;;ree in tlM* ' [..eliar 
Breco' describes him assim of Monfrach, *.in 
of Mocttaeh, w •Xov* thv ' Ilouk of l.*'in.fii 
In till! 'Calendar' of (J-JnifiK beiii said [■> lia 
Iwen calk'd mnc monffOfh, * the Uiury i 
IVom hia nppeuninct- ut birth ; a \^ffi 
liajM Hu^^esied by the apparent rnr 
lieiwfmi Mou^h, the proper nunv, 
*tnonjr.' hair. 

He lirst held the nUice of bishop and at 
of Dairinid Maolanfoidh, ' th« oak tatoadj 




■ i>tb.* T1>iiii»af:ual]yiil<riitirte(l with 

ar. iUttnd in tlif rivflr Illackwaipr, 

, but Ihe 'Martyr^l'jpy <if D(»- 

^41^. filfcOOAliimiil IhiirinUin ('i 

t ViiiitBKlAcii, that i!i, ibb i^l&ad in the Itay of 

WnConl. which it appears from nn ««lry at 

SI Jon. WW ftUooitUuu Durinis Maulnnfaiilti. 

bulli pUcnft |ifobiibl^ Acknawledgm^ llip uu- 

tboritr of lhi« nml. 

pM^itiia X* LvM hnown u tbe found«rof 
kIm gn>«t actiml of Knu, nituAted oa tbe Mdi 
«aMt OMJ- thv BOW uselesB harbour uF Itou, 
ooci! tuTigabk; bv ship*. Tfao itcbool was 
«udy ■coBBsiblei W eeo, and mtracted stu- 
^^dcn'- '■-■■•' ■>)iro»ui, n» well v fnLun hoin^.. 
^H In ' t* Moobiwinoff or Puidbt-rius 

^B ll.'J .' ■_, .1. -i-,' ifltliiij wferrwl to: 'Ilelivi?«i 
IB bia own motuuter;-, foundwi by tiimw^lf 
near Um tea, where a cil<r frew up, in whicb 
*larf^ niimbor of ttholars is alwnjrs in ht- 
JbuntL' Th« wyril 'city'U-ivil«»> mteil herw is 
•BoLirtl ill lYclesiaitiical iMm to a monastic 
Aciut^^l. wfaicli c.'nsiKtL'd gf i,'ruiii>s of rude 
bul^- i>nt lopeUiKT for tlii tit iidc lit*. From 
thi*- inllwx of Btranp>r« il ramo to be known 
m» )tu» Ailithir, gr eoiowtimcs \l<>» Ailithri, 
* Rnunf ilippilj^mRorpilf^irQajirc.' Aililhir, 
a I'l 1 '-■^m ihe Grwlt ' allott^ios,' wm 

%tt' \jnin ' p>'T«-prinu*,' tfl sifru'l'v n 

atruii;.' r in i![i- imrrow«r ueim' of one who 
caiucnillian'bLi"ii»]>urtiow. Si. Brendan of 
Olunfi.'rt iaivportctl by Haninvrtohave l>wn 
■ODO* /rririgluttn, 'it prnWlur of this ichooL 
It cnnljnupd (o csisi until 072, whun it was 
«|(«lnty«(l hv ihr- Itarwn. Tbe pmlttctor then 
in nffire, tuuned }Au^ome> (MacCosh), was 
taknn {inMinar and oarrird tkir lu Scatt^ry 
m] ir tbcShannini, when<^> hn wan ran- 
i U Bn«» H-r -itiib-t (^Oi'tHOH) ^o. v.] 

troiVI 111' [-ItJ lit ILh's follllllfttlDII llBVt! 

tmiiiTm 111. lull 11 ^itvmi'hyaitrihtitcd to^[al^- 
Onm» is trrp«^r(>«] in the * Itookof L»in»t(>r.' 
Tboiyjb in it» nn^vnt mclricul form it dau-s 
fruoi th« l«nt'i emlitry. it mar have be^ii 
«ri)flnally cl<nlpiltdintll)^tiiDl.■of lbofoundl^^. 
Jl w a •umiiiarv nf lb* Kv<Kraphy of tli* 
kbi til'iTA tome IduiwleJ^o of 

Or - "d Kutnv facta, atwh oa th« 

lnin:i:>^- i>iii:ii ui llnL'u on thfl (^iu)|>ian. for- 
narljr known a? the ' eli'mnl fiivs,' which 
wwiv nnknowD vlw-whirrn in Kiim|H> in t)iAt 
«(^. Tlir \yi'm hax lu-'-n pulili-lied with a 
tniiwlalion lu (li^- ' IVKXH-dm^ti of tlii> ftoyal 
Ifiah Ai-adeliiy ' 

Iiap]»^i>r-r.,I, iv.> luH<iiuflr>rthi> foundation 

iof lln*i rill tii-4-niii-- blind (oiccuft, 

which I' , I riivnw th« Irish itucA^ 

DurMind i,uid tii' iianii-ii ly bMuiui^Lt t Ii*? Lord 

(or t mi-.'-dT. In ni«|ionpt! lo hii yrwym h« 

' ihnt bir lauiil ' hnlli" In* far-e 

liri oiilli of tbtt wifit uf lUtiiiin ihu 




'agan 

nrtisan.' Not knowing who tbia penoB wu* 
bo was diroct«d to her by the proptietesa Ita, 
uad alter a Journey of fire (uya arrivixl at 
Corcal>iiiM.-inn, in the county of Clani, whure 
h« disDOTvred thu wifa of B«oiui, and hnving 
luadthepTwicribed r«mi»dyr«coTKrvd biHoight. 
limn* wtri! several aainta of thf> name, and 
St. Uiiimin of Connor (JL 7tb wnt.), in bis 
poem on the oainu of Tr^Iand, celebratefl onrt, 
whoBnenufrom tbe reference Co his tnching 
and his hospitality to baro bmin tbe sabjact 
of our aketon :— 

Kiicbtua lliD bvKLiitJihln, tbo piooi, lored 
To teacb aJl will) randies. 

This may menn that Iii> gave leuotts in the 
f vcninfr. and if a coiijectunt is allowable thus 
injured hisuyfaigbl. Awonlinjjtolbo'Book 
of Li>can ' t wtnty-aeven bL<«bopA of the mce of 
Lu^niidU t;uYvrupd Kuhs from Fachtna to Ua 
Duu^lncb, all of whom wi-n> nativi^x of tJie 
tprrilory, 

l-Wh'ina i« t>ti|)po«(^ to liBTv died in Ills 
forty-Hinfh ypar of hi» age. The story juat 
(fircn iiii|ilii'!i that he was at Itoss bpfonttho 
di^tb of St. Itii. i.p. fiiO, and Colgnn thinka 
he was alive a» lateai SUO. His name is the 
Imh fDnnofthc Latin Faeundus; it is lo* 
csUy prv<M*rvtHl in thv uamv of tbe adjoininK 
parish of Kil-fauubua-be^, ' tbe \\Xt\v cburcE 
of St. Fiu-htnu. llu is suuii>limt!<» caUad 
Fau^biiaiiorFurhtiian, i.f>.Farbtiia with'au/ 
the dimtnutire of ufTection, added. His da^r, 
a4rcording to (be ' Marlyrology of Donvgal,' is 
11 Auj^., nllhough Smith (Hut. r/ Cork) 
gives the L6cb as the day observed in Iha 
neigfabourhood. 

fLaaigaa's Ecd.QiM. ii. IWM ; Uar^rology 

of l>oiirjtid. pp. 21.210; Snitb's IlitLcT Cork, I. 
2M-7: Cakndar of (Eneiis. ««'•<-«*»«' ; Viu 
Mochaemog tru Pulchcriun. Knl lamlists' Ada 
Sanct. Vi Blnrch, lorn. ii. 281 »^{.; Book of 
Leiiiffler, Si'il ii ; Lebur Ureoi;, 18 • ; lieographjr 
of Ro« Ailitliir : Pro^i^duigs uf tbe Royid Insn 
Aeademy, 2ud xr. li. 219, Ac] T. O, 

FAOAW. ROBEItT (A 1810), diploma- 
tist and smaicnr portrait-painter, was bum 
u I Cork iiKiut l7lo. ICarly in the century 
he WHS itjipoiHtMl (^otiAul-gcneral for Sicily 
and tb>.- Ionian Islunils. Fur many ywra bare* 
oidnliii ItooK-, nnilU'lufrn umaitd 17B8tie 
formed a uisgiiific^nl collection of work* of 
art, inrliidint; nhvi.'dlI cbvfs^'iuuvre, formerly 
in tbe Aliirri I'mIaor, and a Oroek marble of 
Alexander, which )h> presmtwl to lb« Vati- 
can Miixonm. Tbi' .■Mtinri l^'laudee were 
purchased from Prince Alt ieri by Fagan, who, 
to Mve them from the F'n^nch, t<'xtk thf pn>- 
caution to secrete them within a wall built 
by Ititute-lf under astairo&se. It was not long 
bufora a rumour of tlw sale roachad ilia 



Fagg 



iiS 



Fagg 



l''rvDi'li Atilhoritin, imd ihe purcbiuwr, ref^i*- 
iog to deliver up llic puriured, wtu arrested, 
*IM for some lime conlined in tlie CAstlo of 
Su AngiOo. But tlm place wlioro tbt-jr were 
d«|io«il«iI not iiuviiifc Lkvh dutcovered, be 
■fturwitrdB fouai) mfatiK to caurej them to 
Kii[ftim(l. Wln-u th(- KnriK'h tooli pwsewwm 
of 1 Come in 17ft>, whil4> ait<>inprin^ t'l uk*> 
rufugu oil bonnl Admiral NcUon s fleet Fi^n 
was iimytloii vriili llu; tiicturra in hi» poi»c«- 
sion, bill bein^ releued Uirnugh th» inti>r- 
fKri'iice of n friend, be succeeded in ponve^- 
ing the two Claud« 7nctun.'S to Pnlrrtn'o. 
Tli«y \r«n> Bubsequeully transmitted to a 
tnorcluuil in Enf^lsndforlbc purpose of m]c, 
but ibrougb un frr<:fr iu tbe con»igumcut 
tLcy were deposited for a eouAidemble time 
in n cuftom-buiise at some port in the wect 
of Enfclimcl. On F»zan'«i arrivnl in I^>n<lon 
bu asM-rt sini-d tlmt bis picturuJi had been sd- 
verti»ed for wvlt-; \tv found nn dilfinilly in 
pruvin^' them to he bin pniptrty, and iliey 
w^rr^.i restored to bim on payment of all ex- 
penflr^ii. They were siibMKiucnily disposed of 
to Mr. Beckiord, n-iih u inw einall IltiUan 
pictiiriM', for l,oO(V., and purt-hnM-d from him 
lor U.QIXH. by Mr. Richard Hurl Daris, by 
wbom tbey were IntiinftTivd lo .Mr. Mih-n. 
Tbc I^igh Court paintings werp sold in ISrt^f, 
and tbn crlid>nitp<t Altivri Clundes — tbe 
'Landing of .Kneafl' and lho*Sa«rifioc (if 
ApoUij' — an- n"w in tlit* coUiKtion of Mr. 
VandprbiU. of Nt-w York, U.S.A. A land- 
scupi*, representing tbe embarkuiioa of the 
qneen of Shcba, vriis bought by Mr. Anget^ 
stoin, and aubaenuunlly bv the wiitiuii in lt!*J4. 
>'ngan »x)iibil<_-d ut tlie Uoyal Aciidtiur ibe 
three following portrnils: in 1812 'Children 
of Lord Ainher^t 'iSaraliand JtflVTvl.paimtd 
■t 1'H.lormo; 1^15, engraved in im-uotiiit fiy 
LlunkurU-n,' PurtniitBof Ladv Acton and he'r 
riiildreii:' IHIG, ' I'.irlrait of fnptnin Tlif- 
fonl.' At HolluodUousetbRrn is a portrait of 
Kliiab^lh, IjBdy IloIlantl.aiidatBayfonibury 
Park are Boveml worka by Fann. He mar- 
ried a lEonmn lady of great oeauty, whose 
Kirtrait he painted acreml Limes. Ilt'di«d in 
nmi-, 2lt Airg. 1816. leaving two children, 
Eiittnn and Ocnrgv, diplomatist, who diMj at 
Caracas iu 1(^99. Jtutuvi-n ISIJ and 1813 
FajjanwM at N'aplea, during which iierincl bo 
was uittcb L-ngugvl in eorraraondinj; with 
i^iltca Carolinr- of Niiplwt and Lord William 

July 1887). ^^ 

LPnval* iufbrmatJoB.] L. F. 

FAGO, Sin JOHN (<t. 1701>, colonel, 
was the sou of John Fagg of Kyo, Susti^x 
(son of John Fawg of Urennftt, Ktiit). by 
his matrioge witb Miaa Eluabetb Hndaon i 



(TtRBRY, CiAtntu Gew^alnfftM, Kent, |>. 962). 
During the cifil war he took sides with tbe 
Mrbninentandbeeameacoionel. He ut for 
ttye in the Long parliament. On ll>Juue 
uU:t he u9'i-red a luan of 1,0(10^ to parliririi'-nt . 
which bin Aittirt'bnjibcr-ln-law,Colou<l II'' r- 
)>rrt MorlfV, nnit autliuri»«d lo accept, lie 
was appointed a comtmasiooer to trv tur kin^, 
utid atlL^nded in tbe paitited cluuubvr on 10, 
12, end 13 Jan. It>l8-9,bnt otberwiMf bort' »(» 
part in the trial. <>n being noaiinaiwl one 
of the cooimitt(>(> for Sussex Ite rvfuiu:*! Ut 
munti'nnnce their propoeaU for 'n^hlinjf' 
the county. AVilUam Goffe [q. v.], in writ- 
ing to Tburloo from Lewe«, t Not. ItiiVi, 
states that he had omitted Fagg's name fruiu 
the comntisaion because he was 'Istrly ob> 
M*r\-i;d to bu too gralioui with diaBtr>.x'i*.xi 
men ; lieaidoN, will not stirr a baircA bivdlb 
withouti:oll.Morlpy"(Tm:KtOE,6"(a?ri%rppr», 
iv. llil), At tlir-flwlionof ia.'>4 l'"iiitK wa« 
reiunied ff»rth« county of Susaex,ann a.'iiin 
inl6rj*),when,bnwi:"ver,b*wa5nirt pi-rmiri...! 
to take hi* sirat [^LUft r>f ^f^■^mllfraof I'ltrti/f 
mfnt, O^nal Jiftuni, pi. i. p. flOfi). In ih? 
parliament of 16.'>f*-l)bcwa» n-tHruel !■ ■ i' ■ 
county. Urauibcr borough, and Uor-. im. 
when ht" eJL'cttJ to sit with Oolonel .Mo.-luy 
furlbo county (iifr.pt. i.p. 510). On 111 July 
of that v^r the council of ^la'f pitit'cd htm 
in c^>mm»nd of the f^usa^x miltlia. Ho waa 
direclvd to poysw-cinl rt'trarti t" the wcurity 
of Ohirhesti^r nnd .\r«ndi'l, and to pri'>nii&e nil 
who voliint^-ered for this senioe equal pay 
with the P.'gnlar ircvops while oclunUy undi*r 
arms. He wamilw toinaintAinaeorrei^j^'tt-j 
enCv with the annv and militia in ^ 
Surri'V, Hftiupshin.', and \Villabm' •' 
might be ocvnsiou, and 1o gi^o n 
teliigcncc to tho council of his pi _ ..^^ 
{Thi-nloe, vii. riij C^i. Stiifr J^perf, Ix-in. 
lll.'jH-(JO. n. WW), fie w^fuiMHl lo net with 
Hw-twcoa and i.ambert'a party, and for »t- 
trmnling l« raistr force* in 8umm'x to juin 
Ilaalerig and Mnriey in Porlamunth, hn wii» 
wixipd by Lieut enanl-c^lonel LagOf and vrnt 
priwncr t« Lonilon in Di^ember l(\'& i yUr~ 
rurwj> }'-J,tirt", 8-ir> Dec. 1659, p. MUl). The 
Rump, on being restored a fortnight after- 
wards, accord^-d him a special vou- of thanks, 
29 Uec. ( Omnikoa*' JouruaU, vii , 7Vtt ) . T» 
days later be was placed on tbe council 
•tatp {Ut. rii. 800). Fagg u»«l hi* ':: " 
nromnta the king's return, and wn 
Unmet 11 Dec. 1060. He «ro» oU.^, 
Sli.'yning,.SuAMix,in Marcli 1tf6I,aiid I 
seat dunngbi» life (Zuf«q/*.V«mW«e^J 
ment). In the election of I6BU-1 bewaa fo- 
tumcd for the county a» well m for Stivniiie, 
but pr^'fermd (<i re[ir»-wnL th<? lol; 
p. fioO). I''agg acquired tho estate 



SuMTx, irhicb bad Ik^'-ji aotil Ijy 8ir Tltouuia 
ftbftflvy [q. Y-j The heir of tho SbBrloya, 
Tlwnwisytiprlf^y, M.D. fq, v.], did his utinoat 
tn rrciWiT hb> Innt inncntftnc«, bAAJnif his 
clnim np^u t be sot tlement of the estate mode 
br Sir TUmiiiw Slierlcjf before hi» dixtth in 
>tfbru«rT ltUt-5, Uu suit vu, liowerer, 
uaaiii'ccn^ful, nnd od cnrrfiiig hd appeal tu 
tb< ■ * ■■ [ytrds tn IG/'I, h* wan urdi-wd 

in' i-dy of ihe ^tijvaot-ail-nrniii f^r 

^oi iTiTillye, Fftgg being a meimbcr of 
n. lliu uuill«r occMiooctl io vio- 

^dixpute between the boiueM, that thi> 
Idi^ waa It) conw^OMice cumiicUcd tu pix>- 
rojTUn this pari iaiDi*!!! on !!3 Nov. in tin* Miitin 
Twar ( Klwbb. IJattUt, Sec. of Wf^tfni A'ltMfj-. 
M- i. pp. SflTt, '^r ; CoKlnrrr, ■Vfn/« TriaU, 
vL llL'l-K«). Fftjrp died 1>^ Jao. 1700-1. 
li*- rti.-rr,.?.!, W March 1*M.\ Marj-, daughl«r 
mH: ' rlcyorfilyndt'.SuBBeXjbywhom 

bt- . a children. Ailnr her death ou 

I'U Is-jv. Iutt7 hf tnarrinl, »(.-con[lly, Ann, 
dau^-hn-r "f Philip Wfslou of Nuwbury. 
|U- • «hedied II May IfHU w-itU- 

!>!.! -jue. A fmt' full-lfiiplh portrait 

wf l&^'j; u pn-JMTvt.'d at Wiataii. 

[NoMo'ii I.iTM of thn Krglitih H/^eiiiM, i. 
20fl-T . W(itl'in'» Jtaroiiet'ii^-f^KtmWr iind Jolin- 

Oil. Siau Papers, Horn. ICftil.l. p. 347, 1661-2. 
p. »3 ; Wood't AtiuoK Oxoii. (BIim), ii. 498, 
tr. T7; will rr~'=-^-' '-- CC.C. 89, D^m; Su'»c<x 
ArrlMH>lD^icHl ' . vols. t. xii.: W. Dur- 

rani C«.".'|*r'ii r ^ I rSum-i; Will of Jijbii 

¥*&. rfci. {P. C C. fl7, Kivi>r»); ThuHoir'n Swio 
Paper*, r. 466, 490; Erdj'ii'a Diary (WhmtloyJ. 
iU.17:-«3.1 Ci.O. 

FAOOE, CHAJ{LES HILTON" (1838- 
]t^~ inn, iM>o of Charles Fagg^, a 

tn' Tilioner, and nephew of Jc^in 

U , wiu l»jrii at Hythu in Kml ou 

S(i. - Knggfi i-<»ti!r«j' Quy's Ho^pitAl 

tu>.>>li.-.Al -i-]iLi'}|in UcLoher 1U50, and inJ'NjD, 
at tbi- flrxT M.H.i^xaminationat thc-iinivi-Tflily 
nf I .imdon, gained xhtea AcHolarihi]» and gold 
oirrlalfi.an alnimt tinjDara1l('le>l diKtinctiou ; in 
1861, at the Bnal M.B. examinutirin, hi- f^iiiiKrd 
•cli^lanilups and gold medal* for ineiUcii)^ and 
for phraioiofrr, nnd n gold nii>dal for surgery. 
jnl^if;!!!-? trniduiiUHiM.il., in IHOl kt-auiua 
"•70 a fellow of the Koyal 
I ins. AlWr beini; drmon- 
y fiwm 186:* t.i IHllll, 1-agire 
.nedical rvgiatrtu- of Guy'a in li^lH, 
Ipityatciiui in Iljtt7,and physirinn in 
lie waa for Homx yoar« di^mt^nHtmNtr 
of morV.id unnroniT. lecturer on patholocy, 
•II' iiiu*i-uin lit Ouy'a. lie for 

aoM i ib^ 'Ouv'« Uo^pittil 1U>- 

|MrU,' «ud ui il>e lioio of his death wwt 
In modiciiMi to Uw tuivenit; of 








l^iiiilcm. For abuiit a year and a ludf he bad 
sufTen^d from aneuryBin of the aorta, but lui 
coutinii<^ to woHc on hi* Irenlis*! on raedi^ 
cini;, which had occupied him for twoWe yean 
or more, lie had been occupied for many 
hours on tho Ia«t day of hU life in readinff 
oxominai ion papers, wheuhe wit8»eiKL*d wiib 
ditticulty of breathin);;, and died in half an 
hour on 18 Nor. 1863, at bia hoube in. Gro»- 
venor Street, tn his fortj'-eixth year. 

As a consulting phyaician Fogi^ wn« ra- 
pidly riving to tbc frvtil rncik, owing to htH 
nfmarknhle painstaking in the investigation 
of i-av^eB. Ilia originul pu^wrs and hi* ' Prin- 
ctjilwnnd Pmeticrdf .Mcdidiie,' puljlL*htTd in 
IkH6, with imnorlant additioiu by l>rt. Willm 
aiid pTiJ-Siuith, the latter having iililed t.ho 
work, plaee him hi(,'h among raiDtribumre to 
tilt' scioiitiBc advancement of medirini*. \\n 
was an oMomplLshed clinical physician nnd 
a palbuloKiat wf very wide gnLB|^ a thinker 
cnimhie of gathering with infinite patii^ncu 
fuels from aU qiuirtvrs,UHlor arranging them 
with i^ingular iikill >o aa to make ooscure 
points cUar. Ap a tea<Jier lie wu ncciimte, 
iniuilU'iHnd miioh vnliii-d. H« tmiislnled the 
tir»t Tolumn of IIf^bm'H work on ciitaneuua 
dlaeasea into Eiielish for thf NVw SydHtibam 
Society, and clnasiiu'd and catalogufd the iii- 
raluubU' i*erit's of models of eiiii diwa*!'* in 
Iheinuaeum of Guv's Hospital. He eonWi- 
huU'ditevvT&l valiiflblu papers ou slcin diseaaea 
to th« 'Gny'a Uoapital Itoport?,' the moat, 
important bt^ing 'On 8eleriu«is and Allied 
A ni-ct ions,' 18(17. An admirable artielo on 
• Intestinal Obelructi<m ' apj»an>d in t he samti 
repurta in ]!*0H. Ui" nrtjclti on 'Valvular 
Disease of tiiP- H.>nrt ' in Reynolda's ' System 
of Medicine' (vol. iv.) is a mu»lorIy one; 
others on ' Mitral Gontmction,' ' Aeute IHla- 
Inlion of the Stomach,' 'Abdominal Ahacess,' 
andonTibrpidlliwuseoflheHeiirt'ClVan^ 
actions of the Patholof^cal Society,' x.\v. (M- 
9§), am ncarteiy lew notable. In conjuncii<iii 
with Df.Thomaa Stevcn5on,ie made n merit's of 
research L-g on thi* ojipliciition of physiological 
I.--t« for digitaline and other poison* (Prwi. 
Hoy. &c. 1865; Ou^tUv'qnUilki-port*, IHOO). 
But an Bccoimt of lh« ■iibject* on which ho 
wrote original and valuable papi-re would ira- 
Terse moch of the most int««ir«(inj» ^ound in 
medicine. The' Lanct'l 1880. i.lWldeseribca 
bia 'Pruiciplt'sand Practirt' of 31ed>cine' aa 
' one of the most fcienliHr and philosophical 
wurk» of its kind, l>eing in truth a mme of 
vtinieal and pat lloloi;l<l^a! fuCT.it, whirhare dealt 
with in 80 maiterly a uamicr that we know 
not which tn ndinire iiio^t, the patient labour 
and thought expended in hrin^ng them to 
light, the leamiug and aenmt'ri that illuat rate 
them, or the calm and judicial ^irii in which 



^ 



Fagius 



T*0 



•ahey 



tliey are Mtimated uid rriliclaptl.' A Mooitd 
odilion appeopctl in 1888. Fagge wu of 
miiMle Ijcigltt. particularly nuiet and unns- 
Bumini; in munnf r,Bnd much boloTftd by tliosi- 
wtoknewiiimwi-ll. H.ilcft awidawomliwo 
(lat^len. A broDse tablet has b«en nrM^t^d 
to Sis memoty in the miueam aS Oaj's 
HosfHtal. 

[Gu/'e Hospital RvporU, 1894, xiiii-xzxi.; 
LdDM-t, IS8». ii, 073. 1886.1.20.69,' BnL M<k1. 
Jounwl, 1883, ii. IMG; Modtcal Timto. IBS3, 
ii. flli.l G. T. B. 

FAOIUS,rAUL(1504-ir,49),divnin,w)ii 
of IVt'T Uiichldn, achoolmafltrr of lUieioxa- 
btni in thv Palatinate, and Mur^nrel ilimin 
of n«i(ic!!hfrff, wa» bam in 1504, and at th-.-- apt- 
of ple\-ea leu hie fatliur'x scliool for lU-id'^U 
Iwrc, wltpri' hi' nfudipt] under John Itrontius 
ana Miiritn Frpcktua. From flvidvltturu at 
about the oat of «ight«cn Im tvmoved to 
Strasburg', wnero he gave lecMoe to &u]ipurt 
hinwelf. At Stra«burg he wa» lhi> ptipil of 
Wolfnna Capito. a famous rTttlimisI , and b«- 
camo luiimattt with Uuccrand oib<jr Iwamed 
rrfonner*. In loli? he uc«!ptcd tlift past of 
Kchonlmnfilt'r at Ism« in Suubittt vliero hi? 
marmul. In ]ft.'t7, after two yean' prepara- 
tory Bludy at Straalnirg, ho und«r1ooft the 
dutiea of pruttor at Irite, and dihtiu(iui!>lied 
liimM-lfforflofjiifTncf and leal. In l.'J4l,whi'u 
lene waa vinited by the plagui>, lun itKuinpli) 
and exhortations provcnted tlu> de^rrtton of 
the town by thencherinbabitnnt«. All ihL^ 
time he was actively improvinj; himsfilf in 
Hebrew ; be induct^ the celebrated mbbi, 
Klias Lflvita, to come from ViMiif* to hrlp 
liim in hia otiidicic, and by the generosity of 
Peter BiilUer, nt-uiiturofuni>, he vraa enabVtd 
to Htablish a licbrew printing-prMH, vliich 
pufaUfihod many worlu viJuablv to oriental 
vcholari. 'Ilieie publicationa gave FogiuR a 

Siat n-iiutation as a Uubnist, and in \T>i->, 
pi to baring diwi at Sinuburgof the plopu^ 
the aenate inviti^d Fagiu« to (ahe but place 
as professor of HebreKr; alnu^t nt thi? Aame 
timo the town of Coiuitanoe adied liim to 
succeed the eloquent paator^ John Zwiclt, 
while the landgravo of ITwbw olTvrwl him 
the chair of theolooy at Marburg. Ka|;iu» 
»cc<:pl«d the port of paator at CotiHtanet^ for 
two years, and in 1644 went to Stnsbarg as 
Oapito's auccPMOr ; but in 1546 Frederick II, 
the ftlectnr palatine, invited him to Huidwl- 
b»rR to aid the party of tin' rvfonuation in 
that univeTsJty. Fagius published several 
works while at Ueidelberg-.but lo«t hii- fntht-r 
in 1^18, and tlic triumph of i\\f t^mperor 
over tbe elector bt^OQ to moke the uoeilion 
of OOnspicHDiis rvlnnnera exewdiniily dnn- 
gortHts. Uaving refuMtd lo obuy thu lst«iiiu. 



he waa depoard witji Uuci^r from his o(fic««,j 
and accepted in l&49th*' invitation of Arch-' 
biabop Cranmer and the lord protector (4 
romc to England. lie arrivi^ in Knglaod 
in April and xtnvtHl fur Mime muiitliH 'with 
th>^ urHibi^hop, till a quartan fever attaekit) 
him : he was removed tu Cambridgi' on Ti Not; ^ 
in the hope thnt the chnngr' of sir might bal 
boae6t:ial, and died there in tbe arms of Ituver 
on 13 Not. 1649. TTie dnle i- lixwi hy tho 
Statement in thu'Vdra HiMoria'tliat Faeius 
diwl OB thu Ides of NoTembor. Fsgiiia Bad 
been appointed render in II>:ibrew at. Oiun- 
bridge, and had written portions of a courso 
iif Wtuntiou laaiah, when the fever attacked 
him. On 2& Sept. he was auigned a mtUHon 
of 100/. p>T annum hy the king. He was 
buried in St. Michael's Church in Csmbridgv. 
but his body wiw •?thiinun:L in Qtujfn Mary's 
reign and publicly huml. Tlir^e years lat«r, 
OR Q.ii9eii Kituilielh's accMsion, his botKiiirs 
wervi formally and publicly reMored, Feb. 
1557. ^F')r i'urthvr particulani see DfCEH.] 

[Vita PniUi t'atrii, Thm>l»gi pittato ntque lio- 
gn»nim ('■>gnitinn«' cuy-IIcaciiHinii, pr^r ininistrcM 
aliqunL Ei'cloua ArHBotiam. «»ro «L brevil«r 
dtFcripla. )irioied in u bosk euiitlcd ' Hi»fjria 
Virrn: da vita, obitu. sepuitora, aecoaslioaa 
ba.Tc">E<i«. . . . D. Martini Buceti etFaaU Fh^ii 
. . .' SlmsburK. iM. This book wu «ditM 
by Conrsd Unlwrt, Ducer'A secretary : it coo- 
fniuM n liitl of all Fagiui>'»nuincn)us worlu. which 
ia primed in ittrypo's .McmorjaU of Arefabishop 
Craninar. p. 8I.V Tha part of Hubert's book 
wltich r«lf>ta« to the burning rrnd rostitulioo of 
hoiiimm tnu tmiwljiled into En^Iiih by .Arthur 
OotJrn?, ami pnblinWI id IiOaijan in 1663. 3m 
lulxii M^I<;hior AriAm'i Vjur Tkeolo([arum, I'rank- 
furt, 1705; Noavi-lle Dingraphie Qiointlo, rol. 
ZTU. ; Cooper's Atheas! CantabrifiaiMca, i. 9.S; 
AUfremHoe druUcIie Bioxrapliie. rot. vi.; Uaaif's 
La Krani'e Prolemanta, Fans, 1862, ii). 71 : and 
the iodex to Strype'it works tmdw * Fagias.'] 

R. B, 

FAHEY, JAMKS {18(M-1SB6>, water. 
colour painter, watt boru at Paddiogton. then 
avilln^'^ near London, in April t^U.nnd at 
first fitudied engreving under bia uncle, Joht 
8waine. .\ft*'rw«rdit h" h«*canip a puptl 
Ooorgn Jkliarf, and ihen went lo Parii*, wht^r 
he studied from the life, nnd made full- 
drawing* of dipMCtions, which be reprodn 
on ^lone for the use of nnatomicnl c«tudi'iii:! 
Ilia earlicflt exhihitMl work, a ' Portrait of i 
young Quuil«nan.' appuart'd at tha Rovs 
Acad«my in I^'J5, and was followMl in \&'J 
by drawmgH of the diurrh of i^U .Tacrjues 
Ifi^'ppe Hud the cathinlral of Notr«»-T)«me 
Pans. Between this time and I8.TB he roni 
Iributed aevetnl purtraits and landscapes it 
watei'-coloars lo thf i-xhihiiinntor tlir Roya 
Academy, tbe Brilisli lustitution, and 



i 




Society of nritiah ArtistH. Mpnowbile thi? 
fautnt ifsdf Englinb sevnvry kii Kim In* iltf);m« 
to JrTott? hitoftclf (Ttclusivi'lv I^ Undfcapc 

FkitiliD^, and in WM he joii»> J the A*«ncin.t<tl 
uni«r« in \Viit.»r-0>Iuiir*, out of which was 
fomx^ in 1835 tin; New Society of I'sint-rw 
in WAier-Colours (now the Itoyal rmtiliiUt 
of PaiottfT* iu WaLur-Culours), which held 
iU fir>t three cxhiMlion^ id ICxet^r Hull, and 
to l83f< removed lo Tall Mall, when Fahtty 
bpcame he »ix-n-tury. Tiiie uflicv be holil 
Hittil l>^r4, and diachar^fd it* duties witli 
Wicb tact and devotion. IIi« works, mutttly 
landicaiMt compwitiim*, in irhirh Im Jduto- 
ducad nifurea luid groupa, were M)ldom abacnt 
from its exbibitiotu, and bis oHtcinl iw>rvii»-jt 
■w*^- '-"'• -iTrjnwilhput itiiy nmuaermtioo. 
In '', and lU.^? be again aent land- 

,„ .. .11^3 lo th<> Itoyal Acadeny,and in 
m« Kppuiiit<.-d dniwing-moMer at the 
nyTnylora' Schoo!, fromwhiclipoM ho 
nrttred with' a puasion after t.wiiuty-sev«ti 
««ars* Mr^-ic£. tie abtu paintvd occaBionfllly 
01 nil, and exhibited two pietiirea at th** 
British Instiliuion in 18S] nml 18^2. Kniify 
died atTbe iiranee, Shenhftrd'B Kiiah OrBeti, 
L(iodoa,ll Dec, l!<WA. Uisson, Mr.t^lwrmi 
Unary t'Ah«y, it well known •» a (lainKT in 
w«t«r-coloun, 

[Athonauin. 1895, ij. SU; I Ua.'itrai«d tendon 
Newh za Dec iSSh. wilh ptrUait ; Kxliibition 
Cat«lafpHa of the Roj-al Amdcmy, itritiBli In- 
■UtUton. Society of Hritish Artist*, nnd Now 
flodc^vf Moiorain'Wiitei^Coloun. 182^-81.1 

H. K. G, 
PAHIE, 8iK Wn.UAM OIIAItLI-S 
(170&-183.')|.vicL>^dtDiraI,<)f tin IriKb fiimily 
MTtllM at Hi. (Jlimtiiphi-r'x, wli^rt? hiH fafhir 
w*« jiidjii? of the viri^-admiralty fourt, cn- 
Ut">1 thf novy in 1777, ud board I liu Si--afurd, 
witJi Captain C^olpoyx, and iiflt-nvanlN in tlu^ 
Iloyal OporiTf". ui (frtober IT/l) ha wne ap- 

ST > 8«ndwir-h, bearing lh« fliig of 

ir < . -:lnfT,aiidwiist>re0eiitatthedi>- 

l«a( uf l^ii^unof^CapeSt A'lncent.aad in (he 
Mfcrrtl actMrui with TV Citiichcnon 17 April 
and U> ■I'd Hi May 1780. In Aiinunt I7t»0 
ho vtM a)ipoint(^'d acting lit-at^nant of tho 
Jill' ':ich bowuproMHic ialboactioo 

mR " ou 3S April 17HI. and at Ut. 

ChT 'n :;(J Jan. lfSl>. Un account 

of .nowh-dtfi! In* wiw hfliTwiirdi' 

•etr 'inmunii'Bte with the g&r- 

ris' Hiil.wid on the socond 

^ .jj..i.tilit lo rff^in his xhip — 

pntontr lo Ben ni ver>' Bbort notice 

:! i>u, SiHrct.. Vls*y)PS7^ — he gave 

liimn-.U' up lo lite Kr*!nch gutural, but was 

jMTuiiltdd l'.idi-|Mir1. Ilpfvjuiued the UiibmII 

at Ht. Liu-ia. and wili jTiMeiu io tliu actions 

. lo Uvwanl uf Di'iniuii-a OB 9 and 12 Ainil. 



In January 1763 bo was coolirmed in the 

I ntuk uf lieutenant, but ruinaiiwd with bia 
' family ul St. Chrifltopher's till the outbtnak 
iiftJip war with France in 17!^% whoa he was 
Btipninred to the 7><'brA aloop with Captain 
Ilobert Faulknor [q. v,], in which he took 
tMTt in thi- brilliant auatilt on Fort ICoyal. 
Sir John Jervis oDnwqueotly •pp«iiii«d liiui 
to the flaeship, tho Ooyne, aoa on & Auff. 
promot«d nim to hv oommander of the Wool- 
wich. On '2 Feb. 17W be wm poU-ei to th« 
cammnnd of the Pcrdrix of 'J'2 guns, in which 
liu cuuttiiUL-d unt il i^lio vfon paid ufT iii August 
17UH. In 1804 Fahi« was avain sent out to 
the Wwt ludias in cummanJuf thti Uyrona, 
from yrliicii, in IHOo, bf wok inovad inio tht* 
Amelia, and a(,:iiin, in 1B06, into the Ktlia- 
lion, in which »bip!u> ajwi«tt>d at the capture 
of the Ooniiib Wiist Indid inlands by Sir 
Alexander Cochrane in l>i?ceniber iH07. In 
Norembor 1806 he was appointed to the 
Belle Isle of 74 ^uns, one of (be aquadron 
which reduced Martinique in February 1800. 
H^ afturwank i-xcluui|:vd with Conunudore 
Cockburn into the Pompfie, rimplovnd in 
April 1809 in the blockade of three French 
aIiijh which had Hnobiimd in thn rondslL'ad 
of the Saintes. On the ni|fht of 14 April 
they put to wa, cl'j^uly followed by the 
I [asard and Tlncruit aloops and the I'ompffc, 
the rest of the sqiuidron beioj; at a conaiocr^ 
abb-: diMance. Tho eha»c conlinupd during 
the l>'5th. At nightfall the Freuch aliip« 
separated; the Pomp^c and her little cou- 
Htirls ntlnch-*d I luiuiM-lruM to (lie HuutiMult : 
and, maialytttrough the [wmUtouL galtaiilry 
of Captain Charlca Napier [(\. v.] of the Ro- 
4n'iiit,a«Kiiit>^l townixU I bf cIo'x> by thvC'aslor 
frijrtit'-, brought her lo action about four 
o'clock on the mumine of the I7th,and cap- 
tured )w-r aftmiHhitrjii.'oniliiit lantingan honr 
andnhalf(JAHK8,.Var./riV/.18t]0,r.l9). In 
the following Akiguxt I'ahie wah appointed 
to :hp Kautp'tiilt, which bad been coiumiit- 
noned aa the Aberci^imhy ; in November hi"! 
waa ordered to wear a brond pcnnaut . and in 
Fi;bniary 1^10 astistud in ihu rwiuctiou of 
Guorlfloape, from which he waa aent bv 
Cochrane to taku po«M»sioo of St. Jlarlia s 
and St. KuAtatiiu. In Juna he .<uiikd for 
England in cbarse uf araliuble convoy, and 
the Abercromby having betn rr>fiUed, in l)p- 
oembar he joined the flag of Sir Ocorgn 
JJkrkeley at Lisbon. During tbe throe fol- 
lowing v^ar* he commandrd tbp .MwrcrombT 
in the Cluinnel and the ilay "f Biacay, an^ 
tnl8l6wasappotnted lot he .Malta, which, on 
thu liMaiM; of Ronapartn from Klba, wait sent 
out to trie Mediterranean, wbire Fabie wan 
innployed fur some monthx a« senior officer 
un the cua8l of Italy, a avrvice fvr which tb« 



Fairbairn 



Fairbairn 



l[m(^ of tli« Two Strilit-i iiominatM liiiu a. 
fommiiDdur of tb« order of St. honlinaod 
and Ment. Fabie aluinM ttoK rank on 
12 Auf;. 1^10, nnd tn Jitniuiry 18^ vim ap- 
pointviil cnmituuidtfiMn-cliiHf on the Leeward 
IbIkikU atation, from which in tbo foUowiog 
year bewns wnt tolltilirai. Wilb tbo cIom 
of bin cnmrnflnd, in Se|)t(<inb«>rlA24,hi9 active 
Mreer terminared. laOclolwr ho waa oomi* 
oaled a K.C.U., nnd b<'ciun<« tt virv-admiral 
on m July IrCiO. In bin intArvnb of half- 
pny, and on hi» rr-tin>inent., he liTed almiwl 
ontinrl}- in ili« West Indicn. whrr* h« died, 
at IWiniKla.oQ 11 Jon. lt*X.\. He was twice 
married, first, to Elisabeth It^nin Hoylip-r. 
daughli.T of Mr. WilUdin Hi^rligi-r <}f Ht. 
Kiutatiua; and aecondlr, to Vary Katbcr 
Harvej, daughter of toe Hon. Aujcu^tiui 
'WnUnm Harvcj, ntitubor of council of B^r- 
miida. 



[llaIf«'H S»v»1 Biog. IT. 34; Marsbala Koy. 
IT. Btug. ij. (rol, i. pt ii.) 7lA.] J. K. L. 



NaT 



FAIRBAIRN, P.VTRICK, P.I). (leOS- 

]R74>. tbi-olnf;itiii, >Kint on 'JS Jan. iBOTi, at 
HallTbnrton in the pariah of Greenlav,Ikr- 
wick«hirf, w«» am of .lulin Kairbttirn, n far- 
tner. Aftfrsome education (It parish nchoiilji, 
be entered tbo university of tidiubur^b in 
1818, and bfrCamo tutor in tlnv familr of the 
Kttv.TliooiasJobnstoDe of Dairy. Infltieneed 
greatly by his mothi.T, h«- t!ntiT«d on the 
usual course of etudy for the niini«m-, and 
was licfDBed to pivach in I8'.1t. lit? sjient 
8011M; timu as tutor in ibu family of Caj'lain 
Balf'iiir, a hirge! pr<i|trii-tor in Orkni'v, and 
in iK.'iO be waa presented by the crown to 
tho parlianienlnry |iari*h of Norlli R<>nald«> 
hnv in I he ( >rl<u<iy lalaiidti. The iirsijilr 
hail Ibe reputation of being wild, and even 
' wrwkerM, but a ni»rk<.-d impniv^ment wii» 
(iffpflnfl thmui^'h FhirljaimV dpvot<sl laljonr^ 
At the same lime b>7 mrrivd on a careful 
course of specific study, and f^inod a tborous'h 
iiouuiunt«ac« with ]lebrvwand4.h-nnan. In 
18S6hfiwaBlnui!latvdloRnil^on,Gla.ifrow, 
whvrvoMi'of the m-wchurdu-it, (.Twlcd tindur 
1 hf niifpiees of Dr. Cbalmero. had b<*n placid, 
and in 1^0 to Saltun lu Kaal Lolbiau. the 
pflrixb of wbt«h )>r. (lilbi-rl. Hurn>-t had lin-n 
minister. Atladied to the priur-ipleo of the 
free church, Fairbairn left the establiHlied 
church in \M^. and baumiv ininiii1(T of thv 
IWecbureb in liie aamo parish. In It^l'* and 
llU7 be published Ihoflnt and SM^ond volumes 
TUpeclivcly of a work eotitlnl 'The TS-jto- 
logy of SLTipture,' tlw? dnai^n of which waa 
to scttlu dcfinilo iirincipira for the interpra- 
talion ofthb aymbidii-al |iartB of thi' Biblv. 

hi \i*&& Fairbairn w*ns amminled bv the 
gvuarai Mwambly of tbu free ouurcb proFivesor 



(if divinily in their lht>ol(i|;ioa] eoltvfia al 
Abeidi'eiL While Iw was m this offi 
uniTeriitT of Gtaagow conferred on 
de^M) of P.D. In IBM hs wu In 
to the free church college of Qbuffow, and 
4 Nov. he 'wssappoiDtcdpnneiiMl. In 1 
hv was vlvctol moderator or tb^ gvty 
8»9embly. In }M7 hn «*aB ajipainenrone t 
a deDiilution to visit prwsby terian churches i 
the United Stales. He wa.* oni: of tli^ cm: 
pony for ivviwng the Old Tefitameni Bcri]»- 
tures, attended moet of the me^tin^lill near 
his death, and bestowed on bL^ work mu 
can.*ful <iiwlv. He died verir' suddeiUy n 
the ni/fbt o^ 6 Aug. lt*74. He was twSo<J 
marrii'd. (irM. on i" «artb l^'l3, to -MarKar^t 
Ilavfnir I'ilcaim, who died D l>ec. l«oi'. 

[''uirbaim was one of the most sTrlvmatic, 
laborious, and ix-m'viTing of niuilent*. In 
ronnwtioii with Clark's 'Biblical Cabinet' 
and ' Foreiffn Theological ].,ihn»ry' bv traxw- 
lat«d in whole or in part sei'eml worka from 
tlie (.terman, the most important ot which 
were nenfp»tL>Db«rg'a 'Commentary on the 
l^udutSi'und the Mine author's ' Commr^ntGrr 
on the Itevelalion of St. John.' li ( 

to his * T^-polopj- of Sciipcuni,' he [■ 
1. '.TonaL.hi* Life, fliaracter, utiJ JUvnuu,' 
1S19. 2. ' Ezekiel. and the Book of hb Pm- 
pbecy,' 18&1. S, ' Prophivy, viewi-d in its 
I)i«tinctiv>> Xature, itJ^ spedal Puni^ionnand 
Propt'rluivrpretation,'l)*50. 4. 'nermeow 
tica! Manual, or Introduction to tbo ( 'ritic. 
Study of the Scripjuna of the New Te»la-' 
ment,' 18o^. d. 'The Kevelution of l.itw in 
Scrimure,' being the Cunuinfiham Lectuns 
for 1»W. R. ' The I'astomI Kpiatl** of St. 
PauI,'lW4. 7. ' Pastoral Thwlopy: a Tnv- 
tise ou thv Ulllc-.- and Dutiet- of t he Christ Ian 
Paiitor'tpiBthumouo), H76. Fairbairn lik'^ 
wise discliargml tlie luburiatts oBicfl of udil'W 
of thv ' Imperial Hibl« Dictionary,' and con- 
tributed miuy important atliueB to tb« 
work. 

In his exc^ticul works Fairlioim »how 
not a little of the awiduity of the (Jenua 
controtlMl, however, by cautious judgm^, 
aud profound regiM for the a»*tt*ni oft-vai 
irclical doctrine, lie waa f.-^ •■ra 

amutift bis friends fur tbo u; - Q 

p'nuinenes.4 of his cJiaracter, hi- ini'ndl 
disposition, nod iinal&cUKL bearing. Uf 
Terj' powerful plivsiCKl frame and roinninn 
ing appearanrt;, \/; wan alwaTS ri'ady fi 
the humblest acts of service, and m a pi 
feMOr waa alike honoured and loved k^ 
nudenls. 

(Seal's Fasti. pt, t. 41 Ul 2, pL Hi. M : W 
•kctcb pTcdiod to I^aMteml Tlwulunr, liy 
Bar. JamM Dodda ; pcraooal ksraMifaJ 




Fairbairn 



'23 



Faii'bairn 



¥ 




PAIRBAIRX, Sib I'ETER (i;iKI-1861), 
eegiaf^r uad iuventor, ^ounceat brotlier of 
fiir William l-AirlMUTit L<J> T-Jt '"'''* bom it 
Krlf*) in Ruxburffbaliiri: m Smteinber 1799. 
Hi< bad little nltii-Ation, mid itta htLer ob- 
uuned A aitnntian for bim in \^l 1 in iLc I'crcy 
Wxin cuUivrr «t Ni-wcawtle-wn-Tyiir!. Fur 
Uuvn yMn ]'et<T continued Bt Perry Main, 
uutil, Nt tbp flge of fourtuBii, lip wu ajipivu- 
ticwl to ■ miirwriijtil- imd rngint-.T in Nitw- 
ctnlo, for which Itufiinntw ho KeemiMl I0 faAve 
apacnliAr 'bent.' I It> walked every dny from 
p. . "' ■" tlf.iind the"l>rcaltf«st- 

eii *liU i^reeervfd l>ythe 

£unuy. I'Mrnii^ iim upprcnticeehip ho RUkdo 
t^BoquuntaDci.- uf Mr. ilMldswoith Qf Ul&»- 
pTV, H oiectuuiic, ft well-known constriic- 
lor (if outton madilntin,-, imdvr wlium bu wu 
plATod *» fi>n-ninn,i:ll imnli-h- b<'in^u{>pointad 
treVPllcT to the firm. In \H-J\ he left Str. 
Hold««rOTth's wn-ice to lnUr 11 r-il.untifin on 
thfi oontineot. In I-'raoce ha reroaiiied a 
tvelvciiKiQth, Bcquirins" a twlinii-Kl knnw- 
J«I^ of the native iniin^^In^ and nfl^r s 
■tmilu neriotl in th^' AloiicLrater e&tabliab- 
metil of his brother Wiliiau accepted u pnrt- 
nanfajp with hi« furmvr employer, Uoldd- 
wnrtb. lu \S:>H he l«ll Ulas||^W and began 
bnnDBM in Lcfdf ne u machinu niaktT. H« 
Wd no irajntal; but. 1.4^-(U wk' Ihxu in thn 
tirai flush of ita tn&nufact urinjr proHperity. 
Fairbairn had already dovuliv! n pnmt •Im} iif 
ftlti-nii'in tfi ll&v-i>pinninfr mnrhineTy, which 
lud b«en developed in Leeds by (.iirard, a 
Frvnch invcnt^ir. l-'iiirhatri) Mipfpi'sKyl an 
ininntvt>iiu>tit by which the process was aim- 

iQr«l and a (^>at auvin^t etbvU-d. lie ffO- 
lo «»■' ■■' ■'"<■ -r^'ntllf* iiwii«d<)f forty, 
to *ub"i - for thf old ' falleri ' 

'pilU.' J ' ■._! .son.aGlft.^iiiow worlt- 
man, joiuw) bim in pcrf<.>c<in)i lh<.^ luitcbiiif, 
which wiw comstTuclciJ undtr (Treat ditticid- 
ti«8 ia a small room in Uidy L^nv, Ixi-dfi. 
Mr ManJiKlt, a pnKuint'nt lutal flnx-^piiuiir, 
|ir(uni!w^ tu rv^nlice hhi old inochiam witli 
Fairbaim's a» fiist aa ihpy n»idd b«* tnmii! 
0111. Fairbairn said thai, ho had 'noiiher 
woTk«hn|i nor moo^y.' Marshsll th>avupoii 
BOOnura^!^ him to talic the 'WcUinptnn 
foundry at llu* Ni-w Itoad Kud, which niu 
then tu let. Fairluuni'it enertfy soon mnde him 
iadvpcitdiml of Maruhnll'ti f^upp'jrU Furihvr 
in-.] 1 "1 wi-r*« iiilrodiiowi. Ho con- 

Ft. illoti K« utdl iH flax mAchinury 

Ti ...,,(,....; 1,',- hi*iroprov**uimlain 

tn I oc a notnhlo force in 

til 1 , c maniifaclurm. Hie 

ill in tbu rovinft-frainc, and bis 

a-lij . : what ia known aa the' difler^n- 

tial tnotiim ' lo it, hia tuii-t^'-ut m working lh« 
' Htvw gill ' DHiijoti, and hill introduction of 




thi: rotary gill, were all important fudon ia 

tho growth of mcchaaical efficiency. Hi» 
invirntious includvd maehinea for pi«|«rin^l 
and bpinntng silk wu^te, and impiTtremeiita 
ill toacliinnry for making rone yani. 'Tim 
art of conRtructinfT Mi^neenng tooU waft 
aftfrwanlK included in tbv indiutnal fabri- 
cation .i of thft Wi'llinptnn fouadrj-, and the 
Crimean war gave aii imjict iih to tnis branch 
of tbu biiHtnPM, He roiiatructed lari^ ma- 
chini^ii, titiltiii.'il at Woolwich and Kntiuld, 
for the purposes of ciittia||[, twisting, boring, 
and tearing iron and steel ; cannnn-rirlinff 
niachin«», milling macliine?, pinning and 
alotcing machines, &c. lli-t foundry Imd be- 
couh: a friuauiic ctmcern bvfori' hie dualh, on 
4 Jan. Idbl. FairlMim wiM a piiblic-tipirilMl 
and highly respected cilieen of Letnk. In 
18Brt he wftjt <-iectf>d to tho town c<)uncil, in 
which ha iiat. until 1^)2. miigning in lluiC 
ypiir on account of the inereaaing demands 
of bin hufunrM. In ^t<^t^ he wix» elected an 
alderman, and, after being appoiutiiHl u ma- 
giitratf, was mayor in lHn7~ti and 18>V>-0. 
The town ball was opened by cho qu><i>D uud 
tho priiicie consort durin([ hia niavoTalty,aiid 
Fairbairn, who distinguished himself a^ a 
host, recivt-d Llie hountir of knightliood. 
During; his mayomlty the Itrilioh AasociatJon 
vixiti'd I..freil)<, Ho pniwntvd to tin.* town 
hall, at a ccfit of l,U(X)f., a atatua of the 
i]tii.«>n by Nobli*. The inbabitant« of Leeds 
siih.icrih^d for a portrait of Fairbaini hy Sir 
Frannris Grant, which hanga in tho council 
chamber, and for a bronxo atalue of him b^ 
Nohle. Fairbairn wu.s twice married, hw 
tirat wife, hr whom be had out* mm and two 
danghturs, being Margaret, daushtcr of Mr. 
lOjbert Koumtdy of Glaifg^jw; lilie dii-d in 
\^i:t. In If=l5& be married Ibicliel .>Viinc, 
fourth daughter of Mr. R. W. Brindling, 
wliOKiirrlvr.'d him. 

[Lifeof SirVr.Fairfmim; BainVit Yorlwhirc, 
Pait and Present ; Fortnns inade in Bu*ii»«ii ; 
IVmoo's lliMury uf I<eodf, Bradford, WalioC«.ld, 
&c.. 1810; loml iiewi'piipon^ &e.] J, H-y. 

PAIKBAIRN, Sib WILLIAM (1783- 
18" J), ciiginctr, wai^ bom at Kel«o, liox- 
burjthshire. on li* I'Vb. 1789. llis father, 
Andrew Fairbairn, was a fann-acrrant and 
au expert ploughman : had been iwpree«<ii 
durini,' tho American war, and on return- 
ing to Scotland marriud tbe daughter of 
a Jftdbiirj^h tnidvmiiaii, named Ilmdrrunn, 
hy whom tut had five ^ildren. Mrs. Faiiv 
bairn, thougli a dwlicate woman, was a good 
hnuBi^wifi", and till IfltU itpun and manufac- 
tured till the clothes of the family, William 
learnt his letleM from onu ' bowed Johnnie 
Ker,' oikI acquired a lititu nritbmvtic and 



Fairbairn 



»»* 



Fairbairn 



'elementary knowledge at cbe fMrinh Khoal. 
HJK fsthiT rnrmed three handred u-res for n 
time under I^rd Scftfortli with the n««i«- 
aooe vf the €lder cbitdrvn, wiiiU- William 
had to tAk« ciiro of bu di^licaU! brotb«r, 
Peter [q. t.I To save thu trouble ot carry- 
iiu; the child he coiMiniciMd h 'wagtiti' wiih 
a KV simple tooU, nnd llion look to linildiiiif 
brrnt« and litUe lailU. Ik aflt.Tw«rdB hnd 
A litlli; plain schooling at Mullocliy. under 
a Sir. iJonald Fruser, and tben learn: book- 
ht-eping under an uncle who kwpt n (whool 
at unln«liic[e. Wlir-u fourteen y<«rs old he 

C' it-d Iiis fiimily al Kslso, wber^ tbey had 
n settled by tbp fAthor, wlo was mnnng- 
iug H furm ni^ar Ko&r<>4>boro{igti. William 
ffol i'mjilfiynii^nr at Ha. n wetk, until ho wait 
laid up bv nil accident, upon a bridge tbt;n 
being built by Honnic. ! 

Towards the wid of 1803 tbe uldiT Fair- ' 
bairn moTcd with bi* family to a fnnn nt'ar 
Newcaiile-on-Tyne btdongiiig to tlw Percy 
Ifsin colliery. Williutu 'waa (•mpluvetl in l)i<( 
oollipry, ana on 'Ji Mnroh 1801 wm appren- 
ticed lo Jubn Itobiuson, millwTiglil. ilv 
soonl Ilia leiHUK in reading, tlir«r' day* in 
tbM wri'k Wine syfltemntii-ally allt>it«d to 
tnatlifinaticn] studies and the otbera to gene- 
ral lilvruture. lie alito applifd liii^ mfchmiical 
in^>nuity to the conalructiun of au omrry, 
Beiii^ njipoin[L>d to tbe cam of ibo onifinpi! al 
tlic cotlipry he got inoru tinu- fur rr'iulimf, and 
becatuu a luumuor of tbeShiold'i library. Hpre 
be becanie«fri"ndof (Iiijrgi'Htt-pln.'n*oii. At 
lh« imdrtf liis«pprpnrireflhip,iii Mrn-fh 1811, 
he ohtttintil cmplovnienl as a luUlwrisbt at 
NewcnjttIp.nndaft*TwnriiiiintliwC'^n*triirtioii 
of Kotne works at llwllingTon, wli-^re lie met 
hi* futum n'ifv. The wnrk* liwinjj finii^hed, 
be sailed fnr I/mdon in Dm^mhcr I'^ll with 
a follow-worlnnaii iiatned Uo^h;- Tbev ob- 
tained umpUiymcnt uttor »ome diffictiltics. 
A cler(r>-mau nainod. Hall iutruJuceJ Fuir- 
huim to the Society of Arts and to Tiiloch, 
tln.>fuuiid<Tof'Til!ocliVl'bilu«iphical >ratni- 
xirn-,' And employiil liiiu in ihf c»nKtriictinn 
of a KU'ainH'Ugitie fnr digging. Tbe luarbino 
failed aflcr alMtOTbin^ some of FairlminrN 
«aving«. He tnad« aomctbing by o i«tii«(r(> 
macbine, and set out for Uatli and Duldin. 
whf^re byOciobcrlt'iabehnd finiBbedD nail 
machine, nnd tWn w«nt toMauebestcr. Sfm 
afloTWard* ho marrit'd Dorotbv, younpest 
tlaugbt*^ of John .Mar, a Kflso bur^v^s. 
ilo was emtiUiynd by a maiilcr wilb whom 
in 1817 be lui^ «oni6 diBajrrwment about a 
new Itbu-kfrttin brid(re ot Mrinclifulrr, and 
thcmi)>aR set up in narrn'-n>hi|> wltli nn old 
ohopiuale, .lanieB Lillie. Tbey s'vm ucquirwl 
a gorid rrpiiUlton by jiryvidinif thr' iii/ioliiixry 
tot a cottoa-mill, and their bualneas rapidly 



incroaaed, In 1824 Fairbairn went to Zurich 
to erect two water-millB. Uy nn ingvnioua 
MOtrivnnco be Aumwant^fl thf> dimcaltiea 
du« to tbv irregular supply of water, and 
coDstruirled wbecUwhicn worked necularly 
wbatftviT ih'j bcipbt of ibw river, lly 1880 
Fairbairn and Lillie bad a clear balance of 
near 40.00(l/., and weru obU bu«idm to in* 
crroae thvir work« to oi to unploy tbr«e 
hundred handn. 

Fairbairn bfcanie a nuiuibpr of tlw Iiulitu- 
tiun of Civil Kngiiu-crH tu 18;iU. 11^ nov 
b^n tn inruati^te the projxirties of iron 
boat* with a special view to improving tlw; 
system of canal traction. His partner waa 
not favourable (■> the experiment* which he 
undertook for the F'orth ond Clyde Cotnpany. 
Thv puldicalioii of ht» reHultti bmu^bt him 
the thanks of tbe institution, and the com- 
pany employed him lu cuustruct a light iron 
piLvwitn^boa't calle<1 the Lord Dtindaa, which 
ran (or two years between Port Uundae, 
(iiloxgow, and Port Fgliiitoun, Kdinburgb. 

FAirbnim and Litlie loat much at thtfl timu 
in a speculation Ibr starting a cntltuj-miii, 
which cripplL-d their rt-sourwa as niillwrighta 
and led to a diasclutitm of tbe partnenbip, 
Lillie sotting up in oppoailion to Fairhnini. 
Fairbairn iidw iV'voteu his energies to ship- 
building. lt<> tinit built bia shipa inM-ctionft 
at MancbostOT, but in li^ decided to lake 
work>i at Millwall, I'uplar, lu partnership 
with an nld pupil, Andrew Murray, lie 
waa eii])]i'?rl<^'l bv gdri'niini'nt aud lue Kaat 
India ('nmnany, but found the atrain loo 
great and auandoned tbe Millwall >^tabli8li- 
ment, wh.-re two thousand handn were Pin- 
plnyed. At Manchester he iiudert'jok mauy 
engineering scbemea, expiriment'^ on lb" 
properties of imn, and, to mc*'t a strike of bis 
workm'^n, introducwd the riveting machine, 
which bna mado a revolution in rh« manu- 
facture uf boiler*. He took ^pvat intermt in 
quentioiu connected with boilers, and founded 
an associatioD for cbo {wavaotioQ of boiler 
explosion*. 

TnlSSPhiiiBapectedthvgovorQUimit worka 

at Constantincniie, anil wa> diiiirated by tlia 

I aultan, who iiIho gave him a (irman to Ira 

' 'chii'f fiibricator'ofmnehin"r^'fiirtheTurki*h 

i jro^-omment in England. He wn.s con.'fulled 

I in It^') UlMin the drainage of tbe tlaarlfra 

lake. In 1841 ho gave ndvie<' to the Kniiliah 

' ffOYommont upon the preveution of Bccidenta 

. by tnnebinerv. In IH4t' h<^t<K)l( out » patent 

(17 July, Ma 0100) fur iuiprovt"menti i 

the iTOtuilruclion of iron s1u|«, which provi 

(00 tronblefiomo for general appliMtion. H* 

read a rHpiT on thn ppcvi-ntiofi of amoktf 

I hefiit* tftf British .Awni'iation at York lu 

1 1841 When StephooBon designed tbv tuba- 



4 



Fairbaim 



"5 



Fairborne 



p 



Imr brifl^^ ftt thf^ Mc^uiti ^tmitA h' consnltcHl | 
I*vrt«im, who nuuie nuinyt!Xp'?rirnwnu, mi'l I 
wu ultiniBlfly ft]-poiiitt.'<l !•■ etip^rint«ni] the , 
cnoirtrnrrinn <if tin; brit^re •in coiijuuctjon 
vi- nttiii. Tbe l.ubo ti-ii» tuceeM- 

fu: r. April 1^^ Muiunderstftikd- 

in^ inwn Bit to KairtMirnV pniCLM 

p.^ _avt> up bis appoint iDf lit, villi in 

1 W' '("(I'll ^'"^^ ' A n Accimni uf I hf C^>iirt niL^ 
lioD of lh«i Ilritiiiiiii* ntitl Canwar TiibiilAr 
BrirffM, Willi » f<>mirlf!lf Histyrj- uf llitlr 
pTOgn**,' coiilitiiiirijf III* nwii nccounl of tlie 
nSiur. in OfUiljLT 18-13 he look uut u paUiut 
for ihi' nf w uriDcipl<> of wnmglit-inm eirdet* 
lio had dcnwLxl lor iJte lind^e, nltlMUgli 
gtoplwtucNi •lured in thi< pRtt'nt. llo statod 
ta 1870 titat br had htiilt nnd dRsiffned 
Bouly II ttioaHoil bridges. In l^O-W b« 
minnittfd pluu, which, bowexfr, vere sot 
ft3r»pted, fur « bridge tiwr ihe Kliine ut 
ColdftiHi. I'nirbaira mule maay ioTMtign- 
tion* inio rhf propsrtii-^ of tliv ourtk's «ru>t 
iflconiunciiin wilii WiUiam llupkituf^. v.], 
tbe (1*mbridsi' niai Iii'inBl irian, and wb« ■ 
high aulboritT upon all m<.-<ihiuurtil and en- 
l{inn>rin){ problem!. 

Fnirliuirn cnnght s chill, from which he 
BBvw r»<ovi'rwI, At tin* nprning of the new 
boildih^ of ftweixs CoUep.* in 1870. 11* 
died li*An|t- Isr-lBtthe boiiftc rtf lii« »on-in- 
Uw, Mr. B«t(>inuu of Moor Park.Suirey. lie 
Wjw biirird nt Pre*l»ick, Northumbcriftnd. 

t-'iiirliutm had seven soiu and Iwu diiugh- 
Utn bv hi? wifi'. Hi- dtM-'lined a kniffbthood 
in I8tit, bill aocvpted a baronftiit^ in 1B66. 
In l**-W he IwiiKht th« Polyp.n, Ardwick, 
DMftr Monchottt^r, wlii>n> he livt'd tilt his 
dnUlltWul KCL-ivt-d manrtli«tiii)<iiiiih<Hl rifii- 
lor*. lie fyoh' iiftoii mi'l well nt ihti liriiish 
AiMocial ion ond fiinllar i]it>4>lint:fi. He serviKl 
mt jUT'jr iu the Ijondon i^xhibilinnii nf l*Vil 
and lH»l:,',«iid at the Porisfxhibition of ISThV 
Io1^Vihcwa»uiadi-n luenilxTof the L)<Kioii 
tif Flonour, and hf was ft forcifm mirmhcr of 
tl, " ,'.i' of Fmofx. He received th« 

ii of tlu- Knynl Socipiy in 1660, 

ami wr.s pr>--idi'ul, (if tlu- Uritiah AMOciatiun 
io l^M. Mo n-ri-Jvi^d ihn hnoorary LL.lJ. 
deiTm' **t Kdinhurtrh in 1660 and of Cam- 
brKltfO in l<^i'J. Il<- wa« [in->i'tcnt of lht< 
tniMtulionn' \t.*^.r,iT; ■:.! I'r,'iii.'.-r5 in IRM. 
uid »>f iImt md rhiliw 

anphicol Sl -'AX A full 

lilt of hu^ n in, ■■!,:■' .lions to the 

'IVii.u.- !l I . ' ! -,v i.iy' ntid the 

I. -itic und loomed 

|. s Mr. I'.jk-. 

■ ' I ■ -ir W. Knirbairn, pt\rtlv written 1'y 
Im . .!.. !i;«d aiui ojBipIclol lij- W. Polo. 1S77; 
JleeaDDt of tlio rnnffruciion of ;h<> Dritanniii 
MdC«im/ Itriil([Ba, Ui'Ji daulaa'a Qcurge ai;d 




RobeK 5<teph<itiM0. and Induitrial Bio^Mphy; 
Jrtin, its lllttorj, PropirrtiojhA:.'.; I'ottanca mi»I« 
iu llciiiiiiiBa; ranoui u«pen> L-antril'Utiiit bf Kair- 
buirn to the proeoodings of vdvntiilv mviriivs.] 

J. lUy. 

FAJRBORNK Sir PALMKS (1614- 
1680), cfivt-nior of Tangierx. wan thi- win of 
Colowl Stafll'fd Fairborne- of N'ewDrk(//AW. 
Soe. i'uiil. viii. :iOft-9), and pr"bubly related 
to th.- Yorkshire family of tbnt tiamt*. Wb«n 
a lad hv fou>;hL lu a Mldier uf fortiinr* in ihi^ 
ddanee of C'andia (Orelv) a)niiii>t thi? Turk* 
(aBtetfc which laettrd uu and ofT for twi-nty 
Ti-ara, IMH-IW), and, in token of the valour 
lie there displaved, a Turk'ii head wm aftcr- 
wani* intliirt<>^ in hU armafwe grant or cou* 
flnnntion of nmiR, about IBi /, OranT'', iii. 63,^ 
by Sir II. Norroy), At the Hfs of suvea- 
te*n Kflirborncwaahftck in ICnf;Und (KsBrB, 
Mvn. Wftmvnatterirfuia, p. 03iW; epitAph on 
monument i. In the autumn of lliill he en- 
listed as A cupluin in the uewlv formed rogi- 
invnt called tb-- Tangii-nt Ki^'mpnt of Foot, 
nflerwanls <ho 2nd(Jueen'B, mm- tli(.- Queen's 
Vf<e*i Siiirey it^Ktmenl. The re^.'imenl idu»- 
ti>r(^ one ibouMUid aCrong, br«id<?« olficen, 
on PutniT Heath, 11 Uct., and Niile^l to 
parriiion 'fang-i'TS, undT tho couimand of the 
1^1 of Incbi'juiii, in Jiinuan- IflO^ |i>«e for 
those and other dvttuLi Colonel Daviso hiM 
toryof ihercgimenO. During the next fip-h- 
teen yeATs Fairborne took a prominenl part 
in the defvttce of Tnogiers, whirb wn^ •'iiM-it^-d 
to conatuit attack* from the Moors, receivings 
the honour of knighthood for hi« serrices 
(l^rTTRRi.1, Rtl of state AJiiir*, 1 36). By 
ttiftl he had ri»en to tlu- rank of major. In 
It.HJT he foudht a duel with a bnrt bur officer, 
wbiib tbrvatxnedtohare a fatal liTmiualiun 
had tlioy not been appantted and forced iniA a 
reconci lint ion. Theaceoiint KairNjrne pirea 
of thcplact'in hi* letters home iadi!pl(irnlil<i; 
in 16*J!' he write*: 'Tau}{ier nerep wba in u 
worse condition than at proaent. I hoi>e «tme 
cuvi» taken to rvmi<diuthtfi,ar eW tin* I,oriil 
have mercy upon tu' (Ooloxri. Dwix, i. v>'), 
ic) Tho soldiers were often in want of store* 
and virtual*, and con^laul de^tertious look 
place. Fairborni! rode on one oMasion alouo 
into tlie enemy's line*, aiid brouabt a 'Irnerlt.T" 
back in triumph on bi*hor»e(L'ri IW. lliiBl). 
In May ItTTO he was made joint dtjnity- 
pOTemor in the Absence of the Earl of inciii- 
qiiin, nod on the death {'21 Nov.) nf hia 
coadjutor, Colonel Allaop, he had lite sola 
command for the next two ynare. Undf 
Fairhnnia'H firm and wiiw rule great improve^^i 
menta took ylacv both in the discipline of 
the garrii^im and in the ronstrucliun of thit 
molt* for detenRo of tin* harttoiir. Uut ibi* 
pay bving two years and a quarter in amjara. 



** '^' 



•airborne 



iz6 



Fairborne 



dJAtnrbanoMOCCunedainongtheMtMiera. In 
Deoemlier 1877 a serioiu miitinr took plucv, 
which Fnirborne pmmpllv (juflli-d; wrwiirJt- 
ing a rauAket from tbo leadinir mutinecT, he 
Bbot bim dead on the spot. U« aflemriinii 
wrote hotD9 nvrnttin^ Utat any man shonlil 
have foUen by ois hand, but bopcKl thai the 
kingwould not condemn hi« b^l in )ii» t^-r- 
vice (i£. i. li^). In tbe spring of 1678 he 
went In Kngland. Two Tesre nflsr, t.'5 Mnrch 
IBJBO, tbo Miiors, tinder thoiT i.'ii>p-;:Mr. MuVy 
Hanui. blocka<I>Hl TanKivn, aiid Fairbonx.* 
nstumert early in April lo condurt the de^ 
fence us oolc gi}v«nior and cominnudcr-iu- 
cbiuf. In July a new goremop, the Earl of 
Oaaory, was appoimedovurFuirbcnia'ahoad, 
in Incbiqiiin'i) plar^. I^'nirlximai pi>tilinn«d 
in Aligned that 'tht> saiiU pittance of 500/. 
per nnnnm allowpd him n» criinn)i«nd«>r-iTi- 
diiof might not he taken airny. nor y#l biR 
pension, aa lbin((s atTaoKiers are thret> timen 
DA dear as in Enf^land.and he had not roMiwd 
u fartbiui; of pay' (i*. i. IGS-W). Oi*ory 
died oTi SO July, and Fatrbnme romainiad a^ 
sole defcnd<!r of Tangriers. Tlio Moon niadi> 
a dsvpervtv atlark in l)ctab«r. iiu tbit 2-lth 
thagnrernor, riding out of the town to Inspivt 
thodefeDCi'ti. lo'ik ]>iLri in a Hli^ht Kkircnish 
and wasmf^rtallv wounded by' a ffhawvplmt,' 
according to his epitaph, bat no account of 
the cngagemMit snyA that * hiding a ninn of 
undaunlw spirit, in cotirat^ and roeolution 
feaiing nothing, but rtill ridintrincvt'n' place 
of danger to animate bt« solaii>r!s and n*>vur 
oban^nff hta horae, the enemy did know 
Um, ana firing often, with an iinforliinalu 
•ad fntnl I'hiit woundivl him mnrlally ' {toM 
aceonnt of his death, I'A. i. 171, Ac.) After 
thr«e davs' ficlitinir, which Ibu dying gOToraor 
watched fnmi a balcony, lite Moors wen 
forced to raise the siege and ri'pulscd with 
great lom.wbileFairbnnui.lint^Tin^ till raven- 
ing (27 Oct.), «aw hia viotorioua troops Duirch 
into the town. An account la eiT»»n of bis 
^ing itpe^vb in a pnptr call«d * Th? Tanj^ers 
Aewutf,' bv John Ho^o, l(Gi<l,and nil agree in 
calling hiu) fl ' worthy, able, and bra\i.T officer ' 
(Shnrt'slJiaii/: 7'rt>ii/irrtStnt''J^ptrt,yD.W, 
*2fT Oct. IfiHty, p. ti.">4). ' a man of undaunu-d 
Tpsnliitinn and siiirit.'and 'of iiidL<fiilignbk> 
diligencw' (DiviH, i. I "71. l(y his wifc,iliii^ 
gaift l>c^■cr^■ ux (flint married to a Mr. Man- 
Hell), hel*Jt a larg* family in pntat ptiverty, 
but early in 1681 the king grantiMl L;\dy 
F'airhorat" an annuity of 500/. (.YofCT and 
QwnVji. i'nd aer. iv. Sol) ; their tlAinA »on, 
Stafford [<]. ▼.], bocnme a knight and reared- 
miral. l^y Fairhtinie afterwards n^mnrried 
(Piiflton, son of tbe fir«t h^irl uf Vamoiith). 
8boditt1 in 1(19B, »iii| wsh lim-i("J in H'»«t- 
minstfir jVbbey (CuBtmitt, AUrey Re^Ulert). 



I SIm nrvvtMl a monument in tbo nave of the 
'abbeytoFnirhorni'.wirhanopiMphbyllryden 
nwouuttui; hta exploita. Tkms yBani after 
Fairbornt>'H dt'ath Tangiera was abandoiked tit 
the Mix>r$,and the co«Uy fortiikniioua nuvd 
to the ground. 

(History of tha Snd Qiipen'a, now the Rovat 
Wft'rt Riimjr Kcgincnl, Iit U.-*'oI. John Darim, 
rnl. i. panim: Addlt. ^SaH. I5B93, f. 00. and 
I7i«l.f.H.fl£c.3 E. T.B. 

PAIBBORNE, SiH STAli-FOKil ((f, 

1742), ndmirel of the Heet, waa the cldeat 
Bonof.'ijir i'nluK-« Fairhome [({. v. J, governor 
ofTangiers. In Juu*! ItM'i StaJTonl was linti- 
t«nanl of iht* B(.>nad\'enturfl at Taugien, and 
dunng the illni-v nf liia raptain commanded 
tlii'xLip in a Hurccasfiil f-nnounter with 8omc 
SiiIIct- rnui.'Nnt Mamora(CilAlOtot'K,ii.94n.) 
< >n 1 2 July I fl80 lie was pn>niol«d to command 
I ho nnlf.Moon.a Sallee prixe, ami in August 
inS.S W&4 appointed to tbo Richmond, man 
which he waa moved into the Fairlax^ud, 
aft«r tbo rPToIution, into the Warnptt" of 
70 (ruD#, whiv-b ho commandi^l at tli« hAM)^ 
of Ikachy lU-ad, ;» June liEW. At tlio siegn 
ofC\rrk.tntheSepteml>erfo1lowing,hesi»v«d 
on aho<w umh-r Marllwrough, i>mh(ibly with 
a naval brigxie; in I^J he cnrnmamlod ibo 
Kliiabeth of 70 suns at the Wule of liar- 
flpiir, and in Iii98 the Monck of 52 gun* in 
the fle«t under Sir George Kook« [q. v.], 
which ou 19 June, while in charge of thv 
Sniyma convoy,wasMdiaulrousIyarattpred 
by the Fnnch off Cape St. Vincent (Ittrit* 
ciirrr, 7'ranMetimu at Sea, p.4fM). In 16dQ 
he commanded Iho Victx>ry, a llrKt-niti', and 
was moved out nf her into the Defiance, a 
third-rate, on 3 F«b. 169r)-6, * In command 
tJicouLwanl-bound trade in the Howns." On 
2'2 3Inroh be waa moved back Ofniin to the 
Victory: in June into the Ijondon, also m 
first-rate; and ahnnly after into the Alb«- 
[narlj", a (u«cond-rat«. Tbe*e rapid changca 
illiiiitnito the poculiar ineonvemencf of th<i 
B>-stem then in v<:^e of ]nh inj; a captain bb- 
cording to the rat« of the ship bo mmraandnd- 
Fatrborno wa« assured at tlic time (hat, oa 
tbey were made for the ad\-antagi' •.■>{ th« 
R-rvict), thvy should not be any prejudice Ut 
him ; but three yenn inUr h« wan atill iieli- 
tiouing the admiralty for compejiaation for 
the \t»ji hf> bad )i'i*tuined, amounting in 
par nlone to m^nrly 200/. (f'ltpfmn/ L-llrrg, 
13'Jidy \im, l» June IWiW). In Mny 1009 
be w&» appointed to the Torbay, but that 
ebip being found not ncwrly ready, he waa 
lmnsfcrT«d lo Ibe SuUolk, which ho cnm> 
mnDdexI till thv und of the ^fsr oa Aoninr 
otiiivr in Iho Ohwum fir al Sniltunid. In 
January 1700 ho was appointttJ lo the Til* 



Fairborne 

hary, !n wliicfa he -went to Xewfmindluid in 
rluu)^- of L-iiRvoy, antt to cit'ar tlit< cvauA of 
'V' Iirt went with convoy to 

Mwlilvrranwin. BvM»rch 
1 /\-i [1 «t Cmliit. anil llionc" iw- 

lunit^ ' 1. In iIiL- following June 

b* w» ].^.<ui'-,^.i io he rf*r-a>]inirftl of ibc 
bloi', anil Mome Liitl« limo later be was 
luiitrhlt-d. 

Id ITCri lie ma appointed, with Li» Aiur io 
the S; >!> r^, IO K iximmunt] in ibu fleet 
an . Mhirh Giiliil in tbc Rtcontpt 

OB ' ': i acbieved th« brilliant fruccv«a 

at Vi(jQ, iHi wliirh i.>r>r.ij>ioii h» mnvcil into 
lb# Gi««x,a?hiprif lighter dnugbt,bul doee 
D9f ae«ii) to hare Wen p<T«onaUy piiirngvd. 
il»'vra« aft/Twnni* left iitider Sir ('^lowjialey 
SboTi^l [*|-v.] tj> brin^ tbe \tTii^i> homp, a 
acrviee. wbitb, in spite of csccpliftnally bud 
wcKtliur, wilt mlIl-Iv nocompliihed by 17 Nov. 
In tlt^ rollow-ins year I'airhoriMJ wm promoted 
to be Tici<-aduiitul of tbe rut), and appointvd 
Io ^if^-ft in lli>.> >^nd fl«et durintf uie abort 
eon.- -' ■■ \dmiralQeorppChurcmU[q.v.], 
afi' "itii Uii Rao; >" thu.Ajwjruilion, 

b^> J. >,..'■! . n'^V'-ll in till- M<'dil4>rranAAn, and 
wiU) liim Ktum«l to England io November. 
From tbi- Dowiia tbe oqimdrun wns ordorvd 
tBto llic Tbamea, and oo th< evening of ibe 
'JUlh ancboredCir tbo tuglitoH'ttit' tiiiiill<«t. 
TboTB ibo great tttorni, wliidi brok« out lUv 
next tlar, Pjund tbi'tu. Vhvy were unabto 
tn vnisti, but in tbo rarly morainf^ of tbu 
S7Ul iW' A«ociBtion wo* blown tiolmitly 
froQi her ancbon, and, with the wind at 
W^W., wae drivpn ImljdfSMiIy acnmn ihu 
Nortb S<* to ibf coast, of Holland, wbencfl, 
after many dan^ora and narrow eecapea, abe 
at laat rpafliiHlOoilicnliiiTg, and, an«T rc- 
tStxin^. Wtt« nblf., not wiibnur great difficulty, 
to rvtuni Io the Tliami«i(JtriK"Ht-iT, p. (160; 
CiLiii50Cl, V, I4»l. in tlio following- year 
Fairbornv hoi-^ltMl Li* flag oa board thu 
SbnwMbiiri-, in I he fieot luider Shovell at 
Lisbon, anil, vu Hhovvll's^iog to lii» Mi^li- 
U'rianvikii, r'-maiiii'd in ^miimand of tbe ahip^i 
in tbi> ChannH. In I'Oii ho accomimnii'd 
Sh"*<'Il to thp M<-diU<rnuM>an, and wll^ tin— 
•lilt at thf^ M><g>- and capluru uf Ilsrcmona 
io Scptroiber and October. In liOtl hi? was 
t^mployud nn thi.' homu station, com- 
liiig tliu ««{uailrin cent olT lEocbelle in 
.and at tbo rodiictioo of Ostcnd in Jiinc 
IJiUHao, XamI I/i*/. it.%H}). liiJiiutf 1707 
bv was ii|j|><imt«(l n lUHiuborof thecouuuilof 
tbe lord hi^rh admiral, a duty frum which 
hr waa rpliwy"! in .Iiiim I7OT. I'poti the 
deatJi 4if Sir <" li ' ,- Shnrell in Oclobor 
ItiJT ho w«* I " be adtninil of llni 

wliit^.nn 7 Jan. lii/. r,and on'Jl Dnr. 17(tM 
to bif ulmiial of tlw fiwt; but h« bad no 




Fairclough 

further employment nc eon, though in 1713 
he was a]ipoint«Ml a commiii.'fionc'r for dia- 
bunding thu marine regimi»in.s {Ceit. fttata 
I'ajtfri; Tntiumrx-, 7 A14?. 1713). i'rom this 
time he KtirvHl fivim tho itiTvicLi, so com- 
idylt'ly timt, in a navy list rwf-'rrod to by 
Charnock. ho is m\<\ to huvo dit-d in 1710. 
In lieu of half-pay a ai)>.t!ial pfnclon of 000/. 
a yoar was wttli^'d on him (iW/ Offitn 71m- 
nan 2/«*t, No. 348, 23 IX-c. 17U) from I Jan. 
I714-I0, il? «njnvi.M it fur many wan, and 
died 11 Nov. I742'(ii. No. 350t. ' 

In tbe petition nlrwdy niforrwl to (6 Juno 
1609) he describes hlraaelfna liaving a lann 
family lu pronde for, but (cifra no <li;taibi. 
H13 auo apeaka (fWA Stafr rVtyi^r.', Tr«asurr, 
3 Aug. 1703) of th^ younj^r children of &ir 
I'alni'.'* Fnirbomf. On* of iheHi. William 
Fairl>:>me, atjn-ed with him in the Vit-tory 
a(< a lieulennnt, and died, Q Oct. 170«^, in 
commandofthj! Centurion at. Leghorn (Ohar- 
KOCK, iii. 240). 

SChurnof'k'B Biog. Nav. it. 143; oflicial lattara 
. other docuraautain the Fullie Rcoord OfHoe.] 

J.K.L 
FAIROLOUGII. [S«e alao FiUTLBr.] 

FAIRCLOUGH, RIfnARD (1021- 
108:^), nonconformist divine, bom in ItUI, 
was iho eldest son of Samuel Fairchiuffh 
(15ii4-lU77) U. v.] Hi* (rrudualod 5I.A. lui 
a rncmber of Emmanuel C'olleiff, 0am bridge, 
of which bouM he waa a Mlow. When 
Benjamin Wbichpot [n. v.] vox presentcii 
in ltJ43 to iho college living of North I'ad- 
bunr, Somantetaliin-, htt etigs^ud I'airclougb 
to tiuu bira company thitht^r. Thev had 
acaroaly arrii-wd when Whichcol ri,*cijved a 
hast^ recall to Cambridge, and Fairvlou^U 
at lua r«i]uest 8lay«d in his place. Soon 
an^Twanls the high sheriff of thu cuunty 
a|iplied to Fairclough to dtdiver the n-vizo 
wrmon on an emergeucy. He succuddod an 
well that Ihij slwriff preaented him to the 
rectory of Mella, near rVomc, where be was 
greatly Mt«amed. When tbe Act of Uni- 
fonnit^T pa«e*dhe waacjecttNl. Afterholoft. 
FJDchin^eld, Eii^x, \\\mrr< ho had re«td«^ 
duriu^ four or fivo yearn with hi? father and 
brothers, hr Ix^c-jtmt- pa^lorof a congTcffation 
at Newman Strtset, Ijnndon. whendc he n^ 
miivixl t-i IlriKtol. Tie w«j licensed in ItfTS 
to hfl a tfcntnit jir.*flhyttrian teacher, bfiiiig 
then reaident in Thames Str«et, London. lie 
died in London IJiily ifiHl', in hiaaixtv'first 
yuar.Budwaa buriid in iluiiliill Fielda, whore 
a monument waserectudtn hi* momofy.aan 
' Iwt iuiuuy of gnit it ndii formanv iibligat ions,' 
by Tliumiw I*erci<'Bl of llm Middle Temple. 
According to John Howe, who pn-acLiHl hia 
funeral acrmon, Fairclough woa ' a man of a 



aoi 



Fairclough 



138 



Fairclough 



cleftr,distuictund«r*tandia^,ofn vrayquick, 
diHCiTninp, and penctnitiiig jad^^ent, tlint 
would nn n i>U(ld<!n . . . ntHkn llmntgh Iniottv 
dillicultip^ into tho inward wnMr of truth 
with i^ucli n fflicity tbat tliinfpi seem'd lo 
offer tlw-mflelTfs tn him vhirk iiti> mint to 
coel Qtlwrs a troublptwne warcb.' He was 
fliilhnr of • Tl>i> n»nirr>, postibilji y, »iid duty 
of D true believer attaliimg to a certain Iniow- 
Mgv of hi« etTi^cttiul vocation, eternal elec- 
tion, nnil final pemevorance to plorr," a atr- 
moo I oil :; IVt. i. 10) printed in si. V iucenlV 
'ThfMorn!ng-Exerci«!a|?iiiiut Popery,' 1675, 
and in vol. vi. uf .S. Anueeley'ii ' TLu Mum- 
ini5 Esercisps,' 1B.I4, &c. t'nloniT also uii>n- 
tiuiLs ' An Abridgmeul uf khoh of bis latter 
Si-rmona to Itiit Wlovcd j»nj]|.i af AUilla.' 

(riJaiiij-'» Soncwif. Mrmori&l (Palmer, 1802), 
iii. 150-202; H<>we"« Fuui'ml Scrmoa; Wood'a 
AtbcnaOxon. ^Bli«ii), iii. 730; Browne's Him. 
of CQD(tT«(pitJouali9m in Norfolk nod SufTiilk, 
p. &9S : DaT)d*'s .^nnnliof ETHUKelicalNotLCOD- 
formit.vin Ktwx, pp. (11 S- 16; CaL Slate Pupan, 
Uoiii. ili!>i,i<p.2'*,.S6S, )6J5.p, 30S.] G. Q. 

FAIRCLOUGn, SAMr EI. fl594-lfl7r), 
noncoiifoniiiHt divitii-,wiii borii '2Q April ifMi 
M Havi^rhill, Suffolk, the younpost of ttip four 
eons of IjwreiH'"-' pBirclouKb. vicar of Haver- 
hilt, by hi» wifi- Mary, daughter of John Cole 
of that town. Al\«r some prelimitiGtry train- 
ing under a Mr. Itobothani, wbo aoid of liim 
tbai hv wufl tbe best freholar he tiod ever 
tau^flil in the courfle of ihirly years, ho vaa 
aunt to Qucen»* Collt-i^tf, Caiobridgv, at tbe 
BM of fourteen. Various HtorieA nru told of 
hts vtriet life and xtLudy at [uclimcnt lo mt*- 
dprnte puriL»n print'iplpH. Hi- rtifiUMxl on 
prinriple lotakf a woman's partin tin comedy 
nf ' iKonniimi*' wlu*n «bL>ul. lo b«> jjrcsii'ntiMl 
l>i>f(ir» Jimii:n I. Il luulH-en wrnnirly flaMn1«tl 
that he was appointi>d, while Gtill an nnder- 
RnidiiBtf, ' aiib-tiitoT ' to Sppacer. lord t'wnip- 
ton, iho tJ J«t loa of thfl llien Earl of Nortli- 
iimptoti; Lord C-nmptou was not born unlil 
May 1601. Soon (ifirtr taking liiall.A. degree 
a >Ir- .-\llin]iton oflVr'-il him a prvfiuniution lo 
a livioj: in SulFolk, but not tn-tag of ago to 
receive priest's unli-nhi.' declined it, anupri'- 
ferr«-d In pursue his t]iw>lo|^cul studies with 
nichnrd Ulscktrby [q. v.j, then readent at 
Afihen, Kn^ex.whos'.-rlilfftil daugtiterbonAi>r^ 
wards marri^-d. In 1019 he acreuted, after 
some hesitation, an ofler from lli>* mayor 
and nine aldermen of I.ynn Iliyis, Norfolk, 
iit a Icctarwhip, with &U/. a year, a good 
bouse, and an additional Wi. from tlic con- 
ffn^tion. ' Hi» ix)[iularitv,'rvlati:«<.'Alamy, 
"excited tbe envy ol the other niiuislen, and 
ha wa» openly oppoeed by the uubUcans, 
who** businwa declined from the iMrnvMi of' 
drunbeoiieeB.' SaraQcl Uaranet, bishop of 



Norwich, cit^M him inlohiii court fornegli 
infT to am the si^ nf the cnias in l>a|iti«ti 
the result was ihal Faircloiidh rptire ' 
now aroepf d n Himilitr hut a U^an con* 
position at Clare, SuBblk, where be ' 
preiich^-d whil« at Aithen. Before^ 1> 
Nathaniel Jtanianii)>toii 'q. v.], who wi 
quentlv one of his heari;i>, pre^enleil him 
llie adjuinini,' r\x.-t'.>ry of Barnard i;^! ou, 3T Ju 
\m^ He roon m'.'t with further opp><*itt 
Une of the clerg;7>'ni<!n at fiudbury beinj; t 
Fairclough occupied his pulpit for him, 
iu t)ieex-enin){ he r*!i>«?iited the sermonw 
he bad preached to the fiimily in whose ht>UK 
he l'id({"d. For Ibi* iirliirli-H wi're ■■iihibitvd 
ogainfithim in the.Slaiwhamberasafacti 
man ; upon which he was cnnvmed befoi 
tho court of hif^h oommiMion, and fnrcnd 
attend at different times for more thnn 
years, so that journeys and ttna awall 
up thtt wholtt profits uf his re«t»ry. Ma 
were only broa«lit to an issue ' tbroi 
inflnenoeofoae whumiiau{war«tbBt' 
' could not wrrll di^oblij;^, the r>M}ui9i' 
fluAnoe' having been peciired by a 
number of jacobuMw.' Sir N. Itamanliiiln 
aftnrwni^t* pri-jw-nii^d Fairi^l'iiijrh t-i rlw rec- 
tory of KcdmRton, near UnvorhiU, and olj^ 
laineil biiiin^ftitulion ]OF<''h. Iti^^R, ■ trilJi' 
httfpL-rsoniilaticuduace upon thebiabop,! 
itig ibu oatb of faDooicHl obedience, or au' 
scribing tlie ihtnw articW.* In ihii) llviil^ 
he continued for nearly thirtv-five year*, 
nreadiing lour times a week, llin TIi 
lect iini«, ' coniionnx ad cWum,' were 
adiniri>d, * all the minifiterH from man; 
round com^tantly nilending them, an 
ten or twcniy si-botnr^ nnd fellowaof roll 
from Cambridge.' When the 'Book of 3por 
came out, Fairelfluch was oflen cit«^l to ap- 

Knr boforo the archili'-aoon and rommiasarr 
ury.but managed loevadeaf tendance on I 
ph'a of a weakness which dimbh'd him fro: 
riding. DurinirtlnjcivilwarhesbowHl lilt 
motive sympathy with the pr«sbvtoiiffln5. 
was nominated one orthea»«eni\>ly of divi 
in Junii llVi:}, but excused himself Eroia 
tending, and though hesignt^d th 
IfHH h«! alwoliitely rrfu»Ml thu eogi 
He aluo doclined the mafitet^hip of 
College, Cambridge. In Irttl;? he could 
take the oath, *aud th'r-'fnre left a valua 
living, a pleosaot pansonsgi^boute, a 
glebe, a large auditory, a loving p<>i>pli', and 
kind neigh U)urhood. . . . Though he and h 
tfunilyli»t abovea thousand po'tndf ii V'.'ftr 
theirnonconfi)rmlly,bewa*Dlwi»jhcliearfi 
lU'rewded for fiiur or Jive ve«r» with Lt 
Hons, Uiehard [q. T.J and Samuel f Be« 
and his two somt-m-law, Ororgw Jui: 
Ittchard Shut*.', who had left their liringB, 



rer- 

M 

aril. II 




! JWtlt 



lir 



iLwOI 



Fairclougi 



199 



Fairfax 



I -ilrl mn' >lltMl Houlplns at Finrh- 

nt'*i"lil. ' ■ ' li nciw bec*nie 'a liltU' 

b1I<?k<^-' [''.•ijt>-riiiiii iNon^i prfAi'ti^d byluntfi 

tlw familT, 'and tbe aeigtibouis came in.' 

ITuta th«v were (li«iii.'r«>-d Faircloi>|2h wniit 

tiTi* vrilh bus youii^^iit M>n. a conforming 

kinidtrr at Kciii»'tl, Ciinibrii]|^i.-s!iire, luid 

|i<-ii with lii!< '!:iii|,')iU'rf itl H>.'V(>uiii|,'Iiaiii. 

Il,aiiil Istowiniirlcrt in thrt f^mr- i-iHiiitj' 

riv»'ly. I[(^(!it-d at ^towaiarlci-t 11 lh±<^. 

Id4,an'l wa-iburii'-l iiL-ar t!ie vfslrr 

"iIm' cliun-h. Ho imWislioil: 1. -Tli'- 

' troubled, or Acban (uindemnfKl and 

A •■nn.>n . . . Apr. 4, 16*1/ 

», 1641. i'. ' The Prlwrn-rs Pnu.«-!« 

rtiv^mitri' from their long itnpri- 

Colcln'M^-r, on n tlay of publiiiui^ 

jnTiDg, K^i »\>nTt tor that t>uqio*o oy 

itlMUfAofth^Committeooi EsMx, ... 

" by thv «nctni<< al CMnKufurd. In 

, . . l*s. cxlix- 0-8, preftr-)ii><l ol. 

IfilnplLomb. St*, ItWe'." -Itc. London, 

Sl ''AywH «^uj*,i>r thit S«atil)i wortlii- 

atKl thp worlds worihlp;»^i'i»e, . . . 

ni in * wriDtiii nn Mvh. xi. 38] . . . at 

inemlJ rif . . ,'S' \at.hani<^I mrnfir> 

l,'4tfi,I^ndon. 1(563. 4. 'The Pallor's 

^ „ f.' I2mrt. I^tndon. HiftJ. Ili« pfnirail, 

t«tnall bead bv F. II. van Hove, i» in t1«rlit-'« 

" ji%-M*(l^'i), p. ir>3 A. 

Utn )><vr>Rd iu)n, Sa«phl FAlucLOUftii 
iP-1091 ), watia fellow of (Viiuxf 'ollciCf, 
idgv, aud nft'Twarde rcv.tor nf Hi)ii|;h- 
iijuoal, Itr-ilf'inliihiiv, hul, wut rjiTlird 
I lORi. In 1H72 he was tira»^d a contTTV- 
alirmai l»'nchrral CTiippunhinn, t'«Inbridgt.'- 
'■— \ TIf difd .11 T>*H\ l»«tl. liscf^ m, and 
biiriinl at Iti-'veiiiiijrhuin, SuSolh. hie 
: M>rrorin baviriK he-en pf>4ched by a 
Biat, Nathaniel Parkhnift, ricor of 
nnJ. l*hi?n> nra memoriaU to him and 
irUe. FranM>« FoUcch of Kodinffton, in 
iushaa Church. It appmn Ilint he 
bM noihiiiff but an * otTertoiy ' in vene 
ToU;'* 1'ean ; or, Klogive ou , . . Sir 
tlel BamardiKton,'4to, l^^mlon, 105.1; 
nf nnvxint <>f M>nir tvnmrkabUi ]iiiiiiiii(,iin 
tbp life nnil death of Mrs. Annt- liamar- 
,' uTpfixwI lo John .Showfr'if fiinpral 
for I !inl laih . <I(i, I,ondcn, l&'-J, and 
lb' ' Ix'fitro tlwt fumrral wrmnn forhi» 
ber-in-law, lUi'hard Hhntv, in iGlS9. 

">iDdry ICmlDDDt Pmons, 

I'^lamyV Notipoiif. M«>- 

-J). i. 283, iii. 272-82: 

ii\ ".; Ilrowo''- BiiL of 

N'.rf.Ikur.ri.^tirtMk.p. A98; 

ral Nonr-iiiifnmiit.y 

i.-'-r'a B\n^. Hiat. of 

:-h iii. J'J-IO; Knuw'aCnt.of 

.ii*,i. US.] O, 0. 

.mil. 



YP^... 
'r Pariuiitt. 

rf^:irii.ij!iMij 



FAIRFAX, BUIAN', LL.T). (1633- 
1711 ),;>idiltcijin,M-cond»onofth«iili*v. Ht-nry 
Fairfax i_I.'i8?*-lti(M( [q. v.], was horn at tli'u 
rwf iirj- ni >VwtoD K_vate,\otlahire,on U Oci. 
IKW, Hi>fnvct(M)mi~ account of bi» Mrly life 
iaa manuscript n&mlive written forhisfcinig, 
and printed in Mr. V. R. Markbam's ' Life of 
Admiral K. Fairfax,' pp. 133-4<>. Ho vni 
tdiicatfd for fniir y*ar*i at a school at t.^jx- 
wold in Yorkshire, whence he waa sent to 
TnnitvCf>ll'.'j(u,Cuiiibridi)ft',andiiidu«cotir80 
took t'he dcgret-n of .M.A. and lA^li. in that 
uuivi-niity. In l']5'S hi' wunt to France with 
the Karl of Kitdiin-, ua<l on hin return wns 
pruspnt at (hp uiarriuf^orthn Dukeof Bnrk- 
iii^-hitm with bi( cmisin Man' L'ViHiucat Xuu 
Applet on, York-^hir*. \V)ionhiirkin^han) was 
(Hsnt to tbe Tower bv tbe Protwtor, Brian ac- 
ownpooicd Lord Fairfax to 'Whitdiall when 
he went to di'maiid liLs iwn-in-lavr'ii rdvaav. 
Rrinn was constantly with Lord Fairfax 
duriuK till* Ultff yvan of h'vf lifu, and vma 

frejtent at bin d<>at!i. At theendof l<1>^( LonI 
airfas H.'nt Rriiin Fairfax on a doliciitu and 
daiiK'-riiU" miHiiion (i> Al<ini:k, I hnn inHt:ol laiKl. 
In a tract named • Il<>r Borcale,' piibtifihed in 
tin- 'Fairfax Corrwspondpnct!,' Fairfax dw 
arribed hia JDunfT and hin intnrrii^w vitli 
the Kvncral. Upon bis return he found Lord 
Fairfax, 1 Jnn. I<3il0, mllin^ to hi» Mandard 
the g'snilemen of Yorkshire, and took on ac- 
tivL' part in their orfraniaalion. On (i Jan. 
bewatide«uatch>.-(] opon u iiiiMfitmfnmi U'fd 
Fairfax loLenthull, ihfspeaker of the Xl-iii.>e 
of Cummoiu, iii London, with an i-xpliina- 
tion of Iha inl«ntiiin of ib« niuvvin^iitH in 
the north. Ifeforu hb return Munck liad 
HNwhod Yorkdbirp, anil Fairfax was prcw>t 
at this intfrriftw betwM>n Slonck and I^rrl 
Fairfax at Nun .\pplolon. Shortly after- 
warilit, whrn tbe jiarlintoent npnt a com- 
inia^ion with Ijord Fairfax at il^ hiMid to tht) 
Ila^e to invile tb»* n?tuni of CharlN II, 
Brian a^companic'd hi« cousin in thiv capa- 
city of private fcccretarj'. lie waa at\or- 
vriaAa as<ociatcd with the Duke of Buckiriff- 
ham i» two di|'loioaiic visits to ihti euuli- 
ni-ut, and aUo actnl aa Bnckinf^faam's agent 
until prudi-ncc led him to rwifm. He waa 
njitHiiiitiHl equerry to Oiarles II on 21 Jan. 
UiiO, aud held tlie office until thf; ^ng'a 
drath, when bi3 rrai)cnfvl. II>i took no pari, 
in politics under JamcH II. lu 168«j he went, 
over to UoUand with his younft son Hrinn to 
|>ay his re«pccu to the Prinrcas Miirr, wlio 
wa» trodchild to his couain the Duchess of 
UuckiiiRham. IL- was r»;i^ived vi-ry cordi- 
ally, and when William III cuno to the 
Ihmiirt Unaii was made one of his Hjuem«<«>. 
At the ag^ of fifty-six ho found the diiiii>s 
oQuroua, and aftvr thrw yvart bu accvrjiti'^l i hu 



Fairfax 



»30 



'airfax 



po6t of secretUT U> ft fellow- YoriatunuaaB, 
Ardibuiliop Tillotaon. 

On the d«th at thtt arcbbUhop in 1604 
Fairikx retirvd intn private lifti at York, 
■wliore lif (levoied himstiir to Utprary work, 
and to BOting IIS tli<! frii'nd mid mt-ntuf oftliv 
young(xg<'n'>ralionsnrhtf>ratDih'. Fie carried 
oiiicaTTes|>oiideDce wilb mostoft lie literal^ 
men of bis day. Some in1«n»titiff communi- 
Cftlions of hu bit tmone the cormpondence 
ofBishop Atitrbury. lie wrote * life of the 
Duke of BuckinfrHam, tmnslutc<l tlia Itfi' of 
til*.- Iluj^ui'itor , riitiip Mornsy, teigneur du 
PI<-A.iiH, iind sert-ral poonu from his pen ar« 
extiint. llu' piiHcipal of wliicL U ' ITie Vocal 
f )ii)f,iiljnini^ui upoii(.'iiuingdownthe Woods 
at Nun Ai»iilL'iyu.' llu aUo cdttnl and muI>- 
li«fi«I 'Tim [Aiit.>tmiffropliiail| Sliori JI.^ 
mnriali'of hia cousin, TLomoe, lord I^oirfax^ 
inllSO. BrifttiFi»irfiixHi.-«l«in20S(.pi.l71l. 
Up marrii^^lfOn 22 April 1 GTfiiin WwtniinBter 
Abbev, Cluirlc'tte, daii^liter of Sir Edtuuiid 
C*ry." Shu dit-d 14 Xov. 1709. Three sons, 
Brian, I'Vrdiiiando, and Cliarlce, wen edu- 
ChIM at \Vfutniin&t<:r School. 

Bbian Faihc^x tlii-youiigi>r,b(>m II April 
1676, viitKrud «n ii qmvn'B m-liolur in 1090: 
was elected to Trinity Call(!p',Cftnil»ridffp, in 
1003; pnK«e0cdB.A.1S(l7,iinaM.A. J7(X>; 
beeomo fellon- nf Trinitjr in ]6&r< ; nnd vita 
oonmissioDur of customs from l~'2S till his 
d-atli.OJnn. 174!*-9(/?«i/. .Ifay.!710,p.4t). 
llu eolk-ott'd a valuaMi' library and a gnllery 
of iMctiirt-* lit lilr^li'iiisf in Piuitnn Sqiinn\ A 
cuiiUuefiiC! of tb« library prvpaiatory 1o a rale 
by auction was prititci} in April l7o6. But, 
by a «ub«equcui iumiii,'>i:iiu'-ul.tbi' wlioluwas 
anld toMr.f 'hild of Oftt.?rlev JVk, Middleacx. 
It ranainM at 0*(crlcy till May 18S5,when 
il was gold by Sutlu-by foribi- t^arl of Jvtwy. 
A ratalogno of Brian Fairfnx'd pin urea and 
euriusitiee wiu i»tucd in ITSO. They weri! 
lln-n in t.hi- jiiKWSBionof iiolit-rt FairfAs.wbo 
r«aidcd at Leeds Castle, Kent, and Wcame 
aeveiitb I*rd Fairfax on tbt- dpaDi of his 
l.l>rothiT Thomna in 1782. FI:Hnl?fA^DO was 
Leiccted from Wi>stminiiter to Triiiit? College, 
reambridf^', in IB&I, and pmcowlc^ B.A. in 
1097. CHARU»,«lec<»Klttil.'bri«tCIiun.'li, Ox- 
ford, in 1702. wftft Af*]i of Down and f.'ounor 
from 1722 till liia di<ath ou 27 July 1723. Hn 
ix diwcrihed B-i * a good aeboUr in thw old 
Iri,'.hcharBcttfr'(OoTrox,F*'r»£lfv/M. fftAern. 
iii. 2'27; WiTtrri, Alunini tl't-xtmniioft. pp. 
S-.'-l, 2-2S, 2W; information frma Mr. C. K. 
Markham, C.B.) 

|l''Hirr«x C^rr«*p. Tot L and introd. i Civil 

War.TOl.ii.; C.R.)IarUuua*sni«-o(ibetiiiiO 

Lnrd Fairfax ; Herald and OaiMlufin : AaalccU 

j Fairraiinon (raanuacript) ; Douglas and V/nod'i 

If crn^fo uf ScutUnd, i. Jt63-0.J T. P. 



FAIRFAX. Sib CHAHLES (^jt, 1< 
soldier, was the fourth sou of tjir Thon 
Fairfax oflK-ntonandNun AnpIc<t<jninVoc 
Hlure.and brother of 'ni<imaii,lin<tlnnl Fnirf 
[q. v.] ]Ii3 was bom in or about IfiS?, and 
wlivn vury vounc he vt^nt with his brother 
to serve on^ & FranciA \>rt< in tlie Ijow 
Countries. OhoiLes became a difllingtushed 
commandor. At thu battle of Nieuport : 
mllii]^! th(! Hnj^lish companir^s at a mil 
moment with di-ttinsuiabed ^Ilontrv, and| 
Wtt* one of the defenders of rtond. By it 
of ^ir Francis Vurv ha went to the camp 
the Archduke Albert as a hosta^, aaci be 
fuu^ht in the bnwch whonlhvSpaatshforcMS 
a.'Xiiult,^] ih'- worloi in December IBOI. In 
1(J() 1 Fairfax was nt the siffgo of Sluys, com- 
ronndin? troops vrhich routed the Spaniih 
freni'ral Velawn. The dale and manner) '" 
death bare not been ascertained. Vmi 
oftboSirCharlcsFairfaxtnthe'Foirf 
respondeiH!e'(t. xix> is erroneotw. lie 
nercr ^vemor of Ofitcnd. and tm c>.'rUiti 
was DDt elaiu in ihu uuuiu.t and ai the ti 
there titatMl, for Ite won aftem'erds at 
siepe of Sluys. 

(V'are's ContnientariM r FaWax Corrospoo 
en«i, i. xix; C'leraenla It. Vsriihatn'a Tbe Fipli 
iuK VVnw. p(>. 279. SOI. 308. 3-Jl,3'2-1.32A. it 
M0.3fi7.4M.j C-R.M.I 

FAIRFAX. ntAni.ES (1507-167^ 
antiiiuary and irenealo}iiEt, born at Itcntun in 
Yorkshiru Ti Marfih loft7, wai* t^-- ^-"--■nb 
and third survivinsrsonof StrTIi ■ ■:- 

■wards first I»rd) lairiJBX [q. v.] I-. i 

Trinity Collvp-, C'-ambridgf, 7> thi. 
and wan rii1l<;d to Ibc bar at Lincoli 
Q March 1618. Al»ut lO'j" be marriwl .M« 
fioltf heiress of tho Breary funiily, of Hem 
Hall in tlm fonwt of KnonAborough 
Mcnslon. IIU life was openi chicrty "n 'ii< 
wife's patrimnny iit M<*ni<toti, Yorkr-ti ■ 
tli9 tnu>tttd counpellor am) fiulbful um^ - 
■)f bis family. At Memtun he wa.* witlm 
few milea of his patomal home, at I^ston. 

A few days befotv thi- buttle nf Mar^U 
Moor (2 Jnly 1644) Cromwell hnd olhi-r p 
liam'-'ntary U'sdors held a iMnfi-reiice at I'l 
)«x'» bouse at Wenston, around s table noW( 
Fsmlpy Uall, Yorkahiiv. Whil-^ hi-" onph. 
Sir ThomM. aft«Tw»plii third lottl, diil mil 
lopWiKTTi' tbe miuRterand sn-hivL-* at Voj 
Charim was engaf^ed 'with lii-* brother ut 

Siuary, n»ifrorI>«l*worth [q. T.l, ill '' 
or and nweuo of many VBltiabl- 
documents. In It^ti be wsa hi; 
liift bmtbcr. Fu^linando, Mwond lorii Kiiirfl 
fq. v.j, stt?wanJ of the conrt* ftt ripiin. 'ii 
during ihi' biter yean of tbi* Con 
he waa iitduced to take B«rvic« 



Fairfax 



131 



Fairfax 



JH, a. poaiticn wliifh be hold in Monck'a 

' in Sivitlan.t M ih>- riirn- of ll)i> Ito^ttorft- 

[>n. rjmti Monck's uiorch i«(« Yorkshire 

Urai uiiik.iiii.'d e'Jvrrnor of tlio lowii of 

I Hull. Tlii-iiliwhelwldonly 

'itid then n-tired to liU uult- 

I Ulflmty punt nib! ut Momton willi 

" lOOf. « JtMT, gnni'rd liim hf 

I n tint of lliD cusldms at, Hull, tie 

: iu December ltJ73. Tlit- registers of 

I |)ui«li cfauTcU n'mnl hi* Ixiriat, luid 

iotMf-vfite to IGo", but there can be 

wen; l»ilh liuried in the Fair- 

'■.' the pariih cliiirch i»t OtU^y 

I' ii«rlesF«iT&xiin<]lhe.-|jin/<v/(j 

"I), wfaere there ie a murut monu- 

^■■ui ;.i ilii-ir roemnrv. 

Amoni: hi-" riiil.iron w<rre twin brother*, 

■'■'■ " ■ ■' II ihvnrniyiUid tlutir^'Iij.r.], 

i ^dakn Ciilleg.', Oxfunl, imd 
vli, who wi.TD BO altkn ad I o be 
l>f"' Ijt tln*ir own mother, 
wrote II work vet in maniiMrript, 
■f whiili iinibwMyonlyiwy copies eiiHl. 
ititlvd ' AasU'cta Fairfuxiuna/ It contaiiu 
iign*^ cajT^fiilly nriitea sad bluoned on 
luiD, of alt this brnochus of tbo Fairfax 
and of many of the families rnn- 
1 with it, inlenperwd wilb nienv fifi'nf n- 
rTesI and litvrarr uutiv, and uI)out fifty 
— «m*, i-^iTrams, and pifgii's in l^tin, 
ir^ ■ ■ ni the iien of the rompiler. 
:ii m<^tU-niof the farailyaud 
rc'.'nrivivns. Rrion raitfax, thnnojilirw 
icominlfr, nayn: ' He was au exceUv>iit 
r, bill deJiirht^^ mriiit in antmuilies. 
hwh Ivft many i-alwible colh'Ctions of 
kind. Hf haili t'^ft a most lanct pwii- 
' of our familj nf I'lilrfai, jirovpd by evi- 
(r* ' iF.Krf,,,- CurrtjtftvndfHrf, i. 267), 
ISS. arcnowat Lo«>ditC*i«le, 
: \ I. 

iirpTvervatifMi of tbo \tt- 
|t I'Hti us thu 'DodswOTth 

L,' onw in ihf il'"ll<'iftn l.ilirnry at Ox- 
wu the jiiiu: work of Fairfax and 
DorUworfh, nnd tlify wera for K>aw 
ID tio can? of the fnmier. It ift usually 
KtMl that liiini Fnirl'nx gaTi" thew Toluun.-* 
I'M) t<i tlic Rodlfian ; hut in a not« to an 
T ' ■ Tru: ill AtlijrljiiryV 

lairfax it i« staitil 
il>-iir_^ ruriru, dean ofNor\vir_h 
rlwtl, who trJiv.' ■ |{ojfi.T I)nd«- 
roiiimm of ixilWtioiui to lift 
ily uF Oxfiiri.' 

■ ri!' ■' ' '■■"■' r- -'.ThflOHMthiyl 

n'a Inn, nc- 

<i-o miidii ' to 

! ;rownfl, knc, 

. .-:_U'JU pleu, . . . 



Ihn wtid books to r«iuia as my ([ift and 
Icffary in thn public libmry of the said houne, 
of which I formerly had the honour to be a 
member.' 

[Aulaeta Fwrfimaiia (naatiseript) ; Pairfai 
Coir«^)aadaDce: AttarboryCorroaponiicuni; He- 
rald and OwiMlntfiat, tjapunaher IdTO; Ilnrt'i 
Lenun 00 WharUale.] T. P. 

FAIKFAX, EUWAIU) (d. 1035), trana- 
Utor of TaMo'a ' OenisaJcininK l,il)^nit«.' was 
a eon of Sir ThouaA FaiHax of Denton. Vork- 
idiirp. DougluH Myn t but hv w-as bom to Sir 
ThiKnas 'by Dorothy, hL* wif^*, dnn^htcr of 
fioorgH Oald of Aschiim (Iranae. K**j. ; ' btit 
ill the * Visilalion P.xiiirrcfl,' 1585, there i» 
no Edward among the children of ^ir Thomas 
Fairfax by hi* wife, Dorothy Uali-' ; and 
l(oi<vr UixUn'ortb, in ' fianuli el S(.'ritiior«a 
Ebor.,' states (hat ho was a nattiral non. 
Thorveby, iu ' Ducntus Lcodivneis,' phioea 
Edward and bin brolUt>r, Sir (HiarLes, among 
ibo sotifi of ffirl'h-Jmui-Fuirfu.but counenK 
ihi'iii only with a liue nf ilnt", ' thvia inti- 
mating that there wsB snnii>thing pi>ciiliar' 
(lIi.t.vTi:K,GfioriM t'atuni). FM ward was bom 
atl'^^dsin'anancienthoiifMneai'thechiirch.' 
lie nuuried a sister of Walter Lavcock of 
Copmantborpo, Vorkahirc, chk'f aulnager of 
the uoithem countiva, and several of bin 
children were bom in Leeds. 

Ill ItHW he publiahed • Uodfray of Bul- 
Inignc. or tlie Itecorerie of JeruMdem. Done 
into English hcroicall vunw.',* fol., the firm 
ciiiiipWn trarolatiiin urTaMo's'QvnualemiBa 
I.il>erata.' Tht* work 1^ dedicated to Queen 
Elizubi.'th in four six4tn>.* stsoias, and llw 
diNlication in followinl hy a pnMC ' Allcj^orio 
of lh>> Fficm.' Kitdinrd Carew had pn^viiiu-iJy 
tran«lutod a portion of the poem, ami Fair- 
fax made ftltl oeo of hijt prKdeocaeor'^ Inboura. 
Ilm in rf<fineffl«ni and poetic in&liuci Fait' 
fax far fliirpa««>« not only Carew bnt the 
traiulaton of later limes. Urian Fairfax 
atat«a that ' King Jam«a valued it aboii^ all 
oiUur Enuiish pootry,* and that it solaced 
fHiarleji I in ihe time of hta conllniimrnt. 
Drydcn in tlio i^o&ce to his ' Fables ' say? : 
' Many Wiiidvf rayaalf baro Ix-anl our famoua 
Waller own that he derived the liarninny of 
hifl numlwr from "Oodfrey of Pulloiffn*-," 
which wrti liimi'd into Kngii*!> by Mr. FnJr- 
fn\.' Uq the other hand, Ben Jonson, iu one 
nf his conversations with Dmmmond, gave 
it as hifl opinion that llio tmiuUtioD was 
' not well duni-.' A second edition appeared 
in UM4, fol., and in 1&L7 ihu work was edited 
by .**. W, Hinder, 2 vol*. Svo. 

Fairfax also wrote twelvaeclo^iM. Rrian 
Fairfax suy? tlial llwty weni written in the 
first year of Jam'>s 1, and lay noglected in 

k2 



Fairfax 



>3* 



Fairfax 



the aiiUinr'n Ptady for ten yevB, wLon a 
Inuucript was tDiid«> for t.hri DuIcm of Kich- 
mond nndliCiiDOX. This tr!in<irnpt war faunit 
in the banqueting bouM »t \Vliiti>b&U. At 
a Inter tUtc the po?t'« ton WilUnai rediB- 
covvnyl thvnrtffinu amoii^ iLe looee papers 
in hi* rather'» lioran', but no compl>.'ti? wdiin- 
acript copy U now ka'fwti. Mrit. Cooper, in 
*Tbi.' MuM-8' Library,' 1737. printed ihe fourth 
rclngu*", ' Eftlon and Alptin,' from a miinii- 
script (containing tin' twolvi; jrit-c-s) id Ihs 
IKMWMtori of tht- Fairfax fHinily. Another 
eclngU)? has heea priutvd in ' l'hilijbibU>n Mis- 
wHoniw.' vol. xij. Ii i» highlv nroWMi? thnt 
a poem in Addit. MS. IU73; IT. 5-0 (which 
manu!icnpt conlnina many popOT* nOaling to 
th» Fairfax fnniily),entillea 'Kdnga Ocuva. 
Ida nti'l Opilio,' is on^ of thi> ]<»\. »clof^iiNt. 

KftirfftJC livod a i*tiidiou» and retir&d life. 
Ou tho aulhority of llrian Fairfax w*. learn 
tlint ' ha was v^ry sor^-icffablp to hi« brother, 
I^rdFairfkx.iutno^ucalionof hischildren, 
th" pivfTOiai'Ut of his family, and all bis 
aJfairi^.' \h: rvsided tit Nowhnil, in ihi; parish 
of Fuist-on, Vyrkidiiiw, In IRlM two of hja 
daui;hr.-rs. vfcrf nupposed lo bo bewicchi-d, 
und Fairfax drew np u full acvniint of lh« 
afiair. Thin ourioti!) dorument is printed in 
' Phitubililon Mi9c«Uaui«.' vol. v., under thn 
title of ' A l)i»«»wr*tf of ■\Vir<;hcraft. .\b it 
was acl^^d in th« I'ainily of Mr. Edwai>d Fuir- 
Dix of Fuystone in tbt" County of York. in the 
y«irI621. From the Origioal Cony writtto 
with hi« own band.' In l.ho pTOniCc to thu 
< niATonrse * Fairfax dcBcribea himself as 
'm-ith^ra fanranlic Puritan norauperstilious 
Papi it, hilt sn Mjltli'd in conacicnco thai I have 
the sunt gTQitiid of Ood'a word to warrant all 
I twlii-v<i, uiid tlie commendablfl ordiuanooa 
of our RniBlish Ohurch to npprorp all I prac- 
tise.' ThedomMlic troiihli^attrihuliHl lotlie 
machinal iona of ihw rcpntwl witcbt-e con- 
tinui*4l until April Itltt't. K'ttrfax wa« buritxl 
at Fuistonon'J? Jan. 168.'»<Krrrn!K, Chfinu 
Vaivm). Hia vidow waa buried on SI Jan. 

Brian Fairfiix moutionnlbat fu^reral lelt^n, 
• wbi<:h d.-^tTTo \a b* puhliahcd,' pii»!«d be- 
tween Fairfax and tb« lU>niifth prient, John 
Dorrfll fOarrol], tht-n a priaoner in York 
Caitlc.onlhuflabjectof thepopu'eeupremacy, 
infalli>>ilitr, idolatry, &c. Ilodjtworlh, who 
dt>9irrribfi« Fairfax aa ' a flinifulnr pj^holar in all 
kind of h'QminB>'Btat«8 that he wnrtu a' His- 
tory of i-y ward tin- Black Prinr^,' which waa 
not publifihtKl. William Fairfax, lh>> Iraus- 
lator'ii fldest eoo, a scholar of aomit n>put*, 
wna ' Rrammat ical t ntor ' of Thomae Stanley, 
tin* fiTilor of • .'hVbyluft,' 

(Lctlar <if Btiftu Fairfax to Atterbury in 
Attvihury Curreapood«t>ce.iii. 255^£>; Uunt«r> 



Chonii Vatam ; Tltoreahy's I>»catB8 LnoJier 
I lid. Whilnknr. j)p.3».B1i ■ A Pitojiinir of WilcJ 
cnv/l.' Philobiblon Mi*c^Ilnni». rul, v. ; Ml 
CuupcrV Mb««' Library, 1737; ColUer's Bit 
Cat. t. aa7-9.] A. It. B. 

FAIRFAX, FERDI NANDO, seeoi 

BAROir FaIRPA^I of Cnmerou in the peer 
ofSoot]aBd(l.'}84-14l8).^n of Thomas Fau 
fax, flr»t baron ^i\. v.]. ofll-.-uton in Yurk»hir 
and Klli^n AhIcb, waa Ijoni 29 March l-V 
{Mabxuah. ffreff^ /yjrt/ >'«■»/««■, p. 0). Fa 
fax niarrii'tl in 1007 MnrT, daugntnr of tl 
third Lord Sh«ffipld Ci'A.'p. 7). His fatl 
"*emi' to have winhod to malcvbim a "oldi 
for h« is reportwl to haTi* said : ' I sunt hii 
! intotheXeluerlnnda to train him upasoldiij 
and ho makcA a tolerable country jnsticf), ba 
is a more coward at ti|i;htin^ ' |iA. v. 12), 

In th» lost two parliamcnta of Jamf-s 
and the fint four parliaments of (.'barl*^ 
Fairfax repro*«>tit<:ii lloroughhridge {lUtur 
of Hames of yf^mherir rttttmrd (« trrvf 
Pnrlinment, lh'7>'l, llinfathftf hwjuuoK 
Fairfax of Caroi-mn in 1U27. to which title 
Sir Ferdinando Buccwd»d 1 May 1IJ40. In 
lV» flr.« Scotch war hi- had pommand^yl a 
r^ment of ib'.> Yorluhire trained bonds. Ihu 
he dofta not bcr^m to hava talii.*n any part in 
tlivat-cond war(MABEliA«,pp. 27.31). Im-he 
Long parlinia'^tit lie r«pr««eutcd the county 
of York, sided with the popular [uiny, and 
WfU onf of Ihr coinmitl<»n char^'*d lo ptvi.^nt 
thf Grand Remonstrance (UrsHWOitni. ir. 
43fl). In relijfious mnlli^r* hi" apponr* ' ~ 
have df>Hir<>d the limitation of the |)awt<rH i 
tlio bishops, hut he expreMi.'d himnvlf o" 
pftsfd lo till- alteration of th^ liturgy {Fair 
/oj: Corrftpondence, ii. lJ-0). When th* kir 
left t)ie parliament and establi'ht-d birn»«l 
at York, Fnirfnx was one of ihe oominittitfl* 
of five wnt (hither by parliament lo repr»- 
N^n[ it and watch tht* king'* actioiut (lii* in- 
slructioni^, dotrd C May 1012, and bis lett* 
to pari iam'^nt ars prinlwl in thr 0/rf Ptrjii 
mmtirv Wflory, x- 403. 511, 018 29 1. II 
aigTunl ihit proli-ml againnt ibe nri?*cnt uibB 
of the rovaliflt grand jury of Ywrkfibli 
(29 AuR. ift42>, and n»c<-ivi"-«l Ih« Ihnnks ■ 
the Hoiim of Commnna for so doing (Rti 
wOBTH, iv, 't4H). Shortly after, at a ni" 
in)^ of the partisans of the |)arlliiTi>'nt 
I^ot-ds, he wa» fhoM*n lo commaml lii.i jn 
liamontary forces in Yorkshire ; ili 
was approvi.yl by parlinni-'Ut (27 Si. 
rec«iv>-d a cocniiiisaion f 
in Pect'mlier ( Fnir/a.r ( 
Ki'ticWorth, v. !)1). A ir.ii V .11 iiiiiiiiil 
between thp leaders of the twiitanit'S iutl 
CDunly wa* Mfi^cd al It- t-'M- 
20S»pt. Iftl2. to which Fair' 
latiug that it should be void .;.... ;..j>i 



ami, which boilr At nnr>t annullt^d 
u«il {Fuirfar CV^rropywrfwiw, ii, 
^tCMWOKTH, iv. (iWrt; fJM l\trliiitnnt- 
ti*ttT^, x\. 443). CUivndon uafoirly 
> witl) lurliily ID afi)tiiiwciiij? 
. i Jlelrliiou, vi. 21)0). Fair- 
' 'i-'aiJi|uarterft ill iUmWcaI 
KkL' ^ 1 ui lim in bWkiidin^ 

i»;- 111 ■! iirk. Thp- nrnviil of ii 
lint ftmi y ffnu Oie iifirt h muler the 
lewcaftilo ihrsw him na tb" dt'ffu- 
itr, onil hn wft* ohlixtnl Ui n'trt-nt. Iwhind 
Oobg uid BAtahlLth bin h<!iul[|iiJirU3rB at 
wlbr (7 ll>-c. 1WL'>. F»irfn\ now l».-rHnif 
anuvtsl in a C'lnirovm' ^\-it!i NcweiiMlc 
»inj; [mm ihe i^iTMi-lfiMKttiom [Hilfliftlwcl l>_v 
tiro piirtif?, I'urli(im(?nt piiUi^tbi.-d ii 
ition of Fuirfsx in a tlrclurat ioii of 
le43, and he himself rppli(.J to the 
I of Ui» oppouvut in 'Tht- .■Viiswer of 
akndo L/>rd Kairfrut to it tAM:laraiioa 
^UUun Earl i>t' Npwfasllf;' (Hl'sH- 
r/Mirn. T, 131, i;j9i. In Mnrrh thi- dewtr- 



ITuffh OholmW [1). \.j Rtid Sir 
'sm fij, v.] obtigeil Ffcinax lo re- 
u -. n.v to LecilA. lo I<e«d* ht» 
^i'ullv Kitfickfed by Xewoastle 
v. Lrttert uf Qurfit lltnriflta 
V'-rr. Aulirw, 'I't Ai)nl), and 
i.-«ir^bj- liiin with jiT«;»t ions ou Ad- 
i&loor,owrBndford.un30June 1043 
njicm, V. S7W; Makkham, p. 107). 
rwrfas with A few follDWftrs mode his wbv 
]l, of which bf »«B "pfwintmi jtovrrnor 
I July (Fturfa.! fJitrfrtiMWit^nn/', iii. 49- 
ThCT* he was besieged by Ncwcsstlw 
hin ? Sq>t, to It Ui-t. iW3. F«irfn)t's 
iinl of the ^«Uy which lud to the raJGing 
thn »ti.>);v wu {luhliibed in a pamphl«i: 
itJcii] 'A I^'ttur fnjm Fcrdinuitlo liord 
i'airfiu lu bi^ E\wil»iiiey Itobt'rt Earl of 
fX,' 4tu, IIM.'i. Hi» ne?ct exploit wasthe 
|i«r«al. of r'i>laDt.-l J'jbn Ik'llasi^ ut .Si'lbr Oil 
II April IRH, whni Fnirfax bim.'w^lf hJone 
llm divisiomi whirb etonnyd tho town 
^UrmiKoia-M, v. 018). ll<' ih.-n joiuwl his 
till; StiiitH (_IQ .\pril), and coto- 
Itfae w*Kv of York. At Miirgloii 
lirlax'* iinny was etfttk-msl on the 
right of tbtf ["trliuin'-niury line, ami becoin- 
'^ it* iiifanlrr in {>er»oii. Currii'd away 
njul uf bis Iniopu, hu is faid by Lilly 

1im! nv fir ri- ('aw«l>d < Tji/r arid ViVflM 

! 181*2, [1. 176). hut he 

o (111' n:iiviirof Hull to 

<it the battle 

■ • ,i/i'in$ uf (At 

iJB^/^HM, l*.Ui;ij lU'aiiwoitrn,v.6&4, 

KiJiily liU4) 
.', aiid charged 



with the r.-diicti'in of ihi" remaining royutiet. 

fam^oDs in York&hin>(KusuwoiiTit, v.Oll). 
a IttecJMDbcr ho capluFed the i.owa of I'oniv- 
fraci, but was unable lo take thtt nutlc or to 
prevent its rellvf by Sir Manna<]uli6 Jiaiiudiilo 
ui March (Surte^a Societ}/ Mifrrllanett, fSGl ; 
Sieyr ofJ\intr/rar-i, jip. 3, ft, 16). The pA«(ing 
ut the i>f>lf-(h'nyhig ordinance ohli^;¥td hitn to 
rttign his cumiiiunJ, but he conliniwd onfl 
of I hi? cliit-r mi-uil)'-r> of Ibn commiltr*tf v»la* 
blishtKl at Y(irk for ihH govirmment of the 
nurtht-m coiintiM, On 24 July l(!45 {Kirlia- 
mfnlab<)ap|iniiit>-(l him rttewunliifthi^ manor 
of I'ontefrucI {OUi I'arliamfiitanf IJi-nl'iry, 
KIT. 27). Foirl'ni diMon 14 Marth ltJ4)^, m 
coii-o^jiii-iivi.' of nil accidt-iit, and uaN huHtHl at 
lioItMnI'«;rry(M»liKirA.W,p.y03), Rv his first 
wife, M 017, daughter ufLurdiShvlTn.-Id, bg had 
iaflui> Timmiw, nflt^rwanU third loni Kiiirfox 
[q. v.], Ckarltui, who b<.t.-atn4! colonol of horw 
in tim pnrlianivnlmy' ftrniv, nnd wai> kilh-d Hi 
Morelon Moor, and ftixiLiti^btere. In 1046 ha 
married Uhoila, daughlrT of Tliomaa CThup- 
mfin iif lifTtfordrthinr, nnd widow (if Thomai 
HuiiMy of Lintxitiuihirv, by wh'jin he bad utW) 
datightor (Fair/a^ drrrttp'Mdeitff, t. preface 
p. U\v, iii. 3l'0). 

The will of Fairfax, together wilb a poem 
oil hi« duath, is printi-d in tbi' ' Fairfax Cur- 
n-Ajjumli-iici" ' (i. prKikcR p. Ixxxiv). A li*t of 
pictutM, rngraTuiffa, and medaU rcnnw-'iil- 
ing liiin is nii'i-n by Miirkh»m (/.^fr fjA'A* 
Ormt I*ird Fttirftti-, p. 4i«), Porirail^ are 
alf) pivjn by \K*n {EngianiT* Worthtu, 
lt(47,p. •1ii),and Ricraft ^C^M^iU(/£^ 
Uind, l(il7, p. 26). 

tPiiirf^ CuTna[>uud«ue«. toIb. i. ii. 1848, cd. 
niKio, iii. ir. 1840. ed. Uell: MarfLltam'i Lif« 
«r the ar«ut L-ml Fairfax. 1870; Pari. Hi*I. of 
Knttlnud, 17A1>a3. 8fOi Uu»hwoclh'« llt>>larU«l 
CoU«lioB8.] C.H. P. 

FAIRFAX, Sib r,V\ id- 149r,), jii.lpi, 
WH8 of a YorkHhin^ fainily, and third M>n of 
fUchnrd Fairfax of Walton, by his wife, .\iin- 
nlftsia, dftiight«of John Cart h')r|»'. H«i"iufi»- 
liouod {Svt. IWl. iv. 164 I in UJl a** ft-'iswl 
of 1 1ll- niiuiitr of lluiiipldtiic, hfiup th«n virrj 
Timiip. From bit fathi-r he iMlii-Tite<i tbo 
mantir uf Stwttm in Yorkahir*. wh^in- hi* 
huih a tiiallif. At firul be iwvtna to uare 
b^eii occupii>d wilb piindy local biutinras. 
He WH« in lhi> fonnniaaion of array fur Iho 
We«t iUdiog in 1435, nud in 14tiUwaa uom- 
misBmned to inqiiirt- what lunda there were 
in that riding bclon^ng to Kichord, diiko of 
York, who had been atiaint^'d in tha previout 
mrliami'nt. Onu of hia cuUeagUM waa Sir 
William I'lumirton, whose counsel be aft«r- 
warda was in I4t)0. Hv fin^i appuora in the 
yt-or-books in Mtcbovlnuia 1463 aa a aarjaant 



'an 



134 



•airfax 



BOd member ofGnf's Inn. Ou^April l4t)R I 
be ■vn» appotnt«d lung-'a aeiji-Anr, Ana in tl7(l 
bceunu rveoider of Vork. He was ni»ed to | 
a judreAliip of tli*; kiDgV benrh and is finl 
mootionou an u judgt* tn Trinily U-rm 1 177. 
In tliUoHiotf ho won an honourable reputn- 
tioD. and <» A Oct. 1483 tiu rca-ived * gnnt 
of A luiiidrctl infj-ktt y<wHj in iidditian to bia 
Milsty. He troA cantinoAd in his judgediip 
un each sulMi>jquent dt-nuso of tb» crown, and 
undvr F.dwnm V iM^-iunc ciiwS jufttice of 
iMaonaeTifiraHtso/Hdvarrt V,0). Uodted 
in 149ft. liy bin wife, MarKitrvt, n dimirbtCT 
of Sir WiUiun Ityther. b*> bud n'lx childrtm, 
four sona(llieeliii»t., William, a uidge of tii« 
common plriu under Iltniy \uT) and two 
daugtten. 

rPow's JndflMof England; Ymt-I*oo]u. 3 and 
IT Kdiratd IV; Dpaie"a York, p. 3«3; riuniplon 
CoTTcapoti donee, Ui, Izri.] J. A. U. 

FAIRFAX, UKSnydflgS-lOO-Ufriond 
of '■>.'(irci> I^li.'rWrl, fourth unii iif Thomaa, 
Am Itird Fairffti [t\. v.], wna bom at Meatan, 
Yorkshire, iu 1 r>88. IliJa uncle, Kdward Fair- 
fax [q.v.l, who, says Brian Fairfax, wa* vt-rr 
aerviceabli; to bis brotlter, the first lord Fair- 
fax, in thi^ education of biAcliildren,iTaativinf[ 
■1 New Hall, rnhy, Yi-rkihin;, abont 1000. 
lleiinr Fairfax jiroiTtHiiiMl t'l Trinity CoUt'j^e, 
Oun^idffo, of which, in 1608, b« became n 
fdlow. Tn Ihy wun" juar OiMii;f[ii Ilerl»?rt 
entered Iba cnlle^ where be nlao obt olncd a 
fellowalup. Tbi.'^ wi*reinliniatv fn<-nd*>until 
Tlerbert'a death in lt»31. FairfiiX gnvft up his 
fellowflbip on accepting the living of Nvtvl^n 
Kj-tnc, YoricdiiftT, from hiH father. T\ui pr>>- 
fermcnt he exchanged for a fvw years for th« 
parisbof AfthtoD-in-Mnk*rlipld in Lanca^liirv, 
retuminp at the end rtf that time l/^ Xcwioii 
Kyme. ill? marrivd (second wifw) Mary, 
daughter ofSirllenrrCbolmcIoy of WTiit by, 
and bill n.'Ctory at Kuwtuu was during tbv 
civil war» 'a mfiige and a sanctuary tn all 
their fricnda and relatione on botli aides ' 
(Fair/<Lr M.S&) 

Fairfax took an actjie part in the un- 
iiucc*».*fni moremunt, nboiil 1640, lo obtain 
the fonndation of a llniY•^^9ity for llit^ north. 
Pelilionii w«re sent nn to parliament urjpn^ 
tbs ncoMeity of nucli a seat of Icamini;. 
York and ManclHMter oompcled wnntily for 
llus honour of reivivin^ it. Fairfax wrola 
lo lii« brother Fimlitiandu. thi-n M'Cond lord 
Fairfax [4. v.],20Mnn:b 1041, (ukiiig for Iii.t 
infliu-nco. In 1646 Fait^x was removed from 
New too KynM*totJieneif;liboiirin|f,and murh 
richer, wctory nf Roltnn P<»rcT. Uerp h« 
midxd for a f^reat portion of tbe time with 
bia nephew TbouuM, third lord Fttirinx fq.r.], 
as a pariabioner at Nun Appleton, until the 



t{i»tomti(in in 1660. At that lime, hia nnsi^ 
tion Wing donblfut, h« voluntarily witbtW^ 
In &TOurof a Mr. AViokbam, aiidretirvd tc 
private tMAtv which he had inhoritMl at (Jcli! 
ihorpc, Vorkshire. Iltire he dic-<l t> April l^K'ii 
He was buried in the choir of Dolton i\-ni 
Church by tlie sidt.- of Mary, bi^ 'wife, wbc 
had dtml in 1650. IIi« eldiMt aon liKnrr m 
cuedvd a counn o^ fourth lord 10 1671. lUJ 
•ecoud :iun, Brian, ht Mparatfly noticed. 

Fairliax was an adoiirahle pariidi I < 
Bonething of an aniiauarian and p. : 
Hi»ioamedbrn1biT,('linrlfaFairfm .(.i 
author of ' jVnal<K:ia FairCixiana,' fn'^jnt^ntli 

J.iintw from hi" nnte" mi anliounnan ana.^ 
amily Mit^i.'Cts, and .-vidi-iitly hold hisb'aro-j 
ing in the bighwt rvsji^ct. Nonf of hia 
works now stirvivo, •■tci^pt ^me nnagrama 
and vpiftraou in ' Analccta Fairfazuuia.' 

[T4trf4X CurrMpobdoicu ; Herald and Qenaa- 
logisl. October 1870; Analects F.iirfaxiaU-j^ 
nusoript); C. R. AlarkiMm's Admiral 
FBufax, where a notice of Uoury FairAx ' 
wn Urian is priot«d.| T, ' 

FAIRFAX, IlEXRY (16*1-1703), Jeanl 

of Norwich, was a twin son (with Jobnj of; 
Charles Fairfax [q. v.], atitiqultry and gene 
logist. Thouaa, Um bml L''iurfii.\ [q. v. 
wna hia grandfatbi'r. He wu^ ^iliicatml 1 
Miicdalen CollifH', Oxford, wherv ho grade 
alfd H.n. 26 Apr>l IGtiO.and [).!>. lOMarcl 
l«Ht>. lie was f-locitsl a follow in ltl5!». and 
wa» iK'nior (uUqw in ltk*7, when Jamw U wii-; 
dArivoured to force nn the r^oll-g*' ann^Jiiileat 
of his own cbooaing. Pairfnxeigneathepeli 
tion lo t)u.- kinf; (9 April Xt-Jiii ) \nf^a\n-! htti 
10 eaueul his deem.- ordering ibe fellows 
elect Anthony Farmer [«j, v.] Whtjn that 
nppral fnile<1 be rolod for a seL-ond pnlititiM 
to the MLine cilVf c (lH April), sndoti [7 Apr' 
took a prominent part ineIectin)i;John Llou 
to (be pre».'dent«bip. With ]xu uoU< 
ho wrtite to the Dukenf ()rmondt9(^)I>A 
ontrcaling his tntLnention with JameT 
l>n 6 Junvlir' wajt «ummoa>sl iK-fiim thecnj 
nf high rommi^ion at WhitKball. (hilS Juns^ 
h« was bi-oiight before J'^IFrfyi, pre^iili^nt of 
the court, pwlistttxl loudly a)^in*t iht* Tin>- 
ce^ding!!, denied their legalitv, and dM'liniMl 
to ngn nny answer to tno cliari^a broufrht 
againal him. Jeffrey* abuM^d him rouudlyj 
and told him he was (it for a madhouse. tSe 
m Juno 1087 the high court vommi-*aioner 
auHjitfndttd Fairfax from hi» fi!lI<iwKhi|i; but 
ho disputed th-J validity of thfi act, and stif 
ri-sidwl in tint college- Wlien tbu royal Con» 
niAsionen firsit viiiitM Magiialen on -20 Oct. 
Fairfax absented himself, although 1:" w-ia 
in Oxforil, wliereiiixm Im' wa* jr. 
coatamaciotts (Jl Oct.) lie appciL. 



Fairfax 



'35 



Fairfax 



'.vTi tli« ncit ddv, oii'l l"itiUy 

, lit i>f iLu king'ri Mtiw iioiniiiee, 

W**-"-' iVitit^r, bulio|i iif Oxrortl. to act 

H'A'-n' Ml* M"iiM ap^l, 111" eaid, to 

l<, ami with another 

., HigniMl a plniiilv 

: .i^uiiir-; Uii-|in»c«»-tVnia»of ilie 

Han. (fn Yning wnmm of the 

i\vniU"J him if tiw |iurai«tKl in 

witbrlriiw the ilocumriil, liut. 

- -' lti>d the cnllece aod bis 

■ bfxikB (26 Ocl-> On 

* *hip WHS filled n]i. On 

i- iiicliidi'ij in till.' <lecr^p which 

'' ■ -Tpellcil fellows of .M«K- 

'ly '"i-'cU'sini-ticiil lntn-Iirt', 

:i iif Jame-1 1 1 Kairfax w«8 

naborvd lv hb ft'Uow<ship (i5 Oct. Itit^). A 

Tnar latrr (US Oct. IBftS) h)- woa n-wordod 

[Tor lji» indnjwndaoci.' with thu deanery of 

[Nnnrich, find hti dii'd th«t> on 2 M«r 1 '*)'-, 

^4 W, being huriotl in thi> rjiihedral. 

Itc is cine of lfa« pemsns cri^iited 'wilh thv 

RoUionliip of'An lmp«nial Rolstion of the 

Tbole {wuceediiiga aguiiiM Si. Mary Mudalm 

XilWIj^-vinOsoD. ... in ItoT.'JOHy.ttlllioiwh 

it iM i»iiill]r cltumed for CliuHi-u AldwortD, 

lrir<>-iin<*i<!>>ni of tbe coUi^. 

["Bl..T'i»rt'H M<i)T'!t)''ii Collego nnd iAJOts 11 
V Onfunf llirt. Swc. ; Mrto 
: !iu4; Bishop Cnrtwri^Ul'* 
ti^i • (\..iiini. .-"ic.;, |ij). Si, b*. 02.] t>. I> L. 

TAX, JOHN" (Iiwa-ITOO), «i,-rtwl 

snoonJ finn i^if Itrnjiunin fiiirfnx 

"'t. 'iiL- ii.-d from KtimburKh, Suf- 

-^mih, daiight<-r of lloRor 

, uf jVsliwflllhoq»t?, Nwt^ 

)fuiii 10:^3. Th«<ii>hiliifltrubiiitni'> 

^1 ""l. V ^, *li" ■mhijiiUriiin, wit'* hia 

tfolk Fiiirfnxe* HI** 

ixfamilyof Wtilton 

:l: tiuitux djil(-«hi» n,*- 

irnin nn iuctdtnt which 

at: * the (.fiuppOMHl) 

I in ihticndlo.' Ho 



bri<V. 



H..\.he 

..i <L I. II >..' .,,..1 of Mnn- 

OJnn. Ittt4^i\idn)itu>d l4Jan.) 
of Tliitm'-' t;'-.'--. nit-.!t«<l. tie 



lifted in- nil 

JtUgftllLX 

Asscmliiv. ii" 



. ... II bythoAVMt- 

^d^iiitttl M.A. in 

-,<-liipl(> was tje4;led in 

■tlio 'ernoge- 

.1 V lo tlwiC'nin- 

A kinifor liouM of Uirdf.' 

if frt'Tv of BwrkicB- 

' UW, 6 vpar. 

> AcloflOOS, 



I Fairf&x continued ti> reside in his own 
hoLL»e lU llnrlfin^, and used bU »p|>orliuitt ies 
of prctichiii;>. ]lu reoeired ptrruniarY assist- 

' unci- from Painv Brook {tl. 'J'} July I'iSS, mgvd 
S->), widow .jf iSir Kohert Brook of roclMd 
Hall, near Yo.tford, Suffolk, a lady wlm, while 
thitilting ■Hparuli'ii) on acx'ount of noncon> 
foriniiy lln^■■asonahlp, 'r^Iii'Tnd manv Aoher 

' noni-onformielfi with gr&i^ hounty.' Un was 
al-'xt aitlnl hy hiit neighbour, John Mi'iulowa 
[ii . V. J, an ej ec t«!d iiiiiii«t«r nf good nroperty , 
w'ho uftera-andii marrird his niece. Fairfax's 
prworhin^ got him moM than one? inro prison. 
Of \\\n \in-l imprigonmiint there ia a full ac' 
count in Lis own loiters. OnTucsday, ■"> Jwly 
1<i70, Fairfax and otb«r iniui»Cers ath-nrkd 
the pariah church of \\'aliilwm-in-tho-\S'il- 
lowK, Suffolk. ' Aitor llic liturgy' was ruad 
liy the min!!>t«T of the pariidi n wrmoii wa* 
prt-acbedby a non-lic«asi?draini>t"r,'S!*'i)li«n 
Scjindarvt. Duriii}; ■•■rtiion Fairfax nnt) llvo 
otlior tniiti/rters were arr^lctl, and committed 
to the county j^jI at Hury St. Edmnndit. At 
the quanor s^f-sionA thi^y were rt'lcased on 
Utpir otrn recoffuUatict^s to appear at the ntjxt 
iLMin-. Tliriiid^'Wfori-' whomthryappcrtred 
was Sir Kichard Kaynsford. notod for nis &e- 
varitv to nrini?onf»rmisld. The grand jury 
founil u tru<- hill n^'aiu^l onv of thoni (8imp- 
iton); others. iucliwiiijt Fairfax, on *agi»niTal 
suggt»tiiKi 'of the just loci! who had (.■oiumilUtd 
tbt-iti, thsl lh«y wrm ' [wrxonB dangfrouM to 
ihp piihlic ppace,' Kfte wnt to prison by 
Itsyiwford 'till they should find surclifn for 
thiiir jTood hehaviour.' Aftpr 'fivfl niontha* 
close imprisonmeiit' in Bury pool, they ap- 
plied totWctiuimonplciiaforavrritof hah'^aA 
corpus, which ihcjuuRM were of opinion ihey 
could uot grant, and a<iTi8edapetuion totbe 
hng. On 18 March 14~l Fairfax was siill 
in prison. HtS8isterI*Tiscilla (rf. 17U'<),wlio 
was in the service of Reynolds, bichop of 
Norwich, uryvd hiiu (o conform. He pn» 
t)a])ly obtaiiipd his release at the following 
ii£siic ; and on the is^uc of the king's indul- 
gimce (lo March 1072) br> Liok out a liitt'nae 
as 'a pn'shyterian U-arher at tbi- bouse of 
Manfaret- Itoxer, Ni-edhnm Markel,' lhii« r»- 
.luminf; tW pa.itoral can; of the nonconlbnn- 
isl portion of his old parish. 

l^ioiigh uow in bis Aftti'th year, Fairfax 
entered on a renewed career of great adivily 
in tlie formation of noncoaformut rongrcja- 
tions. He pruaeliod 'aeven titoea in a fort- 
nioht,' bestdKK 'occaaional aermooa.' His 
palpil preparation wfui ' by racditatioa* rather 
tlwn by writin);, liut hiii discouncH worn r»> 
roarkable for their method and pertinency. 
He aided the settlement of Tuung miniaciTf, 
a» the ejected fiisd nut. tin tho d*'alh of 
0\\ta Stockton (10 Sept. lOSO), \xu took lU« 



Fairfax 



i36 



Fairfax 



ehaf^ of tlie nonMnfomuAl congrnSAtion in 
I|i«wiq1i, in addition to bis owu. Tbv iuile- 
{icni!<-nt soction formed a septtr*t« congi«n- 
tJuii in lUiW: im tliu iiwui' of JamM'B 'do- 
Clamtioa for libertv «f itiiudwjiiiB' ni-xt yenr 
(4 April), Iho jin«by;erians undor Fairfnx 
hired a buildiiifirforptilirK- woriilii|i in Hi. Ni- 
cholas parish. Timothy Wrighi. h^Miinr! \m 
tumsUnt nt I]]en-ich id 1098. Un 'J*\ April 
1700 Furfax omttwj) the i-vi'tiiiif mw'linjf- 
bouwiaSt. NiclioIatiSirecl (now iinilariunt. 
Hin work niw ilnnp. He died nl Itarking 
on II Aug. 1700. Tl»' fur*rml wrninn wm 
pmadiiMl on 15 Auc. iii thi* [•arish church by 
Snmiii^l Riiri'fq.v.] FaiTfnxwiissuwwidi'dat 
^fwdhambvlna^^iulDCpli'.- W.John Mi-wl'jwn, 
who in hin later years waa u^4l3T>il by Jofmph 
Priwtlev; BiiJ nl IpHwich by Wrig-ht, who 
died in November !"0!, «u[t-i! i-2. 

Fuirfnx □iiirrii.-'l KlixaWih. daughter nf 
William CowjH-r i>t .MiMbLiroiinb, I >i.>rbv»hin>. 
From his cldwl Ann, Nallmni-d (MiCil -ir?:J), 
KD* drM viidpd lli>^Ktfljl('8ofl_'n>-.'ririg, SuiTolli, 
who jirtMip.-3 an orijfinA] painting of John 
Fnirfnx ; a duplicalo a in lh» jfoxeusttion of 
tW Ham'ood^ of Ilal l i<.fnrd, de»c«uded from 
his daughter EUzahci h ( Ixirn 1 6(^ ), who mar- 
ried SmuuvI r^ludd of Coddttiiliani, SulTulk ; 
bis oUinr children wi;re Thomas (?) and 
WiUiam. 

llu pubruhfd : ]. < The I>ead Saint Rpuih- 
ing.'&<:., 1(!79, 4to (Ihin if KM'nnun preached 
III Dt-dham, Easox. nn 16 S.>pr. l(!iW, in m.> 
mory iif .Miitthi'w Ni'wcomeii [q. v. i; it was 
rt'purit'd to iSbHdon as contninin^ ' (fiiiiet'riius 
wonU'iil nn 'outrageous eonvuiiticli;;' thi' 
publication, whiph iR-ftrs Fmrfax's inilialn, 
wae made agoinet his eonM.-ni by Julin (.''ol- 
linRi'*, D-D. [q. v.j). -J. • np*<rtfirVfuor tnt^rii 
Ti/iijr n.^tot . . . lilt' of . . .0. StocKlon , . . 
funeral Bermoii," Ac, 1(591, \2uvi (dudicalcd 
totltoLady Brook; the si^riuon hiiit M-paniin 
titlfl-pngo, * Mors 'IViiuuphula,' &c.) Of ihu 



tliv Ipswii-h mM'tiiii^-lKMisie ; dedicnlMl to Str 
Thomaa (?iidd<m, ihumb^rliiin of tht city of 
I^ondoa). His funpRil rtiTinon ( 16711 > for 
Samuftlt^prinp.ejwied from Si., Mary 's.C'nx'l- 
ing, ix quoted by f'nhMnj-, but does' cot Hecm 
to nave been pubUshtd. 

(Funtml Swinon by S. IIiiTy, 1702; CsbraT'i 
Ar«oant, 1713, [<[>. 043 K|..tt63.6C2«>[].; WnlkeVl 
Suffiringa. 17l4,ii. H3 ; I'ltbner'a NoocDnf. Me- 
Boriitl, l&03.iii.:i49(innki«bimofC)iriiitOhiircli, 
Oxford): '^iMon* Ih^t. <'<jllrt,-() of Camu» 
Chriiti (UnU), IB3I i Tii;b>r'« ^aflolk Burtbo- , 
loouuw, 1$I0, p. U tq. (cixf* origtBAl l«ltl^r•, 
Mi*«r«.acd podigTMs, iind lilbngropiiMl [ortraii 
B7 Weld Taylor}; V»*u» Enag. Nonoont iu 



tuMS. 1 fit)3. p. 383 ; ItfnirDi-'i H nl. Voagr. Nc 
HDi] .■^tiK. 1877, pp. 367, SSU, SUO. 491, i93 ^.ll 

A 0. 

FAIRFAX. JOHN (1804-l877),jourmd^ 
istaiiil iiii-inbiTof lb'.' li-gLilulivv uouncil, Ni-^ 
South \V'ule»,wii« born m Warwick, Engl* 
in lt*tii. After a abort tira« spi^nl at Krhmt 
he waa, nl. ihu ikgu of iwnlvt-, anprentioi-d t< 
a pnuti;r in hii^ native luwn. Huriug mtve 
hia time be went tii Ixmdon and worked fut 
i!omu yt-iin on thv ' Morning Chronidi>' n"W(j 
|Ki|H'r. Hisni'xl itttTp n-nc ti< cvit up kh prints 
and bookseller in l>-amin;nnn, nciir hU home 
and friondii. He nl>ii <iiMnt.-d u Dewii)ia|*?r|i 
and, luiviiig marrii-d, ^-ttb'd don-n as a lefld-^ 
ing membdr of ibe coagn-viiiional lH.>dv ill| 
thui town, BiieincM proHp^rod fur a witttt 
but hi» newnpaper brought biiii into trouble^ 
for, in con»H]uencR of some srrict.unu on »• 
public otfirt/r, liv vau^ prosocutiyj for lihtd, 
and, thoMgU iho dt-ct-iion wsm in hi* favour, 
iho co8t» wvro more (ban he cwuld ih'-n par. 
Hi-. i!EiiigTnte<) with hbi vmnK fiunilriand uii 
2fi 8ept. 1IW8 hp arc-plVd th.^ .iflicr ..f libra- 
rian lo the Auflnilian ^ulwcripttoci Lihraiy 
in Syliii'y. Krt- lotijf he wi»« enga^'vil by 
Mr. Stokes, the proprietor of the "Sydnty 
Morning Herald, then ■ iM-wi-ekly pajMV, In 
utslti in the work of editing and puhlmhiji^. 
In l»41, in conjunction with Mr (.'hurlci 
Kemp, and aided by manv frionda whoAf 
confini-u<rt> hi- iiad ^itn-d, lie ItHik the bolil 
step of buying th«' • IIiTald ' of Mr. Srokt 
(.VhivitImI into u daily morning pBp«'r, thfl 
* Herald ' wion bccanii' and Alill rvmaiiis the 
leading journal of Knstvru Audtrolin. lit' 
Ifii'il Fmrfax vi.4iif-d ICnglfiud. where his firtt 
eare was lo pay oil' all debts tb«l be hod \ettf 
unpaid in Lenmini^on tliirteen years birfur 
U4^tKmillg to Sydney in iVSS with large ad- 
ditions lo his knowlfl^.- uf |irtitt mgiirucesaec^ 
and newspaper work, be bmight out bit fritmif 
and paiint^r, Mr. L'. WuL-h, and bteam>>!»>U 
proprietor of thrt 'Sydn^v llcmld.' H.- after 
wurdi> made Ilia Bims hi? partoi'rH. A cit'ond. 
ri-HJI lo K»g!nm! (in ISfCJ) cuabM bim stili_ 
further lo develope bia oowki;ga Mtabllsb-' 
ment in Sydney. 

He loo)< an active part in tlie rarioiiA i<t 
teq)n«f« of his time. Iwtb bnnovolent iui4] 
IiraottCfll, had h large Hhare in ibe estnblinh' 
ment and management of thu AustraliaitJ 
Mutual I'roridcnt riooiely, ami rfmoiae 
always a moH iisefid memiNT of tltn 
gTt-|i;al iimol body. Onlr once lie presentc 
bimsclf as A candldn'.e for th« legiidait« 
OKwmbly, whpn he was defeated. In I87C 
hi) became a menilicrof tbo council of educA- 
tion, and iu 1871 lie was a)ipuintfd n mem- 
ber of th.> le,n*Utive coitiiciL This honour 
be enjoyed for only ihrw years, dying at hii 



«37 



Fairfax 



trudt-nr- iltu, itcnr Kostt \iay, Port 

Jtch^T.. '.\iv lt*77, ii^d 73, 

l< I'll in {laiujkhli't Tunn the eiih- 

Ct": r-rnr*-, (l(livt-r<-^ ii] t.be mufiic 

h»U. !.■ ■!! ' Tie ( 'oloiiie* of All»- 

tnUii,i]. lioD, E'rri^i^, niid l*rcaeat 

Sut4>; lijc l'..io\erT"f llwUoldl'"idd»,'*c., 
l»iul wilt. l*Tf), Ixiiitf. [1R52]. 

[n<!«Uin*8 Auotnlinti UicUoiiar^v of D»'» ami 
Jteii o/ Lhi- Time , M^^^mrnl• Argus, 18 Jnn« 
IBTT.] K. II. 

FAIRFAX, NATnANlEL,M.D.flfi3r- 

1000 ),di%in>? finil plijsiciiin, was bom L*l July 

Itt!" ■' .'I ' ' ■■" t ' ■! -1 -on of IVnjamtn 

F:i - ' t orHiiiiiburifb, 

Sti:: ... . iiijthhT i>f Koger 

■nd JoAitf t^ulliui). Tim familv cluiuivd 
kiadreil with ihe J-'nirfax*^ of Vi)rkj"liin-. 
xfklhAnipl waj< rditutod nt Cor])iB Cttristi 
Cisllegis, t'omlirid^fr, <u ■ mt^mlwr »f wbicli 
h*;iirt»c<vdcdM.A. ih HWI (Cimfatir, Gtadi-' 
«fi, IT't'.p. I35|. DiirinjiibtfComuioHwenltli 
ti»^ ritti! u* thi! iwrpctiitti curncy of 

W -iilfiilk, wIh-uci; \v: wn* «jwl»<i 

m Iti'.JJ lur .i-fio'injf li> runform. tie llion 
tornMl Ilia fttii>nli>>n Ca phytic &)■ n tnmiii! uf 
lif ' ■ --k till' drffr^'j "f JIJ>. al fjfy- 

d.i. [Lfyiteit .VwA-«/*, Index Jvic. 

p. .•! , Ti ^tliich occftoi'Jii III' }iubli«)ied Iiik 
luftuipinil diwM-rtJitH.n 'll<i Liiraliriciii,' 4to, ] 
I^i^'dTi, U!70, luiii praciieed lit Wiodta-idgv, i 
HiiiTdlk. Tli.ri lie H-rotc'ATniiTi*i> of rill' | 
nulh Aiid SflvidiT" ofilu* W<irM. \Vb>;rviii ; 
the t iniiIufSA, Litcli'iienj, and LBStintfTifM i 
nf BimIu^ nn- frvH-ly fajindlfd. Wir)i an 
An*wiT lt> Ti>nlMmitm \\f Xivtt, bv H aniiiel] 
IfftfVr'. n.Il.,'8Yn, I^ndtm. ie(4,whicliw 
ctLntiU''('>f tiioalTiK'tMli'XcliiHiotiorall word* 
borrawi'd frtitn Ibi- Ifjimcd lui^iUf^i^. Al- 
Uiou)^ lit' WM ni'vcr n fcllDW. Fuirf«\ coii- ' 
tnlnitp<l Mijii'' paptfra to tin- • I'liilowipltiral 
TmavirtirflK'of th« Itnynl An-u'Iy, wnoujf 
[lidin oni; giving * iii<ilAiMY-B of iHt.:iiliiirili<?ji 
(if tuttirc ^itli in in<-n ami l>ruii>t>' (ii. MU). 
Hit iii«l \'2 Jmiio W*), aihI whs buried nt. ! 
W 1 Ho true twice married. By 

hi'^ iCItxaU'th JllnvlttTby, lie liad 

ftHii Min- diiil four dutif];hti>rf>, nf wlioni oiif . 
Km. Ukcki^rliv, iiud lUnx' dauglitvn onlysur- I 

vir-i • ' I 

i 4 VxiKPWiJl, IT-H)wiiflttiin:iii- 

tipr I 111 Cbristi f"oll>^', *'iunl)rid(ri', 

«hi'n> lit* Trnik till' two d^grtt'.i in itrtR, R.A. I 
IGJi^i. M \ I'l't:: i,i,>! ^...i.^ ert-nUil M.l). ! 
*f.' * 'Ar lieiiiiuati, ' 

!"?■, I. Cninltridgt' be 

•tudiuii io«in'iui' nt the miivtrfity of Lrydcil. 
at wliirli !i" ■^■n'-- ri-Jmiftfd M.I>. on It* April 
!id<-iS.x-.p.»»). Up 
.jiiutlii!Uavy,butliad . 



rpliwd by 1717. Howrotp: 1. 'A Diecnune 
iipuii tbn Uniting Scollund wilb Knglniid : 
contJiiniDfT the p^eml ndvanln^ of such lui 
Union to bntli Ki»H''"f"'^.' '"^c- (unon.), livo, 
London, 1 7U-.>. ^.'Inl.Audi'niKotaiiirHsOrfttiO' 
, . . OntbeI'r«iwofUotany,aflpewh,&e. . , . 
To wtiicb ia m!d«l a prti-latorj- di*CO«r*fi for 
urtkblittliing n Wlurv i>n l>oiiiii\,' Liitiu and 
Kntili«h,-tli.t, U^iidon, 1717, a.'Onvrio Apolo- 
(O'lii'i pro !(•' Ili^rburia iwntra McdicrM Mn- 
llu'tuuiicje. ... A SpwwJi . - ■ wlierein i» 
givi-n tint idrAof vi'gt-tatinn eiul n pleo fortbo 
uHo.of botany in pliyakk a{;aiuat tbv otglvct. 
of it in favour of mutli<-niiitick!>,' Ijiitiu and 
l^n^tiflh, 4io, London, 171*^. lit* aUo |iub- 
lisLfd ' A Trealiseof llie Jiwt lnt>Ti'»t ol tlws 
Kinps of England, in their fntn dispooiu^ 
power,' Ac, Il'iuo, J>.<»don, 17«t, n trnct at- 
tributed to Sir Matthf^w Ilalc, to wbtoh lie 
tuliled ' a pre&lor>- discourse in answer to a 
di»ci)un>« on ^LntA and resumptioms' and 
♦The lifter -which I'opc Ori'pjry XV wrote 
to Cliarle* 1 of Knpliun! (ronctniiiig hwmar- 
riapftoiholnfantaof Simin.andthal Priiice'* 
Au3w»!r,' wbich drew forlh »iniB • (IbserviL- 
tioiifl 'from Williftm Matthews, 4to, IpBwicli, 
172©, 

IBfownr'a IlinL of CiniRri-siiliotinl i»m in Nftr- 
I and Suffolk, p. 494 n.; Cal.imy'* Nooconf. 
Item, od, Pnlmer, IBUZ. iii. 28JI, 29o.] G. Q. 

FAIRFAX or FAYRFAX, BOBFRT 
(f/. i:yj»), nnwii-inn. is described ■» 'of Jky- 
fiird in JietiV and as hi'longing to the ancient 
Vorkshjre family of K«irfax,bnt Ilia namu wn* 
invariahlv written Kayrfax l)y his conttsm- 
poninr».'Ur.Uiiniey (/'"/. ii. fi47) aurmisBB 
that the twi»-part song * Tliat was my woo i» 
nowe mv most ifladnf-sw* ' wa» »ddrc»«:d to 
Houry Vl I on hi» a^icendinij tin' throne af^er 
llio battle of lioBworthi-'iefd. If thiawuTBBO, 
n Inter <l*t» tlinn 1470 could not be anigned 
forbii birth. It was prubably during tbelast 
decade of lilt- fifteenlhcMilurytbnl li,'i>wa8ftp- 
TiEiiutrd ori:nnii»t at St. Albans. ThvorgwilMid 
wi-npivi-u totheabbeybyAblKilJobnWhot- 
haDii'lede in l4W,and wn.'» considered the iinest 
uriiiin Ibfnin I^ngbiii-I. Fairfax i« Mipposed to 
bnvi^ hfid ibf jxiat of ' informator cnor!,' or 
chanter ( Wooi>, jtfi". AV'f«> Bodleinn). Th« 
pnin» Bulbnrity wys: ' I have M*n several of 
hit rUiireh serrices of Ti (turli in tb* ArchiTW 
of the pnbliclt Musirk Scbooli- nt Oxon, o( 
wbii'b oiw wrw called (lui Laving the bi'ginninc 
of* "Albanut." (marpn "another Uc^olia'^ 
and «o\-oral anthems which won siin^ in 
munfuitical or conventual eboirs, but nrw all, 
or at least most ly lost.' He wa.i ot St, Albans, 
und probably in nn olticiuJ capacity, in ir)03, 
wbi-n h>' nwuived 'iOt. ' for Utting nn antbt^m 
ofoure ladyandSunL ElizubetL' {iYivy I'um 



Fairfax ^^>3 

^rpawj^ KlutilftA nf i or*, 28 >liircli ] 
L&&). He UKik t1i« degrue of Mits.1). at 
OaiDorid^ in ir>04, nnd vnn ntlmitlvd to tbu 
■am« dtwrae at Oxford in li^l 1 . I'he * cxerriau ' . 
for his £^T9e 16 prwervijd m a UrRe wid vcnr ' 
bcitutiful choir book in rtic IjAinb^Th Palftce . 
Lilirary (Cat. do. 1). It is a Gli>ria in five 
part*, and is complete, a« tbc parts vcve ' 
wriu«n in ' cuutue UtcinUs,* i(ut«a<i of in , 
Mparale part-bookm. The t>th«r portionaof' 
the mAfis, which follow immciliAtdy upon ' 
thcO]oria,arv probubly hv Fairfax, although ' 
liis Tuuiie only ftppcarft over this one move- 
ment. This may pussibly Uq a portion of 
OD* of lliK fi^Tvpart maMM mentioned hj 
Wood as exiatin^ a^ <>xford. The ulber 
mauoabyhim arv in tlirco par1». Hi»iiitni« 
Amt appears &a out* of the gvnilfimiia of the 
King*! Obapel in UiOi) (22 Jun«), whim be 
w««(;riTuD annnniiityof 9/. ^A.^i/..^! be paid < 
port ontof thefamiof C'olemnre, Ilampsnire, ' 
hy the prior of HalKwykc. ond thf remainder 
out of tho iuuL-a ofllainpitbiro. Jn L&IO he 
was jiaid for the board and inslruciion of, 
aundrv chi>ir-boyi>, and in ]51S (6 AEarL'b) | 
John VjiMhnr, n ^•ulli-inun of tbt- chtijxtfl, t»- , 
ceiviv a corrodrin lli« raonacl-'ryof Manley 
'onit«»iirrendi'rbv Itobert Fairtm.' Id \i>- i 
vembcToftbftt.ycarFairfaxand Ilobert Hjthft- 1 
aee receive on annuity iu aurvirorship, on sur- 
render of Ihuptitcnt of 22 Jiini.-, I llfii. VIII ' 
<150BJ. Oil 10 Sopl. lOIJ he was appointed 
ona of the poor knights of Wind»Of , with an 
allowancv of l'2d. a day. ia addition to his 
annuitv. Varioiu i>ntripA in (be State I'ap^n | 
»liow tuat hu added cvii^idimblv to bis tiicoinu i 
by writing (lutnmiiic-biiiiki*. 'I be sum of ^tV. i 
appoarsaa the most unual charqvfor 'a pr>x'ki.^ 
aougo book.' or ' a bold hvkv limuL-d (Lv. . 
illutninal^dl. It is almo&t n uintti-r of cer- 
tainty thai, till' celnbniU'd l-'airfas MS. le tuch I 
a hfitilt »■ l)iiH, writti'H bv himM'II', |>i<rbiLp« 
for bin own use. He diiid ehorrly bitfore 
12 Feb, 13:^, on which day RythpB«; (or ' 
Bith wit-y) had to surrender thr-pm.-nt of to 13 
to li. Ituctande upon ihv death of Fairfax, 
lie was buri(>d in St. Albans Abbey uudor a 
•toot) uncrwordv cot vri-d by lb-:; wuyor'H s*;al , 
(th« maTor*-ft4'B seat, woording to iho title- , 
SB^ of thu Fnirffuc Al-'i.) Two single |Mrt- 
boolraintbi rni\<'rHit}-IJbmryiindKLjMhn*i> 
College IJbrarr at Cambridp} contain part 
of a mau by him, probably lor ihrt* roico?, ] 
Redder the masses in the Music ^Iiool at 
Oxfotd, tbe Fairfax MS. (Add. MS. fil6&j 
contains the most important of thi> works that 
have comedown to lu. The litlc-[)a^«Jiow« 
his coal of arms, which U-ars a ftuHicient to~ 
aemblaoeii to lliat nf the family uf ]-'airfax of 
DcepiiiR Gate, Ltucohmhin;, oltbnugb it ii ao 
badly Hfexoaett as to luTenotnutironhyau- 



Fairfax 

ihority; a reference to tbepngeaon whirbhia 
own compo«ticma are to b» tbund ; the motto 
(in rvil irik)'Faiu-urd'un Koy aut'[f j roialle 
n'eaC poA Eerilazfl [^j ' and the nam«s of t)u> 
latwr owners of the book, Gwnenil Fairfax 
(161«), and Kalph ThorMby of I«-wU, the 
author of ' Uucatus Leodicniiiii.' Amou^ 
many comiKr«il ions by Newark, Sberyii^ham, 
Hamjihere, Turges, i^ir 'i'Loman I'lii'lypptvt, 
W. Comywbe, Krowue, Itanesirv, &c., ar« 
Ave songs hy Foirfiix : ' That was my wcot ' 
above mentteiH-d, ' Must cluru vf colours and ] 
rotu of stedfofltneMe* for three xoici*, in tlu* 
initial M of whivh iLv compoeor'a arm^ ans 
again foan<l; and thni^ otbiT aongit fi>rtbr\}« i 
voiem (lepriati'd in Stair.ird Smith*A * Enirlijili ' 
Songs'). FInwkins gives an ' Avd aiimnia{ 
el^miutia ' from tlu.) tame manuKTipt, which, i 
is Dot to be found in it : an 'Aw litmvu^ 
^tiic* for four rotccs is in Add, MS. odM^ | 
and a canon with aa enigmatical iascri|<tioD 
in Add. M.S. ;IIU2'J. Tbeaiugic (Bassns) part 
(in tbr British Musvum) of a svl of bot)k« ; 

f Tinted by Wynkj'n de Worih; and publi;ihed j 
Oct. li'i.^ contains an 'tTt, re, my, fa,, 
ml, la' for four vuicw,aDd n thnw-ixu'l song-i 
*>lyharte«liut;' a manuscript (Medius I ]»rl- 



b-wk <Hjiri. US. 1"U9> contain- ' ' •-. ubi 

Alpha ft 0;' and Add. MS. '. .in«{ 

theaccumpaaimentj?, inliite t( i :w»i 

motets anda mass '.S]>on«us <i lut.' 

Afragmentof a aougultli il:>' N^til- 

come Fortune ' wa* Tvci*n!iy I'oiind in tbe 
lining of a binding in the library of Ely Ca- 
thedral. Thi»Chri*l Cburx'b and IV NThuuM* 
volli^ctions contain mu&ic hv Fairfax, and 
Iturauy (HUt. \\. UU\, &.c.i girv» ' Thul wa* 
my woo," the ' Qui loUia,' and ' Ijunniuai ' from 
tbt> masavullud ' Albnniu,' and a'Gluha'fnniL 
■mother inaaw, all for thrm Tuittta. 

[llrovo'« l>i<'l.i.6I0,ii. 68T; I' Ks- 

pci»«i of Kli»d.^tli 'if yl>^k, cd. N -Hi'i 

Allit-u» Oxou. ml. i., FAsLi, >nii. i.'.:; txiod'i 
jrS, Nolra in liotttrian Libmrv; Brtw^r'a Sloto 
I'af«).T. Henry V|l|, i. 'iS; 6jfnd.nr oi SUtc 
Paperv, Item. lAH-'iV, mimuiicriiif? in Urit.Uos. 
Hi a\tnf> ; iufumiacioii from W. Ilnrclny Sqniro, 
e-.|.] J. A. r. M. 

FAIRFAX, BOBEUTi ItWrt-trani.rcai^ 
ailmifDl, M-^'ond kiu uf ^\'il]jam Fairfax of 
Sirt'ion andNiiwtonKymf in Yorkithin!, and 
pmndficmofSirWilliamFQirfnx^il.v.^.calont'l 
in tiir« pnrliniD<.-ntiir\' army, slain at tbr n-linf 
of Montgomery on f 7 Ir^pl. ItVI-1, wnn bom ta 
February 1066-y. lit- first wi.nttoM-a in ltJ*l 
in a mvrchnnt ship, \\iis Mnrv, onimandisdil 
by Captain Uushidf, ihe iwn ot au old iiarUa 
mentary otficiT. With Dushfll ho mf^iV twn 
Tt^agcato thu Meditiirmm-an. Ua biit tvtu 
in IWoralier lUSo bi» friends worf diitirous 
that ha should enter thv royoL navy, but ib 



. mt till JftniuLiy 1(167-8 ihftt bi< ww n- 
inJ m* m ToIunU!(tr nii board tlie Muy, 
sbip of Sir Roger StncUaiif] [n- v.] 
« li'w wtwks ullpr tJiP ■CT,>™uoii of 
Atom iktid Marv, Fairfax was pTxitnated 
Mo)x* li<.'ul>'naiit oi the Bonadv^^nHirc, cmn- 
nuitltd bTC*{itAin<hAi-r«'iirili) iiiir Thnnuwt) 
UflperHio [^. V J In tier be was prcM-nt nl. 
Ih« battlf la Buittn,- Bay, 1 Mn)- ]6hu, unit 
ftft^muxU a; the nh*'( of Lniulonclern,-, 
an Ju!t [*ee DofG[j,8, AmtKEw], In Junr 
1090 lloitMnn ivus relieved in the commanil 
lie IwuaJvi.uiurv bv t'itpt«in Hubbard, 
t FairAtx, rcitiaitking iu Lt-r, was present 
battle of Btadiy Ili-ad pb 30 Juno ^ 
Oti 16 Nor. lu' M-)u> jircmoted to tliA , 
tbd of tlifl Ciinoppiinn priii!. and for 
Fth* next two ymr* whs sla(iim«l nt lIfi»ton 
fin Nftv Knglaitd,rnii'ink'n(rntni»1 the French 
-, III Jiiii"? Uiih FairfnJt waa mowU 
; Vinibroln- of fW ^■iinA.Aii(l,rfiurninf^ ' 
tLcr lu England, vra^appoinl^il IoiIr' com- 
nf the Ituby,a 4.H-fnn fillip, ordered to 
' OD thu C(.iiu>t uf imaiid for t liu urulei'* I 
ion of trade. "ft'Iiile oii tbiM iierxice lie liad ' 
IP cnod fortune tr> 4.'aptun', iiflur n bunl- 
iiignt ■(lion, tli« Kntri'iimtuiiil, a Frenrh 
riw»ti-er of the samd nominal force, but 
r, and wilb a niorc iHiiiii<n.>ii> c-oiiipli>- 
In rerngnilion of this vrvirp iu- vaa 
[>le<i, 21 Itec. low, to tho command of 
r-vrark of iSO K*inK. in which, mid af>«r- j 
in llitj ComwuU, hf waa eniploytd in , 
ivoy ««>rvtix-, in tbu (lianucl, in Ihv Bav ! 
>f Bisca)r, or on tb^ i-o<ul of Portuipl, till . 
tliM pi'M-^ of IlTswitrk [Me Bt:KKiXKr, J«»,v, 
linl I^iKI): koDCB,SUiQw>BOE;SllOTEU., 
IR CuiWUlfiLBrJ. 

IlT[Jiedut)ianuieldL<rbrolliEr,an ^Jan. 

|69J, bo kod BUcotmdvd to the Stoirtuu and 

iuwf''m Kviiii- irilatcs.and op 'JO N'lv. of I hi- I 

amtf vcar bud married Eslbt^rt the hihIi-t of 

li(i ol'l c»|ita'n. RuaIii'II, nnd widow of a Mr. 

^llArlM Tomliiiiion of Whitby, to whom, 

li t»n yeani I'l'liir than liiiii«elf, he had i 

iboyiahatMrhnieiJt fmni tl;i' timeofhu 

lo iv*. lo Mflj HJyy I'airfax com- 

, I ho St.'Vem, which in the following 

■ ''thvlWl f^etil under SJrUvor[ju 

■ luauiiain iht t-ealyof Altona 

... I'jiuDark nnd llolilviu. On rw- 

tfae Baltii; b'> wiu> npiMiinIrd r^ 

Ice. nnd in January 1701-1', on 

Icrlnmlion of war, waa trnna- 

. I'-ifon ship IC4>f<loral.ion,nneof 

liMdtuu wliicb wled under Sir John 

fq v." it] Mnr Afli-r failiriff lx> in- 

inin off Uorosna, 

■iimfed to Spiibead, 

in Lib' lullun;!!^ uutumn Fairlax waa 

at out to reiidurtu (he j^nuid Ib-ct, wliiuh 



tie joined at Vi^ on Id Oct., too Uto to 
alurc in ihe glory or the treaHum, hut In 
llatti to lalto ijiirt in the labour of refittinff 
llw prixeci aiiu hringiiig Ihem lo KnglancC 
The Rtstorution wae then put out of cran- 
miMiion, «n<l in January llvii-S Fairfax was 
atjpointfd to tho SomeiMt, from which in 
Jiay he was transferred to the Kent an fltff- 
oaptftin l-o Hmr-adminl Thomas Dtlkes ^q-rr), 
wilh wlujm he f^t■l■^vd durinff thi' sumnnf, 
and especially lu the wholveale enptuit> oT 
'IriAtnicrion at the French merchant ships at 
(irnnviilo ou JH July, a wrvict- for wlitcli 
Fairfax and tho other captains onaap-d, aa 
wuU ua thu n.'ttr-uduiinu, received a ^'"Id 
medaL With the mw yeiir i'nirfiiit com> 
mifuoned the Berwick, a 70-gun ship, in 
whidi ha Mibsl in Starch to join Sir Oijorfto 
liotike and the grand t)i>t*t at Litilion; with 
tliiii the Berwick continued during the aum- 
inc-r; waa one of the six bIiim which raiiiljr 
chased a French fiC|uadroii otfCaiie l'ttlo« oa 
8 May, d failure for which Fairlux and the 
ol her captains were trii-tl by cnurt-uinrtial, 
but fully acquitted ; wn« onnof the division 
act twllyi-iigo^red under Byuf? at the red uct ion 
of Gibraltar (2UJitlv), for bt9 chore in which 
exploit ' I heqneea afterwards prwentedFair- 
fos with n »ilv(T cup and cover btiaTinif a 
Auitabla inscription, which U Mill nr^iscri'ed 
by his dc»wndanls'(MAiiK.ii:iJt.p. li^l): and 
took an honounihlt; |virt in the battle of 
Malaga (13 Aug.), where her mii»t&, rig- 
ging, and Mils were shattered and toru, and 
ahe had mty-uine luea killed and ivounded. 
The Heel aflem-arda returned to Ktiifland for 
the winter, luid in tha following Fehnutiy 
the Hem tck was paid oH' at Olialham, Fair- 
fox heirg immedislely appoint<>d to ihp Tor^ 
bar. Iu her he again went to the Mediler- 
nitteati, unilKr I he cuniinnnd of Shnvell, and 
participated with the flttet in the ri'durtioa 
of Barcelona. After the rapt un> of Monjuicit 
the priitonfiniworeMnl on board the Torbnyi 
the TorbttTBunpUedguiLtitoann the fort, and 
MiiloTS to Mul thom up the hill: her mariucA 
were landed for nervico in the trvnebol, and 
Fairfax InuiBclf had couiuuiikI of tha MVetl 
Ifuiub vetfiels, wboftu lurrible Sre cowed the 
ffnrriaoQ, and rendered the auiinntrhcs of the 
ucu«g<m oa^er and safer. Nvluui the town 
ciipit iilat^-d on -l Oct. (lie aeosoo was alreAd j 
far ndrann^, and, aeconling to the custom 
of tho day, the fleet at once returned to Eng- 
land. In March 1706 Fairfax woa appointed 
to the BarBeur. uud comumnd^- in -chief in 
thu Thames and Medway, hut in May be wa4 
ordert-d round to tJjuibead tu join iShorul), 
then preparing to carry over on expvditionaiy 
fnn.-eml€iidedlo<iinM'tad«sc«nt on thecoaat 
of Francv. After vainly waiting for t, pr<>- 



■airfax 



140 



•airfax 



miaed Dutch equadroa till th» eummet vn» 
paMed, ft WMtnrly ^« farced tli« (Uet to 
take diellcr in Torbnjr, whoro it vtab di-taiiiml 
for M-vuml wi^r^ka, ami tii« ortifinBl iili« of n 
landing in Franc« hud I'l he given u\t. The 
]tpnrit.-k,bTstn>« i^f wi-nthtTtSiir^ng a limk, 
and wofl fmind to l» 11 nio>A worthy. She ri^ 
tiinwd with ditBcullj- to I'uiteuiDutb, wht;t>e 
iMrd Itivi-r*, thft ^cn'^ral in commnnil of thti 
troopit. with hij> nlaff, who hnd cmtiJrkM nn 
boBrd, WBH lrnn>hippei] to t lie Tartar fricntf', 
whl]« in I>i'ivnib':r Foirfax, with hi^ Khin'it 
coin paiiy, was turtKnl over to tlit! Albemarle, 
atid during tbo c&rlv part of 1707 whs com- 
mander-iii-^-btcrat K>r1em<.>uib. In Augual, 
however, h*? was supi^rA^Jn!, Sir Jobn Ix-ako 
having chosen tb^^' Albemurtt' as bis fla^hip. 
Oon»(^qiienl on llii;<t>uilh ()f Sirf^lnwiidlejr 
Shovvll (l>li Oct. 1707), a prompiiion of flap- 
officmwa* made on 8 Jan. 171)7-8. Knirfiw, 
^ty hlft seniority, wa-^ pritiiiTlT inrlucU'tl, and 
a commission an vic^adntiral of t be blui^ won 
made out for him. was dignod hr tho loi\l 
high admiral, and wat< ^roxuitod. It waa then 
can celled, and l^ord iJuriloy.who was much 
kii junior, was, by tbv political inten»r uf 
hifl&imily[aeeIlEHKi:i.i:v, James, Ihinl KaIiL 
op], madiivicondinimlof the blue in hieBli^nd, 
wilb iwniririly uf lU ,riin. Fairfax:, naturally 
inditmant at tbia unworthy treatment, n»- 
fiiwd all further service. Prinr*j George. 
indi<ed, obraini'd for him a commijt<if>n nx 
rear-admiral, and half-pay equal to tluit of 
the ranii whicli tm bnd bL-<?ndfpnvi-d<if ; and 
DD :J0 June J 70S hud him nominated a member 
of the CouQcit of till! lord hi^Ii uJmiral; but 
with iho ]>riiiceV di-utb. "Ji? (At., ibijt «pp"ini- 
ment eam« lo au i-nd, and I"airfnx retired 
■Itf>pethcr from navid life. At a hr-oU-olion 
ia I7)'l he was iTituruwl to parli/imeat fur 
thocity of york.but Icwit hix avnt in the gene- 
ral election after the aceefwion of Georgi- 1. 
lie bad mt'nnlimf- Ix-t-n elreta-cl nn iihhTmaii 
of Vork, of wtiirh rity hit whji further elected 
lord mnyor in I7ir>. In tbefteundolh«r local 
dutictfandin the managetnent and develop- 
ment of hJB haiidaome property, ibe remain- 
der of his life pawwd away, and ho died 
17 Oct, 17^5. lie wna buried in the chnnh 
of Xewton Kytne, where sixtj yean before 
he had been chriiloDud. Hhi wife, tbough 
ten years oldor, aurvivr^I bitn by Irn ytaira, 
and (lied at the a^re of eighty in 17^0. Hi 
ifefl. two children, n da«Kht*ir, who marrietl 
&tr. Henry Pawnon, the aon of an alderman 
of York, and a son, Tliomns, whose poelority 
Mill bold tbc cMaic* of Steeinn, Newton 
Kyme. and llilbn^ujih. whieh la«l Fairfax ac- 
qnireil by purebase Irooi the collaleml family 
of Lord hairfux. There nre tlii>xt portniiw 
of the admiral, taken at the ages of thirty, 



odtV 
ffoe^ 

in 
rk, 

lad , 

■re. 
ert I 

M 

tie^H 
[>d.S 

Lha " 



forty-two,andebQnlf befori^htK'Jealb. ThoT 
are all in lh« poaaeaston of hit family al IliU 
brottgh. In a regii^ler tick'-t.dalud ItMM.h 
ia dehchbed ea a tall utid wi-_lJ>M!t man •){ 1 
fair complexion, which carTBf|Kinds with the 
parUtT [lortrait of the same date. 

[Tbn Lif« of llobart Fairfax, ' compiled fro' 
oriiiinal lelicrs and other docuraimtr,' by C. EC.' 
Mitrkhaiii, in A fall ami dritiilnl Ijri;, hoc oiily of 
Fairfax, but aim ef hi* fiunily and Dimicnua 
relation*. It i* Mpadally rch in tbo n«Tal hi»- 
lory of tlm mriod. TIm m«noir in CliamockV 
Dli>^. Nar. it. 312, ia mmgro and oawUiffi 
lory.) J. K. " 

FAIRFAX, THOMAS, first Lord F, 
l-AX fif Cameron in the S4X>tti.<ih peemga. 
(15tW-lW0>. lildefet i-on of i^ir Thomas Fair- 
&kx of Di-nlim nud Nun Applelon, bolh in 
Yorkfiliire, was bom at Itilbnugb, near Vork, 
inKiHO, A»ayoHn(rmanlioaawmuch8>iTic8 
in the Low Tountne^, where he oamtDandad 
a company of foot under Sir Francis Vere. 
In I r»82 he marriMl Fllen, duughter of Ttohert 
Askeof Auiihton,Vorkihire. Ileforc and aft< 
tliK deal b of Mnrr (Juet-n of Scot* be was tt . 
ployed by Elieabeth 011 wveral diplomat) 
eommuniimtiona with Jntue« VI of Scotland. 
Jamett oflvred him a title, which ho had tha 

firudetic* lo decline. In |.W8 hr tendi-rvd 
■i'l aervicea ta Jamea to RiinpreM a rebellion 
under Lord Maxwdl ; and on tbti d»«ih of 
Kliiabi-tb \ti^ wa.s with nix of his nearei«t 
kindred, one of tbe first Kn((lLjbmen who 
went to Scotland tosw>-*r fealty t'l f -■- '■ ■ • 
He bad ferved in France uiider 1 r' 

Fs»ex [aeu DEVERErx, ItOBEHT, LVj. i 

and was kniglitwd by Lim hvfure Kouen ii 
IWll. 

After the acceaalon of Jamos I to t 
thntne, he Killed down upon hi« oitat* 
Denton. He bn-d horses, and wrote a 
tiaa entitl'jd 'Conjeclur-is about 11 
Hliip,' yi'l •■xlnnt. in manuKi-ripl. He nil 
his bouM>hold with niilit^iry prwiaion. ' Tli 
Ord-ir for the Gov«mment of the II>>umi i 
Denton/ layingz down in (freat delait I): 
duties of every tw-r\'«nl, ia also exinnt. an 
pires an admirable picturv of a genlb-man' 
houMvboM at that t>eriod. 

.\a u ni'-mber of the council of the 
he was hrouiiht into OJnnw't •■ ■' 
t^brllirld, its [>tet>iileiil. Hi- 
Ferdinandti Fairfu [<[. v.], aia. . i,. .. -• !.- 
djiinrht.r. Mnrv, in UW". In lti20 Fi 
voiing>Tson:^^Villiamnnd.Tohn,were 
l:lngli!b nmty in tbe Li:)w (.'ountries. A let' 
from Willi.im stales that his ' whito-lmr 
father' had come over to join them, boi 
horamand anna, and bevn reo-ived with t 
rcjpeci du« to his former ik>n'ie<<s. He toon' 
returned, however, and in 1621 heard 



•airfax 



141 



'airfax 



I 



Uwir ^en^TKl tliai )<oUi liis boos liiwl been 
kiUvtlnt tln'eiigT-ri'rnnU--nthal. Twr. other 
•na»&iT eininl by Tluicvftby to have died 1 
^lOlj-nl iltinth 111 I be iamo year : Perfprine lit 
I^ Rocbello anil TLomiut in Turkt-y. I'pon 
the tircr^^iin iir('!i«rl>'» t, Kairfiw ansuccts*- 
' > <uwl tot Yiir)i<<hiru in ttu) {MkT- 
I 'viit. llf> <ln'n- u]) k Mntt<in«ut 
<, nod nn -t M»T 16:>7 waa rrantwl 
i\ nf Cuoema lo lije tK«ngu of 
[Tiiir'! t bpprmnt wa« fnrititntottby ■ ]>av- 
it nf I,fiOO/,. nrhicli wo* to indurlo nil ili« 
■' - -;-iiiie^, llif c>iinpliiinwl lb«t 
■ th<' IjAirs r-fliiired 1j_v tlit? 
.1— ;o convey tue coin Irom 
< .^tland. 
.^_. ^".'Ul ibr t»-in8in(l4!T of Iiia life Bt 
Pwnton, laliiofT, boweviT, i-von to llie lost, 
lurtivK Loif!n-i| iiiiianlx:rai>oblicalafiair«. 
ATC^tbUhip ^lultli«wa k A Tine complained 
Uutof 111- t hive Bona nn« ha'I wii wiihout 
■Ticv,aiii>ilier ftr^cr witbinit iTil,ftiiil n ibinl 
lnHth«r(.'Mu'i'aor wii, FairfM toromfort him 
••id that of bia ov-n tbren E^ms, fi^nliiintiil", 
bred tfibi-it.«^iliii<T,Vi~iL« a meri; rowan) illinry 
l.*t ^0* '>'*^<^' ^'^^ ^ divine, wna ooly pood aa 
aUrwyer: and Charter, »<int lo the inn< of 
BooTl, was DO iHwytir ibougfa a cound divine. 
He Ml') <■» another nrcajtion thnt be exj)cct4M 
t><i ' rr')inhin pIalMUon.Tll'laIa^^afl^:tr- 
^^ ntral [i). vj, but »bortlv bt-fow 
III I i hit( xnn C1iarle« rq.v.JlLat be 
M trnabJr abiiiit biMlaniily, tliiiik- 
iii,. ..M , n-otild t)<> niintrd aflt^r bis di-atJi 
b^t ho ambit ion ofl^iomHi^, 'bjd much bjbi« 
wif' ' !»,, l-j Jaw liiCil) bf wiw*' to his 
*i grandchild, Thomas Fairfax, 
Ci.i I T-Mii .r hnrn: m hid mnjeMy'a 
•MTriep,' r-\!. n to wrv«> the kinir, 
ab^\ 111- kr> ' private quarreU, and 
•1 ' common t-nomy (tbi.'' 
^^ iilly aon]4 doubla of 

Mnv 1040. Ilewa§burk>d 
»i ■ wbohaddiedinlfl^O, 

ill :OtlpyCTiun;h, wbt'iv 

■ I inti'il willi tb»-ir 

f,'. ' I.eirTirlues, The 

Ji^;|i;, w rir,i 11 i y i.<i«nnl I'aiHiiX tbp {io«'t, 

FairfAi'n hrnth(>r, dtiArribt^ bii^ wife: 

Hon IIm LmIi'b (TaitfalaeMi, ber« Rach^rs 

boaoty: 
Han Ib-bDoea'j faith, ben Sanh'i duty. 

?'-.:,!<■; i)!.':-..!!-- rTi.txiKncil nb'JVK. Fairfax 
I 'i, ,r»™rri'Hl lo Sir 

\'. \i(it', wif« of Sir 

<, N\.>..ll..y. 

'. r.nl. rt r. FAirfaxiiina' 
t rvintniniD^ 

)-' < rtcd.ortho 



Higbwsr to Hpidwibfrgh.' '2. 'Cottjecturea 
aboiit Iloracjtuinfihip.' 3. 'The Mnlitia of 
Yorksbirt'.' 4. A lar^n tmct o»th« Vork- 
sbint cavalry and against hottf^ racing, 
G. 'TheMolitiaof Purbam' 6. 'Onlrmfor 
the HouBo,' .to. 7. Many exc^iUpnt trflrt- 
tutoa ufion MTvral subjects and not bouud 
together. 

[UaaldatidOMiMklngiil.Crftnbrr 1870; Pair- 
fax ComepcKidron'. VDts.i.anil ii. ; Doujilaaand 
Wowl'a Scottish ['ccmgc. i. fiflO ; Markham'e 
Uintory "f ibi' thitil IjorI Fnirfiix ; Hart'o ht^ 
tun uD Whurftlala ; Aual<.-i:ln Fairfaxiana (maou- 
Bcripl),] T. P. 

FAIRFAX. THOMAS, thiixl UroFaib- 

TkX { I6I1'- 1(17 i>, general, son of Ferdinando, 

aeooadlordFairfax[q.T,i,wasbomatU<;iiton 

in Yorfmhin^on 17 Jan. It.l I - !:•( FaiifiLr Car' 

rtupfmdenee, i. 01). In 16:^t} ht> matriL-ulalvd 

at St. John's Collpg^, Cambridge, and ibrfe 

v<'ar!'lulor wft« sont to the LowCountriHelo 

Warn the art of war under Sir noractt V«tw 

(lA. i. &6. 160; Mvhkiiaib, U/f 0/ the fJrtat 

Lord Fnir/iu; p. 13). liewospreeenlat the 

«ifg6 of lioiv-lo-Diic (10*At), travcIK-d for a 

tinK in France and ettewbere, and rettirued 

lo >liiglaM<I in V^'2 in bopea of obtaining 

penniKinon to join thr 8vrt^i«h army in Oer- 

miinv { fairfaa (.'nrrm/Hnidenct, i. lOil)^ Fair- 

' fax married, on :Jl> Jmie 16S7, \a.tus Vtre, tho 

daURhlLT of liU v\<l commniider (ilr. i. ^9^ 

:VW> i Makkhau, f.. L>0). Dnring tfao fint 

Scoccb war Fairfax command^ a trtiop of 

IHU Yorksbirt' dragoons, mid was Imigbtcd 

by tb« king oa L'B Jan. UHO ('ItiBilwowril, 

iii. VJti: Calal'Mfuf vf KuighU). Ai'Oirding 

I lo Bunirt hfi hiul a command ia the army 

I which wan defeated at Nowbiim, ' and did 

j not stick to own that till he pas-icd the Tcf>it 

his U'gB tremblud undor him' (Oim Time, 

' 1R.t8, p. 10). Nevertheless it is doubtful 

whether ho took any part in the SKOiid 

I ScoU'b war. Fii>m the comim-DCruifnl of 1I19 

' civil war Fairfax waa promineul amuug ibu 

Bupporters of the parliament in Yorkshire.. 

On 'A Juno Ittii! b*^ (irtv^t^nled to the king on 

Ileyworth Moor a petition of the Yorki-liini 

gentry and freeholders. The king pefiisetl to 

accept il.iuid x* Haid to have alt«m|tti^] lo 

ride over him I MAUKiiAU^p, 4^i lltsiiwoKTJt . 

iv. ttti). Fuirfax also iignod the prot.-«t ul 

Wif Yorkshire parliamentarian* on i'M Aug. 

1042, and woj one of ibo nngoliatorN of the 

Irwity nf ni^ulndilv of L'^t Si'pl. Wbeu ibw 

I trwilTWiis annulled be lx"''iin. ■.[nl nirt>m- 

mann to lii« fiithiT, and j^-lf 

I in many akirmi^ht-a diim.. .uiths 

I of lOlJ. Iliefir't iintHtriAiiti<Kploii,bowrT>^r, 
' wiu tbo rti'vpliire of ljoed.4 nn 'J^t Jan. lOliJ 
I (KusilwoKTii.v. 1'.'.'); MAitKUAM.rip.iW.liO). 
; Two montha tot«r (30 March IGiiii I'mrfax 



was rieitTely defeated by Gencrsl (roring on 
Sf^acrott Muor,a« tin wiwongugMl ID covering 
tho ri.-trvui ofLorU Fnirfax aaa iJio mniu l>o<l,v 
of liis ariay from Stlbv lo Le«ds (Afrrcuriu* 
Autiau, i April 1043; ".Sa«r( ,»f-wwnVj;,p. 1(1). 
Niclioliu, in Tviatiii^ Ihin dVRiie lo I*riiii-« 
Rupert, tenns Funu 'the nuin most be- 
lovvd an<J rrlieJ upon by t)ii> n'beU in the 
Borfh ■ (W'ARiiCKTox.ii. ISO). Thepjiptumof 
Wttlc^fii>M on '2\ May following amply rora- 
peiuntexl for this misforiiiiii^. >'o more re- 
markable succMs WI1.1 gained br nny g«ii«i*t 
durincT tbi? rivi] wars. With fit'ieen huodrod 
men Fftirfux iHonnod a town held bv cwirc 
tluit Dtuiiber, («kiitg Oen^ml Goring tiiuiKelf, 
twenty-eight colours, and fourteen bunilrfd 

Eriiioiwrft. Looking buck on it mutiy yuars 
ilur ha deaenhoi it afl' mnrv k mirHrb-than 
B victofj- ' CRcBUvroRTH, V. 27') ; SA'irt Me- 
marut/.p. 1^). Mnycoinp«rv>»ir tn* n li^bt^-n- 
iiig b^foro death,' for it was follovred olianAt 
immediately by tho total ddfeat nf the two 
FiiiHkscs 111. Adwalton Moor (SO June). In 
that fatal bank Sir Thomas led the risht 
winu, aud, eacaping from tho roat with a 
portion of bi« troopH, ho thruw htinsuir itilo 
Uradford, ami wbi-ii Itnulfnnl could nviftt no 
lonperciit his way tbroui:;h\^'wc<Mt!t''6 forces, 
OJIU tucixvdi.'d ii) rv;iu.'liing hiii fiith«'r at I^f.ids 
(tltraitwoKTti,v.27!); Shr/rt .}femi)rui/,n.\Q). 
I>uriiic tbg flyitUf march to Hull whicb now 
took pTuc« bo commanded lh<^ rrnr-fpiikrd, and 
wtt» severely wounded. AVheti Hull wu^ b-.- 
aieg(K) be waa sont into Lin<x>lnibin> with 
twonty IroopB of bono to joiu Cromwell Kod 
Mancbe^tr-r, and took part with them iu lb*- 
Tictorj-of Win(.'.cbyonllOct.l043. 'Comt' 
lot n» Dill on, I nKn^r pnitp^irod IwCtpr than 
wbnn I fought ugain^l tbo eoomy three or 
four to one,' edd l-airliiA. whoa be Grat vii-wed 
the royalitts, and inarki-*! ihtiir niiinb«-r», 
Matu:ha>ltfr, in his despatch to tht^ lonls. 
writes: '.Sir Tbouaa Fairfax isi perBon that 
CXCPtxU any cxpnuionji a« a commend atioti 
ofltis re«)Iutjpnand valour' (Viciia, (ftHfn 
Ark, p. 47; Old Parliamrnlan/ Iliit \\\. 
423). On iJ9 .Ian. I'JIl Fairfax d'-fentcd 
Lord Byron and tbi- Eu^lisL troops Pfcalli-d 
from Ireland at Nautwich iu Chevhiro, took 
fifleen himitn-d pn-ioiK^T*, and follnwi'd up 
tho vidory by aipturing throe royalint gar- 
ri»on». 

In March 1644 he rctunied into Ynrksliini. 
Md4 sbar>jd in tho victory at Selby, to which 
Ilia own It^ading of tb<.- citvnlry very greatly 
mntribmcd, 10 April 101 1 ("Ui'snwoum, v. 
(117). Acconlintrto {'lareudun, ' thin wa* I he 
first action Sir Thomas Kuirfux wiis inkcn 
notio) ivr' (RtMlian, vii. •1(XI>. K\ Mantoii 
Moor Fairfax cnmtnandod (hf horse of the 
right wiug, CQOsistin^ of ltn}>-&\-o tixxvps of 



Yorkahirt- cuvalry and twenty-two of 3cMa_ 
in all about faur thousand men. The r«gi« 
ia«i]i under bis immediate DOmmond t^hargedi 
succeufullv, but the real of bis di»' — "" 
wa« routed, and he reached with diffi( 
wounded and almmt a]on«, the victc 
left of the TNulinmAniary army {Skort Itft* 
morial, p. S9>. 

At tho aiego of H^'hn*].-'? CaJitln, durini 
the following Augu&t, Fairlax wa-t (h»njfi'f-1 
ously wounded by a mii«ket-)>ull, whiih 
broke hi* shouMcr, and a roynlift nfwapapcr 
exuhingly prophesied for him the fate oCJ 
nampdro (Merrurttu Aniieta, 1 t^nt. 1644 >,f 
While he wa« slowly recon'ring tram btft 
wound parliament undertook tb> reorg^ni- 
sattou 01 itfi urmy. Fairfiut hod atmoger 
r:1aiui.4 tlian any one, now tliat members ofJ 
the two houiies were to lie e.xnltided from 
command. Il wu<t at first rumoured that be 
was to erimmand merely tho cavalry of tho 
new army, but on ^1 Jan. 1<!4&, by 101 to] 
69 Totea. the lions'' of Commona appointed ' 
him to rommand in chief {CbmnKmi Jtmr- 
nalt, iv. '^i). The ordinance for new model- 
ling iho aruiv tiiiully parsed on 1& Feb., and 
on 19 i-'eb. Vairiiw waa solemnly thanknt] 
by the speaktT for hts pafi aenices, and in-J 
fnniied (lint pi>rliain<-nl. ' had thuughl fit tiyf 
put upon him the grcateit trust and confi- 
dence that was ewt put into the hands of a. 
mibjert,' 

1-airfax received Itis appointment, if hU 
Uler apologies can be tm^teil, with aodw. 
difBdenoe: '1 was ao farrroin d'sjiringii tbatj 
Lad not HO great an authority commanded,! 
obt-diwnce, buing then unavparaied fh)m tbof 
royal inleri»t, bttaideN the persuoaiona nf^ 
neareat friends not to derline so free and! 
general a call, I abonld bavu hid mysuL 
among the .ilnlf lo luive Avoidnd ho cn-at a , 
charge ' l SAort MermriaU, p, 3V A diBpute , 
arose iK'twewn thw t wo ho«»'-'» eoiuirniiig Iho I 
appointra«nt of the ofHcerii, whom Fairfax | 
was empowered to nominate subjeet to their ' 
approval. The terms of bin commi;<Aion ^n)*i 
ri^ to long dU«u<!!ii(>r)s. The eommiseioo, r 
oa linally poaned. diB'cred in one importanti 
pirtieuhir tnnn that of K»>w.y: iii»piieof tilt?] 
oppiwition of thf \«nU llm name of rhe kin^r I 
and tlieeUuai' rtKiuiring the ) - n ofi 

hit> pei>nn wrr«' left oul {OI<l ! ' 'rv 

H!»t. Tin. 422, 432, Iflfl), '1 li- n .r-i'y 
and its ponernl were scoffed at by i' ■ i! 
dirtnwted by tnnny oftheirfrlemlj, • \S li-n 
1 «vnt to take my leave of a great p«r«on.'| 
Bnvs Fairfax, 'be told mn ho w ■ -- . ' ^u I 
ronii; out with the unnv. for '•■ i "vai 

wo«hoHl.n...i- , '.VA...* I' ;t). 

In his I . led 

Fairfax';]-. - -v.. i.- U und] 



Fairfax 



us 



•airtax 



UarUinn ytuefiiatty, '9a. 



enafidc" 

\M \pri1 Fairfnx wiu (ni|;»fr»l in nrg^Ktua- 
in..- model.' On iMay Ue wi out 

tf -• int«ndinjt trt n-ltevi" Tnunton, 

liii llml lulfway lo imderlalie tho 

«t< nt. L«(t to liiiiisi.df lie would 

ui taU-'W'.nl tho kiuf; naii furonl him (g 
but tbe orders "f parliament w^re 

Kftry. ' I «m very sorry," ho wrote to 
If," 'wo sliuuld ui>i-nil our liiiii? uo- 
CfiUhlr bc-fom ft town, wliilst the king 
b tirn» to BtrriwlJien hioiH'jLi'.aiid by (cr- 
■f^Y ... t,.-^. ,-,K,..i-. <-,.;. ,,*■ ..(1 [iIjuvh whKre lii^ 

ci' '■■nee, iii. 22H^, 

Oii ■ - 111 IT than l>i'*i«'^r>'<i 

from 111 Mhv (>» fi Juno, when the wt>Ioonie 
onl- r I Mi>i>' ii> nice lh« sieg^. At Nasehv, 
<ii 14 Jiino l(14'i, Fnirfax hron^it 

l.l> I bnttld, uiiiJ deteatc'i him with 

tbn IiJUB of ftU hU infautrv, artilK-ry, ami 
'ba^Brnp^- A!) am>iinL» uf \uv buttlu iii^rvf in 
d'* i-ti)>>Kii counse vlucb th« 

g. I jUrpd. He Eesdod auvera] 

cli>i:^i jp'tlanlartilnnl withhuiown 

hftii i I • i;t; Whitei-ocke, Tol. i.; 

M' _'i'l). *Ae much for braTory 

m 11 lo htm in rhis fu-tioo AA to & 

ttian, iiiiL-rv,!, Cromwell (CABLiLit, Letter 
xxix . ) rairfax now, after rocnptiirinif l.ci- : 

pj... . . i ., . -■ii,,Ycd Taiintou, aud j 

A- ' (lort inSomiTHi:l*hire 

oi' !■ i .- '■ myal armv of any | 

Hi- - thii* ■hollrivd. ' \\ e ciinnot | 

ftt'.i - '----- uiprry I ^- "11 'hinirscoiiHdi'red, | 
than that of Nji-' .' wnitf Fairfiui 

(^;.,.r,*. <•;-,■.-<,.■ . i S,%). TJridp- 

■n IuUt (1'4 Jiily), aiid 

]ti ralhrww*s-k»'«i(y*r 

(lOSi-iit. I Thi' Ir'tiiiT III which Fairfax sum- 
tBnn"'f IVim-" nnjw^ t" ^'inrnnrlpr ihal city 
o-.-i ' rinn of his i«di- 

Xh - tiff (.Si'itntoi;, 

p rir.y wpnl into wiut or 

1)1. iig u huf of po*ti* lo 

c>- iViilI and LVv.inshiiv, 

ai < r. Thi- i-siiiijiaiyn t'f 

Ir; . ,iir:i ::!! .■(ijifiire ftf Dortmimlh 

(I - liich wv fnllowed by tho defeat 

Ol I '■ '-■ ■■ -n ^Ml Fell.), ntul th- 

en; ^ army (II March), 

^f 'iriil t< i.-.i-rnw r<«capi> 

()t> h<t innt;a- 



lloflaii 



'tiil'OjDuii-iiuid 
caiiituLitioa o^' 



Oxford Fairfax retiwd for a timt* to Bath fur 
tbu benctil. of hiit hunllh, which waa greatly 
ituiNumd hy thn citinpatirn niid by bU many 
old woitndd. Rheiunattsm and tho Btono 
■i_p|)far lo have b«en hxn chivf ailmaDts {ib. 
ill, 261 ; SPBiiiuH, p. 31ft). In Norpmber he 
rutumed to Londou to receive ibc ihauka of 
both bouses of parliamciit and of the city. 
' Hereafter,' said Lentbal, ' as the succussura 
of Julius Cie'iar took the name of Cicnr, aU 
famoiiit and victorintii^MiCKy^dins^nerala in 
this kin^oin will dt;sire the nddiiion of the 
name of Fairfax ' (OW J'arliamenlary HuL 
XV. 100). After Naitby parUament had 
toted 700/. for a 'jewel ' to Dk praxTnlM lo 
Fairfax in cummemorAtiun of bia victof^. 
Thiji, after pacing through thn hundx of 
Thuroaby and Hora4% Walpole. wu in 1870 
in the poMesaion of Lord JlactinfT" {Mahk- 
ilAM, p. ■IXi). In the Uxbridee pro}mf>itiona 
in IV-cember ItVb'i parliament lia<l Mtipulalvd 
that the kin)f should crc«t« Fairfax ua Eng- 
liah baron, and that be aboul*) Ik^ cudowed 
with land^ to the v^Ue of 6,00U/. a y««r. 
Latuli to ibai volui' wuru settled upon him 
after tbe failure of tlie treaty ( Whitbixktke, 
!i. 73; Oid Pnrltnmioitan/ a\Mt. rir. 13!}). 

In tht- itjiriufc of ltU7 parliament took in 
hand the reduction of tho army, and TOtcd 
an H Maruh tluit Fuirfnx should be ^neral 
of the limited fnrm tn he still mAinlitiiiL-d. 
'i^nie wondered,' says Wliito]ocke,'i(iUiottld 
admit a drlwite and i]tu::nUon ' iWrmoriaU, ii. 
1 ll>>. The soldien oojecled lo be dlHlwnded 
until thev were paid their arcearH.aiid ^ii^rurMl 
fmm civil KtiitM for militaiy actions, and they 
petitioned FairGtx to that effect. Fairinx 
was urdrrwl to suppmu tbcir pelilinn.and 
did tK>, but Ibis diil not put a stop lo the 
Bf(italioti among them. Waller im<l Flollea 
unjustly ihnjw a duubt on the einceriiy of 
bin effort* I Walirr, t'indiaitiim, pp, Ifi, 72, 
fll,85; Uoi.r.K«. J/nHoir«, ed. IfiHO, pp.84, 
8l^>. Nr;i(iti;itiiiHi. Wtween the coniuuK- 
flionera of the parliament and the n-preeen- 
tativeo of tbe army cnntinited duriiiu April 
and .Mav. From'JI April to21 May Fairfax 
was in London consulting a pliy«ician. His 
fri<ind?'i-ntrt?a(iei overrame hia own wish tn 
n-si)nM '^*"'' -•''■"I'/rWi/, p. 4). At tbe eud of 
Mayparliamenton!en?d him hack to iIm- army, 
ouu uf the UK-uib> .re insultiii^lv Miyiii^ ihal 
he hod time enough to gu to Hyde Park but 
not to attond to hia duty. Ho cnmmunicatod 
the final oflen of the parliament tn a meeting 
nf offii-ere at Bury St. KdmumU ott 28 Mjiy. 
TheydcclarvdthomtuisaliaSictoryandpresfMl 
him to appoint a ^neral rendizvouii of the 
army for the con<uderatipn of thf (inr=tion. 
In forwarding the resolutions of 1 1 ' 

of war to parliamcRL Fairfax eanu^.'-i 



•airfax 



144 



*airfax 



ihe \utttT U> adopit a loore moderstp conr«)<, 
Wid dpfinMl his awn atl it udo : ' I mtroat 
you tliat them nwy ba vux* at love &nd cum- 
ncMuro thought apon. I ahall du my un- 
awTOunitthoiieh I amfonitd U> yield aam^- 
Ihiag out of order, ia ke^ tbo array from 
diKwder i>r worse inoonvptiiijiiCTO' (OW Pitr- 
bnmmtary Hixt. \t. 3ftS-V)0). Three dnya 
later Lhu kUutc of the Idn^ by Joyc« took 
pliiC)?. 3 July, an art which nhowi^ faiiw com- 
plMt'ly thi? anny hud thrown nfl'the control 
<ir thf ni-nfml. Fairfax slate* thai he imrn»- 
difitply sent. ColoTw>l "WTnllt-y and a f"HipIo 
of roKimt'nla Ut remove JoycaV force and 
conHiicI tlw' king back to llolmby, hut thn 
kiiur rtifiuod to rt-'.uni, and whfii I'nirfax 
bims^lf «lt«inpt4^1 lo perxuiulo him to do ao 
flaiil to him, ' Sir, t haw as ^ood inttrrv?) iu 
the ariDT iM yon.' Thtt ftiinttntl'* [mipoaa) Ut 

ELiniahJojceforiminbonlinatiDnwaarpjeclMl 
y II council of war {Sk"rl Mfimtriitl, p. 7). 
In the account which Fairfax ^tp to the 
psrliamont of thijae event* he erplnini hi* 
Unwilling ns^nmptioD of thecliaT^,AitHKtnti-) 
thai bo lias pluci.'<l a trusty guajd round tlie 
king 'to (UH'ure hi» mnj(**ty's person from 
danjivr, and nr^vc^nt nny attempt m of bucIi an 
mav design \>v (In* luirantHite of hi* |iGraon 
the biHliT to raise any »tw war in ihlii kin^r- 
dom ' {Old I'arlinmr'iturtf llUt. x\. XW). 
In tiiB gi'm-ral rt^nderroiiB at Xcwmarltct 00 
Ij Jniie the army i'stabliahvl « muncil for \\* 
own gtivemnii-nt, consiMing of the gt<ner&l 
offiurs who lutd composed Ihu old roitncil of 
■war and reprewntatiVM of Ihr nffloiTrt and 
soldioiB of i-cch regiment. Dy ihis body the 
anny woi soremMl till tltD outhrvak of r.ho 
fti^oad cinl war, and by it iho political 
nunifutto* of tho army were drawn up. 
FairEu atatcs ' ^m the limu Ihoj d«cUre<l 
their Uiurpwl authorily at Tripln.* lifaili, I 
never gari? iiiv frtK> Mnsent to anything th-^y 
did ; but, being yet undii-chargvd of ui y pluLV, 
tbev M't my nnini^ in a way of courMt to all 
thiOr pan<>r8 whether I comwnted or not ' 
{Sskori Memorial, p. 9). Th« dttrlarntiotut 
of the army art> luiually aigtied 'John Kuah- 
worth, by the aptioinfm>?nj of hin EtcelK-ncy 
Sir Tbomoa Fairux and tlw- f>iimcil of "VVar.* 
With parts of the policy followed by the 
council of war Fairfax oe^tmx tw^TiTthrlcw 
to have tiutirtdy affreed. In u long K-ltvr 
flf H July he viadicatea the conduct of the 
army in treating with thu kiii^, and UiL-ir 
policy towardx him. He recominenda 'all 
Kind uaoge to his mojealT's perean,* and 
urged ' that tender, <.-qui1ablH, and iiiodQrnto 
dealing towards hia miijealy, his roro] &milr, 
and his late parly. «o ur as may stand with 
aafety Xa the kingrlnm. ia tbr mo'«C linp<-ful 
course to t«ke uwuy the 6v«da of war or 



future fauds amongst ua for p<ut»rity, and 
lo procure a hutiofr {t'occ and agr»!mi-ot in 
this now (ij«trncl«u nalion't O/'J Purliaav/f' 
tary Hist. sri. 104). Atthr-rrr! nf July iha^ 
army man-hed on London, O'* ' iim- 

lect the perlinnii'nt from thi' . thf 

city. The general ptofosw-'d hiui-i-U ' JeeplyJ 
atHirtM wirh ^llr^ lat.i cArriiijt^-^ toward* th«l 
parliameni,' and proiiiiM>Hl in umi all his 
power 'to pre*fTve them, and in them Ibi? 
int4>re^t of tl»c nation' iib. p. 1H«). Nini», 
Inrdn and about 0114 huIIdr^•d couuiouvn! 
joined thi? army, and on^ni^rxt to Mvk and did! 
with Fsirfaji and \\iv army in vindJcaliua 01 
tbehonotiraiidfrt^irdomnf purliam»nl,4 Aujr.j 
l(M6. On 6 Au^'. he bn'ught them Imck ti] 
TAVttmiiiit.T, and n«(iir«i! iKt' thanks ofj 
parliament for his aervices. I'heri! i-i Uttlnf 
dotilit that in the negotiations of thcfollow-j 
ing months Fairfax continued to sidt? wilhj 
thoM who desired to make terms with ihoj 
king, but bo confined himm'lf nioinly to hia' 
military dutieA, and hiHuanit! appears hardly 
ever in the accounts of the negotiotioita. 

To a considontblc cxitnt be aueouodvd \xA 
rvtiloring the discipline of Wit; army. Korij- 
in September he was able Iu report to por- 
liiimttnt (hat nix thoii«»iidCi>Ot and two tluju>| 
Mind horee wen iwady to serve in Ireland ifj 
their arrears weni satisfied. He never ceoMiif 
to «rge on parliamrint rho neci'-uiity of pro-I 
viding for the pay of the soldiers (lU«il-| 
WORTH, vii. "9r», Hlfl). In thr groat rti\-i>rwa/ 
which look place iu the following Novem^i 
l>or the mutinous rogtmt-nl« were ruduct-d to] 
obi»li>-noi-, and thu l''velli::r8 for a time nup-j 
pntaSMl. 'Without retlreaa of these abuawij 
and disordiTS,' announced Fairfax, 'hianx— I 
cellcucy cannot, nor will ai>y lougvr nudcr*[ 
go or undertake, further 10 disebar)|;(- hiaj 
prosenl trust lo the Mrliumont, thi- nrmy.] 
and thr kingilom.* In thi> MtNtnd plii<'>-|,l 
' though be is brabove any such low ihonglilal 
as ti> court or woo the «nnr to conlinwr him] 
their gffnfral, vet to dii<r)uit)^ hiimielf u»\ 
the utmost and to bring the business In 
certain nnd ckor issue,' ho iirumi^-d to tv\-\ 
here to the army in the endiMVour to obtain] 
the satisfaction of their claims as sohlicrs,) 
nud the rvform of parlJamuDt. Oil»?r poli-l 
tical questions were to be left to porliomenuf 
Every rogimenl suK-tniily engngud lo acvepcl 
this coui|>mmi)>e {Old PnriiametUAty nUt.l 
xvi, 310), It was more easy, bow\'V«r, la] 
n-#for« iinlt-r in 'hi- Tr.nVa. than to mudvniU 
the politirat >: unrilof war. A( 

corduig to Kjii l"..dy reeolved at wi 

time ' to romovn ali uui of 'lb* hoiiM ^ut 
they conceived to be giiilly of ob^rwtirtjf^ 
the pnhlio wttlimont.' Cromwell ■- ■ 
pn^aed him urgently to iiga ordur. 



Fairfax 



us 



Fairfax 



I 



Miai'i Imi liifl delnyine to <1d m> for tbroe 
iiir dny, iini1 tlu- oiitbri«k of tJiR nernnd 
ciril wror. preTcntod the fnlfilmrat of this 
J,-,,.,,, ^h'-i Memorial*, }f. ^). LKmb^rlwait 
d' [ < thi> north tr> rliet'-k the much 

ih-j in»iin>*ciii>ri in \Vftli-»j wliil* tho p^m-rftl 
bim»«lf undertook to provide for tli(? eafutT of 
lx>D(lon. CUreRi]oii(i;o«<s fto far bStoMy l.hiit 
FnirCnx, eren ot lhi« duU*, rrfvijwd to wrve 
miMUDftt liie S<!ot8 ( Itrh^Ui'fi, xi. 0, 68), Tl»e 
K^ntisb ro^lisu wore crunhinj;lT drfeftt^d nt 
Maidetoiitf ou 2 June, tmdoii 13Juii>.>l''urfi4X 
LiMlMM^^to('ol('beiit<^r,ini/>whirb Ihtilpftders 
of Ui» riuiuTM'tiua and lli(< rvimnant of Ibdr 
AnoT b«il thrown th>-niii<Ort« (UrsHWriRTH, 
TU. 1137, llSfl). llit> garriBiiTi hnld out for 
mrnntT-firn dJiTs, till hunifer tnd tb« im* 
poBMbiltt; of n;fn.'f forwd tht-m to «iim>ndi'.r 
i'J7 Aup. iy48). Fairfax hw Iwen wvcr^ily 
bUmed for thi^ Pxi'«ulion of Lucas und TiUlit, 
nod ihe sulwyjiieut cvndemuation of I^crd 
Ck|iel. Their c^xecutinn, however, was no 
bmcb of tlio tomui on which Colehwtcr 
(Mitulaltfd. Br LboMi t^rroik th« live* of iha 
sulilien and infiTtor officers wi<rv ^uHranteMl, 
but tliti »U{ji-nor ollu~'-rj< aiirn^diTiHl 'al 
nu-rov,' which was br■f.^^'hiln(l dcfinpd to 
nu-«n ' H> M iV" lord-jrt'in-ral may h«> fiw lo 
put som* imiDi-diAtitlj to the sword, if lie 
Mv cauM.'; althuufih his excellency inteuds 
ebiHiy . . . ro nurTend<rt ihem lo the mitipj 
of tbc parliamt-Dt' (i^. tiL 1:^47). lu ac- 
Mcdancu wiih the discretionary fiower thus 
rvwrrvd, Lacae and lA^h were immviliately 
tHuA by sentetiec of the cotincit of war, ' for 
•one 8Bti*liictioa of military' justice and in 
nut of avvn^^ for tbi< innuct-nt IiIixhI Ui^y 
lulTi! causes] tu be apill, and ths trouble, 
datnapv, and mi»c.'hii'f tDfyhavu brought u|M>n 
tbf> town and ih>- liin^iim ' (ifi. vli. 1^43). 
'The <j4h«t iL-atli-ra,' «T\)te Fairfax, 'I do 
herrbT ri'iidiT iinlo tb<- |inrli«mfriri« jiidp- 
mcntfor fun bfr public jiisTicfi and merry, to 
bn ti>i<d as you nnall ttv i-imse.' PariiHinpnC 
Uioutffat fit tJi cind<'nin (_'4ip«] to dealb, and 
lor tliat B»-ntrnte Fairfax was in no way re- 
Kpofuilik-. Taprl )dt-a>lcd that quartrr had 
Mvn prjiniH-d bini, and Fairfax wiu ciillfi 
on f) oil"'!*!!! to thft bi;-h court, of jusiii-p 
to ihu rcst'rvn- 
I i not in any wuy 
■1> 0". !:!'■ civil ftutbority (SXirf 
D), Tlwcbiinrpof (.•qiiivorwlinii 
' ' him i* t-ri- 

71. Wbiltf 
i:;n-»*i iiar- 
wi'Ii tli» 

..,.!,. ..ri<! ibo illilr- 

factory. Itulhcnlb-d 

ttti - -. . ! .;..^., .la. r^urinif Iho ««ge 

TOL. XVUl* 




of ColchMt<>r, Milton aildrowed to him S , 
Konnnt, in which lie wad smnmonml to t«ke 
in band the eettlcmont of the Itingdoin aud 
clear the land of avarice itRd rapine (Sonnet 
XT.) l.udloK came to the catnii and ur^cd bus 
to prdvtut thi' conclusion of thi- Ireaiy, to 
which Fairfax eofwinvdiageneniltnTniithat 
ltt> viAi ivjkiIvmI to use the powvr be had to 
mainiain tfac cause of the public (^VimoiW, Ad. 
17-)l,p. 101). Assuun as the BJe^wa8 0Ver, 
rv^mcnt afti^rrcfriiufjil prwh^nled a^idreH^esto 
their general oRainiit tbepoJiey ofiwrliament. 
Tlv trnn.>milted to the House of C'oininonK 
thtt rtrmy rtvmoniitTUMV of 16 Nov., in whicli 
tht- rupture of the treaty and the puuidhment 
of tht^ king were demanded in the plniiii»t 
lerni*. He r«(m-*t<'d, on their behalf and hia 
own, that the remonstrance might bw itn- 
mt^iatvly coDtadend, ■ aud Lhal no failinfr in 
circumfltanecd or expression" mifrht prejudic*; 
eilher the nuuson or justice of what was ten- 
dcn-diirlhi-iriuti-ntiiinit ' {0/J JhrHnmrntnrif 
Hist, xviii. 1(H>: Kibiiworth, vii. ISdO). A't 
tbe (Mime time, to prevent thu eMajte ur thu 
iwmoval of thh king, he sent Ewer to replace 
Ilammond as governor of tbe ])d4< of 'Wif'fat. 
t)n 30 Nov. anot)i>.>r declara tion was pub- 
luih«d in th« nam*! of tho gen eral and army 
complainiug of the layin|r axid v of I liutr rv 
moustrauc«, disowning tn(> &u thority of the 
majority of the Mous« of Com raocis ns cor- 
rupt, and promising to own that of the honest 
minority if tJwty woidd separat tbvmM^Ives 
from the reist. Like thti former, thin wa«, 
backed by a private lettt-r £pom Fairfax toi 
till* f(i*afi«r (Oaiiy. MfmoriaU <(f the Civil 
War, ii. 70). The army ihcn occupied \jm- 
don, and on 6 Dec. l*ricli>'s Purffe took plaoe. 
Fairfax nnHostA tluiit buhod nol{nawl«dg«iof 
tlie forciolw exclusion of the members until it 
had uctiially taken place, and the oljiipmenta 

(if Ludlow, Clarvndou, aud Whildockf appear 
to confirm this. 

Uut his reu-ntion of hid post after Pride'* 
PurgB, his answen to Lh<- demands of the 
nnnmons for the rulen^ie of their mcmbn-n. 
and his signal ari! of wnrrants for the con- 
finemitnt of tbe prUonom render it impos- 
sible to ocouit him entirely of rcapousibilitT 
(Otd Parhantfttijiy jriti. XYiii. 4<(1, 4Hh). 
Kia attitude with n-HiK-ct lo tho kin^f's vxe~ 
cntion, thougli s/imcwhat similar, wim mom 
' ■' ' ' It may be conjectured that Fairfax 
'■ tit the trial and depoAiliun of the 
■^iiit', I'ul did not contumplato his exfyuiion. 
TIh^ aniiy rciuooolranco Lad styled ChurleH 
■ t he capital and trrand author of our troublM*,' 
and di'mnnih'd tlint he vboald be spectallv 
brouffht to justice for 'the tn^awm, blood, ant'l 
miaciiief heia iruiltvof.' This ouebt in have 
openad tbe «y«a ot F&trfiu to t£« ptobsbia 



Fairfax 



146 



Fairfax 



^_^^ ,_.Jottiiiu force on the parlia- 
ment. "Heiawnpointed ono of ihf kind's 
judges, and attended tbe pr^liminBry me^i- 
ing of I'hfl comTiiiMonflT«(B Jan. 1019). but 
that inoetinK oulj. When tlie iiame of i>'air' 
fax WAS n>Bd out at tlie heiid of tlie lint of 
judges, OB lb« fint da; of tb« iruil. Lady 
Vairfax ie wud to liavu proteatod that lier 
hiuband was not tburo, iior ewr would sk 
ontan^ Ibom, iLiid that tboy did wrung to 
name htm aa a silting eommiasioner (Kcan- 
VOBTD, vii. 1395; CtAXEJnOTS. xi. iiS&'i. 
Fairfnx MiiyH biniikilf of the kinu'n clc«t fa : ' M^y 
alBict^'d and troubled mind for it and mv 
BaniMit c>nd«!>«VMur! (<> ]>rav«fnt it will stifli- 
cientlv W«tify mv disliko and nbhorrencn of 
the Cict ' iSkorf .VemoriaU, p, 9). What 
the pmwiso natare of tho«e ondcaTonrs was 
is uucoctain. According to Drian Fairfax, 
' on the ni^t of 20 Jan. some of 1 ho jrcntrid's 
biunda propoaod tu him to alt-i-mpt tbv next 
daytoreMiuethekingflellin^bimlliat twenty 
thousand men were ready t«i join with bini ; 
bi! said bw wiw n-«i<ly to nailiire bis own lif«, 
hut not the liroA of othf^TH, ngiainst th« armv 
trnited affBinat tbem ' (Ukluc I-'Aiurix, £^ 
qf SitcJaj^ham, p. 7). On m Jnn. il«Of 
Uerbortdaicriboit Fairfax aa ' beins; all ihaC 
morning, w indeed at other time.«, uung all 
bia power and inl«TO6t I0 have the i>xeeu- 
tion defiBCT«d for aoma day», forbearing hia 
oarainramonglheoffiocr«,and fully rosolvod 
with bia own ngimmt to iirnTenl the «xi»- 
ffotion or hare it deferrod till he could make 
B party in tbi? armv to wnrnd liiit (IfisiK*) 
(Memoira, ed. 1702, p. \M). Prince Omrlea 
wrote to Fiurfnx unfin^' him to t^ave iind 
mtoreihe kinfr, and t)i» qur^i^ bi^;!^ hi« 
pan to come to h(>r hu&nand, hut tbeir 
ooramuni cations Ti?main«vl unuMweni'd (f'n^ 
Stau PapTi. Dom. IfilS-.'iO, p. 6; CiKY, 
MimorialnofihefivH JTflr, ii. 101). CLaren- 
dou conclude* Ins acciunt of the conduct of 
Fairfax duriuu thin i>eriod by uyiui;: ' (Jul of 
the AtupiditT of hu soul lie waa Uiroog-bout ' 
overwillvd by CromwoU, and mado n pro- , 

nr to bring that to pawi whieli coulil viry ' 
ly have wen otherwise eitected' (lie- 
btUhn, xi. 2!V>>. But lb.- tnitb i«, FiiiHVx 
and Cromwell alike were earned away by 
the army, and hewafitb«irinNtniiii>'nt miber 
than CromTri'll's. Ho markod bi» disap- 
proval of tbe kiug"* death by the retervo- 
liouD which be made in his engagement to 
be faithful In thu Commonwealth. Like the 
othor pMm who beo^mv mumben of ihi- i^un- 
dl of Btate, he declared that ho had sorted 
the par)iani<-Rt faitlifullv, and wtix H-illinB- 
to do BO etill, there bemg now nn power 
but that of tne Ilouee of Coiomooe, but 
could not lign th« eDgagem«nt becauae it 



wa» n?ln»pective (Cat. State Pafnert, Uom. 
ItMO-iMlip.Ol- lJc.sidr-3»iitlin)f in ibeooimci 
of Mate Fairfax aUo entered the IIuus<^ 
('ommona aa member for CircnciiAtei (7 Feb, 
1&19). lie was alaorcappointedoamman' 
in-chief of oil the forces in England and I 
Und {ib. p. 02.80 March 1(^49'). lu that capi 
city Fairfax wax imuti!<ltal«ly called up-tuto 
auppiviHi n mutiny of the levt^lliu^ puny bi 
the armv. which he eBectod ut l$urf-.>ru ou 
14 May' llUd i^A Dtclamttan t^f hu KttnU 
(eney vonvxming the Prumt Dittrvifteri ; A 
Sarratii* of th» PriXtfdiit^M of thr Ijt>. 
GeHerat in the Jletlndifff 0/ the Hftotted 
Trnaju, 1649). After toe suppr^^-Mion of 
the miititiv, Fairfax vi#itei] Oxford and waa 
crealwl a b.C.L. ou 19 .May 1649, while m 
many of bid officers received honorary degroee 
(bat tbi» WB» lenuL-d the FairlJu»n Crea-i 
tion ( Wood, Fatti, 1&19). Id the aummer • 
1<>!^ n-ur with Seotlaud became imminent, 
and tbe council of hUiIc determined to antt>| 
cipute the expected attack of the Scots l>r 
oil invasion ot Soot land. Fairfax wax will- 
ing to command against the Scots if they 
inradod England again, but resigned rather 
than attack titein. ' Human probahiliticA,* 
he aaid, ' are not liutficieat grouuda to make 
war upon a neighbour nntiou, especially our 
bcethrea of Kcoibiiid, to whom we ore en- J 

r;ed in a ooU'mu league and corenont.'j 
committee of th« eouncil of state wuj 
aent to pemuuli; liim to rtitain h'a pooL, bucj 
he adhered to hiH eonacientiou« scroplca 1 
tWaiTKi-OOKB, fi". 4'iO-2). Ill- [(-tttT of re- 
signation is dattst liJ^ Jun^" l*li^) (iSl.tKti8BT,i 
Dianj, fii. Parswas, p, 340). Wbilelocko,' 
Ijudlow, and Mr*. Flutohiniion agw^ in at-^ 
tributing Fairfax'^ .^cruplea to the inJlucnc« 
lit' bis wife and the presbi-*--"^ 
(I.lDLow.ed-l'oI.p. 151 ; lb 
l^ilo. ii, I1J6). Fyflliereetel ■■.■n-l 

wealth and during tbe protci?t<.trnte i'lurfax , 
lived in rxjiireuMit at Suu Apili''*!! ^ ork* 
shire,d«rotint;liiHl<:'i.surecbi<''' 
Ho made a evlkt-liuu of coitia <u 1 ''ff>i 

wbich iifterwoTilA coiut- into ilie liuuda 
Kalph ITioresby, He tranalated ' Vegi-Uu* ' 
from ibi^ Latin, and * M<>rciiriuiiTrk9li)e)^iStiia 
from the French. Kr>uL^>ccuupo«M]nlju8tiir7r] 
of tite chureh npto Ibe timo of thn Ruforma* 
tion, A Iktilt) treatise on the breeding ol 
homea, a metrieal TeMiou of tbe psnlni* auilJ 
other portions of the HiMi\ and n tvinjiidcr-l 
alio amount of original rer^ie (Maukuaji,^ 
p. UtW). 

Tbrouehuai the prol*- •'—'*■ '■'"trfax wm 
continually rfi>>irli^ h\ tpii^ tol 

bo engagml in the intri'^ . -:■ royalliwj 

Bgninut tilt; t^vi^Tnnii'nt. In I'tfh'i, on E*mi* 
ruddock'd rijiug, in 16CS, at the titna ol 



9^ 



'■■^j 



^airfax 



U7 



Fairfax 



IIbwiUV plol, and in 16r.9, w!t«n lloolb'« 
ruioff look pUcA, mrnlist agenta rspurloil 
that litf was about to dwlarci for the kir4f. 
All tliMA report'^ npwnr to hnvo lx>en un- 
/oundi^l. lie refused u letter tendered tu 
bun from tli« kiiuf, nnd t* Mid to have u>- 
ffiuiitiU'^ C'fomwell with ilitoTtrtures which 
liatl t«(!u iiiude toliim(tii/. ( 'iarendon I'ni-trt, 
ti. 383,-ti>tt: TiiunLOB, iv. 4^4). Tovrardi 
ihv did i>r thv protwrtorati*, however, ihif rela- 
iMtunWlwc^nVairiAx and OrAmwoll bocamc 
AXIn'iiM'ly Etraiuod. A tK.irtiuii of \.\w for- 

tc'-.t- ' i of l]i'orj,fe\illierft, wcoiid duke- ' 

of . . .01. had bven gnul«d ttj Fairfax 

ixt ~.. .-.■;■ .-<n of liipi iiiTi^Rt and bin pi-rioion. ' 
HucJun^hun coiiceiTpd ilie idc^a of rei'ov'?rinff 
|)i« .jmt.'i }iv cinrrytNc th>> only il«iiifbt*roT 
\, -. Maiy Fairfax {},. Ifi.ls) had ' 

|«- 11 led tn Philip, necond earl of 

Gbeswrtieid, but tlie natch ww broken ofT. 
antf on 15 ijvpt. I0S7 she became tbe wU«of 
Boekingltam ( Mask ham, p. STS). The mar- \ 
ria^v U aaid tu Law W-vn arraagvd bv Lddy i 
Vwfv, tlu< luotherof Lady Kairfax.aad Major ■ 
KolRfTt Harlpy, a prominent pruabitenan | 
Itndrr. The ^iivi'mimrtil ri-^nUd it with | 
nupicinn, partly aa beinp "a prftribytcrian 
j>Iot,' and partly on aca>iini of IWkingham'e 

Ki*L raDN'-r as a wyali.*: ( TnrRU>i:, vi. 617 ; 
S^hjt FUHFiA, 'Lifr of liufhinykinn, pfe- 
eitJ to Arl--r'^ tvl.of \\\t: fUfimrtnt, IWiS, 
]>.>^l. Awarrnntwas i»Aut-d for Duckiu^haui'a 
»rra*t.and Fairfiix vainly lioli cited Cromwell 
and the cdOflial to lui bici nmiaiti at Ubortv 
<TuEiu/<e, vi. 680, Bir,«4t*; Ili-I. MSS. 
Otmm, oih Ri-u. p. 177). In spito of tho 
vflbrta of lii* fat iut- In-law, Kiickiii^linin wim 
inpriaoned, and, though n?!"*;**! on parole, 
ilitl not [•timiancntly ubtaia his liborty till 
it xriui |rraniiil him bv nnrliatniint on Fair* 
6i< (firing hail for ^.uOO/. for tho duk«'a 
sood l»ehnviour (Hrmwy, Tttary, iii. 370, 
S) I-Vb. 111^9). Kain'ax wax highly iiidig;- 
nnnt at tbi« nll'mnt, nnd is reported to have 
d- 1 " ■ ■ 'aince the diwolrinff 

■.< ' J t , which wii! brakv up 

«- wnf- nothing but ghiftin^ 

a lusunj and that \>v know 

b'lt ixii li' iiiii'Eji (-LdKMf bv hU old commis- 
aioa lu genL-ral lo Bp]Hiar ui annii on behalf 
of the p<Mipl<< t.f lli>->i" niiticn*' (Titritijir, 
vi, 70*t). In Hie liani t Vxnw-nU's parliamHDt 
Fairfax f. j.i. .. i r,,l V..rlt»!iin*, and llioiiub 
\» ipol. . ^n.udi'rablo intliionce. 

Til" *•'■ '■■■ in hi* few rworded 

, t' ivy\ jear of military 

m ' *J7;ii. He «Bi iwxt to 

Uiulri>K Bii' iitarly with ll:t>»p|ia- 

' titi'Ti ' H M t'fiTt'piibliciins, and 

r -rt/ writm cnu 

III I ailuanutherbdda 



ttiat hewaa 'extollnd aaafbrtiuiatoiiuut,aiid 
not ambitious,' and there waa some thought 
of putting hitn fomanl nffain ae (general 
('rHt'Klx}^ vii. IJltJj Clartttidon ataUVttfier*, 
iii. 423). ^rdeatix in hia despatches du-l 
■eribca Fairfax at a leader of the prenby t*Tian j 
party ,(0 LizoT, lOckard Civrnwell, ed. 16M. 
i.8;2,4')U). Oiil9Maf ItioUhcwaaelccled 
a uie0ib«r of tho oouneil of eitaio, but novvr ' 
acted {Otl. Sintt J^tprrt, Vom. liHW-W, p. 
S49). Fairfax's nMotifttiona with -Mi>nclc 
Iwgau in NuTDmber I6&9, iniiuv<Uululy afu>r 
tlie cxpuUtion of llw* parliament by La'mbt-n. 
Thev n'cTe conducted throng two intur- 
iQt-dtaritw, Kdwanl liaiwW ami Sir Thomas 
ClargBs [q. v.} From tbe first Fairfax th- 
sipu^d not in«n*ty llw rMloraliriD of tht» 
Knmpi^Jjy^lhg^miHdon of lli« e«o1u'lMl 
members and a free parliament (ItAKRli, 
CAroitirif, contintwd by PhilliBA*)B70, pp. 
090,091 ; Fnirfojc Uorr»tp. iv.TW). Accord- 
ing to Clarendon bewail moTod to action by 
a u'ttei: from thu kiui( d<.'1ivfrvd to him by 
Sir Horatio Townahend ( Httiellion, x vi. 1 1 7 ). 
Fairfax and his friund* miherMl in armsnn 
30 Dec, and on 1 Jan. Vi>ruHiibmilt»d lit I bent. 
Thp samfi day Mnnck cpniwwl the Tn-wd, and 
in cotuequence nf thuir Kunrwa wiw able \o 
aih-mnce unopposed into Fnglnnd. Some of 
the supporterB of Fairfax endeavoured Cq 
extract from tht^ leader a (Wlaration of ad- 
hLTuueo to tbe Rump, or at taut an eui^afns 
mi^ut against any amfile person, but he re> 
fuMd tM rivd niorv than a g«ni'ral promiiH* to 
»upp'rt tliKaiitliontyof narliauifiil. \Vh«n 
Moni'k pnitiwd thmii^h York (r<!-17 Jan.), 
Fairfiix ur^ml him tn d'^;la^<• ftir a free par^ 
liam^nt ami for tho king. Mnnck rotiifwl to 
commit lum»^, aod in onkr lo force his 
band Fairfax originated and aenl- to bim 
(10 Vfh. Ifl60) the dt-'claration of tbe York- 
ahireKwntlemen,d»<mandinKeith«rtliereatora- 
tionofthiisit.>clud«<l mi«mbi^rHorn l'rpo|«rlia- 
Dxcnt. These dates showcmcltuively ibt' in- 
fluence «Xi>rvi8ed by Fairfax in brin^ti); about 
tbu Ki^toratiou, oodthuU-nadty witli wLii-fa 
ht* piirsn-?*! that objwit (fa/, iitnte I^nftrrn, 
Dum. I'liiit (W.pp. -2^. :.tiil-fl,3.'i6! licxsBiT. 

linjinli'r, pp. iii. It'. -2'2; Fitirfa.f (.'orrtap, 
iv. 170t. Nt'v«rtlielt>!>F, Fairmx does not 
seem to liaTi; d(-i)in,'<l lo rvwtnn.' ttii- kine 
wilh<mt ciinditiona. The royalisla bilifntvi 
bim l'» lift'Htin'ly tbeirown, when rliry wero I 
BlnrtUtl by hearing ibnt h** had join*rl l>ijrd 
.Maurhesit-'r'B party, whieh wished to oltli^> 
(Jhnrles to acn.'iit th<' ti'mi* olTerrd to his 
patty at N«!Wi>ort {Cltimuion State Pnp/trt, 
iii. 7:^1, 7:^1). But all plans of iJuh natnr* 
weru fntntrated by tbo Lxiuduct of Moni^k. 
Fairfax nM in Uio intiTim c<nincil of «lBt4 
{a March 1<^>60, Cal. Sf^U Papen, [Juiu.J 

L 3 



Fairfax 



MS 



Fairfax 



1<V)1>-00, p. xxvi>, WM B^in clcciwl nii'mbtr 
for Vorkiiture (Marcli KWO), uiil wa^ cIuMUO 
tu lieulUie ooiiimiiifiioiii>r4 ot thi< twu boiuM 
aent td tbe kin^ at t)i«liagitM. Altlioiigli he 
haddoaesomuclito fanrardllioRestoralton, 
b* rfltuniedio Nun Apiiloton vrttlioii; rilfa«r 
tumouno or ri'K.-Hrda. l.uiUnw rei>rt*?*nM him 
u oppcwtDgthp vitidictivH policy of the C'lti- 
vi'niion parliament and ML^'in(|f n[M'ii)i' ' that 
if aay man defierved to be excnptt'd, he knew 
no tn»n that dwwrvwl it inor»? (liiin himw.'If, 
whn beinff genirral of tlin iinny, and having 
power sumcieiit to preTent the pmc«iL»dinKi 
agii.ini<t Tbi" Uin^, hod not ihon^t fit to 
wake use of it t^ilhat tnd'|J/iwMV«, p. 34-1). 
Ono of Fairfax's laitt lett<^rs is an cfirncot 
plw for ckt) moiloratv lud equitabU) treal- 
ment of the p^rsnna miApectM of a share io 
thB80-<ail«d Yorkshire plot (1603). During 
the laat uvea yiTan of Li9> Mfn I'lilrfHX waik 
enppled by diatiafio. HIh roufiin Itrian thtia 
dasonbea nim : 'lie ml tike un <i1il Knman, 
his manly countflnaiM-o flirikine awo and re- 
vereaoe into all that beheld turn, and jet 
mixed with m much modesty auil mMlcncM 
af> no figure of a mortal man ever represented 
more. Most of his time <tid he spend in 
rfli|:poui< duttcH, aitJ much of the roet iu 
rcaditiif t^i>f)J iKnik*' [Makkhah, p. 802). 
During this period hu l^!)m»^LHed nig two 
autobioftriiphicttl wnrkii : 'A^ln>rt MKiuonal 
of the Northern Actions during' the War 
(htTff, from tbf Year UW2 till 1<U4;' and 
•Shnrt MptnorialaofBolm' things to be cleared 
durinff my Command in the Army." Tlie 
first of theiUT (li-alR with tbi> military hiatory 
of tti<> Vorkshin.' cauipai^s: the eecond is a 
vinditalion of his conduct white wineral, and 
somi^ivlKkt too much of a political apology to 
be entirelr truiited. 

Lndy I-airfas dit-^d on 1« Oct. 166'>,FHirfax 
himceLt'oti i:i Nov. 1071; botli wi>re hurii^ 
in the church of Bilbrouffh, near York, The 
will of Lord Fairfax i« ropriutwl by Miirk- 
tuun, whoalso^ivf^s a li.it of pi^jrtraiis, medah, 
and en^riiwa rvpn^seniiiig l^ua (pp. 4>30, 
440). AccominfT to Ihn Mun>- authority thit 
best portrait of Fairfax ia a miniature by Hoa- 
Initii, painted about l<Vi(>, In complexion he 
•WM so dark that.liko StrofTonl, h*w«» nick- 
named ' lllack Tool.' SprigKe, wlio devotea 
several pagea to an Account of his character 
and penon, l«rms him 'tall, yet not nbnve 
Grat proportion, but taller aa some sav when 
he isintaeBeldtlianat homr*M"'7/io Ilfdt' 
»t"iw,ed. isra.pp. 47,31'-')). Whit.^i.x-i.' ihui 
dcstaibea Fairfax in ItVIti: 'Tbo^neral wtu 
a psraon of aa tavek nn<l liiimblc cnrriagf na 
ever I saw in sreat employment, and hut of 
few worda in £»coune or council. . . . But T 
bare observbd liim at Councili of war, that 



hti bath «aid little, but lialh onlnrpd thin 
expreaaly contrary to tlit^ judgTu»nl cif nUhur 
council; and in action in the field I haro 
fleeit him *o bif(bly trannp'iTtol, that scarrL> 
any one dunt speitk a word to him, and h« 
would aiMini mora like a man distract 
fnrint]<!, than of hia ordini\ry mildn 
BO far dilT""i^nt temper' {Mt'tnonal*, i 
ii. ^>. His p>nw)nal conrafr<? wat so c 
npicuous thai hia t'ne.mir.<t clHiif*d him 
other <{ualitiee of a ({eneral. \Valk»r flty 
him ' a pmtlomnn of an irrational and brut 
valour '(///*/,';^y«'/r/«''j'/'-nty.ed. I 
Dut Fairfax hud aliioAii^at m^ritaas 
He vftui rvnisrkubk' fur the rapidity 
marches, the vigour of hix artacka, auil ibft 
excelloaoe of thu disciplim.' which bL' uini 
tained. In hia Vork«him rainpaiirni*, ihouj 
always outnumbenKl, lie continually look t 
ofli-n-ivi-. InlbiiCMinpni|rnofllt4/itheTspidi 
with which he naptureil ro many fort^?.■ 
and the amallnefi* of hi§ 1oa$«s prove bin » 
in Kiegw. In rictorr Im> was di.«tininiifhL 
by the moderation of the tenua be impoM!* 
end hr generosity to hi* opponentn. T' 
Letter in which hepropoaeda treat v to H 
ton in March ItV16 t» an example oi this, ai 
hia ouinorous lettont on behalf of royalii 
oflicen ahow thtt cnn- wil h whifJi lie watcl 
over the obee^^•Bnee of artioleis of aurrendi 
Thi> execution of l.uc4U( and Litlewas a m>I _ 
tary inatAnce of wrerity, aiidb]r no maan* »t» 
indefen^ibte one. 

Fairtftx waaamnnofalMn^IitcntrTta:*! 
and, in the words of Aubn-y. ' a lover of le 
ini;,' IlisKrstactaftcr (he surrender of Oxfi 
was to set a slrotifr iiuaixl to proMrve the 
leian (ArKRET, lArr/i, ii. :t4il). Up assist 
the pPOLVilopiciil rcst-archwof Dodsworth.and 
cmlinued theiwusion which kisgiandrn 
hadfn'antedtoliim[HeeI>ot)«woBTii, IIook 
Uv Iits wiU Fairfax bcqiH-ethed to (hv H 
leinn twenty-«i|rhC valuahlc manuMTiirtn 
the whole of the collection tVinned by li< 
worth. That lilwary al«o acquirvd m I 
H volume of poems and tmnsJalions liy Fi 
(gtx entitled 'The Employment of my .So 
tudt),' extracts from which are primal 1 
Marltltam {i*/"' '/ J-'mr/iii; pp. 4|I>- 
MACRir, AttuttU of the li'^iUian, p. Wt). 

[A selection from tha pnprn of tli-' Fai 
fiunily is ;ovi" in the I'airfax Currcspoi 
ef which the Hw t«o volui'ir^i wore puull 

1848, edil«4l hy ()- \V, Ji.hu-m ; tltu IamI 

1841), edited by HoWrc IL^U, uuder Lte titled 

Mvmorials of the Civil IVhp Tba opiut 

LliTM liittera ara now <li 

tli« itritiah Mtiamim, o<l 

Mr. Alfred Morriwn • i 

Rep ft. ii. p. 407). W 

ftriMit fHlllioDa or LeM . 




rairfax 



r49 



m>n m Unrktiun'x lifn of Knirriix (p. .103). 
They w«w flr*I p«l/.i*Iii,tl hj Briitn Fnirttix 
J69S, ami rui'rinuJ froai bia nlttioD in 
*jaww Trwi. (r. 374, od. S«tl), <md in 
Jeot Tra«s. p. 409. The only com- 
is tljAL ptiMi.ih(il br I/)d£cin III08 
■Ei'IukHaii itH[icrU>T7, tii. 1S\. Hti^ 
fT tm ni f^mgm o( l)i« M«raorUls and oCh«r 
niUin^ lo rnirfiut an prinud in the 
^ tbp Hut. MSS. Comni. p. 4fifi. 
rof Utlctvon poblieanbJKtsanjkinoii^ 
fiUDvr MSS. in th» Bodloiati.aoiiioof nhich 
■pnatnl inCnrr'aJtlomoritilsof ihe Civil Wrp, 
Oifaon »ri< prlniDd io Rtubwottfa'H Cul- 
iiiD (toIh. v. ri. Tii I nnd in tfa« Old J^riin- 
Ui^. O'^^l-S^/- The boM Lifo of 
ia tbnt hy MarklimiD (The Oroftt Lunl 
1S70). whtfli nliM contAtat nn excellatil. 
C of the |ntp|>)ilFU rvlatJDR Ui his <Minpnigii«. 
fJKK^'* At'i;!!'" It^lirim, «!- 1851, ■!<:«« an •<?■ 
bl ~ I tbeneirnKjdd in Ifl44-6i 

IB nirft. ihe Life iif Cit|<tain 

>l|;Hri, :ir-.i i:>«< I.lnchMBof XhWCMLIo's 

f« vf bcr linabnad illusUsU tb» TorksbiTe 
iptigna ) C. n. F. 

TAIBFAX, TIIOMAS, D.D. (16M- 
?10), jesuil, a muniber of au uld Vorkahin; 
ily, wA»b<.>ni iulliitt county in lO-VJ. Hi- 
ludied in lliu cdUoit-) of tliu ioHuiu at Hi, 
fiU(Tr,*!nterrdtlK-nov)liutt^al "W mt'ia.^riwpU 
OTfi, aud WW oixiainod prieet 18 Dec. lftt*3. 
Lt une pHHixJ bf jirofoma tfaeolofiy nt Li^Rv, 
ud ID 1*1'^ bu vrnn aumaXn at Onnnr, Un 
BCcc»*i<)n of .lamra II strenuous efforts 
r- mtulo W the jesuit« to get a footing 
I OtCtril. Ill urdvr tu pve wvi^ht to ibe 
f Ltl.. r-: iiii.l t.1 mmft l\i-:m in obtaining oca- 
Tbe nrovincial, FuiUtir John 
I _iii it odTiMbli) that thegenaral 
the uMneiy sbuuld be notttion»l to allow 
nio't 'lit to lake tlie ilvgnc of D.D. 
< I'^wbo baO j>roffased tbe<iloK7 
:li»t dtirrw al TriivTj*, 'alXiT 
>nfl and at taucU eTpirniu-,' 
u^ FatjfB.i,aDdertbeaa8.umed 
II. Jl in Mali.-d tliBt Fairfax 
.Wse : professor of pKilo^nphy in 

iiiiri I ■ iih-a?-, Oxfonl, anil tliala«waa 
lyiTsml in ttworionlal iaDf;tiat^:«. 
^1 Pit. HtS7 JaioeLS II ^ent a letter to 

rurktT, bi«Iiop of I (xford. who 

C^i— T--n- i ■;-■■■ ■ -M :-.'■' tiC-dlcgiJ, 

rniDatiii' 

■ '■>.<; catbolirii 

Ac«ttdin^ly I'mrfiix wan ad- 
II !i -hit{. 'lO^r-J*, and two 
ljr» liii' ( .. iif nrt^ of th« col- 

/p- Al . I li Dr. noiiai'f ntiiri' 

lOord, tini« nt ih" lour vicareapostoUt.-, waa 
D 31 March IH*^, by a in«mlfttor7 Inu-r 
in lliti kiiii;, ni'niiiiriToit nresideul. At tliat 
tlu! Huyonty nt' titu bUowa and dwuiiea 



were catholics. The hopee of Ihe catb»lica 
were, howevi-r, dMtroywl by thi- reTolution. 
Fsir^ Wfla aliackod iu iLe atreete of Oxford 
Olid narrowly escaped boiiif; nninl«r*d ; and he 
was formally rBraovMl ttttm his fellowahip by 
Uip vwilor OH .to t).:f. IBfW. 

On -2 Feb. lffi>'2-.1 lie w.i)> profi.<w«d of tlte 
four rows. In 1701 itnd 1704 )i« woa pto- 
curator of thft Rneli.ih prnrince of tlit' Society 
of JoisUE), and rej<id»d in Loudon, llv wat 
itationeil nt Wnrtloiir IWtlf, Wiltabire, in 
1710. iind h« died on 2 MarrJi 1715-10. 

lIiswofkBar*; I. 'Sniwltiuwoiwlendred 
tolmpartial People, why Dr. Henry Maurice, 
Cbaplain to W CJrac* of CantsrhurT, ought 
not to b« traduc'd an a Lic<iii»er ot m pom- 

fldet (.'Ulitled, a I'lain Answt^r to a Popish 
'ri«t,' &c. it yrttA subjoined to ' Twcniy- 
une Questions furtlivr ()<.-[u<juitualiu^ the 
Scliiftn of tbf ( 'hurch of KiiKland,' prinlod at 
the lodpngs of Obudiub Wiilk<;r, in Univer- 
sity Colletti't llW*. It wu* wriLtMi in rsply 
to lh*!lt*!V..\l»dnepo Seller's 'Vhiin^Vuswi-r 
to a Popish 1*11051 , (]UfSt toning th« l)rder» of 
Ihp Churoh of Kiij^lund,' Hl?*«. Toa second 
edition of this paaiiiblt't Seller onnosi-"! ' An 
AnBwar lo tbi« Oxtonl ,\ ninindTert^r'a Ite- 
lltwtion»,'ItjjWl. 'J. 'The Secrwt Policy of tho 
Jto>uit«,HiiJttte Preaen:Statcoftbe^orb(>nne, 
with a Short Historj' of Jaus^'nisni in Uol- 
Utid' (a""n.); i!od «lit. 170l', L'4mo. Tho 
nut.hnrnbip is oecTibed u> FairCuA by Uisliop 
Uilliird. ."J. ' \ Caae of Conscience pcopowa 
to, and fk'cidcd by. Forty Doctow oi thfl 
Faculty of Paris, io favour uf JnnitnniMnt. . . . 
With some remarks upon it, proper to cl«>ar 
this whole maUer' (anon.), ItOtf, I'imo. 

r Wood'n Atbeaie Oxon. {IIlii»k iv. ACS ; Lul- 
trvU'ii RcUliou of SlAtv Alliitt«. i. 4<l(i, 41)7, 
118. •'>ti2; llloxiiin's Mng^UUn Cnll. It»uisU>r 
(Index): Bloxnro'fi Mof^cn CulL and Kinu 
JBinciII.pp. 235-S. 2SI-4. 21&-8. 3U : Oliv«r^ 
Jusuit CollMtioRS. p. 87 : l)li**r> OAtholid Ra> 

V- S21. ni. 311 : tilllow'a Uibl. Diet.; JnnWt 
Pojiary Tr»ci«, p. 203.] T. 0. 

FAIRFAX.TIIOMAS. -.ixthJ^iRDlAra- 

r4X«ft'AiiEBo?(|ltitVJ-17f*2>,bomalIlenlon 
in York^hirv in Itiy^, waa (he eldp«t son of 
Tbumiu. lifth lonl Fairfax, by ('Atherino* 
huirr.-asof ib'.i KP;at»-AlaU-H of Lord Culpepper, 
iiicliitlin;.' l.e«<Li C'A^tlo in Kent ana) tha 
NonhvrD Ntvk in \'iq;initi. Hifl father died 
whil«hiiwa*«tUlat()rit.-lL'olJf;p>,Osford,and 
iindf-r ap*', and all the Vorkghirc eitaldii WBW 
sold lo |>ay hia d«bla. The tinal sale took 
placi- it) 1 7 16, and the young lord's onnaection 
with Yorksbiw wiut thiw futAlly 'wivi.irwi. 
Ha is said toliarcbei^na man of ability, and 
to have bt-'t-n ambitious of discinctiwi. lis 
woa intimate with Bolingbrokc, AddisoOf 



.JjJBSMbilJt 



*atrfax 



ISO 



•airfax 



and Sl«e1e, and but n commuuion in tbe 
Lluna. ne was efi^ogvd to Vo married to a 
liujv iifntitlE, and lh>- conlrnct whm actiiaUy 
drnvn iip, xrhrii Iho la<ly jilted him, tmd euon 
af^erwaixJs he vioitvd liie AmnricAu eatatea. 
IttT^ntly the marriaf^ conlroci, with Uui 
ladv'snamecarefully erased, vasfoiindninnn^r 
some old familyMptra. Fairfax fltinllrretimd 
to America in 17^0 or 1717. The Sortbern 
Keckof S'irffinia, which Fairfax had inh<-rit<fl, 
cotnprJMd too n-holc ref^ion bct:vre(;n (ho Poto- 
iDBC uid tlw Ksppfthannock, includiuj; th'> 
ShenondoAh vallej. Fairfax found, wttk-d in 
Virgioia, his cousin William Faidinx, who 
b«came hia afcciit, and vrhnai; ficu en^utually 
8ur<-Ei^eda£tlte eighth lord. For eotnctiuiv 
liin Iiin!iJiip lirrd at Itrlvoir, lli>- house of his 
eoLixtn, on the hank? of the I'otonioc. lU>ru 
he made the Hcquaintnnce oft.he Wiidungton 
family, and he wn/inl Bel voir when I^awrence 
Washington, (lie ekier hrotlier of Oeorjfi*, 
ninrricd Anne Fairfax, and wont to live with 
Iwr ou (be iieiifL touring e«tat« of Mount 
Vernon. Fairfax wbb ialere^tod in young 
Omr|^ Wa«hin^'tnti, and from the time vrben 
tliH fiitan- i^m^ml na* ii hid of lifteeu occa- 
eionnllv riintinf^nt Belroir.his lordahip never 
failed in frit-ndsbip fnr him, and in efuiiia tti 
ftdvanee his fortiiiiw. When tieorge w«a 
little over euteeo Fairfax entru<itod to liim 
ihd importATiT nnd dillinilt dnty fif anrrpyinp 
and muppin^ his property Ui the ^lieiiondonh 
Vftlli-y. Kvcntiially I''nirfn\ wttli-tl in ih.* 
vulli-v, building hiniKlf it botue near the town 
of ^VincLesicr (N'irginia), called (jlr«nv.-uy 
Conrt. llvre hi; I'.tl an uciirelifo in^omoriu); 
Ihcwtlli^iaent rtf an i-xteufcivtf district, and in 
diiichargioft ^'arinllB important puhlir dtiliiM. 
But hiH passion was foi-hiiDtiu^,aiid he had 
n fine mrk of houmU. iliit Wiiiit-i were few, 
his bubiu almost ascetic, and hu wns fumed 
for hilt lilmmlily. 80 titw old liiu'Iiclur livvd 
nn iiQtll the nuT nf in<)epndRniM> brok« out. 
He wiw tt »l4iniich loyalist. News of llw 
flurrendffr of Comwalfis rearhwl (treenway 
Court, »nd the age^l nohleniAul.ank tohisbea. 
TIip downfall of the British caiiEo, wroujrlit 
by the man he had trained ami moulded, was 
liLsdnith-blow, He died on 1:J March 17^12, 
aged W, and was biiri'.-d in the chaiicul of the 
imriiJi church of Winclic*ler, whifb he hail 
endowed, and where tlu-nt is a munumtul to 
lus niHtnOfy. Tho nr&aniit lyinl Kiiirfax, who 
iaafilizi'nof lliolnit^d Statra, is descended 
from the old bachelor's cousin utd ngful, 
William Fairfax of Relvoir in Vii^ginia. 

(Fairfax CorrtspoudoaM, i, cxzx-cxjuiii ; Dr. 
Burnaf^'ii Tr»vi-ls in Xnrtlt .America ; The Fair- 
fnm of KiiKlaiuI luid Amtnca (AlUmj, 1968); 
CIeiB«Dtf R. Uurkham':) Life of Admiral Kobett 
Kur&z. lUlUi.] a B. M. 



PAIBPAX, Sir WILLIAM (!«>»- 

1C44), auldior, was tbc MC<md son of Sir 
Philip Fairfax of Sttittnn «ud Fmnciu" SluW'- 
field. In 16:»9 William Foirfnx married 
Franoi'K, daujrhter of SirTh-jmae Cbalnner of 
GutsbnmiighinC'h-Tehind,andMt(terrifJain<^ 
and Thomas Chaloner, the r^cidoa ft), v.7 
He was Imightwl hv Cliarle.* I at Whrkhali 
OQ 1 June lt;30 (Catalog w of the JJiiiief, 
X[arqutMf», Ktugkt^, *i-., W T. WrAi.Kij^r], 
l'W4,p.85>. In 1036 hc'eiiccwdod Ui the 
family e«tjties atSti'^ton and Newton Kyme. 
In 16111 he took the side of the pariiamtrnt, 
nnd ■iiu''i>.'<I IIm.' YorkKhiru |iutitlrjn of llf May 
104^, heseeehing the kiuj{ to trunt tojiarlJa- 
mciit and dismiss his guardB {Old rarlii- 
vwHtari/ Ifuitnry, x. r>24'l. Hf wii* givi-n ihy 
command of a re^ment in tbii army of Embx, 
whichwiwslBtinnedon the left win)? at Ed){e- 
hill and run awaj {i6. xi. 476). Fairfax ttica 

1'oioed bis uncle, Ferilinando, lord Fuirfiix 
q. v.),iii Yorkshire, and look part in the cul- 
ture of Le«d«. (:.'» .)uu. U»3) and WukvSelJ 
(21 May 1H4;V|. In a ktt*T to hi* wifo b« 
smyt of liiuiwdf and his cousin: * For ThommV 
part and mini' wn rt-Ht nftlluir night nor day 
nor will willingly till we barn done r>od»f>m(> 
^lod H-rTic« iigaiiiKi ITis and our vntrmivs' 
(M*KKHAK, Jt'J^rt Fmrfaj; p. l-l). In tht? 
viciiirv »t Naniwich \ Jo Jan. ltE-H> 3ir Wil- 
liam FftirtViT commnndet] a wing of th* hor«r, 
and at Mantou Moor hi-nded a brigade of 
foot on the right of iIk- parlinmcntary limr 
( Markham, L'tfr »/ thf Grmt hird Fair/nj\ 
np, l:W, 169; iU-BiiwoKTH,v. :»-.'>. In August 
](>l4h>.' was despuU-hed into I.anriLahirc with 
twothou«and Vorlo^hin; lu^nu?, and louk pari 
in the ifiep^ of Liverpool. In the relief of 
Montgomery Ciistlu on 18 Sept. 1644 be was 
mortally \vounil<'d,nnddii-d thi: following day 
(MARKllAJI,7i'/*f( FwV/nj. p. 23; Piiii.MpB,J 
(VnV il'rt r in Ifrt/'/, ii. L'IH-)I). Vicars, who' 
Eives a detailed account of the d>'Kt]t of Fair- 
fax, states that be had fifteen wound*, and 
adils that hii widow said ' that she grievi^ . 
not that be died in this cau»e, Vtiit ttiul IioJ 
died so soon to do no more for it' (Am-vuM^j 
Bu*k, y. 34). I'arliament voted LfiOO;. fur | 
the widow and children, an<l on 7 ^pt-| 
IfrW the council of state voted thejn :^,O0Of. I 
more ill lit^u of orrenn nf pay duo \o ttieir' 
father (Cat. Stale Pnofn, Uom. IftW, up. 
lf.1,324). 

[Mnrkham'* Lifo of .Admiral Robot ['airCax.! 
IfifUi (contain* fivo Uttsra by Sir William FstrH 
(ts) ; Fairfax OHrreKpondoDOa. od. Johnson ( 1 648)] 
and BdllClSlO).] C. U. F. 

FAIRFAX, Sib WILLUM GEORQ] 

(lySfl-lslS), vicoHkdniiral, of a fiimily aet- 
tlod in Wwrickslurc aioco Uie limo of Ed' 



Fairholt 




I 



WMil III. pOMdbly Ml offshoot n{ lli*i YnHt- 
Kiiir* fiunily of tlu; Mtme DAine, w»* bom on 
fi lluch I'Sn-O, in the neighbourhood of 
IinT)4nn, lii" fatW beLog an offiwr in the 
li..' I ;!-. Ho eniiin-il the navy in 1750, 
ftr rTingmnI^r K«(»p«l iinaArbiitU* 

Bill, wfLi pnmotedtobelicutennnt OD^Uee. 
17'i7. In 1750 he w»i» n lt>riili^iiant of tlie 

Ivi •'■. Odptftin John ElpliinBton [q. v.l 

t!. itiotu ID tbfl St. Liiwrcnco. aoa 

d'liviuO'.-'. .H;tiv«'lj-w/rviiiK lill AugUAt 176U. 
lie hftd no furfiiOT pmploj-roent till Juiie 
irW, wh*n he wm nppointrd to ibf Uny- 
luiiinil, nnil from Jtint- 1769 to September 
17711 iiv vrhM >^n oil httlf-pftj as n li(tut«- 
nant. In May ir7*« he- wa* promotwl to the 
eommuitl of thv Al«n cuit*?r, and in hir, 
whilr dlt^-hi-d to thtf prard fliH-1. initler 
Kt^pol, and in cuinpaiiy wiib the Arc-ihufa, 
eapturw), afW a aharp eogagMD^ni, ihe 
Ff^ni'h l"p:ger Coarovr, at llw *ame lime 
fi . Oiiiwiwii* K-!it>'n off in hprc<^lfr- 

\r ■ with ihe Belle Poulv. A fvw 

iiK'iii!;i lii'.-r the AK-rt v,-ft« herself captiir*d 
hv the Juinin fri^nN* nf 10 guns, and Kair- 
fix wiwdelaint'daprisoner during t ho Kwatar 
part irf tho war. In January 1.83 ha wm 
pmmotcl to pottt muk, and appoinlml to the 
Tartar fritpitf, which lie commandod till the 
watv. In 1703 hu wa.-* appoiiited to tin- 
9h«>?nir4(i, in wlitrh and in tiio Rcpnlsft he 
rwnainBtl till I7i'll, wbi-n lio wa« appointed 
fla|B-«aptatn to Admiral Diincaii, Ine eom- 
mandt<r-in-«hief in iho North Soa [*>*• Drs- 
CA3t, AnAH, LoRuL In the Vf».-r«lil«' with 
Duncan Iw •hiirccl in th'> difTirulii-vs of iIk' 
ntltinr and tin? glorivs of Cani|H;ri1t>wn. bis 
aen-iiv* on which owfwton were rewarded by 
hi« being made a knight banneret ( Vnittd 
It^-i,* Oit^ftf, \-JJaa.li*2^). H.i«.iitinii/^d 
I. i.lofthffV.-nwahlfliU7Jan. 1801. 

%•, - pnNnot«d to flag rank. He had 

nu luriiii r*afvice; wosfwlvivnciedl-olw a vico- 
adniral on 13 iK-e. Ir^W; and died in Rilin- 
|j I- ' TNDv.lfti;!. He was twice inftrriiHl: 
t r.lo I[annali,Jiiui:l!ti-rofll!eU*>x'. 

1;,.,- ,, .,-,tnirtr IInrfitLHlaMil; she di'-d with- 
out i?i*U'* in 1770: Afnudly. lo Maigaret, 
daughl'ir of ^Ir. 8Anii»'l DiarKTii, and cousin 
ef thr> IlnMtan udmiral, Sir Sauiiid Ortig 
[a.T.j ; by her he brtd a "im, Hi^nry, created 
b baronet' In lS3il, and, with olher iasue. n 

IRalfi>'« Na-pul Bu.g, iv. 4M ; Kami Chroni- 
rio (with an •ograveil p(irt.nul),T, 1*5; F.wl^r'a 
BaninMapo ; Oftrial I>ociini«iila id thv Public 
IWiird CitBM; infannKii'in rominnntcatnl \tj 
ftr W. 0. H- T. Jtnm~iv-r..;!f»«, bwl,, in wbc«6 
ioDif til* ; ir Martin 8be«^eo- 

NdfortbDN«'. 1>-1 S.K.L. 



FAIRFIELD, CILUILES (1701 P-, 
18l>4), painter, ev>_*culcd 60tn« original workl ' 
of great uorit, which pwsedaliaasl unnoticed 
owing to hia retired and diffident nature and 
tboMcluaion in which Iw lircd. He to beat 
known aa acopyial.of the worhaof (he Dutch 
and F1erai«h mactera of the wventeentb cen- 
tury, Tlieao were pxlrt-melv wi-ll ()uiie,Bnd 
were eftgnrlr aonght al>«r \y daalers, who 
difipoeed of them OS originals. A copy by him 
of IVnirrn'* '!.« Bonnet RoMgi- ' wa« 'of the 
laafX ntriliing pprfi'<!tinn of hiiiah and totu;, 
capable of deceiving any one could it have 
but ajpj* (nanuMrtpt tiot«t in Akdkbdos, 
(\>tttetatita Sioffrapkiea, print room, Ilntiab 
Museum). He died in Brotnpton in 1M4 
in his furty-llftb yvar. H« etch^da few plates, 
including oui- of a * Cavalier at the Door of 
an Ion,* alter Hetsu. 

(Bcdgmsa* l>ict. nf ArlJuU; fl»nt, Mag.(l805), i 
luv. 880 : Niighir'* K«n«tli>r-L«xtkon ; Bryanli 
Dirt of i'aintera flnd Kngrarnr*, ni. Om*aa.1 

L.C. 

FAIRH0LM.CIIAR1.es. [SeeFEBJiB, 

ClI.VIlLEfi.J 

FAfRHOLT. FKEDKRICK UlL- 
LI.VM (lal4-IS<Wl>. enirnTBr and antiqua- 
rian writer, Imm in Ltmuon in IMN, waa iha 
son of a Oieman named Fabrholz. who L-atne 
to England and worked in a augar, and then 
in a rohacco niAniibrtory, anrliciaing hift 
name to Fairholt. FredericI; William wu» 
bis aixte«-iilh child hv hi* wif.', llw* daughter 
of a Hniialtii^ldti Ailk* weaver named Diigwe 
A( schiHil Fuirlioti used to fill up ttun Urg> 
capitals in liia coi^book wilh [riciurea, and 
tut rwp>iv«d refpiLhr drawing leaaona when he 
was twelve, nlien a boy hi- wun awanJed 
the ftiWiT ' Wa' medal of thy Socii;iy of Ana 
for n drawing; and before he was iwoniy- 
oDe be worked at print colouring, and nU 
for some timi' Ui" ajuu.ftnntof a Kem— painter. 
For fourtis^u yejin. apparently in the early 
part of Ilia life, he had employment ui 
tobacco faclflrr. When twenty-ona be " 
came an nMistant to S. Sly, the wood 
grarer, and from this time worked sieadilr, 
at engraving. lie made many hnndreiu 
of drawings on wood to illu<irntc Cliarlca 
Knight's ptiblicaliooH, the 'IVnny Magazine,' 
'Lnndon, ' IllimlratndShakisp'-rare.'.Vc. TliB 
fimi important work entirely illtiMrated by 
him waa Jackson and Chattu'a ' Treatiae 
Wood Rngraving,' 1^30. Among the other 
works illtutrati'd bv him ar»>: llnlliwcH'c 
'Sir John Maundeville,' 18.%; iUwkin«'« 
'Silv.rt Coinage of Ennland." IWl ; S. C. 
Hall'x ■ Mani-Ions of England/ lA4d &: Hal- 
liwell'a ' Life of Shakupeore,' IB41< ; Chatio^ 
' Facta and dpeculationa on Playiug Card%! 



■^-""- 



.^S: 



Fairholt 

184ft; O.B. Stnith'a * .VntiqnhiMi of lUeh- 
bofoush,' 18JJ0; Kwis's 'Ancient Rrtti»h 
jOiitm, 1*^4: Madmen's 'Jewish Coitun/ 
|lH(l4. Ue also UluEtratwl L/ird Loadesbo- 
Tougli's ' >nwollaniMi Orkphicn.' U. raunsvU s 
' Inveiuortuiu ii«>p iilchrale,' aod ninny of the 
works ofTliomiu Wright, the antiqtmrr, in- 
chidinz hi» ' Arctucoui^cal Album,' 184fi. 
Kairltoll's ant iqiiariaa IoiowIwIkv! and (idf lity 
aa a dmi^'lit-^niati wena tnuth iq demand for 
thv Uluittnition <jf k-uiicd uul>lic«tioiu, and 
he i*g;iilarly drew for the Society of Aiili- 
qiurip^, for tlw Brilifih Arclueolo^cical Aseo- 
rJntiiiii (fniRi 1843 to 18.>2), and for lh<* 
Numii>iiiiitic Hociety (if London (Ironi 1H.V1). 
/!« WM a1«G wmplored ■» artist and irriter 
for tin" ' Art Journal.* 

Fairholt was the aiilhor of the following 
workm, ttia<t of tb^^m containing ill iiHtrat ions 
hv hiiu»Hlf: 1. *Lord Mayors' I'agonnM' 
( Wrcv Sociptv (, l«4a, &c.. 2. ' Co«tume in 
ICn^laud; 1846 ; 2ud vd. 1800 (ltisb««t kuown 
work), a ' The llomeof 8hnlceiipetu«,'IB47. 
4. 'Tobacco: its Uuioryand Aafiociationa,' 
IBM*. 6. 'Gojrjind MnKug,'1800. 0. ' I'p 
the Nile," I8«2. lie edited iwvoral worts for 
ihtf Percy Society, includJuR ' Satirical Soapi 
and rot-ms on LVi<iTum^,' 1849, and was wiitor 
of 'A Uietioiiary of Tonns in Art' (I^ndon, 
ll^&4),Svo. andof Lvlv's ' ]>niinatic WorW," 
IWSfl, &<:. Hf was ili'rctvd O-Uow of ibu So- 
ciety of Antiiiuaries iii !B44, and coutributi'd 
to its procviL>diag>i during «Lxlpi>n years. Hi> 
waa aliu) » iiii«utlwr of the Britiiih Archa-o 
lojfical Assoi'ial ioii, and contributed 1o it« 
'Journal' (viil*. i. Ji. v.; (iiw Jourtt. Uril. 
Arch. Amoc., (Ji-nflral Indpx, vols, i-xxs,), 
und wa«B tnemliCT (i-k>ctud ItUri) oflliP Nu- 
mii>niiiiir Society of London. lie wrotfi four 



Fairland 

fcrd-on-Aron. His jwneral library he 
to be sold for the benetit of the Liu- 
Fund. 

[C. R. Smtth'a CollMtaotn Atttiqua, ti. MA- 
311 : C. R. SiakVfl RotronpcctJoni, i. 218-26: 
Gent. Hag. 1868. 4th a«r.i. 764.913: Ittil. Mna. 
C«t ; Etirydoti. llriUnn. 9th »]. art. ' Fnirbolt 
Numismuttc Chrou. new sor. ti. 16. 16 : Prv««i. 
iaea, Soe.AntiqDariuA. 3o<t Mr. iii. (1846). 'i87-S. 

w.w. 



rni^H 



ID*. 



[wiwre in ih« * ^Miinienutic Chronicle.' 

Vairholt'e biiify life vra» cliit-By upent m 
London, and hi' iisimI t.o n&y, 'T hnt^ tho 



OOuntr}'.' In ISStJ, howevf-r, he went with 
Lord Londoeborouifh to ihc (>otit]i of Frnnpc 
and to Hoinp (his jounicy dencribed in C It. 
Smilh'A VoUtfitatiea Aut. vol. v.), and after- 
wanlfl ou two uc^Wtiioiut t o H|;ypl . Siji VL-ars 
beforp hi* di*(h he wai found lo be miflSirinft 
from TiitwrcularooiiHuniplioa. hilt ho worked 
on as usual. Hi> diivl cm 3 April I8t1l), u.t 
as MonTpidiftr Squnre, llrotnpton, and wa."* 
buiitKi ill th*" Brompton cemetorr. Fairholt 
iraa a compnnioimblt^ man, ntid anion^ hii< 
friendfi wi-r.' H, C. Hall, llalliwell, J. D. Kim- 
bault, 'niiimas NVriffht, nod C Iloiu-h Sinitli, 
biii esecutor. Ha boquMttbtid acoUection of 
betw-ivn two and thre« hundred volumaa on 
eivir ptt^antrr lo thp Society of ^Viiliqun- 
ri#9. I]ii<^ priiilK and wcirkii on conl.iiihi- Im 
l«ft to the British Museum, and his Shake- 
CpMiMU colli'cliuus to Ihv town of Sirat* 



FAIRLAND, THOMAS (180HHS2), 
litho^tapbuT and {H)rtrsil-{isinter,sbowvd i 
Ourly tadic for drawiof;, ainl pmctiwl fro 
naiuiv in Kensington (larclena. Hk Riib- 
queutly hfcutnf a ntudent of the Ho_. 
Acad(?my under Fus<>li, and gained a silVi 
medjil fyrn drawii]^ from tht> cast «( Hor- 
culea which «tood in lh« cntranec^hall of 
that inatitution. Turning hi* allt-uliou (o 
Une-en^nTing h« bocaine a papil of Obarlt-it 
Warren [q. vj, but waa more attracti-vl by 
tbp new art of Utht^raphy, in which be pro- 
duced toiav v«rv good works. ^VrntTng tneiw 
may be noted ''rhe tlwyoit.; or Who'fl sane 
till) Kinp?' 'The VilUge Champion,' and 
'I^ft Ia^ Kon'nnn.i,'rrompic1urvaoy K, Far- 
rier, 'Tho Poor her"sOoiif<xbTftlc. 'after I "harlea 
Hancock , ' The Ita t-L'at cher.' aft.>r \ . Cooper, 
and othi^rs of a ifimiLar naturo, including a 
fi pnlilled 'The Sporuutan's Kxhlbiti'n: 
A SoriM of Heads of the princiiwl HritiW 
Sporting UogB,' from piclurva by Sir E. Lan" 
8ci'r, A. Cooji^r, and C. I i«m-ock. .\ vnlnmo 
of'('omtcSkcitlics,'afti-rW.H«m.puhl!fthpd 
in 1^44, ut(uin>'d ifnral. |>i>piiliiritv. His must 
important work, and one of the bfflt cv 
executed in litboumphrt was the cartoon 
thu Virgin and Child ( uiion~n as tbn R 
Maduuna] by Kapbael ; this vim don« w' 
Iho cartoon wn» in i\\if ]Kiw«esion of Me^ 
Coloaglii. OtUfrsuhitwis lithognp'hL'dby 
wi-n- 'Tilt" MiwiT,' afi:«rQ. Matsrs.'N'niiQ 
crotwinc tbi^ Alps,' after PaviS, ' I 
after Westull, und some portraiis. 
lb« [iccline of lilhopraphy, due lo 
competition and th" vimuri<.^s uf fiifihion, 
land devoted liini*t>If to portrait -[mini ing, and 
cujoyod tbo yolronayf of many emiut-nt an 
illustriouapemonagi-i, iiicliidingrnyaltv. H 
waa.bowowr,iu>Tcrahle to ptao<> himiBK-Ifa 
bis family above Ihp preMiire nf pe-cntiiar' 
diHicuUics, and afttTanrnlntu^ntriitrgltf 
tw'-'vn industry and ill-tiealtli be dit\l of roi 
Miniption in liclolx-r 1K5:J, in bis forty-tiinl 
year. William Fairland, p>:Hia|iii Iuh brotbi 
alsopmctiaod ni a lithognpher, and exiKrnt 
'TheCuIprii I)i;tcetwl,'nft.TR. Farrier Miul; 
ll»bedlM.^l)/Tli^ Lovers' Vigi!,'.ifl<TSnilrki 
and otIiL'Df. Ut! also uxecuinl anatoi 
vubjecta. 



no^l 
»,1 I 






Fairlcss 



[RoA^tv'* Diet, of Artista : Hrran'a I>i«c 
«f Painlen and EBgnrvra - Oltlaj>a Diet, of 
K«pnii »itd LiTiouFaulUn; Ntt^er'H Kitunlep- 
Lnikaa.] L. C. 

PAIRLESS, THOMAS KERR (IS2.V 

IHM), Un(!i'c«in-t'«iiiti.T, born in lyift ut 

Htxhiun, Xonuiimlxrhnd, wsa nn4> of the 

■om of Ja»«yli t'airless of Ilexhuin, a well- 

BuMrn au'l |K>piiUr tmiiqiiikrr, wtiose D»in« 

lie iiueimblr loiinttci-d villi tlio history of 

iKiinliiiinbnai) antKiuiliFs. Youiiff FairliMB 

' }».*.! an r-arlv prwlilcftioo for lirr, wbidi 

[iTicoiini^eii by Ii!a piirenlf. llv wu-t a 

IsludpntofJicivick'f ^-ifiTiettecngMTinpe, 

I fur Mtiuc titou wmkvd vaiivt IJcwick't 

pupil, Nicboiwtii. a wc">d-#njiTaver, at New- 

9lW. ik-in^' tltHulifilii^d with hi« pro^rnvs 

Dv (ram* til I^itiildTi, willi tlm iiitt-iitKni el' 

a^ trt Km profnftsion, and devoted bim- 

II landwnpt-iHiintinR. His worlti wew 

■1m1 in a bmail and Ti^roiin manner, 

itli m fin<< idvs of colour ana pxquiaite feel- 

ft>r ibn beaulU>« of 601111117 «"itTT, 

atkervd during- tbe cammer dayn msottf; 

and paatum of England. From 

ilMl 111; wasaiiDxbibitural ibpHoyal 

my, Ibtr Ifntisib Iiiilitution, and tbtt 

'; Sirwt (inllcry. II*" luid ponsidurablp 

laaa Ii-arJiiT<>fdmwint;nnil |iainl.in(^, 

itMl iea-viewfl and phippinp, and 

tinuBbia an in ^cotlond und on 

fmn1tni>nt. Tli^ (v>natitiilinn wns iint. 

tWLTi^r, ticM 10 bear tbe etniu of bard 

and ill A'ljnwt I80I be n-liinu-d willi 

Brfd bt-ulib to H*-xbaai, wfafw he di"<I 

l4 Jnty l6o>1, in bia twenty-eiffhtli rear. | 

(At* ^'wmil. IbSii Rodgraro's Di<4. nf 
- Ilict, or Artirt*, 176U-1880; 
tiKirtiAl, Apnt 1873: iofomw- 
ii>>;) n'i ■■! .LtDML. I'airlrM.) L. C. 

PAIRLIE, IIOBKRT FHA NCIS (1 f»I - 
,St*i>, civil ©nuinwr, bom in Soollaml in 
h l".')!, ^^^».* the son of an onffinetT of 
llin (Tactioal mining in 
;. WM re<vjvi>>l al L'rewe and 
miiuu. i'urinff a stiikc in 1851 he 
il hia akin br artini; aft tmgiuii-drivrr 

^ , Willi t<on{RitbenGrosrcnor 

iTi t- .1 I ,,irij-' wa-t appiiinled suwrinlcn- 

dtiiii mid fffiuTnl iiiiiriuurr of t!i" London- 

-r.inr milwftv, a j»>»i whicb bo 

■ r n ui'iru lucrntivt- iMwition 

■ I It .■ -)., nilwoy. Having 

•iX|Wieaea KBirlii) 

(i iiiiraainGracwcburdi 

1.<Mi N, afl a «>4Dai)liliig KBgineCT. 

'. ;>i imi FniriU pBtMttexl 

ipnp,' intondetl to mnot ] 

■I bad prcveuUNl tbv ex- i 





^^^^ 




t«nHioii of nulwii^-K in biUyand Ibinlv i>o|k1* 
biled coiintriea. Fairlifl's princinle was In 
iiMi a narrow •f;aii|{c liaij^^froin 1 ft. 10>n. 
to :) ft. 4 in. — and tonniploytliAwholAWe-i^bt 
nf;\K fuel andwater,aawellaaoftb«cn)i;iDC 
itsi'If, to incnHUo lh« ndhcaion to tb« rails. 
The en^ne mm provided with a very long 
boiler plafMid on two swivelling trucka or 
' bogioH,' wbicli carriml also the Bl«am cylin- 
ders. 

Tlie first dotiblfshogie on^n» wa« built by 
Jiiuvs Cmsi & Co. of St. Utfluoi!, for tbo 
Neath and Urec«>n railway, in lt«B, and ila 
woi)ilil woa fortv-aix looB. About thte limv 
Fairiii! wan rr>(|ui.*»t<Hl lo dnnblM tb<> ' toy 
railway '(th<>ifau^ is only 1 tt. 11} in.) from 
lh« n<iUli #lii(p port of Portmadoc in ihi" 
<|uarrK>a at Tan-y-bwicb and Foatining— 
a di«laocpof fourte(>n milea — which for aom« 
y«r« had b^n vorkod bv tnalo-powvr. In- 
Btoud of doubliiifi tb« Iiiw Fatrlio adapted 
hilt n«w i>ngin« to it vttb complete micevea, 
lilt itm •■Dsiuv, tbt> ' Little Wundvr,' ptilk-d 
a train of afnie (ru<-J{» a tjuarlcr of a mili> in 
btngtb and wfiRhinK' iK-arly thrt-e bundr<-'d 
Inn*, and tbta over a T'lrtuoualinx \ri(li i>lv<5p 

f:nkdicnta. Thefani.>of Fiiir!it''snarrow-(rnug8 
inv« and duiibli<'br^e cn(;ini.« iioon Ivl to 
thoir inlri^diiolion into ItiLisin, Xew Znilatid, 
Sweden, Auatnitia, Cape of Good Hojv, 
Mi>xt<-o. Draiil, &c., and tlie inrcmtor bfr;(nn 
to n-np n rich ri'ward. On Ibt^ lijutqut.- mil- 
way in i'eru Fairti« en^iiiea weighing ei^hty- 
fivv Tons witn? iiaed with compU'lu tueci^ff. 
Fairlid pronnaMl fiirtbiTiiu^t-ldprnwnts of Ilia 
eyaten. \«it<'d intercptii wen?, however. too 
BtroRfTtOKilniit ofbin melbo<Ubi'itt);pmrtiM'd 
on n larai' Acalf in KiifClund, nnd tbr> f'arly 
death of^tlie inventor ]>revenled biro from 
rompl<4tU|iand pushing his plauti. On tlio 
M08COW mid Si. IVtfTsbm^ line ' Fairlie'a 
railway ' woa 90 eomnletn a siiccesa that the 
rzarbiid n spr^dal golu medal fltrufik in honour 
of the invi'ni'>r. 

In 187^ Fairlie wan requested to deairn 
and mnstnict ■ system of railwuyi^ (or tUf; 
n-piii>licof ^"t'lii-mela. llfuiU-din l)«>mb»^r 
and bad a xuustroke H>on aflt-T lauding al 
Trinidad. Tlii» wiw frtllowini bv jiin^li- fc* ur, 
caught while surveyiiifr the marsln.* noar 
Puerto C'altello, and it wa« with grent diffi- 
rultr br was conrcvMl to Tolon nnd ihi-nor 
toliUglnnd. From ibisilliieas be npvcr fully 
recnrerihil, iboiigb he had prt'vionnly beun 
a man of rouiarkable Mronjfih. Ilu did Kt 
biabnuM, the\VoodlHnd!i,L'la|thamUomni(Mi, 
on 31 July It^'i. Fairli(> wo.'* twice m4rr!i>d, 
and l«fl a wif<- Bii'l five t^bildn-n. 

(Tim«^ l8F6l*.aiHll Mari-h IH70.and 3 Aug. 
lHNa;Kngino«r,7An4[. Iftfl&iKoginmriiip, 7Aug, 
18S6.1 W. J. H. 



I 



Faithorne 



t54 



Faithorne 



FAITHORNE, WILLIAM, Hit. el.l^r 
(IttU^ltJiil ), ongmvor and pottrait-pftintor, 
waa bom In I^iniToti id 1010, aai »tu(li<-<l ftnt 
under Willinm Pcflke, pmint^r T^ ObarlAA I. 
After working with him for three ye*n bebt^- 
camcii[inpil>'ir.loIm l*aTno,nndaiib««quontIy 
of Sir Kot>t-n Pt'ttke. 4)d ihe wtbrefibof tlie 
civil Mur Faithtime took up amu In ilcfmcLi 
of hie (iriucc, jotiicd tbo ruy«t armv, and was 
tog-^tli^r witli Ilia iiia«tcr ond WeuceBlaiu 
Hollar in purrison nt Uaaing House, the resi- 
(lenco of lac Mftrquls o( WiocticcMr. Al its 
Kurreadt^r hn wa* rando prisonw of war and 
confined in Aldcr^mtlt'. On hiii ruU-asv ho 
fVCW liunii'tii-d for nitwinji to tnke the nalh to 

"iver f^omwpll. While in prison 1ib un- 
ftTHvwl iWTijrsI hpdda of nobVmpn, nmong 
them the nire portr«il of the !>nke of Bnck- 
in([bani, engraved in the muniier of Clniide 
Afcllnn, HaviniT been transporli-d to Fmncc, 
vv bill' n^sidin^' in I'll ri<<h«bo<!iuiii'tb(!<:-stc«ined 
friwid of tbi> cclflbmted eolieeior, Michel do 
Murolk-*, al>b6 du Villuloin. wbo^u mugnifi- 
ci"nt collection of i:*.'J,400]iririi*iwaji«cq«ir»'<! 
bv C'oIbt>rl for Uuia XIV in 1667 for 80,-100 
liTTeif. Till* nbbC' ivndily ossift^-d Foilliorno 
with the nsn of any print h<^d«iin-yJ to copy, 
nnd after spendiu}; wjveral montlw in tfint 
rapltftl irorKinf under ItobiTt. Niint«niil hfl 
obtftined, in IwSO. j)«nni»9iioti to return To 
Encland, marrit^d a 9i§ter of Captniii tinind, 
anil settled in a houite wilbout Tc-mplc Itur 
«t the mpn of the Umki', agitin«l Hie I'aU- 
gravo's Hivid Tavern. Hero Faitbomu iv- 
liided for several ypant, m-Uing priittit execult-d 
by him and othur miutcr^ About 1680 be 
quitti-d tbr Hhiip nnd took n hoiiae iti Print- 
ing House Yard, Ttlnckfriarii. where he drew 
many port rails in cr&yonx, innliidin^ tb'i>«<if 
Krani'M V l*i[icr, Colwn^ljtilui Aj-i>'«,.li«"«pli 
AUeine, Jolin Smitb, John Sttirt, and Joim 
OliviT, purvpyor of the worts at Si. Panl's. 
H(> ditil in May IfiPl, and was buried on lh<> 
ISthof tlial month in Si. Anrii,*'a,IJli»ckfriftrB. 
Thomas Flatrnnn, in a poem in memory of 
hia friend, uy»: — 

A Faiihorae SciUpaii is a charm can ure 
From dull olilivivu, and a f^iiping grave. 

Faithorne angrared numerous portnllf ,book- 

tilat)^, mapR. title-pa;:^*. &e. Among tho 
ijrmi-r !<hould \v iip'.'eially u>i'n1 ion-jd ibocMi 
of Elirab(.'lh Hitting betwtN>n Ijord Uurgliley 
and 8ir F. AVabiini^bam. Thia ^roap in pre- 
fixikil to 'Th" (Vimpliiit Ambwuiiaor. . . . 
Fav'hfHllvpollecte<lhvtlieinilTnonoii™ble 
Sir iliidley DigRB, knt.,' London, 10.VJ, fol. ; 
Oharle? 1, nearly to the waiM, in oral, in*i> 
mour ( froiitispieice to * A CcMnpleal Uutor>' 
of tht> I jfir and lUigne i<f King ObariM tmia 
Ikia Cradla to bt« Grave,' by '\\^UiiuD Sudm^ 



con, Iiondon, HJo8, fob); Henrietta Maria, I 
the waiMI, to tin; b^ft, with pirarlit and Jewels^ 
on herbreant ; tbe&nt )ilat«,bfXor«tb«dr«u 
yrne re-oogravcd, realised at ibe Syhea'a nale 
in 1821 71. l'2s. Gd. Ch»rUf* IT, nmrly to tbu 
waifil, to the ri^bt, in armmir, with th>> fol- 
lowing inscription b<;low : < Tbe Second 
Oharle*. Fliir* of y* lUivtM Martyr . . . ; ' the 
£rsi Elate reali&cd at tbe EJvkos'a sale 31/. lOs.. 
and at the Marsball's sale' in 1861 iHi. Ca- 
iherinc- of Bragnnta, in the dress in which 
sLeamved, SyW'saale, 14/. '2*. Faithorm-'a 
drawing in Indian ink sold at thti llindley 
sule inlc^lMforlO/.(H/. Pruieu Rupert, after 
^^'^liliU) Uobson. in oval, almost full faco, 
fin^i state. Sykes's sale, OV. lO*. 04. Another 
portrait of l*riiiw Rupert, after Vaiidyck, 
nialis^d at tbe Sykes'a bale 14/. VU. Of liiia 
[loTtmit there exist« a copy, which may be 
oa^ilv dLitini^iiidied by the abuncc of somt 
small dots, towards both ends of tbe tluidow 
of the inner part of tbo oral, towards the 
right. Cbriititia,t{ueeD of 8w>.>dvn, in inal, 
to tbe left : this is a reverseil copy of Koliert. 
Nantuiiirs print. Robert Bruce, Karl of 
.\yl™bury, in uvul, to th« right. Mary Al- 
ston, Sy lees's sale lo/, ■(#. 6</.,pn?fisedto'Tb* 
Wuircln'* Triumph over Death,' by Edward 
Iteynolds, D.D., Ijondon, It)fi2, t»To. \HiAa 
Aeumole, prvhxed to 'Thcatrum Chomicuiu 
Uritanniouin . . .' by E, A., London, lijoif, 
■Ito. Frances Hridge«, d.iiigbtvr uf Willium, 
fourth lord Chaudus, aft-^r Vnndyt-k, Uiiid- 
ley'* sale, 13/. 10*. UntlMia Villifr*. Coun- 
ties CosUemain, Uudieaa of ("Icvi-limd, to 
the waii>l, almost full face, re.^ing her head 
on her left, arm, t'<.rriA «ili-, Wi^. ;W. A 
magnificent proof of this print, traditionally 
said to bflvebevn pn>seuU<d by Faithonie to 
Marit^ti', wlw)i>t'Hljfi)Rtiir>inppi4r»on the beck 
oftbf! impression, dated ItKK.woaanld in 1 J«*7 
at the Roiipt'll s.ile, and ii; now in the colleo 
tioti of Mr. All'rrtl M'lrrimn. Pepys. in his 
' Memoirs,' menr ions having seen tlw,' drawing 
at Faithom*-'« hoiiAc, and spealcs of it as tbe 
tjtii'st thing be bad vver wvn, adding that litf 
offered to buy it, and that tbe artidt jimmui^l 
TumU it to him wLi-n be bad fiiuebed bis 
plate from it, on which wrirk be wtut ih-n ■ 
^aged. OliverCromwell. between the pillar 
in armour, with awrml in right bsml, an o| 
bonk in the olbftr; the fir»t »itale, before 
cross-hatching nn the book; it sold 
Old'9 sale in if'-J7 for 4-Jl. ; in lalor im|i 
the head of William III bat W^ii siibat 
for that of Cromwi'll-, an impression in 
>Iat4> L>) in tho i'epysian ci^Ucction at Mi 
dolene College, Cambridott. Thonuu*, Ic 
Fairfax, after Roburt Wdker, nearly tn ■ 
waist, in armour; iIim lintt slate,!"-' 
aiidpubtiahot'saddrBsa,reaUsedai 



Faitliorne 



«55 



Faith orne 




i»Ie ]*!. 10*. i ibtw «K! Uirm; coim« of tUm 
nir..r -1 - ftrait. Sir Itevil Or«nviIlf. to 

It' : niii'iir, pr-.-fixod to ' V«r«ut by 

thi 1 ..L. .!■. uf Dxforxloiilhp I)^lln.f tbe 
matl. *Nobte and Kigli Valiant Sir Revill 
CJfcmiU . . .* Oxfoni, iaS4, Hvo- TIkwiiw 
RilUgrew, after William Sht>phnrii, AentM 
at a t:tl>!>-, n-itli h iIo^; by bis aide ; firet stnto. 
iPfl' ' :rraiitVMK 18.'*, 14/., t3Mttxt«i 

to' ' iiudTragtHlii-.iwrilU'n bvT.K.,' 

li-'>\-i .'>'4, fol. ; IIm* ori^nal peiiitin^ i« 

in ih- 1- -ion of Sir J. Bullpr-Eftrt. Sir 

Willuim IVton, Marfllmil'i wle, 3«/. I0». ; 

Lady Pu«nn, StflrRlmll's salt>,34/. ; Mnrcuvt 

iif Tliotnaa Cnry, Diid wifi> of 

I rbcrt, aftt-r ^'alnl_vck, 8yk«"8 

vai*', MH i Jr, Faillioroi? tiiipravwl Iwu |Q^^^H 

' aUlM, ric. 'An exact 1 VUiwuI i<iti of t li>r nitii-.i 

\ ft l^ndoii and WewiniinaitTand tin.' Subiirlis 

[ thcr>«jf, lo^thrr wit li ve Itnrrinij'li nf fv'iiJli- 

■-vratk and all Tf> tliimni^ifan^, tiit:hwair'.'>, 

Minvhn', lan««. and cnmmon al]i(^^Titll in ye 

aun^ .^'vmTlo■^.'■d by a Sonlo nnd iclinogni- 

Dbii il«.'d by Uifbard Newcourl of 

. 6(ini> icCIoiintieofStimerstitt.f^rntle- 

TbU' exi>^^e<lin(;ly raiv inup, uf wluch 

If il]a])rM^i<iJi kiinwu i« jjri'turviHl iti itie 

ltorpTiriIj^,Hibliiilli<»iaeN'atiotiHlL', 

__ ' eom|i<>Acd itf twt.lvc ailirflo, wllK'tl, 

placed lo^^tJior, mr'afurc 7i iiu^lip's by 
31inch>^ In May MS" Mp*»rB, Evans j'tib- 

Lli*Ii. " " .;i^nfit, Tn 1>C[^ Mr. filanfftnl 

l«>f' -is pabIi»!iwlaDotlit'rfar»iinille, 

iTHi tA lii'or^i'.Iiirnian. ThvotK»r mu{i 

■tof Vuyiniaaiid Maryland, fi>iir3lievlK; 

Mior mi'ttiiiirt's !IB incliM by 31 

vntfv.abitrr.ari-lhrmyalannit 

i: i<jxvanbith«ni;lil, below, Ian 

Icigtal of Aii)cu>^in^ Hermann, 

< ' 'I by tbu llutoli iu ICSO 

latii). Tlii« map, liftid U> 

. . , ,\'-h1 ill the Orenvillu Li- 

iliJih MuM'iim. Anidtiii' tbc known 

nnvinjTHrviid [uintiiiiTiiby I'aiihnmo 

I |iurtniilof ItaHiiirii Villit'r*, full lonplh, 

■Sir Pfl*-r l.elr,tlit>proi»-rlT (1fllH■I>llk•^ 

u-cU iicli ; exfiibitwl ai the lioyal Aca- 

iBl-Tfl. I'oriraitof SirMartinnow.-a. 

mnnilior'nt K-nefact'^-r of tlw Uotdxtuil b»' 

'•imininy « Faitbomo ira» a member of this 

■ •prviid tlip otllw of ward'.-n. on 

aiaa lie prticiited Ihfi pnrtrail of 

vsr. 4>* iiichi'Hby 118 iturhc«, ttx- 

rS<ml)i Kt*tLi>iii)!lvri Miim-um in 

Trait ot Sir Orlando llrid^man 

nliiiM' tHTtmii Fnithym') pnpravi>d) Ui iht- 

SluMiim r- "'-.'r of tW nnint bim- 

bi'Pfll -.Alfred Morrison; 

of Fmi.i — II when an oM man, 

ct-iwor's rv'(.tin, Jt'ival CVHi-L-f of I'by- 

loftj jurlruit of Sir Kdmtuid I 



JL 




Kint^, M.D.,inwaterK?Dlour,]tritia])MuAeuiii; 
porlniitof John .Mil tun, buat, wilb lon^ flow- 
ing iiuir. white collar, and dark dri'jti ; ranva9, 
23 icurhiTA liy |8 incliee, exhibited nt tbo South 
Kenfiinjrtnn Mnwitmin 1880, the [nviix^rtv of 
Mr. KdniLindF. Moore. .\uotlu.-r uortraitof 
thfipofr, in crayons, lh« property of Mr, Wil- 
liam Baker of itnyfordbury Park, Dertfurd; 
iiortrait of Jobn Itay, naturalist, in cniyuns^ 
tritish^IujMim. FnllhomeV portrait, pnintctl 
b^v Itobfri Walki.-r. hiilf-k-n;^)). boldin^ in bi« 
riiflit hand on impreaaion of the portrait of 
'birTboiuot FairiiLt,' nutv in tliti National 
Portrait (iallfry. lTii> foJliiwiiij^ purtmiu 
dusiguud by Faitliorne have been miffraved : 
])r. CbarhM I'tifth, engrnvw] br J. Sarac«; 
JolinSeddon.by JoiinSturt; an<i John Smithy 
by \'andt>rbanc. Faithome published ' Tho 
Art of Graving and Etching. n-herein is ox- 
prpHt tbe tnn* way of graveing in C0]rwr. 
All*o thi- mnnnrr and m«rthod of . , . Callot 
and .Mr. Hus.i* iu llivirsi-vi .nili wnvf^ of etch- 
ing,' lU pUlea, London, ItHl'J, 8vo, dudicatad 
to hia maater, Sir Robert Peake. 

[A DeacHmiro CntalogiU) of tha Rdgrarad 
Worki of Williaai I'aitUornD by Louis i-'agan. 
Tendon, IR88. 8ro ; Walpok'x AneolotCR, iii. 
9U9 ; B-iRfool Pap»nj. Harl. MS. 8910, i». 157, 
Sricisli Miuwum.] L. F. 

PAITHOBNK, WILLIAM, llifi y.>ungi;r 
(■1(^56-1701 ?), mettntmt engraver, bom in 
London in llVitl, \vkj> lhii <.>ld(.'«l son o I Wil- 
liam Faithome tho elder [fj. t.] Acoordinjjp 
to Walpolf he was negli^cent, and fell into 
•di-ilrifiiif* which atnicti^d his father, and 
oljliu'ed bim i'> work for booJu^iUcn* ; ' but 
Chaluiier Smith remarks that ihtH asaerliou 
cannot be tnic, for his lather died in lOUl,. 
and a« tb« yoimKf r man'« print » rruoh far intc^ 
Que«n Anne's Ti'i|^t thpy could not poa»ibly 
h«v« Ih'v» e.vocuu-d bi-fon.- his fatbLT's dvath j 
moreover liii earlier piece* bto inwriln^d 'W. 
Fnithorne, junior,' and it is ptpsumnblo that 
when the n-inuiiid^r 'were pMbtlshiHl h'' waa 
'junior' no longer. The e\act ypur of bU 
iWtli in unknown ; bn n-iw, it ia said, buri«d 
in St, MartinV Churchvnnl, from tho house 
of Mr. Will. Copper in Half Moon Street, 
Covcnt Ganlen.' rorty-thrw plates are known 
to luiv« be«n engmi>>d by bin). Among theM 
are: Anne of ]>6nmark, whenjoruioeM; Anne, 
whi^nquevnofEn^lnnd^aflerDtlil; CliailesI; 
l^inrb-M II, after I'Huwnalrahl ; John Dry- 
de.n, after Cldst^irTniin ; IVince Eiifjenc, after 
Pfi-iU-r ; l-ndv (iracc (.ii-thin, afinr I>ick»onj 
Kir Richard fladdock, af^t^rf*ln«ierman ; the 
Impcflcb>>d Lords, four ovak, on one sheet, 
willi titli-* itndi-r each: William, carl of 
Pi-'rilniid: IMnard, enrl of Orfonli John, lord 
Sumefs; L'bark-fl, lord llaiifax; Julm Mtura, 



ahet Kneller; Msry^ princess orOrmngv, «fter 
1 lanntniftn ; Frvderick 1 of Prtifmia ; Fredw- 



his dt-nUDAtion in thfl followinff Fchruarr^ 
On (he ^Blb of that mdntli hv took iiiiit-l j»i- 



Tick,aiikeofScliombCTK.aft«''l>a'J;Thomii«' »«M6ion of a spot sitiiMfl on riMng- gronnd. 



Sliadwell. nfttT Kenteboom ; thrM nortniilA 
of Williiuu III, unfrKuwUer: James rhrnira, 
and Sujiliia Uorolbea of Z«Ui?, afttT Kerw- 
boom. 

^J. Chaloner Smith's Untiih Mextolinljd Poi^ 
tmiM.pl.ii.p. 461 : Walfok'sAnocdotDkaf Pitinl- 
ing ia EiiKlnfid. iii. 917 ; and manuscript nolen 
)D the Itritinh Miu«ani.] L. 1*. 

FALCOJJBERO. 1>obj). [See NmiLi, 
StK Wii.i.iA«, d. 14(W,] 

FALCONBBRO m FAUX)NBIUDGE 
the BiSTiHU. fSee llREAtrrli, 1-'a].ceii de, 
d. 1330.] 

FALCONBEROorFALCONERIDGE, 

B&«TABD OF (ti. 1471). [HVQ t'ADCOSllliKU, 

Thomas.] 

FALCONBRlDOa ALKXANDJiR id. 

I7!I'J). eiiiveoii, wan forrt-d by (iav>-rlT to 

fmL-lifiu hi« pnifBafliun od board slave Rlii|«, 
h> m>»ci""M'Ttinil vova^nw to Bonny, OM and 
TCew CBlnhnr, and Ani;ok, on the coaAt of 
Africn, and thence witb the slave car^^oea to 
the Wati Indii-ji, Hn foroiblv dcpiclrd tho 
liorrors iliui h« Vfaa cQm]jeIU>J U) wilneoA in 
lu» ' .'Vccounl of ttiv Slavu Trade on tlia Coart 
«f Africa,' ^vo, Londou, 1788. Bytliut limu 
be bfld a comfortable nituatiou at homei, and 
twoyi-ftnitii[i'rhuiniirri<.i^la BriHlolbulf. At 
Iho iiiattmin! i>f Thoiiiiui (?liirlt«>n [u. v.] iiA 
Acmiplud «>mmissian from the St. uporge's 
Biiy(aflerwanlntbtSi">rr« JjooiMilGompanyto 
cafry relief to a numht-r of iinfortiinate people, 
bothn'liiivsandblacka.'n-hi.imlbegovt'rnment 
1 aoiit to the riv.-r SiHrm I>-oni' wnie _v««r« 
fore, and who, in con6e<int'nM< of bavintf hid 
MniM diiipiilo witb tlu> [intivM.wer^scittl^red 
througli t lu> CDiiiil ry in n dcplnrnWc condit ion. 
newtkSBboloformasL'ltlviiK-uirurlitiTin. Ac- 
ooiupimicd by bis wife and brother WiUiam, 
F8lcoiiWi(]j<i< left Ciruvi-i^uiid ill Jauuury 171'!. 
Aftxr hnviiig contideraldt^ trouble with ibf 
Dativi'kitiK)- ui)\vnH(>iiabludt(i Uxoa a euli le- 
nient on tlin juHith tiidc of ibi- river Sif^rm 
Leone. tiftf<eu mile« below Banre Island, and 
six I'nmi Ititbnnn, lo which lie gave tbe nanw 
of (■ranvilli' Town, in honour of DrnnvitU) 
Sharp [q.v.], who bad libirallv eoatributed 
to the fiipuort of Llui int«.'ndinfr roloninla. 
IJe rwturued lioiav in St-juwinber 1791 , bring- 
ing with him numeroiut itamplea of c<iuntry 
Eroduc<tandanative|irince,s<inof Niiiiubana, 
int; of Uobnnn Town. Tbf eumjuin)- rt— 
wurli-d liis o^certion!' b^rapjiointin;; him th<-ir 
comm«rriiit apmt at Sifrni Ij?on»-, with, lis 
h(t £upjKii^-d, th*' chief direction of atTairx 



orn^i 



Erunliiig llw »ca. «ix miles above Ca|»! Siem* , 
Lnoiie, and eif(hl*.-en miU-« From Baow lalftniL^H 
and name<l it Fniluwu. Before loo^ ^^^| 
foumllo bin mortiticalion that bo was supei^^il 
Beded in the preaidt-ncy of tlio council by 
IJen tenant Jolin ClnrkBOn.. It.N., a brother oS^ 
Ttu>nia« ClarkftOD, who waa brinfrinj? with I In 
Hanctinn of government soverol buudrtKl fre< 
blacks from ?<ova Scotia to puoule the infant] 
colony. Di.twttnsioiiH amooj; iJie e-tec-utivc 
prevented Falconbridjrr from givitij; rtfftxi 
to his Bchtftn'.-ft for fxti'iKltiif the compuny'i 
Coaiinvrci*. In t^ptembt^r 1 1 i}'2 th«» dir>vtoi< 
tbooftht proper to nnnul hif ftp|tointmem, nn^ 
sent out a Mr. Waltic in hib place. Mis dt^ 
iniseiiori came jnat as he was prcjwring forn^ 
trading voyajji' to lh« (ti>M Coaiit. By wa] ' 
of finding wlinf in his niisforIU04» he kc_ 
himwlf eonstuntly into.\iualBd, und died on 
19 P«. Irft-J. , 

Ank\ Marii FAU'OKaniDas, hia widow^H 
who had afraiu accompanied him, nlayi^ *'^H 
the colony, and a month lati^r found a aeond^^ 
liuaband. Aft«r quilling .\fri(-a in.Iun« 17^ 
for a vovafle to the Wo*& Indir-'t in a iiUTin 
ahe rucnea Eii(,'laiid in October. If her statu 
ment can h» believed, she lo^-t with ihablf^ 
ireatmoni fnim the dinvlors, who refuH^rd W 
ttcknowh^lgf Kalombridip? 'a claims, or mail 
her any rompen.«ation. IShe tvmiilaini.sl tl 
her late husband bad b>-*:n iiii|K>tntt'd ton pc 
for wbifh hf> was not in tlie least litu>a 
order to secure a surv footiog^ for iht^ nni 
ffronts expecttsl from America, and havin^f 
done the rti|uiri.-d service was forthwith di»- 
miRoedonlbe jtrouiidof wnminecommorri-*' 
experience. Tlii^ Udy obinined smme no 
ricty by publi»hiiig a 'Narrative of Two Vo 
nfn^ t.o the Itiver Sierra Lcona during tti 
vears 1701-12-3, porfonned bj- Anna Man 
Vnlconbridt-e, In a senea of Letters. ~" 
which in added, a Loltur (o Iliuiry Tbomtoi 
P^.. M.r., Cliairman of the C^oiiM of l>i 
nwiors of the Sierra I.,vuu4 Corupany,' I2mi 
London, I7VW, in which «bir di-lVmU thH sla 
trade, and tn'atn the memory of her d» 
buabuHl with contempt. OtbtrrMlitions ap- 
peered in 1795 and in IiW2. 

[Un. Fali-TobridirB'" Two VoyMw, paiMlnt 
Oforf^n Kra. iii. t«ll ; Watt's Bibl. KriL i. Mi 
S6i i: Hiog. Diet, of living Authors (ISK 
p. 112.] O. O. 



ip- 

I 



FALCONER, ALESANBEB, LoM 

FAUtiNUli OF lULKi:inx)rs('?. I't7l),iud; 
waf til" eldi-Kt son of Sir Alexander Falcoi 
of Halkr^rtoun, by hi* wif" Atrucf, cld< 



Ltwviti^FaImoulhoul9Xlec.l7'JI,lujmuhed dau^htvr of Sir David Carue^^ie iif CoUui 



Falconer 



»57 



Falconer 



UfciH Jul* llia9 lie siR'teeil.;<l Ixtfd Woo«Ui»U 
on]inarv Ion! of »e«sioD, aad ■□ Ho- 
ItMl waa appointed anew by king 
i^rliamonl to bu judsn 'atl viUkin nut 
Cu1|MUii.' H« n-pn-Aenlt^ Kiucardineshtra m 
oonrention 1643-1. and in cbu parlia- 
11^^1044—% l4Mr>'f. (l4< wiui a com- 

ifor the Inan and tait in 164.% and 

a DKmber of tli*.- roniinillw "f wnr for Kin- 
nrdiiM«liir«< in \'M^. Itl44, a»<l l(UG. and 
hr F<irfBn1iin> in 1)1-18. He van a commis- 
■iODE-r for ilip {ilnniiiiion of kirks in ]644, a 
oaannifiMdurr of ilic i^fltMuer tn 1<UA. a 
BVinlMr of tliv i*oini[it1l(>e of estate.i in 1045 
ind 1017, and a colont^l for Abi'nle«nBlure 
Itiii*. Ou -M IltfC. 1W7 be wa» created 
i\ Kik I confer of Hiilkntoun, but on 16 Feb. 
ifIi(>wiifrdL-t>riv(.>dofiiisiiL'at intbt-Coll«.*^e 
■Jmtiiv, und'nrdaiiiitl lo Until iiionev for 
Ihp public \ue,' on account of liis acciwfiiun 
I lUv VncacMtnent.' Ili-n(i]H'nn", liowttn-r, 
Baron Falconer in tli<> liitt of Scots no- 
bility in U^'iy, and vrag a coinmiMionpr of 
lupply for KinrnrHin'>s1iiri^ in 1 fi-'d) (ind ItViO. 
Ilf was reappointed to tuiiuiat in tbe CoUe^ 
' Jiifti ic>- at tbc ICfst oration, and retained it 
Iu» (k-aib. In lOU he waa a cuminis- 
' of excise, and a uiembt>r of the com- 
9n for Tiflling tbo university of Abvr- 
l[i^ a|>|>r-an> an itithuir m [mrliiimKnt 
ilionl llalkertoun till ltl6i),«n<! died 1 (»cl 
1A7I. Itn marrii^l Anne, orily dnii^bliir ol 
John, ninth lord Lindsay of Ityr^ii, by 
rbotn h« had one eod and one daugbter. 

lArl*Sn)(aI'.tr1.: Uook* of Stdi^runt ; llnin- 
n> and Rtuc;'« StmiUor* of Coll. nf Ju*tie«; 
' Doa^iaa'* Tvtnsp, ii. M.] J. A. H. 

FALCONER, .Sir DAVID, of Newton 

(itt4l)-U'.8i;t. lortl pre*ideiit of llii! court of 

ion. »cvHiud eun of Sir Darid Falconer 

nUnfanjittuir, ■>«<■ of (lie oomroimarii.x of 

'^(linbureb. wna bom in Ui-10. He fliudied 

w ' iiniliT ih)' vyv of bis father,' was ad- 

itti>*l adviwari' .S July UWl. wan oppointf^d 

If of III" i-'inini -*ini-9 of l^iubiir|{b, and 

llfll■^w^l^!•> kiii„'ti['-d. Ho waa nominated 

iMfiLifMi^iiiii :;i May U^t}, lordof jiu'.iciary 

" .March I'ir.", anct president of the court of 

ion IttH:^. ' Hv Inlruduccd n-^ulalion* 

to cnlarite tbe attendance of the 

which do nut. how«T«r, Beem lo bare 

' " : '■■lion of iheir loril«bip»,' 

nry of Forfar in the par- 

ItuM- 1.. L .1-1. ...4i< ohoBtiu a lord of the 

|anicl>'', anil wna a mvRibor of varioua par- 

t ,,riM.r,r,.-v- rv,r.,i,u.L:,,iii;. FalcDoeT di«u at 

I rter a four days' ill- 

!■- cfaurehyardof Old 

, wht-rt' 1 b«n> u a nionutneiit lo hi« 

lia was twice married, and bad a 



lar^r^ family. Uia third datishter, CatherinOf 
waa the mother of David Xlume. Falconer 
collected (be dccidiond of tlir court of acsaion 
( No\i>mber 1681 -Januar>- 1086>«p to tiw laiit 
dav beiat in court (Edinburgh, 1701). llw 
pu)>!i«lier of tlt» cullurtion di'Mribu:! hlin as 
'oHBof thf wiont puiiiful Iawy«ni in hi* tii»«,' 

Falconer'dname wasaopendedtna number 
of official and loyal adar(>esu)! lo Charivs II 
and tbe Duke of York. Miwl of tlu-m are 
preaenred among the Lauderdale jinpers. 

[Fociet'B C'lUectaQCu Oeneaiogicn t Membors 
of I'ArtiameDi (Sc^ill&nd), p. 132; Itiiinton and 
IUtg'« .S<innl«n of thv Collogn of Juatico, 
p. til&, whvro tha date of death is pren a* 
lA iJco. 1685; Andorson's Sottixh Nation, ii. 
l»Si Aildit. MS.^. 2313S IT &. 743, ^3244 ff. 
33. 35. 3T. 30. 28«8 f. 34.] F. W-t. 

FAI/30NEB, KDMirND (1814-1679), 
nn nrrtor and draroatiHt whoi« real name waa 
FiiMi'XD iVItontiti':, wna born in Dublin in 
ISU, and entered tbe ihr-nlri(»lprof(*sion at 
u very earlv ngv, pUyinff utility |inrt» for 
mnuy vcars in tbo country. In Ji'.'iO he un- 
d'-rioolt tlw Irtiding: bueimvj) in tin; Worcester 
circuit, and bin laat provincial enj^auement 
wna in lli» autumn ot 1854 at tliu Adelphi 
Tbimlm, Liverjinol, wh«re lie actrd Hamlet 
and Tbroe-finntred Jack on the same niirht. 
Hu wiw intriMlucwl to ibn L(>ndan public 00 
a wTite.r by his drama called ' The V.huot, or 
Heart for U-'arl.' broujffbt out at tbe Lycoum 
Tb.-iitr.* undi-rChnrlc'* Dillon'* manocn'Rieni, 
C Dec. l^'k), wiib much succeed. Ilia next- 
piecnwas' A [lunbandfiiran Hour,' produced 
at the Haymarkn I Juno 1^7. On 2*1 Au^. 
1858, in conjunction with Mr, Webster, he 
apL'n»l the Lyctrura, and put on lh<t i>liu;e hia 
own come^ly, ' Kxtrvuie*. which he fullowud 
ui> with anoiht-r niece, ' Franceaca,' on 
3l March 1859. and in April ffuve up the 
ihifiatri-. For tlm Princi-^a'c Tlwnt re, Jjondon, 
ho wrote 'Tbe Ma^iler Passion.' llrat played 
on 2 Nov. I8.*i9, In RnuciL'siilt'sdrainH. 'I'hw 
Colleen Bawn,* produced at the A<lelnhi 
IH July IpMJO, Falconer undertook ihe clia- 
rnctcr of Danny Man, which he continued to 
jicrform throughout ih>; oriiciiml run of Itw 
piite, a period of t'iil nifrbts. In 1861 he 
Bgniii bccaitif mHiin)ci.'r of the Lyceum, onii 
Ijrnnght out on lit Auj;. bid roinedy, 'Woman, 
or Love a^nst the World.' His irreolevb 
hit wan. howi'vir, made by bU lri»b drama, 
• P.>ep o" Hay," first acted in IvOndon 9 Nnv. 
1801, which wnjoy*>d uu uninlemipled career 
untd Dc4^-mbcr IftBlJ. This nif^», founded 
ou Banim's novels, ' John Doe and * llie No- 
lana,' wa^ on^nally pluyed at the Adelphi, 
Ltvernool, umb-r tbe title of 'Thit Otvcn 
Iltlla. To the Ilayniarlti't he comribuUHl 
two comcdiefi, * Family Willa' and 'Docs he 



Falconer 



TS« 



Falconer 



Iov« me P ' m both of whidi Mum Amy Sedg- 
wick played thw hvruinex. At tJte Vriact^* 
liAsoppIii^ Ch&rlra A. FMhterwitb the Eng- 
Mab version of ' }i»y BIm ; ' ind t>iv »ung« of 
Balfe's opcrM, ' 'Hu! ICmie nf Oostiln ' and 

* IsatnuclU,' uul lh« entire librottu of .VJfred 
MhUod'h open, * VictoriiM-.' w>:ni fniin liUppn. 
Hd mudc 13,000^ Kt ilit* Lvctiuin.iLnd in ItUiJ. 
with Kiwderick U«lair Chnttcrton. becamu 
joint leuee of Dniry ]jan« ThcAtre, for which 
lie wFOt« and ppoductd' Itoniii« Dundee,' 
iiSKwb. 1863; 'Nature's abovp An." lySept.: 
' Nicbt and M'jmitig,'9 Jan. latyi; und' Love's 
tirdecil, rir ihn ulJ and New Rigime.'a May 
1886. In addition he wrote 'ThoU'KlulieilyiJ' 
Wldi 'Qalway-fpvbnuiU,' a dnitnalijtnti'in of 
Lpv«'» 'CharleaO'Sialler,' in which he him- 
ai-lf ncl>^ MicWj Free, lie atteoiptwl to 
popularise the national drama br the pro- 
duction of 'Macbeth,' 'Cyinbelini,' 'Roine^ 
and .fuUel,' ' Aa you liko it,' 'King Joiin,* 

• Uenrv thu Fourth,' 'Couma,' nnd ' Manfrvd ; ' 
hutalthiiuch be emplov»d all the biMtt talrnt 
of thedav the public did nut Nuflicionlly pa- 
trouise till.' bouxc, ami in 1801]. imritifr liMt 
all Iii4 money, hs natin>d nn 2U.St'pt.,lf'aviii(f 
CUattciton eole lessee of ]>niry Liuu-. Dii 
19 Nov. 1866 h*. however, opened Her Ma- 

jealv'ft Thimtrt with his own five-iitl dniina, 
' Onauh, or the Lovtr* of LtHnamona,' hut 
tUs pteot! was a comptetu failure, ajid Ih? 
•easoo auddanlv lermiaated on ItO Nov. Ho 
then went to Anirrira. and mad<- hiHuppettr< 
aow at th" Olympic TLealrv, New Vorit, on 
ill April ISS", in his own drama of* Ni^ht 
nnd Moniinjf.' Hv rvmnined in America 
about thrfef earn, where he prodtievd thrrm 
n«w dramas and an adaptation of oif of 
<»ui<ta'» iM)v.?li, whieh Iw called 'Firefly.' 
During hi« alwenn* hia piece. ' A Wifo wl'U 
wou.' wna brought out at thv lliiymiirhft 
Theatre, London. Aft*r his return he mic- 
oes'ifuUy inlroduowl nt the I'rincessV ' Eilf«n 
()ge,' an nltemtion of his drama ' [nni-<falli>n,' 
raorepopularlycttllfd'Killurney.'aniianothcr 
draniit inib"! ' Ora-ma-chree.' He died at hia 
rwidence. 'J^ Kfp|n!l Slprot, ituuvU y<juar«, 
Loudon, on i!9 St-pt. 1 879, and wsa buned in 
Kon«al Cirffa cemelflrv. As a d«Iinvutor of 
lri*!i chararter Iif will be long rvmeiulifrM. 
and aome of hi-i dmnios will continue !•■ )>«! 
acted wbik- the seutimental view uf tlir TrUIi 
p«a«ant rcmairui a chtriAhcd idea witli ao 
manypAmona. His tirst murriBce ws> dis- 
aolvod; he married Mcondly a timijchter of 
John Neville, the widow of Mr. Wftst^m, the 
actor. She di"! 3 Jnnt* iy«4. He morried, 
lhirdly,an AmericAnUdy.whoHUrvivetl biui. 
Many of Falcoucr'sdrauiui and librett'W hare ' 
been printfd, and lii^ wan also ilit- mitbor cf 
'Murmuriags in the May and Sunuuiur of, 



Manhood,* 'O'lluarh's Bride," and ■ Man"» 
Miaaiou,' ponms, 16(l-'>,and of aiiotli^r voluiBO 
of poenia entitlt-d ' Miiidn^' 

[lUanmtcd Spaniajt and [>nn>ati« Neva, 
4 Uw. 1873. W- 2*3-*; Pa*^'» I>n««»al«aJ 
Li«t. tAT9. [>p- na-30; SurllnR'e Old I'ruirl 
Iabo, 1881, 1. 27^^; Era Alaanaok. 1R68. p.^ 
21 ; Era. fi Oct. I87l>, p. S.] tl. C. B. 

FALCONER, FORBE?! (lHi»-l^.i3), 
Persian ncholar, liorn at Alwrdeen, 10 Ht^t, 
IS05, was thfi Hecond aad only sur^-ivinf,' Mn 
orOilbi>rt FalconerofBraetude.Fifeeliirv. II4 
wail HlucaHwl at the gnunmar *ohool and at 
Mari what Colief(e, where he obiaitiod |irixest)i 
claMical studies, niafirntpublicationa, which 
appean^ anonymously in loeul joomalB, wirrt 
also cloasical, coiuislini; nf metrical transla- 
tjoos from tlio Greek anlhuloiry. Ue ayto- 
menoed hia oriental t<tii<lifj> Vtin- th« ap« of 
twenty, by atK-'nilin^; the Il'ilirew cbtM^ of 
ProfiWKor Ilcntli'v in AVnlwn, and liliewisH 
)R>^nthf nrivatii study of Arabic nnd Pi'nian. 
Alterward* proceeding to I'aris Le atteiidt^l, 
dnring nfArly fire yoan, tht- cour^M of Du 
Sacy,l)eCb&iy,aDd,lbrUindmtaDi,ofrTHma 
d« TaMv. Alter short viHts to Mtveral t.t»r- 
man luurerutiex, Falcoaer ruturnivl to this 
country, nnd settled in London an n Li>aclutr 
of oriirnta] latiguacrfl, and oociipiwl for a 
short tinw tlin pnjlBKionhip of oricnlal Un- 
cages in Univenuty Colle^, Ii^mdon, Hh 
i« p^rbiips b<-"«t hnown in lite pwwitt day for 
hisworkson thi^' HusiAn,' from which h/^ptih* 
lislivd in ISSfl a volume of seleelions, vory 
neatly lit hours phcd from htsowntruiLM-ri|it. 
In the ' Asiatic Journal,' a um-ful iw-riiviital 
now defunct, hu published a trambiluin of 
part of tbc eaniv ywvta, ra well im sclL-cliunn 
from wvi'ral of the Siiti po>;t9, and a critical 
Mndyof the'.Sindibad Nauiah.' For the So- 
ciety for i\w Publication of Orieutal Tctts 
Falconer edited two important iMfm* of 
Jimi, the 'Tuh&t-ul-Ahrnr' and 'HaUunaa 
u AbMl.' Th« critk-al ability of tbeso r<-x1« 
is attested bv FrancU JohiLwin in tlu- pn- 
fMW to bis pJilioQ iif Dirbnrd^nn'* ' Persian 
Dictionnry.' Falconet* ' Ptiri*iaii Grammar,' 
wliicb reached a second edition in IH4J*, is 
now a ramcwhat rare book. 

l''nlc< >n>T was a membvr of t he Asiatic So- 
cieties of London and iV^i^ and an houoraiy 
member of tlia Amprk'an Oriental 8ociaty. 
He died in l^ndon, 7 Nor. tS51t. 

[Annual Report of the Royal Aaiatle Society 
for I8&3.4, J'MiritAl. vol, xr.\ J.Th. Zrakn^j 
BiMiotheca Orieatalls.] C. £. 

FALCONER, IlfaH ( IMJK^li^BSt. pa-i 

In-oiiloldj^ii'l mill biitiiDist, younpi«> smi of 
Diivid Ftthtini^r, was bom nl Forres, ]'ll|rit».{ 
shire, on 2i> Fvb. IHW. Uv wua u^ui^tud 



I 



•alconer 



*S9 



•alcoTier 



» 



I 



»t iJie ForrcM i^nuninar ■cliool and at tbc 
uiiivf>niirT of Ahnrdeen, trh«re h« gradnued 
\i-A. in \&i(i. He alwwed gtv%i powere of 
nit>iii^rT fnr loufpugeft, as trell m b marked 
iJicto fgr botaOT aiid zoologv, witb a JWDC- 
tmttng tntollcct. ^i-nial hiimour,ftn(l a mioh, 
viotiiitg (lupociUon. iu iJ^ liu iMiu-ri-d ns 
*«tu(Ieut otiDwliciiw ut KJtiiltur){b I'uivar- 
■il;, vboru )w gndaaU-d M.D. in 1^29, nnd 
'WMtl ODOe iUHairiBl«duustiuitaiiL-surgi.-<iu uu 
the Bengal MUbUsbntent of the Kott India 
Coaipaiiy. Baag tuukr tlio required s^ of 
twenlj-tn-o, fan «ptvt tht- intwn-al in London, 
UButing Dr. N'uthunit^l Wallich iu the <U»- 
tribatioa uf hia grnnl Indian Ii(rrfa>iHtiai, and 
atBdyuwgeolagjri&ndespwiullv Itidi«nfnft»il8, 
cad*f Sb. LoiMdale al the tifwloKicsl So- 
eit'tjr'A MoMUDi. Arriving at Calcutta in 
Svptembet ItSHi, Falconur ai oncw tdiowod his 
but br f^vnitf^ an account of Eomo fo&til bonea 
{naa Ara, in tbv ]i«««i'iwion uf llio Asiatic 
Sociel^ of Bengal, vrbidi via* putilisluid in 
(hi: UunI Toluinv uf ' OlMuiu^ in ScifUiee,' an 
Radian jour ual cdilnl li^ Mr. JntDM PriDwp. 
Eirl^io 1>(31FaIn)ner was ordered loMeerut, 
and in pursiiancv of aonw couacquent duty 
happencd to jioiw thro»|^h Sntunnpitr, wIk-k 
bp met Dr. HdtIp, superintendent of the bo* 
tanic gnrd<-n. Congenial tHxtti k-d to Itovle 
aeeuriiijf^ Falcgnut uh liiit deputy duriug lunv« 
«f abMOOe, and in \>^1> thu Uit«r auccwded 
bis ftwnd in diaiyu of th« botanic garden. 
Til' locality waa most favourable for oil kiniU 
of natural nii>1on'pur8uil», andlJienrosimity 
of lilt Si^-jiltk liilln, IU yi't lilllpi'Kjikifvd, not 
omlj led Falconer to the drterminntion of 
tlwiT tvrtiaiy aeii, but also to liis diecoveiy of 
a vtgt aeries or remarkablo fofwi) mamniaU 
and n>p1Jle6. Tbiis disroverv waf» a notable 
malt ofi>civi]lific]n«r)8ton, torin 1801, when 
he AftvnainiHi the tige of ihcsD hilK Fidconer 
had been ted to the conrluiion ' that the re- 
naiiM of maAtodou and other large extinct 
mammalia would Ijc found viihorin tbvgrarvl 
or in other deposita nccupying tht! same mui- 
lioB in aotuv part of the mngu.' Ilia friend, 
CaplAilHart'-rwanls^irl'mhy ir.nuth?3-[(|.v.], 
joined liiin in mailing i>\lende<l tvwiaTThaA, 
'i3 iinvrnrtU Ihf ' Journal of the 
y of Ili^n^'nl' and 'Astatic Kt.*- 
-ainivl numeroiM uittnioim on 
rie*. Bt the labour* of Fal- 
-■■■1 CieuU. Sir W. K. Bnkt-r 
1 lij. v.], a ^-ertebmle fos»il 
t.i Kifli'_ iinoxuDultid fur 
'■otbea Vnown. 
■ fe^ foasil qiut- 
ri und if\9- 
■^r I III. '.-, new wilv- 

: iKjpuLuiiiiik, iliu i-itlouuil rumi- 
imfipccieaoftMiricb.crocodUea, 




tb« enurmooa tortoise colosaooticlys, and nu- 
m«roiL<t Ashia. Tht task of preserving and 
determining tliesa fomUit, far from mmwums 
and bnokit,«as mo«t diflicull.andiuonlnr lo 
obtain material furcuramrii^on Fulconcr.willi 
rar« t-nt-rgj", prepared iikvleTiiiiK of tho living 
animaia iiruund him. Saeh wnrlt was not 
long ill ohtninuigrttTiignition in England, and 
in II-37 the Oeolngical Sociotv of Ixindon 
uw»rd<.>d ihL' WoUaston medal, m duplicate, 
tA Falcontir unci rniitlcy. 

In 183^1 a oommiaslnu was ftpj>oint4\l hy 
the Eli>ngiil tfowmnient to report on the fit- 
ness of India for the growth of ten, and by 
Falconer's advice experiinvnia were orderfUt 
and wiTi- conducted under hts auptmnt«nd- 
ence in Biceo JM^lucti^-d by him. The first tea 
■n-u* manufactured under him, and Lhn pn>- 
iiuci> dvclitred cquul Iu the beat China tea. 
He also made larg'' adilitinnji Lu Indian ixjt anr, 
which ware acknowledged by I>r. Knyle (//- 
tuatratiutu of tJis Botany of f/tf llimalntfan, 
1830) in naming a new g«iit» Fntnurria 
after his friend. To gain aew Specimen.'^ ho 
travelled miirh in thp miny season at great 
risk to liiii life. Li I8:J7-8 he viaiuil CoAb- 
mercon the occasion of Bumes'a second mi»- 
fiion to Cabul. In 183^ he crussi-d the moun- 
tains to Iskardob in Italkihtan, and Im-ml the 
Sliiggur bnmch of the Indus lo its aouroe, 
examining th« grrnt gliicittt)i of Arindoh and 
of the Bralduh viJIey, and TBiuming to Ca»h- 
uiftTw by the vnlL-y of .\storB. In the latter 
he diaroran.>d the aAddf<£tiila plant of Mm- 
merce, which be was the flrat to describe. 
During hi^ atay in Ooahmcre, although inter* 
rupted by prolooged iUnew, Falconur aoni to 
the Soharanpur gardena 650 grafted plauta, 
including all the moitt vnlnnbli? Frnit trees. In 
I&40biBae«lthgavewayufierfrLt|uviitiH:vvn) 
flEtoclts consequent on inceaaan t expoaure, and 
in ltM:!heretunu:!dtoKngland uu aiclt leave, 
bringing with him seventy large cLeata of 
dricl pliiute and Gvo tuna of fosail bnae;!. 

From itUH to 1847 Falconer rrroained in 
England, publinbing numeroiLi momuin: on 
thn giiilogy and fuasila of the SiTalik hills, 
wbieh bare been leprwluccd in tii« roIlMtcd 
works, and also contributing several impor- 
tant botanical papers lo the Linnean Society. 
His botanical collectioHi having partially »v^- 
fered from damp on the voyage to England. 
were dtrpoiitedai tt»e East India IIouio during 
Falconer'a second abannce iu India, and Riif- 
fered gmallv from neglect. In pn<naritig the 
'Fh.ni IndiVa' (lAVi), Dr. (now Sir i.Xi.) 
Hooker and Dr. Tlinmson recorded that it 
was the onlv herbarium of importance lo 
which they fallal to procure acec«a, and (liey 
were tlius unable to do Falcouer full juMice 
us the diacoTem of many of the plant* they 



Falconer 



160 



■aiconer 



bwl deiicrib«). In \?A7 the planlewhkli aiir- 
Tived this neelect were (lefujnilMl «l Kcw, 
Rnl eino! Fftfconfrr's di«lh liii< rnlutninoiis 
botoniral ooim, with 450 coluun<<l OrnwiituA 
of Indinn |>liuit», hftva been pUtrnt in the 
Kr-w libnuT. Beeidvs worlcin j out his twn 
coneciioii«,'F«li-on«r fr*Ti- much timf 10 ilt*- 
tcrniininj^ tht> Inilliiu fcMtilit in ihu Dritish 
MoBSum Bod thv Kitxt ladia lii>ii«e,cHpc«>uilly 
tbfl Ui^ge oolWliou* sent homt- by Cwiilley. 
In rwponne to memurialK from the ureei'lentA 
of the chief M«iniJfic mx-iplu-a ftnJ from thr 
British AraociKtion, a gavi>mmt.-iit (;">"'. ''^ 
IfiOOi. was madv for prrmriii^ fur i-ihibition 
the Indian fossi1« in ton Ithtiiili Mun-uui, 
which am »till unarranged and embeddied in 
rork. and Falconer WM appointed to 8U|)erixi- 
tpiid the wwrk in Ucwinb^r ll<44. The Ea»t 
India Comiiony gave him riDploymflot and 
pay as if bu wrv etil) io India, and at hi* 
loetance a m-jm-" of iMioiirwi casts of the tn(»t 
Tpmarkablp Sivalik fuwiU wue prt-piirwl, and 
tela were preHontiil to the prinnpal European 
museums. Tlif^ puhliratioQ of a. ^ri«l lolio 
i)]u»1rat«l work, the 'Fonna Anti(|uiL Siva- 
Ivnai-,' Milled by Falconf4-, was oommcnced in 
1 Wfl, the phwes beina drawn ly O. H. Ford. 
AVitliiii three yean luero appeared nine parta 
of the ■work, iMeh coutaimnK twelve plate* 
of prest nrli'iltc exwllcocK, l,^-^ Siwciincnil 
biMUft fipiTtt) in iboni. Bi.«idos ihe 8ivalik 
foa»ile the work tUmtrates mammalian ta- 
maina from the Xt-rbuddu mlh-y, th« Irra- 
wnddy, and rerim Ulaii'l. Uf the letterpre** 
iinfortuiiatrly only on.? nart wiia compli^ted. 
Ilia work in'lhslirilish >lii«tuin was urgent, 
am! the timf remaining did not «tiahh; Fal- 
coner tooo in pletel he iinmen^vw-rkcifmuking 
reft^rencw in his full and conwirntiotis style. 
He WW compelled to ivtura to India in li^47, 
in order to avoid loeins hie comnil«iini and 
iii« riglit to a pension, narin^ been ajvpoiniefl 
•UOceesor to Ur. Wallich as HiiperinteTident of 
the Calcutta (Inlanic Gardrvn and profe-tsor 
at biitanv in the Caloutui Medical CoUeg^e. 
To compleli' hi'n- the account of the ' Fiinnn 
Antiiiua Sivalenae' Falconer found himm-lf 
unabu! to eontinu* hi* part of the work in 
India, and on htii return to EnKhmd in Icf-jfi 
he fuiiud that many of tint unpiibltKhttl iilalt-ii 
liad been erwd from tlto aton'v nn ivbiui they 
had been drawn. Ho »! tmnw'lf to com- 
plete the work. Bad hvallh am) the ex- 
tended nodies FMiiirod combined to poet pone 
it till too lati'. Proof coiiiea of «i.wenliV.-n of 
lie unpiihlisliMlplBti'SfWilh outline tracing^i 
forlhe reraaininpiilalw, liave t«>en depo:*itcd 
in ihclilirarvof thd (fi-ohniical d^TparimeuIof 
lhiillriti^hMu%*>iini(NHluriimi»U)ry). South 
IvL-ri-iii«tiiii. A il<--f ript3onoflhoplait'ft,bolb 
publithtidoadunpubltshed, WW compiled after 



F'ak'onur's di;ath frotn hit notci and memo> 
raiiJa bv I>r. >IurrhiHon,and in««ri"f<l in Fa 
eonor'a • Pala^ontoJo^cal Memnira,' vol. L, 1 
alao piiblifthnl MftpanttHlv tn 1)^)8. 

In February lft4rt Fnloonw i'ni*-r»'il ny 
hia new duties bI Calcutta. An imp->rtn 
pan of his wnrk consittci) in ., 
government of India on all luiitt . 
to Ihe Ti^Rctahle prodiicta of Indui, Ui it 
bis Tatnoble roport. on the t<.-ak forMt* 
'I'enaueriiu waa publifheal in th- 
from rb« Itccords of the Ffatu^l 1 t 
In Id^i'J hv pitblisbiNl in thu ' Jounim •>; i| _ 
Affriciiltural and Horticultural Sn-irty of 
India' n paper 'on the quininp-yii->ldin|^ 41n- 
cliiituiv and thnlr tnl.nKliiolinn into India,' tv- 
commonding tlit^ir trial in H^nj^nl aii'1 ''f 
Neilghirio. NumeroiuolJierbotsnical {< , 
wei*" cnntrihutwl by him In tin* """i^ 
He selected and arran^d tlii> l<i : 
hibit^ of Renj^l for tho Lomloti . n 

of 1851 . In Ift&l he mad« a cntaloi,'ue of thu 
fMsiUin the muMum of the .\iiaiic Six-;, tv 
of Iten^l, which wa» published ir. 
Mi^aiiwlulfl he vta* verv murvmfiil as a : ' 
of botany in the medical collepe, 

Fftl toiler ™tii»d from the Indian aervieeln 
the spnng of 18ft&, and on arririnc- in Kni;- 
land at one* resumed liU palieonlokigical r<> 
Mnifht'9, vtAiting almut cv.'n,' muscutn in 
Western Europe, and everywhi-n.' makini; 
nulea on momoialian specimens, principnilv 
theprobowtdeaaadrhinucurostni. id^uliUEefl 
hia enforced residences in Amth Ku^r - 
the winters of 1S58-61 through ill-h' 
the furtbvnuuN- of hix tttiidiirn, and m . ■■•.'. 
he communicated to the British Asfl.-viAii(.u 
■I faiiibridiio an account of the newly dis- 
corcivd jiigmyfiMuil vU-phant of Malta. Ite- 
6eari:lii*a on the fauna ol tlif o«ufemus rnvf* 
of (iowi-rled him in IhtfO to pro»e tl' 
phna nntiqiius and rhinoci^ntf beniiin j 
were members of the cave fauna of l''ii)j;laia 
In the »me year be determined that tl 
l)ov«y Tracey liffnile dcpoMt v/itt ufmiucc 
age. In IWJI he ga\-e important cvidet 
befofi:* a roval loiumission on iIiq sanjti 
condition of India, in which hi'dixtinguip 
L-an<fuIly but ween the removable and ir 
ntovahlK citUKrrN of diiieOM-. In litxlnlt^^r y*-j 
he spent much time in examining' the i>j 
deno.'Jt DK tn thr antiiiuily of man, which f 
had boen Ifd In snticTpatV' in India in IH' 
Ilis examination in IH^ of ihi* Hint imi 
nn-ntsdioeovercd iu the vail— ■'".i 
caused him to urg^- Mr, I'r 
ti)(ate the subject, whirl ' 
hm'c4 up with ino«t ii. 
fact, every current ijU'- 1! i 

muiia iinu prehixt'iHc man wn.') invi'.^tij 
aud (,-ommvntnl upon by Falconer in a 1 



Falconer 



i6i 



Falconer 






partjal, aiid candid spirit, and his v:ojk 
Ilk niucli luoro vxlvnuivv (ban pren his pul^ 

iltitig freeh evidence And developing bis 
ens. many of whioli V never oomnuttcd 
wriliDg.owiiigtotLeereat KienuveueMof 
hia nKTinory. Iiaviiii,' rt-iunicd haalilv from 
GibnJur lo ttuppart liiv^ I'luium of Cbarlus 
win U) the lopley medal of Uie Royal 
it-ty, be ttiffervl miich fVom exposuro ajid 
ilituo,un<I ill Jaiiuary l'^(66be wossttaclivd 
ncutorLtumatiani, wiihdiatioae of the henrt 
il Uinfpf, of which hu di(?d in I^nduD on 
July iHtUi. Uk was l>iiri<Kl «t K'liiwl 
rpeii on 4 Feb. following. At ihe liine of; 
d'-ulli h«; wbji n vicp-pn?si(Ient of the Roya] 1 
>iy ^having Ixvn plwted r.R.S.in ISl.l), 
forpiifn secrolary of tlio tSpolo^ical So- 
_•. A Kalrtini-r mcmfirial fund aiuount- 
1(1 nearly -JJiiWt. wa« colIfClod, purt of 
irh p^>Ti<)•■d n marble bu«t a( him by 
'. IloiU-r f'T ihf Ijoyal yocioty's rrxim>-, an- 
her bnsr being platted, by a Mpamtt- nuh- 
rintion.iur hi' tuu&i<tim of the Asiatic SorjetT 
I, ('ulriittn. A FniciHi'T iiipmorial 
ip for medical nrn8tiir,ii*ri*iiri' cra- 
'uot mifrdlban ihree years' it (audi ng 
alx't founded in (he iiniventity of I'Min- 
:li for tW eacouru cement of tu« study of 
' y and eooff^-. 

i«t« fnend, lir. Ch«rle8 Murchi- 
^ arranged his noleaand republished 
nlolomial mcuoira in twovoliinit'A, 
under Ine title • raI)K>iiUiti<i['ind Me- 
■ir* and Notet! of ihu late Tlugb l-'ulconer.* 
luniea are uuw amouK the vlnseico of 
iiogj. A portrait ia prefixed. "Dr. 
iaon. in aumraing up nis character, 
of * nis peootral iiig and dirtoriminat iiig 
nt, liiw nri)tinality of obaer\~alioD ana 
pth iif thought, hii> cxtratirilinRrv memory, 
H ff!nrle».><neiu of oppiwltion when truth was 
bv orolvei), the scrupuloiuearc willi which 
awarded to l^v«^y man hia duo, and his 
Mt and pgwi^rful adNL>cttcy of that cuuac 
ch hia Mfong intellect l«i hiro to adopt.' 
wa« ' a ataid odviFtir, a gt-oial conpHoion, 
ft liearty frirnd.' A lUt of hia Mptm is 
■u in the ' Ijoyol Societv*b Catologafl of 
liimtific I'api-ra,' vol. ii. ISftt*. 

I'a Diog. ^krtdi. praflxrd to l-'iil- 
ilolof^i-nl Mcrooira.] I>. T, It. 

FALCONER, JOH.\(/.ir,47>,nitrchiint, 

Ki hnvv lK-«ti the (ir«t Englishman 

M-itM'd a »erii^ <jf dried plants, a 

atudr tiret nrarrihi^d uy I.uca 

logna. who aUo won the earlie«G 

her of botany in I'Iuro|io, and iba 

of bulanlcal gnrdi-n*. From th« 

1 Tooorda pfrwntNl wu le&ni thai 

TOL. XTtU. 





he travi^Udd An the continent, and from I&40 
or 1&4L to 1547 he was living at tV*rmm, 
which h« l«ft ill r)M' lusl>named year. Hd 
was a fellow-pupil of Wijllum luniur, the 
father of Kuglish botauvr at Bologna, and U 
miiitioDiid in TumiT's' Herbal ' several timBS 
with great reapvct on account of hin atlain- 
mi'nta. ' Maiatur Fnlboniier'ii Boke ' in the 
Mirlirwi iiiHittimi wo haiif of atk h?rburiiini, 
the imlispeiLiahle adjunct of the ticientilic 
and accurate knowleagu of plnnta. 

[Amstii* Liiaitnnni*, Kntin-. in Koa.. Stnw»> 
burg. 14-51 ; W. Turiior's 1KtI»1. Sad ed. fol. tl 
Trrw; It. I'uiUineysSkctchM. i. 71, 72 ; E.H.F. 
Mirror's Omcb.derBoUDik, iv. 240, 370-1. | 

B. D. J. 

FALCONER or FALKNER, JOHN 

(1577-1(^'»0), ji«uU,»iu of Henry Falconer 
by Mart hn Pike, his wifp.wasboniat I.yllon, 
rioreetAhire, on 2fi Marcli 1577. Hi» mother 
belonged to a respectable Cheshire family, 
And hia maternal unclit was Str Richard Mor^ 
ton. Hi* parents were catholic:*, and both 
die4 while he was an infant. He was brought 
up by hi» uncle, John Brook, a mLTchant, 
until he was t-1even years old, when lit- was 
sent to the gTammar school of Shirlwime, 
l(or«il jihin-, fur tivn vetm. Hix hnithrr iheu 
sent him to Oxford, where he etudif^] for 
nearly ■ \-ear tu Si. Miir)''s Hall, and for 
anolhr?r y.'ar in frlourealfr Hnll. Siibitr- 
tjiieatly he joined the expedition of thu Earl 
of Emci to 8pnin, and 'nftrr h^ing tossed 
about by many storms ' he returned to Lon- 
don, where he spent two years and a haJf in 
tliewcviceofLord Henry Wind^^ir. In 1609 
ha was reconciled to the catholic church. 
Going to Rome bo was admitted into the 
English Gilleiii:^ on 19 May 10()0, under the 
tiKHiinifd nameof PingUy. He wnionlained 
pne8ii 'JO Dec. 1603, enlerud the Society of 
Josus 18 Nov. IIMVI, nndthm* ynant later was 
iwnt upon the English misciion. Hia name 
occurs in a list of Iwelvo Jesuits banished 
in 1618 (DODD. Church m»t. ii. S93). He 
waa profeated of tlie four vows y-J July lOiy. 
In InSl h« hod rctiimi.<d from eicilo. and woa 
I'XercUing his epiritual fuueliotu in Loudon. 
ARer serving as n miaaioner in tbi> Oxford 
district, ho wu appointed socitu to tbttnaator 
of novicM at Watten in 10.13, and auba^ 
quenily confessor at Li&gn and Qbcnt. At 
one period bewitu peitiltntiarv at HI. IVIvr'n, 
llome. He. waacbaulainat Wardour Ca»tlt< 
during its siege by «r ICdward Hungerford 
in 1043, took ait actire pan in it« gallant 
defence by Lady Blanche Arundell [<[. v.j, 
and was employed in treating with the enemy 
for icrmK of uoaoumUe capitulation. He 
died on 7 July 166& 



mm 



Falconer 



Falconer 



UU works are: I. 'Tbu KL-futatioti of ihe 
Errors of John Thriitt; Si. <)m«r, 161B,4lo, 
undur thv inilULi B. 1). 2. 'Life of ttui 
fileiwed VirKiii Man-,' Sl-Omw. 1682, 12mo, 
also undL-r till! initiaia B. D. 8. 'Tlk» Looking^ 
gin»M of t'onsciiinc*,' St. Omer, I63i, latino, 
k trntuUtion under thi> initinU I. F. 4. An 
Kn^ult tTansUtion of ' KnfM:icuIuii Myrrlni! 
de Paasione Domini,' St. Omcr. ItiAi. under 
the iniliala I. F. T). ' llift mimirnblc Life of 
8l . Wt-opfride '(St. Omer), HWr,, 12mo, ir«ii»- 
latitl, under rhts itiitialu L F.. from the Latin 
of llobert, prior of Shrvwsburr', A n."prinl, 
for Uie Mm? of [lilf^uu to the hnly spring, 
•ppe&red in 171'J, l:^mo. n'lif iorv, under the 
title of 'The IJfe and Mimclt^x of St. W«n<-- 
fride, Viruiii, Martyr, and Abbeiu, Palronc-i.^ 
of Walai, II in Mtid in the pr«>fac^ to this 
edition that the translation was rvnllT madti 
by John Hooil, aliiu .Mford, aliim (irifllth 

^j Alfohu, Micii\ri.1 (cf. OLivnR, Je»uit 
irctiont, p. 43). (J.'Life of St.Catliariiw 
of Swed™,' St. OmM-, l«3r», 18too,b tranala- 
tion und«r the iiuUala I. F, 7. ' Life uf Su 
Anne,' manuwript. 

rSoathwell'ii lUltl. t^rriplumin SiH*. Jf^ii, p. 443 i 
PoWa R»«mU, iii. 422. ri. 215. \-ii. 212; Oli- 
Tor** Jtmdt CoUmIlOos, p. k8; Ohvor'* Cnfhnik 
Ilaligion inComwi»ll.[.. 2«i; Doad> t'hurrh Hi«L 
iii. IM; Da Bitcknr'ii Bihl. di-a Et^ritxios dc k 
C«inpatfiiied(iJ£diu(lB69),vol.i. 17X7: Oillow'a 
Bibh Diet. ii. 23, iii. 59. Oot of Priiitwl B«i>li« 
ill Bril. Mui,] T. C. 

FALCONER, HANnLI-; WILIIKA- 
HA.M (l8ltHRSl), medical wrin-r. fourth 
son of Thomas FnlconcT, M-I). (ITrL'-IK.*!!)) 
[q. v.],bom in Itil'l, was fur many years one 
or the Wding phvsimn* of Bath", n lipre hia 
grandfather, M iliiaui FiLk-onpr, ^I-D. ( 1744- 
1834) fq. V. ], had also urnct isi>d. lie Ix-^^an the 
atudr of mwiicinc at Edinburgh in IFwfi, nnd 
graduated there in IS39. At liral ht>B.>ttl«l 
«t Tenby, bnt in 1847 he inovpd to Bath, 
where he ooniinued to pructiBe till hid death. 
lie wns 0. man of rarii-fl knowledfje and ac^ 
oompliHhmi.>nt«. fond of archicolop- and bo- 
tany, anil ao much ■■•tvnmed by Ins fuUow- 
citiiena that tlit'V eincttid him mayor in 18.'»7. 
In ftddilion to inn Edinbiireli duet'.>r»te, be 
held the honorary title of doctor from the 
Quwn's ITnivierfliiy, Ireland, 18"9, and that 
of felhiw from tht> King and (JLKfu^C'olloce. 
Uuhliu, nnd wait u I'ljlluw of the Miwliai-Clii- 
pnrjricai Society of Luiui-in. In 18"t<, when 
the British Medioil Af^<M>ciation met at Bath. 
bo wna elected pn-jiiilMot. He died Ii Slav 
Id^l. Aa pliyaifian to t)i<> Jlath General u'r 
Mineral WnU-rHoitpital ho bctilowud mufh 
attention on the curative virtues gf the l»th», 
and hii work on ' The Baths and Mineral 
Watepa'reaobedafiflbeditioainiari. Oilier 



puhlicatioDK vren> thu foUnwin^: 'R-'pirtB nfl 
CtmnaLlhti Itnth Umieral Hwpical, l.-<(iO;' 
'The Bath Mineral Waters,' &<u, 1S31 ; and 
in the umu ve«r h« contributed cases to tbo 
* British Medical Joumal.' 

[Andrew itf the I'rMidcQt of Uia TttA^Mr. 
Soo. i ir«iii^l Directory.] J. Dl 

FALCONER, THOMAS (1738-1791*) 
cla4i*ical wliolar, son of Williuni i''iile>iiie 
recorder of Cbcfltcr, by l^licaboth, daught 
uf Kandlo Wilbrahum dv Towtutnd, rv»idi 
for sonM" time at Brastenoae College, Oxford 
where he mu:rtculttted 12 March 17''j4. hut 
b.'ft without tnkinf; a dejtnie, nnd tvhh rnll'il 
to the bar nl Lincoln's Inn on 20 Jiin<^ 17lW. 
Bein^ pwcluded by chronic ilMieidth frMtn 

Smclism^ at the bar, hr? livwl a Ufit of atu- 
ioii* retirement at Chester. He took much 
inter«at in antiqiiiticx, and in his way woa a 
pat run of lii<.T»tun'.»^)that lie waa colled (by 
Mi.sa St'ward ) tJie MiecenoA of Chester. It vnB 
to him that la 1771 Foote Uuwer addrcftf^l 
hiri l.'7ijflliv Inller i-nlilM ' X Skntch of the 
Mat.TinUfiiraN'ewHislnrvof i"^healuTr.' fie 
wa« a friend of John Itvinliold Forater, wlw 
df-difif^ to him hi.^ trannlatinn of Baron 
Riedesera 'Travels throueb Sicily, and that 

fart of Italy fbrmorlv calU-d .Miipia tinvria,' 
.otidon,1773.8vy. ile died ou 1 :i*ept. 1702. 
and was buried in St. Michael's Church, 
Chester. A muiiumunl with a laudaiory 
inscription in St. John's Church, Chwilw, 

Perpetuates his memory-. Henflri'rrmarripd. 
'ali»n»!r pnblishod ' Di-rotions fur the Sacra- 
ment of the Laird's Supper, by a Lavmnn,' 
London, UHQ; ifnd ed. l(98,«ro. if- rvad 
in I'iM before the S'^nety of Antinuorie^ it 
paper in vindicut ion of the accuracy of Pliny's 
3e*criptionofth.? temple of Din naftt.Fiih.-mi*, 
which was piihli;'bi.'«l in 1794 under imt rilla 
'(JbHeri'atiousoul'iiny'saccouiit of the Temple 
of Diana at F.phosu*,' in * ArcHirolcipin .' x'l, 
1 21. .\ wurli by himoniillwl'Cbrij'iii'l.-Kli'i " 
Tables, lieginnin^wilh tlie Hcifjn of Solumo 
and ending with the Dvath of AU'UindiT iIm 
nn-at,'«pi>rurril nlOifortl in 17'.W, 4lo. H 
alfio li'ft materiaU for an edition <i( •Sirn) 
which formed th» b*«is of llw wlit ion broujrb' 
out in 1^)071)7 hi^ nephew, the Rer. Thotnoi 
Falconer, M-D-Tiv. J Tie wnsnlwit hi' author 
of an ' Odo to Sleep, t^e date of pubUcntii 
of which is uncertain. 

[Thomax Fal«>n«r's{tililio;cr*pl>y of th« Wri 
in^of lh« Fnleoner l-'amily, with bio^phi 
outiwa; OrnMnal'ii Oh*«kire, i. 9}1 ; L^'l-tii 
AnnaSoward. iii. It;.] 3- M. R. 

PALOOKER, THOMAS, M.D. (1773^ 
183^), daiwioal schohir. eon of WiUimn Fal 
coner(q.T.], M,D..F.H,S,,orB(iih.hyHenH.; 
etto, daughtvr ol' Thuinaii iMimtuids of Wt 



I 



Falconer 



<63 



Falconer 



¥ 



bortngh TXail, Yorlmhire, wm born on 24 D«c. 
177^, and educnti.il «l thfl c«tb«drnl scJion!, 
(lii>tilf.r, iho frnuumnr school, Itarli. t1>p high 
BchogI, Manchester, tbt^kin^'a school, C'hesier, 
and Corpus t!Kri»t i Cnllcgor, Oxfonl. Hr wiw 
a prwDctoua hoj, and itomt; «r liif. Ttrsi-a wery 

fiiblifili(->i in 'Proluaiones i'oetiae,* t.'hcsl«r, 
7t^. TliL- mni' yt'ar ho wu» I'lt'Ctt-d lu a 
Acholar«hipalC(irpiu('hmti('»ll<%^, (Ixfiird, 
wht^rc he eradiiat^ II.A. in 1701, and took 
the MA. (1-i;ivi.' uiiil a fellowship in 179-!j. 
After taking holy onli-r* hi> »[M*nt some y-Ar* 
at Edintnirsn .'^tudving inrdinim^ \Ip. took 
hn M.K. itnii MI), .Vj^iv^* Ml OxfoTtI in 18:^2. 
He iwfTtrpnicliiitHl tnt><liciiie, nor, t^xcfjU for 
a «1iOrt tiiiit> HA locum teneii_i, did h«> <ln sd^^ 
ordinary clerical duty. Up was, bowt-vor, 
■elMt pTvncher befon.' tliv miivvriiiy of Ox- 
ford nn BTvml ocfMuiotLS Ai>d be was I{anii>- 
loii lectwrvT in ISIO- A voriuly of works, uf 
"Wbii'h an exact liat i* apinmded, wen- 1\m 
fruil of h!« Icisuiv. IId died at Bath un 
)fl Keh. IWB». VahniDBr iDarritid l-'ninci>'i«, 
<fauisbl<>riif Unittenani-onloiD'l Rolx-rt Raili, 
Iw vbuni hn hod 'imiw, besides oae Boa and 
(BfM daagbtAn who di(>d in liu lifetime, 
(nor sons who surrived him, viz. Thomas 
{{[. T.], AVilliam [q. r.], Alexander IV". 
*ud Rondltt Wilhntliaiu [a. vj 

FaleoniT nuhliahed: !. 'Tlje Voyape of 
llanno, inuixIaloJ and B4-coin|]iinied with lh>.i 
Grrek text and diseHrtatioiiK,' Oxfonl, IT'.i", 
e%'o. ^. ' Tlin ReeuiTBCtion of oiir Saviour 
owcrtoititHl from an Ksuminati'in of t\w 
Proofs of ihe ld*>ntin-of liiiChamctpr after 
llisl K«-ni,' Hath, lf9"<, Hvo. 3. 'The Toc- 
sin; oranAppeol to Good Sctd-v^, bribe Itcv. 
U Dutww.' tmnalflled, Jtc. I^mfon, 17518, 
**To. 4. ' lU'iiiarlcK on some PoAiiaefB in Mr 
Bryom'a Publicjilions rMpoctin^o; the War of 
Tt(it/ London, I7mt, Hvo, 6. 'Si. LukvV 
I'reiiBtv to hi4 Goep^l «xaniinf!d witli nfet- 
vnc* to Mr, ManliV hTputb(.-Hi»r>mii<ctinKthe 
origin of ib« tlin-eOfai GoafM^ht.' Biith, IHlf, 
*T(i. 't. ' A lyjlUT to tbfi llev. It. Warner 
rra|i«ctinft his t^ernmnim Wnr/Oxfonl. |lH04. 
«v<'. 7. • Difrcourw on tht' Mi-o^tiri' of ihe 
OlymiurSiniliiirii '< thf> Joint work ofbinMlf 
•ntJ hia fathiir, npjM-udi.ti'T to thf IttttiTV Imn*- 
lation of Arriiin * * IVn(iIiw"), Oxford, 1^05. 
8. 'StnlKniiK lt<*ritiD Gcofrrophicftnim tibri 
xvii-.Orww (-1 UntiK-.'&c. OxfiiM. l>07,fol. 
Thi- w-.irl\M.. li.'.-don inotfriBl-H l.-ft bjhis 
"11 U-jiK-r il73S-I"vf2) [q. v.] 

Til 'tt.iillivH^ni'oi'Ti through thv 

pjVM Uy l>r. i'arwuM, )/Lhb(ii> (if IVfi'rlioronsrh, 
(^!iM l>v Ilalliwell 




}\n--\ Ibw' 



n(liTlOol£tOC»tUIi|F"t»> ' 

r* 'Coniinuiiicalion ' 

■■" of Com mi' re c : 

. .rlvd in thv a^ , 



pondis t.o Dr. Vinoent's edition of Arriau'i ■ 
'F«riplii»,' 1807. 10. 'A Semioa i^rMohod 
hefon'thftUnivtT*iIjrofOiford,'Oxford,I810, 
4to. 11, 'CeriaiB Priociplea in KTuiiaon'a 
" iFisMtuinci- of the four generally rwcxfirad 
Eisugelistd," &c. exuminod in eight dia>^ 
countts dflivertd bt-funs lh« (iiiiv<:!>rsitv of 
Ciford ut tha lecture founded bv the Ilev. 
J. l(sro|.tim,' ()»ford, ISH, 8vo.' \J. Ke- 
view of the Fcisncb troiisUlJon of Strabo 
{'Quiirturly Itcviow," May 1811). \a. Two 
letters to tUf. ttlitor of th« 'Gentleman's 
MogumK) ' ufton the articlefl in thti* Edin- 
burgh l{('vi.!w' relating to the Oxford 
'Strabo,' July 1809 and April 1610 ('Gent. 
Moff.' 1H09, pt. ii. »*>3. 1810, pt. ii. ±.'7), pub- 
li«hed«eparutc1y,0.xford,l8ll.Mro. 14. 'A 
Sermon upon the Folly and Criminality of 
aitL'mpts to Search into Futurity,' Dxlord, 
HI3, 8vo. 1^. 'Au /Vosuo Sermon upon 
Uatbii, their \ntun% Obligalion», and lullu- 
ouw,' Oxford. 1H13, 8vn. 16. 'Ouilintw of 
a Hun fur Ituilding tw«ntj-five Churches 
and Cha|)elA'(in the' I'ampnlRl^-tfr.'vol. vi.), 
Hfm, Svo. 17. * A Sermon upon tbeTem|>- 
tation and IleauTrection of our Lord, preached 
boforo the Universiir of Oxford,' OxforJ, 
1817, Kro. 18. • Thf" Omc of liusebiua ex- 
amined,' Oxford, IWIt*. «vo. 19. A funnral 
»«tmon, Oxfoni, 1621, yvo. it), 'The Ah- 
iiurd HyiHitliv^ia that EuAibiu^ of CiExarea, 
Itiibop aud Historian, w n» on ICdilor or Cor- 
rupter of iha Holy Scriptures ; In a second 
fMirt, of thr Cw* </i' KuwhiuB,' Oxford, \i<-J3, 
8vn. 21. 'The Cotiags Ijind Worki^r," lloih, 
1(*30, 8vo. Falconer al»o contributed nulvit 
fin tht' Pftalms to Warner's edition of the 
Book of Common Prayer. Ub left in manu- 
script a translation of Strabo, aft to which W« 
FaLCONBB, WlLUAB (1801 ls8o), 

[rhorana Pnlrooer'* Bibli'Jt^pby U'f tho Writ- 
ing* of tlio Ptikonar Family, trith biofraphiuiU 
n(iti<Ki; GoaL Ma),'., acw Mr. (I83!)l, m>. 8241, 
43.5; Brit. Mm. C«i.I i. U. R. 

FALCONER, THOMAS (lSOo-1882), 
county court judg*'. second Hun of the Rev. 
Tliomos Falconer, M.U., of Italh ( 1 772-1839) 
[(]. v.], by hia wife Frances, daughter of 1 Jeu- 
tennnt-cid'mrl Hobi-rt lEailt nfthti 2nd regi- 
mi^nt, a grcot^ianiison of William Falconer, 
recorderof Ch«tcr, Hewoa bomon2<5 Junu 
ISOo, and having been admitted a member of 
Lincoln'^ Inn on laNov. 1 823, wag calliil to 
(he bar on 8 Feb, IK3U. Falconer pmctisw! 
a^ an equity draftsman and conteyauixT.and 
from lH.'t7 to 1840 held the post <if reviMRg 
Imrrisfer for tlw bomu^'b s of l-'insbury, Tow.-r 
lIamlet>i,Bnd Mnryli:buni:<. Hxmibsetjucutly 
RtKtnt mon- llian two jeara in travlling 
tlirougb Nurtti America, nituzoiog to Eiig- 



Falconer 



164 



Falconer 



loiid in DonMnbcr 1K42. In lHhO hv was 
ftppoinUil by tliv goviTMor-geneml and tbe 
coiiiicil (>f Canadft arbitrator on behalf of 
that prorinm f[>rth<<purp<i)icof dciemiiuia^ 
thv wuminriu* Imtwmin ('an&da aud New 
Bniiifrwirk. On 29 July 1^')1 hu wiiu noini* 
Iiatiid coloninl "(.■crwlnry of WbhHtu Aua- 
traliA.liiil re.iifiiin^ thiii Kppoinlnx^nt.lie woa 
Kijpoinled bv Lord-chfliici*lIyr Truro judifv of 
tu<< county courts i>f OlHrnur^jtinkhirt! and 
BroooiLihin and of lln^ diolrirt of liliaradcr 
onSSDee. ]^1. Aftersittingoii tlwlK-ncIifor 
thirty TMrs he retired in Pcn-nib^'rlftfiliand 
died St Uiilh on 28 Aug. IK8l', in thesu^-einy- 
cig}gth year a( his af(fi. Falconer vraa a labo- 
riauD warkcT, a stnimdi Liberal, and nn ener- 
gt'tic •t[>[ii>ni>nt iifabiU6i. lie wa«ftmcmber 
of Aereml learned BocietiM. and wiis a tra- 
veller of much fxpiTionw- H« coiitrihnted 
enme ortirleii to tiip ' Wesiminsler Review ' 
and the 'Colonial MBpuim','n-aBthvnnthi.ir 
of soTcral hooka, and of a vary luge noniber 
of pamplilets. 

Tlie follow-in]? is A liM of liJs more im- 
portant works : 1. 'The History, Opinioas, 



(anon.), London, \^R4, 8vo. Some puaagM 
of tbifl work were writti-n hy other hantln, 
2. 'Ca*.'* of Controvfirted Elpctiona, detcr- 
KUDcd in Cominittww of iliv Itmw of Com- 
mona, in tbo Socond Pnrliament of tho 
Keign of (^iieen \'icloria,' hv ThomaA Fal- 
eoaerand I-^dward 11. KitidiThtrrt, I^ndon, 
1830,8vo. 3. 'On tUi' l>iscovt'ry of the Mi»- 
aJMtiniit, nnd on tht- South- Wwutu Orp(ron 
and Narth-WBHtum lioniidary of iJut UaiT cd 
Stat49e, with a Iran^lntiou from tliM original 
manuscript of Memoirs, &c., rvlntJn^ to the 
diKxiVKfT of thp MiKt'i)^«il>^i,' by Kuburt 
CamliiTdi! la 8iil!« and the Ulievalter Hi»«ry 
(le Tonty, London, li?i4, 12ina 4. 'Thu 
Ore{[on(^iiMlioii,'liondmi, 184/i,8vo; nnothtTr 
edition, New York, 18-15; second edition, 
London, iy4r>, 8vo. 5. • On Probate Courts." 
London, 1850. Svo, fi. 'On .Sumamea and 
th« RuJea of Law affectinR their Cluuig*',' 
Cardiff, 1^2, 13tco,privnttOy printed; second 
edition, wilb addittoiui, I/tiidon, If'ii-J, 9vo. 
7. 'Supplement to an Eaaftv on 8iirnan»M, 
and tho Rules of Law afi'evtiiif; llieir Change, 
with Coimncnl* on the fip<*che(» di-lirrn'd in 
th^- Hnu«p of Commons by Sir n. Grey, Itart., 
and the Solicit'Or-G»'ncnxl,' London, ]S*iii, 
Hvo. 8. * LL« of County Conrt Judpw;' 
' Note OD tba Abolition of certain Frnnchis« 
Gaok,' London, 1866, 8vo, privately printixl, 
0. 'On County Courta, Local Courts of K<»- 
cord, and on tlte Chun^-8 proposed to lie 
mode in euvU Cuurt« in the Sseoad BcfKirt 



of tiuf. Jndicature ConuuiK^ionera,' London, 
1873, 6vo. 

[Faloooer'e List of Oouaty Court Jodgta, p. 8 ; 
FaleoMf's Kbliogiaphy of tb« Wntiagu at U10 
Kuleouer Fiunilv, pp. 20.30 ; Debrc^t'* Huui« of 
Commons and tho Jvdiciul iteoch. IS£1, p. 391 ; 
Vilkina'a Bistory orMerthyrTydAl (I8(ir). pp, 
353-7; Uw Tiun. liiiii. 315-16; Mcrtliy 
Kspnu, 2 S«pt. IS82, p 6 ; Jllu'lnti^l I»i)Hti: 
tieiht. Hi Sept. 1882. wb«rc n ponmit nf KnI 
iruncr wilt b« found; Liaooln'a Inn Kv^invrs; 
Brii. Mux. Cat.] 0. ¥. K. B. 

FALCONER, Wn.LIAM (173i>-17(»J 

Kiet, was born 11 Feb. 17:W (C'jiKBLTHfc-iw) 
is father was a poor barber in Edinburjeb 
A brotlier and aislvr wen- deaf and d'tmbi 
the sister was Uviu); in ihe Ib^yal Int 
in Edinburgh in 1801. Falconer appears t< 
havo had an (-nrly lasln for literature, whiell 
WW ebecked by a ' freexing blaat of udveroity' 
(*•« dMcriptton of ' Anon' in miptrrtrl 
canto I). He joined a moTchsnt niiip nt l^ill 
Jle waa afterwards Berrani, aceordinn 
Currio (Bums, 1801, ii. i^S). to Arrhibalj 
Campbell (Jl. 1767) [q. v.l, then purser 01 
a man-of-war, who^uKover^d and encou 
hi^ lilvmjy taat«e. H« hecaau! si-cond matl 
to a ahip in the Levant trade, vrbich wa 
vrecked on a Toyage from Aluandria tt 
Venice, when only thn-* of tbw crew wvrv 
sared. In ITftl he published a poem on the 
death of Frederick, prince of Wales— which 
is nbOMt M good on the »nbj**t rttjnitvis. He 
contributed a fuw powna to tbe ' Gentleman's 
Magazine,' and Clarke go tan aa, on vrr>' flight 
grounds, that ho wroCa Clu) popular song 
'Cea»e, rude lloreoal' generally utinbiitcd 
toGtmrgv Alaxander Stewns ^l-v.] [u 17tl:? 
bo publiabod Ilia chief p>K'nj,tlM.''Shipwn.<«k.' 
founded on hiflnwn experience and dedicated 
to ih^ Duko of York, then rear-admiral. Tho 
duke adviaed him to enter the royal nnvy, 
where there would be opporiunitie>i for pa- 
tronage. He was rated oa a michthipinanon 
SirK. Haw lie's .^hip the RiyaJOeorge. ^\'beu 
the duke sailed with Sir Charlea llarrly in 
XoTcmbor 1762. Falconer celebrated the aiut- 

ficiouaevent tDanod<',accordingto hia friend 
[unter. 'composed in a small space beiwe 
the cable ticra and the shipV »ide.' 11 
duke is elahoratelv compared to ■ .Vlcmena'd 
warlike Bon,' tearing hitnaelf from plou^iin' 
to wvk virtue. Tlie Koyal Oi.-orgv wna pkH 
offnnlliepf-aceof liKt, andFah-oncrbeciunaJ 
purser of the Glory friEWte. He aoim aftoi 
wards marrie^l Mi».^ Hickit, dniighliTT of tl 
auiseon of Sheemtu yard. The Qlory 
laid lip in ordinary at Chatham, and Co 
missioner llanway, brother of Junaa, I 
captain's culiiu httetl up as a study 
Uvvtary punwr. Uere^ui 1764. bt* wrol 



if 

I 



Falconer 



»6s 



Falconer 



P 






* Panaropiip,* & political »«tJr«, atlAcking 
Witki^, riiiircUiir, aiid ix>n] Ciinlluun, nnd 
sbnwiog' much IovbUt and aome power of 
ril iippntiun. Id I'tST Iw vo! iippoinUH) 

tiir-i'r in ilie Swift«iire. In 1760 lu» pul>- 
»tit:'i 'The Uoiveral Manoe Dictionaiy.' a 
tioolc well spokrii of, in wbicti 'rctrcAl' u 
described ss a l-'reiich miuKUUvre, ' not pro- 
perly a term of rhit> Ilhtiah aiarine.' Tnen 
w»rc Uicr (.■<Iitions in 17il, 1784, 1815, and 
^BiVX, H^ (Lit liuif Kaluouer ii Mid lo have 
bcm liviox in poverty in London, thotuli 
l}]« datm vibi* upp<;iulmvaU Hwrn lo luply 
tliat 111- cannot have bi?ifii lonir iiiiftinnlortX]. 
Cbalmen conlmdicta upim amTiority'^ larke'fl 
AtAliinu^t llinl 1i<^ liati 'n itnall T>itlnnc« for 
writing in lKb "<'ritjr«l Rf^vic^w," Ilnniil- 
ton, lh« proprietor of the Itarii""-, received 
liim bo^pitabW, )>iit did not employ him lui 
a MritcE. Id I7(^ Jolin Murrav, the first 
puHiAher of thi> ntkm«, was starting in busi- 
oen hy tbe pnrciia^- of Saudby'^ book«vlliii8 
tite/f apposite St. Diimtan's Church. IJe 
oflered a partnership in his Fnu-rnrii>e to 
Falconer in a leLti-r djiti-d Ii[ ihx. iTttH (in 
Nlt'iioLA, Lit. Anted, iii, 7^0). The ofler 
wrm" to jirore that Kalfonor wan (avonmbly 
Iniown to piiblishprfl. Hfi dini'linwl it,f>ppa- 
n^ni ly incnnMqHiiiceof an otfiT of the puri*r- 
altipof the Aiipori frifjnro, which wa« nboiit 
loiake Measra.Vanfiillan.Scrafion, and Ford 
to India as supcrriaor* of tho company's af- 
fiiin. Kaloner was |mimiaed thu iHy:n<'tary- 
afaip. He tatlM in tli« Aiironi 20 Si'itt. l7t5!J. 
An«r tuuchinir ut tlw Cujw the (<hip wiw lo«t. 
Clarkn luf utioDK l>ui dtiilH*ti«v«a a repoK that 
ithn wuA burnt bv an at-ndenC eaiued by the 
ailpwnisttrV pn»)iinn for ' liot Biijipcni.' The 
A priori pirtbiiliiiit.v of «uc.b a ciitiintr'iiibe in 
•mall, he t binkd, and b certainly not sumcient 
to mmmand aMwnt in tlieabiioaca of all direct 
■oatimoDT. Falconer's widow di«I 20 March 
17M( and wa» buried at Weston, near llnlh 
iNtitmmd QutrifA,Ut ttf>T.ii\.lMi2\ Codoll, 
|]m novru'tor of the 'Marine Hictionary,' 
•uppUadhcr librtally.cTen after the'expira- 
tion of the a*Mal period yf copvri({lit.' 

A third p'lttion of the ' Shipwroclt ' was 
imparcd by Fak-onvr ju!>l Iwrorv his dcpar- 
IVt*. I' rontainM many alli-nkliotis, nlitch 
(1- 1 the prcfiMrc to have been hU 

I' li Clartw, who thiukx Ibom iiyu- 

rinii'^.ik'rrjiiuteA thom U' MnlU't.who di>^in 
17tVi. It n-adujd an eleventh edit ton in \>f02, 
and ha* ^inco >tppc-itrpd soparaloly and in 
many coUeclion*. Falconer's 'Sbipwrwck' 
n^eublea ukmI uf thu ilidactiu poi^nu of tite 
timu, and ii uiark'-d bv tlu.> eouvi-ntionnlity 
OOBtmOO to them all. Hut it dMuirve* a rath<^r 
aimplinoal positiun fn>in i he ohvioiis Adellir 
imihlHuchlw haa paint«dfroin naturv; anil 



though hia UMof t«hnical nautical tf-rmi ta 
puab^ even to oetentation, the effect of uaing 
thn Inn^ia^ of real life is oft«n exceUeaV| 
and is in niarlied coucra-st to the common- 
placmiof cliHAtL-nl imitation which maice other 
P&ssag«A vapid and unintvrvstiug. In ihia 
tvspect th« poem made aoma mark, and Fal- 
coner had certainly considanibla powers of 
fluent wnificution. 

CJarki! dii4Crihe« Falconer aa fit** ft<et seven 
incbes in height, slight in frame, weather- 
beaten, and pnck-RinrKod. Hia mannem wer» 
' blunt, nwkwanl, and forliiilrlin^;' he talked, 
rapidly and incisii'^ly; be waacheerful, kindly, J 
and a f;naA comrade, and seemn to have b«Ul>| 
a th'oroueh teaman, with all the eharaot 
tic« of hiM profeeaion. His education had 
tweu coolinud to Enf^lish and a littlu arith- 
metio; but he underitood French, Spanish, 
Italian, and ' vvaa Ocnuan.' 

[Lirr* pnflxcd to a^iliuiu of 'Shipwreck:' 
anonymoiTA ib IS03: by Jamen Stjinii-r OI.»rke 
[ii. v.j tn 1S04; by Aloiani^rr Olmlnon in 
' Kiwluih Poutii,' Tol. «i».. 1810; by R. C^rru- 
tilers in llit>8 ; and litn in Ddvid Irrint:'* ' IJtm 
of ScQt.iiili [«icj Aulhon,' 1801. Cliirki) U«'! infor* 
matiuu from I'uk'oacrV friend, ■JuicfuorHuiiicr.] 

L. S. 

FALCONER, WILLIAM, Ml). (1744- 

IS:J4l,mi«'pllaneoU3writ«r,waAboTnatCh« 
ler oa ^3 Ffb. 1T-H,lbe vonnfpjr of two bup«' 
viving w>n* of William Falconir of i be Inner 
Teaiple, recorder ufCheHter, by marriage with 
hia seojud cousin, Klizabvth, dauf^ht^^r of 
ICundlu Wilbmham of 'rowttiH!nd,neiir Nant- 
wieh,('liesbire. lleatuditfd uedicineal Kdm- 
bur?h,whi;n;hi.'lci)ktbt'dvf^-cof.M.I).inl700 
{DinArrlatio .Mptiii^a Janvyunilit, ' Do Nt 

S'iiidii Vera,'8vo, I'^dinbur^h, 17G(J). Front) 
inburffb ho wgiit to Lyydt'n, when; ho at- 
t«md«>d tJm b'ctiire.i uf (taubinii and AlbiniM, 
proTMiliiig M.D. tliere un 2t( May I7<t7 ( iHdex 
•'/ f^/IfK SlmlrnlA, Index Soc- p. 'AX). He 
had been pn><viniLtty admitted an extra-licen- 
tiateoftheCoUeK^of Pbysicianaon iS^lnrch 
1767. In tho same year h«* wiw appointud 
physician to the Chealer In&rmary, Afltrr 
attaining lo good practice in C'h>pat4.'r, Fal- 
convr, al the au^tfvetiun of J>r. John Fother- 
gill [ij.v.J.n-movMl to Bath in January 1770, 
wh)>n< be was equally successful. Onlt^Mitruii 
1773 bt" V*ftm.. F.it.a t)B 12 May 1784 ho 
was .'Ipctrtl physii'tan to the Bath (tenvrol 
ItrispilttI, an Appoinlmeiit which h« rKtBiae«i| 
until ID Feb. IMH, Mr Am\ at hi« house iaj 
the Circus, liatb, on 'A\ Auk- 1^24, and wa»j 
buried at Wtuiton. nuaf thai city. Ilia wife, 
Hi-nrii'ila, duuk'hter of Thonias Edmnnda of 
WDmbroMKh llall, Yorksltiro, had died on 
10 Sopl. Ik03. He left a mn, Thomaa Fal- 
coner, MJ). (1772-18:)l)), who i» leparalelj 



Falconer 



166 



Falconer 



Dotio^ii, Ut5 portrait by J>ani«lwaj engraved 
by J. Fitllcr. 

Faleoui'ri Kttwnmputs Be « Kclioliir ftud a 
itliy»ii^i>in WW* of ili* btf^biMt order. lie wm 
intiinab.' wilh Dr. Parr, who procurcil from 
thcCwinbrkitfi' t'nivirrailv Pnw* thr piilili<%- 
tion of hia ' MiHelUneous Trartfi,' t7!>.'l, «nd 
who wroto of btm in bis ' [{^marks on tliu 
RtAtcment nf I>r. Combs,' pp. "1-6:*, an *« 
man whose kngvlcdge is Timnuv and |mi- 
founH, and whose di»criniinBtioDii upon nil 
t4i])io.'( of lit^'mliirp nro rc-Hdv, vipomiii», tint} 
comprehpiiBive.' In bin will Varr referred to 
him in most fluttrrinfrtrmi.'. Edmund Burke 
iu]drv!>«e(J n Ii>tt«r to Knlcoiicr, dutvd 14 Nov. 
] TiK), thanking bim 'for the tempprale, judi- 
eiouf, aud n-afjuKbh' ptipi-r 'ou ibe FrtnL'h 
r*vohitiou] which Hppi-nrfir in thi- Bath 

rrinis HoiBL' litno eincf.' In liWO Charles 
>tin«t(-r imu'rilx-d lohim bin TVinKidwrntioiiw 
on Millon's I'^arly HeaiUnp,' Iwsidi^ mentinii- 
in^; him in hi> line!< on Jltirdhnm, written in 
May 1801. Kslconcr was a frMurnt contri- 
butor to the transBciioDB of various learned 
nocidiM. His separate writin^^s are as fol- 
low*: I. 'An Kma^ oa the Hnth Waiun in 
four parts, eontainrntf aprefatury latrodnc- 
tion on the Study of )iineral Waters in pene- 
m],* I?iiio, iWthm, 1770; 2nd mljt. 1772. 
Thin, bid 6rst work, was dedicated to Dr. John 
iMjtlifTjjil]. 2. * OhpiTvatiniw on Dr. Cad o- 
Iran's Dissertation on the (1 nut and fillChrouic 
Piwawa,' 8VO, I/ondon, 177!^ ; ^nd t-dil., wiili 
additions, Pvo, Bath, 1772. 3. 'An Cuiay 
on the Bath Wuters : on their External Uae. 
In two Paris, T. f>n Warm Itathinpinpene- 
ni. II. On the Kxternol Vm of the Bntli 
Waters,' Svo [Bath:-], 1774. 4. 'Obnerva- 
tions and Kxpfrimcnts on the Poison of Cop- 
per,' Sro, l»ndon, 1774. 5. ' .'Vn l->m' on 
the Wiitpr rommonly i!s«l in Uict nt Jlaih,' 
I2ioo, Ivoiidoii, 1776, 6, 'E.^ueriments and 
Obeerrations, in three parttt— .1. t)n ihp dig- 
wlv*.<nt |".iwcr of water impriTcnatcd with 
fixible air, o»inpftn-<l with Kinipje Mfster, r^ 
latirely to medicinal su)»tanceH. II. Od the 
di«inht*nt power of wnter, imprvgns'^d with 
fixiblo air, on the UrinBrrCoinilii*. III. On 
the anliseTitic power ol water impregiiatiyl 
with lisikic air,' *<•., Pvo, London, 1776. 
7- ' Obeervalionw on »t)nif vf the Articles of 
I>iet and IWfrimcn usually recommended to 
\'ali!tudiiiaristiVl-in<'>,Londan,177fi. 8.' Rfv 
marks on th« InftuPucM of C'limnte, . . . Na- 
ture of Food, and Wav of Life, on . . . Man- 
kind,' 4ti), Ixindnii, li)i\. It was translated 
into German, i). *An .Awoimt of (he Intii 
Epi'!.-itiuT ('ntarrhal Fever, comraonly called 
the Inlliienrn, a.<) it appcan-d nt Bath' in . . . 
May and June 1781'.' 10. ' .\ IH^-rtalioo on 
the Influence of (be Tauians upon Diaordera 



of tht) Body,* 8vo, London, 1788. To ihia 
eMay waa ai^ndgvd tho first Fothenrillka 
voldmedal. Sovural editions were pubnghttd, 
the third in iL'iuo, J7y<J. 11. ' An tZasay oi» 
the Preservation of the Ht-altb of Porsona 
emplowd in AgricHiture, and on the ( 'un- of 
the nWosea incident to that way of Life,' 
8rn, Bath, 1769. I^rst printed in the foarlU 
volume of the 'Letters an<l Papera'of the 
Bath and West of England Agricultural So- 
ciety. It was aNo printt-d in vol. iv. 4.'{0-f»2(> 
nf lir.AlMftndi'rHunter's'GeorpicalFAiwyfl.* 
8ro, 1?:I0:^4. An Italian veraion was puii- 
li»hod in London, the third edition in ^%-iv 
1794. 12. ' A brief Account of the newly 
discovered Water at Middle Uill, n>*ar Box 
in Wiltuhir.',' ^vo, ^ri^Q. 13. ' An .\ccoiint 
nf ihe Ktlicacy iif thti .<\oua M-fphitiru .M- 
halina in Calculous Disorders,' itc, 'in\ i«dil. 
Hvo. London, 17Wl; 4lli e<Ut., wilh nddilion*, 
l»vn, London, I7(t2; filheiiit. 17ffS. Tranh- 
lated into Italian, and published at Venice* 
in liW). 14. 'A Practical Diweirtnlion on 
the Modieinal Etl'wts of the Bath Wner».' 
8vo. Bath, I7M0; 2nd edit., with addition*, 
6vo, Bath, 1708 ; Srd Lxlit., with eonsidorable 
additinna respecting the ' Use of the Water* 
in Hip Cases, 8vo. Bath, ll»07. 15. 'Mieeel- 
laneotiM Tract* and Collrcliona nlalinfr to 
XatumI ni.itoiT. selecle*! from the piincjpal 
writers of nntiq^uity on that subje«t,' Ho, 
Cambridge, 17W1. Ifi, * .\a Awount of ill* 
Use, Apphcation, and Succqim of the Bath 
Waters m Bh>-uma1ie Cas4.'s,'8vo, Baih, 170&. 
17. ' Ob*ervaiion* retcpeeting the Pulie, in- 
tended to point out . . . till- indieationAwhich 
ii stenifiea, evpMiially in feverinh ct>m|ilaintfi,* 
8vo, l^niidon, 1700. Transliitm! intiiUunnan, 
Hvo, Ijeifi'iff, 17M7. 18. *An Kssay on the 
Plagtiv: aW a SkLich of a Plan of Inti'mul 
Polipe.'Rvo, L-indoii, IROI. lit. 'Anl'Ixami- 
natiunitfDr, llebtTden'sObservation'on th« 
Ini-rea»i» and IVcri-sw' of diifen-nl Diwawi*, 
and particularly the Pla^ni'V f'vn. Bnth, I f*02. , 
20. An Anconnt of the Kpidemical Catarrliat 
Fever, oommonlv called the Inflm'nn, on it . 
appeared at I^th in tin? Winter and Spring 
of, . ,1803.' Bcprintcd at p. 26a of Tbomiw 
»<jn's 'Aunalvof Influ«nta'(i?vdeuham Hot;^ ' 
8vo. l/mdon, IS.^2). 21. ' Alti-monstrat 
addressed to the K(!V. Richard Warner on tl 
*ul>)twt of hi* Fiwl Hfnmm' [afpiiii.it war] 
Svn, Rath, 1S(M, publi.ihed anonymouslrJ 
22. *A Diss '•rtut ion tm the Iscbias: or tna 
!)iva.<k«of lh>> Hip Jotnt,comaonlvcan«la' 
Hip C^ase, and on ilic itse of tho Datli Waters 
ai a Uemt'^y in Ibis Complaint,' 8vo, London. 
ISO.*;. To tM*i istaay tho Medical Society of 
London awarded its silrer medal (Affwofnt 
of Meti. Soc. Lmd. vi. 174 J. 23. • Arriao'a 
Voyage round tlui Etucine S«a, tranalatad.- 




Falconer 



<fi7 



Falconet 



•ad ftOMiniMnied with & Ofxi^mphioal Din- 
mnition and ilnne. To which ore added 
Hxree 1 H*conr«o.V «c fi-diwd hv Tiiomns Fal- 
coner, M-lt.], 4to. Oxford. leOG. 'Ji. 'Ol>- 
■ervB Lions on thci Words wbicU tiic- Coot ur ion 
uUm<d oL ihu CniciOxitn of utir Ltrrd. Ilj 
a LayniHii,' tivo, Oxford, IHOH. 'iTi. • DiHwrttt- 
timi tm St. Paul's \'>}VKgG from Ch^mu«& to 
PuteoU; on tlw! Wind EurcK'lvdun: and ud 
th« ApMlI*^'* Sliipwri^Jt OH i\w Ijtl&nd of 
Melita. Hv a Layman," Sv«, Oxford. 1817. 
Tbp eroond Mitiim, wtlli sililttiiitinl noti.^ liy 
hLs^randwii, Thomas Falcouar lll^-18ft2) 
[u.v.].Mvo,L<.mdon, 11^70, (."ontainB a very com- 
(£•!« Li«t of Falconer's »qiamti.- writinfpt, w 
wifUutllOMCOnlribHtedtoMriiilpiiblioKtionf, 
an enUMenaent of a Het which had appeared 
in tho'dvaUi'man'sMaijaziuu' fur Novvmbor 
IWo (now »er. xsiv. 470-2). l-'alwirifr also 
wrote an * A|ipfiidix' for Dr. Motthi'w D»l>- 
win'e •.M'-diml LVmnw-nlarv on Fim-il Air,'. 
Sto, 1/1*7. Hlh 'Thnii^its on the Stvlo and 
Tule of Oardenintr aiiioofc th<:- AnrientA,' in 
the •TmnniioliotiM' of ilw^ Manchwtfr-r Lil*- 
rsry and l'hilo«oiihical S&cieiy (i. ^7)) was 
nnlBri^Lvl and tmhlifthrd ik'paralclv. ' ATolilo 
of ihi.' On'»k Same* of PinuH^' drawn up by 
bun w tit Iw found in v. <Vn'-7!) of Or. Alan- 
•nderHun[L'r'»'(jL'orBiculKiway.«/^i''*i^S03- 
IHW. 

[ThontM VAlcttTua't Biiil. and Bia([. of Iha 
FaJeooar Family, pp. 9-la. 19; MudIl'k Ct>ll. of 
Pli^r*- (18TK)- )■ U7K.^(t; Oent. Uim. *nl. xcir. 
|it,(i,!l7't~6j Eraiw'oCal.of GngraTvilPurtraitJi, 
ii. J«t.] O. G. 

FAliCOITER, W^II.LfAM flSOI-lJWB). 
truutlalor of ' Straho,' cld^^t M>n of tho Kvv. 
Tbotna. FaI(vii.T, M.U. {l77l'-lK«t) [q. v.], 
hv rrnnci-s, only child of Lieut en ant -colonel 
Uoh<'rt ICnilt, wa^ bom at Coretoii. Suniur* 
artebirp, on 'J7 I'l-c. IWH, and li[iiiti«-il (hrrf 
on L'! July IW>1>. On K) Dpc. Hli' he ina- 
iricuUlivJ from Orirl C«>ll<v?, Oxford, nod 
havinc taken a third chias in clas^icN and a 
flr^t clwH in innllit'itiiilica cmdnatMl IJ.A, in 
_1HS3, and i>roc.-o<l.-il M.A. in lHi*7. Tl^^was 

ptrd a iVtf-iin fellow of K\rtvr Collev^ 

.til Junf in thai year, and was mat finina* 
Ileal t'xaminrr in tlw uniViT'itv in 1H.'W— J. 
and Mf^iit in IH.'U!-><. In IKtll li<> np<'ncd the 
Peln-iin I'lllnu Aiiin al E»*itt*r Colli-gi' tvi na- 
ti\rx iif rii''"liir«' fiv riinvt'vinjf SBiuall innn- 
pfin>al hr'niliumi'ni to Ixinl Petm for that 
iiiirpoDo. I lip ''•}|lHe>_' preHnlt^l him, 2*t .Tan. 
1H.11*, lo th'- r.-<toi-v of JhishtV, HrrtforiJ- 
•Uin-, whm- tin- tilhea had Uvii comiuitn-d 

7(1W. I'Ar'i •■ ' ' ind Illhi'orEkbe. 

dir-d m I " Frb. IMi. He 

ri«il in . - 1 ,i - .. ., ■iiiiiifJitri- of J. Uo- 

h,and widow of W, S, Poiipiat; ebe 
at Si .Mu«*i, iwar I'imoja, 7 Feb. 1889. 




Falconer la known as anu of the translaUHm^ 
of * TTiv Gvography of Si rabo.' literally trans- 
lal^, with nnt^a. The Br^t six books br 
II. C lUmilloa, and the ruraainder by W'. 
Faloonrr, with a coinpl^'to index, appean-d in 
'Bolin'ii Clasaical Library,' lHi>-J-tJ-7, three 
volumes. Tho text of 'Slrabo' had been 
edited in 1807 by biii fathfr, and llioDua-j 
Fnlamur, M.H. [q. v.], had nt*o unparcd m ' 
iTatislBtion the maDuacript of whicb was used i 
by his Hun. 

[Fal Conor's Bibliography of tha Faloomr 
Fainitj. tSSG, pp. li. 31; Boom's lUgiater of 
Exfter Collfge, p. 120- Timen, 19 Vtb. I88d,| 
p. 7.] G. C. B. 

FALOONET, FKTKR [I'lKltRE ETI- 
ENNE] (1741-1791), porUall-painier. bocii, 
in Paris in 174l,wnKM.inof Klicnnc Maitrinal 
Falconet, tht- t'lnintmt sculptor of the lainong 
flame of I'eter th^ Great at 8t. Peten»biir]j{. 
Ilii first studtee wew probabiy in tlw Frent-h 
Acaduniy, but hig father, who was on terms of 
|M<nional friendship with 8ir Josliua Keynolda^ 
sent his mn to Kntdiiiid to work under tt 
painler'n direttion. He rame lo Londoo'' 
abiHit 176(1, in which yuar liu obtnined aprt^ 
miutn of I went V guineas for n |Ktintiug' tn 
chiaronciiroj in 176S he caimd another 
twenty-six Riiinofi* fur mi hiKl/>riral comjHwi-* 
lion. He was a member of the Inrorpomt*d 
Socioty of Artista, and contributed to their 
eixhibi'f ions from I7il7 to I7".'t,ando<^cn*ion- 
bIIt Io the lloynl Academy, mostly portraits. 
Falconet is best known in Kn^land bv a S«S.J 
of portrailH of •'minonl artixts, drawni in rr»4 
lil(> in bburkleatl, with a slight tint of colonr 
on tho cheeks ; these wero engraved in tlis 
dotte<! manner by I). P. PariwI, and alsoj 
by R- lEeading. Thev ootnprUe portraiUQ 
of Sir William Cbamwrs, Francis Cotoi^ 
Joshua Kirt>v, Fm:)rL'4 llaymaii, Jeremiah 
Mf-yfT, Oxiii* Humpliry, George Stublw, Beo- 
iiimin Weit. Jamen I^io", llu' nrchil^ictj 
V. W. Byhind, Paul .Sandhy, Sir Joahwa 
Ri>vitoldii (the likeneAs is atte^itett brXnTtb- 
cote), and othiM?, Many of hi* other por- 
traits wc*n> i-itgraved, among them bi'inf^ 
Horace Walpote, the Rev. J^imea Oran^i 
(fnmt ispitvj to hiD * Riugraphical Hi»tory 'm 
Vinr-'unt Ximehatn, the Ear! mid t'oiint« 
of Mart-hraont and lhjjir¥oii,l>inl Pulwnrth, 
Hngb,iJiilt«iifXoribiimlit!rIand,rhri.*tinnVn 
of Di^nmark, nil engraved by 1>. P. Pariset s 
l'JliEab«th, eniinttus of Harcoitrl, Klixabelb|J 
connto*«of Ani'nim, Mrs. Green and hari 
and oihera entrrnved in meiiotint by V«I« 
tint- Green; olUern Wt-ro pngravMl by HiIh' 
bert, J. "Watson, Dixon, OabricI .Smith, and 
J. F. Baune. There is a small engravin;;, 
Irom a design by Falcnnei. rvpruwmting tba 
interior of nia father's studio. He also ea- 



'aSBSSsxiJOE^JSm 



.^E. 



Faldo 



168 



Faldo 



([rat'tt liim^r some df'Mjfns of F. Boucber. | 
Home time after 1773 Fnk'onrt rulunnx.! To 
Pnncv, and mnrrin) Marie Annu (Vtll'it, Itifl 
fatiier'a aaastani-, an<l bers«lf a sculptur of 
some emin'-'DCv. Hv r»rilinurd l» prurli^ 
paintinjT. and diH in 1701. Ilin dau^ter, 
Midame Jaiil:owitx, Iwquo&tJied h col)i>ctiuu 
of his work* to lh(r Mutitiira at Nnnrj, com- 
prieiti); nortnuUi of himxelf anil frunilT. pjc- 
tUTM, ar«wing«, A:c., besidm sniii>> pliulvr 
busts br his irifi^ including ont! nf I'almnet 
himKlf. Two of the portraits mentwinwl 
sbov», TIB. thoa? of Sir W. Chambers anil 
FauL Hnndb^, aiv aiuuiiR ihv druwii^rt 111 
the print room at Ibe Hritish Muaeum. He 
decomtod a duocet.' ti-m)ilu for Lady de Grvy 
nt Wrv»1. in Hi^dffinUliirH. 

rttfdgravn* Hict. of ArttBia; Brpui'a Diet, 
of Painian and EDunivvr^ - Oaz«tt« ill's Bcwu- 
Arta, AagvM ISftl) i I)<id't'» mitiiascripr. HiiiUiry of 
Engliah Engmvcra ; Cbaluucr f^mitli's Britiali . 
Mwnotinto Portraits ;CMt*li>KUM or the Society of 
Anii4a(ADdardQn), prim room, British Mamum: 
infurrimttoo ffOai ibe dirootar of Um Kuwani at 
Naacy.] L. C. 

FALDO, Jul! X (16:13-1600), noocon- ' 
fortnii^l' minister, i<i said to baru been tidu- 
CBl.i.'d nt Cfflinbriilgi', and to Iinvi- In^n a 
chaplain in th? armr, so llmt hu lif^ld no 
beneBcv when tlu' Act of I'tiifonHity ljwami« 
law. III l(t73 h» in df>acrihed as 'a nnn- 
oonformiug ministj^r at Barm't,' but in UJ84 
waachoscn pastor of rbccongrejrniinn at lla.1- 
t«rera' Hall, Addle Street, Alderman bwiy, 
London. Hero he romnintirl till hiii dt-atli. 
In 1C7-1 iu) puhliittiod ' Quakerium no C'liris- 
tianily. Clearly and nbundautly proved, mil 
af till.' writinf^ of tlii-lr Chinf l^^adunt. Witli 
a Key. for ibi- utidi.'r«Uiudiii|: tAeir ^Hit^u 
of their many r.Eurp^d, and Unintelligiblo 
Words and Phruoc*, to mo^t lU'ndvre.' Tlio 
book wa-t ill tJire« pftrta, thp tbird heinff en- 
titled 'An Kxaminutiun of the First Part 
of W. Tiai'n Pnnitililrt cnlWl Thit Spirit of 
Tnilb: with a K«I>uke of hU ExorbiiaiiL'SK.' 
TTiia waa at ooce answ^rwl by Penn in a 
tract call'-d 'Qiiak*>mm a X.'W Nick-Nftmo 
for Old Christianity. Iicing an Answer to 
a Book, Entitnlod, QnakiMi.'im No Chriati- 
anity : tub»cnl>fd bv J. Faldo. In which th« 
Ria^., IJiictrine and Practice of tlio Abused 
Qunkflfg an? Truly. Bridly uud Fully litf 
clarvd and Vindiratiul from thir Kal'w'Chiii'Ki-*, 
Wicked la'ii 11 nations and uimoft Dppnjiitinn 
made by tbal Advernary, Hy om? of tliem, 
and A SiilTrrer with thi'm in all tln'ir SutFi^r- 
in^, William Pi-nn.' Tlu> BriliE-U Musoiim 
copy of this tract is dated HJ7"J, nppnn-iitly 
a misprint for 107.1. Fnldo, still m 1*17^, 
aiuweri'd l\-nn in 'A VinJtcalionof "QuakiT- 
iunnoCbrietianitj/'JkCfa^nfltthL'Turyrain 



attempts of W. Pen, in bis prateiideil an- 
swer: with «outi rumarkiillu pa8«agi» out of j 
tbc Quahera' Church Itegiatry, wban-iu ihfirj 
nuar approach to Popaiy and iht'ir bold blaa- 

tiu^iiiy IK nbundantlv niniiifiut : ' lo which, in 
d73 again, Penn replied by •Tho Inralidity 
of .lohn Fnldo'a Vindication of his Hooti, &c. 
TnTwo Part*. Br W. Penn. who Ixtvn not 
Contniverav for ConlroversyV Sake,' Penn 
Ktntrit lit tbin tract that Faldo t<x>k up tb« 
suhifict 'diti^9ied at thf cominft^ over of aoino 
of bis hearera to the way we profess,' <*» 
thpapppnranrPof'TlioInTali«lity,'to!., Faldo 
w;ni iViin a priiiiod clmlk-nift' U> cnga^v in a 
puhlir dispiiU', whicti I'eim refused by letter, 
ob«•.•^^'i^|^, ' fur lliy lellur. it is civiL I wiitl) 
all IlivimK-ivliirfhadfrruliii HOinon': I hue, 
and hIuiII at any tiuit; c<>i]vei]it!nt, embrace a 
itfiln'r <l>)irii)uiioti of principled of r<dif{)on; 
for truly I aim at nothing mort? than truth's 
triumph, thouj^b in my own abasement;' 
hut Faldo WAS dltjih-awd with thn answer. 
and Diiblished in 1 074 ' A Curb to W, Penu'a 
Conndfiioi'.' to which Peun retort«d with 
' William PenuV lb-turn lo John Faldo'* Kr- 
i>l V, called A Curb for William Pfeau'a Con- 
naractf, &e^, writ in Defence of hia Answer 
to John Kaldo'a l*rint«tl ('Jmll"np'.' After 
thia Faldo HM«mbled a comjunT of tiranty- 
(i]inli>amaddiTtiH«, whosubficrilK-d Ion com* 
mendfltoTT epiatle which woa tiuu<'<l with a 
second edition of Faldo's ori(rinal work. 'Qua- 
kerism no Chrirtionity.' This appcnreil inl 
1*37 '1| and wn(< at once answered by Penii in 
'A Jit«t Ki'buk'- to One and Twenty Loarowl 
and Itevi-rciid Divinca (*o inll'-d I. Bi-iug an 
.\nswer to an Abusive iMiialle o^itisl ibt- 
Pi-Opic called QuakLTS.* 'Tlio Gual tract uf , 
Ihi; cotitruversy was Faldo's anfwcr io iiiiiA 
which appealed in Iti75, i-ntitled. 'XXt I)i-. 
vinat (wnoee namea are hervimdi^r allii^Ml) 
(dAnt>Nioftheniijuil rrimitiati'indof W. IVnu 
in his pn'tcnded " Jii*t Rebuke" for their 
Kpi«lle to a btxtk entituled " t^it«JnTi«m no 
Cliriaiionity."' Throiifthowt tb.' contPOTtriyJ 
Faldo is extremely abusive and nfVeD CoafK-,^ 
but ho shows a mora amiable mi1<> of lii« Hia- 
racter in a volume ptiblisbQd is Itwr, riillwl 
' A r)iscours« of the Goapcl of Pcat!o, and of J 
the Oovcmmciit of our own Spiritn. Bvingf 
the substance of Divers Sermon.-i, from Kphes 
vi. \o and Prov. xvi. 33.' Tliia i» iIcdiDutet 
to Lady Clinton, to whooofnraily Faldo nivi 
to have acted as chaplain. Faldn * was of ilit 
(^n|?rpg!il ionnl judjrmeot in the laltiir partj 
of hiii life, and noiM for hU raofhTatinn.' He 
di<^ ou 7 Feb. 1^1, of the stoue. and wi 
buried at Ibiiihill Kiihlf. where thfrc i» 
Latin iuKript ion u^^on bin tomb. Ilis funeral 
Kriuon was p^.'uc1lHl by the Tier. John Quic 
and afterwanlH pubtlaliod. It aanrU ' ' 



Fale 



169 



Falkner 



IDBk 




did uutb Lo lii:al the brottch betwMtti pnwlij- 
teriuiAUid iodepmilents, bat g:ivM no bio- 
gni]dtical factit cxiTvpt ttic olxH'n-Hiion that 
* Kuch B {wst^ir aa Mr. Falrin in fnrly yet&n a 
niakinii.' 1b I*^ tbi^re wim publislied the 
ftoVAQU^nth ediiKinril Jt^rfMnMli l>jrk«'s'T)ie 
WorthfCQinmunicant: or a Traattse shoring 
tb ft d(u> l_>rdt;r ol' ltcc«;iviDK the Sncninn-Kt 
the Ia)MV Hupper.' ■bndlff>>il mw! miriplt*- 

_iil*<l l>v J'alJo »o u to bring lli« Ixiok 

wttliin tfio reach of the poor.' 

pTifi. u'^ Ilul. of ibo DiMipntinft ChurrliM, 
S. iv •ml r'i»lni<ir> Ntvni-nnfomiijit'* 

Ml liS; A CalWtinn tif i)ic Workxof 

Wii; >iat i"'-!!!!. i;2«. i. 45: Tliomiui Clarkwo's 
Matnfiir* nf ttin Pulilic and PrintU I^ff r>f Wil- 
Pnno. )H19, rh. ix.] R. IC. 

'ALE, TIIUMAS (/. IB04), tnalJima- 
ttdau, tuatriouUl'-il ae a elsarof CaiuH Col- 
lege, ('nm)iri<Igt\ in Xovrinber 1578, nrmoviMl 
tu Cnrpu:^ ninsti Collegn in 15^, went out 
B.A. in l'V4i'-S, comminK^ MA. in Ii'iSd, 
pMcecdnl RD. in in»7, and in 1604 ha'l a 
lifrnf" bvm theuuiverBilytopractiitoplivsic. 
ttU only known ntiblicalion it onlitlc'cl ' IIo- 
rolo(rii>gntphift. ilio Art of Dialling: t«ach- 
inj; MR i-aAU' ami perfM^t way to make all kiiida 
nf ninU vniiu any (ibkino Plat hovritotiitr 

SUcwl: V\itb thv ilrawini; of tho Twelu« 
ianoa, and Hourea r»Muall in ilmm all. 
WhcrnutiKi i» anni-xM] tfin makiii); and vxn 
of other T>iaU and Instnimfnis, when-hy the 
biiunt of Iha dnr find ni^'lit in kri(jwc. Uf 
fiwu'iall v.*e and dilijrht not nn^ly for Sm- 
(]«nte of i.ho .\ns MntWmalicsll, but bIbd for 
fliwiT* Artilict-r*. Architects Siinwyfliif* nf 
buildings {Kt'-MnrOtm, Saylore, and others.' 
4lo, l<on(l'>n, li'iWJ (other edition* api-eared 
U) Ui'.'i! iind Ulol'l. It Liid«)tL-at«d in Lutin 
trt aU loifreofmutltfimilic* in thpunivemiiy 
of Clambriili/n. I'ltfTv ta aUrt a prefatory IcIIlt 
tn 'my louing Lin«mau,' Thumaa (>>burm-, 
who hwl iuvrnti-il tbi-iiuttruawatmi^ntioncd 
m the beginning of thu book * for (1m.> triall 
of pint*,* dntnd from Ijiinilijn, S Jan. IfiHrt. 
Thn taliti' of situ^ii which ii LMnLains is pm- 
ImUv Iht' (tarli^ot F|wc)nii<n of a trigonom^ 
tncikl lahlo ptintc^l in Eogiand. 

(Cwpwr'a AlIifiiK- C^nlnbr. ii. 396; NoU* and 
ria^ Snd «*r. iv. 3H2.] 0. 0. 

LRLAKD, Vtsconm. fSea Cast, 
Sir ]li;KnT, fin-r Vtwoctrr, rf. 11(33; and 

FALKLAND, KUZABETII. Vi»- 

CnlTrfBw. [.S.f tinder C*BT, Sir Hkvut.] 

FALKNEK, .^ih FAXUAUn (law- 
I7HJ. [S«« I-'awk»:xcii.] 



FALKNER, JOHN. 

Jons, I'i77 -Ifit'ifi,] 



[S« Fai-coseb, 



FALKNER, TltOMAS (1707-17ftl>, 

jiMLiit miiasiunar^-, «on of ThnmM Falkner, 
npothi^cary, wan bom at Mancheeter on 6 t>ct. 
I /07,nnd oducati'd at thi' Manobualer gnun- 
mitr snbnnl. Iti^ .itudi^ medJmne under Dr. 
Jtichanl Mi*ad,and,aAi>r prnct iaing 84 aeur- 
grtyn at home, went nut an nnre^oii on board 
the Ainiento, a slavb ditp, belonging to the 
Sooth Sea Company. lU Miled to the 
Guinea coaat of Auiea about 1731 , and iIkqca 
to Btienott AyrM, wburu hv full danfceroualr 
ill. The jesuila tbore tpenit>d him with suca 
ho«pitulity and kinduvse that Lu rv^olvvd lo 
cliangi-hin n-ligirtn.-whir-b iititaid lobave haen 
pre^byt^rian, and became a candidati? forad- 
iniiuirin into th>> Hocielv <>f Jir«U!i>. IIh woa 
duty n>n>iv<'d in May 17^:2, and aftoTwards 
nx-nt thirl T-eiffhr yeani as a mLsiiioniiTy, at 
first in rarngiiny and Tucnmnn, and ihen, 
frum 1740, uuoii); tUi' nsiivo tribes nf SoutU 
Ajni'riL'o. between Itio d>> tu Plata ftnd Magel- 
lan'* Siniil, reiidvrini,' cunvpicnouii service to 
his order. Ilia skill in nitdioine and Bnrgory 
and hia kuowk-dgc of tDcchitnin< iiidvd uini 
malnriiiUy in bin lidMtm. In Pam;(\iay he 
VAH lonk(>d upon as n fJalen. In January 
170.'*, on the fximleton of iho jwiuilH from 
South Atnmrn, in- rf'turnMl Mi Knglnnd, and 
fvr a while stayed with friends in Lancaaliirw 
(ind I'Wwheri'. He juimd tlm Kngli^h pm- 
vinco of the Sociucy of Josus about 1771, and 
«ct«d as clmplain BUco^saivelv to Rj)b«rt, 
l{«r1(Dli:y tl'LS 1801) [ii- v.] ai SpeloUey 
I'ark, nrar Wotci>*l«r, to the Ueringtona at 
Winsluyin Flsr'jfordi'htrc. ond tbe rlowdauB 
Hi I'lowdcn Hiili, i?hr;piiLin'. Hu died at 
Plriwden Hiill on ^lU.lnu. 1784. agi-d 77. 

llu Dppc<ar§ to have left till? following woHa 
in iTinniinrripl, but tbi>ir whrrnahoitt^ is un- 
racordod: I. ' Voluniinn duo de Anatomo 
c-iirpin'is hnniani,i}U^]iliirinii sunt pr«tii apud 
artts ncrilos.' 2. ' Ilotnnical, Mint'ral, and 
likeOwervationsontheProJuctHof America,' 
folio, -1 vols. 3. ' A Troatiau oo Ammcan 
Distemper* curvd by Amerioati Drug*).' A 
compilation from his paperfl. made by William 
C'ouibc [(). v.], wae puldiKbcMl at llvr>.-ford in 
1774 (Ito, 144 pogntl, entitli-d 'A Ifcttcrip- 
Iton of Patagonia and the adjoining parte 
of Bouth Ami'ricn, Ac' In th*' opinion of 
the n*v. Jofipjih Ilnringlrtn [q. v.] this work 
would have been 'iin amusinif and interesting 
porformanoc ' if Falkner had born allowi<d to 
tell bis st'try in his ownway, but 'the whole 
spirit of lli>- oriffinal' wa««xtniet«d by tho 
compiler. It fxruui, noreiThaloM, a Taluablo 
nicord'iroljtervalinuhin a hithttHo compam- 
tirely unknown countrjr. A Qennan tbtrioii 



'~ - 



by iCwaltl wns publUluxl in 177^, twol'reiich 
tTOiulationsciim^out in 17H0,Biifl & Spanifii 
on* in 1835. Otbw tmoslations or tbtidg- 
menls Lave appeared in Oennan and Spuu&b 
collwlions of tiBTclfl. 

Pvnnnnl had iteveral ooavvtMlionB witb 
Falkner, and WTotu a paper mititlpd ' Of the 
Patafipniiinn. FotoibcI from tlw IMiilio" of 
FbiIkt Fnlkpncr, a Jraiiir, ,Vc.,' which was 
prini'^d at the jiriTSlfl presa of (ieorgfi Allan 
of l)iirliu);toii in 178H, and rfprintwl in the 
appendix lo I'ennniii'ii * LiiiTary \Me,' i'OR. 

[Olivet's C(.ll*eliiji« «, J, tSiS. p. 8?; Gil- 
low's Bill. DicL of EiiKliidi Othuiioi. 1886, ii. 
224 ; VoUty* iUcwifs ^. J. \f. 4«3, t. BAS. »li. 
243; lEoofor'ti Noiivf<lle Hiog. 04b^I«, ISM. 
xunii. 60 ; Molhairs EogUtJi id South ^Vmerica, 
18(8. pp. 79-86; Ueckw'a Bil>I. dot Ecrirains 
<1» In Coinp. da Jiras, 18M. i. 20* ; lleun'i 
jVlp)uktxitit»l RqpMvr »f Authur^i, 1791, p. \il ; 
MoDtldjr Itev. 1774. It. 409; Tho Moi)lJi.JaDO 
1888, p^ 220; nxtmH* fmtii Mam-.hcs'tflr Church 
rcgiiUvn fornwheU hy Mr. Jwlin Owtc] 

C. W. S. 

FALKNER, WriJJASI, UJ*. (</.16t«), 
divine, recfiived ha education at I'eterbnu**?, 
0(imbridj[p,'wlu'n>ketrrHduHt»d B.A.iiil(!ri2, 
M.A.in ll«fl.and 1>.U in llWO. Onl'.IJulT' 
Itf7l> he was coUal«d bv the IJisbop of Ely to 
tlw.' r('Ctors-ofnicm»ff>rd, Suffolk (.^l■/rf(f.Af& 
iW77,f.S-2St>). II« was aUo lown ureaoher 
at tho chapel of St. Nichohiit, Kinp's Lynn, 
wlicr** hu (Red oa U April 16Si. llv hit* wifo 
KuMn,daughl«rof'nioRiHa Greene, tnerchanr 
mi aldemuin of ]<rnn (who died on SO Atit;. 
IflflO^ be had iieveriil childrvn. 

He was n man of cxtcnHirc hwming, und a 
wtaunch c]tMin[itr>ii nf thi-dinrchuf Kn^laiid. 
HiswArknare; 1. ' Liherta!>Eci-lpjtiaAiira,OT 
a Dificuunv vindicating thi' Lawfulnust of 
lhniit-thinKMwhidtan-chit-llyi-ti'4-|il4>(la^rnin«l 
in thn Church of England.' 2nd edit. I»nd. 
lll"4. Hvn; 3rd pdit. liJ77 ; 4ih edit 111(43. 
2, 'Cliristian l/oyBhy; oradi»courst'whi>Tcin 
is aRwrted the jtiiit royal nuthorily and emi- 
nency which in iJiis I'hiir^'h and Itcalni of 
Ennland ih yielded to the Kinjt, Totiother 
with the diMlniEaing nil fon?ign juriadiclion, 
and tho uohiwfulnvuof 8iil>jtxU« tnkiitK aruiK 
flirainiit Ibe Kin^,' London, 11179, Hvo: 'Jad 
edit. HJ84. 3. 'A Vindication of the I.itur- 
ffip*, flirwinftllii' I.Awfiilnf*ji, I'tn'fiilniiv.nnd 
Antiijuity m perfonninf; the public wonhin 
of Ood by set fonus of praypr,' l,ondon, llWO. 
8to- Thi* was in reply to John CoUincM* 
* Keasouabtr- Accoiinl why miofi piouii Non- 
eonforminf; Ministcra in K upland judge it oin- 
ful forthftn (o prrfonn thdr miuietvrial act<t 
ID puhlick solemn prayer, by tlie preacrilwd 
fonoea of uthorit.' Collin(;c« published a n^- 
joiadar to Falkner'a n-ply in Itol. 4. *Twu 



IVeatiaea. Tho Itnt conoeniinB RepToacbiflg' 
and Cetuurw. Tlw imound, an Ajun'cr to 
Mr. Seiieant'a Sunvfooiing. To which am 
anneaod throe Pennons pivacbed oa eavenl 
occaniono, and ■very n»Mid for tliMe timc«,' 
2 parts, London, 16^ 4to. Prefixed ia the 
ni I thor'a port mil, en graved byJ.Slurt. 'n»«i« 
po6tliuaii)UR trcatiKwi were cdi(«d and dr^- 
caled to the Arcbbishoj) of Canterlmnr liy 
William Shorlock, who iuiy.4 that to Falancr 
liti owL-d all tho knuwledgv hu poeMasod. 

[Adilit. MH. 6S89. r lA; M«ckin*U')t Hiat. of 
Kiii|!'a Lrat). p. 135; Qnujeur'E Biog, RitL if 
England(l82l).r.49;S7ltratcr'HLifrof BaxtoT. 
ill. 108; Oat. of Printed Bodu in Brit. Mas.; 
Cam«brisiMiH«On(diiati(1787}, p. 139.1 '^- ^ 

FALLE, PirrUP (lUStt-iy^a), lusto- 
riiin of Jvrvry, watt boni in tlus pariak nf Su 
t^viour in Ji-raey in 1(>66, nf a good yeoinau 
Stock. The uamu occurs in local records as 
farluu'U as l.mi. Iln wan Ihf- •■Idmt of four 
bmthe.ra, two nf whom were killed in battle, 
bod one, as a rvward for service in the navy, 
wun appoint^ lir^ licuU-nant of thi- Hamp- 
ton Court. Sent to Koglaud at avert' early 
«ge,liewaA(.'ducaIed,tir6t at a school kept by IL 
Tranxvl vniiian in (treat QriitiH St nnit, l<undoa. 
anilttrternariL-. hy one Mr.IJHlj^aroout Oxford, 
In th<- winter of I liOD he wa:^ entered al Kxutor 
Coll^'K'-', wlierrbiiiL tutor wim Dr. Manli, aft^-r- 
wards archbishop of 1>iiblin; and on Marali 
becomine principal of .Vlbtin Hall, t'nlle nii- 
ffr)>tMthiini'r,aitdtlit>r('}midnAtedM.A.lii76, 
lie was ordained deacon oy Italiib BriJi'oake, 
bit)hi:ip of Chiclwdtcr, in the fotlowiiiL' yi-*r, 
and priest in Ifi'O by Dr. Carleton, wuci had 
BUi^ce«ded to the see. In 17^i he wiii> pre- 
«nt^d bj- Kir John l^nier, then povcmor of 
.lirmev.tu the living of Tnnitypari»li in that 
isUnJ. The stipend was only aome 4(V. jwr 
auniuu: but FaIlobadinLariteda8miiilu<Jtat« 
lirtheik-athof hi* fathiT. Heiilwo uuderlr 
the care of the garrison, which wae th'in will 
out s chaplain. In US'*? I.onl Jflrmj-n, wlii> 
bad «ic(VH>diiI l.anittr in tho gf>vorTiinem,lo.ik 
Falle bnck toKnglnnd aetntor tohisnnty Honi 
and in that occupation hprrmain<-d nil ihroiifrll 
■ he revolution, Itvinff for the inont part at 
Kviskni'jk, i^rd .lermvn's country seat, near 

Bury :<l. E^lmunds. 'in ]U«» b^ '■■ 1 

In Ji-rocy. and wii» (ran-^lali^ lo " 
ofhis native parish of St.Savi<iiir. .'»;.,..,,., 
the battle of Iji ilopie had V""H founht, nr 
tllr French navy, no longer alile to Uw-p 
aether as sgnintt that of Knt;lnnd, beci 
dispcr*«<l, and hi^rhlv fomiidnlil« in cruti 
mill mariliiw! depre'lations. The States < 
Jeroev, to which I'atle belon^e*] ct (i/ftcio, luu 
alam, and rewlved to make a 8trott|f pcnmi: 
.api>wil to William in to beap««k hi« pr ' 



Unn. Tnkiny wiib him Mr. IKin,-lI. tlie ad- 
vi)c«lL-<)0^tier&l of tile i&likiid. Faile proct'tdL-d 

(ti F<.'b. Ul^; to WAlt Ul'OU bi» IDBJCM)' «l 

Ki-iwitiKlon Aid»l by jHtnivn, ftm! favour- 

alilyrtf-'^iv'-d 1)y tlii'act>)niplie)ii.-dI>orw.'t, tht> 

(ItOcvaU'Ji hmitiiiMfl to jKJint mil (in tlio wordu 

of the (uMrrss, dnifti>d. it i« said, bv F«IleJ 

'the mischvef nnd dAiitrcr threatcniaftyoiir 

rvttlin» ■hiMilit tll(^ Krcncli IwcninA nuutms nf 

tliu luid t he ndjaJDini; t.nlaiidR.' Ttifl commit 

sonerfMwin to havel'av<>iirablyimpreMedtli« 

aoreniimand ih<M« iVpari nxriM oirhc public 

Mcvior Wfore wliich ihey were miccessively 

MrmitT«d to Apjk^'ar. Not content, with ihiit, 

raUOito Arongtliiii hit ciuto with lliu public. 

iHiolvod to pra&ce a brief histnricnl work 

Betting fort li the pulscrvicof nuJ futurvpfM- 

Bibilitif-niif .I>T«--y. 'Hrn* tli'-n/hr Kayn.'ftii 

boawt Eciil tVtr my native couditt suir^ted 

ftlw> U)uuf(Iit of doiriK s/inietliini; tlint mi^ht 

' piKie ns in a. niw )ii;1n, mniove pn'judi<^>'H, 

nnd r*ciiiy inifla|irr'"h'?nfiion». For, though 

w« Btond secure of niA MAJestyV fnvouriiDdof 

I- tbB good opinion of tliv couri, it uM>m«d very 

T dettinbte to tuive the body of the iintion come 

tnio thp MU&u Kntiinontit, and nut hv tincon- 

ciratilHt what Mould liwmnoitf ii»,' TliMfinit 

'AccoHtii of JpTBey'apprared in 16!)4, in which 

%p*x thi' Kilt hnr WAS Bp)Kiintt>c1 Hiniilniii tot ho 

Itinii, nnd in i.hAt canacifv pn<«chM a iKmnon 

upon tiiiwn Marys deiili {Ht Upc. lUtW). 

About ihft iwmfl linw- KbIIc odin-il n hiMonr 

of tlie campai^ of linden by his friend and 

I c«llp>a|^r tnc ItfV. Mr. KnnroivTii', n«lor of 

8t. Hrvlailr. In Juntiary 1700 I-'jiUd boeame 

I ■ (■rtilM>ndarv'>f Iliirliutu. In l7UUbere«igiied 

huJrrmy rw'lor»hi]), having; biwn collated to 

'Iho valuftblv iM-nfliiVf iirsht-ulcy, noarBarnfft. 

InliHShecdnlribiilt'daiiaWfiuntof theChan- 

' n«l Islnnds to I{iEhi>p Gibsou's Inuislntion uf 

Oamdi'n'n ' Hritatiniu,' utd in 17-14 bnm^hl 

[out an I'Spandfd tdition of his ' History of 

iJvrMtv' In 17S*i iir- prmi^ted to his ffllow- 

Waii')-t.- hi* ronrciir>n of booltft. IVinjT 

tly Bii^[inpnt«id bv a aintilar act. of 

nil the part of Canon Duman-flq 

■ <</. lnt>'j), lhi> benefaction ha!> iTTitdunlly tla- 

[vfhiprd iulo a hiiv'i* librar}', for vhii^b thf^ 

jl^tam haw pr)vid<^d a suitablu building in 

I the town of St. IlelitT. Til.- librarv i« free 

ofaixfi^s williiml Hiilrw-ripti'iri or other pny- 

ttiani. F«II« diivl ni Shtttili.y, 7 .Ifny 1 142, 

irinfT never mfirriwl. His principal work 

ba^'-il nil niuit^nnUdprived from hie friend 

biit l-'alli?-Cnn»')t he fftiHy fnm- 

' iho nsn made of the loalter vhicli 

; r ', Hie dlvle, iniloed, is 

riiHD;but htAnarTntivt'i»> 

.; . .. .I'lliiiia. nnrdivK hi'iilnayt 

ion imjwrtant '!Miiil#,evetiwh>'nhi'mus( 

luiown of thr-in Crura vyo-witnetww. 



Falie publiehvKl n fww eertnons, and ' Aecount 
of the Islo of JerMy, the (fre«l6Mt of tbaae 
Ulniidii (liat are now the only i>>ai£iDder of 
the Knu'liah Dominiona in France, with & 
new and lu^umtc map of that lalund,' 1094. 
[Wnod'i Alhi.-nv(BliM). ir. dOt : Le Nera's 
FiiAtt, iii. SOI; Life by V- Ihiretl prcRx«d M 
Ar-connt of tbo InU of Ji)r>«y, IS37; enmma* 
bicatioiw fmni B. "M. Godfray of Rmut OolL 
OxfonI, nq., HHil from tlin Rot. Henry J. Ketr- 
como. Aleo Douzi^uin BnUeiia uf tho SociM 
JemUK. St. [lelii-r. 1K87.] U. G. K. 

FALLOWS, TKAUON (I789-l»yi), as- 
tronomer, was bniit at Cockeinnoiith inCun>- 
licrlaud on 4 .luly ITHt*. llrousht up to hi* 
fttttn-r'n tniiJt? of weavingr, he devotM from 
childliood t'Vl'r^' sparu moment to Etudy.aiid 
a Rinth'imklii'nl Iviok w».'> hi* (Xiniitaiit rom- 
panion at the loom. The Rev. 11. A. Her- 
vey, virar of RridekJrk, to whrnn hin fnth'^r 
acttxl ns pnrvsJi cK-rk, nblainod htn appoint- 
ment as aMistant lo Mr. Temple, lK>ad-master 
of Plumbland school. After TrmplfV death 
in 1806 he wa^ enabled, by tliu patruou^ of 
iiomegentlemenoffortune, to entiT St. John's 
Collect', Camhrid^t*, whence hv |!;nihiuted as 
thini wrangler in IHl.'t.SirJ. Hursehel [q. v.] 
hrin^ first, rii' held n mnthLmatical leciure- 
eliii> in C'orpop" Chrijitt Unllnffii fur two VMtm, 
and wa» then elert<^ to a fellowship in St. 
John's, lie prf>ceeded M.A. in MUi. 

On i(i Oft, Ifiit^l he wnt* niadft dirprtor of 
an o&ironoimcal obwrTalorr, eetablisbvd b^ 
n rosoliitlou of tbo cominiis*ii>nr-rs of longi- 
tud<.i &l lh>- ('«Mi uf (jood Hope. He aaijeil 
on 4 B(«y 18J1, accompanied by hLs newly 
married wlfu, tho oldest daughter of Mr.Hc^* 
vi;v, htn fiiniHT patron, (hi Inudinu hr- choM 
B site within liire." mik-A of Cape Town, pre- 
lunxl planii for thf fiitun? obsL-rvatory. and 
Ex-giin til eotiiiiniri nni[.p[in.ixiinati)ralalofpte 
of the chief aoiithmi stars with th« aid of a 
diminulivv transit, by IlolJoiid, awl an indif- 
forcnt nltaximiith by Kamuli'n. 'I1h! n'ltults 
were pre*e»ted tot he l!oval Society on 'iBPeb. 
l'*2l ns '.V Catalopiic of nearly all the Prin- 
cipal lMXt\l Stamli'lwwn (he reiiithofCapo 
Town, Tape of Good Hone, and ihe Sloutb 
I'olc. n.-ducvd to the ht of Jan. lt(:.'4 ' (/'AiV. 
rrnn*. exiv. 4ri7). Thi- collectiim includea 
273 Bton, ih>- original ubftenatioas of wbldi 
aw pp,»«i-rvei| at Orecnwich, 

In July 1^''34 Fallowii liad to diamisa his 
nRsislani, and was left alone until Documbar 
)f'Jl\, when Cflptiiin Iton^darrir^ fMmRnff- 
lajid^hnii^iiig with him tliepermauenl iiutru- 
uieiit« aud the ollieial sanct ion of his df«i|^na 
for th(> obeerx'slory. Th« work wax now at 
oiiO) bi*i;ni"> Fallows tiring in a tent on the 
•pot. Thfi itistrnmentii were fixed in their 
places early in 181». Tbv transit by DoUood 



Fallows 



17* 



Fancourt 



{iTftv<xl tatUtactnrr, hut thp Hftfecta of the 
muml circle occasioQed Fallows bittvrdimiH 
pointment. TlicdqArtureof Cftptain Ronnld 
loOctoberl&WwasKKTere blow, and but for 
llir devotion of i{n. FaltowD. who qUAliBiKl 
licraelf lo iict tuf his awtnuit, bv would liave 
been forced lodiKoutinue liia ohaervat ioiw. 
Hi«OWT] hfislt h had bouu shaken hy n Miiut nike 
»ot>n afler his Arrival, and waa liually wrecked 
by a cLiHgcniuit Aitack of acarlatiaa in the 
middk' uf 11*30. Inciirablu dru|)»y tut in, hut 
he *lill Mrtiggii'd lo jji^rfunn his duticH, and 
diiriiiK llie early jrart of 1831 wns carried 
ditilv in a ltlunk«>t from his nicli-riHim li> th^ 
ol)^'niiinry. Tviwnnls th*" mul of March lia 
\c%n removed lo .Simon"* Itnv, when-- be died 
on:i-».TiilTlN'i!, .\ ^lab o'f bhkck Hohbeu- 
island eiono marks his grovw (ippo»ile th« 
ohscn-atory. He wua elected n fellow of tbe 
Koval Siwic'ly in 1823. 

Fallowfl's »i'teQt iS(! attatnmenta were made 
aoro eflt-eUTc by the seal, honesty, mid cletvr 
gnoil *•-»»•! of hill cliAracti'r. LuLlor^ iililt 
exist at the admiralty in which ho urged 
this pnyinenl to his father of m portion of liiit 
Hnlnry nf litKV, f?cvoral chihlivn wpre bora 
to hiiu al ihc Cupe, hut nun<! survived kim. 
He lef^ UL-nrly lour thouMind ottwrvniionA, 
which wiTi- rfduci-d under iho supervision of 
Sir Georgp Airy, and [)ubUshed ot the cx- 
peiutD of UiD aJmirftliy u *K(«ulu of tli« 
OhiwrTiitiiinii inadii hy llie Il«»v. Fearon Fal- 
lows al the Roynl Ofa-er^-nlorr. Capt* of Good 
Ho|M',inlln" y<.'Jir« IS29-!)!.' Tlirtv funn part 
of the ninetei>nth vnluma of the Royal As- 
tronomicul Socii<t.y'B ' Mijmoiri",' umi im-Indrt 
a oniftlo(fue of -liifi slurs, bwides ob*wrvntions 
on the nun, moon, planets, nnd the coraot of 
1B3(> An iiccoimt of « curioim hirainoux nt*. 
|)eaninc<t seen by him on 2J< X»v. IS2I in the 
naiiis dark part of the moon where similar 
effort)! had previously boen wittie**«l by 
others, waji laid before the Iloval Society on 
28 Feb. \H->-> {PAH. Tran/. cxii. 237 >, and 
tiift 'Ob<<>'r\ft[ion8 mado with lh« Invuriahle 
Pendiiiuro for the rmri»o«' of IWi-rnjininu 
theCompmasionoftueKurlh'on 18 Feb. 1830 
(ii^. cxx. Ifh*!}. Th'< "Uiiitiritv ibslticml waH 
=~j. In the ' Qtiarlerly .loumnl of Science " 
he published ' An .Account of some I'nrheliB 
Keen ar the C^ipc nf Good Ilopf ' fxvi. 3tlA, 
1833^ and 'An Fify Methot! of f'omnarin^ 
th« Time indicated hy nnv number of Chro- 
nomctera with the given riinv nl a ctTtain 
atation ' (xvii. liU), lft»4). 

|Monthty Noliw*. ii, IftS; Airr'a HtNlorical 
Inl rodnctiou to Fallow*'* Re9uIU.Mfinoir»Ri»)r. 
A*tron. S/if , xiT, 1 ; Proi". Iliiy. S'*. ill. H2 , Gent. 
3Ih|{. toI. ci.pt. II. p.STSi Andr^ t* Rayrl's 
UAtttotMiai* Pratique. 11^64 ;Loi|)idale'vWi)Tf)iW 
orCiimt>arlaDd, v. ]«].] A. M. C. 



It- ^ 
ilia i 




FALMOUTH, ViMWCjrr. [See Bo«CA- 
WKx, UinH, tin.t Vl«■n^^rr,rf. I7>M.] 

FALMOtTTH, Earl op. {Sets Dohca- 
WEX, EnwAKD. i;87-lfMI, Brat K*ai..] 

FANCODRT, SA.MUKL (1Q78-I7ft8l_ 
diaiMntiaff miniMer audprojectorof circiitat- 
inglibnnfiisia8ntdtohftTeb«ena[uitiveoftlia_ 
wmt of England. Une of ' the four Ijoitdol ~ 
ministers' of 1719 waa his tutor, and anothe 
hia prvdocvseor at the olice from which til 
O'inoved to Salijibury (I'r'^f'"'^ ''* his /Jiwi^ 
eonetninff V^rlaintff andltt/nllibUity), Thi 
probably indicalt-i th.it he u-hr Iminii! foe 
th<; mini.ilry by H<^njaniin Itohiikwu at Hui 
gerford, and succef^defl .Teremiah 8mith 
paMor ut Andover (Wa'-tb" "Wiij^os, 
fvrtf Iff Jiisteniini/ OAwrcAw atid MMtin^ 
ktitue^ in Landon, i. 37fi, iii. fi8). Fmrn 17 
to 1790 he waa outiiiiter and lator in .Sal i 
bury, (hi llie oocnsion of the confrovcr 
which arose in cim(»t|uence of Ui« pr 
inpt at ih>' Knilers' llnll conference of 
don ministers in February 1719, he ■wrolo 
[WO Tracts on tlie side of the d<>^innli»t«. 
Somi; years lal«r he tnToIrc-<l hiroivir in a 
controversy about free-will and prede-tina- 
lion, which eventuallv fc^uluyl In his having 
lo leave Sidifburi'. lie went 10 London and 
therv established what was said, about forty 
yeara afti-rward*. to Iiavw bi-en llw.* Kmi cir- 
culnlin)^ llbmrv. A Ubrarv conducl"d by 
hitn, in winch the sulK«;riplion wu« a i^uinca 

r«T Hiiuiim, wuji dinBolvxd al Michaelmas 
7-IA, and he then carried nut s new plan. 
This ptsn is described in the ' Alpluilwlicnl 
Ctttalfii^ii* iif Itijokit and Pamphlets bi'long- 
iiiff to the Circulating Libniry in Cmne 
Court' (Meet Street), 2 vols. ftvo. 1748, 
which hi? issue] in part* beiwveu 17 HI and 
17*8. According lo this scheme for 'The 
Gentlemen and Ladies' Orowinp and Cir- 
culutiji^' Library.' any one might hwoiat? a 
proprietor by an initial jwvment of a guinea 
and a ([uarierly payment of a shilling. Thv 
proprirtomwvre to choose tni.ilee*. in whum 
ihc library was to be \'flt'ted, Footoun him- 
self being BptHiinled librtirinn during g<M>d 
bt-lmvioiir, fjich pmpriel<>r was to Iw al- 
lowed to take out une vidume and nt)9 
patuphlet at a time. ' lli! may k<^p th«in a 
rvuHTiiuble time according lo their bigrifssi 
but d' lliey are not wanted by otbcrK he mi 
keep lliem as long ns he ba0 a mind.' Tl 
libniPv contained two or ihiea ihoiis 
bounil volumes and about the aamo numt 
t>f pamphlets: frcnn u thinl lo a half of 1 
hooks and pamphlets conaisteil of lhi><i|r 
and iM^^leeiastical history nnd vontmvrr _ 
and only about a tenth of it waa * lighj 
literature. The bouse In Cnue Ooiirt 



vtiieb It VIM i>\aci-A wn.i dose In ihf! qufir- 

ttfif of Ihttllovol Society. anil eitlwrit cirtli* 

buiueuext to W. wan (^vi-ntiinllv Iftkt'n l>y titivt 

WKUty for ftii i-nlargi'moiii of ils own library. 

I>r. Cromwell Mortimer, aMou'l sccrctarr to 

Uiti Horinty, wM ft pen'utvnl vnen^.of iliu 

ctffuUtinK Ulirary till bid ili>atli in 1(>5£. 

At. Aomo period later tlino 17r>5 b'aniwurt 

left Cnini' Court, uml. mfUn anvetHl <^tuiiig«i, 

iDO«i:(l hi* librnn' In ' tb« comer of one of 

tbf ftlivcu in tlie Stntnd,' when bis various 

jcbcin" finnlly broko tiown. The library 

v&i tttticn by itif- nreditorK, and lie retired tu 

lio^f'U Sipare, whero Ik? wad •iipixjrtt^l by 

Mini- of titc di»vntin^ miiii^ti-n, till he died 

at tbOBK« of ninety, on (* Junel7tS8. In tlin 

Oan* (>ourt library catftlo;^ui« hp offered for 

twelve ^iiiiicafi 10 l«ach ' anv odq of a cotn- 

tttrtn caiWitj and diligence' xo rood, write, 

Biul s]tf flk Latin witli Buencv in a yoar, by 

l>i*iit|; iluTB fivn or nx boun tuition a wmk. 

1h« {^UnwiTig iH a list ofFancourtV various 

WritioiT^ wbicli nn> nil, rxcppl: tlm ninth, 

ieTtot«J wilb loni t.illea and i'\lrari^ in 

iCrane Court CataP'gue (vol. i, jMimplilvt*, 

TS. n. -24. 'JT, ltit*-70}: 1. 'S-^rmon nt rhe 

Kunt-ral of Mr. John Teny,' 17iO. 2. ' K»- 

aay rnncoming C«rt*iDtr and Inrnllibility, 

I or RiiAMtioiic on "Tlir Nniurc and C^iiise- 

qiMiUMtof KnlhuMaAni,"' ITi'O. H. ' Llnthu- 

austn Retorted, or lUanarifH on Mr.M-iri^a'a 

Soeond IjotU-r to tli* Fuurl.»»iii>n Mini*t«?rB,' 

iryj, 4. ' OreftlBMfl of the Divine Lovi-/ a 

oenuun. 6. 'OnstneM of Ibo l)ivin« l.^)ve 

VindicatwJ,' 2nd edit. 17*27. H. •Appondix 

lo Hit "OrealaewB Sic, Vindicotml/ 1729. 

7. * l^auy foniNXTiing Litnrty, Oraoe, and 

FrcfcienMr,' I7i*S.'. ». 'Apology, or Letter 

lo a Krivod Mtlinfi forth tbe occa*ion, Ac, 

of the IV-«cTit Controrcrey' {1»'t.w«H'n Knn- 

court and M'Oiir*. illiit.') anil N'orman), £nd 

»dil. 17:10. y. 'WbAt will bo mu«t bfi, or 

FutuK cant Lap.' nciea no cOIlLiR(J^■lloie(, in a 

IWIrr In the Rev, John Nonnaii,' Salisbury, 

1730. 10. • Appcii6i» lo a Loiter lo the 

]t«T. M r. Norman.' .'trd •••lit. 1 IS-J. II.' Oreat- 

■twa of iW l>ivini' I^v*- further Vindii:atod 

in lldply to Mr. Miliar'* " Pnm>ii>W» nf the 

IlnfrmwdCh iirchti*,*' ' 1 7fl2. 1 -2. ■ Free .Vmacy 

of A'XViiiiitableCreatiirf>A,' l7-'^t. 1.1. ' Nntun.' 

and Kxpf^icncy of the Oretp*! Itcvelation 

and iifn I'ublicMiiitstry,' a«t-nDon wilb a|H 

Mtulie'^s, 173U. 11. ' L'liioii and ^enl ntiiDiiK 

IVolvatant!,' ifnd tain. IT-l'i. l'>. ' Season - 

ablv I>iac<iarac on a iilariiih l''earof Man and 

allolyTnisi in Tuid, ^iiiit-d lo the AlaniiH 

and l>aiijr<*r of thii rri»«tnt TiuM>.' Itl. ' Na- 

luni and Adinninj^fr of n ftoo^l Fdncntion, ■ 

Scnivn nrencbpd id St. Tltomap's, for tha 

hrni-til of tbniTbirity School in U ravel Lane, 

ilouthwuli,' 1710. 




(Oeiit. Muff. vol. lir. pi. t. pp. 273, 27». ii. ftH, 
ir. :)«S; Calaniy'a Life, ii. 438: Uto <Ute 'i\cw 
SHniin, March 10, 1730,' aL Lhu vixl of tbo pr»- 
fnct to Wbal vill be must ha; iJio Ciano Conit- 
Catali>gae, i. 1. 2. 13. -11; manuKript nou of 
th* payaiaut of )/. it. for a ulinrv in 'tbunr- 
cnlatinfT library in CrauaCoturt' io AaRnBt I7i4. 
and it. 6d. ' f»r qiurtrrid^ to Jiiaairy i7&&' 
irrittrn on Uic fly-lcnf of vol. ii. of tbc Loixloo 
Liltmi^ copy of iha Cntnloduf ; Aan. Ita^. voL 
s). i-t.i.p.131: UodleiaiiLibmry Uit.of PhnlMl 
itooi^] E. C->. 

FANE, Sir Fr:.\NCLS (J. l(W9?),drtt- 
matisi, was the «Idfiit eon of ijir tranci* 
Fano. K.B., F.n.S,.of FuIbMk.Lincolnahire, 
aud A.iton, yrirk<hir>^'. third, but second eur- 
vivinK, son of Francis Fane, flr*t earl of 
Wv^tmorliind ^s-wundtT Fanl'.SiuTiiojias], 
by Eliiabr'Ih, widow of John, lorxi I>arry,nna 
eldi.'<>t daughlt-r of William West of Firbect, 
Viirkuliin'. Sir Fronric Fan>.' the elderdied in 
IttSl, and woR buried in th«! rhanrvl of Artnn 
Ghtirch, tnjjetherwilh bis wife, wlio had died 
Wforf him (will n-jfistorwl in V.C.C. 91, 
NoTtlil. His »on we» cn^ted a K.U. at tiM 
ooroDtitionof CFiarlos II (Le \b\~c, /Vifii^ivM* 
(/ ?Ae KniffMt*. Hatl. Soc. p. 7^. 

During the latter part of (tix tiff hi- ri«idiH) 
on Ills Mtnti; nt Hrnbur-Tf Glotii-eflien^birff 
where he died {PnJiatr. Ad Rvtk; P. C. C, 
ItlUl), He marrird }Iannah, dsitf^hter of 
Jfihn Hu^hworth [h, v.], by whom he left 
iiwiip. In his will { P. C. (\ 1*37, \Vrr-), datt^d 
U Nov. Ilt«i9, and proved i:^ S«pl. lf»l, be 
requests hi.ii wif«, whom he appoints sole 
executrix, ' to pay ffburiy poumU m ibd 
poorcof t he pariah of Olveat on, ill the count V 
of Olouwitier, h«ing in full and mora of tha 
fhne.i at auv time learii.^ by uv on tho 
l^ualEera without a full dcduceon of t-barg<vt- 
in k-avyinff tb^in, ihv Infunnt-'ra parte not 
defraying the ChaMfea.* He ia llu> niithnr of: 
1. 'Ix>vt.-inth(;'l>arK: uriheManof BuMnesa. 
ACoMM-dy ' (in live act*, inprmtpand rerae), 
acted nt the llientre Itnval, -Ito, London, 
167r> ((iRWKai, Ifut. f/tiif Stag^. i. 173-l>, 
In dedicalinji llie i)lay to tho Earl of lio- 
cheet^T, Fane obferves : ' I ntrver rvl um from 
your lordxhipn mo»t fharuiin); and instruc- 
tive oouveniation, but I uiii iu^pir'd with a 
now gvnitu andimnrov'din all llioiteticienRiv 
I vvvr cuTL-t«tl lh>.> KHuwIudirc of: I find my 
wdf uol only a better l>oi't, n In-ttiT pbiloko. 
pber, but, much more than these, a hetu>r 
Chrixtiiin, «o ihal, I h<iif>, T obnll Iw oblie'd 
to your Inrtlfihip, not only for my reputation 
in 1 bis world, but my future hajipjnctia in tho 
n*xt.' "2. A MaM)iu-, 'KTitleii at i(udi«ler'a 
miueat for his alteration of Kcnumont uul 
Metcher'n ' Valentininn/und priulMl iiiTata'* 
' Pouou by wvcmi Uanda,' 8vo, I^ondon, IdSK 



§1.17). 8, 'The Sacrifice. ATrtpwIy' (in 
re act*, and in wi»v), 4U), l^mdon, 1086; 
Srd MiilioD, 1B87. It woa never acted ; iho 
aullior, BB he ioToniu tlie Earl of Dor*»t in 
the drdicAtion, 'bftvinff long »incf< dnrntAd 
UimaclftOficnuntrylife, and want inffpntiencp 
to Btt«iid ttic lci<un; of tlio Mti^.' I'fine'it 
plft;^ are not wlrally doMiCute of ment. 

ICallinii's PecTaKo IKrydgm). n\. 300, 301-2 ; 
lM:«r'6 RiDff. Dmm. (R«c<l ana JcDra). L 323-«. 
ti. 88fU9, ill. I'B, 236.] G. G. 

FANE, Silt HENRY C177S-1940), (feoe- 
rnl, wfti* till? dilMKt iKin nf thr Ilim. Ili^rirv 
Fftii*', M.P. for Lyme lie^a in Uorsetshirp 
from 1768 to 17Wt, ' kwii^-r of tlio Icing's 

Srivm* rofldfl. i^trK, and bridges, and cnii- 
uctor or K'uide of llie king's person id ftll 
royal proprPMOj,' who was t lio e(*ond son of 
Tliooius vightii «arl of Wvtluiorland. He 
■vrtA born on LtS Xov. 1778. and cntcrod the 
army as a tKtmct iu (liu Otii itnKDUii t!uan]»i 
Ot caraUnt^ers, nn S\ Mny 17!ll'. lit; was 
pramoted Ucut<'nij.ii:^ into the 'I'lXh rfffimciit 
on 29 Sept. 179^, nml i?«|itniii on -i Ai>nl 
1793, and he exchanftiHl wtth llmr mnlc iuto 
ibe i t h dra^(oon ffuarus on 31 Aug. 1 7 93. He 
Krvitl M nidtMlc-eamp lo hi* uncle, the 
t«n(Ii Earl of WeMmorland, uheii vioerov 
of Inland, in \7\)^ and 1794. When West- 
morluiid retired, Fane rel-unied to his rc^i- 
menl, and vras [iroinoted major on '2i Aug. 
17Qo, and Ui'iikiianl-coloiiul on 1 Jan. 1 707. 
In (Lit (nvvious \f3iT lie had succewdwl hU 
father as M.P. for Lyme Hvg'u, tht-n a clo«! 
borough in t-hij nrwwMi'in nf tbr" WHslnitir- 
land family, lie rec«iTed the lit-iili!niint- 
oolonelcy of the 1st or litngV ilni^jo"'" Kuiwd» 
on "iTt lA*. IKH.nnd on 1 Jan. llWiwa.'i ap- 
point«d aidi^-d^'-camp to llie king with Ilia 
rank of cwlonel. Though Ttnv had wp Ut this 
time wen no actt%'e ««rviop., he wna nevcnlie- 
Ii*S dirw'twllo join tho Btnff of .Major- ji«?neral 
Sir Arthur Wollwlcy at Corli in Jiin*> 1808, 
with the rank of lirijiadier-geueral. When 
iho <-x]ieilition landc^l iit the month of the 
Mnndt'jfo, Funv, m thu youn^iwt aud inoit 
aclivti of th« Kiigiiiih (generals, rceeivi-d ilm 
oolDmaiid of lUv tiffbl brigade, coiisUtinif of 
the iilKh nifrimcinl and th» ti>;lit conipaiiicn 
of all thtf nThi>r reffixientfi attacbM to the 
«xpeditinn. He l«u the advance,and at the 
h&ttic of Ttolt^ he first maintained ihif con- 
nection of the ointre with General Fer^'usou, 
and Llian surct-Mfullv turned Cenornl La- 
bunlvV riffht with hui light troops by ad- 
viincinif ali>iig a imiuiilain road in conjunc- 
tion with Fertfiisnn'A brigadi!. This operation 
<h't<rnninwl th« Kn-nch to n-trBiil. At lln- 
battle of ^'iraei^') hifl briffadc, with that of 
AiutTutbvr, held tho vdbgv diurch and 



chunthyard aninat tlie first three furious oa- 
alauffhlx of Junot's inK^. Af^er the oon- 
TBOtion of Ointra he waa transferred by Sir 
Jolin Moore to the command of tht- 2nd in- 
iantry brigade in Mnckonzi*; Fru.*«T'*diviaion, 
eoneifiting of the 3i^lb, r^^Jnd, and 79(h n'^- 
mcnt4(, and witli tbia brigade hu B(.T\fd in 
Sir John MoonVa advajicn into Spain, in lua 
famous ivtT«>Bt, and in lb« buttlt; of Ciirunna. 
Da Fane'sn-lum to EnKland he rw«vwUbi> 
tbanlu of purliauieut in his place ititheUoose 
ofComuona,wh«rehe.«till Ml for Lyme Urgw, 
and h« eovedy prweed to bi> again artivoK f n- 
plovMl. In tlii> iiprinj^ of IHOO be wnji auain 
ordered to the Peuin.iula, with the mnk of 
iM-igndier-ffeiwral. He wna placed, aa on old 
caTolry onioer, ^n oommana of one of Sir 
.\rthur Welie«leyV three cavalry brij;Bdi-8, 
con^istin^ of thf Ard dmffoon guards and the 
4th dragoons. Tbi« brigadi-, m» it cooetsted 
of heavy Mvalry, took no such distiaaiiiohcd 
part in th«> ba'ttia of Talaven as Anwn'a 
light brigade, biitit did good aerricethmuifh- 
out the camtuignA of 1600 and 1610. On 
y.'i July ISIO Pane waa promoted tnajor- 
pencral^ and as the accnnd cavalry g-'ucnil 
in urdw of seniority he waa in l8l 1 detached 
from the main amytoeommond tbemvalry 
with UiUVcorp in tho Alemtejo, which eon- 
sisted of Uie f^th light dragoons aud four 
regiment* of Portuguese dragoons. With 
Ihta command he covered Ilitl'a operations, 
and aecompunied hia I'orps to the main amy, 
which it rMacbnd in liiui* to 1>^ pnwntt nt 
the battle of Busaco, where, however, none 
of the rjivalrv \vtv i-ngngcd. In the »iih*e- 
iiuent retreat to the line« of Tom-* Vealras 
t1i« MTvicpo of ihu cavalry under Sir 8tnple- 
ton Cotton and Ili'iiry Fan*' wi.ro m-wl lulu- 
ablu. but the fu(i|i;u>^ of thta trying (uim[)«ign 
wen.' |i>o much for Faau'a health, and hv was 
iuvnlidcd home. Hn thus mUsed the im- 
portant battles of 1812, but in 1813, to the 
KHtisfaction of both Lord WcUin^ou and Sir 
Itowlend Hill, Fane rejoined tlii; array in the 
Peninaula. He was again appoint^?*! lo llie 
cuiumaudof uU the cavalry ultachud to Hill's 
corps, natui^lv, a briji^iidu of I(riti»li cavalry, 
coiuuiting of the 3rd dru(r<ion guanlf. the 
nival*, and llii? l.'^Ui light <f[a^'rHinj<,<>iieregi- 
ment of port Hguette dragoons, and Kt:iairs t mop 
of royal boTfe artillery. With thin command 
be headiid Ihc advance of the right of the 
Uritidh army from their winter quarters nt 
l'reiiada,dcfi-atL-d the Fr^ncb general Villnlta 
iu a Hmnrt cavalry engagemcuE on 2ti Mar, 
which aueured the aafe pasaagn of tho forO* 
of thu Tonne*, nndwaa prem'nt at Ihe bnltla 
of Vittoria. Unringthe wiul m-j»iipnign of 
lSlS-14 the r»valrvwa«hanlly>?raplr)y(td at 
all, but when Wellington determined to in- 



4 



I 

I 

4 



p 



p 



TBile rr*nco, r'AHfc once more tnnk his plftCR 
ill ftfiiit of IliU's eoqis upon the right of iliu 
itrraT. Ht-WAsciigairt-din imninu-nblo little 
rinrmishu during- the ttilvaiicc, and distio- 
(luiidied liimjeU' in tli« c-baivc* of the I)rili*h 
(kTRlrT* which coniuli-iod tn^ Ktui uf SouIi'a 
HnDjr •*• Oitlir*. H« llifu once more tooi 
bU place in front of UiM's cohimti. nnd \vh» 
picapiil. ihuuph iiot Aciivi^Iy finpIovtHl, At 
tlie 6nsl bdl tit' of ToulouH'. On tfie oon- 
olnsionofpQaceFiineEUci.-codedSir.SiiLpIi.'tiiii 
CotUNl IQ commuiH of nil ihw Hntiwh rsviilrv 
upOBtlieoontiilciit.wliich hecon^liicled^fely 
li^lit ftcroM France to Calnis. Durinft th^w 
long and vuicd catnpRini>* Fnn*) hul von 
tbu iv)tutiil ion of Ifein^ llie \yett commnnder 
of tuvalrr iit the finny, nest to Sir StnplcTon 
Cotton, ilf wo* ninde colonel of thf iird 
liRht dmgoons on l^t July 1H14, from which 
be WHS lJsn6rt>rrL'dun3 Au|;- tulhvculoiU!k'y 
of hU old rvginirnt, thf 4tli royal IrUh dra- 
goon (Tuardii; Ite received a gold cross ^vith 
weclsffpfor llii>luiltliiior Viini-ini, Cunntnii, 
TbUvcta, Vitcoria, and Orthi^s, in which ht; 
Iiai] been •ctively ?RgHp.'d ; he rcccivtrd the 
thanlta of pari mmcnt in his pItUM- in tlio HoiL'te 
of Cammon« ; liu was made on« of the lirttt 
K.O.H.'aon the extension of the order of the 
Bnth, and hcwa»app<jinto<liu»peclur-^meml 
of cavalry for Orewl Uritain. In IWlo he 
|ir«{Mired the ravaby n?pinients which wcru 
UDplo^d at th<> butt to of WalRrliKt, though 
hn VM nfA himitiMf presi^Dt in that curnpai^. 
lo l@lt! he wn» appointed to n K|Hn-iiil voin- 
niaud in th« midUDd connlie'S to put down 
riots. In 1817 he whs made a local lieu- 
tenant-general for tll•^ continent, and np- 
point«3 locoinmai)d all the cavalry and horse 
artillery in the army of occiipnt ion in France, 
a |KmL which Iw held until th« rompVte 
KtaruAlion ufthiit countr)' in 1SI8. Id that 
Tnar he renifcited his seat in the HonM- of 
toounons, and ivtircd to Fulhcok lu Lin-' 
onlnahire, a counlry i^at which he had in- I 
hooted on hi« fatlier'a death in ItKKj. liv ' 
lived in retirement for some year*, Imt wim 
|iromot«d in duo courw' to tw lieuieiiant- 

Tmwn\ on 12 Auf;. lHV.\ made a G.C.n. in 
rt25, and appointed coloni»l of the Ut or j 
kiotf'i dragoon guanls, a colonelcy which ' 
moua next t/i thoau of llio rvffimcnlrt fomtinir | 
thtt hrigwle of hooeehold caralrr, im -Jl ]-'cl>, j 
I^^.'7 In \^-I^ Ihe I)uh« of Wellinplon in- 
<1 I ' ' %o hin rrtircmimt and toiic- 

(■ I .t ntlio'.'of master-jfeiieral of i 

III. : ]u> nf^sin enteral thflToiLW 

of ' : I . p. for Saniiwich. Hi' wnt i 

(Hit olxSiic "liMi the n-form cabinet of Karl 
Qjvyyrts formed, but L-'>nlinued on intimiito ! 
Icnas will) tlio 1 luka of WVllinf^^n, who ap- i 
poinUtl bta oottUBUulw'ia-chief iu India 1 




during his short lenuro of office in 1835. 
I.ord Melbourne's cnbinet conAriavd Iht* ap- 
jMiintnwnL, and Fane took over the command* 
in -chief from Lord William Bftntini-k in Sep- ' 
temher 1836, when ho found India in a«tat« 
of pcofonnd pi^'ure. Fane personally inspected 
every atalion in bi« cummand in 1886, and 
nil inlvrofitin^ account of this tour of innpec- 
tion, and of his inlerriew with Itanjit Singht 
the famous ruli'r of tho Punjab, wiutpiibli'hed 
by his nophew and aide-de-camp, Henry Ed- 
wani FitiK'. Towards the end of hia period 
of command there were signa of wiir npoo 
the north-west frontier, and in iHItS i'UU« 

fot ready an anny to proceed lo the relief of 
(erat, which waa then l>c«ivged br the Per- 
sians, and Lord Auckland and his advLscn 
iheitbec'an tuinalurvLhcplnDS which bmughc 
about llie first Afffhan war. Fano nntirtilr 
dtsappnifiHl of ibid policy, and resigned his 
(ithre, hut lh<- ftuihoriliu at homo took the 
unusual course of refuains to accipt. this ro- 
sif^niioTi in JnnuatT 18^, on the ground 
that tliey could And no fmncnil competent 
to succeed him. On Fane, llierefor«, devolved J 
the final preparations for the Afghan war, 
and in 18^ he direuK^ the opi-rations, which 
Ic^d lo the acquioaceuce of the Mini of Sind 
in itii; propusml violation of their terricor^ 
for ttiepurpcwt of IbK invasion of Afghania-j 
tan. llia health waa bythiii time cncnnleieir I 
iindFtritiintid, and on his reitenited demana ' 
to resign, MMor-^nf>ral 8ir Jtur|H>r Nicholl^, 
the commander-in-chief in Mudras, was np- 
pojntrtl to succeed him, Hr- then handed 
over the eommondoflht.- expeditionary army 
Oj^inst Afghani»tan to Mnjor-geneial Sir 
John Kcane, the cuinmuuder'iii'chief in Hum- 
bay, and prepared to haw Iiidia. lie left 
that country in the last stage of wealtiicas, 
nnd hi> died at 8va on board thu Malalwr ot 
St. Michael's in the Ajtore*, at the comiiarn- 
lively carlv agu of Bixty-otui, oo ^1 March 
1840. 

[.Army Lists; Royal Miliury Calriiifir : >'«• 

fitir'n I'rnitBiitar U'lir; Fivn Vixirs in Ir.iiin, by 
Iwiry IC<l«r>irJ Inne, 18*3.1 "■ H- »- 

FANE, JOUN, Efiventh liUaL op Wect-' 
WoituxD (1H82?-176U>), third »wn of Ver« 
Fane, the fourth rarl, ethicatetl at Oxfonl. 
followed a niiiitnry life in his vouth, and 
wa» moilc captain of horse in March 1 70^ 9. 
He diatinguiahod bimaolf under the Uukc of 
Marlborou(;h, and bvcame Iteuletmnl-irolonol 
in 1*10, colonel of the 37lh rxgimenl of foot 
]7ir>, captain and colonel of the fimt Irfiiof 
irreriadiitr^'UftrtlF 1717, and ca{itainandciil>)nel 
of ttm tint Inxipiif honu- giiarvl* in l";i3. On 
-I (Jet. \7&S he was created a pwrof Ireland, , 
with the tillu of Lord Catlwrlough, 



Fane 



»;6 



Fane 



of Catberlougb. II« was elected lo pArlia- 
munl fur Hythti in Kent in 1706, bill Bt 

thp next •'lecitiin (1710) wiui (lty:biml 'not. 
(liiljr electf^d.' In 17)5, aa the death ofhiii 
brotfaiT, Mil'lmayi h*- wmt chown knif^ht of 
the ijiire nf Kenl. He was elecH-il lo par- 
liament ill 17^-7, aiii) again iu 17:^, for 
Bucltinghtim. Ili^ »ticoM<(K*-il to the caHiIoiii 
of W«.«liumlaD(l in l~'M. Is ibe follawio^ 
jear he vr&s n[ipuinied lord-lieutenanl of the 
countr of Noniinmpum, and vrardcn of the 
entit bailiwick iu Uockineh&tn t'orc-nt, but tv- 
aiffni-'d hiii cummund of tlie honse guard;. In 
iTo'.haviua: be«n deckn*(l hriiradiLT-p-iir-ra], 
be was made major-genc-ral, aud iu 1 7iil) lieu- 
teuoot-goueml of tli« foroea uf tbu kingOum. 
Soon alter bia succi-aaion to the* i-arliloin h<- 
retiiud to bU wat.MereWDrth Castle io Kent, 
and fjiivo bimitplf up to th« impruri'mmit nf 
his pmiwrty. rubtiililinfl: th« casOc aftfa* plana 
by rii]l»ilin( II, Wm.ihilk, Lflttr*, Cuiinin^r- 
bam, ill. 303). In ) 7Ji4 he va« nppointud lord 
biffh atewara, and in 17M cliancellur, of flu; 
iiniv«nity of Oxford, his installation bcin); 
tionducted with umi«iinl uia^uifiooncv. IIi^ 
married Mary, only daughter and heirt^N of 
Lord Henry Cuvundiali, but died without 
■gaiie 26 Aug. 17(i2, uwr tin- bjjp of •ijTltty- 

HewoaBUGCeededaiini^hlhtwrl bylliaiiiM 
]^e,gT«at-^and«onof>SirrniD(.-i»,wid[rri«t> 

fval-prandfinn of Freiici*, first carl [w« under 
.ixu, Sm Tiiuuis]. The eighth earl died in 
1771. and won Aitrct^iittMl a.« ninth rart bj- hid 
Bou Juji.K VjLifL tl72t<~1771). He was bom 
6 May 1728, wOji educated at WcstminsItT, 
bocuniL- M.F. for l.yutt Ki-^is in I'dJatid 1701. 
lie married (l)iu 17'^H Au(ru8la, dswj;h|pr of 
Lord Mnnto^uv Bertie (she dii'J in 177>^i, and 
(!f) in I7tt7 l^dr Sumiii, daiiffbt^r of (!<t«iHu 
Lieorffo Gordon, third duki^ of liordon. Il*- 
died 20 April 1774. 

[Uaalcd's Xoot. ii. 367; CvDiu'B FecmgD 
(1812), iii. 29G: II. Walpolc'ii l^lttn, Cuaniaf^ 
hnm, indi-x ; <i«[it. Muy;. xxiii. 391 ; IVtjIu's 
ORicial Biiro(iU0i<, iii. 6ll {whvfodattof bapliani 
la [rir«o oj March 1 7S£) ; Ntchol«'t Lit. Aneo.! ix. 
242.] R It. 

PANE, JOHN, tenih KATir. or We-t- 
uoKLAHt) (l"^-!^-!!), eldest snn of John 
Fnne, ninth earl, wm bnm 1 June 17511, and 
cdiical«d at tho ChnrttThoutio and Enimnmicl 
ColIup'.C'ambridp?, where Mr. Keuuet, ufu-r- 
ward.j bishop of Cloyne, waa bis tutor: he 
praeoediM] U»\. ia 1778. H« (.ucL-vvdi-d (u 
th« «atldom at tbe aim of fiO^'n. While ul 
Cambrid^t* bo formed a friemUbip with Wil- 
liam 1'ilt, whji-h cnnlinui-d tbnju^h lifi;. In 
October 17Hfi he arwpted tbr olhrt^ nf jnint 
paymsstvr-^neral.and wnftKwom a member 
oflhepri\-y council. In1JicfnUowineJ(inunr\- 
1]« was appointed lord-Iieutenant of Ireland, 



which olSee bo held till January ITOn. Hi 
was DpposiMl to the vtnancipaiiou of ihn 
tholti-a,and waa recaUwl iu couA«(|aeiio» of j 
ih<e deuuroiiiutttou uf Pitt lo grant in eoma 
meaaure the catholic di<maiichi: but waa at 
onctr ofliTt'd thu potit of mailer of t)i« hr)ra^, 
wha-h lie TT'tniiifd till l7yH, when he became 
loni privy tn'sX. \\a remain<vl in this office 
fiiriicTiirlythirtyyi>«re,e](ceplforafewiuDRtba 
in lfiOti-7, wln'u a whig ministry w» in 
power, and finally resjgnMl it in 1827, wbcn 
the Karl of Liverpool's ailministraiioii CMoo 
to an end. Ht^ woa eliyt'jd knight of tbe 
(barter in 17&3. lie filled thu jwet of rvcor- 
dt'r of Lyme R«gi« and of lord -lieu tenant uf 
NorthamptoDabirv. and was for a ttbort linte 
maat«r of the buckhoundM tci (lf.>rg» I V. For 
many ymns bwforu hia death he. retired frotn 
politica, and during tln> lji»t. vvar or two of 
bis life was quite blind, ll^i^ died tn b» 
eighty-third y«tv on 16 Dec. IH-ll (ICtiKEn, 
IHaty, under Ifl IVc. Iftll). Tbo evl waa 
twio' mnrrird. His lirst wife waa SanUl 
Anne, only daughter and heireas of Rolwrt 
Child, the London booliier. Hu elopod witb 
MiMlliild in May 1781', and Hucceoded in 
reaching Scotland, vhv.rv the marriage took 

Elftct. The bulk of Mr.t'bildVpmpfMtywaa 
■1\ to T-hu eldi-»t daugiilcr by thin marriage. 
Lady Sarah Sophia l-'niie,wbo married the karl 
of Jfrst-v. La<ly Westmorland di^d in 1793, 
having bornv mx children, and in IHOO the 
earl muriad bis second wife, Jane, daiufalvr 
and coheiivas of Mr. II. U. Saunden), JLD. ^ 
Fty her he had thr«« sons and one daughter, ^dl 
Ilii' wcond wife and aix of bis children enr- ^| 
viTed him. ^ 

[(icnt. Mag. new ser. arii. 207; Pnblie Chv 
ract.-» uf 1803-4, p. 413 {signeil T. L. H-J ; 
Timed, 17 1>«C. 1811. p. b: rJumLupRV Lif» of 
Pitt. 1862, ii. A'i, ^7«. V92, 3S3 ; Dovla't OfHrnl 
l^a^olu^g^iii. Bti.J " R. B, 

FAJfE, JOHN, eleventh E*bl op Wbji- 
Moma.tD (1784-1809), only son of Jolm 
l-an<!. teuth earl of WestniorIfti>d [«i. t.1, 
wiw bum nL 4 Sackv-ille ^trwt, riccadillv, , 
London, .'t I-Vb. 17K4, and known as Ixkrd 
lliifvb<?r»Ii from that liua until 15 Dec. 
lj*lj,whfnli«aucccedod hia father a* Karl of j 
Westmorland. He WO* educated «t Harrow,, 
and at Trinity ['ollege, Cambridge, wber« he ' 
proceedwj .M!/V, io 1808. He was clrct^d 
to represent Lyme Rpgis 1« .^(arch IWW,, 
aud sat fur ihiit hon)ug>i until March \»M, 
when be accupt.yl the Chilleru Hunda-ds. . 
On <S0 June \HVi h^ Ixx^anic a Ueutenant in | 
tbe Nortbamptoubhiro n:ginit<nt of luilitUr 
but in th<> *amt yi^ar joiutd the lUh fnot ul\ 
tin ensinn. serving tiulNicijiifnttv in ihe 7th i 
foot, the sard foot, th« 3rd dragoon*, lb» 
OleC foot, aadtbe 63rd foot. In 1806 hu wu-l 



I 



apt- " * ' ''---ltd LMutcanot-^fenc- ' 
ml ' .[ifditjnnhi Itiinovi-T, 

in ]?>06-7, nn<l nftrnrurd') in E^-pt, uiiilLf 
nmnal WbhcIupi"-, iiwik [Kirt in (!i" fii>l 
*t/iroiin^ of Itrtvitu, uml rfn' iw-rond alianh 
■nil twgv of ttiai pW-v ilii'ltT Sir W. ijtewnrt, 
Fn 1808 hr jiiimM r,he army in Prtrtii|f*l, und 
wii« pnei>nt til rfac hnlllns nf Uolifu and Vi- 
nMvm. 11^ aol^ lu nide-dtf-oainp to the 
Ihike of Wellinfrtin in the f-^llom-mff ywir, 
■ikI took part in tlit> baCtlcofrnlaviTU. tie 
■enett with thp 3rd dragoon (^ukHs in the 
in IVrtiiuul iu 1^10. iDcliiilini; tliv 
In Torrvs VciifiLt, haLt.le fif Hiiinco, 
•nd s^lvnnci* lo Hantnivm. In Seplombtr 
1S1:H1ih]hy>i'«i-<)<h! Ii> th« hiiulniMrlf^ra nf till! 
kUin) srminH uni^cr Triiire ScliwaFWtnlKirif 
in Oermnny, ftwrwlil^'d «» milifiify eominis- 
sionrr. Hr w«.* pr^wnt during the OKinpnt^ 
iif lf*14uiI''raiio>--, fpim tho liikingof Iaii^'H'* 
until the cflpttln^ ol' I'ari^. lit- wua M-nt, 
14 Aiig. I>^14, 11^ viiroy ■.■xtPi>>Rliiiiirv xudi 
mimittvr pli-nipctrntiary li» Florenw, nnd 
nftervFTin^ in tin rjiinp&i>,ai njifnin^t Xaplct 
in 1)^1 >'), hiiniunfltiii niiijuiicliun witli Fii-li)- 
nuMhol HiMii'hai, ih^ mnvnntinn nf Caea 
LdMiZ*. by u-ltich iIip kimplniD of NapW vnjt 
rcMoml til till- UrtiirbAn*. Biirfiliorsh wm 
tuaied a privy councillor -J** March 1923, 
and in 1s-J.'> went on u sjiccifii miMiion to 
Ntplw to i>in>rrutulKi>- l-'raucts I on hts ac- 
ceMMin to tlie thrnue of lbuTwiiSiciliF>ii. He 
WM criu<?lt^<d f>nvor «xtraordini\ry lo Naplen 
11 ^uv. ISW, IniL thix npjioinl ini-nt wiut 
rvrak^d. Whilp reeident mmLatpr nt Ber- 
lin tHJI-fil Ii» itcti?d an ni«lintor twtwivn 
rh-nmark and Pruwn in thi» Sohlf-^wiir-IloU 
•It :■!, and waa one of the parlies 

^'.- ■■ i« trenty of )ieui?e 2 Jnly If^ot). 

Oit 1. I.,. ■...>;; from Et^rlin ut Vienna 'J7 J«n. 
IWil, ho was Hnn>iiii(tin]i]y (>iim^-<) in the 
nefulintioni wmnoctcd vrit b thoTurkiAh diffi- 
cullio. and in February lf^», in conjunction 
with Lord Jnhn Uu-iHrrlt, took part in the 
ConjTTvn of Vii'iinft. Iu November uf the 
»AiatTi^rh<> nfiiT^I from Ihn wirvicn on a 
fliplomnlic ]H'r)kii)ri, Imt performed one la-^t 
dtilj in th(< folbminf; July bv cotir myitis Ibe 
uaetm'B rnajirratiitalirinH to Uk- kin^ 0? tbA 
mlgiaaaonthclKi'nly-KnhaiinlvefMTjofhia 
•ttwawnninibpthronc. WMtmorlandbiNvinio 
»>lon«I of tli«> With r4.>^inK'nt 17 Nov. IHliJ, 
rrcfivml tit*' «iU-.>r war medal wit hfoiirclasp-o 
la t)U9, and witi" promotvd to bu n p-ncikl 
in '!■ _'0 J.11K* ISM. Th<' iinivurnity 

"f ' made him I.1,.P. in lf»l t, and 

lb .ifOxfor.! D.C.L. in lliUil. H« 

w I 'J.f'.n. -Jl Jiinft Ift-lfi, and wm 

ftl.:..^;;.i .. L 11 «ny foreign nrdetv, Ar a mu- 
rieian bn wiu uot Ivm dislinguish^ than he 
TOL, IV m. 



J^^ 




had tK>4-n IU R soldier and a diplomntiitt. At 
an onrly agK ho dUpIarod an Instinct iv(> p«A- 
nion for muttic a* uu ouiali'iir pi-rt'onuer on 
llw; violin, and u ho (frow older stu<li>>i) ike 
violin HTi>]roni|iiuilinn nmler I labile, Zeidltjr, 
May.*t'<^<T. Platoni, PorliTftalln, imd Bianchi. 
IVrcnivinfi the di^Kvdvaiuagcs under which 
hia conniTTmi'>n labotirt-d as compared with 
the natives of other coiinlries, ho propoe«d 
in laa tb^ formation of an acadi-myof music 
Tliis propft«I ultimately led lo tlie oneoinff 
nf the Ho^al Academy of Mtuic 34 March 
\S'iii, an institution of which We«imorIniid 
wa« the undiiiput'.'J foiuidiT, and in vrhirti 
ho took an i»cliv« inter^t thnvi^lioiit the 
n.-maindur of bis lifi-. H-j waa the writw of 
M-ven openia, ^^«j^ft't,' ' F'^rn,' ' II Tomeo,* 
'L'Eroodi I.annuftro,* T&tarina, OH.'tia I/Aft- 
Mtdio di R.'t|im'Jfi,''njtii|tto de l*n>M>rpina,' 
and'l-')S- - ; ' . Tentralp,' Somcofthew 
w.-ri? p!in 'lice, and '('ularinu' was 

piihlii'ly r- 1.' -■!- u l.ytbi> pupils of tlie 1^1yal 
Academy fii Oeiober lt*;JO, He al-ro wrotu 
thivo rnnt4ittu, mii»>u^'A, ralhL-dral H'rvin.-H.an- 
tht-m^, hymnii, iDiidrigaU. canona, canzontrta, 
and airs, wbirh W'Tk printtil, bi^idtia music 
wliiib hi' li'ft In mantiHcript. Il> dird nt 
Aplborpi? Houne, Norlbampitonshitv, 16 Oct. 

9o highly WAS he esteemed in Berlin tbil, 
on thp nrws of hi* di^ath reaching that capi- 
tal, the principal military bauds aiVL-mhlird 
in tln^ prpwnc* of the prince re(fenl and a 
didt ititrui-thed comi<«ny, und {H-rfnnned Beet- 
hu^trn s funeml march, a favourite of \Vi.i»t- 
morland'i*, many of who§e muitiral compoAJ- 
liunn wt>rr< wvll Lnnu'n in [Vrlin. Hit wiio 
was Priscilln Anne Fane [q. v.] 

lit' was the author of tb« following works ; 
1. ' AI«?moir« of thr Karly Campiiixv» of the 
Duke of Wellington in rnrtii^l and Spflin. 
Ry an Orticer employed in hia ariuj'i i.e. John 
Fane). 1^20. s. 'fl Tomro, dromma poAto 
in mu«ica da Milord Iturghenb/Milau, J?:W, 
3, 'II Tompo. Tbo Tournament, a .leriotw 
Op*-™, tb* miific cvmpoh'd by Lord Bursli- 
erah, Italian and Fnglwh.' Ik.18. 4. ■ M.^ 
moirof thu Opcralion'^ uf the Allied Armie.^ 
und<^r l'^i^n^ Si'JiwnnimhiTK and Marohal 
Rlucber.' 1^2. Snded. 183i\ .V • IU|^iaj;1io 
delle operazioni dcyliiverciticonfederati aeli 
ordini d"! Pnncipt' di SohTft-Bnt^nhM-g c (b-l 
Mar^^cisllo Mlucher,' Turin, IHJI, second 
edition. Flontnce. li!*ii~, 0. 'A letter lothe 
Speaker of th<; llouw of (.'ommoiu on the 
oIaim« ofthe JJrili-.h UamAnr«tholic«,"18:?7. 
7. ' A Lettpr to Karl Foriracue on Itia Speech 
resp<«ctInKaMoiiumiml tuFiold-marehiilLord 
Kag^ui,' It^s. 

[0«iit . SIbe. Sov«in1r«r I S^.pp. 533-1 ; Tixnta. 
IB Oct. 1M9, p. ;. and 1) Nor. p. a, ItoyU'a 

S 



Fane 



178 



Fane 



Official ibin>itmgi>.iii.64£.«illi ]>orLm'L; 0«iuil4ir'* 
Itnjnl Aen4»in}' «r Mtuiic (1850> PC- 9 31,«itli 

fortruil ; Jamw D. Brown's Diet, of HaiiriAas 
1880), p. 613] G. C. Ij. 

FANE. JrUAX HKXRY CirAHLKS 
{IH:;7-l(?7tl|, tIi|ilotualiftt und (xii't, (i(tli »uii 
of Jalin FaiK', ulevantb eatl of AVMimor- 
Imnd [ij. v.l, Iwm ik). non-nc* ? or 10 Oct, 
1827, was cdncAtod al Thun<>>i IViTton 1838- 
1841, wken bo went to Harrow for a abort 
limi'. As u fi'llow-cfimmrmer he matricu- 
3aled from Trinity CoUwre. Cambridpff, in 
im7, anil »"xm became adistinffuinlted siem- 
l)er of tlie snciMy Itii'mti a« llic CnmLridj^ 
Anostlee. In le^'O li<> <)l>taiii<?d thu vhaii- 
Cfllor'd medal for Kn^lifih vor^t by lim poena 
on ' The Iloatli uf AiK-Iuidc, Quocti Dowojfwr.' 
and in the follrtwiun year he toult Vu M.A. 
du(fi\M.'. At lilt: Btro 01 acvcutw-n lie filtered 
th^ diplouialic Mtr«irf um an utipaid attache 
to lus Tatti^rB mJF^on at Bf-rlin. lie was 
afli-rn-nnlH nn nttiu-lif- at VienuK from 1851 
lo lAIH, and thfrt' o>mmcn«il his study of 
Oorman poetry. To the first tiiiiuber iif l\w 
'Hoinrday Rt-riew,' 3 Nov. li<ix\ p. Ill, )i« 
contnl)ut«d uii iai^TvMtiiig article i'iiULIhI 
' lluiarii^h limine, Poel and llunioml.' He 
Ml ninny of Ht^inu'^ vi<nTi*« to ntiHir, and fumg 
many to tlie muKif of llnTi-n (i.v, V«sque 
PutUingvn), and he pUyml Aiistrmn national 
aira upon t\w xitli'-r. Itu Dossi^wed a bril- 
liant wit, n keen senao of liumour, and au 
unrivalliKJ cracefuloesa of manner and ex- 
nrfsflion. Al the congrciw of Parin in lUimi 
uu woe attached to L/^rd C'lun-Qdtin'A ypLicijd 
mi««ion, and it was on tbi^ ocouioii tltat bn 
made the acquaiulaiico of his ^Ti'at^.-^-T. fritmd 
Edward Lytt^on, now tbe h^mihI narl of Lyt- 
ton. Aflfir the peace h(<wi>« appointed Mcro- 
tarv of I-^tion at St. IVfreburir, and re- 
mained in Itiis&ia until 18^, wrilin); and 
iwndiiig lo hi« ^uvurnmcDt able report* on 
till? trade of ttiar couiiti-v- Hu was tmno- 
forrt-d to Vienna 1 April iRM, and to Paris 
in 18(15 a.H first. »wn?rlKrr acliiiR fhsrgf- d'af- 
fainu. Ueremainnd al I'aria nnt.il 1Kt}7, when 
ho ivlumt'H til Loiidi^n, nnd wan pnilocoli^t 
to the Bonftir*n(M'?» hrld there on The afioirBof 
LuxembouTf; from 7 to i:i May. Ho mtonied 
toParistotaVeclinrjcoftbooniba.'Mybutwwn 
the departure lA Ix>rd U'jwli.-v nnd t hi! arrival ' 
of l^nl Lyon-s hut ill-bfjtlllt forw-d him to [ 
r&sigii bis cooiteclion with lh» diplomntic j 
■iTvic" 7 Jiiin' 180ft. In 1852 hf printed : 
a volume nf 'PoemB,' which Mi<in n-ncbed ' 
a s-.icrjnd edition, and two yeor.i afierwimls | 
hH hmught. out 'Po«m»hy If«inricb Heine, 
translated by Julian Fane,' In ISfll, under ' 
the psf-udonym of ' Xcville Ti'ujple,' im pul»- 
ILshra, in conjunction with hi;< fnond Edward < 
l.ytt<Hi, who adopted the nainv of ' Edward \ 



Troyor," n \<ixm vnlitl^ 'Tnnnltiiuser.or tbj 
Battle nf fbf Bar-l.,' On '_>!l iv-pt. IHtW " 
■uarruMl Lfldy Adtae EIi*« Anue C'-oWfwl 
third daui^Corof Ge<jrK<-','iv(h t'orl t'ow[»>» 
8ho was Dom at 1 Great STunhopQ Sirr'oi 
London, 17 March IH4:), and di^at Wim* 
bledon 20 Oct. 18(W. Fiuit- nnvrr rwcovi>nn 
the abock of (be prematuiv lU^lU of hi.* wifo 
and suflbrwl from an qIKtiloo of hid thniat,] 
which not only pr>.'veutt.d him (rum bwb11uw> 
in^ anv lii^unl, hut wa» nci^tmiMnicil by 
gradual e.\tincliun of hit< voiit) for almosr 
\vnr ln^fore hts dmitb. llfi di>-d at 'iO Port-' 
man Square, London, 10 April 1870. 

fLyltgnV JuUna Fam-. a HeRiwr (1871 )■ vith 
portrait.: JrniinRham'a R«inU)ijeeBi!iwnf fia At- 
Uchi (IH86). pp. 118-20; TimM>, 21 Apnl 
If^'D. p. 3 ; Illiuiral«d Looilon Sews. 30 April 
1870. p. 406 : Pall Iktall Gauttc, 20 April 187(1, 
I*. 3] 4.C.B. 

FANE, MILDSIAY, second Fun or 
\VisiTJionLASn(d.ltW.'>),<'Wej*t»onofFrani!is 
Fanv.iirsi Mirl^seo under I'\sr,. Si hTiiom**] 
by Miiry, heir of Sir Anihony Mildmay i3 
Apthor^', Nonhainptfiiuihiri', was cducult ' 
ai Fmmanuvl (.'olUite, CambridKe. H^ rv|in>« 
benttvl Pi>t«rl)orou^i in the Short imrliamLiit 
i>r 1(1*20-1, wiM iTvitt^d ii ItiiiKlit III iht< Itath) 
at lh« comnation of Charles I ( 1 Felt. Ulio), 
&ided with tbi.' kiiif; 00 the uuthrrak uf it 
civil war. and wiu am-jit^I oji a df-linquriit ' 
and lodged in tho Tower in lOli', lie was, 
however, relL-oMtd on 1 April Hvl^ 'v ■•' ■•■■T 
hin paroU- 10 luvp bis hou.*»> in Ik; 
Clow.audiu the t'tillowiujt August ^^ I 

pcrmisKion to lalie horw uerriiu- ^ 
miW of I^midon. lie had N^u fin- 1 , 

and bi.4 «4ates bad been &><C|uestered. The 
ecqueetnUion,bowijvor,waHdiHcbar{iiKl<m his 
tiikin^llu'rovfiiaiit(14F<'l>. 1(U3-4),aadaL 
the fMaa time he wae F«t at liberty. In lOttf 
he printed for private circiilBtion n Toliinld 1 
Terwentit!ed'0ria8apra,"andanMlit;rvoUit 
by liim eutitM'Fujritive Poi.'trv\'fMnsi*tir 
cliiptly of epifninip*, atroelic^ and 
in Kojllinli ftitd [jitin.mitfgp'ile.l by (he evt 
of tbe interre^um, is amon? the maniKcrit 
preserved at Apthorpo. In l&*>:i bit tu.-a't 
a pt^litiou prAaented by tlw Northflmirtonsbi 
landownetH to tho council of tnwB 
that (tep* ■h'liilf! lie token to rounler 
etforta of !h»' clolhworkerH lo roonopot 
wool trade. IU9 6ubmi»^ion to the 
ment wan OTtrlfifiVed at. Ihir Rcstoratic 
he wa» appointttd, i^intly with the Knrl 
Uridgewater, ionJ-ii^utenant of Nortbut 
l<]iii<hin>nn II July lOtX). In hilS'J awai 
wasixsundforthe pnymeut lo !;i:ii "r'-O/.tNitj 
the secret ppFvire monev. II- 
1665. He miirrivd tnicu. 11- 14 




I 



<■ lilw of Sir Williara ThornharBt 

• '■ !Mint. hy whom lit* Iin»l tinu mjn, 

i - iCTdM liiiii, nri'l flv"* (iaugli- 

iiir-!TKiJ Mitrv, seconJ lUu^hti^r 
nl ViTtMif 'rill>iiri-, vf idtiw of .Sir 
atit-'tii) of liiiriilmin, Norfolli, by 
Mi'liiitn h<- liud A son, Vcri^ Fnne, nlio "ue- 
oeedrd UiH btotber Cliurlfji an fi>arib<!ttrl,aiui 
four daugbten. 

CdIHuoV Peenire CBrydgea), iii. 20JS-6 ; Hist- 
iCoinni. 4thBtn. App. 4HI: lEnp. 00 tJnii.lj- 
I6S ; llep. on WeMDiotlnnil MS:^. App. 41 ; 
OsL fMt* I^ixre, ttam. 1S40 p. IK, 14141-3 p. 
944, l8AU3p. -ITI.IfiAJ p. 200. 1661-3 p. 431; 
WhiUloclu-'-Mflin. pp, 83. 143; NiroWiilliit.of 
Knlghlliiwd. iii. xri ; LonU' Journ, t. 443, 8M, 
Ti. I»S. 263 A, 272, 3»a, 43^ A. 427 •>. 701 h. 
703a.] J. U. R. 

FANE, ridSCILLA AN.XK. t'orxixw , 
UF \Vl»rMoiu.»!f» ^ITOa IH7y>.lourlli rbild ' 
of Waii»m \\t>il''»l'-'y-ruU', third vni\ viMvru- 
tnfftai), aiulhari>n.^liiryU>r<iu);li,i>v Kntliurinr 
EIiBAlielli, flWcsi daiijrlitpr of Admiral ibf , 
lliin. Jdliii Fwrl«'«, w»s bom 13 Arnn'li 171W, : 
•nd marriwi ?il .Inn*' I SI I Jnlin y\nc ^i-v."!, 
ihi-n l.ordBiuvherali.Tvhonftprwnrdsbt'camL- 
t-]' ■ ■ ■' '' ' f "." ■morlatid. Shi'w.i,*(ni 
jii ' aod a dUtiiufuUbi^d I 

ttii.i. '• N> J] i..<<i . • '.lii^himli iihc 4.-xiiit»itt-d I 
ax figiirv pUv«-8 in the ^iidblk Sltvet Exhi- | 
bitifjn b>it.wi>«-u IH.'(.'{ tiud 1841, and Af[i*r- i 
wuda in liS42 nnd 1^" M>nt two »:ripttini1 
Mubjts-t* lo ihi^ Ilritixli Inat it tition. Ilrrpic- i 
tun at Anne, cnunlftfa of Mominfrton, sur- I 
mmi'!..! Iiv her thrw di«tingiii>'li(xl fons, , 
il fijiii* of Wi-lWW. Artliiir, dtike 

t'l u, and Ileury, baron t'owOey, hits 

Ixy-ii eii^rav^, and u* wll knowi), Slw di*!d 
ftl 2n Portnifln S«jiiiir.-, Ltmdon, If* Kch- 1870. 

" WAS buried at Apthorpe, NortibufhploDr 

iw, a-j Ft*. 

[Tinif*. 20 PeK 1B79, p- 5, und 29 F.-b. p, 9; 
AiiDunl Ki'ci^ter, 187&.Chranid«, r. I7fi : UraTCH* 
Diet of .\rtUta, pp. 30, 252; Hortuug Pod, 
WFrt-. 1879. ^ 5-1 O. C. B. 

FAyE(.rVANE.SiaILVLVH (d. 1552), 
cti-.-m. (! I'-riLlIig-dronspinicT, >^ix t'nlymii 
cf ' iiii'or Vftiumf Kiidiow,Ktint,who 

K . ; Kent in Kilk^, mtd ({nndsno of 

IIr:£n ir Aiui iT \'ntio of I f tldctibonntgb, Ttin- 
bridj^v lit! diitmguiiibvd liiawelf at the aictfo 
nf Dim]i)f;ii<.' in 1'j4-I. wbeu bo was kniKhtf^; 
vw uominatcd undor llcnrr VIIls will | 
•towAnI i«iib Sir Willifiui Cfrintr) of nil 
my lord cif I.iDroinett laiidrt,' and, aft*r fight- , 
io_ ' •■ ^n at MuuqI- ; 

b.. r-banoMfiC. { 

».ii.i "J HI- i.i iU-iuf be shared 
of Kdward VI, and received from I 




' him in lHaO o prnnt of liu^ mannrs of Pnn^ 
' burnt mid LTgbo, iJie forf-.'ilod property of 
' Edward Sl/iff.ml, ilnkc nf Uiu'Vinf^buin. tn 
October 15Jl,wh>>ii theDukeof Nonhuaibt'i^ 
Und bftilrc-solv'-dtiu I bt'dcsLruot ion of Somer- 
set and his supiKjrter*, Fone was uu« of ihoso 
cbar;iiKl witbconapirinp; to tuurtlerXorlhuui- 
UTUiid. ![(■ wii»arrt-ittcd 'in a i^tiiliK- of his 
tnau'sat Lauitwtlt iiiid«r tbi? ittraw,' anil luint 
lotheTower(J5y*/«*-</ JT^ Journal, IflOcl.) 
On ^7 Jan. 1551-2 b'.> uiu put on liis trial 
on tht> treaaonabli? rlinrpii of cuii>piriu|; to 
kill Tariuus privy councillors, iuid,iii GpJa- of 
biD appoals to his |Kut luiliurj- »er\-icM and 
his Strong denial of ^ilt^ hn wn^ senteiK'ocI 
to dealfa. The kin;; de'crilted him nt tba 
trial m' answering I ikt; ariil1iAn'(ii6. 27 Jan.) 
A waimnt wiu ftign«d by Edward, 'J^ i^alh, 
and Fane ■was hooded the nest day on Tower 
liill. Of tbrw compaoiotw oxocutvd at tho 
flame time, Sir Mile* ParthdgK wa* hnngcd, 
and ihcolhur two, SirTbonuisArundell and 
Sir Micbut^l Stonbupi', wen> bebi-Bib-d. On 
Lhfi acB^oId Fane repeated hifl plen of iiiiii>- 
cviic(>,>itt<l t« «aid to nave addw: ' My blood 
Ahallbetheduke*alio1^rr&nlnnf(nAhi;lin>th' 
t(_'.U(ini»,/i!cjwn/H*,€|iiolinK'GalliciiIteIalio,' 
ed. Ih70, lip. 307-**; Heti.TS, llrf-trmatinn, 
Iy71, p. 117). Fane's forfeited uiuncir of 
Pcnsburst waA immediately be^towud on Sir 
\\'iUiiitu Sidney, and all tho eockl)! and chiit- 
ttls found in Fane'» buuiie at We«tmiii^ti>r on 
Sir John Ciiitu,a cnrnture of Xurtbumlx'rland. 
•Slrypn Ktatcx tb»t Klizn.b«th, Liidy Faue or 
Vane, who prored ' a liberal benefactor of 
Cknl's Mints during the Marian perwculion, 
and ofti^n correspondrtl with Pltilpot and 
itrndford, was Fane's widow. She died in 
IIollK>m, Londoo, in I5titt (l-'oxB, Act* and 
MmHitient*, 1*12, vii, iM; STBrrE. JSrc/. 
Mrm. vol. iii. pt, i. p. L'liO). 

{NicWh's LitCmrf K«muaa of l-Mirnnt VL 
(IU.ibur,;h..Club),Ua.ywaril'»Lif«ofBdwimIVI; 
ItuiUd's Kent. i. 411. \'iii Cotliiu'a Pecrago, 
cd. Ur7<Lff<<A.iii. 284; Itnidfurd'e Wor1u(P«Tk«r 
Sw,), vnl. ii.; Pliilpot's WritingBa'«iwrS<K.); 
Od. Suit* PapOT, Km. 1-547-80.] 8. L. L. 

PANE, KOHEUT OEOltOE CECIL 
(1706- 1804), Innkruplcy cx)mmif»ioncr, tliir- 
teentb and youngMt child of the Hon, Henry 
Fane and .\nni'.'Liu[:btt*rof Edwnrd Buckley 
lIutAou, and br<;(b'^r of Sir Ilenrj- Fane (q. r. j, 
waa bom 8 )lar 1796, and eduoatMl at ttia 
ChnrlvrhouM fmm 1908 to 1013. He matri- 
oulnl<:d from Ilalliol College^ Oxford, TZ May 
IKl.'f.Bnd wiiK alU-rwartU t dctDT and Mlow 
( 1*124 -3.'>)ofMa«dab-uCoUewe,t>xfor<!,wbi'Te 
ho prrvfM-ded B.A. 1817 and M.A. 1(*I0. He 
wascalledU) Wtv bar nt 1j(ni:oln'A Inn IJiine 
1 H'l I ,Knd noon enjm-i>d a conwdcnble practice 

X3 



•ane 



i8q 



Fane 



as an equUyliarmtttr. In 182S Ijurd HMon 
ftppointMl him one of lli(> five commiHsianf^n 
of itie 'Tliirlwt-ntii IM.' nnd m, ■» !)»«. 1S31 
h«WA« ii^n>i»at<>() br I<Ard llmiiirliani oiip nf 
thewxoonuDissiooenwtiuwvretu hold oiWw 
under the n«w nor. «lAb1iiihmg Elii^ court of 
hiuikrupUv. In lat«r life Iils judicial bearing 
yfiu iiikrk«d by tin DC'CPDlriclty of nunncr, 
but although hia dcci«tiott8 wura lirKquontlv I 
tliv subject of conuneal. very few of lits 
juil^enlA vorti r«TOrM-d an Appoal. Ho 
waa nuclt intfirc^tod in rail^s'tiy HcUotnO', 
and wiLi fiw Mtiw TMiw » director of the 
EBf<tom Comitira nilwny. As a mBmbLf of 
the Lnvr Ain<-iidtuiiiil. Socli^tv hi> vriui a cciii' 
distil' atu-ndnnt at the weelilj meetinfrs in 
LtncAst*^ Place. Fiini- wn* lui nnlt^nT lovnr ^ 
of field sports, lUid whu vA\ knnwn in rhi) | 
Leicester bunte ; he wsa iiUo a patron of the < 
fine nrtn, nnd poaaMwd it colluntion of pbiot- 
iu^ Hodivaflt the Bunloa Hotel, >V ey- 
tnnutli, 4(>ct. Idftl. H(*nmrnedfirRt,24 Jniio 
I83&, IiMb(<ll» Mnry, youn^-^l diiug)il«r of 
Admiral Sir KUab 1 larvev, G.C.B. ; aha died 
at Uollfi Parli, niitrwoll.lS Dec. 1838; and , 
secoodlVi 7 Si')it. IH41, Harricl Anmi, nnlv 
dAU|flit«-r of AdraimI the Hon. Sir Henry 
Blaoltwood, bivrt. ; tshw died 31 Dw. 18i«i. 
By hia first wifi^ Fune had nn issnip. Ry his 
Beoond wife hi> had a son, Cvcil Francis Wil< 
linm, and two dnii^bters. 

FRnDwusthi-writerofthefoUawiu^ works: 
I. ' iji>tt«r addresBvd to Ibc Attorn vv-Qene- 
n1 [Sir John OampbellJ oa his Dill for the 
Abolition nf ImpriaoQinent for Debt,' 1837. 
2. ' Bankruptcy Rufonu, in a scries of Le4l«n 
ttddrassixl to 8ir K- IVel,' letters i-iii.. )8B8. 
8. ' Bankruptcy Reform." lotttfra i%--vii.,1S38. 
4. 'Obt^rmt.ionsoa thi' prupoeud AboliliuQof 
ImpriK'iiiiDMtit for Debts on Mesne l*rt>cft«s, in 
ft I-eticr to Sir K. I'm!.' 1838. 5. 'Outline of 
a PKn for Tmpnivine l.lit- L«lw of l>trbtor nnd 
Creditor, without Abolishing ImpriKPniaent 
for ViM' IW-I. 6. * A Utt*.r to Lord Col- 
lonbam on till) pn>-*<-n: iiasiiion of Hi-r M«- 
jfsly's Cymmis»ionere nl the Oourt of Bnnk- 
niptcy, and svig^'M inf; a mom extended use 
of that Court in matters of Account,' 1S48. 
7. * BankniptCT Reform, in a series of Let- 
t«ra nddrejised Lo W. Hawee, Ksq.,' liMtvm 
i-iv., I8t'<. 8. ' Mitiiatry of Juaticr ; ili« iie- 
OMsltr M an Ttittrument of Law Befortn,' 
1848.' y. *Sk«ch of an Act to I-JitAbIi«h 
TMuutt-Richt in ronforraity to tho prinriplM 
Bii0F))M4id 111 an article in tbw"L<w Itcvitw" 
for Novrrab.-r IMS, signn) C. ¥..' 1849. 
]0. 'Tcnanl-Iiighl, its aocessily as a means 
of protmrfliig jfood Forming,' No. ii, 1848. 

[Timo. 8 Ort. 1864. p. 9; UwTimM, 15 Oct. 
ISS4, p. ^3; Owit. Mng. D«csni1>«r 1864, 
p. ;w ; Foam's P««ng»0 G. C. B. 



FAKE, SfR THOMAS (<i. IWI|, i»,li- 
tician, waji the elder of two Tlioioss T'anf*, 
(he SODS of Owirp; Fan" of HntUi'll, tit tbv 
pnri.^h of Tiidi>lr.v, Knit, by hi= vifr .lonn, 
daughter of William Waller ■ ' ■ 
in the same coiinly. Harin;. 
iniomm* Wyntt'ii rebellion of 1'>'j1 U^ '.silj 
committed prisoner to the ToU'vP. attainted 
of high tn>a»t.<n, and a warmiit i««ue<l for hi^ 
execution; but thi- quevii, pitying hi« roatb, 
pardoncil bim by a bill nd<lr)?Aied to her than 
c<-lltir, Stephen (^anliticr, from St. Jiimek'i 
on 18 .^liifV-h 1.V4 (ItVHKH. Fird^a, edit, 
I7W-35, XT. 373). A week later he was n^ 
(ttorcd to hit librrty und vi>lnlv> (^Stow, An- 
naie». edit. Ifilo, pp. ((l'2, «23). Fane wtu 
knjfihtwl »t Itover C'anlle Ltl .Vup Iri73 by 
RoWrt Dudli'v. wirl of Ldoi-tor, in tliw pi 
sence of (^iie«n Kiixalx'lh. In November 15 
hi? was uppoinFed a deputT-con>mi««if>n''r 
witLiii ihc county of Kfnt fur tV* iacrciuu 
and brewl of hor^ea, and for the keopiui; of 
horaiv tuid L't-'Idintt« to serTlct! {Cnt. >SVn/e 
Pttj>frr, Horn. iril7-tiO, p. Ilttfi). Wh^n tb*. 
Annads wns oxpertf<! be did piod to'rviiv in 
diiipiMin|{ foTx;ps >bin,i th^ ciMMt of Kent (t&. 
IWI-0{>, pp. 4rr<, m\, mi). lie di»l on 
13 March (not on '2^ Feb. as on his tomb) 
lfi88-9, and ivaa Imrir^i al Tudcley, whcni 
his bodv was aJterwanU removed to Merv 
worth, "iveiit. His will, pi^ed at Ita'li>t'll o 
7 March 1588-0, was not pn^wd until lOl-Vl 
1580-1 (re^iatAred in P. C- C. 10, Sainb^rbet. 
Fane marnml, fir«t, Elizabeth, dinighlor of 
Sir Thomn* Polf-iiriier of Bwhri-bury, Kfnl, 
who died childle&s; andaecondly,ou 12I>M- 
1^74, at Birling, Kt-nt, Lwlr Mary N('ville, 
POl«> dsught«r and helre^^ of llctiry, hnron 
Abergavenny, by whom he had a numi-roiM 
tiMiui^. In liRr ri^ht hi' b«ran)ii |Mii»>B«>i'd of 
iho eotitle nnd manor of Mnn-worth, Kent. 
His widow, by letters patent bearing dale nt 
Westminister on 3.'> May li^H, wa* rc.<torc<l 
to the name, style, and di)inity of Jlomn'"M« 
I>.' Ifc'Spcncer and to the heirs of" 
with tb>> ancient wieat, ^luec, and y 
of her anc^Ators. A<i tar b^ck a."* \-<^'- -u 
had claimed the iMTouy of AWrgaitrna;^ 
Rfipun.nl EdwnnI NeviHc, tlm heir initlti. 
Jamas I compn^misQd the matter by allotting 
tbp Imninv of l.e 1 li'^peiicnr to t hit beir f{t>n 
ral, and tlie barony of Aberptt\>-nny to 
heir male (C'-oU-lsa, B-trunit* (ty Writ, nn. tfl 
UW). PrtpcrB relating: to her ca**. with co 

{ious marginal not«« and olM^rrntious _^ 
jord Burgiilev, are preserve! in the ItfHNjnt 
OOlcr. ( CnV. «!■«/? Pfl/N-r*. D.im. l-Wl-IW, [ 
rrfH,IJ74, l.'yyi-H4,p-401>. Sb«dirdL'.SJuii 
16211. up.'d 7'2, and was buried v\:\\ h.^r ht 
bandat Merrwortb. Theirtil'!' ' -iCM 
VkSV., waa created K.B. at tb it ot 



e- 
i/<^^ 



rm 

1 

on ^H 



Fanelli 



i8i 



Fanning 



Jiuno I, lo Julv lltOS. Olid wiu udfiiticctl 
in tiM- x\t\fii of tturon Burghnnli luid J^rl 
at W,«:iii/irlBnil iS !)«:. 1624. He diM 
:»Marvli le-i^ttiwd IS. 

[CoUitt*'* PmsruEiji (Brrdfei). iii. 300-4 ; Hm- 
tcd'o Ketit (ful.>, il. 28^-7, 303.1 ^- *^- 

FANELU, FRANCESCO (/t 1010- 
IIMV>), slntuiiry, n luitivc uf tloiviiw, wna 
i-*>l«]irHtrd in (ll)^ n-ii;ti nf C)iurU-» 1 fur bis 
hiehlyfiiiialiivl worliHmniciul. which HIV cuu- 
cioier^ u jvigseMin^ hti-hxr litiiili, Tlmii^b 
tew bold dT-^t^, than the warkn of Ilulwrt 
lie Soeur [ij, *■.] It IS jirobabli" that h" tniiy 
havi* bct>nutnon)rib'_'fiiri'ipnnniM.s i-niployiij 
l>» H>?nry.l>rinfi;of WaU'^.ai ICielimond ; in 
tJiU fiSax iv mny Iibtl^ wroiijfbt the •>i^hlv<ai 
liUlp tlon-iitiii-; liTiUi-» H«tiies whirh urt* 
notnl by \'«nd-r Uoort in bis c-alah>g^c of 
(luirlt'ii IV workt; uf art, uid whiuh urc 
riaCi-d to hiiv>> come In hiii iiiajfLsty by the 
d<TWi«f of Prmfv. Ilfiiry. lu the eame ool- 
|t^iuuBrenol«d'alittbTUiinin|;b(inH!,('u]ml 
Htliuff on, Aiid anotlipr Oupid ninning By,* 
Uid ' a liitlf^ i^l. Ucor^ on borH>bnck, witli 
a dragon by,' both of bniM, and by tbft ' nn<^ 
eywl llnlinu Fnmcisco KanoUl.' U« waa iu 
nwfrijit of an annuity from the kiafi, and cn- 

i'oyMitlictitlcof' !4!vilplorti<lli<-kiiigofOruat 
Ihtain.' Aronnbng lo SuiuL-art, I'aiu^lli first 
ottlaincd tbe nolici* of the king from n b-mnli 
Bpuv of Fvfpnalion wrougbl in i^orv, and 
fOlNb^U'-nT fv niadn many vilspa in ivory and 
BOarHe.exwlliRd, howover.mofttly inbronxv. 1 
lie was al»o mt ronitKKl by William ("avpn- ; 
diab, ditku of Ni'wcastle, who bad wvpral ot 
luj work* at SVellKck, iiil-liidin^ a biixt of i 
[;[,B.-i..^ I -'L-ncii Hud datwl ItJlO. Amon§f | 
oM fiv him, '■■r a>>cribc«l to biTn, «r^ ! 

lb- <l i'lmrl^^ I and Hi^nriT-tta Maria 

(pi'i'bape n-alty by Lc yovur), prw»-nti?d by 
Arcbbmiiop Ijiud to St. .folinV Oolbm*. Ox- 
fofd, where thny ttJind iu iiitb-.^ in xU'y qua- 
dnuiglo ; tin* iDonninitnlal btml of Sir llobert 
Ayto» in Wt^atioini'i.fr AWx'y: ihi' bronzu 
biwt of rbarlvs 1 in tbuchun-b ii! lUuimt'r- 
•■itb, jumI iirnilnr huntK in ilii> Itodkian Li- 
|)fiin',<Hr>^rd,\VindAcirCafltle,iindi>lw>wh)-n>; ' 
)>• ' -~ untain at llatDplon ('nun ; and ' 

ui - iiiinb of Lord I'ottiiitfloii in ; 

^^ ._-.iimt!~t.'r Abbtj, mid of Pi-nuloiii' Nucl in 
C'atDpdto Churrh. <.'>b'iiwstvrtihin.'. About I 
IWy bi» apjwao to haii> j-nne to l*ari«, and 
Ihrrtt it) no r»-iiir<l of Iuh liaTtng ri^l urix.-d to 
Koflaad, In tbftl yiu be ]HibU*bfd a knt (if 
MgraTinifv. ■■niiiK-d ' Vam Arcbitrcturt' di ^ 

llpdnlU (irii i -I* !w.»nty ] 

plati'ji uf foil! I >-uiliou of 

thui niu publi^liul 111 iTilJl ; llif i-n^Tavinn 

have hum vtaii-d to be b; W. l-'aithonia too 



obler [ij. V. I, but lh« atrribul ion do^^ not ap- 
pear lo rv«t ou bucier grounds than a i.'asuaL 
suriutire of \'ertue. lie piibliAliCHl ftome Olber 
niiuilnr wurkH| Auch as ' Kuntaiiiva t-l J«ta 
d'Kau dvaainfia d'anrAi lea plua beaux Ueux 
d'ltalie,' and * IV>win8 do Qrottee.* 

[Widpuln'M Anoni nf Pxinting, ixl. IlaUa«»T 
aauWoranni ; Alarivlta'sAbcccdario; R«dgmvea 
IHi-l, of Ar(ist»; (railmard'a U* Uultrca Orna- 
nuuiiktM; Venau's Cat. of KinuCliaHtarBCol- 
k-etion: Cat Stat» i'kMra, Dora. Ser. (8 May 
18W>.1 L C. 

PAKNINO, UDMrNfl (1737-1818), co- 
lonial governor, bom in Long Island, aUlA 

of Nww York, iu 17'J7, was not linprobcbl^' 
deficcndril from Kdmuiid Fanning, who, it la 
said, vkh pud from Dublin during thu Irish 
miti^af.rr- of ItUl^aml nrti-ridi-n'nyrars' wan- 
dering found a real ine-]>]iu:4! in Aincnca in 
that pari of Nciw l>ondon nowcalludOrolon 
fHAVAof;, Ctnmloff. Diet, of Finl Selllfratif 
Arw Enyltiwt, ii. I40t- lie waa ;(rudu&ted 
at Yak- in l7o7, and af^'rwarilD prnctii«c<1 as 
a LawyttF in UilUborou^h, Nortli Curoliaa, 
where he waa appointed coloDcl of militia in 
17G3, clork of the supt-riur court in 17G5,und 
was kubacqut'iitly elected to llit* let;L->latur(!. 
Another ollicc liL'ld bvfainiuaif the ri-vonliir- 
h}iii) of ilenla, uiid to luM abimm of this truMt 
nnii fnvudulcnt rh&r^ was inainly owing 
tile rebi'llion of (he n.-){uUloni in Oovernor 
Tryon'.'* ndminiiitraiion. Through his mal- 
practicce 'nearly all the estates in Oran^ 
L-oiinty were l(>iidc<l with doubtit aa to their 
titltut, uiul new and uuneeetwary <li>«dd wfiro 
deiuandwl,' Added to this bi> lenl in quell- 
ing oppixfilioii 10 the siAverc t^ucUons of tho 
pjveriinteul, and iu briugiug the lendvfK uf 
IhAt oppoflition to the 9c«Hbld, rendered him 
obnoxiouH to the peuplu. To utH»pe their 
fury li*- nccotnpiinii-d lii* father-in-law, (lo- 
vemorTr>-on. to New York in 1771 aa hitt 
priratp aecnttiirj-. When b"- mibwquenl ly 
applitnl to lliH North Carolina legialatun*, 
through (ioTernor Martin, the iiucce»9or of 
Governor Tryon, for com]H>nsation for lossca 
from do«tniction of hia propvrty, Ui« pi'tilion 
mat with n unanimous rejection, and rhei 
govoniOT wn« ceimim.-d fjr prtSL'ntiug it ond 
thu* Hriflinff with the dignity of the boiiM.*.' 
Ills MTvitee to theerowii. howtver. wcrw nut 
foruottt'n, and in 1774 he rtii:r-iv<;d fruui tlie 
Itnliali government the pmGlablo offiee of 
Giir«eynr-g»nenil. In Iii7 ho raised and 
commandi>d a rorpa of -IfiO loyalist^, which 
came to be known as the ' uAsocialed rel\i- 
pN-s' or • kiiijT's American reaiinvnt.' DuriuK 
the war lut wua twice wounuvd, and in 1779 
hia properly wb8 L-uiifiM.'uted. Towurd-i the 
eluN of tho war huui^rated. to Novafkotis, 



Fanshawe 



182 



Fanshawe 



jiai ttn ciUtir an<] liuutciiftnt-govL-rnor 

Pst«non u liflutenant-coTernor of the island 
of St. John in llw ulf uf 8t - LBwrrnoe. A 
rb&Tp>of tyrtinny [iri'fRrrnd against hiin while 
holdLDc thu oflSce was dtsmiKed by the privy 
ooiinril on I Aug. I7fl2 {Report *•» frrrain 
Omtplaint*, &c.) In 17W) he was chosen 
1i«ut«nAnt>favemor of Prince fc^lwnrd Islam), 
an Appointment which h<- trtnini^d until ftue- 
ii<eded, on l» Slav lt»l, bv J- K. \V. D«r 
naiTM (GCT|^ Map. vol, btxiv. pt. i. p. 
47l'>). lie was made a colonic in ihc llriiiMi 
Anny in Depcmber 17W, majof^iipral in 
October 1793, lieutcnant-et^'ucrar in Juno 
1790, and (p^ncral in April ISOH. Thu hono- 
rary dcRTee of H.A. wa.'- cnnfflm-d on him hy 
IIIlnp^lm in I7fl4, and hy King's in 1771;; Ox- 
ford mudti him a I>XM.. 6 Jaly 1771. and be 
Kci-ired diplomas of LLXV from both Valir 
and Dortmouth in 1803. Fanninjr diH in 
Upp«?r S^-vraour J3lroi?I. Londoti, on iii Feb. 
181^ lie loft a \ridow and lhn:o daiu^t^rs. 
IIiH only ran, alio an »i£ci-r in ilw firitish 
army, uii>d bufon? Iiim (ffml. Alur/. vol. 
Ixxxvili. pt. i. p. 409). His portrBit hy God- 
dard luu tHMiii cngrsvod by Heading. 

(Applcton> Cydopttdia of Amrrit»n liinsgrti- 
phy, li. 406 -, Orargiiin Era, ii. 465 -fi , Cmalkins's 
Hint, of New Londun, pL 3uT a.; OudcrNJunk'n 
lIoTfihitiOEiarr Iivoidt-nta of 8uft>)lk find King^ 
Couoty, [1. 172 ; Oodenionk"» HBToIuliouiiry Jii- 
(iduile vf QDM'ii'b CuunLy. y, 217 ; Otidonlouk'x 
Qjor^i'd CoDDly in Ol<len TimMi, p. h'i ; 0\ioT<\ 
GnAwW* (1861), p. 223: KTaiu'<t Cat. of Kd- 
|[r«vcd rortmita, i. 116; Koykl Kalvodaro; 
Amy Luta.] G. O. 

FANSHAWE, ANNK. Ladt (lO^r. 
1680). [See undw Fa-vsiuwi:, Sik Ki- 
CDAiin.] 

FANSHAWE, CATHERINE MARIA 

n(U>-lH3'l),poet«s«, second da light erofJohn 
Fan&h&vi-o of Sbabdi-n in Chipstead, Snrrev 
(*. 10 July 17**. d. i6 Maroh 18HJ). who 
bdd the poailion of first clerk of the buard 
of KTOVD cloth uithuboUDBhuldofGeorgGlIIr 
bynis wife ]'enclii]n-,dHUfrhtfr and mid repre- 
BCDUtiTe nf Johii bmlgt! of Iteading {d. 
17 April l^(^)i WM bom at Shabden on 
6 July 1 76^. That v.«t.aiv woa rold on tho 
father's death, and the old house haa entirely 
diiapnrarod, hut th<» father and mothor lio 
burifd iiiiiicr a tomb in CfaipiiteBd churrh- 
yaril. John, the eldest aon, dind in I77S, 
nod Itobert Chnrlnt, the only other boy, in 
17flS; the HtHtTTM, their fathttr's roln-irvjuieii, 
lived together after hix death at l&Berkeley 
S>]uara,Loadoo,nndatMidbaT^ ITniise, Itich- 
niond, and bfdoDffed to a amall net of TM-ople 
' intimstety unit«a by a comnipu lore of litera- 



I UTD, art , and ecteoof! which existed ia I^Dtlon'' 
in the iwrly part of this century. Miu Fan 
.^bawewBj! endowed with variMi aMompliah- 
ment« and with n symtinthetic disposition; 
,ilie was rlu'only oui- of the thr«;wlv> wrotr 
vtrTttes, but all of them wiirt; good aniate. 
Thi^ir mnuiii^n, howwer, wcn? niarkod by 
e\c«ai>ivo fonuuliiv, and Cmlierine waa dijv 
formed and vgiy delicate. Mra. .Somenille 
aaysnf tho family: *I%'iatted tbes(rladic»,but 
their uinntifr> were t)u cold and formal that , 
thoit^ii I admired their lalcnta, 1 ncvfr be- 
came intimate with tliem : * and Jltss Deny, 
npeaking of tiie povlr.iH, Uid 'half lie r for- 
mality . . . upon the familr to which site 
Iwioiig*.' She WTW 'ndmirablp mi a lntliT- 
writer. as a reader of ^laki^Aiteare, and aft a 
desi^er in almost every style,' is the le^i- 
mony of Mi*? Jlitford, who «dd« tluil her 
friend's ' drawing's and elchinos were tboee 
ofanftTlist.' Lockhart calls ant ' B wonuuD 
of ran.- wit and ir^ulua in whoM toowty Scott 
greatly delichted.' and Scott himself sftyfl : ' I 
read MtKH (anvlian'e'a pieces, whii-h arv quilu 
bnaiiltful.' Sh(^ olTpri'd to roaku tlin Iter. 
William Hainus her hHr, but \if declinM) 
the ofi«r, and ahe left liim hor etching and 
mantL^riplA, from the latter of which h«< 
compiled htn* ' Memorials.' Penelapc', Iwr 
ehW sister, died in April 1833; Oaibi'riiM' 
Maria died at Putney Heath, afit^r a loni; 
and painful illneas, on 17 .-Vpril 18^J4, and 
both of rbem are commvnioratird, with th>?ir 
parenta and their two |]ro[her«,on thelomb- 
stoni' at Chipetcad. There is also in lUrh- 
mond jmrinh uhurch a ta)>l>-l to the inemonT 
of Penelopt?, wlio wos killed hv I ho fatal in- 
fluBni* ol th« fpring .)r I84t. Eli«b*rth 
Chriatiatiu, Iho youn^ir M*ti-r and ihi- la.'it 
survi^^rt-, died at Uidimond I'B .March ISJti, 
iiffed 7f^, Th" house in IWkek-y Squnrv- wtu- 
tlibn sold, and Midhurvt IIouM^ nt Kichmond 
was left to her firot cousin, the widow of thd 
ITon, Sir Robert Stopford. 

Wnt poems long rouained in inaniuicript 
or in private collections. In I7Kt she ro- 
turned a povm by Cowpor which lud bveti 
'lent to her on condition ahr aliould neilher 
show it nor take u copy,' and Hbe BC<.-uui]»inicd 
it by SJime * Stunxas iiddnwset) to Liidy lle<i> 
ketn,' which Cowper ackaowledcnl id aa 
answer of eigbt lines. Several of b«r pii'ci'a' 
went pahliahcd in Joanna Baillie'a 'Col 
tion of Poems' (18l'a). pp. (»-7", 167- 
aod niimerouA extracto from tbMo an 
in Mini .MiifordV ' Kecolh^tionaof a 
Life.' ller best-knowTi poem is the 
on the letter H, which lui^ \>wu ofti-n att 
buted Xn \jon\ Kymn, and ha.t lieen iuclu 
in at least two edit ions of hia works. It f 
^inated in • convcnation on thu rai»uM 



4 



i 



•atishawe 



m 



Fanshawe 



Ittal Irtler when t-hc wa» iti-i]i]tinj; with Mr. 
n«pn ul I)W'p.lt.-Hi', Surrey, tfhe wn>l«* it 
Murine tilt- aigiit, read Ibe line* to lliejTiK'Bts 
At lin>akfiLn next muruiu^', ami commitU'd 
tbem to Mr, Jliiim's alljmn, now prrst-rvinl 
at hflgf^hoTv, ivcar Cranlirook, K«nt. TLe 
OfvuiiifC lin« ontfinnlly rmn, 

TwM in hckvni (ironuuciceLi, aiid 'twu matlvrnl 

bat tfan iiecept«<l reading, and thi< ultcnttmn 
i« nnentllj assigned to JftiDos Smilh of tlw 
' Itgoclud Addrv«u»,' miw U, 

^«w< whiipcrod in bcaTcu, 'twas nultertd in 
li.tl. 

Two liiuM of It poem by Preed, whicli ap 
pMn^) hi tijf ' Morning Poil,' March If^w, 



4H (19M1 ; Mb* Ii»rr)-'« Joutob!, U. 4SI ; 
L' lC[>0«ng« B lUrncK*, pp.B9-IIM; >tr>. Socuui- 
vill«'» Recollection*. p. 222 ; Mis* Milfttrd'* Re- 
coll«i.li«i», i. 2«»-ft5; Loiikiinriii .^i)tt. v. 28T- 
asB: CowporH Workai. vii, -rjo. x. S3; >l»iiiiin(t 
aiid. llray's Sorrev, it. 2*«: NotM nnd f^uetitw, 
|«HMtr.r, 427. 2miiw.3t.293-4.3niiipr.ii. 178. 

' Ith MT. X. S^tO, Atli wi. ii, 4}-4,&ihHr.ix.-JU9, 
7th ter. ii. 3fli). 4A7. iti. 'A3, 73-4. IAS : BrByltf'i 

: domy. if. 3<H. :n>7.1 W. K C. 

FANSHAWE, SiB HENRY (!«»?- 
1610), romombriinLwr of llie i!xch«iuer, Iwm 
about 15(jy, was elder son of Tlionuw Vnn- 
«liawe [q. v.], by bistirst wife. Mdrj-, duuelilor 
of Antony IJourcliifir. In November 1680 
bw bi-rAini! n ktuilfnt of the Inner Tumplo 
{StuJfnts of the Inntr Temple, I571-Hi2''», 
p, 64^. In lOll.un bli fallit-r'* dtath, he 



Mtrgntw] h«r ' Spwwli of liii> Menib^r for mlicnted VVnn> Park. Elertfunisliirv, a hoii*« 
fhtiiim,' n |Mii?tio iM|uib on CohbtMt, who wit ji, Warnick Lime, Lomlon, find a jiari of 
/orOIdhiun, which was afltTwurds printed for ^ ii[_ John'* Wood, on conrlition that he should 
pritiHe circulation, A fi-w i-<>jiie*of her'Mc- pcvvidv lodging with himself for hi.i ntfji- 



noriAl^,' which contained in'jst oi bt-r poems 
owl nine pbot<?gmphs from bir ■•t<-Uiii|:s, were 
printed liy llamas in lf4H.'i for circulnli-jn 
•monF; h"r friend*, and 'J'tO cflpi'-* '*f ' Thu 
Lilt'niry liemain>i of Cntbi-rinc Marin. Van- 
nbftwe. " With uDlc.^ by thi' laif Rev, Wiilium 
!Ian>«'it»,'wtrr«> ii(su«ibvl'ickfriiicin1Sr6. A 
Ieft<>T and a potm bv bur am in MiB» B«rrj-'s 
'Joumnl,' ii. :^t7-ab-J, and in iii. .VJ« b ifl 
a pi*m frith lb.- hPadmp *Th« Coaniry Cnt 
dnckeled by Miss i-ani-bawfi ; ' in ' Slnrray'* 
M»pwiiHJ,''i. ti (IfWT), is" printed an t-xtract 
fcrnn Oiw of her letters, (iw«ribing a dinnf-r 

Birtynt SirHninphry PaTy'BhniiBc.at vrhkii 
vron and Mitdiime do Siael mot. A. tomb- 
•i(»np ill f 'liiiJ^lead churchyard To the memtn^ 
nt a farmer imin some lines fiTitten by Mim 
Faofibawe. Tlireeof hfry«ein««re included 
in l.^H-lit-r'3. ' Lvra Klegantiariim.' 

Two . if her iJiclcb-booU? now I»elonji[ to the 
wife of I'anna (ir-forv of Jft. ranl'a Cathe- 
dral, danebter' if MinsFunsbawe's first couEin, 
1 . ' ■■>nl ; on" of ibew contains Xivvn 

,.■ \ nx-lory, and of the winery in 

1 lurcb corm-r of Ilam|>*hire; the 

'TVi* WJSnfs sketched lu a trip 
(■ Mi.,.rtli- VTiTint C>'ni«. Mrii.tjre- 

- II ■ . wni.'rHvdourdraw- 

j ; ' .-. ^iluMnvtine Shake- 

- of Man.' S<!Vfral of 
ibe pmperty of Mr*. 
tin-2"rT's«iM'TK, the.MiiiW'^Sttipfordiif Kii'h- 
ri' I'l I Many of them nrr fonrign skoicht*, 
.: ■ -nus in Ilfliy, I'ut -ome dulini'iit« 

1 I ncry. Miiu Fansbnwc paid nu- 

III' Ti^kLc ^iiiU to the south of Kuro[>tt for the 
(,.r..«r 'if hirr health. 

■ion frt-m Mif. Oretorr and Miw 
viiiiiial Uiogmpb; and OLiluary, xix. 




inotIii?rJonnnudforhidi*i^*t«rsundste|>8ialer8 
untiltheiruuirriaKe(flee/'«/i«Art(r* ti'i/if.ot. i. 
pp. 40-H)- He aUo auww-dcid lo bifi fitttvr'a 
nlrice ba rpni'-'mbranctr of the eschetiuur. 
Accunling lo tlif teiliinoor of his dnnghl<'[^ 
in-law, Anne, wife of Sir BicIuirU Faiiehawa 
[(J. v.], Queen Kliiabethdwacribed Henry Fan* 
sLiiwe ft* ' I !n> best officer of account^! »b« bud, 
and a person of ((Tent inti^«rily.' lie wm 
elfCtedil.P. for Wt-sthury.Wiltjhiro.l Nov. 
1588, and s^'oiu in Februurr i&92-'*. He t.al 
for Il!>rougLLriJKe, York.*bire( in ihe mrlia- 
tnent aummoned in the autumn of IWi- On 
7 May UWa be was knighted. Prinoc Henry 
woA friendly with him, and liad the princ« 
lived be would iIouLiIkss have bcC-iine a 
Secretary of state. lie van an eutliusiafltil 
«tiident of Italian, and devolvd much titnaj 
to the rearing of hi^rwa, which he rode to lit' 
^-antagii, I.ady Faushawo njport« theconn 
of a ne(;otiation Iw-r.wi'^n biin and the Earl 
of Exeter as to the mie of a valuable burw ' for 
U hundred pieces.' 'His retinue wa.* great, 
aud that mado him ^ri'tcli bin estate, which 
was nijar if not full 4,t»00/. a year, yet wbcn 
be dieil bo left uo debts up<m bifl i^^lnlt-.' 
Camden tn mid by Lady Fiiii>baw# -.o <le«(Tibe 
Fanshawc's g»ni«n at'Warc Park lut unsur- 
ptta«*diiiEngl»ndforit6flo«erii,physic-lierh!., 
and fruits. He dii-d juiddenly, at thi' ftp? of 
forty-eight, aT. Ware.eurly in 5larcb 1(JK>-1U, 
and wm buried in Ihe church tbtre I'i March. 
•He wai,* write* hi.* daiichter-in-law, • a» 
haodscme and as Qae a Kenlleniun a* England 
ibeii had, a most exci-llent husl»and, lalher, 
friend, and iwtrvaut to bix prince.* 

Fanshawe married Elicnbeth, dauf^hter nC 
Tli'inia^ Sinilh or Sm>the of 
K.eul, by wUoui he bod lix. suuj : Tltoinu, fint 



■anshawe 



1S4 



•anshawe 



Kini'iii (lUU4-in80t,' iin>>rwB7<J« Sir Simnii. 
\V'iiltfT(hi|>tiHr<lI.S»-i)I..IflO-'»).Kicliiird[i|.v.], 
Mill SU(J»iiHl<lia|>li»«l^H.tuui; U!Il); Ik-skIi-s 
four dftughteTE : Alive, Mirv, Juim (bujulMjil 
4Jtn.H»ft-7), Ann« {iHipli'-sUi Auj,', ItWJt. 
HiBwidow.wlin wasli-irnin UiTi.ntii! wIiowk 
TtrtlHM an- hijtlilv toiniin*inii-d by Anni-, Imlv 
I'ftnsbawc, btT diiii)!;hr.T-in-liiw, eurnvt'd tilt 
16;tl, bciiii: Wripil at Wiiw a Juno. 

Sir Uenn's will (dnt^^i 13 Nov. 1013, un.1 

SiTOTUfl April IfilOt (ipi^n? with a long (iro- 
WHion of ultHcbnii^Dl to tbi- proU'slinl rt^ 
liffion, and up^winla lila widow, bcr bnjibcr 
SirKichiiriiSiuilb,a»i] biseli,leslson,Tboniiis, 
afterwards first Viscount Fiin«bowp, t-xccu- 
tonf. Aiii'^ii); \i\» prujisrly iii'iiilioii if uia(!>! 
of picture* in nil, jirinls, drawings, mi'tUls, 
cngnrt!^ stontiti, snnuiir. bouks, aud iDueical 
iindruiiii-nl-^ munt of wbicli wtre to be re- 
tnored from lib l^ndoii hoiiee in Warwick 
Lane to Wure Piirk.niid tbi-rn tn n^nirni fur 
ever M hoirlooin?. \.ni)v Vtinnhnvif's vill, 
~M'«d-»01Vb.l0l'9-3O,wa; proved L'Jiii»e!f«L 
[X'jintt (>)'Oc«Wioiil BtiJ Ilistoricjil of tin- Vun- 
lib»wo I-'nmilv. «)uirc .Sir Hcnrj's fun<>mlr[rtili- 
r».tir iind »ilf ivre prinl«ii aT letiRtli ; Mrmnir of 
Anne, lAd.v ruii>liii»«. ed. NkviUs (1829|; Oliit- 
t«rl>iii-k'ii IlcrtfoTvisliitv-. iii, W4-6; NidtoU's 
Progresaea of JtiiiiM I ; CUI. Stnlo l*«p«r>, IK-im. 
ISOri'lS: Ketumii of Uembcvn of I'ltrlinmont, 
i. 426. 4»1, 13G.] S. L. L. 

FANSILAWE, Si« UTCnAKIl (ltlO«- 
ItSISI)). di]ib>mai!i)l anil niithor, if-a<i tl)s lil^lt 
m>» of Sir Ui-'urv l''oiisbawi> q. v.], of Wan- 
Park, lIwlford^^Mn-, bv Kliiabnh, daii^htt-r 
of TboDiuii Smiib or iMiiytbe, es«|. He was 
born at W«r»* I'ark in Juno Hillf?, and hn]*- 
ti»wl on the 12tli. llir* fnlhi-r dit-d in ]«lt*!, 
mid bis eiliicettoii wa* chiefly directeil by lii» 
tnother. She sent him l^^ tbo foinoiie school 
lippl by I^Kimas Famnhv ^ij, v,] in Uripplit- 
e*U'. In Novciiilifr I'^JA he was admitted 
into Jceue ColWe, CauihridKi'. a.^ a Mlow- 
OOmmnniT, and »Iii>wi-d murh iironuHn as a 
clii»aica] Hrholar. Itping desliiu'd bv his 
mother for tho bar. h"- iTiti-rt'd tin' Inner 
'iVmpl? ^i Jan. \(\'2ii. Lnw provtH] diKtoBte- 
ftll Id him, and in lOtiT ho wont abroud toac- 
qiiipp fori-igii lanpiH)i^-n. .\t Pari* hi- U^td 
to bavo bt'en n.'bbi'd of bin blender stock of 
money by Shorwofxi, a j«nit., but he stayi-d 
then? a T>?ftr. and ihi-n pnK-'H^Vfl t'» Mndrid. 
lnl(Kf>(.«nl AhIoh, wbiihBd1«i-«!nreappoial(--J 
Kn);li^h amhoxfiador to Spain, Uikrninf; of 
Fonthnwf's apcompli»bm"nl"i an n ]in){uist, 
aclocu-d him to acpfmiiuny him aa s««ri'Ury. 
In \&Mi becanrit>d diwpatcb*'* from Anton i» 
Spcn>tary Windchanlt, When Aslon left 
Madrid in ITO'*, I'Hn.^bitwe remained aBcharpty 
d'ad'airet till his eucceitsor, Sir Arthur Hop- 



loD.HmWd. About h>-10,wbilt-se»k'in|f fri'slkl 
t'mplrii mt-nt, biA brother Tliimas oireriid t<»1 
friv"*) him the place of kind's r>-inirmbrana>r, 
wbi«h had lonf btt-n in tbe buudu <if thw 
family, on condilion thai liv paid f^flOOl. for 
it in «CTcn years. Tbo ouLbivak of tin* civil 
war iul^Triipifd the nminj^emfni. and Fas- 
tiliawe, a /wijoim ruyabsl, yntiM Chords I at 
Oxford. Therti Ik met Ann« HHrrii>i>n, ibfl 
dauKhCT of auuihvr royalist, and he marriitl 
her al WoUerx-tili' (Imrrh, two mites from 




family. 

As'snrnflorward?l.adj)FAS»it*WHil'*2'''- 
lUf^J) wo-s elder dau([bu-raad fourth cluM uf 
Sir John IIiirTisonof ftulls, llcrlfordiiliirv, by 
AtarKaret, dati);liter of Rubcrt Katu'liawe of 
l-'acuiawe Gate. H«r mothvr was hn* hus- 
band's first ousio. Slie wba bont m Hart 
Mln-rt, St. OlaveV, Ijondoo, 2o Marelt 1025, 
and waa carvfully trained in tu-rdlework, 
Frvncb, vin^n^;'. Ibo lut*;, the virgiuabt, nnd 
dancin^T' ^^li^' Inred rid in;;. riinRintt, and all 
active pastimes, and was wtiat [rraver pwpli! 
callM •« bciyting pirl.' On 20 Jidv llMt). 
wlien fiUe nn« lifki-cn, bcr mother tiicd, in 
accordance (it wa* )<aid) with a panib'-ey 
made t.brtv monlbp after hi>rdauji!it-'r's liirth, 
Thi* loiwuavethp)(trri>thou(iht^suii}rv ^eriuus 
turn, and miteh imuble jmr^ix^l her fiimily, 
Ukt fathrr, who held a j)ost in the customs, 
lent thi- king a larp- xum of moncr in KHI, 
WHS imprisoned by order of the parlianmi in 
ItH^, and wall ilriiri viTd of bis property. In 
J(M3 he directed bu cbiblnin to join him at 
l.ljtford, wh'Tc thcv bxl^rtl in a jnwr baker's 
liou:^', and nulTercd all the priefs of povert 
The deaib of a brother, William, m ]0' 
BfTimiYitted theirtroubles. When Anno mi 
rtijd liiL'bard Fautshiiwu they had not twet 
pounda bi^twei^^u Ilvm, but the union pT<i\-ei 
t:xcL'pliuiialIy bappv. If 'fint? .Mi«tre«H Fai 
Bhawe.'who'ahoul [iU4 visittnt Ttalph Kelt' 
th« eccentric prr«ident of Triniiv. to 'hnv 
fp'lick.'bctdi-nlicjilwiili ICichsnt t m 
bridft, sht bad not wholly lo«t the !: 
of bur v'jiiih at the lime of Iitr Uci'tuirn' a 
wif.' (A'iHUF.r. Livfi-, ii. 428). 

Atmut the date of hi* tuarri _" 
wa« maAr. sfwrctaiy of war l" ' 
aiidJoitH-d hi>cuiiiifih luM:' 
(Jjtford for LlriKtuI in I \u- evn. ] 
muster. \lh wif<.' had iM^n com... 
of Iiur tln-t thdd, llnrri*')n, who died in in 
fanpy, Inil ahe .joined ht-r hui>)uitid at. IJristo! 
on iV) .May, Tiw p1n[,n<>-< droVe them in 
to BarnMaple. and theiitK t1i>-v 'mirii 
with the princ«>'e court toTnr 
FanAliaWR oxrrciwd much im 



m 



enit 



Vawc 

. lef 

in«» 

IVh. 



Julv 



Fanshawe 



185 



Fanshawe 



jcc'b cf.uucils, and it wns lurgt'lv owiii;r lo 
l)tmlltattli(.'panvlv(ttlieinnin]iinil(<*l.AltEX- 
LWiNl. Fnim l^iidV Km! tIn\T R&il''d lu the 
ffilly ijW. I'liriuf: ihe pussiipv tlirv w»r" 
htubbnl of iicnrly uU llii-ir pmi*frty, and 
'sufTt-ri'd fciirful privmions on lUiipmbitrkinff. 
• AftiT tliri >^ u't-ukd and odd days.' thi'ir i^— 
IDuvi.tl I't.Irrsty, whirri'ti MJcond child,. 411111), 
»»» bom (7 -Mnyf Iii40|. IImikx- tlit-y n-fol 
in AuffUnUoCafrii l<) visit FAii«haWf'sbmthiT, 
'rh{imnj>. Un SO Aiiir. Lud.v Fnii^imwe loft 
Iicrliitiibnnd, CJuaf In I.omIi>ti,and lod^-d in 
Hei-[ 8irv»*l wiili L«dy Boit-lw, her ualvr, 
I -«-)«»■ liU8>Mtnd, Sir Williiini, WM alkin at 
BptwivBriiijn:-. A pn.>M wbii^h slie ohtaiaed 
B "Ooluni;! C'ojiley, a Kre«t. jw.rliiitnr'tit 
iRn.Vnablpd }uTliti»liimd ' to com-- und com- 
uiid for '-iOO/.,' and uiitiHlcr.jiiHr iil-17 thpy 
loftcthtTvcryprivalplyiii I'ortiipil Kow. 
bolb vi*iU'dL'liarK-^ I m I Iiiiiii>iom ( 'ourt, 
e kinggavo l-'ait-ihawe 'crrdt-nlials for 
in' nad Mlcrs for I'rincv Omrlo kud 
tic»n lli-nrif-llw. Tliny tri-iiL to Kr&iicc igain 
in I&IK In S<>pt<mit)er Sir liiHinnl was 
ordered to *<ialMrk in PriiK-r CliurlriH kbip in 
Ihr I>iitvnit, 10 ftct. as itwfuiiirftr of the UM'y 
undu- I'rinTO Rwjwn. Un sfnTwurds joined 
l*hIll^(' l_'burb> in llolljind, vbili> liin wifo 
WMt ill ICdk'laiid seeking to mine money tot 
tln'irprrsninF (i>'»-di". 

Ill >ovtuitvr l';i-> Sir lUdianl was in ix6- 
land, hvi|iiiiu; torully (bvrovBtiht!'. UrniOiidi; 
t hitntoruiii>iill witlil'liiirlouiManlil'tin, 
t b'TtluriifdalnnH"! imiui'di»lely. Hf took 
Ilia re^idtntv in Cork iil the bouiH* of IWan 
•vlv, wh<.Ti" ill" vtiff intni-i! bint nfler |irucur- 
ft a litllfi tuoiifiy. I^iily Kanfiliiiwe was by 
PT»elf in (,'ork when (obrntil .li-ltnf- »vizvd 
it in Wlmtf of (Votnw.-l! (Mi Mel. 1«41>), but 
«li" tir iiirr-d u [itiffirtt triable bcr to mi^I ber 
1 .1 Kinnle. Thirnct-tbi-y joum-yed 

ii. ] I I:, wbifri- tli»j- wfTP lioniilftlily n*- 

iiii'lKniuUnwewa»gTaDt«'dttiQfreedoin 
city. KUcwhere llio Irii'h nobility 
1 Cliuicarty, l.ndy iluiior O'Jtrien, and 
1m») i'iiU-nainc<l llli-in baudAomcly ; but 
.witaee^-d mnnv of (liu uiiba|>py ritci- 
of Cnnnwi'irs ili'VitHTiitioii. (In 1) IVli. ' 
i-oU CIuiHh^ iKJiicd nil ordor )|;nitit itic 
'iDltinwe and other niHiubi-rii uf hi.'> fainilv 
"in of nrms in considpratinn 
■ d loyally. Abiiut l!ic name 
li,. .,r-rlf-ri-«l 1(1 tmi^-'-d to Siiniii 
l«tvfiot> fnjm L-!inr!t-< ("--tttioniiii; fir 
lid- l^ilv )'ari«lui«t (.''ii fijOtim m 
I ht«r Willi tbi: 1 iniirt''>M<m lliat the 
iL.,.,.'. -■-•rt n >orv loving jM-opit- lo ent-h 
iith«r. bill 'ciin-l'iiitty falsii l-i nil ntMnc'TK.' 
\ niii'h dliiji larrii'd tJif Faiishnni'ii from 
I MitUfTii. On the wij* tliey wtmm 

r.< I by a Tnrkiali gallvyi hut tlwy 



I 



I arriv«l in March and TreDC from Mulatia lo 
, Mailrid, by way of iJntnada. I{ea4:htii|,' tbu 
i-oiirt la Aiirii I1I6O, they w^rc kindlv re- 
coivni hyall the Cngltidi in Madrid. Hyde 
and CoMin^f'iii, who wtirfab-eudv t hero at t- 
infi; OS CbarloDV af^onU, look d kindly iiiiervfit 
in llwir we)l!nre. llydu, wriliuji lo'Nicliolas 
on 1 April, fspivjtufs wonder as to how Fan- 
shnwo and his family nf"." able to live, seeing 
llifir destitution I CVi/. .Siatr /•«/*■*■■, ii. 51). 
In anofh>.'f k-ltor to NicholaB, llydn wriliu 
(iUDtc;. ll^iCI}tliAt KruiHiuiwuitinvpn- honest 
mill discnt-i lunu, and deaigoed bv tho latfr H 
kiiij^ fur allamdnncM on Ibe Dukeof York (ib. H 
p.Pl'). But tbt'Spaniithliin^dhowi'dnodeeire ^ 
to a.H.ttsl I'rince bbart>^, nnd the FauflbaWvft 
retjrwl lo San 8i.:biwitino in September. On 
2 S"pr. IGiiO b« was frrantvd a baruuetcy. 
Tb<-y wiTO ivi-nrlysbipwreelted in croxfind l» 
NBnte>i,bnt n-aeliinj I'uriitin Nowmher. Aftt^r 
an interview with lb« i|U''<'n-inr>tber, l.udy 
i-'ftUKbawc went to I<ondon, and Sir Kirliikro 
joiinipyed, by way of Holland, lo Scotland, lo- 
an an sitTwtiuT to I'rincf ("hartrj. Whm irk 
Si-ollitnd Sir liifhanl declined to lako tho 
i-uvfliuinl.biit aecomjtAnicd hi^ mitatcrto lbs 
ballh- (jf Wijrctnter {'.i Sepi, ItJoll, and WM 
token prUoni^r. IVnn V-i Sspt. tril 1'8 Not, 
b« waB detained at Whitehall. Hu wife eon- 
slantly went at four in the morning lo inlk 
with him under tb- window of liis iirieon, aud 
at b/nBtb procured a certiti«»lf nt ili-hwlth 
from Dr. Ifaiw [ij. v.^, wbic-h slie her*«df pre- 
sMitL-d to Ihe cuuniril with k pt-tilion for his 
R-lfa*;. Tbmuph Cromwell a iiclion Knn- 
itbawu vina aiUinwil mil on biiit in -(.(XX}/, on 
i*^Xov.,aadp(*rniitti>d:r.risii IJath. It)Mnri;b 
Hjr»:i-H hit It went cd Lord Strutfurd'H otTtirof au 
asylum at TniilorulM- Park, Vorkithire. lie 
wa« forbidden by ih>? jiarlianirnUry authori- 
tieMtn)^>iii(>n> than five mtlva from tW liuu«v'. 
On iJO July 1654 ihi-ir dau;.'liler Anne, 
who had been her roolhtr's companion in bcr 
wandoringy, di»i at the nge nf tight, l<> ihn 
RftMit jfrief uf ht-r [mp*n;i>. Saddened by the loss, 
ihey obtained jwrmi-won to n-mov i- 1 n 1 lonier- 
ton, to the liuuH of I^dy r«ii!thawo',i :ii(tler. 
TI1G three fi^lowiiigyt-an were Kpt>nt partly at 
l»d).'itij/!) in Cbiini^ury Lane, l/indon, and partly 
al tlief^ountry' Itomut^ofrt'lalivt^^. On 'S-i Nov. 
]fJotKvelynlhe<liari.')t,n-illiwhoinl-on«baw» 
yr*a alwayu intimnte, poid lti>>ni a vt»il iu 
l<<indnn. In liWS Sir Richard and bis wiifo 
Hiifr.-red wvert-Iv from Kg'ue,hut ■ visit Eiiltath 
in Aiit>ii*t rim.-il I hem. On L'romweirK death 
inOftober (bi-ycaino to Ixindon with Philip, 
••arl fit" Pembroke. Tho earl, an iild frii-nd, 
prviciinid Fansbflwe's rehuuM^ fmni hia iKindA, 
nnd rpqiip^tMl him to acwmpguiy hie eldest 
KODtoParij. 'At Pnrii^ lanKhawi'sawClartfii- 
dun (April l(t.'jOj,and rcc«iY«dordcf«Iowut 



Fanshatt'e 



186 



■anshawe 



on Cbarlev in the «'iritpr ntid imdvrtakv llm 
ollieui of nuuti^ of rwiui-MH arul M'crtrarj- of 
tilt! Latin tougue. J-anshave eont for }u» 
wifo, und vitti great difficulty ftlii! niiuiAf[Ml 
to Uhvv Knolaiid u&dvr tlie naxue of Anae 
Harriaon. IiiNoTembtr thirv ni<_t Cbftrtcsll 
in KarLt, folkiwcd him to FlantlcrN luul wcra 
wilb liiu at the Ilapii) tii .Mav 1660, wliea 
liD WM prppMing 10 niiiirn to KnpUnd. 

Jr'iuuLawt; »tiii-d iti ihi; kind's ><lii[i, and 
tooli i»it in all tln^ fcjitivtl i<-.i of ilif l{<-.4iom- 
liou. Ho lived in a Iiouso in PonugBl lt<iw, 
Uni'-oln'« Inn, knuwn im ihi- ' Ptnv ApjiIi'.h' 
(Fansuawi;, p. fit. aiid pmpared tn till tli<> 
officH uf mutfir of requt.«t# ; but Clurendoii, 
ueordiag to the ill-i«u]>port«d etatemeat of 
his vrifeiiDd bio^mpher, coulrirvd that little 
iFork ur inlluL-occ tthould fall to him. On 
II March Hy»-l he waa tfU-ct<^ M.I', for 
Cambridjjc University. At tbo corciuation 
(33 April 1U01>, uitln-d iti -fuutaetic bubitit 
of thi^ timp ' ( Ktkh-x, ii. 1 28), b« n'ppcj«!nt«l 
the Duke of NtjrniBRdy, and ou !^ Maj be 
•CCWlBpaniod the kin^ ut the op<.-iiin{f nf |i«r- 
Linmrnt, H"" vrm uttvrwaTAi iirdrivd to rarry 
Cliarlos's purtmil to Catherine of Brssnnia 
at Li<ibon, aud on his nlura (Jatiunrv lUt;*^; 
w«« uonunaled privy criiuicillur of Ireland. 
Wboul'rinceadatberiQe landed inAprUfol- 
luwine, FaoshawQ M-aa omoog thosu who re- 
c«iY>f(t her. Ob 30 May— nioa (lay* after the 
tunrnajru — tbc king tntrodnoed Lady Fan- 
(ihiiwo to bis wifir, who promiiind hvr future 
fa%-(ii)ra. (fn 10 An^. ItWii' Fnnahawo wae 
appoi ntdl nmliHD«nd<jr to I'wrlu^ul. Kvclyn 
took Iflavo of him on thi=' fiih. Hr imvpllpd 
alowlv with hie wife and children to I'ly- 
tnoiitli, payint: tnnnv vi^iln on ilnr truy. nnd 
ou the laHt day ol' ihf month i^t xail for 
Lisbon, where they landed ou M Sept. On 
10 Oct., Fnnshawi- vrm rcccirrd by tlie kinj; 
of l'ortu;f«l with ev'?ry mark of re*}>ect, He 
remaincd^ at Lisbon till 'Jii Aup. 111153, when 
he aud his family U-fl , lu<i<Iuil uuh pruMiita, 
■eceiring to the la«t very inarkfd altiiution 
from the king and his court. Un 4 ^Pt. 
ihrv lftn<li>d Ht I)!.-*!, ntid six darn ltil>>T Kir 
Kicliard was erociouaty received hyCbarh^ 1 1 
at B«tb, and was sworn a privy councillor 
(1 Oct,) I>ady Fanftliftwe was alao kindly 
euit^rtained at coun in London by hoth the 
queen and the niiton-mother. 

On iiO Jan. l(>U^4FBnsliawc was appointed 
auitNuuMdiir to Spnin, and on :U Jan. lie nnd 
bis family !>ailt?tl from PorLsmoutb. They 
■nchvrwl tift' Csiliz nn 23 l-Vh, ; sljiyrnl ihi-n* 
till Ut March ; visited Malaga, Seville, Cor- 
dova, Toledo, and Other places, and wore 
royatiy ont'^rtain.-d at all. On Ih .lunf. Fan- 
■hawe presented bis credeotiaU in great NtBie 
lo i'hiliplV, king of Spain, at MaiLrid. Much 



of I heir lirn<* was epcnt in TisitinfC nbJert«of j 
interest alK>ui Madrid, nnd they w.-rt- i-f|K-ci- 
ally charmed by the Esciirial. In IJeceinber 
Fanahawc enme inli) colhjtion with ibe pnisi- 
dent of Ca^iile aa lo ih« ri^ht of a)iyluui 
helonuing tn the Fnalish vmbaasy. ( )ne Uou 
FrancuiNj dt- Ayala had buco airt-slcd within 
the diniiulrd Ituundaric*, and Fiiunhiiwc lit- 
mnnded bis relaa«e. Afler ranch difputn 
]*'u)sl»we appealed to tho king, who di-cided 
tb« maltrr in bis fuvour. Fau.iluiwi- and btn 
wifeconiintied lo^njoy the lavi.qh haspitalitv 
of Ih« court and nobi'lily till 17 S-pl. lUi>5, 
when Philip IV died. t)n J* Ocl. thfy wli* 
pf«M>nt at tliK proclamation of the new in- 
fant king, Chark« IL 

Miianwbile J*'anfhaw<! had been engB)[v«l 
in Defoliating a treaty bftwcxa H|)iai& und 
Kugtaud.hut ibv n'.-gutiattoni» dMg),>ed oft ma 
In tlif ill'lif-uUh of tli>> kiiiK <>f ^<i>ain, to dil- 
fureocva uniong hia coiuicillon, and to ibo 
comnturctal ji-aloiisit-« of tlu: two nations. 
At length a draft treaty wb.<) propanMl by Uiu 
Snoniflh council Kmntintt favoiinibli.' terms to 
Lnirli*h inirrrkanlet, hul it was pn-Si^ntril to 
l-'auHhawe with th« proviso that it should 
either bt- conlimwd by bis sovcniifrn within 
a fi.ii-d period or withdrawn. Fanaaawo fvit 
hiiCKelf juMilted in accopLing the condition, 
without communicating with uisgovt^mmont, 
and on IT Dec. Iia signed t ha protocol. Ou 
16 Jan. ltit(5^ be went to Lishon ut liu! 
n^qu'-'St of till? Spanish minii'lvrs to induce 
Portugal tojoin in the treaiy.liiit he retumnl 
on fS JIarch with Sir Kobyrt Southwell with- 
out crtVcling his object. Un ifli March n.!wa 
arrived at Madrid that iMUidw'ich bad beeti 
srrnt as extraordinary ombaModor to ^iipcr- 
M'dtt tanshawc. Irfidy Fandiawe bilu-rly 
rusented her biuhand's recall, and attributed 
it to the hostility of Clnrvndon, whom ah« 
cordially dislikod. But. thn tbltcring terras 
in which Clarendon always referred to Sir 
Uichard'a abilities and eorviocs prove hL>rdtt- 
like to have bei'ii numajM>uabl«!. 'I'hat minia-j 
ter'B chief object, abe now aasertu, was tU' 
find a plncv tor Sandwich nut of Knglantl. 
Clarendon gives nnoiher version of tliu <>|h- 
sode. ' No man," he admits, ' kn«w tlmt con;l 
[i,c. Madrid] bett«r, or waa ao well voraod 
lu lh'.> langitagu,' sik Fanshawe, * who was a 
ffentlcman ver\' well known and rory in-W be* 
loved.' l!uL Clan.'udun pointit out that Fan- 
Mliawe'a Cailiiru to commuiiicute the term* ol 
I the proposed treaty to ihn home govununcut,^ 
wliilii gil'tlpii^ it to conlirin th>! urltclHd 
within 11 fl tipuUtcd time, conAtituted n. breacl) 
of dutv which loft ih*^' council nocoiinmothel 
than the one ihev adopted. Clar-"ni!on'i w.^ll..! 
known )>olicy of bosLility to ^ 
made him nnwiliing to jndg'- 



4 



Fansliawe 



187 



Fanshawe 




I 



I 



fauiu of fto nmlvutsjuiur wbo Ii;«iid(] (o lui 
amicablu FOttlcmfnt of lliu vVn^o-Spuniali 
nlntioftM. A uxiiith IxlvTJ'iinBliatiri- Hitd hi* 
wife u>nk |iart m the ft-stiTilies which oole- 
bntiod ihtt ttinrriiige by proxT of thv Infiuita 
Itonna MariA with th(^ ciiiri«roT,iiitii v^Tfi bufty 
with Iwive-talimgG of tbeir aumerous frieade 
omnnf; tlu) Snanuh nobility. On IJH May 
Lord Sandwich tirrivud and umre Kaiidlinwe 
liie funnit) Wl«rs of recall. 6n AJuiie i'ao- 
wo «iii^rt«iti«d bis successor, uid on the 
inlixiijuced him to the kini;. 8ixtei-ii 
*Ts liil«?r I-'anf>ha>re w*s Aeifet) witJi ajfue, 
oiiU un :M Jiinu (16 Juao O.S.), lliv Uf^s 
having dDV«li>i»L-«l iuin an inward fHvr.b*- dUtd 
at his huusi- iti thu Siciel'himiniiije, JiL'bad 
ltia<b>iUTan^rmr-iil« for n.-lumin^ to Kn);liind 
Sltem dH_v~8 hiler. Atu-r iLe body wa-i i-in- 
WlmM and * fnni^ral K-roion p^«cued over it 
J-lJuly )by hi.irlmplain,IIoru7B^gdiaw[(|.v.], 
itwiu seat to Uilbao. Ilie aennon wan pub- 
liah«din I^ndonin llH(7,withad«dicat>onto 
the widow. 

The (juecn*mother ofiered Lady Fanaliawe 
■nil lior fliildntn u rssidimce Ht Madrid and 
S peastou of I liirtv thuuauid ducuU 1 v'^'' if 
ibay Would botyniiR Roman catltolira; but 
U)i> offur wai' polilvly ri.tfusi<t). On 8 July 
Lady I'anRhawc. who ne^-er quit*' r«nTeivd 
Ul« abock "f h(T lM?n.>*»-|iinent, quietly lt*fl 
Madrid aftsr rereivini; many vimlsof cwitio- 
laowand pift^fr:)]]] lltprovalliamily. Waut 
at oiftney pivaily umiwrruaitcd bcr, and she 
had TO soU the que^u-niotlier's gift niiU tier 
own ]>tnte to dcxfray tlie nresaing evpeoN^a 
of Irarel. Sbi.> tx^chfd Ililbao on 'J^ July ; 
slayvd llitm till & (Id.: arrival al I'liriH on 
3U Oct., and 1111 \2 Nov. landed ut tfaf! Tower 
Wharf. Un Id Nor. Uvt bui^band's body, 
which had bero taken lu hin Iioum' in i^in* 
coin's Inn Kivlds, was buried in All Hallows 
Church, llcrtfoni. A wwk lat^r I July I'an- 
ahawe wailed on the kine and rlainiiHl pay- 
nirnt both of burbuirfHind s salaiy, which was 
ifiWii. in orrear*. and of a Kum of 6,813/. 
«p(*nt )iv bimin tb« public serviot'. C'barle«ll 
tiiadu lavish promiixts of spoody soltlcnient. 
Admihiftrntinu wa» naiitvd Uvi on 'J March 
IBKil-r of ba hnabaod'a property, which wa» 
ttDviM-d to bur as sutp uxecuirix by u nuncu- 
paliTt- will mode nu Iha day of hi* dt^alh. 
In niifl of olferv of aid from Artiogton and 
Lor<J>traasiiTtir Soutbninptira, she encoun- 
lorvd fitirydilBciiltv in Kit endeavour to rr- 
cover hiT husband* di'hu from the crowu. 
Pinallr, in I)M'.-inti6r ItilJU, ahu received 
by^ut/' «.„ ,1, iflfj -ifliW. unpaid. 

Illy l-'ntiiibnwi^ loiA a houMi In 
U'. .. . _ w, Linroln'tf Inn. In Itkll^ alio 
birvU a liirtuii; and ;:!-imnd* uL Uartintf Hud- 
h\uj, Uitrtfordfhin', mi oa to be mut Iter 




falber, who lived two Ullle^ off at italU. 
Dut bi-r fatburdicd on '2^ Supl. ]il70. Ovvr- 
whvltuvdwithitLirrow.i'lieabandorit-d h>-rnrw 
nMiid>in4!e ajid for sis months was * siik ulninit 
to tWiitli.' I hi recovi-rin^ kIiu bou^bt n ejle 
in St. llorr's Ohnpel of Warn Church, and 
removed her Uusband's body there (Itt May 
iwri), whiTft an wlaboratv^ manumt^nt wjis 
HTeRted with a long Latin inHcripiion, In 
l*J7(J she wrole a m>?nioir of her hueband for 
her only ^univinr son, Itichard. SIk- died un 
,'iO Jan. IU79-WJ. in her fifty-Jillh vt-ar, and 
waa buried in Ware Church, by berliiishand. 
She bctjucuibvd by bur will, dated 30 Oct, 
1670, her chief property, most of wluch 
inme to hvr 011 ber futbcr's duatb, to her 
•OH, lEicbiird, tocn'thtr wilh l^rly's portmit 
of hor hufibacd, Teniers's portrait of lien<elf, 
her hiinhand's boolis, maniiscriptu, wriLinK», 
Stick?, eiins, swonl.^, and trimininjr in«tni- 
ment« (FassBawk, p. 607). To her dauabter 
Katharine. sol« ciecutiix, she left, b««dM ft 
pecuniary Uxjuwat.tlie works writtva by her- 
self or bur daugbtfrs. Two other daugut^m, 
Auuo and Etiuibiith, rvceivud 00(V. aptecc. 
She deaired all hur children to wear mourniii]; 
for hor for ibrce yeara, unless they married in 
tbi! tnttrrval. A fourth )iiir\ivin|; diLUfiblvr, 
Mar^ret, was not mentioned in tlia will. 

Lady FitnsbawL' was the ntoCber of six sons 
and ti^\u daugbti'ni, but tityt nam and four 
daiurbters died before her huabaud ( Harrison, 
•J-*l\-h. •i^M(^Tfh^tii^-.',; 1 K-ury, 1647-1 KM 1 
Kicluini. 1(HS 1(K0; Henrv, ](W7-l(V>f*; Ri- 
chard, f/. ItM3; jVnne, ll^-14i&l, buried in 
the chorcli of Taiikcntlcv ; Elizabeth, 1&I&- 
IGiiO; Klixabelb, ItkW-'llW^O ; Mary, lOfiO- 
HJ60, buried in.-VllSainis'Cburcb.llertford). 
The surviving sou, Kicbanlf the }-oungcst 
child, bom at Madrid on Auj;. lilft\ suc- 
ceeded as second baronet, iit siid to haiTB 
beoomx bn(h dnaf and dumb uwinu lo a 
ft>T<^r, <lied unmarried in Clerkenwotl, and 
was buried at Ware on VJ July l(»-l. Of 
the surx'ivitif daughters, KatbariiM', bom on 
30 Julv IWt'J, was alivu tuiuiarried in May 
1705; Sliir^aret, whom Lady Fanshawi- otor- 
I'joksinhLTwUl.boruatTankenloyou^OcI. 
UliV), marrieal Vincent Grantham of (iolthit, 
Lincolnthire, befura 1070, and was alive in 
Mavl'Oi'c Aiin,l)om nt FrogFonl, KonI, un 
22 >Vh. lUM-S, married, after October 1670, 
one Uvder, by whom she had a daughter, 
Ann Lan-rence, who with her mother was 
tiviujT in .May 1705; Elizabeth was bom on 
'J'J Fvb. I(tti2. Mrs. Manley^ in her scandalous 
* New Aialautis,* first issued about 1700, gives 
unfavourable aocounta (iv. (U-IUO, 7lh ed.) 
orihadaught«rsMai;gai!etandEliKabfih. The 
formor, iiha daclaraa, was not uiiirriiid to Ititi 
maa who paoacd na her husband, and who 



2£^ 



Fanshawe 



i88 



Fanshawe 



pi*<l«OAseill»pr;lli(?lntter,*ftprbecotnm(jtlu? 
wile of u ^vvrnmcnt oflicial namcl Mltmi, 
engaged in ii diK(n"nwf>il i'ltng^uft with Lord 
Sonen. Mrs. Maalev credils Lndy l-'annbaww 
with 'uDVi-lvd lianiiii^, ■■Ifmul tAltlr, iniinid 
gaiety, uitd fnlm.' tiutt*; of wit,' and asaerts tiiut 
li«riTD]ii!rtinent |ietilioii<)toL')i«rlralIcoVM>-d 
htrrwith ndictili- at rauru Tlu« ■» %\w licoru 
of u woman uf doubtful repulatlon fur one of 
unhlciiiiiihed rharacler. 

Fanaliawe's worlts wvrv of follow* : 1. 'UTie 
I'ftnlor Udo. Tb.' i-wtbfiiU Slit-pheard. A 
PastonilL Written iii Italiao br 13apti«ta 
Gutiriiii, A ](nif;bt of Itiilii-, and now newly 
tnnslAtMlriiil fifthporipiiwilli' Ixindfm, l'H7. 
•llo, wilh portrait of Gujirini. Ilfdicjitpcl to 
Charlf«, prince of WnU-ii, wirb cf mi mandatory 
vor»e» by John (afterwards Sir John) Ih-n- 
liam. At tbe clow nrt- two t^linrl po«m3, 
dat<.-d P*?pi'':livvly 1*146 ami !*U0,' pr-wnted 
t" l)i!« bi|;br»'AM> thi^ I'riDce of Walps nt hi* 
goin^ into the Wi-rt.* A nnw till'-i.MiKt' iii- 
trodiiMB* An uildilinn of diti-rs other (wpms, 
conrdudinc wiih a short dJsi-ouru.' of lliu 
Lon^ Civiii Wnrn"* of Home,' I-otnloo, HMW, 
with a **paniTii da-ilicAtinn to Princj? Charle*. 
The whole rolunK' is cootiuMOiwIy piii|*tl- 
The 'addition ' inc1udi>s an od« in HBpphira 
OD the pruclom&iionof 1030coiiiaiiLiidin|{thD 
country gpnlry to reside on tlu-ir i-nlftteft; 
|K>tina(in both l^atiii and KtijilUh) on ihi? 
K«4-Hniil and the shiii culled th<^ f>or(;rai]|pni.' 
of the t^'iui. biiill in I0;t7 : Lutin poetna ea- 
tillt?d ■ Maiuit Lucaiiicn riA,' iu honour of TIio- 
mas Mar [q. v.^, irnnslator of l.iican and 
' Mfitlioifu* nmnndi,' with a translation by 
Mr. T. C, i.K. Thomiis Carew; 'a caiii-i of 
tile l'rwgn?aBe of Li-aminc,' in S[w«wrinii 
RtanzaiL; a trnn>lnl.ion in tlic nam*- lut'tre of 
Vipgil'd ' jKni'id,' hk. jv.: and ' A Summarv 
diacourse of the t'iiill Wurrcs of Unni(% *•%• 
(racwdout of iht! bt'jit Lntin wriU'rsin I*ro6<> 
and Vprftp." Th« poem on the I^curia) (in 
Knglifh) was rcprinlod from Addit. MS. 
I62aM in lh^-Aib.-nreimi'<I^;'). i. 121 (e« 
aUo pp. IK5 ntid U7>t). The volume was ri^ 
istuMin 104t^(wilhfn>iitippivcubv T.Cross}) 
4lo; inl4%t,>4va: in l67(t.r^vo: andinl736 
(with the orifriual uf Uunnni'), ISnio. 

2. 'SfWli-d I'nrla of Honii-i^, !'rinre ol 
I.TrickR, and nf all the Lutiu pmnn the ful- 
h*'sl fraug^ht with Kxc<-lh*nt Mornlity, con- 
cluding with a pieci' out nf .\u,ii)niti« and 
another out of ^ ireil. Now newly put into 
Knplii<h,' London, Kw2. Tbt- *K!o!i, E[>fMl(-M, 
Epistliii. ^iiliru vi. (lo >Li'<'«;nftBl on> trans- 
lated and iJie Lotin ia prini^-d on Ihi- oppo- 
titn pagv. Auaoniufl'fl 'Ktlyl. xiv.' and hu 
' Ro)U% topwthcr with Virgil's 'Hull' from 
*(i»orgi(» iii,' an> addi-d in Knu'li^h vcn^ions. 
8. 'Thv Luaiod, or I'urtugnra UiwLuri^'all 



Poem, writtr-n in tb? I'nnu^l Langooge bj 
Luis d« CatBot'ns and now nuwiy pnt intc 
Rnjfllidh by liichard Fiiniihiiw^, Ks(].,' 1>}n- 
don, 1050. Dedicate lo WiUiom, eaii of, 
Strafford,' from rour lord*tiip3 Parkof Tan* 
kereley. JIuyl, IC'W.' I. ' U Fid* I'aitora.^ 
Comisdid I'asloralia. Aufort- V. F, ^Vnclo- 
Britannu,' I^ndon, l<VM, a Imnslstion mto 
Latin wnv of T'letcher'n ' Kuithfui Shcp- 
hcrdeaa,' ' Oimscula ' arc addtd, and include 
muHt of the Latin vi>T¥ca iu Fun«hnwi.-'« first 
*ii\auut, tii^.-tlii^r with u Lulin lifHhi^alion of 
No. fi to the quoen of Sweduu, dalvd 22 Jul; 
Itto-I, 6, 'Qiwrcr pi»r ki!o ipipri^r. To lori> 
only for I^v<.> aakn. A r>mniatick Riimaacf 
(in .1 Act*) represented at Aninqm-it before 
thi> Kinp- and ()tii'i*« of Spain to ridi.'bratu 
theltirtiidayoflhiiT km^fl'hilip I\'l. Writ- 
ten in Spanish by Don Antonio [^Ilunado] 
d>.' Mi-ndixa, IG'23. I'anyUntml in I^ntjli^ti 
Anno lOi'il. TiijcillM^r with the Fasfivulii of 
Anuiwhuy [i.B. ^Vraoiuet].' Londou, 1«J71. 
A iMicond tilh>)M4n% ilatAt 1B70, introduces 
the account of the ' Festivals.' 6. ' Original 
I.eltvr5 of hie Excellency Sir Hicluird Fan* 
nhawi' during hiii KnilKt-'<aic-i) iu Spain ami' 
PortUffal; wTiicli togvlher with divers Lel- 
twrs and aiMwent from tlio- ehiff minlstftrs o( 
#Taic' of Koglaud, Spain, and Portugal con- 
laiit the whole ne^ocialiona of the Irpaly of 

iirncv hctwctin iht- ihrw crown*,' l^udun,, 
702, with uorlmit engraved by I'aithor 
Tfa<> firei of ransbawtf'; letters in thie voluma 
U d»t«I -Jl Feb. llHi:!-l; I he last •22 Fob,] 
16iil-.'». Manv of Fanoliawp's originali> ar 
in iltirl. ^LS. (010. Thv volinni- wus ri*iig 
suinI in 1721 with a M'<7ond volnnif, contain* 
inp Ivtters chivHy of the Earls of t^dwict 
and S<iiidi;rlnn') mid Sir Willmni Oodolpfaii 
all wTJlWn aft-r FHn-<hawt>'ri dt>alh. 

The (il>h piece, like the'Liuiud,' wascoi 
powJ. WO are digtincrly told, while Vanahawi 
was in wiforo^d rel iremi'nt at Tankersh-y, t'M 
t he ralueof Fanahaw«'s' Lusiad ' - hi# lonp:'! 
work — varioaa opiuiona hare U-cn t^xpn-vtwl 
Kir Peter Wyche. in his ' Life of Hon JJ 
dp t'oBtm.' tranfilalcd from the i'ort uguccMPi 
(ItitU), de.tcnbif] i1 n» hu 'I'ltclli'iil Lruiiala— J 
ti(»n of the Ileroiqut! Po^-m.' Th« wlilor ol 
Fun»hiiw4t'slelti>r* in 1724 nxMiirtii thai tt Wl 
nuhlifilu'd without thn tranxlatorV r - 
Knowletlge, and Wfore ' he could |i 
flniibinc- mroftkn.' Mickle, who «j- 
Inttid (.'oniot-nti in I77U. chamcteriawl Fati*l 
ahuwuK work an 'unfaithful, harsh,; 
(XK-iio&l.' Soiiih'iy was loud iu its 
{Qniirtrrltf Uerietf, April l"'22), and. , 
Itichiird Burton (Catniren*: hln I.^n oW i 
Luniad, \i*i:i\, i, i:V.-13t jMiiut* yut 
altbc^UKb Fanshawe umplifi^ and I'Xj 
hiaunginal,aiidisuft«u ruggvdandl 



Fanshawe 



Fan sh awe 




p 
p 



thomugU V un JitntO'Kl I'oiniijiicse. i iriiigbor 
lilrmrr muril nrp l-aiiNliawf h rcuderingii of 
Giurini and HoncL' mid t\u} fourth W^k of 
tW *-'£D<-i(l.' 'J1ir tmioUliunii (if II(initV« I 
rvc L) rank amnnfi tlii' moat bhc- 
Itirunf Ihukiiiil. Moftori))" ■u)tll<; 
if Ihrt ari^innl arc gwrn wiih rai* fe- 
licitT, nnd ihcre ii thronghoiiC nn ease nnd 
fclcVBricf wti^li pmtc thr tnin»lfttor to bi' 
A fkillM lilerary irnrkmAR, Hia rinioiral ; 
wbolarOiip whji <i|i>i) ^tiowii to Rdvantog*- in ' 
lu« ir«n«liiiion of Ft^'tch'-r'a ' Fiiitlifiil Slirj»- 
i.-Aj' int"' Latin hf\Bmi.-U'r* miil ln-ndt-oa- 
bics. "Fimnliawo's ftiw siirvii-ing originsl 
'li»h {viviiii nxliiVit rare lilvrar)- facultv, 
it U ftth'- r-tretted that 1la>y are »ofew. 
Samu uii]jublii>h>:d poemB of I'ansbawe urv in 
Bril. Mti«. Ad.iii. MJ^. l.V.'-.'rt. 

Liuiljr F&itfiliswe's ' Mi-moir* of her buB- 
Iwnd VHsi fii>l iirinlvil in 18^ (roiwiii-d in 
IKW) hy Sir Hnrrifl XirnluK from ii 9oni<>- 
whnt rnretn** Imntcript made in I76B by 
Csthsritie Colmnn. ctatcd lo be Tjidy Fan* 
»liBwe's )fretiI-irr&Dddiiu^blfr. Thv oriirtnal, 
ill Lady rnn6)iawi>'n LaudnTiting, is Mill i-x- 
tint.and kis aefi.'rbii-iipriii1<.-<l. Ii UtlongA 
lo }ltr. J. a. I'*an<(tmn'^. TIm) clianninp; »iiD- 
plicity of liiidy Fanfthawit'n nairalivi' of hiT 
advi-ntMrt-s iimli-r thi- (i'lirniiicinwradth, and 
Iier lovt; and admiration for hor huEbaod, 
ire Ihf Iiook a bi);b pUrv tii oiitfibtOKrapbic 
U!raiun>. But 1 jidy Fanaliiiwe wrotp from 
arv, and hi*r datis arp often rery cn- 
ing. Ilftrar.* WalpoIcMw tbi.' maninvript 
tu 17 w, and informed the CouiitatK of Ovaory 
tliattlienirinoiri were not unent^-rtaining, al- 
though tbeycliii-flvdwcdloii'privatedoaiegttc 
di«tjwaw«' (WiLWLK, LctUrs, \x. 37B^y). 

Some, tin** p«rlrait« of Faiinbawo and his 
wifo bclnog" lo Mr. J. 0. Fanttbawe. (.hie, 
ftttribuTod to Vola^um, in wliidi Fnnshawo 
U accum|janiG(l by a doc, is a ina^iiJii-cnC 
nainliiig ; mid auoilinr nf [july FanNfiawe, by 
Van Sf'uincr, is of great value and incetvst. 
Tlii'tvari-DibiTportniilMiif Imlh.by undafti-r 
Lelv, and .me of Sir Kicbard was enirravf^d 
by \V. Kiiitli.irnc. A fins copy of thp'liumtiid,' 
ianrribiHl- To my Ifonbb'. ncjdirw Sir Tboma;* 
liarrnUinrpe — Itic. Fannbawe, Jiilv I'^rd 
165A,' aUo belonfifs to Mr. J. G. Fonsfiawft, 

[XmW Fuiuliawa's M«moir. tA. ^iMluit, IS29: 
N<>tB. Omiiala^ml and iliMurii^nl. cif the fail- 
•liawol'i :' ■' '^-Ti; CUn- ' ' I'lijiefa, 

CalMi-Ii' riarotidiir -iphy, 

MI.80T : -(^1-.,- 1 ..■ , , ., 1, liljiru'ii 

Oimoik'l I ; Puiiys'sUinr)-; 

Ctl. ^-: ifiA pKprrB (Cam- 

ill Ni]ii prcnobl in Madrid, 

III i'Imk: Macmillan'it Mag. 

Prei-niUr i&iH, .irt. Ly Ur J. W. Kfarkail.] 

S. L.L. 





FANSHAWE. THOMAS (IM0?-lfi01), 
noiii.iiibiiiiiivr of the ixfiLL'<|U»'r, was lie 
L'Ldc-i't son of John Fao^hiiwe of Faiicliawo 
(tale, IVrbrihin^, wheii^ be wa.'^ I)0rn aout 
litnu in tlio Tfinn of Henry VIII, and prn- 
lutbly about |iV!G. fit* HttnltHd at Jntun (.Vd> 
U>^', Cambridfff, imd became ■ membemf tbe 
.Middli'Tt'inpl", Hi»iiMcif,'rhoiniu'Fiin»h»wi', 
look him undi^r hU jirote^riinn, and prwunsd 
for him tbe revenion of tbe umiointiuBnC of 
ibe olfici' of ri'inembrancvr of lli«» tixcbe<jner. 
ili'-ii occupii-d bv the eUXi^r Fanxbawt;, This 
office yrnn held dnring Bth tenures by tnem- 
ber* of the fiimily. Fantihflwo iirc|uired con- 
»idi-rablt> weultli in bin olliee, to wbich bu 
Auccf«de<l on hu uncle's death iu ISItH. Ile- 
aidii! FaiifJiawv Ustv, wbivh bu k-L to bis 
brother, he posooMecl the eslalt-sof Wniv Park, 
IIertfordflbin>,of Junkins, in Barking, E&ki. 
and ntbrrn. 

He fulfilled tbe diitiPii of hU office with 
dilif^nc, nn we find by varinus entries in the 
State Fapra of KlUaWtb'tt T^Agn. In 1597 
(29 May) he wrote to Lord Burghley that 
' by my POtiTioiially atlending the biuineM 
of iiiy office all the term, 1 have too much 
ncjiiected my bcalth and, bosineaa in the 
L'uiintri', and as my un-Mi^iiO' \t nr|fi-ntly nv 
■inircd there [ have lefl all tbingK in Hurb a 
atatc that the dm ice may be ac well nerfonoL'd 
wilhoul lut*. I Itnprf 1 may rt^air Imlhi-rniid 
Btay until the term. ... If iberi' Miall be 
any occasion for my attendance, I will epwdily 
n^iira, though to my hindrance hot b in health 
and profit.' 

FanahanrKMl in the parliament of l57I for 

Kye, in succwwlina; |iurliuroent,< for Arundt;], 

and in thatof I.^Zlor Miicb \Venli>L-k,Sbro[>- 

•thin>. In iriTO be Eu^iablixhi^. in accurdanvo 

wi:h th« will of bi? uiK'le, ihv free grum- 

mar sehool of Ihv>nfie1d. He died at his 

house, Warwick Lum.', Lundon, 10 Feb. 1001, 

liia ' funernll was wortbipfully KoIomniMil,' 

19 March, at tho pariah church of War«. 

A portrait i* in the [lOMWwion of his ileacen- 

(lant, J. (). Fanahnwe, •wj., of Ijutidon. and 

P/in-loi.':*, Essex. Fanxbawe married twice: 

(1) Maty (it, fl Jiim" l."»78).<Iaughl.'rof An- 

' tony llouroliier; and (2) Joan, dan||;hter of 

j ThotnaaiSmithof OatenhAnfTtT, andbnd tMno 

1 by both mnrriaHt-M. His eU'T »on by bi» first 

marriage, llenrv i q. v.^.MicM^eded liim >a ri'^ 

mtimbninccr. Alice,biseldestdu(ifrbterby tb<i 

I i>e«^ond niarriaar, was wifi' of Sir ("brixtopher 

, Hatton.srelaiiveof ibec-liancwllor. Thoma«, 

his eldest pain by bis si-oonil m>rna(;e, iu- 

h«ritod Jenkin.i and other est atea at llarkitifr, 

to which be adde<l bv pun- base from thecrowii 

in Wis. Hft wan k'nigbt'-d in lit:>4,andbvld 

the offices of cUtIi of the crown in ibu kind's 

, bvnch and surreyur-geueral of tb>; rrown. 



i^L 



'"■^ 



Fanshawe 

bindfl. Hti <lii<«l intvstatc on 17 Iltv:. KtSI. 
Tltoniiu' FariKliiiw<-'i* widow wiu tfiin':^) at 
Wareon30May lll:;i. 

Fansliawi? \vrv)i«; I. 'TIip PrwticP of lli" 
ExchMUer Court, with it.i MTemll OtKrv^ 
and Omc«n. JJeing a elion. itamtinn of the 
power fcnd duty of i-iich attizlc pMwm in Iiis 
auTondl place. Wiitleaat therequfst of the 
Lord BiR-kliuret,»otu«timv LordTTvasun'rof 
EiiffUnd,' l^TiS (tbcrt- is at (IxfoH a Tnann- 
Knpt uf thi« or n ciniilar tneniUe by Kaii- 
Mliawe, Catal. MSS. Angl. (Coll. Oxon.), ii. 
226). i. * An AiiKw^T to ArCtclw euncurn- 
inif tl>tt I»rd TrMMurer*« (JIEce ' ( fngment in 
jMuui. MS. 2-^, art. 33). 

[Cooper'* Athena CamnbrigipMeB. ii. 29&-S, 
iiuthi'ri[i«a th^ro rofvrrwl to; Notrs HanM- 
To^cal and Hiwiorioa! on thi» l-'annhAwit l-'ntnilT, 
6pnrt«.186S~73. vlicn>ThomiMriui«hitwL''s wiU 
iapriut«d. pp. 3li-1<; yietiiDir -if l^Ay VttMhuirc 
Mwed. 1830;Olarii*VKt>lio(J>«ra[j«Kntn(18III). 
p. 1198 : mriotu r«f«raK(« io Cal. of SlnU) I'npvn 
of tho Rdgn of l-^izah'ith ; M*n)herti of I'fvrlin- 
aHat, pi. i. p. 4>14 ; Willii'ia Notitia PaHtmiOL-ti- 
Uria.nkl. iJi.; .AildiuM^. 2ilfi». ff. 168-293; 
Fii&itiiiwf Pap<T*. .U.S. Alisvll. Qn(«n'« Tlfm. 
Kw>b«|. 1'. it. 0. ; Clatl«rbiick"« HrrtforJJiir«, 
iii. 394.] F. W-T. 

FANSHAWE, Siii THOSIAS. first \i6- 
cot'Sr FixawAWB of I>romoi>' (l.iflrt 1H6'i'). 
vaAeldestranof Sir Henry faaslmwa fq.v.], 
and bmlhHr of Kir Richara fq. r.] ifo sue- ' 
cceded OB the dwih of hie fauier in I'ilO to 
tllO oflice of wnwmbraucer of the «>Kch«i]ii>T ; 
aadwastnadnaWniKhtofth-jBathattlimjoro- 
nationofCiisrl.-*!. 2 Ftib.l02r>-^. H« wiw 
elected M.r. for Oprtford on 17 Mnv 1624 
and 13 Mav \G'2!J ; for l^nriwtnr nn (9 Jan. 
162&-f) and 10 March lfi'*7-(*j and for Hcrt- 
fsird (for whlcJi he had been ruturnt^d in 
Cliaflfitl's third parliamenf.aUboug-h h" wit 
for Lancaator) on 96 Oct- 1610. He wns 
com misa toiler of array for the kinir in 1641 ; 
foof^ht at Edgcbill, and hod hif proiM>rty m- 

Incstrated by tho parliam<>til, lie was ' djs- 
bled to »it ''in parliamf nt in 1M6. Ord«ra 
for the wile of taoahaww'* B^>odB were i««qed 
bv tbe parlinmi-nt on -'0 June ltS43 (Cbm- 
man* Jmtmal, iii. 149*), and on 1 Jao. lOlS-4 
a ooconutt^fi wru a[ipoiiiti-<l to i^xaminc a r^ 
port that Sir William Litton bad roncealed 
part, of Fauahawe's prnMrty (li. p. :!.V.). Up 
ultimoteWcompottndal for the n?m>v.*rv of 
eomo of hu esUlw for 1.310/. (l>iu.vo. Caia- 
U)ftw\, hot be 'waa praiMif^allv ruiti'-d. He 
■wa» witli Prinoo Churlcii in Jersey in April 
1646, and in Au(;iml his borotbfr Iticbard 
viiiitcd him at Cann, where bo lay ill. In 
1601 he wa«clrct<«l .M.P.for Jlerttordahire; 
waa creatMl Visronnt Fanahawo of Dro- 
more in the Irish p-jwaK* oa /> Sept. 1061 ; 



Faraday 



AuddipdinU^fitatPatbUtownhnu&finHatiotj 
({Hnlrn.nnd wbji huritrrl at W«reuii yoMur*'! 
lOftV Ilift M ■ , \ : l,uiy Fiin. 

iituiir9(wift-<. ,;in a bipl 

chanict<>r, bill .i.-uii' nmi «nii ;i uiuily If m> 
per. Ue morrivd, iiriit, Anna, dauuht'ir oJ 
llil)>a Allin^oii: and, oi^condly, Klualn-tiif^ 
foarth dau^bt^T of i^ir William Cokarno 
[(J. r,] Hy biit »i-ctmd wifi-, who di«! parljj 
m I61IR, \\v \\fui three daughter!) ouil foiii 
>on«. Ity hi« lirst wiXt only a daujrhter. Anal 
(l«t>^-1714). 

TiioiiAi ]'i.'i;siiAvrB,iwcond ViacoifST F*s- 
•iiAn-r: (U[;t!)-1674>, wax baprlt^l at Wnm 
on 17 June Ifni): procetnli^d M.A.atTrinicy- 
Collrp", L'umliridifo; wns elect«<d M.i', for 
Laooaaler in tho I^)np pArliament, but 'waa 
(ItHftblod to sit 'early in 1 6)6; wa* creetud 
K.R. at ChariM IPs coronation ; eucccvdMl 
tobtftfatber'jthi«vilyeacuiabered«»latv«an(] 
to bis office of remfmbraocer in 1666, H« 
•old War« to Sirlliomas Bvdt' in 106^, aft«r 
his mother's dcalli, for 26,t)0Ctf. Ho aat in 
parliamL'ut aa .M.F. for Hpriford from 1661 
till bio deulb in 1674. Hi» wilt is dated 

May, and bs wa"* hurit'd at War« ten day* 
lalvr. A inirtrait belongs to Mr. J. 0. Fan- 1 
^aiTR. His tlr^l wife — *a vory fp-cal for-j 

1 une and most excellont woman* — watCatlH.^] 
rino, dauiriiUT of Knijfbt'm Ferrers of IW- ' 
fonibury, Htrtforditbirc, who died without' 
iasue, and w^aa buried at Ware on 13 Juiui i 
lO'tO. By Ilia »i_<cond wifi-. ^mb, dnuffbtiir] 
of Sir Joh'o Kvflyn ofWi-st IVan, Will»hirF^] 
and widow of Sir John Wmy, ho had Evelyn^ | 
third riikoiiunt (ltt6S>-llW>,aiul tbrendanub- ' 
tars. His widow rpmarricd Gporie ^ndi^r- 
«on, vi«!Ount Ciistlftou (17 Feb. 1675i. and 
dii^d in 1717. Kvelyn, tlwr r' nut, 
who diedat.^btppnon iOOct. i 19, 
nnc] WHP buried at Wanton 'Jt r .n i>o7-y, 
was »uccei»dod in the viscounr y by bt^fittlHtr'a 1 
brother Cliarlea, who died iiiiDiarriod in Siif- 
folk Strcer, AVcrtminatcr, on 2* March 1710. 
The firth and lust visoounl wo* f;imon, bro- 
ther of ihp fourth \Tsconn(, who died un- 
luarrivd on 23 (Jet. 1716. Pepys ridiculos 
in lt!6^ the itn]M^uniotiAneHit of ibe *iw*ntl 
viscount's brotluifs {Diary, ii. .IfiS). 

(Nolea, 0«Deal<>t:>Mt and Historicsil, of tbv 
Fniuhawi] Family. I8611.7:!: Lady Fanshawa'a 
M.-nKjir. 1820; t'larco'loii Slata Papers; CaL 
.Si.itn P;<]wr*. Doni, ; OfGoiul Lists of M«mticni 
•if ParlianianL] 8. L. L. 

PARATAV. WirHAFl. flT»l-lB67), , 
natural philox-M ' , . ' "rues 

Faraday. In t im. 

Yorkalun ' " ' , i.i- mim ii-k-, ■ liii-liaru 

tfnra<Iay,' n, tiler, and 'aoparntul/ 

n'corded it;.: uittii <<i ten cbildrau. Robert 
Faraday, ton or Bepb«w of thia man, mar- 



Faraday 



■ri' ''i Tfeaii, (li& Dvn^r of » tciaM 

fcij rmiilHticu, callwd Clurliom Wood 

Hjill ll" li»<i by Let ini cliiMrcn, one of 
wViin, .Umea, bom >^ May 17»31. wiw ilie 
fiubernf MichAi-l rnnnlay. Th»? jiublinhwl 
l<itM'T»nfF(irmJ«T'afnther«ndmotli-.Tclwpl«y 
intrililienec 'i" ■ r" '' ^ijiioim i*iirin-atn*«s, 
John 0U«, r his Bon-in-Uw, .I')lin 

Haadpiuua. 1::. - . I .d from tV' |>r»wliy- 
Ivriias, and rnnit of Karailnv'* n-liitivi-«, ni> 
Bal»eqiir>nily htmsulf, wpto mnnthcTs of tlio 
.SwJdflmanianconKrvjrn''""- I'nrndiiv* fut licr, 
Jniae«,mmTi(^l. in I7f*, Mnrpiret IIutrw<^ll. 
n fanncK)i 'Inuirhl^r, nnd moved •oon aft«i^ 
wimti TO >i<-wmiftoTi in Surwy. 

■'ir»diiy was bom at Newington 
i^ j.t. 17'9I. IIo diod atHamplon 

Cuurl — ni^i in Uia ]>alAcv, but in a sinftll 
boutu< <^ii tiii'dn^n ]>bic'^ at liis diaposa) by 
her najt^lT — 25 Xag. 1 W7. This net ofroyal 
kindDevonvinunlTdi'li^tod him, nnd indi-r-d 
DOthin? t-oiild bavi^ bi^^i mnre delicate and 
WDNtdf-ratf^ t1ia» t)i*t matiDor in whirli tht> 
hou£<? wa? ofTcrfl him. Tt wa.* und-'roloiMJ 
tfl hnvH iNvndoni' »t ilie instance and under 
tb^ diT*^lioii iif th'_' princr consort, though 
hU nanti- never niiiicnni! in tliv cwnwpond- 
jw*. PbYjiirtillr, Karaday 'wai below the 
■ddli* site, wt'11 sit, a<.iivn.and villi e.tln- 
linnrv»niinationofr!Limil(rKaa<^^ HisliMid 
fmin forehead to bark wa^ ho lon^ that he 
Itad usuaUy to bv-qwnk bin bain. 1 n youlli 
liLo hairwh* h^"lwn, cnHini: naMimlly; later 
(n lift' i'- approoched lo while, and was always 
partnt in the centre. Hi* roiiv wa-t pbsa- 
Hint, and but btugli h^-nrty. Ili-i cbriBtian 
nanift, ' Miebst-I,' his wonderful vivacity, 
■nd lii^ ma!>lcTy of (h<> TriKh ' broput*.' gave 
counl'-rnanei lo a Iniditifm thnt a portion of 
bi* bI'Mid waa drawn from Ireland. In a 
iniirnal<>nlr>*writi>.niat Ini'.-Hoakenoii 3 Aug. 
1R41 W thim wX>-Ts (o \ui father: ' Cloiit- 
nail-makin? goeaoa hi^ro nitherconsiderubly, 
and ia a ri>ry mini and pritllv (i)>i^ralinn to 
niverve, I Iniv a amith's nbop andanythinir 
P-latinjiIo STTiitli-n-. My l'«th«rwii«n mnilhr 
Tl>- T'. t ..f I',.. Ill ,v', fftihf-rbfing nno of a 
f"'i I (•liiced bim nt a di»- 

au . .„-iIiebattl''of life. H« 

had t>i ' M'lih bumbleqnart«ni.nnd 

Innrct;' ■ irflii»cbildreD. From Xew- 

intflon .tomet! I'nradar rirtnoved to Ja«ob'« 
■Wvll .Miw*, (liarl.-* fit«ii»I. Manfh.«ler 
9i|iiDrr^; and af^TwanU to S'o. Ij^ Wey- 
mouth Stw*l., I'lu-daiicl ITiiev, wheni hw diitl 
it) IRIO. Not far from .larob'^ 'WpU Mews 
wn« ft liookbindiT and statiDnrr'n ^hon, liept 
by a Wfirtby man namiil l(ir>ttnii> Miebai^l 
Faraday beptii life as Itiobuu'o crraud-boy, 
Aflrr a yc^r'* Iriid, briiii; then thirt'>en, he 
wMi bound appreatioc lo Hi>rljnu, Tho boy's 



Faraday 

conduct bad hi:H'n xo <r\eniplan- Ihat be-im«j 
takenwilhiml fi-«. lliiii WBsinlK>l. Riehau'tl 
rftabliAhtnenl wa^ in lllandfonl Sl>t!«'t, Man- 
cbestrr Squan-. When, many years a(r(>, tha 
]tre«onl ivriliT vLiiil<>d llit» plaeM in I'jradny'a 
company, it waa still a stationer'^ ^hop, the 
ladv behind tlia> r')iinl*-r inrnlionini; ineidea- 
, tally I he tradition i.bflt. one of hi'rpnvW^^uori 
had l»'rn t bi.- in.-i>.(4>r of Sir Charlos Faraday.' 
At Ritrbau's, Karailay lirwi for eiulit years, 
working sjt a bnoltbinrkr. He anhMqutinlly 
vi-orkc'i with one Pe 1^ Itoehe, aman topaa- 
i>ionateandauj3ti>rt>, that although hopromuied 
to lt-av« to I'araday all lliat Iw poaaewed, hil 
aonaiCiTC journeyman ooold not be pntvuled 
upon to n>maiu with him. A worm friendiihip 
had sprung up between Farailavand twnin- 
tulliK'-'tit voting men, uamed ituxiable aod 
Abbott. Urinktiot^andli-tli^'rKiuui^i'olbelwMn 
him and thQm.audbisIettereto Abbott, havd 
' W'li hii{i|tilv in»«<!'r\'ed. Ho hsani lectnrea 
from Mr. Tittum on natural philoMphy at 
W l>iir«et Streiet. Fleet Street, tbecoHi boing 
aiihillin?nlertun>. HereiuJ much, and vrus 
specially iud^bled loMrs. Marcel's *ConTLi*- 
MtionA in Cbemifltrv.' Mr. Ilance, a mMm- 
' bar of (he Knval ^m^tiLntion. was a cus- 
tomer of Kiebau'^, and Faraday had imptvawxl 
him Hu favoumbly, that he gav>! the yonih 
lickifta fur thrt last fmir lectiirw delivered by 
Davy in the Rota! Inatilution. Thcirdati<« 
W.W 21) Feb., U March, Sand 10 Aprd 1812. 
I He took notes of tiipse li>rturf,*, wrote them 
I fairly and fully gut aflerw-ard.i in a {{uarto 
' volume, and i«cnt them to Davy, asking to 
, be enabled lo quit trade, which lu> thoiighl. 
I vicious and semab, and to de\-ote bimvolfto 
I ^fi'^nce. Ill a umi eooaidcnUa note Ilavr 
I r«plieil to the youn^ man on 24 Per. I81lf. 
One night, when DndrMuing in AVuymnotli 
Street, he wna i^tartled by a loud' knock, 
and found Uaw's eaniap- b-'fore Ihe door, 
Dury'e senant fiand-^d bim a note, a» a n«ult 
of whitrhhecjillfcl next momiitgat the Itoyal 
lustituiion, and wa^t i^ngngfd by I>avy at ft 
wwkly wage of S-'w. He noon b<-gaii to hvltt 
in the lernirrii ; joincil the City PhilosopluMil 
Society, gaihere>l tog>Ther a Lltle mutual im- 

frovement society of his own at the lio\-al 
nstitutioit, and lect urul uu chemistry at the 
(Jity PhihMopbiral Society. Hi- wan daily 
iu the taboratory ■lfiaiBttI^r Dr«ry in his cn- 

Iterimenid, Mtmc of which wi'ij dangnmns. 
Iloth he and his mafl^r were wounded more 
than onCT' by explosions of chloride of nitrt^- 
gen, which had nreviounly destroyed one of 
DuIour's eyea. Meanwhile he carriiy] on n 
briitk and pleasant corre«pondenCA with hia 
Dieiid .\bboit. 'fhe youta obMrvotl and ri?- 
Uecled on all bo saw. He vrrilea nQusiblir 
and well alwut lectnrin^ond Itictare*, douaI 



Faraday 



igz 



Faraday 



■nrhflt inl«r«t«d tbe ntidienw, Hud wliat fikilwl 
M inti-reat ihom. 'A U-ctunT,' hn rtayn, 
* »houtil apiHsirtiiiHy and collm-linl, uniUiintMi 
ftnd uncnnci'TnHd- His ihouffhls sbtmlhim, 
ftnit liis inind ckwr anil frm' for llif conlKin* 
plntioD And d^'-Mnption of his Aubjerl. His 
whole belisTiour sbould i-rincv n'sptii. for 
Itis aiidicnc>c, ondbe Ah'ntld ia iio<'tiA"rnry''l 
ihnt hi> ill in ihtiir presence.' ATier biyniR 
(luwn (hi^nauODHOrb.-cliiriuK in tbiKfii^iiOn, 
ho obvioiislr tm\s iiftf-d br the dijfnity of 
lltf IvctunTiwrirk. ' Tbeii,nnd then only," 
\it< >>srlnims, 'shall vc do jiistirolo the siib- 
fecl, {ileai^u ttiv kudioacv, and Antutfy uur 
hrinour— thft I»oriftar ofapbihiaophcr.' With 
tbU 'honour of n phil'Mupher ' Fiimday was 
iin[irrt;nnli*<I. Hy >' biit whu1<) lifM was in- 
t'<>rm(^d and i>nnnbU>d. 

In (b« nutumnof lN|:t T>avy snd bis wiTt* 
went abroad, and I'Anuliiy w^nt wilb them 
■» nti iiiaaii<>(>ti.«i4. Dnvy bad no ralet, and 
it wait und^r^Iood that FnrodaT wn<t to I&nd 
bim 8onu> aid id this dirvclion. lie ((uittvd 
Ixkiidftn on Wednftsday, IS ()rt, l81;i, ai»d 
ariV)n:)piinie(I Davy to Franci', ^■witE<>^lll^d, 
Italy, and I hi' Tynd, kf>iiiti)f n journal, fmnj 
whjrh, in his ' I jfo ami tjntiers of Farnday,' 
copious exlrQ<rt 8 bfiTp W?n tnadf by Dr. BenL'« , 
Jones. He <lfj«oril)Mi the exp^rim.-iita con- 
ilucti'dhy I)n^'y with I be eminent men whom 
be viailvd. Uug of tlxt moAt intrn-^inff of 
lbt>9e wns ihi! cimbiutton of a diamimd iti | 
uxyi^vn in tbo Acaduniy ilul Cimtruto, by ' 
meaiui of thi* frrcal luoM of lb>.' Grand I>uko ! 
of Tuscany. Ili* li-lt«r* to hi» nutthir arn 
full of affM^tion. At Rome thoy fauntl Morri- 
«biai vainly scokinE to magnet i»p a nctvlln by 
tba ftolar my». They risit^vd Xaplea and 
VflBUviiis. which na* in activi'uniptiiin. On | 
Fnday, 17 June lf^I4.Fnnidny'iuiw M. ^'^lUll, I 
whocamc toSir II.T)avy,nhale,cldprlyinnn, \ 
bearing tbe red rihb«n. and very frw in con- 
vprwilion.' In July he wwt at Ocnova, from 
which city b'J wrilos very fully to bi^ niorher 
Mild bis friends. Som^iTrk* cbarmini^ piussof^ 
(tccur iu hi)> h.-livn to Abbott. Spoakin); uf 
th" ilU aniiirialKof lif<ahPCOTnpart>9 them to 
•douds, which intiTv«nwi Ix-lwocu idl> und 
tbe inn of nm«pa'rity, bnt which I fiuind 
wwre n^freshmg, rpjwninir to me that ton« 
mid viicour of mind which juMopt-rily iil<>n« 
inldenor\-at*and nUimately destroy,' Such 
STV thy inttteriftln ont of which the great 
"natoral phil<y>opher was formed. 

Darin? bin rtay at Ucmrvo, Davy was th« 
^■'Kt of hi* friiriid I)* La Hive, fatner of the 
cdf^brated electrician, and cran Jfai hur nf the 
pmaent worthy pnipHi^or of iha heHiitiful 
country rttidenc* at PrMn^ Host and 
guest were sportanten, and thtjy fnnjoontly 
irentoiit ahooting. On these occanion.« Fara- 



day hwdad Davy's min, and fw a tinm 
had his maaU vitli Ihn M.Tvanl«. Fn_ 
nature Faraday bod twnivod ihfl warp at,, 
wiiof of a ffrtnllciann, and thin, a.WM to hi 
! bri((ln intelligtuof. araoD h-d Da I>a liitf t 
I thf> diaootcry tlint he ma Davys laboniLoC 
assistant, nol h\» eifr\-«nt. Soin^what nhocki 
at the discornrv, D" )^ Hive proiiQ^od iJ 
Funiday shoii|(f dim* with thi-family. io'itw _ 
of wilh the ditmwiic*. To thi.- lidy Dnvy 
d«ffliirred, and Dtt I.11 Itiva met the tiw.' bv 
s^ndinir Faraday's mealfi n hi§ o«tj num. 
Diivy ajiiHwr* In have treaml Faraduy with 
every consideration. !!•' sometimes bni<hr<l 
, his own Hothes to n^lievc lii« a»sUtant of 
the duly, but l^dy Da\-y was of a dill' -■ m 
t.'mp.T, She treated Faraduy as a ni' mi 
and bis fit-rvapirit R)cbnf<-d uRd«rlbii>lr>->ii- 
mnnt, thai h.- was frefjUBUtlv on thn point of 
returning homo. Atli-r f^wday's rb-uili 
rumourg of bixreLalions to Davy wltc Bpr.n! 
abroad, and among lb(>in iv-iLKEb<>eircii(u>tan- 
lial ani-cdote that ]><• \m Hive. Ending Fara- 
day's cotniiany at tabl»? oI>jecl(,>d ((.>, Kav» thn 
youni* man a ban-jnt'l all to him^Tf. Tb'^ 
anwdolf on tbe law of It was absurd, for 
Fararbiy at the time ha<l ■loni' notbinj; to 
furniKli a reason forouch an rintortainmi-ni. 
In I S6II the brief uud true hiiil>.iry»r the tn>Ti>- 
nction wiM dnwii up for the pr»*.iiont wnNr 
by Frofeaaor De La Kirn, There wa* no 
banqiiut of thi! kind referred to. )mt Fanidnv 
alway* i«ni«Tt«iiind n (jrateful Km«.^ubmn<>i 
of the kindness and con.'ii<h>mtion showu bim 
by tlmxldiT I>cLa Itive wbon b« wa« a mf>nt 
fftir^tt d« lafxiraluirf. 

Iiil8irihereturnedwithD«rvlotbf>IlrtTnl 
Inst itnl ion, and, aecordicf; (o ^tipubit ii m , wh« 
n'-^ngafied by the iuana^t.'r« on 15 May of 
that year. His flrnt cviilribntion to scivntM 
waa an unnlTfis of caustic liuir'fn>ni'ra«><-any. 
It was published iu thu ' (juaricrly Jourtuil 
of Soiftncie ' for ISItJ, Vanou.-« ontj-s and shorl— 
papem followL'd duringthe next two ywira 
In 1818 ho exiitiniiieiii>>d on '8oiinilini 
Flatuf*,* cnircclm^ and cotnplrTi 
Kreat Hi?ul4>np«M, a pn>vioU8 iuvwsh, 
the elder De La Uivc Then foUowi:*! s (uinun 
notf-B and notices, the ' (Quarterly Journal ' 
ht'ins; tbe storvboUM^ of all thf<a«> f^mall cum ~ 
municalioni. In 18:J0 be t)ou> to the Ru;i 
.'Iftfiiny a puDtT ' On Two New Compuut " 
Chlorin'.-nniit'«rbiin,uudonaNpw(.om| 
of Iodine, Carbon,and Hydrtijfvn.' Tbu^_ 
the jlrwt papvr of bis that waa puhlishcH 
the ' Phifoiwtphical Transactioiu.' 

At this time be had madi^ tlii- aCduaintancc 
and won iht* rsleem, of Miss ^arali ilflmar 
Thnir fri(>ndHhip ripened into btve, whirl 
on hi* |>«rt, was accoin|MUiied hv m<ire ihap 
the usual oscillatioiu of bope anil fear, Ili| 







ion TTM so tirdcnt. thai «)i» for a time 

bled ber abiliiy to reium il widt A<leoiiat« 

^ntsatli. I[u) ultoraiues at this crUu of 

life wwnt iiuirk'4 hv tV- iK-licuy ami 

ir«l*-»MJt vrliicli ^itrii.tej tbeuaielved 

hoiit his f-niiro chnractw. 3h» it 

't vii'ldivl, and t\>vv wtfrc ituuTit*d oa 

^ Jiinti IKL'I. An fintry in « l>t>ok contain- 

y lii« rlinlumas run thu»: 'Amon^t Lhuse 

inl* of rv*-nt» T UtsT- iiiwrt tlm ilkti^ itf 

p wbifh, iLR B miirrft nf honour nnd hn]>pi- 

DffM, fnr pxc«e«]» nil the reV.. AV> were 

inirriwi on 12 June \!^'2\.' At ih« lime of 

i^ir mftTTt&ffpMiit'ilSsnianl wnitweiitv-one, 

, hil'.' Faraday wivs tliirtr. Tl is pliMLuntta 

r«»nl the nwunur in wliicb Il»vy n-c'iv'.'d 

tlie intelligence nf tiio marriage: 'I hop« 

' ou will cvniiDuu quite >vg11, and du much 

urinK ihf siimnu-.r, nnd I n-ifkh yon in vimr 

Mate oil that bajwinetia ^hich t am 

you tlrwrve,' ' A mntith Hfter Hi* 

b<> made hi» confession of nin and 

ifmsioo of faith \mton Uie S«nd«nianifto 

nrcb. When his wife wVfd him why ho 

bad not lold her whm bv wns aUtul. to do, 

only r«|kUed, '^ That i^ between me and my 

d''MRB9(CliJoSE», Li/fand LrtlfrA). 

U-Irsted diwovitred in 1«20 that h freely 

itbd magnetic needle Traa di'flfctod hy 

volUiic cuiTPiit, tuid tonu afWrwnrds l.bti 

not rat ivp mind n{ Wollaaton c«ncfliTed the 

Mof ciiit»in<( tht! nt.">dlutorot)iU> round the 

lumtnt. And tho vlrc oArrvtng the cum^nt to 

't«te rnt)n>) a magnet, rariulay's attention 

hton diivK-iM to this quention, but before 

chine it hi! w<uit through the discipUjie 

writinK a ' Ilwtory of Ihe l'ro)p«W of 

l<'cir"-\Jaifnt'tUm.' ImrnDdiaU'lyafterwarde 

le ftti»ci(«>d tbw Kuhject of ' Maenvlic Rot«- 

lon^.' nnd on the morniofr of Cnriatn&a day 

\iv Ivd hui younK wife into the labors- 

and showed hi-r lh» rrvolutioa nf a 

iftic nwdle round an dectric cuirent. 

^ad also in th* MtRX* year made expori* 

Hn DQ the Tai>nriiatinn nf m^Tcury at 

cnmmnn tnmiM^ral ureo, lmiD0ilial»1r afler- 

wnrds, and jointly wilh Mr. Stoddait, he 

■•mrfctd with siicci-m on the alloys of ateel. 

A runr mnd^ of on« of the«e allova, and 

rre«enttH] lo tb>> pntii'm wril«r by I-'aradiiy 

nimsi'lf, is still in bi-i poiHefc^oon. 

Wouow npproii4:h n sul^ect of high im- 
portance, In lh<' 'prin^ of 182>t Fnrnday 
analvsM] a subHtant- e proved by Dary to hi'> 
tha hrdrate of chlorine, and wnich, prior to 
iVTs expehm^'MtA, bod been n-jfnrdcd a« 
fine it^ulf. llin paper describing the 
lyfci* WM Inokol over by Davy, who siig- 
led on lli>» »p(ii ih*- heating; of tht hy- 
lur |tniaaur», in a ■edled rIbm tube. 
dmt<> fuaed at ■ moderate beat, cbc 

XVIII. 



■aL3> 




' tnb4 bMame Glli>d with a yelltrw |^, and 

was found to eontaiii anoUy liquid. Whuu 

the e»d of the tube was biokeu oirati vx- 

ti|(Mionoc<.'nrrL-d,and I hi- oily matter vanished. 

I Sexl morning Faradny, wntinp to Dr. I'aric, 

I was able to make the followinp important 

I oomiuuniciitioti: ' Thfl oil yoii noticed yestw- 

day turns out to hf li(|nid rhlonnc' f^avy, 

I on being informed of what had occurred, \m~ 

mpdiat^'ly nppliwl the mvthod of »(>lf-cum- 

pre.ixin^ nt mo.siihi'r>-s to Ihe liquefaction of 

muriatic gat. Farn(]ay aliterwnrds Ii(j\ie(ied 

clilorine by a rompr«'«'inii syrinjfe. and i«uc- 

I ceeded in reducing a iniinbi^r nf other gfuxf, 

lip to that time Jeenied permanent, to the 

liquid condition. Hv iVOIcwi'd up thi> subji-et 

in lfsH,ftnd considerably Mpandedil* limits. 

A sure and cerlaiu od'ditioo was made lo 

our knowirtl^i- of matU-r by tlic-^e important 

' experiments, lliejr rendered the conclusion 

! n^nt to cnrtain that all ftases are but the 

\'apaiirH of liquid.* poftsosoing vriy low boil- 

io); points — a conieluition triumphantly vindi- 

coU-d by the liqui^faction of Atmospheric air, 

I and other refractory ffOAca, in our own day. 

The'Philoeophieul Transactions ' for \H'J5 

contaia« a papvrby Fnntday * On Nl-w Com- 

poundflof Otrboniitid llydroffifn.' In it wu 

ODDOuoced the dLscovery of heneot. whiclt 

bait bmit lurntnl lo (nich pn>fllabt^ comusei^ 

cial account as thu basis of our splendid 

aniline dyee. In IH^'l he published in the 

' Tmnaaetion.^ ' anoth.>T iiAjn'r 'On Sulpho- 

uapbthalic Acid,' and uKeri^'arda occupied 

himM'lf withexporimeni^on (h.- limits of ya- 

porisation. In lti-2-2 Sir John llerwhel bad 

augftested the use of borate of lead in the 

manuEaciuni of a highly rel'raclivu opiictil 

^lass. lie and Mr. (aftvrwoT^bi ^ir JauKU) 

South had actually succeeded in producing 

agloM with arefrMtiTD iud«xori'8<M. Hie 

g\aM, however, proved too aofl for optical 

purposes. In 18r5 a eammittuo, cmbracinif 

I Faraday, Sir Jolui Herwliet, and l)<dluniL 

WB8 formed wilhaviewof pursuing thissul)- 

' iivl. The eipBrim>-nts were betfun al tlie 

Falcon filast Worka, hut pnmplelod in tlte 

yard of the Itoval Institution. It was at 

this time that l^aradar cnf^af^'d m oesiKant 

J Sergeant Andi;r»OQ of lb« itoyal Arlilk'ry, 

I to wluue ' care, sleadineas, exactitude, and 

1 faithfubun in the performanoo of all that 

I hoi been committed lo his chatg»,' he aTOwed 

' bis indrbtiMlReita. Anderson's aenee of duty 

and obedii.'Qce won no precw* that it waa said 

•if him that if the Institution were on firn 

be would not quench the flame except by 

Faraday's command. An elaborate jwpur 

' On tlio Manufacture of Olaaa for O^icat 

Furpnaee * firrmed tho material of Faraday's 

6r6t Bokemn lucture, which woji delivurod 

o 



y&Ai 



before the Royal Society at th«j close of 1 829. 
Thrc*- «uM*«jiiTi- sit t.in^« of thif ioeiMj were 
takern up hy tbiii Wltire. Tbd gla»<, how- 
erer, did not turn out to be of importiint 
prftcttcnl uM, but ii afl>-rwu48 prortiu io bo I 
the fiiuiidaLioii of two of l-'arnduy's grealeat 
discovt-'rics. In XS^l ho piibliitlied ■ paper 
' On II Pt-citli«r Claas ol' (l|ittCHl IhtV]!! mtiH,' 
to which the chratostrape owes its ori^n. 
In Lhfl aoED* yvftr bu made a communioaiian 
on \-ibn»ting; jiurfwi**, wTuwin lu- i^xplnini^i 
the gatltcring up of liplit powders at the 
placMofmoiit inlenw t-ihralion, whilo h»iavy 
powli^rx lihn saii'l, ba lM>4iiilifiilIr ithown by 
Cblatlni, arrange tbemselvra along th« Qo<lal 

FAndaylukdiMiWTVtAphcd the threshold of a 
etrocrof discoven- unparalloU-d in thu his- 
tory of pore expmrat-ntal «cieace, Towarda 
the Dod of 1631 he dutoovt-red and subdued 
tbo domain of majfic'lix^Wtricritv. Thn ii» 
ductive action of an eh«trified Wly on an 
adjocvnt uiii-]ectnt)<.'d body was familiar to 
hint ; and he tbonfirbt that-^mcthingMmilar 
— he knew not what — ought to occur when 
II wirt-Cftrrrinjfani'U'ctnc current wna brought 
near anothur wire carrying no current, lie 
went thiia to work. Two wiroa oveivptm 
M-itli eilk Wi're wound Kidu by didu or«r the 
aatcf woiKlei) cylinder. The two enda of one 
oftUewin^H wuro connected with a voltaic 
bntti-rr, ami thi^ two endH of th« other with 
IL giilvBnonn>ter. Karaday was never natiafied 
unt;l hu had uii|iliud tlu< grr^ale*! for\>e at hi« 
eommand, ano in the preapnt instance a 
battery power varying from ICJ to I'.'Ocelle 
waa called idIa j>1av. Put no matter how 
powerful he mane liiii cutrenla in rh*; one 
wire, the other wire remained ahsoliilely 
miiesceDtf Trhile tln> Mectricity was Il<iwinf; 
tnrough it« neighbour. The ntleiilion of 
tbo kcen-eywl experimenter wna, however, 
loonexcii«d by a ^mall motion of hisgalvano- 
ineter needle which occurred at the moment 
thu current from Tbe buttery firet Marled 
thmag-h its wire. After tliifi fiwt Hlifrht im- 
pulse the nei'dlo came to rwet; but on in- 
tprnijitinff thi> battery cirfuit anolhT feeble 
notion v.fts obserTedf opposite in direction t^ 
the formerona. Thi>iresidt,undinnnyothers 
of A. similar kind, h-d him to tJje * concluxion 
that the battery current throtighllmonewirv 
did inrealityinduce Ditimilar current througti 
tfa« other, hut that ileontinuodlVirnn inKtanC 
only, and partook mora of the nature of thn 
electric wave from a eomiDon Leyden jar, 
than uf the current from a voltaic battery.' 
Tbfl roomentarr onrrenta thus generated aa 
if bv ft kind of kick, or reaction, he called I 
'induced curpcnts,* 



Faraday next showed (bat llie mere b{l 
pnMch ot a wir." forming a el>i9'»d curv^ u 
another wire through which a current ww 
Howin)^, aroused in the former an iadnci 
current. 'ITio withdrawal of the wire aU»' 
excit«d a current in tlie opposite dtreclimi. 
TheiiH cumuli uxisled only during the timo 
of Hp|>nMcli and withdranu), iind ranijibvd 
when the motion ccaiied. Prior to theSR 
exptirimentv mairaotism had been evoked 
by elfw-lricity. He now aimed at escitinK' 
phT.tricity by magnetiun. R*iund a welded 
iron ring he wound two coiU n{ in«ulntrd 
copper wire, the coils occupying opposiiu 
haiTes of the ring. The ring, with it« twc> 
ooiU,i« represented in Folev'aadmimlileBl^ituo 
as h«ld in Faradiiya liano. Through one of 
Uie I n-o coils be sent a voltaic eurrent, which 
powerfully niaguutuM.'d the iron. During th" 
moment of magnetiaation a pulae was aeut 
tJirou^h the other coil etnmg mioogh. lu whirl 
niunil the rm«dh<nf thegalvanomeliirfuuror 
Ave timeji in sucoeesion. On iuierrupiintr the 
circuit a wliirl of the needit? in lli.- ■ 
diT^tion WA« obacrvr^d. It was ou 
the momenta of magoetiMtion amJ 'I'-nvn;- 
netii>atioii that the"* efTi-Cl* were pr[Hli)c«<). 
From hi» wi-lded riue ho psased on to struigbt 
ban of iron, and obtained with them tb» 
ellecrs prt^Kluoed by his ring. 

At th.il Lim-i the ■ magueliam of rotatiotl* 
excit^'d universal attention. A non-maf!UPlie 
inetatlie disk placid bcnwath a magnetic 
needl<^ and set in rotattan drew the needle 
after it, Onrerernng thumntirjnof lheditk| 
the niwdte first SKqined and then turned back- 
wards, following Ine new rotation. Ara, 
was the discovcrerof r.lii« action, but b*" ven- 
tured oil no i^^splanniinn of it. Its snlutioitl 
WHH reoerveil for Faradav. Tbe disk being 
ciwdwetor of electricity, he clearly Raw thai 
his newly didcovt-red induced currento mm 
be excited in it liy tbc Of^acent needle. H^ 
forthwith Ltgtahligbed tb< exiMence of tfa« 
cummla, proving their direction to be «uch i 
must, in accordancu with tbe laws of (Er8ti?d| 
proilui'H till) oh«?rvt'd rotation. 

Th'^ well-known amuiffenicnt uf iion filings 
round a mnjjnet prnfoundly iniprt-WMl l-'ara^ 
day from the flrnt. By * action at a distauw^'l 
coupli?d with the law of inverw aquaru, tfc 
position of tliMe filings bad be<en nreuonely 
explained. Faraday novor matle iiimself at 
home with this idea, but visualised a «nm»- 
thing round the magnet which f^re tbcBlion 
their |M>«ilion. Tuia oonc*>ptioi), which baj 
used for a longtimeu a mere * repreMninlivM 
idea,' fearing lo commit himi><^lf itt pUyiiio 
rheorv. lay of the mot of his esperimenu,! 
fTec-a^led the littOcalo'iR which thu irouBlii; 
ranged thctnaclres 'lintii of force,* and 



I 



■llowcd bow by cutting tli<;»>.- lim.^, wln'tltor 
thi'j b^Iongixl t-o an artiUciAl ms^ne! or to 
tlie earlti, induc«<l curriiuts ire re ^cncrateti. 
CAiuiii^, for eanraplfi, n copper disk to -pin 
HcmMi tint carThV tim* of lurw, he pr(Kluct>cl 
•uc^Ii eurmils, and di-scribed witli prM*i<ii(>ii 
the poBitioiui of tlio disk whvroiiL no oiirruiK 
could Im< |irmluoiHl by lU looliou. llu p!ay«d 
wilh UiA earth ax with h niaj^4-tic tur. 
Plftcin^ aa iiun hat wUlun a bolix. W lifted 
tliAlJttrintttthi'diriTliniioflhfdipuiiiirni-edlt^. 
An ia()uiu:<d current vos inEioiitir roiii<i-<l in 
tiw lM?lix. On revpminc tlic Uit, k ninvnt in 
tliroppoRitc direction u<tclan>d il<«]f. t(old~ 
inetkif helix inthe lineof dipitbeintrwIuclioD 
and iritbdnn-nl of an imtnH^rtiry^ bur of 
iroa produced curr<.>nt^ in oppofit*! direciiona. 
Barioir and Christie had cxperimnntfd on 
mm shvllB and ir<ja di»k)s but I'vniday.with 
a bmas K^f^ ftnd a coppif di^. obtaiiu'd all 
tibair dltrelE. Tln-y had their I'vu iipwn the 
■■atnl a» capttbh' of lua^Ti-liMn : hn biul tiin 
eve Upon it as a coudtR'tor of elect ricitii^. 
HieapxruUtiQUFHnd vK{<«iiiiieDt8 on tbepos- 
sibVariinnnf thAc^rth If hfn irotor, whether 
tidat or ftuvial, florced over its surface, are 
dorply inien.-sl.iiifr. The ftillowinfj avovraJ 
Bad pivdictioD, made in IB^tl, breatb<! the 
Yvn' spirit of tho true iiitmtipator : ' I haro 
ratber bovn dv«irou# of dlt^covcriiit,' ni-w fiiL-t« 
and new r«Utio)i« il<^|tpiideiil on uiH)i;ni^l(v 
tdeciric indtUTtion. tbim of exalting liie forcu 
of tbo*i^ alri-niU olitairi>-d. tM>ing iw^iirw] l-hal 
the lalt<!r would find their full dLTelopment 
lu-reaJtor.' Tb" uieciric liphliiig of the pre- 
aail iln^r is uirely a Aplondid fulHlment of 
tbia prrdictioa. 

Evprr well-known ftxp(-rim*nl«r 'a aun to 
be floooftd with propoHtlft and BOgj^eBlioiu 
from outsiders. L'rotvdH of H»ch pronoMla 
eatnc to Furadar, but one of them only, he 
dedartil, borv tltu «]i^lil«itl fruit. X yoiinir 
nan named William Jenkiii ha^I observed a 
■bock and aparli of u p>.-euliar character on 
th« iat<>rruption of a roltaic cummt nauiogp 
tbrou^ a circuit contaiuingahelix. Ilewsa 
auioiia to follow lhe»uIgi-ctMp, but bin filthier, 
knowing that sdence waa but a poor pny- 
mnMor, disJuiaibHl him from it« pnrtuit. 'l"he 
vaaroina li-m of ihe&clH nolie^ed by Jvnkin 
l«d Faraday to ll»e diwovrry of the 'extra 
mnvnt,' hi» bftautiftit InTcstif^tion on this 
•'if ■ ' J '■oinintiuit-HU'd to the Itoyul H'j- 
C>> ' in. ]>>:to. It ln>r><thH title 'On 

It' ' by Induction of the Elfirtrir 

C. lit^Jf.' 

I .-.,.i~y had topped now and in- 

*>! n of •■b'cinciiv. Ponder- 

in. iil''-<-i, hf iiAi-^\ Ml.,, .If 

*« UlH'U ol' 

cli'clricifi 




madiinn, tht^ pitp, the f^-mnotus and torpedop 
mflpwto-elpetriciiy, and I benno-«leetncitr> 
tnun'Iy dilTBtent niiuiil'i.'6tfiiiond of on** aad ' 
ihi>itamf ii|;r^ntP HcrVTiL-wed theknowlfulgv 
oftheiiine,turnL'dupontbe8uI»Kl hia power 
48 an ex per im enter, and decidea in Eavonr of 
the ' identity of elwlricitii'S.' Hib inrerti- 

fation was read liffnm l.btf Itoyul Hoctelroa 
Onnd 17 Jan. ]83S. 
Ill' now aiuiwl at obtaining some know- 
lc(i);eofthoirn-bilion.«u»|i)ipianlity. Moiate<n- 
iutf ill huloufipapi-r with tho i.odideofpota.sKiiim 
be derompoMKl the to<tid« by the electricity 
of the machine, |irad«oing a brown mnt where 
t1)<> iodine wa« liberated, tlv then luimereed 
two thin wirei*. the ono of rinc. tho other of 
|>latiniun,ioadc-pthot'liv<'-4'ia;hth«orauincli 
m acidulutl^d w&ti^r. Durint; ci^bt U-ats of 
his watch lie found that tku ulvctricily gemv 
rated by this minute voltaic arranffemi^nt pro- 
duced thu Bome eff\xl on his Kuvanometor 
and on bis moistened paiH-r aj> Ihirly turns of 
liis Urge electrical maeliine. The qimntity 
of wntorberedecompcNwd wai* immeaaurably 
Bisal1,ftRd still, if applied in t-hr^conct-iitrateU 
fonn which It aasiimea in the J.«yden jar, it 
would, Faraday avtsrre*!, he competent to kill 
a rat, and no man would tike to buar it. Ha 
next delermine)! the amount of electriral form 
involved UithedecoDipo^itionoraEinglc fnvin 
of wfltiT. He is alnxttt afraid Iti meiittoii il, 
lindin^ it oqual to SOO.0O0dij<«hargpe, not of 
Ihw ivinductor, notof a single I."yijen jar, but 
of the lar)^?I.eyden battery of the ICoval Infli- 
tuttoii. If ronc-i'nlnitiHlinasinfileduicbarge, 
thia amount of electricity would produce a 
Xnat flash of lightning, while the chemical 
action of « single grain of water on four graina 
of ainc would yield a qnaniitv of electricity 
equal to that of a powi-rlul timndt'relonn, 

Hi? next 8iibj<-ct was the influence of llie 
state of affgregation upon (.'loctric conduc- 
tion, lie found that llie selliianie Miljatanre 
conducts, or R>fu$v« to conduct, aorortling 
as il is liouid or soliil. The current, for 
exainpLe, wnich patwes ihrouKl' vat4>r cJinnot 
pniu tlirouph ire, Oxido, eldoride*, iodides. 
Olid sulphides were proved to h<< itutulators 
when solid, and eonduetor* when fiiM-d ; 
the poMBge nf the current throui^h the fu«ed 
mu** being always nccoinpani<^I bv dvcotn- 
posltion, Wbi-thiir any trace of electricity 
could pa&s through a compound liquid with- 
out dccom|Mi^irig il was a diHttult-d point. 
I-'araday h.-aticd to the idva that a hmull 

i|uaiiitly might do so, Oihur iH^ejitigutyriB, 
aremoft imon^ whom was tho cetrliratKd 
Dp l.a liivi-, i-oiilt-ndM that mi trace of eh'c- 
tririty can pass ihroiigh n. liquid compound 
wiiboutprotlucinj: it* Liiuivulvnt dccumpoHi- 
tion. KaradiiTs pap^r oii this ' Nuw Law of 

OS 



Electric 'Gonduclwn' wn« retd before the 
Royal Society on 2.S May 183^. On ■>() Jiin« 
liovOinmunicftUiiapa|>eroit elcclro-olM-iniMl 
decampositiOD, in wuicli he coinbatiid the 
notion of an attmctivc force pjerti-d by tlifc 
noles inuocrecd in ibo dvcompoMng cell. 
Hi* wblitn obviounlv lo gut n<l of tli« idw 
of « CTiireut, ^ub^titiitiaK for it ihat of 'an 
axis (if jHJwtT.havingcotiirar*' force* exactly 
fK^iukl in amount inop[>OMiU- ilirr<fLioi!«.' Thi.i 
definition could linve vielded him bat Uttlu 
help : it, however, VH liim fiwfnini thi- tnitp- 
Rirlsof a(loflnit«8^mboI. He now glances at 
a aubjiwt or collal«i«l iutenwt. The pow«rof 
spongy plfiliniini to provok« the commnation 
vt K'Xy lien fi»d li^drogen woa diwovCTod by 
Ddbeft-'mtT in iHy.t, and npplini in the con- 
elrui-tiou of lijg |iliilot>o|>faii.- liitnp. Dulonii; 
and ThC-nard proved afUrwards that a well- 
^eanaed pktinum wiro cuuld 1» raiwd to in' 
«andmcviic«! by it« aclion on n j«l of rnld 
liydrfipai. Famday found this powor of pm- 
vokinjfcombinntinn to 1>p ;K)Me»))»<d in a Kink- 
ing d('?gT*e bj[ the potifivr^ plAtinnm plnt.^i nf 
hiji decomposing cell. TbepurificatioD of the 
platinum oy the oxyp;on di«charg«l ai^ainst 
It viii the cstue (^ its activity. 

' In our canctrptiuru and nMsoniogB regard- 

ing the fon'ni of uatuntwe perpetually make 
unn of eytnhols which, when tnej poseesa a 
bi){b i^pivi^ntntivf rnltn*, we dignifv with 
the name of theories. TIiuj*, proroptpd by 
oortain analo^ri^B, wo ascribe clwlricul yhr" 
noiRvnn to the action o£ a ptwiiliar nnid, 
Bometimefl flowing, sometimeaat rest. Such 
coacwrpiions have thi^ir adrauuges and their 
diHidtantaecB ; they aSbrd peaceful lodging 
t<i llie inlell(-ct fnr a lime, but th^y alao cir- 
cunucribc it, and by-and-br. when the mind 
hna K^vwn loo larse for ila lod^ng, it often 
finds difficulty in Dr«aking down Che walls 
of what ha» L>i'cou]0 its prisou iuvtvitd of its 
brimi'.' This»f- words are ijiioled becaui« they 
eo rbimi! in wilh I'urnday'artows.tliatwhi'n 
h« hpiird )hi-m Iw- roiild not TvpnH a warm 
i;xprRAi<ion of asseat. Innvarn tnwhatmay 
be called thtt philonophr of the roltaic pile, 
he wiw anztons to abntiith all term« wntcli 
t4*n<led to pledge him lo theory. Aided by 
Dr. ■Whpwoll, he Siiiight to invent a neu- 
tral tcrmjjiolc^. For th« word ' pylec,' pri- 
vioualy appIiM to the plates ptunsin) iiL a 
decompoaiuon cell, ho subsliluted the word 
*»l«rtrrnlt«H,' TbQderonipo«iitglii|uid)ti<iMi]t<^i 
an ' clwrtTvtlyte,' and the act of di>(?orapo.=it ion 
* elect roly*i«,' Tli«M t«m]sar?nuw of every- 
day uae in science. Tfad term 'anode' for the 
positive eIectrod«,aod' cathode 'for lbMQi.>;ca- 
live one, ar« lc« ftvquc-ntly tiMrd, whiln tho 
Ccrn»'ai)JOD'aiKl<«atioa,'oamc6 given to the 



reHprriive consliluents of the decomposed 
electrolyte, and tlie term' ion,' iocludiog both 
anions and catton^, arc lutrdly UM-d at all. 
Having thus cU-arvd his way, he fixed, as a 
measnre of voltaic electricitv.on the quantity 
ofwatcr decouip(>i«<l by Iho voltaio curruut. 
TlH-twrrectueM of thin measure was lirat esta- 
bliplted. He wnl thii flHme curreni through 
a H'jrira of cells with elect rod u of dtrt«fi-nl 
xizt'H—sriinciif t Ill-Ill plaU-.4i>f plat in tim, others 
&tri|H), othen mere winv -and found tbi.- 
qonntitr of gn* rolh-cl'sl U* \» the Mmu for 
all the cAh. The elivtnw.be mical action 
was thervfon? iudepemleiil of th« size of t he 
electrodes. It wm uUo indttpendi^it of tht> 
intensity of the current. Whether the b»t- 
tery was charged with stron}{ acid or wMih, 
wild her ii c<.>ni>istvd of Uve |«ir» or of fifty, 
in shfirt, whatever it* force might be, the 
same current, ^eut through the t-urivi of 
adlx, ilt:rnm)>0!ti-il Ihe .wmi- ammtiil of waliT 
in all. Hence the confluHioa I hat ttleclro- 
rbi-mical deconii"iBition dependii *oli'ly upon 
(li« qnanlity of elecirifitT which pa^Aes 
through the decompoeins c«il. On tlu* law 
Farsciay based tl»e construction of his ci>lt,— 
bnit«d ' voUametiT.' And now he ewoop* 
down upon oae of hiD most con»iderabtcdii- 
coverieit. In iho same circuit lie intrndui^il 
bin voltamelxr ami sor-ll coiilAiiiing chlori<t« 
of tin, and m>iasun.'d the dec<imi>08ition iu 
holh m*""*!, Tho WHlernnd ibfi-hforiiii-' wnrw 
found to he broken up in pro^rtionsetpreesed 
by tbeir respective chemical equivnlrnte. 
Thi- electric force which wven-d the ciwi- 
fiiituents of the water molwule proveJ coni- 
pttlent, and nciltier mor>' nor 1^** than cim- 
peteol, to Mver iheuoiiioiiueutAof the mole- 
cule of the cIiEnrido of tin. The fad was 
typical. With the electrolysis of water, as 
m«a«urvd by his voltamei'jr, be compare<l i lie 
eloctrolyvis of other i^ubfttnnces. both singly 
and in Nvri«8( and proved b>jyoud iloubt thai 
the decomuos!lt"iix of ibt- vollAtc battery AT» 
aa definite in iht-ir chanicler an those chemioal 
COmbinalion« which gnve birth lo tho ntxmic 
iheorv. 

In IdOO V'olta discorered the pile, and annt , 
an account of his dtiicovcry to Sir JoM-plu' 
HaTiks, who lodu;vd it, a« a pe«rl of ^crvad 
price, in the ■ rhilosophicnl TransactiotiA^ 
The source of powur iu the pile, th'> fotv« 
which generated the current and urgol il 
forwanl, was long a subject nf Beroo oont 
tiiin. Voltii liinw«"ir«Miiposi-dit lobewTcit 
W the rontiict of different roetnlc. Fie eetii- 
blixheil Wyond all doubt tluit nleciiirity i| 
d^T^lop'^l bv fliich contact, and Iih aasiinw*^ 
that at the place of contact an elcctio-iDotivi 
forfv came mlo play which strvered the Iwfl 
clectricitiv*, jfourin^ tb« poaiiive over odi 



metal, and the aegstive over ih(> oiUcr. 
Volt* fen^W nothinf^ nf tbe dit-mical nctioiu 
pf till" pile. Tin- <i>s'<'iii(io»iliori of waUtr wtw 
BntnotifC)! br Nii.*tii)lMii)umH'arliAle. 'J1if 
aHaily of ita pti>_'ni»iiit.'na H'.uin Jnlnxlucixl the 
idoii lliat rlit-mirnt lu'liiiii, iimi imt t)ii; iiir-nr 
oontiH;tur<liirFrL'nlaictAl!i,witslhptn]f^Miiim> 
of itiUaic ]>owiT. I'lirHdny piiinued with 
mnl'Hir ititrt lliU w>nt ivi wrAV- 'I*' *i>w ^ horai- 
etl i-lTectb ^oiiii; haiiil in hand with I'leciriral 
*ffVct8, til'- iinp lH'iri([ strictly |ir(n>ortiotuil 
In Uie nthf r. IW jirixliiccl nirriMit « without 
nu^lliccnntart ; lu.< disco v<-ivd lii)uid» which, 
tlKMtj^h (y>iniwtiMit to trftnsmit th^ feeblest 
CuiT«tili>, were nljMilutvl.v |>uwiTti.*5 whc'ii 
eh«mieiUI>' innclive. This invest i gat inn was 
pamiiiiiniculedUitLL'It'jyii) Socit'ty. 17 April 
IS'H. Htil, deMiiti^ llu* ciiC<'ni-y nf iln- facts 
uid the CQaeluBiren^as of vw. liVjiii;. the sup- 
porUtni of ihr mnljicl th<?otv f-'insineil hmj! 
unmoTablf!. With mir prftu'ni vii'WH of tlie 
ialxractimiui'lcotir^rliliility of natum) forces 
Rudl Apacition is hanlly e<>nociTnbIc. Th« 
MtoUBaing c-omuf^iK'nceii of VoltiiV orUKiiop- 
tioD Uld of thtt TiDWS of his followera yroK 
laid ban? by I^r. R<>p.-l ai> rarly um 1839, 
Ilia words ueAurvi? to be kt-j)!. in )»T]i<-lual 
rencoibimiicv. * If,' he eays, ' them could 
extat R \ioweT having thi> pni[(i-i1y amribr^i 
la it by the brpothpniB, namely that r.f giving 
continual imt)iil«> lo b tluiJ in one n>nrtani 
diiwiinn, vitliout Ik'inff i^xh(iii«tfd hy jr^ 
owii act ion, it would ditTlTL'^si-iiliaUy from 
all th<^ knnwti powers in naturv. All thv 
powera and aources of motion with the ojio- 
niion of which we an* ncquaiutoil. when 
pivduciD^ thew pcctil tar L-SV-ctH, art* oxpiiidiM] 
m [hi.< name pru[K)rli<)n iiH ibusn rfl'ivlH aru 
ptoduCMl : and bcntro ariMit th>- iniixijisibility 
of obtaiutii|{ by thoir agi-n<.'y a jwryctual 
et&<!t,rtr, in othtr wordi. ii jhtji-'I un I tnuttim.' 
Fonday'p vsperimtitilii and n-aaoningfi on 
tJw:tndy«;» roinpi'llxd liim t^i look into Ibe 
▼try h«ui nf bii< di'rnmjMvnng liqiiiilA nnd 
U) brins tlieir iillimnli* inoIi.*ci>1e« within his 
range of vision. Hi-hadDodniibt that tbrciir- 
rtml wiv" prtipagatfd from pari icle lo pnriicleof 
tb(.' I'W 'rolyt*, nod he became inoiv ond more 
inprp<«L'<I with t\xr cuiiviction that onllnary 
filMtric tmluctiOn wn» alwi tmnsniitla-d and 
fuiiljiin>.il bv the acti^m of rofltiguourf jKirei- 
el4ML Tb(^ idrn of notion nt n dii>liinc<> •■l>- 
Tionsly jptn^th-xpii and hcwihh>iT-d him, nnd 
it amy fxi addi><) that in our own day ibit 
id' ■ infirp and mwri^; both cIpo 

ir ■(.'lioiiK, lik^'thoM^ of light, 

b' ' :an«tiiill*4j throu^'h iin all- 

iu II. Inrrlitlioii to thi« i^itb- 

y " jiledly ijijottw ihi* m.^mor- 

n' Ion: 'Tliat irravity fihr<iil(l 

bu ...__;, ;^ul,uid «t»vatiaJ to mailer, 



BO that one bodv lOAy act upon another at a 
distaiirt- throiigna \-ncuiim, and without lh« 
EUi-diatioti of Hinthini,' vln-, by and through 
wbicb lIiLi action nnd furceaiay be tuiivvyul 
from one to anolhi;r, is to me to gKAt an 
ubitiirdilv, llinl 1 bi'lii'VK no man who has in 
philoEdphicnl mnttfpa n compctpiil fiicollyof 
thinking will I'Viir foil into it. Gravity uiiBt 
b<> ntiisM hr an ogpnt octinfr rnn^tantly ac- 
i-onling to t^eriain Uwft, but wlii'lher tliig 
n^<nl fiL> mslurial or ioiinalvrial, I bave lefl 
to thp coniti<le:mlion of my readers.' Two 
great to«r« weio accepted by h'araday at atif- 
tiuivnt to prove the existence of a misdium; 
tbe truiismi»»ton of power in curved lines, 
nnd the consiunplion of timp inlrnnsmtasion. 
Af n_-|nirdB Ihv electric furctf he thought 
he bail proved that it iroiihl acl roiinti m 
comvc. His wxuetimento on thia 6Ulj«:t 
vifi*-. not iirtfptril n;i<-nui;liiiiiv>-, norwfT*> iiis 
views clearly njiprce&fd. Thfyfnmit!il, how- 
ever, a groundwork for hia iniccftson, who 
B.TV now 0ucce»fully worliing in thn direction 
which he pointed out. ISutif vtcctriciiidtii:- 
tion bo tmnsmitt«d as he supposed, bv eun- 
tiguouH panicltut, i» it not pKliubh' (hat ibii 
particlcD of diHVrent biidit's will exhibit dif- 
f'jrent powera of tran^mimun ? He set lo 
work lo tfHt thta iil«a, aud pndfd bv thf^ dix* 
eoveryof that quality of 'di-electrics' which 
in nubniiirini< cK.blii> now plnvii so im|Kirtant 
a part, and which n'taina the namf thnt 
I'aradny gave it. ]ly suitable devices he 
ploci-d Q amnll mnal sphrrv in the middle 
of a )arg>er hollow one, leaving a 8pac« of 
somiiwbnr more than half an inch between 
tb«m. Ttu: iiHide "phviv wna iiu'uliil'rd, the 
outride one uninsulated. To the runner b» 
eommunicnted n measured clinrgc of electri- 
city, wbicli aelt.-d by iiiduPI ion upuu tlie eun- 
cave itarface of Ibe larger upbfrt-. Two in- 
strumi'Dls of this kind, aud uf the mme situ 
and form, w'-r>'ciiii«lriirlfd,lbi' in*id''-',]ihnri.> 
of each communicating wiih tint estcnial air 
bv an itifliilnlr-d btassislf-iii.endingin a knob. 
l'h.> ap|»(inttuit wttf obvioiwly a Ijcyd'-n jar, 
having the two uplierti as cuttings, bifiwevn 
which any ini>uhLtor could be introduced. 
Uue of ih'tf jar« bviug charged, and ilt knob 
couoed to touch the knob of tbe other jar, 
it was found, when air was the insulator, tliaC 
the f-lia.-gtt wn>>(H|uaIly divide!. I'enuittin^ 
studlac, nnlphnr, or lipL'rmnceti in one of the 
jars to tiik'.' tbt< plncfof the air, it wa« found 
that the jar occupied by tbt-'aoliddi-flwlrio' 
took nu>T>; iban half tht> original charge. The 
electricity Wirt obvioualy aiitwirbed hy th<r di- 
eK-ciric. It, moreoTer, took timu to pcne- 
trato the latter, from which it gradually 
rrturnis.1. This i» on dfrat familiar to ex- 
p«riin«titera with the L<eydcti jnr. Faraday 




•araday 



198 



Faraday 



figoml tlte uanielw at tlio di-sltwLric u 
polarised, uut coocladed thsl nlflctric in- 
aticiion vfna ^-arritid on from partide to p»r- 
t-iclw from lln- iiiiMfr xjihirv to thw ouUff uiin. 
To t.hia |Kiwpr of propuf^lion he (rave the 
ttAtn^ 'sjicfiric inducliVL'c«piM:ily.' II« tht'n 
^lonood at iviDdiiction in iis relation m 
mductioii, Hnd ffeDeralued thus : ' Cou we 
sot> by • grtdiukl chain of ueociation, crnrj 
up tli(> diochargo from it« occurrence in nir 
tfiroit^h spenunoeti and water to aoluliou, 
and then on to chlorides, nxidflB,&nd metaU, 
without any easeniial chan^ in it« dia- 
mctcr?' Th* action of tht iiarticleo <rf the 
beiiV Gooduvtur dilTi-re, according to Faraday, 
only in deiptie fri;m tlint uf tlis portiolH of 
theinsaUtor. Partideeofcopper^lorexataple, 
are first chnn^tl in suconsion by induction ; 
but; lliftv rapidly diiicharg« theniMlTeB, nnd 
ihis qutc)( moleciilnr diBchiu^ is what we 
rail cortductjon. It may be stated hon that 
Faraday, in ltj34, foiv«aw that nlanlatioD 
must ocfur in wires circumstanced Ukc thoM 
of stibmarinu cables. 

Ill 1841 hii) health broke down, and for 
three years he did nothing, not even ' reading 
on acivnco.' Mwnioninilii wTil.(*tn by Faraday 
at this time provethat hiamind vaaA^riomty 
ahsken. lie ^rent to Switzerland accom- 
panied by his wife and brotbt^r-tn-lAW. His 
asrvw bad be«n shattered, but his mtuclus 
were atrong. At the table d'hote ho wa« 
quito iiuabto toenterinto convenution; but 
(iut«idu he WM cupable of great plivaical exer- 
tion. A journal «;ntry of bis mude at Int>!r- 
laaliun liiiii bni-n iiln-ndy quutpd. Anotlir^r, 
whii^h Btrikingly rereala the religious tone of 
his mind, mar bii g^iren htm. On \2 Au^. 
1841 hfr>l/Kiilbi-fi)ri.(th»liallsof theOiMslMcii. 
'The Run fdioa>; brighllT, and the rainbows 
sem from various points wi^n* vervbenutiful. 
OnCj at the bottom nfa liiit; but fiiriou-i fall, 
was Terr pleasant — there it rem&ined motion- 
leas whdo the fi^iftsof rloii<1 an<l »pray swept 
furiou»ly acrocs it« tikcf, unil uerwdashod 
against the rock. It looked like a spirit 
Btrong in faith and stvaUbst iu the midst of 
the pinnii of paauona aweepinif ocroaa it ; 
ond, though it might &de and rtn-)%'«, still it 
held on to the rock, ns in hopi', anil giving 
hope.' 

ASKOon ashjabaaltl) pennitt^x), he r«»ume<l 
his work, and in TfoTembt-r ]M6 annoanofd 
n dii>cuvi-r>' which be called ' ths magnetisa- 
tion of light, tiud Ihf illumination of iho 
linm of electric force' The IJtlo provoked 
eonitniMil at the time, and caused misappne- 
benaion. It was soon, bowawr, trawlnliid 
uto 'tlie rotation of tlui phine of polarisation 
by mognota and hv eleclriccurrents.' How- 
over it may hsw bevn dwcnbod, this is oii« 



of Faraday's most prvgnant and beautiful 
diseoveiie«. Ue alwayn thouuhL thnt more 
lay coiici-aU-d in it than was admitt<:d by the 
HcieiiLiBo uii-fi of bin lim«, and this Lhouirht 
is oreti now in pracesa of veriflcation. fh« 
di>itfov'T>- was made by meuu of that heavy 
gliis<i whidi hofl failod to produc« the optical 
elfects expected from it. 'A fneoe of this 
^Um, about i inchi-s square, and O-o of an 
inch thick, having Aal and poUsht-d edges, 
was placed between ihi* poRf. (not a> yet 
magnetised by the tl«ctric current), so Ibal 
the pi.)lart8od ray iihuuld p&si through its 
lengui. Thv gm*s acted as air, wat«r, or any 
other tnuiHparuut subeitanni would do;. and 
if the eye>pipct! wtrre previouiJy turu<vl into 
i<uch a poeitioa that the polarised my was 
i:xtingiii:<tiii), tlw'n tli" intrwluelion of the 
glaa« made no alteration in thitsreHpi-ct. In 
thii> Atnle of ciri.'umjitanee« the force of tbo 
eleclnfmugnct wa4 developed hy sending an 
electric ctircvDl through iia coiU, and iiunio- 
diately the ima^ of ihe lamp dame became 
vitiibU-,audooiiUnucdBoaskiugaflthoarnuigL>- 
ment continued magnetic, tin Aloppiug ilio 
electric current. aiiom canning the magnetio 
forrt* to i^iwe, tint light inslanlly ttij>iRpp«are<). 
These phenomena coutd be renewed at plea- 
Kiiru ot anv itixtiint of lime, and upon any 
occasion, nlio^'ing a p'*rf.'ct dependence of 
cauw and effect. Many oubstaiHwe, oil uf 
rurpenrine nnd qiiarix ^or examplo, cause 
Ihe plane of polarisation to rot«t« wilhuul 
ihe intervention of magnetism. The ilitfi^ 
reuce, howovcr, beiwooii Farudsr's rotation 
and the rotation known befon^ lii« timu is 
pmfoiind. If, for example, a polarised beam. 
after having bt*n caMM*<l to route by od of 
turpentine, could by any m>-ait.'> bi? njlWlrd 
Imck through tliu liciuid, the rotation tm- 
preMCi! on the direct btuim wouUl be o.«M!tly 
nentrstised by that irapreBacd on the reltected 
one. Xot f'l with Fiiniday'a rotation, which 
was doubled by the act of rcfU'ctJoo. With 
exquisite skill he augm(ait«d his effect by 
multiplying bi« n-floctions, "ttHien, for ex- 
ample, the rotation irapreMcd ou thin dir«cl 
beam was I2f, that ocquirod bv throe paa- 
sag<!4> through tho i;lass was 3tl^, wlula tbnt 
dinived from five passages waa QVt^ 

Faraday's next great step was the discovery 
of (liitnuignoliAio. llrugmanns, Becqu>>rel, 
LvBaillii;SaigT,andSeebeck hadnrevioutly 
iodicntod tli« "xiMencw of a repulsive forco 
exerti'd by a magnet on two or thtiv t>uh- 
etnuces. It is suTprising that the ohser^'O- 
linn was not pushed further. Everj- indica- 
tion of this kind, however amikil, rouikHl 
Faradav's anloiir, causing him to c-xpaud ami 
multiply ii. It wosafrogmum of his famous 
heavy gUss that ravealed to blm One fact of 



liumugntrUc npuLvi'm. Sunpi-nilnl Wfnn' 
tdther |>ole of oa trleciro-inacn>.'i it w&e re- 
pvllcd trlitn tlic forct' n'U« di'Telojtfd. Sii»- 
peod^ n» a bar beiwiwu tlic twojKilcK, it re- 
trMttul whri-n tLe niaf;ni!t -wt^ excited, Kt- 
ting its Ii-n0h nt ri};lit uii/lrs lu iJic lint.- 
jouiiiiii tbe [M>[<i!i<. A tuaf[iiRtiehnr,)>imitjirly 
iouipeiuled, oIw&tb set it^ lunirlU from pole to 
poll*, Th»" fimi iif tli<*n- pueitionB FiiniiUy 
Cmlli-d tlM-'Mjiiutfiriul'iiCKMlioii, iJirvriiinil iJitt 
'axuil'iMKiuon. In ac'conlaiice with iii;^ usual 
bfttiit ill- piwhvd bin f xpt'rimi'nis on lUnnin^- 
luttiuu in all p»j*^ih1t! ilinH'tiniiK. He Hiib- 
jcvl^ bodies oT all kindit to itie action of bis 
magact, and found tlint do known Aolid or 
lii[uid va» in»en.'<ibU' (» uiacm-tH: [tower wlicu 
it wa«dev(>lop«^l in iruAicient stnMijftli, I'Vra- 
<lay tiiiDMlf wai> tli>.i ttret to tbrow out ttiu 
by[K)l.hf^a!a tbaL ibe di'imrtiuful. of diatiiag- 
uetic botUea cuuld he explained by HMBUBOUg 
an Lbf^ir raw a polarily tlit< n.vfnte of tliat 
<>xliibiU'd by tna^etic bodies. Thie b^-po- 
tbp>i«, bQW4>t-«!r. was but loosely b«Id, and 
bis own i>x]>orinirnT.H failed to iiiniiitli any 
evidencv of its trutb. Tlie iitGtrumeuls em- 

Sluvi-d by Faraday iu his iuYi-stif{aUons on 
iainagnettc polarity Uckvd tbu iMceMBry 
licAcy, and failed to ithow biui a ijualily 
1 cliametur of tbix n«w rcpulli^ut foroi:, in 
neapM-l n» c^rlnio a« ntdinary mi^^- 
ortie |H)lanty. But tboii^b this fundamentul 
Uilvof tliM (orcH liw Iwd dincovvrvd eludod 
i, liirv experimental deririM diirinfr tbe 
jiMj (if tliv diM'iUMiuii w«>tv of KurpaesiDi; 
bflauiy. IIIh (•xpi^riiiients and ^pxiilationn 
<ia tbt< dciKinment of cryMaU iu t be mounelic 
Aeld, a dirnorluioiit pr«dictc<:l by I'oiMon. nnd 
ditfctivervu ¥X]>L'rin»eni«lly by ibw illu»rriotM 
gwmt;t rtcian T'iticker, arw jirofoufidly intv- 
ffiliii^ and iiislnicttvc. They throw raoiv 
Ilffhr rhen any oibt^rs un lUu cLumctvr of 
Faraibiy's mind and culture. He itivt^iitMl 
oi'W tvnna tu dcscnb-i and ni-w forctis to hx- 
|iIaiuniaaiU!-ery»tallir{>benonii^iu. It iamai^* 
Tcllvuc Tiuw true bis iastiticts vrt^re, even 
wbcmliiH »|H-t:'u)al inim wi>rv iiivaliil. Through 
tM*>itili>f^ ofleti coufiised, 1m} noa^'d to i:!]^^ 
filXM'nlal renilU which It<> at tTie vt^ry core of 
lb* queation in hand. IV- cTplanation of 
tha complex pbeiinuiena of rtin(pth?-cr)stullic 
AetioBwaMrv-ndcodimpoiviblctohimthroai^b 
bis pyi-Hrt ion of the doclriuu of diniunguvlic 
[utlarily. A.pptyinn' tbw principle to niii)(- 
Dvlic and diamnimuti*: cryitlaja tliti force 
pro]«r to i^oi'li 1.1 iilway* found uclin^ in 
■nouplea'in the nuiinieiiu field, and from the 
actiiHi of kucb roiip!i.i> lli<> ob««rv(>d pbvoo- 
nwoa fli>w as simple mH;hanii'*nlcon!i<'<|ii>'nr>:is. 
Hancalari bad c^tabliidu^ tlie niaunutism 
.offlaniv. It ii an inUn-'^iinK tixpcriuimt \o 
\ jrbM A Ii({bU.Hl vuidie butwcua twu fu'uMtd 



polfs and to eplit the Uaimj in two by tli« 
vscitfiineul of tbit uia^uct. According to 
the position of ihu Hanie it cau be dapnauad, 
elevalisl, or blown aoidv, by llut mapietio 
force. Faraday rtipealcd lliiucitlHri'a <<izp(^ 
rtuiunt«, and, poaein^ from flames to goAea 
generally, mtnhlinlicd tlu-ir mjiguetic and 
uiaioagiutic pon-crs. Tlomade niini'troui fx- 
periincnU with oxygua and aitro^n, wliicli, 
asconi^titueiitHOf tint uartb'italnuwphere, hmt 
an iniportancfl of Chfiirown. Oxygen he found 
111 Ih' Htrungly magnetic, uitro^ea at llrat 
feebly dianuignoiic but aftem-arda neutral. 
,\ii n btiy be loved to play with soap-bubblw, 
and hi; now applied tbom to n more senoita 
purpose. XbedtiporttiK-ut of ox>*)icn iu air 
' was very impreasive, the bubble btmg imllwl 
inward, ur towarda llif uAiolUuv, sburply and 
suddenly, on if tbe uxygrti wtre highly mnjj- 
Qutiv.' A strong Teiu of uietaphyaJca rutut 
tbrouKb ihn HjH.'ciilntiiinii of I'arg^iy, but hia 
ujtpenmentfl are always liandled with iv^gal 
powar. He tliouf^bt it important to lix ibe 
magnetic z<!TU, to discover if pocaible a sub- 
stance numnd lo the uu^net wben excilvd 
to iu ittli^tDoat. A bubble of nitrogen aus- 
peoded in air was rfpelled, and a baaty ub- 
ittTvcr might infer tbal nitrogen was diainaf^ 
nulic, but Faraday Kaw thu the apparent 
repulnion mifilit be reiiliy due to thi! attrao 
tion of the Hurntuiiding atmofipburic oxy^n. 
Aftttr u «erieit of fxpi^rimeuta of tbe rarest 
Iwauty and predaion, he came to the eoiw 
clu«ion that uitroK«u was ' like apace itself' 
^neither ma^etic nor diATna^nct ic 

He next compared the magnetic LDtenaity 
of oxygon wilb that of ablution of sulphate 
of irou, and found that , bulk fur bulk, oxygva 
i*ei|^iialiy m«({nelic with «ucU a solution 'con- 
la in m^ sine n(4.'en timcatho wttiffht of theoxy- 
gi'ij iu crystallised prolosulplialeorirou,or34 
tiraeft its' weipbt ol metallic iron in liiat Mal« 
of combination.' The attract ton of a bubbia 
ofoxj'^-n at tbe distance of au inch from the 
magnetic axis he found to bo about equal to 
the gravilHtin)^ Dircx of the aamu bubble, 
His tbouu^u now widen so as to ombraco 
tlieeorth'sattnospberaaDd thepossibleactioa 
of its oxygen on the magnetic ni^Ie. Two 
tlaliorate memoirs on atmospbenc niacnetism 
were sent to the Royal 8odotT on Uet. anrl 
19 Nur. l^sGO. Th« eti'bct of heat and cold 
upon the magnetism of tbe tir ood cho rc- 
aiutant action on the nu^jiietic nwdla otv 
diaciuwed. Kataday bera makes a masterly 
use of t he ooDveigenGa and divergence of tu 
liuee of tvirestrial mafrnetic fonnt. TkoM 
lincA arc bi.<i giiidinyi light through tfaiamost 
Jitiicult domain, tlo applied iiis mults to 
the explanation of ibe amnml and diomal 
variation, UMlaUocoiuiden.-d ti regular varift- 



Faraday 



300 



Faraday 



tiona, [nclu<linf^ maf;;n«t.ic niorms. Wlicth«r 
in these iaquiries i'anday fiueceeded in vs- 
lAbiiAbing tbe point* nt which ll^ ninied U 
mnro tjiaa eftn be asiiert':^!, but that ■ Irady 
Ml nmffnetic as oxy^a, ■tvutliin;' tlio i^rth, 
and euDJecllo local variatiniiti of t^iui>eniture, 
dium«l and lumiial, muiil influence iDC m&iti- 
fftaUtioDsof terrv^lnal mngnetismciin banllj 
be tloubtt.'d, T)iv uir ihal utAtidi on a iu|uar« 
fool of iln^ earth's Aurfacu is eqtiivalciit in 
as^oetic force tu ^,llK>puuada of en atallisiid 
|>r(>t<>*ul]ihiitn uf iron. Such antuiTt^ianH qui 
nardly bi> ahaohitely neutml ks regatus the 
deporttiM<nt uf t)i^ magtifltic npwlle. 

Faradajr'a Kpeculations on matter and forc« 
are in tfao highwt dc^jtrcu curious and int4>- 
rwtiug. Ilfl (ouj^ht, among other ihintrs. to 
libDratchimHelflromlhobondA^pofthpntomic 
tliMr>-, and lii» vi*<w» hav« {irolnihly had a 
»erioutt influence on hia cbemicAl snccessorfl, 
Somv ot tliuM coufildvr, u hfl did. 'that 
the vrord" rli-finite prrijxtrlion*, e>)uivalt;ntit, 

primes, kc px|>re^- all the farta of what is 

usually calk'dtlii^ulomitftbi.'ory in (.-heiniHtr)'.' 
Chitaidi' chemistry proper, hnwevtr, domain.4 
of pliilosoi^hy exist where the words quoted 
brrnraday would hnv» no niraniiif;. ftnd in 
whteh thocoueeiitionof iheatomis esst-ntinl. 
\Vc cannot, for cxunipk-, put a definite Tifo- 
forium uriLii i>qui(ulvnt number EUlLcontjiu 
of a tFbta of wav<^d iu the luininiferouBeiner. 
Ilurotbii vibraliii^'al-iin mu«t bu rc^rdedis 
the real Houn^eof the nnition. Sttll Faraday'* 
ruisonings ore in tho biRb'>st tlc^roo curious 
and tngt-niiiim. (.Inippliii^ with tlio notion 
that malteristnnde up of nioleciiloa sr paraled 
from t^'Hch other by intermolecuUr Epncw, he 
obanrvtui that 'kjiiici.' niunl Irr'ttikon lut rhr^onlv 
continuous part of a body an couatil uii>d.' 
Ho turns lo elec-lricit.yin search of a t«et for 
thifl nntion. Conwdcr, he argiiea, the com of h 
noticondiictor like xhellnc. Space must hero 
b« an insnlntor, for if it were a conductor it 
would resemble a ' tine metallic web ' pene- 
Irftting ihp lac in every direction. But the 
fact ii that it re»embleft the wax of black 
sealing vnx, which anrrounda a.nd inaulal^.^ 
the uDTticlvs uf uouductine carbon, to which 
ilu! I)1ackni-ju> in due. In llui cnwi of slidW, 
therefore, space is an insulator. Rut in the 
caae of a conductor wi' tuire.as hefore, o|wce 
Riirronndin^ evt-ry atom. If njieoA b" an iti- 
BuUtor, ad proved a moment a^o, there can 
be no transmission uf electricity from atom 
to atom. Itut there is lrHn»mi)<«ion, hence 
spare i> a conductor. Thu4 he hami>en the 
Atomic theory. 'Tin', n'^«^'lninf; cndi^ in d Rub- 
Tcrsion of that theory uttog<-ihfr; for, if Apaci' 
be an in^uhiUir, it cannot cKifit in conducting' 
bodies, and if it bv • C<niducl0r, it caunut 



exist in inHuIatin(r bodiM. Any jmund of 
reasoning,' hf a<ld*, abawloninf^ litH UHunt ' 
temwrate eantion, ' which icnda to such con- 
oltuiotia as thew. tnui>t in il^df Im fal««.' 
Like IViscovich, Karadny aboli.<(h^ thentOM, 
and put a ' centre of force ' in its place. 

AnotlterslrancespecuUtinniscRihodtHd in 
Blotter to Mr. Phillip* publislied in the ' I'bi- 
IiKtophtcal Mi»(fa/ine' for Msy IS-ltl. It i* 
entitled ' Thouphta on Ray Vibnuion*,' and 
set-uui Iu thuw that Karaday looked n\ton 
whut h" called the lines of gravitating forc« 
Bjt so many fine siring capable of vibratiou. 
Alon.Kthes»!iR<-ji)«!iup;iO!teAthe»tldulaiioiiA 
of li^ht la be propagated. He concludes 
tlmt 'this notion, AX far n* il is admit I>mI, 
will dii^nw with ilie ether,' addin|f thai hi« 
vivw'fudeavura lodUioiss tbeeth>-r, but noi 
llie vibration.' There was a vast vftgiiencw, 
aud ui immensnrahlo honefulness in Fara- 
day's views of matter ano force. A strong 
imagination i« required to understand him 
and u> syn)|iathisi- with him, IXis views hud 
lo him almoflt the stimulus of a religion, and 
thuy urpid him to work witliexiicrtation aii'l 
sucoessinregifmswhereB h^Monginal, tbougli 
belter mined, man of science would have laid 
down his tooU in df*]Mir. 

His * line* of mattnetio force ' took pc w sw 
sion more and more of Faraday's mind. The 
huit thni' papers of his ex^rimental re- 
searches are oc^^upii-d with this subject. In 
flwHt papers f.i\i)erimcntK of i'jtqui«ilotieanty, 
on wires uioviiig rouud masneta, are d^ 
ficribed. At Rrst rvcardiog toem as « mere 
'n-prfwi-nlnliveiden,' Im> Wne<l tii aft«r j«ant 
more and more to the notion that the 'Unm 
of force ' were comiccled with a physical sub- 
ptmliim. In thin conni^ton the litl'- uf hii* 
bi.st pnp<!r is «ignillcani : *fln the Physical 
Chancter of the Lines of Magtu-tjc Force/ 
Its has been known lo hold up n magnet in 
one of his lectures and, knocking it with his 
knuckle, to exclaim: ' Xot only is the fore*- 
here, but it is also here, and hen', and lierv,' 
passing at the same time his hnnd ihroujtli 
ibo lur ruund the magui't. F'or ibu ««ke uCj 
refi-n-nce Faraday numbered nil ihe pan- \ 
Krnphs in bis memoirs, the last ntimlH,-r b<>iiitf- 

Itemarkable testimony as to Faradnr'^l 

P)wcT n^ a Iccinrcr is given by th« late Sir ' 
rcdiyick J'oItt»ck in hi* ' Kitmentbnnces,*' j 
To prepare himself for |p<.'luring he took le*- I 
sons iu elocution: lits indcbtnluMS lo thes« 
was, boworer, Kinall. His influence as a leo^ 
turer rousiiited less in the lopcal and Inddj 
arrangf-nient of his materials lluin tn (he 
grace, famestnt^ft, and ri*tinoment of hl» 
whole deuteauour. Li hia juvenile lectum*^ 



p 



nxhar tliin in thoM iddreMted to rulullft, liia 
laeidity w&« nt. ils best.. Except by tliuse 
twU a4-(|iuii»t>sl with his •iiibjc-ciii, hi* Friilaj- 
eTcDUi^ diiicuun>es w«iu someiimon difficuh 
to follow. Bui ht- KxerciiM-tl n iimgic on his 
b<4ur#r« whk-li ofl«ii M'IiI ibuiu KWny pvr- 
Hi«d*M Ihut ihej' kntiw nil about a Hubject of 
whidi tbt'v linew but Itulc 

Id v»t\y 'liijs Ijv stldt-d to bin modt^st 
•alarjrfrnni the Koyal In.-litution a nupple- 
mvntary incantL' derivi'l frum wbal bo Gsll>.-d 
* commercial wiirk.' T)ii« i^n|>[>li-niriit niiiflit 
bare bc'en rniit, liiu jiii^l a!< it .iliDwod aigiia 
i>ff»pon»iun,l-'iirH<i«y«!fan»lon«lil. lletwiM-n 
1H25 And I8iO hiH *venie>' nnniiitl o^irnint:* 
from «iich )«oiirce(i Wf iv 1.' 1 1 1. lU-t\wf:n 1 i^;)(l 
aod Ifiai Iio made hv commc^n'ial wor): iin 
»v(-m^<! tncvme of ')Oti/. In 1831 lii» lii);ho-st 
&;u», LOW/. 4<i.. was nttained. lu IIU^, oti 
ibv otbvr biuid. il vrai) zuro. Tbt' Ikll ni 
F4nidft}-'t> cummi-rcial iiifomi; kjriii'broniHHl 
with bis dierovcTy of mapneto-eloctricilv, 
wbnn wiiHiIIt ^niiw bt'cuniv cnint>.'in|ilibli- iti 
corapori.ion with thr rirh ftcietititir prnvinc** 
whirb ho had siibd\ic<I. In lt«W! h« become 
9-»cntifio advLsi-r to \ hr Trinity I Iim**. From 
time lo I inie Le^'ave evidt-iict- iu the ttiwcouns, 
bat Michworii viu Ttol conof^Tiiul lo him. lie 
wwioowuMtivv ii> hvnr Uw hrowbi-ftiiu^; of 
cnM^^\amiuiii^ci)uii<wl. The lati-LioixICdnl- 
WcU W»^ willit:«s to n gpritio bill i-riishin(; ni- 
iinii>l<-Tuil by Fnriiduv tiiu, Iwi^ ' 
ttempted lo bwllv liim. II*-. 
f, snon cut bimM'lf ndnfl from isiirb 
employmfni, which an jnut MalM wiib <*ii- 
titvly foreign to his Xaiiv. In ItiaS Sir ito- 
burt Pcol witih'.d t" -ilfrr Fnrnilny a pciiAion ; 
it fell to Ltird Mt;Ihoiiriio to pGiionn thi« [ 
ious wrl. At th« mil^'l, however, hij* 

3sbip did not an^uit bimwlf pmciouMy, 
Ikui^ unawaivof the seii*itivt' iiiui'wndeut.'e , 
ot the umu with whom ho hud to deal. Ilv ' 
tbn i>rim«uiitiiflli'r'8deiiir«, Fiirndiv cdlli.'d (o 
»i«ihiu. Thr bruaKjneneMof ly^nl Slolbourne 
dttl nol pl»asn Fandnr. He eeenit'd tu ndi- 
£uli- tbi> iili-ik nf iM'ttoiniiit, And in ni^firn^inti tn 
them thr term 'hiimhui;' wa.^ incautioiMly , 
iiM<(). Aft<T (jiiilting the miniMer, I'ormlay 
vfiottf tt *hort awl dl•<■i^ivn n'lti' declining ihc . 
petmioD. Hui after a p.'od deal of elFon ou I 
iheparr. of common frifiidft. th'-nuittiTcnilod 
in Jt lUBnatT credit nbl>' I'j nil {lartiM. I..onl i 
MollKHime Mini a wriltin i.pglojjy lo Fnro- i 
day, <«hocnJiiye«l tbt) [iPnMiin of dOOA to tbu ' 
cud iifhi* iif>-. 

For the ivlnxfttion of \iU mind, ha fre- ' 
niifnlly vi^itifl Ihn lbentn?«. Ilin food waa | 
«iiu]iln but i^-nt-mufl. At hi" two oVlwilt | 
•liiiiter h> Iti-' IiiN uimI and dnuk his wine. 
II* !•('(;■ Iiy lifliri^r tuitli hand^ over ' 

tlw dull : ' ii,and in ibeiou««of aaQD 




addressing a father of whose love he vox sure, 
uKkmlablee»ii]g-onthefo(}d. Toihow wham 
he knowro bL'aninititi?4] by some! Iiinf" higher 
Ihau uiere curiosity, he talked fr«ely ol rt— 
li^ion : but he never introduced the sulijeict 
hiutHoU*. Xvar^r Ihnn ouybudy known tu the 
writer, he came lo the fulfilment itf the pr^— 
cupl/T&ke no tbouf^fat for thn icorr-iw.' Ho 
bad absoliitticuiiiiduuov tbat, in cu»eof dum), 
the Ijord would proride. A iiinn with wuch 
fwliuR and eucb faith was naturally heedlettv 
of laviiii; bv for thr fut urn, ]Ii« faith never 
wavered; but remained T« the i^nd m frvnli 
an when in 1-S2I he mndo bu 'confe»aiou of 
,iin and profe^ion of faith.' In reidy to a 
quefltion from Lady l^velace, he dvt<cribi>d 
bitnM-lf as belonging to 'a vcn/ small antt 
detptH^l n-ct yf Chrial iaus, kuowu— if known 
at all — oA Saiidemaniaiu : and our hope is 
foundi^l on ibu laitb us it is in Chrifit.' Ho 
made a sfriiTt M-renuw:^ nf bU n-.li|^oii friim 
hia Kcience. Man could not, by reasoning, 
find out I>0(1. He liclioviil tn a ilirert com— 
ronnion between tJod and the human .-niii], 
and those whisperinfr» nnd monitions of the- 
I'ivinitv wcro m hid vi<;w 4)iiiilitatiTely dif- 
ferent from the data of science. 

Faraday wan n tnan of strong emotions' 

He wiw g<!iieroii8, charitable, Bym])aihiBint^ 

with human nulferin^. llis five-pound not**- 

wa« L-vcr n;ady lor llio meritonoue man who 

had liM-n uvertakiii by oalamily. Th» ten- 

deme-w of his nature rendered it difficult tor 

him torefui'" Ihu appeal of dii<lrL>»«. Slill, be 

kn'^w the evil of iniii-tcriininate almjifirinng'^ 

'' uud bad many time^ detected imposture ; ao> 

. that he U!<<ual1y ilisTributt-d bj« giftfi thn>upb 

' somtchsrity orgnnUutiuu wlucli iti«urvd biiiv 

that tlw-y would !*• well be?itowed. 

It has been intimated that in 1841 )ii& 
, beolth complutiOy bn;kt; down. IIisdisirv«K 
' of mind, which was very j,'rcot, wa.-- mainly 
duo to the conviction that his physician* 
did not undmtand hiHConilition. .'N^rapn of 
|iaper covered witli rumarka iu (lencil, eltowii 
til the preA-ut writer, illuslnile Iiik nervous 
prostration ni the timii hen: r«fem;(l lo. Tho 
fnllowinKoutbunt of discontent is a sample: 
'Whcrrn*, aiccording lo tlio declaration of 
lliat tnie man of tlie world Talleyrand, the 
true useoflanguogeiBtocoaceal the thoughts; 
this is tu dwtan.- in tbu prottcnt ioBtaitce, 
whrn I Nuy I am not able to bear much 
talking, it means n'ally, and without any 
mistake, nre(|uiv<x'al ion, ori>b]i<|nemtTaiiin){, 
or implication, or snbterfoge, or ouisfiion, 
that I am not able ; Iwing at pn-MWul rather 
weak in the head, and able to work no 
more.' Some of his best work was, how- 
ever, done aflerwaiilB. On the resigiiat ioa 
of Lord ^N'rattwley, a d>>pulalioD waitod 




Farey 



lot 



•arey 



maa FindMr.nkiiig him tu Mxe»t the jfTK- 
aasntshtpofUiii Royal Society. Hit di-cliiwd 
|])R honour. I^lvr nn he wai> strongly invuml 
to n<!e<^pt the preaidiTicy of thi" Uovtl lusti- 
tuUon; but lo the KTcal di»api>ointtnQnt of 
one of his mool »t«ui1fii*t frii>nilft, whn wan 
then hooomry uecret&rr, the Ute Dr. Iteacv 
Jonw, Ii>' firnily rofiwea thi^ otticu. In fAOl, 
ItR, before oihors, bM<l iioticMl the buUn^ 
strength of hi* braiu, and ho declined In int- 
notw upon it a weight gieater than it could 
Dwr. 

Furaday's inlelWttuI power cannot be 
tramd Ivdefiailv tuitcc«d«:nte ; and it is HtiU 
inoiv (lifScuU I'l wxoiint by inhiritHUPt? fftr 
till! extraordinary delicacy of his cliaracitT. 
On u nif munibli' (xrcKsJon, h frivnd wlu.i Itnrvr 
liiai well df^itcrilMtl him ihiu: ' Nstiuv, not 
«dticslian, made Faraday atron); and refin<*d. 
A fevourifr cxpfrimont of his own was re- 
pretwutativt* of hiiusL-lf. llv lovvcl to show 
lliftT wat«r, in crystolli&in^, oiicludfd nil 
foreign iii^rvdicutH howwur uiliuialvly tUvv 
might Im> taix«d with it. Hut of ocidii, ol- 
hiVit, or valine soliitiona, the crystal cama 
HWKcl. Kiid puT>>. RvtKimi>»iuch natural prii- 
ceaa in thp jlirmation nf thi.* man, Waiity 
luid nobleness cooleeced, to the exclusion of 
uTerythiiig vul^r ond low.' Faradiky difnl 
OD '25 Aug. IBtir, and won burled iu ili^jb- 
gaX^ ocmrtery. 

I ICsp^riuMutal KMi>urchc« iu Elertrleitjr, by 
mi!h»9\ I'amday, D.C.U V.R.A.. 3 vol*., 1S39- 
166-(; RcMtrchM in Clinniatiy and Physics. 
tyMinhurl i-ani.Uy. U.O.L.. I-MLS.. I voUI^n- 
ftou, 16A0 ; IJfe n»cl Jjatlrn. cif l'iinu]K]r, by Dr. 
Boti«i 3uav, i Yol«„ Loudon, IHTO; QuarU'rly 
Jotmal of .Sdenc*; Priife*tiinff« of the Hfiynl 
InMliliitioii; FtiUuBi;|>hi(vil Mnijiutintr ; Furtday 
w a I>)ii<.-oti!r«r, by Jolta Tynd^tll. 1 rol., villi 
pf-Htait.. inns, 187(1,] J. T-u 

FAREY, JOHN (176e-l&W), gftolndM. 
was born ai Wobum in IWfordaliire in 1*0(5. 
At th(f ngf. of Mxt«Htn he wm aont lo Mhool 
ut llnlirax in Vork«liin?, wliciv' he nind-j ih*.- 
007 11 iii Tit unci: of SinMvton.ond ivccived a |»oo<i 
training ia mBihi'iuatirii. In 17^2 iho l>Likv 
of Bedtord appointed Farcy agent for his ox- 
tvuHivL' i.'£lulv« ill UodronLhin!, and 1il> twik 
tip hi« nwith-nci^ at "VVnbnm. 

AfWrthe dealhof his patron Id ISCKtFaivy 
remored to Iximlon, and cntnbliithMl on «x- 
t*n«ive pmrtiD' iu> a consulting HUrreynr and 
gGol<~>gist. He marriL'd early in life, and hnd 
a latm family, of whom his fton John [q. v.^, 
born in 1791,a[tai»i-d vmiiii'Jiceasa civil i.-n- 
oineer. The elder Furey died at hia hou;te 
tu Howlniid Strict, London, in \&iO. Fa- 
rey's profeMion nn'MwititltM] liU \ iititiiig ni<wl 
pans of England, and nkjairHl altt-nlivii cx- 
amiiuttiun of wjild, uuadsix, and roclu. To 



ihiMc tDatr«ra Fari^r applied th« uuw princi* 
ple« of guolugy of WillMm ^inilh, thu * falhitr' 
of Kngluth gimlogy.' Farey ootlect<>d miiie- 
rahi and rocka from all the places ho vbitt^d. 
llr drow up, in addition, tt Inrgn nnmbrr uf 
^etilogical Auctions and mapA, intended to 
illuKlrKte tb« tvlativo position of the «lruliL 
throughout Itritain. Tbed^ hi* d'.^iti^l ra 
publish, but the project woa Cru5trate<l by bis 
dtwth. 

Kan y'fi nio«t important work U hi* ' Surrer 
of I be (,'ounty of U«rby,' ineluding a ' Gent*nu 
\'ii3w of its iVgriculturi^ and Mim-rals,' two 
voIa. &10, madu for tb« IxMrd of agriculture 
and pubUsbed in ISll-iy. lie »)--. , ,,,>ir;. 
bul«(l inauy art iclss lo ' Itees's Eue v 
im-ludiiig iht! ntt-icln on the *t'-:.: .. , 
and aleo fn>()uenily wrol« for the ■ .MuuiUJy 
Jfagaxiii*' and thv'I'hilonophical Mngniiu"*.' 
Altogclli''rFuy^y wrotitdixtyitrienlitii-piiiiera. 
Th« first, 'Ou ibe Mrnsunvtion of TiinVT,* 
njipcarcd in th« 'Philosophical Miignxiiio* 
for Itf04, and the last, ' Un the Vebx-ily of 
Sound and on th<> Encke I'lanot/ in tbi: Aame 
pcrindical for 1824. Th<.- oth-.Tn ure nrim-ipally 
upon gRcilogical nubjivl^ ilk the ' CitMlugy of 
Derbyshire, ' Hejehia ofthi' HUIk of Ittrby- 
■hirf,' &c., with tlio additiun of u iny ujiod 

tDllitic. 

(.MonthU MfiR. 183fl; Royal Soci<nv*e Cat. of 
.S,.-i*aiiUc I'itpera.] W. J. U. 

FAREY, JOHN (irOl-lSfil), civil en- 
giiiCKT, Kun iif .fobii Farey, gt'ologi*! ["l-*''!* 
woa bom at rmnltoth, Surrey, nn HQ Marca 
1791 ond edHcai<:d at Woburn. At the ago 
nf foiirti^^n he comnu-ucftd making drawings 
for the illustrative plaits of ' Itees s ' and ttie 
' IMiuburgh ■ eiicyclopwdias, 'Tilloch'* M*», 
gnsine,* Gregory >*' ^locbanica ' and ' Miv1i»-| 
nicul Dictionary,' x\\tt • i'antalogia,' and luaajTl 
DthtT ifoicntiHc works, ilo odilod »otno et.'\ 
those, ami contributnl lo others. Tht:ni>cu»>j 
*ity of accomplishing drawingswilh iieviiraey J 
in a iLmiti>d tunc \vd him lo invent In I nyi * 
instrument for niiikiiiii ]H!r'|H><:ttve dniwitifj 
fur which lie rx-cived a ailTer medal froc 
thir Socii'l V of Arl.* ( TranfafUnim, xx\li, 71 \ 
and in 151>1 he made a macbim: for dmwi 
•;!liiMes,for which the gold medal of the sai 
society wa» awarded him. In 1810 ho \ 
to Kuwa, wherv he wan engaged a» kj 
•lagineer in thu construction of ironw] 
Tlieru ho Ur^t saw u nicatuHmgiuo ind 
lor; on his return to l^glnnd he riiiiit"vi 
McNniight to luaki' indicators for (T< 
and theuvefonhbi!Wiwconti»iuilly : I 

touDD tbaiiulnunent in disputed caiicwurth*i 
|>i>w«r of 8U)«iiiHMiginve. He rvlinquishcd IiitJ 
pmfeMional engogc-menlA in 1^21 in fovc 
of Ilia brothiT, joeepb Farey, oud cmbarl 



Fargus 



203 



Fargus 



I 



in a li»ca tnanufiwlory in Deronsliire, wbicb, 
howtrTtT, li"^ giTf uji in iHiJS, and in 1025 
Ktik iW enginwruis (iirwUoti uf MB*»r*. 
M<mlitiir» )Ux-milU at lA^yln; ttiiB position 
bo wu obliged lo reUniniisl) in 16'i^ in coti- 
a«quenceof the failure of his brother's linalUi 
UM tliit ni-cic«etty for liis Kturo lo Lonilon, 
where bo nsiiimetl but jirafttsaioa ot Coustilt- 
iag Boginoer, and from ibut timo wua eags^>(l 
is most of ibu iiuvol iiiveatious, im^ortHiit 
Iriii! ; .'.r-d [>«l«nt cases, and Ki«nlific 

int ' of iliL' tKtrtod. t'ltroy juiiied 

lb> I <:> iifl'i^il]-lngin«eni as a mem- 

ber r ved 9evt<r«1 uflictB in Uie coun- 

cil, ■■•:.■ ..•^^.l.y•■ look ffTVsl inlvn-Jtt in iu 
welfare. Hi* n-KidiMice, 117 Great fiuilforJ 
l»tr»rct, KtLueLl .Siuan?, London, was burnt 
tlowii in Ir^tXJ.whun conMdurablc portions of 
hu hbnu-y uud d>jcuni«nis vere injured or 
ddM rojed, 

lib bealtbf Trlttcb bad boon buliitg siuco 
the death of bin -nifi^ now recfirod nn ad- 
ditioaal sbock, and bo dietl uf difvasu of tha 
b«Brt nt thp Common, Svvmiuaks, Kwnl, on 
17 July lf»AJ. 

He wu the BUtltor of ' A Tn<ati9t' on tliu 
St«&m l!l]ipitt.-, IIi«toric*l, frociicAl, and Iiiv 
ncriplivo,' I&27, vol. i., the only part printed. 
llnaliiOiiiDtribiitt^ two pat >lth 1111 thi^'P'orw 
' <if Steam' to ihi) 'Tnuunctiaao of tUi.' iiuti- 
tolitin of Civil Enmneen' (]t>aU), 1. 8a-tH, 
111-1& 

IMlnnlw of ProewJin)^ of latrtitutioD of Civil 
EDgiactfs (l«;S). xi. lOV-3.] O. C. It. 

'ABOUS, FREDKKK'K JOIIX (1&47- 
i1,nr»vr-li«t iiridirrth«iJc»i?inl'Jnyiiifjf]UoH 
<ir,l>iimni Uristoloa2'! iMsc, 1^7, wa« 
«U«4 of tbret' brot ht-rs wbo ircrc t liv chil- 
dwn of FMd«nck r.'liArI<-aFarjj;Uft,B local alio 
lioiioi'r. Tbcir motbt^r, wbuse moidea namif 
was Klimlietb ^lanton, liiiidilurinifthiiir boy- 
hfxid. PM^erick wa.-« a quint, conit'mplativit 
«faild. ilts boyisb passiuii for reading' Dovels 
nAdoluwloajftobc Qssitor. His father, who 
lud flwuil tlial be ibould join him in busi- 
: Itiriaiitk ansented to his wi«h to be 
•■v lii-a Utirteej) youm old. u ■ »( udent 
iiTi ■■ii.ird tbr acbool frigate Convrny, llifin 
autionad on the .Mersey. Ug was uuickly 
advaitrifd from the ltr»l to tbo ■«oonu cbias, 
*nd in J unr I -Hits won priza for geoeral profi- 
"••'•-innitc>!i,auda«troiiomy. Fargus 
• culr-r the royal sary, bur to 
- wa^ oppoMfd, Uie boy Unally 
iliiiiid<>n tbo uiarititno profi-s- 
'jra time at a priraiv rfcliool 
n I ■ ' ml**, nt llie Kgn (J *e\eiit*«en, 

b. I rV.Tir acts Upon 'Jaaon.oribo 

tM M-nl it to William Ito* 

hut- . dnunuliat, thoiic^ngagtHl 




at (hn Urintol Tbea1r«. Hobert^on commia- 
«iODuil Fannia to write a duolofue for bit 
daugbt^r Mar(>arv>t (now Mre, K^indal ) and 
Mr. Fnebrooke, tbf> romedinn ; but the- oom> 
piiny k-ariag Bristol the order iraa cancellMl. 
tin (]iiittiuf; tchool Furi^is was nrltclfd to 
Mctssrs. Wiltiams & Co., a firm of public ac- 
countants, in whose ofboe ha reniBin«d until 
bis falher'ii dvulh, on 14 April 1808, wbL^n bi> 
succeeded to bis faiber'a bu»ine««. He Lad 
written songa while • clerk, many of which 
weresettonusicbydiflareBtoompoeers. Tin 
words were mTen ns ' by Hugh Conway,* a 
luunu tuJien in memorv of hiii old school fri- 

fateon the MKnev. 'l'bi«y wen' colhftod in 
S7i)aa' A Life's fdylU and otlwrFoL-m.1.' In 
tin- wintfir of l^i^l FarRii" rontribiitwl lo a 
collection of tole^i^ntilU'il 'Third'cnutTaljlp' 
bis first story, called ' Tbe Dau^liter of tb« 
Klars.' The * MisorUany ' was the earliMt of 
th« Chh&tnitts aiinualu published at Urietol 
bjr Mr. Arrowsmilb. Fargus contributed lo 
Mllackwuud's Muguzinu' of Dccombvr It^l 
his tole of ' Tbe ticn^t of thi* Stradirariui- ; ' 
in April Ift^2 'The liandaman's Stoty;'Bnd 
in .-Vjiril 188.1 • Ilninttte.' In tim lust>nttiDeil 
year he publiahMi hia mmanra ' f'alli:d Rack,' 
the «ale of which wns steady from tbe first. 
liy lfiMarchlSH-1 thirty thoiimndconift», and 
by L'7 June 18^7 3d2.0U0 had bc«ti sold. Im- 
mediately upon it« appearance it waA trans- 
lated into French, German, Italian, Hwedish, 
Spanish, and l>utch. It was draiuatiand by 
iti> author, ill collaboration with Mr. ComynK 
Curr.aiiii produceilat tb.* I'rini*ji( miw Prince 
of Walffi'fl iThratreia London on^. May 1S8-I, 
wlt«re it nin with grvnt socceH (at nearly two 
hundrtvl nights. A banqoet in honour of 
the auiborwai' given on l:j June IHKl by th)> 
niayiir cif Rri«tiil. The orifrinal agreement as 
to 'Calltxl Rack' 'n-ns IfViV. for an edition 
of ten ihnusnnd, with a small royalty al^er* 
wordit. TliiswaBOAnoollcdbymutualcAnnenC 
on the avtonishtnff auecew of thu book. £11 
Di^Mmbcr 188<t Fugns published ' .My Fint 
Client' in tliv ' ilrii>tuL Times and Mirror,* 
and '.MiM Kivers' Iti^veiigc' in ' CliamUrn'o 
Edinburtth JuunsL' During tbe aame rear 
he- iiniiimtrd n ncrial fiction rsllcd the ' l<ed 
Hill Myster)'' in thn • Yorkuhire Post.' Ite- 
cb rid 1 1- mil 'A Cardinal Sin,' it was after^ 
wanLt n'i^uml at n thri-t'-volum>^ norcl. I n 



April IMH4 he wrote ' I'aul Vargas' in the 

Mav 

Chewfa .\bboi' in ' Obacibers's Kdinburgti 



i^li»b liiti^trati^ Marline,' and in May 



Journal.' In \oveiuber 1884 he puMiAbitl 
' I>arl< I)nys,' whtcli was at oncn translated 
into Welsh, nJi well oa iulo Fivncb and Oei^ 
imin, and dramati-ted. In \SAi a di>zon of 
bin minor tales wtv oollected in 3 Tola,, 
under the titl» of * Round Together.' *'I1m 



•argfns 



i04 



•ancitis 



Sictiwn' niix-anKi in the CbrUlmu aiuaV-f 
of thf ' Ilhdtrtl TimeH and Mirror,' and "A 
I>(»id Man's Facw' to the Ctirisl iniui ntimWr 
of ' Uurp-r's Mad;nzini>/ Early in !»*'» hu ; 
wai> Nuddenly oraered abroad by msua of a 
w*'nkii<w«in the timjr*. Whilein theKlviftra ' 
in tht) aiiriii^ be was allackMl bv lyplioid 
fi^vcr. \\ b«ucanvn)e«ci-iit,hc cniiKtil a cliiH, 
nod diiMl at Monte Carlo ttu \'i May Itft'O. 
Oil lliu l^tli of that monlh bo was buried in 
th* cemeterr at Nice, An epitaph by L'vrd 
Hougbton plan-d over bi«Kfarcd*.-<Tnb«^ liiiu 
B«'A British wrilM of tin ion of gTt-at renown 
and gr»*l«r promiiio, wbo diwl pr«niuturvly.' 
A mvitnoriml labb-t in Iuk honour liaa been 
cnctinl by public nubRCription in Bristol Ca< 
tbedral. 

Until about tn-o ycftre b«fore bia death 
Fargoa bad been enf^t^^ed in biA bnsineM im 
An ftiictionper at Bnstol, -whcr* he -vra* prin- 
cipally known a* a good judjire of art. curio- 
' |ttit'>, rhine. and brir-(\-bm>c,andiLS «ilch wa8 
iplovi'd to viituc! and calaloguv thv Hlrav- 
bi>rry Hil) <x>lltM.'tion. Fatbits narrifid on 
20 Aug. \t*7\ Amy, the vonngest daughter 
of Alderman Spurk, J.P., "f Rriilnl, bv whom 
bp had 1*cnir rbiblivn, three bnys antl n pirL 
SoTeral of his work* sppearwl iK»lliMniou»Iy. 
In the HummiT niiniljiT of thf '(^Irapbic' for 
1885 wa« hit »1ory of 'Carislon's Gift.' In 
Aiwuat bia most promising novel, cnititled 
'A Family Affair, va.* r<;prini«I in 3 vols. 
Ebmi the * Engliib IllnhiraU-d Maf^neinK' 
Another book wait pnblivbcd in October, 
oallwd ' Af. what {'rt»t,' cuiupriitinjt two othCT 
xalea, *TUo Sloryof a Sculptor' tind *Ofti>iial 
Wini'.' Iliit lant ('tinHtniiw annual, calk-d 
'Blinpi and Arrows," appearwd (1885) in 
•Armwsmith'sBristolLibmrk'.' Bc*id(."iitlte«t! 
works Kargim Irft, for piiblimlion onotber 
tbiwivvolume novel cnllttd ' Uving or IX-ad ' 
(I88tl). Ilis latwl pi'H'iimiiitK-f' iiijpi-ttn-d a 
Tear ftftj-rwurd* ns ' Siiiuf^lwidy'f Storj", by 
lluflhConwiiy,' It wb» written inninedftva 
for T l]p ' SlinkiMtix-nivan Show Book.* in aid of 
ibu Cln.'U<'a lliwpiinl for Women, the mnno- 
Hcript of it lieine^ publisbed in fnrsimiU' in 
twcnly-tbrve {ia^('f<i oblong Svi», folhiwed by 
twnnly nddtliotiul pagt^ (Ci^itig the text in 
onltnan.' Ij-pe. 

ri'or wvoral of tba particulate mrntioDnl in 
thia tatanoir iho viiter i» iiidfbtwi to Karfdw** 
widow. NoticM appeared iu the Timoe. lit May 
I88\ p. 13 : Athrnwmn. 23 M»>- IhSi. p. Mi : 
Illit9tnt«d Loadun K»w«. 30 Hay I88S. p. Sf>9, 

firing both p(>nrait and not ire; Annual lU^tor 
or ISSS.p. 161. Sooalw tlie Skcl>rh of tin: Lttr, 
[«f HukIi CoBway, prefixed to thi>l!tfi6i!lurtratBil 
(idiLion of Called Sack. pp. rii-xiii. the fronti- 
•piece to which volnino n un adroiRtbla photo- 
BMpt.] C. K. 



FARICrUS i^d. 1117), abl-il of Abir^ 
don, a nntiv>> of ArRtxo in TuacMiiy, a fikilfafl 
pbyxician, and a man of !«ltiT*, wa« in Kng- 
land in |if7K, wbcn hi' witnni^^d tbe tnu^ 
lalion of the relics of Si. .\ldhelm [q. \-.^, and 
waa cellarer of Malrowbury Abbey when, ia 
1 1 (K), bt- wu vtect4!(l abbot of Abingdon. J]o 
owed lii« election to a viiiion. Thv abbi'y (if 
Abinrdun bad falleii tiilo decay; cloiElvr, 
dormitory, and cbapI«r-kouw were in nuns, 
the hri'thn^n scarcely had bread to eat, tind 
lliL* abbacy naa vacant. A yoiwtf monk hn\ 
a vtKion of thf Virgin, who bade Vuu tell I bo 
prior and convent to elect her diaplaio, tho 
(wHariTof Mulmwbury, aj« thttirabNit. Tboy 
anplipd to ^[^■^l^y I, and received liceu*>' to 
elect Faricius. wbo was either atn'ady, or 
soon afterwards, thf king'-^ phyfiician. Ua 
wfts eoa»ecra(i>d on I Nov. by ltoben,Wh'ip 
of Lincoln, and tb« next year wa.^ rweived 
with much i\;joiciiig by the bretbrwn of bi4 
nt-w hoiL<ie. It ia said that as Arcbbi.Oiop 
Anselm was then in i-xik>, Fariciufr Ui'l \i\* 

itnat'ind «(nfl' on the bigh altar. Ans' 1m. 
iow.-Ti'r, retuniwl to Bngland on 23 S,['i. 
not), and did not leave it Hgain until 1 ILCI, 
ft tlu> ilory no doubt belonjr? to tie p-:rif>d 
of the archbisbop*6 second alKenc». and showa 
that FanciiiK l>elonf;ed to the Rtrict eoclesla*- 
lical i<«riy. llt^was learned andinduslrinu*, 
Cfjurieoua in manners, and eloc|U>-nt, th''i:r:h 
litD fofL'igii lonpue wa« aoin<: diwadvantn^je :o 
biiu ((ir'tn /'../j/.>Vuwi, p. iKil). MoT>*on'r 
be was a man n( ((iiick iindt^rNtaiidin^ and 
neat ability, and vi^-iui in ull |Miiila to hiiv« 
Df*n a pood pppcimen of the !cieiilifif rhurcb- 
man ol soucbem Kurope, Tl»? nottoratioD of 
tbe conventual buildings was his first carri 
and In* funbfir rebailt a larye pari of thtf 
cbumb. probably tbewhidp of the eastern !-n J, 
the tran*ept^. and tlic wtntrnl tower, pi i 
ilia new boildin;; to tho south of St. . i -i ■ '- 
woWn church ((."'AnwiKvw dt- A/'infftfon,ii.2i»i; 
Lei-IXD, Itineraiy, ii. 13). He enriched tbu 
abbey by obtaitiin^ grants of land an<i by 
coelly Rifte of vanoua kind^, earned =^vMml 
bi^ikx, liol b of divinity and medicine. l<i hv 
copiwl for the libnrr, was libt-ral and ki ntl to 
the roonk*. and rniUHd their noinb.-r fnitn 
twfniyi;ielit to eighty. The payuieti<t> be 
re>?eiTed tor bis work »■ a physician .ivO'-' 
him tn do all tbiiP, tor many of lb- 
tKTWMi* in the kinffdom Mmybt hi" 
Wbeii Queen Matilda wa« ex|'-'Olin|r hertt: 
child the king sent her to stay in the 
int-dia|i> neigh bourhoo^l of Abini^ilon, 
planed her under thrt care of Fjridn:- 
■mother Italian phv^ticiaii named ' < 
Oritoaldi.his intimate friend. '1' i 
tererted tin- nHi%-n in ihf mlMiildiiij^ i*f 
eburcli,uidobl6iDedthrougbherintt*.r 



Farindon 



aos 



Farindon 



It tram tfaa Vine nf tlia ielfliid of An- a fellow in 1617, and frmduale') M.A. r>n 
»y«nd all thitljiiililinpo upon ii. Amither 28 Mnrrli 1620, Lnt«'r iu tht same year he 
tCrvn whifh he reonivpi:! for nit^niling fieof- jnmi:-!^! wirh tiftv-twrt nthi>r tiiiwii-rji <if iirt». 
frey, bon of Aubrwy do \'eiv, wte llii' {wn<h I incttidinK iJlit-ldon and Ueylyn, in a poiittw) 
rbi'ircli of Ki'iwinptnii nUmg wiili rt^rtain to IViili-aitx, the Ticu<e)tanci-))<.ir,uking Ittni 
Undi) lliero. Whf-u.ifu-r ih« ee« of Center- j they Mionld not be comiidlvd 'w M llVt- 
bury IiimI remsinifcl vaciint for Hve VKan, bovs, bareheaded, in tbv convocation hotutc!.* 
Urorvlii'ld a cJUiK-il W Windiior oniifi Ai'ril Tlie ptlilion wiis ^nU-<I on iJO Dc-c. On 
111 J III order to fixoii asucreMor to Anaelm, 17!)»'c- lll:ii1he|rm<liiati^I B.I). [n<t<in,wbo 
If ^113 anxious to procnrit the election of iras admitted ue a )^nUeniaii-commoit>T i>f 
Fnriciiu, in whutn Eiu vlnct'd entiiv confl- TriuilyC'tillei^' lu 1020, was put undfir disci- 
di-tii-<», and (he monka of (rbriat CliunTh, who yVuu^ i>y I'arinilnn fcr .■uiiin- m-t of inmilM^rdi- 
w«n* <uinnion<>d to the couucil. wen* Li^hlv nnlion.und the intoris said to have ivmsrUml 
plfyuu-il lit thi- prwjpi^I (K.ii)MrR). 'lilt! 1*111- thnt Irrtnti ' WLudd jmno cither the be*t or 
RtLgan hishope, however, opposed the ^humv, Ui« wurst iujil runient that over thie I(inf;dome 
fortheyw-ereufrMid that Fnnciiwiw an Italian bred' {Ll,Olfl>). 

knd a Btrlct rhurrhinan would involve the ' In LBS4 Farindon wiu nnMintcd by John 
clinreh in fri^h dispiitefi. Thi« foelinjr was ' HancrofV, U.D, fn. v.], liiMiop of Uxrord, lo 
not crprw«ed openly, hm th.-Bi(iho|»of l.in- the vicarage of Hray, Berkshire, worth I'Ml. 
cola and :;$ali!>bury iith'sed that it would be a yimr; nnd in 10^38, throuKh clie interest 
un»i-enily thnt a phy«icLan who attended of'l^ond, he obtained in atldition (h« ihimI 
WTUovn fhuuld be inude urchhivhop. The of divinity Iccturvr in the Cbnpel It'iyal at 
kinK gav>- up the point, and ItAl^ih, bishop : Windsor. Ht-n! he ai^^uircd the friendiihip 
of Rochester, waa elected. Tlie hii«ti>rian of of .John Uahs of KXna. 



Abingdon nwinn to have bi'^ti inintAki'n in 
ting that, FnriciU3 was elerteil to the 
!ibi»ht>pnc. Fariciu^ died at Abingdan 



Of both th(»e pwfermijnts he was dispos- 
tenfu^d ihirinf^ the i^ivil war. [t Li MJd that 
Iivton, imiaeiiiutely aller the b&cond battle 



l23Feb. lllfiCrAfv.w. (/<*.^W«-;rf</n.ii.2nO>, 'ofNcwburr(27 0cu HM4),qiiartcred himself 



Of, more correctly, 1117 ((A. p. 15**; A.-S. 
(^nm.) On thel'ndof that month, il i»said, 
Iu.' M\ McV after eating aooiQ food prepared 
by on« oftlM* brethren, and at once declan^d 
tHat ho itliould die. He wrotu a ' Life of St. 
Aldliflm,' which in crilieined l>y William of 
Malmefihurv in his ' Ufe ' of the siunl. Mm 
work iBwitlwut douht tlw^anonvmou" 'Lift* 



on Farindon, and plundered hi* vicarafv out 
uf revon^ for thecoIlege^TicVanee. Farin- 
don apptmrB to hare bi^en ituptiD'edi.'d by <me 
llriee, afierwardaof Henley, lt»fMnJ«hin', oud 
llrice, in 16^10, by Ilezekiiih Woiidwnrd, an 
independent, in fnvinir with Cnnnwell. What 
herame of Farindon hetwwn ItWI and 1647 
does not appear, lie Beems to have left his 



in I be ointflmporary Cotton M.■^. Faustina. | wif« nnd ciiildren in the parish of Kray : the 



B. iv., whieh is printed in the Holhindixls' 
'Acta SS.' Mfiy x'l. f>4, and by Dr. CiiIm in hii 
•dillnn of Aldbelni's works. He is also wtid 
to hnvu written letters and a work provini; 
tlial infantit drtnE without baptlam cwinot 
be oarird (IUlb; Tastek). His anniversary 



k-^ fifths, which were to go to thrar mnin- 
Tenance, were withheld by Woodward, and 
the familr wvre ' rwnly to rfarvc." Hale;), 
tliough himaelf in si raits, and obltgi>d to hvLL 
part of hij librarv, aMist^d them with con- 
siderubl« suidf. In 1(U7, through the indu- 



va» kept with much solemnity at Abingdon, ence of Sir John Itohinsou, a KiiixniHTi of 



and ill one placr in the ' De Obiydienttariia 
Abb«ndofui6 he ia styled aaint. 

fChron. •!« AUn^^on, it. poanm (RoIUi^or.); 
William of Malnesbnry, OeMa PontiAt-ani, pp. 
ni, ltl3,SilO-3: Kadmor'MllUtorui SoroniiB.tib. 
T. »l. 489i L>laiid« Ilinnrarr. i>d. ITll.ii. U.j 

w. n. 

FABT>n)ON. ANTHONY (1508 16&S), 

T' ■«.; vriit bom ol Sounini:, Il-jrk- 



Laud, Farindon was chu««n minister of St. 
Mary Mo^laleiut, MilkSltni'l. Hmnston »nvn 
that 'in a short litne the ronirregniion .-to in- 
cn»*wl that il w^a* very diffietilt to cet. s 
pUcfl.' Thrt Milk Street chureh vaa knonii 
aji 'the scholars* chnrch,' and Farindon had 
Hammond and 8andenton among hif auditors. 
He complied with the existing n'jitrictions 
by not iL*ing the Book of Coniinou l*myer, 
but lhii>did ni>t»av<^hiia fnjm thceflecl of the 
ri"h irgiwIerreconUthi-haplii'm har*h tuea*ureis which pursm-d t}it'KiN|iiwtercd 



.1 ■ . , 

on ^4 [h'^. ]r>U>^ <if * .\ntony Farndoii.son of 
Thotnaa Fantd'in.' Tho name in aImi fmlli-*] 
FarinfCdon, Farringdon, Taringion, anil Fnr- 
lingtoa. He wuABiJinitt<><l a scholar ofTrinitT 
Oillegf. titfon), on II .)un•^ |ltl'.>. Ilrgra'- 
diut«d B.A. oa -26 June IQ16, wa» admiliud 



clergy. Ife la i>aid lo haTe been tumi^l nilt 
of hi» lyindonchargwinKt/il or HJTtlf.but this 
ia itinonAistent with the date (I:; IVc. It^M) 
of his fiint'ial sermon for Sir George Whit- 
moTv. It may he gathered frnm Walker's 
stateoHmta that be lield his puuLion till the 



FariridoiT 

UliinR cfTcet <l Jan. KWiC) of Cramwoir* 
ilei^knition (24 Nor. KJAT.), which fDrba<le 
Bcqui^atcrcd clerpy to prf?ach in public. On 
th« two Sunday* prvcwImK ki» ilfimrtitm n 
elericaJ friend 'pTf!ach<>d for him, whfta the 
parUbioinen mstW callwl tons at Ibe church 
doors, And ^ro^ntoil him irith 40(1/, 

Ue r«liiriie<jtu ihe country, and wns in 
tltft daily luibit of paying; a vi«it to IIaIw, 
tlifin reduced to a ' tOL«n lodf^nj;' at GtoOf 
wh«n) in Mny !i« <iied. Od Warning his 
friend's circunutAiiops, Forindon Mtd : * I have 
at pnM'nt moni.-y tocomiaand. and U>-uiurrow 
will pAy you fitty poiind.4 in part of the many 
>uou X aud uiy poor wifd uaro reoeirgd of 
you in ouripvat necenitii-j, and will pay you 
nwru, suddenly, as you shall waat il.' IlalN, 
tbongli nearly at his In^t Hiiillinfrof rcuidy 
mone7,refu«eatotakRawnnyfrninraruidoa. 
It was toFarindoa thatIIale«garedirectioiu 
ibr hin simple funi^ral. 

Farindnn died in the country on 9 Oct. 
1058; it is not certain whether he bad beeo 
allowed to muuie lii« London miniMrv; hu 
waaburiad at the church in Milk Street. Hln 
will, whitrli isdatud 60i;l.,iiienlioiui hie Bona 
Anlhiiriy and ('hnrlv)>, aitd four dau^'hli-re. 

Fnrindon'n reputation re^i upon a bundriyi 
td tbirtv BiTmwnd, of which thirty-one were 
iMi.^K-d by himof-lf, in n voliiRit; diHlicAtvd , 
to Robinson, his patron, tlif> reniniiider by 
his executors, John Millin^'ton and John i 
Pownev (sou ofan old servant of llalea). At ' 
the university be had bt'cu ' u noted praitchor* 
(Walkkr), and hw disoouraoa, though oiom 
nmarkablo for force of style than [K>li«)i of 
matiner, will alw&>-s he valued ft/r ihi-ir \rmsp 
oflaaniing and atrength of thought, iacknun | 
ven- happily sayaorFanDdan*su.ee of andcnt | 
autoon, that bu 'employs tbi'in only as hia . 
»t*rvantA, not lUt hifi tnasrunt.' Hiit bruadlh \ 
of lreut.iut.>nt showH the tnlluenoe of Halce, 
and without llillplt^Hp^nll^t to hin orthodoxy , 
he may be ranked with the nore camions of 
the latitmlc mt-n. 

Hi* workrt an* : 1. ' XXX. Sermons,' Ac, 
10o7, iol. (some copies are dated hdcxlvii., 
the Britiah Miurum copy has hdclvti. ; the 
dodicatioD i» dated 'M April 1057; in reality 
thera are thirty -one scnoons). 2, ' Forty 
Sermona,' &c. 1*^0^. (vl (■.xlitvd by Anlbony 
Scatlergood for the exct^ulonk). Thi'*f! two 
Toluoioa were reprinted in lii~2, foL : but the 
reprint diflen both in number of ■wrnwuH 
(uivingeightadflitional)and in thnir arrange- 
ment. 8. 'Fifty Sermons,' S:c. 1*)74, fol. 
(Jackaon thinks lh« Mnnon on IV li. \'i not 
genuim.*). There is a complete edition of 
Uie sermons, 1649, 8to, 4 toIs. 

Kaiin<lun at tbe time of bis death wne 
collecting materials fora life of Hales. These 



'armgcJon 

papers were sent by lliIlinirton.h'uex»*ut 
to Ixank Wnllon, who placed ibeni at tl 
dieposal of WiDiAm Fiilnun [q. v.] Tb 
paper contaiuiuif Furindoa's aceoiuit of bil 
iHMt \'uiu to llah;s (quoted above) came 
Fulman'i dL-at b into the luuida of Arehdcar 
Daviea of Sanj)«rtou, Glourentt^nb'ire, wha 
oumuunicatHJ it to WulkiT. Chalmen, in 
bis life of ilalt>H, made Minir um* of Farindnn a 
matoriaU, as dip>aled by I-'iilmau. 

[Wood's Alb«Bte Osan. (filin'f. ill. i&7 (aW 
i)iid*r ■ Woodward ' and ' IretOD '); Fwll. I. S64, 
Sn. ii'i : tjovd's Qlemoirm, 167S. p. A4n ; 
Waikw's SuftVri'nKP, 1711. ii. !»1.9B. 240; C(iaI. 
tnnria <i*n. fSiog, Di.-t., 16M, x<rii. 41 (art. 
' Halo* ') : Lih, by T. Jackson, preAxsd Co IMft 
edition of the Karmoai ; aQtobiogmpbT of Sir 
John Ilninatuu in Kci^Inauislic. (Vu-tH-r IS63, as 
(|iiot<-tl by .'^lvuu;btoD, Cliurcfa of tb: Comnwo- 
vcalth. IDG;, pp-S^P, 30(1; estra«t f^klD lup- 
tismiilrugixtcrrof Siinoin^, pnr Arclidotcoa Pott.) 

A. O. 

FARINaDON {aliiu Cook), HllOK \d. 
lo^>, was BubcLamberlain. of the Denedic- 
line libber of Readiog at tbc- dejith of Abbot 
Thomas Worcester in July I't'M, and wtm 
electird to supply ibe vamncr. The eWtion 
vat ooiiilnnpil on 26 8ei>t., and a few dayi 
afler lifnry Vlll viditi-"! th« newly «lrct>ij 
abbot and was hospitably entertninf>d. Ha 
WHS prolMbly of obvcitre birth, and a nait« 
of Faringdwi, Berkshire, lit- wa* 1 ^-a.i,. 
a friend of Arthur Plantaffenet, Iqp I 
nntiiral son of Ivlwurrl IV, and r-- ij 

stvpsQD, James Ba«set, to be educated in t hi 
nbln-y school uudorhueve. His relations wit] 
iLc liing, a» fiir as rocortled, worn of i hr usvu 
courteoua character for a man in bis piMitioi 
Nuw-VMr's gif^ wen> )!5i:ban|jt?d. and vhe 
the king waa huutinff lu ib'j nL'ii;hb<jurbo(] 
tho abbot sent bim presents of tiiib (Kvnnr 
trout probably) auu buniiiiK kairee: 
while the king waa searching fviTj-whtirp ii 
Kngland and on the eontinont for nutboriliea 
to ituppnrt his riews on matrimonial law^l 
Fiiriui^iui sent him a calaliigui'nf ibe abbfyJ 
libmr>-, and 3ubse(|iieiitly the books which tit 
thoiiAr wonld servo bis piirpOM. He totil 
his share of Ibe public work especied of i^ 
mitred abbot, lie aar in parlistnent fmnk] 
I62:)ty l.'53», and in the foruii-r year was oni 
of the triers of petiliom from liascony an^ 
ihv wirts Iwvonu the sea. He ws^ vn-fy 
also m the Ejoiu* of Iioalo nt thi- ; 
tJifl act for iho flm)pr^>aiion of tli 
mmuixterii's in lfi39. InXovf^mWr l">-'y 
attended eonvncalinn penionnlly ami not ' 
proxy, OS was usoal at that time. In thi 
following summer he appondi-d his al, 
I tire, with other spiritual and temporal Ion: 
to the letter to the pojw poiutiug out tbi 



Faringdon 



»o7 



» 



upon 



I 

\\ !. 

Tvv .■: 

At.> ■ . 



^ 



J,T to result from delaying tW ili- 
irvd \>y lb'- Kin^. kiiil nfTftin in 
■i^«d the srricleK of faith pnssmi 
]nr «mvamtinn ■( th<> Icing's dcxLi^-, whwh 
T ■ i:owlwlpt Uu* roTftl Mipresiiicy. 
bf^ wo.* jif>tici> of ton ptTftCC', 
I, in ia:^, oDi' of t}it' comtBlsdoaers 
^ ' Uj tMkn «t'»ck of nil llin cmi in 
-KOi siArkii and i>m TbAt it wa» put 
ttiT- market, ihe warciiy which wm 
•vtioiwlj Mt- thai ymr Winfi )iiin|)o«e(l to be 
daetoforwunis^,ntifralii)^,aiul <uifn)B§in^. 
On niniiift* ('nunnvll oimintr into powiT, 
Far .);>• other ahbou, thou^C it ad- 

TU" _ ^ I ■! h« favour, and. according to 

k oominuo pnctJOBr paid him nn annual pen> 
aiaD of lirtniy naru. In l-'>^I-'> th» abbot, it 
i» - i'.-d to have r*'sipi«^ in fiivour 

oft '[' Li<omtiLatpr, a collof HondiiiiT. 

bur . .1. ' ills intcniJoo in cfulMijiteoceof 
ill- :i 1 ■.. '!' thi" e^TiUute of abatmtaut of 
iLt;H-n VIII, c. 17). 
n ;l;i- i'^mmiiwionen to take tlie «ar- 
' r 'i<? njoiiaiieries mit«d lUading 
.- rvporicd favourably of the 
<wilin;DW> ID confomi. bal the nut- 
r<; I- "l' tkf" abbey does not happen tn b<- 
nSiaoi. and it ii^ not thenfon known wheihor 
f anagiloo nignrd it. In 1639 Fariugdoawas 
iadicted of lufrh treason, being' sujnHMMl to 
llSTVaaaisttd tlw DoTtbi>m n-Wl" with tnon^, 
moA WW exeeatMl at Ib-adini; on H Nor. 

Thu cbnnudcr Ilnll calls flini ' a «tub)iom 
monk and niti^rly wilhniit laiminp.'hui Thi» 
may \tf prvjudico. Bpiwnc Willis rufers to 
bt* I<'lt«?r*iD thi- ' Jtcgisterof fh»'Vnivt™ty 
of Oxford.* which, buwevcr. w«n>not nece*- 
aarily compoaMl by him. 'llie spMumenK of 
Ilia DomspondcnrL' |imM5mrd in iho Public 
Becord Utuci* an' but rh'^rt and in Eti|ili>ili. 
11« waa at all '•vitntA » jutron of leamiug. 
Leooartl C'li, th<> ma«>trr of Reading ^ru»- 
nar orh/M)!, ulmtit 15^4 drdimtr-d a hook on 
rhf!tArir to him a.' to nnr who ' hath« allik'ayee 
t«Rd4>rlv farnrpH llii- pmfyt*' iif yonse- stu- 
^ntaa.' Funhi-r, the ''.v rirr-mton of a oor- 
Mfpondriit of L-^nl LUli^t that the abbot 
'miUMmuch of James BuMDtand plt^tti him 
•oki* luanuL^ bnih in Lalin and French,' 
doM not toar«y the impfre&sion that ho coo- 
■idiwd iIm abbot illiti-ntc. 

rCaLMai* Papcn. Ilan. VIII. toIk. t(L ir. r. rt. 

irii.Titi.ii i n*n'«Chn.(ii<'lo.r. 437 ft; Wriothw 
Irj'i Chfunid*. i. Uti, l<)D: niow. p. 670; 
Ilf*WTi* WiHl»« M.t- i MO^^i, i. |f!| ; Itornii'* 
|Uf'.m.>it>',n. i. a, SRD, »tl, 417. 

tJ». Aec. ii. :■ :s, iii. iK: Lvonanl 

Cn\u't \iU orCrafi*-Qf Rhfthoryk*; Stiyp«'s 
fieri. .H«Ri- I. i. 31 1 . Man* lUdarv of Kntding. 

J. il3. BpUt. Ticwrnic, cilfiil.'SO*; l»rd»' 
MRiabi,LnDtn.At^l3A, Dtigdalo'cMaaaitiMin, 




ir, 82; Wri^ht'i Suiipraasiua of Ifaa MotMHtoriea 
I (CaiDctcn Soc ), p. S28 ; Minut* Books of Sur- 
rryon of Lnnd-AagmintatwD Ofliw. SI3, B. fT. 7. 
H. CoatrolincKr Roll, 31 Iftrn. VIIJ. Midi, lorn. 
No. 28 d. P.R.O.) C. T. M. 

FAKINOTON, GFX>RaE (17r.2-i7S8), 

nrtift, bnm at I<ei^h in T..aDraRhirp, hiA b«p> 

ti>im beinj;; nscorded on 10 Not. 17M, wa» 

fourth aon of (hr R4>y. Wiltiani Fariojrton, 

vicar of that place, afterwards rector of Wnr- 

nn|{tan. He ws? for many yean a ttudeiit 

of the Royal .Vcadomy, nod obtainod thg 

iiilver medal in 1779, and in ]7tW hi' won 

the gold medal for th* beat hlatoriral picture, 

th« ■ubject bviuif ' The Caldron Scene from 

!ilacbeui/ Be had in his early atudiaabiwn 

guided by litf bruiher J'Hwph [q> v.], the land- 

acape-paintfT, but hi* prKfemnce being d^ 

cidedly for bifitorical subjecis be b«cuift ft 

pupil of Wmt. Alderman Boydell gkVt him 

many cotnmU«ionfi,ajid for him ha nad« mto- 

I rat excellent drawiufa from the Uougblon 

I eoDectioo. In 17S3 h« went to India, pract)»- 

' ing lu» art with great ftuceeae. Wlienmnkinf 

' studies for a gnnd picture of the i^ourt m 

! the nabob of Koonhedabtd, be eontraeti>d a 

severe illneM, and died at that pine; a fi.>w 

djiya lat«r in 178^ 

[PilkinKtca'a Diet, of I'ttiatna ; Leigb tqtJS- 
ton, kindly exannuiBd I>t KtT. i. H. Slaaninc.] 

A.N. 

FARINOTON. JOHN 06(»-l610), 

Franciscan. [.Se« Wooi»cocj[.] 

PABLNOTON, JOSEPH (1747-1831), 
]and>ca[i^paintt^r, »<)n of the Rev. William 
Farington, rirar of I^i^h and rector of Wap- 
riniftou, was b>.>niat Leigh in Lancafibjre cm 
21 Nov. 1 747. Ill- btf amr a pupil 'if Richard 
Wtlfiim in 1703, and, Uke hia brother Q^orgi* 
[rj. v.], sained aewml premiums at ibv So- 
riety of Aria. At the age of Iwmly-one h« 
join*d the Incfirpnmled Society of Art i.*i!>,and 
wa*i admitli^d » iit udent of ihr tloyol .\cftdemy 
at its formation iu ITHS. Hv wu vK-ctM an 
aii#octal^ of tli« Academy in 1783 and full 
memb«r in 17t*^i, and in luter years luuk an 
active and inHuential part in the ir»veninH<nt 
of that iiiittiiution. In rvciffniiiou of hia 
ahare in pmmntinu »iun« finam-iitl njfiirms 
at tbtt Acadvmv the council rated tiOl. tor n 
pwce of plain li>r him. 

Rf>dgra%-e aaya that 'in hi« landwaprshc 
has not shown much poetry or grandeur: 
his comiH-Aiiliim is |>oori his colouriuf; ia 
better, aften pow c e n ing power and britlianoe; 
his pebcillinir i* frt« and firm, but with a 
tetMumcy I'l harvlneaa.* n« if> Iwvt kiiown 
hv two colh-clioiM of engravwl ri'w-s <>f the 
English lakes, one containing twenty plntM* 



tiki 



Parish 



3o8 



Farley 



ItubUihed in 1789; Ibo othi^ rorty-tltr«« 
^M^ iMued in 1616, tritli (le%nptiou» Ify 
T.MsTtWRllIIorne. H»pulili&)ieUaUo'\'iews 
of Cilios iifid TowiiH in Kiigluiitl wvl WuIvj* ' 
(W, BTrm'", \7W, foli(t>; al»n sevi-uty-sin 
plues illiiBtrwiiip a ' Tlintoty of tlio ftiver 
Thsmoc,' 1704; iMsv^rnl jilatrv in ' FritanniA 
l>epirtA,' It'Ofl; heeidpfl other bnnk itiiistm- 
tioiis, Up wrotu a ni<;nioir of Sir Josliiia 
RevnoldHfor thntif^h f^lrionof t)i«t miutfr'ii 
•I.iii-rarv Wnrks,' 1819. This mcinoir was 
Conijtilwi, nccordinc to ljMlii> ami Taylor 
{Ltfi- of IlnpKl^*, fS6r»), with th« olijoct of 
■liovriuK titnt Sir Joshiu wu not 'driven 
from the AcndMny.' 

Ill' mnrrit-JSusuii, (laiipliUTofPri'bi'ndarr 
HnmnriU of York, but Irft no iiwiic. I \c di&i 
nt Ilia bmlhtTB Luiih!, Purr's Woix], Didfibury, 
tit-ar MRnr!ii--«t <'r, iin 30 Yi'v. l^'"^!, in ninni-- 
unenco of a fall. Thert^ \» a imrtniit of bim 
mDancc'V'ColWtionof I'nriMil*,' 1K(«-I-1, 
ami another by ^teye^ aft-^r Sir T. Ijairrcncw. 

[RcJEravfl* Dirt, of Artii.iB, 1878, p. M9 ; 
Sunill>y's Ili«t. nf Lho Roja) Academy, IK53, 
k. 194 : KqowWh Ptvwli, i. 239; Fixtrr'n I.»n- 
catbiiv Pc-digreM; Geut. Mar. 19'22. i. OJ; 
Jnpp'M Hoeitrty of .\rtiBta of Oreat Britain. 1H7I, 
p. 19.] CW. 3. 

FAIII3H, WI r J.I AM ( 1 7riO-|837 ), Jack- 
enitian profe.<»or at Ciimbridpe, bom in I7S0. 
■wna tb<* ton of n c!i-rKj'tn»n iit Curlifb.'. lln 
TTAA i^dnrat^d in llieCArlisl.icTaiMinarftfbooI, 
And enterud an a »ix&r nf Maifdnleiip C'olIi?iit>, 
Cambridg''. He pmctimffl Jt.A. in 177W, 
being senior n'rantrU'r and first SaiitL'spHz!- 
tnaii: wns c^U^ttd fcllnwaiid iippi^ialed tutor 
of lii«Pt'lU'ge, and ouiiueiict^l M.A. in 1781. 
In I '94 he wBscliuiwn prtifevsurof chHuiiHtrr, 
and in his ItM^Turoq he wait tLe^' first to intro- 
diiRv tbi' appliual ion of ibar ruivtira- lo the 
nria and mnnufnctur*'*, and to poiubint* with 
itB eludythe prnctiml ndjiinctB of mochonici 
niid ««(|irifnnp. In ISOO hi- wan i-iillnl<-il 
to the cliurrb of Si, Clib'^, Cnnibridgi^. Ht> 
Vr>Hm<? .TfU'kwiniaii profMsnor (if natuntl and 
eKpT>riin<intalj[ihil(ii40|ihy inl8l3,in5iiccp«sioti 
to the \\mv. Francis .lobn HtiIc Wolli^ston. 
In 1830 ho took rhc dcfn^of B.D., nnd in 
IBSUhevasinMitutt^ltothoroctoryof Littlv 
Stonbam, Snlfolk. wbcro be died nti 12 Jan. 
1837. 

HtB only jiiiblical ionit an': 1. * A Plan i>f 
• Coune of Irt>cturcs on Ann and Manufac- 
tnres, n)or<> pnrlicularly such a; nclato to 
Ohc-inisiry,' Cainbridfr^, 179tt. Hvf>,ftrd a^in 
1803 and'lSil. -2. ' Repon of t bo Formation 
of ihf' Cambridgs Auxiliary Biblo Socioty,' 
1812. 

[Addit MR. l9ie7.f.242*:0«ot.WaB. wnwr. 
vti. 4}3 ; Wau** VtU. Brit.; Cot. of PriuLfd Books 



in BrH. Man. : Gmdnalt rantabr. (1873). pp- \M 
490. 49S : Bio([. Dtrt. of LiriaK Autbon. n. 1 1SJ 

T. C. 

FAELEr.tTlIARLESi l77I-l8o9),aclc 

and dramatiil. wax bom in Ivindon Id 177] 
and ■•ntvm] lli«> thmfriral pnifnuiion at. 
earir age, tnakinf^ hiji appraram-*} as a past 
at Oovent Oard^n, L«>ndoD.in i7t*5. Ilt-wi'iiil 
wait nntni!)t<vd with characters of trr^at^iriirfv' 
raiiienro, and by hia iinpi5rsonation trf l>sric 
in 'Momlet/Trip in th« ' Scliool f<ir SmmlnLJ 
I and tumilar parta man to nolico in th.- \&gi^ 
I timale (trama, but wa^ belter known a» 
tnf^lodramalic performer and a« nil (<Ri(*i<^t 
MaKe-tUBiiatft-r. lla wan the instnictor nf^ 
Jow^pb (irimaldi, to who«e Orson, when 
ho Diad(.< bis first appcamnM in tbc> cha- 
racti-r, in (let. 1800, bfe played Valenlinf. 
He oAainted Thomas Dibuia in the compo-^ 
nitionor'Harloqnin and Mother Ooowi-, 
dnnnl at Covent Garden on 241 Dec If 
in which piece, played ninety-two nifi^iri 
Grimnldi mado liia narai* fnmoua. From IWr 
to IS^H the Covent <JanU>n pantomimes owe 
toiioli of their suceeaa to bia invontiro mind'' 
Dnddi1ii.'^-nlBU|)0rintvnd<-ncv. .Afalheatrical 
maiduTiiiit hi* wax in hi* time without a rival, 
and he waa the originator of the incidml'* 
and tnckn introduci-d into the ^Iramait and 
panlomimcit at ibia hniiiie. TTi.t Sanmiinbacll 
in 'I. "berry and Fair Star,' hi* rjrindofT iq 
' Th'* Milh-r and bi,* Men,' a picofi frr whic^ 
Sir II. U, Bishop wrote chnrming mutip, h 
ItobinHon Criifioe, and bin Timoiir tbeTarlal 
went maai4Tpi(s!«» of mvlodratsatic arting'. 
Jeremy, a fop, in ' I^ive for Ixive,' and I>oi 
Trinhet in tnt- ' JealoiLi Wifi'' wl-i*! aho 
hi* lint (if chanirlttn>. ili> ac-tiii|{ wa» in th4 
I old-faj»hion«l noi-.y roHiiiier, with aiiicb freo-l 
! tnre.a ntyle which, however, then i^uiivd th 
tnfit« i>f till' pnlmno of tho atafm. lie ret! 
from piiblir iife in 1^^-l,and died at hiar 
dencp, -1^ Ampthill Sqnart*, flamiwtvad Kuai 
Ixndon. r>-n 28 Jan. lSii9. 

He waa lho writer of: 1. Air, ^M>i 
choniaes In the pantomime called ' Ravinoi 
and A{mi»i. fr th'.' CagClo of UndenFmrH 
1 797. '2. ' The Magit; Dat, a Christma.^ Pa: 
tomlmo/ 1790, 3, ' Agigraesioi), ur ihv 11 
, mine of YocaUn,' 1805. 4. * Hiirleiiuin 
Mother 3hipton. ,\rran(rod and pruduoui 
by .Mr. Fnrlpy.Mrt26. /l. ' H.-nry IV, Part V 
Arranged by Mr. Farlev, with four addition. 
\ Bconee repTMentine the Coronation in Xh\ 
, Abbl^y,' 1831. He alM wrote many ot! 
pieces which were not printed. 



[Kenrick's Britiih Stauft. July IB18. p. 

tl; Ti 



14^ 



with portrait ; Era. C Fob. I8A0. p. II ; 'time 
8 Feb. 18fi9, p. ii Mmoin of Onmaldi (I84d 
L 21 B, ti. 42 i Gillilaad^ DtOBuCic AUrror^lHOSi 



I 



U.7AS; Ri-miniMTfiiwsofTliifn.ii'illii-Jin 1,1827). 
I. 3te. ii. -118; Vi'mi's Tiii;«tnCikJ CliMrA^'tnn' 
(1S3I). viUi pOTtraiu.] G. C. S. 

FARLEY, JAMKS LEWIS (18SS- 
18Wi), wriU>r on Ensleni nltHirs, only r>on of 
TboioAJi Fark-y «f Mi-i!tran. cmmfy Cmtui, 
*riu bora at i^'ubLin. '-t Si^pt. 182:t. ' Uv w« 
■It^^tiuvii forllie li'K*l ]>rn)fiv«ion, andMudlC^ 
il Tniiity C')lli;f,f. lliMitu-i]lion,liowever, 
w»« f«ri;t ditfct'.il to Turkey and the Eo6t. 
AAmf the conclusion of tlii> OriniMn wnrnncl 
the eitfniuif «f tb- p-in'^ of I'an». in l(i-)'5, ilw 
Ot icinitui Bank wiu"- formed tiirtiti^litlioeflortit 
uf c«rt«iD urt-'al Kuplu)) cApiUilule. TarK-y 
aecv^t)^ lni> |i<>jtl of chirr ajxountanl of lh() 
brk.ncb Kt Bfvmut, which he anisted in §uc- 
c«^HftillyiMtHl)Ii)ihiD){. In I8fi81ip>piibli"hi.'<l 
M work "Til ' The Mh.v<if re« in Pyrin,' wvnily 
dcf«>n\Un|f ihe caiii^e of ihe (!hristiant(. In 
IhOO FftfW wu apnoiniod nccoHnt(Uit-gcn<>- 
ml (if ihc- (iRtv bauK of Turkey nt ConMsn- 
tioMilc. which subvqufMitlv became niLT^rM 
in ttM! ItDpjrial Ottomim 6utik. Froiu tbiij 
titni' f'lntiml 1m wu> a cIom Htudfnt of ibo 
Turkish «tnpii«, and ii:aim<>d a widu know- 
Ivdfiv "f lit pi.'Oph.' KTid riih-n>, »* trrll ni ut 
itA tndc and tinanrial condilion. Farley 
wnitn ill ]iitM aa acooiuit of 'Tb« Dnnwe 
fttid ihn Maiviniirti.' Tb'' f-illftwinj year be 
isstit^ hi* work on ' Tlie Kt'sourcus of Tur^ 
key,' which d<>alt cajwcially wilh the que»- 
lion of thf profitiiblu inviVtinvni of ru]>it«l 
in IbnOttotnan i-inpir^. Tbf writer Hbowud 
that the fxtvneioa of British tradu through- 
(Ml thu Turkish empira wan mainly doe to 
ilw energy and permvprancD of tbe Gnwkn. 
* llankinic in Turkey ' aiipeiuvd tu 1863, and 
'Turkey ; a Sketch of it<i RIbp. PropY>8s. and 
Prtw».'nt Ptisiiion.' in iHtiC. Fart'.-v iawiwl a 
furllHT work tm ' Mo«i>?m Turkt-y ' in l«Ti!, 
which wia follovvd in 18i'> by a brocbum 
on * Tbp Oerlioe of Turkey Financially nod 
Politic«lly.' in which he warned Turkitb 
bondholders ofthoir intpooding daii|;^Tv. Far- 
Ivy hid hiitn on intiniAto p^nonal l<?miAwiih 
Pu«d andA'ali Pu»hiiK,but after iLi'ir fnll \\'j 
•evMMly cond^-raned thf mifiruh- ami oppr*s- 
pion •>! (heir sttcwfeort. la conscK^iioact' of 
the hn*iikifi|r out of Ihr* Ruljipirijin [natuncrr-.H 
in 1S70, Farley public hod bin ' Turiis and 
t'bri'liaiu: n Solution of th" E«tpm Qu*'^ 
liiio,* M-birJi attnij-lM inucli attimlion. Th^ 
authofK.li>.'.>.-. .1 -.-r'oriuB which would eotn- 
bini adii, .luioiioniy for tbo Clirin- 

tiin p'>pii: < I rli ibo mainteiiODceof tbc 
authority ol'llir- ml tan. Some of bia auggiw- 
lion» wrrr ]«■■•->'■! uihui ib.- Pono by lh« 
cn-iil iKtwtr-. ado|it«if. In 

I'iTH FivHi-y p nptivt' andhis- 

lor -atnltti i'^tDl'l. Cvpru*. and 

At.:,.- v.' Od the fonootioD of Lho 



rpw prim- i J 111 I it r of llulgarta in IH^, Im 
joumpyud to Sona in nrd«^r to be prciteTnt at 
the r»c«p(ion of thv newly t<]m:t*_Kl ruler. 
Prince Alexander I. <)n hU n^ium to Bng- 
laod bv published n monograph on xhe nrUi- 



nople on the Dccujun of tbe roynl and im- 
pirial Tisits to the Turkish capital in 1800. 
.\fl foniD rccoffnition of his literary m-i-vicm 
10 thu Uttomau i'liipiiv, hi- was appointed in 
March lt<7U conmil at Ilriittol for fiin imperial 
mujosty thv ^ullon, and ihi§ post he held 
until 1H81. Ht- wmto a m-rii-s of ' I.ett«rB 
on Turkey' to a Brixtnl journal, and madft 
ronaid»nibUi cfrnrl* to d<>vvlop« the trade be- 
j twi»en the port of Bristol and tbo L«TRnt. 
Farley WM a fellow ofthe ^Iali«tt(.-al Socwty 
of London, a corre«pondin2 mcmbf^r of thx 
Innitut Es^^tiiMi (loiindea by Xapolcon 1 
at Abxandria), and a prity ooundlfor in tba 
public works dvparliuvut of Bu^arta. Hia 
tfiv^at knowledj^e of Itul^rian aliairv caused 
him to bo fnM|uentIy relerred to at tbe time 
lh>*nul^rinnqu<-4itiiina|ptnt'M] FuropM. Par- 
Iny dieant Bayawater, London, 12 Nov. 1886. 

fMeu of tha Tbof, llth ed.; TSidm, 2S Not. 
I6M ; Fulay'a ctlw) woHul] G. B. 8. 

FARMER, [See ahio Febmoil] 

PARMER, ANTHONY (It. J087). prwi- 
dent-dcaignate of Msf^dalen Onllege, Oxford, 
born in l^H, woa aon ofJobn Kanrnfr of Frow- 
lesworth, 1<eiK«lairiiire. Jlematnctilatcdat 
St. John'* ColloKe, Cambridge, na apcn^ioner 
U Ai^t. 1073,a«M 14: bacamx' a »cholar of 
Trinitv ColVgwSl April lH7tJ, and proceeded 
n.A, (tfrtl-7. and M.A. 1680. l(-.wa-<Mi«ed 
for bi»rintouii lifoaA a Atndi^nt, and on 1 1 Junw 
l(t7H received a cevere adninnition fnim tbfr 
nof^er of Trinity (■oll'>(rc f'>r creating a di»- 
t urluiice III tbe danciitg-tchool at Cambridge. 
On leaving the college be reeciveil ihf cu»- 
t(>iii«rvl'-stiiuonial,andweolUiCbippfiibani, 
Wiltshire, where hi.* fiitber wa« then liring, 
and taught in the school of s rt-latiro, Ben- 
jntnin Flower, a nonconform )■ I. ininifttT, who 
WOE without a liceofic. Farmer divlored that 
1m) amistvd Klowir while ill for four or lire 
months without pay. (>ii 1.1 Julr IttW Far- 
mor WM ii>corponite<,l M,A, of ^Kford. and' 
in September lfi83 joined Mntfdali-a IIhII. 
There he quarrelled with thL>f'>nowji,Bnd tbr 
principal. Kichnnl Lerott,at«tei| thai hcwiia 
of 'on unp«a<»ablv humour.' Two tutors 
cbargt-d him witbdelibi'ralely lejulinffa gen- 
tleman common«r of the colleife into immoral 
coiir*>-ji in I.nndiin. Fimiltv hi; was indnoed 
to migrate to Mii^dalcaCoUege(13Julyl68&}, 



•armer 



a 10 



Farmer 



Uis uame wffMxa in the li&t of the memhcrji 
of the tdeotifle soeiotf vKUblitdiwl in ilio 
newly i>r«rted imtvcnily laboratorjr in 1682 
(W(>ou, L\fe, od. BUiu, p. '2!i&). /U etrly u 
Jsniinry 10H7 i''iirin(?r ww iTwlilwl with 
bning a ' papUt.' HU friends included Iluni- 
phwy Brpiit of St . John's and Obadtali Walker 
rtf Tnivpraity CollBjTfi, who were »Towed con- 
v«it(> to Itotnan calliuticisiii, aud he wassud 
to bfuiMt th»t. tlimii^rh hi« prvtended agras- 
m^ot with their views li« antieipAtod nre- 
f«nneot. Farmer's life did not grow leu 
riotoiM ae be adv&ncM in age. The porter 
At Ma^al^n College deposed llutL lie ofl«a 
let Famuxr in at late hours and very drunk. 
Early in April l(i87 hv wu* nrjjuriod to Law 
ensa^rtd in a drunken frolic at Abingdon, 
and to havu tluxiwn the tuwn etucks into 
Madman's I'ool. Mi^auwhile a ni'W di.-itiiio 
tioD was in store for him. On J4 March 
]68ft-7 Kvnry Ciitrlic, pn«iiii^nt of MaKiUlt-ti 
Colhve, died, and on 5 April 141^7 .lamoA II 
Mnt£rwnhiBniandat«totLerallegi> directing; 
th« ft'Uowg to elect Fanner to the ^-aeant 
place. This utfriagetneDt of the fellows' 
pririlegea, especially when the charaeler of 
iho kln^a Bomiuco was linown, roiux-^l very 
wxnn rmenlioetic. The visitor, tli<? Ilmliiip 
of "Wincheelcr, wrote thai tbi- appointment 
was diniclly contrary to tlm fitj»tiit.-jt, wt-irig 
that Farmer waa not, and had never br-rn, a 
fellow of the follege. On 9 April tin- felinnit 
|»etiCiotied the kin^ In allow them io<>x<>.rei5<> 
their full rights, and deuoimced l''arm»r w< 
'inniMf-ral ri«pftrrs unenpablr.' On Ifi April 
thetellowseluctedJohQHou^h.andouTMay 
Dr. Aldwortli, lh<! vi(M»-pr«T*id(*nt. drew up a 
lu^t of 'reoaoujia^nBl Mr, Farmer,' in which 
he was declnred to he 'a person of no good 
fiiine,' and 'n etran^ wholly u»AO(|uaintod 
and uuesnerienced in the attain of the col- 
lege.' Tiic«e 'ruuotu' were eiqunded on 
27 Junu 1(V87 into a long liH of «eriouB 
chargea, which wens placed with pmofa before 
the hiu'h court of couiiuission loooling at Ox- 
ford to iniguirvintotheoontamacy of llutfvU 
low3. FannerprepanKlawrittearuply.lJuly, 
denying many of^tbo chaigtw and palliali n^ 
others. On 20 July he wa9 anrntnoned bnfore 
Lord-chaiieellor JelTrey", the presiding coni- 
iniasioner, whodi'ctdt'd that tlii: charges were 
tTUO. Bud thst ' the court looked upon hiin 
oi a very bud man.' On 14 Aug. a royal 
ciAodat« dirvctud ihu fullows to vleci an their 
pmidont Samuel I'arker, bishop of Ox.f(>nL 
nothing further is known of Farmer. 

[Dr. Bloxan'ii Magdaltni Cull, and JMraw II 
(Otl. Hist. Soe.X p. 1} WM« ai>d punin ; Cart- 
VT^ht'a Diary (Camd.Soc); An Im^iaitial Itdla- 
tioD ot t!if> wIiHe Fruaeodinf^ af^iuil St. Unrjr 
aUfdalon CoUwIfiu iu Oxus. in 1 e& 7, 1 tiSS , »e«aIt>o 



OnAuxocK.RooaKTi Fxirtax, HutHt; pAaKaa,] 
8*»nt«..l 9. L. L. 

FARMER, GEOKOE (1732-1779), cap- 
tain in the nary, born in 17^:^,waK»onof John 
Fartncr.oraNurthamptonfihire family si'ttliil 
atYoughalinlraland.aoulUtvrul branch of the 
Feroiore,tbeeaTlBofPomfri'l,i>xtinciin 1^7. 
lie WKnl lo sea at iiu early a^ in the merehant 
Aerrice, aniL aftfrwanU, ent^^ring the now, 
served as a midshipman of the Oroadnought 
with Captiiin Mniihee Suckling [i). v.] io ihe 
West Indifv, and in rho Achilles, on tlic liom'> 
station, with the lion. Sfiroui^l Darrin^tou 

t({. v.] In May I'oO he w&a promoted ro lie 
ieuteujint of the Auron frigate, in which ku 
served till January 1761 on tht- home station. 
He was ttivu plact.-d on half-pay, and settled 
for the time iu Norwich, wiw-rc he had b>wn 
previously employed on the impreea aervicei 
ami wiii^n* he n<iw miirrirxl. In 1 iCti he in said 
to luive given raluable af^iAtance in »uppn.'j)«»j 
ing a dangerous riot there, and to have been 

fromoted to ihn rank of commander in Mny 
768, in consequenco of the n^prt^-uiauutu 
of ihe local magi«trute«, lie hud, however, 
no active employment till Sepu-uihtir ITHQ, 
when he was appointed to the Swift >lunp. 
In her hu went out to the Falkland Islana«, 
where, on hl.t arrival in t lit- rullowing Miirch, 
h» found that the 8jiuniArdjs having Nla- 
bli.-Iipd thfin^elva^Dt at Port iS'didad.had eent 
to Port Egmont, perr'mplorily onlbring ih< 
Kngliiih loiiuit the ttetllemeiit. As tltetu watf 
no English forco t^ rv.»i»t anya^gnMaion. (ho 
senior olHeer, Captain Hunt, determined to 
^ to Bnghind with the news, leaving Farmer 
in commund. A few day« later the Swift 
uuled fvr a cruise round the tHiauds ; hul iu 
a vtulent galcwfta blown over to the coasl uf 
Patagnnia, and iu attempting lo go into i'ort 
Deaire struck on a nek, and wan ultei-ly lo»l. 
The urutr ciKapvd to the shon-, bill. h>>ing eti- 
lirolyde«tituIe Farmer dc^pntclnwl lti«riilt«>r 
to Port Eguiont with ordeni to the only re 
inainingHliip, [III- FiL\-oiirite, lo cometotbei 
f^lief. On 16 April ihtiy urtivbd 8df>-ly a 
Port IvguioDt. On 4 June a Spanish fngul 
anchored in thi< harbour; ahe waa pnwintl; 
followed by fourother».andlheconuuandajai 
wrote to Former that, having with him fou 
. iwn hiindrvd troop« and a iraiii of iirtillert 
I he waa iu a position to com|Kl the Kiiuli^h i 
. quit, if ihey hwutaled auv longer. Vanu 
I replied thut ho iiboiihl defend himix-lf Ui tl 
hjflt of his [Kiwer ; hut n%iitan<--' a^uinni wu 
anoviTwhcIiningfurcecH;!.! 'i' tiPifliiiiL' 
than complimentary, an 
Ihv Spnninrds Iand<.Hl, 1 . 
gun.i, eapiliiliitf-d <•» reriu?. mi .n^trittory 
ihv stores being lakcji, aud the Eughah po 



re-J 



atl 



t4l] 



Farmer 



art 



Farmer 



iiitlKd to f«tiini to their own coimtry in 
Ihe FiiTourito. After niriviTiR in Scpt^mboT, 
l}'*iirmer, on b«iinff a<!(iuit(ed of all blame for 
ftlie loss of tbe tiwiil, wuit appointed to the 
TBinwitloup,iiDil)irt.'w Dioi>t)Mlatvr,Juiiuary 
11771, w»» jironioied to pci-l miik. 

Tn AiitrufiT I77S he was ap]K>int«l lo xhts 

[&Tiiiioni«i friiirttt', anil Hailnil for tlm Ka»l. In- 

diis, hKTing amrmi; his P''t'T offiors Thomivs 

Tmuliridgi-. a miLstcrV mute, and UoniLio 

Nrlvin.H miii-'liijiiiiiiti. I tnri'liirninp (o Knp- 

I litnil nfter nn m»!v>'ni ful r.^iinniMidii, Fnriner 

iiiImI Id March 177^^ to the QiMibw 

1 t-hirtv-two puns, in m-hich he was ' 

.[•■ >.l during the yenr in convoy **rriee [ 

I in tll^ North Scfl. In 1779 hewiwMnlionod . 

Leltiftly at Gui.-rn»<T»8nf{itardfortheCliumt?l 

I I.-iland-4, imd to j^in int^-lUfenec^. It was thus 

[ihaL as oarly n» H Jun'_> m sunt otvt iKv.t 

[ihnl tW Frviirh Ilti-1 tiail oniW from Bn-sl, 

ihnt the rtpaniHh ileet had ^ailM fmm Cadix, 

knd tlinl iner-.' WHrw nt lI«Yre fjrvat pn-iiani- 

ti'KiH f»r nn inxntlinj^ force. On ^ JiiIt he 

[»Tole that ho had driven on sbon- nnd do- i 

(CaivmI b convoy of forty-nint- smull Vi-**i'-l». | 

* iJO-guu frignt«« and auvofal ariii«-d , 

bis; but that ibe (juebt^ b>_-nu.-lf had 

track h-.-iiTily on the rock?, and hi.- had hot-n 

[pblig**"l i'> Ihniw hiH giin» ovi-rhoar<I. Thin 

Bitatt^d hia poinc to Porl*mo;uh for rc- 

,nn(] wbi-n nii.'M wt-r>- finikliiil, a* tbcn^ 

•no K'-poiindr-ivHoT^plape thiiloPT Kims. 

jlin had to liR ciipplif^l with Vk-jxnindt-m, which 

[-TTttn- lakf-n trom onolhcr frigiili^ not ri-«niy 

Ifor sea. With this rwlucwl annainent, nfl' 

fT'BhAiit,onll(_ltf-t.,thflJiielwcrnct the l*ri-nch 

Ift^uundwr frij^K! Hu n-i'iUatiic of 40 gua» 

■Otl neai^r double the niiiiiber nf men. A 

sharp artion on%u^ ; tttfr about tlirn^ hotirs 

and a half bolh Kliiptt wrrc- diHmniHt:^; but 

itbrQupbec'DHoilnfaUinguv^f Iheftunticfiufibt 

Ifiri', and the fri^to vras i^povdily in a blazi-. 

ll'httn* wiu lilili- winil and a K'^'AI i>w(JI ; thir 

|Hiirveillatiif,(-i)iDpki''1ydiMihl(^), wosateotUL' 

llittlr d'.ntarii'*' ; In*' Ti^iniliU-r rutt(>r tv-iu' to 

|l''i''Wan1, nnd alMidiiOnn-^li'd; anil tliv French 

jlt«*r HTpinlition, which bad l»wn on(;H)if-d 

rith ttiflCanibltT. had Koii|Hit safr-lrin tlifrht. 

i'lli" t't h>'lp th>' biiTiiiiijf 

'ini'foiiriirtivr.' hours hli>w 

itofnlwat lU-^thaiwiT-.' 

I iiy by thi' lx«i|.« of thf I 

■ i.- liutnhlfr.anddfaltiiBfliNii 

'.iMoii thi> M.'''ii" ; the ri'nl.in- 

.., n KarniiT, pcrisht'*!. Farmer 

i>n provinuidr wntiiidcd, and hie con- 
ih in thr artinn and during the lin? 
highlv i^|HiI(i-n of thnl. ni (he s|<o(:iaI ' 
It <■'( til, Kiri[-d uf ailiiiinilty, a barrel 
nptcv WR : (in hit) eldwl imjii. ihin 

. Uu of ■■' ' ^i^ara of ag4> ; a p>>niiio» , 



of '2001. H Tpar to hiK widow, Ilcbecca, th« 
danehlOT of Captain William Fli-raiiig of ibA 
roTu n»Ty; aiiu of '2&I. per annum lo each 
of (ifffat cfai!dn-n, and a ninth nut vt<t bom 
(Admiraity Minute, 15 Oct. ] 779), m order, 
a» th« boani wrolu, to ' excite an fmtiUtion 
in other olliiM-r^ to dtatingiush tbeuu^lvea id 
the Hiime maniUT, and render Captain Far- 
miT's fnto nit her to bt> cnried than piiit-d, aa 
it wuiild ^v'j ihctu niasim to hopt* that if 
they .<<boniil \tat- their Iiwh with th« muio 
dcKTw of flTuhhnni trailaiiirv, it wonhl app>>Ar 
to {ioi>t>^rity lliiil thnir aivrictea hod met with 
the- appmbal i>Mi of thnlr mvereign.' Ilia por- 
trait ny Charles GrLgnion i» now in iIh- poa- 
feasion of Mr. Ilcnrj- Taylor of Curzon I'ark, 
CliMtur ( yiitra andQturiet, 7lh aor. iv. 273). 

(Otikial Icltcn and other d/jounipntji in iha 
I'uWiu Kepord Ofl?ee; IVatWti'ii Nut. nnd Mil. 
M-itn. if. aei, and vt. 2-16; Genr. Mug. 1779, 
xlix. 481^ 502; l]lb«niiiiu ^;t. 1779, p OOI ; 
Itiirkn'* IlaroRetAK" ; iDroraiatiori i.-u(giintmii.iUMl 
by Major-gniPMlW. B. Farinar.] S. K. L. 

FARMER, nCGH (17I-»-17«7). indo. 
iwiidciit. ininiatiT nnd lh«vlo):ioul wrilOT, 
V'lungcr son of Williaiu and Mary Famn^r, 
was Ijnni on 20 Jan. Kl-tal iheLxUAiatulnrin 
111 a liitinh't rnlti'd the I«lc. wilhm the |Hiriali 
of St. Chad, Shrtwabiiry. Hiii niothpr vraa 
a diughtcr of lIu(fhO«fii of Krunyi^liidwr, 
Mi'ni>ni'th«bin>, unu of ih'j nmiconforniiAis of 
WA'i'i. Farmer Wiia at Brhoiil at I.lau-.'dryii, 
Aterionetlwhire, and undt-r Charh-* Uw'un, 
1).1>., at WarrinfjtoH. tii 17^1 he enlen^d 
Dnddridf^'a acadi^yat Northampton. IILi 
{wpcT uf rvlieious pxperience, on Hivhinff 
admiui<tn lo the conimiinion in Ihxldndgu^ 
church, haa hi*n pnvfTvcd. To hid tutor'a 

Sin^arhinn and hi* reading nf thu evniions of 
'r«i>]ih Bi:i>'i^t [q, v.] ho attributos hi.* [MTtna- 
iient rvligtou.* iniprpwuiu. On leaving lh« 
a4>adcmy 1 17.!lt> h« hocaniL- asaiiilani lo I'nvid 
Huiiu.' of Marl«-t Jlarb(>rou|.'b (<L May 17:C). 
I'jirly in 1737 be took charirc of a atrtig^ 
glinff cunsu at Wallhiunstow, foundMl hy 
!^aini)i-l sutler, t-JHctwl from St. JaimVa, 
Rury 8t. FMrnunds. \\v n.fin« at first tn 
Itavo lod^'d io I»n<]on. but was i«>x>n (b&- 
twn-n l-T I'Vb. and 11 July) rtceivej into 
the familvof William Sue It, a chancery eoli- 
oiior, an*! grvat fru'nd of l>oddridgi«. !'*ar- 
iiktV ' gfiieral act^pianci*' at cncw litl lo a 
' gffBt incn'tt)""' ' iu tbt.> ron^-r^atimi. In, 
July. THHldridp% who hoi) hnii a^kcd to find 
a tnini»l>T for the indcneud'-nt finj^^piiioii 
at Tauntnn.appliod lo Fanner, who ibrlmed 
the orerlnri'. Hn taplaim that bu wut noC 
CalviuiMiA onough for Tanntrin, ihf libeml 
•d'niont in Ihr cJinniT'Kation havin;( m.Ti'ilMl 
witbTboniiutAiuory,1).l).(t701-1774)|q.v.'] 

P2 



y.'.m^rrw^ 



lAGl 



;3 



Farmer 



SIX 



Farmer 



At WaIthatnsU)w tba most oonsidambk ia- 
seater wu William Cowird (A 1738) [a. r.}, 
a man of benfivotenre aim] wcAllh, -wnn in 
axtrome old ag« developed some occentrici- 
ti«H. l>oddrii%i-, who waa nnsioiut to M-cur<- 
from Cow&nl & bitnL-fuclion for bis icodemy, 
leam«d from Fiirtner that the old mau was 
ooalin^ towardis moduratti ihoolu^Uni>, oiid 
merely civil 1o hitaMHlf, hut hiul i-ii^nifpKl btm 
' U> jin^iicli iVir liim next winter.' This lathe 
kBsis of Kippif's ststeniL'nt that l*'arui(.-r wiu 
Cownni'n rlinplain. Tht-m may Iw ximi; 
foundar.ion for iht> ' pIpaHniit Aioiy ' ihni nn« 
«v«ninf;, when Criiward's hoiire was clo««d, 
recording to ruJt', at aix o'clodt, Farmwwan 
■hut out ; but tlie Btor\', as told by Kippla, 
rv^oircs soiD« ndjustiDFiit. Humphreys I«>ll5 
ii Koomwlutt didi^'iilly. Uolh mako it tbe 
oocaaion of Farmer's introduction to the 
Snelln, but tliis is inconvct. 

In 1740 a new mcciini^-hnnMi vraa built 
for ParmBT on a piece of trraimd given by 
Sn^l. Fannei'aprenchinR drpw n rather di»- 
tJngutitht'd oonpn'jrat ion ; Kitipiji n-mfmbertfi 
•eein^f * between tliiny and forty coacbea' in 
attcndaim^ at the meet iuK*lioii'^' door. He 
eoiirinui^ ro rtutido witli the :*iiulls a* a por- 
maaeot ^lest, nniJ speni tnoat of bis profe*- 
tional inuonui [nuver lai^e) in bookv. In 
17(>9 hi» (runjr"^"''"" relipvt-d him of «uinM 
dmif« by nppfiintin^ m aftymoon preacher 
Sbunimr lut^U'lilfc, who rfimiini-fl hij> tTiI- 
leagne till 1777. Tbotnnfl H'l^htm [q. v.] 
WW invitwl tw »iicc*.H.(I liim, hui tie^Jini'd. 

The finit H.w wbirh Farmer madf> of hia 
leisure was to prepare his lroaii«e on the 
t«mptalion (pn-fan* daU-A 2."i June I7fil). 
Immediatt-ty al\ervrardiibeaecei>tf^ thtj {KMt 
of aftemooti preat-heral Sailers' Ilall, vacated 
by the promotion of Francis Spilehiiry to the 
pMtonil«: thiji wueapreebylf'rian eoii^evit- 
lion, but Fanner n^ver cease<l to be a» inde- 
peadent. Excc'])! that of Jamea Fordycu 
[a. v.] of Monkw)-.ll Street, hi« audilruy w)i» 
toe largeeC af^crni>on congre^tion among 
th»iprB»byteri«nmif l*imdon. In 1762 hewa* 
elected ■ trustee of Dr. Williamit'ti foiinda- 
tions, « r*re honour for an independ^ic ; he 
was also flert^d a trust«e of the C<iwnrd 
trust. About the «UBe timo he wat cb»Hen 
of the prwiehers at the * merchants' lec- 

ru* on 'i'uwdnvnioniiiijff at t^alii-rs'llnll 

Farmer's pulpit power depended upiin the 
mBtruDtiveiifln of hU u.^posiiiona of scrip- 
ttiro, uid the «iO>lb'iic<e and rrwhnen of Iuji 
dalivery. 'XeTernuse a difficulty wrhout 
ImnK ■I'l" to wlvo it ' -KM hie fr^ueni ad- 
lioe t4} ynunfr preachnra. He ecnfim-d Iho 
ndinus of Prieeller's publications. Strongly 
conserratire in his rclitfioufl f^eliiiffs. he was 
keenljrsUve to ilie thorny placts of doctrinal 



rms, and avoided them. Kippis obKrvc* 
' there «a« a enell in his lan^oa^ that. 
lookM iLs if he wm rising to a ^r«At6rdegTe» 
of orthodoxy in expression than some perflom 
mif^ht apprnTe; but it never can^ to tliat 
point.' rUti iiMKit apimmch to a dctinition 
of bis own posttioD it) given in hit) nmm- 
mendat ion, ' Sell all your camnentntara and 
buy 4rrolin».' iltrti hi- H:hoi-4 thv rwinark 
which he had beard in lhH)dnd)^>'i« cla»^ 
roum, but without Doddridge's qualiScntion. n 
Farmpr'^L diugiiiBtlionK hiivp tlii.> merit* of H| 
oonsidemble learning, great aruten<<»ij>, and ^^ 
a plain and vigorous style, lie exercised a 
dociflire influ«ncti on the currcn: of oftinion 
in liberal diieeot. He i< tb« champion of 
the dirinp aovcroignty. both aa cxcIuding^ 
Drom the physical world lheu|>i-nitiunof any 
otherinvisible Agents. and asautboniting tho 
production of * new jiharaomma ' which n»- 
mOY<^ * th« inconv<iinti*nr4-»i of governing hf 
Rxed and general lawB.' Farmer maintains 
that th«> proof of tho divinily of s dnclritu* 
i« till' fart that itH enunciation ham ba'en fol- 
lowed by a miracle. Farmers poaiiious weto 
I eagerly adopted by the rationalising aection 
, of di»9enteiiii ; but in the long run h'n strong 
' assert ions of the fixity of tintural law nver- 
caniu liiH nrgumont for mirack', and bis dt^ 
cipW «>oon denied th« ezistance of invusibtn 
agenii<, whom operatino ha had bamEhc>d 
fruni the ptii-nc>menal world. 
Farmer resigned bid 8undav lecturRship 
' at Salters* Hall in 1772; be dwliverwl tW 
charge at the onlination of Thoma.t Tflvli^ir 
ai Carter I..ane in I77tl, but declined to 
print it ; h^ resigned the mercbanis' iM't 
«hip in 17W. At rh<t Hunutime he roaiiruc 
thepa*lorat«at Wallbanutow.bul continued 
to preach in the morning until a eucct^ssur 
was appointi?d. In 17d:i hi* rccigTiLvl hu 
place on the ('owardirmt, but was r««-electe<l 
Inter. Uis health was failing, and be uauall 
winlt^reil At lliith. lii-oviiwame two nevr 
attacks of stone, but in 17f*o was thr'.>ate 
with Mindni.iMi (hisfnlhi-T had bim blind ftii 
i«ix yi-ars befon* his death). An operntinn 
restored to him the use of his eyes, and hi 
ln«t day)» were devot«J to «t«dy. TI.; dif»i: 
oil 5 Feb- 1787, and was buried in the p«ri«l 
churchyard at WalthamArovr, in tho satu 
grave with hi* friend SiieU. 

No portrait of Farmer was ever talcen 
he is di'soribed m» tall, HjNirc. Jitid dark-co 
pb.ivioiicd, with Hmnll, noar^ighlfsl i-yrii, ui 
a pmminent nose and chin, which gave hi 
a tiutcmrkiT rac«< when he lost his loelb- J 
conver-'nl ion he wa.H brilliant and vivacio' 
Dpi in jisying compliments, and highly ee: 
sitive. lit- ni-Tcr married. His elder br 
thcr, John, a striet Calviuist and a 



p 
p 



acfaolnr, btKuni- (30 th^c. 1730) iL«8tstAut to 
nichjird lU^lin al F<-lIer I^no, and aft^T- 
wanlsf^H MnrcU t7-'!9) ooUt>a^U(> with Kd- 
war<l ll^nllcyal Coygiwhall, EJhm-x ; li*- ptiJf- 
li^«(l It volume of s«nnoiis 1 1700), and ^ue- 
CKcolcal I*riK*lIej- M Nf-ilham Market, Siiflolk 
(17&^). I^tlerlv be bccune <lerui(f(^ ; his 
brother, with wnom he waa not on good 
t^rrmfi. wcrcily provkli-d for Iiis wiint*. 

Kaniiirr puWUhi-d : L'Tlii'DiilyorTlianks- 
ffivinjt,' Sie. ITiti, Svo (a sermon. 9 Oct., on 
tbe vk'Lor^ at Cull'^dvn). '2. 'An Inquiry 
into lllf Naluni anil I)<-sifni "f CJIiri»t'9'Ti-in[i- 
tuion,' kc. irUl. 8v». This went tlirouRli 
tbrMiMlit-i'Ki" in Kjrmxr'Hlili.-titni-; \\w. fouiili 
O805) wik" e<Iit«i hy J-m'mitthJnTCfi [o. v.j; 
a fifVh appeared in 1^2'i, I'^mo. j'olin JUason 
■ofCliMhunt clainti^d Fnrmor'i' rheaiy u his 
own, but I'unaeT tind no dilEcullA' in Bhowing^ 
{jD him'iid edit. 17lVl)a radicnl diitinction 

hvt-^jn tl]'*iu. y. 'A Diwwrlnlion 'i-ii Mi- 
«.'&<•., 1771, Hvo; -indedit. I«04, llhii.i. 

it«d by Jovcv; 3rd edit. 1810. I'iinu. A 
Ottnuan tnn«laliiin aiiixfarnl nl. l^rlin, 1 777, 
Sn. 4. ' An Examination of llie late Mr. 
Lk Moino'it Trtiatiw on Mirairli^,' 177^, >^vo 
{oonuiionni by a iMri<>a nf attarkn in t\w 
'Londwn .MuifuiiK.' charKinff him wilh pln- 
narinint; (nun Abrahflin !>• iloinr). fi. ' An 
Eowi; on thi! Itemoniacs,' Sx., 1775, e?vo; 
Snd i«Iir.. 1779, 8vo: 3rd edit. I80o. ]->an*. 
odil«d bv Joycv.vith Nu. 3; 4ih<!dil. (c&ll4»i 
the IhirJ), 1818, lanm. A German transla- 
lion apjX'an-d at Rcrlin, 1770, 8vo, 6, ' Iji.-I- 
t«rn ly tbi- lO-v. Hr. Wiirtbimit'in,' &c, 177H, 
6vo (in rtfpiv Ui ■ An Irapartinl Inqulr>' into 
th<! (iw"n>i t liv f Iiiisjtd T>«'liioiiinrn,' I777,f^vi>, 
hv Itifhanl ^Vrt]-^^lin^^ton. M.D.) 7. 'Tbfi 
Moncnd Prwvalpnfrt' ol"t,)ii' Worship oridinuiu 
£inirit« in th» Anlifot llenllDrii Naiinno/Xr,, 
ifSS, ^Ta P<wrhu!nou.»!y (wiih tht* * Mi- 
Djoin,' Ii^l, f*vo* w»r<> printed: 8. ' A It*- 
plv'io John FpU (l735-17&7>;^q.v.],oiithit 
•uujeci of No. 7, and nineextrtLCts from 'An 
Eauty on tho Case of Dalaam,' from a trnn- 
•crini uadi> by Michstd Dodfton [q. v.] Vw 
mvr A wilt cmoiiied bia execuion. on ])ain of 
toting their UHnciw, to bum all his munu- 
KTipla ; hi- hB(I m-airly nomjilvli'd a volume 
on tint dt-mnnolopy of tLt' auric nts. He aup- 
p1i ' " ' . ' -A-ilh »i>mcndditi<>niil ]uirl.i('ulart 
«il n for th'-'Xoni'onforroist.'H M&- 

motiHi I i,(i.t, Sis of his lett*;rB to Ibrhc 
Tom* of llailk-i^h, Siilfolk, an- printM with 
' M>.-motri.' 

fvnml Urmtau, bj Urwi«k, lif>7 (pnwchad 
P*b., Kivm S Fob. lu) tlio data of bli d«aih : 
Kippii aomm, it lu Fab. from tha profaaU of 
hia will, litit fUlnImm'* Diary nlwi KivM 1 Poln); 
BioBT. Prii, (Ki|'i''-'i. i:;i3,T. M4i(«),; riilm«r"» 
MoneoaiknmiBi'a UamoriAl, 18<I3, iii. 402 oq.; 



;?: 



Hamoiiv, ] 80-1, aitonytnuiui, but bj Snmoel Pal- 
mar, and adcDOwleiigad ^ hii in Urton'a IxiiUra 
to UiM. Ministers. ISDO. li. iU; WU*on'*DiM. 
ChurctuH, ISOR, i. 1Q4. ii. 64, iii. t&l ; Uoalhly 
RepoaiLcry, I80fl, p. 708. IfllA. p. 6H6. IH18, 
p. AOl ; JIuRipbrrys Comxp. of P. Doddridoa, 
1830, ill aai, •i&i. 297 •q,. i-r. 77, *93; Rult'a 
Mcm.of Priustloj-, 1831, i. iU ; WjllUms'fl Hem. 
flfBebbjim, I»l.t3,p[). 128ft|.,839,337; Daridai 
Evang. Nmimnf. in Emos, 1843, pp. 344, 6:^8 ; 
BuDtB Rt'LThan^htinEnB:!. 1873. iii. 249 tq.; 
llrovDOH Hist. Cutmr. N<>r?. niKi Snff, is;7, p. 
fiOl ; Rew'i Hint. Prot.NoiiiMtif. ill Walro, iggj, 
p, 281 sq.; Jcrcmyiil'rcBb.Pund, 1886. pp, 138. 
153 aq.; lutraL't fruni ' A. KrjtiitKr for KiHIm of 
the Ditawat^re ' at S. CliadV, Sbr«w«bury, p«r 
tba Bor. C. R. Ihuftam.] A. 0. 

FARMER, JOHN Ut. 1501-l(XII).(wm- 

po*itr, was ft faroiirite of lid ward Vorc, wvon- 
teent li earl of Oxford," a fjfal favourer of poets 
(biting one himself) uud iiniFilians' (^Doo, 
Mfi. M)/<--4 in Ikidleianl. I'o tlii.<t noblitnuin 
he dedi«al<>d tJic two works wliicli he pub- 
luhed on hi» own rpsjwniibllily. Tbo first 
of thw is tt trvntise, now exceedingly rare, 
entillpil ' Diverit and Kiiiulriv waiM of two 
INtrut in ono, to tbe tiumher of fnrtio, uppoti 
oneplnyn^mg.'Af, (twns printed by Thoouui 
Elite [sec E.\»t,Tiiouah] in IM>l,ond cooMSta 
of whnt we nbould now call a series of ex- 
amplns in two^parl cnunti-rpoint of tliflerent 
ordi.>rs. The book aevnulo have attained eon- 
Hi(b-rebli?!iiifcoM,alt hou^h it« fame must hartt 
been speedily t.Titp)>i-d ou thu appiiamnce of 
Morify H ' lutraducUun'ft!xyean>afli^rwarda; 
for Juui give I'arnii-r an important ahare in 
tbe work of liarmoiiLtiiii; the [>Mln)-ttUM!a for 
his 'Whole Boole of Pailmfi,' publi.shed 1 M»2, 
Thv thirtvL-n csntick-s, hymnH, &r,, which are 
there prelixM lu thtr piwlmii pnijair nro all 
set by Earmer, aa wiill ua fire of 1 htt pAolm- 
tuni-.^iiii'i[i.wlri». In lG03«ppfiire«l'The First 
Set of Engliah Madriffali^, t« foiiro Voyet*, 
n«wly compoaed by lolin I'araivr, I*racli- 
tloner in thn art of Mnsicque. I'rinted at 
London in Little Saint llvk'u» bv William 
Barl«y, the asaigno of Tbomaa Sforlry, and 
are to be solde tl hie Kbonue la Oralioua 
Strcole, Anno IKun. iri09.' The part-booka 
contain fixtvijo madngaU in four parta and 
one in eight, and thn author in hii« nmfaJ^l^ to 
tbi< n>adcr L-Uims to hare 'fitly linkt' bis 
' Muaicktt to number.'a cliaraclonatic which, 
■eeorOin^to him, hod hiwn up to that time 
confined to Italian composers. Tbia claim 
l)r. Rurn^ty ivmsidorc-d that )*•■ fttWid to e«tft> 
blisb, nod certainly, to judge ttow the ma- 
drigal by whieb be is beat knovn, bia fe«ling 
foraacentuatioacannMhavcbtwnrttry strong. 
In Chnrli-it lliil]<?r'ii ' I*riiiciplea uf Miiaik,' 
\ti3ii, Konuur is spoken of u the 'aatbor or 



Farmer 



314 



Farmer 



tti« Sixteen Madrigals in four uid Uic Sei-vn- 
toen in twieo four pitrls,' a itBU-.mmt wliirh 
hts 1m] Vt. Kiuliuult to ttio conclasioa tbkt 
B ■MoniJ B<*t Were at lca«t com]>(>.«*d (Bit^n- 
p1iic»il NoiioM pnfUod lo iht! Musical .Vnii- 
quariaii SiX'i«ly'» edition of 7'Ac H'A'^lr Jtm/k 
^7*Www, 1S44). It will bo I'vid'.-nl, how- 
vTtir, tlukt 'tliu Hnvntitwiii' Htaii(!« for 'the 
wveat«eiitli,'and thm the set is that ohove 
doacribed. rarmer's WitJi-knowii t:i.iin[KMiltoo 
i* Ihn inadrignl ' Fnim Nimphit, I Leard one 
telling,' contributed to 'Tub Triampbs of 
(h-iana'in 1001 [mm East, Tnomn]. Tlw 
FitzwillJAin Uuaeiun at Cambridge contains 
two nis(]rif;als, not included in tbe collertiun 
of IWfl. in Immyn-i's linndwriting, ■ You 
pretly flowerH,' uid 'Thyrsis, tliy abwnce,' 
both fnr foar twpw, b«idM cnpif « of pcrmr of 
tlieottit:rcompoKilio»K. Tli« HritiDhMuMmm 
Itss a complete set of the madripiils of I60U, 
and a manusi'ripl K-un> uf thv eixln.ni madri- 
nU in ro>irpiirt4(Aildit. MS. tflWEXi), in the 
ThsI of which, ' Take time whil'j time dolh 
liutl, 'occurs an amueinft dir\>r)ii>n fi^inininn^; 
llie innrtr pari, whiph ' i-i nuide only to Fricht 
^ disuaye the un^erj l)y drinog od Chrot> 
eluAs imi) through wmbrift'-a, lirifM, and 
]on|rti,'&c. Acantunpart oftn'ooftheinadri- 
fraln i« (ymtaiufJ in Addit. MS. tJ938'J. and 
ih'^ Muitic Sclioiil and Chrisi Church collec- 
tions at CJxfonl contain compo^itiona bvhim. 

LGroTo'a Dirt. i. A07 ; Born*j'i Hist. iii. 231 ; 
HmrkiMB 1Itiil.(lA33), p. fil6; Mom. Anih\. Soc. 
piitiliMtiotii, 1814; Col. of Kti:*"i Ilium Mmnnra; 
oouipoNt iouM br l-'arm«r aborutncncinnoit.] 

J. A. F. M. 

^PABMKR, UIOIAItn. D.n. (17*>- 
17ft7), master of Emmanuel CoUpgy", C«m- 
brirlgp, the dvi>L'ciidu[it of a taniily loiii; 
M-nted at Kalcliffii Ciiley, a hamkt in the 
pariKli of Sho^y, lAUt^ettti^rebin.-, Maa boru 
nt ],Hr*'«t(ir on 2H .\iijr. 17:i.">. Hi- wa« tlie 
R<cond Bon of iUchard Farmer, u rich tnalt- 
attr, hy hi* wifo Tlnnnnh, dan^htor of John 
Knibh. He was educated under the Uer. 
Oerrard Anilret>'e*,intliefr4efnaminarK;hool 
at LeiivMiT, and about \7t>^ enl'^n^d n^ n 
jien^ioner nl: Emmanuel College, CamhridfiV, 
wh<rr>^ lift gniduatcd Tt.A. in 1 767, and was 
a 'senior optime.' ]U> (mpc«*3fully con- 
tMtfld with Wanley Sawbridpe for the silver 
cup gi\en at Emmauuul Cullc^n* tu thv btat 
fpraduati.- of Ihiit y«-iir. In I7'W h^ corn, 
mnncod M.A., and ein.vei^lL'd tlif Hev, Mr. 
Itickham •» rljiuicnl Inlur of bin cottoK^-. 
For many yenrs, while tutor, be fterved the 
ciimcy "f Swaw-wv, a i-illatp.- nbfnii cisht 
milpa from nambriJaiv. OunmnfrnUal'^s that 
J'ftntii-r ueod to ride over to Swavesey on 
Sundays, and as aoooaa the acrriu's ha<lbeoa 



p'Thrmvd (falloped back to coHvirtf about »i 
o'rWk. Aflr-T ti^a he put a ni|l^ht'H^ap on hi 
hi;ad and dozed nntil il was timi? to atlviid 
the evening mertin^ in the p«rlour, where, 
under the aoothint; influtrncc of a pipn. many 
an Lour was whiU-d away in uniVDrsilv or 
Ut«nry talk. At thiii time be formr-a aa 
iatimacy with HirThomiut Hatton, biirt.. of 
ijmj^ Slanlon, rainbridjteshire. and for tnitut 
tiiiu- aspin.-(l to the hand of hiii cldt-et daughl«T. 
The marrin^e wan poatpoDod on account of 
Farmer's want of meana, and when aftcrmany 
yeant t hi« objwrtion was removed, he found on 
niatun? rv?dertion that his habit« of Ufv wem 
too dMply rooted to be changed with any 
chance of p'-rfoct hatipinraa to dtlicr party. 
Such ia Giwr^ Uyvra v«.'t»ion of lb"! story ; 
bnt Cole siiT^ : ' Kr. (.oleman told me, y May 
178:^, that hi- Imd il from sutlicie&t autho- 
rity, thnt Sir ThomaA (latton had refuAMl 
his uldriit daughter to Dr. Farmer, but upoii 
wluit fijundutioti In: kiifw not. Th** lady is 
£7 or 2^, and Ur. Farmer about ■17 or -Ift. 
It will probably bo a tn^at mortification X9 
both, as tn i^vt-ry one it K-^-mcd that their 
regard for each other was reciprocal. Dr. 
Fnrmir'a prcfemient a eoual to 800/. per 
annum; and I ftue«« the loay's fortuiia, the 
being »ix dauf^blers and two sons, not v 
great ' (A-Mii. MS. OStW. f, S7 A). 

Un 111 May 17tKt l-'ariner waa nluct^d 
re]lQWoflhc8<)cictyofAnlii|uarie(-ofI/itidafi. 
In I7(V) !i« wn» junior pnic tor of thti uniivr- 
aity. He had already fflnued an cutenMVo 
libntnr and had ot-iinired by his intimate 
anqiiamtancit with Kugliali liierstiin', i;«h!~- 
ctaily ihir early drumatiats, a cousuleiable 
TV'putAtion ns a fvliolar and an anliquair. 
^V hen Dr. Johnson vi,«iiM Cumhridec in 1 7w» 
he had a 'joyoils meeting' with tanner at 
Emmanuel. A graphic aci-onnt of itu* inter 
view written by an i*va-witne«*,B. N-Turnw, 
of Denton, Lincolnsuire.wiU bi> found inth 
' N>.<w Muni b ly Magaaine ' for December 1^1 
(x, 3*>h|. The twOHCholaraHftt-rwioJ^main 
taiin_'d a fricudty correspondence on litemry 
tojurii. Thus nn one occasion Joltiiiu>n re* 
quested Farmer to Itelp Steevenn in fnrmin^ 
a cntalogueof tnmelattona which Shake«pBa re- 
might huif s<H*n, and nn anotltcr hp himself 
a«lied for infoi'matioD from the uBivertut 
n-giFtcra reipcctiDg Mvcral CombriilgnpTadu 
ateK noticed in the ' Livei* of thi' I'oeU.' 

I )n 15 May 17t(6 Farmer issued from tb« 
unircreity pr<*<^ propoiMil.* for printing thn 
history of Leic-wttiir, written l»y Tbomaa 
Stuveiey, barrister-at-Uw, fornH'rlyof P«!tnr- 
liou>i<>, Ciimbriilgv. Hi-ev>.-nlual!v Klxinilonetl 
thi'i ileflign. and rirtnmed the money whi 
had bwu received from the subecnU-ra 
the projected work. Staveley'a collect 



4 



per.^ 

d«H 

lon.^ 



•armer 



aiS 



■armer 




I 



(ngeilier with those of the IE«v. Summ-I CVrt c>, 
ie^TTiil nrijrinal maniunTiprs, nmJ Mlml^ en- 
pnri^ plaic«, he pre6«nl^ to John NidwU, 
the faifttori«n of I^'ic-stonhirt*, who made 
aan at iIhus in tlii: i-onipilution of bi» mat 
work (SlCHOtS,J,^trfrtr*Aiir,pre(.-, Gent. 
Mofi. Uv. 11^')). Fnrmor limtia more ctm- 
griiial *iiniiliiyiiii?iil Ui l!i* sliidy of Slmkt- 
Kpnirr Ana lua cnnunmtatora. In 176" he 
broiurht out the lirKl f^di!ioD of bu only put^- 
liiihcal wiirk, «n ' EsMiy nn tht' lieamine of 
Hbttli'^iieaiw- ' iCunbrifltfe, t*vo), uddreBwa to 
his fni-nti snd school fctl tow, .Irawph Cnnlock 
erf OtitiiW. A B*con(I nlition of this vahi- 
»1ilo TwrfiirmanOP was railed for th" «anio 
yMT. in which thcrw nm 'Inrp*- aclilition».' 
A third i>tlition waf urititod at London iu 
ITt'lJ, without anv tuiilitions except * note at 
the and. aci-'^unting for Iu8 fhitllr abandou- 
tug Ihti iiilnndtMl publication of lh« an- 
tlijniUcA of Lnicf^ier. A fourlh edition ap- 
pBitrM) at IxMidnn in 1B31, Hvo. Tlu^ emav 
u al&n ^ren at luw in Steevens'a edi- 
tion orShnkrajN'KTP 1/^, in Reed's edition 
ixvi, in IliiTTis'3 edition lrtlL>, and in Ros- 
weU'« ' Varionim,' ifi'il. In this masterly 
UltU «<*My Farmer dcniOQstmt^^'d that ^halci!'- 
■nenfi-V knowledt^ir of clasi<iral history was 
•ilitamtHl lit iKcond band through the medium 
of tmnabitionfl. 

In 1707 be took ibedegrm oril.!>.,andon 
8 July 1700 Dt. Terrick, hinhop of Ixmdoii, 
app'>inl''d him oni* of tlio pr«n<:lier« iit ihi> 
dbApeUCoyal. Whitehall. WTwn in I^ndon 
Iwtuualk resided ut the boune of Dr. Anthony 
;*w I't^. v.l, th»^ r>mini»nt phTsirian, in 
nSnuarOilMoonubury. In lv75, on the 
h of Ilr. I{tr:hard«)n, hu wiw rhown mart w 
of Kmmaniurl Colh'pi', Henry Unhhiird, tht- 
mit<>T fc]t'>w, haTini; declini^l th<» Vo^t on 
■ceouni of na<^ aw) inlirmitici. He now 
took lliv deifa-i- i>f 1>.I>.. and w»b very "oon 
nutfAodsd in tho tutorship br I>r. ^\illiftm 
Bvnnel. aftrrwords binhop nt Cloyn^;. lIi; 
■Mr\«Kl tbfi oifiee <if viiy-^rhnnreUor of the 
nnivmity in l""*>-6. and ngain in l"**"-"*. 
IhirinK In* fint If-rm of otlir'* lhi» iinivprtilv 
vot»"l an ivddTV'j' lit thi' kin^, in supprtrl of 
tbt>Am«rinin piilicyof ih-piwrninenl. ("ln« 
meroboror th«t Ctyi rrfii*'d to jjivi^ up th" 
^^.- ,.t .1... ,,1,.... pontnininir the iiniv**rBitr 
»■ i irnwr i« "aid t'l hrtve forced 

V ■ .- 1! Ii a ilniiio-hnniinur nn es- 

'ii& dprnocmtic ))io|Ira]>h^'^• nllff^c 
!i the raui^ of lUI ai-i ftul»i«(ii<<rit 
On th" d>»Bth of |tr. lt«nwr- 
di'-fiii. HI i"H>rof Corpus (^l^^'"lj Colli v\ he 
wa> I -'7 Jtini' lyTf^l iiiutnimounlv ••ti.'rt'Hl 

rrincipal librarian of the imiTCMitT. tn April 
790 UP wa« collated liy Itishnp ilunl to ihe 
of Alrow««, and tiui dianmU'tr'ili^ 



I' 

t 




annexed, founded in tbe catbcdml cbarch of 
Lichtit-tii. Iu Man-b 1782 be was installi'd 
a canoo in the nJDtb prebend of the cbonJi 
of Canterbury. After enjoying this prebend 
for ecvorul years ho tvsigned it on bein^ pr«- 
fcrred by Mr. I'ilt to lh« remdentiary prphend 
of CoD^umpui-per-Man! tn the churcn of St. 
Paul, l^mdi.n, on ID Marvh 1788. Th» ULt^r 
rean of hia life wnre pretty emulljr divided 
between Emnuinael College sna tlie rosidcu- 
liary boum? in Amen Corner. Hi» n-aideim 
in Itondon was favourable to his love of lite^ 
rary society, and for maay yenrs he wiw ft 
Dierabor of diiTenrt club* oompOMHl of men 
of Ie1ten>, by whom ho wax much nsteenHTd. 
Amon^ these oocietics were the Kum^lean 
Club at Blenheim Tavern, Hotid Street, of 
which Ihr. John Ash was president, the ITn- 
Liicrv&sablu Club, Queen's lli-ad. UoibofD, of 
whifrh I*aftc KemI wait pn^ident, and the 
Literary Club, fonnd'.'d by Dr. Jolins')n aud 
Sir.lo«hua ItpyiioliU. I'armerlwircdoclined 
a bifihoprir r^t was offered to him by Mr. 
Pittas a reward for the tonprinc-iplw which 
he stroTe to propante in liiit coilt>gis and in 
the whole university. In 1796 he wu ad- 
mit t'-d ad nmeUm at Oxford. 

IU died, after a long and painful illneaat 
nt the lodge of Cmmanuel d>[ieg», on 8 BepC 
171^, and was bari«d in the cliapel. A no- 
nument was erected to his memory in the 
cloiaterB,inBcrihedwitli n Latin epitaph com- 
povml by I>r. Parr. 

Apnrtraitof him was engraved byJ. Jonea 
from u finititing by Itomoey. 

Wht'ii a younjr man he wrot* anroe ' Direc- 
tions forStndying the Englieh History,' which 
bare bren print«>l in the * Etiro[)ran Mo((it- 
fino' for 1 701 and in Sownrd's 'Biographiana:' 
hut hi'ionlyworkofanvimpoftanceisthe'E^ 
SUV on tbr^I-.eAming'of Shuccpoare.' Invin- 
eifclo indolcucc j>rwv«.'nted him from nchievinR 
otlier literary tnuupha. He was content to ho 
the hero of a coterie, and to rei^^i aupremu in 
acidli^-combinalirtn-roomamid ihedelighta 
of the pipe and the hotlle. To bis ease orhi» 
diiinppriintnient in Inv may br> attribiilr-'l a 
want >if att«>nlion to hiii nenonal ajipearaiict.', 
and to tbe usual forms of hehaviinir ly-lou^ing ^ 
to hiiH station. Tn thi^ company of strnnffuril 
the M-centricily of hi>< sppeamnve rnusiMl tiini 
Aomeiimi^s to be taken for a peiwin half 
craWHl. Then.' w.n- thn-"- things,itwaa aaid, 
tvhii^li he lovetl aboTe all others, namely. Old ' 
port, old clothe<). and old V»ok«; and tnree' 
thingn which nol>odr could persuade him to 
do, namely, to rise in the momini;, to go to 
Uh) at nitfht, and to m'tllo an nrconnt. In 
hi* own eollep) he waA adored, and in the 
oniversity be exerciecd for many yars nuTO 
inflneitoo tbaa any otbur indivitlual. Hta 



Farmer 



3l6 



Farmery 



friend Iwiic Iteed remsrla that ' «s the imuttr 
«f hi* coUcfm he was a»y utA «r.fiei>sib1^, 
oulttTating tlie frieadship of tbe fellows and 
inforior members bj t\try mark uf kmdn'-it* 
and attonuoD: and tbucontlucliriu rewarded 
ii) tli« manner lie moat wished, by tbe liar- 
maay wliicli {irevailtHl in th« aociotv, iind by 
an eiitiru exemptioti from thoae feudu and 
aatmositice wliidi too often tors (o pi«)» 
and difigneod other niU8ev«. In his ofQee 
of reaidaotUtj of St. Paul'*, if he waa not 
tha fint mover, he waa coruinly the mosi 
atrenuoua advocate for promoting^ tlie art nf 
eoalpture, bf the introductinn of statuary 
into the metropolitan catliedral : and nuiny 
of the nvulatian--* on thtK cul^t^ were sug< 
ge8l«d by nim, and ndoptcd io Don^eqaeaoe 
of Ilia nvommend&tton. 

Uis library, whicL wae pertjciilarly ricb 
in scarce tracta and old Kn^lish literature, 
wiui wld in Lundon in 1798. Tbe cataloguu 
ext4>.nd« to 370 P'lK^'*) ■'■^'1 'be M-paraU> books 
number 8,150. The librarj' in fiupposud tu 
havo coct him Irifn than ^jOOL It said for 
2,210/., ind(^|M>nd>^nr]y of bis pictunM. 

A BCurrilouBpanipblfl. entitled 'Tlie Battle 
botwcMi llr. rnrmt-rinid TckT Ma»^vi-.r,hp 
Cambridge TayWr, in Iludibrafilic rcrse,' 
appcarrd at London in 17(11!, 8vo. Scveml 
pnnted books with mikiiuiwript noic^ by Far- 
mer are preaerviid m lUe Itritlsli Mu»c«ul 

[Monoirby Ooorgo Dyor in Aannn] Kccrologj 
for 1707-8. P. 390; NidioU* Li). .\i^rcil. li.eiS; 
llo>w«ir« jDtiniwn ; Bnnaloy'm I'nt. of Ei^rovod 
Portmit*. p. 3«tf; CsU's MS. <Si, pp. 82. 8»: 
Dithlin'i BiSliamnoia (1811), p. 6Sn; Kiiropeaa 
MuK- xxxrit. IIR; Evaiia'a Cat. of Fji|[m>Ml 
Furtrail»,3S73. 3874; Qtai. Mag. rot. Urii. pi. 
ii. pp. Wfi. 805, 8S8, 1068, Tol. IsTlii. pt. i- p. 
SH, VI. ii. p 730 ; Qvoiviaii I-Vt. lii. u&3 ; Gluiff > 
Supplement to third ediliaa of the EntiyclupKNlia 
Uritanaiea, i. B*!; Lo New's Foeti (Uiirdy). 
i. S». 6M. ii. 3S3, iii- Sll, C80, 702; Utvnkiy 
Hemoingf iJTitiff Anlhon. i. 183; LowndsMfl 
Bibl. M»n. (Bohii), pp. 780. S317; Manthnira 
Cat. of Fit* llnixlred Celt-brattd AntHon; NoCoa 
and Qiuiricf, litt wr. iv. 379. 407, 428, Znd mr. 
■X. 41 : .S«vord'a Itiompliiaiia. ii. 678-08; 
Shack bur^h'ii Ktomj on Fnrnurr, printod with 
ibe life of I<tDivne« Clmdorloo, 1884 ; Sinitli'a 
Cat. of &«rand T'oitntiu, p. £6. | T. C. 

FARMER, TUUMAS (>I. \im), evm- 
poser, wua originally one * of a cnmpAiiy of 
BlultaiUisinL'jiidunnndpIaTcdintlieviirceA' 
(Wood, Mfi. N»U>, lJ<.dleiin). H* to.* the 
dogreeofMnfi. B.at CarobriH(r»'inllW4,Wfon' 
which timf III.' bad (xmiributedKtDRslolMay- 
ford'e ' Ch<.ire Avre-t, Sonffs, and Dialof^uea ' 
(2nd Kclit. 1075)^ One of these ia d«crib»d 
as *in the Citizen tnm'd Ctntlcman,' Tliia 
was the sub-title >^ UaTeuacrolV's 'Mam- 



mouchi,* prodUDed I67A. '.\po11o'«Baiu{ii»t* 
contains' Mr. Fenner'fi &[afot,'forTioltn. Ilia 
in^tnimenial oompoeitioos are entirely for 
siriof^ in Ihrw or four parts. H<^wrotethe 
'tuu«a'iD*l'h«l*riDcesa of Clere,* which ap- 
pear in a ftet of monuacnpt parts dated I)e- 
e<nnbvr([6>83,DWD<idb7tliomuFulter(Add. 
MS. •2g'_'8:}-6). Fuller poMeawd three otbn 
LV)mpoeitiunsintlir\^^' pailsby him(t}.S1430)i 
iind rariouii ovurlun-v am conlained in Add. 
MS. B48fi». Hf f.mtributed bob^ to ' The 
Theater of Mufiick.' I(W5-7, and bo DTrfo/s 
third rolltrtion, 1085. In Iti^ appeared htn 
own collflrtion of airs in four p&rtfi. under the 
title nf 'A Consort of MuMck,' containinf; 
thirty-three Icflioiu. A'SecondConanrt.'cott- 
tainiuE eleven leamoa, appeared in 1690. Tlie 
date of his death is fixod only by the fact that 
I'urcell wrote an eleey upon him to wortln 
b^NahiimTate,pnbli&ned in 'Drpheus liritan- 
DJCUH,' ii. SJ), andbe^iuuinK ' Voung Thyrsi/ 
(ate y« htlln and ^>ve* drplore.' This e.*- 
tablishes tbe fact that Farmer died before 
Novinlyr l({.t.'>, and it may be inferred I hat 
he died votinfi. Hawkins layfi that hifihou<w> 
waa in Martlet Court, Bow Strmt, Oorent, 
Garden. 

[GroTo's Dirt. i. 607: Imp. Did. of Unlr. 
Biiy.,art. ' Parmer;' anthoritlMAndAimposiUoas 
as above: Hawkin'a HbA. (IS63>. ix 708.1 

J. A.F.M. 

FARMERY, JOHN, M.D. (A 1590j,phy- 
swiau,a nativuof Lincolnahirv.matriculstM 
oa a pensioner of King's Collefie, L'ambridge, 
inNoTemU-rK'lHCB.A.lSM r>.M.A. ISOS). 
He aeematohiivi'practiwd ni<-<lii^ine iu I>im^J 
doa, at. iin empiric, with powerful paliuna.] 
The CoUef^ of PhyHiciana was induced til 
Ucenae him on 4 I-'eb. 1686-7, and admitted' 
him a candidate 2l' Fiib. followincr. and fellow 
'2B Feb. 1588-9, wilb nn injunotioti lo pni- 
DBud M.D. within two years. In SepfunbitrJ 
lA89lt»(rrni1iialed M.D. at Ij^yden, afVer n— f 
ceiring lot ten* testimonial from the I^ndon < 
CoUe^re. In 1589 also he wna directed by] 
the coUeire to draw up, with Prs. Atslowe, 
Browne, aud Tret^I. the formuhu of syrups, 
juli?pit, and dccoctiooH, for tho 'Phamaoo- 
potia.' Kv (lied in tbe spring of 1690, In 
hia will (P. C. C. S3, Urury), dated 16 Muck , 
and proved 7 April 1500, be de4<:ribed himaolfj 
n« living in ' Ald«rbert Atrele ' in the narvihf 
of St. ^lary Aldermanbaiy, and deaimd to be f 
buried in bin parish chtmJi. Ily bin wife, I 
Anne, he had t wodauglif^^nt, Tifaryand GUxa- 
betli. Ili" wiili)w ofterwsnis marriod (lio«o«« 
dated itt Feb. lAl>:>-3) Fdward Lister, M.D. . 
frf. ItlSO), and was buried in the chureb I 
of St, .Man,' A IdermanbuiT, 11 I>*c. 1613, 
Farmery was a IbMnaa catholic. Bia Criead , 



I 
I 



Ricliftrd Smith, M.T>.,vnH'i!in)>nYL'i»or'uriiiH 
will. Up l» cionj«mn'(i <C<Mii'EK. Athtriue 
Cant. ir. Or*) to have bwn the nutiior of * A 
MvLhodv of MeAiuriiigf and SmTpyinge of 
Lund; ptihiiiJiEd by J. ]■'., practiiioner in 
phvfiick, lirftinotl 1o Thomas Woodcocko 
13' Oct. U»S9 (Ananu, Rc^iucr*, ii. :.'lltf. 
A book, ' I*(!r|HtuaiI su<l kiiitlflit^ iininastico- 
eoM of iho cluinf!!' uF trmcs. tukuu uiil of 
old ftD<l now« Kuctliot^. ' to W print^l in 
lUlukD, ]*'renchc, wa& KnR-liah^,' and liccnMil 
to Jolin WoIi« 7 J»u. I,-!X>-I v/A. ii. it3f) i), 
hftfi alM> tnM-n nttributi'd ti< Fannitn'. Aue« 
( T^^wor. Antiq. cd. Herbert, p. 1 1 "/ ) wrongly 
duM-xibm thelolttvrvrorlLH! ' iVriii'lunll I'ma- 
oa0t4Cltioa of the — Wi-ather— by I. F.' It 
i» rvry doubtful if Fanoery waa coDa)nM<U 
■PTtth it. 

[Cooper's Atbm* Ouilabrinietuni, it. 99 ; 
aiank'* Coll. of Pbyi. i. fitI-7, U8, 104: Cbw- 
tor'a London Mamttgo Lic«uitei> ( t'oaterl, p. B48 ; 
laformattoakinilly nippliwl bjMr. QomouGood- 
irin.] C. C. 

FARNABT,OILES(/. )IM}ft).comiy)eer. 

vnt of tbv family of Faniabv of Truro, sad ia 
Mid to hAT^ bix-ii r>.latfd to Thomu l-'arnaby, 
the scboolmoBter [q. v. ', 11« took iht> dagtHK 
tit Mua.ll. at Oxford on 7 July l&!>i;, having 
Al tliat time tttudied itic fiiL-ulLr of luiit'ic for 
Iwdv^ vean < Wotm, M-f. jVjfV.«, ll<idli-iaii>. 
Ho littrmonimxl iiim- tunfS I'ur ibi' ' Wbalo 
IVhA of I'^hIuik' ptibliHhfd iu tbtM y<«r by 
Tliomas Kti.at. Six years nfiprwardaappcarod 
liit only piibii«b«d work, 'CnnxoiH'lii In Fiiiim 
Voyces, Trilh a Sonir of fi|fht parts. Coja- 
rtwd by GileeFBrnabyJIacbilarof Mu»ic-kf. 
London, Printwl by IVn'r Short, dwfUinjf 
oa BrkdatreiM Hill at the hjeik- nf t!ii> 8tar, 
MMCTIII.' The iet of part books w»» dwli- 
CAt«(]t<)' thciHiglit'W'ornhipfiin MaifUTFw- 
«liiiand« lleslniro, Govtrnor of lier Maiesliea 
IVivie Chamber.' Commt-iuliitory t<tm)* by 
Anto. Ilf'l(>oro<<, John Donland, U. Altmo, 
And llu. ITollaiid are prtfixf.-d. The first 
ciuizonct,*M_vlu'Jv'Frollori-dch<.M.'kt>.'baelK<<.*n 
rditcd liT Mr. T. I »ipliant, an * .\ nOHegay of 
sprine dowvr»,' and No. 20, * CunMxui) toy 
iB«anin|t,' by Mr. W. H. S<)tiin-. Tlif Uiut 
» wpeoially intoreetin^ on account of the 
bolilnrM of its rhmmotii- tri*al mptit, Nn. 4, 
^Daphnriin Iht^ iLairicbowti,* was arrangislby 
lltu Coinpowr for tb« rirginals. It appears, 
1<y>*lh«r with forty-m-vi-u otlu-rcMiiiiositidna 
for tlw iauj« Ln.4i.ruini-tit, ind two Kltiii^ by 
Faniflby of works by Itobert Jobnion, in thu 
book known as ' Qu<->'n KliiabfLb'A VirgtDal 
Book' in ilia FitiwiUiutn Muaeuin at Cuu- 
bridg«^. Tb»> *Lyl* of the ]MPc«a is Very florid, 
rwwtnblin^ that nf Itull. Tbrpc roii»»ciiliv« 
fieOBB ar<a called ' r'aniaby'a Drtwm,' ■ Uis 




Rest,' and 'His Ilamour.* Foiiroompotuttoru 
by ft Mn of Clilcs Fftmaby, named Kii^bard, 
are Dontaiued in the tiamc volumv. Notbinj; 
inoTt is known of bia biu^^pby. Add, MS. 
2&1^7 coutaina two aiuglo pnrta of an nnthem 
for six voice*, ' (I my aonne Aboolon.' 

[Gwwaa iJiirt. i. fi07. it. 808-10 ; Barney's 
Hist. ill. 1 13 ; Wood's Athriue Oxoa., Fasti, ii. 
357, MiS. Notes in Bodleian.] J. A. F. U. 

FARNABY, THOMAS (Iii76?-ldl7), 
arh'Milm&^ter and cla^inU whnlar, vaB Mil 
of Thoraa* Famaby, a Ijjndou carpenter, by 
DorotTiy, daughter of Thomas Foxcroft of 
llatley, Vorksliim, Uin j7mnd&th«r wa< at 
on« timo mayor ofTrtiro, and hisgrMt-frrand- 
farhor, accordiuif t« bi> own account, was ao 
Italian mttati^iun. Horn about 147fi, he inatri- 
cubitodal Murtou Conp)^,Oxford,oa^JJuai> 
IA)0. Hr>bncam<'n [HislmiLiliTllwrt', undiwr^ 
vilor to Tliom«ji Frvncfi, ■ a learned fellow of 
tliat liouM.'.' FnltingiintU'rllivi inHuenceof tho 
jpsuilK, bo abruptly left, rht! univoivity, and 
studied at a joiuit colle^ in Spain, wfa«re 
be olcarly rwiMYtd a rerj sound dauicftl 
education. Uut, diuatia&ed with hitt poiti- 
lion, and 'bein^ mindtyl to take u ramble,' 
ho 'went with Sir Fr. l>rake and Sir John 
Uawkins in their last voyacv, bving in some 
vsti>om with the formvr.* At a latordatu liu 
fought iu th<^ Lou* l.'-ouiitrifi, and about 159t) 
landed in Cornn-all in ^-nt diatnwa. For ■ 
tiint) liix piivi^rlv ' tnadn bun stoop 90 low aa 
lo 1m! an abcdanan, and H^ri^ral were tiuight 
ibi'ir liomlKiok* ity him.' Uadtr the nainv 
of Hainrnfr' — an anop^ni of Famnbio — lie 
spltlwlat Martock.lSomorsetiihire, and taught 
in the gnimmitr whool there. IIi» capacity 
m» a t<>ach(T noon iliMUrvd itMlf, and, remov- 
ing to London, he opeoed n school in Ootd- 
Amitlu' RontA, or Goldsmiths' Alley, behind 
ItfxIcroM Street, Cripplepit*?. Hit pujiilsawn 
numlwnxl thrwr hututri-d, and werf for the 
moci |Hirt XIU9 of uoblum^'n nud ' oiImt fpjuv- 
roua j^utlu).' I [■■ luid boanlen aa well as day 
schuun; buld hie clsMca in a large ' gardvn- 
hou»e;* am) juini-<I*t!vitmt huiiMiinikdgardtinii 
together to meet the nee^U of hia ealabliah- 
munl. Htt imly hnd thri->> ii»hpr<t nf w»rl< with 
him. In Iii.-»Willinin RnrTon(ie(»i>-ltl57) 
[q. v.], a wel!-kni)wn nntiqu.irv. wax oiip of 
IiwaMistaniH. SirJtihnRranMtnntbi'younif^r 
[»j.v.],wnhhi« brotbi'M, Mount fort and Fran- 
cis, wcru amoiii; bin iMMrdi-m, and Sir John 
luu<d«iu>ribcd the liciKioIin hiitaulobiivraphy 
(Cantd. Soc. j>. lUt). 8ir Kicbnrd Fanaliawe, 
AlL'xandrr Gill, and Henry Rirkliead wrni 
alfto Faniab^'x |i<ipil>. it«f'ir« 1629 Farnabv'A 
fame na a H-lioolma«(nr and cla»iral acholnr 
wan known to all tlu- sfholan of EuroiK'(cf. 
Barlai Epiai«ia, p. H^i), uA from 1630 to 



IMS h*w*i in Krneatot £OTT(.-e]iikndciM» wit li 
G. J. Voaihu. Alt vnriy lu Junu 1031 Far- 

tiflby lind bought a nouulrv house »I S>Tfn- 
oslu, atw) the pUpio of 163U (combiuvd witb 
a([ii)irn7l wilK hit L'mtlunliuiJIi.'ml) induced 
him to rfimov« hifi srhool tht-rc. The Bchool 
tbroTe, aiid Karnabv buufrbt mucli tnnd m( 
ScvenoBkaiift w^Ii ns eM«lf« •! Otfon), Krmt, 
and Ilonhum, Sussex. His reputntioa ■» a 
rlsssical scholiir l»d to n conimiMion from 
tbp-kiiifi to preiMLTV « nnvr ]^iin frrnmmiu' to 
replset* th^ untt iiln?a<)y in us« in Ibn public 
Mliools. On 1(1 July ifMl Famabrpetitioned 
tbe Jloiuw of turds t'> se«iii>j bts gnustaar, 
tbcn just ompli'tt^d. 1 h^ innno)i>itf prntnised 
it by C'hark-s I {Ui*t. MSS. CVmwi. 4tli H»p. 
866>. ITii^ civil wnn* niinrd Kiininby. Howaft 
n-portod to bare Kiiid tluit be prefemsd one 
kiii);t^>livuliundrrd. lii ) l)4d he was arrvxtcNl 
by ibe perliaitientAmnf* nwirTiinbridgp, nml 
iruscommittedttjNowgst*'. lie wan placed on 
board »bip with a view to bis tnnwportotirtn 
to.\jin»ric«. but was ultitnaloty M*nt to Ely 
]Io)i5ie, llolbom, where he was detained for 
a year. He wii» allowLf) t<i return to Sevcn- 
ualiB in ]B4o, niidbeilitHJ lln-rw lt> Juun 1)147, 
beiiift burirtl in ihr chann<l (if the rhiirrh. 

Kamaby iDBrrit.'d, lirxt, t<iu]san, Hiitichtrr nf 
John Pierce nf [.anw^lla, Cnniwal! ; nnd 
eecnndly, Annn, dauf^htvr of John Howwjti, 
biflhnp of Diirhftin. Ilr bii* first wifi' In- bail 
(beeiura a diiughter Judith, wife to William 
Bltidwfll, u IjOiK^riii niorchant) a son, John, 
v«i|)iain in the kind's urmy, who inborited his 
fatl»-r's llontham property, nnd diiil (here 
early in I4t7lt. lij hie second wif'_- hv had, 
among otiier cbitaren, a ton Fraru'i*, born 
nbout 1630, who inbcritcti the Kippin^on 
(Vitate, ScvenorthH. and waf n widowi-r on 
:J(J Jim. ItSOit-3, when be iibtaincd a Hrwise 
1o marry Mth. Judith NichuU of St, Jamex, 
Clerhtiiweil (('hixter, Miirn'ittff Lir^ntrt, 
wl. b'uetur, p. 471). 

l-'iirnaby wait \hv chi«if clamcol wholar lut 
well nii tb(< cliief flchnnlniikat4>r nf hi^ timo. 
Hin t^ditiunn of the claMiic!i, with p|a)K>rate 
I^lin notc^ were t-xlraorditiarily popular 
throiiijhout the otfrt^nlceuth century, lltt 
cdit4-d Juvrnal's ond Per^iiuV <uitire« ( Ijond. 
101:?, dedicate to livnn', |.>nn«> of Wales, 
mao. It«l3, IfWfi tenth 'mI.!; S..n«-a'. Im- 
pxlieH (Loud. 1(J18. 10ii4, 167^ iiiiitb hI., 
1713, 17-.'8); Martiiir.il 'FpiKTaino' {Ixnid. 
1615, fieiievft. lfli>;i, Ivond. ItliJ-l, IfiSS. ni70, 
M'wntb ed. ); LucanV ' Pliarsalia ' 4 Lond. 
l)il(*. IttlM, 16.W,*^v.-ntb i-d. ) ; Virgil'), work* 
( li.t-'Jl, d'-dicati'd to Lord CVaren of llam.4t>«l, 
and ltttU>: Ovid's ' Metainorptioace' (Loud. 
Itt.tr. low, Hf77. 1730); Tprciwe's comwliw, 
rd.FDmabTandMericCa«aubi>n(Aiu«lenlHiii, 
16C1, low. IOhJ, 1:l% Saumiu, 1071). 



Famnby'* olhiT works are: 1. 'Indei 
Uhetoricua Si^holi^ ct Iniittluiioai tcneric 
Rtattftaccoruni'jdatUB.'iiODdoti, 1625; '2nA i 
163.3; 3r<J od. htlO;4thi>d. 1(M6: 15th t<d.1 
17H7 ; ret>au«d iu ItWt an * Iiidnx Khrtoricua 
et Oratoricne cum Fommli* Oratoriia ei In- 
dicw PiM-tir",' and ppiloniigod byT. f^tijpbri'iii 
in 16tJ0 for Iturr St. I->lm)inda ncJiool und.-r 
%hn titlw ' tatm-jvj^tiuTrokvyia.' 2. ♦ Pbnses 
(hulortw ol^^gnntiorp* <■! pofticw,' London, 
1628. Ath ed. 3. ''H i<it Sv^oKoyMt '.VA>- 
Xoyi'n, Morile^iuii]Epi(;nuiiniatuai(int.-«'orum 
MrunKjuo Ivitino vrntu a vania tn-'f ' " — ^ ' 
[x>ndon, Uf->9, KHW, 11171. 1, 

Q ram m at i cum /London, |f>ll;th(^'L.<. - .1 

Latin gronunar pntuari^ by royal order. 
& ' Phta:>iolDg;ia Anglo-Latino,' London. 8ro,^ 
n.d. 6. 'Tabula; (iriDca* Linfuo?.' Lon^ 
4to, n.d. 7. 'Syntaxi*,' London, Svo, n-t 
A patent dated B April 163:! granted Fa 
naby exclusive riifhtH in nil bis book* fo 
lw«nty-oni' rears (UvjiKR, Krrf>r/vifXix.R67) 
and on ihv back of th>> title-pojje of the \i 
i-dition of the ' Index Ithctoricns ' pcnaltica i 
aril tbrvaieiittd against any infViDguiDC'iit of ^ 
l''nniaby's copyriglit. In both documenta 
mention is mnd« of inlilioiis hy l^'araaby a( 
Pdtnmiim Arbittir** 'Satyricon' and Ari^ 
totif's ' Ethics,' but neither ih now kuown. 
letters frwm Vowiii* to Kaniiibr nppvar 
Voewiii.'i'ii •EpisToliw" (l>ind. liiJN)), i. If 
;i53, 380. Vwur of Famab/t letter* 
Vowius arw printed in Vo^wiiw'a 'Kpi-*ioIfl»i 
Clarorum Virorum' (UKK)). pp. 70, M, " 
S03. Other lelteraappeAr in John 
'Impi^luii Juveniles' ([64.S), and in 
' Jutenal,' Fanialiy prefixed versM in Ore^l 
with an Knglieh translation to Coryat'^'l 
dLlics,' and lii> wroto commendatory line* 
Cninden'A ' Annalcj,' 

\\«rx JooiHin WBc a fri'>nd of Faninby. nn( 
contribuli-*) romrat-ndalory Latin cicjiiac* t 
biatKlitionof Juvenalandl'er^iui^ JoUuOw.'i 

f raises Famaby's S^nec* in hii ' KpijiramnJ 
le is biifhly ci»mmended in Dunbar's ■ Kni-1 
gramntata,' 1610, and m Itichanl Kmcli'a^ 
■Bpigrammatum Ilpcatantadef diur.* 10^7. 

[Wood'- AlhcB-j Ox'jii.. ~" "'•-- f'--iv wi 
municatcdhv h'lirniiby'* Si <-l 

Vu(itat»()iu>t Luiidiiii, ISSi I r '26.1 

Woajil** FiiKti. i.!l07 ; Lady l-'atwliuwcx .Ui!n>iri 
p. £9; P. Cnnvi EuLMobv, Leyilen, WH, p. 31 
Voitiii K [Jtitdlie. Lnnd. I6IIU, I'mfovntr May 
aIko rufcr^ '\a Noi>« andQiwrids. 'Jr.dM>r. xi. 33lj 
to Wbearti's ChAXactorutioa, p. 13U, and 
miD« writer'*! Epistoin Euclidialii'A, Ti>i. & 
Early iDaon«cri|A notra aro to tw foand 
fS lbs 1629 «!itions of Farnaby'* Flor 
At. the BoJii'tau Librury, and In the Iftsa 
at the Indax Rhatoriou at the Brit isl> Mnwon 

S.UL. 



Farn borough 



319 



Farnham 



PARNBOROnOH, Lad? (1772 1837). 
[S<?»- I/'jci, Amklia.] 

PARKBOROUOH, Lord < 1751-1838). 
{Soe I<u50, Chaslbs.] 

FABKBOBOUQH. Lokti. [Sco May, 
Siu Thohab EiuKi:rE, 161&-l880r] 

FARNEWORTH, Kl.lJS (d. 170.t), 
1.riiti«'.i''>r, WM lK>ni probobty at HontuUl or 
It' l>Tb_r»I)iiv, of wliich ploco his 

fo' ; (■"Bni'.'wortb, WBS rector. H« 

tra* !t3ii;;hl tirst Qt Chi«l«rfield school oader 
Willtnm JtiuTuw, uid itft«r«-iirds «t Glag. 
U« then proeeedMl to C«nibri(l|]:t>, lUAtricu- 
Imling w a nwmbGr of Jvbub College 17 IX>c. 
17a). In \71U 111* took his d<>^n-<* of B.A., 
and in 1733 ibat oC .M..\. In I7ri5 he waa 
acLin^ A« ciinitp to -Kihii FKrh'-rbert, \-io«rof 
. Aiihboume. Derbviiliir.- ; but on 27 P'-o, 1 7.W 
1m> becnino vicftr of Itonthomi*, Cheshire, by 
ihf influence of Willbm Fitzht-rbiTt of T»- 
Biuiilon, l)t?rbv*ltire, hrothi-r of hi» former 
vkur ( IJBii£itiJl>. Oim/iiiv, i. ;i4y). In Octo- 
ber I'tW b« wiw iiicl il iitvil lo iImi ructory of 
Carainxioo. IVrhy^hirt-, « prttfiTiiwnt bii nwtj 
to thv friendithip of ifae Hon. Jaiueis Yorkc, 
dean af Lincoln. Tbore ho dt«>d 36 March 
1768. 

Hf jmbliKbmt thi< followtns' 4ran»latioD» : 
1. 'The: Life of Popi>Sixtii/irh«Hfih ... in I 
"Wltirb is included thi> Gtute of England, ' 
Kranw, Spain, ItAlr. &c.. M. thut linw ■ . - I 
tmnslftten from ihf Ilediau of Gr^orio l*^ti, ' 
with o pffiicc, pro!opomi.>ii«, iiotp»i, niid njt- I 
prndix,' ful., London, 17&J: nnoiher itlili'tn, 
8to. Dublin, 177'J. 5. 'The Uistonr of Ihtr 
Civil Wfln of ]'*mn<^a . . . n nvw iranalation 
fn'iu llii> Italian of I>aTilu ( unvcdotfiB rvlating 
to th<i Author, chiefiv from the Italtnn of A. 
Zeno),' 2 vole. 4I'j, timd'tn, 1768. 3. 'The 
Worki> of Nirholn* ^liifhiarc) . . . ni>«-lr 
tmDfilatLMJfroni tbeorijfinaU: iltuiitratpd with 
nolii^ ntu>cdotrm diwx'naliont, and ibc hfe of I 
MarhiaTi-l . . . and wveral new plans on tlw ' 
art of war," 2 vo!«. 4lo. London, 1762; 'Aid 
(Hilt,, r<jiTvct^, 4 ToU, 8ro. I.oadon. l"7fi. 
To rorniin-ortli "wnaalao «ttribute<l ' At^hort 
HitiWT of the I^rrwlitfji ; with nn awount of 
ibnir Manni>n>, riioiomfi. Lawn, Polity, and 
]l«h|*ioa. . . . Tninslati^d frrMn the l-'rcnch of 
Al>b4 l■'l(^tlrl^' 8ro, London, I7.V): bul it 
yn» only by thp}cili'lnt>«iiof lliumfix IWfonl 
[q. T.]. Mioond hon nf llilkiiih H^dfoH ^(j, v.], 
wlio f(av(> biin f)i<> irftti»]niK;n, in hope« that 
he mipht h> onnblrd lii raiM^afifwpoutidiiby 
]l, a« b« wn«i tlinn very poor and ibe only 
anpfwrl of hi* two ^istvr^. None iuili.-«'d of 
bis wjrV:- iLp]»ear to Uuvt> ln*<-n )jroiitabli% 
a!' ' IriinalnLioii uf Macchiovulli, 

wir I I rmlly 'hflwktfdroond ibff town, 



wiu! afti^'m-nrdft in n^UMt. Ob one oecaaioa 
John Addenbrooke, dcaaof Ltcbfield,atrDi^y 
recommf^nded him to tran&Ulc Sir John SpeU 
man'a ' Life of AUH-d ' from ibu Latin iittn 
Enffliith, and Fameworth ua* about to hti^fin 
wIm'u Samual Pv^i* luckily heard of it, and 
seni. him word tbul thn ' Lif« of Alfn-d ' ws* 
originaUy written in Enclifth and thence 
tranvbitnl into Latin. Unuur the psi'iKloRTm 
of * I'tiiloprritbagu* AHlibitmieiwin' Fsrti*^ 
worth cooiribiiled a liamnrouH account of 
I'owvll, the fir«-*-nter, lo the 'fienlleman'ft 
Magatiae ' for I'eliruarT 1716 (xxt. fiO-Hl). 
[Nichols's Lit. AiM-L-d. ii. 301-3; Cholmvn'a 
Biog. Diet. sir. I27-B: Waifa Bibl. Brit. i. 
S.57 I".] o. a. 

FARNHAM, RICHARD (*l. IfHSJ, 
fanatic, w*» n weawr wl»n came from Col- 
rhnster to M'hit^rhappl iiImiiI ItKW. wbrre 
Iw and a f»'llow-<!n«i>«n»iin, Jolin Kul! q. v.], 
onnounci-d that they w.t»' iirojihetm iitApirrd 
with ' the Tery sjwrit of G'mI.' T1m>v clHinipd 
lo be ' the two ffr^.'ut iirophct* which «honlc) 
come in ih« «ml of the world Ru^olioncd in 
Itei'elAtion,' and asserted 'that the pinker 
ohoiild not eomc nigh thvir dwHIJng.' Tli^ir 
raYin)t« attracted )i;t<nerat atiention. hi n\nf- 
dienre (iiH he stati>d) lo an obsrtirvi i^rriptura) 
text, Fanihnm raiuTi>'d Kliulieth .\ddiii|^oo, 
whofw hwihanil, Thoijiafl, a Miilor, wiia alive 
at the tim*-, nltboin;!i awny fmm home. By 
lhi« iini^n Fonihum hiul a larf^i^ fflmily. In 
April la^a hu* and Bull were nrref(te<) on a 
trharge of hcn-S'y, and examined on ihn 16th 
by iii*> eourt of hi^rh comniuwion. l-'nrnhtiia 
wa« eomruitltfd to Newgale. A ])aiuphlet 
by 'T. H.' wa» iiwupd n-jwrting thiir n<pliefl 
to ihf interrt.>t;atioiiv "f the comiuifdioiier*, 
under llie litUr of • A Tnie Disi-onrae of ibo 
Iwuinfamoiuuiinlart pp^idieig, l!i(-Lar<ll-arn- 
hnm, wearer of \Vhit(<ctia|»-l, itiul .lohn Hull, 
weaverofSt.BotolphV.AU!ffalfl,'1636. Kam- 
bam iiddpd in an appi.mdix nn explirit denial 
that he eliiiiufHl 10 b*» Christ or Kliax.or that 
be hiid nropbened a ahower of Mooil, but in- 
*iMwl tiuil he forcauw a lonp dronjjht, jv-Mi- 
lence.and war. On "iil Fnh. lS-'Mt-7 P'nrnhnin 
WftA Btitl in Xewf^t^* and petitioned l^ud 
for htn releuM.'. lie <l'.-*erih«Hl hinmelf af ' a 

Itrophet of the moff: ]li)(b ti'>ii.' uipreastHl n 
inir that he bad bi>.'n fur^tlen by the court 
of hiith rommiwi'in, n<4M#p«iwl in U' bhiujfbt 
lo trial imwiediiKi'ly, and Ihrenlenod an np- 
I*.'ul to the kiiijr, On 7 Miin-h hn wmlf a 
isorotid lct(»*r to Land, demand inf> ^wirmiA-iion 
to relum to ' I»ng I^ne, near Whiltinffton's 
Cat,* when- hv had rfwided, iilthough he h«id 
DOW un home, hin family wa» di'iamxHl, and 
I>vo of his ehddir-n were 'on thr purmh." Uu 

17 March he pviitioDM) the eouncd to protact 



Farnworth 



330 



Farquhar 



htm from I^ud, wbo declined to read bis 
l«tt«ra. Soon niWwatiit hv wan iKlnii to 
BethlAham Tlnepital and kt'nt in cXnof ran 
finemvat. On SO Jan. i03/-8 the doctors 
WIHjrtM to thn privT roiinril iliat Itc wu 
Mne and should buvt' hi:^ libefljr in the bos- 

C'ttl. MoAnwbilv thtt hunlnund of EIiia- 
illi AddiagtoD — the woiuuq who had Telo- 
fiiously married Ftmtuua — returned home, 
and ebargod heririUibigBni^. Sh»wA« tried 
and convicted in Autfuot 1033, bul w-no nUvt- 
■wardfl T*priov«l, as Kunbani waa held to be 
l«6|KHiUDti3 for bcr eriinv. I1i(<judi;«u«, after 
the gan! deliTery nt which (h<- wiumm wii* 
itulieted, orderea Fnrobua lo he rrmoTed 
from BvtJiU-liKn] t>i Rridi>wi-H, ami lli<ir<> 'to 
be kept at hard Lnbour.' I^co in 1010 b« 
sidcmned of tht< pla(;iiv, and was removed to 
th« house nf a friend ond diacinlo named 
Corlin or Curtain in IU>9pmarT Lane. 1[« 
di«d there in January 1641-ii. I'^licabcth 
Addingtoti imrnvd btin uiid rvpoRixl that, lu 
accordance with lii« prophen", lie rose from 
tbtideoa on 8 Jan. 1U4U2. ' Bull diod t«>D 
daya an«r l-'iirnhaui, uu<) Iheir followfre tii- 
flialed that they bad 'poim in veasflU of bul- 
ni4lu.<a lo coiivrrt the (■•« frihca.' IWidwj 
th« pnmphler mentioned nbore, two others 
dealt, with FambaiD'n career : 1 . ' A Curb 
for S^tarii-j* and liold nnipln-ciirni, by which 
iiichard Fanibam the Wfuvtr, lame^ Hunt 
Uie Karmor, M. Oroi^ne the i'Vltniaker, and 
all otbur thi; like bold Propbeciera and Sect 
Leaders may be bridW, l»ndon, I6tl. 
S. 'Fnlflo Prupbi-ls PiM-on^riHl, Ix-iii^ a true 
atoiy of tbeijivetari(l Ih-alhmf two weaver*, 
late of Colchedter. \iz. Uicliard Fumhom and 
Jnhn Kul! . . . ; Uiidun. ltlH[-2]. 

[TnctM loeutiuCoJ aljciTi>; Cal. fttaCt' Paprra, 
IMft-; VP- *-Sfl-iS6. 487-8. 407. I6J7-8 pp. 188, 
■MS; Cm. of Prints in Brit. lliu. flir. i. pt. i. ; 
a&datl. Bi'LL, Joii:',^. 1436. !>upm.] S. L. L. 

FjVRNWOKTH, lUCIlAUD (d. 1066). 

^uakiir, vok born in tho mtrl h of Kn){Und, 
and appears lo bare hn<>n n Inhonriiit; man. 
In ItVjfhe atttnidtti! the qnsker yearly raeet- 
intf at Balbyin YorkHhir*-, where lie riviidt-d. 
wlien he was couviiiced by the preaching of 
Oeorfp;FoXf and, joining thcFritnds. htMramc 
a mini»l«r. For some timi; he iKvaif to havt' 
atlAcbed himself to Fox, with whom herisitcd 
SwarthmoTC in 10-j2. Duhn){ Ibia year ht< 
intt-rriiiitnd u (^onjifregation at a vhnrch in or 
near Wakeiitdd, but was ponnitt«d to leave 
wilbuiil mulmlalion. In I0&& ho waa put. 
our >if a ohurrh in WoToesl>*r fnr nakin|< n 
{|u«elJon of liicbard Ba\ti.T, who was prwcb- 
ing, and in the .lanie yruvr ■»».« impriitono'l nt 
Banbury for not raicin); his bat lo ihr mayor. 
Ha voa oQer«d his r«leu« tf be would pay the 



gaoltir'B foae, which he reftued to do oo lh« 
ground thai hi« imnnMoniDfiit n-nv illi-galj 
when be woaoftered ine oath <ir , lUis 

nn hitd^'cliiiiut; to take it w:i > <1 

fin.vin for six mt>nt)i.s. Ttie tMiit-r fAtt at hi* 
ife was »pent in ministerial journeys. Itv 
died in tin; nari»h of St. Thoman Api)«tl< 
London, on ^ Juuu lOGO, of fwer. 
anya he ' was a man of notable ki^*,' and be 
was eurtainly one of the mo«t cloqut^nt, 
patient, and ^ucceMful of the early (pialier 
miniat«r8. He wrote a very larse number df j 
tract f, which piijoywla vido poptdartty during i 
lis lifetime, hut hi* wnrki have never be«u 
collected. The chiuf aw: 1. 'A WiwoviTjJ 
of Tnicb and FalwhocHl, iliiwovrnHl bv Ih4 
Light of Ood in the Inward Pkrifl.'&c., loos' 
2. •The Generall Goo.1, 1*> all IV^pI-,' &C- 
'with God's cnvt-nnniing with hiit penplej 
IthV). 3. 'An Eaxter Keckoninff, or a Fr 
will OiTerinff,' Sec. (part by Thoma* AdArafi))3 
IiIA:). t. '(..itrht Ul*,'nou(ofl'arkiifMNowin 
these Latter Days.' 1 1153, 5. ' Tr iit b Cl«ired of_ 
8caudaLs,orTruth lifting up it:* Itt-ad abov«' 
Scandal*,***^, l'^'**- »■ 'The Kanlem'l'r 
cipW,' 16,V>. 7. ' Wi(chcmf) ca^t out 
tlu- n-ligiouK wmd and Innu-l of (3ik],' 165 
ft. • The Broxen aerpunt lifted up on bi^l 
IGUrt. 9. ' .\ntichru<t's Man of War, appn 
heude<l and e-iirountereil withal by a Sonldc 
of the Annie of the Lamb,' Sx., I(t5' 
10. 'The Holy .Scriptures from Scandal 
cleared,' IW55. 11. 'Tho I'urc l^n^ace 
the Spirit of Truth.' la. ' A True TertiJ 
monv a^aiiwt the Fopo'* Wage*,' ic, l&'Hl 
18. 'UhriatiauTolleration,ortiinipWandsiaffM 
to mei?t iipun the Account of Itebgiui, rswlj 
to Wiwship,' Ac, 10(14. 

[Sowel's Ilisi uf tba Biw, &c. of iba Society 
Qf Fi-icudi, eJ. Ifl33.i. IIP, ii. 338: Bmm's .Saf. 
ferinBS, i. ABi. it. 8U ; Wale'* l**t IWimiay nf ] 
Rii^hanl Kaniwonh, 1867; Pos'i Atiiob)i>itr4phytj 
e>l. 17S&. pp. 118. ViM. 180: Kmith's Cm. < 
KriMda' Uooka. i. M&-93 ■ Uou^tVs Hial.of tl 
Qiinkon, i. 2SS; Tuke'i' Itirigmpbical Mmnotl 
of rJociuly of Friends, vol. ii.) A. C. B. 

FAKQUHAR, Sib AUTIIUK (11/: 

lt*43 1, rt^ar-ndmiral, n younger son of iio\wl 
Farouhar of N\*wlisl1, Kincanlioeqluri.', i^t 
tered llie navy in 1787 on ImwkI thi' Ijaw« 
tuft, and. after ser^'ing in sereralothf-rshij 
iiKi^llvxii (hehAU(>«l«tion,nnd having I 
his enumination, entered on board an. 
India Compniiy''! ship, fie hod 
bowovi'r, arrivHi in India whon nvw« a) 
war with France led liira to enlrr on Ix»af 
the lloburt nloiip, whenci' he wns remoi 
to the H«;:bhip, and in Ajiril 1708 wna pn»- 
uioted to bo lieiiteaant. Oi: hi^ r:'liim |u 
Kugland at Sr<t li-'utvnarit -line, 

bewaa employed in various >l '^ uutst 



MeditemuieaD, JUItic, and North Si* stfl- 
tjonfl, nntil protDoicd to bt; comnundcT on 
29 April 1803- in January latU he WMUp- 

rainted 10 thv Aclicri'u )MDib,ind uii 4 FcD. 
80fi htdaa, in (-ompiiD^ with the Arrow 
k1«o|i, in cbarge of convoy, tt&s captured by 
two Isrifv Firnch frigalt-it, nfti-r a defenL-w 
tliW will! rightly pnaounred by the court- 
martial (2S Slarcb 1?05) tg b^ ' liigbly nurri- 
toriona and cJn»«'rving imitHltori ' [m*^ Vis- 
aB5T, KiCiiABD Jttiuti]. I'arqubu wasmosi 
boaourably aca<iill«<r, nnd rlit> pr«sid>*nt. of 
Um court, ^r Kicbanl Bick«rtriii, aa he re- 
turasd bi« aword, exprwaed • hope that hv 
nuglit Booa be called 00 to ncrro in a ship in 
vfaich bo nufhl mMl liis nptor on caorv 
Mual temts : • the result of tbf contest,' he 
•udDd, ' may Ik- muni lucrative 10 you, but it 
cannot l* nn're houourohle.' A few days 
\Uer, 8 April, Farquhar was adrancvd U> 
post rank ; neftft'Twiiniji wn* prft*iTit«'d Willi 
A sworl, valm' lOW., by the Pntnotic Fund, 
and by the mpirhant* of MsIIji with a pi^cm 
of platu and wmjilinM-ntar^- li-tlar, 19 SeiJt. 
1808. Prom 1»J« to l!J09 ha c-immaodijd 
the Ariadm' of 'Hi ffrnin in the [ttiliic And 
North 8ea. durin); which lime he captured 
•oreral pnvtitt-erH, Freiicliand Llaniitli. From 
IdOO to 1S14 hv comnuindi-d llic IK'tirft' fri- 
gal* ill the North Sva, captured many pn- 
Tateem, gnnhonia, und Bnn«I wsmU, oiid was 
Besior naval oHicvr in thn opi*ratiou9 in the 
W'i>*T. the Ems, and the EIIm? in 1S13, ciil- 
miaalia); in the captiiri' of Gl>i<*kNtad( un 
5 Jan, 18U. For ine^ important s!-rvinee 
FMi]Ubar was made a kniffiit of Ibv Bword of 
Sweilen, and also of ihL^ Ilannwrian f]ut>1phir 
_qrdvr. la 1>^1*» hf wo* made a C.B., and in 
il«ml»r I ><17 receiTud t he freedom of Abw^ 
_ From Sfny 1811 to April ISlti hn 

eommaudiid (hi; Liverpool of 40 giiim at the 
Cape of 0<M>l llop^, and from l)^ to 1833 
the Dlanvho in th« \\m Indte«, with a broad 
pennant., am) for hiii •terricea th«r» during a 
rerolt nf the nofp^x-o iw.-ciri'd a vot« uf thonJu 
frnm tbn II<iii«' iif Aniu'itihly of Jamnica, a 
r*. ' ' ■ !u I ut Iffli/.. Hnd a ]>ifOL> of plati* 
fri L hantx. I.>ii hi« n-liini hoini! he 

Wi lU' bAcam<' a rear-admiral in 

1*^ i no fiirthiT w.'nire, and di«i at 

hi in AbprdiTn^hin-^on SOct.lJtU, 

Hoy. Nnr, Hii'g. IT. (rpl. il. pL ii.) 

m 

L. 



V^j - ow. :,ltg. I8IS, roj. ocxii. pt. ii. p.5jl4.J 



FARQOtTAR, CEonnK (ifi-g-i:o;>, 

_drnnisltBi, l«>rn ut I>i<ii<l<>ndi?rry in 1078, u 
"~ " ' in luive hi-*n ihi* ann of n dean of .\r- 
j;hi nrof a pwir clcrf^ymnn with a livinjf of 
lew. I Tear anil wvcnohililrrn. Tht-rr wii.t nn 
daao of Armagh of Uie luutw. A Julm Far- 



quha^wa.'iprpbendaryo^Itap)lo^llctwcenl6S7 
and in7d, and may possibly have been bis 
father. Ho was edticat<>d at Londonderry, 
and on 17 July 1094 was entered as a itizar la 
Trinity College, Dublin. The livea arvi all 
vagud, but be probably pruferrcd the tbeatra 
to the lecture-nmni. A slory ut told titat li» 
was expt'ili-d been use, on beinff sot to write oa 
ttxerciM upon thn mincie of walking on the 
water, he made a profane iet>l alKiul ' n man 
who ifi boru to be hangeo.' It ia staled by 
tun mo«t authoritntim bioi^phvr (^Thorna* 
Wilkes) that he left cfdle^>, in 14)06, on oc- 
cnint of the di?«th of hi« patron, Itbhop 
U'iwman of Dromorc, and became corrector 
of tlw prms. In any oaae he took to tbs 
Dublin Ataee and appcAred aa Otbello. He 
is said to HnTe actou well, though his voice 
was thin and ho suffered from'siage fricbt.' 
While performing Ouyomar in Diyden's 
' Indian ICmpeiv>r' he accidwitAlly MabbMd a 
fuUow-acIor. The mau'ti life was endangered, 
and Fnn^ohar wmj* iui aluxTked that be gave 
lip acting. Wilke3, whose acqusintftnce be 
hud made tn Dublin, adviBed aim to write 
B catnbij, and gave him ten guioeiis, witb 
which ho went to London, apparently, in 
1697 or ItW8, in which year M ilkes binuelf 
nititrned to Kuglaiid. Aiti Gr«t play. ' Love 
anil ■ BoUle," was produceMl al l)niry l^nu 
in low and 'n-ell n^^i'ivud. In l&M, while 
dining at the Mitiv Tuv>?to, in .^I. .TamutiV 
Mfiiket, h" heard AnneOld6eld,niMie of the 
ha«lei!», thfn agwl 16, read the 'Scornful 
I.ady' 'behind thi^ bar.' Fanjuliar's admi- 
ration of her performance was reported to 
Vnnhnigh, by wbom ahe was introdnoMi to 
Rich and engaged at nn BdreM (KueRTOK, 
.\fem. of Ante Of'/firM, n^ 77 1. She won 
ftftommrds intimato with Tarquhar, and i» 
uid to be the * IVnelope' of bi« leilvn. In 
1700 Farquliar produced the ' ('on.*! an I 
Coiiplv.' It iM founded up<jn the ' Adventures 
of Covent Garden,' in imitation of fVrarrnn'a 
' City llonuinee ' published in 16JH). J^gh 
flunt poinla out that thin was written by 
FaninharUimpelf. and contains a [loem, 'Tlift 
iyivcr'K Ni^hi,' ari^rwards published in bia 
' Miscellaiiicit.' Tlie ' C<.>niitant Couple ' ift 
uid to have been acted tiftv^threo timiii in 
London and twenty-three in^ublin. Maione 
lowers the first number to etuhti-en or t wenty. 
He udda that Farouhar had thn-e bmiefits. 
The ereat luccetts iixl to tbn production of 
' Sir Harry Wildair,' a weaker cout in nation. 
In 17(VJ he pahlifihed ' I>ovl- and Buiunrju ; 
in A oillfCtiijn of ot^Akiounrv verm.* and epi- 
stolary pmse; not hitherto published, A 
nitcourse likewiiw upon Comeoy, in refurenca 
to tho Kiigli.<h atage.' Tlie umu year, ac- 
cording to WiUtei, ibe Earl of Urreiy gvn 



him a lieiJt«naul'a cuBuniBsioo. Other us 
coUDle plwf tliis iMriinr. He wiw in Hol- 
luid,u«ppeanfronibifilettf<rH,in 1700,and, 
it is ^nenlly suejrMted, ud mi)itiir>' duty. 
Il« wiu OGcosiDiialiyon frCTTic in th« country. 
Tliu * l{«cniitiDg Officer ' is dedicated to ' uU 
frieada muiid tlii> Wrckbi.' A lMt«r to 
BislwpForcv, bound up iu Uaalewood's cnpy 
of Jaoob'ii ' t'oetical Beaiater ' in th« BHiisL 
iloavum, mentions ao old Udy irho in l?6.t 
rememburod to luiv« ueC liim >ii a rucruiunjc 
jurty Bt Sbrewebury, About 170;j Faiquliar 
uumed. Tbo Hiory is llut a lady tvll iu 
]orw with liinj, and won biu fur her huslmiid 
by protesaiug U> be an beiresB. Il is furtbvr 
slalwd t)i«l upon diacov6nn|{ (h» trirk In; 
never upbmidMl hnr, and alwaye Ireaind her 
with theuliuoHt kiadiii!«ia. In 170-1 )ipTiHt«d 
Dublin and appoart'd on Sir IfaiTf Wildair 
at tii» own b«uefil. lie faded as an actor, 
bat cleared lOOL lie continued to produco 
playit. tliD tao«t euoctWflful biijust tbu ' Iti:- 
criiittiig Uffic«f,' wliich wail pfrfurcned in 
1700, and bis ' la^t and bust,' ■ Tbu IleauV 
Stratagvm,' in 1707. In tlia <k«lirntioii of 
the ' Itecniitin^ Officer ' he cnlU the Duke 
of OrmoadQ bis ' c^nernl * and tbe I'^rl of 
Otpctt hill 'colonel.' Hti vns in dilliciiltitr)!, 
and tlie Duke of Onsonds advised biui. it is 
said, to«4-ll bi^commiAMon in order to pay his 
debl«, promising to^'ivohtiu acttpiaiucv. Mv 
art«d upon the advice, but tbe dulce failed to 
fulfil bit ur\)mise or made dolaTS. Faraubar 
felt the biuw so keenly tbat ha aickenea and 
divd in April 1707. It ia added that be 
wrot« his la»l pUv in six wwks durinu a 

* spttled illnena.' A letter to hifl IVif^nd WilkeJi 
vras foaod nmouf; bis papere ; ' Dear Bob, — 
I huvA not fttiTtiiinfr to iHav lbM> to n(>r* 
iKtuate my inamory but two helpline nrlit. 
Look upon tbeoi sometimea, and thiiHc of 
him tbaC wsa, to the lust mancnt of hii* life, 
tbioa, Oeor^ Farquliar.' Wilkes is snid to 
hftve acknovrladgod the claim, and to have 
pnKured a beiieni for each of the daugbtvrs 
whon ther were of ace to be 'put oat into 
tbu vorbf.' Tliu widow, bovrcwr, died in 
great poverty ; oac. nf tbe daughters married 
a poor lnidt.'«man uiid died »ooa af^er: the 
ottirr waK living in portTty, iinr>dacntfil iind 
iffnoranl of her Other's fitme, in 170J. Kiugb 
Ilunt s&yii itdoes not aj>r>?ar oti what autho- 
rity, that ahe wu a * niatdMrfant.' Fdniuiid 
Cbaloner, to whom Farquliar dcdicatml bia 

* Miscellanie*.' is said to have procured a 
penaion of 20JL for tbo daugbten. A poem 
called ' Barcelona,' upm Lord i'etwrborough's 
capluru of thQ town, xif mentioned in tho 

* itioflrapbia llritannica,' and the dinlicHtion 
bv • Margnrul FarquUar,' the widow, ia quoted. 
Thure ia no copy m tbu Brilinh Musvuiu. 



Farr]uhar dnacribea hinwelf in Ihn ' Mi«-] 
ceUaaie*,' insisting chiefly upon his ttsay-^ 
^oii^f and diffident temperament, and osaerl- 
iuff that be is bubitualJy niclancholr. ' rwy , 
splenel ic, and yet very mnorous.* Such sel^l 
portraiture im not very irustwortby. As boj 
a]>peia» in his work he i* thtimiMt attraetlTe, 
us tie if Ibn la«it. of tin* t^hivil generally asso- ' 
eiale*) with CongMve: fiJI of real gaiety, 
and a trentlcman in 6pite of reekleMneM ana 
au airecUlion of the fashionable tone of 
monkls. Without the keen wit or the sar- 
donic force of his rivals, he has more genainw 
hij^b apirit« and good luitiire. The intlilary i 
cH!on»t in tbe ' Recraitin^ Officer ' are all iu- 1 
(en«tin|t sketches from lif". His comediMlj 
arv: 1. 'I>ive and a BoiriB,* 1609. 2. 'Ai 
I'onstaut fouple,' end ofc" tHW. S. 'Hirl 
llany Wildair,' 1701 (puhliahed in May 
1701 1. 4. ' The Incoostaul, or the Way tn \ 
win him; 1702. 6. ' The Twin Hivol*.' 
17 Dec. 1702. 6. 'The Sla^fe Coach,' farcoj 
in one art {with Mnlteux), a Feb. l7lU. 
7. 'The Recruiting Officer.' B April I70tf. 
y. 'The Beaux' Stratnipim,' 8 Mardi 1707. 

[VitgiM and uamtiifiiCTorv lirn of Fanjubar 
w*r« pnillxal tn rditioni at hit works ID 1728, 
\H2. and 1772; a m<n« ntJsrnclorj lifs by 
1'honMN Willc(« (a relation ef tho actir. soa 
Oarrick'sCorr.ii. 171-8)tothe Dnt>hneditiou of, 
I77S : M« also Heiuoirs of Wilki.», b? Dsniolj 
O'Bryan, 1732, and Life of Wilkus(rub1islie(l byj 
Curll). 1733; Chrtvoo-Vs Uiatory nf th'> SlA(Eaj 
(1716). pp. US-U; Jacob's PcMiiiaa Ro>{'»i«r,I 
I. 98, ii. 204 : Eftrton's 3Iei>ioini of Ma. Old* 
QeUOTSl), pp. 69, 77; Umik- Itrit.; Uiiib Hiiul'*^ 
lifn prrUxod to Works nf rt'vdierl«y, Con(fiie«, 
Farqalutr, and Vaabruzhi benest's UiBiorr of 
tho.S(A«ei Cibber's Lives of tbe PcMtSiiiJ. 124 
13T: WiinV Wriien of iKtand.} L. 8. 

FABQDHAB, JOJIS (l7fi!-lft9rtK mil-1 
Iionaire,was bom in l7ol of humble parvntsj 
at Bilbo, pariah of Crimond, Aberdtw^nsbire. 
In early life bo went to India aa endei in th'i i 
Bombay eetaUishmenL, but sooti nAur bia^j 
arrival DM.'nivt'cl u ilmii^roufi wound in thftj 
hip, which seriooaly adect«d his heullb, tind ' 
also occasioned a laroenfus incapucilaliu^| 
him for military (wrripc. He movwl for the' 
sake of hiA health to Bentriil, iiml iH-cnta' 
there A frw; merchmit. In hia leisure b^. I 
ntnused hinwelf with chemical exp"ri moots, 
and the practical knowliyl^^ of c-bcini.-ttr^ i 
tbiifi aequin^d accidentally led to the no(iuin-| 
tiua of a fortune. The ffun|>owderiDanulac-l 
lured at Pultah in the iniciior haviue beea.| 
found iiusntisfncLory, Fiin{uhar was siHect«d| 
by (leneral (nftorwards iManjuiw') Coruwallif, f 
then (TOTemor-gwieml of Ifc-ngul, lo ih^uirr" 
into tlie maner and render his as«iataooe. 
Thi» pfored so valuable that hti was mado 



Farqunar 



*«3 



Farquhar 



. Ill i-uv iiiuuj?. On landing 
tie IB MJd to liBVe wallied Ui 



» 



iiujndatit lit tbn fselorv, and ultUnalvly 
soitt coatraotor to ilut ||^>Vf>nimi!nt. 
In enwgy and ability soon ll(^llli^*^i fur 
bin both wvalllj nni) iiiniii,-tic<s ami li« won 
tti4 diHvial confidencfl and fa.TOiir of Warrcu 

WlioTi, aftAF rMurliinc middln Hfo, Farqubar 
ntumod to Koglaiid, oe posaesBed a forlunu 
of about balf a million, invcirtcd by hia 
battkf r. Mr. Hn«R>, in ihv fiincU. 
al Qrawfond 
Loadon in ordn to mtu coach hire, arid nr- 
ri^edat lii»b«iik«r'<iiLocoveivd wiiiidii^t and 
»<<iioorlyclail that the clerks allowed him to 
M^l ill iltu c&i^ti utlicv tilllloiLTuucviiJcntally 
" 1 througli, and wiw with aoaw diliifully 
" d to rwogtiiijo him. l'ur<iubar look 
upbu rvsidunci* lu [uipi*r Itiiki'rSlri.til.I''^'^ 
BUS Square. His soli' attendant was an old 
K'omui, and the hoiiM aoon bocstav <-on»pi- 
cnoiut for ita ncplect«d ftppearnncft. His own 
apATtmoat it oaid to have bwa kept ucred 
eren from her intrusion; but the tradition that 
odtberbriubDorbroumwa^fviTapplwdtoitia 
prubably an exaffgeration. IJewaAoflantaken 
uralwggiiriotuoinreet. At iheRimu tii&t- li>; 
waa priouely iii charitablw c<>atribiiliutis. llt> 
bMftnfe! a partner in tho gtva-t afency houm 
of naa^vt, Fanjiiliur, & Co, in tW city, and 
pURihiued a share in th«\faniou.4 brewery nf 
Whitbrmd. II16 woaltli, as it nccumulat^d, 
waadevot«(l partly to t he Inl^^ha>o of <rHtat<-:i, 
but tbegmler pro {loniotiwaa invested ill the 
funda and allon-M to inctvase. lu lsi>^ he 
puabued K<)nthiU Abbev trota William 
B«skford (];4»-l*M) [o.'vO for 3ao,000/., 
and ha occaj^ionally n>siucd thoru unlil the 
fall uf Ibi? louvr in Ih'Ci'mbMr IH'Jfi, Hhurtly 
after which ho solil ihe e^tatt-. ThouRh pt^nu- 
riouA in bi« iwreonal habiti he wac food of 
nttvoiding Ml«a, aiid wan a kt-cn biddiir fur 
any objiv:i that etmck iiia fancy. Notwith- 
slandintf bt* idio»yncr«i>i'H« hix manners wvnt 
nfDible a»d plMoant. Bl«i(l(^A having a spe- 
ci'>' ' ' ' \e of c'bem)»try ht) was an ac- 
ec'i : icMMl;tr)io]ar,andaL«ODxecUed 

inui.i>u-riij^LiciJandm«ohanio», lliiir<*lii;>'3us 
bnliefd were modifiod by his atronj; admim- 
uou of the moral sretom of thu JJnhmiui!. 
Hf iriahed to expend ]lfO,000/. ti^r tho fiiitri> 
dation of a collcv*^ in Alwrdoen, with a ro- 
•cr^-BLiiintDri^rd t<>n^ii;(ion; tml iinaccnutit. 
of k di0ieutly about parliaineniary MUictvon 
tbi' Achouir wiu not carni:<il oui. llo died 
•iiddiuilynf apit|ili*xy ou (IJuIy Jr^2il. Ilia 
wt>alLh auuuiiti.-d to about a midion and a 
liatf. and »' )ii< bad loft uo will il. wa« dividtHl 
■ID v.in ncpbeirvaud niooea. 

T.-ii i>t. <i. 3P) ; Cbaoibm'* Bio^ 
1)' 'iioBn,9(L TlMUiton.tt. 4-J; 

Al SnUon.] T. F. D. 




FABQUHAR, Sm ROBERT TOWXS- 
KNU { l77»-lwaU), fMililiciaii, «-.-<.nd *on of 
Sir Walter Farquhar [q. y.], n well-known 
Iibyiiitfiait. wa« bom II tk-t." 177*3. Shortly 
after attaining hU mitjorliy hfi waitappoiutM 
tximiiK'rcinl n»»id(,'iil at A«nbt>jTia, aud after 
holdinjEf tbi^ p^'-^t for »!v>'ral yrurs he ww 
named Ueutenant-^vernor of I'ulo Penan^. 
Ai tlw' pcrtcc of Amit-ns 111 1^0:; hv waa ap- 
jKHnt^'droinmi.iAionttrfiiradjii^tinffthcDritisb 
claims iu tho Moliiccaa, uiid for the tnius- 
fi^ffnco of thosu inlands to tbt.< italnviaii i{»- 
nubli<T. In l!SU7 h« publi$lii-d '.Siicgt-ELioos 
tor Countoractinjirany Iiijiirioits |-^lii>clx ii|Hia 
lhl^ I'opubitiuii of Ihi; West India Colonioa 
from the Abolition of lb.r Slavi- Tra<iR.' Tb« 
wriliT furmulalud u scheme for supiiivinG: thrt 
deinaiiiU of tin- colttnivj* with ngncultural 
Isbourt^rs, cliiefly by the eDOurn^'mtnt of 
ib>- Chinesw [o extend their miorat ion to the 
Vk'c»x Imiiihs, the cxpcngii to be m<^t eitJter 
by the wealthy planlei-H or the irovwnuieut. 
In ldl2 Farquhar was nppoinlfid governor 
and commander- in-chiH of tho taland of 
Jtfauritiud. lie drew up a chart of Mada- 
L'li^ieaT and the norlbi-astcrn anrhijxdo^ of 
3liioritiua, and in iiu>uiii|{ tbi» I'biirt to tho 
jiiiblic anticlp3l>:d the discoveries of a later 

K-riiid by drawing nll<>nlion to new fields for 
rififih trade, lledhowed the ne«><]«4ity which 
exist v<l for ' |ionviratin); into the great ooun- 
trii'A of thr- Moumbiqun channel and tha 
east coRst of Afiriea.' Durins biii^tay in the 
Maiiritinit, Farquhar mad« determined and 
^uoct^ful dUittU to trrapplv with ihtt i>vila 
of the slave trade. The traffic was rarri«<d 
un, not by th<j rc-spt>ctabk< inhabitants, hut 
by a nnmUrr of rrvnrh advi'nttircnt, coQ- 
wmed in privatoerinff. Fonjuhnr (00k vig&. 
nius mtmvur^-a to put an cud to the tmme, 
and coiichldi-d tn'ati>!]> with lEaiUmn, prinoe 
of Madotiascur, and tho Imauni of .SniKCkt. 
Tbiuw tnratii« ts-vre HTUpuloUily obaerreda 
and tlie »lavc trade was avenluaUy aup- 
pTDsasd inth»MauntiuB,thoiicbilcontiuuiHl 
to be carried on in the ikIv of Bourbon. F&r- 
q^uhor resigned Ihe government of the .Mau- 
ritius in iH^d, and 00 the voyage hom» 
viaiU'd Mnda^^uear, to taku Utre of tbe 
chiefs. He wu received with great cnn»- 
mony, and Ihouaaodaof thsiiaCiTca frum the 
int<;rior brought fn-o-will |>i-acD>«>B«riiigs, as 
a rvco^nilion of the cflbrta of the ex-ffonrrnor 
in Wbalf of Iho iintivw po|nilatinii. t'pim his 
return to Engbtnd, Funiuliar vm cWtivl to 
parliatuent in 1^2^* for the borough ofNewtuu 
in Laitcaahire. In INtfti hewaa rt<turiiL-d for 
llytbe, and this constituency bi^ continued 
lo reprr^ent until his death on Itt blanch 
1630. I'arquhar, who was a dini-tor of (he 
East India Cumpaiiy, was created a ban>n«t 



Farquhar 



4V4 



•arquharson 



in 1^1. Ho murritKl in 1809 n daughter nf 
J. FraiieU -Louis Latour, ««)., of Mndriu, 
uul wus i!ucc^*4liid bv Lii* buo, WuIilt Minio 
I'Mntuhor, M.l*. for ll«ilfonl, wtxi «ii8 bum 
art ftei. 1809, mduaied at Chri&t Chun-h.Cis- 
forcl.andtliwTiSJtine le&lH ViprrKK, Alumm 
Ormi.) 

[G«t. Mag. 1830 : Am. Rtg. 1880.1 

O. B. 8. 

FABQUHAR, Sir WALTER (1738- 
I8IIO1 pbTNcian. born in October 17't8, vaa 
FOD of itie Kt'v. K'lWrt Farquhar. minUlfr of 
Okriocb in Srotlanrl, ant) d^srwnJfd fmin Sir 
Robcn Faniuh*r, knl., ppovitsl of Abardet'n 
in \&iQ. lif vi''>-o Mluc«t'-[l fin>t nt Kind's 
Collegf!, Aberdepn, w-hor\> he remainwl fuur 
yeara, &»(J t«>ok (he liiffr^eof M.A. ITtfrcht* 
also eoinmenc€>(l the fttudr nfmtvlicinc under 
Dr. Oregon,', but left in ("fiUforl'^inlMirgh, 
w1i«r6, AK Wf'l! nil at Glasffoir, hi' continued 
liifl medical ct udie«. 'Without gnu) uuiin^ in 
medicine FnTtjubiir cntprcd ihc army medical 
Kinict>,bciii)(iip^iuU*d lotbv Ifthn-^iUk^ut, 
and took pnrt in lx>rd Howf'a (expedition 
a^inat B<>11p I&Id in 1761. Hu regiment 
IwitiK aJIrnvardH HlittionHl for a lo'iu timv 
at Oihrnltar, hf obtain^ Wvo of annenre, 
and spent nvarty » j-i'nr and 11 half in France, 
atTcnoin); t.lur boHpiut.s nl I'arin and else- 
wheru. For t^-veral njoorbs h»« livwJ with 
and »ludied under (.'liiiide \i(Yilait 1ft Cat, a 
cf liiliratt'd aiiutomitt and surgeon at itouen. 
Fnri|iihar returned to Gibraltar, bnt ton- 
eidisrat iiitu of hoidili led him to l«av~u tbu 
army and eettle in London, wLero he com- 
nuMi'ced imciictt as an u[>otticcar>-. In tliiit 
ht wail viry buceesafwl, and his practice 
gnulunllr be«amu that of a ptiVNcian. After 
nbtauuDg the degree of M.l>. frum Abi^dccn, 
S9 Jan. 179B, Iw waa ndmitti-d fullotr of 
ihu Oollt>Kt> of I'liyaiciantt vf Edinburgh. 
S May 17w, and Ucentiatn of llic* IjOndiiii 
Cnlltye, 30 Sept. in the Eame \oar (Munk, 
t\)H. '/rfiyf. 11*78, ii.4lM>. ifewiwcrenl^-d 
a baronet I Marrb 17fKt. and being ^liortly 
aftfrwanU appointed phyKicinn in ordinary 
to iho Prince of Wale*, ho rapidly took a 
liigb placu in the profewion, aad lura among 
hia paticnta mauv porM>ni> of rank and influ- 
ence. In iHiy hv imrtially withdri'W frtun 
pT«rtict',and died on 3U March IHIO m Lon- 
don. 

Farquhar was consid^rMl a verv able ntid 
fli)ec««Kful physidan, wbilu bis hig^ personal 
character won aad iu.^riiivd for faim many 
friend:^, lint be in noi kiiown to have made any 
COnlribiitionA to medical •tienej' or Utxrature. 
lliaportniit, by H, RftphMm,WR=i engroTcd by 
W.Sbarp. lie married in 1771 Ann, widow 
of Dr. llarvie, a pbyHietan, and <)aiighl<tr of 
Alexander StepheosonofBarbftdoea, by whom 



he liift a family. II is M>coad aon wa« Bit 
KoUfft Townacnd Farqulmr Fq. v.], gnroRi« 
and (vimnnindor-in-chiifr of the Mniinliua, 

[Aatbcntii: MnniAra of Piiniciani and 8ur-1 
gM>U!t. ifnil ed. 1818, Foater'a Barofwiasc. ISRIi 
llptliitin'ii BiiDDRtiigo.J J. F. p. 

rARQUHABSON, JAMP;S (1781- 
184.S), seientilio writer, wn of Jobu Far-j 
mikiir>on, eieise officer at CowH, AU-rdw-n-J 
shirt-, waa bom in thuf Mri*h in 1781. Aftm 
attending the parochial s(.-bi<ol at Coull h( 

EroceMcd toKmg'a College, Aberdeen, wheiw 
e gmduattid M.A. in 1796, and in the »roB 
ycu* was appoinlfid Achoolraaalorof Alford, 
Abvrdooncbitv. Ue aoon afterwards com- 
menced Ilia conrMU aa a Atud^nt of theologj, 
and received license a.'i a pn^acher. On 1 7 Sept. 
1 R t R lie wac ordained minister of Alford. Il la j 
Icburewaa devoted la theological and scien- 
ti6c study. .\s a oteteorolugiiit bin nttaiti- 
ments wiTe of a high order. lie was aUa 
well skilled in botauy, chemistry, loulogy, 
and the kindred branches. Living iu a rnrul 
parinb, he was enabled to give opccial atten- 
tion to agriculture. In ItiiAI he publiKhed b, 
learned and ingenjoiui nssaj, 'On the Fnrm 
of Ihtt Ark of N(»h." Tbia was followed by 
annthertrealise in which he gare an acroitnt 
of tbt^ nnimnls de»igualed in the Old Te^ia- 
ment hy ih^ names of L«Tinthan and Itehe- 
moth. In I8:S8 be publisluid at London * A 
\ewlllilii1nitionof tile Latter Fan of Daniel'sJ 
Lout Vi^on and P^)pb<.-<'y,' 4iii. Ht> d1m»' 
COmmiinienl'-d serentl valunble papem to th^ 
'PliiliiBopbicul Trauf^BCtiotut' of the Ruyol 
Soeietv. Of tbeoe aoai«> are tm thn iiumnt 
boreallf, the appenmncea of whirh he studiett 
clowlv for many TL'ars. In 1823 hi- pnb-j 
tished in the' ICdinbiirgh lliiloMiphtcal Jour-I 
mil ' a far mor*.' accurate deecription of tlio [ 
annira than hod previoitdy ap]>eiire<d ; nnd in] 
Xhv ' Pbilosophitil Tmnan'ctionfl ' for 1829 h«j 
rviiillrnied litk vievrs by new observations— ! 
fthf'wing that the nrrangeuKfnt and progre**! 
of its nrche" and streamer* are e'tactly di?ft-j 
niTe in rehitioti to the lini^ of the earth'*] 
magnetism, and thai there c.xi»t »uoli cloa*! 
relations between the etfeamcr^ and arehr^i 
as lo prove that tht.-y ar«i in fact ibe samd | 
phenomenon. Ue also inferrwd, froui bin i 
olwrrva'iou^, ibal iho elevation of the auror 
ia far le«a than had hnen gfmerolly )>up]>o«ed| 
being oonltnad to altitudes not extending fnrl 
beyond the regiou of tho clonds; and in a-] 
tiaper in the ' Philn»i>pliical IVansactkiiia ' h 
I80O, b).>side» detailioff new prooft of its it 
timat« connection with the mm^etie uerdle^l 
he showed thai it was prodiicid bv th^?d(^-J 
Tcbipment ol" electricity by the cintir-nwit ion I 
of watery vapour. In the volume for lS2£k| 



•arquharson 



32$ 



•arr 



ran 

In tW voliiiut' tor ' 
vlttrh wi'-itii«f>il 
■•iir.' .1 , H 

IMI f . ' ' I . < 1 

niii}! w'lii'.T 111 III'..' 



P 



Iw rbVW a fjmtnrirtoal tn''iuiirpmL>at of in 
aamni, •'■!>■• nf »li>' fim ntl<-tnptc(l. wliicti 
ilmii a tDiIti, and*bow«d 
tiiiMiIltltHi-fiftliccloud* 
I ■ rvji niirora 

i ami lofly 

I ■ .it Uiultoti.ouiof run- 
■ i'tiilosopbical Ttwwbc- 
tiQD« ' frjT I8^t. J-'nriiiihareun PspUincd tliis 
'phmfiiucnna, olrvaity flisriuwe"! by Ani)n> ■"d 
itllirtv, tiv iV' mdiinion uriiealfrnm tbf liot- 
ttini of l&p *tr««iu o(ii)lin(r itn liwl, iin<l.-r wr- 
tain cnndJ!i<iDg. man* ijuirlily llion iho wfilcr 
irhicl) i« ll.JwinR over it. To the R(i"F"nl Sf>- 
citJty Farquliftrwrn nljw roinmiintcAtod tbe 
n»«lt» of tlip r^i. iv. r. ,,f t'-inpt-ralun' which 
V krpl for ft " i of yi-ars. This l*d 

hint 10 inv<>si i, r j)jin niiil (tiv^rras yf 

<Tin\'nt» of colder itiid wiirm^r oir moviiitr 
•iVKF th«' fnw yf a flat i-yuiitrv ?iHTouiid(?d by 
lulUfWid tbetr I'lli-clf tijxkn ir-'^'olnlinn. Oiu< 
«f Ills imprra on this li<vd is tbal ' On the 
Na'Mr*< ani] I>x-iilili*-x of H<«r Frost,' which 
wa* i»iihlihh<^ in thf *Tninftiicrinnii' of the 
lli|{iu)in>i nnd Aork-iiliiirttl Sdciely of Scol- 
Uod for ISlO. ThrM- (iiNptUilion» r^yoiii- 
iD'-od*!"] tlu-ir niitlior to the uolicv of many 
orihf Inn'miMt phihwophiTH of ihAiUy. On 
■ia Jan. 1 H30 Uf w s." -li^if^ F.R-S. Tha nni- 
v#nirv uf KinjrV Oiilivr. AlH-nleen.Mmfem'd 
uwnfiif ■' ' - ,.rLL.D.nn25Fpb.IH5T. 
Tno foil ■ lir> liM'aiiMi «i) honDmry 

tnoinbT'-i ., . . i.:f'Kran{-ni!i>-d^Ki))tiHti<]ne 
Tniti-nwlli'. AmDnKhiecorrcCTiondfrntftnvre 
Ua%-ii>a Gilbert, IMLS., Sir Cdwuril Skbinc, 
Sir \S' I limit) Hooli^T. Sirl'svid BfVTralvr.nud 
Runyolhr-n. Fiirqiihr»r«on iiNk fiimiftbrd tin- 
Bn»ii»l of tin- iiari.-.hof Alf'ml fortlicN^'W 
tftatiJtlii-itl Acc'iUTit of SixiiUnd' (xii. 485- 
BiUi. lit ilinl on A Ur.: 18-13. Ry his map- 
riiiK". on iHUct lS:M,lo llt'lru, dausblor of 
Ali^ftn'h>r Taylor, he h^d a fninily of n ve soni 
aud a daufihltT. 
(Ilttir StoHii F».iri Kcd. fiooi. rol, iii, pi. ii, 

SV A17-8; A1>Fn!«>.'n Joiiruiil. 13 I've. Iftl3; 
rnt. Majt- iww icr. xxi. s^i -fi.J u. 1). 

FARQUHARSOX.JOnS (1IKW-I782), 
ttuil. br,rn in thi- vnlliV of Bra/rUMtr, AUt- 
dwiihin-. nn 19 Ajiril (WH*, (.■lllTwl tbo 8o- 
ciKy iif Jfiii* at Toiirnay. He rtiinpIfiMl 
III* tlwMjli-ji^- ni thi'j>c«>tcli Colli'iCf, I>i>iiay, in 
\7tS*. nwl ill IJctobiT llinl yi-ttr lnndi<il nt 
Kdinburuli to fvrre th<< mU^ion. lie wm 
^tAlMU)i-iT at l;<tnirhi:lii«>, Inveni<>»t^iire, 
whvfr Im- Aimiir 1 « tbomob'h litiowli;dj[p of 
Ihoiia. .. UnSFeb. l7aB-*Jhe 

nudr pr ,1 thr- fi'iir vr.wii. About 

174''' br'WHfc tiiki'ii nrisr" 'U'liiniing 

atui niiivrv.-d t<j I < 11 lu lita «a- 

VOU XVUJ. 



r«nlntnl vmtni«fnts. Aflt-r pRdurin^ many 
KuflV'ringH lu- wa,i nwiored to tibcrfy. SuIh 
■(Hjumtly I'j (he suppivesion "f bi» order liu 
IitM pTinoi|Mllv in ih^ taIW of nracmu, 
whero be died on 13 Oct, ir*fiJ. 

Ill- formed an imnu.-n«rcolWlion of Hnplic 
Iiwtr>'. Tb** ori^nal folio niiinuwripl inhiii 
own bandwntiuiJi hednpOAitt-d in 177^ in ibfl 
f>coitfb Ci'tiiyi' at IXniay. InxtOHd, howt^v«r, 
of iitiU>in)fcarf fully pr««vr\'(!d,it wm suflvivl 
to b(.< thrown aside and topcrieh. Tb« whola 
of thv pouma of OKian wr* in this colluc- 
( ion, and oilMr conapositionA not known to 
Muqtbenoa, or, Kt teut, not puUiKbed by 
hiui. 

rOlivefa Jeauit CollMtiaai^ p. 20; LoDdoD 
and Dublin W«ekly Ortfaodoa Juurnal. n. 286; 
Folej'a H«oonl« of Kngli«b l*ro»ii«w of thr So- 
ciaiyckf J«aaB,riL2iA: Oordoa'a Catholic SUasJon 
ID Hoailand, pp. 231. Hi.] T. C 

FAER, SANIEL, M.R (I"41-irit6>, 

ph^'McLan, was bom at Taunli^a, Soni<'rM>l- 
8]ure,in 1741. His purpnle wetv prot««t«Bt 
diMKnti^rw. Hi; Tnuf r<lurjit4-<l fint al tho 
Warrinston Academy, then at Edinburgh, 
nnd finally at Lt-yduu t'niv«>rMty, whrrp Itu 
took the ^lyroe of M.I). ( ITt».'i). Itotuniiug 
to his niiliTi' town be soon ocquin.'d an ex- 
t«-iuive practice aa a pliy^fician, and displayed 
not only groat prat(«tiouiiI kuvwled)^ nnd 
Miund jiid^nwnt, but luniiy ai trarl jve Hocinl 
minlilitMt. Ili'wiuta dilit;i'iiln'ritcr, audpu1>- 
li*li(il M-va^ral ni-dlcal work* tlint wciv hi){hly 
cateempd in ihoirdav. He died al I'pcott, 
nvar Taunt nn, in the houiH.'urMr, John tiHhvr, 
on II March 17(W. 

Hiiipuhliithfd works arv: 1. 'An Esaavon 
th« Mwliwil Virtu.-* of Acid*.' I>^iidon,lVttt>, 
li^mo. 2. ' .\ Pliilrunnhii-ixl Imjiiiry intotbv 
Nature, Origin, and hxtent of Animal il(i- 
tton,dnliin-dfn>nitlu>principlr»of reafeonand 
uniili)f[y,'l.ondon, 1771.8*0. 'i. 'AphonNui 
dt'MarKauioi'XsummisMedidarctilncti/ITTl!, 
12iuo. 4. 'ItK(uiry into tht< Propiicty of 
illooiUlt'tling in ('onBumpiiou,' 177/i, Hvo; 
ai^DEt iht'pniclic"'. &. *'Iue HiHtoryuf Epi- 
dfuiicfi, by [liiijK>cmli-«, in »i>Vi:n lK>oks; 
tranfilntMi into kuffli^ih from thoGrcrk.wilh 
Noles nnd (tlworvntiiuni.'Jic. It, ' .\ I'r^limi- 
nury I>iiu^our«e on tb(^ Natur»> nnd t*tirw of 
InftM-tion,* Loudou, irHl.llo. 7. " Kji-nwnta 
of Mijdioil Jiirijipnidewro,' Ixuidon, l*fM(, 
t*vo; '2n<\ «]ii. ISll, lAuo; a inuiitlat ion frfjtii 
tb« work of l-'a«cdiu>, but with rooaiderable 
a<lditi(itM by till- imnAlaior. 8. ' On tUv Vms 
of<'uMibarid'u in llropuealCi>a]plauil«*(.Vv 
moirt Jffd. ii. l.tL', 1760). 

[ Monk'* Cnll, of Phyn. ; Tgulmia's Bist. ot 
Taiinion ; Watt't Bilil, Knt. : List of LaTiUs 
muUcuU; i)«Dt. JJjsi- 17»5, i. UM.J It. U. 



Fair 



»6 



Fan* 



FABR, WILLIAM 0«)7-I8K8), statU- 
tidao, was Inrn nt Kunlt^^ is SIiru])&liir« od 
SO Nor. IS07. Hi* pHri-nls lieing in bumMv 
ciivtimstancM bt n-iui udoptttd in iiifiiiicy bv 
Mr. Jwupli Pry<"p, Out b^tK-rolont iMjiiire of 
Itorrin^on, near Shrpwsbury, tn wbich liia 
MTSOts had rfrmqved. Tiif t.-orlj iHlucaiiiHi 
Fan <W(V<1 obioflvio him*^lf,niid an hf" grew 
up he unistcd Mr. Pryce in monseioK' bis 
■n&ira. In 1838-6 be •itudic^I medicine witb 
Ih". WelMUtr of S!iTvwfl>iiry, mid act«d us 
drcMer for Mr, Sutt»ii iit ibe Sbrewsbury 
It)fim»i7. His benefactor died, a^ed 90. in 
NoTembvr 1829, Icavioff COOf. for bis furtlicr 
education. Dr. Wobsler l*ft him a similar 
Iwtfacy in 1837, tog«ttM>r with his library'. In 
ISiiO Khit wnnt to Pam to )>tuil^ mixlicini^, 
n>ninintng thflre two j-eani; and during this 
period ho wns firat attract^-d tn Ibn fttidy 
of by^'enii and meflica) fttotisLicu. During a 
Swisa tour he aMeoiblwl a crowd wf cret ins 
at Moniif^njand cxamin<^d tbi'ir brads care- 
fully, takiufT ibf sbapcf <:'f th'*>r headn. lie- 
tnming to Ijondon, Farr stiidi»l at I'niver- 
eily College, and in March 1832 bfciuDO a 
lit^ciitintn of tbi; A[iiithi'('anr"-s' Siicit'ty, ihi? 
onlvquAtificalion he jrainetl br<'X[iniiDati')n. 
In 1843 lie mnrried Miss Lnn^rfonl. n fanrnT'i* 
dftUi;Iit*T,of Pool (Juay, npfir Welshpool, and 
begun lo practi'Mj al ^ Grafton Street, Fitz- 
roy SquBTe. II" offered to eivf. lectures on 
wiint lie ualluii ' liygiolo|jy ,' but does not up- 
]iear lo hiive had any fac(re»*, us the silbjrct 
vas thon totally iiiir.'cOL,'nii"'d ty the tnedi- 
iTal jtf-Iuyilii or lii-cn-iii^; ln-dje-. lli» urticle [ 
on 'Vital Statimicn' in Miwcul loch's 'Ac- 
count of tlic Itritixb Kiaptri*,' 18:17, may bo 
iwiid to haT« laid t!i« foundation of a Ww 
science. lo thf devt'lnpmuat of wUtch hJB awb- 
aoi]uent lifi* won dfvrilcd. .\l)oii1 the >nni<! 
time ho loHt hitt wifi) through ronsuinption, 
and wftR )telec1«d by Sir .luniffl Clnrlc? to rv- 
vUe hii boolt on tlint di*««-*"; and it wa* 
throiiKb Olnrlce'ii influence, nddwl (o his outi ' 
imiwinff rejiultttioii, that in 18-18 Forr ob- 
tained the pijjt of cunipiter of iib»lmcta in ' 
tbi> n>ffi»tnir-«i-n(*ral'« otKco al n stipend of! 
XtOt. pi'-r unniim, and hu ipjvc up medical | 
practice. Thn firnt nnniial rvpnrl nf the nv 
f^iHlTiu-f^ncral cont4iin^ the nrat of Farr'a 
luu2 Hri«a of letters on lh« omusi-m of ili-atb ■ 
in Rng^land. Thftsu have hwia dc.'iCTihe<l aa 
' from first lo laat marked by ibe same locid 
tnnnliallinft of iLe facts, th^ tumo itM.*U>t\y 
command of all tho rcwiiirci's of method and 
num-jricnl inrf«ti^tion, (be same unatTi>ct<."d 
and vijrorous Ktifi^i^h, breakinff mit every 
now and n^iain, wbi-ti ittiinuIaltMl by it clnar 
view of mnii> wide general imt ion, into pas- 
fcagesof great el"qiienc<> and ptim philuu^ 
phy.' Ill 1841 Karr wa» coiwultcd by the 



' census commiMioitPht, hut hia rMooinM'ndii' 
tiouK wiTc not adopted. He was an asAiatancJ 
commiMionttr for Ibi- CMiMiuinK of 1^1 jwctj 
1861, und n rommiasioner in 187), and or 
nach uocasiim his Isboiirst^atlycontrihuted 
tn the iiuoce» of tbt> i?p|iiiuii, alihoagli s^jIua 
of bis su;n7^* i^'"* verv not adopted. Hal 
WTOtf the ffn-Mft part of the reporUou eadaj 
omsus. lli^ rommcuu and aoiilyBes form i 
in many rcvpecis a slatisticai btoiory of ih"! 
people. ITc ww.s Teryinjiicnioii^ ; '.' lirtji 

userulvuilswliicblbureturtu>iii:. lud 

arranging for ibc due collection >>i lii' mitir- 
matiourvquiml; and bismudiciilknowlixlgp, I 
combined with his nkill in inl'ii' *^'"^ nnil ■ 
labiilati'jn and his literary nbil 'im 

of unique viilim in Ibe rn^;- ..-_ .nl'i* 
uSicc. 1Il> wiu not alway.^wcll advUc^ in 
ItoldinfC to bi< opininns in the teelb of Cva- 
tmdicnorj" cvidt-nci-, and hi; wo.i i^nicwhal 
cmlcbi'ly as to modi's of expnitwiiin. ill- v:im<, 
aUo too easily led into supporting scbt^-meA < 
of insumnee tliat prjniiiii»l a gnwl deal, with 
the result of inHicling much pecmiinrv Io«* 
on himftclf uiid others. Lifo tahl'_.s for innir- 
Itnci!piir]io0i!!< nniigeneml ftatislirx wito tvtt 
departments of study which engaired much 
■•f Ilia nlti'Dtioii. He joined the ^latisrticnt 
Society in If^tO, and took n prominent part 
in its procwdinir* for munyyears, having iMeu 
itatri'afimrfrom l^'wto IH6", viconrctident 
in ]8t<y and 1^70, and jtnviident in 1871 and 
18r'i. In 1847 he rcceiTcd the bonormrydi^ 
gre* of M.l>. from New York. In IS^ h^ 
was elected F.K.S, In 1857 be rwftviil tlw 
liononiry D.C.L. from Oxford. In 1^80 h^ 
wan trax<*ll*ilC.H.,iind alw> rvceiv*^ the gold 
medal of tbe British MwUdiI AAAOeiatum. 
When Major Grihatn rptirtti from Ibe ofiiai 
of registrar-tft'iierni in IS"!*, it Iwd li^n(;r>ni^ 
rally ex{iected that Farr would be anpnlnied 
tn !>ucnN»d him. He him»plf desire*! to linhj 
th«' uoHi, if only for a nbort time., although he> 
would have (laiiied little in 9ti|>fiid, for bv 
bfld l/ittcrly boitn nvciving l,10U/. peronuiun. 
(inilu-itppoititiueutbviiitr^fiveutoSirUrydgu* 
Henniker, Farr reaiprned liis p>ist, ll can 
Karcvly Ik- said I hnt he was licst fitted to dis- 
charge ihr iidmiiii<<trativo dutiea of thn t*^ 
gistiar-i^nenilship : he was a fiCiident, mmi*- 
wbnt f'lrjfelfnl and nl>»imt-min(l>-d, rathrr 
than A man of buHine^s tal'^nl-s, So-ui aftrr 
In* ri-tir^im'Tit ))nralysii> of Uie brain set in; 
he diixl of hronchitia on 14 April 1^^ 

Farr was personally very pipular, unwlf- 
isii, and dei'otcd to his work. At honte and 
in society he waa a tafK'L lovabh* cbaractrr, 
of aimple tastes, deli^tiitiug ui givuiit pltHUurw 
to childrvn. ' None who kn^w him mllr 
well.' bavb Mr. Hitmjihn'vi (1. c. p. xxiii}, 
' will over forget the almo.il luagwtic ellWt 



>f his evpT n*«<ly, 'Tv>nlan>H)ini, ibomut;titr 
nrty. oik) mftst miifiiral lanj^h. Throiiffu 
life his capacity for work, and bi« o<im[il«l« 
lUorptinu tbi-n-in, OrtnibinMi with iJiP. ran* 
l>iit iiivaluAbK! mpKcity for putting it uidn 
rhvn ill? Ml hi» ("tudy, wn* Blikt- thf source 
if urtonUlimi^til nnd itdmiruiiDii Ainon^ bis 
Friiiniii'.' Hii> mind wa^ Iitv &ud opon, br 
irnii a wi^i reader, an H<.voiii]>liishi^ liii|.'uit>r, 
luid D pcniiin'j luvtT of I Lf bc*l iirt nnd litt^ra- 
_liir.'. Ilrtoiili It brortdrtiiil libcial rwwof nil 
pocinl and puliiical itnibU-uis. 

Fnrr nMrnod *^« hi> «nwind wifp, in 1842, 

[Miss M. K. WbittnU.who died in 1870. By 

Jber he bad <?i(;hl rbiltln'ii, tiv nf wliOu) sur- 

ITirffd biin.ii ^nn.ll^ oHii-i-r iii the royal navy. 

uuil four [Imiiihit'ra. ltH!'or)> bis deuMi n fiinit 

\ot 1.13L'/. bad bcin ruiwvl in n-onpnifiun nf 

lis w.-niw*. and iuvt.-*t*'d for (be benefit, of 

litfl tliKv unmarried dau^^htrra: nlW Wis 

FdoBlh ^'ovt-mmf^nt rontribuT-d 400/. to tbu 

fund, and il wm inrrva^ed to l,~'Mt. A com- 

nittw nf the StatUticat fHx:k>tv undertook 

to pablieb n sfOvrtion of Fami *tnli>>tic*l 

wnntB, with ^^^. Nfwl A. llumphrpys as edi- 

.tor. This appeapud in 1W*5, under tbo litlB 

[of* Viral Slaii^tio--^.' with a pwlmit of Fnrr. 

Ill ia divt'U>d into flvo part«, dealini; r<?«peo- 

ItireW wiib population, marriagofi, btnb«, 

UiiMabka, and mucellanoouft 8ub> 

liuj oonatituting a ntnndard statistical 

Fair rimtritrut>?<) rnanr pap<>ra to thn ' Ijut- 

from IK'lfi onwanl. In the ■ Britisli 

!Mt«Iii*n] Alnmnn>.'k' tb^'rc npptMred in IBdQ 

1 jt r-hronolnpirnl himory of nuvjif-inn In 145.1, 

["with many nt^tcal and nuciTalitv etuttiitm ; 

in tb^mttnr almanack f<ir Ifvinbismalli-rwas 

fi\-en in a brit'fcr form. ami l>n>ii^bT down lo 
HBW. Mnch of Farr'i work wa* iMiiiid in 
• R^-jwrt* of the Kfpistror-Ofiierul," Ifl.'Jft-Kl. 
(.)UH'rof bis papers Bri-f-ntitUul' I^'ltcrsonlbf 
It'-aiiwtonipiithin Fnfrlttnd:' ' Slodi^tlGiiid^ 
-to>'ii>;.' 1841 ; 'Tbi-M'irliililv "f i>niiotic»' 
(•JoimialofSlnri-licalSocii'W't.lKII ; ' In- 
flui-ncf of Sirnreliins iind of'^thc I'ricos of 



if Mil- I*iHip!fof F.nfT- 

ti Lifi-i/ibb-.-*/ No, 1, 

itrnf* Fifth Anntial 

<rt .' ' Eniihth Life- 

loii wpftnii'dv iindtrr 

. imt^, .\nniiit n-i, mid 



iUwm ;'' F.»irli«li l..f.- 

in' ! "•'■ ' ' "■ ■ 

tai.; 

Ih-i... . ,;- - t- 

I'rviniutun, with an liitriHlm-liou bv Witlium 
Farrj' 'R^-iuti -t. iV. M-imliiy fromCholcni 
in Knk'Utiil in '. '(In ihnCon- 

Ktrurtion nf I ii (< rl l.v ii tvvt 

lirr*>labli- of 1 tin iii'T>lM;\ I'ld ' 

(•rbil. Trans. ,■!^'!l: ■ I ; l.ojr- 

Ii»li M'TlJilif, ; iWl-.'ri), ijCiMW, 

,i)Mil-7U: ' M' . ^ iortht* Guidance of 



tht> Chano^Uor of thi> ICxdiMiiier in tli« dev^ 
lopmi;nt of the Po«t OlUrf> Inauraniw SiJiL'tno/ 
IHtio; ' |{«port on the Cboli-ni Kpiiliinic of 
184W.' In addition, th*- Reports and Pm(V!ed- 
inK* of ibp Britiob AivHiciation, tbe Itrilish 
Medical ABsoriatioii, and the !^io<;ial Sci^acc 
Awtociatioii iuf:l(id« many papers bj-Farr. 

[Hii^ntphitMtl aiXiiv, hy F. A C tiatf. 19 
vvi'-K, 1883; Biqgnipliioal sketch, by Nmtl A, 
lliimpiir^js, prtflsod 10 Farr'a Vrtnl .^bitifiljn, 
ltlH.1 ; Inacct, b May ISSS, p. MM , TimM, 10, 
i9,2iAytn 1883.J O.T.K 

FARRANT, RKHARD i^. 16**-I5S0), 

(-oroiKin'r, uip>aid, in th"li«t nfcompowmirirpg 
in Nov.'llo'« • Wordfi of Anthcuiit' ( IfiAti), to 
hBVi> ij'vn born in lo3t). but a^noaiiihoTity ut 
pvcn for tbr otatcmrnt it cannot \» inkt^n e^ 
dwisive. I Iv wft» a gvmleiuan of thif L'lmptjl 
KoyalforsomotimepTeTioualyTo ].'>ti4,whim 
bu ratUfTDcd bis appointment on beL»iiiiiif; or^ 
ffuitat and maattfi* nf the chomti-r* at St. 
Geopgu'a Chapel. Windsor. Thie |xki lie held, 
willi amiaryof 31/. ft". W, a«dn ' dwuUinjr- 
hon^ within the CMtle, oalh-d the tlld rom- 
mons,' until 1609, wImq, on 5 Nov., b« waa 
rwini<'tat<'d in the Ohapel Iloyal, mnerf>i\ng 
Thomafl Causton. \\^]e at Windsor, ob 
8hroTeTii»day, and again on St. John's day, 
IMd, lip prewmled a pUty bffoni ibi' qu«>*n, 
rec-AivinfroneacboocaaionS/. 1U(.4</. I-itd<>r 
dar(> 30 Nor. 1680 an untry occurs in the 
' riiii|ui> IkKik ' of tlu) c!iaj>«l,lo the «BiK;t Dial 
AnihonyTod vrns appointed a genllrtnaa on 
thetWlb of Kicbard Famuil. Ah (bo same 
entry in ^<^praU>d under dale 30 Nov. IfiSI, 
tbo value of this teetimony i» considenbly 
Wh-akftinl. It ia nmlwhle that he reiMffni-d 
hiM potil. on one of th»)e two dateti, and n>- 
Ixntei], a« llawkituMv>i,to Windsor, wImtb 
Itc <lie<j in Vtrift, and was suooefded by 
Nutltuui<.d Giles [g. v.] 

Ilia name tsohiofly known in ronnwtion 
with the anlbi.'[ii, ' Lord, fur thy tvndcr 
mnivir-i'nake.'one of tbemMt beautiful eom- 
poiiiiionE nf Us kind, and a'ELnglocbnnl.'ai)- 
parfintlv Bilaplcd from tbn fintt pbruMC of thtt 
sntb^m. It is fairly certain, bowoviT, rnnn 
eTid>>'no.'l>olb iotiirnnl iind nxtf-mal, llint tha 
authorship cannot l>e cUimed for him. In 
tb'.'pon book^al KlvCalht'dnilandTiidwaT'a 
«v>lbx'ti.>n iHarl, M.SS. ;;«7-42> it i* atln- 
btiti-d lo* Mr. Milton *(. Mr. Ulipliaul luia added 
l.bp iinmc of Furrant in pencil). T\w wordj, 
whieh np]>rnr tirst in Lydli-yV ' Fmy(«n«,' ar« 
printwl in tb"!<Httmdi»Utionof ('lifford'*' Ili- 
vini'Sir\ I". -imdAnib<nnB,'l6<Vt,but withilip 
uaui' itincbi-i] am-omjuiH-r. I» 170.^ 

thu *■■ . I ftppfarin Thomas Wanb'«a'a 

•Full jOiiuL-iimand Vi-rw .Anlbems" (York), 
withnocompoacr'snamp. In 17K.',iti another 



\took ut wopIb pnnlod at Ynrit hj JifiiBon, ibo 
name at Farntnt npipeuB, it would «moi for 
tlift first timn in prinl, thnu^t Dean Aldridi, 
in ■ enjir Iwlon^DfT to him. erased tlie naon; 
of Hilton, and tvpWod it bv tliAt of Fki-ranl. 
Tho uilli<>iti itHelf fint appcorcil in pnnt a<i 
FHrraiil'n iu FftRft'i. ' Ilarnioni* Sacra,' 1800. 
Ati inpeniouBtJuwrrfonix'mmgllw orifrinof 
111" aallH7m is propDuoded by tliir Kvv. J. fl. 
S[M-rltiiK in ««l. lii. of thf 'Parish Choir' 
(quoteu ill Xotft and Qtu-rifi, 3nl H-r. iii. 
57^), 1/) thni'fTMCI that it was rotnpi»e(i du^ 
itiff iho civil war hv »ome tnusician who did 
not live to siwthe ftwilorntion. In tliugn^t 
d<Mniiiid for TniiJtic which that event limught 
ulKiiit it would be copied out anonjtnouiily', 
aixl suba»qucntl5altribnt'>dtoFAn«nt. The 
R«nuiii« woriCi of Farraut are a» follows: 
A Mrvice {full moruinf; and eveninir") pTrTi 
by Tudwuy in A minor, and cullud ' Fiimint's 
High Service' (it. hxImji aUn iu manuw^ript 
at Ely.Kfld in the rett-rhouHw Librarr.Cam- 
bridjtB; it in piitiliKlii-il bv Riiyci* in (i minor, 
'Ctttli. MiiA.*ToI. i.J; two anthRtns, 'Call to 
Ili'meinhrBQce,' and ' Ilido not Thnu thy 
dace,' which wero uaually unnp on Mnnnfly 
Thurndmy. oath« ofoaiiionof tlie diBtriWlion 
of thH iiueen's royal bounty. The*'.' arc pvfn 
in vol. li. uf IkiyuuV cullt-ction. The Koyal 
C<i)ll'-(p« »if M iwic poAoeaaea aonifl odd parts of 
nnothrr momia;; and oveninff aervi™ in F, 
and an nltn pjirl i>{ u Te Doiiiu auii Ki>ne- 
diclw« ifl in vVddit. MS. iJftWO. Two nthpr 
iDUHCians of thn nnim- nn? m'-ntionfd, and 
arc BuppnM'diolifivi* hftvn rfln.ti'd toFarrant. 
A I>aui«l Farrant. probnbly a eon. is men- 
tioned in thf Ptalf-- Pnprr* of 1607 M «•- 
cvivinc A'M. per nnuum a* one of the kinjr'a 
inuKicianH for tbn violinK. IIt> if. Miid by 
iVnlhony h M'ood, n&wkinK. and othiirs to 
liavo bwn ono of the tiret to ^t leswans for 
tin* viol 'lyr»-w»y.' afttr tho manner of (ho 
old Entrlish lul« or bandura. Wood (MS. 
A'o/ni. Kodlt'lan) fcAvS: ' Dr. llogeni tells not' 
thBtminMr,Famuii,onDbleiD«n.WRSOnran- 
ist of ((ju. Pelnrbnni'?) lipfiin> tbi" rvWlion 
hmVfi oHt,' Thia ia probably ihe John Far- 
rant, or on* of the John Fnrranl*, of whom 
trsof* arc found at rurimi" onthMlral*. Omi 
tif ihnt naRK' was orjpiniat of Ely in IW7~ 
l-V^. Tbp natnc occurs n;;ain ns thot of an 
nrguniat of Hin-fufJ fnun tJ Mnrcb I'rtti' to 
it Oer. IfiWl, wlio ' was sconced for railinp 
and rnntumt'linns sjiowrhe^ to Mr. Cu:<^toK in 
thu ball at eupiHT limi-.' Hawkin* *n\n tluit 
thorp wi^re two .lohn Fiirrantjt, who wew 
oiyonifit^i at SAlisbnry and Cbniit Church, 
Nowfratf Rlnvt.aboul 1 000, It is by no mMin.< 
lOSpoMible that these may be one |>erBoa of 
nomadic ti-ndcnci<v. To him, or to nnv of 
bii BMincaakcB, if the otlior BU|^siliou is pro- 



fvrrcd. must beucribed the antbrm f^vtti by 
Tiidway 'O I^ord AlmiphiT,' sine by nn 
Etntch of imafpnatton ould Itirhard Farrant 
hw d'-scribed as ' Mr. Farrani who lived in 
K. Ch. r« tinw.' Thf ^liort serviM in I> 
l>orisn. manuscripts of which are extant nt 
Klv f■alh"^rt^^l and IVlcrhc-ii*e, rtnd which is 
puliltdlied in *()ii*elvyCatlntilral Miuic,' Is>:t, 
IS by the earlier John Famuit, organirt of 
Ely. 

[Cheqao Book of (ho Chapel Royal : Grort's 
Diet. i. 507; Uavkins's IlisC (1853). p. 466 : 
WooH» ,MH. Not«t ID Bodleian, rommnniiTUt**! 
by Mr. W. B«rrl>iy Squin; OikiKlsr of 3mi« 
Papers, lft07; Cannlnehfian's Kxtracto fmoi ihs 
AccoanLsiif (hn FtfvrlsnI. CcmrlAr. (KIiiikni|»nra 
Soc. 1643), p. siix: Bidr* Chrinti-ut I'ronn oii'l 
Me.li!fttioiM.fPflrkMSof. I8*'2); ClilVi»d» Divino 
Anlhrnis, tte.. IflW ; Nifti-.n iinil Qoerirji, 3rJ »fr. 

I iii. 273.^17; Uiirprgiil'* l''i»li nprvfonleimM ; 

' Bcinroae'i Chant Bouk ; Inip.Dirt.af Univ.Biof.; 
Bril. Mu!! .MS8. M abfivc] J. A. P. Wl 

PARRAR, JOHN ( 1H02-I884).pr<wid«it 

of th<> W«]i;>-an nicthodin eonfen-ncft, third 

and youD^esl •m>u of the I'ev, John Famr, 

Wpsleyan rainisti^r, who died in 1837, w»* 

bom nt Alnwick, Northurobt'rlaadf 29 July 

1802. On the openiuf; of WuiMlliouseCiro 

school, Yorkshire) for thu dliieatiun of t 

siins of ininintiTs, on 12 Jan. 1812 ho 

one of tbi' first piipib. On leaving ecbool 

wftf employed as a twichtr in an acadmn; 

conductrtl by Mr. (!rfM(n nf CottinghoEBfSt 

IIuU. In Au^iet ly*> he enlfred th» W 

[•'yan ministn,-, and »i«^nl his four 

probation as ei<cond-nia.<iter iu Wi 

Cirove school. Tie afl^nvanls wiw 

miDi#t«r suuci.^V4'ly at HiKiHiuld, 

fiold, Maccle*Ci-'ld. mid i>)udon, until in 1? 

he wosappoiiit^d tutor and (TOTcmor of Abn 

Ilou^ti TraininK Colli-cv, atok*- Newin;(It'i: 

Ix>ndon. In It^W he became cliiasical mi 

at ihc Wt«k>yan TheolofjienI Iii«[itutiuu 

Hirhmond, Hiirrry, wht're h-? MHjut fourtw: 

! yemn. As governor and chanlambc return 

to Woodhoiise OrovH fcli'Mil in 1.^.18, whn 

under biji lirm rule the dieciptine and motml 

tone of the school were much imtprovpd. (>n 

j thftfonndationof lloftdinplfvy Coll.- ■ 

, in 1808, !n! ti>'oami' the first gov Ij 

; retained the Khnir until failing ht'si 

' pclled his rt!lir*.'m<.'at iu I-'*~fJ. J^uri 

' rv«idfncn hi-m ihi- jiibileo of liia mioist 

I rurTfd.whinhewas presented with an 

I for tbo Coll<.*KO, wlinn) a marble liusi uf hi 

I self now pr*-»pn'eH the memory of his eo. 

noctioD with the institution, In lA-M i' 

I SVcsIryan confcn'iMW. nii].iv.-!uriHg hi? 

I mini^irative qualities, eW'tvd him pr?s, 

I of the confen-nci- held at Birmin(;ni 

ou ihu uccusiuD uf tliaBurslem cout 



yearn 1 



Hud 



J)j7{)ti(< tiad iLo rare bundiir nf bfing eWltnl ' 
[Mwidrnt a setroncl time. For thrva years ' 
priiTtoliuGrHt iloi-liiin ttr [irMiilviil li(> iiclt'd 
iMiip*Tr»*tiirT to i!ii- r^nf«rf nrc.and foreigblwin 
ywM», bftween i?W and IS"ll, lie wiw t-ou- 
tinuonglT cliairmaii of tins l.«>Mx i,UMrict. 
]Je Uvea to take pan in ilio clo&iii^ sceue uf 
Wooilliouw Grtivo HCrhooI on 13 Juno l***! , 
wlwri' (wrvrniy-lww yi-ni* pft-vioiwly he hnu . 
•^tvrwl as a M'liolur. IIU lifv wiui K]K-ut la 
tbo nctivo service of Mil- rt-li^ioiiA body lo 
wLicb bv tH.'Ioii|j>.*d. Iiis uuadiicl wufi distiu- 
irnifltixl tiy iin!ici<uistn'.-«, iti* tcmiieT w«» 
Liqualtlc, Hiid bia manner di^Qili't). H« wrote 
IwovpTV ii^^'fiil diclionHrii>«,i>i)i' <li«liiit; tvitli 
the Iliuu! and Iih (ymlenis, thn otlwr nfiir- 
rinff to ec<:leMa»1 irsi ev*nt», books ivliii"!! iiri- 
rtilT finind nm^ful l>v ihct Mlidlur and nadiiT. 
lie diwl nt Hoiulinnley, L«wdK, on I'J Nov. 
1 KK|, und was biirii-d in Abncy Park i".'Oii.-lerj". 
Stukv N«;wiiii.'lyti, on 'J'> Nvv. li«- tuarriwl 
tile V'"'ungi?it daughter of lht> llcw Milt.-<i Mbp- 
ttiiilak-, II Wi'TiIvyan nituiEtvr, Slit- uindu 
IiisD nil excelti-nt nif--, aiid wah of imicb 
holp to him in many of the nffires whitU be 
bcld, ll« was iho author of the f<i|lu<K iiij{ 
works: 1. 'The I'ropiT Natntit of till- ISilili', 
ihwr Orllio'^'ruuhv. l*roauiiciutioH, and Siif- 
tiifu;«ti,Mi/ ls39:'l'nd edition, 1K44. 2. 'A 
l^iblioal «ndTbw>!o^i<-til Uiciionan-, illuWra- 
live of tbi- (JId Htiil Ni'w TestKiaL-nt ,' IWil. 
9. 'Anl'^lc)uu>tirikll)tclionun'>*'xj'Iniiiilory 
of tbt^ UUtory, Anli()iiiii<-ii. lffrr»ies, Sects, 
and Keligioua DfUnmiliBlions »f tbi; CUri^ 
lianl'biirrb,' I'r'.Vi ■%. 'A Mununl iif HiUieul 
Ot>ojfr»pliy, I)l^scriptiT(■, I'liyeii'al, ajiil ni&- 
loncal, li^T. 6, 'A Key to th<) Prunimcia- 
tinn nf lite Niuu^4 of i't)i*AOikri knd Placea 
oumtiqnod in ib« Ilible/ 1^7. 

IHiaalcsuf the Mclli'idliit Cunrvreixy, ISJUi. 
pp 17-10; .Sluj-k's Wuuilioinu (iro<rt Schixil 
(JHS... ... 14 70_h4. CIS, 257; Ulinlratnl 

l-'i a Auii. ISrfl. I'. H9. Willi |wr- 

imi' I Ji Not. li«l,p. 8.] G. C. B. 

fabre; Aurnru (len-iw?), ob. 

■Iriric plivfiirian, ynHnjr"r i*on of Or. John 
Itit-Iinnl l-iirrv '((.v."; of Cbanpihonsc Square, 
I>andi>n, wu.i boni in I^nndivn on (i March 1 81 1 , 
H»' wbk i-K]int<'l at Churl ctlioii*!* School and 
At CaiiiflC'idti _ '■ ' Itft-. AlWetudyinj 
miolicint- ai >■ uiitw'B lli.i«pi(iil, h-.- 

frraduAlitl Mil, jir 1 ,i-iil,rid(;i' m ISU and 
U.l*. in iMl, and ht> lnvniiit! a frllow of ihu 
Uoral CiiU.-jfti of ItivKicifliui in IHIfl. In 
J63tt-" b'l Ify-tun-d on roroparativc imfltomr 
at H! Hr.i},.>|om.?w'sandtrom I>CiK to 1^10 
oti ; i diriii.-, hi l-ll tj" -ii'-'C-dcd 

Ur •'■ 'i-'ii-- .h ..- prvirL-ssorof 'jbiU'trif 

mcdictix- HI 1 k-i^p, and physitian- 

■wniiclitmri''. h ii.^ 'lli'{{<.>Iio6pital,iirtuch : 



ol&^H hR held till 180:;. At the CoII<.i(e of 
Pltveiciana he waa in siircpAsion pwnsor, ox- 
wininer, iitid voiineiUor, and was Har%*«iaa 
orator in iH7'J. I''oriwi!nty-ffnirj'-ars(18fi2 
lt!76) he waa examiner in midwifery to tlie 
itoynl CoH(g<> of Surgeons, nAiRiiing with 
hiscoUenguc'tiDrs. Priofrtli'yaml Ihirnt^ wlitn 
it wa* Hoiiirht to throw the culltv-- r-xamina- 
tigti IB mitiwifi'ry upirii to |K'r8on8 not ulhcr- 
wi&e qualilied in iiiedicnic or »urg;i'rr. lliis 
tU-p vnif. d«>cisive against the ftcheiue, for no 
Muiiabl>.> t)UL'Cva>oni wi-rv williu){ lo takt: ihe 
otSce. 

Fam; was specially i]uaUGe(l to bp a fluc- 
ct-Mfiil fajihiuiiable obati^trician, and in this 
capai-ity hi; alionded the Prinreae of Walea 
and oMiiT mnmbera of thi- royal family, and 
was made phyKiciaii futranrUinar}" to thr 
queen. I[i« princiDiil conlnbution to taedi- 
cal liti'ratiiP? wo.h iii* vcrj* vuluabli^ article 
on 'The Uleniis and its Awpetidagpt'S.'iiJuali- 
tutinfr p&rta 40 and fiOof 'i<M'& 'Cyclopwdia 
of Analoiuy and Physiol L>};y,' i»<ucd in 18i>t^. 
He contrihuled numerous pajwra on micro- 
«opy to the ' Ru%-bI MiFraaL-cipical Society'* 
Juunial and TraiijiactionK,' anti ivn» pre^idi^Dt 
of the aaciety in 1851-i. An earfy niicro- 
scnpical impOT of his, ' On the Minute Struc- 
ture of some of the lli^er Forms of Polvpi' 
(' Phil. Trans." liS3"),f«cun'd his elect ion inl« 
iho Itoyal Sociriy in }»i^. Unthe deatliof 
Sir C. Locock in IST'I, Farre wms ulucted 
honorarr prcaident of the Ubstetrical S^iely 
of Lniid'on, to wliioh he gave a valuable ctil- 
hx-liou of pelvesi mid pyn.iH-nlof^iwil oixt*. 
Furrw ili'.'d iii I^ndon on 17 Dee. l!*#7, ami 
wan burii^l at KxiiHal nrn-ti on 22 Dec. He 
l<>fi no ehildrcn, and \iis wife <li»l before him. 

[Bn'L Med. Joura. 21 Dm. 19S7: Timcu. 
20 DfC. 1887-1 O. T. B. 

FARRE, FREDERXC JOHN (1804- 
l^fC40>, iibysik;iiui,Ki.-Gund m.m of Jobnlticbard 
Fftrre, M.Ll, 'i\. v.], wa^boni in CharteHinu«e 
8nuarv, LiiiKlon, on 10 Vvc. Ir^. He wiw 
iNluralctl nl th>' rharlerliuiisi^ where lie vraS 
enid miHlnlli^t in l^L'l. and mplain in 1''^. 
Ilavinj; oblnin'xl a foundation seholarship at 
8l. JohnVColleiO'.CaiubndgeJie was thirty- 
second wraiii;ler in i>*J'. After Atudyinu 
medicine nt St. Bartholomew's llaspital, 
I.'.'Tidon, he K<^'>'I*"ited M..V. in lS3(.t, and 
.M.I), in IKS7. In 18:11 he wa.i appointnl 
IcciurcTon hot any at i^t. ItnrlhoIuniew'H, and 
iu IXA lerliireron malerta nxHliai, holding 
the latter olliw till 167B. On 28 July 1836 
he xriin elwtwl (uuiiUnt phyieian to Sf. 
IWrthnloniew's, and in iffil full phi,«irian. 
From IH-i:i till hia dealh he wiw plivBician 
lo the ICojitl U^udon dphlhalmii' IloBuitaL 
He was long iutimatvly vuiinoctod with (ho 



ColUf^a of rhysifimi*, li«ri»j^ txwn i^li«ct«d a 
fellow ill IH^. uid ha\ uts beld ilie olTic«» nf 
ceiiiwr in IS41, !»«, and 1>W. IwturfT on 
toMUtVk nK'dii* lH4S-r», coancillor 1846-8 
■nd IHCO-7, xAHumrc l(«l-2 and ll*fiti-7. 
tn-Aitiitvr I8C8-83, and rit^'pruidi-nt iit l^-"). 
Before li'.' nwigrirti llwt offiiv of IwnaunLT lit- 
pr>x-iH<^i thp ndlepG with n eopioiw uiiLnii- 
ichpl history of ils procix-diiiRii, coinpilwd by 
bims^ir. \lv vrnMitnr of the editors nf tbe 
tint 'Briti.<ili Pbarmacojiwis,' published b; 
LLu Gen<?nil Mtxliciil Counril (i8*U), and 
«1bo jmncd in i^olilinf nn nbridKmt'nt of Po 
tni « ' Materia >tedica,' puWi»li«i in iK^tTi ; 



ret™ 1 

^Tvatlv Milnrp-d editions Bpnoiiivyl in IK"2 
and 1&74. lie olito publii<ti^ « i^pT on the 
'Tn1lt^^^>nlofAcutePeri(?ft^ditis^^ith('^pi^lm' 
in tbi! '8l.B<irthulotDw'A Uo«pilal HejKtrls' 
for lS*H(.whirh ntoinmundjith*i disuse of the 
injurious mercm-ial trvnUm-nl tlioo in fuliion. 
In llHTOb'.' Hfichinl tlm limit of ii({i> nllnwiHl ta 
ph^micians at St. Hartholniiii^wV, and rwtJred 
irom active work, thnuRli nl.il) nttending' th« 
College of Physicians. Ht- was a aucc^^ul 
lecturer and eolI(K|uijiI tcachier, being eloor 
and flimplti \o fttvl»'. and n^n^>«ub1e in niunni-r. 
lie had conaidpnibk' privatv pnu'tJCH? ior tunuy 
Twn in 3t<)nlii){u<i KtreeE, UuaaeU Sqtiari'. 
He died in Kenxingtonon 9 Nut. 18e<i. in 
his eichtj-ewonti yi-mr. Hb raiuricil Mim 
Jii]iaIjomB ill \MR, hv whom he had Iwu 
dau^litora, wlio eonivc him. 

[lAOMt, I6S«. ii. 1003; Ilnti>h Ml^dicJvl Jour- 
nal, I8S6, ii. 1001 ; infomwlion frum Dr. Normaa 
Moore.] 0. T. B. 

FAKRB.J'>Hi\UrOltAini,M.n.(l77o- 
l&i"). phvAirian, son of Richard John Vhttv, 
k nut<lical pnictitiuavr. was burn on ^1 Jan. 
177."> iit ltiirbn(3iM')i. After Kchool nlufnticn 
in the island Iw aludiod mudiuitio uudi-r hie 
falhur, and in I79ii cJimn In Kngliind and 
Mildied medicine for n year nl ihf acliool 
tlwD rannod by tbt> unili:>d ho^^iitaU nf St, 
Thnnuw'ii aiid (Ihv'b. At llio vnA of 1703 
lie bccanui ■ nirm'biT of iKe Mrporation of 
Btirevoiu, iiiitl «viit with ^Ir. Foster, siirjjeon 
to Oiiv 'fl Ilofipitnli tu Francu in hurd Moiru's 
expedition. After Ihc ex|>wiittoii failod ho 
canu' lm»'k t o London, and aficrwiirdB -iiU'n'd 
on prnPtiLe in His i^liiml <>f Hnrlmiloi^. In 
1801) he n'tiimi-d tn Kiitrliind, gludiiil fur 
two wars in Winhurgh, and lnok thi- de- 
KTiii' of M.lt. at Ahi-r<le(n .m 22 .Tan. i««. 
Tic bi'cauiv a licvuiiiile of Ibe Coll«^' of 
Phyfticians of Loudon on •tl Muroti IVOH, niid 
bt'gan pnu?tii-v lu a pli}'»ician. Hit Tras ono 
of the ([)uii<ii-r:) of the KovkI London 0|vLlLal< 
mtc Hospital, to whit^h no was ph>>iciiin for i 
fifty vriiri'. Hie htiumi wn> in CtiarlerliOu»e j 
SquAn, and he had two sona who aliainod | 



distinction in medicine, Ur. frnl»^nc John 
Kam:>[q.T.lBnili)r. Anh»rFiuTp[a. v.] fie 
edited r>r Jon-Vs kiok on 'Artfrial und Ji-- 
Gondury IJicm'irrhapj'in l^Ou.and'i^iindfTA 
on Diaeustaof the 1-Jy« ' in I^IL Hv hIsu 
edited the ' Joiiniiil of Morbid Anaiitmy, 
Uphthalniir Slitdiiriurt, «nd Phamiaet'utK-til 
Analysia.' IlepuidrloH/' allei)ti[:>n tiiuiDrbii 
anatomy, und wrote ' The Morbid .Viintntnr' 
fit the Uvi-r/ 4t.i. I^ondon, Jf>12-lo, nnil 
'Pftthol'iiiicat Ifc'^i^'an'he!* on MalfoTmaiiona 
of Ihtr llumnn Henri,' L.ifidon, 1814. Thi* 
vnluuble work onriitiins an actiiuiit of nearly 
nil Ih*- cases n-con.led in Enjihind up lo tli' 
dal«, and of Afxeml observod liy tin- unlhcir 
btnisvlf. Ilin vp.'viiUL-iis, wilU othura, illiu- 
tnvtiTtf of olhi-rpurttof inorhid nnalomy, am 
|rrvi>fn'<.-d ui the unif-'Utn of St. I1anli<>U>>] 
mcw'A IIiM|Klal, Co whii;)i tln>vwere pn*»i<nte(t ' 
ltyhi«M[is. Uis[H)rtniil,I)vThi)mu Phillip*, 
K..-V., U to Im s«»D in th<- boanl-room "f Utn 
C^ihthaliuic Hospital tn Mooriii^lds, ]«ondau. 
Ih ri'tiivd fron) jmtciii^! fii I>?/iO, diod on 
7 May l.StJS, and is buri*^ at Kenwal Grwti., 

IMutikV Ct>ll. of Phy<<. iiL 33 ; a DeKriptiv4 
CaiAlflgue of tho .\niiir>niicil :«n>l Pulhulufpcal ' 
MaMnm of 8i. ItarthQlo mew's IIo«p(t»l, Loajou, , 

isfti, Toi. ii.] x.u. 

I FARREN, KLTZARFTFI, Corxnwt ol 
1 DKBBY(17B^>.''-l.'<L»i)),a«r^.'«,WBilth.Mh^^l^h- 
l^^r of OiH>rjfi» I'nm-n. it aiirjreon and ajKiibe-^ 
I Mry in CnrV. and hi* wifc.ii Mim Wnuht of 
LivLTpool, variously described m iha dJiugli- 
tor lu a i>iil>licHti and of a bmwor. That 
Farren, wlm joiuml h oompCDT of ittrollinj; 

Elnyors, was a man of some ii)>iltl v is Nhowa j 
y an im-vcrrnr iiuairain cmr'^rniiiK his nua-i 
nauer, tihepht-rd, wliitb waa trun^cribod by 
John Bernard ( lletntr/ietTtioitt, i. Xi-J). At a 
vt-ry early ait-.- lOIizabctti Furtun, who«> chrti^ j 
tiau name vua-t iw^niflli:nvsshorlenml tipllicni^ 

floywl at Bath and elsi'wh<ipi.* in juvnnilHpartii.1 
II 1774 she WHS !u-tinK tvilli her moHivr antll 
cii.<<ter3 at Wnlntiidd under Tnto Wilkifiaou'a 
opponent, Wbileley. She plav)><I ColiimbiniL 
ana MDg Wtwrcn the acts of tbo prcrioits 
Ira^cdyi H'lrnilcriniil'attnfrf, i.'*Ol). Whm 
liftecn yuors of age she jihived ai Lix-erixwl 
K'Wvttu in 'Lure in a VilUue,' and suhsi«- 
qii»>ntly her (rrval jwrt of [*«'ly Tim-nly. Tn-i 
lro«lui-i'0 by Viiunger.her Liverpool mauu^ferf-j 
tn (7oliniu), she maile h*r firs' ..t.'i.il'..ti,-« \ta 
Iiondon at tho flnyniarlcci, u .', *«] 

Mise Hardcastle. t^he wui : v t*^l 

ceivcl, and, after etioctiDg Mnrm iti Mur 
uliy'B 't'itiieu,* ItoMtio, and .Mi«* Ttllup 
Uarrick's Mlon Ton,* dhe wa* trusted by 
C'oliuaii. 'JX) Aug. 1777, with Rosins in tbil 
'Spaniah HarlM-r, <ir the Ix'-lttiu IVemnLion,' 
hi« adaptation fruia Beaumnrcbaii). She alda 



•arren 



*3T 



Farren 



■|K>k« tlie itpilogutf In tll'^ ptuy. Hn II July 
177(1 ulie was the unj^nal >'wicy LmvoI in 
Oolin«ti'4 'Suiciflo-' This w»» x * hrc-vhi'*' 
|urt, tti which lur tigiirv wan unHuited, and 
*iur inciirreit sooii- sAtiru for »hn[»?]tfMnc«A and 
ior&^iiMltlicudminitionufClitirirtJanieitl'ox. 
liaJy TuwuIyinlliu'I'mvakt^I llunlumd'aiul 
Lady Fanriful in iho 'Pruvukcd SViiV'm- 
Jtt(m^l liorlouulilir favour. Un r^ Si-pl. 177^, 
«» Cliarlfjtl^f? Kusport in llie ' \Vt\sl Imliau,' 
thff mmk ttur Ural a|i|>caran4v nl Driiry Lau^. 
Al tlii» lliMitn; <tT nt tin,' Ilajimirki-I, vvilb 
•KCujoruil nugrslionR inin tlit> muiitry niul 
wilh •i>m«' not vwm-tplieabln nirformwmvii, 
unttiiarily for single nif;!)!.'', at C'^voni Uar- 
tlva, »li» ranuiiieJ until hut ntirtftueui from 
tile )««?(>• IlAiltid a» n woriby Huci?fi<»4r to 
Mrs. Abington, nh<j l>-ft llnirv Liiiie in 17':':^, 
sIiL-itnon took tli«>U'«d in lint' laJiH. IkrinthiA 
in 'Sileridui's ' Trip to i^carburuugli,' Uulinda 
in Murjiliv's 'All in the Wronfr,' Au(p-lu--ii , 
in ' LMVt.' for l/jve,' Klrin iu 'rijianitb briar," I 
lliTiu incur ill till- ' WinliT's Tulr*,' Olivia in I 
•TwcItYli Night,' I'onia, l.vdiii Ijanffuitili, ' 
MilUiiwnt, dtutira, Juliet, and Lady Betty , 
Modinh nni n^piv^'ntative of ov^r a liiiniin-ij 
oharuclvrs in which i^Ik- wm receired with 
w.iT- ■ iir. Ttif [larts ulie ' cn-ftted ' fire 

U'-'' im|K>r1a]il. Sin- ttkh Lady Sosli 

tu III' I iiiin'.' asKJjpirtl to Sh<'riil«n, Drurv 
Lmic, ir> <.>('t. 1778 ; .Mrs. Sullen in Colmua's 
' SHMraif- Maiuif iiKDCWt' I'rwrj- Liuiff, 31 Aii^. 
irn»: (Vcilia in MiiiB Lpe'a' Chapter iif Atvi- ' 
dent*,' llaymarkut, 6 A«^. l~A): AltOftda '< 
in I*ntta''Fair (/irCMsian,' i7 Nov. 17«I ; \ 
and fnacttKt lh<> heroiDcs of variriiu* c(HUC«li«« 
and drumns of Mrit. Cowley, Mn, lucbbald, 
0«unil Uurtirn; .i|. r.J, Jlilei IVtiT An- 
^^ ivrildv. 'J1ii-lai<t oriifiiinl 

pan , - the htroiu'.' of Hok-nift's 

' Fori..- m1' linliMiJL',' 'j L»cc. 1790, a oiwtf 
wliieh wajt dami»'d thi- flnt ni^liI and w- 
tnaina tinprint'Kl. <ta liur lu.>t appearance, i 
a Ai>ril 17H7, hbf playivl l^lv TuMlf. Orrnt 
iulvnMt att<-ndc-il Uit final i>"rf.irniiiiicis at ' 
CIm> chtaB (if whirh Wroiichton rrciCed ttomw 
Hiit Vf-ry hnltiiinl lines of farcwf-H, A \nTgc 
aodiom** wiw attravtixl, mid Misx Fnrrou.alWr 
apoAkiitiflhir farewell hiitrn of tier ]ian,btirat 
into B piMioii '.'f toiu-B. Ou 1 May folli,'wing 
thi tnarriH l-^luitnl, twr.iflli nirl of Ht-rhy, 
wboM'firHt wife luid diiol i<n 14 -Mnri'h pni- 

VlOUH. Ill till' iii'iii\ -'iiiliialoiiK priHlurtioliN 

of berday, lii li Miiri' ik ■ijiindcd 

CQ ihn iirijfiii . i irn-n, no iioniitnlinn 

in ea»t iipoti her inir t»nxt\ Shr Itad n short 
•i>atiini'nt<il •itiachaicjii lo .lulin Paiiucr and 
' lutd fulluu'i'il liv l-'ox. Lord 
r> I htir with much n-MH<cl, intnv 

citi|j iii'i l'> hill fi-miitc friviiiu and ol^ 
riaiiiing lii^r iho patruaaife of th« Dubo ni* 



Riebmand, at whose house in Whitehiill 
»ho pnwidi'd OWT » wrips of amateur per- 
formanceut. In distinction of inaun«r and 
I rvtiiioiiieni of bc-jriiia she nppeara li haw 
had no rival rxoi'[>t Mn, Ahmgron, ni>ain)tt 
whom ahtf wa." «ht:n |>itlud. Sic had a llt'uro 
nli^tlit, above Iba mi>.lilln heif{ht, and kuilt'd 
to till? diBpOMliuii of drapury, in which aha 
WOA hnppr; hr'r fiiiw wuk ■■xprw^iw and ani- 
mated, 6he had a Idue eye and a winning 
oinile.aud a vt'icu thai was culLivntml rutluT 
than Awt*>;t. Inwniinii'nl .-ibe wan Ivwi liappy 
than in vivaciiy, and ibn licrioiia portions of 
ihr »rn'.>n »ccnc Jn Ihe 'Hcho'd fir Smndiil' 
were held inferiortu ibo otbiT portiouKof an 
ini)»'r*i>iiiition tluit won the pntiwH of the 
ln»l judj;.-*, Ttatlitt spt-aks of* Mim Farren, 
wiih her tine-lady airn and fjwttt with that 
clcffant turn of her heed and motion of Iwr 
fan and tripitin}! of her t-jHifiMi' {Cntin'»mM 
and Dmnnttir J-Mtitft, ISol , p. 10). Ilic-ltitrd 
L'umbvrluud iHtmoiri, li. ifittt) toentioiu bur 
sty Iw an ' t^Xif iu»ite.' Oi-or^ I 'olmnn t \u•^ 
yiniliKvr {Hnnttiiin n^filtftivw, i. AjI) aayit 
of •iIibIovcIv aMd»i.x'ouipli«b«d \Ui» I'urren' 
iJiat 'no piTson <'>vr morii» sweivsAfnIly pt-f- 
formeil the el-^nt levities of Lndv 'i'owiily,' 
Tale Wilkinwm crixhis her with 'intinitt' 
jnerit'( H'anden'Nff I^itentet^.m. i'Ji. [loiidfii 
(Li/e t^ aitldvn*, ii. UI6> »(iya that df^er huT 
n.-Iirfuieiit vomvdy du^feueralvd iiiVi fnroc 
Walpuln Mioke of hur a* tlm niml iMrfnel 
actress he liad erer sp--'n. and Mra. Siililnna, 
on tlw day of Miw Kiirn^n'o inarriiiifc, con- 
dt>.-vi>ndi^d to tipi-Ak at Driiry luine iiomt^ linea 
conceminplbe lossof'ourcoTnicmuse.' I^dy 
Iterby diwl on 'Jil April IW» ul Knowsley 
Tark, Laneaiihirtt. Lord ik-rhv, b'r huihand, 
Kurvivnl her till ^1 Del. lH:ii. By luiu she 
had a boo and two dan^fater». A poriniit of 
Mi»^ l-'arn.-u i' in the Malbewit rolWtiim in 
thf tiarrieli Clnh. 'I'he port rail of her by Sir 
ThiiuuiA Lawrence Iuia been often eiii;ruved. 
HiT«i>l<'rMiiri(arfl, aftcrw.inin SIr». Knight, 
wuii a conip>;tent autrou. 

[Wurkicirol; Mi'iut>inofUKiPn»«ilCouitDBs 
of Durliy, tntu Mi"a t'amiii. \ij I'l^rubitu Afliil«r, 
ii«)., L/J^KklI1.^^J.(l. 11,(1 Jtt"p : TbpTi»iitii"iij-.if 
Trutb to I'JLtllcd Merit, or a Diozmpbiaol Sketch 
of th(- 4-'i>uiitoM of Derby, I/>n<Kin, Ito. 171*7 (n 
rej'ly to the [in><:»>tini:) ; (liuii«I'» Accoutil of tlm 
Ku^lifih ?tii]!«: MoDihlir Mirrur. April I7D7; 
TlM!«plAii Dictionary i Tea-Taldr Talk, by Mra. 
M«tb'ws. 18.V7.] i. K. 

FARXiEN, 1 1ENUY< l«»6?- 1«»), urtor, 
vlde*l max of William farren [((. V.]. i* l»«- 
iicviil to have tuade his tirst a^|)eiiranee in 
I^ndon al tho Huvmarkrt, playmu L'harlmt 
3urf«ii' to the SirVrt-rTea/h-iif bin fiithtT. 
The dnfe of thi'* ii uiif av('naine<l, hitl iT. 
WW ptvbubly abuiil 1847. In tbv October 



aib 



""'~^' ■ 



■arren 



»3S 



Farren 



ttf iliAi yt<Mi lio pUyxH at ihitt liouH! in u 
roNii-'iR'tciii'ntitiHl'MyWifi'! Wlinl Wiff."' 
ntid was dpflnrrd bj- tl'i* "Thi^ntriral Tinipa' 
lohe 'Iliefiid'iniileiiriii^fnltM'r.' Oil Ir^N'nr. 
1847 I)f waA Artlinr C'oiirttiiiv in n rnmMv 
bv f^ullivan entitli^J ' Fkniily PriJi-." in whieu 
hw fatliiT wft» I»/xU>r Hciil;;*-. A vwdr prt- 
vionHly Henry Ir'iipren n|ipi-arH iu }'rr<ruicia] 
recent*. IIl' n-a* in June lS4tEa miriuber of 
i\if company ni tltcThcntrc KovkI, Bimiin^- 
Imiii. and in Atiifii^t of ilie iuii»>* y>.-«r liv 

?\&yeA iiF tliP TiiMln Itoyal, ManclinSTLT, 
.IiTCnliy Iw lh(t Itfiniij ui" O, V. Bruokv, 
diaries ITnAtii" in 'Town ami nounlry,' aii<i 
C'ii&rk% Siirfa™ lo liih ftttlier'B.SjrPeler. Cn 
8 l-VK IH47 hit wnj4 nl Nottiniftiiiiii. "VVhun 
William Fam'n (|niUiii! tlii! Haymarkin Xn 
BWiimn lliu mnna^ffment of ihe SlnitMl ami 
the Olympic tlieeirt'* hr- wm iu:ci>m|uintiyl 
hy Henry Farrvn, wbn played loading j>iirt» 
in pumcdy without otlractint; much rccu^ii- 
tion. At ihv Olympic lie waft in >'iivcmti'T 
1850 lhi> orijrinal l-'ontainu in iJr. WVsllinui 
Munion's ' Philip of I'Viitn-tt tiiul Mariu dc 
Mvranitt,* playiMl .liiiir IKTiI in thi- ' l^iilii'ii' 
ltat(Ii>'(nn lidaptiitirm of Scrihf's 'Bntaille 
lit' Damtrs'), mill in October nu Clniido 
M)4nrFll4- in the ' Laily of Lyons,' Miftt 
Laiirn Ket.'iie making b^r fir«t Rppeamncp a» 
Paulinit. Mv. was fur a -thnrt linn- ninnn>n-r 
nf tliti Brii;;hti>n tl»»iitiv. Afipr his fathcrV 
rellremeiit in LHoii he went to Amcrieii fviiil 
tnailv it«('Iaudt' MiJnult<>hi*rirMn{<pi.-Aranro 
at Ihi* Ilniuilway Thtuitiv, New York', witli- 
nut cnailin^ii vt-rj* etronij impntiAion. Hi.' 
iJiHii wnitt ntnrrinK lu Ihf countrr, finnllv 
Burilinir down tm roanagpr of the tWativ at 
S(. I-oiiin, whi'ri> h(i itii'ii. Hf Ivft a M'Ooiid 
wife, whom Iifi marrii'*! slvorily brforft hia 
deaib. Uis dniig-hter Florence u-tn) at the 
Virtiinn am) (inictv tlirnlrvn hrfom xhr mar- 
ried Mr. Kdwarif Wroiiehton. Another 
daiifiliter, KI1«<n, i» a well-xnown and popu- 
lar actm** in biirlesqui'. 

|Np« York Wcrkly Ili-rriM, r|uulMl in Ociit. 
Hid;, far Man.-'h IHTiO; Tulliii'x Dmiuaiii! 'Muft*- 
vine; Tlicatrical Timus, 184lt-7 ; RmAhnnniwk, 
variuu* jvars.| J. K. 

FAKREN, WTLUAM (178ft-I«Hl), 
nolitr, \\n<> Inirii I^ Mav 17W1, His falhtir, 
AVilliniu Fomri, who (htn livral in (inwiir 
Slrvi'i, Lundou, liad Iteva a tnidtuman and 
l»ecami> nn avior of ■cmii; n.'iHiUlion, i-hii-tly 
in tragedy. On 8 May 1777 lif was tbi* ori- 
ginal rAn'li?4N iu tile 'School for Hcandal' 
at iJrnry I^nc On 27 S«>pl.. I7i*» lie ap- 

Imin^ aif Othello at tViveni Garden, whfre 
ifl remam<>'I until hift d^nlh in ITU'V Lhi 
13 Hay niHi a jK-rfonunnon vra* givm f'tr 
the iK-OL-fit of his wnlowr. The younger Wil- 



' llau Farrvu waD fiducaUtl nndur !'■: 
at the M:bool in Sohti Square. lu.i 
IVoui hid fat her a sum of 'S.OOO/. lie vab <ii>h> 
(0 ^Dil ify a ImjiIc for the >>t»[f», })<■ ttnft ap- 
peared ai tbi( Th>'in f»' R..' ulh, tltca] 
inid»r lhi> nionii^i'tiii.-iil ■ .-r I'l-rcv, 

' ne*r lf*Mt,asSir Ari-by M . in ' IvjC«' 

a la Mode,' Thenco hr ] . Iliiblin. 

Eletwulr far>;wrll lo PubiJ, nEuni.r Ik umrw 

' than onr*' n-tumHl, K> .\ug. 1^18. and on 
10S^pt.l(*l»,a? William Farrvii from Uubliti, 
h<> luadu at C'ovent (ianlen, as S'tt I'ett^r 
Teazle, his flrtt npiH>aruni>> on ih» I/mdua 

, iita^. 8ir Antbunv Absolut*', i^)v«'^)lil m 
thi" ' SJiwr/ tjir tV-lfiil rbuiary in tliw 
'C'rilio.' Sir Andrew A^nechetli;, and niauy 
ulber parts iwtv plavtd lu bis firs: Bi>a.Min, in 
till* couriEiK of which lt•tItpp<-a^>^l t-ightv-iu?vi>ii 
limes. At Covent (ianlt'ii Fam-n rvmaintxl 
until thd clo*« of tbt? •ea'ion of IfS^'—*^. A 
suinuicr eiiga^^nient ot th>.- tlay market liL<}(aa 
l7June leii-l with Sir IVterTeailf.ajid o>u- 

I tinuod for fonw yvnr*. At this lion.'^ he haiL 
already app^ari-d lor aMn|fU' occasion, :^tAufiv 
iy:?U. as Sir Aulboiiy Absolute, At uua or 

j olhvr thviiEru hn ulsytiid ■ great rarii-ty nf 

I comic cbaraelcn. lin iiUn tna<)<* "iich vuri<ni> 

I esporimeiiTd an appearing "^ Me\i Merrilie*. 
and once even h» .Mikx llarlow in tbu 'Old 

I Maid.' Oui^e ald<>, in Ilimiin^ham, he luadaJ 
an unfortunate npprarnnco as tihyloclf. Ili&l 
original clianii-tors during {iu» time wrr»9 
prineipully in for^ottvn ptee«t> of Uimondtf 
Ki-nuey, Lunn, Hyde, Morton, and I'laucbf.l 
Hi» lln>t api^vuniiicu at l>riiry Lane, 111 Oct,) 
XS'iH, as Sir Peter Temtle, ri>«ulled in atti 
action af^inst htm by iho Covoni Gardeul 
manogeini^nl. lla reniaiived at Drury l<anaJ 
until the Maaoti nf 1836-7, playing a wtilt 
rongv of parts, as xb shown or his uEiunp-^ 
lion of ranlwi-1! in the ' llvifx-rite,' Sir 
Kranins Gripe in the 'Bus^bo^y,' PoloniuH, 
Kent in' Kirjr Ijear,'Cfl«'»in' J«li««CiMar,' 
&c. In 18-t7 ill.* roturne'l lo Covent (}«nl«n, 
which he quilted a few years later to join ' 
IVnjiunin Wcb»icr as Btfl^monager nt the-] 
iUymarkt-t. On SI May Itt42 lie pbiyitlf 
there Don Maniic) in 'She would and sho 
would uut,'aud on 11 Julv 184J ho't.Tt.-iit'.'d*] 
an original part. Pet- r liritlon in ' Pvtur and [ 
Paul.'a two-act comodv. On 24 (X-i. IftW,] 
at til'- i'l<M>.- of lu« pcrtiirmjur-' of Old Parr/ 
in .Mark lemon's pte<:e of that nuoe. hs bad! 
iKi the sta^e nn nitnek nf paralvnis which | 
deprived him of the uw nf one sid'. After j 
some tnonlW rvsl he recovered, and the fol-l 
lowing vear he resumed bi« pltn-e At ibflf 
Ilaynisrlc'i Fmro tbi» iim« l '^ion 

became indiolinct and his av ->ily 

impainxl, wiihoui, however, gr^^iiilv mtur^J 
(rriug with bin |iupuLaritjr. Aiter ten yeaEaJ 



Farren 



*33 



Farrier 



I 



at llicllnviiiurkvl tivbecotofiniuiagerfireior 
ibt! StmiiJ Ttifatrr. ami i)iilim<f|u*rutlT ofthe 
OKinpif, Tlu' lutt«rlnni»" Ik- «i«(rmHt 2 Scut. 
leSO Willi tli« "ilaiighler of tint Stnw, n 
dnnUi ani] & biiriESi^nc cnlitlod ' 'I'lii' Prin- I 
COTMH in tlif- Tuwcr.' 11 tx Iruu^i-iiliiji Wi^ ' 
minatMl *.' Apt. 1853. Ho won in his 
lilt' r V'!ir' imii;fi pyjiuUrily nx Gmntifolhi-r . 
\^ II binn-bfuTtfd flcpi iiAf.t'»iiriaii ; 

ii- ir.ivdiimds, an old LiiglUhK>-ntl^ 

tPHiii Mctf'liM KImiii, n Uwyr; anil oth»r 
olmmpt*-™. On III July IS-Vi Knrr.'n, who^i 
bemltb h»dcoUn[i««l,took «l the Ilnvmnrket 
bu Ipure of Uii^ [»ublir in a ficcne (roiu thf 
' rinii'lcmiiif ^( iirriui'e,' wliicli fomn-tl prirt of 
a pPOf,Tniimip fur LLi benefit, in whicL iippeur 
ttiL- iiiKu^it 'j( ttiv {■riiicii'sl Engli^li uct'jns. 
*>n '2i S..p:. l«il li« (liej lit Ilia hoii'M-, 
2S Umuiplou Sfju^ipj. rajrt'ii in his Ititer 
yeiirn wjm ihf \ii-%i n-|)r>-^ntiiti w iif llip prv- 
Ofint rt'nturynf ulii in*;n, A Imnl wfMict at 
lirftt, Furren twik ultimatclv n high polish. 
An unioW in thi' ' Xt-w Monthly Mnf^nxine.' 
1 Oct. 1>?21 ((jrobably by Tuli'ounli, s|<eak» 
of hi« ntii^jv as nmrow and di^nurages lii» 
tffon^ to play the chamoiiirs ui Titrrj- srid 
Dowlon. lILs Adniinl IVanklvn thi- wrilwr 
dorlans lo bo *onlv a ti.^ty olJ niun.' Thi- 
MUer ' be {iUv(h1 HIcc an nniraalFd luummr-' 
nie l.«rd Ogleby mndt', however. ' amends tar 
mW tki early i*i« I^il**) IluxJitt (hl.'ct.-d tho 
Piodlenee of Fmrra'fl old men: ' Me plavs 
tbvoldgvnlleinaD, tlipantiqiiut>-'d bcauof tfit^ 
U«t n^, v«rT iniirh after tlif- fai>lii'>n thai wc 
rontpmbiT to haw t^een lilm in our youngii>r 
(Ibj!^ and thut in ([nitc « •inindnr cxwlk-tn.-e 
in this' {lirtunalic JC**ayt, ed. If'-ll, p. l^'o). 
Whwi, in liittTy^^nrs, his voice (jrew feidilf and 
bis HtAp unci-rfjiin, lio riMnuinod unrivitlli'd in 
hi» line, and hi« Sir IVltr IViwIc. his Grand- 
father Whitehead, his Sir IfartviHrt Courtlv 
in ' London Atsiinincc,' nud otht-r similar ' 
cbancien n>iuaiiipd to the but nnequnllnd 
purfbrinJincee. AuunFT bii) fellaw-ncton lie 
wna known an llip ' Cuck^i^dnxin/ in conxf- 
qn'tir.' (if hi" haTin^r unawered to Riinn, who : 
r> ■ IhhhitiiiI hi« 'ienmiidA,' If therw"« 

f'l. . < ^-AAlnxin in the marki-t yon mu>tt 

ri«y ilu< pr.oe for it. I om llii-cock-aalni'in.' 
Hr iirem* to ban* \xm re&t'rvMl in \m habitit, 
iinancini, iniclW'iually dtitl, and i»r«fnl in 
|iwuciary eipi-ndilufi.'. 

Fflmu inarnrij mrly in III*.*. In Janimry 
ItUifttw* iiinrrii'<l, iiflT tin* dralh of her hiiM- 
baod, Mra. Fam-tt (./. Junr If'-ITj, an ahln . 
4Ctr*»9 at Covnl riard^-n Tliwilrt,', IU« left ' 
two aauu, both known iiriurs, Ilenrv Frtm>n 
[q. T.], whf«e dniiRhtor Kllen i» stiU on the 
vt.ofi*', and Wdliam harr-n, who ]iliiy» his 
faluer'fi \itni of thamcfiT^, and hait also a 
Min on tiu* ati^p*. Lha elder liR>llu:r, i'crcy 




KarrpQ, artor or tnanan'r at PImauth, Wny- 
mwuih, Dublin, at tho iraymorKct , and at »«» 
ill-sTnnv'd Brnnswick Tlicftire, l-omlon, ira» 
also an aclor of merit. 

A portrait by IK; Wildf of William Furreti 
inLorJ (>gJubv w in Lh<? Maihtws collection 
in the UurricK Club. The same colk-ctioiki 
h(LM H u'lrlrnit of hia fttlbur lU <M'«tt-)s bUo' 
by lie Wilde. 

[Ocjiai's Arnmnt of the EngUah Staffe; Ox- 
U'rrv'ii Dniiiriiic Uio^ratihy; 0io|p«p))y of ths 
BritidbMiic«^ Ttioat.ricalOl«ernr,DuUin, Ul^l 
cl ftxj. ; Thuitricil Tinius, 184IS ct atq. , Van- 
dMibolTii Dmpiiitiu IteiaiiiiticeiMiM ; A Fnll and 
Accurnte Account of tba Utftroclioa of i]i« 
ilru&swifk ThfoLi^ vith tiw statojiienle of Iha 
(Uv.ti. <_'. Smith and M<««r«. William ami IVrey 
t'nmn. llij>i ; Morluy'e J'MrBal of a L^O'loD 
lliiycoer; Ntv Monthly Mag. pvuwira; Dmmatic 
and* Miwical Hnvit-w, pajnini , Km iMw»|«piir, 
ifcplomWr and Octol.'tr ISfil ; Oeot. Mag. No- 
rmibdr I8A1 ; )l1acn«dy'« ll*ainii«cfnew.tiySir 
Fmlflrick I\illork; Onlo'a I.ifo of Ohadeo Kcoa; 
oiLcr w«fk« ciiwLJ J. K. 

FARRIER, ROnF.IlT (1796-18701. 
painter, waa horn in 17IK! at ObeUea, anri 
rc«idL-d in thai loealitT dnrin^; the vhnlv at 
hiH liftt. He wu fimt plnoi'd for instntettoa < 
under an en^jrmvBr, but subauquently bt'};iin 
to vam a livinff by painting ]K>rtr»it« In 
minialun;, and bt^caniRa Hliiilt-iit at lht^H<>yal 
.\cademy- He first exhibited at the Kuval 
Acaiii'mv in 1818, sending ntntf miniuturn 
portrailA, and in 1)*19 oxhibitj'd tbft tirat of 
a teries of pictures in a sti^hlly hiimontiia 
V'>i«. ib-piisling Joine«tic subjivt*. and Mp«- 
eially ovuiies from schooII>oy life. Tb«a»| 
v-erv p>ii>utnr, aud a number of ihem W£ 
enpruvL"!. The first which altructf-d notii 
"a« 'The Stho'^lWy— " llv M-bi»lM luudto 
keep his courage up" ( Itbiir's Grave) — ' et- 
hibitis] at tb« Ituval Aciidt-iuy in 1824, nnii 
engraved hy J. ItiniiiU'V. Itomoer al*n cn- 

frnved'SuiidarMominiT— Tli^" Toilet 'f K.A. 
Sifft),* Sunday Kvenin^r,' and 'Tlw D.-cla- 
rnlion.' Other iiictur-s hv Farrier were en- 

frnved, vie. by Mrs. W, (l. Simtnona, ' Tht» 
/>itert;r;* by C. Rolls, 'Hwitationj' by 
E. I'ortburv.'MinnieO'UonneirtiToilet ;' hy 
AVilliam W'Brd,junr.,' The Misthicvowt' liov;'' 
by ThrTniB* I'airlwnd iUthorfraph). 'The \ il- 
lageClutuipton;' br William F airland (I itho- 
l^raph), 'Tht> Ctilprit Delwl ■■*!.' Farrier 
i>i-€'ni>ii>n»llv trav^-ifi-d, but continued to re- 
aid-' in Chelsea, when' be died in 1S79. One 
of hi)" picture*, 'Thi» Parting,' w«» prwm-nted 
after hii4 death to the Soutlt Keneinirtnn 
Museum. llissi>ter,darfoUe Farrier, wu» 
alfto BR arli«t, and had a lai^ practici- lu a 
mini a lure- punter, bdiia n fn^queitC «xlii- 
bitor al the Royal Acatlnoiy. 



Farring^ton 



»S4 



Famngton 



[Smtwrt'M Kun»tlnr-I>MikoD; Ur>ives's Dtct, 
of AniaU, 17C0-188O: H-ijbI A':ii-l<!niy Oitn- 



loe;iiM.] 



tc. 



FARR1NGTON,SibANTUO.NV(1712- 

It^'i'l). Ij.»ri>mt, [fPiH-nil,iTolon><l-€oainiaiivlfint 
fint ballation royal arltllery, wu too ot 
Cbiiles FiirrinKlon, wlw t-ntowd the artillBry 
tu ft nistniAS in ITfRt, wne voundoil al tJitr 
iKtlleof Val in 1747, uiddiod n,i H'uL'iwich 
ftillieuwnant-coloiM«lcoinmi»iiiliinl<ifllii-royai 
invalid Brtill-Ty 23 Ftb. I ~f^2. AnilKmy was 
bomOreb. 171:J,eiiU>ivd the lUiysl MiUlurr 
Academy, Woolwich. hA a widet 3 Mftrcli 
IT-Vl, WUbt ti|ipuinUd n tieuli-iuut fireworker 
:?!! Del. l7o5, and bt-cAmr.- i«cond lieutenant 
175(},li»lli(;uti.iuuitl7&7,GiiuUiii-lit!Ulfnanl | 
17r>0, raptain 17til, major Starch I7**t'. Upu- 
Cenant-oolonel J>ecfral)U' 17^2, culom-l 1791, . 
inajor>f;i'n>!tnil I'Mt'i, liruti>n*nl-(^iuT(i! ISO?, 

funornl 181^. He Hervt-d at (iil>raltar in 
7W-GS, und at New Vork and oiiKiwlH'n- in 
America Ii64-S. Itotiiming- to N*iw York 
in 1773, hu conluia«d to eerTe ia Anieripa 
UOlii May 17t>3. lla wu at Boston in 1774- 
1776,anu waapreMiDt at Itiink«r'« Hill, Brook- 
lyn, Long IklBud,WliituI'lainH,llmttdY wine, 
Ana other early enncsmeats durinp tJie nmr 
of Indepondoooe, ^^ootnmwidvd lliv arlil- 
Icry at Plymoulh in lifift-9, at OiWaltar in 
ITW)-!, was vouuDuiidant at Woolwich iKim 
^ April 171H to 37 May I7if7,/in<i eommnndr-d 
the ariitlery of the expedition to North Hol- 
land, under tlie lKik«^ of York, in Ht-ptenibiT 
I7W>, 8oBut «iirioiL- dciaiU of lh« laiUT are 
ijivt'ii in Duucnti'ii ■ lliil. Itoy. ArtiUery,' ii. 
UO-IOI. Farrin^'ton wan appoitiUHl rom- 
maudant of ibi^ tifld-tniin clKjiurl iiii^iit in 
l^OiJ, and ill lW>il president fif ii ».'Iect com- 
inittw uf ariilitTj oflictTs. In \»\'2 U« was 
appointttd in»pnclor-g<>iiiTnl of nrtUWry with 
the nnk and atylc of din>rl<nr of itio field- 
train dcpartnienl oftheordnanre. (>n30ct. 
1818 Farrington vnui iTMled a hnroni-t in 
raCOgnition of Lis lonu and meriIortoUl^ »«r- 
vicos. On 14 June l&i.M the iiniversity of 
Oxford eonferred uu liiui lh<.- honorary dt-firw 
ofV.G.h. AftersUty-eiglil yt^amof inililary 
wrvivef retaiainfr bis mcntul vi^mr to ihu 
la«t, Farriiv^ton diitil on S Nov. IBt^'t, nt hin 
residence at BlnrJthealh. 

lie married on 9 Mnrch 1766 Elizabeth, 
daujfhtcr of AlcijandtirColdcnof New York, 
liy whom ho luid iwu cuiu and Uini; dmiifh- 
l«rs. I|ii eId»<Al ehtld, CtiHrle« C'oldf-ii Far- 
rin^'lun, horn in 1770, dii'd a i-a^itain in thi* 
ililrd foot ill 1790. 11k wa* mam ei], and left 
iaBUB a ton, Charh^ Heorr Faniugtuu, who 
Iwoam* a captain in th« Slst fuot, and vuc- 
oeoded to the baronetcy on tbo death of his 
gnutdfilbor. 



[Po«(«r'ii BaroneUft* 1 EaM'» tin at {> 
Koy. Art. (tev. cd.. Woaltrioh, 1«»'J] : Dubcui> 
Hial. Ruy An. ; JliiiuLin. Boy. Art. lulitati»i 
xiv. 303;Ooot. MuB.xciii.(ii.|(>3»,1 EI. M. C. 

FARRINGTON, Sir WILLIAM 

111^'), Mililirr nnd diplomntiot, of a Wi>l 
kuown Ijuiciubir^ family, wiis knipbled hy^ 
the l>uke of Lanc««ter U'l'ore tin- battle of! 
Naji^ru, I3t(l>. Puring the decUne of the 
Entrlinh power in Anuitaine his there hald 
Hveral ini|>ortant military command*. Ila'^ 
msdi- en nnsucoowfiil attKnipi. lo come id'' 
ibe Hwittancu of the UmiI of renibrolcQ in 
the sea-tiKht at La Rochello. Having l>4C'>ni» 
^rpmor at ^aiutve, he was in the 
SoubiiU', where he narrowly escaped 
made prifioHLT. Beinf; ubhgul tu al 
Saint>-»i, ll<^ joiniHl the forcoi uud«r the com^ 
niand of Kir Thomas Felton, wlio went id 
relieve the town nf ThnonTv, Hum lienie^ed 
by thf French. He snhaeauently joined iha , 
l)ukuofUockiu);bam, anddtstingitiMht-d him- i 
self during the campnijrn by soveral feauj 
of urui«. tu Ia7rt he was nauied one of tl 
uuanlians of the truce concluded with tlu 
French. Th« (t<m of llii- ("omil IX'iiia. ot: 
of till- pri«orier* taken nt the battle of Nnji-ra 
havinfT manaffed to e«eap«, Farrini,toii wi 
impriwmed with othew in the Towtr, 
tx'inj; ilnirin piiitT ol' ' ■■• , nnd 
leuaed by roi|Ue«t of 1 1 I v , earl 

NortbiiuiberUnd, 1377. ii. i..>l be wi 
elmrtted by royal order to a^i^isi at a danj ii 
tile Scotcb inarchi-:^. foii|fht hctwix-n iitr Jul 
rhatui, a Scotch kniehl, and Sir Will 
Hndby. He M.-ems to bare Inken pnri in ll 
cruaade led hv the Iiii>hon of Nurwirh 
n.wi'rt ibe mipr^uuicy of t'ope I'iIjuh ■■*i-( 
(.'lew'iit, b<)ib <if whom wi-re cl i 
the pa|)al chair at tliiii |icni>d. > 
to Itviiior hv- wna oblij;!^ to nay lulo ll 
tTcasnry a line of fourteen hunat^ francs ii 

Eld far liaving taken |>ari in Iho iiuar 
wa.s 8t'ni on n miMion to Philip van 
veld inFlandere. Having: ^'oppi^l iitCvila)! 
be thorc received and bningbl to KnjiflAnj 
tbu news of the biiUlt? -.'f Koswbdke, liJHj 
fought lietween tlie l-Vttch and the Hfl 
miugs. led by Van .Vrtoveld, in whieh tl 
lnl1erw<-re (Ufealed and tbeir lender datl 
He wa^ at the Ijattle of Uunkirh, and wi 
bettieited in Rourliourg. He wiis altio will 
tbi' Duhe of l^ncoAli'^r in fJ-l' t 
Hent by lUchard II ou a K{i 
Fortu|tul, ond fai^ nuioe U n 
churteT of 4 Juu<^ 131H) ant' 
]wn>onageii then at the Portii^, i 
wau ahto sent by Hnnry IV, rhurtly alter hi 
acrnwion, on a mis«ion to I'nri*, trhcre 
waanot vetr favourublr nri'ived. In Ht 
KflDry IV' gavv hiin the coounaud of 



Farrow 



»3S 



Fastolf 



In tormi of a roy<U ttlict tinted 
19 Oct. I-UU he was cbarg«<l witli ihi* ilirec- 
uon of all tlw Ma troflic Ix-twtPU Knglntid 
Olid ilio iteiKlilioiirLiKHl of l(i>r(l«aii)i. Hii> 
duly Vint to bpl- tluit all Knf^liKli Fiiips cjiga^ 
ID Iritliiiff lintwt^ii llir Iwo pouRldes wt'ni 
duly 'ifn[wt*"li«i ^ttli their cri'Wh, In I41BI 
tlM> lavrrUw of Uh>m- ftmciiniiA Ind htm inm 
n du{mt« wiili Ji'nn Itordiu, rJisnc^llor of 
ODyenne. In Itlli li<! was commandor of 
thv c-asllp of Hord<.-aiix. 

AFroissirt, nl. Lu^r; Rynu-ri Gn*con Rollii, 
tn.IV, muaibr. 3,D; 11 lluii. IV, ntcm^r. 15; 
t Hen. V. mtinbr. B.J J. ii. V. 

FARROW, JC>SRPn(l662?-I«tfl!),iion- 
conloruib-t divine, was burn at Ilo»u.>ii, Liu' 
^niifairD, of 'rt^liffioueparonU/and ttlucated 
at iliu gittmnuir school of (but luun. Up 
waa aftcrmirda ent«n-d at Mwdalnit^ Cnltcfo-, 
CaiaLvidpe, as a member oi wbicli he ]m>- 
cnfli-i! ^t..\. (Ill (jiiiltiiiif tiw imi%'>>n'itv lio 
btH'iiiti' i<~iviiTt) tulor ill u family at l>mlh, 
Lii for iomi5 year*, during wtiicli 

til: ; I I'd th« niAMi^Tiitiip of ihc newly 

cRcipd i'n?« Mfaool at lirigg in tbu «iu)« 
cyiiintr. Tic sn* cimkoimIIv ordaioed, and, 
■ftor ^« had been i«u(.'(<e4Ki\^]y ehA{ilaiii to 
L«dy HuAtcy of Caytlmrpf, Lincolnnbin*, 
nnd lo>?ir UicLard l-ltirlr of Slm^lethorgN!, 
Lino>lTi*liiiv, hi- rvluniiHl (d IIiwIkii and wan 
cimifi then- to Tfr. Obadiah Howe until 
IlirWf'n dnath in l-'uhrunry l(ttt.3. Ho f-a\>' 
plinJHowf'djiliu'ii until thf- arrivn) of am'w 
Tirar. I'mm Bonton be ivmu^ed into the 
fiunilv rtf t^'iT Williain Kllys iit Xocton, Lin- 
culiisliitv, H'ben^ be coiiiinut'd rbtiplain uuiil 
hix di.-ikth. AinnDiT bis fi-ii'Dtl* bt- uiuuben-d 
Etlwanl Ki>wb-f, aftcrwArdu bi»l)o;> of Olon- 
n^Ier. John l.>irh(>, utul ThoiniiK Iliirnet, . 
nuutr-r of llto C'hfirtrrhouff. He died 11 n- I 
ninrri«la(Nfa'urk-U]K>u-Tri-nl,Nuttiu)jbam- I 
idtirtf.ou 2i' Julv \W'J, n^riHl obditt furl v, mid 
wbv l<Mri< il in tilt' cbikiictil of the churc)i. As 
tu •■ ■wfii'itl.hifMwjBHitbppenalty 

of I: i>i'>niiily. 1'ulamy, wbnoneerva 

tluit ' !»' rtjo. nut «jfic(^ ill ltiO'2.' forgetting 
thAt t'arraw could nitt ibi-n liari- boon tanm 
tban t«n yp«rs old, given Imn 11 wtiadcrfal 
cbaract«r for b-aniinfir, probity, Hnd «aiictitv 
of lifi*. Ili3 bad, it (L-vnu, 'a tu'liticol Ik-uJ, 
and noutil fjivi.' Auiiirieiiur t'Dnji^rtun-di atioHl 
public alTtin, by wFiiL-h he fonluld the M-rt>- 
ral •tiifHuf tilt* ){I(iri4>na Iti'rMlulion.' C«[|iiny 
tnvntiditf an hi'« workn ' n-v<^ral R^la of Ai>t- 
tnatis,' ivbirh wrv ' tlHiu^bt nut much iufi*- 
rinr to ilmiw of ihr< mn«t lyMtivusl pmocbtM^ , 
of tbr rnjta,' He alto left some 'valuable 

It xnwnnf. Metitarial, td, I'alnor. 

i-i G. 0. 




FASTOLF, Sir JOHN n378P-14y&), 
warrior and Undownnr, belonffi^ to an an- 
cient .Norfolk family Qti|{iiially seated at 
Great Yarmouth, wht-rft many of tbp nauM 
Itiid \>L'va bailUls from the time of Edward I. 

I .\ Hugo Fastolf wai sheriff of Norfolk in 
11)90. ^ir JoUa'b father, Jolin Fa^lolf, soaof 

I Al<>XDnJer Faitotf, inherited ihn mauont of 
('aiAter and Kv^dliuut, to which hi> added by 

furclioAe much {iropcrty in thcsiuni> cuunly. 
lis mother, dau>;ht4>rof >iicbolaAi'Ark,RW|., 
nnd widow of .Sir Bii:hArd Mortimer of Alt k- 
borouifh, Norfolk, married a third bnahnnd 
namtxl Fut^uU after John FastDlfn deal h.and 
dif.-dS.Muv 1 40tl,fH-ini; burial ntALIIeboronjib. 
Fulb^r'n alatemfnt ihat FWtolf wa? trained 
in the boiiM> of Ji.din, diikt> of Dedford, is vt- 
ront-oitfl. IllotR«li<'1da:<?ertL'd th*t bfiwoaat 
one time pajfe to Tbomaa Mowbray, dultu of 
Norifolk.bfforethodukc'sbaniabmfnt.iaOct. 
l-'tS^t^. A Utik- latiT ho won in tbv HrviLt- of 
1'homaa of Lattcaater, afterwards duki; of 
(.'lan<uix-, H'jun.' IV's M'cuud »on, who l>«x;ame 
bird di^pntv uf Inland 111 1401. Wp know 
that Faaloif woi in Irclnnd wiibClarfinw in 
1406 and 1400 (Will, qv Wofn-wfiBH, An- 
nab). On tlu> feASi of St. Hilary 140^ be 
married, in lKlaud,Mili<:eat, daughter of Ko- 
bcrt, third lonl TiU^tot, nnd widow of Sir 
lSteph<>n i$cro[w. 'llie lady owiii:d 1 hi.> vhtatu 
nf CaMit' Combe in Willshiri', and other Iniiil 
in York!<hiru. Futulf i^eltlcd un lier lOOA a 
vi-ar fur bi-rowu ii.*e,but m-cws to luive I nmi>d 
Ilia wife'* propirty to his own account, totbe 
i rij iirv of lii.T Hon nml ht^ir by h«r fint husbaitd, 
Hippfifn Scrope. Caxtnn, in hi? • TulW of OH 
Age,' Miy» that Fastolf exyrcie^d ' tue won 
iti Ihr^rijyaumi^of Fmnot-Andotbrrcountriea 
by forty veari> undnrin^.' It \» iheretorn 
lirohablo tbiit Favtolf wan eti^ged in foreign 
warfare l>efoiT I[fnry TVs death in l4l."i. 
In that yi-wr b« wu» t-ntrutiti.'d by Uvnrii V 
with tlir custody t)f tlii.' csjitle of Veiron in 
<laM.-ony. then m Kug^Liah tuindj. lu J una 
141(i lu> iindi^rtook to miTve thr kiiii^ in Franoi 
with t4>n mun-of-annfl and thirty ardii>ra. 
Aflwr the CAj>tun-of Hnrlb'iir.TbomaBB^^au- 
forr, duko of l^Jtelcr, and Fa.'ilolf wi-rc rnn- 
Rtil'itei) ((ovomors of the city, with a gatri.'uia 
of about two thouKond men. Fastolf di»- 
lintfuinbcd biuucUat tlicbaitloof Attiacouri, 
in llie raid on Itouen, in the n^lief of Horfleiir 
wbi;n U'l^i'-gud by tbccunsiabltt uf ^V■ne(>,ot 
ibi! iakiii|;<irCavu,Aud ut the aiegeof Koovn 
in 1417. In the la^t year be was iiiad« Ktv> 
vqmor of C'on<k-*ur-Nuirvau ; bsfbr* H) Juu 
I4I>-|N wa.'t knighiM, and raecivMi a |^nt 
of Prileuiw, near Hatfleur ; iu 141t* tu) scii«d 
tbucoAtloof Iwr'rNnin.aBdin U^bMante 

ti l:»j-;)l : AjcAa^byia, xliv. 12J. SlM 



Fastolf 



33* 



Fastolf 



furlJvUr vraH not Iwftivfd uq tlie <Wt)i of 
Ileiify V. In .Innaarv 1422 he wr» erand ' 
muttir o!" tli" hwiMtlinVl of IlMlfonl, I Ite r«- 1 

fent of Francp, nad si^nfflchal of Normandy. , 
le pUyed 8 consuicmms Mrt in t liu iw*ptun? 
of M«iiliin, wliicn ho hdo lu'lppd to captuiv 
two years before, nlthou^h the French hml 
aace n-ciiplun-d it. In H2'-i li'' ^^"Ha con- 
flitiitccl lii-m«H)aiic for the king and regent in 
KoriuaiMly,an<l governor of Aujou »mlMiiin«. 
1q the fionie rear h<.' m^ix^x) Pacv and Coiir^y, 
rini] capcupectOutlUuDiir iteyniond, (fovemor 
of thpforoieniity. The Imnourof ahnnnf^rcl 
wao coiifrrrwl on faim. Al tlii- battU' of Vcr- 
neuil (1 424) he loiik pri«oner John II, duke 
of Alm^ua, eon of tuL> duki> who won elaiu 
ftt AKuicourl.. Rut AlpnfjVm tkm mn«omc.il 
thretf yeam latitr, and Fust olf complained that 
h^^ was dBprivw] of hi* ]>roppr iiliiir" "f thi- 
money. Ix wtw larjiply owinp to p'futnirfl 
etlbrtfl thnt in the foUowing year the siiMec- 
tion of Mainr was coinpli;t«<I. On 15 JTiiU* 
34^) he awl Salisbury iiudvr the walls of 
Mans. On '2 Aiifj. the forlivas »urren(l«npil, 
and Kafttolf wiumadelifutennniof tliviowu 
mid^rth.' V:arli.f Huir..Ik(lO Aug. UW). In 
September \i'2i> he took ihi- c&sile of Silly- 
GuiUi<m, 'from whicli li« wan dl^iitli^I with 
the title of bftfvm.' In I-V-brnary l4:?6 ho wan 
installed, while Ktill in Francv, kniifhl of (he 
Garter. Sir Henry Inirlioiii<i.'nni1 Sir William 
Breton ■ciediuiliudi'putiesal the cer^moiiy. 
But ill the snim ytarJohn.lonl Talbot, fii^or- 
wdcd him M ^ov^'nior of Anjou and Mamp. 
Tilt) BUjpeiveaaian cauw^d Fastolf much irrita- 
tion. On i7 Nov. ]li.idfonlandFaAlolfaii;m-J 
ind«tiLu[va, pledjjiiip the latter to cont'iniK- 
in the dufaee <i>rTi<;H |,SrBi^!rw!(, ii. 44 li). 
Id 1I2^* be %{)ciil eonie time in tlnulivntl, 

Uurinp th<f M-naon of I»iit 1421* Fafitolf 
pcrfoniiL'd Ilia chief Hsploit. Orluuns wa« 
undrr Hirit'! by l.he Fnglish, and thttir camp 
vaaioffreat need of prorisiotve. Fa-stoif was 
din-ctf'd to liring in aopplieo. Hf n-aclitHl 
Paris safely, and retunn-d with tli-- nt'cesaiiry 
stored, but when a]>j)ro«cUinj; th« cnmp owt- 
aide Orlcuns was uttnetced at Kou^-ray by a 
French army imdi-r the Uotnte deClt-mionl 
far rsceeding hie own in number ( 12 Fi^b.) 
His victory was, howuvpr, coinplvto. For 
iMiqMiM^ of dt-'fencw he used the barwU of 
tinrringa which be was convoying, whence the 
bottle obtained itv popular namt^*IllcB:lltl« 
of tht! Hprrinff*." But aftfr Joan of Arc's 
euccesws Fastolf was luiable lorp^^vst the pro- 
pnaal to raiw the sif-R*- of Orlcnn* (ft Slay). 
Tbetide bad lunied as^inal iho Eit[;llsh, and 
the Fwnch undrr their new lciid«T wrh? 
pushing ihiiir ricion»i> homo. Bmu^uoi 
wa^ in dangi-r of falliiifi iN^fore Joan of Are*s 
forceti. Tliu; had laid aegv to it, aud the 



arrival of 1 iv<t Fu^liiih t<onij]antf>i M by Tal- 
bot and Fnstolfaid not avert ita fall.' The 
Kiig'liHhgencmlsRian:bacl towanjs Fariafbut 
Joan OR]i>r«Nl a ptirauii. On IS .1 i-ii'- 142^ 
I he French carat) Upwii rmj 

at Patay. Taltwl Vhit . urdj 

coumge, A maaceavre on the pun of Kwitoi 
waj mtauudcnttood by his own mrTi : ]>anii 
api2Hl them, and Foattdr*) vi ■ ' n^'' 

call them to their kiium pr : iial. 

Tt waa only when the day w,i :■ ; .l'Iv 
lost and hiKlife wa-oin imra<.-'lir in. :! ..'. 
he b^at a retreat. TaUmt with Iv.ird liuiii;'-r 
fotU and other* waj; taken prisoner. This t 
the version of the <'nirn^i-nirnt ^ivi'n liv anT 
uy&-witoeu, Jean de Wawn (Jcas pr. VVi- 
VHIX, (^remifijur» Anrhirnitrj, ed. riupont. ». 
27!)-W. Socii'l** de I'lli^tiurv d«' Fr«no-l. 
According '» ^lonstreM, Foatolf Iwhaved- 
with mikrh mwardiftf in rnnnin^ KWtt, an^J 
by way of defendiuff his action nsommendeJ 
at a conned i^f war held aoon after the batila 
a temporary abitenlion TrtHU hostilit (•"s tillj 
ftirthiTMiccourMarrixLvIfromKngtand. TaIIk 
and Utrdfurd nrerojiortcdto havi' n-c«nvL'd (hil 
8iiu;i;r«stion with uuicb ilixplfniinn', and Fa»* 
tolf, we are told, was not only reprinmmled by, 
the Duku of Itedfonl, but dofiridvd from tb4 
order of thef5arler(MosPTKi:i,tn-,M. Donol 
l>'Arc<|,iv.32'*et«.>q.,Soc.deriIist,deFnmce] 
HiLtlS, Iti/it. fit* mg»t-* de VharUa \'ll ei 
LfiHU XI, ed.(juichenii,i. 't.^oe. de I'Uiat 
de Kmnco; V^LLirr de Vituvillf. Hut. 
Chnrte* t'll. Ifi'W, ii. S4 cl seq.) Aiijtis, iht 
historian of tho order of the Oarti-r, doiibll 
whulbvr it would hare been in tliu datte'l 

i«wi'r to subject F«U>lf to lhi» imtignityX 
ilunal rulut'« dnmufrinp imputation ha« bentii' 
adopted by the latiT Kiigliidi c-hroniclpni. In 
the 'First I'liM of ll-nry VI,' pnnt.-d in 
Shakvspcare's works, Faatolf is ]nirtrayt»d 
aconteinpcibh'cmri.-n in the pr>^>t'iire nfJoal 
of Arc's loroeB. and iitpublieJr i<lrippeil orhi 
(JarLrrby Lord Tulbot laet ifi, 1', foi-M; »c 
iv.l,9-i7). Stonatrclrf ndmit* thatFiat* 
was quickly restored lo hi* hrmonrs, ' tbojl 
apiinst the Tnindof I»rdTalbol.' Th. 
b« 00 doubt thni Fastolf waa employed^ 
the battle of Patay in an n'^p'tmlih- rtfl 
aabefotr. MonslnJvt'eMory wlim aimpi 
with Wavrin'K arcimnt of Fititnir* rondi 
resolves it£«lf into the statement that 
TallKit'a rorpipBl Iledford held an ir 
ttohargpof rowanlic6hroni{ht tif^av 1 
after Patay, and come to Ui« couclu^iou ii,n\ 
(be aivu.iivtioM woa unfounded. 

In M'V) Fastolf bocami:>U<'u|enaii' .p'i'~ ■■ti 
in IM\ he roiited the si-'iijt' of \ : 
taking priBoner the Due de Bar. an 
wo:* uoiunuited Fngli^h ambassador to (In 
vuuiiciL of Bualfi, at^ar a visit to England. If 



^astol 



837 



•aitol 



* 




I 
I 

I 



. DoleM-Bitob4vetttteD()6<ltlii><*oui]cil,liut 
ii<l«<l tlie Okie lie DrelA^r. tlion rn^igivl 
Id WAr wiih rbi- I'uc d'Alonfon. lie wu in 
EnffUtuI tmriv in liaK, whtfii lie eonntituUid 
ono Jnhn Fiur'.uirol'Oiilton. Suffolk, huigvne- 
nlftttumi-T, OticcRjtiimni thi-fiiUowingyeM 
bo woA in t))i> rrain of the Daks of Bedford 
in Fron-.f, wliim hv iM-lwlMOOPof tlm w*p'>* 
?!"■ 1 iK-JCi'of Atran- In S^plemoeT 

1 1 f'litiTir np A report on the rtccnl 

ini»[in^''rr—il of til* war, in which h« mlvit- 
cnr^tl it* fontuiiiiino', but tlttprt^caiei] tbt^ 
aoiicv oflonir sii'^i-fl(SrETE3f»ux, li. ri7!<-8.'j). 
Bwlford difd on 14 Sept. 1435, end FuMolf 
WU out' of llio vxt-c-utors of his will. From 
14SGto 1440 lt» continuMl in Normindr, b»T, 
inl440bor«liiniix] liouiciml withdraw from 
mililflrT wrviiv. In 1411 llirhard, duki- of 
^ark, liedford'9 nuctws^ur, avronlyd Faclolf 
UinuitT of 20/, 'pro ndttthUt «'t lauditbili 
cio AC hnaa conidlio.' Ylo was sum- 
monvd to the priv>- council, htit hU ndvicn 
WW iiotfr<«urntly«oii|^l»l. Thul h-'wnanol. 
populu witii the lower orders is ebown by 
(he tbmt« of JftCk Ckdu m I4oO. ^^'ltl^n 
th» nhrl \i*i\i-v -vn* eiicitmpcd «t Blackheatti 
Fiiitt(i1f*«nl hisB«?r»ant, JohnPayn, todsiscr- 
tain hie plani>. Pa_\'n'8 idi^nlil}' wiw di»- 
cornnn], ftnd hix uiaMtrr vtiu ilviinuiuei) as 
til ' iraiior in Kngland or France, 

■«'i iini9>lt<-<l nil the piirriiiiinH of Nur- 

ninuiiv, 1^- Mnns, and Mniiie, and was rc- 
■rpnnublc for iho loss of the Wing'^ Fivncb 
inhrriinnoi-, Ii wim (ilwmiAlM That Fasrolf 
luul |farTi*xini.>d hiu house ai Soullmark nilb 
old B'-liJi'Ts from NormAndy to nxitt Otde't 
pntf^'M. rndvrct^naincoiidiiioiuPftfawBa 
Blh'Wtxl to Icavi^ C«de'§ camp to wmrn Ps^ 
tolf of the nrbcla' Approach, and th? kniirht 
i]<«iniNl it wise lo ruiire to ibo Tower of 
IvKMlnn. After Oode'iriiinfrwiusiippTvased, 
PftTn WAS iinpriBaa«d in tliu ManluBlMa hy 
Qiivpn Mniyan-I, And vnin Alti'mpts wire 
a*tir to Ifad him tu cliarge his miteter with 
treuoD. 

BMidM hin pmpeny in Suffolk and in 
Norfolk, whorA lip hud fine bniii«e« both nt 
Nonrirh nnd Yurraoutli. Fnstolf hod a nwi- 
dcnc" nl f?oucbwiirk. and hi* wife's prv>pcrty 
»tt'«*lli:Conibe,"\Vilt«hire,wiv»lQrtri>lyiindt'r 

hi-: ' II" •f'-m-f in (he i-ariy day* of 

bi It ro have fhi'^fly npciit his time 

fti ! k, wb'.'rr bo maiiiTuiiRtl u lanyv 

«■■' '.'.. lo I UU hiH ui'iib'TltHd »ur- 

ii'ii, . - iiim ht«r mnnora of TaiKtor and 
!I^•TlfH, and n« <virly n> Henrr V'n n-itrii bo t* 
Mid In hnrf xtituineil a lircnfw- for forlifyiniT 
■ dw'iUinjt at fnu-t^, hie birthplace, liefortt 
1W(V hi' hftd U'lJim 111 huibl tln>rf » i^n-ftl. 
eutl", Ihrr foum.lfttjon of which coven^l more 
Uuu) fiv« acn.«. 'I'hc building opentiona 




were still in pro^crreds in 1 15^. In 1443 be 
hiiid obtaincdalieenM: from the crown to k«Rp 
MX ship* in his ftcrviee, and tbwru were atter- 
wanl» employed in carrym^f building mate- 
rtaU to Vurm'julb forthe rootle. In addition 
Lo public riMtmx, chagt^l, Hiul oIIilim, there were 
twpnijr-sii aeparaie anarcmfm.i. Itefon- tlu» 
cliwi; of 14'>4 ihi? cii»tli> wiuf compkU'd, aud 
there Foflloll' lived until his d«aib, five years 
lattT, only paying one visit tn Lon<1on during 
tlutl period. 

FastolFn life in Norfolk i» fully described 
iti the 'Pnaton Letters,' John 'PagtOli, lli« 
autiiorof the ^utcr part of that vatuahln 
corre«iponilenw, wm FaMoir* noiffbbour and 
intimate friend. Margaret Pawton, JoIid'h 
wife, ACt'iui! to have bocii ■ dlataut relatira 
(J>/f<rrit, i. :!-l8). I*aAlon('nRieiiilopo$seuion 
of many of tbti knight's private pnper» al his 
death, and thitho )iavi- )>i>(in preserrra with bii 
own letters. Foelolf flhowti hitniiclf in these 
paprn n ^;nuipin)f nan of buaineaa. ' Evory 
sentence in tfieni referx to lawAiiit^ and title- 
deeds, extortions and injuriea Kooivod fmn 
others, forged pro«>«M:a nlTectiug pronertj, 
writa of one kind or another to be lesufld 
ugain»t his adversaries, and blieU uttvred 
ajfitni'l himself (i6. p. IxiLivt'i. Tlin know* 
ledge of all leg;iO teelinkalitii^ wa« <^n com- 

rkto I hat he could give liia ajrent. Sir lliomna 
lowea, lo wliiim miqkI of bis extant ielltm 
are addreH»ed, legal hint.4 which woidd do 
cntdit to a petlifrjifginjr wliciior. Hid leal 
in Rinaeaini; weJihh nn<l in increasing Ium 
landed property waa the cbit'f ciiaractertstic 
of hU old affc. On l»Uec.i4^heleat4d7^ 
to the Diute of Vork, to bu repaid next 
Michaalmoa, on the .security of ewrlain jewele 
(lb. i. 2IP). 'rho}cwe]awereatillinFiu.loir« 
poijuesAion at the titnu of hia death; hut his 
executor, John Poaton, reatorvd ibem bo Ed- 
wnnl IV. FastoITa UteM dars were chiefly 
Apent in reckoning up bia delits against tbe 
cruwa. Sumo oftheAe dat<.^ back to the 
Freudi wara, in which lie had non-r been 
fully paid tbe rananma for tbi> relea»< of hia 

(iriitnneni — forOiiillaiiiiie ICeyiuoud taken in 
423 at Pacy, and for Jnhn, due d'Aleiifon, 
tiiken at Venieiiil in 14:^4, Others related 
to riTCiit qiiarrclfl with the Uukr of Sullolk, 
who bn.i *eii«l |H>«iiiri§ uf his property (,lA. 
i. Itfi** txH). That Fftst'ilf wan II li'nty n(ii|{h- 
hour and miutrr ia tAn ious fmai hi» repealed 
eotupUinIa of ihn bu-ii of I bill r^epeet wliirh 
hv tLought duo lo himself. On L'f .Mar I4ri0 
he wrrjlt' lo Sir Thomiia Ilowef, hi9'a|*vnt, 
that if anv dare reAtat him'inniv rijihl.'thca 
thpy •ihiill b^ reqiiiled ' hv UlarklMvird or 
, \Vhit.>heanl, that ia to any, by (!(«! or tlia 
I dei-ir(iA. i. 131). Iliadep^ndrnt* hadniueb 
J to endure at bia bant]*. ' Cruel and venj^tU 



•astol 



»38 



Fastoj 



he bkt]i ever beeti,' writes Hrnry WinilMr, 
ttUKrvanI, 'ttJid fur the inoiii pan witljunt 
pit}' bimI menrv' (I'A. i- ^)M9). ADOtli«r di»- 
contdiloil dc[wtideai win Uie annalisl, Wil- 
liam W<irc<!*I»r !<i. v.] Worewatfir entorcd 
Fael-olfs Hjrvicoln 14S6, uul viu forMuae 
yai% MfwnrU of Fmitolf* miitior of Oaatle 
Combe, Wilt^hirv, Acting iia FitftolT)! secro- 
Ijiry Iiii i!r*-w ii|> stslvttifiiUi vimlicattitK hilt 
miintrr'* policy iii Fmn<i', aoil lflU?r tnui»v- 
latwl at I-aeU)Ifs requeft Cicero's ' De Seuec- 
tut«' inlo English (prinlml by Cation in 
llf^l). Arcording tit ihis 'I'aston Ijftlers' 
Worccstern-asnlHoautborof ft nnrk fintitled 
' /Veta Damini Johsniiis Fufttolfv,' in iwo to- 
lame*, tiul, oltbougb msoy of Worceeler's 
papen ari- still nt Ofisllo Combo, thin monti- 
MUijft 18 iiMi auKiiif; ibvin.and iu wlieresboiiU 
ar* iiaknowu ( ScRorr., (faatJf fiwwAf. p. IWJ), 
BevDiid FaBlolf a n>latioa wit li Worcester tb« 
(-lii«f <iTi(i<'m'i"if thn Imi- of literature with 
wbioh hi> 10 often credited id a tnanuacript 
bfloslatinti of 'llie Micl^» and Sayingn of 
the- Philtwdplierx * (Brit.. Mac. fTart. MS. 
'J'Kiti), 'Xliis is detLcribcd as haTin^ been 
tratiilalt'd in 14>jUfrom l be French for th« 
'(vtil'^inptbtiun mid ioUee 'orSirJolin Fa»- 
tolf by St4>^liRu ScTOpe, bit iile|Maa (DLiDI», 
Carton, I^tfii, p. KM ). 

Faoliilf took muc-li lulMreaL in cburcb loal- 
terg, and a(lmiiii»'LcredHliirgepatraa»g«, Up 
madu Arcbbitbiip KiMn[>f> a inmtM^ uf bid 
CaiffttT properiT in 1400, nnd thmiigb bia 
firiend Bishop W'li.yntliTti* hi.' is piaJd lu luivn 

firomsBt*'] toibrni^wlyfoHudedMaffdolenCol- 
egB, Oidord, the Boar's Ilaad in Soiitbwark, 
aod the manor of Ciildwot. RutfnlW, but no 
ncRtion of this* benefaction* is found in 
ttip coUetfo ttrcUived, lit? at*o conTribuiwl 
towards buildin); the philosophy schools at 
Cauibridgv. Alwull4^hi* rviAoIvedtofound 
a colle^ on bia own account: nt Cai«<r, to 
maintain 'suvvn priostaaDilMten ijuor folk.' 
On IB Nov. UBB hi- wrot« to John Paston 
abuutliiseffartfitoobLiiinlUt-nKjuiatvlicuiiEv 
from An-hhijtbiHi liiiurchirT ( Pa-fton Iirtlrt-*, 
i, JlO-lll. Bm ocfon^tbearranffomonUweiT' 
conniletpd hp diwd at dunlor, 6Nov. 1<U>9. 
Tlohad bi-i-n ill of n hpccic fever and asthma 
for l-ISdflyH. UiswirebaddiF-diilKtiil 1440. 
lie wofl buried in the dmrch "f 8t. Bi>nimt in 
ihe Ilulm ' und(.T the arch of the new c'hap|itt> 
which lie had lAtDly rebuilt oiktlii]itouth«idc 
of the ehoiror chaiictd luider n ninr1>lc tomb 
by thu body of Miliceui, bin wif«.' 

Three copios of a will nre vxtunt,, dal«d 
3 Not., two daj-n befot* I''n»lo!r« dfath. 
Thryftr(!ririntMl,withinvontoriesof Fftstolfs 
Roods and wardrobv, in tbo' Pafrfoii I^ttwm,' 
i. 41-'>'iK>. Tbn tlrtit of tht^se^ doonnifnlA tA 
much inttirpolated. Wkoltf psiSf^apUs aru 



armtcht^ otil andotbcirtiiiscrtod. 'rh^^aecont! 
draft is briefer. The third alomt in Ijilin ii 
I DMrely a codicil, and dtaU chu^Hy with tlidl 
datyo'f iht) ex«eulor8. Thi- all<.T>"< pn«ni*p« ia| 
: tbdfirat appoint John Fusion :■.! - 
Howoa sole nxocutore ; in the r tmni 

othttT exf'ul'irsi urn nmnti-Dn'il, 
; BUfanp Wamfl'-if, Sir WUlijim V. 
and William WorCT*'tnr; but l'«-i'in mil 
HowcM tin:' ftn|Hiwrnil (r> diMil with t\t^ V^'^i 
I pf^nyun their i«ole authority. The prnriirAli 
; wfll-cl of tbewf iiMitniniBnt* was to miike l'a»— ] 
ion FA-'tolf* heir, afier provi-' ■• ' ■ ' t.'>en. 
' madp for iln* C'ainter wlWa;*', ■ ' 'U-l 

sand marks difttribiited amon. : .. ... . . x^-] 

cutors. A« vwly u.* 14^7 Fiistolf tevua lo[ 
hare lallfMl of ^iviii);; Coiater to Futon, anil ,| 
ia said to havL< made a vt-U) lo that uSeci in { 
June I4r)9.btit Faaton adraittr^l that th4> in- ' 
8trumi!Ui, not now estant, woii dvlMtiv?. At I 
ihft tiim- of his death FuIoICk |>Tv»pprty in- 
cluded ninety-four monnrv, four msiilfnooa 
(at Ynrmoiith, Norwich, Southwark, and 
C«i«(>r). i.tiiUJ. 10*. m mon<?y, 3,400 ounowj 
of iiitvvr plate, and a wardrulx' tilled with..| 
aumptuou^ apparL-l. An allusion in the pr*— | 
amblu of lh<! tiret will to Ihi- favourite Lol- 
lard text, 1 ('Or, xix. SA, liaa RU||:pMtNl la' 
&omo of Fasiolfj? biojrmpliBrs that ha sym-i 
liwthiMnl with thf I.nllanbi. 

The auihenlicity of Foatolfs extant m-illi 
was much di«i)ut«d. In hi-tcloaiiurdayvFaa- 
ton wild ereatly in Faatolfa confiaencV. On ' 
9 Xov. rWtolf wsa certainly n>wolilet«, anil 
ooiilil noe havf dictatod hi^ trill. Thrrt- can 
be no reasonable doubi , i horizon*, lliat the nx- 
tant document* won> \i-rit1en otit bv Paalon, 
and if of any raluu an< all pnu^ivally nuncu- 
pative. The circuiujttano.'* wen* »u$pt«'iouf, 
and rtiiDOUiK woru quicklv circulatt^ thai 
I'aiiton hod forged ibu will in bis own favour. 
Other claimants lo purta of the prowTlT 
an.«e. William Worcfster, tlfenly (uiiBp- 
pointed by bis cxcltuion from all filian' in 
the cetalti.mude the first proie.tt. Th» Dukn 
of Kii-ttT n-itffl Fonlu!) n bonse in Soutb- 
wark ; but FaMou eiiliTwl at rtni'f- toiopof- 
m'saion of much land ia Norfolk and ^ufloUt. 
In 1404, how>ivcr, Sir Willir - ^ ■' — ton 
and Willinin W^orcoster, Ixith n :'u- 

tor«. di^putwl the whfilr distn.,.L. ... ,i tb» 

property in the Aahbi-hop of CHnti'rbury'a 
court. PaKton dL>c1ine<i to aufwut the cliuri^a, 
and wa« tninmittvd to th<< l-*li-fl prii-on jun 
after I'Mward IV hu<l granted him a licwiuw 
In tiri-ct (ho Caisler college. At. ifat' MtmK 
»iin>' the l>uki- nf Hufffdk rhiimtd Fn-I'ilfa 
manor of Drayton. John 1' ! iii 

I4W. Sir John, I'a<itnn'e 900 . >^w 

allnwi^l to (iri-uriy lh>* jinipi-rtv iiiu*i rtai^iv- 
iug certain lauus lo llie IJulio of Norfolk, 



Fastolf 



»39 



Fastolf 



I 



sad ttCTVein^ thst Bishop Wnniflirto dhmilii 
rnti&r>:r [lie c.llrgimr.- Nii^ni-At. from OiiUlf-r 
to (Jrfopii, Befure 1 l*i Sir Thomaa Il'jvrp* 
<]M«Tte>l t\*e I'a^lon intctvsl , itnt) jriitii.-<l V'*l- 
Terlnn. di^lorinfl »oou afti:rwiir<u ihm llie 
willnliiuli heaudPa«toii luul prupuuiiileil waa 
fabriratod b_v th'-m. Uowi-» aiul V-'lvcrToii 
DOW •wrrtMl llifct lh«"v, iw Kii^Iolfi* Iwwful 
exwiitors. Imd a riglit to spII CjiisUT (Vtl« 
to lltu IluU'-' of Norfolk, and procpodfil Ui Ju 
80. Tin- iluki" wAfttleni*-d prt*.ws»i(m hv I'aft- 
toiit und tt>->k il after a fiiitr*-' ( Aiisust l4d01. 
Tlw ili"niii.. rontinuf-d, l>4it fiunllv, iifl**r Ihi- 
dii' ■ in lijfi, iJie cattle was sutren- 

di- I ion. Il wssdold by tJm P««ti>iin 

to & orc-uior nAm*?d Crow in IWK*, nnd is 
uow a roinyi«tu ruin. In 1 174 an nffn^menl 
WM niAdi^ betwM-n \Vft>-nfl>-te itiid SirJohn 
Puion ro ntlaoli FusUtlf* cdlfiriatw bt-una^ 
to ihi- new Tnundtlion of Miif;dfil'>n College, 
Oxford, for tb^ Biippon 'jf el-vi'II prii-fts oiid 
■wen pO"r M-iioliiri>. Vttfi- Si:iluH IV au- 
thorrUen tbia diversion. Atlltp same time 
Wnyuflt'l" rpcciv<fd t!ie mannr of Krnvlon. 
Thill* Kiksinlf proTiM] oni^ of the Mirlr Iwofr- 
faelon of Magdalen Colk-p? His armorial 
bearincA nrp i-mbWonf-il rm xtiiL-ld.* l>oi!i on 
tbe wainMOt nnd in the windows of the hall, 
and m tlir siatutt-a cf tlip foiindcr^l4?l) the 
pi'rfxnniiim- 'if mnM«c« fiT hi* soni w«i* n>- 
pf«l4-dlv enjiiined on tlii> rolleitif nurhori- 
tii«. Ati old collop* j()k<? iiit?knnmiK] ihu 
wvrit ' (Ii-mipH,' or nrhidan, who tH-UffitwI b_v 
Fafltolfs bcquPKt, ' Fftstolfs hiinkrnm-mi'n ' 
(CliiXDiXB, iVatptfirtf, p. 2^)7: Hearxe, 
Diary, iiiioted by'HuiSiM, i. t*ii-ilO). 

Fa5toIr»poi)tbumouB r^'putiiti'in WMBomi*- 
whal Hoabtinl. llr*yton KidcRi*.* him in hi' 
' l\)ly-OIbion * (H'ln^xviii.), hut Shaki^pitire 
ta crodil-'d wich havinjj bostowwl on bini n 
rcl^^ritv thnr isliiftonrnliTiinniiiboriK'-d. In 
th* folio odiljoit <if .■^liakfip-.-nr"-'-* u .irk* I''a»- 
tolTa name i.« Rpell l-'alstalt when introduced 
into ih(-' F"ir»t I'lirt of U'.-nrv VI,' This may 
M^lO to ;riv» arlditiiiiiAl wcitiht to tli>' thdorr 
that tht- Sir John FnKtalT of ."^hnkwiMare'a 
• Ilforv IV* and ' Mcrrv WJvcsof WJoiUor' 
ianHitiricpnrtrailof.SirJohnFnfctoIf, Shnke- 

Bpi'nr,. ri-T.-, .:. T '4 I' ,1.' J H'U> hnVV IlPPH liroiiffht 

ii]< h*' Otiko of NfirfoIJt, 

a- . " hart' \>wn. Fiwtolf 

Iti ' It) SouihwnHr. nnd hi4 »"n-Bul, 

III "T, «Tol('t/*J.ihnl'B'iion,:i7Aii(r, 

14o«, thai hia n)a»l<T vtut nniioiiK tliat he 
ahoaU K-l np ai the IVrarV Il'-od in Souih- 
varlt ( I'atftm J^tlrr; i. IHI V FnlRlniriii wi-ll 
■ffl'inint"'' With Smithwiirfc. iind the liivt-m 
■:iiMii lh>-|ilnv tji 
til' -It. Thi- ftuir),'" 

of. I -■ i',i-i'.ir.-.i ri;;.,v 




(■•'rtainly aiuituit'd by Fidh.T to hai-<i aUaokiKf 
FaslolfB nn-morj- in \\\i Fal-TAff, for Fuller 
roin])lniDL>d in his notice of Fastolf that * Iho 
atAff.- hav.' Wn ovcrNild with his memory, 
makin^ir him a thraflomoAl ptilTnnd t-mbknk 
of uioclf valour.' The nickname iM^tituwnd on 
I'V-tlolTs Mliolarv at Matrrlal':<n in the .■M>ren< 
t«entb and ei^biefnth ct^nturifitof ' FsKtoirH 
hiickr&m-mi'n ' is coasi^lent with FoIIit'ii 
vivw. Itui ttiat tla* voincidL'iici.'a Iwlwivn 
the carpers of the dramalic FaUtalTand the 
hifetorii' Fa^t'jlf arv to a Iar|(o vxteni Dc«i- 
dfnlal lA shown hy <ho aM^nrtninvd fact that 
ia the urifirinal dtift of Henry TV Fiilntaff 
kwTV th" litli; of .Sir .ToUn (lldca«tle, and ihn 
nameof Kal-BialTwiui nn]yi>iibAtttut>.^ indefcr- 
rnce, it i« said, to the wish of Ixtrd ( 'obham* 
wlio clnimM d<'«pnt from Oldxraatle. Mr. 
(tairdn«rKUD%Mt«that Fajitoirsctrpuledaym- 
patby with Lollardism, which is by no means 
Linjved, vnciuniKcd ^hakeHpnrv lo bestow 
bin name on a character piviiotwly bj-iirine 
thv appoUatiou of an «cknowl>-di^-(l I^Uurd 
like OldrjLHtle. Slia)ci.r4pi-are w!<n poesiblv 
under tJio miaapprebension, ba.»«l on tho epi- 
«»d» of cow«rdiee reported in 'Henry \ I,' 
that the militAry exploits nf the hiMoricalSir 
John Fastolf BulGciently rcaembled tltowt of 
hi« ownrioton* knifirht toJustifvlbeomptoy- 
meDt of a corrupted vcrviou of but nnniL'. It ia 
of cotif»e untrue that Faatolf waA wer thi* 
iniimaC' ii**o<.'iat(?ofHi"nryV when prince of 
Wales, who wo^not hi« junior by nion>lhiio 
ten ywirs, or that ho was an impocnninu^ 
MTN-ndllirifV nnd (^nivhaired debnuchee. The 
historieal Fastolf w.-w in nrivnt*- life an ex- 
pert man of biuineM, woo was induljrent 
neither (o himtrlf nor to but fricn>la. Ho 
was nothing of n je«r4>r, and woa, t» spila of 
all impntAtioni to the contrary, • capablo 
and brtre soldier. 

(OMys iTiotributod a Life of Faalolf to thn 
Itiog. Hrii. Ut I'd., bat in Ki{>pi>'(i tditioa thi* 
waji Inritcly ro-writtpo by Goagh fn/m I lie Miicn 
of th^ Norfolk Antitjiinnr.*. Iii- Novn, Muriiu. and 
BlomcdelLt. A mnntiMnji'.Lif*' hyAnloiiTNorri*, 
in tho poKteaiion of Mr. Waluir Rvr. luw l>w,n 
eoimllad by tha praa«Dt vritrr. Anitifi. in tii 
Memnriata of tlie Ordrr of tlw 0«rt»T, «rrn« at 
Wiiiflh of Faalolf, S*fnl!i»fijt IiiiMrcurin>'(ir- 
folk, Paston Lstten. ed. Gairdncr. wlfra Utth 
LASt and ialrodiiMiona atxiand ia i^furiincpo to 
Kaatolf; ni'mi..!Ul.l'(i Nwrfotk. ui. ail*^?; Mfin- 
ship's Hist. of flr««l Yanuoaih.rd, Palmer. I Ml, 
t>. 205; V^k.i\ Anclin^i, 1865, li in7; l>tWMi» 
TnmfTV llUt. of Cuialer Cwilr. I8t2. O. p. 
Srr<)M'< HiKt. of CmUo Conbe. I8A3, pp. ISH-Ol. 
Vf.r hi-i earlier explirita u* Vrtllot dc Virivillu'it 
II ill (lira d" CharlmVII, 18113, vvl.ii.pii'«<lm;J<'nn 
il>' Wavrin'i (.'liroai(^|uai Aochirnnra, tA. Ub- 
pnnt ; (Iai«n'»}liat'iir«i|r9 It(ifi>n!i >!<■ (ThaHn VIl 
ot IwfuU XI, wl. Quirhmt ; :ftavriui>n** Lttttn 



•auconi 



940 



•auconDndgc 



»n4 Paper* relating to ll» FfMn* "Warn aiidrr 
Hunry VI. vo1«. i. ii.; .Mwnrt«!!rt« Chroniqiinw, 
•d. r»onf !-I''Ar«), Tf!. iv.; HaUV llruft-.n*.. an.l 
HoliMhe<1i»<hr(niiclos; Rym*r'« I'cmlmi; PoU- 
.](m> Veijjir. Hirtofy (C*nwkB Soe.>. ww 21, 38. 
I'orluaaMomttianwiUiSlii]M[WAi«'«FklslairaM 
Ftillor'aWonhiMiCtipetl'vcditi'MiafShBkMpmre, 
i. 221-8; French'* ShftkoBpwriaBa GeiiMloipc*- 
pp.07. 138; T.P.Cuartrii*T'«(Vnnmontnri» on 
tin Hi9bjri(»l Plajs; J.O. nAlliitlli Charnrtrr 
■of Sir John F»lirt*ff. 18*1: Unininw and Spwl- 
■Ainf'a 3{udiM,pp.U-77 {on the lliataniiii Ht»- 
toeul in 8lujE«pwt«'s I'aUtnfT). WUIian of 
WoreMw'ii ADimlMMfoT* to h'\a oirwir. *» wll 
^w Culuo'* InirodBctioB to Wottcshira TOionn", 
Tally of Old Ag«(l4ftl>. Bmidwi th» dnnimontji 
nUting U> I'aalolf in the Pasioa US'*. « f-w , 
otlivn nro amatig tbn mnDimeDtn nt MftstUl^n ' 
<?olltffr, 0»fQpJ; »w Ma«»v'« NiKo* frtuu ihn [ 
Mnirin«nt0 of Ma^t»n Collogr. Oxfunl, I9«3; > 
J. R, BloMm'» H«^. of Magdfcka College *ol.ii. I 
p. xri. vwL iv. pp. x-x«.] 8. L.L. | 

FAUCONBERO. THOMAS, Thk Ba<»- 

TAHD OF, M.llH'linliX-nU.^lTuOMABTDE Ba3- 

-TARD (rf. 1471). was the naturul fOii of Sir 
William Ncvill, baron FnuwiibHrtf in U'JO 
ttnd wirl of Kent in UKi.wliol'mkiinafliTf 
part in 1461 in Hftting Kdwnnl IV on ll.e 
throne ia tlia place of Hi«irj VI. In 1471 
the Bastard WM in the Btrriw of tli" t^l of 
'Wiirwick, and walouoly jupjioned ihn eiirl'H 
Att<^m)il to rflinBla1<t lli;ni7 VL He was a|>- 
iwinU'd the captain nf ' Wiimick'n niivy,' iind 
van.* dinct.ll to cTalm alxiilt Si. OeofgeV 
Clianni'l between Hi'v.t and Calais to inWr- 
cypl ii*i.iMl«nci' rfffliinp t" Kdwanl. .\lx>ut 
t^l<^Jfll■•wflheUtlk•o[''^.•lvkes^)ll^J-(4Mny), 
■when' Ki! ward f^ined acomplcto victory, llie 
l(a.4tard roct-i v^ order* ti>rn.iM- thw wmnty of 
Kent in belialf of Warwick and Henry VI. 
1I>> marclicd thmiigli Kent and Ktwux, and 
«otIeiTt«d a lar^ niimbor of mon. Nicholas 
Fnunt , ihe mayor of Canterhiiry, actJVBly »»• 
«ist<^hiui. On H .May tlipB»»l«nl npjM^mvd 
at Aldfjatc and (lomandrd admiMion to the 
<ity of London. This wm rerused, and thu 
Butard aet lira to the eaatt'm ouburb*. The 
citixen^ met the utlack rijioroudy, and pur- 
(me4 the Ba»Unl and hid army as far im 
■Slratford and nUckwnll, but lL</dpuntKe his 
followers wrowRlit onthehanksoftheTliftnios 
-was long remtml>or>'d (cf. Wright, P'dituai 
SoMi, ii. 3T7). The liaVnrd nft.Tinini* made 
hit wavw.^twurd to Kingwton-upnn-ThanKW 
in tiuniiiit of KdwtPd IV. T.ord Scnli-*, who 
Md Lond'in f"r lywnrd.reoognw.'.l I li« kinj^'s 
danj^r, for the BostanTti anny was ualimalod 
nt twenty thousand men, and iwcruita wi»rc 
«tnt4^ to w- si ill coming- iu. .Scaiea sent word 
totht- HastaH that Edward IV wa» (juitting 
KujiUnil.ftnd iIiuh indiici'dthi' llaMard to re- 
turn tuUUckhvath. TiK'nct^thoUaatardjour- 



nrynd with fix Imndivd hor^man to It 

l«r and .Sutidwloh. II'.' niou Ic.imM 

that Wnrwirk's cbilw uraa Irua. l-»wir 
marchw] on Sandwich andnpliir^l ttiirt« 
fihitirt with moAL nf tliA Basrard'« imr 
followi>rs. Th« Bastard htiD^vlf cMie 
SoiithAmptoa, wlmri' ilm HiiSii' of Yorl 
liim )'n!ii>n<.T. He wnji ttib'ii Th(.'ne(' 10 ihtf' 
ca:ttlr -ii Mi'Idlchani, Vurlnhira, and thvm 
WM bchisulrd on '2'2 '?>ey\. 1471. His hMiL 
wad Mil oil I..ondi)ii llndptf, * looking into' 
Kcniward' (I'ttAlon Letter*, td, liainliiiTj 
iii. 17). A bp>ihvr is stalnl to bavu bven 
[•ris^imtr itl. the name tina*), but took ioni'- 
liiary at Boverlcy {ib.) 

[Wnrkwortfa'a Chronirip (Ound.SiK.), pp. U 
20. (JJ; 8i«w'a Chronielo (lea?' -. ^•>i--. 
HiMUd'fl Kont. \r. 360, 43,1: 1! 
niclp, ni. Drafton and KHia, ji|i. 
doroVergiriEi»torjr<CaiDd.Sw .),!». Iu2i. ii4.l 

S. L.L. 

PAOCONEERG. Urd (rf. M63). [Sne 
NrviM., William, Kaiu, of Kejtt.] 

FAUCONBERO, Eabil (1027-1700),] 
[See Bbl45T)(E, Thomas.] 

FAUOONBRIDOE, EI>T "^ " ■: (* 
\'2'J*i), bishop of London, is 'i n d( 

dcUnitt' M-idpnoe, a.* a nativ* ... ■■ ;.-iiii 
and as a n)vmh<;r of the noble hoiL.ii> 'if ihit 
uaniL't Kt'Li.EB, ll'ortJiirj, ii. 'JnO.t-ti, NioimUj 
Fi)!**, JuHiiM of K/i^laiiJ, ii. 324). H" ftnt 
a{i]M'ar»iii lllKJasarovul Jiialio*, and dv 
thi> whole of JuUnV rulgn and the purlj] 
of Ili^iiry III h^ )R conRlanlly mention 
records AS lAkingjMrt inrarioiM judict^^ 
oeodingM. In I'JOi be M>rvi>d nri su eml; 
to Flanders and France ( ffr>/. ('/aiu. i. Itt, ft9]| 
In 1217 be wa« appointed tn<aaurer, the lir 
rvft-renn* to hU ncliug Jn that ortlo- l»'inj 
, dalt^d 4 Nor. {16. i. .110). Of eicclt!)>ia->lifa 

fp'ferment he had obtained th« pr-.'beud 0. 
lolhom in St. INnl'a Cathwlml (l.i; Nbtb^] 
[ Fn^rfi JCcfl. .1 ■ ■■■'' ' !I ■ 
niiury I22tt ij 

I of ,S.'M«a-l'l.ki^ 1 

loloiigdiH]iut4!fl in thn I 
' of his siR'cvssor, which :...i> . 
tbr unanini'itia t<li.i'(t<>i) nf I' 
25 Feb, (Ann. L'lnrlnnir" •' ■ iv 

Matf. Vkkis, Hut. M ■_. 

orCovaN-|-HV,ii.249; Ann. H''>r(w«r^r,p.4l4jj 
, Tlic ^Ittction wiut conhmiiil by tho \t 
: I'onduir, and on 25 April Fauconbridi 

(<oiiJH.-cntvd bisbup in th*- clitip-l '^f 9 

tharine at Wwtminstcr b\ 
! KocbeatAT, the Cant.Tbury im 

tohiseothfaemtionawiiylhilDihciiut} bai 
I hoea diapooed of. 



Faulkner 



341 



Faulkner 



I 



F&iiroiibriiijre was still occupied «ith staio 1 
RtTurf. It is not crtAin how lijri^ hf hHil 1 
ttiD t rLtteureraliip. Under l'^J'2 Maliliew . 
I^l^ifttut:ntiuIls tlic drtilh nf Wilhatii of Ely, 
tniasurer of KnjgUnd, wliicli ifuffiTcsu lliul 
Kuet-Acegnvait upon IniL-uinin^biitliop.Lut no 
otbi<r in'a»uri-r i& uivnt lUDfid till V2sil lUuu- 
DALK. ChrtitUra Strir.t, ]iji. '.^-10), ttnd Wil- 
liam lirul been (''mirnnbricl^V pradeoeAsor. 
lo )2!J3uid in 12:i'<li<? wae«<>ui on embaaeife , 
10 J-'mne* (JM. CJan*. I .V>0, li. 41). On 
tliv rortour ocmeiim he was riiminiMUoiit-d to 
dnusnd NurtDandv Irxn] lioiiin VUl on hi» 1 
aceeaeMin. Tbe bii«li[>[) and hU roUoa^tvi 
ultimatWvnifit thpkiiijiAt (_^ni[iieKiii*,wliencii 
tbr-y bmufflit hicli To H-iiiry (in iinfnvoumblo 
nnxwvr (AIait. I'arih, iii. 77; C*or.(iK8H«Li , 
p,lt*7; AitN.nututabU.-p.fill InlL'lMFau- 
conbridgv vin.i ap)iouito<f to )ii<(tp Falli«e du 
Bi>.>i)iitA in ruBlocIv *ftfr the Aarrendvr of 
HtNlford tWilc {MiiT. I'akis, iJL 8">. 

As soon as lie l>efamf bli>liti» Fiiiiivntliritlife 
attvtiipt«d to exi>rrii)» jurisdiction ovit tbe 
Kbbot uid monkx uf \V lui miQstcr. Tim n^ 
sjstanoo of thff Utter ImI to An appt-nl in xhc ' 
nn)ip, and ultimatvty to n reference of tbo 
uiflpuif Id Arbiiralont. of whom Ajvlibiohop 
Lanctun wa« (be chief. The arbitnitors do- 
eiifA thai the nhbrr wo* unlirdy i-xt'Oipl 
fnmihebisbop'f juri^diclion. nu-y iiwiKn'-d 
tliii tnnnor of .SiinlmrT, About wliicb tht^n^ 
bod also Uwti H ilitpuCo, to the bi»bop, iind 
the church of Smibury U) th<- rhMiiU-r of St. 
Paul's, who hud Joined their bishop in the 
auit {ih. iti. f)7, 7*1). Il>- iiUo t'Tiiiii^'i'd in n 
quatrrl with ihn iminks of ( V>cjt<^nhall with 
rettatd tolhi'iulviiwiuiiiof CoiTRt-fihallChiirch 
(NEWixjuHT.ii. l.W). In |-Ji'.> Faucmbridg© 1 
■itMtuKl the confinnmtion of Miifma Carta ' 
{Ami. liurtvn. p. 231). lie died on 2 Nov. 
1228 1 Ann. I^ndon. ]>. 2S), «nd wiidbmii-d in 
hUi-nlhiylral (Msn. I'AKlB,iii. ItH >,U> which 
lie hod bi'en a li)M<T«] hi.-npfA*?lor. Ilia i-pi- 
tapli i« ^Ten hy W wvi>r (nnn n t'ultouiaii 
tnaniii>cn]tt {Aarintt Fnuemii .Vomimentu, 
p. -Vfiti. Hi* i» diwritwd as in utttry way 
comuiuDdnble and diM^ivet CWaltbb de 
CovrnTRT, it. :f4ll>. 

■•ol. iii ; lUCoesoahnll: An- 
' hrfttiipln. of lililtrarti J nml 

iiu ir.. II i.iH ;.i :: ."' . , IfciL Clmi* , Kt- 

ovrpu -Hi", l-'iiiiii I ii'tirii"! by Itwwrd 

CufnnttMiiNi) i Ncux'^t - li'-pcrtoriutn l->cl«- 
^AolJruin iMtui,; PumV Jmlitos of l^tiutAiMl. Ji, 

KAULKNER,SiitARTntl(nU0OKK. 
5I.1>. iirrti-ltit.'V), phy*iriAn to ihn forvM, 
horn in 177R, vrn^ the yniin^-st son of llu)fli 
Faiilhner .if Coatlt-Uiwn, co. Cailow, his 
OKiihrr hu»int' Ix.in u *''<i\'- of ihe family of 
KnniiddllAD. lleuiterfl 1 iiuitjrOuUe([i;,liub- 

TOL. XTIIt. 



Hn,in ITU'^.aiidiudiiecoiirae^mdiUilodll.A.r 
havin|( t nLvn lf>ctnrr-.^ on (diemietry and ana- 
lomy logelher with diMection"! in hii oun-i- 
ciilom. ] [e tht'n <'iit>rr«l 11* a modi<^n! »t udi-nt 
Hi I'Minbur^h, gnuluatiiiii; M.U. iu ItfUU. His 
ue\t tnij Venn* weiv spent in London in at— 
ti.'ndnno- at the l^jndon HoBpital.ilu- Wvnt- 
min>it«r Ili»ipilal, niid lb" Surrey Disiienaary. 
Ill I^^Oo lit: wn.t incorporated B,A. ufCsths- 
riuD IIaU, Canibridfitc.by ^irtiH-ofhin DuUiii 
<Wri^', fcwd .M..\. the MQie year; hia Oain- 
bndirt! M.,\. degrws tmrved to pmcuro him 
ihe ad rundnn dfHiri''* of hl.i itlmri maiir 
(l>nhlin), and finally ho lued bis M.A. de- 
pef of Unblin t« gwt iin>iriM>r«l«il M.R. i>f 
Pimhrok..- Coll.>{rr. Oifonl. on 11 .Ivilv IfiOft. 
and M.I), the -lav afn>r, In l**l>7 ht- Wame 
a tfaniiidale of tJie Collrpc of Phy^icittiis uf 
London, und was vlwl'id fellow in Jt*IW. lie 
ttftji npjioiuUKl phviiician to iho fonN^ ond 
served on thu etstf in Spain, Iloltand, Sicily, 
■nd Mnlfa. lu IHIO h<? jiiihh^bed a tract, 
'(,'onsideiatiunB on iho l!.xp'-'dii;ui:y of E&- 
tablishinif on llovpital fiirOliiiiin> on Fonsiffa 
S(.T\ice.' \\f wn.* at .Malta when tht- plague 
wu9iniroducedlhereinl&l;iriift«>r»ninliT\iil 
of !40Ttiir»lhvav''--u*>tl from .Vlrtandria; he- 
distinct til tied Itimself by tracing the wprvad 
of the diseAJM!, by bi* vi^roiui ndrncary of 
lln.i doctrim- of ciintNi^on. and by directing 
ihf iitiamnline procedure whereby tb".'dif*ti."- 
nafi Kept n-ithin htjunds. llvtumtntf lo Eng- 
land be wiu kni{;hl«d in February iHloaiid 
appointed phyaician to the Diilu) of f^uisux. 
lie communicated hi» ijxperienc»a of plapiM 
t^> iht' * F>!inbur};h Meaical and Surreal 
Journal,' April 18l4,tt*Te oridence in favour 
of its oontopiouJineM hefoTi> the lloufic of 
Commons' committet^ in \%\S\, and miblishpd 
a full account of the Malta oiithn-Hk in 1830 
f'Tr-'atign on th« Plajfue.W.ftvo, London), 
ilavinii n-lin^i from Ibe service in IHI.j, b^ 
«eiilt>tl as a physician at Chullcnbsin, and 
di«lat Uin r-sidvucw Ul Kvington.nenr t'hel- 
ti'nliain. -lA .Mav ls4o, nir.M ittt. In IKIO bn 
married a dauyliler uf .^lr. IKmnld .M'l^-od. 

Apart from hi* pmfes*i.jn he waj kiionni 
u an enterraininir narrator of voutinentil 
travel, lie piiblinbcd ibrm* work* of ihftt 
Itind : 'Rambliiitf NtrtuH and Itvfleviiuue,' 
l>;ndon, 1827 (vi*it to Fnuic*«) ; 'Visit to. 
Oemanny and ihf Iaiw CouoUies,' 18^9-30- 
1H:M. J vok l.>Mi<lon, 1833; and ' l.<'thTato 
I^tni Itroiiifham.' I^ndnn, Ih.^ (vi.^il to 
IiaIv). Them- writings orw excellent of 1 heir 
hint!. Olid am inlt'r?tpen»fd with mftiiy r&- 
mark.<t on home all»in<. which. %» ho oays, 
' have nn mora tu du with « tour lo IWiA 
thiin With the discowry nf llifl north-WMt 
poaiiatre,' but ar<_' inserlnd with ' an ntrocioti* 
obatiBkOCf proceeding from the bopo of doing 



Faulkner 



<4i 



Faulkner 



Bomu eo'xl, iii;uiufit ibu cit'ar CYiilt'nn' of &U 
bxpi'rn'in.-(' I'j till' OJiiImrj',' Out i>f ihew 
rfmiirliB lipmnR tli*- fi)llon-i«j pHmptiluU : 
» R.'ply to Clsricnl Ohjoetii.iifi,' 182S ; • I^l- 
l^TM tn lli« f!-,)Ui!irH tit I'liy»i<ui«n»,' ISJft (ad- 
rUin;! thrin to ^ta upantii]iiatf^d privite^ 
and Hjwiinis nvw dutim); ' lA'ttvr to tliu 
I/inl CItHnoellor,' IfiAl (pmteaxinsf aeaioat 
Itroui^^hani's defence orilitM'-^Tabli.itiedclMircli 
siiil nHrncittiii)^ ' a ivfonn in the minii'tn- 
lionn nf n mli^r)n of which yant InnlKliip'fi 
life U a coni<picaou« ornament'); anil n' Let- 
ter to t lift Aiwhbiehop of Cant or Iran-,' 1840 
(on Rucb ifrievaiice* as DOti-rueiduucv of tli« 
clptyvAnd thotltj^ht of tlie Uiahop of Qlouces- 
Kt and Bristol to Mulvero wlieu the chohm 
wa^ in Bristol in IKt'i). DeHcnhinghiaown 
aiibscriptiou at Oxford, hf asys : ' Down went 
my iianu-, niid d'lwn tnatit my finiti; and Uiv 
deOTee waA forlhnoming. flirned, Aealnd, and 
d(t]in;r«l, with a bouquet oi HoweTs to boot,' 
His poliliciil ciYMsl waA that ' ae sure m a 
lobsl'.T turns re«l by boiling, a v-'liig jpowt 
tory wlirii long in power. , . .' In 1829 he 
ri-fli«t» nu ' ttiv tsul)-Hcid disMnnlvr uf thu old 
aeliool railing ai ourclmrt-li,' but in hij* Ifttnr 
to Bniiij^liam 0^4> hp arf^ura for diaeala- 
1)liiihin«nt. Min m<v.f itntirtainingworlc, ihH 
* Viflit 1" Germany' (IftSS), ia dedicated to 
tlii< niik» of i^u«8ex, whom hi' cbiims tut in 
Aympathv with hii* frt-rii'ral viAWS biuI ii.^ an 
eoemy of ' obacuraiitiBiD.' 

[Qrtit. Unjt. i. 1845 ; Munk's Coll. of Phja. 
jii.; Fnulkoi'rs writingn quowd aliov*.] C. C 

FAULKNER, BENJAMIN RAWLIN- 
SttN (17l*7-]ft»!>), iy>rtrAil-pAint.'r, V.ni n: 
Manohc&ter, was at hni. en^tf^ in tb*> mer- 
cantile piofe»!iion, and for several vean re- 
pn^aontod a lariw firm in thi-ir petabli^hmc nt 
at CJibrnhar. NVhfn that place and its ^r- 
rison v/cn.' viftltcd by i1m< plague, faie henltb 
Bulfucvd (o much (liat ho was with dilGi-uliy 
bniiiglit hom>? to l-'iighmil. This wiii* about 
1813, niid durliig his convaluscence ho acci- 
dentnllv diMKivemd a talent for drnwine, 
whicli was encoun^d by hU hmther, J. W, 
l-'uulkner, an arttMt of nanu: merit. I'nder 
bi« direction FanUawT dcvnted himself to aa- 
atduoiifi aludy of the first principle* of iho 
art, and Epont tipwaHs of tiro years in lite 
tiTudyof ihuauiiqiie alone. Ue th«ncam«to 
London, and prartiftcd as a portrait-painU-r ; 
hiit he waa of hi diltidont a character and an 
retirinf^o diDpomtion that Liii inert (a with not 
hfM in the Hante cetimation in lyindon fu 
they wers in his natiro Uinrti. He first ex- 
hibited at the lloyal Academy in 1821 , *onil- 
ing two portraitA, and he continued to exhibit 
n-fulrirly up to th*" year btfoM hi* death. 
Uia coutribuiiou were luuallyporlraKj, hut 



lie oocaoionallt- painted atudivA of nanirnl o 
jcctA. lUreeid'.'d for many yearB at l';0"«» 
ninn !l!tis<et, and died at North Knd, Fiilhi)t(i 
inbl^sixiy-thirr! year.ou iftJUet. IHia. Uii 
bttat por1rriit:>atvin3JaiichceIeri)i tbeni^iiclt 
bmiroood. Porlmiti; by hiin of Juhu lhUi)(if.j 
K.K>}., ami John Mcriilloch, tU<^ g>^thtjpMi, 
are in the Ttoyal Socii-tr, London, lie alj| 
cuntribut^KltotheBTiliHblnslitutiou.tSuBi^ll 
Street Oallery, Bnyal Maiudii -it^-T In.ttitii 
tion, I.i\*ftrpool Acjidcmy, and other fL^hilii-J 
tion*. A portrait of Sir John Kn».*, thi-Ardi 
pinloriT, was lithographed by li. J, l<at» 
A. K. A. .and hi* pictures have ueen «agnv( 
bv C. II»th, II. Robinson, and otben»|| ~ 
stdvs |>ainl ipi||(, i-'aulkner waa an accomf" 
mit!ii<rtau, and wai4 for soni£ tim6 or^ 
In'iD>.''<> churuh lu Ualton Qonlvii. 

Josiir* Wiijirtjj F4iiiJtjrBR(^.ieOO-lSi'ln. 
elder hrot her of ihe above, •&> pracl Lii" 1 i * 
a porttait-paint«?r at Mimchc*li?r. He r'\lii- 
bitcd at thi' Royal Acadetnv, and about 1>1~ 
settled in London. He eichilntMl forllio 'mtt 
lim« in 18^. He paintt'd in miniature. 

(!t«l^\rfl'gD(niotiaryofAtti!it*iOHlBT'«P'e- 
ttwuAry of Kri-^nt ami Livinjc PaintAn : Itrynr's 
Diotiooary ijf Riintera ami Knjtrafe™, ml. 1(. tl. 
Gnven; Gmr<«'v Dicliuoary af Artivta, nf>(^- 
I ana ; PiLtato^d of the Royal AcodHny and 
otliDi: •shibitiuo.) L. U. 

PAULKNEB, nKORGE(l«W?-177o), 

btvibvollor, the tinn of a respectable Uiihlin 
rictualler. w soid to have bifin boni in l(>l«t, 
thoti;;h, accnnlinf^ to hi.i own At^ttument in 
NichioU's ' XJtecary Anecdotes,' tii. ddS-f, ho 
was seventy-two Vf»n old in 1774, but tbo 
hml Jjil" i« uoe«ibly n mi^priiit for 1771. TIji' 
ruditm-iUHOl education were imparted! >him 
by l>r. Lloyd, then tb" mo(«t emin.'nt tw.'lKMl- 
maaUT iu Indand, ntid at an e.nrly ai^ be 
waa apprenticed to a printer uamod TIiqihaii 
Uumi.' oti^ux Strwt, Dublin. In I7L'<1. if 
not Uiforn, his wa* ji>iin)eyman to WilliAin 
Bowypr [(]. v.], the ' k>amod' prinlor, ond ' 
ever achnowledttdd tJin iciniloeu with wbi 
ti« liad baou treated, in proof of which h« 
left by Ilia will t^-n Kiiineax to IViwynr for a 
monmini? wijf. In wmjunctiori withJazoes 
Ilocy Iw opened a bookselling and printi 
eatablixhinent at the comer of Christ (.'hu" 
Lane, in Skinner'* Row, Dublin, wIhtb 
comuMiiced in 17',.^ (o print th* 
Journal.' At the diiuoluti'in of their 
niTHhip in 1730 Im rwuovMl toiinoi 
tahin^ the entire intepoat in the pa; 
had ihn pood fortune to Im> nduiitlml 
m-.vt r<>lation»with Dcvin Swift, tn 
17>}^he was i'_'iiniuiiii<]t>d on bialtuMia 
barofHiel V :'l jinislnrha 

sectediahb^ _ ^.vwoj-cora 



tia I 




Faulkner 



a43 



Faulkner 



'ccnaiu quuricA Iitj^lilv retlcotiuff; upon tlie 
liunuur VI tliftr bouM-.' Two vi^r* nubsr- 
4[iu;nll_v tuulknLTWH^itivulvL-diuiiiore^rious 
lilei. III! |iitbli>li<nl in I7ft*l H omall 
lilui nritt^ii bv Dr. Joei«]i Hort, ihon 
jiof Kilmnri.', oii'l uf titk*«l ' A Ni-w Pro- 
paid for tlw> hi^er It^^lAtion and Itoprnvp- 
mml of ihu Oaine of Quadrille,' wbu-ii coti- 
aiatA B Mtiric r?r<!ivnce' to S«ij<MinC FU4I«>»« 
;h. TbU jiiibltfAtaon wn« hmuglit before 
tlit> IToiiW of C'ommODit and rot^d a breftch 
*if i>riTiK'po, whciyrnfin tbc jiiibli-ln^r wu 
rnnimilt«il (i> Ni-wj^tv, b«intf 'tbrown into 
■prtfl lUMun); ordimiry ft-lons, thoiifrh he prayed 
[to V- ■'linilti-d lo bitiL' AJiiT II duU'ntitm 
B few tiayi hi* wa* set nl lifierly. and each 
sf ilie ufficera K0C8pt«d in livu of thvir ftses u 
^Mjiv (if (Im n«w ediLidn iif SwiO's works 
vhifli h'.' had recflntlv priuU'd. T\u' hvihoy, 
nIt)ioii<{li very wealtliy, in-^er rvndi-n'd Inn 

Iiuhtir<ht>T tiny iu«i»ldnc«} lowanlii meeting the 
lenvy expen-iea in the matter, and far thix 
tw^lin-t I>»n Swift (iddrcfivd him in May 
17!W tt IflUT I'f ^•^t^•m^' iiidiiriiMtiou. An 
Vi-videut wlitcb iinun-doin'of Faulkni'f's le^ 
^hilt* hi.' wiii iu Lundun ibuut thii> dat<! ue- 
rruBiilal'vl itji«m{)Utalioii,aiid Faulkner, who 
Iotik] ATepittatioaforgallantrT.uged loii>s«rt 
[Ihat the injury waacaueeil during bt.i e.aca|M! 
fmcnajiMilouHhiuihAnd. HiBiroiiblpfllkmiigb 
linn's piiblii-aiions brought him tniicit rym^ 
tinthv. Hi* itljop became tin' ivntn* of ri'sort 
Jurtde must [irominvnt cliararlvrs iu Diibliii 
|lif», and iind'T th>.- pairona^f of hi* lil^rary 
[ifrieodit h- undertook the publimion of tfa!e 
Vnrient L'aiYersal llUtory,' the prinlingof 
hich vfiM cuiicltidml in 1774. Thi» work. 
lllto laD{t-at [lubliftbed in [mliind lo that dale, 
IS* ill <A'Ten fulio ToIuEOAa, and wutihl hiivo 
on'> ervdii to any prinlinfT pnim lu Kiir»iK-. 
i<iTi\ ('Unilt'rfifld, diirinit hw ririToyaltv of 
Mand, p*id greuL attention t/i rnulkiuir's 
Ojiinioiia, and cn oiM< ocouion |ir(irIniniMlhitii- 
flf ' ihn only lieiit«iiant thai Fanlkn<-r ever 
inlutely uDvemed,' The hints in (rovem- 
int which I he peer roccitpd from the pijb- 
ishi^ wer« jwrlly r>.-paid by «Uf;:(fvKlioti<i for 
[boiilu, hill Fiiu)kii«r dedinnl. much to Ihv 
^ret (if bU wift>, thu kuit.ditbo'x] which 
IIjAR] C'hMiUrliebl jihii^nl niHin bim. An 
nonyinoiw piN'iii, whii-h Mr. <iilbt.Tt UMrtt 
<i bnVK liecn tvriili'n bva yioinir]ia.r*oncmlIcd 
" j>rBiit, ■' I iwl oil ihis rf fa'ail ; its 

itii) wiw no irirte: orthc Knighl 

.. ini.-,' Faiilkni-r [.rv>ii>ct<-d « 
' Vitrin IU* llilx-niicus," which 

wi- I ■ ' * 'I "ripliinw of tht' 

r,friii' ' tittbe sclieine 

■W*^ i. . ... ,....ir.n. In ITfiH 

lie wa» nttiivrri'il t-i Roman I'athnliriom, oiid 
ipoodilj' bocjiuii: a tiialoua advwatv for the 




relaxation of tlii) peiial codv. Thu laws of 
copyrii^hl did not extend to Ireland, and mo«t 
of the chii-f ['lB|fli(di works wftrs |)inted ta 
Dublin. \Vhen lUcliurdaon ws« about to 
publl«h hi^ Durol of ' Sir Cbarlee Qtandisan/ 
it was urruiitp*<( titnt I-'aitlknnr should siniul- 
tancuiuly produce it in Ireland hy iiM^«ns of 
pruof-nliwtH 8'--nt to him fnwn London. Ac- 
cording to hit own account, Faulkner (bund 
out that thr«B other bookitetlDra io hi« ctty 
bad by tomu illicit musna also oblain'.'d ad- 
vinoe-Bbe<!t4, and he ATOordingly withdrew 
From his bnrgain. UiobardwR, on tbu othor 
hAD(I, btdi<'v«! that the four boolraellera were 
8CliugtucolliJ«ioii,(i>id«i)ntiticuntly reminded 
Faulkner that in 1741 tie liad pirated tli« 
novel uf PauK'lu.' Thi^dilTeTBULolcd tpseve- 
ral commtmicat ioiLi in the lluhlin |inj3iTH in 
OcIobiT and NoTi-mber 1 "oS, and Rk-hnrdwn 
i.itsiu^d 'An Address I'jthw Public, I'.Vl.'wliich 
ia nUo found in the aeventh voliini>% of ' .Sir 
('harlfn Omndimn,' on the treatment which 
he had met with fn>m the Dublin piibli«her8. 
By \7tyj Faulkner had Iwoomeao well-kaowu 
a olianirti-rthikt Knotc determined upon bring- 
ing him upon the utag^, and hv figurvd undor 
the namu of l'et«r Paragraph inFoot*'a pUy 
of lb45 ' Orators,' flrstpiDoticcd at the H&y- 
mark«t in that year. ThA •uce««i of llui niec« 
and thii ctrcumatanre tlrnt Faulkner did not 
endeavour to inlerftire with its jwrfonnancv 
in l^ndon. but conaoled him£rli by nrinlinj; 
tht' UbijI and makinE large profits from its 
dale, emboldened FootA lo jirodoce it at th« 
Smock Alley Theatre in Dnbtiii. It wu 
iviually AUceeMfu! in Ireland, but the prolila 
01 the lepreoeDtfttioQ wi?n: exluiut«l by tfao 
dikmagvs which Faulkiier obtained at iliu tIkmi 
of 17l>:! in his action againat the author for 
libel. Foole'fi poetic ' Addrvc« tu thu Public 
after ft Prosecution for LiW i!tuKut*sl intlm 
' GvulWnuin's Mngaaluti ' for 17o!t, f. 3^, but 
he adopted a more dirtid rande of relaliatico 
by nimickiug on the Uayroarkct atiige ia 
170il tin; whnio body of indge, jurv, nnd 
lawyers in a'diveraio'n'caiW 'The trial ot 
Samui>l Foots for a Libel on Peter Para- 
grnph.' By n eimnge coincidence Foot« him- 
•elf subsequently loat one of ku toss, wli«n 
his remark woe. 'Xow I shAlltak« oil* Faulk- 
ner lo the life.' A mianvl Wtwwn Faulkner 
and a man previously his friend, tiurgvs bil- 
mond Muward, wliupnuitiMd u an ■tlomcy 
in |iiibliu,andIong«atobecoiin(lamJKpont, 
wiiA the rnuae of the nppanuicvU Dublin 
in 1771 of a pontic " Fpi«ili.i l.j Oor^TM EA- 
mondllnward, R^,:w:ih\ot>.'.'tl%xplanalory, 
Critical, and ni«lorical, llyOcorgoKaulkner, 
1*^1,, and alik'rmon.' Hol^Tt iloph^^m waa 
the prini'ipiil autUorof lhii>»atirc, wbicli uaa 
compuBod in hdiCulu of Ilia aldvnnan'* iiiod« 

b3 



■aulkner 



*44 



Faulkner 



of litunir^' i>iiii)Hn>itioa ; tlir fixlb odiLioii ap- 
pAaretl in 177:^; it [ittiLsnl tbrougli iii»<^ eifi- 
tions in fkU; «iis included in tha fourth 
viitunw of llillv't * Krp(Mit<ny, ' anil wan ful* 
lowed by an cpUOe from Howard. Fftiilkner, 
vUq luwnnU lti« cIoM of his life became 
eonspirunud an an rmh patriot, wm fiwyl in 
179d for not serving tbe oSace of slieritT. aiiO 
in 1770 woA swom m ftn dlddrioAo of Hublin. 
Hi* bLAicH were for good company, and!, though 
tliewitawho mpt b( liis tab1« sometimes uied 
him u nn object for ridtciilL<, ho could hit 
wilh vigour HI retdliatioii. llu told good 
Ktorit^s aboul Snrif), nnd provided hia gotta 
with nbuiidaiit cinrc-t, of whiL-h he could 
drink deep without gi-ttinu; drunk. Ktdiiinl 
Ciuuburliiud,indL'«<l,&swrlslIiat when Faulk- i 
ner became an nldprniitn lir grew j^rnvs and j 
ecntimenliil, bo tlmt he lam Km enpiging ', 
qunlitiw: but in bit li-tter. written shortly 
bofoiV! hin deuth, to Bowyer lni boa»tii that ! 
tIi<jiJiK'> inlinn he could still enjoy a Roix) 
dlnni^r from lij» lovo of pood ciaret, -rrliich ' 
was ' lighter, cooler, and ettsit-r of dip.-«lii.in.' ' 
II<^ died at Dubhn on 90 A iig. l77-'>. hikI ar- I 
c^irJiitg to Oilberl hif( Jeiith was ' cfiusod by 
a diatemptr contrartod wliilii dlnini; wilti ' 
Gomo fricndx at a tnvfm in tbe suburbB uf 
th** rity.' Ht? Irfl no cbildrMi, nnd lu» pro* 
porty pQsaed to his nephew, 'niomas Todil, 
wb(inMiiiimi-d I he «urnnn](.' of Faulkner. Mary 
Anne Fnulkner, tlifimi.«r<:iwof Lord Knlifav 
[t|. v.l, is said to have been tbe priulvr's 
niece and ndoptf'd duiijrliter. 

I'aulkner was called by .Swift ' the prtnee 
of Dublin printerB,' and there are numerous 
letters and refcreuoet* to bini in I ho <I«au'» 
workr*. I le wflA tli« tirxt to give * a collected J 
and uniform edition of Swift's writingn,' and , 
tbe edition which he is»u«d in 173A tm- ' 
bodied thi) gn>&tcsl number of the aulhor'a ' 
«iiteDdat>on»iiilii8Largo-paporDOpyufthetirit I 
impreasion of ' flulliver's Tnxf^K.' Though ' 
tiwill aflV\;tod Iw rejrri't the appeamncB of 
thlt edition, lio inl-rjiiMu'd on i-nulkner'n In*- ' 
hair when Benjamin Motle, n bookseller in 
I^indon, enilcavinirt-d, by filing a bdl in clian- 
ppry in l7S(f. to prevent ita sale in Fnglnnd. 
Swift's ' nireclions to Serractfl' wan printed 
after 111* d(«Ui by Fonlkner (174IJI, nnd in 
I77i' lie published the dean't works in twenty 
octavo Tolumoa. the boIm in which were 
chivfly wrilleu by Faulkner, iind have fur- 
iiisliM the ]>riucii>til uinlterofall ■un^OKliiig 
couuDuntAtom. The li-ttera from I-ord Chcs- 
torlisld lo Aldrrmao CInnrgo Fnulkner, I^r. 
Maildan, £c., were printM i» 1777 as *a 
»>iilipl<nni-nt t.i hig lonUkip's letler*.' and arw 
tnchidod in voIa. iii. ona iv. of l»n] 8tAu- 
hope's lolition. His paji^r was nriirinrtlly 
isstied t«-ic<: a wli^, but in 1706 it was 




bmuglit nut thrco limes u week, and t 
said lo have circuhitod nmoag iiu> !« 
nnd cull iir>>d claanw, whiln ihi^otlier juumalr 
wen' inojitly ui»wl 'by traders and men of 
buaincs.4.' About 1791) it bf^^amv n riolenC 
f^ivmment organ. [1r« portrait im^ngrav^tt 
in th'i 'MifCelUneous AVorks of Lord Chcs^ 
lnrfiMd' (Dublin, 1777), He was of very lo' 
sttture ami with avefrlari^ tu>ad. lli^i^h 
was nt the comer of l*arluiuient and 
Streets, Dublin. 

[Oiibrrt". History of iHb llty of Dablin, iJ. 
3l>-53LSwiflV Works. wl. IM3, (Vnwim ; l.'lie?'.- r- 
Aeld'sIxtUra. ei. MaIiimi. iii. 292-3, ir. pM"<. m : 
Hill's n**w*lJ. ii. I.V1-A. V. 41, 130; Nun'r-. 
B-MWtll. ii. w67; Cmik'o Swift, pji, IJ7, W''; 
mtirical printii ut the llriliah Mu-wnio. ir. .^30. 
486-7; Tidip-Tley'n Diet. o( Pntitur»< »cnl I'rinl- 

moirs. i. 231-4; Nicho^'a Li' ime^ 

ii. I77,iii. '208-9; Ni<^holi'sIIIr>-. : l.ilr- 

nttum, riii, 40 , flnnt. Uag- L77A, p. IM: Netca 
nod Qacrivs, 2ud scr. vols. iL T.] W. I*. C. 

FAULKNERj GEOROR (1790NI8K), 

the siip|(.mfl oriK^Iuator of tbe foundaiion of 
Owen.! I'oll.'gi'. Sf line heritor, w»* bom abom 
1790 in Oldhnm Street, Manchcaier, in u lu<-)i 
t>ll^^l his life wb.s sjx'ut. In Iwl'J he t;ni^n-[ 
int'i |iarinerAbipin a wcll-c-ttubliDhod firm of 
aillc, cotton, au(l Uneu ninnufacl urttra, which 
fltill, though no longer under his name, r<-n- 
liiitir* til |)nj»]i«r. For a linn- ils bii*iri.'-> 
included altne-apinning mill, in which Fanlk- 
nnr's intimate friend, John Owiins [q. v.], 
wafl one of his partners. At .*'>mi» dyit*- ^^^- 
fore Owens's deaih. winch happened in lf^t6, 
lie ia said |o liave informnl Faulkner thul 
he h»d made his will, in which \w had lef 
all his property lo his friend. Faulkuerd 
the story conttnueii, refused point-hhiulf 
accept, another fonumt in addition to lii 
own. Owcns's irritation al this singular cot 
diii;!, liowevvr, ocas'.-d afVvra f«w day^, wli« 
FuulkTier suggested to him the plan of Iital 
iug ihu hulk of his woullh for (he fiiundntii; 
of a enllcgw which tJiouM mipplv a univii 
^ity educstioQ unoondilioned by relipou 
teats. Aix'-irviing to a paper sr^nbed to 
Iftte Pf>3fi-s.«or ITfnr}' Rr^m ( tV-""/ ff'-ird 
1864, p. i'.7;i) Foulkiiprwas tf '■ ...|g 
for the original sufn.'rsf ion of I > ii 

cwpl.ioti tu ^JninuvlFleifher, .. ,,..„;., -jii 
luidubilniithnipicManclir^ii-rmHrchuul, wl 
utdJKc Faulkner. wa£ a nonc'jnformisl. loi 
ea»e tth- udrice wm» [Mh>*]t, nnd witon in It 
Owens College was atMiially calleil into 
at MaiicbmlHr, Faulkner wo* eltcti-dtho At 
rhaimuin of its tnistoeA. He tilled ihia _ 
eHieienity till August If*58, lakinn rei<eaii' 
up|>ortuniti(.-a of supplementing his fri«ai[ 



Faulkner 



»*s 



'aulknor 



p 
p 



p 



iHimific^nce bT liberal b«Dd'tccii>n« iif hi» 
own. IIo dim) 21 Fiit>. 18t}^, luiving IwliiiiJ 
liiiu a juntly li'muurml itniiii!. 

IThomtnon'itOwciuCollrgf:. MuDchMler 1(!86, 
pp. 5-I~fi.) A. W. W. 

FAULKNER, TJiOSrAS (1777-I8rw>. 
lApoffrnplifr of C)it>Wn Btid utluT loL-ulituw 
mIniiiV LuinJim, Uilongiil to n rc-jirclable 
fimilyi ftomc of nlioni IimcI luiidt; moni'V in 
tli« )iuili]ing Int<li3 in (hi< npet gf Luniloii, 
JI* w»* bi>m in 1(77, and for mntiy y>-nn 
kt^pt II loiuill tir;iikHellfr'« uni) istalinncr'itrihnp 
Kt tli« corner of t*tirailiM> Itow, at the went 
«id of tb--' fi>nt])ath running pn.<t t'hi-Iiwyi 
Uoipittil. Ill- i» stoieJ I'.i have tn?*" 'if limi- 
tod education, but ncqiiinL-tl ftufficicnt know- 
1«hI^> of I'micli and :?|jiinti»b \o obtsin eotae 
eniplftVEOt^iil as » Iruuslfttor. )li« hefpai his 
Jjt«mry curwtriu tictoberaiiil NovcmtH-r 1787 
liy CODimunii'MtKHtN to tli» ' (Ifnllr'iuiiii'it Ma- 
f^axine,' to wliioli he vraa aii accssionsl coii- 
trilxitor for over half n [■cuilurv. He w«j« 
«Un B 0Ptitrit>utor In vnrioiui vofumi-ii of llip 
«arlu*r Berks of ihe'Nf^w MootUj Mainuine.' 
In 1K)5 he pnbli<<ti4.-d u ' StiorT- Accoiinl of 
ChiUncn Hot>p!tttV'Jto,itud in 1^10prodac«d 
what is riin»idered hii* ba<-twork, 'A Ilis- 
I'lricnl &nd Tu]>o(;niphiciil Acirotint uf Cbcliea 
and its lORiiruiiK. ^^'itll biugraphiiTal biipo 
doll's of jIliiHtriouA and (•mint?nt porKons whu 
lui%'v rMidrri] in CIk/Imii ilurinfj thn ihrm 
preeedtDf^ wnuiriirs," liondon, nvo. Tho work 
WMdifdicattfd toNorili.bishopof Wiuchij»t*T, 
wh') thi-o biM) Ai\ orticiitl hoiu-e in (.'lieU's. 
Fftulkuer ia »aid lo have btvii ati^istt^d in the 
compilation hv the ICr.v. Wtvdon ltiitI('T,thc 
jTUttuger I_q. v. J, a local »cli(>i>Uniu.n^r. A m>- 
ooud wlilionof the work, in :!voIs. Hvo, dedi- 
oatf>d to thf Hon. G. C'ndocui, appciiirod in 
l&M. lu Itili FBiilku..-r puljli»h<.'d ' Hivtori- 
r*I nnd Topoprnphicnl Actvmui of the pariAh 
■if l'*iiUiaiii, incluiUn^ ihv litunK-l of Huin- 
ra«nuiiilli,' in Svn and 4to, dt'iliruti-iJ to Dr. 
Itondolph, thmi hiabop of London; und in 
lf2(Hii«'Hi»l'jrTani! Antifiiiilk-nof Kvniing- 
rriih Hiii{rraiiiiiral .Intydntt^ of Hoval 
l>ifiliti;;uiihMil'er))onaK*^(i,Bnd u IK'«rri|>- 
luguu of tbo Picturo* in iIjh r*W»? 
inrre}' lakvu by tho lato Itenjainiu 
'.R.A., by tomroAud of hia Majoftr,' 
Ln'ndun, Svo. This work wiw il<«di<!nU'<.l lo 
Oeorgo IV. TI»'pliilfj.in(fpnpnil wcri'-bi'low 
the rather low ^undarrl of tuto of the day ; 
bill, aunia flchingK in ii ht-ltrr ■Ul« uf art, 
iUiulmlivi- iif the work, wi^rr> piiliUshMl by 
Itobert Itanksfroin originul drBnintra in tho 
pouusion of W. 8iDii>ntU lliggi, FXA., 
UMni a mideni in Xcnaiii^on, and in 1831 
«i|{ht via(*« of Ki>w (tanhns w-n> piibliibrd 
Ami draivin^ b^ J. tiai^ajit, Rugraii--d by 



Il-WkUnukdJobnltoiiers. In IH»!) Faulk- 
ner luoagbtmt hiK* Ilittroryund Antii)uiii(M 
of ilammenmilli,' I^mdim, Kvo, dndicnlod to 
hw preepHt majptity; und in 11*46 ■KiiitorT' 
and .\nliquitif« of Urwnlfonl, Chiawick, and 
T-^lin^,' Ijondon, Hrn. Both the lattt'-r works 
contain bioRTupliical nolicve of lot-al nota- 
hililif-s [liiriiigtlii-thive pr.?c^inj? ocnfuriiM. 
Acompletelifit of FaulkDer'sworki, including 
mvoralminorpublicHtionii not in th«< 'British 
SliwnnmCatftlogHc of Printed Botjk^.'isgivm 
in the obituary notice in the '(!t:nilenian's 
Mnpaiino' for Jnno lK55, from which most 
of thv above delaiU. arv («kvn. A luaniuFcriEit 
i!Atalogiid by Faulkner of th« pictorea in Bur- 
liugiun Hutue, CbUvrick, 1340-1, fomuAdd. 
.MS. U-XC. 

Faulkner was u mi'Siber of I he Sorii'ty of 
AnlitiiiiiHi-)! ofNorninnHv. Elrilnvt nt Smith 
Street, I'hebiefi, on 2<i May 1A&5, ni tho a^ 
of spvenly^iehl. Two portmils of hint exist 
— no cxprcswve ono in ftvo, with'his coat 
of arms, and a -Ito lith'igtsph ioacribed 'J. 
rioIiTics, nd viTum del.' 

{Ovnt. yine. lunr wr. xlir. 219. A bitof ad* 
vrrx) criticimn on Kntilkncr's Hirrt. of Brwitford 
npmntml in tlie Atbeiiiruni, Xo. 945, p. I173i 
6 b»:. 1814.) U. ST. C. 

FAULKNOR, KOREItT (1763-1796), 
captain in the niivy, \vb» thu cldi«t i^oa of 
Ciiptain Hobnct Faulkiior, who, in ooinuianil 
of rliB ll*'llonaaf74 Biina, captured the Coun- 
(re>'< of tlwf «iu]« force mi 14 Aug. ITtH ; 
7randv>n of Captain Kamuel Faiilknnrof ihi) 
Viciory when she wiw lost, with all hands, 
on 6 (»ct. 1744 [a.v llAr.ciiES. Sir Jobs]; 
grvat-finndsonot Captain WiUiaiuFaulknor, 
who, ai^er »en iiiR thruuifh the wars of WU- 
linjn HI and Anm;, di'.'d 1it-uti.*nant-f^vrnior 
of Or'.-enwich llo^pitil in 1725; nephew of 
Ottptatu Samu*! Faulkwor, who served with 
credii tn the war of ibu Aiftrian HUCL-VMioa 
and the «i>vrn v<"«r«" war, and dii^d in 176U; 
oepbcw aUo o^ Jooalbuu Fsulknor, captain 
of tho Virtory with Kt'jipwl in tbn action otf 
I'nh&nt, '27 July 177@, wlio died admiml uf 
the blue in 1704 ; and Grat couiiiit of .lona- 
tliAH Fniilknor, who dind rmr-adminil of the 
r«'rl in IHfJU. jlij father, lIolM-rt. th»> heroof 
the day in iho autumn of litM. marriod Mihs 
Ltizatx'th Anliv in November, and died in 
May !7tll). liNivinK fivo childrtn. niooldtisr, 
Itobert, wiu in 1T74 u]<i<<)inti*d lo the Kcyal 
Naval l.'olli-ff<> at Portamonth, and in March 
1 777 was taK>'n on iHiurd the [«iH by Caplain 
C'oniwnlli», whom he futlowed inln the llrii^ 
lol, Itiihy, &[ed<^, and Lion, and wba present 
in the hollle of Orenada on <} July I (79, in 
the ^kirniisli with M. dt- k Motli- I'itiuwl on 
LS) March 17cO und tu that with M. da 



■aulknor 



346 



Faulknor 



Ti?n»v on 20 June I7H0 [soo f.'o([.vw*LLi», 
Sin \Vii,i.u«\ iiii 'Hy Th-c. iTso y wiw 

fromol«<l U) l>tf Q Ueuicnuit of the Princvos 
tfival, tlic t1>^'<!iliip of llvar-udiuinil Kowli'^, 
•D(1i ilif fullowing year lie relumed to Eng- 
land. In April 17^!^ he waJ appniuti-d t<ttli« 
Uritaniiiii. tlni^htp af Vioc-ndmiral Barring- 
ton ill till- Chanm-l. und aftfrwiinin nl. tlii- 
rcUi-forGibmlinr uidin the ptirountmrilli 
tk« combim-d Aw-t off Cujh' Sjnrti']. TLc 
llritAiiiiiu wiui {inid tilT ul tlin |H-ao<-. Hi» 
n«iirly continuoiis een-iw during the Wlow- 
ini; vf-iini ralla fitr no fipivinl nx'ntion ; in rlw 
Bummer of 1700 Im viu tifiiiMnnni a{ the 
RojfnH.iooiTfe,c*rrTingAdiuir«l BarriniftonV 
fluif, uifl WM included m the Inrffc promo- 
liouiuad«>'in (bediHirmain«-nI,:^:i Nov. 1"W. 
After comnnindinp thf I'luto fireshii) for a 
frw [DOnlhft ill iljL' summer uf 1791. liL< was 
lit June 170:1 OPpoiiilM lo thi^ Zebra sloop of 
]0 )^u8, which hu nHiimandi.Ml fur a ah^rt 
timp in thft North Si-«, /iiul tlwn jfunisl llw- 
fliig of Sr John JervU in th« West Indiots 
whWu, on I'O March ]7S4, bi« brilliant con- 
duct nt the raptun^ of Fort Itoyiil of Mnrlt- 
nii]ue won for him liis pramoijon to iiosi 
rank, dat^ on thi- vtme day. Tin- /cl>m iiod 
bwn loidoffioalK-ndon thcAsiaof OJ guns, 
appointed to batter the fort and to coVHrthe 
boutit of the liindin^ party: but, lU the Asia 
niiii-WHl th* cnlninpf. I-'niilVnor 'ilfti'nninf<I 
to fiTi>citto the HiTviL'o alone, nnil,' in thv 
■iv<)nl« of J«rvii>'ii dfupaloli, ' he exi'culvd il 
with matchlfws intrepidity and oondiirt ; run- 
ning llii.i /•Oini ch'W I'l ihv vrnll of thv fort, 
and h-ivpirig ovprboatd at the head of his 
sinnp'fi compnny, he aasdled atu) took this iin- 
jmrtant post t^fnre the boat* fould p>t on 
shore. . . .Nolanjriiiwr''ofininc,'iidih'<IJfr\ia, 
*can fXprtWt thi* merit of Captain Faulknor 
upon this occasion ; hut, a» orrry ofTiccr nnd 
man in the army and Bquadr>j» bi?iirf tt^Hti- 
mony to it, thifi ircompnrnblc action <?annol 
fail of Iwiiifi n*('orded 10 Ih'? iwpi; of history.' 
James (A'aw; IIi*t. ed. ItWO, I S-Ct) iin^it- 
tious the 8t ric-t aocitnifv of tho (lesputch : Ik 
thinks that (hit inf^n from I hi: linatH wcrtt on 
fibor^ firet und loolf Ihe fort, and that the 
admiral virtuatlv ailmittod his mt#takc by 
np^mhltin^ Pn[itAin Nnf;«>Tit, who led rh« 
hoots, to iJie command of tho fort. Hut 
Jorvi^ who never prnisf<] on li^hl ;ET"nnds, 
promoted Fnulknor and iiiipoinli>d biiu |<) 
tli(> Mate. Faullmor himself, nrilini; to Ids 
moilwr, snid : 'Tho Z^hni. n-ht'u *\i'< <-»mi- 
out of at'lion, niw i-het-rt-il bv thi- ndtniTiirc 
nhip; and thi> admiral himflelf publicly i-m- 
fanwM mi' on l.bit quortt-n-ilvck and ilircctKil 
iho band to play "Sr* the conquering hem 
comrs 1 " Such i-omplimcntA aro without o\- 
uuplu in tliu navy; I never could have dc- 



p«*>n:Ml lh*m.' At tin- wipiiir^of St. I..uc:ln 
few days lati'.r thi^ Unac ted into what 
known MS the Cul dr Sac, hat wltirh Ji-rvi« 
in nu-morr of Iktrriiijrion'B aetton with D'Ki 
Isi])^ [see BAumytiiox, SaMl-ki,], now caU«4l 
Bamngton Bav. Fnulknor wiis rewnrdwl. 
by betug movml into the Itlanchv, a fntral*! 
o^ ii2 froiis, ' wht're,' he wroi*, ' I mt-nft ii>i 
stop, not wlfihin^ to have n larger sbiji.' At 
Ouad>'l'>ii|>>',th*,'coni|iicst of which waacom- 
pM«d on :!l April, he wiu apiin fort^novt, 
aud at the t-tonuiii); of Foti Hi-ur d'£p^ 
had a luirrow I'scnpf of his life. 

Frviin Guadeloupe the Blauehe wiu: tn-nt lO 
Halifax to rffit, iind n-turni-il to the Wi-4t 
Indieijiin (rcloli^Tto Bud that theFp'uehhad 
recovered Ciuadc^Ionpi: witli the e3tt«'ption of 
Fott Mathildc nt Bn-ss<>tftrT<>, which held out 
till 10 l>ec. Huring these lii«t mciilli' nf 
I7m the Ttlnnche Teniainrd in the i' 
nei|;hl>ourlioud of Uuai!t:Ioui>(>, cur ^ 
enemy's communieations and ^i-atehiui^ ilw 
French fiijfate Pi([ue in IViute h Filre. '*» 
themomin^''of4Juii.1705tIw ('i<iuo was seed" 
to hf> undfr way, but coming out cftut [ouclyj 
doubtful, it would appf«r, if tht^ lllaiiche hi 
alone, it wa.i erening hi-forc she wa* cic 
of the load, followinp the BlunebH lo I 
southward. The RlaneheliavingthcntumKl 
towArdt> her. the two frigates met n liltl 
after niidoijihl. .•V wt:ll. con tested action « 
sued, the P!i|UL> bi'in]f handled in a gaUsr 
and M-amimlikH miinuT, and conatenllT li 
deavonrin^ to lay the Itlaucho ou board at 
carrj- her by for(>t nf miiwrior numbers, TUeaa 
atteraptJt tnfl Itlanche na rnnatantly baAledjI 
till a little before a *.x.,wlt«n her main 
mift-n ransis fell. Tlif I'i^iie then ran 
hoard heron the port (piart/T.and Fnulknor 
inleiiilin({ to keep lier lln-re, i'\iM>*«-if to tin 
ralfinc fire of the Bhinchft'rt (nin.s, prot-eede 
lo ]ii.sh,wit1> bis owi! hands, lier bow«pnt 
the Hlnnche's capstan. While Sii dning 
fell dead, shot thfjuxli I be heort by n mitslte 
hall. (HhiT hands seeur»?d the Whinp, ar 
tho llIaDrhe, puyinff off b^'Pjro ihe wiml, 
dniKgfd the rmi'm ni her wake, keeping r 
a Btuady fire into her Vwa, which the I'u] 
was unable to return. .Mti^r two liour» 
thi« uni.>quat c/inthnt the Pique hailed 
she hod surrendered, and was talf- :•'•■ 
Bionofhylln\-id Milne fq. v.], the S' 
tenant, who witli a party of ten "i - 
im liiiord. 

Thecircunii!l«n«'of Faulknor'p h'/ifli \jnvi 
an unwonted crlcbrilT to thi'^ I 
a4rttnn. A picture o^tlieaci'n 
eni^vix) with llu- lit.lu 'Death ot L'apU 
Fniilknor," is even now not nn; and a rnoni: 
inent by l{owi,erwrt<il in Ht. Paurf ( '.ithwli 
at the public ej(iien*e,fltill keeps alive thai 



Faunt 



Faunt 



of One wlmfto e*tlv death bat crftwnwl 
Kgloriou* |>roBUM) oiVm young lifu. 

ptKTiil Chftjniclo, xvi. I (villi n (wirtriul): 
Kiuf«'« Nuvul Bii>f,'nifiby, Ui. 308 ; Jituin vICiitiiI 
ni^t. I 3utl.] J. K. L. 

PAtrNT,ARTHtTR,itirplipoiiLitr»BSrB 
AHTiti'K tli->l-l.iyi),jeemt, Iwni in l&M. 
widltiini AH'tn of Willifttn Koiitil.riiti., of Fof^ 
tnn. Ijein'stiTshi rv', br hin ^-poml wtfi', Jan*!, 
daojflilpr of Gwjive Vincent. i«<[,. of Peckl*^ 
lull, nnd widnw of Xiclioln*. I'lirr^foy. (*q.. of 
I)ni>lon, ilfw(ui«ri)l. ti>)l>.Tti>ii(.'()Uvcf, Ux- 
toni. in I5WS. nod placed imd(-'r tlii.' tuitioo 
of Julin i'ult<>, a n'>u-d pliiluHuphiT, wLo Lutl 
rirevKiiLal^ b<»*n bis instructor iii fbt- rountry. 
FotuWiii^aKomaa catbnlio aflerw arda tt>ok 
I'uiint nwny from Oxfiin! wilb Ibf ri)n»''iil <if 
his [wTPiita, irbo wero r&t holier al»o, nnd in I )i<r 
li«t;innin);<ir lo7Uc<>nditeled inm in Loiivain 
uiu plac^'d litm in ibi- j<>^uit collo^ iberr. 
Aflvr ^mdiiaiinB U.A. at Loiii-ain be retiidt^ 
for Aoinc rime in Fari^. snd (bon proc«odfd 
to Maiiicli, wbt-fi- Willi^iii, duki- >>f Buvaris. 
«^0i£« biro H» bin Hcboiar. and uiAinl&iui-d bini 
in th(' gniviimtj", wbrivbo comtm'HcedM.A. 
In lii"fi be wi-ni N> ih" KnK''"'' tViUi-ip' III 
Ki>oii?, wherehe Rtndicd divinity.and obanged 
liiit niiiDv lo LAur^iicr Arthur Faunt. Soi 
lunif fifltT he vfl^ ronf)tiliili-<) divinitr rcAtltT 
in tW imIIv^, and wae in bic'b favoar wiih 
Vope Gpcpn>ry XIU, wb", in lukfii of bi» 
nffeclion, gavf IiIdi lin'nni lu niaiii' a »cal, 
vhicb, whpi) Bppr^uded to a docunipnt (drHwu 
op by Kawnt in faTourof anyorbipconiitrj- 
tDnij.woutdcnnbbttli*' lHran!rtiipau> tlirou^b 
forvt^ countries witbout fear of the Spaniab 
inquiHitirin or any otlutr tintilar danj^r. It 
WRitxiippiNwwItltai if llii^ponlitl'VliffHiiid bttJi 
]iroliiiii((Hl 1)0 would bav«! nui«>d Fuunt to tbu 
rutk of cnnboal. 

WIi«n the kin|r of Poluil wtjibliithcd b. 
JMMil rnllrp.' ai I'own, Knnnt was nppninted 
by tli^ p"p^ •<' hr its first n-ctor, ami he nc- 
conlinitly K-ft l{omo ua 10.iiinu liSl. Ale- 
(.-lunbi! dtatc« tlint hn Wn* iiroffjtMir of Orwk 
Ht I'vgcn tor lliiw! yw%, uul of nonU lliw- 
Jopy anil iimlnjv«r»_v f*"" "in* ywirs (liiM. 
Srrit'l-riitii A,;: J^*a, (vl, Aout.linvll, p. filJM). 
H- 'v»f«tt><'intHl bv tti«epirilualai«i 

t«^i] ■:■•< of lb<> l^olinh nation. A 

IrttiT ^'iii in Kirn to bis bpjllivr Anthony, 
ilalcd Ihmzic. li'i<'Si>, abovrs tb/it Uo nau ai^nt 
for at ibt- MUie tiinw \iy Ibn-o msvcntl princcfl 
(W'ooK, Aikrnr Oj-«jt!od. Illiiui, i.o74^. lie 
AiaA. at Wilna, llm fupital of iho prormoeof 
Lithuania, in 1'<-Uiid. <m '^S l-'i>l>, l.'iWUI, 

Hin worliH at*': I. ' V s Thwilo- 

(icw df r'tjri«ti in t«r' ," Powtif 

lAft), 4(0. 2. * AMirrtiiiii'i IdivloficiD m> 
I'bilowipfaicK, qun in Coll. PooMUueau Soa 




JvD. on. 1583 in solifmni kludinrum r<>n(v 
vBtiouo diauiiuindK pn^potiuuiur,* I'us«n. 
1681', 4to. 3. ' l>i>ipututH> Tbeologka d« D. 
IVcri et Romani Poniifim fluccoAsoris enu 
iu Kccli^ia Cliri^-li pHiicipaUi,' I'liirn, IfiHS, 
4to, 4. 'DocirinarallioHt-adt' Sanctorum in- 
Tucationn at vi-ncralionu,' I'mvu, ITiM, Ito. 
a. ' De Cliriilt in mirU I'Vcloia, qiupnam et 
p>'nt.'« quo!) vxisiat.libritn«. lDi|uibusC'aI- 
rrdiaiicm, LiitWrxnos f*! t.'4e(eriM, ijui w 
HTniigi'Ucos nominanlf ai't»no« A Cliristi Kc- 
clpsia i«w . . . deiuoDfitratur, •.•( miuuI Apo- 
logia AaMMtinnum fjusdcm initcriptionis con- 
tra faUw Antuuii S«dt-«lui vriminaliunw 
continetnr,' P«Jen. 1684, 4lo. ((. 'CVbip 
Lulbi-niogruin et Culviuiauurumopiiufrnalio 
ac C'atbolicn- Kuclmmtiai Uufcnnio, 2 ptirl<, 
Pweu, l.lfW, 4(0. Tlie second pari ImtK 
' llr Ai4{uslisMinioMiwwiNiicnKcio.' 7. ' Xit> 
Contrnvf^nii.^ inri-r t>r<lim>ni F!<^clL-HiAsticuni 
<>t Sociilarem in 1'olonia, ^.x iuf diuino, 
Ri-gniii, Statutiii, PrittiJi-(ty», iic Prwocrij^- 
tionf Tractalio* [fracow^J, 1W*7, 4to; im- 
printed in IBJf.^, undaf^in intl>c ' OpuMriila,' 
collecu-d by Mt>kOiior >St<.!pbanidi9i, Cracow, 
ItUl:;. 8. ' Apitlo(,'iu libri siii du ioTocatione 
c\ run^'rationo Sanctorum, ctinim hleae Da> 
ntitli* Tosaant, Thoulogim CalvinianwProfeaa. 
lleidelbcTj^'n. Criminal iones,' Cologne, lfi&9, 
rtvo. Powrii, 1.590, 4lo. 9. 'Tnwtatuit dif 
rontroversiU inter onlinem ocrli^siaaticum j£ 
U'cularcm in l*>)lonia' (anon.), \')fi2, 4to, 
lu. ' Di* Ordinatione ct Vocftticmr Ministm- 
rum Lulbumnuruiu ct Colviiiijitaruui, eorum- 
(\\\e SacTftiutrnl is,' I'osen. 1 1. * Umtio LabitM 
in Myiiotlo t'ul rocovivnti ProvincioJi. Uu 
cxuaa eC rein«diis llt-rvaoMn.' 

[Wood'N Atbons Oson. (Blioa). i. 5?2; PSU, 
DvAiiRliv Script oribus, p. 78V; Nicbola'a LoiCM- 
lorahiro (l81D},iT. 17d,17ft: UoM'e HiiC Pnr. 
An(;l- Sue Ji-«a, p, 17; Dudd'i Church Hat. u. 
IU. FHll«r«C'bnrcbHi*t.(]tr«trM-), V. I'G; D* 
Bnekcr'E {tibl. dec £criiiuii« dc UCompAgnio d« 
J^iM(l8Jtl). ii. iSI; Obv«r'«JMBitColloction». 
p. 89 . Folej'" Kflcordd, ii. 5«!, ?i. 627. riL 246 ; 
Cm. of I'rintrJ Booki io Bril. Mw. ; Tildiivt'* 
Uilil. lirit. p. 274 ; Burtos's Leicr^tMWhirr, p. 10.] 

T. a 

FAUNT. XICrrOLAS {^. 167i>-l(KW\ 
oWk of tbi' sijfnet, wm a Dative of Norfolk. 
A porsoiiof ibr* fuaf nanicM, wtto wan mayor 
of Canlwburj- and M.l'. for tbe city in 1400. 

CiUyM a prominent part in WarwicVa rebel- 
ion of 1471| activL-Iy aupjiortod thu Jlnnlnn! 
of F«un)nbi-i)( [q. r.J in bia raid on Lon- 
don, and was Whc«ac>d at Canterbury by 
Edward TV'a onU-n in May 1471 4\Vari(. 
woKTit. CAn-w. pp. 20, 1*1, 67), Th^ rlerk 
to lh<? siffnvt matriculated as a pensioner at 
Cain* Coibipp' Cambri<l)n>, in Jnno 17i72, and 
woa admitted a tcboW of CoTpii* Clirtrti 



Fauntleroy 



34S 



Fauntleroi 



Collegn in ihe mbip nnu-tfrsitr in 1673, In 
I he iiit'.'n-«l ln'TiMi.?dl'™ri*, wilnituft-J (Iit^St. 
Barthnlnmew maf"inrTV. &n(l w«» nni> of llif^ 
firettobrinjrtbent^wstoEnpUiK}. Alwul 15^1 
lie b««fn(- iK^rr-iiirT to Sir Fr»nri" \Viil«in^- 
hain, un<] wftneniragt-l iiictim'in^ ilt-spaldie« 
to Knulisli Df^'ntK abroad und M-ndini; honn' 
■*inl«-Ui||refi<K'.' In AwjfUNi IfWO.whilfiuPum, 
lie ini'l Anllioiiv Hhcoii [u. t.1, wIiu iR-amit.' 
his inlinisti^ frii'ntl. I'^ny in 15^1 he ept-at 
tlir«& *iid half in<>iilb« iu U>.-niiuTiy, «ii(J 
WM At Pifla, Padiui, nud (iertimi Urcr in ihe 
Mt»<.> year. Hv cuihq frum I'sm in Maivli 
1S8:J iitui n-tunied in Ffrbrunry IWJ-ft. Hi* 
BUDV lelliTs. Henl Imme wliile on the ronli- 
nvul, Nitnw liim In h*vi^ hivn «i nj^idtintm 
collwtor of infomiMian ami a inistwftrthy 

Siihlic APTvant. On tfS Nor. I5S5 hi* bMiimv 
[.P. for "Roronglibridgo, When wtll?^ in 
ICngUnd Fftimt waa ven,- friendly with both 
Anthony and Fritncis Bacon, and, as an 
eamwt puriiaii, vrn* imi>1iciily 1nuU>d by 
their mother, Ann.- lady Hiu^n, who ofU'n 
wroi'j {•) biT ifvtiH implurinft ihi'to lo bi'm-fit 
by Kiiiinl'jt ailvii-i'. li*- mpt Anlhniiy "ii bin 
ret-um from the continpnr earlv in lAlUJ.and 
cowiliirt^'d him lo hi« brother Frsni'iVs lodjf- 
ingfl in Cirny's Tnn. 'Itc ift not only an 
boneil Renlli--nian in rivil behnviour,' wroli? 
Iiddy llncfiniit thi-tinie, ' but ont- thai ftfiin-th 
<Jod indeed, and aa wioe witbal, having ex- 
perience of our Mate, a* ablf to advi»« you 
Dolh very wi*i-ly and vtry friendly ' (.Sprd- 
DTSo. ti/c 0/ ftncvn, \. 112). In H30;U-'HUiit 
woo clerk of the si^*!t, on oIIjcq which ho 
wa^mill holJinff oniOSi'jil. 1007. In .Mnt-ob 
IflOS-tJ tberi' wiiH lalk of his siirpepdinjf Win- 
wood IU Rnil)ii.«.'"julor ii[ thi* Hiiguw. In 1*V.U 
Fnunt obtained a j^rant nf rmn'n land.^i in 
Yorkabira ; in UM)7 tbe r«VPraion to Fulbrook 
Park, WarwicUiliin-, wid in th«> sanii.' vmir a 
[iromifin from Sir Koh«rl. fVcil to oblain somw 
of the Imul b-'lnnjjinK to the see of York. 
He mnrni^d (bi'fort* I'lAT*) the daughter of n 
London meix'linnt. lie wrotv ' A Dtsooiint© 
touching tlw OiTiw of Principa! Secn-tdrr of 
Stftli;,'Kj!*i'<unprinted),iiiliodloiaui.ibniry, 
Tanner Ma **0, f. 01. 

[Cooper'? Athena! Cantabr. ii. *77, «6fl; Win- 
miod'a Mi'iiiuriiLilit, Tol. i.- Birch'i Mfinoim nf 
'Qnevn Elidl*!-'). vols, i. and ii. ; Spcddini^'K Life 
cf Uaeos. toL i. ; AyMcmgh'a Cat. of MS.^.1 

S.L.L. 

FAUNTLEROY, HEXUY(1785-1824). 

Intnker mid forp<r, wan liom in 1785. His 
father, who bore the same names, was one of 
UlB original foundem of t)K< banking hoii»v 
<lf Hftnli, ^bh«ld, i: Co. of Bemera ^ir<v>t, 
London) in 17^3. Thp voiin|(i>r Faun(l4»vy 
«otered the honao u a clerk in 1800, and on 



the dtiBtb of bifl father in 1^7 irus, taki'ttj 
into [lart iKTHhip. Ht» bnon'b'dt;^ nf tin 
buEinti<wi waa exten-iive, and from ibe lint' 
almml iV* whole mnnai^-'metii Lif the bank 
and it3 aflaira wua h-ft in iii< baniLi. Da 
It S>-pt. t$'Ji an annouDo-oK'ut ap{>iwrv4 in 
the paivn in the namea of Ihe firm to the 
elTfet that il waa Ducf-suiry to mtspind jwy- 
mont at the bank in eoiutetjuenne of 'iIh> 
vm- iini>^|K-ctod nituation in which we lind 
nurselvoH pWed by tbv '.-xl nK-Tdinarr con- 
duct of oiirpftrtn.-r, Mr. Faiinllr^roy.' ^'annl- 
b-n>y had b(.->;ii arr<«t«I uu 1 1 Avpi., iind, after 
a private examination hefortt a mii|fi!<4mie, 
L-oinuitled to Coldbath Fields. Tbo war- 
rant was obtained on the depositions of two 
Inislwa of 1,000/. in 3 per wni. anntiirifs 
who Imil entrusted the stock to Faunllwroy jl 
the dindenihi were n^cnlarty paid to thvm,i 
but it was discovered that' the rloc\i bud 
been sold in September l8l'0, under a inw.-r 
of attorney, purporting to be signed by the 
truit«.v5 themaelres and by FauiithTov' and 
tbetru6te«i'«i^ulun.-s werv for^d. Xx ihu 
poliee-court examinat if m on I H Sipt . evidenc" 
wua given tlmt Fstinttemy had in a similar 
manner din ptMnd of utln-rsluck, repreeeatiiiK 
inims of 17,600/.. ■l»l,0<X)i., and fi.3*IfW. Ho, 
waji remanded till 1 Oct., when further 
cliar^A were pine into, and he wa» 
mitted for trial, being sent in the mnuniitne 
to Newgate. 0r>-4l publio exeitement was 
aroatedbTthecoiiCiand in the interval t»L'fonij 
the trial the ncwftpap*?r» vie<l with citrh olbi-rj 
iu publishing iitorteK of what was a1lff;od km 
ho Fiiimiluroy's diiMolute ami extmui^puitl 
mnde of life. The statement wh-i freely cir- 
culnteil that he had approprinteiltniet funde 
to Ihe amount of a qonrter of a milbon, I 
whol« of whk'h he liad souandered on tbv 
eatAblishments of hiH vanoits mistreissns inl 
town und country, and in gamblin<;. Tiiil 
trial took place on-IO Oct. at the Old llaileyJ 
before Justieo Park and llnron Ciarrow,? 
8t:vwi M'|inrale indictments wen* pix-f^rrvli] 
again»t Fauntleroy, and thcatlornoy-generulJ 
wlio prcisfcHte'I, relietl on the cwe in wliiclij 
thit [irii<'>n'-r bad furfrcd a deed in the name 1 
hip sjster-in-lawforthe Intnsferuf ri^^^O/, \U 
WM nble to prove one and all of IhncaaM I 
ciently for all pructicat purposes by tllR ', 
duction of a paper in Kanntleroy's hand- 
writing, nud signed hy blm, which containrtl) 
a lint of the various >.un)s fraudulently denlt 
with, and the following fltatemrnt : * In order 
lo ketp up Ihe crvdil of our bouM I havi 
fni^il noweri of attomer, and have then* 
ujv.m Buld out tbesi' 6ums without thu knuv 
h-dge of any of my partner*. I havn givt; 
credit in lb*- nccoiint^ for the intareflt whnn] 
it became due.* A poalacrijil added: *T1i 



Fauquier 



*<* 



Fauquier 



I 



p 



nitnk lir^ii fintt to rafiiun our ttcc-ptanopa, 
and ihervbj' lo destroy itiu ctvdii of uur 
liiMiH> : tliryitliMll IlicrufDrt' 4iDArI fur il.' Thr 
fraiiduli'iit imiururs had tir^l Im-^ii» in IHl^, 
Mii'l i''aiint loroy, liikviiig; the euliiv i>tocI<- 
nurkct bubinuftt in ]ii« own lisndfc, ttua lliun 
t>nal)l«d tu o*L-jipe (l<?t«ctii>n. llic diviilends 
WMv rvrfiilarly piiid to the rightful jiro- 
pri'-lor*, and i.-ntriirc duly nindc in thi* bniikH 
na if tht: trHHMiclioiis wi-n- jHTfr^'t Iv iit ordpr. 
ThtJ M*u WM formullr pnivt-d, arid l-'ntitit- 
Icmj- 1 hi'D iid<lrf !«M»d th«* nxirl in liii< d>-f<*ito<"- 
Aduiiliiiig hU guilt, he dvcUivd tlutt it hud 
hvffU tbnwtl uikon him by the instuliility of 
the lutnk'5 |»"miti(jn, and ihut every pnnny r>( 
tho iin>tit--y Ktj had raii<^ Uv (ur^K-ry hud bwn 
placed to ihcCrMit of the )iousf. iLnd np])litd 
to th« |iayiui.-ni of th<-d'.*iuiiadEU)X>u il. He 
«i[pljcitlj dcaifd ihft repfirts that had been 
euculatn] ue to ki» luwo ULannur of Ufu. and 
A ncftndnloiiii «>l<iry of hi;i trtuilmnnt of hi> 
wifii. He then cuilnd ns witnaaaefisaTiititwu 
invrvhiintu mnl iNiiiki.'nt, who teitiBad to lu* 
e^npral im«j^ty nnd iinspottofi r«put£tioti. 
The jury retumod n veraict of 'guihy of 
Ult«rini; the f()iyi-tl instrument knowing it 
10 Im forgwl/ and ni the i<?ruiinfttioa of ihi; 
■imiimi on 'J Nor. tht- rirc-onlor pronounced 
Cbo MUdtOL-u of di-uth. Evm' i^pccius of tn- 
floeace wu brxutfht Ui henr tn pmeuFe a 
oaramuution of tnv jtetwUy. The csm was 
twicp nrmnKl bt-furi- j iidp-* mi pnint* of hiw, 
nnd p.'iitions and appwiU from powt-rtnl 
i}aitrt<-rs w*re pri-synlt'd to thu home w«i;n.'* 
laty, but n'ithniit r<:-j)tilt. An [taliiin. Kd- 
mund An^liiii by iiaiui.', nf)ere<l lo fake 
b'dunth^DyVpInccon tlio ncnlfitld, and twic« 
appmli-d in nil tuvininsHi*riuuMuit!f (o the lord 
BUyor to bt* allowe<i] tfiiii favour. Fauntleroy 
WM cXMniK-d 30 Nov. IWl before a crowd 
wluch wu fitliiuiiti.-d to »uinbi.T u huii'Irvil 
thoiuand Mrsonb. A quite- groundloM rumour 
frao widuly bf.diL-vfid tu lhi> oUbct tlul hu 
had i;Mitt>iil ilt!iiih by th'> innurtioii in his 
throat of m silver tubn, which pniveoted 
KlrHn^ilatiun, and Ibal on Wtnn n-ntonvl t^ 
oonwioUBiiMsa hv went abro«() nnd livt^ for 
muiy ymn, 

ITimw and other ntrVftpApcn. Riptprtilirr- 
DMaiiilMr 18^4, ptwMiu - I'ii<ri?i> lOfpinV Am-iiril 
vt tho Trial of Mr. ]*<iuBtlarvy : Anlinr GriiGthi'a 
Chmo. of Ntvgat*. it. SSi-JOO.] A. V. 

FAnQUIER.VILVM'l.S U70i:- 17<>), 
flRAnf^ial writor, l<>-ul^riAnt-i[ov4'rni>r of Vir- 
Kinia, wiu thi> cldrrt Aim of l>r. .Tohn Trnocis 
Fauiiui<*r, onw of tht* dint-lorn of thi; Dunk of 
KLftland.who died i'i Sept. 1 7'-'"i i7/t>'- Itfff. 



1. H- 

Khe»l»-th CI. 
. «f the !:»outh 



lli« mtih'T* nnnu' »■[■ 
Hi^ wu» a dirwtor 
oiy in 1751, Olid wie 



elwted fallow .if ih.- Itnynl Society on I'i Veb. 
17-'iU, InJanmir^' I'.VSho wu^apiiointinlli'.'ti- 
ti'unot-eovi.Tnor of \ ir<{in!it. Dr. W. U-Jrdon 
(Jiist^, Vfitfrfv.itriil K»t'ihiuhmen( '■/ tkt Ih- 
tif'liritdr^nrf o/ tAe L'uitetl UttiUn, i. VK) «»y« : 
' 'lowordif ihccloi^o of 1 759 or ihw Ixt^'innin^of 
I7(!0-Mr. Pitt wml* to I'ran('UFnitiiuicr,i'Hii., 
Hcut.-gov«mornf Virpnin.and mentioned in 
hialtitCrrtlLat ihoii^li iV-rhad madegTantnto 
the I'otonit-.*, ynl wht-ti thi- ivar waH nvt-r iJipv 
should tax thxm in orU«r lo raise it ruvt'nus 
from tliJ-in. Mr. Fanquier in hi^answi-r cjc- 
piYisfuxl hi.i nppndii'nhion tliat lhr< mfa^iire 
vrntild occnaioii preat di?lur)>aiice. Ttw nn- 
dwar mipht divt-n Mr. Pitt from his intcn- 
tiiiu,' I'ivi* yiMrs lal«r Fauquier hml to dii*- 
itnlvi^ tbi* Yirtrinion IIou«: of Uht^'vsa^s on 
lh4< pnsitng of l*iIriL-k liuory'* fomoiui rvi^o- 
luTionsahont 1asatinn(i'A. i. 171). Hodii-dat 
WiUiamabiir^ in April 176'^. Oneoftbu Vir- 
gininn r^ouutiKS in ttitni'^d aft>>r him. M<iwa* 
marri'jd to Sir rharli>6 I>alston*a dautibttir, 
CuLhiirinf, whii was btiriitl iit Tottundtra in 
1781. 

In ' An Essay on Ways and MeaiiA of 
ItaLiinf; Money for tli>! mtpnorl of tin- prwiunr 
Warwiiliout Incn>a^int; tlio Fuldic IVbt*,' 
I'l'ili, KanqiiiiT, adopting an idt-a of Sir 
Maiihew I>eclier,propo»«d thni :j,:K)0.«KW. a 
year should bo ratsMl by a tax oil Iioumen. 
I(ii( iu a postBcripl uttiu.-lu'd to tbu sn-und 
Million lI7>'>li) h» explain;* tluit n-luit tin 
ivii^ht-d to do waa not to rerotnnvand that 

C articular lax, but lo initiel on lli» dfsim- 
ility of paying all charge.i« within ih>:> y>vir, 
and hu stLggveia u kind of capitation or in- 
comt; Un lui a ituMtituft' for hi» timt propo- 
sal. He held strongly thv Lbeorv that by uu 
□i««n8 could any taxation be made to fall on 
l-he piwr. ' The poor do not. never Iuitc, mir 

^tvisibly can, pay any tax whatvvor ' (p. 17). 
1ir tir»t edition of the ^naay <wbieb iadtxli- 
catttd to Lord Aiuon} imly bmn thu nutlior'a 
iuiliaU : Ihc second baa his namo in full. A 
third edition wnf published in 17u7. Tliero 
arttinlheHriti!>li Muaeum nine lottem writ ton 
byFauquiiTtoCoIoui>lIk»i<|iii-tb^lweunl7i*)& 
and 17(14. cbii-Hvr^-K|>ectiiiL'ihH iiiiliiitry fitro-a 
of Virginia, and om'tfiSirHi-nrv.Mooro.daieri 
.1 Feb. ITKti (,A,i,iit. .V6\S. -JUHI. L'lttW, 
2IH.V). Slft-.l. and 1-J440). A paper on a 
hailkiurni ob»erv«d by him in Vir^^inia mi 
il .Iiilv I7t"i8 n-HH ri?«d to the Itoyiit Sociuly 
'I'fvif TmifwrUong, 1. 7411) by hiui 
v\illiRn), who wait vlecttKl fxllow in 
1 74ir an<l died in 1 7t^ ( l.T80.f8, Ettftntt* n/ 
Jjiitdon, iv. 40(1). 

[<"ogrt and City lleit'^lcr- 1«*1 ; Thomion'a 
Hiht. of ih<' Royal Socirty. app. iv. : (imil M«c. 
xxriii. -to, xxxriii. 190 - |:Fna(f>:>pnd tnbU in tho 
I>oawMMoa«fO.II,Wotlaa(uii.a)q.,gfCltiaI«Jiuiat; 



Fauss< 



«5o 



Fauss( 



CUttUartmck's HwfnrdFiliiK, ii. iM; nodlmn 
Libniy Cot. ol iVinlot lt»ok> ; LuAJMt Muft- for 
irW, p,6oa.) E. Car. 

FAUSSBTT.BKYAX ( 1720-1770), ixiti- 
qiiArt', horn on ^l Ort- 17^* ht nappingimi, 
WMi Cauterbun,*. was lh« eldest of tlii> lliir- 
ti*ii rliildfL-D iif Urvftn r*U]!Ui<-l1 of Swptf- 
kucet, Keul, by iun wifi- Miin>', dHucl<tcr of 
HenrrOodfrpyot'Iicppingtaiiitnd l.ydd. He 
Wftc G<ln«it«d lit n Kvntisti (i^minAr ktIiodI 
imd nl U iuv<.i(tity Coll«tti% Oxford, wlien.' he 
wsskBown afi'thehttodsomi'rotDmouor.' At 
UxfvnJ hv >.-iid««vuun.xl to orKaiUMi ti voliui- 
l«mr ciinw in aid afihc r-nnwof l"rince (^irlcs 
Rdn'vru iu 1745-<^, aud hie fkllicr convcDvd 
M<rv( m</<^inffH of t Im .rnrnbiti* ^'Jilry nl 
Hf)i)pinglon. Faiuuwtt (rraduated B.A. 1742. 
M.A.17-|r>,iindw««>'lfclf<iti<llimiif AMSiml» 
Mof fmind'T'.* kin to An-ldtiibip riiirhfl^. 
He WM ordaini^ id 171ti, oud I'nun 17-1>* tu 
3750 lii-ld the lirinf^ of AblxThury in Shroiw 
sliirv. From 1750 hv livM for nonii* time at 
Ktit<rtH>'nd UaiLv.near Heppinston.ivitboiit 
clfhcat dutie«. Whtiii^' ti> lii« frit-iid I>r. 
I>tii;Arvl in 17B4, ha Mvn lUal he n itnrry lie 
vver looJ! ordprs- Toward* ihfi rlfwe of his 
life Arclibishoji Seeker gavo liiiu tin- ns-lnry 
nf Monks Hnrton and tho piTjK'inal oiirnry 
of Nftckingtoti, bocb in Kent. In 1702 hi- 
wild tU-cuS frilow of the Swifty of Anti- 
quarifM. From about I7-'M ho had devoted 
Bp«cialaLt«ation1oaDtiniiitie».HiiptlyAngio- 
MXan. Hi> was a good lif-rald and tn.'m'sla- 
fpat, and ut ittalM to hii*i^ visilij fvery 
church in Knnt, eonrin^ all thv inoiiumcntK 
nod Mi-morial window*. [Iii> pa|iera werp 
Tiaed bv Hastfid for bin 'History of Kent.' 
Haeica dewribtM him no'liviniirnlin-lr run- 
t icAtcfi at Ilcppinpton' (XiriioL.*, Lit. IHiatr. 
iv. ftl'.t). FaiuwoTt formed a follectioti of 
more than fire l^houMiid Itoman and Enftlisli 
eoiniK This iTa* sold at Solhel^'n on 3 lUrC. 
185^. The pnc*>s realified w.-en> not bif^ 
(SoTHBBi.i'ifT/** CatnUijfif). lli" had in<d(.si 
aowii hisdiiplic(itvii,toth«<n'eisbl of li'iOlbs,, 
into n bell inAcribe<l ' Audi quid t<-cnm loqui- 
tur Itoiuaua vt'itu^tas- -Kx trre tEt>inaoo me 
cHiflan r.oit B. K A- S. S. 1 71(6.' He U-gau hifl 
wfiU-known cxcaTaiionif in Kontidi bairowii, 
phieflvof the Aiii;lo-Sai(on perirxl, in 1767 at 
Trrtnworth Itown, Cniiidale, Hedftprwanla 
went to work at (lilti)n, whrrc h« opeo'-d 
100 pTftTM durinir oli'von days in 1 760, 1 7'12, 
and 171^1, and at Kinp^ton I'own, where be 
opened 1KB* Rmven bt-twccvn AiiffUisl. I7ti7 and 
Aupum 1773. From 1771 to 1773 he nlAo 
explored 'fXSCt graves ut Dishop's Bourne. Si- 
biiri^wold, BarfriirLon iKiwn, B'.-akt-«b')urti'.-, 
and ('liarth)iin IXiwii. I'auo'uitl made {lecil- 
niary Karri6p.<-n iti ord<-r to esmnt le, and »a|mr- 
inteiidvd ihu o[>cuiu}r of bHrru\« » with ' ulina«t 



boyiffh eolhufiiBfnn.' W- 
opcmii'iiiB, miniitelT ri < 
eontentA. Thia wai 6ilit< ,; bj Mr. x... I-^ 
Hmith from the urii{tRftl mntiiKHTipt in 
pflmeaaiou of Mr, J. M' 
with Dotee and on^ravi-. 
4t-0>«A' Invenlori' T" 

numenMU anliqiili 

formed a col led iui I ' mn mn 

in Attftlo-Saxon < ^ il ndoni* 

menl. xucli a8 tilHilo i .'.' m. l -.^ ,'n<- ' Kintf^ 
(oit fibula 'r^ ffold, ^■ameli>, and tunjiioisrs; 
/Mtm?. -SfyK/cAr. pl.i.iindpp.77,7'!*'' [■• "■!■ "i 
orii^iiiiiilsln.ff. ifn\A drop« *I willi 
iM-adti. bucklet), kc. Afltr Vaw"^- 1 
Ihi^i^dlcclion cviiuiinvil alnix-' .>; I'l ! 

il wiw exhibit*^ in 1M4 at tij .\:i n r Judi- 
cal jVwocintionV meetinff n' (-'anrt-rbiirip' by 
il* omtier. Dr. Oodfnry r'«ui«acil, f^nniLum 
of Bryau FauM«tT. In Auf^ust IHtVI i>r. O. 
FauMCtt'fl aoo Bryan offrrL-d it for «ulc ttt 
iho Brtti«h Mum-iiiu, wlicn it waa unwisHy 
d^Lined by tb>t 1ru»ler4. Sorwi outcry wma 
raieed in Rrcli:iiiit^iral cinrlvb without cITect 
(ttee ('. H. fl>iirn,/W/«/(»»*(i AhI. lii. 179- 
IftJ/Tbe Fnuwett fTolleciion:' (Smi.Mag. 
1864. new Mr, xlii. tirWi). In I8&.'i the rol- 
loction wa.« hoofflit by Mr. .la^^pli .MayRr.andi 
isuow in thoBiUbeum at Liverpvil. I>uri]i| 
the lii«t twenty yrars of hi« life FanMetQ 
aiiQ'vnid from (tout. He dii.*d al hi» ae«t aCJ 
lleppin^ou on lU .Ian. I77tl. There in • 
tii'inunteiil tu hini in Nackington Chun'b, 
Kiiil. He married Kliubi-th, daiighler 
the Her. Uowland Curtois of llaitilon. Lioi 
ratnahiry, and hnd by bor Iwu i"jii- nin 
danfchter. The ehlear ran. H'^i 
(A. I7Ji>l, helped bia father in lii* ,■ . 
and «uce(*-dM to the eataim. 

(FanMt'tt'o InTontnrinm Kvpalchmle and 
iiiniipjir \h<m \a appendix ]., by T. 0. Fiiwiwit; 
Biicke's Ijinded Gratr^, 1S8S, i. fltO ; mnoi» r«- 
fcrenccsin ArdiaMlngiiitl Jnnrnal; C R. Sintlb^ 
CollKt. Ant iii. 179-M; Nicl»ul«'a Lu. AimcJ 
ix. 3A3-A : Nicfada,'! Lit. lllasir. iii. A(>6, iv. 6i% 
KoO. i*. <3d. viii. &9S ; iirivate infuraulioD.I 

W. \V. 

FAUS8ETT. TIIUMAS OODFIlEY* 
ttTlerwardB T. O. QoDiitET-FAriishTr { lUlll- 
1877), anliqiiarTp', bom at l>xford in IS:! 
waa a yi>iini{vr mki of the Gov. Oodf 
FatiMi'tl, D.I)., cniioM of (?hri*t (liiinli, 
liin fMH'ond wife, Sarah, daiifrliter of Th 
Wetheredof Marlow. When youn^ '. 
much at \Vorf<yi|er. wh>Tt- his falhc 
then prebeudarr. He inherited the it 
his (^>at-|jTaii J father, Bryan FauMul 
n»(i4|iinrv [q. v.], and as a boy sinif' 
lor^' and heraldry. He M-ame nchol 
felfow of CorpuM Chriati ColleR^, CaJiil 
In 1802 (or 180;t) he wan called to tl 



Favour 



3 SI 



Favour 



I 



but did not praciwi*. In If^lkl \w w^-nt i-i 
Utb At (.'antorliury, wlipnt hv wkh in tlutt Vfixt 
iii>{KHtit«d fluilitor In tlii^ tU-nn anil ciiii]>ler. 
Ui> wKi> nuditor till hb iWth. In 1871 he 
Pnn aItH> Bp)toint«<l di-itncl ri<<;)strar of tbf> 

En»l*t'" I'oiin ftt r'aut/rburv- In Murtfi IWiU 
? Iisrl Iweu elecu-d I'fllow of the Socittly of 
Ailliqiutrt»4. From IHU3 to IU7A he wua 
lionomrj' secretarv yf rliu K«iit .\n'liJiw1o)ri' 
c«l Society, Ik- puhtinlifd articles in tuo 

* Arrliw^lojrin Cimtiann," incltiiling: 'Ciintor- 
lKtr>- till IKnu'-sdny ' (IVM \ aud uu iiocuuni of 
nn Ati[;lo-.S*xon ce.ttu-tery ojiouod by him nt 
i'alrixlwumi?, Ki'tiKv'jl.x.) Uc wrote on ihc 

* LfLW iif Tn'fljturr Triive' in viil. ic.\ii. (if Ihi- 
'Archieol'i^iralJciuruiil.'IIf JijitieluilyBtiKlir^ 
lilt iuiti<tiiitii>j«rir(.'anl>^rhury,.-in<lconlrihute<] 
the urtinlc ' Canlt-rhiiry ' rn t ha' Knryclopnxlia 
llnt&nnicn'(1)th edit,) He &IfW wrote a me- 
moiT of Bryan Knus.tcU, print^^ in Koncli 
SmitVi edition of the 'luveiiloritim 8v)ml- 
clinil)*.' Fmuwctt HarrecdMl Larkin;^ as editor 
nf the Urgf* hUlory uf Kviillwgun hy ^itr-ul- 
fcild: huTthpill-he&lt!ifnimw!iirhh>-Kiil!i-rtt(l 
(Wmh iilwiiil I^W lill hi^ death prevcnteil hia 
rantiuuinf; ilif work. I'mni afioiit H73 1)p 
WM hnnilj-f-vprnblt' to hold a pen. In apito of 
lhi». l''BUM«>tt, livin;,'- in his pJessant house ia 
rhi'oal.hedralprerinrtd.vMamenofhikhitual 
cIieiTfulnws.andcoinp-ised hand redflof clever 
«^iiit>s and opi(!TAit)s in Latin and K[igli4h. 
Kpcciuieosof these aad«eventl of hi^^mc4.^fiit 
Lftlin hymiu are pnnt*-il in the ' Mruioriab 
oif T. <J. Kauwetl. piiMi.shL-d in \STS ilvro 
edittotu) hy the lle». W, .1. Ixiflitt. 

Kauftsett diod ill Cunti'rhury en 26 Ffh. 
lH77,ttiid vriui burial in Xacktnffluii rlmrch- 
yanl. iM^ir tbflt city. In lH<HI, in common 
with otlx^r n]i--uihur( of the ftioiily. hf ((»k , 
iJio »umi»mr M <;in!frcy-l'"ini)(it<'lt. Hi- mar- , 
liffd in 1804 Lucy Jiini\ dau^rhtor of Kenn- , 
Wowii-'K'lc of IJnnli lloiiB».ii«-«r Wi(ran, und j 

Innvitnn. Edward Oodfwy, bom lKtS8,wIio 
rived him. 

il^ftic'ti M«mori*t«, 2ikI «dil. ; Atluuiruiu, 
Iaf^ li IR77. p. 294 ; l)iirk»'« Lanlol Ovritry. 
ISM.I. «iy.j W. W. 

FAVOUR, JOHN irf. 1023), divinr, wju. 
bom at Southnuiiflon, and prrpored for th-- 
uuivi-niity partly thftv and jaullv nl Win- 
chn^t'T Srh'itl. Thenctt lie wan cli'oled iiri>- 
huti'inur fMlliiw of \t>w C"dl*«(fe, Uxforil, in 
|.S7tV nnd two ypar* aftorwunlfl wn* made 
gpletc fellow. In April ITiKl hi- look the 
(if l.l,.B. (W...ID, J-^uft OroM. od. 

I. 220), pr«»c«!diii([ LL.I). »d S .Tom? 

\W-i\ib. i.l.'.V4|. In January XUVA-^ he \m-^ 
■ eautr vii-n-rTf liullfiix, Yuricadiri'. In Au^nut 
1 - tii 'riv>r»'»lir ( Vtrcirin l.rrMli- 
.1 in Mari'Ji lOlH iu:v(tr<li»); tn 



W'Hiti, he Wrt* tuailti wanl>Mi of St, Mary 
Mu^lalcn's Hospital at Ripon, York»lurr<. fn 
March Ifllfl liR wnn coUalml to lti» prabeitd 
of Driffield and to tJic i^hanton^hip of th« 
church of Vork. lie was nlso chaplain to 
ihoarrhhiahop and recidi'ntiafy. Wood Aaya 
' he WHS eatt>eiiied a w-nou of great piety and 
chArily,niidont- woll ri-nd in snbetAntialaud 

C found authorx.' According to a tradition 
KCurreni at lltilifax he wm a (food divine, 
A good phyaicitin, and a good hivvycT, a tTii- 
dition coritSniic-d by bis own worda iu tlw 
fpistlo to the readers prefixed to hia only 
kuowu workf wbcm bo munltoB8 as * impo 
dimeiitA' to itn progri** ' prendiing euery 
Habhalhday, lecturing; eiiery day in tluj wwlw, 
nxprcii>!iij^ insl ice in I hi- CoRininnwi-nll h, priie> 
lining of PhTiiii'keaiid f 'iiinirgKrie, in the ^at 
peiuirie and necewtitie thereof in the count rey 
whi'n> T line, and that owly for rio(Ui»akfl, 
which will easily moltiply both clients and 
patienta." Favour publishi.-d ' Aiili<|vitie tri- 
\inplijiigover>\>v^;ltie: Wh>jreb> it improved 
that Aatiqritie is a true and tertainc Xote 
of thLiChristianCathoIickuChiLrch and verity, 
again.'*!, all lu'w and bite vpatort lt«r«aica 
aduancinir thecnselues a^pitnsC tbo relitfifwis 
hononr of old Uomi?,' Sic, m. 0O:J, -tlo.Ijun- 
don, llili). FVnm tha dedication to Tobia 
Mathew, archbishop of Vork, it appi-an that 
the work wa« bcgtiti by thfi author wh^n he 
was ' thiwtscore yearns old ' at the desire, and 
carried on under tliti eni-ouragcmcnt , of lite 
archhitiliiip. Xn an invlanev of the ignorances 
of the people when the Uilile was withheld 
from them by (he ' ItomnnistV hi; rvlates ai. 
p«^ ^A\ a iiti>r)- of a wowon who, wli>-u alie 
■heard the paasiofi of Christ read inherowao 
tungii^,' wept bitterly. 'Altor aomo paiiM 
aud recolWiion of Itor itpirit!), ahe luked 
where tfiis was done, & when ; it waa *n- 
«wen'd, many thou*and milw ht-nci' at Turu- 
Kileni, and a great while ago. ntiotit tifteene 
hundred y«ares. Then (quoih she) if it waa 
m farro off, and »o lonj; ago, by ih" (-niOD of 
Ood it luight prone a lye, and thert.-in a\>« 
comforted h*r«lfe.' Favour dinl on lUMarrh 
\QrlA, and was buried in the chancel of 1 Ialifa.v 
Church, where, on a ]nllar on the south sido 
of the choir, is an inK-'riptiun to his uieuiory 
( WAiSiix, llUl- <•/ HnUfar, pp- 377-8f. lie 
marHMal Ijit'di.on l:iSitv,ht!>6, Ann Power, 
pn>bably the daiight<T of William Powfir, 
ni'Ior of Barwick-in-Klmet, ni'ar that town 
(TnoRllBliv,i>uci7riMZmF/i«'ui>,od.Wbitakvr, 
p,y«(). 

[Woo>l*« AtheUB OxoeteaMa, ed. BIW, ii. 
35;i-<; John Wal-on** lliatory of ILdifax. pp. 
3R7. :177-S. iAA; Cbalraan'a Biourapbical IKe- 
ii-miiry, xi<r. MQ-iOt Cmbir««'H Ualifaa ; Wbi- 
liiki^r.. Lm(Im,J 0. 0. 



PAWOETT, nKNJAMIX (iri5-17«))» 
dUst^niing miiuHUT, vrm Ijum nt Sleafonl, 
LincoliuriirL', on Hi Aug. irU), Tlr wm lln- 
ymuiffU9l of u-11 chililreii. IK* VDttcvd Uodd- 
ridgvn acndemT at Norlltaiii{>toii in I'itr^. 
in >]arcli 1741 Doddridi^t' i"-iit iiimlo Wliit- 
cbiircli ami CUesN'r lucolli-eitividpiiM'foran 
alibi iiillit<c(i«.><jf BrranCunni'll, tWn aiulor 
Milt •:■»*.'« uf (le^lti fur inunliT ( i-.tfctititl 
3 April). In the sanie y<^ar F«wtt-tt liccanie 
miuislvr uf Paul's ^Iwiim.'. Tauiuon. wlivru 
he waji ordained on Ill.liiit>- 174:^, forty tni- 
nislere boingpr«&enl. i>>ddri<li(e wantilnwa 
trt Into port in ttii' nrdinntion, mid wtu nr^ 
«enU'd to l''nwc«!llV future wiffr, on wuiue 
clwrmB of fortune ('h good 1,40U/.') nad wr- 
0on 111- dt4t-*nt« toMrs. Doddrid^; theudy 
needed nothing but a little uiun colour, 
' which now imd then I ^ve her.' 

In 1741) l-'iiwcuit rvuiovi<d to Kitl^Ji-rmin- 
stfiT. Here IJfiddridge visited htm in 1747, 
4Uid fuund his workproapcnu^ ' in an uinazing 
desri'f.' ]{>■ lind 3l(t rntpcliiitni'nii. He ■■■^•itiii 
to aare rptaiiifd hxH pnpulantj to thorlnw 
of hi» life. For the use of his jx-wple he pub- 
lifihfrd Ahrid^i-ntfl of mnaj of Bt»xt*T'ii prno 
<ical nritingdiBiid edited Home other Kti^ioua 
workft. He was very r«a]oua in founding 
-eoumry cuiigrc-galiond. Hutnu of hii< nutimui 
were uucouventional. Job t)rton, who r^ 
tired to KidderminEt^T in 1766, wrs hcud- 
Jaliitfd wh*-ii 'h <lriim-itiiij"r of the Nyrth- 
•jntiloii&liire mililiB' was iilhinod to pmacb 
jn Fiiwn.'lt'ii jiulpil, imil 'n Wrtii-cJ, H-ortliy 
miiiistf^r' ebui out, A fpw yi'ars bofnrp hiH 
death Fawcwti published loni'- 'CnnJid Uv~ 
dfcUQiiA,' in a letter to n fni:nd, probnbiy 
Orton. The publicaltou is irouic in design, 
Jl8 main poiui bpiny (he diviiity of way* 
in which rhf> doctrine of the Trinity may 
be »t«t«id. Orton, who fww the inanuncnpt, 
wamt'd Tnwcrtt that its publication ' would 
for ever ruin bis riypulAl ion nmon^ 1 ho warm, 
cmloiu pi-oplA.' Ne vert he) L-!SS, as the work 
^rae priuloa at i^hrvwebur)', It ia probabU' 
Cb*t Urton aM*U!<i in brinjiing it out. It led 
to a conlrorcrBy wiib WilUutu 1'uIIlt, au in- 
dt-]M^iicb-nl Inyiiinn, which wiut ci>ntiniits] l>v 
Samuel Palmer after Fawcolln <li»al.h. Tii 
July I7"'0 I'liwrelt wasjiroslmtedby illnewi; 
the disi>fiiH: wiia !(U]>]xui<.><l to Iw^ ttntu^, but wa« 
in reality an ulcer. Hedied inOiri'.'ler. tits 
fbncral sermon was pirached on l-s Oct. by 
TbomaxTayli-r of Carter l.,uii<.'. Uu bifdiiiih 
bu oonifrfpfatioo divided, the indepeuJeul* 
retaiDinp th» mei'tin^'huust-, and nn Arian 
aevfBHioii buildiiitf a nrw plain <if wor»ltip. 

Between 175t!and 1774 Kawcctl nnbliBb'-d 
maiiysernions.lhuftrfrt bviDu: I. ' 'nii-tirnnd 
GD<|iiiry,' kc, 17fi(l, ftvo. His mpW. impor- 
iant piwvs wure : 'J. ' Candid lCfIlw:tioa« 



on the different manner inwt 
and pious have osprw-ied tl.- 
rono>'min(; iIm^ doctrini' of Ihu I'nu.iy,' ■ 
Shrewabury, 1777, S\n; sccood edition, m^ 
larf^d, ShrewsljuiY, I77H. Hvo; an ' at>p«^n■ 
dix ' to ibc fcocund edition. Shrewnburj*. 17K" 
UvtK 3. *Ub»t^r\atiitM4 ou the L'dusta Bbi: 
Cum of . . . Kidi^'i'iUii Mulanvboly,' J£c 
Shn»w*hiirv, 17mII, Mo. 

I'awcetl'i) »on Samuel was nrdaiiMMl at 
Bvaminster, L^orsctshitv. tii 1777 ; hv ItTami 
n imitariBii, Mid n'tir^ from tho miniiitrv', 
living lui tiLH jiriTatc estate oear Bridport. 
From IfSIH I" IblHhe wo* unitarian mjni<l»txi 
at Yoovil, whciv ht: died on II l>ec. 18S 
aged 81. 

[Fnntral Sermon by TajiM-. a* Ht«d ' _ 
PalnieT in Ai>p«Dilix iii- to Onoo'H Idiriian t<j 
Diss. Ministcns ISuS ; Orton 't Lotten, ii. *] 
107. 162, 171. &e.; Wil^n'it Iliiw. t?harchf 
1H08. ii. Kl ; HDoi|rfirvy'>. (Airro^. of V. Dodd 
riiliiv, 1830, iii. 61»m].. iv. OU «<)., r. 4i3K|.: 
.Nnrch* Hut-. Prusb.and Urn. Uapt. Cburvhe* In 
Wci. <if Rtigl 1836. pp. ai7. a-i-'NChnrtianlUj- 
foraicr. 18«, |>. 224; Swnfofd'n Philip VtM- 
ndgi; ItMO, p. 103; iiiflnu»'''ripl leUera o( J 
Pnwcwtl, toniWaaa at ViMiviL] A. 0. 

FAWCETT, HKNUY (IS;M-If 
statesman, bom at Salisbury 24J Aug. lSL%w)i« J 
thii- «ou I'f William Fawct^CI, (torn at Ivirkh] 
Lonsdale, \Vwtmort>land, 31 March 171 
(rf. 6 July l!SW7), bv hi* wife, Man' t 'oOp 
(d. 10 F«f.. IjW!*). U ISl--, WiUiaju' Fan-eel 
•ettled at Sali>lmrv, where he earried on buii< 
netui u« a draper. Ilewas mayor of ihi} town i 
|)^tl.',a kii-n ■■uiii>c)rti'rof ihi- Kffunu Hill, an 
in latT years of the Anti-fomlnw Lfiaeite. In 
li^l be look a farm at Ijinjiftml, nwurSalii- 
burr, upon whirh he lived for some vean sub- 
setiuent to IS'il. Fawceit learnt Lis leiten, 
at n 'tanir: srlioitt. About iFiJI hx ww sen 
to a m;hool at A Idk'rbury, near SuliitbiuT.', kep 
by a Mr. Sopp. On 3 Aug, IW7 h« enler»j( 
Quecnwood Collide, wbieh had Km^d jui 
ojM'iii'd as an agricultural scIidoI by lleor 
Edmondson [(^. v."., whowaseudwivouring! 
iDlrudiicv au iinprovrd »>»ic'm of (.-ducatio 
Fawc*ll learnt some clitiiiisl.ry and flurvc 
in^, ttud woii enrourngod to wrilu F 
i'»wr» iijion e(:i>uiimii:-al and iitl>er(}U« 
lie Was fwni. to King'^ i'idb-g» S<rb<M)l,] 
don, at tlu) b«^^ninf; of l>^41), liKl){iii{ 
I>r. MiMor, the liead-na^er, and aflci 
with a Mr. Feait^n, an oHio«»-k«eper in H.im«rt 
h4 Eloufc. A boyiah inteTCAt in pr,!.t,,-!-ni 
encouraged by l'\>uroti'(> talk, and [ 
viaitA luthegalti'ryiif the Houi^miI i 
lli'hiid(iitti.'ruuiibii»i>ireDgtbaBd<Jiu uut . 
pe<;iallydiBtinguiiih himfeelFin the school. 1 
won a few priiea, however, and Ur. Ilamil 
ton, tlu* Jvaii of Salinbury, lo whom Sir. Wi' 



Fawcett 



»5J 



Fawcett 



^ 



I 
I 



iniiihemnrieal pHpew, MronRly rwnninn>ii<led 
D ComlirniHi,' (■■ivr, Fnwcctt ■coonlinirly 
etiWrvil IVierhinii*.-, Wfiimin^ T>cfli<!i>nr^ in 
October I**.Vi. JuHctoW IKV! lie mi^^loil 
loTrinily TIftll, wln-rc tliire iippcArnt to b« 
B beitfri*liiiiiciiofi.ihlniiiiii;f H fi-llownhip. Ho 
liracluAtt^l It, A. in-)aiiuun' I8ri(>,wht.-ii ncvriu 
seventh in tho innlltcnialicullriiMM. Histtuc- 
ciMS WM Juu ratl)i>r 1o i/unvnl iiitpilwlual 
Ttginur (luin to apoi^iitl matlic-mat jcitl apt ituiii'. 
Uu b«CBmo iiruti|;ly attui-'bvd tu Lis privitv 
lutitr, William Ilnpktns for maiiv yearn tin' 
Inulrn^ niathetuutical (earbt^r at Cftmbrid^n!. 
I)*> lind Dinnv fni>ii(l*, th» nxut Ttitimah? nf 
whom won* frtllowiirs of J. S. .Mill imti mucb 
given to ditfnsi^-.uti ivmnmical and polil.icn) 

aiMMiioiif, n('i'H'kanftctiTi>piirtindel»leB«.t 
ii'l'iiioiLuiaintiiiniiiiitLfpriiiciplMlo which 
hi* adbcivd tlirou);rli life. Ilis childish (li'x'ir-i 
fora[HiUtii.-»] CArvvrw-ae tbiwi^liiinilal«^ and 
conflnuMl: and.tbauali skilful in gAmoa of 
duWDv nnU a ivwurful bxUoU', b« iiyvcr nl- 
1cin'4h1 hiN niiiiiH-iiii-nlH to inlitHt-rn with lii* 
HTiotu fitudiPA Hi" TUTw ple«t*(] to a fellow- 
ehipst Trinity Hnll nt ChriMmiM Witi. Hv 
hoiH*!! in enier piirtiament by a sutxeRstul 
ctn^rat lli« bar. Ad old family fmnd,Mr. 
&quan-y, wlio liad boconi«an eminent solicitor 
ai Livi'rpool. hnd pnimiBcd 1o suponrt him. 
H» entfTcd AH » titudt'iit nl Lincoln s Inn on 
960ct.lR54.andinNoroiDberI»-'>Ohfiietiti>d 
in Lcradnn to Uyin hi^ tiTudiea. Him eyeH 
now a]iowi*d •fympUtni)! of wcaknc^iii, and hi- 
yfwe onb'rwl to f;iv>* tln'iii n cimipli'li* rt-jtl . He 
Bpmt a few ww>ks al PaHa in li^sr, and do- 
TiMvd Miino of his enfonwd Iviaum to ■■x- 
Uitdinffhifl knr.wled(rt> of polititvil nndaorial 
queMiniui. On 17 S*jn. ISfifl hn wna ahoot- 
Ttt|{iipon Hnrnluitn liin,npftr Ixmeford, witli 
hi* fatluT and brolhfr, HL< father, iirhoHe 
ai^bt aullVivd from incipient cataract, 6r«l 
liaJstily, and u fim- pt.-llnts from bia frnn ivn- 
lerol FawceH'c eyw, blindin^r bini inalan- 
laiteously. Hi>p>'c i^f partial recovery ivmaincd 
fiu* a y<-ar, «bi-n tbii roiliuv uf uii opcntion 
ahnwi-d that his bltndoMa mtial be total and 
penoiuiont. Fnwceit bure Iho otlanutvwith 
aniKrlalivo ronragi-. A tptnnomrv di-nn-** 
aion nrnpihiD waa caxt nH'on bifi TV4rciirui|r a 
nmnlr Ii^ti^r of rncourm^fomi^nt from bin old 
Intor Mi'ikinKfand tlu.'nni'fonbbrtni'^'i'rconi- 
pUinod. 

l-'ai*>-Mti relumed to Cambrid^, whcro h« 

Of 



' -'-••^ms in Trinity IlnlC and which 
KadtiiiiirtfnforMnneyeAra. ll«n 
Mi'.< wull known and popular with 




II' I 'bf iinivcnttv. At rHnilv llnll 

Ik' .. iTriiH'iiial |inrt in obiaininK' tbn 

BMW ilAtut'-H. fiiuiily TMUW^l in l^'-'iV^ wbii-b 

vmhodied the riewn oi the refonncrR of tli« 



dny,e.4peciuUy in the limitation of tb<.- leniim 
of fcllowi^bip« and the abolition of tb«t rr- 
!<tri('tii)il III' c-vIDkicv. Hv xtiidiod politioil 
economy, liolb in Iwwka and by fni|iieRl in- 
ti-fcoiimr with Ivadin;; (.'conoictBla and with 

fracticat men .iiicb tut tb<! Itoolidalf pioinwrx. 
le iittnict«d nutice by some alb; tconomir-al 
pnprrs mtd nt the British Aiwocialion uL 
Anenlenn in Scplfmber IH*>i) and rlM-wbtfr.?. 
In ISllI be became a membw of tbt' Folilioul 
Ki'onoray Clitb. His rtputaiiun was nii*«cl 
bvthe publication, in the beginning nf 18(1%. 
oi' his 'Maniml of Political I'>«>nomy.' In 
till! foUowiiiK KUuiiuvr 1)13 lx.>came A candidate 
for the proJWsor^bip of jiidilic-^il economy, 
founded, with a aalary of SOW. a yiiir. by m 
gmcc of till' itcnattt of :fl> Oct, 18tW, llu 'rv- 
ceivml Ipeiiiuonials from many IcAdini; fit>- 
tiomii*!*. Ilis ndit-al npinioiis and bis blind- 
nftt% wf'rc (jTduntU of siront; obji*1ion iti jioinw 
quarters, bot he wai elwrteil :i7 Nov. l8(i-% 
rowtiving 1*0 voTm aimin^t W) for .Mr, J. B. 
Mayor of St, Jotiir* ColIfRtf, 19 for Sir. Ij^o- 
naidC'otirtneT.and 14 for .Sir. Henry Duimiut; 
Madeod. Ho iBctnmd n<^ularly nntil lilti 
dealb, aodbelfK>kpainiitodii>puw inlen.«tin;f 
topics of tbo day, and ^nerally at irnotrd full 
' claMKH. 'Ilie pn>fK«Horeliip necessiiaiii] na 
I annital refiidencc of ei|^ht«cn wrvk* at Cain- 
I bridge. It wduM ('ntitlG him to hold hi» 
I fellowship for lift-, without bcinp bound to 
. celibncy, if r(!-olected under ihv new i>lututBS. 
I In LStjll he bec«ni>:- enfj^agut to .Milbccnl, 
' daughter of New»oD Oarreit of Ableburrhr 
Sufl'olk. IlnrMignedhiaft^llowahiput Chnst- 
uas 18(HI, and wiu immi-diuiely n~oloctt^d. 
He was married on '2ii April l.HI(7- Ilii wifo 
wsK in entin; Bymjmtby with bi.4 prinoiplca, 
ehanrd bis inlfUeutual and political laliours, 
and waj a tuain source of mn*l of the bnpiii- 
oeSH and Pimiiae of Itts later life. I'pon bis 
mnrrifLfft! I'uwcelt look n hoiin> at i'J Ikitft- 
borouifli (Jardenfl. wlicncis in 1874 be moved 
to 61 The l^wn, I.4uube<h. lis the list year 
be sIbo took a hoiiee nt 18 Brookaide, Cam- 
bridgt!. He lived in ]»udoa during tbe par- 
liamentary M»Mon,rc8idtnK at ('Aml)rid^'efor 
' hi« Iwiurca^ and ipeudin); bi^ aumm<-r¥i in 
' visita to hiA fitmily at SalinburT and tripa to , 
Scotland and OLca to Swiixerland. r'aw^ 
[ ci'lt.** political ambitjon bad nrit slackened. 
; At thi: Bnidfonl m<.'ctin^ of ibft Social Sci- 
i nnce Awuciuti<jn in ISMJ bf- read a papor on. 
'PropOTlional IleprRteataiioii,' and IjecAioaJ 
\ known to Mr. Horv, tht* chief expositor nf 
tbo «chrme. Thronpli Mr, Hnru be bivanio- 
known to J. S. Mill, to whom he wna aftAf- 
wnrds vumly attached, both a» a pt'raonal 
friend awl ns a political di«ciplp, Two other 
; frit^ndsor MUI, W. T. Tliomtijii [i|.v.] anSl 
J. E. Cairuve [(]. v.), became intimtteVitb 



Fftwcott Altoat. tlie wine tioip. Caimee and 
Mr. Leonard Conrtnejr were fcft«rwmrd» hi* 

closi^t politirul •llirs. In 1H4'!(I hf mibliflhcd 
pampblvU advncutmg Mr. 1 lare'e scueiD« nnd 
criticutJiffLordJobitUuMcirN mtiMureaf n^ 
farm. HtUeDemumgedhispoIilicaliiinbilioti, 
kndinNnvi!inberIH{tU,n-itliMiifntlitrsudiU!ily. 
he propost>d himK'lf lu^ ii enndiilulu for lli<.' 
boTOUgli of8'>ulhwmrk, %'«uiHl bvl.lia ilcatliof 
SirCiuirlfJtNapifT. lie brouKbt a letter from 
Brou^bam, wb'i liAcl si-^-n biui at ibu .Swatl 
Sc'iwiet* Awoc»*lii)Ji. Hi* wil* oth<-r«'i*«? ul- 
trrly unknown to tbe <Mrultlu<mcy. but bu 
■peedily wnit Ihe «nt}iiu>uutic etippurt of lUn 
popular votcm by cn-trp'tii! ^{itHwlta.^ at pub- 
lic owctingK. Crovrd.1 cuiao from all ]Hirl« iif 
London to hoar tbc blind nmUir ; but h•^ iil* 
ttmatvlv liad to retire upon tbe appcamnce 
of Mr, (now Sir) ,\. H. Lsyard as tne porcm- 
ment candidflle. KawccM's tjiaieitpn-nd. His 
naniP bxciimii knnwii umon^ nnliticlans. lli> 
liod be«n much inrerest^d in Cunii^b mining-, 
and bad nhnwn "iirh an iinlitudi- for >>]»'cu- 
bitivff advcntiirt' thnt liis frimda In'ld tlint he 
would have uiade ins foftiine, JI* m^tiv- pave 
up ail Bp('Ciil«lio« in ordi-r lo d.-viili' himsflf 
exclnEivcly to iioliti«. He iitood for t'am- 
bridgv ill Ffbriiiirj- IHtW, but wan li«it<Ti by 
B amall mu)nrily, owin^ to a I'P^'^ ^^ ^'"-' 
liberal pnrty. In February ISOS In- Eload 
for Hriirlimn. lli» blindnv^ wav suit con- 
eidcnKl to bo a fiLtal diaqualifiofttiim by 
many perRnras, and the party waa divided by 
ibreo candidate. At » ib«ird*-r!y tnr-eting 
held to eomid/^T their rlaima, Fawwtt soc- 
ct-edcd iu obtnininji a btwring, and told hia 
own siory with a itimnli^ elnqu'-nr^ wbioK 
camplctojy fujcinated bis hearers. The other 
c:aiitlidate«, however, peraerer«d, and lb* r*» 
ault was tht) (>l«Mion of a conmrrnlivR by 
I.66STOU-8 to l.ltJS for Fawrett, while nearly 
1,000 wftpp given to oihor liboraK Fawcctt 
■wftsalterwardBin.'tL'ptcil a* tlw liiK-mlenndi- 
datn, and "« lii July ISliS wafl clect<:^d,aloni{ 
with Mr. \\'bite, lu mvinbor fur UriuUtun iu 
the new pdriinnM-nf. 

la bi» firet parliami'nt Fawcett bocam« 
known a» • viRoron*, ibnuij-b still AiilionlJ- 
nate, mcunbor of tbo radirat party. In that 
cauarity lie fook a st renin pnn '" the (itrat^jfiy 
by which the RefonnBillof }>^tu wiu<liniillT 
carried. He wm more promin«nc in advo- 
cating the abolition ol'TvliKioni t/wt« at tho 
nniTi'mitJefi: and hoaupportL'd vuriouji mwa- 
auNe of Focial refynn, ««j«cially ibe exten- 
aion of th.' factory aetata thu aKticulluml 
labourers, whom be lawnv intimHlnly and for 
vhom be always felt the ki'^^neat Aympathr. 
in Novemlwr IbtiH be was re-elact«d lor 
UriKbtnn, He bco&inc coospicnous by bin m- 
vcnctiUcisnaofUuilibeimlgOTenuDeoU lie 



hcild tliat tbpv did not carrv out with utu 
flinching consutency the poCicy which tboj 
werf plMgnl to supporl. l\r ifmUuaiiy hah 
DBOie so Mr alieuAlvi from tbu party tbd 
the povcmn>eDt whim twawd lo twnd hii; 
the u$ual mitiix-s. The alfolition nf uuivrrJ 
' »ity t«9tit wiw finally rnrrind iit ll*"!, wilU' 
r^MTvationii and after alt:emptiid ompn>- 
iniaeH wbirh Fiiwcelt strongly coDdemuetj.' 
He priiteili-d a^tiiiKt th« conre^iiou'i to tb« 
Iri»b landlords which jimouthed tbr paesof^l 
oftbenc! fur divieBtshliiibing the cburvh of, 
ln>landin 1800. Hocomplatt- ' '" •'• ■ jin>-.J 
rijtinmof Mr W.E. ForMwr'- i Udlj 

iu IS70 as fidlinR abort of tj.. ,....,..,...- .>f 
uni«-ersal conip'.ilMon. He »vpanited liitD-l 
»elf oleo from tUe Uinnin^ham league, nhtil 
Boemed lo him lo bo nltnchini; i3X<.-easTe im^ 

foitonce to a ' miMinihlu ridi);ioiiH »quaU>le.'| 
nunoryi'ar8heactivelysnpiK)rte<llbevaKoui| 
educational niCMMiuv)! in which bi« views ha vtt] 
bfcn virtoally cmbodiixl. In ISTI h« pro- 
li-ftttHJ ngainat tbe royal warrant by which 
Mr. Olnd-Mone hronirht about th« abolition 
of purchase in the ariiiv. In 1872 h« vainly 
attemptH to add to die Ballot llill a pn>-J 
vision which be had much at lieurl for t brow-i 
ing the ottioial expunaed of mrliamrntary j 
elecltwu uj>on tho rates. He nad hei^a Inn^ I 
rndeavounutf. in concert with Caimes, to] 
throw (^-u the ft3llnwahip<« of Trinity Col- 1 
le^e, Dublin, lo nwmben of ail creetfs. la 1 
1873 Mr. Gladrtono pTt^»Oi«d bin «lwnic for - 
dtralinit with tho whole queation of uiuver- '. 
aity ednratinn in Ireland. Fnwot-lt con- J 
dmiititfd the measure oa favouring dvnnminn- 1 
tional inriteadof united education. Tlie bill ' 
was thrown out upoa thn Moond rcadinf* by 
I'S; ro 1>84; and tno dcti-at, lo which Faw- 
cet t had maiuly contributed, wna a fatal blow 
to Mr. Ci ladstouc's miniittry. Fawcctt'f meo- 
«un> for throwing open Trinity Oolb-uo wm 
afierwarxU passi-u. He had oflimded many , 
of bis flupport*!nt byhi*allncli» nn the onvem- ■ 
noat: and additional otrunce wan pren by 
tbe <U«ei.v«>tT that he belonged to n ' liepulU 
lican OUb' at Cambridge, Tho name su^- 
irtwieila ivvnliilionary tendency, from which 
ho wat4 rjuite free-, tliough ho &«d attoov re- < 
piibliuan sympathies. He WM dtfianlra tlli| 
tbe next elrtctionfor Brighton (6 Feb. 1S74), 
two conwrrativL'ii being roturDM. 'flu- ItK*-* 
of Kim sent caused a very (fenvral "xprv«i.tn 
of re),Tct. showing that bis indcpendt-nco iwd 
earned lb« rwii>eil of the country, and on 
34 April fnllowiuffbfwaa ele<;t^.l Inr Hack* 
iiHT, the vole* boioft Holms lO.lXW. Faw- 
Mil ]0,17ti, and GUI (oonsan-alivc) S^fiiH. 

H'u Kbarv in two movemnnie, in boibofj 
whteh he hnd to struggle afraiusi tbe prfju- ' 
dices of iudulcut 'oflicuiliam/tuidgnatly c»a-j 



Fawcett 



f5s 



Fawcett 



I 



p 



tetbut4M) tu bi« [KKtilinn. 11>.> liKt) long \ih^a 
inten^itvd iu tti" qiic>slioii of {ireniTving com- 
iDUiu>, in lliu intdr«istfl bitth ol'puUic ir-croa- | 
lion ant] lb<.■n'•^l^ilruDf tin' ucncullimilix'or. i 
jVn luiiiiinl •^HfUihutv bill had elway* passed , 
M n matter of courw. Tlio bill for 18tt9 , 
ihrenUrnod Wi>li-y ami otlw room mow*. Faw- 
Mt I- iiisinK^ upon a ilifu'iiiuian. AJber aeroral 
RttMnpt4> to fusa the bill quivtly, wliicb were 
«)<>fi?at«d by bin vigUiinw, a (■"nimiltnf was 
finally rT«nt4?<l \o ronai(l<-.r the witok' i]iicir- 
tiun. lie 4ncc«ode(] in obtainiitR' ttn invenu'in 
of tbe presumplion that rurh hWU itb'mid be 
])0£sod wilbout cntx'rul Krrutiiiv. He liwamu 
m leadiiur member of the L'ommons I'n^^t^r- 
TAlioa Socioty. llv Ivok a pr<jiniimul pan 
in th» meaMires by wbii^U Kppin^ l-'ore^t wu 
wmd from endosuK!, id |>r«.'veuunt; iut'.-ii<]cd 
Opi'raUonA ivhiHi v«>iil(i bKvi> ruined Ihe 
|)Miitv of llm Now Forest, and in carrying 
later bills by which tlie riphu nf rommoiu'n 
and the nublic ban' been tnnivt adtiiuately 
nroicoletl. He iDter\'eiied supcerw fully lo 
aeeura many tbi»ul«»(Ml ^pnco-s from cnclo- 
stin-. 1Ii« t:yiupalhy for the poor and bis 
lov«of lb*j natural beautv.im longer ptrPrjH 
tible lobiinatflf. VfcTi- I'quikliy strong tnceu- 
iiviw. 

iln bad fmm an mriypenad takt'n u \iwa 
inttmst in India. tl« nnt locrk a publii; 
part in niich t]iie.4tion« by prote«tin^, simwt 
liluue, uftaiost a prup<Mnl Ui cbaiyu thr> rx' 
peiLsefl of a ball irivi^n M the niiltnn at tfat> 
India office (July l^'i?) nK&in«t the Indian 
mvanoes. lltn chivalrous riympnthr vich n 
popttlation unabb to uaku iuvoin.* li«ard by 
It* mUn led bim todevot« unstuitod (morvy 
to Indian qiiastions. The uioun of ofBcialfi, 
and propb«eiea, falsifled by (b« result, that 
hi* eonatiltunlA vrotild ruent eurh an appli- 
cntiiin of bi» time, failed tu diMouni^TO iiim. 
He iibtnini'd the 4p]y'inLment of commiiti.>eA 
upon Indian finance which ant in 1871-Sand 
in l'<74. Th* thoixMifihm'ii* of hi* Atudr of 
til' was idiown in bin elaboTsle e.t- 

■ i'i< ' vritneiMee and in •ipefchw nptm 

tlwi Indiiui hudfpu in 1 ^72 nnd I ^>7■1. which 
Htooiabed his hn«rM« by a commnnd of or>m- 

Elnxti^rM. 1 ' nndimini^bcd hy Iuk 

lindnvM. I l cvpvcially u|ion the 

ptirrrly of ii:*' iiiJiiti populslion, iho in- 
adoquala prolvoUou uf UHt)vt< int'-nglK, and 
ll> ' i'l <'JctravBf[iin<^' and bliindi'ringof 

Dl' ^i({oiiwait. Tlis correspondenc* 

Hi "■' V-,-''»-iiidiiin»l>«cani«*'»rT 

].. ' many oxmfisMona of 

fcr. ::• I .nikU and oflicial bodies, 

whilr wnipiilously nvoKliR); any advorac)* 
wlii'ti nii.'lii tfarovr double upon bis per^l 
ill' iittb«^caiui* uoMiitarly Known 

ht : -■ iiilwr for India. nh«n b« lott 




his ?cal for Urigblon a sum wu raiiiad by *n 
Indian eiibecription towards tbe expeasoc of 
a fiituri' election. I le continued hia activity 
durinptbe porliauiitni orit<74-M,and»n-e(l 
on a committt^' upon Indian pulilic worlu in 
Itj'tl. Ix* tnjMirt in ]870san(.'tioned most of 
the princ)pli-> fi)r which ht- Imrf «inlwid«J. 
ThrvD cssavij. ]mbli»h»l in lht> 'Nineleenih 
Century ' iu 1679, Kummod up lus viovn and 
met with a general approral Hnrjinning^ evvit 
Iu bini^df. During the parliament of 1874— 
IHWJ FawcDlt ha<l become reconciled to hia 
party. Hi« geniality hml won affM7t4on, a# 
bis independence bad ^ined reapect. He 
liMirtil^' Aynipatbidod with the opiMHitioo to 
the policy of ibe ileacon>tl4.'ld aduiiuit^lratiou. 
On 19 Sept. 18T(> he presided over a mat 
meeting ul Exuter- Ilul], on oeca&ion of tba 
Uul^&hau aLrociti4;ii. lleKnileaTonn^l in |)jm 
rolluwiiiK Boaiun to stimulate bir< I«'ad>''ni ro 
lake a U)or« donidr,>i] lin« of action in pur- 
soonceof tbepolicy thnnad\-ncated. Tn 187S 
h« prolectiid Rg«i»iit the step of bringing 
Indian rroopn to Malta and proposed a motioQ 
(in I)«cenilNff> condemning the propoMl for 
charf^ng th« Indian revenues witb the chief 
expense. He JoIimkI the Afghan commlttM 
nt (ba Samu period, and ro^jM^ratnl with 
Lord Lawrenv-.' and otbers in trying to maae 
public opinion agniiu-l the war in Afghan- 
istan. Iio thus took an important part in 
' the tianl attack upon the B«ODoiistitfldgoTem- 
uenl. 

( h) .t I March 1 8-^ he was nt Ibe bead of 
tbe poll for llarkncy with !tS,a66vote»; Mr. 
ITolius receiving' lti,()l 1, and Mr. Birtliiy 
8,7118. Fawcttt received somo I ,&00 con«er> 
vat ive Toleg. Ik became poetmBster-gencn] 
ill Mr. Gladstone's gov«runi«nl, A seat in 
tbo cabinet was withheld partly on account 
of tbe difKculliet duo lo his blindness. Hin 
officiul poisitiouprevenleil him fnjni criticisinj} 
the ^tfvvmm«ut, while ha had no voice in its 
measun>s. He pni>Htblr had little sympathy 
for some of them, en]i.K'iiilly thr- Fgyptian «- 
p(^il ion, and hfi rat heTucci-pted i Imn appmrcd 
the Irinb l^nnd Bill. Ho was. it may b*! mi- 
lir.il, utterly opposetl to Home i{ulp. 

lliMiowdorotpd himself almnsit-xrlujiivxly 
to adminiatrativwiiwosurae, and applied him- 
I self (o them with nn ener^fy whidi probiibiy 
I injured his bMlth. The innat cnnflpicnoua 
I measure adoplM uruler bis rule w«« ll» es- 
[ [.abUsbraent of tb« parrt-l-i post in lfW2 ; but 
' hv carriwlout mimy other measures involving 
I mudl cure and labour with » happy superiiv 
rily to tils |>rvjiidices of * otTii-ialisni'.' lie in- 
troduced witbgrvatsiict-ess a »>v«ii'mof|Mwinl 
orders, already davisvd under hiflprede<-cissnr, 
I Lord Jolin Mnnucra. l!n mada arrangvmvnta 
1 for the introduction of cbc*p teliignuns and 



Fawcett 



Is? 



■awce! 



fnrKTntiting tftmn t^i r(>l*'pln>n" rnmpBniflS, 
wbicli wore liualiy ctiiuiil'-tpti h\ hi* BUcrK**or 
(Mr. Sliaw l,i^ff-vrrM. llr> introduced fichemes 
for AtciliutinK aaviuci, (!«puciftlljr tbv ' ■tiini|> 
elip di-poftitB,' which Tcvl to a pr«>al. iricreuM 
■It llic inviMiiuiiiit^ tbrougb l\w post-ollicw 
Mivini/4 liankfl. Up circiilatMliwrr » raillit>it 
co]>lcB of K iisiupbli-I called ' Aidt- to Thrift,' 
cxplainini; ihs advantages oflV-red. One of 
hi.H livtt luMsure^ tths & plnn which ^vn 
rvaLvr fucUilv fur tlie purctinw n( annuities 
id in.turu)CP-.4. A yreat niimber of new 
nnks was opoaod dLtriiig bis Ivniin.' of ulliix'. 
and thp nuiniwr of dvpCMitOrA tlunn)^ tin- laat 
tbi^e yean increased by nearly a millicHi. 
Fawfett spared no piiinn in iibuinin^ infnr- 
niation,aTmnging dcUiili^nnd rnnfirrrinir with 
bi^ VubonlinatM. He improved their pomlion, 
uid toolcMpKial MitifiriuM inn in oXTcndin^ the 
employmcDt of wouten. It was wkid that hr 
erred from an exceas of conscientiouanoM and 
pBrtiapb ufj^oud nulurc. But his iutvrvst in 
tlio otlicii-iK^y of hia otlice and I he welfare of 
tliK perenns emplnywl won the gratitude of 
those ciiiefly cout-eni<.>d, and fravr him f-xtm- 
ordinAry itoptiliritrin theeoimt.ry, Fuwreti'a 
COnnectioD with C'ambridRe remaint'd unaf- 
focted. In 1877 an elwlJon UMi)g plao« for 
thanuBtesobip of Trinity II all, wbeatheroieis 
of tha electora wore pquallv divided b'^twefcn 
FawcBtl and Mr. Henry Lnttiani, who had 
f>ir thirty vears \teeii tutor of tbi- collcjfc. 
After ivveml udjoumini-uta )x>ih caadiduie» 
rv-tirtJ in favour iif Sir lUury J, S. Maine, 
who wax unanimoufly i-hTt«d. At tbo vnd 
of November 188:; Kawi-^-tt liail an attack of 
diphthpfin and typhoid fever. For many days 
he vfoa in inuninviit dal^{^r, and rM'uivtid 
extraordinary markx nf aytnpatby from all 
clatwiM. An apparently coniplete ri>CQ%'ery 
concealed a permanent shock to hj^roiuittlii- 
tjon. lie c«iif(ht cold at the end of October 
ISai, and died at Camhridce, a(t«r a short 
ilineM, 6 Nor, follotrin^. He waa biiriod nt 
Trumpington 10 Nov., to presence of a great 
rriiwd of frionda, oollcafue*, and reprcsenta- 
tivea of various public bodtee. His wife and 
hi* only child, I'hilipp'a, bom \tHJS, lurvivo 
bin. 

In 1883 Fawcett was creat^yl doctor of 

Cslitica) ecOBomy by the university of WUrz- 
urg. In l^SShewaselecleda fellow of tlm 
Itoyat Society, and in 1^1 a cnrronpondin^ 
mnnlxTof the lnMitut« of France. Thouui- 
v>-i>ity 4>f Glasgow gave him the honorary 
d>'gm! of LL.D. in 1&8S, and tu the same year 
idi^tttd him lord recl«r. Thedeliveryof the 
custnniary address wasprevi-ntwiby his death. 
Many honours w«,>re paid to hii> memory. A 
nnrinnal anWription nmvidc^l a monument in 
West miusler Abbey (by Mr.Qilbert, A.lt.A.) 



3^ 



From the eanw ftind aarholarshiplena) 
tlie Idiiid of Iwlh s«-xe« wan fwrndet! tit 
biidge, and a aam paid towarilit |> 
pbiyeTouod nt the iCoyal Normal ' 
tliH Rlind nt Norwood. A Malut- U^a 
erected in the market-plnev at 8alij'>iuiy : 
portrait painted by Mr. Ilerkouii-r wa»"pri^ 
seiiifd to CiLmbrid([6 by i^ubs<.'.ripl ion of mem- 
bers of the iiDiversily ; and a tin tiki u^- foun- 
tain, com mem oral ive of his aenii-*-^* to llii< 
rights (if nouiun, luu been crvct*^! on tht) 
Tuaine.- Embaulimenl. Minimriiilia liavnaUo 
bwii placL<d in Salisbury Cathedral, Sic, and 
at 'IVtimpingloii (Ihurrh. 

The only portrailji, exofpt numerous pho- 
lograpliK taki-n durinu life, were by Mr. Ford 
Madox nn)wne(inrludin^ Mrs. lawcetti.in 
possession of Sir C. W. Dilke, a chalk draw- 
inff. and two oil-pnintings by Mr. Harold 
Kalhbont', taken in 1>:*^I, and a bu«t by Mr. 
Pinker, sculptor of the statue at Salinbiiry. 

Fawcvlt'e writ tngBdiaplaynkeen and nnwer- 
ful, if rather narrow, inlellert. He odher^ 
ibniiigb life to the radic.aliam of J. S. ^[i)> : 
he wiiH a vlaiincb free-trader in ecouuiii:; 
questions, an earnest aupportirrof co-opera- 
tion, but strongly opposed to aocialinu, and 
n atn^nuona advocate- of the political and so- 
cial iKiiiality of the »xe^ His animating 
principle wa;> a desire to raise the posiliiinnf 
the poor. He objected lo all such interferenci' 
OS would weaken ttieirindei)eudRiii.-eoreDergy, 
and, ihoufh gun«rally favoiinhle on thla ac- 
count totlteiAUtrX'/tiirr jirinriplv, disavnw.f 
itwhen.nsin theeaaeof the Factory A< I , 
hi^Id that interlvrencw wnld protect wirh i i 
enervating. The Irindhearti-dneH* displavei] 
in the chivalrous spirit of bi» public lifis was 
e<pi.'\tly manif<-At in hi«ntroui{ domestic aBec- 
lion.i, and in thi! widi> circle of friflndsb!|M 
which hectilt ivated with singular fidelity oud 
thought fiilnejM, He vm the simplMt aiul 
most genial of companions, wually at eu 
with men of all rank?,imd especially at tarJi< 
to the friends of liijtboThooduud youth. Til 
recoiTnition of his higu nualitttv wiu ipiicl 
viio«l by hi» gallant ui-ariag under his blind 
neas. He acted throughout nn t.hi- nrincipl 
which he always inculnated upon his fcllov 
MilT'Trrs, tltat a blind mtin should as far u 
possible act and bt> treated like a f ■< 
lie kept up the fMcrealions to » '■ 
been flcToted. Ffe was a sturdy y 
and a very powerfiil skater, skaUng liftv 
sixty miles a day at the end of hin tifrt. ' I 
was very fond of riding in lateryenrs.abowt 
astonishing ncrvi-, aDOevunjoiningin a i 
with iht* Imrrien on Nuwmark^t Hnat' 
favourite sporl wan fishing, and be 
remarkable ^kill, as well as nnflogd 
reitt, in this omuscnHmt, both in t£ 



Fawcett 



aS7 



Fawcett 



tiv«re of tht.* nurtli and the irout ittix^unu of 
nitmpollin-. Hi- ri<iiii-niWn:!il I bi> patli? wliicli 
lit hoA known, and ir>v<?d tlmBP in which Iw 
cnjild oiijoy H-mnnry tlironcb the eyt*9 of his 
pmnpaniiino. Ho [WMMfiflftd frrrftt miiii^-ulAr 
_ iwer, w-»s six feet three inches in height, 
iiii! eujovoH iiiirfi-ci health nnlitlii* iltnv«.t in 
l^*^:f. His taott de term ill I'd opjKtaenu lovid 
||><' I hiiu, Hnit nuomievcrdoubted his 

111 iim^^tv uf purjjof*. 

(If- iv:.rki mtv: 1. 'Mr. Harm's llt-rorni 
ill, simplifit<d and «pUin«I,' 1«»0, 2. •'n.<> 
^ntdiufi CtiiUM« uf n Nrw ll'lorni Ilill,' 
IWK). 3. '.Manudl of Polilicnl f>i.n<im)-,' 
l8'J3 ( m.'w c'ditioaE to 1683. ii.i('h considcr- 
ihly raiKltlird). 4. 'The l'>iinoinir l*r»iticin [ 
ilw Itritiah labourer,' lS^irl (Usrliin-.i (if' 
|804). 6. *Paii[H-mni; ils l.^ii|w)« and I<^ 
i«ii«s' Ifi'l (hiir»r«H of IWO). 6. ' FUsiivs 
id IjXtiinas on Social itnd I'olilical Sul^ 
Is." IsrS (six hy Fawcett itnd fight hy 
Ir^, Fawt^^i ). 7. ' li*pi.>*M:ln;s oi) wuie Onr* i 
ent Politioal tiuestions,' 1873. 8. ' Fre.; 
ratlxniid I'rol'ftj'iii.' 1878 1'loctures of 11*77, i 
■ix »vliri.iri« to l>*H.*i). S'. 'liidi«n Finitioi,' | 
|8(*0 (throd artJrliis Tmm rho ' Nineteenth 
^irniiirv'). 10. 'State SnoiflliKm Mid ihp 
EntifinulinAlion ttfthft Lam],* 1r<s>1 (M^nArntrt 
jtubiicfttitin of a cliaulw from tho siwii ed't- 
liiin or ih'' ' Manunl '). 1). ' LAbour and 
• nipft,' IHHI (rvpriut of five chnpl«r« iVom 
MnK*). li'--vi(tc» thrai< Fawtvtt contri- 
ucnJ various itrtiil-'xl'i 'MnrmilUii'f Mii^- 
^nc' the ' FortQiRlitlv It^view,' and o«I»r 
nriudicab, n list of which u giwn in tho 
fLifp.' I 

fLife of llniirr FnvccU. hy Lealio .SlepheB. 
886.] U S. . 

FA WCFTT, JAMES (1732-l»3n. Nor-' 
iHiiin |>iMf('4<uir ai ('nml)ridg<>, non of Itichani 
fawwtl. ionimhcRt of St. John's Church, 
KkU, VorksJiin-, wan burn in ihal tunn in 
7f)!i, Hi.' had a wtuhlv conAtitiiliuii from 
birlli l[/iTtiix poKMl llirviugh Ln.«Lf ttruui- j 
jar school with rn.ilil, Im waH ^uti'n-il at 
5t. JohiiV Colli-^T. C'niidmil|;t>, 2ii March ' 
^TTO. imdtT John (ln-mniiT. antl wi-ni into 
udonw ill OcfobcT following. In Jnnnnry 
■774 liv i^raitunliM R.A. a* hfth M>nior ni>- 
o»', winning till- Iir*l tnrmb«>i^' nriicwlu-n 
.senior bnrh*.d<T itj 177". In 17*7 he look 
•M.A. d'-j-v. . 111,1 iliirlim the Ntnie vpar 
rajirliwii ■ ilUm'iifi ihLifoaii- 

iilion o1 - ; i . (.Viml nldn. Ho 

ttu) u|>{foini i-tl l.ndv MniyiiivT'rt pfi'ftchvr in 
\7i>^, ntid iiiiMi-h<ri h'-t uirinonH in 17!*!. 
r Ihn pnrishinniTa 
irifi'- of St. Svpiil- 
Ts iir lIij lliiiiii.l t liu.-i-h.l .iirahridpn. In 
l7Wi hn pnici.ttfd«d D.ll,, aad lu ITM he was ' 
TOl. XTin, ' 



chosen Norrisian professor of divinitr. Al- 
though <'Klr(>mi.'d tnoc)r-N of coin|>oKitit>n nnd 
onhiMon J, hiiwrraons failed lodrawtrtjii'thf-r 
large coDgresationt. ' A ct'rtain ihicknvas 
inhLi^x^ih, nn awkwanlni^-iiof raannorina 
crowd, u want of encf)^, and aa eoainewi of 
toinwr, littli- cnlcutxti-d to Ciif)> th« aallic* 
of u Inrp" tt*i";tnblj- of younji men coiutruitu-d 
to «i( out ■ ir<:lart:orL)n hoiir in U'njftli.'coo- 
tributod also to render hin Ii>Gtiircs U-m effi- 
cient than uiiii;h[ havi- bvi'n ixp^otvd from 
thi'ir undoubled exccllonco (IIl'oitBs, .Vf~ 
motV. tip. viii-i.^). I'uwLvtt ohiufly n.'Aidf<l 
in (yilii-^t until h<- wiu prf>si!nt4^d bv thit 
ftoriptv in Ij^I lo llio united nictoiies of 
Thtir«ford and Onwl Snoring in Norfolk. 
Ht! af^rrwiirtU dividend hit) timti between hia 
pfir!ionair«uiid1heunivL>r>ily,l>einKp(<nnitli?d 
to retain rcionw in colh-j^ on account of bis 
lecture*. In 18lo bo vacated th* Norrisian 
prof(.-«iorflhtp ; in l^^'J he Ufa rctd^ned his 
vicuagv in Uambrid|i|K, and rtwidMi tli«nce- 
forwara Holely at his rectory in Norfolk, 
'DM-re hL. died 10 April 1831. 

[MoiDoir in T. A. Hoj^uv's Divinea of tfa«- 
ChaKh of EngUntl, vot. xxi. ; G^nt. Mag. n>l. 
ci. I*, i. pp. 378-9; R. V. TuyWa Biogmpbitt 
lA'<Hlii:n«t>, pp. 3'i8-33. S69 ; Ouabrid|E0 Loir. 
Cnlemiar.] 0. 0. 

FAWCETT. JOHN, D.U. (1740-1817), 

bapliat thiNilojpan, wma l»m d Jan. 1740, at 
Liaget Ure^n, neat Bradford. In early life 
bo was powi<rfidlyimprex»Mbvllift preaching 
of WliituQi-ld, and aft>'r sp^ndtug^ mmuc jvan 
in aeculor lift* entered on thu witrk of a ba|^ 
tisi: minister, anil waa wttlvd at Wainanto 
in 1 7t)4, and afl«rwarda at llebd<>u llridgv, 
both in the pariah of (lali^. To tb<> dntic* 
of B tninistvr bu add<.>d those of a ttiacbor, 
coti'lucttng an academy during a grvat [Mirt 
of hit minii^ir}*. From iho eamLvlnw of 
liift(.'hri<tian spirit, his ti^oiir a« u piVBch«r, 
and h\e, forvo of chararter, he rose sli^ndily 
auinng bii brethren, nnd ini);Iit hari* reinov(.>n 
to a more cnngpicnoa-i 1ipllnn^ hm rftnainod 
in the ni.')f;hbourbooil of lltlifax lo the end. 
lie wad rt^rdf^d as thi> fin>t man of bin di^- 
nomiuatiou in that part of the country. At 
one liuie lit> t^ndt-'Avonrod to add to his ctta- 
hllahoiL-nt an iustittition for the tminin^f ot 
Inpti^it niitiinii'r*, Imt it did not prove a «im> 
caiv^. From tini'- to limi' hv puhhiilwd bonka 
on praciical ndigion, wliirh wrrr well n>- 
ocivitl, itirUidinft a (Ndh-ftiun of hymnii, an 
(»»ay on ' An^r,' ' The l.if* nf Oliver Hey- 
wixhI,' ' Adtic to Youth,' * HUtory of Jolin 
\Vi»tf,' and ihti'Sick Slan's Fmploy.' The 
larg^Mt of hia literary unih.-rtaliiii|;», and that 
Ity which hn waa bvit known, was a ' l>(ivii- 
Uoual Coiumaulary on tbe lloly Scriptucca.* 




Fawcctt 



258 



•awcett 



Thi« vnrk wu linUbed m IpU. Il e»tii" 
ool in two larsr^Tolamp*, and wwi »uld il 
flrv ^linvai. About tlic isanio tuao li« n^ 
(Kived rliA <lc^:<: 'if D.D bum an AntP- 
ni!»n ffolKi-i'. II : wu to hrin^ dt 

elrarljuirl power every chop I vr ": 

Bcnptiirt- xiHt view* »- w<:re br«t oiuptcil 
til jinioiirtd A tli^Tntinnnl titirit.uiiJ eu:b pVTl 
o(liii> I'XiiofliUpu wkB 1i(I1uwk<) Iiv n |Mm- 
grajpli of * lupinttionj'.' iulcnilMl to ^'uiilr- tbe 
numpoT n-sdenL Kat^n'tt, wliniii^ health 
had toog bven TmIiIh, di<-r| '>•'> Julr l.U)7, in 
U« aeventjr^^enmtli /ew. 1 

[Am AoMKiflt of UiD IJtf, Miowtrf, unit Wril- ' 
tssa of Uie lM« B«v. JoliB Fawcatt, D.D.. bj I 
hb ^il] W. G. a I 

FAWOETT, JOHN (1788-I8S7), wtor 
and drnmaliiit, )«rn l!U Auf;. 1768, was the | 
von d' nn ttttnr, hIa:) Jfiiix FiWCBTT, who 
cainK from Ui(rti Wvcotubi.- ; wm a wipil of 
Dr. Ani«: nppRajml at Dmry Lone 'S3 Sept. 
1760m Fitch m thD ' Brfcgw's Open.:* aubte- 
quonlly pUv«d minor jwrt" nt tlmt ll>eAtr«, 
Ml (Vivui)t <'innlcn, nnd in Dublin; and dtud 
in Ocluber 171*3. Wb-^neiRht j^^-sn old .voiinj{ 
Fawortl atlrM!t«d (lie Atti'ntion of <iiimck, 
tlutn im iht* iiojni of quiuing the stage, aui 
ontiri'iv'Kl a ti<'>pc- of bK-oniing au actor. To 
rliivli thin idea hU fatla-r bound ibe bov, 
wliii bail f-nlered St. I'tul's School H I'Vlt. 
I77<t, a]nin?ntii.-L' lu u ItnviidrajKr in tbe city. 
WbentftKhlri-n y^'W of a^e rawptilrauaway 
to Mnri^l^, and und'jrtlif nnmc tif Fooic ap- 
nnuvd wCotirtnll in the' ItulloVStratiureiu/ 
Titonct bo Trent undnr hisown nanHi to Tun- 
bridge, liocoinmmded by CuitiU<rUitd he 
joindd Taift 'VVilkituoB'a coinp«nv, appear- 
ing at York as Yoang Norval i-l May l7'?7. 
For Home f ini« he pjaj'fl lt^^n•o, tlnxmiiko, 
and fioiilnrii'irf!'. TjiIp WilkinBnnjhowMiT, 
|»ri'eiTintr ibnl tragedy won not h\f furtw, 
wilh Aome ditSctiUr induced him to pKwy 
JrnnMy.lumjwinO'Kfofle'a musical faite'Tlie 
Fnmitir' I'awfett's sM^ccm in this iraA m 
gnut that hi- i*li.-t:tod tb«ncvfonTard lo play 
low coint'dy. After the di^tli of Mills, the 
i^tnK'dian, in 1788, Faweelt marrii-d Mrs. 
Mills, fortnerly ■ Miw Monm, an indiffm-nl 
aclTVM, who, iindfir tbo name of Mre. Mill^, 
had played Imocen at Drnrr,' Lane IH l'>>b. 
17811, and who died tn Aiiffimt 17(t". F«w- 
ci'tl, who bad riiwn in YorKjdiire to the pin- 
iiFwln iif n-j>iilaliou, wan cnci!in»'d for Covi-nt 
(lardcn, vhen> hi- anp'.'un'd 31 Sept. 1791, 
nlaying Ciili.b in ' H<> would be a Soldier.' 
Hnttekin in * Robin Hood.' .Tcny .Snvak in 
Foote'ii ' Mayor of Oarrair," luid olht'r rlm- 
mcU-n followed. On S July 17&4, a* Yoiinfr 
IVunlisinthp'Ijondonrit'rtiiit 'of *Kf.-frr,Iit? 
made hi» Itnt appi-orenct- at the IIayiunrkt<>, 



where he |d.-i 
win'* enat y 
hit vsgigeiU' 



Uli 111 'I 

I7fifl. i.. 



nil.' 



i'«f->'jil I ■lilt''. A .«iiinrtTO»" 

phant he made e .- 1*1 .May 

1797. lljiyinKal * -■■■•,. i.< ' -"~tht 

regiilir fciim.n \ip went until 1 - ~uBt- 

mer to tiie Uaj-mark.'l, nf v....- — - CoW 

nao, in 1790, appoint<-d !iim stage-niaiiagvr. 
Abuitt tliit puriixfColmnn ■'■ it'i » >i»i"iril \i'W , 
to Fawc*It.bei7an towri 
ibtt acIor'B rvputatton ^^ 
Tlie Brat of tfaetie ma the ' H<-ir-«t-Uai , 
Haymwliet, 15 July 1797, in whicb, as Hi 
IVuigloM, Fawcett carrtMl away 
SuhwquetitlT canre (.he ' Pour K' 
C^oTi-nt Onrden. 11 Frb. IHJl, in »l 
waa <tl!ftpod; 'John Bull/ CoTonl 
5 March 14*03. in which In- wiw Job 
bcrrv; and ' Who wants a OuineaP* CoTCO 
Garden, la .\priUSt15, in wbii ' 
mon Oundy. lie was alju>, < 
Icflt, 6 July 17i^, ihu oriKinul <. ■\h-u i^ut 
in*Tlm>w' Wiyiit to the DopV awd repeat! 
thp character in ibi' ' Ilcview. or the \Vt 
of Windnor,' Hayinnrkel. *i Sfpt. \i 
intowhir.h C.'oltnan introduce it. In It 
Fawcott looh {lart with John John«.tODa*, 
llolman, Poiw, Ini^ledon, Mundi-ii, Tliotuaa 
Xntght, and II. K. JohiiKton, in publiflhinj; & 
»lat«n)«nt of the diffen-iio* j^uoaiwir 
twwn Ihp proprietora and iK-rform-.TS 
Theatr.'Hnyal,Cov»nlGnrd.-n. ITii* c 
of lhecorr.!^]v>iidflnce with regard lo tit* 
t ions mad«bv Harris in the privilege* ftllowt) 
thcactori!. 1110 ciwn wft.* rt>fe!T>«l to lb" b; 
chonjUfrlain. who decided u^'sini^l tbi> urtoi 
In l«)B Fawcott.who had fjiiittMl the Haj 
markut in 14W".'. n-iippvar^il durio); tbn wt 
laer in that theatre, which be ]>■; 
niiittodin 1808. Hi»C0Liii.-<:!ii'n " 1 
(lArditii Insitfd fmm liL* lirst appv^iT.i 
17D1 lobiji retiretneut frotn the4t«g«il 
That comp«ntlirrlv f"w of ih* ehai 
which he 'm-at'-d' are now reui(.-mU.'nTd i^ I 
fault of the draniatiot)' of Ihc day. laj 
tlum on« caac, hownvcr, I'swcatl Bared l 
whicliwaggivenupforlosf. Tlii«"ii.>i" 



tniewilh regftrd to' Fiv Ml 
Hkymarkvl , 9 July It^, iu . 
Heutatioii of Kalrndar, a cfaamcli 
appears in tli<.>i>«coudact,rv«iii"' ' 
iijijuirr'nllydfiMl. Among hi-- 
I liif jMirt oriiolamo in Uowas'. 



■t who 



Fawcett 



«59 



Fawcelt 



ibx' JUid of MiUn.'S 11:iy \H'2\» uolewonli^ 
«* rrMftlinif a s^-rious upecl of l-'awceU s 
tnli^la. iJe was also l.ljd orijnn*! llarlLolo 
%<> the Fipiro of Liston in ili.- ' Bnrlwr ol' 
Snnlle," 13 Oct. Itflt^. In S^irt.'n.l'.^r l&t» 
Fdwtull wu* supiTsciicd in ihi- inoiiiiffL'rot'nl 
of CovonlOanl'Jii, Grwilly clinirrimil lie an - 
noitiii-ol bis iriltiition of (]iiittiii|; tin- elngu. 
A iM'ditfit WM arranj.";il fop (lie actt>r,and on 
-TO Miiy l^SO, Alt L'liinaiii Copp, lii» oripnal 
«-(iarai:t.^, iti ' Cbarlf.* t Iio Second,' by Unward 
PflSTMi, hfl l(^»l^,^fti'^filH■^lLilll{allnlJJ^l■M.h)» 
fMr.'WKll iif till- imblie of a IbeatJV of whicli 
<luriu{,' ihiHy-nineyeaw be bad Iwim a main 
prop. Willi H salary of 100/. a vt^ar allowed 
him lu irvMHrfr and irunt-Jt' ot \hv Covfiii 
Onrd"!* Tlieatrical Fimd b« n-lin^l to a cot- 
ta^' at Itotlcy, ticar Si)nlhfirairton. lie was 
uininly iu»triiiiHMitBl in briiit;iDK iibout the 
fTvctifm of cliurrh in bi? immediate nci^b- 
liourhuod. of wlticb li-- wa* obiirohwnrdon. 
Dyin^ of a laortificatian cauaed by n hurt 
to bin foot in wttlkiiq;. bo was tba Uroi wr- 
•(■n liuriii«l in t)u> rburcti. AIiuul 1806 be 

iryl hiii iwcond wifn. Mieti<>niidry,ui ac- 

, who nfier bpr mairiiiK** rclirrd fn»iii the 
and bwatiM^ wardrobe-kwperat, CoTOnt 
Oantt'u. By her b« U>ft two eoDB,otii< of whom 
tii^«aiii<! a c1('r)tyiDaa,ai)d ono daiierliter. lite 
nnine stands io f-iin.- drematic }»«oee, Kuong 
whifb aro'l.lbi, or 'PlitwixfiiigflrMl Jark,' a 
liiphly HuroL-Bsful jiaiiloioiniu, Ilaymarket, 
•"> Julv IrtOO, in whidi C. Keiuble WM Obi 
and Ornery QuoFlirt: ; * PtTouw,' a uanio- 
UtiiiUMlrauia dtTir-fl fnnti K>itK>'bu«'a may ou 
Tho samf niihJM-t,:^ Fi'l). 1801 ; the • Brnit-n 
Mtu-k,' w-rili<>D wilJi Dibdin,Cf>teat flardmi, 
1H02; rb"* ' rairii-V K.ivfll,' Mied bv rhildivn 
at thi! Hnviimrkpt, ISOi; (lie ' £nr1innt<--d 
[■land,' a [uilii>t, fotmde<d on tlw ' TrjiiiH^M,' 
Haynuirk.-i. L'OJnwieOl; th«'.St?cn-l Mine,' 
writt«>ii Iti I "1)1 Illation witli T. I'ibdin.asjiec- 
taciititr ti (^<ront. Cardt^n. '^1 April 
]H\-2. In I III Willi thus pi-ice UiUlin 
n-rtffl* on (hn probity of Tawcctt, who, hp 
fcay», [i-iid biiu notbiu{;fi)r bis sban.-. Uvnt.*- 

a)i«nktnit,howAvifr, FawcwM was (rreatly 
_^ _ ivd. Ilia ehare in protnoling tlio Co- 
vwnt (lardi-n Th'-ntiirnl Fund, Minpc-Miil by 
ilalbtcku and in^liliit<>d by Hull, wuh Iu hid 
'it. I-'rnni im^ Io bu d«atli io IKt7 be 

tivuur<>r and ira^u^e of ilii* inntiUition. 
la i ' ': i" I 'tant and 

■rvf ha* at the 

ftialii i-.if .i:i' ii'-*-.-i.l.4'< 1 I'v i iiii'IUim M atOtmg 
tbtf ba^l. aponimiminf Ibi-ircbuoii-riTliaaril in 
thi* C'Jiiniry. (_i«>rp.' IV once apolo^iwd lo 
Pawi't'lt fur h»» mg, I li^>'i[jli iini'T^T'-, u'tw 

blflrari I.i,F..< r>ti g nifc'lll HppT'lMttid at i.'(ii*unt 

fin- l»;n»'!it. l'Awi..-tt wasbnuuua 

in • ' . . Addr<.-M. Talfoord aaya iLal 



in rcnreeentALJoiu of blufT honesty and rudu 
manly foulinif ha bad no muuI {.V^tp AfmtJity 
Afiiff. May If<50). I^if^b limit dt'8oril«s blm 
OS having 't-iagular barsbnyst and rMiidity 
of iictAranrc find a ftencral cjinfidenrfl ni man- 
ner,' and kih>wd, with tbe exception of Mua- 
don, no actor ' who can prociin; tio nim-b ap- 
plause fur chnrnolont and S[K-M:he9 iutrin«i- 
cally wrt^tcJied.' lu'altemfjtaatjp'Ulb-uiiinly 
vivacity be becomca awkwan) and vulgar.' 
Ut! dtfctarvj blm un excrliynt comic singer 
(CnHml Ji/But^f on the Perfonnfr* fifths Lon- 
itiH Thmtm, jip. 8"-9y>. C'o!«, • Lifo and 
Timits of {'Iiiuti^a KiTiui,' i. 1 00, «p(.-aka of bia 
Lord Ogleby, bia Sir Potcr Ti'oxlr. and bia 
Toucbetone a» uxcn)l«ut, and laugli!! at but 
want of erudition. Tlw giilUry now iu ibe 
Oarrick Club baspar1rut« of Fuwi-vti by De 
Wildf as Caleb Quotem, Whim-aculo in tha 
*C»b{net,'JobTbomberry in "John Hull,' and 
S^rvitz in the 'Exile,' and a 'Kciw! from 
' Charles tbp Swoud ' by Cliut, with Charles 
Iii!iabl« aM Cbarb>A II and I'awcelt as Cap- 
tain Copp. 

[lli»k« eilfd; 'Thft Maaagtr'a Note-book,* 
raotribatodta N'ew MoiLtbly MsK.; Geueat'a Ao- 
euiut of tba £fiKl)>h SloiEe; Balur, Itowl. ami 
JoikVh Ittoff. Drad). IB'JI; Tato WilkiDaoa'a 
Wsnderiog PnUntM ; GiUilund'* Dramatic Mir- 
ror; Thegpiaa Diet. ISDO,] J. K. 

PAWCETT, Jn 11 N , the younKcr(I«>6 ?- 
Ijiii"), orirtoiai, third son of John l-awcett 

(1789-1607) ['l-'-]. w^ •""> ■'""^ '**■ 
htudiM rouiiir undiT bi^ fatlier, was oi^anUt 
of St. John'i^ Church, I'umworth, Lianoasbtro, 
fn.m I V2% I ill 1 fy i. iind alh'rwnnU (until bis 
death | of Itolton pnriiih church, a poEt which 
hod previously b*.Yiu held by an elder broth«r, 
and which wa« taken l^ a aistor for a year 
in tlie interval of Fawci'tt's visit to Lon- 
don. Here be entered the Uoyal Academy of 
Mu»ic,^IJi¥. L84r),to »ludy under Sttimuale 
Ilumit^tt, and became or^Jiii.il at Karl Howe a 
Curzou Slrcut church. Ou bis return tu Uul- 
ton Fawcett n-i>unii<d bin iluti<tH aa orgamst, 
teacher, and (1H49) honorary condiiciur of 
the Rultiin Hnrraonic SucJetv. Ht" oliUiinnd 
tht- dtyr*".* fjf Miw. RacOxfiird, 3 Nov. I»«»l». 
IIiseKen:i»e, a aacred cantata, ' SuppUcntiiin 
and Tliankenvinff,' waa piM^mwcI ut th« 
Miuic i^hool, tbe composer conductinf;, and 
waa published by siibecription in 18GU. This 
w»li>wrillfu canLata ia tuii nioM imponaut 
(if Fanci-ti'M compositiona. He died at Man- 
clie«tef 1 July Iao7. 

[itniTc'ii IHct. of Mosio, i. «I0; BoHon Chro- 
nirJr,4 July 1HA7: Miut<»I TiiBM, ISAT, p. »7: 
lt"ViiL AciKlvmy of ftlUMC Entry Uxih, by tho 
kiiMlnMaoftboMicnilan'; Osli>rd'Cal«(Klar, I8A3, 
p. tOA; Favcitl'a Biiuiaal wurka ia Briu Mua. 
Library.] L. U. M, 



"awcett 



260 



Fawcett 



FAWCETT, JOHX, ihe cltk'r (1789^ 
1S<!7), cciiijwfwr, waa bom in Ilie village of 
Wi-nnington in Lfincasliirc on S I>t'c, 17*^. 
n<j fnllimnl hilt fntbr-r'H Irailr of »]i'>trDiak- 
inR until I8i6,wlien hid prowinp reputation 
(hrougliuut tlip wmnly unalilwi liim Ut wltli* 
Kt Itnltoii 113 orf^nwl, pmf<\i<inr nf miinir, nnil 
composer of eocrvd aud cclucttiooftl worki;, 
aaogt, lempcreDoc cborosM, &e,, until hiii 
dHth St IDO age c^ HcventT-i-itrtir, 3(i l)ct. 
1987. F&wcett^ af)«r he had niii»t«rpd the 
LancAnbiro «cl'f» i<y»t««, wa.* Kclf-tmif^ltt, 
tad begun tiia iitudte^ by co|>yiut,' out, and 
cv«n Tmting from memory, tu« worcs and 
parts of llie krtun tum-s |inicii-'e<i in the 
villa^ rlioir. Ke al«o joined tli<- mililia 
Imad, plflving tlik.- clarioiu-t, and wui> bond- 
mtuiU:r n)irn iM-v^ilotm. Tli* cniDponittOn 
of marclies and quiL-kett.'pfi wafi a riatuml ro- 
Riill, but tbr Imnt of biit mind 1«h1 him to I hr 
M'litinp of hvinii tiine^, and alWrward^ hiii 
wrrices as clinirmnsleT were i-agerly soiutht, 
and tli« young comiKwier v.tif i^mployea in 
tbis capacity Bucceuirely at the 8t. (jeorge's, 
the Wcakyan, und the Ind(;])cndt.-nt chapi-Li 
Bt Ki'ndal, l!ii? Ilollaiid U'l-Hk-yiiQ Sunday 
(tchixjl al Kamwortli (1*^17) for §eveti yt-ars, 
and thr Bridgi' Strt-i't Wculuyan and lliu 
Mawdf-iili-v Slivcl. CoiijirvgaliuDal c1ui[h'I* in 
Bnlion, sfmilar p(i?1s in )Ifinrhfst»?r iK'injr 
di'oiiiiL'd bv him. KnwO<.^tt tnuj;lil thi- pinno- 
fort'', organ, Imrmoniiim, fliit4>, violiii.^'iolnii- 
cello, double-lMss, iiingjini;, nod coraptisition, 
h':<id<>j) riitahlitliiu^ nnuiical mc-otiavs at !iii> 
own house, ort^anising t<otic«rt3 of native 
tab? nt, and occAsionallr iisaiatiTi^, in conjunc- 
tion with i^nndon ancf Ioc:al profeHioDila, at 
Hnutll r<7ftliTs!s it) rlio n>'ighboiirhood. Tbia 
Btiirdy northern reuKioiun upheld lln^ L^nca- 
ehir^' fystcin iif iimat ion Willi itoiiiv obstinacy, 
a quality further iUuetratcd in the clo>i@ of 
bifi irilt.-n-»tiiur nddava on ' Choirs uu<l Choir 
Miwic,' pn- fixed to th« * Voice of Iterotion ' 
(1862). 

It is said that l*"awcfltl".-« rrttnp<»iliiiu» 
niiRibBr upwards of two tboueand. many of 
them [mini and hymn tHni-x widl known in 
II dUlncI where luu^ic bore an all-imp'>rtant 
part in the s^rnce*. and where it was not 
uniunal lo find 't..in or Iwolve in-itnimcnts 
ill the orchootrft, with a pmporliouale niini- 
ber of TDicr«, supplfltneiitrd by the hearty 
voiitti powtmt of ilfly or a hundntl girls' 
{Billion OaartHiin,AiiiX for aiiewlntea of north 
nf Kn|;lnndrillui;i>c<onLTLxaiion>i t^tc the Rev. 
U. IfuntingxluuV article in Trnijil^ /J'/r.Hep- 
t*irab*TlS^«,p. 'tft>. Most of FaWivlt'h rhoir 
music is chnnw^UTiM-d hy the ' ({0<.k1 inebxly ' 
)io thoti)^it BO ejiArintial, and it in fact mm- 
bined the dignity and homeliness pmperto 
the flurmumUags; his more ambilioiu efforts, 



howeTiT, fihow iees individuality. Hi* ehirf 
works (with thtiirdatissnunrariyiiv inn h. ui.- 
r«rtaiiied)Bre: 1. ' Th*- .'vrajdiit 1 
iH-orp. 1K40. 'J. 'M.l.>.llii llivit , ! 

bv Itnrt. IWl; >• ; d, 'Hie 

Cherub Lule,' for ■, 4. 'Tho 

Harp of i^ion ' (liymot^ iiiJMplvil (ii thv We»- 
leyantu|>pk!in(Uii), nil ha portrait. fi.*Miuic 
for Thon*und»,' IH4&. ft 'Now is Christ 
risen,' unthem (for the Bolion fhilhamonii- 
Society), full won;. 7, I'ivi; short iuith"mB. 
8. '!>.■ Uncoahire V..«ili.i,' IHW. ». 'The 
Tempurance Min^tn-I.' 18.W. 10. 'Chant- 
iiig made- easv,' |S57. 11. 'Tins Univervul 
Choriftler,* \M}0. 12. 'Tho Voiw of I).iv.»- 
tinn,' four hundred popiilnr and origmHl 
hvmn iunea,MiU'Ct«d and rmtsod brFawcr-tl. 
\h62-S. 13. 'The Teuiuerancv llarinomst/ 

[Qrorc'sDid- of Mtuie. i. J}|0; Bolton Otuuv 
dion. 2 Nov. 1887; Hr.'- - r' - ■ c!e. 2 Sot. 
1857 ; Vawei-U'n Voiwi ■ Is*?, ami 

his other works ill iheBtiL ... i ^.--n Library.] 

L.U.M. 

FAWCErr, jnsEpn tj. iww), di»- 

si.-iitin^ uiini>tt.T iiud poet, was probably bom 
»))out tr'>H. Hu was at school uC Wore, 
Ilertfordiihire. and in 1774 he viittrvd th» 
Ihivantry ai'a'.lpniy ulonf,' with biA fohool- 
maiiter'* vm, Barron l*'ritni?)i, whose si<t>.<r liif 
afterwnrdfl married. Mnn nf Fa'wrett'-:'. ■>- 
logical tniinine was n'e<'iv.>l from Tli' 
Robins, whoHurpi>«^le(10al.-liABliwort,lt, l' 1j 
'i\. r.J, in i7"&. lie traim-d hiiuiielf by de- 
claiming to iho thorn hd-l-i , ML Til.Tl.,,. "lllll 

near Daventri'. In 17- 

pmieherat Wallliiiiu«i 

of th" pa-tlorate by Ungh I'aruier [q.r.J 8011 

tinieafterwardd he revit <-d th« Sunday vf 

inff lecture at Ibe Old Jewrv duriufr tw: 

tvr MAwn. .\boul his servioi.-s ut Waltl 

stow there wa^ not IiiniTbUMvia!! I rfinnrknlilt 

in his eveiiinif Imrtun.' he c.vhiliUMl nratot-ii: 

poweni of a nkn. nnd.Uriltini^kmd, wbli!h 

said to hare attncteil * ilie lar^.M and 

pT>nlis-l l.ondon inidieiioe thai fverasAeintile 

in a di&^eut in^ \>]»ct' of woiyhiu.' Mr*. Hi^ 

dons and the Kemlilee ar« said lo hav<* 1 

lendisl him fn-fliHjntly. Hi- rt-«i»med \Vu 

baniatnw in 17.^7 in tnofe'i' '" J<| 

nnl dttt'crrncM which split > 

lion on I'lirmerV diMlIi. l!i- .- 

al ihu Uld Juwry bu relainnd, probable 11 

1705. 

On fftinnti friiui lii" tfi-tiirr»hip FawM 
left lb" (niiiiptry. lli-nivforth hr. dt-voH 
bimei'lf tiihunlfandry audibvmusv. ll«w| 
Mon for^^lti^n, in apiio of tho i>rofnrrk*ili 
which are ce[ioriitl of bini- Uv dieil 
24 Feb. ItiCM at Kdgc Grove, near Walio 



Fawcett 



361 



Fawcett 



I 



*ii. ...,; „ ...inil dif^ aiTI'inisey. 

Kawc'ill'fl MjrmoDJi »n- liij{lHlli>wn, but nol 
ml of mntter: tln-varu wnn.'ii Cnr fit}i*«r, 
may be r««'l wiili iiiter*«t. noiwitli- 
" BU llu-'ir rvdiinitaiic*'?, I II* poi-ms hfive 
(>xub>'mniv uhirti marks Lis dis- 
, but ua the wIii'Il' hi' venc in ^unrrior 
In hb proae. Sorne of his lino^ an- striking, 

Tba bnrth, eoanu hiimir ufn Ocminn miiM>. 

Fftwaitt pMhUH)i4-<l : I. ' Tlie I'mpiely MiA 
Imimriami^ of Public WoreUip,' Ac, ( iwrmoii 
•J^ Murcli, Hi the 1)1(1 Jcwrv). 2. ' Hennnns,' 
Suu, I79.'..Svi>,2toIh. 3. '' The Artnf War; 
ft Poem," IVt'o, 4t.% 4. 'The Art of Pwtrv 
. ..bTSir3iinpnKwiiii,'17f»7,4to. Tt. 'Poenw.' 
MW*. f*To (tmlitdo* No. 3, with lille ' Civi- 
IbwI War,' and No. -1). 6. ' Wur El(^«*.' 
1801, ttvo. Auiidditi'JiialwnnoD wa*pnnt«l 
by John Kv«n^, LL.!). [q- v.], in 'Tracts, 
St'rmnii»,' iic, Ipi^-J, 8vo. 

[(nml.M»g. 18n4.pp. lfl.5.276i Wirton'* Hit- 
loty will Aoii'jBiiii^ I'f I><>'%''niinj; Clinrehw In 
Lon<l<)ti. Writ (iiiitsii-r, 111 Jil SmithvArk, mihlJTH 
of ilinr Mininlprx, 1S08. ii. afli ; MonlJilj- Rtv- 
BOMtoiy. 1617 p. 9'J, 1»'j2 p. Ip8. 1821 p.'3«5 ; 
lUittASlnii-t^l PriA»1]ey. IR.II i. 334. 1832 ii. 
3211 ; Ihivuin't Kv;«n|{clic»l Nuucocirormitv in 
K««rx. IfiflS, i'.«-28.] A.ii. 

PAWOEIT, JOSHtA (rf. 18W), mis- 
celUneous writer, was tho Mooad son t^ 
(tidianl I-Bwoett, w.iT>t«:<l mftniif4M"tuwr, of 
Bndfonli Vorkii)iin>. lit was (educated at 
a gniiUQiar M:hi».>l ut Cbkpliiim, L/indon, An<) 
al Triuilv CuU<7-c, I'luubridui-, hihI took ibe 
^Hfgnta in art>, ll.A. in IflAi. M.A. in lH.'li;. 
He was ordained in lN.'tu, and nftor m^'- 
ing cuncictt at I'anitall, nmr Hnrru^u-, 
Yorkahirv, ontl at Evrrtou, nwir LivenmoJ, 
lAncoeliin.', he wnt priiwntfl in 1833 by 
his hri>lhi:T'in-liiw, ll<-nrv II<-A{i, vit-ar of 
nradfiinl, to th'; iM-rjwlual curacy ut Holy 
Trinilv, "Wilnwy, Ijiiw Sfimr. Knwt^tl wiw 
« poinfloking rlvr^'man, an (■nthu^iosiic, 
>nin<>wbnl hi^'oti.-d ndv(>c«ti? of total nbxti- 
UM)r<>. and a jKijinlar IwtHrer. Puriiig hia 
ii>cuml^'ri<-y Un tiitjti a ti-w oburcb and por- 
ooun^F, (hu furtti'-T -it ^'bich woa oMnca in 
J*t37. ]li' Itu'd to f^'}, B" iLi.- {wfiulnlion of 
I»w Mo<tr and ito imm' ilinte nt'i^hhourliond 
muUipliciI, iho ri'li^-it.'iJK wants of lln; |k-oi>Ii> 
rami fur by lb" miliou of linr addiLiimn) 
cliurcbfx. In 1^*60 In- b«<-ainn batinrary 
canun of Itipon, ^ '''^''«l'''>>. and chnplnin to 
iJit^ bislton. Ill- ' ulyai I>ow Mr>or 

2IDw,lWW.wb. ,(vv,:.r:i..r,.j-.' 

and vroihimoil •■•• 
diHrobyonl, lu 1~- ' 1 - 1 



< dauffhtvrof thi; YUv. lAhi[>luit)i lltrd. tlin 

' widow and two aoiis durvivud him. Of bia 

ivriliiitfii thf foDowiitg may be mentioned: 

l.'AHflrnionvoflli':l)rtft[wis.'l:Jino.l^ttdou, 

iftSH. 2. 'Th.>OhuTCb.>i.of Voi-k by W. Moult- 

bouM and F. Bedford, junior, with llivlori- 

f-al and ArcbiliM'tunil Nolex by J. I''awc«l.t,' 

ft)!., York [IHl.r. ;i. 'A brwf Higiory of 

th<.' " IViuli uf Common Pnivvr '* uf CheC'hurcb 

|Of EnnUnd,' l-2mo, l.ni.don :iH41]. 4. 'A 

Memorial, Historical und vVrcbit(>ctuml, af 

, the Phrish Cburrh of St. IVit\. I(radf..rd, 

Ynrltabtn',' Hvo, Itradfnnl, Ifi4ii; t^-jirinlfd, 

! 12roo, Unwlforxi, IH4«. h. 'Chiircb UiJwi 

inthi'NiMjrhbourlinodof.Sciirhnrouirh,' lllnio, 

I I^ndou, tjCBrbfirrni|j[b [phntHdl, IH48. II. 'A 

. Memorial, llistonciil and Arfhuirtiiml, of 

I ibo CburL'b of St. ThoniH* ti Httokft, llep- 

j tonittftll, in the Parish of UaLfai and County 

I of York; lUino, Hrudfor.), I8iy. 7. '"'ITie 

' l-'loud citDiu iiud took ihtim all awaT," a 

I jtermon [on Matt. \xi\. 3d] un the lloliu- 

firth Flood . . . To wliioh is oddt^l a dt>- 

I t«ile>lnn-ount of the awful diansterat Iloltn- 

! firth,' Ititmo, London, Brighton [print^Hl], 

I It^. 8. • Poatoral Aiidr^yi-wa First .^eriw," 

12mo, I^udon, 1655. lie ul>w iidili^ 'Tho 

, Villajri?Churcbm»n,'aft«'rwftr\isini'or]iornt«d 

with 'Tlif t'hurchman.'audcontinufd under 

Lhd title of 'Tlii> Cbiiri'liman's Mnipuinc,' 

8 volt. Hino, Loaauii, 18:if -4S. 

[Bradford Ot»rrrcr, 'ii Dcf*. I86I. pp. 4. i, 
29 Div, 1884. p. a; Ctrickfnr.rri (']«riad Lrirec- 
tory for ISflc, p- 302 ; IJmL MitK. 3rd Hr.xviii. 
383 ; Bi>vnf'« Vcrksbiro Liljrary.] O. O. 

FAWCETT, Sir WILLIAM (172*- 
IROl ), ^■nvntl, who-s.- n.im<> is invariably spelt 
Fauciit in all thi> * Anny Li-^ts' fmui VtW to 
17tt,*>, Hon of William Fuiii-itt uf Hull Clove, 
Hnlifat, by ^ta^lba,dsu^rhl*r of Jamea Lister 
of Sliilxiwi llall, Ilalifux, was bom al ShiV 
<ti^n Hall in 17l^H. Hi- witn wkII eiluivilcd al< 
the fn>e xnlioot of Itury, Lancashire, untler bia 
unclt>, John l.irtpr, and from an 'vrrly ago 
cvinrcdn(l<*«in.> tof^nti'rthi'unny. Hi.'iwii^hea 
wi'rf, howi'ver, diicourug*^ by his mother, 
and it was not nntil afliT mnch oppiMition 
that l\» WON allowed to accept an i>naifr>cyin 
Oim^ral l)Kl<?thorpo'a n<giment. He BOtrcd 
in till* rehullion uf I74j\ In his ardour for 
a«rtivti ."itTvitf be ilircw up this comnuMion, 
and.iftnmelyn'cxtmmi.'nd'-'lhvhisnuiijblKturB, 
i^inl H<icliinKb'vm iind Mr. Ijiv>reltra (Aft«iV 
wordfi l.>ird llari'wood), be joined the nnny 
besici^ni; Ma^trii-lil in 174H a» a vulunt«*ir. 
Ili.1 hravory wHHired him auotber onmtnia- 
i^ion, but healmoat immixliatqly w«nt upon 
Iiflll-jmy on hi* marriai^ U\ a w<wlthy lady, 
who di»approrcd of the army as a profi'fr- 
moti. Sht.- mkoi rL'h-ntntl, and on 26 Jan. 1761 
FawL-»4t purchaA.'d on VDHgiicy io iliu 3rd 



Fawcett 



969 



•awkener 



guards. ITe di-'TutHil iriinKrir.-tntcnTly to lii* 
profoMion, »t;u(lii»<J Fn'nclt unil Gi-nunn, fiml 
invVfU'-^i much on lliv cmliiicnl t'> "bwrve 
(lie (attics «iw) (li*nplinc of foreipii nrmicfl. 
Htf was *oon appointwl mljulnnl m thi* Unl 
KimnU, and ihe rwuH of liis milifAn,- r>>ail- 
ini; H|ipciirpil in aM'riexortriuikluiioiisof tliu 
* R«'viTi.'» or Slemoii-s of th'- Art. of Wnr," liv 
Harftbnl Sil\(^, (U-<1iout*Ml U> ■ ' :il ofll- 

CLTSuf thi'iinnj': "filit; ' K- . ■ rthe 

l*niwiBiiC-av8lrT,'JMical«l I'l Vinj .r-f^iiK-r*! 
11m! Karl of Albotuarlo, luid uf (he ' lu'f^hi' 
tkiiu for tint Pni.wnn lafaiitrr' and tl!*> 
'PniMian Tarlics,' i]e(licaled to l.ifU(onnnl.- 
tC^neral Ibe li^arl of Rntlic*. Afti-r thti out- 
DTvak (if iho Aevi-n y*^r*' war Fawced was 
pTXHUOtpd lieutenant and raplain in (lie 3nl 
guards on U Mity 17*i7, nnd slmrtly ftftiT- 
irardj joined th^ nnnv in Oi-nuany a» ai'k^- 
d^-Ciunp to Gpneral Elifitt, After the draih 
nf bia chief at tLv biiMlv of Mlutli'ti. btitb 
Priiin* Fi-nliri«od of nnin»wirk, tb*- rom- 
maniler-in-ciiicr, and the Mar*juis of Gmaby, 
the coinnuindcr of tb? En^lii-h continent, 
olTcrcd Mm a itintilnr TK»t on tbi'ir !<lalf». Tic 
Bcce)>t«d Granbj'a ofler, autl made hitu.^elf mj 
popular that a broihtr uiihvd'-canip allowed 
Iiiiti to lako the hcwb of the victory of Wur- 
burp to Fnfjland in 1 760. This event b« an- 
nntitK'trd in Gi-nnan to Ot^orfji! IT. nrlio was mi 
di^ligblt^J with hi" fiiniiry in tbnt lAn^un^i.', 
that be at oncv. ordered tlip iisiial stpp in pro- 
motion t" l»" jtivr-n til the lucky boerpr. Aa 
Fawcptt wttfl a pniinli ortic<>r, h<> wu# pro- 
motwl lii'utfnnnt-coloij*'!, pawing over the 
mult of major, on ifi Nov. ]7fiO. Ilf tlico 
retunn?tl to Germany as deputy adjiitnnt- 
j^nf^ral 10 tho army, and mihtHry si-crelarj- 
fo thn Manj^iiin of (iranhy, iiiid Iio b«>aine 
Oranby'* cliiof sdvit^r and intimate friiiid. 
Fawcelt wn« promoted captain and licu- 
tcnant-eolonel ta the 3rd giuinl^ on 2i Feb. 
ITor.mfldcIlontfnnnt-goveniornf IVmli-jjnin 
Caxtlu, ComwHll, in 1770, and iimmott'd 
colonel on 25 Mav 1772. During tne pt-riod 
vrhtch foUowi.'d the concluaion of tho ftevl^^ 

SeAwi' war he w«A diiofly employed at lli.' 
cidqijarteTfl staff of ihi- nnor U military 
Mcretitry and di-piity adjutant -([eneni I, nnd 
wna aent on many railitarr mi^sioiu to llie 
continent, diirintr one of w^ich it is »uid that 
Frederick offered him romiui»<ioa in iJi*- 
I'niMion army, Thu most iuiporlanl of thew 
for«pn Riiiuioiui were at thf c'liimn'orf^mfnl 
of ihu American war of independenci% when 
J**nweett wiis ni'iit to vni^cc meivenaries, 
•moDif whom were the nearaanii and nmni^ 
wicker*. On 29 Aug. 1777 he was pro- 
moted major-general; in 1778 he became 
i>djiitant-f^neral at. bcadouartoni ; waa ap- 
pointed colonel of tho loth r«gim«nt, and 



about the Nunc (iine rftmiuHl thr liicrntir, 
poel nf ^nvi-mor of Grftv.'*nd. At ihi 
pi'riml Fuwcijlt's military n'l.niation wa« « 
ltd heijfht ; he waa the prarlical riil/^r of thi 
KnRti^h artny, and certainly the nnjat i» 
lliiential oHiecr on thi- hrtadnuartcr* staff. 
<Jn 'M Nov. 17^3 In.- vtu> promoted major 

fi-nernlr and he waii made a kni^rht nf th<' 
tath in l"^t6. in whk-h year liu 11;: 
second wife, CTinrlotte, widow-'f ]' 
St in ton, chancellor of I>incidn. <tu 11- 1 ? 
1 7if'2 Fawcci I wa» t mn^fcrred 10 thv e<)l<M»lcri 
of thi? :inl drag^oon guorda, un U May 179^ 
hi- was ]iromoted general, and in tbo ume 
vear apiMiintf'd (^vonior of Oluil*ea H<wpital. 

, There woe a general outcry agaiiwt the ad- 
miniAtmlion of lli«> En!.'li-!i .iT^nr i.r'.-r tlia 

' diPaairoii» campniTiM of ' 

! nnd especially ajrninat til ' 
order to chcclt this nntnral . tl 

J>ukeof York wa» apj-nalvd ■ " 1 -w 

Amherst as commonder-iu-chir^r, ntwl Faw^ 
cett waa obli^d to makv way for GL-nmsl 
David Dnndaa [ij. v.] ax adjutant-genera' 
NorerthRloas ha was tr«tuod willi considn 
tion, and woji »wom a member of the privy 
council on 23 Jan. 17M), an honour neW- 
b<?fiire or since conf<?rr>?d on a staff ofBcer 
headi^uartCTs. lli- died at hia lioiuc in On.*« 
George Street, Westminstur, ou 2-' Morcb 
IftCH.andwa^ buried in the chapel of Chelnr^a 
Hospital. A monument woi* ervct<.>d to lil 
br hid widow, who in I8O0 was buried be«d 
him. 

Fawcett tnuialati^ Field-Mamhal Sajte^ 
' Hevtirio, or Art of War," I7>^7j *Ri>giil> 
liiin.H for I'ruii>ian Oavalrr,' 1757 ; and ' foi 
Pruf^ian lofanlrv and Taciica,' 17.10. Hi 
al«) published nJcs for the formations, field 
exeivi.'teji.iiTid iniivemi-ntaof the Iiriti»haruiT| 
17N5, 17112. 

[Amiy U>t» : <}<>nt. >f<tf. April 1904 ; Infi 
ataliun tnm Mr. Julin Iiit«T of Sliilxlan Hall. 

n. u. s. 

PAWKENEB. Sir FVLMJARU (16^ 

176^), merchant and otlirinl, mo of Will 
Fawkeui.T.citiicuuudmon.'vr of London, who] 
married Mary, daut/lilcr of Itnliihi' Hum?, ci- 
tizen and driiKgi.xt, was Ixim in 1681. 
family of Fiiwki-m'rwnnconnec'M with Unt 
land.=hin^ (W'kkhit. Tlullam/, i. 131), bit' 
I-'ri'mrd had several brothem eogageil iu L<on' 
doncommnrct', and hi« fiMcr married Mr Peter 
Delme, lord mayor in 171^1. He hims-'Ifwiis, 
liWhisfath'T, ftcit-i/eu and in-r ■r :■■< 1 yniil 
flfiv y«ir8of Bp?he waacngrn^ ■»: 

prulnbly, n» Porton Ntnte*, h- >■ nnd 

cloth mcrchani. flis Lulne v.-aA at Wanda-' 
worth, and hii leiauru houn> were xjionl in 
reading the cliUBies or in cntlrcting ancWnt 
coiiw and mudnls. Voltain-, who made faif: 



[nl 



I. 



atl 



him J 



Fawkener 



363 



•awkener 



MI 

m 

I 



Mi)U»ialuic« in PaHs, promiMiJ to vUit him 
in Ktiiilan'l, and when lu-cr^-yily drove \'oI- 
tMire to EpfilAud in tbe epriiifi of 17M hm 
frit!U«J'> ItoiUHi ot WfttidjiworiL bcc«nii- hi* 
me, uid until Uia di-purtun.- (nnu Kn^laud 
17:^<) lli» (jruaCer purlion of hi^ liniu wa» 
nCMtl tiii^rr-. Uifl tn^nlj uf' BnitiM* was 
iMtfint under Fawknntfr'* nxif, Km! tiie third 
•ditton of his traffedy of ' Zaire ' was di-di- 
calud 'u> M. t'olKuncT. Kn^'luli aiLTcliuiit ; 
•ini-ritnilMMa'tornI CoiiHlitnliiinfilii; th<^ dedi- 
cators epistlu dwi'llinj! <>a tbo ruspect in 
wEiioli iiivri'tiiiiils lil(i> KAwki-nt.T itn- 1]>*ld in 
Kiikdandi;Vi;Kiit»('<>,i.l~i: Dipnoi iti-sTCBittLs 
I'oltoir^ liibitoifrnphte, i'nUairf et la ffuri/ti 
Fraft^uf (/rt jj^./icAjr lif Vnltaire), i. 374- 
y7U>. About IT-'iS I'awkener was kiii^rhted 
and wut M aubaMfldor to ConstAntiDopli-, o 
|K«tliuawbi«liVultAirvsub»iX{U<ji)lIva.->.'u.'rted 
llut brt bad predicii-d for him, but (he means 
bj vtiicb be was euabkd lo uxcUai^Kv i-um- 
m>Tnri*f<irdi[i]oiiiiii'var('nnl.kiii>»'n. Although 
he inciirivd BomH wiisarc in ITitff, wht'ii boe- 
tilitu'.<» bojki' out butwwn ih^Ttirlw mid Ihr* 
}tuidiatii>, by too co^rlj adopting tbe pm- 
jiuM^I jDvdistioii, ti« reuutiiird at me poet for 
•i-t orn) >ruir>i, and hia conduct on that ocn- 
uon did not bliidur bid fulun? advancvuiL-nt. 
Whdt^ n-sident at the i*orte hi: ' wrote n v«y 
c1ab<jmt>.-d>jM'riptiuii of Cun^l-iiiiliuoph!, more 
eurioiiB am! i-iil«rtiuiiin(r tbiui nnv in our 
bijok«. It hjiHm-riTbivn printed.' f'nim Lbis 
p(j|(itiuii hi' wait fiirtiiiiat'-ty pniiiiil^ to be 
K'Cfetarj- lo itic Dnkn of ('iiinUTlaiid. ihi? 
fiiviiutili.' son of Gijnrge II, nnd hi- nci-ottiiui- 
aiod him ihroujjbout iht- camnuigiiH rm the 
oontim<iii and in Scotland, lie luttt oOi-n 
riailcil \iOvA Loriit m hi» imprisonmctit at 
Fwt Aii^iuttts, fttid he wata witni?s.-u^iii)»t 
Uuit old i^er at bin trial in March 1747 fi>r 
lu|{1i tri-ason. l^vat, wlivn adkivl wWhi^rhi- 
wubi'l iij put any qu«alioiia lo I'nwkener, 
dcflin^ to examine him, b<it,niin-b lo th(> 
MUtnumcDl of tbvpuurl. wiahitl him joy of 
hu voun^ wife. Wimlbaru adds tb>? atldi- 
tioDol auL><:doti<. which he bi'ard iu 17 §-'r. that 
trtu'n Fnwli,-- r ir**il l<i (fivr nvidfTici' 

IiOVuL rt'imici 'i-j|b thi'irhtadH wore 

in )■ l-dd war I >S (M"i*K, /iiViry, p. 117). In 
n'C'Vt'iii'^n "f ^11* ^''vir>-.A durii)|; ihi' r^*- 
ditioi) in I'lr! ' ■','- vorv lucrative oftiee 
of joint p<^ ' tiTaf. tu conjunction 

Willi tin* I'Jii. -■. . ■■tvr, wa^oonfi'm-d on 
liim im I'M Mav I7<lo, and b«- r<-tuiui-d it until 

ll!« d.ntV Iiyuli.Tir pluvvd ttt UUlL> fur 

Ik I litlii- jiidgntfiil, nnd 

1 i I r;r'< Selwrn s bmi-tDol 

til .1 \VhJij''i» Hull riiM' ni(;hl whi-n 

h- i i inRAl pi/|iii'i nnd lr<iinf; hoavily, 
Uwi' li"* wiiinor was ' iMbbinn the niml." Hi* 
auggnlod in 17irt by the Ihikii of Cum- 




Wrland, his utannch friendi as a pn>|N;r pi>r- 
Min til till thr- juMirlnn of Kn^Ii^h niini-iK^in 
Iturlin, audi Ilorac)^ Wal^ole.liiscoanection, 
went wi far an to writ* (ll' Jan. 1748) 'Sir 
Krernrd FQlki?<ut.-r is going to Ikrlin,* hut 
four <!ayA later he nnnouncwd that Lepge had 
liiitiit'd b»nd»for thi- appointment, luid added 
' wf thought Sir ICw.nird i''(dkfiHT aure, but 
1bi^ba)icoml3fonhrGryun(^\pC1-1(!dly. iMOga 
ifcvtlainly a »i»>rcboicf.' tawkimfrdivdal 
Bat h on I K Nor. 1 7'ji^, aiul a tnouuiuent lo hia 
iii«iour>' waa plact.>d in itgibbev church, wWe 
Iw wa.4 burii-d. Ilinbrothi-r, itnnelni Fawko- 
ncr, di«d on 1 1 Doc. 1 7'>A. It was uid of 
Kir Kvenird Fawkener after hia death that 
he had * IcA a grrat many debt**, a vfiry do- 
serriiiK wife, and several line children iu rerjf 
bad oircnmstanccs.* TbiaiTife, HArrieUnatii- 
ral daii);hUT of Ui-utTol CliaHot (.'burchill, 
thtf'youn^rwife'ofLord LoTat.born iu 17:Jti, 
was married to Fawltencr iu Fubruary 1747. 
8hi> wa.4ili>JCnlM!<lby IloracoWal|>oli-in I74I 
as'pn.<tlyii-h BDddaucinewell.'butat a later 
iwriod hr cbaracteriwiS b«r an * ui^tor of my 
broihei^in-lAW, Mr. Churchill, a very in- 
t rigutag-woman and intiuutte both ^vith Lady 
Wftldp^reand the lbiebf«cif Ciimb«>rland/ 
and it was no duubt through I'awkcuer'a 
friendship with the duke that be oblaiRed h'.'r 
in nukrriagv. On .1 Aug', \liii %he wa^ married 
at Cht'bea to 'Uovernor'Pownall, and aho 
died on 6 Fab. 1777. \ sanmihaj^uf, with u 
fulaoawvpilaphiuuallyaaidlulKtlincouipoti- 
lion of her s««cond hnsluind, waaprsrted in her 
iuinouron the norl.b aidr of itiv Indy eluipi'l 
in Lini!nln Cafhedml. Fawkf^ner's two sons 
vUitt>d Voltaire at Fcmey in 1774. The 
elder, William An^uAtiu — chriittiaii name;* 
no doubt Kivi'U him by the favour of tha 
Pul(«i of Cumberland — attended the duke'a 
funeral on 9 Xor. 1768 as pa^ of honour. 
He became clerk to the privy council, and in 
I711I he was sent on a aeeret miaaion to 
Russia : lijs cuavcrwUon with the Empnaa 
Catlierinc on the bust of Fox i* in Mim 
Borry'B | Journal." i. 3l»I . On 29 Jin. 1 784 
bti marnit],al St. fleiirneV, Hanover Sciiinre, 
Oeorgiana Ann Foyntx, a nitxe of liftdy 
Sjiencir; but the marriai^e turne<l out un- 
happily, and as Wolpole wrvHc in the pru- 
viouB May that ' Palkener has juat amu- 
donod a dauf^hter of l^ord \»hbumhais/ tha 
fault woM dM»btlo!l^ duetuihebu»band. On*- 
of Sir Kverani'it daujijblcrji is Hsid to hav*- 
married, on 17 May l<t>4, 'ayuuu); rieh Hr. 
Orawe, a MH('artiRi*,'Mnern'Unlii theflnt lord 
Crewe {0/-al. yfag. for 17ttl)i and another 
ilAutfht erilleuriett.inrTIarrkl, married, fint, 
at St, l"icor(re'.», Hanover Square, on 30 Jan* 
ITlM, the lion. I^dward lloovcrie, and w- 
condly, in lt^ll,whvnshe wassixty-oneyeara 



old, Lord Itolicn Spr'tiocr, a []niiiiiiii>nt vWtg. 
Sluv ilifxl ni H'lHiliiv'lttm, ni-nr Miilhiirst, im 
17 Xov. IfiSfi, A well-known painting by 
Sir Jodhuii R<>rnnl(lN of Mnt. Jltuivric nnd 
Mrs. rri-wf>, ihi' wvoiid wiff nf l.nnl C.TfVt>, 
«a» nftcrunitlB eiurravi'd by Marchi. Thv 
4('' ■ ■ ,_.j. jn^rt-j.^i into .ithor 

ki ' ' >, burh n& those of 

Ci»\i iiiiiN'! .nm »'i .ilji'M', TIh" cliangi- iti hi* 
li/r- from comtn^m? In ihc mo^t foAhionalilr 
Bocicly of Ijondon is not eMiI* •ccoiinted for. 
Carlyle, in his ' Frfd'.-rick the Great' (ii. 6f0 
t^/^enlU l-'awVi-ntir '0 nmn liiitbly utiuif- 
tnoritblcnowwiTeil umfor llie vnun;; FrviiHi- 
nuiu liv WHS liuspilablo to.' Voliaire i^alleO 

AVuiddwnnh,' and in aner I'lff^ n>ni<wed the 
frii-ivbiliipin n cyjrrwrponifcnpeof nometwpnU' 
]et(4-r3, .si-njin? r«wktiiiT mmn boolu, wli- 
citinK !■<* fTixid officer* for an Kn^liali (i^lioii 
ftf tin »pr> i>f Iioub XTV. and drnTrinn' upon 
kim for iU/. on nccount of tlie [irffflia. TltoM 
Ictl'on, dated b«tv«tn 1TS5 and 1753, were 
confided by ibt- ,\-<Hinjfi7 l-anknti«r to ftii 
Kuoliafa diplomaliiil tallMl li^lwan) Maton, 
uiu wort* M-iit by Iiim id 1780 to M. do la 
1Iar]i»f. Thi-y wt-r« jirintMl in * Ijellrwi itifr- 
diUw do Vnlrjiiw' (iHfiHl, i. 71, &<:., and 
nfTord aTiiIiinlilii |irni<fof lli« witnnib of Vol* 
tftire'a friondtihip. Fawfeftn^r's rharaftpr is 
revnalitd to ue in the follon-ini; ]>e»f4it;e fmrn 
onu of hill letli'n liuftU-d in Voltains'ii ' Hi>- 
marlis on Pascals •■ Tensf-^fr : "' ' I am ht re, 
just iwvnu loft mo.tioitlKTincrrit'rnorBaddor, 
norrichernorpoon-r, tnjoyingpiTfirl tioallb, 
tiQTin^ •■vvrything t lint n'n Jen life a^nvabb-, 
witliciut low*, witliont nrnnof, withnui aiuhi- 
tion, aud without envy; mid «i> long tta all that 
IbAa I shall i-all myself a very happy man.' 

rNiclivlA Lit. Ancal. viii. ti, *6I : Cose'* 
IVIhitn. 1, -109-1 ; llams'ii I»rd Uardwicliv, ii. 
273, 2KS; CtinX. Mng. (1758), pp. M«. 6V1; 
Coxi»'» Sir Iluli-rl Wiilixrlc, i. 484, iii. 356; 
Ooxa'o Humtin Wnlpolc, li, iii. 901 : Wiklpole'ii 
IamI JourniiU[t7Tl-t<31,i :i7; Wnlprilr'sl^lprt, 
i. 8S, 346. ii. 7*. 7fl. 90. I«©. 102. 315. i*. i3S. 
Tiii.S74.ix. 331; Leuors of I^idv HtrTt.-v,p.U46: 
Plartoo'it Volt/iii*. i. 203--JI, 278-7. S3&-6. 60*. 
■i. *G~», S27, Uudfi/>liliiir> I>uL« uf Cviulwi^ 
land. pp. 130-2. 316. itUli Hanover S<)aan Ro- 
Ki«I«ni(lIarl. i^oo.). i. 13^. aAA; J. C Smith '4 
Briiifh l'f»rtrait«. ii, Wll ; O^n.-alajr''" 0**0. '- 
138: J.C, Collin>i'iiVoItniniiiiHiiglnDd.pp. 23£- 
asS; CkMtorfio1<)'*Mi<irolUiiroua Wor|ui(I777V 
i. 281,318 ; OiiltUmirh'ii VoluiraM'iinnii>trbiun'> 
ed. of frDrk*). iv. 30 1 IIowEU'it Stata Trials. 
xriii. 745-8.) W. P. C 

FAWKES, l-RANnS(17i»0-i::7\port 
■ad ihvinw. M»n of Jun^miaU lawli'*, for 
tweuly-oighl yearn rpct()r of WanuHWOflh, 1 
DoaoaatL>r, nua l^iptiH^ at AA'anusworth 1 



4 April 1730, ami wlooitM at Bary frwjj 

srliool uiidor ihn ICkv. .Inhn Urlvr. (_hlj 
16 Marrb 17.S7-Ji hn wna ailroitt/>il w an or-] 
(linnry "ixkr into J^qsiis CViltp^i-, Cambridge,] 
htaliilor Nr>inff thr- Krv. ICuliurd Ihiklr-v.aiKLl 
waiithfn dt-ijcriU)daBarNVannsworth, Vork-l 
uliirc, Iltt »«!» idi'Olril I 
iho foundation of Dr. M 
ITIt'^.tOilTi ' ' -: iFMiii ill hr 
linn on'- '■ indadvflii 

lion^cliul'M-^i , n> ^IJiiiic K t- ill- vl 
ofH.fV. wftsloki*n ill I7JL', hia^oiitilli'al 
dati-d I') Jan. 1711-3; liu rvL-vitinl hi£ co| 
Ii-Htiuioniabi oii2H Ajinl 1 744, and ftn 
M.A. ill 17-i'">. At an fsrlv iieri'ij in 
wa* iirdniiicil in Mir Ktiglwli rhareli to th«»1 
curary of Brumhaiu in hUnalivtti^tmtv. lis 
wa» ' n Fort of rhaplain ' to .Mr, Fo^ and I.iiDQ 
faftMTrunl'i l^nrd [lin^l«T).and his fiwt pro- 
uuclion in Iileruturv iti ouid to linv; Ix^-n anj 
•nonvmotu pjem di'M-ribitijr the bi'Aiiiii.-A of 
Mr. l,an<''H l)0<i»e at J^runilium, which wu 
publisbi-d ill qiuLTlo in l~4ri. Fawken after- 
ward* lidd thu curacy uf Cniyilon, wltiTe 
Cum« under till' uotirrof An^[ilii»hopiIvrrin^,| 
whom he fliittfn^d with an ode, said to have| 
btvu includtHl in Jk^dsk-y'fi cnlk-clion, on hij 
recovi-ry from Bickni'^ in l7ol. In f.h* ful-l 
lowitii; yoar the archbiBhop Watgweil ujmaj 
rhf>iKM-t ltii'-vioflmfr'-<>fOrpin)fton,Kont,will 
I ho clutpelr^'of ^«i. Mary C'my niid ih<> niirn-] 
ditnt ciirucT of kiiLickholr. I''urth« pwfof 
mi?nt wac i-xiJ«ctwl, but hi* hop*- of ndranrf^J 
mcnl wan ciuhUmI by his palron'it di^nlli in] 
17ti7, whvn thfi di^upjNHnlcd aspintiit ^i 
vent to Ilia frvliiigN in nn idi-ny *lylwl ' .\Hn>-| 
liud,' which wttM primed in I7(tl with lhi»| 
' (>ri)i:innl Pociur and T[>ini>lali<>[ii 'of Fltwkt^9| 
and reprinted in 17ri,'t in th» volume i.if'S<>voi; 
Sormom by ArthhiOiop Il.'irinjt,' pp. xlii- 
xlviii. Fiiu*kc>> r«<m3ined at (.Irpinaton nnljtl 
April 1774, whnn, bv thi* farmir oflh© lidr.] 
(Hiarleal'lumplrije, D.Il., rw^torofOqiinjUon- 
iuid ae Auch patron of tho adjiin.'nt rrelury itf 
Ilayv!^, he woH appointed to liuvi>K witb thai 
curacy of Downo. Tlii: unlv additional j'ii^Htl 
of clerical ])atronai:t- which Ixv n-oi'iveu waal 
a chaplaincv lo llip I'rinci-«» DowniriT tifl 
Waltw. Thif was probablr his own fiiull, fori 
ijiongli tlio Mandiinl of rlenrnl lifn wils not! 
hiffh) hi! wHfl jironounns] too fond nf ,iorial 

faietr. He was nlwityi, |ioor, Im' hi? ch«;r"| 
III pood humour drew iniiiy fr'., ulrs '•^ his 
lie diwd on 3(1 Aujr. 1777, *' 
formerly a Miss I'nrrier of L. 
morrioi] nbotit 17G0,was luft with «citaty 1 
aourcea. His- librarv was Mold in \77H, 

Fawkes wo- considered by hi« rontemf 
rarii** tin:- bi-sl translator atncv ihn dniraot 
Poj>p, and I>r. Jolin«>n Kavo it na htn nti[uio»| 
tliat Fawlccs hud tnufliittd ' .Vnocn-vii ' vvrri 



•awkes 



365 



•awkes 



^ 



fluely.' I?i* worljpi wffi;: I. 'A Description 
of May fi^tni (riin'in LK>iip;lA6 ' t moderniti^), 
by F. Kowk"-*, 17*11*; widi p<x>tu: rfeJ'nailion 
la Wtllimu Hixon of l^iierwil, n Ytirksliir)' 
frit*Htl. 2. ' A I^'^Hpiion of Winter from 
flAvt'in I >oit^'lii>,' 17<VI, tmH)i.'mi<inl in »lvlt< 
itnil dmlintti-il to 'ilie R«v. Jnhn LiAN<r, A.M., 
funiH'rlv my pn-ti-plor.' Tlii» ' TVrttTiptioii cf 
ly' h«.^ TiVL-nilr hwn incliidiNl Atiinnc iho 
■inlsoftlip Aiiiigen-yleSoi-ifttv. ;t. '\\rtrkj* 
AnBon^m. Snpphi). Rion.Mwctiiis.Rnd M«- 
6B>iiH imn^IiitHl into Kii^li^h hr n gcntli'mnn 
ofCumbrtiljn^ ' ^i.e, Kankcs), 1 7*W. Miiuy of 
lluuMlfs wcr^tnktl^IftterlliyliitDdunnjj'hiscol- 
Ip^ie life, ami in M>ruc iti«iuiii.'*'(! lio i\-|>riiiivd 
the Tcr>ioiM of I'r. Dt-ooinokDrlallii'mrilerfl; 
Sndflil.H-iilihi^iiauii-, 17':'d. Fawlii^'titniiis- 
UtioD wb» ]iri:ilL''i in Fraiiw in It'.'Vi and in- 
cludvdiD ll><.''Col!'.'(rtiaiifi(irtlif Itriti&b Pin'ra' 
by Andt-n>nn (vul. liii.) and Clmltn^ni {\o\. 
XX.). and in tli<> '(in^i'k and Itainan Po^ih' 
of Wliilliti^'liani {xnl. xiv,) Ilia lerstoii of 
Bioii.M/M'tniiiSikiipho.iuid MiL-wiiswMuitb- 
lu'bt'd with lrnu6latioU8 of lleuoal by ( . A. 
Ellon, and of Jjyi:o|iliron by Lord Kovston iu 
1831'. i. ' Ori^'iual Poimh^ and Triiii«Ulioiw,' 
I46I. )lauv of (lie ori)i;illul piiveH hImwi^ 
milcb fauiiixiir; (lie tmnslatione vri'ivchitrdy 
fmm ' RlfnitridfT* nnd fmni llir Latin i«>i'mi' 
of Cfiriitojvln r Hinurt, 5. 'Tlii' Complflf' 
Family Uili!". willi NoIr»Tlwo!i^cal, Moral, 
OilicaL'&<', 17fiL To this pmdiiction, which 
caiD9 oul in HXty weekly ntiQitK-r», he wid 
bis luune ior money, iinil liis niimt: pf>i»«i'»i*<l 
«uScipnl vnluf in iW book world to juMify 
«a editinn in l7fjo ' n-ilh noti-o (aki-n from I 
Knwke*,' (f, ■Tli*- I'-H'lical CnL-ndar.' iii- 
tt^ndivd U4 K Kiiiiplemoul lo l)iHli>lpy'i' collrir- | 
liuni wb-ctrd by FBwk« and Williiirn Woty, j 
1763, W roU. Toilivlwoirtb rolunii>t>fthi<i 
4»tl»ct ion Dr. Jolinwin contnlmlvd a d«liu«>a- . 
tioi)nrthi>i-bni-Hi:1orof William Colling, wliieb 
aftf-rwnrtU ffirim-d (hi^ emuodwork of thw 
lifd of C"lli«H in the * hivt-e of thp Poel*.* 
7.*l*0L>lirjil Ma^xinw.or iI)«Mum>«' Monlbly 
CoMpnniou/vrtl, i.l.lll. Theeompauiornhip 
IfeitMl bni fr-r fliv months, Jiinuart' to Juhp 
ITftl. Iu I hiw iind»Ttaking Fnwk.** W.i* apiin 
axxictnlt'd w-illi Wotv. «. ' rarln.lirtvShtvil- , 
i«V,' on irUijjKe lo tUe Hon. riinrW Vorkp, 
l7tU. Thin |.t.«w wu§ Hutn;««siod by Vorkn. ; 
ft. 'Th** Wrtrli* of Hornr'- in KTi(;liiib Vsrpe, I 

by ^''" ■'"■ '- 'i"doihi'rhiind*,'to whirh 

•ft iii"n», l7'J",lvoU. Home , 

**t • ■ .... 1.- nnd iiiiiluii'jiis aiv by . 

FawkiM lit ■Th" Hyllinnia "f Th-Hicritus, j 
tr»lwUit(-tl l.y Krnncin FawkM," 17H7. In ' 
Ihu (nn-Uiinn h" unji'yHl tUi* asHiHtanrv of 
niimr^oiik frii'inlx, the hkwL pruiuincnt of 
whom wrrw Itidiop '/Mchary IVarw. ]>r. Jor- 
tin, uil l>r. JohiiBuit. It wua dnlicatMl to 



Cbarloei Vorke, II. In January 177:! (iousli 
wrote a letter with ihc wortLi 'Fawkes is 
intiifllalin^ ApoU'iniiiii Kbodiu^ into Kng<- 
linb,' boL the tKwi's diUlorioeM and love of 
utiM dvlayed \l» nptNiarBncv until aft^T hia 
deelh. It wmt pnldiitbed in \7tH), and lli« 
whole work wftB ' ret-iw.'d, corrMii-'il, nnd cnm- 

i>\vtfii hv his coudjiilcr and nditur' (Mr. 
ileen of ICinnmnii^t ('ollpgfi, OninbrJdp'),who 
pafised the work through the press in order 
that thf indiai-nt wicJowmrglit 'avail hir^df 
of tho gpneroiM .'ubHrriptton.s.' Fawkw'a vo- 
lume of original p>)viU4 wai) (?nibo<tied in ibv 
colloction by Chalroi^r* (vol. xri.), sonii? of 
them wi're incliuU*d in NichoIs^V o.»ll«tion, 
Tiil. 88'9,1, and strreral of \iis tranitlfltiona, 
chiefly from ' Mcnandff,' wcro ruprintvd ia 
purt I. of thf 'Comicoruni (irjijcijrum I'rd^ 
niL'nla ' sclcsrti'd by Jamiv QaJlcy (1S40). 
Iiiml Ittnliiin, nllt'rwuriU known n« Ihn ' Ue- 

r'uhli(-«n'I<onIStanhope.DiitTTiedIjitdvHfster 
'ilt, dniiphl.:^! of tlw fir*l I^n! fluitliain, 
who«e KMt VAS tiituatt)d in Fawkca'a pariith 
of IlavM, on 19 Dec. I77J, and some linta 
ikddniiMiyl 10 thi* liridcfrroom by Fawkfs an 
thia ocL-ofiiou uru priuti^ in linf 'fbutham 
Il'orr> -spun de tier,' iv. .17^. An estmordinaiy 
iKipiihinrv QUi'iidtil hi.s 8on(f of'Tho Brown 
.1u^,' wbit'h lj«'gtiii with the wordit 

iMir Tom, this brown jog thul now foams with 

miU itlts 
Wan oncp Tflby Fdlpotl. 

It. haa UTcr ainoe fonnod a part o( all the 
Mnig-bouk« of our i-oiintry, niid wnit intro- 
duced br Jolin O'Kei-fl'e into bin tomic opera 
of thu ' I'oor i^oldirr,' which waa plari^u at 
<.\ivcnL tianii'D Tln-Jilri* for tho hr«t Iim^ on 
4 Nov. 17hS. It waa ilien exuig br ,Tohn 
Johiietunu, and it was afturwards unook' tlu- 
favourite piiN:*!* of (*hnrlej« Inclcdon. Ihirinf; 
tlip debateo »n catholic etnancipatiou thff 
opening linen wi-r* ijiioted in thi- Houw of 
CiMumoni' by Canninc in ridicnb- of Copley, 
aflerworrlslx-rdLyriuhiirst.wilhtlw punning 
iniputDtinn that a spn-ch by Coplev wa* but 
thu reproditclioii of iht matter wliicli oncv ap- 
peared in a pamphlet of fBiabop) FblUpott^. 

[Pioxii's AnciHotcs (Napirr'f d. of Itoiwll. 
k^'.).rt.2ti; Ita.te-t'sKmt.i. lOT. 118. 12K 138; 
Nichol-'x Lit, An*n!. liv 61 -2. «44, \-tii. 424. J), 
5Tft ; Note* and Quorit*. 3rd Kr. iii. 270, 1th 
m. ii. 23. 67. ffii; iDfamkation from Mr. John 
L..(.rofS!ii!xlMlJnlI.] W. P. f. 

FAWKE3, (iV\' (ir,70-160H).«>n«pin»- 
lor, only »m>ii and sei-ond chilil of Kdwant 
FawkcA of York, by his wif<' FMith. wn> hap- 
ti»i.il at llif-i-hurrhiif Sl.Miche«l-h)-itidfn'y, 
York, lit April 1670. Thr- father, a noury 
or prof-tor of th« ivcb-siastirai courts nnil 
lulvocatv of till? tfon&iilor)' court oftho Arvb* 



fe^ 



Fawkes 



266 



Fawkes 



bisliop of York, wiis second son of William 
Fnwkee, rugiBlrar of the oxchtxiuer court of 
York diocese from 1>j41 till his death about 
156o, Guy's puternal grandmother was Kllen 
Ilaryngton, daughter of an eminent York 
merchant, who was lord mayor of that city in 
153('i; she died in 157i>, and bequeathed to 
(iuy hiir best whistle and an angel of gold. 
His father was buried in York Minster 17 Jan. 
1678~S); he left no will, and his whole estate 
devolved on bis son ' Guje,'at the time barely 
nine years old. There can bo no question 
that his parents were protestants; it is known 
that tliey were regular communicants at the 
parish church of St. Michael-le-Belfrey, and it 
18 a fair inference that Out was brought up 
in their belief. He attended the free school 
at York, where Thomas Morton, afterwards 
bishop of Durham, and Sir Thomas Cheke, 
besides John and Christopher Wright, after- 
wards his fellow-conspirators, were among 
his schoolfellows (cf. Jardikg, p. 37). In 
li)85 Ilia father's brother, Thomas Fawkes, 
died, leaving the bulk of his estate to Guy's 
sisters Elisabeth and Anne, and a trifling 
legacy to hia nephew — ' my gold irnge and 
my bedd, and one payre of shetes with th' ap- 
purtenances.' Shortly afterwards his mother 
married a second, time. Her husband was 
Dionis Baynbriggo of Scotton, Yorkshire, and 
Guvand his sisters removed with theirmother 
to .Scotton. Their stepfather, son of Peter 
llnynbrigge, by Frances Vavasour of Weston, 
wns closely related with manygreat catholic 
fumilios, and was doubtless of the same per- 
puasion himself, while some liear neighbours, 
named PuUeyn, were strong adherents of 
the old faith. Guy was greatly influenced 
by his new surroundings ; the effects of his 
earlier training soon faded, and he became a 
zealous catholic. In 1501 lie came of age, 
and succeeded to full possession of his father's 
property. On 14 Oct. 15S>1 he leased some 
houses and land in York to Christopher 
Lumler, a tailor, and soon aftenvards made 
arrangements for disposing of the rest of his 
estate. In 1593 he left England for Flanders, 
where he enlisted as a soldier of fortune in 
the Spanish army. In ir)9d he was preseut 
at the capture of Calais by the Spaniards 
under Archduke Albert, and, according to the 
testimony of Father Greenway,waa 'sought 
by all the most distinguished in the archduke's 
cam]) for nobility and virtue.' Sir William 
Htanley. the chief Fnglish catholic who had 
ioinod the Spanish army, thought highly of 
Fawkes, and on the death of Elizabeth di- 
rected Fawkes and Fawkes'sold schoolfellow, 
Christopher Wright, to visit Philip HI, with 
a view to securing relief for their catholic 
fello w-cou ntry men* 



As soon as James I had ascended the throne, 
and had declared himself in favour of the 
penal laws, the Gunpowder plot was hatched. 
Its originators were Kobert Catosby [q. v.], 
John Wright, and Thomas "Winter, p awke's 
waa well known to these men, but had no 
share in devising the conspiracy. Early 
in 1604 the conspirators still hoped thai 
Spanish diplomacy might make their despe- 
rate remedy unnecessary. Velasco, the con- 
stable of Castile, was on his way to the court 
of James I to discuss the terms of a treaty of 
peace between Spain and England. Catesby 
desired to communicate with him at Bergen.. 
Winter was selected for the service about 
Easter, and Catesby invited Fawkes to ac- 
company him. Thiswoa the.firat active part 
that Fawkes played in Catraby'a dangerous 
schemes. Thejoumeyof WinterandFawkes 
brought little result. Soon after their return 
Fawkes went by appointment to a house 
beyond Clement a Inn, and there, with four 
others (Catesby, Thomas Percy, Thomas Win- 
ter, and John Wright), toolt a solemn oath to 
keep secret all that should be proposed to him. 
He and Percy, a gentleman pensioner, knew 
nothing at the time of the proposed plot. 
But after the ceremony of the oath Percy and 
Fawkes were informed of the plan of blowing 
up the parliament house while the king was 
in tlie House of Lords. Both approved the 
proposal, and witb the other conspirators 
witlidt^wto an upper room, where mass was 

ferformed and^he sacrament administered by 
"ather Gerard, the Jesuit. On 24 Mav 1604 
Percy, acting under Calesby's orders, tired a 
tenement adjoining the i)arliament house, in 
the cellars of which it was determined to con- 
struct a mine communicating with the neigh- 
bouring premise-t. Fawkes was directed to 
disguise himself aa< Percy's ser\-ant and to 
assume the i^ame'.of Johnson, As he was 
quite unknown in London, the keys and the 
care of the house were entrusted to him. 
But on 7 July parliament was adjourned till 
the following tebruarVjOnd the conspirators 
I separated to resume operations about Kovem- 
her. In the autumn the penal laws against 
! the catholics were enforced with renewed 
severity. The conspirators met at Michael- 
mas, and Fawkes was ordered to prepare the 
construction of the mine. A delay arose 
i because the commissioners to treat of the 
i union of England and Scotland resolved to 
meet in the house which Percy had hired, but 
I about 11 Dec. 1604 the five original cons^ira- 
' tors brought in tools and provisions by night 
and began operations in the cellar. The dig- 
ging 01 the mine proved more difficult than 
was anticipated, and John Wright's brother 
Christopher and Robert Eeyes, who had pre- 



Fawkcs 



267 



'awkes 



|viousIy Ufna ^'^■onl in, bui hud I-een mlii off 

Id talc r-Htv of k (iijui"' itl Lnmbflli. whvn- 

[biiilRriuls for llie mini* vetrt coIIwcumI, ^rvrt: 

IkciiI for lu tako jkart in Lbi! mtuiu^ work. 

T-'nwItM, (irpfiflffJ iLs ft portur. ncu-d us wn- 

Itiiii*! in Ihu liaiisv, nml for 11 r(irtiii(;)il nnnf 

I of lti> rf)m|Mioionit iin|w-Ai«(l u)h>V" grniimt. 

rlnfornutiunreaL'liedl-iinliesulwiilCliriMtiiiiis 

ihiUllH'iDfeitnjiDlpurliiinn-riloriifinallyiixci 

f'lr Ft'bniJirv Ii^id hi-irn ili-f.rn'il till lu« ()o- 1 

1"b"'r fnlluwing. 'rii*reiil>on theronspirstoni 

Bi'^antr<l, Iml tlit-y TMHiai-'l wnrh in Ft- 

fcruary 1(501 J>. lii .Innujirv Jolm Uraut an<i I 

iTbf'iuta Winler'&broihcr ftoberl. w^Tuswofn 

lof llif undertaking, In^idtf nu oW sonant <j( '■ 

i('-iil<'r>liv iwiii"! Ilntf ^. wbuw siwpidons hftfl ; 

llMnii amused. AUuut MarcU lU'- coiippinitore 

Ifain^ til Pi-rcv't natni) nii HiljniniiiC cvllar, 

I which nm immwliaU'ly Wlnw the itoii*.' of 

|I>}rd»,Bn'J which hna jiiM br*-onn' v«rnnt. 

Alti'rin>:tlK'irpIiin, tlH*j'A)ienilnn<'<1 themine, 

anil tillr^ their newly acquir<Kl cpllar with 

)>iinvls of punpowder And iron biiw, coi*- 

bc««)iB^ tliti-vxprotiviw bvnMtb Iiuuber of all 

|ldD<U. 

Ill TAny 1G05 ihv worit wu done, tad s 

Ifurthpr •djuuniincnt louk place. Fawkca 

|wii> arnt (o l-lundi^ni t» ri>mmiini»tt; llie 

ldr*lMl>i (if Iho plot lo Sir William Hlanlify 

fan'! "' nwt-n- Stiinleywaa in Spain, 

I 'jut liltiv l>ii|R' ihiit lliAcon- 

laninii-i \Mi H.i tiif^-t with Slanlry'KapproTal. 

I At the end of Aii|,'uat Fawkes waa tguo in 

iniJon. Ilohanit-ilhimwll inr*'p!acinir with 

■y burmb any in the wJlar that wtre in- 

ti^ dutttp. and WriKil cluit nnrliumcnt 

nul lo inn-l till '1 No\. ''Ik- took n 

\nt;nt 'unt^Mrx. II>Tbt'rl'!ib'>uit<>,awic!uw 

dwi'Un on the tiack^idc nf St. Clprapnt's 

[I'huroh/ and whvn hi.- found thnt hi» land- 

I Imlv rtii-jH'ftrii him f>f (WsiH-ialiiia with itomau 

[calliulie", ho hurrioilly Ifft. Ml*. HrrU-rt 

lutnti'i) ihut he wip> alwnrM ' in kikhI rlnlhru 

tD'l full of mnaer ' {\<itf* and Qufner. Und 

r \\. 277-9), AIkihI Micliti''lnia»Sir Kv""- 

llfil^by, An)brriK>i'1iookwi»nl,ftnd Fmnci^ 

culiniii, (hrw wealthy WMintry gi-nllemen, 

^wen- addfd trt tho liM of coiijipirfttoM, and 

<>rpn)vidiMif iinniid 

. Ill the ifovtrutucni 

' ■'' AllhtJ 

■■inp Xho 

Ici V,..-. . .1; . i-,-.. ; i ,... o.--, whdi"' 

iiriliiru Olid «wiini(*<' hud Ixim nTinarkalil'' 

ir()U;fhout. A iilrtw match wua to bo n«>d 

ihii-li wnuM hIIow him a finnrti-r nf an huiir 

nakr )t<h)<) hif u«-api-. Hi* nnl<H^ vn-rf 

to fiiiliirk for I'lunden lu soun aa ikv train 

WB« firivl, and Bpn-ad ihf uuws of thf iv\|iliv 

rioB nn iho ronimi'nt. 

Aa tin* day appronch«d th« eompiTAtor* 




diii>ij«F^-d th« |Hi«pibiIity "f wnruiiiif ibwir 
citthiitic frien'lo in the Uou^ of Lonia nf 
thi'ir iij])R-ndin)r dan||ft-r. Fawkra wishMl 
to prultti Lofl Montrtguw, It wu» drc.idtHl 
that il was a1l«n~ablt> for individual ronspi- 
nttoritodiiwliat ihi'Viimhl without «iif<:ific 
vran^n? to indun> their fripuds lo ubwnt 
t hciu»<.d vi'» from ihc ]>arlintnQUt liUBw on 
tht- fatal dat^. Iliil Tn'i'ham waa i^sMciallj 
anxiouB to »i>(!ure tlio eafi'ty of l^ora Mont- 
iiif;I(^. and. iifter the first dJACUu^ion, niet- 
('ntt'^'by, Thoma.1 Winter, and Kawkc* at 
Whiti? Webbs in order to obtain their per- 
mih^ion to privc a distinirt ^aminf to bU 
friend. Can-nby and Wmtfr wi.-rc obdurate. 
tJn Saturday, ytf Ck-t., Lord JIonti'Afflt' re- 
c('ivt.-d UR unihiguous lector euUuBUntr Kiui to 
avoid nttemlinic thi^ kin^ at the opening of 
paTliimcnl. Montvtffle ahowed it to Lord 
Salisbury tUf winio day. Th« wrwa eoon 
reached Winter and C«taib}'. KAwkea* 
i^ornnt of (liis turn of aflurs, wan M<al 
m «xninint! \\m: wllnr an 30 Ort., *nd t»- 
port(?<I that it wa« untouched. Uy ^l Oct. 
the chnrufK-r of the plot wait upprvhcnded 
with much occumcy at court. Hut tlu' miuU- 
tcrq rvM)Ivfd (o mnki.' no »c>urch in tlu.< par- 
liameni boii^o till iho day bi-riirf thu 5th, so 
Ihat the ciiispiral'^ni uif;hi in»tiir<.< their 
plaoa. On .Snnday,3Nov„ftfuwof tho lead- 
ing cutupirnlorA lUft tOfrv'T.licr nnd Nili«f3ocl 
tbefUBelTea that tho dotaiU of the plot were 
unknown to tho auttioritics. All i^xoept 
FawkM prf^rcd, howeviir. to Ii^avi- London 
ut short nuticts [!•■ undertook to wateh 
the m-lUr by biniMdf. Next day Fiullolk, 
the lord chnnilH!rlft!n,sciX)tnpaaivu by .Miwt- 
eiiif te, iN^arvhed tliv |>cirliaiD«ut houM^. In the 
collar they nolicml nbundaDCi^ of coals nnd 
wo','d, and p-Twivwl Fawkos, whom tbin'di>- 
seribcd u^ 'a very bad and desperate f«l]ow,' 
fttaiidint; in u cornur. lliej' weru told that 
Thoniaa Percy nmtnl Xhv ctdlar with llip 
ndjoioinii honst". The officera left, witboat 
makini^niiy rvtnnrk, nndrvpnrtfd their o'lwi^ 
TaiionH to Iho king. Fawk&i wart aUmiedp 
IkiI ri>«olvt>d to apply the mulch to the gnn- 
powdw on the next appcaranra of danger, 
••Ten if he perished himoidr. lie wciii ftntli 
lo give IV-rcy warning, but n-tiiriied to his 
|H>>)i b"f"r» (nidni(;bt, and met on Iho thnrtb- 
old Sir Thomnfl Knyvutt, a \Vefctminst**r 
ma^i^lmte, and hi« aiteiidanta. Thu mllar 
wu* wTtnliMl; ihi- guiijMjwditr ditcovarmi; 
Fawkcs waa bound, nnd on hia ponton were 
diK-ov.TwI H wnUdi.nlowmatche", and toiich- 
W'lod, wbilx a durk lantern with n light itk 
it wu* foiiod near th* cellar door. Fawkea 
drrlarinl llini had bt- W-vn in I Ih- cellar when 
Knj-wtt cnn'nxl it, he wmild havu' blown 
htm ii]>, hoiiM', hiiQMlf, aixl alh' 



iiOi 



Al 'iii« oVI(K'li in llii? miimiii); it"- couiu'-it 
nu!l in ih" kind's h(>dehumlM>r at "Wliilt-liiill, I 
•Dd Fawkw, who K-tniy^d imitlMT f>*w iii>r 
AXcilomenliirnAhrnui^lil in iiruW f;ii4r(l. Hn 
coolly declined to uive nny inforuiiition alwut 
liiiiiMlf bi-youd »lfllinfr tliot hi* name wiw 
Jolinson, Hitd {venuBled in absolute eiltriu:i^ . 
wlipii iiiUmtjrati-d lut lo hi* fclinw-oiin.ipirn- 
tow. lit' iiH-fi-ri'-J lluit lie wi»4 iorry for 
DOliiing 1>i)l iIihI th>>ex|>l»«ii>iLli)id not laki^n 
pinco, Whpii (Ltki^d by thf kiiidMrliethtjrh'' 
did not regret liis iipiww.'d itttnck on I hv royul 
foniily, lift replii'd llwl a despcrote diMiwc 
reqiiirwl n duiirL-iT>UH nftavdy, und ivddtd ibnt 
'i)iK' "f 111" <ilj)i^.l» wan (<> blow tlic Scots 
Uu'k njTHiii iiiU) Scotland.' FHwke* w«« ff 
movt-d tli(> WIII10 nifibl !■■ tlu^ Ttmi^, nnd 
^eitiS Mihj'T-lod ti) furtliiY cxuuination bv iti'' 
judge* i'opbnm and CoKu. nnd Sir ^Viilutin 
Wftad, liciil'-nnnt of the Tower, on each of | 
the ibllowidK d&y ». A Um^ twriw of fi-an-Ji- 
ixiK question* WHS pivtMrcd by tlit' kinjiCliiDi- ' 
•»& un fJ Nov. (cr. Hote* and Qtifrir^, ihjd 
hur.riii-.'WSyj. Fawkfft'Hnniue waadiunTiTed 
by a letrrr found iiptm liim from Anttf. ludr 
\nnp, but nil tlin-atK of torture cuuld extort 
tlifi niinx^i of hU frifudfi, nor iiii%- ciitrvtoion 
of r<^ret for the criaw Uf Iin<l mt-diiaied. 
To fivL-rconn! his olmtinacv he was Bulijcclod 
to iht* rack, "pur graduH ad ima,' by nival 
wnn-ant. Tortiiw bad ihodewrMpftm. On 
S Nuv.,alth(>U{fh siill ■slubVim and jiervfrw,' 
be gavtr a )iixt<irv of the conapimcv without 
Bpnlioninf; nam^K. On the nisxl Jay Ins n," 
•oliition bruk« duuii, aud liu nrvi-alf>d lh<' 
Bonicv of his fellow-con i^pinilorK, after le«m- 
iiig ihnt .wviTiil bad alnsidj been arrMtffd 
At ITolbeacb. Ilii tMnfivHtDn \t itifmed la a 
miiibliiiK hand ' Huido Fawkef.' Bleanwhile 
piirliiimint had mot a* arranjced on 5 Nov., 
and on (>N«v. had been adjournvd till:JI Jan. 
On Ihril day th'* otb nf Nonnihcr was set 
apart liir ^^ytTiiKadayof thankstfivinR. Cuy 
Tnwke»"»nani»* i» slill chiefly ii*)«H'iiit*-d with 
tliodal'.'. ApropOtMil tninrtirlKftiDPfXimordi- 
Darv puiiiwhiiK'nt on ihi? o'tfender^ awailing 
trial was wUfly rtjcctcd, A spivial ihanhs- 
giviu^r pjrvic" wa« ifrepnrwl lor the churches, 
aiid many inmpliU't-s aomc iu Latin Vt-rse. 
d«nouncL<il ih'.- pl^rtlvn!. 

On -J? Jan. KXIiV-fi KawJcea, with the two 
WinltTJsOrant.KookwoiidjK'-yTO.atidHati-s, 
were trie<l beforw a hjhtJuI cotiimiiwii>n in 
Wi-=»lniin*trr Halt. All pltiidtd noi (Tuilly. 
Fawkw was a«kt'd by the lord cbief judite, 
I'opham, how be couVd n\\M- *urh a pl^a after 
bis eonfiiit^ions of guilt, and herepliixl ibalhti 
wotdd nol n-lract bis coiifeiMi>i>,biiIi iho in- 
diclment impliraivd'thf holy fathers* in thu 
flot. wiiioh was uiiwarmntfj. ,\11 th'- pri- 
eoacTs wero found guilty as euun ta Iht-tr cou- 



finul'iiijt wi-fv* read. Sir Ev>-niril IKkIiT wiU 
ihentTird and iNmricti**! nt>]utr»lt<ly. Finally 
jiid^mtiiit uf dt'ath was jxl'wh! nii nil- Cht 
Vriday, ^1 Jan., F*wki»B,"with WinliT, Knok- 
wood.and Kere6,WL<redninn fmrn ihtiTowvr { 
to tbc old piiliic4' at W.-wniini'ti-r. i-»tiii.«it« ' 
tJiL- parliamimi boube, whcr« a acairuM was , 
crrclrd. Fawkes was tbt< ln<t N> tnmint. lie I 
wa- wi^ak and ill frou] li<T i ' I, '>>h(i^ 

li>'lp>'i| \ipihi^ Udd^r. H '<nd| 

naked forgirt'nesa ti( the kin/ i.i.n •.nn 

A ratv ynal of the pbii!'r« Fawkw, HhjI 
two Wri^hta, iho two Win* ■- '" ''vby,! 
Pvrry, and Daltji, was pnhli^i I mdl 

bv Htmon I'aw wicm aller tin . - .' • ..tion, 
and wa* many linHWi rvipsuwl, Thep> is «| 
.'iiiiv ill riulli*>hr« ' Mi-moin' "f Tt«>m.trkabli' J 
, I rs'i, ii. !:>7. A cmiti'mMrary n- prt-l 
i rj of (Ite execution by N.de Xit^rhi-rl 
is aitJO extant. br^idt-A an i!ahnniti« d«f'Vnl 
by Michmd Itrocshoul entiTl»-d 'Thel'uwiierj 
'['reaaon. I'rapoundfd by Knttan, Appn>Vi'4| 
bv Aiili-Chrm,' which incIu'W » pnTtmit] 
((f 'Ouvdn Faune,' In t'arleton's 'lljank-l 
full Uf>m<inbrauce ' u> an onjrraviiig by F\ 
IIiilsiiiK, showini^ 'f^- Faox' with Itu li^hleit 
lanltTn in tht neiKhhourhood uf some bam-lit. j 
A Botntwbnt similar iibi«tmti r- m 

Vicars'* 'CJuin(t^ilPn^^ of (>!: -lef I 

IVice of Treaclu-'r^-,' \*Ui '■•" immj 

the Latin vrp*" I>f PT H.-rrinjf,] 

isftui'diBl'WK.riiidtranfll.'.-i I''. Inniftl 

iif lhi>s*> druninc^t l-'awki-s's ilin:«tian nnniol 
is printed a» '(juydo' or 'duido,' a vsriauO 
uf ' Olive,' wbirh he wwnia to bav.' aoi^iiir^wl 
durio); his udsocialtun with iIk' SimDinnls,^ 
A lanU-ni, ««id lo bti ihn mie employe-! bv; 
' Fawkefl in lh« c«11nr, in now in tlir Jludleta 
, Librar\-. Oxford. Il liearv a Latin in.acri[ 
tion, whii-b *tnti'* thai it wa* the Rift o^ 
'Robert Ilfiywood, late jirwtor of ih-j uiih 
venfity, -l .\*pnl IfUl.' AimthtT lantern, t< 
which th" ftttn'* iraditiini Hliochci'. was «oI(| 
from Ilusliden HhII, \-irthuitiptonMhire,aboul 
1830 l/fi»l«ry »/ ltu*h<Ifn Halt). 

[A Trtic-ndPrtfwf lt"liiti'in ofihawlMU 1 
cenlifig» . '1 ' ; . ■" '( 

LoikIop, : 
tho plol. 

, ol'CxkuiLi . I '" _ 

< ndditinQS on -Tiir iiliillxiUfiixr Irnuuii, with 

I iJiiuMunR of thp MinniT i-r it-^ Iii-po"*^*.' i 
I 1(170. .S*« ils'» tlir 1.1 

under (he riip!i«ncii 
' Iiiftia, xii. 2Vi*: H 

JnttliBo'KNnrmiikr ' : 1| 

I Wlnwo."!-;'- M. ■'.■>-. 
'lJi«S>l'' <U 

Hist. «! I 

JfttiH^ I}, l<>'tu'<>; hiiU < 

Wtlliitsi Huliu oonLribu 



Fawkes 



369 



•awkner 



Exnmiaer, 12, ID, uyl i'i Nor. i^l, preivuding 
tojoMifjp Fovrkro. frun which l,aiii>' qimt^il iu 
hU »wny on Oujr F«iu.] -t. L. L. 

FAWKES. W.XLTKU ItAMSDKN 

^17^i^•■ I^li''!. mi.*i-''lliiiii;ou» wriHt, l»jrn nt 
Uawk>wiirtli, Yorkshire, in IflK), w«^ tlirr 
«ld*>(tt RDti (if Wa1l>'r Ikaiiinuut F«wk(i8. the 
immd of lut i)l<l WtMt Kidiii^ rnuiily. liJirly 
in life SValu-r l-'awkt^s bi-c&mp on active 
muinlier of ihv xdviinn"! wciiyu of iho whitr 
pttrty. being: M.l'. r»r llie couuly of York 
from l****:! 10 IpO". IIo twk 11 prwrniucui 
jtart ill rhw nnti-ikl^iti^ tniili.- movt-mt'iit, and 
«{KiV« I'flitriiveW ID ih« ilfbal** wliich piv- 
cwlfd ih"' (uuiving ftf \ViHnTfi>n'"''t lur-iuiurfi. 
In )M*;t li<r HIImI i1i<.> nlGo! of hi^'li ftUmlT 
of VnrlwUire. Ill- WHS » iimnof vitrii'il ititt-l- 
iMttiuil Kilt«. u rultivBtM irnlc-r, and, ohnvc 
ftl), 11 iin.'nt I'll t-r rnni nairnn of ih*- fine »rL«, 
In l>t!(i hn piiUiitUrtl 'The Clir(.nolf>fry «f 
Xhf Uiatory ipf Mij»Wn Kiiroin*,' in IMIi! a 
*iipc»*h on I'ltrlitiui^nUry IMurm,' atHl in 
iHiT 'The tCnf^IloIitnnn'^ .Vlaniiul ; or, a IMa- 
loyiiv lirtwiwii a Tiirv ami a Kt-ftirmKr : ' in 
all of wliich ho Mt t'ortli bia polilical vicwi 
aoi] k>aiii(iK>i uitli mucli jn-r>|iiciiity. II« 
will Ihi U*i ivnirmbi'ri'ti. hitwpver, hj ihi- in- 
timuic friend unit om- of iiw v«rli<ii| jmtrona 
ftf TurDtT. lliP nrtidt, Turn'T liad a w«l- 
coiBH nud n home nl FamU'V Unll, I'nwkuH 
>Vhnrf<.«lalK n-Jiiil*nce, wlionin't^r 1m) chosft to 

Sr>, nnil nw.'d tuo[H-nd luonllu nt ntinui titcre. 
Ir. Kunkin han \iame (.-loqiirul ti--ii imnny 
tn Uio inllucnci) of Fawkf», Korniey, and 
"WlinrftHlnli' mi th« ^^niiLfl of Turn»T. an<l 
thii Turner (vtllrrlitm (itill iruBlin^ ill Kant- 
hy Hall CDiitnin* alxiul UwoftOiflrdl of the 
■rtiiiri> rliiNi-i.t *orli«. ' KuwIciM w&& aim a 
kwn n^TirnllnnHl. ]li> (lid much Lowanb 
the im]>n>vi<ni«nl<irhiiir<ilali-A, nitd wua very 
aufcuMifiil aA n 1w<ei>di'r of cattli'. bU ahurt- 
linrnt itemg linnn-ii iitjF<initai< wrllaaiii Kii^;- 
lamL In r-mjuiu-tiiin wiili .Mr, Jiinnfl Wlii- 
Ukirr "f lliirlfV-iM-Wlinrff>dnh? nml th- R"'v. 
J, \. ltli'-l--"f H.jfifdrib h-' fiHinditi the 
O'l' 1 S>>ci<'lv, nnii iif l-hc firni 

of iiind. The park whirh be 

fnrii.'-'l i^r \. a\i \ i|a]| n-M »tO(!klKl with pm] 

■ml fallow doer, «.-tini«. wild ho;^. and a 

«pi -' '■ ' T froin India. II" irr^'iitly pn- 

Lir iiiily miin«i'>ri at Kiiriiley, wtiich 

III ■' nsunvci'lltrliim". Ilcmnr- 

riii "f of IWirrt llniiuton ui 

K< I Li Urf:« &unily, dyiR|[ in 

Ivii tS'.''*), and brtn|{ buiimi 

in tL' ! 1 (It (iilry. 

lFn»1«r'K P*licrwi> of W<^l Killing KumiliM; 
0...! ^f^.. f„r 183.;-, iMvds Mamiry, IMX'): 
Til . reo^Tiwtior; HaBiarian'a Lifv uf 

T-n i. B-T. 




PAWKXER, JOHN PA^:illi , 17»2- 
I80S>t, Aii-'inilun wiil-r. Iiorn ii)Ue1. 171*5 
{AffU-'Mrnf t{frtilit,'^.*\\i:\. lKii<l|, trviis in ht* 
«*luvent)i year whwii his fitlii^r wn* F'-nl'nictKl 
tn tnin«|><:irriili(iii, Ttif elder ['nukwr wa» 
allowod 10 taJt" hii family in llio convict »>x. 
iMilitirm dr-niMtcIir^l fmrn Kit)fliini] for Tori 
l^iUli)} i!(> April IHl)^ uiuW tlift r^imntaml 
of Livutenaut-odonid Colliiu, Purl l*]itllip 
(dlwoverwl in 180:;) wiu rcni'WI IO(iet,,bui. 
found to bu au<iiiit«blu. nud nn 'X Jan. IKU 
\hf eonvictj wtiw rt>^mh«rked nnd ihe »liip« 
unjcvoded lo Van Uiemen'H Land. Young 
FawknRt became n *«wyer by Iradv, but was 
puni^bed far lielpin^ annnt Mca|ung ruuvii^ 
in IHU.nndretired toSydoey. Ilv rtrtunied 
in IH17, Hnd appean ify hare pmriiB^j nil 
[KiMible i-iillin(t«. \\v vriu- n linker, farnKTf 
and b<j<ik»elli)r. n« IcfV. Hitbarl and w«<nt 
ii'irth to J^iinn>«ioii (l^lft), wlier« h« took 
an hntfl, and then in 1H29 underttmk tb>t 
' Lauiiccjl'in Advertiwr,' chanrin^ it« luune- 
to 'To^iiiuman Adv>'rli«!r." If.. nlartMl a 
(.■uai'b in I'tI^:;. pracli.vd e.3 a bii.^li lawyer, 
and opened some iiKi>i*niblv-r-}on]s. In I'ui}^ 
bewsA fined for af^in niJiii); in the voctijiMof 
cwnrii'ii", and U<. l<«t his bot«l liceiii*! for at- 
tacking the rpiiidi^nl ma(;i:>trat<: in hii< nt-w«- 
pper. lie ah'twed liifrary laUes, owned a 
library and nrw^room in kia hotel, anduSbnKl 
to (evtcb French, 

All'-iiit-!>t )ind ulroady bi-v'n 11 ' ttl» 

Port riiilli|i,*'-i>iviallyllvJo}iiJ : \\\ 

l"uwi!nfr!i«4lil.-lrrmiiiHl,even i>mp- m-irmif 
(WimII«iiimn, I':>niak>>a!-iniil(irn1t<^^rit. Tbi< 
' Lnunrvittoii Advirlivr' of :il iliiy IbS.* mcn- 
tinns tliat bin Rhip, I hi- Kntcrpri^e, was Iwinn 
e<iuipp«l for tl)f purpow. Hut nn Fawlmer, 
proatratiil by M>a*«icknesM, had to be pat 
aelxirv, and an hi-'' ajuociute* ^tlbd, nf<1 at 
W^t.Tn Point, Imt on tlie pr"-*eni A\it of 
MMbounift, hiH claim lo be aol^ foun.li<rof 
Victoria i» untenaliii! (lloxwitK, Pvrt PMlHft 
fiftllfmrMt.n.c\\{\: Meltt-iurni- tlrralit,\-13n\v 
l&Vi ,mJ M Srpl. I>«W; ^ryw.l,' Feb. |.Htl6, 
£c.) On bif) bite arrival lie did muck, bow- 
ever, I'.i »timula(e and direcl hij* av»viAtcs. 
Iln Ikiitll the tint o^ulnr h(>ii>e in ibu'^ndof 
IivVj, In the ( ictol*"rfif that yr-nr there wi-m 
but tlxirty-thrii' ■••tl it-r- in llir udiole di«trict, 
of wbdm but twiinlT-iWVMi wi-re Kontpnana. 
Fiir a liin« tin' wlmV- falo of ibe (\dt.inv waa 
■" '-■■«.' .\tlajtt It wo^df^idivl by ib<' liorau 
rit tUai ibe new ciluny rIkiuIiI b<i 

-.- Ill' control of tbt' (imi-nior of New 

Soiilb Wales, and tbat I ti'.u-inim.-> of ih.'^arly 
•*ttkr* OV'T th*' land Jiliould ni»l Iwallnwcu. 
Ill Jnne 18'UI ibp niloni^-T^, ]i->l t>y Fawknur, 
held a tnei'iiiitf,aiid p^titinnt'd for a n^Nidmtl 
mairiunilf. Tbm tawkner iiTaiied »u liot«r 
aodopsoMlabodtiigrv. UnlJaii.lb38,lM)fi)n»' 



'saa^ 



limii ill mniiiuicriiit. .Siiou ulinr tLu us-j nf 
tjrpft it Won »ijppivH)«-«l, twvAUrc FnwlciMtr hail 
B0t ffut llu! oteM^ari' survtiea rw)! ■ '. : 

fiFMis law»- hut r'kivkiier oli 
curctiL-a, uTid, w> u rivtU lotk<i'i'"ri i'ipiIi]' 
Ohu'IIo,' wliirli h«<l \n^n Mastt^i in lliu in- 
Inn'al, bctfitn tbfl ' PoD PhiUi]) Pnlrint ' 
(10 Fob. 1830), wliidi, nfivr chnniring it* 
nnm<) 111 liie' Ihuly Nrwa,' was Qtunl(,'n[iuli-<1 
in IM^ Willi tbr 'Affpu.' Meanlimi- bu 
ii{fit«t<:>il III fuvour nf M^iwralimi. I" 1^.".[)1ir> 
took (wn ill thv tli<insitil for tl 
meol of frw« warehouwn in M^l . t 

(h tlu> MkDi^ yf«r hi* nftmp upixwrri at t]i«) 
hwul of itii;' Kddroiw in w«lcom« of the firvt 
mtMrinteiidont, C J, I^trobr. In 1840 rho 
coloDj', llivn iitimbM'inK not more lltau 14;d 
tltouund soul.H, dutunndod eutirc M-|inrntion. 
hy tlitt u-t uf l^ll* Ton I'killip mtib rvpiv- 
Mnlcil )iy fivi> mcnitii^rs in tli>- l>-{|ti<liitivi- 
Coundl at Sv<lii(;y, but tbe greal disianw 
mtdo the Krntil illiiiii>rj, and in IrU8 Mti|- 
hourne pnMftfttM byrltnosinfrn-iiliivpn^sriitA- 
tive Lord Grey, tlwn colcn iul secretary. The 
eleclioQ wm (WI(irt'!l void, umi m-w i»Tit« 
wnt to Gwlong. I-'awkiier i>tin!idli:^, and 
iuiminat«^d five nf tli>; Icjidiii); English fttit!r»- 
nen. Tliou^li uniiuo<!e:«>'fuI, tlmir uolion 
beI|KHl to bring alioul rbt final «>•[>» mtiim in 
Iwb. Fawkner luul iilrundy iwrvva in vnrious 
ca|McitipH. Iti IKI:2Ii« waHnomtonlMl im tUv 
nmrkot «>mmission, and in the n«xt year to 
» sent in t)io frcolily i.'»ni>titut"d rorpnntion. 
KftwkiUT WHS rvtiimod to t)ic nt'w cimn«il nf 
Victoritt as memVir fw tbe coiintiCT of Dul- 
lioiuic, Anfi^csOA. nnd Talbot, When the 
coitstitiilion irns remi^dellod in Irt<V> h^ pn>- 
ferped the coiirtcil in the NMemblT. Up took 
A loadinjf part in |>n>tt;MiD|^ fteminnt thn »il- 
isittion of eunvi<rtK, and hi-lpod to riuiid the 
Aufttmlian Lcaf[n« of Ifiii. lie hud n^ 
ceivod nu<.'oiu|ivuvatiuu, ii$ Uulioiiii bad dono, 
for bis claini* as an t-aily settler, nnd liia 
inanr fn^pinoiils inlvrfcrrd with hie bnsi- 
neoe.' lie wan bankrupt tlireo I i men within 
eWitJ-MM (1*^13-51). 

PBwknwr bad bwomi' mi [lapnlar tbnt lii» 
nppointmfnt on tho Rold coniintanifin r«oon- 
cilwl it til popular favour. 11^ was ne-nanled 
tut hont^l. Dud iudopeoflent. Ho wkji a ndiual 
wbL-nadvocatiiig mjparalion front N«w South 
W»l»« andlhc fK-wliiraof tlioprcsa. Hut he 
oppoaetl iht* alxilition of llit- proporty qualifi- 
<]«IJo)i nnd tb)> iiilnidtict ion of thin ballot. 
In th4> timf of csciiompnt Don»quent on the 
gold disco verit<« IwinipjBirlwl Ihcailmintxtni- 
tion. Hr- wna firui in rf.^8ting the monopoly 
•oWaiB of the ei|Uiitt«r» to ihr land, «4>rviii^ 
on Um Uud oomnuMioa in ISAI, though at 



- " bfi lind II] ■ 
ii^-lf. li- 
the ^niiit i.'{ sui<: Hid (o relifrioi); l>ut 
•to^id a»df from ■ rlos" pnrtiinpaiian io_' 
|>olii>y of aiiv administration. Hia pn 
m tinf, wai. l)iat of an indfp-sndeut ltiI£ 
a stronfT hiax in fuiour of Cih 
"iin*^. Hf/iiiite n Kra>lual I'- 
bit flj^iirc WB* ■ familiar o»e m rr.^ •-'UC 
till very nbortly lwfon> hi« d?.ath, 4 Sf-i 
IHIW. A (luviTtinioiit ' OamttQ * uiiptitntpii 
public fun«nl, nod on 8 8t<pt. be wu buri* 
amid genenl cigns of rEspsct. 

[RtUMlco'* ni>t. of AiMtndia: B<ia«ick'« ' 

tr. :fl<k-i. IS';.- 

Pntnat, 11 July l»39.] i£. C K. Ov 

FAZAKEELET,NTCnOLAS(rf. IT*!?) 
IftwycronJ p'jliticinii.wnof Henry t'"amh''P 
ley,came of nn old Ijancoahire family whirl 
iun^ n.'^idfl at FazakerleViB towasliip nra 
Livi-quHil (It.il!fK«. LannitMn; t-d. Wbair.i 
and Harland, ii. ii*l ). His own hoiiHn wi 
at I'rrscoi, Lnnrn^hirn. On C Feb, 171-1 
WBAsdniittiil of ihii Inner Tt-mpb- from tin 
Middle Temple, but was colled to the bal 
from \ho bittt-r society {Imter Trm/ilr AJ-* 
mpu'iAn Itfffi'ftrr). At firal be pniftiwr 
chiefly in fhamht-rs an an etjuity couii«i-l, bill 
Kg hie pniclici.' fffirw bo b<*fniu to apuoar wilh| 
iucrea*infr frequenoy, not only in tlii! vquily^ 
conrt, but in thfl conns of rommnn loWj! 
ino«lly,how^«T,t"Brpm'<[ii«etton»conBB 
witbronreyanirin^anilfbotmnAferofTwali 

Krty. Occasionally his cunsumniatu kmiw- 
i/fi' of tfoiutitutiounl law loi) him to hn 
taini'd in .state trinlR. Among tbe nio^t in*] 
tereitin^I nf mich ras«K wra the trial of Iticb^ 
ard Francklin, a Meet Street books>^llfT, aa| 
•'{ I've. I7.)l, for puhlinhinu; in iho'Trafti 
man 'of 3 Jan. previously tbe fnmou* lla^ 
Uttor Mid to nave bcuu writtou bv Lartlj 
Bolinpbroke (IIoWBtt. fitatr TririU, xviiA 
Ol*U-7d). Famkerley waa n'tninwd aloD^J 
with Mr. (nflfrwarrUPirTliiinia»t Ikvill*if»r! 
tfaedefcni^e, and, in thewordaof I.ortl Man^j 
fi^iltL'stiirti-d *veiT objection and 'lh..1ll.■.^ 
every point a« if tiwt faic of thi? en 
been at alJike ' (CiKTBEl-L, Liirfnf ■ 
Juttirrg, ii, 61t). In JAminrk- 17-t'.' be wa*| 
cboveu to euocinod th« liigbi Hun. I>»ni«iJ 
Pultanev as M.f. tor iVii-m- Hif (-vinii-ii] 
bi« tn'atitiido for tlio liontmr ronferrvd anoa 
biu) by makiiiff, in thi> folhiwini; I)«<ci?iiiD«r. j 
A nifnratxlly present of "HOI. to the mavor ' 
L'n^ton 'to W applied in tome clumtablnj 
mannpr amonffAt the jioor of tbe town.' fla^ 
hinuieU'nvoDimeadedil* application to the l 
binding of poor frvem«a'» boos d be apitrcn- 



'azakerley 



ari 



■eake 



IJir ri'taiard liU h>!i1 for lifr, V'in>{ 

iliirr.i 'I st tlip l»'«(l "film pull in llw cun- 

lion of 1741 (Smith, JhiriianienO 

../, i. IJ**^>. ill Anipist 17-12 Vnui- 

i;rl«y wiis «mK>intt^l reeo^^l■r of I'R'eton, 

rliich ollk'4 li<- nlM> licM uatil his dcntU 

tliH polilic]!. liovrevtif, prfVL-til^iI lib attflin' 

tiiti Imiiioiin of Ilia [irofciuiou ; lie nerer 

uivml f^ri^u a eilk |C^>wu. 

FutkiTley f[itfp:-(l ]jiiirliaroeni m an dd- 

^Mfetit. of ili<> tory pkTtjr : ho wtu a Jacabito 

»f llic fautiuuv tm>. Ila wu listviiwl to 

with atu-ntioti, niia lir n Mvtion of bia {url}' 

cami! to be rtKordml uk n It^udur. In & dvbnti.' 

■ cm tht- ronvniitinii irtlL Spniii, ') .Miin'b 17>ttl, 

rlwreby peatf was stirurt!*! <Mt puvmenl by 

fill.' ^^lllllLL^lil cnveninif'nl ofii cninjii'Dnilion tn 

itdcnt, lif (li'rlnrod thitt if Sir ltf>- 

) |"iIb ' weiv deUTinined to carrr it 

by a nuyoritT, he «rou1<i noTf>r of^ain npprar 

iu the houM till bf peix-vivfrd a cban^i^ of 

measures' {CnjavrtjParlUimfttar^IIut. i. 

ISIb). Ut>iilMudistiiiirui»liu'.l liimtuiriu ibv 

jftbateain May l?!)!, nil Lord IliirdwirWa 

Be^ency Bill, Mpraiallv by lii» rfaoliitu op- 

poaitton \a \\w iimmitife (.-laiiNn {ih. xiv. 

1013^17). There ia a fltnry that Wnlpole 

jri'vaili-il OD Lord llardwiclto, thoa Sir 

'liilin Vorke, to quit tbi^ cliivf juittio^sliip 

for ilie chancellorship, by the dwlaratioa: 

If b%- '■iir'o'clock you do not sect<pt my offer. 

faiakerU^ by two h«'oin»'s InrJ keeper of 

great ioA, and onp of ll)« staiincbeat 

trbin in all Kn^lantl I ' ( Walpole, .UiMiuiiV^ 

tff Otrrrge I J, i. 138 n.} Another of bia 

rbos whirli al)nun<>d eanfitdcmhleattcn- 

t)'<n wan tbal dt<Uvi*ml a^Hin't tlt» Jvws* 

^Caliiralimlion Bill, 7 May 17ft3 (CoBBinT, 

liv. 1403-lS). FaKakeriey dit'd at bit huuse 

Kn nTO»»i>nor StntHt, Iji>ndi>n, in I-Wlinijiry 

[I'ffT lf>'<>ifK Map. xx'm. 110; Londim Mat. 

irtri, V2:>~i\.\il: Pr^jHtt, Aft It-MJi, P. (:.(:, 

|17(t7). Hi* u'ill wA-> proved at Iiondon on 

[ly March following ( n-^iiBlcrt'd in 1'. C. C. 

"lo, LeKurd). Tic marripd 10 Oct. 1723 Ann 

pi.atwvche, who »arviv(<d him (Mjticotn, 

Ltmdtnium liedivienmy iv. ^I4>. lie had a non 

nnd a djiuijliivr. Tlw ton died 30 Jhw' 1 ''■^~ 

[ff«»r J/uv. v.i 4/il). EliKaUfth, t b.1 daugh- 

t«r, wu marriml :.':{ I'm. 1711. ' >\-iib XGfmi. 

Jown,* (o rimnviltii, iddr-itt Hiirvivin|f M>n of 

lolin, ItntI farl OuwtT, and died 1!) May IT-IQ 

{A. »*.'>! ; f'ol.l.iso. Pft-rrj;]*.-!] ItrvORW, ii- 

A p-irlrait of Faialn-rL-r by Authony 

rti'w liiitiL's in ill" r^Bdintf-tT'Oin of 

H:-arv al I'nalon. ll» 

■ 11, left him at bi« daol-h 

itti uf u(V. with wbirb lo pftt- 

' tlnwn nt full Ic m^h with 

■ lIinoTiKirnliimof I*ft«i- 

1 1 Up tu tiiu Town Hall 



iirilm^aid hr'aiii^h at a mouioraudiiiii that 
tht- <»sTd Ciiriioril i'jn liad oqc an hoii««i nutti 
to n^pfCTUit ihem in parliament' (will of 
llobi'rt IVtultOn. n|k[i(il<?rcd m !'. t'. C. 00, 
Lynch ; Ihinsriy. Jliff. r,f Partiomfiitartf Jff 
pn-^ttlati'iN of Pif>tan, 'Jnd fdit., pp. 3) -3), 
[Vi'iIi<ol<>'s Mcmotra of iioor|te II, i. 90, 109 

I 126, l-.'7. laa.ajC; W.,l|K>iB-, L.ttHr. (Connins- 
tiam), i. 130. ir, 1; Cubbclt'n Piirliiiroeiititrv 

I nut. si. Hai.irii. 113-13. K.Vw.&^A-'ih.Wn SI, 
XV. IH6-ai, ■-': " '■ ■'■- '; nowuir»S(;,mTr'at«. 
rol, avii.; -" -i^Ti f. 4J8, tCSHI', 124. 

OSPl f. 51.^:.:. i ■ ,,j Q. U, 

KEAD, GEOROK 0"20M8l6), lieule- 
iiatit-g>'n(tnil,mlon<>]-cominandniilf'junkbat- 
talioii royal artilk-ry, cnttrcd the Itoval Sfi- 
litary Academy, Wot^hvicli, as u eudut I .Si.'pt. 
I 176)1. bocanm a llciiti?tiant-lireu-orki>r royal 
artillery 8 Junw I"'"»ti.«.fundli«menBnt 17(10, 
I first lifntonant I7tj4.raptaiifli«iit«>naRt 1771, 
I captain 1779, brevet major 1783, rrz-imi^tal 
I major 171)1'. lieuli-nnnl-rnlonpl I7!w. bn'vet 
colonel 17V>7.ru^iaii'mal colonel l7(W,iuujot- 
g«ineml 1S(J3, livutr'nunt'^eneral IfJlD, \a 
a lieutenant-fli^workor b^* wat prcdn'Ot at tbo 
fnmoiu aivgw of Luuisburg, Cap^ Broton, in 
I7o8. He waa oflwwAnls taken pria-mer at 
Newfoundland, but excbon^-d. Kctnming 
a (ooond timfi tu America haaervi>d there six 
or seven years, pari of the time at Pensanda. 
He acrved in Minorca from 1774 to 1781, 
and cotantanded thi* artUlervi^iiringthc me- 
morable defence of Fort hi. PEmip from 
Auguat 1780 toFebruarr 17dl,daringwbich 
ha loat an ty« by Uiu Ijcirating of n ahelt. 
He waa one of x\v- witnedHoe on tlie trial of 
Lioutvnant-general Uon. James Murrar, thn 
poTpranr.on chargM pfcfcrrcd by .Sir William 
Uraiwr \»\. v.] He went to Sewf.mndlnnd 
a w-cund tiniff in 1790. and in ITOi sernjd 
umier lh<' I>nke of York in Flanders. He 
went In Jamaica iu 17W and eommAndod 
the artillery thero many year^i. llv was tuadu 
lieutenant^iv./mor of'^Port Royal in 1810. 
F^-ad died at his residence, Wo'j'lwieb Com- 
i nion, 'Jn Nov. 181o, in the Ritfbtv-aixth year 
j of his a^e and lht!hfty<<>igbtboi'hLS uilirary 
I Hervieo, thirty yeara of which had bM!npa>wid 
j a)iroai). II« bad nioe sons iu the ncrvicu, 
several of wliom were kiUvd or dii-d on duty 
abroad. 

[Kmm's Lilt of Ofieen Roy. An, (r«v. cd., 
Wiwlwieh, 18(1U), Id wldcli GcDural l-Vad'enjmn 
i« apfllt ' FadA,' whilfl tlioM of hi* sooi in tbo 
rv^iiui-at HppMir na ' Fcad.' Thn I»Li»r i> the 
Army Iii*t »p*.||ini,'. S«( nl*a Minute* Boy. Art. 
lajtiiutioo. xi*. 172.] H. M. C. 

FEAKE, CHKISTUPHKU {Ji. HWU 
UltiU),)''irrK<nionarcbyman, began jmhlie life 
aaantudepcndeotniauter. llisearUerhi^toiy 



mm^ 



Feake 



■79' 



]• utiknon-Q. Edwnrdi n-jwirl" ibnt iu l(H."j 
be wu u pTMiJ^ltnr in lA>ncli''ii with'^ut v.>(tkil 
chnrr;!'. At Si. reipr'i,{.'i>niliill. .St Mnrv's 
WiMtlchutvb, «n(i plwwhiTy; ■.■> op|mriuiiity 
B<>p*(d,ba dUouuriwd'nuu'i ..I o.l<l 

thin^* in fttvuiir uf t'l<)i>>' i :> AHil 

f^bcnrd churclM*^, ami iit,-mn.-;i iniK.* ami 
t.b" "WwtmiiyiKir Assembly, In Juiuarv 
HMti In) obtniiiwl tb« iv«iiiKvtnn>d vicarut^ of 
All Saint*, llvriri-nl- Here bo dul not ob- 
M>ri *.> tb<i ordrr nf public worship pn-AchbeJ 
by ibi) (iin-ctorv (I'UJ); li.j J twirled ptolm- : 
sumiufl and tli>' >»■" of ibc I^ord's Prtycr, 
•oa i«fraitic<l from Upti^in^ iufotirA. la bi« 
prowjItiiL); hf predicli-d th'- ilnwnrall of kU 
govt^niEurnto, on the ^^und uf ib^ir vnmiiy 
to Cbrilt } ihat of Ilollnnd wan iloomitl ' for 
tob'niiug Annintaniitm.' He rn-umg to hav« 
secutvd a fullowinK wUo, wb^n ■rl-iL-tp* wtv 
«xhil)it<-<) agsiii-'>t Fnlio bvA juilice of peace ' 
■t The Hertford (i«<iui?i), invHded the court, 
crviiie> ' Wir will luaintain oiiT miniittfrwitb 
oiif mixxl.' Till' judpj dimni-tstd t!i* case, i 
uid Feake un tbi- followinjC Sundny had ' a 
great ftuditftry' to lisit-n to hia rouHt>;rbIuc 
•piinsl lilt! articlv'*. In UWJ, m Ibu »t«.iuea- , 
Uttlicni of WiUJAm Jcnkm [«» Fiscii, Kl>- I 
wiKlf, Ji, llWO-iail], TvfJi., n-o-ivrd tin- 
vicarasu of Christ Cbtirph, "Sfrvegal'.-, ntid ono 
of iheteciurcjluM at St. AnneV, Blsckfrian!. 
On lis April 1060 ho irrviu-hfil at Mercers': 
Chnpt-l.Wfofptbolordmiiv'Jr (Thomas Foote), 
ft Fifih-iDonarcliy nferui-jn, which was pub- 
lished. Soon aft<?rllil»ho ^mih-irwd or joined 
R b^ul'mt cliurcb in*-«tiii|r at ItlnclrfViar^ and 
•uli>>M)iioi)tly in W&rwidt {.ani-. Jle wrotu 
a^iiiAt the t^auk^r*. 

I''ritli<''.« pn-iu^hing becanu! mora and more 
TiruUnl IU itj> attacks oii lUo ft'ittitif; gtf 
vcrutucut. III? sp'tk"' of (Vrimwell ()A IJ«-, 
1668) as ' the moHt duiM;iabtiii|( and |K'rjiinHl 
vi llain ill tllV world.' Kir IhU Kiid tilt; lik«- 
Iftnjiuage lie was brunght hi^forc! ihi> council 
of «:at«i dl'prttrtd of bin nr^fprm>?nt, nnd 
cominitd'd to Windsor CiwrV. II>r hpiwat? 
to hivvi' biwD libL-mtod in UkW.hiit was soun 
broujjht aRain before the I'ouncil.and bavinff 
bcM>n fxninined by Croinwidl, WM wilt bock 
to Windsor. Cminwi-ll did not tend him 
tot trial, on the irroiind thut tho scuicnLV 
woiUd hare been nt-slli. lie wns nuV Irealttd 
with »i>TPrity, and in llw ntuann-T of 1'VjO wu 
And him, tbooftb still nnminalK a nriiioncr, 
lirin); in I>o«doti in Ills' own fiirtJ luxiso,' 
with a ' flouldior ' aijpointed to inwji biin. 

Thu i'li'ii of a fluowly ftpproaclt of our 
LolJ'n millennial ruigti was very widely dif- 
fW«d tmonff all cllitttw iif rDli|rionti>t « at the 
tibw of the CofflmORwmltli. Fvskc orcupiet) 
n middlo position bntTrern tbi^ ijuirt ilrt-auifrs 
Olid (h« armed faiuili<'« who are nlikt* in- 



cluded tinilMf the bnnd of ! 

in*.*!!. IILf vifilcncn wn* '-V' 

tonpie. Mti wrri 

liWrty (IN TmiDiv 

dtonppvars from Vi^«- ,\i M;- tiai': 

artivit (Itti'nll li« had a vrittt and eii^ltl 

dnm. 

■|*hi- follciwinft I*"* of l'*«nk"'« ptiblicxtion 

b T-..'^.t.i.-. 1 : 1. .Th.-ii ■ -t 

••t ' i-V), 4l'> f 

A>. - ;;. .1. ^ jbovi- : " ' 

to thi» lord mayjr}. 'J. '\: 
Kpistlo,' prwlixfd lo • Tli<- 
Ikiotii,' 4c. 1051, 8io, hy Mair Cbtt,! 
M-ards Ibtiido, a iuill«iuirian. A. ' Aovi 
ini?at to (ho KcadiV,' ei|;n?il lir Ftuh 
oth*T«, pr«.fixr<l t<i ' A Kiiitbrui Kb 
kc.lfm, Uo; l>nd Mil. Ui5r>, ila (a 
Hicniiut (be Vo7k«bir» i]*i»k"r« \ty Jc 
PotoPfiy, .Intutpli K -^i-nl 

4. 'The New No. . 1. 41 

fwriltrn from bin • -.vitlcli-.n^. t' m W imU 
Castle). C. 'Tho 0|,j.r...«vl CI-w PKbooi 
in Witidmr Castlo,' &c. VI^m, 4to. B. Ac 
drwR '10 lln- Rt-adcr" prftixt-d to' Mr. Til 
lin^haat's Eight la*t ^-ruimf.'S:c. HJ&O, 8<i 
(this aim is writlon from hi^ ' wtilchtowr;! 

heuK>nlionii Ihat it wilm hii^ -•■' ' .„...-;...,, 

mont. Juhn TillinghaKt, wl. 
ItSiVi, wiLsmtnifili-r IK acon;;r<' 
al Trunch, Norfolk, and n I 
man). 7. Addrt-as 'to lli n' 

rhwn*h i^oTorniiii>ut , pr^iGxcd I o • i'he I'roph* 
Malachy and l^iiah propliiKT-iiii; to tl 
•Saints,' &c. Itloll, 4to (mcittioos hin ' liii 
hoiww'aiid the • woiJdicr '). 8. 'Tb' Tini4 
of the Kud," &c. I6u7, l^mo, by John Caiinj 
k. T.], pri'faci' lir Kcake. 0.''A Btani 
Li|j[lil,' Kc. ltV'>9' -Ito 4thq ]<uioplilot di 
with rectnt pohtii'^il historv*. 

JvaIei- id ui'.'ni iimi-d in'Tht>Dfi'1i)ratIon< 
Prophi?! i(d( l'ro|«M«I*, i.mcbi!i[; .Mr. FiiakJ 
Ac. 1063 li.c. February U\M\ -Ilo, bt At 
K^-nnm. A kindn-d but more (ll=tnict»"l apint 
A inwt t'ntillcd 'Pmh T<;mp«imf 
More* ! ' I(t64, 4to. by ' J. N.. <i Mochi 
n'fijratoAiiublieftiioncalh'd'Mr.nirisl 
Prnkes hxbrirtatuiii^,' and iui'ii'ioik 
altboiUtb Frako ' dcnde^ nKntm iru-iiK 
' makes new Hmtff.' A pnl'Ii 
■ A Wonl for Alli or tli-- i;. 
^niK'U, hold forlh by Mr. I'^ii to a Cai 
TPDtictu of l'nHa(ii|UMi at HolUui,' &c. 1( 
4to, IB a lani)io<m iiihhi I'Vitlie. 

rGdwarJs'i n«n;!rwna, llitC, nl. iii. ; Wonllj 
AllunB Oaon. mm, ii. 4l'i; f.'itlaii.;'s Akvhihi. 
1713. p. 10. Bf.->V« Uvr- -^f ''" PuriiansJ 
1(JI». iit.3««-.i ; ^^1 -Churolic 

ItiU. it. 13;); Bti'V O-ingn'j*- 

lionaliiim ill Norfolk nm: .xiriou, iintpiUS*) 
worka cilwl nlwin.) A. O. 



I 



IBABOHArR Ai- FEROHARDlTfl I 

tPBSf-CSU?), Ilio fii"cy-wc--.u(] kint; of .Scof- 
tiah DnlriaOa, Hi-conlin;; t'l tltt- ticriiii^uflrhm- 
DologTor Iktfixiind UiirtiiuiiLD, but tlienintfa 
MXordiiigt'^i the T«CtitieJli»t of Father InncA, 
reckoning from Kit^u» tlm tton <if l'*arc, u 
■uppcM^il liv Jlurhaaftti to huTe been a tioa of 
Eugfniiis 1%iM.-hii<lhBuiillw<(th<.- Yi*lluw),wliii 
rcis;nM l>«<twimn {!»na(lh (Kf]iii*-tli) Kerr 
viil Ibi* mitrv faiuoii-H I>onaM IV |Bmc) 
[a, v.], HiiDllier son "f Ewbiidh Buidhi'. 
HKonc, fvho i-r>n)rirt<ip-d in h iiolt- to ihi< 
•Chmnirlpe of iJia I*irta uid Scfiiii' that Ik- 
mil? hax"* Ty-ignoH with or followi^ [lunnld 
Itrrflc (prcfao* c\ii >, omilA liim frum thi> line 
uf D&lruu] kinffB in his ' Iliatorj of Celtic 
Scotland." Tbc csUlence of another Fwir- 
chair 11, called l-'ada (the Long)|^ij.T l.tnakp* 
it tuil unpofuiblo ihat thp chronicliTS iiui^'.' 
twokiiunuiiluf ouv. JDuvlianan's biotrniiibv 
of Fcarcluiir 1 and II is q^uitc iniaipnarr, nnd 
ws know nothinif vt thi« kiii); t'xi.-.-|>i that 
hi« nanui appMan in t)ie lit>t of kiuf^ in th<^ 
reifiatfTof ilip wi'a-yfirSi, .Vndrcwa (Ixxcs, 
anp. 5) aid oUkt idd liKta (u> i1i»iini^l fritin 
tcuvh&ir l-'adA. Tn wci-nl of these he ie 
OkUed the son of Kroin. 

riBBM'i Criticitl bjauy: Cbroiiiclc* ••{ Pirt* 
«ndS<nu: NXmid'* CvUic Swtbind.] X. M. 

FEARCHAIR FADA (lb« lA,ng) or 
FERCHARDUS 11 id. (»7) was tli« flfty- 
fourtb kinu of .St-otlinh l>Hlriiul«, accorrlinK 
to rb>.- ftfflitioa^ ohnincdfiiiy of TVwTe and 
Ilaohaimn, but tbti twelfth reckoniiiK from 
rrrjrH* th«- son of Enrc, acoordinff to tlif 
ivctUlud list <>r I'uthi'r Innea. Buchknanhas 
pivrii a dork but iioa^iiiaiy poUrait of ibia 
mug, trhota bt* nfitnauDlA as ^'iri>ii up w 
rrvrir rifMiClosiagtiia account witbd^Krlarin); 
lliat' ■ Si-otlftttd groKBeA under thi* monatttr 
fijtbltvn yi-an".' 

Wft ranilj know vptj- Utile of hiin.thonfth 
thvre aeeau no dmibt hv vrau an kiGtunL-al 
rbanctvr. Mr. Skfrn-V conji^lural nvoa- 
Mrut'lion of ihia jitHihI is tbnL th4i kiiiKdom 
of rialnaila fell into ankrchv nftiT thii death 
of Donald ItrvMu*. di^, and wim oiihinct to 
ibi^ ltn(on«, whit killed that king nt Stnilh- 
eanviTi, Wcdi l^thian.biic that both RrilonN 
and Scuirtin-ro under Mubjfi;! ion tolht^North- 
lUBbrirtn AiisIm. i\v fiirtlirr 0nD]>ui^-a iJiat 
ilitritiii; ihia uuua'lt.v I'Varcbntr J'Hua,ihi< Lm*) 
itt \\w c\nu Itiiolnti, fMirt of the larger trihi' 
nf Citu'l Koi-.ha;:!), a HHlKlivif>!nn of tlie Cine) 
Iji>rR,t»)kthi<lr«il in th«att<>iiif>l lot brow off 
tht T'>h>' nf the Rritonfi and Anf;1i<e. Hi>wM 
nt t' i-il in tJ7^* by ih.* JlrilonB.hnt 

lii< ' vera) ot\m bntiVfi, otKnirlianfl 

i;luu'i of Jura.ianot tncntiom'd in Ihe 
ity (<fitni>« of iho' Irmh chriinich-A, pro- 

XTllI. 




biibly ttts'ttuiv indi-ciMTc. In 6K3, ioooojutic- 
lion nith Ur«d(rt, or Itnidr, win of Bilv, lliu 
I'iol i«h kiii)^ of Forlreun, he look purt in Iba 
»i>:tp:- of Uuuu'l J.clu- fort in thu mu^of rrinuni 
wfciich had l»*eii tin- ".-hi^-f kI rvnjjt h of ttn> I)»l- 
riada, and in iho n^roven- of [limdnm, a fort 
un the ua^l of lAX'h Kiim, thn clitxiifhold of 
tberoonof Fortrpnn. E^riii,the kinp of thn 
Northtimbriaa Aii^hw, roneed br tlii.>cv eiir- 
ci-Mitt of thf (inil'-il Picta and SoOta, which 
tlroTe liark th<! vVnirlian advance inS(K)ttand, 
invHditl llio I'iciijih turririry, and wiw aluin 
at Npchtan.HmiTi- in tW», ut. a n>siilr of whieb 
Itiednatatefi: 'Th^J'icts recoverwl their ttrri- 
tory, and the ScttA in Britain and a certain 
part of ibf Uritoiiit rwroivcd th'-ir lilH-riy.' 

Tib.' death of Fearehflir Foda is re<ordia<l 
hv thr ' .'Vunale of I'leU-r' in fitt*, and fnini 
the mention in thcumeaunnl'iof ihi>i'iol«;nt 
iloalh of dwcendanls of Douuld Brcnc, about 
thhaatnc[)t-riod,Skpn**ronitTlun-« tlinr lhi>r» 
was aokinp oft iiB whole of SoottLshDalriadn. 
but rivnl chipf> of the tribi' or clun of I.om 
and (labrtm, to the former of nhinh tribo 
Fearchstr, and to I be latter J>onald Ilreao 
«od bi» Hiiw'cndantH, ri:'pr>--'4>'ntin|; tho dirwt 
line of FergUfl the aou of t'arc, belonged. 

iCbroaicl««i of the ncta and Soota; Skana'a 
tie ScotIaBd.1 JE. N. 

FEAROAL (A 785). [See Piawn,] 

FEARX. HENRY NOEU rf9»CHBiar- 

KiS, Hkshv, 1S1I-I8W.] 

FEARN, JOTTN n7(»-1887), philoao. 

pher, wrred for some veare in the royal nary, 
ri-lir.>d, and dovot^l liim*«>lf for thi* re»l of 
hill lifn to pbiloAopliicfll intjuiriix. but without 
moch BiicceM or n^otpiition. Lie api'^tirs lu 
bavo bc«n eqiiolly oppoted to th« bngliab 
and the .Scottish achoola, but was no tran- 
scendent at i<<t, And profeMsed to base bin pliilo- 
»opbv oil induction. In ■ seritie of works, 
of which n list is Bp{mideil, be diacuMUHl moat 
of thu mon.> important qu<»tioiia of tnetaphy- 
iio, but without nhowlnir any rlwar appn^ 
henalou of tht> points in fUHputf. He woji n 
frirtnd of Dr. I*urr and of lki*il Montafni. Ha 
died in Sloone Sttw i . (iK-lflea, on H IXr. 1 S37. 
Hi« work* an^ tlu- following: 1. 'An Essay 
on t'onflpioiiHUftfts, or a Scri** of EvidcnocA 
of • Dirtinct Mind,' London, IHIO, "Jnd t««iit. 
18l^.4to. 2. ' .\ llerifW of Fir*i rrin-'ipK-a 
of DUhop Berkeley, Ur. lUiil, and IVifeaenr 
St«Wrtrt, with an indii^ation of other ]irinc'i> 
pin,' London. I8I3, 4lo (also printed in the 
• Pamphlet*-*. r,' No. vi.) 3. * An Ktmiroa Im- 
mortality,' London, 1814, 8va 4, 'A !►«?• 
mono t ml. ion of tItA PrincipW of Primary 
' Vision, with the confle<)ucDt statu of lliih)- 



Feame 



*r4 



•eame 



kopllTin OrttL Kritaiii,' ly«i(].Mi, |mI5, 4lo. 
A. * A. Pemonst ration nf Neceaiury CoHitfy^ 
tioii,' Ixmdnn, 1816, 4tn. fl. *A*I>'fl^r In 
Prufniwar Rtflwart on thf Olgf rta of *;en<?r»l 
TtTinii, lui'I on thu Axiotnitiml Lan-H of Vi- 
8Joti,"Iyondon,lsl7,4to. ".*l''irilljnt-«nfllic 
Kumiin Mind," London. ISW, yvo. 8. ' Anti- 
Tfv>k.'; or An AnAlynU of the Principl<*'im(t 
Siniriure of Lanffuitfio •'Si'raiilJficd in tli« 
F.nKli.h Tongii*; London, I*-':?!. f*vo. 9. ' A 
Mnnual nflhn Phy'iologr ot Mind, comp**- 
lii'mlinp the Ftnf I'riiicipfi'tfofPhTistCBlTueo- 
lojTT, with which nrr? luid out fho crucial 
objwtion* Hi the Iti-idt-iin Tht-ory. To which 
is siiffixorl & {tapi^r on I he Logic' of Kr^Utinn 
o.'iiji'Jfn.-i] itf aniacbiderurllAtioeinntivnSf'i- , 
enw,' Ijomion, iH29, Pro. 10. 'A Hstifimiln 
of tin? L«W8 of CiTi'liml Vision, CJimprifiin^ 
(he Ijtviti of f^nglr ami of Erect Virion, de- 
duced u|K>n thp IVinnpli" of Piojurien." T.on- j 
d<.n,lKW.8vo. U. 'Tlif HnmaMSeiminimi | 
inTf.«ligfttt^d M to figtirc,' London, ItiS'J, f vo. 
I:?. ' A^ Appeal to Philosoph'.-IM hv nninv oa 
thr DcRionflTntion of Vision on thf Itrsin, 
uict ogninxtthcattBckof Sir David BrcwKt«T 
on Ihe Itatiioiule ofCsrebml Vijiion,* Lonilon, . 
ISSr, 8to. 

lUvnt Mag.. 1838, ft. \. p. 210: Brit. Mus. 
Cmi.] J. 31. n. 

FEARN^rHARLES (1742-1794), k-fiol 
wriler, bom in London in 174J, va» Ihe iddv«t 
tk>nofC9iitrlcA l-Varncdrputysccretaryof the ' 
admindtyandjudgeadvofatf, who presided m 
I hti t rini of Admiral Byng. lie vru educniud 
H.I W<^>«tiHi«flt'?r ScliQol.oii Iwving whivti he 
vntfTw! the Innt'r Tpmplc, lltoiigh *M'iiientIy ' 
without liny tlxod rvAululion tin lo hi' fuluro i 
ciiwr. In I'lW his father divd {Gent. May. 
xxxTiii. 143), U-A\'ing a oniall fortune to ha 
divi<]<il o((MAlly anionu hiiu. liii> vouii|^r 
brother, nnd hie si&tcr. It isri'luti-cloi'F.'!iirn>i 
that h<fr«fuitedtotu.kv hi« i^faarv.on I lif- ground 
that ho had alTcady n?ci-ivetl »omi' hundmd 
poiindtt to start him in UU profiw^ion, nnd 
luid had »n Mliicfttion BuprHor to that of his 
younger brother. Hl> scrmn to havp had a 
wry remarVablo inv«»tiri? faculty, which for 
Bomctimo prcvfjitod him ftnm scttlinp down ' 
Bcriously tofhepractiwiof the law, In urdfi j 
lo carry out one of hie ideas, hftTinf; dia- 1 
ouvvrod a now procen of dvuing mumcco ! 
Icathflr, he Mtld oifi bnoka, and alonff with n . 
nutnerbinKlviiU and tun-pitA near Fulhan ; | 
l)nl hi> b(<cnni(t alannvd nL tbr rxpuREo, and 
nhandoncd Iho pnywt aft/r Inslnj^ nlviut half 
bi^ little rorlitn». nuriiiglhp rest of his life 
hr- .^pcni mui^h nf Win loiniin^ in Auch puniiilo. 
His t-ditor, Butler, tvlatw that a friend of his 
hiivin^ <^immunirAti><I to an eminent RUn- ^ 
Biaith a project of a muahet orffrenltir power , 



and iniirh 1- - thii: in i.w 

thp ^n.Hmii : -ii! (h him 

nnd o)w«>r\'ed Hint 'a Mr. F-anif, iini 
law-rosn, in Iln>'jime'fl HuiMin^. Ol 
Ijnne, had invented a mualfet which, nlf 1 
dcfr^Tiitv, wim much DPureTt.-iihcaitainmii 
of (h«ohje4,'I*(^<"m(wMc«'we», i. Ilfi). Bull 
moreover hp<^ak« of I'rarm- m n mnii 'if gr 
clvwical and maMi ts~ 

tnenti-^ns li tmli' it 

anotheronihp'lttirv'dioini. i fii iliiii 
neithi.-r of nhtch appear? to ha^t* 1kh<| 
Uahwl. ThMfl were what iWrai- 
called hit; diEaitintiims. CoupantiT»| 
aflwr d'-niting liii"-""' '■■ ■"■-■-—' 
h<-' aojuirwl a co!: 
The piiblicxlion in . 
troversy ov«r tbv mlr 
nt its hcigiit, of hia ' I. 
of Continent Tlnniaindcr« and Kxpcutd 
IVv'iM-d' plnc-cd Liui in the flr^l rank of ivi 
proptTty lawyers. This work, which wd 
{{nvtiy cnlaTjR'd in «ubftiijuuiil vditiuof^. hn 
ntmainvd totlun day tlu*. claMical work nn it 
aubjoct, and is incIudMl in thti Ann lisi 
quaxi-aiilhorilaliTii bookitof lh» law. |l h: 
betin.Baidthat •nnworkpprhap'innairrbrlUK 
of Bcience affords a more V'. 
of analyrti.*" (Birrr.ER, prt'f. ^ 
aitd Lord CamplKll goes to i.n :m 
that Fcami? was 'a man nf u% nc\ilf umli^l 
Ktandin^axPaacal or Sir Isaac Nt'wtoa'ifAiig 
Jutfi'fi, ii. 434). If this be somen'hat. 
agfrt'Tslod, at any rale the «M-ay la 
giiitklind among legal Irealisea lor it«clc 
Aualitinod rcofioninp. FnuLrni? wn-^ i-.m on 
wtlh *tirh a. tn>-cbnnirnl pi*- hi 

rsAeasnd dicta of x-aryinj; n 
imperfectlydotiofiirrpal pnipt-rtyaiVw y:nt 
latiT hv(.?riiiM'; hn lliom<i|;rhlv ii.<o>iinilni»J 
thi^ cninhwl Icnmiiig of bii' subject, u*,ii li' 
i II dependent judgment, and pitv 'o hi* 
a logical coiDplet«nr!« and ■■ rj 

in legal litt'rature. Of itstnl 
oni' maysay thai thostHdi-at tmiy mun;! 
ORiit thi! n.-adinif of C'okf upon LittlH 
of Ft-ame on ' Oontiriirent Ri'mainil&M:*' 
should be said, boH->'r<-r, ibal in tltc optotn^ 
of some lawj-era the DH-Tlla of the essay bat 
lw<>n gr*nllv ori'rrated I'mHi tho critici^uu il 
Law Miu/. irxi- S.'iC.) 

Hsfiiig risen en bjgb in bis prifuttiioa iIh 
ho i« «iid to hare Itnen • mom roiisuUivl thi 
any man ofhifilimo' (scol CL and Fin. HBffi) 
Feanie's cnerpy gradnjii'v ri!ni;i "1. L)| * 
int'T'-'t-^ and a love of 
ho remained out of town 
[n^riotU, K-avinji dirwii' i I. ' 

to know wh»-ro he wn«, - 
hcwml'l hontown.'tilloi.i 1. 
dM|il>i-d away. Ifi: hwl U.'Mi 



■earne 



=75 



Featherston 



[iavorae, but liv UvmI no AXtnvu^uiUy ilini 
in the eiicl Ut bid U* ftecept fuiHiatiiiirt) fr>>m 
liU friuwlfi. Hi! took tin bia buHiuoaa once 
luoru; hut tlw foil in hui fortunnH and tliK 
]oas»f bia indntendence hiulcraahed him both 
! in oiinJ Mnd body, and aftn- a liaucrinK ilU 
Ti«f^ ht> dii-d at ClipInififoKl on 2A F«b. 1704 
iOrut. Mtig. IxiT. lyi), 

The following «!¥■ reArm*'* wftrlts : 1. 'A 
tiUtiincnt Wt^TBphic&t Chart (if LiUKltKl 
IV^rty in EnRlaiul. from iha time of the 
f^Kxnns to tbi* iin?.*em rrrn, ill'pUyin^, ot onu 
Tifiw-, th<' T'^mii**, Mode of Ueiceul, nnd 
Powf^r of .Ui'^Dalion of I^nds in England nt 
nil tiiO'« dnnii); \\i» rtmv iwH^kI,' I7(W, ro- 
[priiitfd irui. :!. 'An liupftrlial Annr«r t» 
ihv Uoclrin'" dclivuri'd in u Lvticr wluch sp- 
pearedintht'" Public Adv.-r1i*tT''rtn ID IKt. 
ITtW und>.>r tbo sisiuLture "JmuuB,"' 1770 i 
K WutK not in llriti»li Minwiim). 3. 'An 
ICsMT on th^ Learning of Oonlingent Ttiv , 
[jnaindpn and ExemlorT Devis^a.' first edit., 
'1772; ,ii3Coni!,1773; t.binl.ir7fi; fourth (pert 
r^latinf! to 'Continent ifemaiDdt-m,' contain- 
ing npiiiioQg on will in Pcrrin c Ulalfe), 
I7HI; fifth (with not<w by Pow«U). 1705 

!CKxw'utrinp-L»i!vi»<»A"),aud l«IJl('0!)»tiiipenl 
J{«n)«iuili'nt'); sixih. fti'fvi-nlh, nf^itb, and 
«int b ( with not^»bv But b-r), 1 KHt, 1 S2<), IHiM, 
3ii3I ; tenib (tho Ktandarl pdition.ediced by 
J. W. Smitb; t\if tii.-cond vohitn-- consiatsof 
*An Oriffinul Viowof Kiwutorylnl-^rrstAOn 
Itcai ana I'erwnnl IVopcrty," by 'be editor), 
two rolnmf^, U**l. 4. 'Ci^i''!! of OpiiiioiiB 
<in the Will which was the subject of tue cose 
of Pivrin r. Itliiko before ihe Court of Kine's 
Hench in 170^,' 17dO,and aUo in fourth t>ut- 
tion of 'Gatay.* 1791. In the tirst edition 
th4> ' Kway on Continent TbtmuadBri' 
['■-•ante had quoted an opinion of Lord Mon*- 
U'ld, writtoR when eobcitor-gpn'jral, on the 
Mil in P(.'mn r. Ulaku. L'>itl Munefivlddls- 
ftvow.xl Iht" opinion; Fcttm*' n-nlii-d by pnb- 
1t#bing it Tirbatim.lnvi^'lhorwilbtbt^opinioiis 
ofoihi'*'-.ininfn[cfmii«-! rnkcn.ttk^iil Ihojwm*- 
date, and iiiicr'>-L'de-i in i'.'t.»Iili!*bing ita an- 
Iw-nlirity while ironirwHy ;>i'iMj*rin(( to nc- 
hiirH-biU"' that h'l anil Mr, Rfcith, from whom 
' nd U'en rnniakt^D (»ee Camp- 
/<w/. ii, -l.tf), 5. 'The Pos- 
t ( 1, -',.^ KniHH', Eequiro, 
' iti;rof A Roadin^on 

. '. '.i..- . -, ArjriiHieuIit in the 

■ (if (leiiprnl Klnntvix, iiud n Cid- 
7a*eK and <>pininni>. Sckvtrd from 
r*!" MiiriimTipio bvTli(inMi«Miteh«n 
'Ortiy's Inn, K*(Hir*',' I7H7. 

[Baropran .Mai; Auput, Snpt^mher, and <V- 
l«ber 17U«; Uw Ma«. i. Il6i Butl«r'a It«int- 
niMUMUM, I. IIB; Batler'a nnfiKa to 7lh «diLuf 
r.J O.P.AI. 





FEARY, JtlHN ( rf. 1770-1788), Und- 
kf^w^painler, obtxiueii a iiniiniitni frMta the 
SociL'ly of Ane in 1786 »r a drawing from 
tbH i)iik« of Kichmonit'sgalldry (furartUts 
ander twenty-one ),and in 1 776wnj< awnrdeda 
biriFoeilver pallet for a landscape, lie first np- 
]v>anaftan i>xIiibitor with tb^VrceSociotyaf 
Artists in 1770,»Hiding'A VicwfranMaim 
I". Man] Hill inOrw-awichParh.'and'AViow 
of a Srorm bn^iking from tbo Surrey side of 
Wentminster llndge;' in 1771 bo mdI to 
the earner cKhibiiion 'A View taken from 
Ilieb^nti- Hill.' In 1772 lie appears ae ui 
exhibitor nt the Koyal Academy wilh 'A 
\'iuw of Clapban Common, token Iron tha 
North Side,' and he waa a frequmt contri- 
butor up to 1 7^. in which year he exhibited 
"A Vii'w iif (.'ust.lf. Iftll, IViTjnJthirv,' after 
which he diaapjiear!). Feary, who was of do- 
formed Btatuns IS sial«d to nave been n pupil 
of Riobard Wilson, R.A. [n. r. land his Und- 
acapes were \er^ neatly nniahed. He waa 
cmployod to namt Tiews of th(> parks and 
manaiona of tbe nobility and geatey^wtas of 
which hava been oogravML 

[RfldjTSTa's IMet. of Artiita : GraTtt's Diet. 

or.\rtwts. I760>1880: Cataloguoa of tbo Royal 
Aewli'iny nnd thuFrF«S<K!inlyof Arti«t»;Snitth'a 
Nollokvtut lUkl hi» TiniM, i. 341; nuiaaacnpt 
DotMbjr Mr. Awlerdoo in Bojral Academy Cat«- 
logno, print room, Britiah HuMam.) i.. C. 

FEATHFJISTON, ISAAC KARl. 
(I8I3-lJirti),Xt!W Zealand i«tate«m*n, fourth 
son of Ttionuut FKatbenton of Rlackdi'on, 
Weardale, and Col field Hniiae, Durham, waa 
bom 2V March mi^, and I'lliieated at a pri- 
vate wh'W in Tamworth. .Af(.>r fpvnuing; 
Hitme titn>' abroad, he enltirml a« aatudnntat 
the Edinbiir](b I. nivvriilr, studied medicinOi 
and {^iiatwl M.D. in l^'M. In 1839 he 
mamol.nnd the next year ill-health led bim 
to migrate to New Zealand. Uo settled at 
Wellinjjton, and aoon becwne couapteuoua by 
adx'ocatinir the cause of the wtllen who had 
purcbafied land under thu Naw Zoalaod Com- 
]i«ny. In 1HQ2, when llieir claims were ad* 
initted, his serviiwe wen reoofpised by the 
presentation of an addreaa and a piMS of 
]>lAt«. The governor. Sir Q«or^ Orejr, op- 
poaiog a scheme of conntifulinn oflend bv 
Lord Grey, on th'' gruuud of protmblo dt^ 
ctilty with the Mnoris, the Settlers' Ckmati* 
itiliotinl .Ynitijetution, in which FeatheiMoa 
wa" pmminfut, wae formed in 1SI9 Xn pro* 
molf llix iDi4iiure. An act for this purpoan 
wa» tinally pnsMd in t8fi3 by the imperial 
uarliattti-iit, and in IK53 thu New Zeabiod 
Conntitutinn Art rame into fom>. FeatliAr- 
Mon was elected siiprrintondent oftlw ftfy- 
vincti of WcUiDgtiMi. wluoli office he ivtaiiud 

t3 



Featley 



»7< 



Featley 



byconktuit rei^leclinnunlil hiflappnintment 
UMpsnt-ffeneralili 1^71. t'nderUie nnwact 
be WW) aUo (•li^Lled to tlifr p-n^rftl A-SHi^mhl^r 
fit a t^im^&taiblivo, at llnl for AN'&n^anui, 
unci aft^rwardo for tlip cUv of Wflliugton. 
lu tbu ei-mtrul &M<-mbI}' lie Ir-ciieuo knovrn u 
otui of thtt miMt iletHnnuieJ 6Up|>or(«^r» itf pn»- 
vincialuon.' His dwin to n.iftiii tlii- ')trio>; of 
eii|K)ritit<ii(U<DlortlivprovinC''<if WVUinj^loD 
ti-(!lnmtoryJActoffice,ftXr:^pt(lumjr&[ianiCti' 
lar crisis. FeatbenloD wac si ivuhIt opjKwwl 
to tli« ilisnoKnl of tln^ l.ribiil fontiH of tenure 
among the Manrie, andht^Idlhut thDotii'mpt 
to di^pnuWM II Irilw? "f it« jiriijiTly wm id 
dtni^ct deflanre of th« trautv of NVaitnnfi 
<1B4^). IIedeBouncwl(ll^<)0)tliewiirw)iic>i 
ituued u 'unjust end iintioly,' und gxini^ 
the rejwrdof tWnRtiTes, In 18^1 hem-araed 
the goT^mor of tlii: f^n-ing diittriifft among 
tho aativv tribe*, nnd liiit teaiirjrHry accep- 
tAtiee of oflic* in July 1H«1 m&rked' the ac- 
oouioa topoiycr of ihv ^oAn parly- Ou ibc 
ronawnl ol Ihc war in 18&'t hm iollui^nre di.- 
•ddpi] the Maorisijf the jirovinceof Welling- 
ton not tw join ihi- insam.'Ction, and in IflftB 
hn induced a native cnntingr^t to follow 
Oonerol Chute in bis celebrated morcli to 
Taraoaki. 

FoAtbenton assisted in eetabliehinf; and 
derelopiniT thi-liiiE«of 8tMmooTnmiLni<<jition 
bettrceu AuMlrulIa aud New Zoaland. Id 
l8flg he WM KUl OS rcproamtativc of the 
cnlocy to Auittndia to uiga tlw Doeusiiy of 
nitnining troops in New Zealand, and for 
the tuiiap uurpOM waA nominated ajt otie of 
two Kjint.'ial commiMionfra lo I'lngland in the 
follo«-inp year. In \Kl h« hecamo agent- 
f!<>n?nil for Ni-w /«nlaud, and held th« office 
till his death, 10 June 1876^ 

[Giibome'a "Sox iCdtland Balers and Sutc«- 
mtm; Hii*Ibi'« Hist, of Kaw ZmUnd ; Now 
Zc«Iand Times/) E. C. K. 0. 

FEATLEY or PAIROLOUOH, DANIEL 

(1582-1W5), conlroA-eraialiMjbomatCharl- 
|iin-H)K>D-tHmoor, ( txfordshirt*, on I-> March 
ir>82, was the second tinnof John Faircloiijifh, 
coolc to Lniirpnce Tluniubn-y, president of 
Magdnli-n rolli^pf, Oxfora. and oh^rwanU to 
Con>UB CliT] sli (JollJ'jrp in Iho etmc university, 
bv nio wifp Marion Thrift. He wiw lli« lirat 
of his family lo ndopt the vulgariaed spelling 
of the mimnme. He wii* f-iliiraU-d at a chnrix* 
tar of Mapdul'/n Collogp, He was Admitted 
scholarof (:oT.Li«Clmp.tiC"ll'?fic nPec. 15<M. 
and probationer fi-lldw 20 Si-pT. IiKiS, hiiving 
taken hi»B,A.dcifTw 13 Feb. U'lOl. lie pro- 
eeedpdM.A. 17 April IfiOS.andbeoamf not*d 
uadiEpntgnt andpieacber. In ISO? he delj- 
T^nyl an onttinn at the funeral of John 
Raiaotds, presidtiDt of Corpua, hjj« godfather 



and benefactor. In 161" 
inp yean* he was in »■■ 
upon 8ir Tlioraaa Kdrnmi 
lish ambassador 111 Pari- 
bijfcarleM II' : tl.i llum.jii 

doeinni.'«atid : ii)i:.''wiihtbej 

Tweuly-oue ol 1 1,'- ~'-::niin9 preiiclied by 
in tile am biut sudor'-! chii])id uro prinl'xl in hi 
'Clavi" .Mv"tica: « Keyn[»'ninmliri-r» 
ciilt and inyi>teriou» 'iV\'n of Hiil 
turu; hatidledin§eTeutr.^TUiiiii^ pfucl 
wolemn and nin*l celrhnmiH Ajk^i'mblit* 
spivliill occn^ionx in ICn^laii>I oiid Fi 
fol., I/mdon, Itt-lri, Kent li-y ctninencrrtl B 
8 July IfilS, and WH- t}..- nr..^>.li. r ni di.- : 
of tlial vear. In ' i 

(No. 37 'in the ■ ( i, i 

hituself obligol lo r^buko liie dr<~>waini>« 
his hoaircrs. He A^cms to have givn olTmi 
by hie plain speaking, cvoii in vonnri'rntui: 
AcnaonH. Featley wiia domestic chapUiu t 
Abbot, archbifihop of Canterbury. Hy 
din-rti'in of ihr iirehliiMbop.vrho wM«dniiroi 
that Marc Ant bony de Domiiiia [4. v,],»rr' 
bishop ot ^Ipalutni, iiliould W- ifrnlifii-d «it 
thp hearing of a complete divinitv nrt,Feiitle' 
in 1617 kept hie exercise for tbt' liecw? of '*■ ' 
under John Prideanx, the nfrius professo' 
The pro&saor was ao pressed as to lose 
temper, and Abbot hM lome dillii^ur 
eiTec'iiug a roooneilJatim. IV Do 
being aoonaflerappointedtmuiler oft be 
gave Featley a brotb'T'iipliiiv; in that h 
In 1010 be bnii pri-iii-h'-d the feliesi 
mon at Oxford, and by the llLihop of I^ndijo' 
appoinlnii.'nt be di^eliBrptd tli-- Kitmv doty 
St. Paul'itCmv in Ittl8. 

At the inviution of an old pupil, Ewiki 
Ar»eot, Featl'r'viw«'til>"dthei¥!rlonrofNi 
ifil), ComwAfl, which he soon vaealed 
hii) inslitution h\ Abbot to th* rr-etury 
Lambeth. 6 Feb, 'lfilfi-13. On i!7 Jtini< 16 
a famous cflifervno-' was held at the boi 
of Sir Humpiirey Lj-nde between Fcalley in 
Fmnrln While, ihu 'lean of ('itrlisle, t 
jefuits Jnhn Fisher ( I'terey ) and John 
of which an account was eunvpli' 
printed the Mm.' year, with the tit' 
Fisbor calchi'd in his owno Nel.' Th 
F'-iuIey, by Abbot's {■nmniand, pi 
eliiborate report nf that and ' 
TDi-sie*. published m ' The nnmidh Ffc»' 
caught nud held in hlii owno N 1 : "t. ,iTi 
Relation of the ProlesUnt 
I'oiiidb lliffi-reooe. A Ji!--! 1' l! 

on'-, and Refulalion of the oiiier, ete. (Ad 
Appendix lo (lie Fiiiber'» Net, eie. — A iWa 
UfcUlion of that which pa^v'il in 1 <*on(.i 
enoe . . . lourbing TniM«Htr.t,nitiiitio« — i 
Oonfereni-e bv writing betwe-m- D. FeaiU 
. . . and M. Swwt . . . toui-biug tbi- grou 



Featley 



377 



Featley 



. . of Futti/ 4to, lioDilim, 1024. Siicb wu 
bb fiime u li clit>nulanl that the kin^ himiwlf 
wiL* i^-ruciouhty jilt-a-ifd t« t-iupwe with lilni 

in„ . ..,1 i„ I •itduii.'itf wliicntoatlnYaftor- 

■vr: 'j'-ii A full ntltil.Luri, Mi wtiicli hr 

fiiv lii of •CypniMi Can tin: or learned 
WtKiOiw nnJ . . . iiiutiB Tlir«ti'jn»f<)r3li** 
deMn in Divinii ii'', it<-Ii vi'n'<l by . . . K iiii; Jluips 
■t While Uall. a fnw wiwkrs before his 
d«at)i,'4to, l^mdon, 1(52(1. .Somo tinur Iwfofv 
ItkfA Abbot, urgnl.il ii* Knid,)tv ' thi^diMV)n- 
t«ni" of iLt* court and city Iwcjiiiw kiH clutp- 
Uiii TTOA kept still btibindo tkf hanf^in^' 
{J-'i^ilitei UaAivyrmffur, M. ii.), gAve him the 
TMlonr of Allnallow^, Urs'ed Stn-ot, which 
Fwtji^v wu aAvrwarde alluwvd to vncliftilgt^ 
for t ho rectory of .Vrtoij, ,M iddlfsi'-X, to which 
hv WU0 iiutituttMl iiO Jut. IQ2Q-7 [ib. i. 571J. 
In lt>^{0 bi- ik|)]>"iin> nit provoKt nf (^heUen 
ColU-p' (FiiLiiXKB. Cli^&M. ii. i'2". 22t*-y>. 
In 1022 FwillcT hsd ■nnrrii*'] Mm, Jityct^ 
HAllnw&Ti or Hollnwiiy, 'An knirifwt, ^mvf 
gnnllnwoniMi.' co«<>i<Ii'rfibIy hiit M-nior. She 
wa.* the daii^iti^T of Wiliinru Kltw-jti, nnd 
had already btxn twice marritHl. Tberv b^iu;; 
Kl that tiiDeDifinirn'mik^ral l^mbt'tb. Fcatl<-T 
b^'ncef'inU r«.-iitdc'.l in hif- vritv'e huuM- «t the 
end of Kriiiiiiiglon Ijann. Hu cuuce«led hi» 
niarriiup for tome timo, liut it sbould iiKlt- 
fere nirb hio n-^idrncH at IjunU^th PulacH; 
but in 1 625 he ce&ied to be chaplain to Ahbnt, 
vwinff. it buji been uiijaslly r«pre««!nl«d, to 
Ih^ Ardibi^opA unfM-linf; I r>'aliii«nt. Feat- 
Xvy luu] b«*t;ii refuwd admuisiou to the palAc«<, 
biifjia-io ai> illnMs from which ho wa.4 siiHVr- 
ing WAS supposed t(i bti the plaifue. On re- 
n>vcring from what proved to bo & sharp 
attuck of nein', h*- iihnipt ly rL-^igncd hi.-' chup- 
laiiivv. Wifcjd nltrihulv* his ri.-j'i/nhlioa, ot" 
wliich (Lm sit'nis to Lh^ lh<> truf account, 
flinpl> to bi» tniirrinin}. During tho |K"stih-iicc 
in Iti^.i iiml ItSl''! K«ith'y thought coniro- 

TCT^y out "f ^l-mtcill, IUmI COlDlXlat'J a h'J*llt of 

in*lmi:lioni), hymnH, and prnyiin>, whicli b<^ 
rmlkd 'AiicilU PiotMin; or Vhn luad-muid 
lo privntf di'votion ; ]ff<*entinR h tnonuall lu 
hpr niiatn^*',' 2 part<. \-Jnio, l^.indnn, Klifl. 
Of till-, tlu' ijMi-t popular nuiiuul of privatn 
it' ■ , • Btxth i>dilion npftcamJI 

in I n-lni ioiiH till);! French nad 

nibt rt'<>:i[iii<.ut..l bm^'nn^^. It wiua^pMial 
ravo4irilvMiibC'liiirK'»I tnbiatruiihlt!*. Wogd 
ndat««, tni till' aiilhiirity of Wiiiioin t'arl- 
wri^ht of Chh"! (.■hunh, that for milking ihp 
»l«r>of Hl.'b-irnH, th«« tgtolar Miinl of Knji- 
taotl, a 'nwn- lt;.'nieiil' in thi- ■ I'r«i.:tijvi of 
Enriuinlinory IV'totion,' oflerH iinU prinli-i! 
Kith tbi*wiirlc, 1mu>1, wIh'O priniAtc, 'forrwl 
l-Vf,-' -■■ •- TV jtrn-iin, nnd lo fall upon bii 
hri l.'V. binvvcr, wi» opi-aliirg of 

St.ut..,;^. .I.-Ooioatlitm. It iloM uot appear 




thut he and l.uild wen ever ft-ietids. Vvn\Xvy 
liad. to luu liis own uxprG»ion, * hiokt \he 
lion in tho very fai.-e; uay, whoti ht> nVd bu 
injuihlod not'tTA* Gmth la»h,-^.A'i. Tliia 
refurR to liix having ppn>iii(vut ly rofusod to 
turn the communioo-iahle in hi.« church nt 
IjHmhutlt *Rll«r-wi«v,' He wns beaidm u vrtt- 
newi ajTiiinAt [vtiiil in lti<'M, wh«n the primate 
woti chargcilwitb having mAilf!tiip<'n<titioiu 
inii<)\-iilinn(iiilMn)bi>lbC)uipel(kusiiwoKTH, 
Huilorfeal Coltfctton*, pt. ii. i. ^HU). I^nd, 
I wo yean Ulf'r, ordered many poMOf^ re- 
flectiii^ on t)u> Itootau cuholica in Fcatley's 
'Ctavib Myatioa' to beoblitimted, bvJvru ut- 
lowing:ch«booktobeprint6d. Theseoilead* 
iiig passage* wvru wveridly njpruduced, m 
ertenso, br William I'rynne {Canti-r/iurie* 
Dwme.f. I06, and paasim). In 1*J-M Fi«tley 
wiu ii'>iuinAt«d by tbe lordx otii> of the sul^ 
conuniUfiu 'to eettle rclieion,' whidi met n1 
the JiTiimli'in CbnmWr, WmtininHler, under 
lh« prv><^id<inry r>f lli^hop WilluLm», tho then 
dean (FiLi^K, C?AurvA llUtiny, ed. Brvw«r. 
vi. IW). 

In hi9 ' Spoagia' ( TAe (ientte La»k, pt. ii. 
p. l;i) Foatli-y Tvivn to a 'double tusk' re- 
commeoded 10 him by ^mu niumbiT!> tif the 
Hoiute of Commons Mia animadvttrHliiiM 
upun% piipi«b tnut callud 'A Safemrtl fttim 
Stiipwnu:k« to i\ prwleiit Calholikc,' to which 
hi! gave the tilh> of ' Vflrturanus Uomonu!),' 
4tii, I>oiidon, ItVii. wiw on-.- pari, and ap- 
penrrd with the parUnment'A imprimatur, 
rhu other undertukiog was oQ exposition 
of And mar^^nal annotations on St. Paul'* 
Kpifiile«, which were printed in the Uible 
iMiiod by the UM<^'mblv of divinca in I(t4<>, 
(olio (cf. ib. p. -i). 

Though, at Pt'ti.'r IlevU'n uid, ' a C'alviuist 
alwayo m his hoartf' Featley defended Ihe 
church of Kiigbkad as w«U o^iusl the i>n>- 
tf<itant scotaries as the llouian catbolic*. 
During; the tjtvil wur,bi»idc8bitiiigcon«liuilly 
Mubj^cteii to vii>!i-iico ond n>bli*try, hr twic« 
narrowlv escapt.^ o£aae«!nalion. After the 
Iwlllr iif Kn-ntford, 1:! Nor. 1(142, some of 
liUsax V tronjis. who were quarterrKl at AHoit, 
hearing; that the rector was very exact in 
his obaerranM of chuin^h c'-mmoniw, Bn*d 
his well^tocked hams and Htabhfa, and did 
other damiu;o to tht; amount of '2\\l. ; they 
tlu'ii went to till' churt;b, btxfko ojwn tlw door, 
pulled down lite foiit,Kniaslird the windowo, 
and burnt th>' commuuiun rads in the street 
{MfT^ntriux Utt*ti<^i'i,\m. IH'J-iJl. Onlhefol* 
iowiii!.' Ifl VAi. Ill4:i-^, in iIm- mid'it nf ser- 
vice, fi vcioldio re nuibfvl into I.«iuU.'th Church 
inleulini^to murder Fitalley, who ha<l b^ion 
wnmei), and kept nut. of llm way. Two pa- 
nihinni-r* w>'m wniindnd and alain. He was 
next brought before the cuminittaa for plim- 



Feat ley 



178 



Featley 



rtfD frivoloOE BnideB 
br three of liw I.,uu- 
beth parisluoDen, wtiom ue ftjles * wtui-oeM- 
ratjsu; Un 16 Much 1642-3 he wu colled 
into th« excliuquLT cLuimbcr to ui>wt-r tbo 
eharRoB. TTiC tommitUie refus*!! to hew liis 
iiitwiiii.iiiil vutod him uul of hix UTingun 
th« 28rd, four oulv out uf iMiTMni(N.-D biiirig 
fmBeBt. The onln wu nut rc|»an4>d to the 
Qonimoiu uutil li July, when it wu of^- 
tived. Featle^haM left n full miwii iifrlu'w) 
prociMKUii^ in ' ijpun^a,' tbe sucond part of 
'The Gftallf La«li.' t-jirlW in llm yvKTbi" 
bad been onored, save hU n<fpbi'w, tli<! chair 
ofdiTinitrat Loydi^D, tiut Jecliaml it on th« 
plat of Old age (fVattM UtiKtyyttnaia, pt. ii. 
p. S7). lie attended Ihe nH-«tin((i> iif the 
aasemhly of {lirtntv, of -vrhii^h ho wiu nomi- 
aalod a member in Juqi?. UovIvd que«tk)iL'< 
wbelbor ho Rat in the aasembly to Mhmr faia 
parta or to \k»A a jparty, or out of his old 
loro to Cfilrinuu {Ilitt.vfthr Prrtlji,ifnam, 
1070, p. 404). Ue siiokf Mdly on Ulialf of 
BuuoopaAy, imi] ilr noun cud tliv alienation of 
cnurcu property and tin- tolf^rntinn of new 
wet* (CuKKXiiOK'. Ilistnry, IHW, bk. vii. par. 
ihi, 3&6), Tie alAO ri>fnM^ ro nsM^nt to every 
olauso in the eolemn league and Doveoant. 
Uia«poech«8,togcthLT with ' i>lxte«n reasons 
l(>r opiscopaU ^vemnii!nt,'are utinttMl in hiit 
'SacmNemimisj'thL'iipeetfliMiiIoiit*, a.4'()r»- 
tiooes Synodioei* in thv aixth cditiun of bis 
' Uippen Dipt.' lu canKHciui-iiof of a m>-4«aK« 
from CharKvs, who»' ehiipliiin be wns, Fnitlpy 
evetitoally willidniw fnini ihv aMvmbly(7'/i> 
OenliejMsh, p, '2) ; but being noon nfTertrarrlii 
detectod in a oorrwip»udenc<)wilh.tVrchljisbop 
Uaiihor, tbenwithtm- kinft a! Oxforil, bcwns 
impmonod aa 'a spy and int'-lli^iirf r ' in 
Loril I'etm'a liiumi in Aldvr»t^tp Slr4?el. A 
letter to tlte arrlibUhop had bitcn drawn frnm 
biiD by a trick, and apparenrly faUitlod by 
tba tvanJMjriber. Although, according to his 
aDntsnve, hia rectoriw and library only wero 
<wdvredt4boacquoeton>d ^C'F/i»»to»/ JourruiU, 
ill. S02), 'yet all bi« rent and iinvarx wero 
aeized wit4i n<^connt-l>ool(a, and liifi house, 
bointi uu cojiyhold and no uar«}nBp.--house» 
vraa taken from hini, and all ht* houi><ibold 
aiiiO'distnicled.andaitnatpan thviv of sold * 
(Cal. Sta/^ I'ttftrrji, l)nm. l(Ul-d, p. 499). 
Tbia harsh troniment gained him monye^'m- 

Ciavra outaidn his own iwrly, Kichanl 
47amaiie ottu-ra (/•(/■'■ ami Tim^a, i. TJj), 
Paring hi» itDpriuorunL'tit Fuatlxy returned 
to oonlrovt'ray. At the n^uLst of I he par- 
lianont lie wrolf a leani«d trt-ntiM< agunM 
llw Roman catliuliraoniitli'd ' Koma Uuena ; 
Ronea Ituin^: b<'tng a »ii<riniTt Auhwer to 
a PupiBh ChnllftiigK, coiicrrnini: tbi< anti- 
quity, unity, univenaUtj, auocr»ian, and 



perpvtuall vliibiUty of tbe 1 1 < 
4tQ, l.ondon, 1644. While v.,.,.,^ a. my 
his De|itit;^', he wiu* allowM tbrw books at a 
time from liia library I r. .I,>t,. „r» ItLl.i-i I.. 

C' li&brd aathi' ll: 
h'bi»r*?miirlaiK 
purilandivini'^-'fclinday, m > 
tOviridiclilelli>'iLTl:oI<-><,<lin:ij' 
of the church af England. '. 
TurBV wa» witb a fefiow-pti-" 
minuter, II>-nrv Th-nne [<|. \ 
I'uatJey had alwayn hiHin a I. 
haying on 17 Oc*. 10i"J IwOd (it-iue ai^i 
in Southw-arJf with William KifBn [i 
and thr<*e olbf-r bit^itial*, the tuhataucv 
which he emb>:idi<.-d in hia beat-known wotI 
tfntitlc>d ' Kiir(i4-»aTi(7-f ni icir , 
I>ip[>ersilipt : or,ih>' Aiuiliii)ii 
pbuitfMovur head II- ' r 
in Southwnrk. 'i 
fullDiiiruunieof iLli; t ■ r '. ...^>.il. 
rail toriM^ (3) Pituliar Kmmr», 
AttenptH again^'i Iho State, ij^t) 
piinisbmvutti : with an uppliuttion to the 
tim«>A,' 4lo, London, l^o. Thii amtisti 
trvntLse paS5cd tbroogb six edilioiiB in 
many years, and mingW tnreclire witl 
anecdoicd of thi- wickedn'^^ of his antagiv 
ntsta and ita ]innid<*niiiil puiii.thuieiit. 
l^■di<.■atin^' ibe hook t» tli-.' parliument Fial- 
lev was uvtdeutly making a iii'»p>'rHie Kid fur 
li&erty. Di-nne, feeling gi>'i>tly li I 
lone of ?'i-at leyV dialribei oli'urttl ! 
ibe ten aigiimentii with him 'fai--' :.i i.ic 
' tltr lint whereof Vi did dehal<< in private 
but four - -V ; ■'■ 1: " '1 t' . n-s 
of the I . uo| 

a/Imit til '.lii'j.i <iii >■ '1m livriii'i.- Plat4 

. . . hilt that if I would writ», h<< wuuld 
ilefend hi* ariritut;iitl ' < Ui::cx£, prefaci' tfl 
Antu'ArUt). lAinne ihen^upon drew up liil 
'Anticliri« L'ninaakvd,' which apppan-u by 
1 April of the same year. lO^to, when J-'eal- 
Icy waa already a dying inun; aiiuther rvpln 
by the ItcT. ^Umiiel lEictiardHin, eulitM 
' iiosuB brief CoUhidnrationM,' fnlliiwud khiii 
nfterwardn. 

Foatley was in bad health before hta it 
priKonmenl, and after eighteen tnnnths' rnt! 
Dneineni hi' waiiiwmiitii.'d upon bail to k 
move to CbeWa Collepfe for vhangv of airj 
There hodiedorojithno anddronsr, 17 ApriT 
lO-k'i.and on tbe :!ltii w<r ! ■ ' . ' .wn 
deairc in the chancel of I ' 
which tune a vm- i;:n-ai n 
of honour and cfuaiiFv n 
rite*.' ITie j^rmon prtai ... ^. 
by l*r. William lj—>, 11 fri*nt! 
ytiarx, alTiiriLH many intcreotiiJ. ■. o-'i'I 
dcuilo. He i» deKribvd bv bia ttoptusw Kjf* 
being ' loir of Mature, ytit ni a lortlj grtoa^j 



Featley 



279 



Featley 



ful cuuoteniutc<u ; ' while Wood accounted 
him ' u must smnrt ncoofm* of tha diuroli uf 
RiifDi-, 11 (-iimpi'iidtum nt tne learned tnngiiefi, 
ami »f nil tbf.- libi^ral arts sad scieucvs.' His 
porlrait by \V. Mftrsliall. dntod IWi'i, U prc- 
niM lo moat »litioii!> of ' Tbe Dippei% Di|>t,' 
CJlCi^I >lia first; anolbrr. representing him 
in bis gnre cloilii--^ ly''*(f *'>' ^"* <'JBit>. witli 
MO t-fitnpb, formii the fionlijiiiiixij to Ijixf'a 
'Fuii'i^rul 8crmo»/ and is also fontid in sonto 
of lii-) iHj^ihumi^iu works. Mrs. Fi-utluv died 
■ n Ityr (("(ATAKKH. J'wterat fifrnwn, 1638; 
Stow, Surrry, ud. Strjpp, 1720, pp. WS, 
IM). 

Fimtley's TulumiaouH wtirke iacJudii : 
1. Life of John Jr'Wi'l prt-tiKml tu llio hi* 
uliop's collt.<ct4.-<l workii in KMXt, nitd seuiii in 
](lll, ni'>«Ilv nil ubridgmenl nf thv lif<< hy 
■ni» Htinn)brrj-. It wiw rpproducwl, 
lieriritb Iil» liv«H of liainulas, Abhot, 
of Shlisburj, uid ' divers oilier^,' in 
FuUwr's ' Abil H<.-dvvivuc,' WA. 

. , Uclismtu nov-iintiqut enroris I'ela- 

^nrmiiiiuii,' 4tu, Lunduti, 16:!C>, an aDooy- 
iu<iu« trmirt agaiiiRt lEichurd Monln^, afl*)r- 
'Wanl' biAhap of Norwich. S. ■ Pela^us 
ilcHlivivuy, or PclAi:iu« raked out of the ulivq 
l»v Arminius and his AoholltTVIf)! London, 
Iti^l, iiQ«nyuiDiu, containing a troDsIatign of 
liic pivcedinjT tract. 4. 'A .Second Parnllcl 
togAtltvr with a W'rit ^if Error [by D. l-'oat- 
Iit] fitcd Againiil thp Appealer (i.<-. Ili»hup 
J(init«eu), 4lM, J.ondou. MVM. 5. ' TIw; 
ICranil ftienle^ or the IThun^li of Itntne in 
l«kiu^ ii»«v ihu siicTv^'J tup from the l.aiuty 
«t llir LrirJVTabl.! . . . 'Ii^-thir with two 
ciinr(Tt.'nnM, ibe formw at Pnris with P. 
^tailh . . . (bf bitor nt Ijotidun nith Mr. 
Krnnirl.' -itn, Umdon. 1(130. 0. ' Ilesa- 
tiiAiuui; iir, eix O'mlinis to ftn-o^bi'n ibu 
llrarl iif ifii'ty fHithful Cliriittinn agiiinut 
the TerroTK of I>o*tJi,' fol. I,iinOon, 1(>37. 
7. 'TrunciibotaDtiation i'.xpl<tdi>d ; or an en- 
|cciunti*r with UirbnnI [Smilbl lh» Titularic 
' TVisbwp of C'hiiUi'don, cutict^niiii^ Cbriiit bii 
ini» at bis holy Taklr. . . . Wlti>ri'iinto 
nosod a . . . l>i»pt)tali'.>u'(uucbiiiir tbv 
' point] bfld at IVU with ('. Iliiji^lisw,' 
>, London, \K\^, %. ■ H^^i-ou^iv. Tbo 
Tlutui' of .Mi>umiii){j furni*hiHl n'itb din-c- 
tioM f'jT ibtf bnun> of death. DfiliTerwl in 
47 m-mmnn, pnwhoil nt the fimi'mlli" of 
divt-r^ . . . MiTvants of C'bri«t. Pv Jt. Fi-atly 
. . . aiiijt otliur . . , diviiitw,' fob London, 

ItUii .'. .'I..- .-dilion, fob I I- \*mi. 

9, - ' !■ hkwXi, or iln' ' 'I of 

Dr. I .J kiiownc t'iiioii| i';l ■ l'r'>- 

'leatAOL ileltj^on; abKi Snvun Artidi-^ cs- 
, bJbili^l iik-iiiii>t biiD. With but Atuni-r 
til'- ■ r with the atid l>octor 

W ' i.'baUi-nj{»,' 3 purt», -llu 



(Oxford), 1644: anotbar odllicui the mtav. 
year. 10. * Sacra NuniHtin, tho I.ientG6 
Scounre; or, Mt>rciiriit3 Britim. C'ivicuH, di*« 
ciplind. ANo dirorsu rt'innrkaUe Disputes 
and Re-»lT3 in the Auombiy of Uivinc-A rv- 
hit«d, Episcopacy Mserted, Truth rt^blod. 
Innojioncy vindiMtcd n^tnst detraction ' 
(anon.), 4to. Oxford, lOtl. 11. 'PL-duu 
PiLstorftlo ct iMetbodiM C'oDcionandi,' iL'inu. 
rtrncht, Ift^". 12. ' Fv&tlici Ua\i7^Mi/ia; 
or, Hr, Daniel reatley revived : prvving (iml 
tbo Protectant Church (and not i\tc liomiab) 
in tbeoiivly t'atboli<:kuid truu CbunJt. . . , 
With a fiuonuci Ilialorj- f.f bii Life and 
DooUl Puhlt»liod by John Fcitluv,' \i porta, 
12U'>, London, UttK). 1». • Thr U'sgiH- il- 
lugal : vrUi-rtiin tbe late eolenin league and 
covi-iiant. in . . . oummined . . . nod , . , 
L*oDfut«d; . . . iiTitu>n long KiDce in priMn 
Iiy daninl Featley. . . . Published by John 
l-ainclough, vulgo KiMitley. (D, F. hieepco^b 
before the H&ueuibly of diviu««, coniXTUiiig 
t-bc ncv league and covenant. I>r. Fi^tlt-y'ii 
sixteen rcaaoiu for epi«(.'0(ial guvL'muM'uL, 
which he intended to have di!Uiie[i.-d in ibu 
usx/mbly . . . but woftnot peruilttiii,' &o.), 
4to, London, lti60L l'Vatl«y kI*o piiMiKhiKl, 
4to, I>mdon, 163S, Sir Humpbrev Lyndr's 
jxtRtlioiti'iiu rwply to tbtf ji"»uit, KolM-rt Jeni- 
8on, entitled ' A Case for tho Sjn-ctaili-w, or a 
Dpft/notof Via Tula,' togQtfaur with a trealiBe 
of hiii own called *Stri«tnRc in Lyndonioa- 
tigvm, byway of suppk-menl lo tlie ECni^bt'a 
.\T)ttwer.' and a ' Ncrmun Ton Nitnib. kjtiii. 
10] pniacbvd nt htf Funtrall at C'obbam, 
JuQptbv 14lh, l(};itt;' reprintL-d in the »\i\t- 

iiU-nient to Itiabop OihMD'a ' Pn«<!rvBtirii 
rom Po|»ttry' ivol. v. rd. IWfl). Some of 
Feftlb-y* coUi'Rfi ftXePcis.'A or 'advi'maria' 
nn> intbv Iludlviuu LibrorT, Kawliuwn MS. 
V. 76>1. lUtiia invntionn, but nniiti to i;irtt 
(be number, onotbiirrolume among ibrt name 
till bt't inn, ronluiniti); ihirtyHine dill(<r«nt 
I»tic«a by Ft-ailey. besides a numbfr of bis 
WI'.TS (>Vooi», Athena 0.mn.. ed. ]tb««, iii, 
Iftrt-9), from which it appisars that wbilu at 
Corpiii h« bad tbo tuition of Wall«r, ••lcl«t 
son of Sir Waller KAlcigb. A set of Latin 
vv»e», writtvn by him in lOOU. giving n 
curious eX|Hi!fitton of jeaniticol ampbibologr, 
will bv found pn>iLvt?d to Ilonry Mosona 
' Xhw .\rt nf Lying,' l;Jmo, l^iinlon, \(M\, 

Featley luf^ 'a uodell of an iutendt.'d will 
lu bo contirtni'd and exocntcd if over pe«c« 
rvnimo upon Israeli,' dated M April i&IA. 
llierein tui gives to Orvgory BrKxton, 'for 
manie vearea my right eyo and hand,' *qU 
Uic- roptt-e begun or fiuUhi»d against Poivric, 
vVrmiuiuuLsme, or Ana baptiati call llon.-iti!a. 
Item, u booko which my lA>nl Cruvon put 
iiKv vipon long «go», p«rr«ct for tbv prasM { 



Fcatley 



280 



Tech in 



Knd mydwin' in lliul in thf [iriiilinf( iln-rrwf 
gTi?ot4.' n-gnrdn Ih> had tn thi' -ii'tiIii* diijiiT- 

•IBftr of illf OflWI-*' ( will I .Itllll" 

304i>; ivgisttjpfd in I'X.C', - 1, 

|W.xi.r* Alheditr Oton. ilUiia). iii. lAA^O, 
13M, mid {NtMini ; Wool's I'>i»ti Oimi, (U|Im), i. 
201,306.363,174; John FiMt;i-y'fl lI'jitMry of his 
Lifo kimI DoAth.nart li.ufVcw.hi^ nsAiTTvrt^U, 
Nichob'f BiMwheea, vol it. Nu.19, pp. 35, 68- 

tdL X, No. 5, [>p. :i)4-41 (llnnnn'i .\ilAra6a); 
Btoff. BriL (1T63), Kti (-'{>!« nvnl, \}p. A^SO; 
Ouumena Btofi. Itiet, xiv. lli'i-7 ; l.tujrd'i 
WortbioN, p. 6'i7; Walki-r* SulTrriD^ o( Ihe 
Gwgy (ITU). i>p. 7A-8. lft9-70; l.jc)a»'» Kn- 
TiroK.!. 'i60.2i^'2^,■J^iZH„^U.u. 11.162, lA.t. 
Ifil M. ; StMl's ilirf. of the PnriUiiiH, iti. 47, 68, 
7S-9. 2C7-9: MNniiii;!^ sud Brnjr'k ^*imy. Hi. 
463, £02. AOl. 6U, 6i;,ap|)<.'ndis.c. iii.; AIUiq'b 
lAmtiCth. p|>. 3t. 23. 31. 6\f, 73, »A6; THDB(r«ll'« 
ljuii!-oth, ]>p IM-T; ltr«Yli-v'*.Siirr*-j, iii. 3'JI- 
824; PtrfMi Diura«l. a Oct." 1«-13; FcrfiMt P»^ 
ctamtinnnF f'rw«i^iin|r>in I'ltrlinnirol. 26 April 
1GI6 ; WiImjqh rJiuarntiitg Ohurrli4!>s i. 413. li. 
At2 : CU«Je"» £*Mj on tlio Cvmpunition uf a 
t!^^IVJn (Kuhinfi^n). ii. 9K: FuIIit's Worthic* 

iie62), (iifi.rJ.biru, p. 340 ; Oniimnr's Biuji. 
list, of EuK^uid (2ud ed.). ii. I7S~T; Nuti-Kuiu! 
QiMriuB. and str. ix. I». fi4, 67-K. :<1d. 4SA. 
Sitl Mir. 131. M7.fiih »er. viii. 28. 84-1 Q. O. 

FEATLEY or FATRCLOUOH, JOHN 
(ltiO-'i?-]t;6<l\ divinti, hod wf John Fiiir- 
clnugli, 1 lie *'Idfr lirnrlii-r i.f rhiiiel Fcatley 
[q.v.], WHS born in Non liamptoiisliirv ill or 
ftboiit Ha(6, ]!<• WW ndinitt>:iil tiller clerk 
or chorister ut All Soiils' Coll-m'. OxfonI, 
»n(i 1/kJc Wm B.A.deffni* on 2.V Fob. 10^1 
(WooD,>«*//0.tvw. c(f. UliM,i.4l4). After 
bfing ordained lio proceeded, ns he t«lU iw, 
to'SnintChriittrtpiifrsin tlieWi-BtiTnlnditw. 
•when- 1 had lh>- honor to (w tho finrt pri'«ff)ii!r 
of the Oospol in tht- inTancy oTthHt Jlinher- 
Colooy ill ihu y«ar 16L>tt' (Ff/ttl/ri nnXiv- 

Krwffut.pt.ii. p. .SK). Diirins" l(«r. and ItKMi 
•• was curatf tu hia imclr ut Lambeth, nnd 
pmbnhly M AcUm, In Ifftl) he wa» nrndv 
chaplain to Charlen I, 'at Ilurlly Fielda in 
thf* fir^t Scoltiidi pxpcililioii' fCViA •State 
Papfn, Pom. UittO-l, p. t'llit. Wlim rbe 
ltitu['s MUde had di-clinLil lie wfin ]i>-rsuadird 
by ms uncle to nftua n-ithdraw lo Si . Clii-i»- 
topli'.'r'», fur wLicli hv Kiil^ with his wifi>, 
children, iiriii wirTiinlB fnun Tillinry Moi*- on 
S4 J11UL' HU3 {Feattfti Ilriityy^i/ffMi, pi. ii. 

E.39). (hi 17 Ajwil HUiJ he writ--* frjm 
tfi hnui«> at lliiAhini;, Holland. .\fli<rTho 
K^aloralJtmhpwa&nppoiiitodnn^UJniioKttiO 
clinplain i'Xtrnordtn«rj: to the liinfi.who pfr^ 
•Hiitwl him on 13 Au^. lo thf prt^wjiior- 
Bhip of I,iiK-oln < Le Netb, I'atti, ed, llartly, 
ii. f*t}>, and in Vjopt'-mlMir followinp to the 
prebend of 31«ltoa liou with ijcaiulwiby in 



lb<' Mim>- iialliMinil (A. ii. 'Mi\. In lOtll hr 
iin["?(kr» as nvtor ■'•' !">'"■'■ V.,itinr.^l>iini- 
MliP', hnvin|( in lli' < 

for tim nrlorv nf ii . ! 

(til/. NUiif ISiftem, ih.i 
tiOl). Ilv tbcdenn ir, . 
\w woe itftrrwKt^f 1 1 ib<- Muar 

of EilwHnfl1ow/',N-'- i ir*-, IhiT.ltmr 

1001 lie ua.1 cn-ati^ hv luvnl f 
1>.I). Ht Difotil ( WiK-D, fhtti'Ofn- 
ii. 2>'ii1). Hit Ami at Linmln in lUiJO, juiiij 
wiu buried in a rliapcl in tliti cnllii'^Inl. Hi; 
puMiKhnI Iwo if not more of his uni:li!'a 
tracl», Ityetlwr with hi* life, «nj wiw him* 
Mlfaiithoruf; I. 'Sermon to tbi' \Ve»l InA. 
Cvnipnnv [on Jiuhuu i. i^V 4t(i, Londu 
itiOif. L'. 'UbediMin^ ami S ' 
SiTtuon [on Ueb. xiii. 171 ; 
BDirc. MVi't'Alo, I^nd'in, lA'-t'-. .v 1 .lUaH 
tain nf THart'tv emplyin)^ ilfinlfn inm thr 
rivelnls, vi«.. of 1 1} Compunction. (S) 
pa.*»ion, (3) Pr-voiion,' I'Umn. AmfU 
Iftlll ; another edition, li^mo, Luudoti, ' 
Tlis jnrtrait, a amall head, npjMim on tb^ 
«n^(Tav«l liliti of ihf iiral <_<ditioti uf Uili' 
moDual. 

[Wood's Alheno! Osnn. ed. BIIm, iif. 789-91 1 
Ooi's MxgiiB Ilfilannia, iii. &87 ; Ntchi^'a Bt 
lifiothwa, vol. X. No. S, p. >37 •<- (l>v(ui<''« Hi 
drnibi); ChnlmnsV Kioc- I>'(t. sir. 168; Qran^ 
^t» Iti<ig. lliht. of Fnglntxl. ^nd mI. ii. 190.1 

0.0. 

FEATLEY, UICUAUD (lit2I-lt»2) 
notioonlbnmst divine. [Suv FAiurioccii.]' 

FBCHIN, Saixt <rf. IW.)). wa» born it 
lilt* north of ('onuHu^ht. Of hi* ^t^nviilc__ 
no more l* knonn tluin that hifl fiiiher'a nam'l 
wns Co^lcama, his mother's Ijnssair. U 
tcmv Wat, of saints Iw in nani'il Oon 
Mo-i'rca. i'rodijrie-i are reconlfHl of Iii* ^esta- 
tion. birth, and childhood, n.-v.-uiblin^ itUMc 
of othi^r Miitil* iif hto lime, nnd evrn iW nui> 
o«dfiil milking of a bull which \fi iitlribtiti' 
to him 19 not williont ]iflrnll)>i. %\1mn b^ 
f^w iiphficonTiirli-dpii^atwi, defoainl tUivil 
mi»ed the dead, and boili-d wnter wilhnti 
RtT). Most of hi« ntimclf!! have nn Ic 
col"iiriiijf or individual proprielv, nnd u 
merely part of The composition nfUxa bio)^H 
phrre; but #om«fm(:m'.'iil""ru''Uii'T^ ' 
mvm cfinlained in his livis, the > 
thai in which lie hid- Theiuikria, ■,:, 
Uiartiifiii, kin^ of JMi'aili, tind tlti- wuy of ! 
jwlvntion indrea.'iinKlheHoreflof aleper. Tbd 
dniinafre of wiinndF nnd eortv wns mit lb' ' 
' iindi-nito'Ml,and in bidilinic I'l' uu-' 11 t>| 
the leper's ulcere with her I 
not iiilentiomilly adding: iltiii 
to liiT la^k, hut vfOA mun'U 
buat melhoj then known, an ' 



Fcchtcr 



3S1 



Fechter 




UaCM exjftt^il till nwol limui in Irt-iuntl. 
Alt4!i>iiuiiiv W(ui^iiig> l-'vcKin wttlodiiifl 
rvDtoli? Uiillon- in llie (_'oiiiiau(<!u jit-ilion of 
tlu^ kin^um uf Ml'biIi. A ffw huiii>«'i> with 
■nt-iirirctui^wnJI and ruiniMlgHlei>,iiliUcal)ml 
the Uirough of Pure, bcwiufli' thi; placo wm 
n.'pm«iil«^ in llii> Irinli pnrlisiuvnt, a niiiii^l 
TDonulorv iif th^ lftT<-r iniitdli- agtv, a ptt-m 
esttlin'ork atiributed tu Tur^eitt lbi> L>uiil>, 
anil Ivrti Tmi^' sncit^nt elmirln^ witli mi'gfi- 
lithic [H>r)Afg mnrk tlti> impnrlAnee t)f tbe 
wiiiit'fi Aettlement in «iicice«»iTe iit!<m tnhf*^ 
qiu-nt to hiatitne. Th« oldiwtof tli<? ('Inireh.fs, 
iruul built by hJui, Kt »iy ratv a)>]tn)iu<;bes 
Tt-ry ui-firljr to his conluri-. Ncur it are the 
rrmsiiu uf k wry uld milt, IIk* tuccvMor of 
OOA built by recliin, a««i imown as mtiHin 
gan truth, bwKuiit! wurlii'd by a i^firui): ubiL'ti 
comu nut of lb<- hilUide rlti^i to tbi^ mill. 
AboVM Uii' cburcb is the bUw[i rwk «f Fore, 
Hnd <>n lb*' nppiwiti.' vidt- of llii? vnllrr riws 
the KtfD of fofM, iL bill vUibli^ fntm remote 
pulauf Mt^Hlbaniiuf ntvifuu, A ^r«at tribv 
"^ Bioiiku lived with FrcUiu in tliis lonMj- 
, mid here L« i» n:mc'uaU!red to tbis *\uy 
ami tromiuemoratixl on 'J(J .Inn., the dnv upitfi 
vrbicb bf divd of tlit; |>luiruu calltKl bujdlie 
clioniul in tk>l. Kccl>-rt'c)uiu m OumfricAsbin' 
pn.v4.TM'^hi.aunni<>iTii^i.-<»l]un<l;iinil inln-Jitnd 
UeAiil*« Fun- (now tii t^u. Wnattufalli ) be i» 
Mud to liaTu foiindfil itie Hbbey of Con^ in 
Oalwnv, nnd llial i>f Kfta-ditrn in AcliitM<M-, 
00. Kerry.nnd nin(> ntht-rchurrhes or religious 
kdttlriDvittd. 

[Cotpui's A (!i« Sancton m Ilib^roiv, lAninin, 
laii, ]>. ISO. 'IVoliveaangiraD.lwthaiia luB^ 
aulMBijntnr In Si. Iccliiii. bat tfae aetoMl, lakm 
(ivm vrrrni) Iri»h Wxtm, in biMH<d upon aoma «n> 
cimt nuiifriolii. Sea sUo I>uEiiitr(ta'« Iribh 
ArdillH-lurs; PctriD'a Rnund Towen ; Annmbi 
fiti^lttichta J-'irvuiu, vuL i., cd- O'Dunuvan ; luoil 

FECHTER, ClIAliLI-i^S ALHKKT 
(IMM-I^ri'i, actor And drainalbt, was born 
23 Oi't . Iw24 in llanwny Vun), Oxford Slrwil, 
iiu:o<nlini;io tb<- Ikiitgriiidiy i)ublij<ii(nlin Atuo- 
ricn.butacL'onlingUi \ ixynt ^'AwiDif liiMnain 
df* I 'o'ltrmpi'ra 1 11/) at lli'lliivillr. I'nri*. His 
puvntn vrert' Inirii in Fnini'H, the fallit^r, wlio 
atwunf^l for ji'vvt'U<--r«. hvhm of 0«nniin, tlw 
iBitUiDr, it i^fukid, of I'iL-<)ni<)nti'i(f,o\imriion. 
Moaliitiirn, nliicb Itr I'-nrrii-.l from hi* fnllier, 
yrtu lu>c«rlir«t f<>riDiii< nccufiation. Itis lirft 
■mMtknujU' en th^^ Kagi- na> al tb« .*^kll(r 
Muliprr!,* suinll ihfdlni fir ntiiuloiirs, ivborc , 
ill lt>IO. hu jilayi'd in ' 1^- Mnri dti lu Vuuve ' 
of tb<' rldtr llHinriK, AflT n f>-w wiwkit at 
tb^ l'4.iaMTvatoirf,and h •'lion Miiddipiuitmue 
tour M. IliiK, o- iH<':iil>nr nf ■ Inivi'llinjf 
Kt - r P'tiimM tn I'aris, 

Ip <• ■ > . ' I de in tlw ' .Maliomvt ' 



of Nultain-, and VAleri! m' Tail utTe/lie mule 
tM |H,>nsit>nuKirv \ua d^liut at tb'.- ComMio 
Kran^aiae. Aft^r playing nthi^r (-)ianK.-t«r«, 
in tromc of which ho «uji|K<Krd Itnchfil, be 
willuirew in n bntl' fmiii ibt! tbentrv uid 
once more rccammcnrcd fruljitun*. An en- 
gngi-Djfnl JnB«trlin, In tht-ouiiwiifwh^vb bo 
pluyi'd in drama, opera, and batb-t, followe<l 
in li*40. The next year Lt- playnl for n ww-k 
or two al tb« Vmidvvijtc, anil taiii<:* {<> Lon- 
don, where, at tbtrSt.Janu'VsTlk'nin', )ioa|K 
pwared in m ri^ninn of the 'Anriijone' of 
Sriphwl**!* nnd in olbi-r piMW. An cngagc- 
m^^nt in 1)^18 at tUv Ambif^u CouiU[U«, in 
which, in'lji FamillfThurcau/bp mod^llr^d 
on thi.* stage n clay (iimru of I'oeirr, was in- 
terrupted by the outbreAJc of revotutiou. (o 
' Okut \X VlII,' Q uitirv by Luhiohi- nod I>o- 
courcblii! on the revolution, he apptiftrw) at 
th*! Viiri6t(!«, and he tbt-n, at xm Thfiatre 
Hinloriqni*, played in vanim.iiiiocni'of Diimui 
and of Paul F6val. In It^Uhe was again sL 
tbir Ainlii^i. During tbr IwofuUiiwingyeani 
be was at the Th^&tr« Historinin^ or al the 
Font' Sninl-Manin. As Sytrain in tfao 
' rUaudif "of Oi-orgc Sand (Port.'S«int-Mai^ 
tin, January 18:!1) he won the high prai».' of 
Th6o|ibiIv fjautK^r. Kioto l»5l' to l)^o(i ho 
n'ii«Hi (he Vsiidfvillo, whtfrf,:^ Feb. ltM:.',lio 
obtained bia gr«aleal triumph iu France aa 
Annand I>ural in ' I-n Dame aux CainCliu.' 
At thin jutiikI FecbliT wu* lb« firat j«un« 
prcmiorin France. HereLnmixl to ihePortfl 
Sflinlo.Mart in, wb«rp, in ' Im bcllu Onbricllp,' 
he had a ikll which Pndaiigtired bia lif<r. In 
I-So7 be wiiF, wuh M. ds la llouaat, joint 
dtrecior of th4> Od(-on. He resigned bin post- 
ia coQse<iiience of the reetFiclioas iinpo^ed 
upon him by the ^otemtnent in the intereat 
idthpTbfiltrf Fran^ai;*. IIaviiif;oiiditri.'n>nt 
occaaioiu plaretl in Kngland, aai invmber of a 
FrtfDoh comjianr, hi.* concr-ived the- idea of 
acting in Kngli^i. Lhi -.'7 Oct. \ii>M} h>> »p- 

f fared as ituy Blaa in a r^ndmnc of Victor 
Eugu'd phky at tho i'rinct'sa'fi. His Fnmeh 
acetyl Hcarr^Iy tutcrfonsi with hi:t aurceu. 
which wBAuronuunoed. 'UouCV«ardellaxau 
fiillowtsl, 11 Ffh. IHftI, nnd 'Hamlet' on 
20 March of the same Te«r, Tho iwuvplion 
of' HauilBt'wiuienibudisiiiir.aiidlbi.' triumph 
wa« ronrrt'ly conte«il<-(l hv the. etningftMi 
Ktickleri for Irndilion. The teit L-nincd 
grmtly in U'anty nnd intoUigihilitT by thu 
abandontnvni of old traditions. CI . ll. Leweii 
declared tliAt* bin llamlot wasoiit- oftbc xiiry 
bitft, and his 4.>thell'i nnv of tho very worst, 
I bavii oVtT »«H>n' (On .Utort <tnil Ihr Art ^f 
Aetiny, p. 1 .11 V > Ol lullo* was pla vM 'iA • Icu 
ISni. It wa»gcnvntllydii>aitprove<l,and wbt>n 
'(Hhello* waa revired after the ('hrifltroaa 
Iralidaye hv jilnyvd lago. ' Tha Uoldrn 



Fechter 



tit 



Feckenham 



Dogger,' an KdAptation of 'Lea CunicKiu 
'iXh' at I'aui r*v»l, -wiw » Uiluro. On 
10 Jad. Ib63 F^^bt^r oiK?n«l, na lessee tbs 
L^Deuni with tbe ' l»uko'« Mollo,' fnwt ' Ijb 
BuMu' of Paul 1-V^viiI, in whirh ho plAjred 
Uonri ile La^nl&rc. His sL-cond e«B9un 
opedftod in (klobcr ISOS with ' lt«l iJemooio,' 
inwhicblif pUyiKl AuAoIo. i-'ecUier clien ap- 
ptmrtKl «a Fftnfan in the * King*! liulUTllT ' 
(' FftniaiiU Tulips '),i!!2 Got. 1861: lU^W. 
Mftr&irw id llie ' Kondci^le Inn' I' L'.VulH-n:e 
dea Adret«'), iil Jan. iMVi ; Uf>li>hi>^(>r in 
tbe ' Muuuteljaiik,' in wUicli Itu too I'uul, 
■ami 7 , mpfi^Ted, 'J7 A)tril 1865; Leone 8al- 
nali in iti* ' WilfL Crv * (' Liu»rB lo Pilru '), 
6Ni>v. IMtt'ii Kclt^rintlii-'MKNti^riiflUvKaa- 
iroo(l,':!2 Dec, 1^'> ; uid bis original duuUu 
rAlv at tb« ThtHtna niatoriqiir, Luuin uitl 
F*tMCDtlei FmnchiintUe'Corsiauinrotben' 
(' I^ Fiiitw Conea'), Mav 1866. In tbMe 
Tarious cliAra£t«n ho proved hinueirUie beat 
expooent of youlbful unns on tbe Kaglifth 
fllAffe, uid au f^mini'ntlv [Mn-crfnl ncUir in 
mdudnuika. Mauriuv d'Arbi>l iu ' itoug»«t- 
Niiir; hi* own adanUIiuu uf ' IVente an* do 
la Vii' d'lin .Toucur, Jftnuary 1 S07,iut(l CUudi- 
MclnuLtv in tliv ' Ijidj uf I.jodb,' m Sept. 
1867, went ftUn BOCCesfiiL In Novtmbor 
Fwbter quitlwi the mmagoinvnt wf tlm Ly- 
ceum, And Bpjtcarisl, 2fi Dec., at the Adelpui 
MObooreiwrin'NoThoroughfttre.'byCbiirli'w 
Dicl(en«and Wilkii^ CoIlin«. Afttir vi«it'tng 
ParU to B(ippriDt«nd ' L'.-VWmt:,' a version 
of ' No Thorough fare,' produced at ibi; 
Vaudoville 2 Junu IHGS, in which, lioviivvr, 
h» did u<rf liimai.lf net, lie play'ii at the 
Adulphi Kdmuiul l)iinU-« in 'Vontt; Cri«to' 
17 Oct. Iritis, uirl l.lii- Cjiinl d>- liCyrac iu 
•Black and While.' 1*5* March 1KG9, a nirt^e 
wriuun by hiuiaulf und Mr. WiUiiL* Collins. 
After twelve faKWcll iwrfurmaniX'a (it Lht^ 
PrinouBs'8,lH)gtnningi>f^Nnv. 1861), bit etarted 
for America. On '2 March 1H72 bo f««{>- 

rired at the Adt<lpbi as Ruy Bliu, »nd 
JiUW 1672 at the I'Tinotw't'iit Hamlet. 
Hia powois w«n not ^rpatly tbipoired. Tb«! 
aame year, howewr, hu tjuiltod England not 
to return, nishrstappf-aranci? iii New York 
van at NibW« Ganluu, 10 Jan. 1870, lu Kuy 
Bhm. On 1-2 S.>i>l. ]»7U ihif (rlobe llteotre, 
popularlT koofrn as Fucbter's, ^nia opeut-d by 
liim witli 'Monte Criato.' The t'Xi«-rimtrit 
wail brief. Fuchter'^ impcriou* tf miMu-, a^- 
gTava(«d by indulgence-, involved liiin in 
privalu quanvla and in dtscufifiotii in lli<! 
praafi, and ou li Jan. 1871 ho played at tb<! 
Olobo for tho huit time. Ai the Fn-iicb 
theatre, Svw Yiwk, rcchrif-lL-nnd tho I^ycoum, 
to which hu r>'turi»Hl, tbii> hiHinrr vnts re- 
pmted. Od 1>S April 1^73, aitor h\» nlnru 
Uom England, bu rwappvarcd at tbe Urand 



Opera HouH, Now York, iu ' -to.* 

On l>'t Apnllg74heop«n4>dt)i' ' i itr*. 
Broadwav, wbt-n be a|ipeaml aji Karl it 
' Lot*'* IViuLiicn,* a play in a prt>lnft>>': lUii! 
thret! acta, adapted by bunaelf trma * Lc M' 
decin dea Eitfaiita.' I'bla waa li» lut or 
part. Il6 n'appcam) occaaiaoallr in '. 
and other towits m bla prionpal cha 
inoat of wlucli he baduBaol«d in the Unil 
8lal««. In 1H76 be brolM bis W. tie tba^ 
rvlirvd lo a farm whidt b« bad batt[ 
t!i(- ttlile vilbkSB of Rnckhind Crntnr, 
r<»UBir, two mnira' ruilway jouriwy 
Fbilaik-lpbia. U^re he lived, occupying 1 
self priucipolly with Geld eporu, and bui 
bin mom and taMe with doffa, for wliii'l 
animals he had a strong airt<cliun. A|>ptMU- 
ing on Iha atagw at time*, and aa often dti 
appointing Wi* audience, be Biu]aired gmda 
ally aohararter for di»tipalion, I'mm whirl 
hi» found it idti[nat«)Tiiniio»«ible to rerovarJ 
IIv dii'd of dtteaw ot llie Htomacb and liT>>r 
Ji Aug. 1P70, and on thp 8th wai plnrnl it 
a ^(^cl^ivi^g I'ault, Mount \'eriKm ■■ 
Phibidtdphia, wbeuci^, Ihe follow, 
hia rfmaioB wbtb removod to a giino. 
which i* a bust of ihA actor and thn biAcrij 
tion ■ Oeniua baa token its lli^ht to Ul 
Fecliter was an excollent, it may aliuoal 
aaid a gr<«t, actor. I>uriug :: -^ be 

was the beat lover on IIm* ' "H!*- 

Ilu place since his d«Alh Ti'ii.ii:i.* nunlW 
HiaconeeplioD of Uamtet woa in part du« 
to tL<t Itev. J. CM. lioH.-" -V 

various imjHf rBoniit toiw vtuiy •■ 

iutimacT "''b IJicktma and . .L ■ './j 

ui4>n. llifi exjwrienL'o of the AtSffO was 
wigiial valuv to him. Tin- twour thn'' adaf 
tationa nianlioiwd gavo him : I 

rank ait a draraatiEt. lie m---. < ' NorJ 

IC^17, .Mile. lt"llM-rt, a ]i«n>ioiuiaia- nf ibl 
L'cm6dic> Frao^ni!)^, by wboin be had n 
Paul, and a daugblvr, Mariu. who becami 
nn operatic singer. A bu§t uf hitu ••xvoit 
by biniaulf is in the t-larrick CInb. 

[K«tn Fi<!d"i. Clmr!c( AU«rt Fo^hter. 
1882 : F(i*.Wi Dmiiiitie L'-t, 1879 ; V.i|«r«aBii 
Dirtiontiaire dea CoalciDpomina, Poria, lUOj 
Vapon-nu* L',\nnre Utt«rAire et ttnm 
vnriouK ywiw ; l^ww'a AcUiia nnri II 
of Aciiiite. 1870; Luau'a JlUtnirw dii 1 
Fnu^tisl IMS; Atheai&nmi i«i3Daal moUt 
liou.) J. K- 

FECKENHAM.JOHXin:(l518Ml 

tb« iaM feblx^t of WMtmiiiilcr, bom H 
Fivkimbaiu I'lmitl, Worcpstv rehire, 
1&I8, wiut tlu! »ijn of puur pi«aanta 
lloniiian. The parish pricstcsrir d-j'-fl 
liii^ ubtliiit?F, and lbK>ii|;b !' 
some 'coii>i<lcnihli('i»ereons 1 ...ad» 



Feckenham 



^Sj 



Feckenham 



p 



iniiitoEvc3l>iunniuTia5l>:TT; al^trlnking 
TOWM be was kiiowD a« Joun of I'ecken- 
tuun. W)ifu «hout eigbl«on b« Fatcred 
QlttilcntAT H&ll (dow WonM6t«r ColUige), 
Oxford, n *>'Qilimry bulon^na to tbe Ib-iu— 
dietine ordi>r, luiving a epeeial amnmi>iit fur 
tlir Evi;8bam motilu. u« Uxik i\i» ()<i);nttr <>t' 
biirlu>lf)r af ilirinity (in II Jun« 16:!Kl, and 
tbeti rotunitKl to Uts monasloty (o (t-arli tbe 
novitiatti. Short Iv aflt-ru'Krclii Ihii nLbt-y 
of Kvrfihxm wan itfaiAvcd (17 Nov. IGSU), 
Feckenhnm aiding his name with tlie ntliiT 
hrethrrn to ihe dte<\ of sum-nder, i»cli re- 
outTiiij{ an bbuu»1 pemiion of lOA in com^wn- 
BAtton. For&limo Frc!; i ' r; «! tiilhi' 

uuivemity. ForifU vt-ar- [wnodlw 

«u rMUw of SoUbuU, V. ,k >. .. .-.-liire. Ac- 
cording to Dugilalo's ' WiirMiiktUin.-* (<h1. 
lOM, p. 690) lie iru nol inxtit uUrd lill I&t4, 
althoogh bis predecacwnr, Tbamas Blirtinur- 
buwt, (via«wl to be rwtor fin? xwirn b<T"n-, 
and a maniuxTiiit accrnint of (Wkeabun'e 
Ijeiiffaotioiu to Ine pariab, dated l>>4t^ in bin 
own b«D(twnliD^,im)>lii-v ibul at that Amc he 
bad b«>.i] Tvctor for u-u vcBrf. (This maau- 
AfHiit still Eurvirebta Solihull parish lihrary.) 
I*'eJ£t?Bliarawa*fur»t>iuov'«irsdomeilJccUap- 
latn loUr. lleU,b(Hliopuf \Vuri:eiilt.'r,iM'viviiig 
on Bell's [v«i^uiion(1543)ihi^ samu ]ioal in 
l.h« boiiMiihiilil of Bonner, liixliiiu (if I^jodon, 
whfsi*, saj-h I'ulltir, he ' cnirt^ ihu prorerh, 
liki* BiiMttT, UV'; uiiiii, tliu mn>ti<r bcln^ cruel, 
the fibaplAin kird to »ich aa in jndpni?nt 
di«aoiit«o from bim' (t'Ai<r<<A liittoiy.bk. ik. 
p. 178). On BontK-r's i!.-privniit.ii I l'»*'*)i 
tbv chaplain, liavin^ incurred Archbishop 
Crfcni«(irBdi"i(lc«»u»*, wii«»fnlloihfTiiw<r, 
ftnd WAR *iiisp<.'ndMl from \m bviiellco al HnM' 
biill,ftlihr»yb bv wn^ D4it dcrprivt'd of it. Ilo 
wa» Mill in thoTowcrin l&oI.whcQ howa» 
' borrowed ' by Sir n»lip lt"hy to represent, 
wiLli \Vat«on ami Vouu^, the Kouian cntliolic 
party ill soujc cunf-n^aix's bidd on ibo eacrn- 
mont, in llw boiiK>^> of Sir Wiltiam (Veil, 
Sir John rhtlif, und nthdiTi. FiN-keDbam waa 
itfl«rH'atxl« hllnwi-d to taku pnrt in a Mnv« 
of confetvnow in hit) iiativn rountj, lK>^in- 
nmx el Parahore and ending in \Vottw\ft 
Catlinlnl (whiM« it is mid Bishop Jewel 
WHS his o^'i-oufiit} ; in nil be ffreally distin- 
Ifiiivhiil liiin»elf. e«)itc!ally In u di!]jutalion 
witblttithop llo'j{>*<r. il>?u-uj|lii<an.-uiiinded 
illw'IWnr, wh'ni^i> on Miirt's acc««aionh6 
n-loM«d, iiuil lx>ok biR {uTJoer place in 
iniif's b<Hi>mho)d, li<-iii)E »!iortlr pmniol«d 
lo ibe post of pnvaif cbajdain and cattlassor 
ta lht> ini«Tii, Tn .Ir-Tiinn (ITi&l) llonntrr 
miidc bini m- 1 t Kcntitb Town (a 

II ill S{. Ti ■ ilriili, iiiiil iti -Miirch 



I and tbt^n that of Orbcnford Ma^ua (SS8ept.) 
I On becoming dean be finally rHigned hiif eon- 
I njwtion with Solihull. Ilia reputstion n» h 
I VTOocherTros now very grvat, ond tbrouglumt 
Mary's reign Iw was much (.'ui ployed to prwicb 
u^imt ths rabrmed n;li^on, crotrds of diA- 
tu>jfuiHb«d people llocLiag wery Sunday to 
hear )iis '^oatny tuirmoas ' from St. Paul's 
Cross and in tfau city cburcbeB (Mi.cuyN, 
Diary). During the Mnrian p«r«(*culian 
Feckenham wuDonatontly employed to plvad 
with obdunta b«r«{ic«, aiid,beinga'pitiful- 
minded'mun, he often aoiif^t to mvc tho 
lix-e* of thoe« he could not convert, rcwuiiijt 
twcnty-cifht at one tJmo fjrofn the stake 
Among the leading prole«taiit8 befriemlvd 
by him were the Karl of Bedford, and Am- 
brow and KobiTt Dttdivy, nAurwardjt u&rla 
of Warwick and l,eiiTester. l-'ourdarsbvfnm 
Ludy June Grey's e.\rL-utiott Fuckunaam woa 
»ent by Mnrj- !■) iittf»]|>t her conreniion, but 
be found it impoesible to &liaka hOTOonWatieT, 
and flnnlly, it is said, arhnowledged lumseu 
(iltm- to h* her dlgciplo ihnn her ma»tM-, cbe 
drawing up at bis requost a brief sum other 
fnitb, giving his nrgiimenls and her own in 
the form of a dialogue, wUtcbwiwafttTwarda 

Eubluhed. On tht- MaiTold he took lea\e of 
ur with the wordjt thai ho vru soriy for her, 
for he was sure tb^y I wo would never inent. 
After having in vain attempted Ridley's ron- 
\erwoit, Fnckenbam took part, a« one of the 
representativea of conrooation, in tli« dU- 
jHitation held lit Oxford (1.1 April 1064) with 
Cranmer, Ijitimi^r, and ICidtey. Two year* 
aAcmards be bad the triumph of pGrsuadiiig 
Sir John Cheke [q. v.], thcu in prLwa under 
»eutoaoe of death, to ruBOUuoc- thu prut«slant 
religion. In Mav ( ITlVJ) Fockeubuu took h» 
D.D. dcgrw at Oxford. Tn the autumn Mary 
re-fuundetl the ihmedictinv mootfitcrv of 
St.- I'etef, "VVestminaler (7 Sept. 1 560),' and 
I'Vfkuuluun luctiived the uniquu post of mit red 
abbot of that gn-at fimndation. Cardinal 
Pole, tba pupil's legate, had some trouble in 
turning out tho dean (Weston) and preben- 
daries, who Tvfuaed to aicn tba dscd of aut- 
r>>ndpr, hut Westoa waa finally eomponisted 
W tin* deancrv of WitMlMir, and the canons 
by O'lifionA. rven(beDfru*hdiflieulci««Bro»e 
in forming the munoAlerr, as only (i>urlccQ 
monks, unuiarnvd, unprvferred to curu», and 
unaltered in their opinions, eotild be di»- 
OOTBred inLond<m. OuSlNov. the now abbot 
WHsiuHtiUI«d,u»dcxin(t«cratedon UO Nov. by 
the legate, before a lam uaembly of blshopA 
and nnblen, all ihu old c^PTMnonive being r»- 
vivwl for (be laiM time. By t be pflpc-'naullti^ly 
Pole drew up sew ruli^ for the monaslerrt 
r he uHico of abbot was onlv to he tunable for 
I brw yvon^ bo eoq^ ifWiiv wu to be huM 



■eckenham 



S84 



■eckenham 



before lh« elwt4gn, mil iiu mval nsseut 10 
conftnn. Kockptiliaiii itnnu^lintcljr act to 
vork 10 i^slon^ tltc building w sorae of iu 
fonucr ipU'iiJuur. IMwnrtl tbti CvaStmor'* 
■brim liiid bwu duIIlvI dowu, the irlii-s and 
ivirelj>ftlnlt!u,8i)<ftJ)t!C<nif«iuiur'AC0iflui tKiHtMl 
in snmu ohxcuro place; in Tllarrli (I5<*>7} the 
■bhot bci)(nn ton-i^onntriirt the fi}irim-, Mitn- 
mipplring tin; tiev jprreU and inugM, mak 
uu JuTj (hi! eaiat's bi>dj wu cairied in 1 
pmc«iuion tn i(« formw rrwtina^|il«rv. Con* 
elnnt prUHWtioRs and tnagtuncent fufiiival 
wrviccj. wviT, u in fonniT days, now held 
vilhin lhi> rliurch. I.<ird Wentwortb vm 
obliged to reai)^ lh« alil^irs private houne, 
grmotfld to him W Edwnrd Vl, rocciring' 
Csnonbury manor in exchaii;^>, and iV-ckco- 
hiim kfpt uplbeold tradilioiurifttifunnoelr 
bo^pilalily vf thu Wi-eimini^U-r ubtwtK br 
MDStaDtlv enteriainina (liKtii^pii^hi-d tftiiiit<4 
at his tublfl. Onu of Lis first acis hod been 
to rt'vivft Ihi' privilrgi-n nf imnrtnnry, nnil a 
fun night alter Uiii installation he luul ffune 
with hit> monks in procM«on round the abbey, 
j»nT«l«I bv the RanctoAry men, vrith rroM 
Keyii uputi th«ir (carmen to, and thr«<^ uitird'>n.-T^ 
atiion^ tliC'in. A bill for thv aboIi4hmi.-nt 
' ttaoctiuiry, iu which the ri^fliw of WtsL- 
tinstcT wt^re capei'inlly thrvateni-il, waft in 
pn-pnmti'in, nnd 011 11 Fub. 1fr/i7 ibw abbot 
aiiiieiirfd, by lbs ^I>tfalll'r'* urdera, hpfore th-s 
t'ommons, tm-ompiLniod bv a monk currying 
tliM nnrieni cliiirt-TK, wbivb Imd Ikn'R only 
savt^d from dHStmntion by a sei^-ani ^if Cnr- 
dttiid IVU', wliii bad (liscovi-njd » cliil<i play- 
ing with ittoin in the: Mre-ot. Fcoki-nhimi 
tb«n dt'lirprfil u long and eloquent Bpeech 
iaee. RaKiirttan M.S. ,Wi«^W. p, tW, ]irintc<l by 
StHotey ; Memort/tU 1/ fVfttmwter Ahbey, 
]*l ml.) pleading for the continuance of the 
unrtnar^-, and no fwrthiT atTi^mnt wns t]i<in 
miide to abolish i(. On 17 Nov. l.'ifts Ijtioen 
fnry dif^l. Fc-ckenkam preached a fine rer- 
lon, on Iwwit.'*. iv. i iCottwi. itf*'- Vo^f. I>. 
xvid. f. U4>, lit her fimonU in Ibo abbey. 
liv bad uoihiug p'.'noiially to fvar from 
the new Kovi-rvign, having lM--fni-iidfd hi-r 
both before and after hur captivity in the 
bit" evict], nnd inriirring, on li«r behalf, 
Mary'ri di.ipltia.'^Mrtt. Kliubetk aent for him 
lAftt-rherscct'wion, and t be story gofwihol the 
iLbot didaT<-d following the royal ni(^Mrnp.'r 
till Ut hud tinisbed a plnntalion of young 
elms upon winch he wax ciigai^-ed, in what 
u now Deau'ti Yard. }^aiiniJt>r», wiih no 
autbonty,Baaenatba( he wtiaiiRVr^d tW an^h- 
biiilioprifi ctf Canlerbtiry in thin iuirr\-iow, 
but more probably <hi? iinccn nulv sr-nl for 
him to confirm him in bis pnst, ind but he 
bi^u willing 111 ronfiimi outwardly to tite 
protestant &ith, he might no doubt have re- 



tained iM-r favour. Ihu 
liameni, in which bi* i' 
lowMtbendi of bishop?, heb]." 
afoinat everything Icndrtt:: ■ 
form, objecting otpeciu 
of flrntfruitM and impi 1 

anne.\atiuD of biidiops ]aada nud ctli^ 
hounu* lo tlK rrown. I'aeki^nham'* locm;)! 
; and most fiimoub Apept-b wa^ 
I of L'uiformityand the liturL--. IV] 

' (I'A. Wp. U.'xrni_r.8fi). In 
, held in Westminster Abbey 1 
twiwn Ibe pnrt^wlant am! lin 
divincw, Fffki'nbom certainly look port, oai^ 
is recorded that, when on tbi- 
aawmbly brolic up through (I. 
Houuini»lit to proceed, Iwwij- 
ber of his party willinj; to ' 'Tr*" 

mi'Hts. But at be is uot m- n llio. 

bt^Iai'Creditedreportaamong the eight cbosel 
represuutalivea ol (ht- Komancalbolie purtyj 
bo wajt pniluilily proM^ni in ius ollicud capa-l 
city assnbol, bis judgment being 'oiilied witli^ 
PMpect and beard with revi>n<iio>\ hu mc 
deriTion being much commended' (Frt!.wB) 
On 3 July I-VjH the fow remainin- in 

ho\iiK*vt^re &ifi»i\Wi-fi,tnd on lif.li 
bot and moalis were removed from \^ t.i;imii- 
' fiier,the(iiicenpurpo8inglor5tn>liiiiti'ih'-t»iy 
I legiAl'> diurch founded ibertlv ileurv ^*U 
^ Kei^kenbaiu reooived the »umol IM7/. 14i. (I 
fhim th'j r'jvenuiw of the aWn-y (J/ul. 
' Ofmia. lib Krp.), hut (.bowed hia ^eoe 
, hr resigning part at leael of thiti meo 
I hts siicri^^ir, IV.iii Hill ['I-T-J'"'"^ giTinj 
■ him b^'.tifii'^ g'^ directiona about such lano 
lesMrd out, which cotdd nut ot l>i>rwtHo ha« 
Item t-iwilv didcoTered [^I^atd. .V.S". No, 08d 
■Ito, xlviil. -l», f. 71). On 20 May ir"" 
Fockeiiham,iiLsoldfrii:nilWat»oii,Ut<'bt 
of Lincoln, Cole, who bad iiurc(H\led 
l&na as dean of St. raid's, and IV. CI 
were all Mtit to tbo Tower ' for railing Of^t! 
the choitgv* that bad bevn mo'le, AR( 
! three veura" imprijiinment 1~ ' 1 ni 

givvu lutu the cufl'fjy of hi niut 

llorne, now bislmp of Winc^ -i- 1- (' icwbi! 
Io03). The liisbop and hie ^\i-»\ bad dail] 
ConfentnrttH tom-liinn religi^'fi during lh« wi 
ter in the prMenre of pick'.'d nudieuoe«, and 
for n time tlii'irivlation* wvn- frii-wlly. Bti 
evly in the ne^t year the bishop gaVQ 
ibat he bad bo|>»» nf IWhenli'im's cot 
, raity, and IVri.nhnni ^tn:<nii<>ti^U denil 
the n?j)ort. From rhiii time iL^dtscn 
became tuo»t ncriuionions, ond n< 
' Mroinvd Feckmbam from Ihe eont 
I liberty be had hitherto wijoyed. At Ifl 
, linding it impoMibb' to convert bi» obaLu 
. cluirge, \w imlitioiii-d the ntuncil to 
him, and in the autumn Fe * ' 



I 
I 



ttorv sent liiirk to the Tower (1AH4). 
»ft«r lii» iwturn to (In* Towoi- Focken- 
publislivd n hoo\i puqxiniii^' to contain 
bis answers to n'imL*'A sr^riimunu, whidi tbc 
bUhnp wrcuninl liim of hatiii|i n-rillen and 
privREelT rirculatt-d twojoara l*'for« us an 
mnswf^ to t1i<' qiit<<?n'» c(tn)niuuii<tii<?rH m ra»> 
be W(*rp oii1]c<) iii>on in tskp tlie oiitli of bh- 
premscy. and con'^ainin™ ■jri;jiniilly no rofur- 
encw lollornc. A fiirw>ii<iC"nin)v^r!'Vt.'ii,«»i>'il, 
Fccbenlukm app<'^alin||r to Ceril a^nst ihe 
bisfaojt'a&ci'iisaliond, wliilo Ilonie wmtc an 
»n»wrr to Fwlt«nh(»m'ti book, and Hftrjwfcld 
r^lind by ■ def-^nce of llipex-abbol.wnlien 
iuid(>r w>vcr of StapLvton's nufnc, tut Hnrpv 
fvld, liciiig K prtMiDur I)iin»idr, n-a« afraid of 
WJiig Crtoaproniiw^. After a year or two 
longer ill ihu Tower. KuckvuliAtii uud his 
fcllnw-prixonf n vm- sent Ui tb« Manthalaea, 
where lliey ba<l ' more lilKTty aiid uir." and 
in 1571 ^^>^k■>nIllln^ [iriiy»Hl with Dr. Story 
thi! nigtit hofiirv- hit cxpi-iitinn and aiiiinmod 
him in hu fuith. While in tli« Tower 
FcclccDham wrown ^miillpnmnblet (printod 
bj John Iloodiv, hondou. 1570) be<ggiDg that 
be and tb<^ otlter priaouers might not be 
* bali-d by ihu tratt to church in such violent 
manner against our wilk, then! to hear a ser- 
mon, not of pt^niunding ue, but rmiling upom 
v»' la 1>>~-l <lir< leading Roman ra^holic 
priiianerB were rwleanpd on l>ail, and T-"M:kfn- 
lum went lo liw in a priviik* Iioum* in llol- 
bom, whom h<> built a fountain or tti]iu><luRt 
for the poor. Ho wm alt bis life noted for 
his l)^nevolrtirp, and in !r>7t> b«> built a ht>i»- 
ptcefur I ho poor who (r«iiient«dtb& mineral 
waters at Hath (Jialh Herald,'d Nor. lUTiT). 
In 1077 F'.-cki'uhiiin wn? t-oiomitti-d inio freu 
ciulviy with (Vix, bii^hop of Kly, who waii 
roqueated by the qu(«n lo bring thi^ abbot, 
'bfing a ninn of K-arniiiti and t4?iup).T, tu nc- 
knuwl(>dgi> liar supn'mary, and corns to thfi 
church.' The hisuop nrpons hii prieuoGr ta 
' a gi*nllc piinoti, but in p'ljniiii religion too, 
(<«' '■ '■' ' lu Jiimf l-ltiOtURbiahopaup- 

iili .\\v\, 'in acciuint of bin age nnd 

iiii.jj,^ I, to taWf away from hitn the 

rv«prin«ihilitv of hnviiig the prisonpr in bia 
pivni.- fi ii^.-. and Fiirkf'nhnm, though fitill 
in ' I ■* custotly, vn» ibert-fori* i">nt to 

Wi It'. wh«f« nevon other Roman 

Cstb'.'iiCB wt:n.' itDprlfeODvd. WbImu nmong 
lUi-m. Till' confi-rMiM* on ivligioti slill con- 
tinued, nnd llually a «uniRurr of the rt^ulta 
oblainni wn* drawn up by tbt< BtNbgip nnd 
i)c'jin of Klyontitlr^i 'Atrm' Note of certain 
Arlicliw cimfi*-ixl and nllowv-d by Mr. Dr. 
Fecltenhani.' Thii jio-<'anr'<t rmnftiwion hta 
btfpn mado Iho r»uD<lutio» of a vliaive of in- 
ii<i«!>ncyngain»tthonbb'it. Ilia aignaturo 
A bar* bi<(>a obl«iti(rd without much 




pppssiin^, flinf* two years t>arlier IHaii Pemo 
wnles lo Ilurgliluy ihut il was found impos- 
sible to induce Fcckenham lo nign thix Mnte 
document. In any eosu tho nM^nijition 
amouiitH lo v<<rt- liEtln; bul. lh« lu^hi^ must 
h«Te tfccn sntisfied, for wp hear t>f no more 
di«pu1atiun», and Fttcltmlimn was sulTi'red to 
tip«nd tho last fire years of his liff in \ytMx, 
uiiuUt'TiiiLT to the poor and building a <xma, 
till he ditHi in iri8.'i. Putting aside the ex- 
ccesivu pouegyrirsof the Itoman catholic and 
th<^»Iandi-ni of a few protectant wTinrc, thwro 
is no doubt thai thrt U^t nbhot of Weatmin- 
ftler wiin s striking figun?. and wurihy to be, 
as Fuller oatU him, ' a landmark in htxtorj.' 
In peiBon be wia eiout nnd rvund-fuced. of 
a pu-aeant countenance; hi^ manncnt ii&iible, 
bis charity to tho pK»r aekuowledgwl by 
all. as al50 his moderation luid «kill in argu- 
moiit, aad hui vbK|ut-iici> as a preaclwr and 
speaker. 

IWidt.'^ the sermons and orations ftlroady 
meutjonml fnw of Fwk^^n ham's workJt nnj 
ext&Dt, though ho i« knrinti to have written 
' i'ouimontnnBs on tba I'wUm-i,' ■ C(i.\ »«t Kmp- 
lor,' a pamphlet on the ■ Abbey LomLi,' ««d 
a trTOiiM' on the sacrament sgaitut Hooper's 
Tiewii, Tho iMiott which caused] luriteiomuch 
aonoyaoce is entitled 'llio IWtaration of 
Aiich Scnipkit and Slavsof ('on|u';t,tnco touclt- 
ing the Oath of r^uprrmncy as Mr. J, F. by 
writing did delivtr unto thw Ivord Bishop of 
Wiuchfstcr, with his RcMihition mmVihony 
upon,' &c., Lond. IIW*. In the Sloane Col- 
lection i8acuriouamanuiUTi]>t entitled, 'Tliis 
book of Novenitgnmediciuesagaiuat tbcmti«t 
coimnon and known discMCs, both of men 
and women, waa l^ good proof and loo^ ux- 
peiience colitvttM] of Mr. Dr. Feckenliam, lato 
abbot of \VestminHt«r, and that chielly for 
ihii poor, which bath not at all times the 
learned pbyAiciaiu at hand.' 

[Reynerius. Apost. Bennlict. AnftL Tract; 
Wood's Athenw 0«on- ii, '222. &c. , Kotiiwll's ad- 
dilionaJ Dotvs to Wood ; Lanad. MS. >'i>. 1M(3, 4bi, 
•sliih. 45, f. 71 : 8tryp«'« AnnAls, liedmiitrfiail 
Mrtnoriiils. and Life of Sir Ji»lin C1i«ke, Ilar<- 
n«i'K llmiorj of ilio Kvrurmation ; Fulter'a 
Chnruh History: Machya'* li^nry -, DugiUlt'it 
Monibtticoo and Steraos'* addilioual nol«s ; 
WdliiDn'* Chroaologiral imCm oa Ihtt Bogru^ 
CaannatiU'M) of iha Onlor of 8l. K^nnllci; lifo 
in liibliottKCA Rritannim; OillriM'* Itibl. Uie- 
tiuaanror Kngliab Ublholica; Widfiiorc*! Ilixtorj 
of 3uPftt«r'a. WMtmintlar; .SiAta I'aiwrt. Klii. 
Dnm.rola. x»ii. sxrri.eiiv, nsii. c«uii. <i«Iiii. 
tte. U'V.<Kta'» JiMmil, lAiO; LAtin linn on 
Fockenhatc. Ilarl. MS. 218.^,- An Anaw-ar to 
MrtainaaaertioDs of Mr. p ■ ■ • agMiiwt aOudly 
Strnnaa of John t)<>u;)b», l/on<l. IA;0; A Coo- 
futatioti of a I'oLii»|i and Slamlvniua Libnl, &C., 
by Dr. I'"iilk«. Lond. 1671; I'uXp's Acts and 



Fcild 



aS6 



Feild 



Mcmuinmita; Venoin of Lailf Jditit Gtyf, t'y 
y. II. Nkvbts, Rf^.A. i information kinilly ran>- 
iniintnt«d fav Caana Eviua.) E. T. 0. 

FEILD, F.rm'AUn (lS0]-I8T«»»hop 
of NewfQUD^Un^t tVml aon of Jatniu Feilo, 
'WM born At Vf^'Kc-ntfit nn 7 Jimp 1 Wl , and. 

«flerBp«'inlin(t6oiner''i^ ' ™'l ntlt'-wd- 

ley.wcntloftugbvtt M MKll. }]•• 

tiulriculfll'yl from \V.i-. ....... ^ -.Uvp. OsfonI, 

tin ]5 Jiint? IHIM, but on obtwinitiK iin «s- 
liiliitton from Rugby mi^'MU-d tn Qiiwn'^ 
Cvlk-gu, where he gsini'd k Mich''! fcbolnr- 
aliip. He took his B.A. in iX'J^. nnd hii 
3I.A. in 1820. He lioM a Michi-1 MI..«ftlili) 
from 182.% lo 1833 nr tju«.'n*fl Colic jfo. wh««re 
lie iMtnrsd on mnthvmaticF luid history. In 
th« antumn of IfHT ho was licotiSM) trt l)iD 
car«e^ of KiJIin^iin, near Oxfatd, nnd cnm- 
meticvd his carwr of m)ttip>)prinl Bclivity, 
which onlv lerrnlnBtAl ni h\a dratb. Hera 
hf built ccnoolB, includinft school* for infftnU, 
•nd delircrwl IwjtMW* tf> hiR pimshioners on 
thL'disHirUfdjUtc'of Ihecomiirv. thiraus'-'s, 
U)<l the retncdiea. lli> was prwieutrd to the 
colU-^ living of Kn^liiih Bickn»r,Gloiice«tvT^ 
»liir>.% in IH-tJ. In thta paristi lie not onlr 
ererted nrhnoln, but rebuilt the cburrh, una 
the btDL* of bi^ {KiworH in whool miilter* nraN 
now »o wrdciy .Tp^'ad that be ht'CBme tlie 
Aral inapector of schools nndtr Ibe Nnlional 
Society fin the wimm''n(vmentof rbeirdchemn 
of in*pt;ctiou in May ISIO (Annual Reports 
of the yatwnal fiaaftyt I&40, p[k. lW-48, 
m\, pp. 101-73^. 

Hit w»n Hppoinl<?d bishop of \>>wfoiinitlRn'i 
on 22 Match Id«, with an income of l.'2Wl. 
» yvHr, mill conwcratecl at l.umbetb Pnltico 
on 2flApnl, baring ou lhcprr.*vioii8 dsybeen 
created a D.D. by n decn.-« "f the convoca- 
tion of t hf* uniri-niity of ( ►jtford. Tie Iftnded 
at St. John's, tlie i'pi«opiJ city, yu 4 July, 
and in thi" hli-FiU r-'ninn iiiwnt Ibe remaintwr 
of his life. The want of roade mndurod it 
necwSBTT to visit tho niHouN purb* of hi.« 
dioGASO by Aea, und for thin purnoiK bv made 
UM of tile Uawbe, a schooner ni only lit) ton* 
burdwi. One porlion of bi^ cbargn conRUiteil 
of tile isluiid)> of Burmuda, iwelve bnndr^d 
milwHOutb of Newfoundland,aiilao«1o which 
he went, with cr^jtit riak and laligm*, cvi-ry 
second year. Ti-row'stuoiw weather nnd fre- 
quent fogs rendered the tiavi^nl ion daiiifcrou^, 
and aeveral tini'^* bo ran gfn-at rinka of beinR 
drowned. H« Ipd a Konsiiitent lif;- of «df- 
defiia],and was n ^r*!*i siipiwrt U> bin rl«>i>[v 
in Ibeir many ImU. Th*' one flaw in his 
di&iBCter was Ibo wont of Chrislinti cbnrity 
vlitcb lie diaplayed towards tlift in' 
other dcnominatioiu. Ilv found " 
de^inim in Newfoundland and iii" m )iia 
decease fiOy, with cburcbM and parmoagva 



I miiltiplitHlin pmiiorlJou. A 
didali!-* for fhi- romi»trr wa^ 

qilKli:-K ' ' ■ ' 

and an 

■ nraCtol. I 'I.' r:iT:i.'ilrii; i.jj :>i , .t 

de«gn(>d and pan ly hiiilt, and a f 
support of the ")K»cojiate waa crmuM. 
I <-biirrb and u largo part of tbo cily 
' JohuB wore ilestroycd by tire in Junti 
I tbo iifw cntlin-lriil chnrrb wilh vi 
' on IM Sept. I""^i T" 1 i , tW..,! Kn^l 
I i«W, H53, I^ 

' 1M67 ho mar ■ ■ •Ad 

I bii< wifo }xiaii rifipbin, daii[thlur of 

Hcvait of ltnii;ihiim llo-ikurv, fiiifliill, 

' widow of the llcv. .lucob O. Mvunlnin, prTn 

Cimi of H! .Tnl:Ti'« Pnllr-^T. Ni-^-fo-iririfimJ 

lus hfii' ,T| 

Biilh-r i^ 
' was on 1^.'; A 
bishop. h>il 

own itwomf- ri(_)"/. to tu^ Ci.i.*.ljiiT<ir, 
Itixhop Ko'.ly undertook (Iw n-*|>oti(iil 
connected with the church ship aii<l l> 
tat ion voy»g\-j<(o the B>^ra]iidii<>, tliei 
inent wa.H a »plfHii'nyin(( oim mi both 
In \^^ Feild was offered the leaa labrtrioiu 
andmiin' inipnrlaiit pHi-'"" ..'' •!... i.J.i.t™^ 
of MonTrcal, tUf mf'troji i ada, 

but he refused to leave > l .. 
' Kver» climate at la^t, lAld < 
' tiou, and on 27 Oct. H*75 fi 
I eliar^> of Jit. John's Oathedral, the parii 
church, and ih" rvctory of St. Jolin's. whic 
hebnJ held for Iwi-nty voara, llnibfii ■ail'-d 
for B^'Mnada, hoping' ihnt the inor<> ^fnial 
climiittt mivhl ruaturH him In h«Killh. I'mi 
that pliiw Tie wrote to the EnrI of Oarnarvoi: 
on r> 3larch 187<t, EUtini{ hi^ intent icm of] 
sigiiinglliHbiAhtiprifonlii'fiillowinijSI Jiih 
btit li'< dit'd at. the hixhup's pj 
nnHJiiiio, Htid wa9bNri<''lintti. 
yard,aU thn rlercy of the i.<ilHii<i.^, lnl^^(■fl iii 
niiinU>T, Bttendiiip the fiincm), 

He wn»tho author of i'- *' "- — -~ ' -■ 

1. 'An Address on (lie s 
read to thoInhnbiMinTi; oi ,,.: 
gii vditioii9. '2. ' KBVcts ol 
ahowninan Addfi^sd re^'l 'o' 
atKidlinKton,'l«H. 3. ■ ■ 
ledj»- and I'raftice of 1'. 
of ^^hooW )&31. -1. Lin of oonirihiilioiiii 
to till* funds of the ditictui', wirb tli.^ ' I^ittvt 
from thf BiAboji of Newfor 
<.\mtributor9.'(>i|r, fi, 'Tht . 1!o[m 

and (Ireat Tlr ■ ^^pc^ch; ik.Seruiai: 

]e4t{. «t. '<; 1 in Hia Siint*; 

.■^Tmon,' iKtil. 7. "A l*li-« for '<■■ ■ 
Ikhnviour in lh-:> lloitan of Ond : i> 
iai». y. *Tlte Church of the Holy Ap.^j 
R St-Tinon,' 18GI. He aUo p'rintodi 



I 
I 



'CThnrcwt to the d^rpy of nermudn.' I.^IS, 
184H,lHn3,l3.',8,ljyWt,r.vr.K; thivo'Chiinp* 
lothr Cl(>rjrjT.f NVwfniindlniKl.'IKIl, IR47, 
llWl, '1 voU,; luit! 'Jniimsla of Viaitations 
to Miiainns on Ihr C'rxwM nf Newfoundlnnd 
and LnhraJar,' in 'T Le Church in iln.- t'oiw- 
nies,' \m. id. 16, 10, SI, ?o (imU-W). 

[TtickprV Mraioir of E, F*ild. Biilioji of Jipir- 
fofliirilnnd (1877). «itli jwrtrnit ; HitWb Sor- 
ar>cnnI^i>nl»<liritliLc«nt coDMwrntionof Eilviird, 
I»rj Iti«tioi> of NiMrfoiindlitad <I8U) ) Moii of 
Iballfue. 1BT6, p. S9S.] 6. 0. P, 

FEILD, JOHN (lo25-iri87), prolo-Uo- 
pvraiciia. [Sw FlELD.] 

FEILDINO. [See also Fiblsixo.] 

FEILCDfG, BASIL, seoond Eabl op 
l>Eviunn *</. 107.1). oldrtt sun of WillUm 
Feildiup , tirsc toH of Denbigh [q. t.], was 
bum bi^f'vre 160^, edumtetl ut Eiiiaianui>l 
CoI!e|2^, Cambrjd^^ cn.«U'<l n Itnt^tit of iho 
Itnth, 1 V«h. \0m, Knd xiimmonc.:! to the 
Hoiiitn nf lifmU n-t Itftrcin Fcilding of Ncwti- 
ham Faddox, \VBnvick>i)iin% 21 .MakU \Q2^ 
(IJortB, Opkial UaroiMife, i. itHMY Al first 
ne nttaHitd liim^i-lf to llit* forlanfti 'if liu 
Utu*lc the Uuke of ] lurk in ([till in. Wntton 
fclatvA that wbon BuckinKh&m was in 
dnover nfKMawiinnlion sflitr lii« rvtiirn from 
thi! Isle of !tf, Ffildinp nffi^iv-d (ft adopt hU 
iiaclo'i dn>S4 in order lo prt-E«n-e' him nt the 
riskofliui nvrn !ifi- \ IMupiirr IVoftoniamt, 
•d. !««.->, ,. ■■•>?*, T)...,M.I, BueJiiutrham'u 
inllucni I .id the niustor* 

i4iipofili I ^ HiedubeVdeatli 

prprrnU-*! bini Imni oblAinmK that nffic*', ht> 
VTMH ^naU:d * p(.-ii»)oa of a thuiiHaiid mnrlcs 
(Cal. ■■StnU I'i3i^r», Dora. lOOOI, p. "159). 
lit! ik'TTM) a cAinpiii^i in the l^vr Coiiutri(^« 
sa ■ voI<iute>.'r uiidi<r hord Wimbk-iJou, uud 
vf«a pr>>«"'nl III th" itifgv .if Buis'ltwDnf jn 
nil's <I>ALiw. Life of Hir E. C^-\l, ii. 293). 
ill' ihnt trnvi'll<-d In Oortnitiiv, ttndiMd a) 
HLm'bur)r. and wm oUVtwI by llip ICmpflror 
Ftiniinnnd II ibr ]>i>«t of (C<<ntl<?lnNn of bis 
liedcliunibiT [Hist. .\fS.S. C<mm. lib Ke\). 
p. 20;;). I In ht6 reUim IiP nutrrie*) Anns', 
oaiirhtiT of Sir Rirhunl Woetan, «irl of 
I*'»rtUnd, ninl in d4>faiira of the lioRotir of 
Ilia f.ik, r-.;i,-V>w ,>i..|),.ri»p() f;9oiw (ifiring 

f"' : rorilnnJ ec'iirmv- 

-T <ibliu^-<i to tuakt' bis 

I ' ' I'in'thficouneil board (ID ISApril 

■-'■ifr /■nprn.Dom. Iia-t-l, |\ iTi). 

'i-' wiuiBpt>ntnl'''l iimliK'inu- 

■ ■ 'o the lypiiblii? of Viinicv, 

uid ipcui ttix ■ir'Xi flvtt ywr« partly m \'i— 

oiou, partly nt Turin. Il(> app^im frini hia 

ramspotidean' to hnv- hi-'-n oflcniin-d niiite 

M mucb III tht cuUuctiuQ of n*urki iil art 




fnr thn king and olliflrs mt in diplomecy, and 
with more sacwm (JETwf. .V55. Comm. 4th 
Krp. pp. 2fi7, 25y). 

wlieu hi> rflurnud to Englaod in 1639 be 
swms to have b«wa oui of iiivour nt toiirl. 
Thf(|im'n'» fatoiir bi> lost nn supporting a 
8]MD!»li rnCbiT thnu n Frvncb nibnncc, and 
tDuufrh ih^ liinp prnmispd that he should b» 
«ttiil iMck to ^\•ni^.>, n ■ncct'ssor was ap- 
pointed iwrly in 1«43. 

Whili< his family adhemi to ih« king, 
Fnihlini^ lotik up anna for Ih^ parliament. 
He van app>iinlod lonl-Iir>iil^iuint of the 
roiinti*» of iVnliiffb and Flini. {<Wiw>n»' 
Journal*, 2i* Feb. 1642). Up raised b troop 
and commanded a rt>gioi<?nt nf hor>i> in the 
parliamcniary army, and fought at its linad 
on the ritibt win^ at Ed^^t-hiU (Pba.cock« 
Armg Lirfu, pp. 47,4!); KrstrwoBTii.-v.S).)). 
TIm! I'xaci nature of tins moUrefl which led 
him to adii|tt. thi^ miuh- of the parlinniMit it 
is dilBciilt to di«roTer. HU roolhrr, in tho 
touching l(>tl«rs of r*monj"tmnc« which Rhp 
wriiiH to him, seems to hint thai pergonal 
ntnbition was tbv osiuK [lii't. .V-'i-^. Onmit. 
4th It'n. po. 2.10, •>«)). Afttr (lie Earl of 
I^nbign's death she redoubled b«r appMla 
to hw son * to leavi- that mf rcib-«^ compaoj 

I which Willi till* di%th of hia futbt.7. Now la 
Iht.' timo that God and nature claim it from 
von. Bufbrcyi>u wrv carried kwbt br error, 

I but now il IK liidt<uiiit and mutulrous ' (lA. 

' p. 360% Tlis ainTPssion to his falheir's titi* 
inpr«njw<l Tlraihigli's importance lO th« ptr- 
bnment.andhowai^iv^n the pokt left THftfit 

, bv the death of Lord Brooke [aeo OurriLLB, 

' KohrrtI On l-J .[un« 1643 ho waa ap- 

! ]H>inted comniander-iti-tihief of the parlia- 
mentsrv forty's in the OMoeiated countiit of 
Wanrick, WorcMtwr, Stafford, and Salon, 
nnd the citi*« of Coventry and Lichflvu, 
and lord-lienionant of War^rickshirv. Two 

j dnyg tnt..>r hv received bii comiuiaeioD from 

I iSssex, and Tt'a.i nnbtred 6,0COf. for thr* •equip- 
ment of his troops (Cvmmoiu' JoumaU, id. 

I 12ft; IfUl. .V.SS\ Cmm. 4th It.-p, p. 2rtS; 

I Hchh&XD, Ortlinnwwi, fiilio, p. T21). Hin 

I command ho>tan with a dispul«> with thv 
(>nmmitte4> of aaf<>tv, nndinx br a dticlaratiifn 

[ of tbnt lody on 2 Smji(. Ift43'thnt 'nothinir 
appears to thrm that doth in any way di- 

: mininh iboir oiiiuion of hia innocrnev and 
rnithfidneft!)' (itrBBlSD, OrttiHancM, folio, p. 
305). Nt>Ti>rthvK>««, IVnbif^h did not eom- 

' niiimrt' niliv 0(H*nitioiu> till the ApriiiK of 
l(V44. I[e th<'ii CApturtNl Rushall lUll in 
S'nflordxhirr (I'll ?llay), dnfi-atiNl lbi>r(iynlist« 
ni-ar Dudley (10 June), nnd tr«-ik ()6w*'stry 
(3:! Juno liif4>. \ few days Inti-r ho per- 
•onnllvb'dthra'wauttofOh'ilmondi-b-y llousvr 
ill Cbt^iiru ( VacAKs, ai*<r> Ark, pp. L'3l», 25a, 



Feilding 



Feilding 



SrtCt; PniLurs. Cin'l H'tiriit WaUi. ii. 171- 
I8(l>. K'>r tlii^at! I'Xpluitt liii n-W'ivwl thp 
Uunks of pArliAmunt. Oariiiic ihin iwrind, 
and tbrviinno'K >1>» wtmWnf Ik-nhish^roin- 
manrl, \w. v.: ! in n lulu<r tjuwrel 

witli (lio iM 'f Warwii-kttliin! nnil 

Sliri^pAliin^. li'' ^va" acciiMyl of sllnvrru); littt 
Bnldiora U> plumli-r. jmiloct in^; n\vali*ti«, iIlv 
COiirnniiiK ">'' Wp|l-Hff«:t«J, anfl rairyini! on 
«ti»pictouN ooramiuiiraiiotis with ibr LTw<my 
{Oomvw'i' JuuriinU, lit. 004; IIi*t. MSS. 
Cbmm. full l^tj). pp. 10, 27, 34. 41). Uun- 
binli answoixi their coniptiuntH in ■ riudicn* 
lion of hin roniliK^t wliich is printed in lb« 
' JouniuU of tlie lloiiw of Lor^»,' anil on 
8*Nov. I(il4 n cv>inmitti-« of lh»l b-'idy n^ 
niirtw] tli«l 111' KV cl'-ar of KnTdinfTaction 
^Lnrtb' JifurnnU, vi. ttn'2, vii. fil ), The COtn- 
tnuiui, hovvttVtir, w-r' U-f-f favourable, und 
\nw<i on fl Nov, that l)<-nbiKb »bould not be 
«nnt \mcU to bis L-omtuund in thi'wuMciutfd 
oouniie* ( OW f'nrliitnimtnrf flUt. xiii. SSI), 
At th? iUDi>- time tbpy pasaod a reenluiiua 
tlint lio hIiouU Iw wilt to oITut ib^pBAcv pro* 
por«ttiona to tbi-kinff, find bf" Aronnlingly woa 
tilt! livsd of tilt- body of cotnmisBioncra unt 
lo 1 bf kiiiiJ in NoiiDitxT HIM ( WhITBTjOCKB, 
Mrtnonnlf, ff. 111. Ill)- His report on liU 
T^liim iHiiniittHl in I be' I>ir<i»' Journals' ( vit. 
BS) luid in lb<>'Old INLrliann^inry History' 
(xiii. 3S7), Hrt wan naioralU also fimploy>-') 
us onf of ihfl oomroiasione™ for the l.rt-aty of 
Uxbridfre in January IBlii. tin tbnt ixva- 
aioii h" biul a pivnl* interview witb Hyde, 
in wbich hi? prote«1«I lii* r«'t:n't for tbi- pari 
b« Lad |»li»y«l (ind hiAwillin|p<>AS to pf<Wm 
bis tniTV<*K«'!'siyn8, Hi? dete*>ti'd, hv »»\i\, tin" 
ilisiiinio of 'btf P*r1y ihtn in powor, nnd hiui a 
fullpru^pi'Ci nftliH vileoondiiion himsnlf and 
bJI tliu n'.ihility would ba rvdaced lo if 1.h»y 
succeeded; but the pridp of his nature, the 
Cunedoustit-^ of bi^ inirralitude lo th«< king, 
ftnd the ia'tlinct of mlf-prmwirviition. bound 
him to tbo causu of ibu parliftmiint. Nerer- 
llieless. h" loncliidrtl,' if any conjnnctnro fell 
out in which by losing bU lifu bu miifht pr«- 
Mtre thi? Vinp, In* wmild I'labraec the occa- 
sion : other-vis* he would ebiftt by b®il ho could 
rorilimwlf t *-''-* tKXTiON,/&-Ar-//i(;M,viil.2-Hi). 
Nolliintr followed these oTBPtures, and th.-y 
nroainwl m.-crM. Denbiftb wm mniin etro- 
ploy»d by thf parliann^nt to pnMoni pmpisi- 
tioi» to thu liiuu nt Hampton Court in Sep- 
temWr Ifl47,iimlat CarisbivK»I(i- inlV-wmbiT 
Ift47 ( OM VarUnmrntttiy Jli'rt. xvi. ^7, 101). 
In the qu'irrnl lii-in'««<ti lht» nrmy and llio 
porliam^'iit h^ sided with th« former, 8i(pi(<d 
thn [tfotctfts of 4 Mnrrb and II June 1647, 
and tlir i-nn^i*infiit; of 4 Aii^. 1047 to 
ltdl»H« to I-RirfaK and tlin army (lEmiRim, 
ProttvU t^ftUt LmU, i. lit, 17 ; HiNHwoimi, 



vii. 7fil>. To tbf wrr uoJ hf continued t< 
(lit in tbp ilouu! of Lyinli. Tiir i-oi 
iii«>rtmJhij(iuimi'iii the li't of roinmig 
appoinlwl to Irr tbft Vinw. '"it Ij*> i* 
to tiaro diy-lany] ' thai w' 
wt-TR plcsMul to put hi- 
nnni^, h<i vrnald choof.^ t,i !„. mm in 
rat)ii5r than have any nharo in «o infM 
husin.'Tia' lO/rf Part. JlUt. xviii, 192t. 

I>i?nbifrli was elccttsi a m''inb«T of |] 
coiin'-il iif hIsI« of the C'linmonw" ■■'■ ' 
pofii.tr'd.lilvihi' oih.»r pt-or* who w 
at the tianie time, lo taVe th" cij.!*-. 
t^^ndrr^^^^ until it wan modified. ThcTdn 
that tlifv bad lu^rved iwrliamcnt fattl 
and ircn^' witliiif; to du ao still, tber^ lieir 
uovr no |Hnvi>r but thai uf ihe Houfrir v( Vat 
mons in exiatence. Thi?y oould not , bowi^vo^j 
subscribe the rtwaifenieni tfiid'-'n-d, as Iwitii 
n>tni«f*'ptiTtt ami oontniry to what ihcv \i* 
deeidt>d A&ppDmin tkeHoUHeof L<>nL'>()i*Ft;l) 
Ittlll, fat. .Staff Pa].>n, Dam. p. 1»). ~ 
bi^h ml in the fim two (-ount'ilit of Alatn 
the CkinUDUDWtrulth. until l''vbru&ry ID'il 
Why he was not wlt-el'-d a niombiT of Ih^ 
third ia uncertain. lu Den'mbvr V^W) thi 
charifBA raised in the old quacrrrl Iwtwvvii 
Dcnbif^i ntidColoQol Purttfoyiuid tho8hrof 
shin? cummittM! were affain bniu)ibt fnrwar 
Til! wna nceuBcd of discotira^in^' thi' mnol 
activ.' adhxn-nlH "f tb« parliam<int, and pni- 
K'Ctinjr iln opponpnts, oorrwapondinc with thi 
*-a(.'my, and desi^ini; to rai>M> a third portj 
in lb'<^ kiii|zdom (/A. Dom. \RKt-H), p. 44^] 
Mrs. Gn?«n Bupg^its that Uenbi^b'^ omisfioK 
from ibo couni^il rfM due to thcw irveln 
tiunit: but these l^ha^gN bud bet-n Imiuirbl 
forward hm early as ItUS, ouil wart* wcf 
kuuwii, Mon.>OTuf, ]>-nhij[h's necoud eh^tlic 
to the coiiufil of siat-i look plaeo after theil 
revival. From H151, howerer, he swrms t( 
have cautiously and ^:rudiutLly ffonv uivt ic 
the royali.tt parly. lu the pitition whieh ' ' 
pre>»>nifd to the kini; at tho Keetomtioa I 
aMiTtii that ht' nflirrr-d to ri-<k hla forttini.'M it 
t liB kinir'a cauite when Charles came to Wc 
rwl^f, hut this jtnt^moiit IjwIoi contirm(tt>oit,| 
In liiW ihft nivftlist a^i'nia iMimlf-d i>n Ui. 
!ii|)porl. All he demanded wn» seirurily fhl 
Itfi! and estatr, and he was espri-T^d to a?ii 
Coventry for tlie kiiig (CiAHEyitox. StaH 
I'npert. "iii. 302, 3&4. 476). At the IWtora- 
tion ho claimed the bvoeuLof Iht* Aot of In 
demnity, and jmsented a pmiiion fnumv 
rating Ilia aervioos lo iho king'^ I'aiimt, and 
ankini; lo b^ ooiiKid<!n-d in lb<- diMpiwal iif 
the maslerBhip of the (treat \Tardpob^ (CM/j 
•S/a/r/'nprnr.Dotn. l*»-l.p.47(>l. Mon-I 
Dflnhii^h li cn^lil i.4 the oiory told hy hudlnv 
of hi» ivfuaal to nominatt* a vii-tim (o 
esecutiil in aattdfacuon for ib(< doatb of bij 



I 
I 



brothtr-in-liw, the Dukeflf Hamilton. Lu4- 
luw luruii bim ' » gftuaoiu mut Aitd a lover 
of his country ' {Memoin, *d. I'fil, p. 333). 
On 1* t'cb. l«>t}3-4 Denbigli wti» crMtwil B«roii 
St. Lit, phoofiiiig tliot litlt- by reaaon of his 
"Iwcvnt from tbw fsinily of Si, ]^x, hliirU "f 
NorthKRipion (rii[.T.iii>!<, iii. :^74). llo died 
on 3«i Nov. lii'd, leaving no issne, and wu 
ini£C«i-ilcd hv hi» brotlter ri'-oiyo. Dunbish 
WRitfuurtiin»>inArn'*d: fin(t,tnAnne,d«ugii- 
l«r of Kicliard Weslon, earl of Porllftnd, 
H. loMarrh IV'^i; 6Pcon*llv. I'.? Auff. l(iS9.1rt 
U«rb«n,duiigiitvrufHirJoiinLan)l(,rf,2ApriI 
IM I ; tlilrdly, about IH4t', to Elizabeth Bonr- 
rhW, dAiiatitT yf Kdwiird, fvurlh enrl of 
nAlh,[/- in70; fourUily,t<»Uo«rtby,dAUght«T 
of Francis Lone. 
r[Atnhontin quolad kIiow, and in Ihn lint np- 
1 lo WauAM Fkiu>uio, fint E^bl uv I>il'(- 
iiati.] C. U. F. 

FETLDINO, ROBERT, cillt^ Bb*o 
1>'bildiX6 (Itsr)! i^-171ij, w«» ivUtwd to U»e 
Dtfobigh funilr- In his will ho di?«cribca 
himsalf ru of l-vilding Hall, ^V'(lm'iclL^Ui^^ 
and nudia* ■ bauuut of property in Lutti-r- 
worthpambiLotcatsTBhirc. llewutttdafiiir 
inoonMH, and bvcinio notoriouH fur lit* muny 
iti]KiuraerenactJ)F<!ourt atChKrWII.wlipre 
hvwwIaiowDna'KnndsunHt Ffildinif.' Swifl, 
in liifl fVaffiseot of nutnbio^raphy, tAVa that 
Btmu FeiMJiV muTi«d Mary, only d»iit;ht(^>r 
ol Elaraliam Swift, riMonnt CarUngford (rf. 
163i),RodM)uandcredberpropt>Ry, JiuneslI 
gwe bitu a regiment, sod be i> uid to hav« 
put down 0. [irotvHtAnt riul. H» afWrwaidi ' 
married Mary, oalj daaght«r of L'lick d« i 
Bui^li. first Marniuis CUnricurd'j, und pre- | 
V(ou!>(y wLfo vfLord MtukiYTv, kilii^l at *^a , 
in l(iii», and of Ihc ^lilularj tlurd Viscount 
Purlm-k, kilK'd in a duid iu ltk''-l. I Iv liwatau 
a cnttiolio, fnlltiivi-il .laitim to Irt-lanil, and ant 
in thn IrUh [uiriianiiint if 10Hi> for Ciowimu. 
In January- hllll-*J hit wan in rarm.and Iry 
ing to obtain bin pardon, fl*- did not suowN-d 
until UtVO, wh<-o bi r»-tiirncd to Kni;)and, 
nnd xnA for a lim<> rommttted to N>-W);atit 
(liVrruiOX, Iliitvri'yil Ii'l'il"m, ii, ySO, Ti. 

IfiO, L'_>:; l?:;ni. lliswiicdiodin ICsw. Intlic 
ri' u Annv b*; bi-^anur i-oiisjiicuoiia 

ai :i , ■/_ rvUc i>f Ihi^ raliwi of I be Ituslo- 

ntioa ppnod. and i'udeavuuRKl tu nrt ri>.-vv bis 
fnrtitnna lir marriaL'i-. llr iiruima'd T/Xil. to 
u Mm. Vi(lBr-< if nlir wonbl tirin? alxnil bia 
marria^ to a Mr«. Dtdcau, a witlow nitb a 
foniui* of OO.OiXV. Mr§, VilUw, who wna 
Hw, IVlwflii'ii hnirilr<**"'r, contnvfd to dm* 
ofacrrtAin Mur% Wadawortb uiion K'-ildinj; 
iindcir Mn. I>id«auV namf. l-'cilding at tbcir 
nd iiilrTvicw fi'lcki'd & Itouiau raiholjc 
from tbo flmpcror'a imlMHadar, wbo 

ZVllI. 



iM-rformed iht; nuniagti cerpmonr Nor. 
705. il±* liad b<><*n atuiuIlanMiuiilY nuiirtin^ 
the Ducboas of Cle\-eland, ihe old tniatreaA 
of Cbarlra \i and others. Hu mniTii.->d ber 
'lit \or. I'OA. Wf: appears to hare baIli«Kl 
"r beaten both bia wivw. The first wUe, 
from snii^ or for a reward, told her stoir to 
the DuJie of Omfton.KrandBon of the l>iicucis 
of Clerelnnd. Fei!ain|^ was thereupon pro- 
»eciit«d for bif^amy at the Old Bailej* 4 Dec. 
1700. He waH convicted, aft«T trying to 
prove, by the ht'lp of a forged cntrj- in th» 
r1e6t Tvgi<tvr, tbal Mnry Wid«wo'rili was 
alrpadvtlK- wife of another man, Ilewotad- 
milt«<[ l>.> boil, having the quevn'a warront'to 
Mtinend rxocution. At tbr trial he incalltld 
'colonel' and ' major-eeoero].' Feilding i* 
Buid, in a catchpenny life uf 1707, to Iuit» 
hwn al one time, apparently nnder ('barlr« TI, 
a justice of the peace for \Veiat minster (like 
ifenry FicldingJ ; and in March 1687 Lut- 
tT«ll menlionii a Colonel Feilding aa onv of 
the MiddlcAex jn;t ices who rvqiiHted the king 
to dif>p«-n»" with thv taking the test. The 
lifu i>f I7U7 also inenlioiu among bia abaur- 
dili'jif: that he nnty * himd a eoacD, and kept 
two footiii'tn flotlMHl in yfllow,' who worp 
blor.k sash'fi mule out of old nioumiiig hat- 
baivls. Thj» ttory probably tUffgoated the 
y<-llow livt^ries of which nennr Fielding ma 
afterwards accused. In l"yySl'-ele described 
Fcitdin^ na Orlando in ibe 'Tatler' (Nos. 
SO and ijl), Ue wu aftenvatds in the Fleet, 
and, having compounded with hia creditors, 
lived wilh bi» wifo at Scotloud Yard, whoro 
he dind L2 ,M»y 1712, aged 61. HU will 
liMires a sliillin;^ apiece to his brother and 
hi" iHipht'w, b<.)tb nami>d William Ft^ililiiig^, 
KKV. to lt<imi\n catholic priana, and hiapfo- 
ppriy at Lui terwort h to his wii^,M«rv WotJa- 
wiirth. Swift, in thn fragmt-nt callml * Mt-an 
and Great Kigurea,* saya that Feilding at 
tbe age of fifty was wounded in a scuffle al a 
thunt.r«, and ahowL^d hi'« wound to make the 
ladiMcry. Heappearstobavebeenathorongh 
reprobalA, a gunhler, and n bully, Lucas 
(ays that be wa« c^xkA a( a theatre, and 
nfU-rwun!* ran a liuk-boy throngb the body. 
Two iKinmils by Lely and odv by WUoJJig 
have lio-n eiigmved, 

[BisKjricol Account of . . . that C«l»bnteJ 
Bmb. Ilandjoou FwVling, 1707 1 Tlieophilua 
LoCki's Memoir* of (iainnten (1712, pp. 2A7~ 
3iaj : I:^crlon's .Mnmuiraof Mm. OldOoia (\T%\), 
p. 'U ; Cases of Ihvorea %>r Sevonl Cauacs 
(with Bumoir or I-ViMioK ami his will), 1723- 
(pablishml by r'tirll), lloimU'a Suto Trials. 
xir. 13J*-;a : Taller (BdH-d »iy Nicholla), 1786. 
No. 54 ; Itarke's Kmtut l'««r^[ea, pp. 518, U9; 
LoJg«'* PM>ra^.i. ISA, Sarin's Wutka(tKI4)^ a 
app. p. iv, ix. 469: Orascar, iiL 409,) U S. 



Feilding 



290 



Feilding 



FEIIiDING, WILLIAM, first Eibl of ' 
Denbish (d. 1013), was tbe son of Basil 
Feilding of Xewnham Paddox ia Warwick- 
nhire. He was bom before 1582, educated at 
Emmanuel Oolleffe, Cambridge, and kaighted, : 
according to CollinB on 23 April 1803, ac- 
cording to Doyle on 4 March lti07 (Collisb, 
PMTOjf.ed. Brydges; Doyle, O^dal Baron- 
Offe). He married Susan Villiers, daughter 
of Sir George Villiers of Brookesby, Leices- 
tersbire. ' The plain country gentleman who 
had the good luck to marry Buckingham's 
sister in the days of her poverty ' found that 
tbe match had made bis fortune (Gibdineb, 
Hittory of England, iv. 276). lie became 
first deputy-master, and then master of the ■ 
great wardrobe (33 Jan. 1619, 11 Jan. 1622). 
He was created successively Baron Feilding , 
(13 Dec. 1020) and Earl of Denbigh (14 Sept. 
1622, Doxlb). He was cbarged to follow | 
the Duke of Buckingham and the Prince of 
Wales to Spain, and selected for the honour ; 
of bringing word to England when the con- I 
tract was passed {Court and Timet of Janus I, { 
ii. 402, 415). Without any experience either , 
of military or naval affairs, he was appointed ' 
to important commands. In tbe expedition to | 
Cadiz in 1625 he acted as rear-admiral, and ' 
when Cecil landed as admiral (The Vuynge ' 
to Cadiz, Camden Society, pp. 50-83). He ■ 
commanded the fleet despatched to tbe relief 
of Rocbelle in April 1628. For his failure to 
achieve success there he bad a plausible apo- 
logy to offer, but be did not make any real 
attempt to break the blockade {Cal. State , 
Papers, Dom. 1628-9, p. 100 ; FoLLEE, Ephe- 
meris Parliamentaria, 1654, p. 230). About 
tbe same time Denbigh was appointed one of 
the permanent councfl of war (15 Feb. 1628), , 
and he subsequently became a member of 1 
tbe council of Wales (12 May 1633, Dotle). ' 
In 1631 he undertook a journey to India, 1 
apparently simply from curiosity, though 1 
Lodge mentions a portrait in the inscription 
under which he is described as amlxtssador 
to tlie Sophi {Cal. State Papers, Dom. 1629- 
1631, p. 487; Lodge, Po/-(m(tt,iv. 117). lie 
continued in favour with the king even after 
the duke's death. Thanks to the influence of 
the duke, and afterwards of the king, all bis 
family made rich matches. His eldest daugh- 
ter, Mary, was married to James, marquis of 
Hamilton, though it required some years to 
reconcile tlie bridegroom to the marriage 
which was forced uponhim(Cour£ and Times 
of Charles I, i. 161, 415 ; Bdbkbt, Uves of 
the Hamiltons, ed. 1852, pp. 4, 616). His 
second daughter, Anne, married Baptist, son 
and heir to Edward, viscount Camden. His 
third daughter, Elizabeth, married Lewis 
Boyle, viscount Kinalmeaky, second son of 



Ilicbard, earl of Cork. This marriage was 
forced on the Earl of Cork by royal pressure 
{Lismore Papers, Ist ser. t. 113, llu). She 
was also created Countess of Guilford by 
Charles II iu 1660. His eldest son and suc- 
cessor, Basil [q. v.], was summoned to the 
House of Lords in 1628. His second son, 
George, who married Bridget, daughter and 
coheiress of Sir Michael Stanhope, was also 
raised to tbe peerage (1622) by the titles 
of Lord Feilding of Lecaghe and Viscount 
Callan in tbe realm of Ireland, and was sub- 
sequently created Earl of Desmond (CoLLixe). 
^\'nen the war broke out Denbigh, in spite of 
his advanced years, took up arms for tbe king 
and served as a Tolunteer in Prince Rupert's 
regiment, ' with unwearied pains and exact 
submission to discipline and order, and en- 
gaged with singular courage in all enterprises 
ofdanger*(Ci.A.KEKSoy,i£efo//(bn,vii.33). In 
Rupert'sattack on Birmingham,3 April 1043, 
Denbigh was dangerously woundeaand died 
on 8 April {Mercurius Aulicu*,5 and 15 April 
1643). He was buried at Monk's Kirby in 
Warwickshire (Collins). His brother. Lieu- 
tenant-colonel Edward Feilding, who also 
sen'ed in the king's army, was killed at the 
second battle of ^ewbury (Peshaxl, Oxford, 
App.p.U). 

The Countess of Denbigh survived her bus- 
hand's death many years. As first lady of the 
bedchamber she followed Henrietta Maria 
first to Oxford and then to Paris. While in 
France she became a Roman catholic, and in 
105 1 the council of state ordered the seques- 
tration of all her property in England on tbe 
ground tliat she had lately turned papist and 
was active in designs against the state {Cal. 
State Papers, Dom. 1651, pp. 149,288). She 
was the patron of Crashaw, who dedicated 
his sacred ]Kicms to her, ' in hearty acknow- 
ledgement of his immortal obligation to her 
goodness and charity,' and addressed to her 
a poem ' persuading her ... to render herself 
without further delay into tbe communion 
of tbe catholic church' (Chasiiaw, Poems, ed, 
1858, pp. 141, 146). 

A portrait of the Earl of Denbigh by A'an- 
dyck was No. 100 in the \'andycl£ exhi- 
bition of 1887, and those of the Duchess of 
Hamilton and Lady Kinalmeaky were Xos. 
67 and 106 in the same collection. An en- 
graving from another version of Vandyek's 
portrait of Denbigh is given in Lodge's ' Por- 
traits.' 

[Collins's Peerage of England, od. Brydjfes ; 
Doyle's Official Baronage of Knglnnt), i. 538 : 
Rushworth's Historical Oolleclions ; Hintorieul 
Manuscripts Commission, 4th Rep. ; Lodge's Por- 
traits of Illostrions Persons, ed, 1860, iv. 113- 
119; Gardiner's Hist, of England.] C. H. F. 



Feinaigle 



291 



Felix 



p 




I 



FEINAIOLB, OUKfiim vos (176S?- 
lAI9),ianc-Qiom£t,bora&t llulen about 17tiA, 
vtiil«l I'ari* in 1606, anil dcliver«d public 
lecinnf on local luul diabolical mcniDry, 
vliicli he ■Jettribi'd att a ' new syitetn oToidi^ 
uonira nndnu>tIirKlic«.' HewssaccompHiuod 
hr m y*>anK d"^'! «')><> nctiffl a>t inUTpn*U)r. 
<?iiiint Ar^fUemich, thf> Aturtrian amba&radnr, 
awl bin ic-crvlarifts fuUawed the wholf counw 
of Wliin-*, nni) Upriltf in tii^^lilv Inu(l«tr)r3r 
terms of tliA AyttUini, whirl), rhnngb novnl in 
it« applirationn, wiui founded on thp lopicnl 
TO'! ■ ■ 'mcirtitfl,n*dc«cTil»dbyCi<Tcn) 

ail' ill. Ki-iiiaigW wan expoteil to 

midi 'Lriiu'isRi find sarrasm In the pn.>&«, and 
■WHS ridicule oa lb'- sUffi- bv Dioulaf'jy in a 
farcn called '!>« QUca de mfmoire, ou \o 
SlnfmomeU'.' By way of reply he garo ou 
H7 Ktib. 1807 A piildic "\hibilion to an niidi> 
floct! of ab^ut iwo thoiuuind pereons. Ho did 
not bimw-lf appear, biH wan repres«>it«I by 
twplre or fiu/'en of his pnpiH, who i^vi' 
illiistrstionft of bis art. Afterwards be weal 
on ft I'-cturiri^ lour through variouA nartt of 
l'n)n(^>. 1'^Ht in l**!! hucame to Kngknd 
and delivered l^tureit nt the Koval Iiutitu- 
tion aud the 3iirr»y Iiijitituliou m Lftndon ; 
at Iir«rpool, I'!<Iiiil)urgh, and filawgow. 
fee for attendt»(r a Miurw of fiftwn or 
WKti-*nofbi« h-ctnivswaaC/. G».,andthi»«um 
wa.^ paid by crowds of pupils, for l'Vinaig;Ie 
tnadv H mystery of ibe details of bis method, 
and WM in conw^iutiiec di-nouncrtl in Mymc 
4]iian»rj m an iiupotlor. J]c ^ined, how- 
rxvT. ninny devoted ndhercnt.i. The IteT. 
IVier Ikinrj [n. r.J, afterwai^ bioliop uf 
8ipa, iutroduc^ hi^i jiyatem of mnemonica 
nod also hLi jtencnl plan of edncation into 
the n«i«Uctuiacol]cKVi>f AmpbiforthrVorlt- 
ahir», and a AOrii^y of (i^iitlenien founded a 
»chi>jl rifwr Mountjoy Square, Dublin, wbicb 
waa plaeM Miid<-r Feinaigle')! [.Hir»onal ouprr- 
int<mil(>nco and ooridurlod on hia priociplea. 
Jlo dint in Ilublin on 27 Dec. I8|(>. 

'rill- mofii rompletc e.iTKwitinn of his «y8- 
t«n i* contained in 'The > ew Art of Memory, 
Ibundi'd npon the principles taufjht by M. 
Onvnr von KxinfiiKle, and applitHj to (."bro- 
il' r :rv,C(eO)^phy, Languafu.Syv 
l'-i=, Toftry. I'roee, and AJith- 
kUi-. Ill wbioh ia ailded anme acroiint of 
Iha principal ]i5*st<>]n9 of aniltcial mvmury, 
Ifir' ■' 'liiji iH-noal totbi! tiTvuent lime ; 
wii i > of ihe t'^raoniinarj- jwwcra 

nf I... iiieniory,' London. IHiL'. Ilimo; 

Sad and ;iril fditi^inv. vrilh nmrn-miiK addi- 
tions, am) api'Mrail of I'V-iii6i;!ti\ 1>'I.'J. Jnhn 
Millard, a*^is(nn( liltrarran !■• theSiirrey In- 
•tttutinn, vra* live rdiior of thif work, ma tho 
|tr<.>N-til wrili-r w*» informnl hv tliclal*- Uev. 
Tfaamaa Haitwv-il Home, who was UilhirdV 




brorhei^in-law, and who nwisted him in 
taking notes of Ftiiuaigle's lectures. The fol- 
lowing treat i.«_-s on the system alaoappeaxAd : 
' NotiiM 3ur la Mu^Smoaiquu, ou I'art d'udcr 
ct do lixvrUM6moireentoutf;enred'£lud»i, 
de ftciencvs, ou d'ufliurat!, par Grfigoint da 
Feinai^lf,' Paris, 1^1)0, 8vo; and 'M nemo* 
nik odcT pmktische CtedAchlniitakunat tum 
dc'lbfftuntqiTicht nacb dva Vurlt»ungf^n dea 
Uerrn vun I'einaigle,' I'rankforL-on-thiyMain, 

[Nov Art of Xtmory. t>t edit. pp. 33£-40; 
Bivg. Diet, ot LlTinf; AnthoR), p. 36d ; Bio^. 
nouvHlo dcs r«nifim[«)raiDa (Piiri>i, 1822). rii, 
07; Monliily UtvUvr, Hxu M; Qitanerly H«- 
riew. ix. ii&i Bivg, UnirtrrsoUo (.Mictiaud); 
Notes and Qunrica, 3ni sir. i. 16!); I^oadoa ami 
Ilobliii OrtiiodijK .loumiil, i. S7 ; Byron'* IXu 
JuaQ, eatito i. staBia xi. ; Sogert's Tablo-tulk, 
p. 42 : Oeat. Maff. tdI. UixL pt. 1. p. 381, vol. 
ic pL i, p. 87.] T. 0. 

FELIX, SiisT (rf. ftt7 ?), bifOiop of Dtm- 
wicb, wax liom and ordained in UiiT^iindy, 
wh«niv h« camo to Ktigland inspired by a 
deairt; for niissioiury work, llo »out;lit IIo- 
norius. arcbbuhop of Canterbury, and told 
him bit desire, whcmon Uonorius ennl him to 
Kaijt Anglin, having previoiuly conitvcntMl 
him to bu Inidiop of tlutt people. Chriati- 
anitv wait not vl (irmlr t^stnbhslirid in Ea»t. 
An^ia. when> King lUdwald had rencivad 
tlm faith in oWdiencv to the wish of thii 
king of Ki>nt, hut had afVerwanU rclnp«cd 
into pagHQtsui. Uis BUcceMor, Eorpwald, 
wa* oonvMl^d, but wa« assaMinnloa soon 
afterv.'anlB, and thera was a pogau roAClion, 
in whic-h bis brother Sigebert lied into Uaul, 
whetieo ho rtilunibd and was called to iha 
kingdom in 631. It was to hvlp ibe pious 
eUbna of Sigebert that Felis was ftcnt, proba- 
bly soon after the king's acceasiuu. Bfcda 
(Ifixt. JdvUn, iL IR) lella tia Ihnt I'^lix pr^ 
sided over bis oee forwrenteen ycon, ra iniu. 
vrn may aaaign hia episcopate to 1131-47. In 
oh^ditMicw to the wishes of Kinjr fiigi'bert ho 
fixed his seat at Dunwich. Much of tliv obi 
town has niiw heeo ST\*ept awny by the inroads 
of th» sea, hut it was then the chief svnpott 
on the Eaat-Angtian coast, and the most 
central pUcti fur communicutiouK ioUnd. 
Felix showed himaelf an excellent mianiooarj, 
and under him and i^igebert tho coaTasioa 
of the Kasl-Anglos rapidly nrospcnsl. Sigv- 
bert had st>en enongh of tne civilisation of 
Gaul to syupathisv with th^ desin* of Felix 
to can for education, and a school was 
founded and supplied with teadiere from 
Kent. Local tnulition iixet- the site of tbia 
school at Saliam-Toney in Norfolk ; but in a 
Inter lime Ibo mention of an Kast-Anglinn 
school was wized upoo b« no argument la 

OS 



Felix 



292 



Fell 



prove the superior antiquity of tUe university 
of Cambridge to that of Oxford. Coacem- 
ing the rest of the activity of Felix we do not 
know much. He was helped by the coming 
of an Irish monk Fursey, who introduced 
monosticlife, of whicbSigebert was BO smitten 
that he resigned his crown to enter a monas- 
tery. Under his successor Egric East Anglia 
was invaded by the heathen Penda ; but in 
spite of this disaster the progress of Chris- 
tianity in East Anglia was zealously furthered 
by the next king, Ajina, and Felix ended his 
days in peace. 

Felix was counted as an English saint, 
and his festival was fixed on 8 March. Tra- 
dition connects Felix with the monastery of 
Ely, which was founded by King Anna's 
daughter, Etheldreda, but not till 673. Ac- 
cording to the ' Liber Eliensis,' Felix founded 
a monastery at Soham, near Ely, and thither 
his remains were translated a few years after 
his death; thence, during the time of the 
Danish invasions, they were transferred to 
Ramsey. Churches were dedicated to him, 
and his name remains in Felixstowe in Suf- 
folk and Feliskirk in Yorkshire. 

[Bfeds HIsLEccIm. ii. 15, iii. 18, 20 ; Malmn- 
bury, Gest.Font. ii. 71, iv. 181 ; Acta Sauctoram 
for Uarch 8. Beally there is nothing added by 
Inter writers to the acconut given in Baeda. 
There is a life by Dr. Stubbs in the Diet. Christian 
Biog., and by Jesaopp, Diocesan Hist, of Nor- 
wicli.] M. C. 

FELIX, JOIIX (Jl. 1498), a Benedictine 
monk, belonging to St. Peter's Monastery, 
Westminster, lived about the middle of the 
reign of Henry VII ; the only record of him 
that remains ia a short manuscript life he 
wrote of John Estney, abbot of Westminster, 
1474-98,and some doggerel Latin verses upon 
the )>nme abbot, setting forth Ids benefactions 
to the church of Westminster, 

[Cott. MS. Claud. A. viii. ff, 64, fift ; Tanner's 
Bibliotheca.] E. T. B. 

FELL, CHARLES, D.D. (1687-1763), 
cotholic divine, bom in England in 1687, was 
of French extraction, his real name being 
Umfreville. After studying philosophy and 
divinity at the communnu/^ of Monsieur Du- 
vieux he was sent to St. Gregory's seminary at 
Parisin 1706. In thefoUowingyearhewent 
to Douay to learn English and to complete his 
course of school divinity. In 1709 he re- 
turned to Paris, and in 171Swas ordained 
priest. Ho was created D.D. in 1716. After 
coming on the English mission he resided 
principally in London, where he devoted his 
leisure time to the compilation of ' The Lives 
ofSaints; collected fromAuthentick Records 
of Church History. With a full Account of 



the other Festivals throughout thejyear. To 
which is prefixed a Treatise on the Move- 
able Feasts and Fasts of the Church ' (anon.), 
4 vols. London, 1729, 4to; 2nd edit. 4 vols. 
London, 1760, 4to. Dr. Robert Witham of 
Douay wrote observations on this work, andl 
denounced it at Rome, his principal complaint 
being that Fell had taken his ' Lives ' cVefly 
from Bachlet, and had recorded few miracles. 
Witham'a manuscript was formerly in the 
library of the English College at Rome. Thft 
publication of the 'Lives ' involved Fell is 
such pecuniary difBculties that when he was 
required to give a statement of his accounts 
of the clergy property, for which he was the 
admimstratorm London, he was found toowe 
1,272/. Of this sum he was unable to pay 
more than tenpence in the pound in 1731. 
In the following year his irregular electioD 
as a member of tne chapter gave rise to much 
contention, and to some publications. The 
case was decided against him on appeal. He 
died in Gray'a Inn on 22 Oct. 1763. 

[Kirk's Biogmphicnl Collections, manuscript 
cit«d in Gillow's Bibl. Diet, of the English Catho- 
lics.] T. C. 

FELL, HENRY (Jl. 1072), quaker, wa* 
a member of one of the numerous Lancashire 
families bearing his surname. The first men- 
tion of him is in 1656 as sufiering much from 
the magistrates in Essex, and in the same 
year he went as a missionary to the West 
Indies, where he remained about a year. 
After his return to England he was en- 
gaged as a travelling preacher, and is referred 
to by his contemporaries as having been 
eloquent and successful. In 1669 he was 
seriously illtreated by some soldiers near 
Westminster Hall, and in 1660 Richard 
Hubberthome, the quaker, represented to 
Charles II that at 'Thetford, ^o^folk, Fell 
had been hauled out of a meeting, and, after 
being whipped, turned out of the town, and 
passed as a vagabond from parish to parish 
to Lancashire. In a letter to Margaret Fell 
{Swarthmore MSS.) Fell states that he was 
imprisoned for some time at Thetford. H« 
was in London during the rising of the Fifth- 
monarchy men in this year, and was knocked 
down by the soldiers as a rioter, and Fox 
(Journal, p. 314, ed. 17615) says he would 
nave been killed but for the interposition of 
the Duke of York. In 1661 he was ' moved,' 
in company with John Stubbs, to promul- 
gate his views in ' foreign parts, especially 
to Prester John's country and China. As no 
shipmasters would carrv them, the quakers 
got a warrant from the ^ng, which the East 
India Company found means to avoid. They 
then vent to Holland, and, being unable to 



p 




olituin Bhinpin^ there, proceeded to Alexsa- 
drn. TIht Ktt|ili>'ti cutifiul buniitbiHl lliem frotn 
tfae pliuv Ail imiHitnraa, fin<l they vrtm cmn- 
|>vll<Al to retura to EDgland. Ai\er speml- 
to^Mmo time iDri3li|noii«j<Miniev»,bo ngain 
suited the West luoini and a letter in the 
fihacklcton collection stntes that in 1672 he 
xna Uvioe in Bnrhtdoe^, llial liu wnn lou-- 
Dvi. ill debt^ and much (Iepreft*«<]. IVolhiiig 
mopo is known of hi« life. Fell was a man 
of highly dvvuUunal Kpirtt. and full uf hvxiv- 
To]«iice and wiuragii. lli» f*w and brii^f 
writinpt allow him to Uavo recetveai an edu- 
caliiin kIkivo l.hi> avFrnf^e ; thiiir Mtvlt; i* gtiod, 
and the langiinge w<>tl chosen, tie wmrf : 
1. 'An Alarum of Truth »oiindmi forth to 
«he Nalionn." iic. UMX). 2. 'To Chariiw, 
Kini;orEiit;lnnd..ScotlaDd,andliviand,froin 
vJko u in prison, a Sufft-'ivr for tho Tctti- 
Consriwiw.' &c., leOO. 3. 'A 
I or Beclaration akowinff the 
OrigiittlltooInudlUecorPersMUtwUi'lOOL 

[Bowdvn'i Hilt, of tba Friends in Amsrica, 
i. 37; I'os'a Journal. «>1. ITCJ, pp. Sll. 331 ; 
IteMo'aSufrann^or lli(iQ(iiikrrs,i. 103; .Sgwol'it 
IGaL of tliB R>so. &c.. ii. 2IS ; Webb* FcUa of 
Svuthaiore: Hsiiib'a Cat. of Ffiendi' IktoluJ 

A. C. B. 

FBLL, JOHN.D.D. (1826-1686), dwn of 
ChriatCtmrrliand bisliopof Oxford, ann of Dr. 
Saniupl Fell '^u. t,], dean of C'Imst Church, 
and Mar)|^rei,dauctitfrofThoai««Wyld,CiM|., 
of ^^'o^<:eRt«r,was (K>rD aiSnuuiugwell.near 
AUnj;don ^accordiii|{ to Wood), or, aa is 
ntore probuulo, at L^iii^'orth in Ucrkahire 

ia4alatm]onhiBinonunienL),onl2^JunelO!i5. 
liaoducatiun wiv^bo^un ul I he fnx- Miliuu) of 
TbauMT, Uxt'>ird«hirf, bul tit I Lt^ vi^rr wirlr luv 
ef clevon kn Mism madi^ a aliidcnl of t'lirut 
Cbtirch.oa the nominalioD of Lis father, difin 
oftliatMM:ictyfrT>in l(t38to lllJ7. In l(U.1hr> 
tookhiE degree nf.M .A, At that tini«? he was 
nlreuily in lums for the king in t \w Oxford sar- 
riwin, and waj* soon promol<^ to thi' miiK of 
' Of th* hundred students of Christ 
I,' uya Walkvr, 'no Imm than twenty 
werenfliceraintlieoorvirK.ond tliert«t,aliDO«t 
to ■ man. boro krms.' L'ndcr thesf? circuni- 
•tancet ili« an^ur of llir [Ntrlianiviitur}' viKi- 
lora was ccrrtain to litftit on him, G^tpKiitlly 
IB Ilia btlifr. Dr. Samunl Fell, hud been 
hrOUgfaoul tho IcadiT "f x\w opptnilion 1o 
h" p"-'--*" "nf, Jolin FellwuejecltHl from 
hi*' I'lllMSI. Cuoo his ejectment. 

^ ■ -'"•-'I in 1&I7, bo BMOciittrd 

ilf " ', Allo«>tni?,nndt)iat liitlo 

of cl ^ , throiittli mII tbi- time of 

lonwi'fllih, com rivtvl to kwp up tlw 
the ciiiiri-li iif Kii)ilnnd iu Oxford, 
livpil in (I liniiff.i .pii.i.i!c Mi-rtonOollogB, 
thLTi* (Im utvn III' tbf cburvlt, Tvduc<:<d, as 




' Erclyu »ay)),*toac)iuinbrrand a conrentjcle,' 
wiirecnnjitanlly cwI"brattHl by liim. Thtitbold 
ptirsistnnry naturally Wl Co Foll'ti immediate 
im^OTotiwa on the Iteslomtion. On iT July 
IfiOOhp wa,* mnde canon of C'hri*l Churcli, in 
place of Kalph But ton [q. v. J,ejt;cled. In four 
montUft'timchetucc^ilL-d Dr.Morloyasdcao 
( '10 Nov. 1(100). He wu ulsu anptnntiHl chap- 
lain to the king, and created DA), by tho 
university. Somcof thft^JRCtcdstadentAhad 
ftlri.'Bdy been re»ton.-d by Dr. .Morlcy. Fell 
hoat^ncd to <^)mpI<.■t« the work, and quickly 
diDtuisH'dall whu liiid obtained eutianct; into 
t!ii'«K^ii'ty byirnf^ulBrmuin-t. 'Hii-n- appi'am 
to have heen still Homewhat of a puritanical 
li-HV<rn in the colk-go, an it i« wiid by Wood 
that the nr)^n and aurplice were much dis- 
liked. The d«aii, however, was resolute to 
exact full confortniry. TnS.'pteml)crl(WBFcll 
eutertaineil Chariwt K, thi' (]ue<-n,and many 
courtiers at Christ Church, and prc&chcd id 
tlie royal pn«cue«. 

At the time of Fell's accession the DOrlkeni 
sidv uf Wulsfy's \^iH (juiidninclv lay in a 
ruinous Hi att>. l>r. iiiuuu-l Full bail be^un to 
build, but the work had Iieon interrupted by 
tliri reWIIion, and the linilx-r and mnlr.riaU 
had been carried away. John Fell i mmedint ely 
undertook the wore, and conatnictwl then* 
lioiuk'--« for I wo (>Anoui. Ilr then t umed hU at- 
tention lo the chaplains' quuJnin/le, whicli 
bad bvL-n partially destroyed by a arent fir<>. 
Tbid hv rubiiilt, and construciod the orchMl 
passagH kadiuK into the mendow. In IB74 
Qfl oonpleted tll« lodginj^ uf thu canon of tlu) 
third atall betweim Toni und Peckwalor i|un- 
dnwglea. llislaiit^nvnl buitdingworkwo^ta 
Ivor MiOslntidylowirruviT tin- priiifipsl gate- 
way, to which 111* trjusff-rrt-d tin- gti-nt Itidl, 
known as Greoi Tom of Christ Church, after 
Imvinghail it recast iM'T<rraltiun'i«.Thi)ibeli!ii»d 
heenpreviouMy in llut towttr of the catbt:dnil 
chimin. It was now made to sem> a collt!<i!iali« 
purpose, being tolled eTer>- nifrbt at nine 
o*clockto\\arn tlH!»[udi.<uts to return to their 
rooms. It woA tirat used for this purpoM on 
i!9 May lO^^I. Full wae mo«t seduioua in at- 
tending (olhcdi-vipline and educational work 
ofhigcuUegL*. His fnibit was to vioic iherooua 
of Ihr young nobK-mi-n niid i^mllirmen com- 
moners, and himself to cxamint; t hem in thi.'ir 
studies. Kviry year In- pn>riin/d the publi- 
cation of some chi.v<ical autlior, prcsentii^ 
*.-ncli member of the collegv witu a copy. 
He altcndi'd divint^ M-rvico regularly four 
tiUD's » day. 'Hewii4 the rao<^i zealous man 
of hiH timn for the church ol Fnji-Iaud,' saya 
Wood; 'and none ihat 1 ynt know of did so 
l>KTiind Iiim in the [M:-rformiini-«t uf the nuM 
belonging ihcrrto.' A» to Fell's aermona m 
curious rvmark ia madv by Evulyn, who heard 



Fell 



394 



Fell 



hitn pmcb Iwforv the kin^ 'a wrv fumal 
ducouM^, «ncl in blntik tvok, nccordmf; to hts 
mannor.' tell wss vicc^liaucellor of Oxford 
in 1666, tbc next two yetn, and part of 
1009. ud be MC bitDscir \'> brin^ back tbe 
uaiveratty to th« ttate in wlticli it biid been 
in tbu dmn of Laud. H« ripitUv enforced 
tb« u«e or tb« proMr aciiilniiiical clnrw. H<* 
refonned iIh? RctiooiH,andftUendedp(>nu>iiall_v 
at ezimiiuitiuti>i for il<>grc«6, and when the 
ftxamincrii wen- lin iir iticitjub'.i* wnnlil jwrw 
sonallycatiducttbep-xaminntinn. All luiintprs 
of iirtj» l"r incoptorel wene still bound to 
leetUK publicly ; but. th«^ nudtcn(%M nt tbciw 
l«tun*g wvrw so vmull thai tbi>y wvrfi com- 
mnnly cnll<'d ' wnll Wt urejt,' as being ad- 
dreued to ban? walls. I-VII causvd ibo «tu- 
denta to attond, and wu lutn^lf con»tanlIy 
pment hi thedii>j>utationE for lb<;*hii;her dp- 
pees. Tho fafrt ofthi' di«{ititnt.iiiiiH luring lii-ld 
mSl. Mary's Church ivim diatiLxtefiil tn ViAVi 
revtsnntM kU-m, and it was chiefly tbroiiffh 
bia influence that Archbishop Sheldon ercetod 
the fine bmldtne- wkicb bean hia iuuD« to be 
the plae>? for holding; tbo ' acta,* 

Fell did niHcbforthel.'nivcrsityPrcss. ll« 
imprtiVBcl the sty leaf printing inOxfurU. A 
letter which hv wrote on Ihir ciibjuri to San- 
croft apueiarfiinOulch'ii'C'itlWtjinrKC'uno'n,' 
i. 260. llo wiui nuwt liberal in dispenaingbvs 
tuunry for public purpo«e«, acjinotiniM leaTiOf; 
himaciralmnsi. vrithniit fundnfor hi* private 
vxpt'n«"«, II<> EnviffrwM instruction to Philip 
IIonr\'ftnd other poor !wihnlftr«(7j/rn^7/r«irv. 
4tL eci. pp. 1';,' 3). was the patron of John Mill 
tbi>bihlirnUcliolar,nndfmploy>-<lJolHiltntttf 
ley fq. v.j in coUatiii^; iuumi>ii;ri(>ti<. William 
NtclioU v.-a« ]m nmii.ii\i<.'iWis fur aevi-ti vi-on 
(SUiMiSK. C'^Uivf. wl. Il.jTil... ii.iWO). fjinR- 
hninp lent him book* (fV.. p. 109). IK'urnu 
din«il with bint at tho dcaii(<rr anre n w>H-k, 
and fthowt-d great rf*p(.'ct for him and bia 
learning (I'A. p. 7lil. Hunipliiyv Pri(!i?aux 
ym u epVL-ial rnuud, ntid b'^lpud )iini wilb a 
projeotrtl edition of 'Florus" (cf it/* of 
Pndeauj; and pRiOEiix'a T^tltm ta John 
JitiiA- Henry Tloilwell the oUler undertook 
bis ' Diw^rTat inna annn St. Cyprian' at FeU'a 
Kiit^cMtion, and I'eU bad IIj? Ilodlmu MlifS. 
of St. Ati|^»tint'a works cotlalcil for th« aaa 
of the B«iiwlictiac* of Paris, who wt>re pn> 
parinf^ a new edition. 11* also nmj<tf:ti'<l the 
priming of a Malay g>K=pul. Among other 
coatly Kcbt-miu he •■iiii>toyi*d two scbolam to 
tmnAlaro Wood's ' Iliitorv of Oxford ' into 
].atiri (l«rj). Wwxl compUiued of FeH's 
■taking rn hitnnclf lib«*rtT of putting in and 
out wveral things according to hbownjiidfi- 
nifnt,' and of tli« ^rrorB made by ihf trans- 
lators, an opinion borne out by Ilonri' Whar- 
ton. The ' Renim Angiicanun ^siriptonia 



Vft#re»'(1684 9l)wtt8 Iwgon by Wtlliam 
Fulman [q. r.] nnderl-Vira |»'it- — ■■- '■ 
tbcr aemoesto literntnre art < r 

by Dr.Tho«ia«Sinith in prcfaci 
and hi»cditi(>B of Camden's' Kpi^loll1■,' Irttl 
la lU7fi Fell'ii maiiirnM iBliouM wer^ io- 
crea&cd by bi« promotion tuthi? eci of Oxford,! 
in aiicovMioii to IV. Ht-iiry CiMiiptun, it 
IfttoJ lol^jmlim. llf was .illow-^d loh'r* 
ileani'ry in n.nnw^'ietm M'ilh bis \i\fMt 
and ik]«> Ihn nuuli'mliip of 8t. OmwrU'i ! 

[lital at Olouc-At«r. Wp. \r said to bai 
>een op|>o»«>I to th« Hxctii«inn nin,nlihniigli| 
his attitude luwnied dnbiou* to hi-' fri'-nJ 
( IlBARSS, ii. 300). On Nov. li>44 thtf ICarl 
of Sundorland wrote to Fell urging biru tc 
expel tnm. Christ Chun-b John l»c!<o, >hr 
a student there. Loeke and Fell hn^l tH>ri| 
very goml friends in early days. lu lljrS 
I>K-.ke had Irft for Holland, on arcount, it ' 
said, of fnilinif health, but \w was at tbe titB>i 
■unpiTCto'l of (>ping author of a pampIdH iil 
noxious to the go\'emin<'nt. Fell now repUc 
(8 Nor.) that Lockt-'s eooduct bad been 
except ionabl I- , butthat be wotiM i^'ni- i -mn- 
niotiA onh'ring him to return t 
by 1 Jan. KV^-i, nnd if he dic(>l< 
b» dtHinissnl for contuuacy. J>ut on 1 1 Nov. 
Jniuiti II diffot.tl 1-Vll to exm-l Ltiekc at^ 
oncp: and with this order thi! bifhop imntr 
diatrly cuinplitHl (Fox,</iiiw //, .\p)ii-ndtxi 

483-6). In 1685 bv summorii-d the und«t 
grailiial^A of OxfonI to take up anns againi 
Monmouib. 

Burnet speaks highly of Fi'll's work as 
bishop, aiKlde.'^L-rihcit him m 'a inoil I'^eia- 
plary man, but a tittle too much heated mlhn 
matter of our di<rputes with the di»:*fWIeni.1 

\Vt>od speaks of bun much nion> ^n^ H' 

a bi«hop tbhn bi> did a? dvan. \'<i 
former noticv was wri'teii after bv ! . . . 
olVendi-ii by ibi' alli-ralions of hta • IlUt^iry.^ 
'Ho left b^^bindbim,' hr-suys. ' tbi-cli irin-ti* 
of a mMf Tult ptirsnti, who, hv hi- 
aC and nndpnaking too manv ulTair- 
lo the public ( few of whien hw lh..n.| 
effect^'*!), brought bim iiminiiily to bin i 
His principiilu'ork ba biahnji was the rKbim 
ing of the epiicopal liouM at Cuddi-^on. 
F<;n died 10 July \ma. worn ont by tb 
multiplicity of his labours, and wi» burir 
in the cathedral of Christ Cbiireli, «rhnn< 
mnnonir'nt\vitlia|ongin«in-i|>(ion n-oonbiib 
chief events of bis Iifi-. Evelyn, reeordin 
liis death, sikmIoi of it us an ' nxtrnurdinar 
loaa to thi' imor church nt this time," Fell! 
was itnown to be one of the stauncbest i 
pon^nt^i nf pojii-rT. 

Tbungh living so biiFy a lift, Fell was abl< 
to puhliab some valuable works. Tfa« 



of these were *TbH InU-n-t^l of Kngluul 

S<>t«d,' &C-, pul)li«bii] in ItiW; ' Tlor Lifti 

of I^r. Ttfnry Hunmond,' pnblbbud in 16ttl 

and reprinU-d in li>62; '(.inimmaticii Ha- 

; tioni* t\vo IiiMitut(onc« I^o^icno' (Chtfonl, 

167^ and ICSfi); ■ The Vanity of Scotfiog, in 

I a Li-tter to a Gentlt-tnan,' 1674 ; ' Life of Dr. 

AlliMirM,-,'prufUi.'dtoiuioiliiioatjfliis9cnuoiis 

klQM). lie «1m prepared for llie pn<s8 worka 

of Aleinotu on Plato f 1667), of Athonieoraa 

(lOt^), of Clumciu Alt'iiftiKlriiJiks ii(m), of 

t KommiuJi of Kntnut (107 ) ),anii of Tneopliilus 

'of Anlioch (IGS^^. Ilia itlition ul* j\Tatiis 

I aofl Krnt>«tli*n>>» (OnfoM, HJry) i,i still verj- 

I vftluablA ; liut lii!> |^>t critical editiuo of tliia 

ivorln of Cyprisn (Oxford, l»i82) is hu moel 

[remarkabk puUi«ation. Bisliop Pt>nrMn, for 

j vtio»u«tlaitinifiiutVllexpreMod theliiKli^^t' 

i rt-|nirdi aidnl bim with suggestions, itnd he 

fitipluvi.\i WillJmu NicboLii, John MassCT, 

I arttTwanlfldnauofCbrist Church, John Mill, 

•ad Dr. Uurtoa la collatius tuuiuscript«. 

iTaswell (AutMoy. Camd. Snc. p.'JH) aUo 

helped him. Jean Le Clerc givvm tbi> book 

nnstintad prai«e in bts ' Biblinilit-Kjtic irni- 

vent'lle,' sii. 20H. Fell \n^-aed an Enfilish 

Uuulation of ' Cj-prian oa the I'nity of tb.r 

Church' (llftl). lie it **iil to bav« alsn 

nliiod 'A I*aniphni>e anJ Annotations upon 

thi- Kpistlfes of St. I'aul ' (l(t76, l(k>l, 1HK'>, 

Mid I»&2),wbiclt iji often tiuoted as'l-'t'llV 

>phruM.' Hnl Obediab W'alker seems to 

fiKt wntt«n tht* lHX>k with tbu a^iel- 

of Abruhani Woudlii-ad aitd iticlianl 

Ailf^irM, and if Fell af^i^t-d at all, be only 

' r'lrn'tlfld and improTwl ' it for thi? piww. 

Hifihnp JarolMinn, itx latest, editor, dinpuUtd 

Icll'sUiare ia it altoe«tber. Prideaiix (£<>>, 

pp. l7-li>}tlKiU|iht that Fell niui thi; ntithor 

ot • It^anntu of the Decay of ChriRtian Pi^'iT," 

atlriliiiicd to the unknown author of 'Tlie 

Vhi'l-.' IlutTof Man,'ai]dpublish(?tl with h'u 

'wr Iracta iu 17&I. In 170<5 tb« uianu- 

ipl of this work oamo into the Itodleian 

ibrvr^TiUidDr. Aldrich waaof upiuion Ibat 

. waa Doini-d b_v F<'ll 'with adisguiitedhand.' 

lUi'amt- dotectttd Fell'e handwriting lo Bome 

ahimiiiino nn thp litK'-pagfl (OaUect. i. '2M, 

StK" I. Fttll waa obvimwly in the aocret of the 

aulborihip of th« 'Wliole Duly.' Ileame 

IwlIi'Vtil that that and other wonu duming 

1(1 h<> t>y thvauoe band came from acommiltee 

wh»cbl''el]wa<amcnibcr, ButFclldct^linc^ 

■noeewiona to admit hiflcompUt^itv (i^. ii. 

B-SOO). Ue edilei! I bf ' Ijaiii™' Calling ' in 

[ittTT, anotbvr work altrihuicd to the Mine 

i^nonynnwit ■"■riliT, Some h-ttvrn fnjin him 

41 I.K^l ^scluUn1f>^' are in Itrit. Mua. Addit. 

WS. 1 1010, IliBpropertywKsIeflloanvpbvw, 

'I*rry Jonoi fif ^?nnllingM■l:■ll, who. dying in 

707, bc() neat bed inaiiy of FeU'a bocuu and 



pttpias to the Bodleian Library. Jonesisuud 
Iu bavH prujfirlwd a life of bis uncle ( li£lli5E, 
ii. 7.-5, 69, 117). 

The epigram beginning ' I do not like vou. 
Dr. Fell,' is commonly stated to have ue«u 

Eorsphrased ftvm Mortial'a'Nou amo te,S&- 
idi, Ac, by Tom Bpown ( Iti0:i-I7l>»> i q. v. J, 
an undtTgraduiUu of Christ Chiuth while Fell 
wan dean. 'IliomM Forde, bownTer, iu his 
• Virtue. Rediviva,' &c., IGOl, p. 106, miole* 
Slnrtial's linos, and tmnidales then), * I lovo 
theo not, >V1 ! But why, I ciui't ttll,' Sx. 
Brown duuhtless j:artKlied Forde'a vases 
rathur than .M^irltnl «. Two portraita of PeU 
an inChriitt I'hurch Hall: one tji^ther witll 
Dolbrn nnd .\lh>clrep, the other in opiecopnl 
robes by Vandyuk. Thi^ro id a Etatue in tuo 
(p>!>al quadrangle. 

[Wix>iii AtbaajB Oxqd., cd. Bli*?. iv. 193; 
Wood's Lift. pKBria ; 'Walker':«Snfroriiipiaf the 
Clci^, ISB&; Umoirs ami Wnrj of John 
Erelyn ; lfonit4'* Uistorr of hia own Tiaia, 
1838 : Wolok's Alumoi WfatmonaBt. pp. Hi-* ; 
notM of groat taIm bj I'raftMor J. K.lt. JMayor 
in Noti's 4nil Qoorioa, £tfa mt. <n. S; autboritica 
cited aboTC.J G. G. P. 

FEIX, JOHN fI735-1797), congrega- 
tional iitt muii«1fr andclnMicaltutor,waA bom 
at C'ockermouth, < 'uniborland, on '22 Xua. 
1 7<1o. II ia fat her, Daniel Fell , was a Khool- 
inatfier, cli^rk to iho di«>ratinp congrecatioa, 
and (vccnaional Tillage proacnar. Fell waa 
apprentteixl to a tailor, and after serving hU 
tiinv ohtainnl n aitiution in l>ond<)n. Hia 
hent wad towards tliedi.<wenringmini!itrT, and 
by the help of th« ' Kine'e Head SncJety ' he 
WAA placed in 17G7 at the MiVKnil academy 
under John Conder, D.I). [(J-r.] Theclassicw 
tutor was John Walker, D.D., an exeallent 
Kholar, who took a great fancy to Fell, and 
gave him private intHructionR. (.>n leaving 
the acndemy hcwos for a short time assistant 
in a Khupl at XorwicU. In 1702 bo wax in- 
vited to take eharac nf an iudependenl con- 
mgation at Bcecke, Sufiblk. lie preached 
uioro for ixtvt-ral TMini,l>Ut declinml ihft pnA> 
lonte, the church not being orgmnised. to hia 
satisfnclion, 

In Uny 1770 hn succeeded David Parry as 
minister of the congreoatiotuil chunh at 
TlioxU'd, Emcx, when) u« was ordained on 
-24 Oct. This waa hia happieai settlement; 
hia congregation gr<>w, be lived on intinuto 
terms with suocoasiTfi reetoiB of the pariah, 
and with Bnyn«rHickford,tlte8&xon«cbaIar; 
j and h<* bad time for litemr^ and theological 
pursuita and for private tHtli<ni. Hix writ- 
I inn in r«'ply to Hii^h FarmifT 'ii, v.] are 
' aUe, but too acrimoDious. Jn I'lfi , on xha 
retirt-ment of lU-njamin Davics, D.D., he ac- 
cepted thti poei ot claacical tutor in hia alma 



xif6 



Fell 



WMier, aai nsnorvd (S«pt>nilwr 1769) to 
UosurloQ. Ittoc«ibeoame»ji[iu«tittliAiFvU 
ooulJ aot g«t oa w«U with lus ctud^DtK. IIU 
•pologUt «p»«ks of s spirit of iuubnrdin&ii'iD 
■ri (be tiddeaiy prior to Iub sfTwintnient. 
U«(tenw«nlfrom b*dto worM^tillat Ut<>an- 
numl oxAminAtioa in Jiuut \79& ciwgee *ad 
eoant«r-cIiv^e« were brought forvTBixL After 
Biacb dL>1ibarBtioii the guraminif bod^, in 
llurdi 1790, tiuiftvd on Fl-U'i retircnwnl, 
«ilhfr at mi(Uamm«r or CbriAtmu. I1i« 
fri«>n(U drew up & iirot«el, wbick thu mnjorily 
dacUnad to r«cord. Fell I^fl the bcadeuiy At 
tlie end of JnnuuT 171^. and wu miootwdftd 
byJohnBariTraMllGkKTfCHARLls]. Doubt- 
le« Fell bjM uult« of iMDper ; be offended 
•omebyarigidorthodoxy, olhenbeMtruigMl 
hf liis Tepublican sympftthiM^ 

Through tlie exertion* of ■ London msr- 
ehtnt Fell vu proi'idM) with an annuity of 
100/. A oonuniLt«0 of tti{[ht laymen raised 
Botne 'MOL tut nmutMf&tion for a ooarK of 
tweUo lecturoB oa the evidences. Fell had 
d«ltvt!r«(l four of UuM to crowlml aiidit-Dcea 
in tb« ^eaU Church, liOndon '^'all, whan hi^ 
health i^ve way. Us died unmaTricid ou 
Si'pr. 1 797 ftt HoroCTton, and wiw buried at 
Buimilt Fields on 15 Sept., a funeral QfBtion 
bcin^ dfliverad by Joacjili Ilrciolc^bnnk. 'i'ho 
ftuKtmlMnnon was preached ai tlieOldJewry 



OQ Sundav eveniQHi S-4 Serpt., by lleiir>- 11 uu- 
lOT, D.T). fq. v.], of lh« Scots Church. 

Fell puWinhi-il : 1. ' ConfwMion of Faith,' 
printed with the service* at hla ordiualioti, 
iT70,Sv". 2, 'Kswiyonl^ovwofone'iiCmitKrv,' 
8to (Hvstek). 3, • Qnnuinn ProteMivnliani.' 
&c., 177;f, 8vo (thrw li>tt<?rB to the Itwv. 13d- 
ward Pinkard nf Cflrt*r liane, on aiibacrip- 
tion). 4. ' The Justice . . . ofthc Penal Laws 
. , . exainiii«d,'&c., 1774, 8»'o. 5. ' A Fourth 
letter ... on Genuini!! Prol«f^tnntUm,* &c., 
1776, Bvo (inreply to Joshua Toiilmiu, D.I>.) 
6, ' Dnmaniacs. An Enquiry,' kc, 1779, 
8to (aijainst Farmer). 7. ' Keniarlu on ihe 
Appandix of thn Kditor of Itowlny'* Poomn,' 

rublishi-d iu LIii:kfurd*8 ' Observations,' &c., 
78S,&vo. 8. 'An KuMytOwiiRhtan Kngliah 
QraiDQiar,'&c.,17^,12mo. 0. 'ThcIdoUtry 
•f QroMu and Roma,' &c., 17813, 6ro (asainat 
Farmerj. 10. ' I.cclurefl on the Evioencas 
■of Christianity,' &o,, 1 79>*, 8vo, two editions 
wmo yoar; third edition, I7f>0, 8vo (the 
course was completed hv HuhIct). IIuni« 
muntiona alao r«vii>wB'>f lIonii-T<xiWa ' lli- 
rcrvions of Purley ' (1786), and Nicholas Sa- 
vary'a ' Letteta oa I'l^cypC ' (1786), b«t doe* 
Boi say vfaero they appearad. 

[JlttniPrV Kunsral SomtoD. 1707: MMDoir in 
PTi>tMtai]t IHMeotcr's Mwncino, l~&8. pi. I aq. 

5SM aliKt I7P7. p. 400): Ilof;iic na<l Itriinutt'd 
liaUof DiMaoti^, U33. i>.A]8; UavidsaABu. 



Knog. Tftatetjat. tn Coaoz. 1861.p.406 ; BnvDa'v^ 
Uit. C*mgr. SoeMk and S«JS]&, 1877. p. <B« : 
CaloHkr of Aaaoc. Thml. CoUccw, 1»7. p. *i-] 

A. O. 

rELL,LKON'AIlDu' inkw.wa* 

the SOD of Thcitnaa Fell . . . . of Ittwk- 

lifl*. nr BayclilT, Lancaahiri.', s.ud la bia early 
life occupied aonie poaition of Lmat in tu 
boiue nf liiji rcUtiTP, Thomaa Fell 
at .SwanLm'irv. Hf appcanio have 1 
aqualu^rin lOTi^. Betwe<>n lli&4and If 
was repeatedly eent to prisoa fur intDrrw-i 
tinf; ser*icw0, and in 1661 was impriamMd for 
mna religinus oRencii at Leicester. Hvet of 
his lime seems to h»vif bi°i>n crp^nt in preai^w 
ingtMCCUTaions. although till 10A>^ at lea^ Iw 
retiiined hid sitoatton at SwBrtfanior«,aod is, 
this year he was impriMned in Lancutarj 
Castlv lor bein^ at an tlleva) conveoticUh ] 
He had sonip prOTerty at Aodin^ham, Cum- 1 
berlatid, and m 1000 was evnl to prison aC 
the suit of the Tiear of that place for refus- j 
ing to pay titlue, but owing to tho ricar's ' 
death ho was tlischargwl within a fortnight. 
Ilo HutTercd a long i&ipriMnnii>nt in 1608 for 
baring attended a meeting at Swarthmur 
and then nftt^inj; the oaths, and in 111':; '. 
I was again imprisoned for lefuaing to p 
' tithes to Theo. AinK-x, vicar of tiayclilf, 
wa« a second linie teliMSod by the de 
hu suitor. For nreaching at a tu«et 
' the sliOTB ofWinoermiTG bu sullWvd i 
I tn th« value <>f 2iV., nml two yMtralat 
' fined bythejuatirfts of Weaimorelandi 
lar fium for the like oflotco. In the inli 
vals l>etwF;cn his impriaonmenta he was i 
gaged in ministeiiBl work, i;bicity in tl 
northern couuti«s end in Walea, and 
preaching is said to hare been nf an 
and loving character rather than argnraet 
tativo or doctrinal. In September ICkI 
was Mini lo gaol for more than a ninnth 
uhfx'ntin^ himiw>ll' from tho pacbh cbt 
and immudiat^ly af^isr his icImso was 
arrcstCK] and incarcerated for about Hi)rl 
weeks for the same offunco. Ku diinl wl 
on a pitMti'hing exctintinii nt Darlins 
170O, naving been a minister nearf 
Tears. He is known to h^w bevn ni 
but hod no family. His charaeter 
amiable rather than strong, but on occaste 
he could bo fearless. It is said thnt beL 
once jplnnderwl by a highwayman, he « 
that though be would not frivi.- his life for 
faorac or money, hi- would for tho rr>li" 
aoul, whwraupon the man returned botlfcj 
and mnttey. Fell was a man of little i 
tion. His works wirn at ontttimt> {oipul 
but aronowenfirelydiflregarded. Hewi 
1. 'The PerFeciition of tfaem Peopls 
call Quakers in several {daces in Laac 



I 



• 



tvrith W. Adamson), UtW. L», ' Ad Epistl-s 
iar ihfl Pin^njithfiiing and Continninf: of 
Friend* in iheir Most IIo!y Faith,' 1670. 
3. 'A Warning to Enf;1dnd in (rt-nprnt and 
the cities of Ltiiidoii aud Bmtol in particu- 
lar,' llJftt. -l. "Mv Testimonv to uiy l>ear, 
Tnio. and WvU-befoFMl Frit-ndund Fallirriii 
ClirisI, Geonw Fox,' writlcii 16HI, prinlMl 
1706. 

[HaIibm'* Life and Woriu ; Fox's Journal »( 
W Lifo, TmTfla, SaBVriiwn. &«■ e<l. I7AA; 
Votn atvi Qncrin, Ist »r. ti. 23S -. Webb*§ Fella 
of SwMfthnorct. p. 3JS ; Bcmw/a Snfl>nnea of 
Ibo QiiAluni, i. 303, &e^ ii. I4.J A. C. B. 

FELL, MAUfJAUET (1614-1702), 

Jl»ki>r«ea,«laii|fliter':>f ,)i>lin A«liow of Msnli 
Iran^. in the pnniili of Dttltoii-in-FurnfM, 
Lonciutiirc, a gviitK-uiau of utii'it'nl lining 
and pood estate, was born in IGU. Bftfurf 
»bti WW i|ui(i-<'i^litivn years of b^ she mar- 
nedXboniaa (Jud^t F'-H :'l- v.] of Swnrtb- 
niore Halt near L'hfrsttm, by wlinm nhr 
liad nine rliilcln^n. S)u> vcom n deeply pious 
wntnan, and with ttipooncnrrvncoHbor hus- 
band o|i(.*n^ hiT house to ri^Ii^ouA personn. 
In her ant<ihiogmphy she »tnt«s that ' she 
hoped she did well, bat often fuared vlie was 
■hort of tlte riglit way. and in iUIh way pu- 

; aired twenty rfar*.' During lh(i winter of 
0fiSO»orge Vox waa received by hiT, and at 
ftmratins in htT hoiisu coniTrted her and 
moat of tbe family (ohi» vi'-wn, Oii his n:- 
lum ffoin holding th« lumitPti, JnAf^o Foil 
>cauie»o>Hl in her acceptance of qiialiemm 
uia gnvn the qiiakeri thn ufu) of .Swiirth- 
mom Hall for their meelings, Margaret , 
Fell does not appear to have rnlo^n any ao- 
C?« part in the quaktT iniiiihi rj for Bcve- 
f»l 7Mn, but exerted herself for the relief 
and nlGMW! of tVt Friends who were im- 
priaonetl: and diirm(;)ft.VV-m7»)K> wrote fi.mr 
limn* to thr Protpctorentreatinp; hit protec- 
tion for tbem. without much efluct. After 
death of Jndgo Fell in UVifl, hia widow 
tu have ut uiiee taken a more pro- 
int part in the afTaimof tlu< tHX-ielv: and 
when ill 1600G«irge Fox waaarrt'Med while 
at her houM, slio went to London and ot>- 
taiood Bevemt interTiowR with CharW II, 
who, at her instance, ordereil the venue of 
jtha jnuooer^A trial lobe chan^^d toly>ndon, 
wn aha ranained until Fi<x was libenttvd. 
iftly nftrr this she wrote to the kinjr, 
banding the lett<>r to him a few dars sub- 
uent to hi«corr>na(ion, on behalf oftolrnt- | 
tion. eallin? his atlention to hia declaration 
Urvda. Khe wroteaud deliven-d two other ' 
Mn to llie king Mkin^ meivy for l hi^ re^^i* 
idea. Ocieachi)crai>ion ihekinif treated her 
ith rviiirtmr, hut etji- itunif^ht tliat ho was 
u«iK«d by Ilia lututstera, and addrewicd a 



P'j-tition for the redrew of th« Fnetida' grtev- 
(inces til ' the kinj.' and his priyy couuciL* 
Th« outbunr of the Fifl h-monarchy men 
cauHed enocltoents which pressed mo«t w- 
verely on thf nuAkita. Margaret Fell re- 
mained in Lonuon uniil she had pmeured 
An inter^'iow with the ciueen and had audi- 
ences with llie qu'>i>n of Buhemin and the 
PritKVM of (irniijfe. Boew {St/JTerins/g, i. 
43) mvA that she procured a royal warrant 
forbidding the voldiurs in BriEtol to enter 
the homes of Friendii withotit lefral warrant. 
Early in 1601 abe retunied to Swarthmore 
to be present at llii> mnrrini^ of one of her 
daujchterStTetumingtoLon'mnflfi^w months 
later to entmit, the kioR to liberate inorw 
thun four thniuuind Friends who w^re im- 
priwined fnrrefiisinfr to take oattig or for at- 
tending illej^] misitingK. She mts that her 
prayt-r waa succemfiil. Uuriilg tut) SUuUBer 
of Itifiltsho ri^ited themectinfrs in the iwulh- 
western and northern countiee, and Inter in 
tlie ^"cnr was mtmmoned iH^fore the mngiii- 
trales at I'lvi-rsron for allowing illegnl meet- 
inpi to be held at hi-r house. Cln refugioff 
the oatfa of allog'iance ahe wa.i 4!omTnitted to 
prI*on. Afleraoitie nionthfi sbewos brought 
to (rial at Lancasteir heforeJuntk-eTwisden, 
who advi«ed her to tmvenie, and olTered to 
admit her to bail in order that she mifffat 
petition the crown, if ebe would pruuiiM 
to allow no meetings at Swartbnuire Hall 
for the ntiiire. On lu-r nAuinj^ this ofler 
*ho wa» recommitted to I.4UK-a»ter Cn«ll«. 
IVo of her dnufq'hten: waited on the king to 
beg for their mother'* releaw, which the kidf 
a^rved to onler if tliey would promise to at- 
tend no niiwlinpi, and on their refill oflered 
it if .Mrs. Fell would jn-miit no meetiu;^ to 
taku place at Swarthmore when more than 
five weri' jirt-wnt. In any case lie promised 
that wnleno' of pRfmuniro should not be 
enfnrc-d (i^ee letter from Mary Koll, 'J'2 Aug, 
Ittfil. StMrlhmorf MSs.) Towanlj the end 
of the year she WA.1 agaiu tried at LAncosliir. 
when, owing to the personal inl«rf<'ninc« of 
•ome l^nca»hin> mat^^ist rates, she wa;* aea- 
tenccd to the peuallie-t of a pnfmunire; her 
wtate, howovor, was granted by the king 
to her »on. .Aflvr remaining in nri»on for 
twoDty motitbe, she was pt>rraitt>Ml to i^ptHid 
aomo litno nt her home, hut ahe was not 
flnaltrtcleaseduniil .lunelH^. Diiringher 
imnrisomnent she wrote several pamphlets 
ana kept up an extensive correspondence. 
Her release was duo to the inleroL'saion of 
\>T. Itichnnl Ijower, a court. phvAician, and 
brother (oThomAHl.ow<'r,who suheequenily 
uiarriodimKof her (Uughlen. Shortly after 
herreleaw Mr*. Fell visiird all the primna 
in which any quakcrs were confinL-d. which. 



Fell 



»98 



Fell 



gcosjiisd lirr tmtil I OOff, wh*>ii iihe nuirriod 
QeoifTA Fox at UrisUil, witli whom the n- 
nuutKl a week.uid (iicnrvturiKilliiHwiirtli- 
more, whiU^h'^ontiniK-J hUminiaierial jour- 
ney. HoAf in 167U tha was airain nrrnted 
imdvr an atdcr from ilie council, und onin- 
miiml to gftol m comptele (he BeBt«iic« of 
jtnrEDuiiiK ; ttwire U ruamn tn bi-licv*! that 
tho order waa procur«() bv b&r ton, (j(«nfo 
Fell, in ordiT itiat he inigtit enter upon the 
ettatr which hU mother ri*fki8od to atianilon 
(see leltur from Thomu I<owlt, It* Ai>ril 
IffiO.fm'artAmtiiT MS-f.) llerilaiiffbK-rSarah 
at (inw procured an ordt-r from tun kinc Tor 
Mre. Foil'arrleaise, which, Lriwevw,lhi' Lhii- 
caahiro mneiatntva eet aBide on l<>chDical 
prouiidi^ In April 14^71 slie wa« libentlod 
uiider a patvot. 8)i'>rtly aA«r her n^liiisc 
ah>.' wont to London to the yearly meeting, 
and then n^sidn) at Kinpvton-on-Tliai&es 
wilh hL'f huitbaiid tuitit uit dtfpartur« io 
August for the West ladies, when she re- 
tamed toHwarthinort!. whore ehu apptwre tu 
bar V staved until tlx' MUiumrr of IHi.l, when 
•hf wi-nt'irtfiriiiol to mpfitFoxon hiarptiim 
fitom America. After visitineLoDdon with 
him she aMompanicd him intoi^icovtenliirt^, 
where he was arrested, when abe at once re- 
turned to London, and at an audienee with 
Cbarli-s II Iwggod tn order for lii< relaue, 
which the Wtng refuiied, but oflerod her k 
pardon. 'ntisGUi'dt)cUnt'dtuaccK|*t,a«ehucan- 
wdcri-dl'oJtiniioorul.. From (J»i»Iitae1 ill lOHit 
ahe rwidod at Swarthmore, and was seTcral 
tuii>'« fini.>d for punnitliiif: imflinifif to (nliv 
place ot hiT howiw?. Towards the end nf the 
year Rbe Fm»nt somv mont h* in or near London 
■with bw nuslMind, and then relumed home. 
In Januarr lOi^l Oeori^ Fox died, and from 
tbistime uis widow, ulthoiiiih ithp continued 
to rake great inktivet id (lie afTaira of tlie 
Society of Friendu, does not appear to have 
beenactivcly cmployt^d. In ltiU7 she again 
veiled Louiluu, and while ihetv addruteed a 
letter to William III, exnreaung hergrati- 
Inde for the protection liu ffoveninent hud 
exttindi-d to iLi) Friend*. She died ?.1 April 
17(>"JfttHwurlhniorp,beiiig'tbcninhM'eighiy- 
eigUih year, nnd wna buried in tbe quaker 
burial-ground belonging to the Swaitlimore 
weeiiiig. In persoiiA) sp]>«>amnce abe wems 
to hare bceat*n and buxom, with a piruinf* 
rather than bandsoao faci-. Her correspond- 
ence idiows her to bare been a woman of 
someeultun', orgeneniiis dtKpoaition,uf eon- 
niderabli? intelk-cl iiii'I warm sympathioL 
Her charity waa (rri-at, and she necma to 
havo metened auiiiriuiti-eajincity forlnkiti); 
trouble for the benefit of ot hern. In her family 
and buKinMs afTaim elie wna just nnd fanee- 
iagi aod u a quakitf miniater ihe waa cealoas, 



Mimiilr, iind UboriMua. llernrodDl^aiuuv 
ttnoiWd by their prolixity, and mom reaarlt-. 
nble Tor good senae than th.'^oncu of style. | 
They brtuilhe a spirit of ftfrnd and aincerv 
piety, but are marred fay narrownco. 

The moitt important ai« : 1. ' Faljr Pr»- 
pbeta. Anttchnat«, Deeeiven which are in 
thn W ortd, whii'h John Pttiplw«i4.-<J cf, which 
bath lonir been Hid and Covered, but ii now 
t'nmaiki^.' &c., 105&. 3. 'For MantMeb 
Den larael, the Call of the Jewea out of Salnr^ < 
Ion,' &&, 1050. S.'ATactimattyofthsToucIi-j 
Ktone for all Profeffiiona and all Forma uwl 
aat]i8te<IChan:fao,'&c.,liKMt. 4. ' ALorio; 
£:!alutHtion to the Swd of Abmham,' Jtc^ 
lti.'i«. fi. ' A True Tewimony from the Peo- 
ple of Ood (who by the wttfll ■<-■■ "•illed 
Qiiiik^rr<l of the Doctrines of i-ta, 

Chn*r. andlheAp'jstliit.'Jtc., i' '-' ■ 11* 
Examination and Tryall of Mitrguret Fell 
niidOeorcu Fox.* &c., Hfftl. 7. ' Worn en V 
Speaking'JuMiBi-d, IVovwl, and Allowed of 
by the Scripturi's,' &c., IflOQ. 8. 'The 
Slandard.of tlw Lord revealed,' &C., ](W7. 
!♦, ' A Touch-Sionr. or a Perfect Tryal l^ the ' 
^ripturvs of all the Priests, BUbopN, and 
^finlMer8 who have called tberawlvea the 
>tiniBiers of the (i.itijH,* ic, 1(W7. 10. ' A 
Call unto the Seed of I.iritel, that they may 
came out o{ F|;^-pl's DarkseM and Uouiie of 
Bondage unto t^ Land of Re«t,' ,S:c., about 
1068. II. ' A Brief Collection nf Kemark- 
ahle Paaaagea and Occunrencva relalini^ lo ' 
the Birth, Kdncatinn. Life, Kmincnt and 
Faithful .Servenl of the Lord, Uar^rft Fell, 
bnt by hf-r .St'oond 5Iftnri«_"- Mitr,7,irvt Fox. 
totretii'-TwithSuniliy of H ".Boalu. 

and I'hnitian Ti-slimoni iiida and 

OtherH.' \r., ITlOfatitobiograpbical). 

[VfWs Brii^ U-llrction, &e. : Wohb'a Fells of I 
Switrthmorit lUII • It>'M«>Siiir#ritig<i<if th« iVipl^ j 

JouFBal, ed. llGa : ShwA'b Hit. of the Kun. &e.. i 
i. !&;, iv. 862; Piety Promntrd, pi. ii. ; Life of' 
Mar)tnr«tFux.l$.'i9i8milh'>Otal>;vnMofFrieDda* 
Books: StatePaprn,U<>m. ISM. fits, 1667.1X7: 
S«r«rthmoi* MSS.] A. C. B, 

FELL, S.A.MrEL (1584-1619). deoa of 
Glirisl Oburrh, was bom iu 16&1 io the pnritli 
of Su CU'inent T>/idm, London, and waa udn- 
cated at WeatininKer School. J^eticeheptw 
eeeded aa a qtu.-cn's scholar to Chri.'it Oharch, 
O-xford, matriculating 20 ii{i\. 1001, and 
craduate,! B..\. L'7 Jii.w 1606, M..\,. W May 
loos, B.U 23 Nov. lOlfi, nnd RD. '22 Juno 
I6iy ( 0.r/. r'nir. Riy., Oxf. llist. 8oc.. vol. iLj 
pt. ii. p. i.lS. i«t. iii. p. 2Btii. !!■■ \v«r elected 
jinwitiir in Htll. andsoou ■ lx:cam4» | 

rector of Fn^hwAttr ill >! . ■! WitfUt, 
and chaolain to James 1, In Mity IU1& 
was maue a canon of Chrint Church, and 



Fell 



899 



Fe!l 



1H:J(I Laily Mar((«r*-t [iriifesKor of divuiitv, 
Vhicb he hitlil, aoconling to rui^tam, wirb 
OftDonnr of WorcPBtor Cuthpdml. Tlipw 
"poKi lie h«id till 16:)7. At fimt hU rcH^us 
x'usyn were CclTwistic, but he chonfivd hi* 
opitiiona and becamo an aftivt- a\Iv of Areh- 
bii^lit)]) ]^u(l,wlio prowutcd hiui to ibedeoneiy 
of I.icJifitld in Itiat*, lo tie reclory of Stow- 
oii-the-WoIJ in 1037, and to iLu dcatitry of 
Cbri«t Church lit lO^JS. l*vU ccntiuueJ tlie 
krchitMtuml im])n)veiconU in the cfttliedral 
and collegie projected by lun pivducjawr, 
Diip^ui, anil tu LiM cnt-iyv nnil liisli; the col- 
lect owcK tb(! fine itlaircMse leading to tlia 
hall. 1I« was nlwavs lu-tivtt in unircrtltv 
■flairs. On Ifi Aug.'l637 lie wrote to Lau'd 
•bout lh« tfxccMii'e uuniWrof alebouiM and 
tlie Uk« in Oxiord, but oa noro thsn on« oc- 
casion bt' incurred »>?vi*tyj rebuke* from Land 
for»i-tiin^ bin autUorily as bend of a, col- 
1(>1^> in uuiKKitioa to tbu ^riX'totD uiid other 
public; tilliciaU of the umversity. On the 
outhn-ali of the civil wars bu bccaum a cun- 

SicuouB ntyiilist.otui uftiT »*r^iiig iIih otiicn 
vif^<'hftnciillor in IftJfi and Iftlli was re- 
appointed in lti47. Swoii after his ri-appoint- 
Tncnt. llii> porlifimtfntury viditnnt cnmf to Ox- 
ford. InSt-'ptembwr fell waesunimoned before 
tbtdn: lie d'eciiiiod toatteud. vas imprisoned, 
^Laod onbis n^Ieiutci in Nuvembcr wai< ileprivc^i 
^fof allhitiofficivint.hKunivfn>ity. }ltt retired 
to the rpctnry'of SiinningTi-elI,iicar .'Vbingdim, 
"which bv hud br.'UI wnc' '2i S'jil. in^fj, niid 
difd tliere on 1 Keb, 1648-9 from the shock 
caused by Icamia^ of CharU-a I's (.•xwution. 
Ill* WU8 bwriisl in his church, lilt? ri^huilt 
iho IVont of bis poreonBgc. He puhlisbed: 
I. 'I*riniitia), sivo oratio hobila Oxonifc in 
achobv ITifolopfP, 9 Nor. an. lliifi/Oxforil^ 
Hi'J7, 2. * L'lJUuioLatinand Bncraluureosdie 
cioerum in Coloss. ii. H,' OxfopH. Iii27, Foil 
mafrifdMnnfnmt.dnUf^iterL'fThoiuasWyld, 
ewj., (if Worcester, bv whom he vrns ibt father 
of John Full [a. v.j.Oifuiuf Cbrit^tC]iun;biiiid 

tbiKliop of Uxrnril, iiml of Ni'Verul dau)i;bler!i. 
reira portrait is at Christ Church, 

r\V,x>J'>AibvDvOxun-fl{liKH),iii. 243; Welch's 
Alamoi Oion. p. 70; Litid's Works, Tol.T.pawini; 
VisitalioD of Oxford. m1. Barron's (Cuni'l. foe): 
Walk«r> Snfferinc«, pt. ii, pp. lO'Z-3 ; NetrconrtV 
Diocen of Londou. i. 232.] i*. L, L. 



f 



rELL,TnOMASni'«0R-l<yiS),viri-rhan- 
cellor of ibe duchy of Lancaster, bom in ISO^ 
Bt Hawkoawelt, near t'lvtrston, wajt tbf tcji 
»fQeorgi'I'«Il,eei^tlcmai»of anciitiil Ijiiicb- 
aliire familv. I(e wno admitted student of 
Gray'd Inn m 1623, callwl to the bar in 1631, 
aiid praciinril MK'ciwfuliy fur i«rvfnil vwirn. 
In IftSi he married Marfraret Aaltt'w[see VniL, 
Uimoamst], by whom 1)« had nine childjvn, 



and rc»idfdat Swnrthmnn.'IInUiUearDalton- 
in-FurTH'^ss, bis patr'mni proprrty. In ](>41 
}w was placed oil the comuiiMina of the pcaco 
fiir LancashinM-rben sunif royaiiatsweri! re- 
moved, and in the following year Im wiut ajK 
pointed one of [lie parliami'ntnry tet^uea- 
Iralore for ihu county. In Ill4?> be nae elected 
to jiarltauient for Ibe city of Laniusl'-r, and 
on thu rem nd ailing of the churcli in th't? fol- 
lowing VL-ur his nomu uppt'ors oa th': list of 
lavDieii for the nresbyt^^rT,- nf Ktimrax. In 
l^M hfl v!u£ maw Inr the IVotnotor a crnn- 
inui»ifnM*r for the wifety nf the counly, and 
in 1(140 hen'HH noniiiial<'d vict>-cluLnndlor of 
the duchy and attorney fcjr the county pala- 
tine. In I60O-I he woe cho«cn a btmcber 
of (.irny's Inn, and in n.'Conted as being at 
that time a judse of assize for the Cheat«r 
and Korlh Wolea circuit. Fell was con- 
sider«-d a leading puritan in the district of 
l-'unicBH, and pmcliwd htxspilaliiy with hia 
wifi-K aMiHLanre. WU<'ii, during hix alwence 
on circuit in lO-l^, the family was cnnvertrd 
by Kox, Fell hoeti-ned home and was met bv 
Fox, who oxplnimd liia doctrini'*. Alibougn 
Fell nerer embraced quakerism, be fronted 
ibi- use of Swtrtbmoa- Hull forihe Vrienda 
to meet in, and fn;qui-titly ^l in an adjoining 
room wilb the door upt'ii, so as to aB'uru 
tbem the pnMection of hi» pn-aouco. Hia wife 
wivK, ' Hm vnm very loving lo Fricndn.' In 
lifct; he went the nonhem circuit with Ppeai- 
dvnl Bradtibaw. In ItVJShu wa*, with cerlaio 
oihrr justio'"'«, directed to prevent royalins 
lauding or gat herine in CumDeclaiiil or Laoca- 
!ihir>-, (indnt ilioi-ndof t bar year ho woa, with 
Jtnidithiiw, npTioiuled a coinmiinoner for to* 
\iviti|{ tlieduL'liy jiLn»dictioaBt Westniinater. 
In 1U54 he was op]iointed one of the commi»- 
ifiouers fur lieepin^ llie seal of tho eoiinly of 
LancasIiT. From a letter written lo himbr 
ThumaB Aldam tu Id^i it appi<ur8 iLui hia 
favniir to quakera had inad<f iiim vrn- un- 
popular ; but in 1 flSfl ho was directed to pro- 
n^i^l In Ix)ndiin to drfiTmino caa«s in the 
diipliy oonrt at Wflstmiiister. For ACTeml 
years before bis death Fell withdrew from 
parlioDicntaty life, diMjiprorinp of rhc Pro- 
IvclorV atuiuuiption of authority in civil iukI 
religious matters ; and although Croniwell 
ia btiliuvcd to have made aeTeniTovort urea lo 
bim, he »iill declined lo take anyaciivo part 
in the ^'nvernnient.. Hi< died at iiwnrlhioore 
on 8 Oct. |lKif*,aiid wa« buried in t'lvirnton 
Church by torchlight. Thereeord of hitihurial 
slates that he was chancellor of the diicby of 
Linncaslcr, Iltilef* oiip.'mn nnd wvi-n dnufith- 
lerii.aDCofwbom, Sarah Fell, aquaker mini^ 
ler, was noted not only for her beauty, but 
abto fur her eloqnunce and knowled^v of He- 
brew. She maztied one Mead. By hia will 




Fell 



30* 



'eilowes 



Fell foandwl tlL«TownBui]ttrTiimtaarKbool 
At Ulveninn, anil U-fl u iiumU'r of leguies 
to tke T*oor, 

[W«bt>'> fVlb of .Svwlfamonr ; Sp«*1'« IliM. 
■f Lb* niw, &v., (if tlict FriondB. i. 1AA, ii. UO ; 
Mugwvt Fdl'a Brief CollDctioD, &c.. 1710; 
BftiiM*'* Xjuinshiro, vol. ii. Snd «d. ; BdrWd 
8warlfamur« Hall uid iu AMKwintiaiw ; Sninh- 
inoi* USS.; CslaodKr of SbUe Fitp.>n, Doiu. 
1649 fi. iVT, ie&3 i>. 2»1. IBiil-Ji pp. 53. 168; 
Notn aiMl Q«eri«a, Irt twr. iii. 143, i>'. Ift7, &c, 
Ti. 323.] A. a B. 

FELL, WlLl.UM{i:r>fiM«iS).nmht,r, 
horn (in^jluiblj- miar Bnitnplfin, (_"uniber]iind, 
ftbotii 175ij, waa & (Khoolnuurtir «UMe««ivi'lv ] 
at Mnnchi-)itpr,Wi]iiislow-,aii(ILaiicaftt«'r,Kn^ 
after his retirement lived at Clifton, nt-ar ' 
Lowthi-r.AVesttnoivUDd. Jio tiit.'J in March 
184Bat Sliap, in the Mmt county, leaTinifhia 
propertT, an ample coupe tt^ticy. (o tliv rhil- 
drcn of his elder brother, John 1 VII of Swin- 
dalu lleiuJ, iti'.Tuhy di^inhdriling tiLs onlj 
aurviving Km. Il'-tiri', wh') liv>>U iii TV-nmark. , 

H«wae an industrinns writer for tlMpreas 
kndniihlii^lipil thi? fallowing wpariitc works: 
l.'ninl.^nnThpIn.«nictif>nof\oHth'(ftnonv- 
monH), Mnncheetcr, 17!'S. 2. * ilinu on tfie 
C3RU9Pf«oflhfl Iligli IVici-s of Provi^irtiiiiiTcn- 
rith, l«K). 3. 'A Srntcm of Fuliti.*! lOeo- 
nomr,' Sulford, \)M)S. 4. ' Ili*mark4 on B[r. 
Liioca»ti;r*H Syeti>m of Ediiuition, in which 
faistTTOneoiid MtatemenL* an<l the ili^fitcts in 
hit) modo of taition ar*> detuct^od and ex- 
|>liiin«<l,' Wnrrinirton, 1811- fi. 'A Sktttch 
of tho Principal Ewnta in KngliAh Tn.stnT7,' 
Warrington.ieil; 2ud edition ISIS. 

[Communii-ntioQ* from Mr. John Yorkor of 
Ilduiclii-Ht«r, wtiQ posHiM* BoToral anpublJEbod 
inaniucriprs ly Fnll.] C. W. S. 

FELL0WE8, JAMES (/. 1710-17^0), 
portmil-pniiiter, is tnown for port raits of eini- 
uorit rliTgyroen of hi^ time. In the priui 
room At the Britidi Museum thoro are ]ioiv 
traits by him of Thomu 'W'il»in, bishop of 
Sodorand Man (engravpd by \vn m- in 1 7:iH), 
Laurence Howell, the nonjuror, and Iliim- 
phrev (iower, ua^ttcr of St. J(ihn'<> Ctillniip, 
OamliridgD (en^ved by Verluo in 17M)). 
Felliitv'x obtained notoriety aa beitiff the 
pointer of thnfamoim ptctiiro of the 'La«t 
Bupppr" which wbh platted over tlte com- 
munioD-lablo in the churcli of St. Mary, 
'Whitechapel, by tho Jacobil« rector. Dr. lii- 
etuird Welton. In tbu Ilr. White Ki^nnelt 
tq. T.l, dean of Potcrboroufth, vriw portrayed 
a« Judaa Incariot, nopaiiiaLiifiiis liwltoniakti 
the portrait nnmutAkable. Thia lauaed con- 
«iderabl« o|}i>iu>!, and the it|n<r« wb« aller«d 
brordur of the Bishop of Tendon, tliouf^h 
W picituv waa allowed to remain. 



[Rad^mTii'B Ukt. nf Artisto: NobU'it Cun- 
linuatioo of GrsBger'i Bio?. Biat. iii. BN; Ri{ 
pia« Bio^. BriU (aub W. 'KeiuMlt').j L. C. 

ITELL0WE3,SibJ\M1-'-^ MadTTI- 
18fi7i,p!ij-'i<.'Jaii, b")"! it ! r m 1771,] 

was tin; third eon of Dr. :; Fellowt*, 

phySK'ian extraordinnry tn the IVini-e 'iC^ 
Wales and brother of ^it Tbouiae I'Vllowtfi 
fq. v.l He wa» educnt(<d nt Kiijiby, and at 
PctfTliouso, Cambrid^).'. On obtaining a Tan- 
cred wliolarsbip he iiii|i:nilet[ m tionvillp ninT ' 
CainaCoUege.wltere lie b«-aim' a IVr^.-f.'lIfVB-,! 
nnd^nduBtvd M.B. in 171>7 un<l V 
Hn vru* clrftiil a fi-liow <if tlif ( 
Phys iciana 30 Sfpt. 1805. H.> (*rve<l .:i iLnJ 
rnt-dirul wrvir^poflhp army bt'forelakinjjhU 
drt^:!!', and aftt^rwnnli) lnTAnif ph\*)iiriiin ifl 
Ih* forc»s,«nd went with AdTiiiml Chrisiiaii'l 
fli'rt to Snn Ttomineo. In IStU li-* wa« «iml 
to inv<!»tignt4<and tntat tli'>i>"srii<rnt!nl ffvef 
which raped there. He returned to Kiij^lani'' 
in .\pril \>i(K. and in 1600 was kni^lilt^l l>; 
j Georjfe III. Sxw after he si-rvwl ai ('adii 
Rs chief of the niodir:al di^jwrtment of the 
army,aiid in IHI'i rrtin^l fnini hi« ninifuity'aJ 
M>rvice. In the iuiini- year he puhli^he^ 
•Reiiorts of the Postik-ntial nisorder of .\t 
dahi-tia, whirh nppeari'tl itt. Cadiz in the yr 
ItfOO, 1804, 1810. and I8i:f The rei 
thou^'h somewhat wanrinj!: ■■> conipWb 
give an i«lt*rpsi tn(r accoiml of lhe*e vli _ 
epidemie,s hh observed at Ondix, and alan n1 
thu ucMtilvntiat fever at Mnlag'a in ll^V ' ' 
whirli was witneMNKi and ha*, bi^n ih-*irril 
by Waterton the natUTHlI'l, with further ac-^ 
count. «f ihudispusn n* iw-.-ii nt <.libnillar,an<l 
a desrriplinn of tlip Wiilrheri-n frver f«* 
I Dj^vid, Ju^cpu nAR>'AKl>]. Th" 9j«inishi 
I lilenn- w^m* to liari> bvi.in a ninti^unt (or 
! of typhus, with interspersed CMfi*» of telaj 
inR fi-ver, a combinnlinn which has aim hvtt 
observod in l/tndon and in Ireland. Tl* 
I fever WAS highly contagiotu, and th^ bftol 
shows thnt its author was not deterred (ron 
I ihoruughly invvsligatiiig ibe fubWt by «ui] 
fears for hia own safety, and tnat he ha 
sound views on the vi-ntilntion uf barracks 
and of aiek rooinR. Ttie Mtholftgienl port of 
the reports U defective. Vellowea lontr livef " 
fin litti iK-iuion, aitd diK^l iit llnvaut ttO 
1857. 

I ^lunkVColLof Phy«. Iit.24 ; LuanTa Oradai 
CaQtal>riKien.-«Lt ; Worka^] N, M> 

FELLOWE8, UOitEIlT, LL.D. (1771. 
1847), philunthropiat, waa bom in 1771 
lILi fnlliOT wiw thfi eldM>i|. son of Willian 
Felloweaof Shoti.'*ham Hull, Xnrfulk. Fal 
lowes was educated for t h?' church at St. Mnr 
Ifall, t.'Kford, where he ^railiinted B.A. 
30 Juna 17IM, nod M.A. on ^ Jou. 



Fellowes 



30« 



Fellowes 



U>> Took nrd«-ni, but seemB to hnvt> huld no 

prvft-nnent. For otbt tix wam (1804-11) 

hf •rililttl ! ho • Orilifal R*Tiew,' III- waa ihii 

ititim«U' friend of I>r. Vutt, wlwi inlnxltuaJ 

him lo Qtitvn CftroUne, whiw caum he ab- 

p(iUM^. Ue is Mid to havo wriiwn all liur 

r>-|>li«'ii to tbo numerous adilr»«0'« pn^tfiiled 

l4( Iipf io 1830. I'^runcU M«*t-r«t, cumtor- , 

luirtm of tlK-wjcbwiuer, pniTfil liiafrM^ii<l"lup , 

to l-'fUowca liv leavinff him At his di-Ath in | 

1824 ntmily 'MOfiODl. Fellowes ereflted lo ' 

Ithn nummary o( Maactea a mooiiment in Uci- ' 

[gatA rliurclivani, witli a otitogttlie tOKcrip- | 

'tion ill l^iii. !I<^ uiu-d hi^'t'Eiriune with 

gent'iwaity, both m aiding privat*.' di»- 

land in furwnnling li>-ni'VDl>'ul »ch«-in^a. 

_. iSlMlH'gavt'hciK'iaciioiiatoencomwBtlu; 

'Study of Datiiral pbilo«ophy at. B<)iDDurg'h | 

.L'nivcnit]r. He was one of thp promotflfs 

fof th» Loudon CniveriitT. now Cninrreity 

fOall^K(Oowi>r StreL't. (Jutof cratiludofor 

' the profonionul senriccit of Ur. Klliotsou, who 

I Iiidil a diair in University Collepp, ho madn 

an <>Qdinrnent lo that institution to provide 

two nnnunl gold tDHlnli>,caUrd the' I'VllowM 

inrdnl*,' for profidencT in clinical medicine. 

Fulloww int«Twt<Kl liiin*vlf in thii npniunf; 

of ItA^ntV l^rk to tU<> piihlie, and in thu 

ei»anci|iatioti of the J^ws, H« wim ai» ad- 

vaticfol libcnU in politir-4, but drt^w the line 

at uaivciMl sud'rage. His religious publi- 

rntiuDB, which wrv numorous, wi>rc Alwa\'9 

lorgt'ly lingvd with idttu of iiractical plii- 

Innlhrojty. Hy deirrws he abandoned tho 

diniinctivi) tem.'ls of thu An^licnn diurdi, 

ntid in bin m<»t niatun! tvurk, 'Tht- K^ligiou 

of ihfi i; niTPra.-",' \w aims to divMl religion 

of tnoet of iti KHiM-mntnnil i* ! (.•□»:< nt^. He 

ttTtunvl nt tbr <i[ii<nin(r of tlin cliapcl of 

Barl>t<r Rt^uinnnl'ft pbiloMyphical institution 

(sea n&ACMoXT, JolIK TllOMAfl Bariikr). 

Frtlowen died in Dorwt S<jiuirft on B Ye\>. 
|!M7. leaving n joun); familv. lit' wa» 
huriMlnt Kcnsal Green on l^l-Vl). Alon^Ust 
of hi» piiblicBiiotu i* tfiten in ibe 'Gvntb^ 
raan's ^] o^aiinc.' Iliit carliMt work was 
1. *A Piclurv of Cbristiuu I'liikwnhy, or 
. , . niiulration of the CbaraolTot Joaua,' 
\79^. >«to: i>Qd mL 1700. 8vi>i 3pI ml. I8W), 
Kvo; 4lb w). with nuppli-nn^nt, 180:i, 8vd. 
|[ia political viewfi are contained in 'i. ' An 
AildrxM to tbn IVipb',' kc., 17W, I:*inrt. 
.t. • MoralitT onitM with I'oliry,' Sic, IHOO. 
llimo. 4. *TUe KiffbW of IVWiy Vin'U- 
cal«>d,' Ac.,l«l8, Hvo. Ata«tufrirvi.T<<ifyinjF 
ix aliown in l)i» h. ' roi>niK, . . . Original and 
Trnn-IntKd,' tCC, iMJtJ, H\-o (many of tlw 
Iraimlatiaoaare from Owner). Mont of bin 
pitiiaJiiii.L.' tiuhlicmtiona are t)ii-uloKii:al, tho 
chj ■. 'The .\nti-<'alvini»l,' Wai^ 

wic., - ^vd; 2itd «d. LoudoD, moi,Svo, 



7. *R«li|fion without rant,' Ac, 1801, 8ro. 
S. 'Tho Ouido to tmmorlality,' kc, 1604, 
8vo, :i vol*, {a digest of tbn four goiippls). 
», 'A Body of Theology.' Jtc, 1«I7. 8vo. 
111. *Th« Ib'ligioM of tin) UniT(*nw,' &c., 
IKld, K'nio: ard (hI. Und.aud ICdinb. 1H(M, 
Vvo (with additions from hia maniiacripta). 
11. 'A LtKituro dvliv<ny<l on Opirning tbs 
Cbii]»;l ... in lleaumuiit ijmiarv,' ltJ4l) 
rjnio. 12. ' Common-MnM Tmtlis,* &«,, 
lt^l4, l'2mo. Fvltowv!* translalvd from iho 
IjOtin .M iltiin's ' Familiar Hpintle* ' ami ' S*« 
cond IMoBW of the Peopla of KngUud.' for 
tbi> \rHAi nitttoit. S<nit^ of bi.-i piiMirntions 
wnro iiuuml itader the puudonym * Phila- 
letbeA A..M. Oxon.' 

[Criit. .Mag. IMA, p. 207. 1847 (ohitanry 
naticL-); Monthly IUpo*ilary. 1826 p. ASS. IS36 
pp. 127, 69-'.; Vellow«*» work*.) A. 0. 

FELLOWES, Sin THOMAS (1778- 
1S33_). iraivadiniral, yoiin({(ait ton of Dr. Wil- 
liam Fellowes, pbyiicioii extmnrdinory to 
George IV when prince regent, and brother 
of Sir Jan)«H F«llitw«i [q. v.], wa* born at 
Minora in 1778. H*> Bened for AOnc years 
on board the sbipsof tb«> Ea^t India Company, 
and entered tbe royal navy in 1707, a* ma»- 
t«;r's mate, on board the ilo^'al 0«o^p>, with 
Captain I>om«tt and Admiral Lord Bridport. 
Ill' wait afterwanU in thv Diana ftigmto with 
Taplain Jonathan Faalkuor, and Ibt^n in tho 
Wwft Indica, serving in dilTer^nt ehips till 
thv piuT". On the reufwal »f the war, W 
wofi Bent out to tbn Eo^t Indies with Sir 
EdwHTil IV-lli-w, and in I W7 was promoted 
IO ibo rank of lieutenant, fie wa» thon for 
some time in tbe N'ortbumberland, fla^ip 
of Sir Aleinnd>-r Cochrane in th«> West In- 
di*i«. In 1W>8~9 hp commanded the Swinger 
and l'ni<iiip brig», in both of which bo had 
tbe opprirtunitv of dmnggoodaerviceagaiiiAt 
the em-mv'« privateers and batteries; on one 
, ofcaaion, 21 May ItfUUJanding with twenty 
I four men at Baaaiiorro of Uuad^'Joupp, and 
aptkiug the guna of a iMUIrtr^- in tho prMenca 
I in a targe fonw of regular tronpa. Ha wa-i the 
I only man of tlu* parly who eoraped unhurt. 
I The UuiiguH was aflcrwardti expi^ndrd aa 
a firosbip, and Fellowes's conduct wa« re- 
wanl<*d with a rmnmUaion aa commander, 
I*!Sept IfW, In Aupiat leiOhewa^ap- 
pointAl to the oommaod of the gunboata At 
Cadii, which he held till the following Jua«, 
tJiougb advanced to poat rank In Marrb. 
During; Ihia time, wo aro told, though a 
tall, aUivt man, h« oentr alept out of tho 
Waiebful's cabin, a bole aortal tett lonff and 
tbrt-e ftwr high ; it ta much more pronblff 
that he fre<]uenrly alopt on tho boat'* deck, 
and that th« alo'ty hia bveo too Ittumlly 



Fellows 



3o» 



Fellows 



interpreted. From February 1812 to Xovem- 
ber 1814 Fellowea commanded the Fawn of 
20 (fiuiB, in the West Indies, with some suc- 
cess against the enemy's privateers, his 'zea- 
lous and octiTe exertions beinfi: formally ac- 
kDowle(]t<fed by the ffOTemor of Curasao, and 
by the merchants, who presented him with a 

Eiece of plate. In June 1615 he was made a 
i.B., andon 22 Feb, 1822 was created a knight 
of the t^pantsh order of Kinf; Charles III, in 
recognition of his services at Cadiz. In 1827 
he commanded the Dartmoutit of 42 guns in 
the Mediterranean, and on 20 Oct, was with 
the fleet at Nuvarino, where his action, in 
trying to remove a Turkish tireship, was the 
immediate cause of the battle [see Codrino- 
Tos, Sir Edward]. For his conduct on that 
occasion, Fellowes, with the other captains, 
received the crosses of the Legion of Honour, 
the second class of St. Anne of Uussia, and 
the Redeemer of Greece. On his return to 
England he was knighted, 13 Feb. 1828, and 
was presented with a sword by the lord high 
admiral. He was created D.C.L. at Oxford 
on23 June 1830. He continued in command 
of the Dartmouth till 1830 ; in 183^ he com- 
manded the Pembroke of 74 guns on the 
Lisbon station ; and the following year was 
moved into the Vanguard of 80 guns in the 
Mediterranean, at that time considered the 
crock ship in the service. From lHi3 to 1840 
lie was superintendent of the hospital and 
victualling yard at Plvmouth, Afti^r he was 
promoted to be rear-admiral on 2(i July 1817, 
he residod, for the most part, at Taraerton 
Foliot, near Plymouth. He died on 12 April 
1853. 

Fellowes was twice married, and left issue, 
among others, V'ice-ndmirii! 8ir Chiirles Fel- 
lowps, who died in 1886, while in command 
of the Channel squadron. 

[O'Ryrno's N:vv. Biog. Diet. ; Marshall's Roy. 
Nav. Itioa;. vi. (Supplement, pt. ii.) 317 : Gent. 
Mag. 1853, now aur. uiix. 6o3.] J. K. L. 

FELLOWS, SiK CHARLES (17!)9- 
18(10), traveller and archreologist, son of John 
Fellows, a banker and a gentleman of fortune, 
was bom at Nottingham in August 1799, 
and when only fourteen illustrated a trip to 
the ruins of Newstead Abl>ey by sketches 
which twenty-tive years afterwards appeared 
on the title-page of Moore's ' Life of Jiyron.' 
In early life he travelled through a great part 
of Britain, and in 1820 settled in London, 
wliere ho became an active member of the 
BritiahAssociation. On^oJuly 1827,incom- 
pany with Mr. William Hawes, he made the 
tliirteentU recorded ascent of Mont Blanc, 
and took a new route to the summit, which 
has sitice been geQerally used. After the 



death of his mother in 18S2 he passed the 
greater part of the next ten years in Italy or 
Greece, or on the shores of the Jjerant. On 
12 Feb. 1838 he landed at Smyrna, whence 
his explorations in part of ttie interior of 
Asia Minor Led him to districts unknown to 
Europeans, and he thus discovered the ruins 
of a number of cities which existed earlier 
than 300 B.C. Entering Lycia he explored 
the river Xanthus from the mouth at Patara 
upwards. Nine miles from Patara he found 
the ruins of Xanthus, the ancient capital of 
Lycia. About fifteen miles further up he 
came upon the ruins of Tlos. After taldng 
sketches of the most interesting objects, and 
copying a number of inscriptions, he returned 
to England, where his publication of 'A 
Journal written during an Excursion in Asia 
Minor,' London, 1839, created auch an 
amount of interest that Lord Palmerston, at 
the request of the trustees of the British 
Museum, applied to the sultan of Turkey 
for permission to bring away a number of the 
Lycian works of art. Late in 1839 Fellows 
again set out for Lycia, accompanied by 
Qeorge Scharf, who assisted htm in sketch- 
ing. The result of this second visit wa^ 
the discovery of thirteen ancient cities, alt 
containing works of art, but permission could 
not be obtained from the Porte for the re- 
moval of any of the monuments or sculptures. 
In 1841 appeared ' An Account of Discoveries 
in Lycia, being a Journal kept during a second 
Excursion In Asia Minor. By C Fellows.' 
In October 1841, at the request of the autho- 
rities of the British Museum, he set out on 
his third expedition. Difficulties, however, 
again ensued, and he was obliged to repair to 
Constantinople to make a personal application 
for another flrman. The English government 
moreover had entirely neglected to provide 
funds for the expenses of the inland travel- 
ling, and Fellows, to prevent great waste of 
time, advanced the money to enable the work- 
men to proceed. The party landed at the 
month of the Xanthus river on 26 Dec, and 
in June 1842 seventy-eight cases of architec- 
tural remains and beautiful sculptures were 
sent to Malta. In the fourth and most famous 
expedition in 1844 he had the management 
of a large party, consisting of a hundred 
men from the royal navy, stonecutters from 
Malta, men from Rome for taking casts, car- 
penters, interpreters, &c., and twenty-seven 
additional cases were forwarded to England. 
These valuable remains, which added much 
to our knowledge of ancient architecture and 
sculpture, are now exhibited in the entrance 
hall and in the Archaic room at the British 
Museum. 
The moat ootoworthy places illustrated 



Feiltham 



303 



Feiltham 




fbr ihiae kUc* mo Xftutliug, l*iuani, Patara, j in 1031. iit the ago of Bixty-two. Acoonling 
j 'Jim, ilyn, mud Uljnipiu). lu lt44 Foltoira j loiwnpi'difrn^c^tutlit.-UruiitUMitsHUin {ttat' 
pivstinlMl lo thu niua'um V\a poftfoUw, aa- 1 leian mSS. .'SStil, f. 'D, uid Iltt9, f. 81), ho 
I counts of liU fX>MKliiiiiii», and Hpedmetis of nuLrri>->l Marr, tlnti)[)it>>r nf Cluptun oE Kuiil- 
nauirul ItUtory ifloalrative of lAcia. well Hall, MotforJ, Suffnlk. At the aire of 

Incnnt^lucnoeofwjiDwniwstiitvmimlawliieb eifflitwii Ii±' puKttiliiKl a first vt-nion of the 
hud appearet) in print, Fellnim in li^lS nub- ' lU-tiuiviut,' n stTiei of moral eiuars, hi- which 
Ushed a punplilet «utitK<d 'Tlio Xunihian h«)i>i;hii;tlyknun-n. For some time he aeotns 
Marht«s,tlieir AcquvMtion nn<l Transmiiisjon to Imvo aflflorialfd in \\\v. ciipacity either of 
to England.' In tratislatins: anil olucidating ! mcretary or chapldtn with th« family of the 
thu iuKri|i(tOiu iu the lirst ufliis JouraaUho I-Inrl nf Tlioni'^iic), 6>>ttltKl ol OnMt Itilling, 
ma »sristod by Jamp« Yutoo; in tltaiu of Northaniplon.'^liin.'. Tho linal ^tioii6 of the 
ihowcond bylJanielSharpf.pre.'ridentor tliP , ' Jt«^»olve»' are d«dicat>.-d lo Mary, duwajivr 
(iiMtlnf^inil Society, fin 7 May 18 lo hi^ was counttMC ofThotnond, ' William If nhiiwin,' of 
ifhtcd by the qiiwn ui Si. JamWw I'alace, the coUedir<! of thv Society of Jesiw iiiC'adix,' 
an acknowli^tiinpntof hi* Af-rrices in the , toldFt-lllham,inMl<-tt.'riiAtiKlI)>'ci-inb>'rltt:}7 
i\-iil nf tbo XaiilMuu antiijuitiuv to Uus (priiiti;d at L'ud of 'KePolTeA.'Sth edit.), that 
conatry.' )ti nil tho i?x|N-<li(timii bn paid hiit be had 'animi^'Mt ralholicks lost a great d«fll 
own oxpense.*, and n<<Ti>TBtftnytitaerwoivcd of crudit' by hi.t tii\t»«Qth lt4Soiva *of the 
anypt-euuiaryreTVunlfroiulhenatifun. During choice nf Ri-liirion,' wLicli stati<d rcurms for 
the luitcrpartof hl*lifv be re»id«d in tho lelo ' rirerpmnglh.^,Vn^'licnn to the Roman dmreh. 
of ^Vigbl. Qccupyins bis time with a^rricul- I FiilltliatD replie't that hv wu uol a evbolar 
Miral piinnitE. uc aiti at 4 ^lonto^u Place, by proft--<«ton. ' My bookzi have bMii my Hv- 
KusM-11 S(|nKP.<, London, C^ Nov. letiO. llv liKhtaodrwrvatiiin.but not mv trade, though 
ma.rri.tiSral.^.'ifh:!. 1846, E!»», only dftUjjli- pLThups I could wish tbfv hniV' In another 
nf Francis Han (if Xoilinghnin; ghvdied | ttitl'ir, addrttsHL^d 'lu the Lord (^. .t. U.'(i.«. 

('hi0f-ju»iic-cKt(diunlMin),F[>lltluim describes 
him^^If as * hoinft put upon A Trval for vindi- 
catitiutliri right Mf ihi-Antieut Jnhi-ritaiUMof 
my Farailv, gainisl friMu mc by a Verdict laiit 
AJuiMa, W what nieans I thall furVitr to 
fpcak.' and oont^tulatea himAtdf on huving^ 
bia cose 'liiwrd bcforo voiir Lunlahip.' No 
reconl of the lawHutt hiM Wim diiwoit^nHl. 
FLOhki(in'»|K)cmsi'xh!hitAtrnnifroTali.it syjxf 



3 Jan. 1M7; find «Koiidly, 1'2 June 1848, 
Ilarriel, widow erf William Knijrht of <)ak- 
laadf,UiTtfordshire;»h«diwU»M>ircblK74. 
Benidcit tlio worlu aln^adynifiilioDL'd Fol- 
kiws was the author of: 1, ' A Narrativ* of 
an Ascent to lbt< Summit of Mont Rlanc,' 
1827. 2. 'Lycin. Caria, Lydia, iUustrotwd 
by (r. Scharf, with descriptive lctierpre« 
bT ('. Fclluwi." Port i. ISIT. Xo more 



t>uhli»hKl. 3. 'An Account of the Ionic {lathitu. In lti»liu(t liii<-« of the '^nitapu to 

*>__.i__». ^. .1 -. V — .!...-> tliH Elemal Matnoryof Obarl<>*th.> Viriit . , , 

Inhumniudy u)iirth?r«dby apcrtidiuuit Party 
of niB preTnlont Subi«t*,' ne talka of thn 
dead king as 'Chrifit tlic Second.' FGlltliam 
waa wpII known to the liierary men of hU 
lime. We T^\ti.^\ lo Ben Joniioa a ode, ' C-<jin» 
learetht>loalbMtilaau'(»vv.£uMfnii,I«'(>.XX.), 
and Liin);)tMinf prcfem-d the 'aharp It*>ply 
mad« by the iugwiioua Mr. Fellham' to the 
answen of Thorn** (^in-wnnd 8ir John 8uck- 



TropUy Monununt oscavatod at XanIhu^' 
I-MH. 4. 'TrnV'.dB and lEititrnruhm iu ;\aia 
Minor, mnn' porticiilarly in the ProTinM of 
Lycia,' IS-W. T>. *(?oias of ancient Lycia 
befor^r I \w ItiH^n of A Iwximtlur, with an Gsaay 
on tb<- relativ HuKiit of Lycian Motiumenta 
io the British Museum,' Itioo. 

(Gvat. Mj^. Januar? 18«1. pp. 103-*; Rncy- 
eiofwdia Biilonnira (IS70). ix. 6": C. Itrovo's 
Uve* of NotticLgliMitstiirt Wortlnai* (ISSli), pp. 



^ 



911 

nai 

f».l - - - (i.C.B. 

FILLTHAM, 0\VKN (lfl02?-1608). 
author iif ' lU*>lv<»," w»« sun of Tliomiw FclU- 
bam of Slutford in ^ulTutk, and of MarVf 
dausbiLT of Jehu I'tUtt" :•{ Somi^rleyton ni 
SuffoIV. IV.tiKiLalim-pitrtph iTi t becbuTt'liof 
Jin i'nbridt^ihiri". wrii,l'-u by Owen 

up ' r.and iiriiitri) niiionK bia povms 

in' ' :inn.iotth<i*lt(M-->lvefi,"itnppi.'unf 

ihi' lit! fit--cvind or rhird son riiatii 

iiu ni.iu'rrn]') of n family of thrt-^ ftoun 



TTMB Narrallvy of aii Accent uf mig. ThoioM Randolpli, Joui>on> adopted 
S28). ed. hy SirB. Haww; Jour- »„_ who wrote in Ji.ii.on'* defence, was 
L-oerr.&x. t»«'J).rai.pp.^c3uii- tftcpwards aoiunintwl with Feiltham. and 

nennvdaKnonddrfw 'loMiwter Felihani on 
his book of Kt-Holv'M.' fnllof «nthiuia«tic and 
>!lociuent praise. Ft- lltharo coutribiilud to ctta 
* Annalia Dubr(rn.«ia,' l<!3tl, and to ' Jouwiniu 
VirbjiiK,' publi^lii."] iu Iten J<jnK'>»'s momory 
in lfL%^ He di<Kl and wa^ buri<^ at Onnt 
Billing early in Il)08. Hih willischantclxr- 
ixlic. He dK*iTil><-9t himtelf &« of (Jreat 
Rilling, where he decirca to bo buried, tNtt 
depriMnlvs more than SOI. being »pcat on hia 
funeral Hi* brother* ltob«irt ami Thomiw 




tiavo dau^Uturs, aud that hia father dted ^ audaL-veraluuphuwaaadnioGWArumuatioaud 



Felltham 



!04 



Felltham 



in tliv documifDL To Iim u(')>lit-w, ' Thomas 
I'VUl liuin, mintsivr,' lie be^itcui bs Lis books of 
dtviiiity. His property included leMes ot 
•Citht-i\ogh,' Ir«ljuid, and ' Cmtdifb Keale.' 
CO. CUrw- H« uuikea lii« uirjiliKW Owen, ' of 
Ornya Inn,' his fiolo Bxucutor, und ■ckuow- 
ledgm (jiwcinl «blipili<ni« Ui tlin Dowager 
(,'-ount««n f>f Thnmond, TTie will, dalcd 4 May 
liMT, was proved '^2 April Hm. A Utiii 
epitaph, trnltt-n by liitnM'lf forliinown tomb, 
tit pn[iT(.><l in tiJ!) work.4. 

Fetltkam'B first publicAtion (llfnio, n. d. 
3^7 pp.l, iMued when he wu eiiihteoD, won 
iMit itW ' llo«olvea, Divmt<, MorslT, I'oHticaU, 
by Owin FcUtbam' [1020:'1. It is d<fdi(au«dio 
ijidy Dunjiliy (.Vaiio, Jau^liU-r ' to the right 
liiniorahle and Ib-ligioiut, the Lord Uobart,' 
and cooEiEl^ of a buiidrud short usMTt uuid* 
Wntl, but wiiJi ntiilltiir titles nor index. A 
second Mlition appeufld in quarto in 16^8, ac- 
companii^l irv 'Atjeooudn (V'nturU-,' wbicli 
lalcf* thn'C tinww tlie space of the tirst, and 
isdwlieutwllo Lord C-ovtf ctry.l he lord liwiwr. 
In an addrMs ' to thn reader*' hii dttfends rho 
ubeenoa of authuriliv*, and bia tninalatioD of 
I^atin T«rMi i|Uittatirin8. Each Iteaolrc in tbtd 
bditinn ban a I'hnrt litl<\ This vulume uajt 
n.<publi«bi^Ml in lfl2S, with Ibe motto 'Sic dt- 
mulceo vitam,' which is reiaim-d in all itub- 
ficqu on I editions. TTmfourtheiJitioiiapiwMriHi 
in ItJ31. wirb ihc title 'Resolriw, a I>uplu 
Century,' and 'a largp AlpliabftJcaU Tabli.' 
lher«unln:' it rtiVLTw-* the ctrA^r of thn c^n- 
lurlee. Tliu linh, aixth, and seventh editions 
«jip«ar«d in-tto in 1B»4, 1630, and 1(>47 rc«peo- 
tivoly, without further vhausc The ei^tb 
MlilJon of IfiOl, Ibe first in folio. i« dvdirfltcd 
to Mary, dowagi'r couiittts^ uf Thoaioiid, sad 
eujiplieii a tboruujfhly i«vi»»d veroion of tho 
(larluv urii» of enaaya, many of them being , 
alteivd.and Bflecn omiltud. With th<>ut are 
liiiiind up two dix.*icrtat ions, eulill«d ' Some- 
thini; upon K(!clGt). ii. U,' and 'upon !St. , 
Luke xiv. 20,' which an* gtiod fxauiplo* of lUi> 
aiitbnr'* i>tyk' at it^bpst j 'Limoria, or (>cca- I 
isinniil riec'-s. "WilhaTasteofpnmoI/etlvrn,' | 
(•onaiiitinKof ibirty-rint' poi'nw ami two Latin i 
(.'piCupli!-: 'A Urinf Cbamcter of the Jjo«- 1 
Ooimtrii-x,' firat published »fpnrfllc!y in IH52; 
and niniitfcn Itilters, of wbidiall but one are ■ 
by FoUtliam. Tho author's Latin epitaph on 
hiDiMlf conoludca the rolumi'. Tbtii i-uitiou 
wa«reprinl»dinfolioin 11170,1077, and 1696. 
Tlii^tn-c1fihandla«tof the early editions issued 
po^lh^mllJU*^ly is in ih'o, 1709, and according 
to a note on the title-pafre has • the UnpiiagR 
refined.' It also contalua for the fuet timu 
' A Fonu uf Prayer composed for t he Family 
oftheRijrht Honorable the Coimiesa of Tbo- 
raond.' 'Tho Ifeautiw of O. l'., aclocled from 
hisBesolTOfl.. .byJ.Vine/BpptwrvdinltJmo 



in IHOO; a SMond olition in llhoa fotloi 
inlSIS. In l^IJuiufjCumminfpubliBbi 
an unjmttfiably ^rbled etiilion uf^thw 'Ri 
solves * with a carvful introduction ; a atvc 
i^ditiimcamt! imt in 1M20. Pick'.'rinj; in 1^ 
rvprintod ilic quarto of 1631, Thi> iJtti 
fidin (ItH'l ) vi.<r)(i'>n of Ihp enrlier e»«ayB ' 
thus not bwn ri-print<~il in mftdcrii timi-*. 
IG&lifF'jlUhnm published -A Urief Chantec 
oflhcl^uft- 1 '-Hint ri»!» under the Stale*. 
llireR wi^kH" Obfti^rvation of the Vices saS 
Vertiies of the Inhabitants,' 1:^010. It ba« 
the motto *Xoni'criaftcmpcr,'ajid a letter I 
the print4>r ro in plaining that two pirated tfl 
aioiis had been previotwly iasued. A piratt 
tfibtioii, called ' Thniu Moai'tha Ubaurraiioii 
of the Low tl'ounlric*, ™i»-ci«lly Holbii; 
Containing a brief Uottcriptionof tue Oounti 
(.'uMoiiu-:;, K<-li)rian», Manner*, and iJiaj 
tions oftht5 People,' 16-18, 13ino,wiur«priut 
in lOe*.*, with thf> title ' A true and exi 
riianicii^r of ihi? Ijow Count n'yM,cspeciB 
Holland. Or the Hulobman analouiited at 
truly dii«ccl«l. Being the seriea of Tlinsi"' 
Mun<-lh,«, &c.' The aulhoriMd edition was 
publitljed a^in in l^inn in 1060, and iy;ain 
in 1G<'.L'. when ' liy Owen Fellham. K^^q.' ajv- 
]H'»rttd oit the tilli'-pft^o- It alao appeared in 
the eighth edition of the ' RmdIv>s%.' Th« 
odp to IVn Jonson was r^rinted by Lan 
liaine and by .\brabAni Wrif^ht in his ' Pi 
uassufi Biee|)e.' FellthBm'& poems an> few J 
number, but 'varivd in style; sotneharei 
aiderabtc merit, and none ora oout^sinniil 
llispnwc, after enjoying much pipnViril 
wa»alui«st tutallv nej^lcclcd till Ciunmiuj 
eiUlton of 1806. Vhoniaa Cnnttabli', in * T 
ili-ct ions upon Accuracy of Style,' Lfindfl 
17S1, 1738, criticised the 'iWlvex' 
verstdy. Hallaiu i»«jiinllywv"'rf,'. Awnt 
in the 'llt'lrosjwctiTe Review' pntnta 
that ihc ' [{.■siilvrt*' bear a rMMtnblancv 
miinnc-r, and Htill mom in mnltttr, to 
'Fsjknys'of I-^rdlJacon ; but the rF<!wmbUnc 
i« only oi'cimional. and t« obscured by i ' 
neea for rouceiiB ami a straining aitc 
whicli mnkc tho book tedious to a 
Ti'nder; Felltham is wilboul Bacon's uoi 
ofarrani^emcntaiidoondeiiaation. The'Hr 
Cliaravtcr'ia witty and uoaffecU'd, ud 
reailahle. 

[Brit. Mux. Cat. and Lambeth Libnuy: Pnrj'a 
8nlti>tk PeaiKTiH-a in Brit. Mv». A^iL M8 1!»lf 
aad 19139; Oiuuni liticaria. 180&, vii. 3} 
RfllrospMtiTfi IWisw. IS-ii. I. .H3: 
•latils's I\«fl«i7tiuii> Ufvn Accontpy ofSlytj 
pp. 71-3. 106-T; W. Giflbi*i'« Jooeod.' 
ix. 3»3 ; lieri\rd Iitnebain«'s English ]>ra»l 
Ports, OxrorJ. imt ;T. Ilaiidolph'sWoHca, IS" ^_ 
Uii1Um'sLit.orKarofi«,I6.'i-l,ii.4K'>lAivbd«airob 
Pavbimy's VindieiK MclaaliD Asgtieatu^ 1] 



Felton 



305 



Felton 



Dlm,ad. Coipmiiic, iSiO, ivnil hj l*iektnng, 
'1S4C; ootM from Will OSc« fciiullj' Kup^iod hy 
Dlr. Gonl'D GoiMJirin.] R. B. 

FELTON, HKNRY, D.D. (1670-1740). 
(livitK*, inn Iwrii in tlw pariiili nf SU Mar- 
ti n-in-thivFipldii 8 Feb. 1079. Hia oarliur 
edQcation wu nt Cliimiiis in Buckingliain- 
thtn, ■vthnnct ho was remoroA to TVeAtmin- 
filer, unilt;r Dr. IIiubT, and fioally to ttiu 
I Chftrter house, wlit-r*i he lwc4imw n priTnt* 
^^bupil of Dr. Wnlk^r, th^ beaii-iiuf«ter. In 
^Bauv time he entered 8t. Kdmund Tlnll, 
^KOxford, of trhich ]>r. John Mill, thi; learned 
^■•ditor of thtf (.jr««k Testament, wax then 
^^ principal, and wbcre ho had for his tutor 
TbQmui« MilU, sft«rwuds buliop of Water" 
ford. He procefxled to his degreea in tho 
usual ooune, takitif; his M.A. in Juoo 170S ; 
»n<i in IV«*inb«ir iif I he umo i-ear triw ot^ 
ilnini^d desron in tho (.'bajMil Uoyal, Wliito- 
^_ hall, tv l>r. Llnj*', hislinp «f \\'itrc»'iiter. In 
^■Jiim- I'Ot he WAX udmilled to prifwi's orders 
^Bby l.'fimplon, btj>ho[i of London. AL'<7ordin)r 
»o lK«nio ho thi-n left tho university nJid 

I'becatuQ an imminent preacher ui and about 
lAndoo.' On 7 Julv 1706 Ilearne (AfS. 
J>iaru*, x\. H7) bvanl n ' nr«t vrcU-iMinued 
dtsrAurae'deltvenTd bv Felton at St, Alar>'a 
on an Act-t^undny. triiame Mya (luit ftr. 
)liU hid alwavK hem ' ritry tr>ugli ' tu Felton, 
and voulil not appear at the church. Heame 
adds: 'Mr. Follou lal«ty put out a KixMmny 
pamphlcl hfrainfit th« pnishylfriiuis of Cole- 
^■ornnkc, which ha§ the chnrncttT of one of 
^K*lt'.' be*J itamphlctH thiit haTi- bivn wrilt-on.' ' 
^^u'rubnhly ihit* appeared in the early part of , 
^H37U<{, Olid is Feilou'a first publifAl'ion, Tn 1 
^^1708 hu undurtuuk thu cam of iho V.n^- 
liah chordi at AniDtcnlani, but r«!tunie<d to 
|^^!ngland in the following ytar, and bt^ennio 
^Hiamiwtic chaplain to tliu Diikv of Kutlnnd. 
^Hkn olEoe which h« retaint>il nndcr ibivc iinc- 
^■oessiro dukes. On U -luly 1709 he took tho 
^■<I<V^*<* "f l^-H. In Iill he publiched hia 
I ' Puaertation on Reading tltc ClaBaos and 
fomiuft a just 8lTh>,' K work that h« had 
written fiir li!Apu]Hl,.Tohn,lr>nl ItooA, or Una, 
•fterwardif third l>uke of lUitbind, It woa 
[>ular in its day, and pasnod thmuf h dorcral 
litioni. fteaniccallRit * a very light, foolish I 
erforuifttice,' 

In 1711 FuIlOD vriu preivnted to thv rvc- 
irv of Whirwoll in IWbvahiro by the se- 
in'd Pakt'of Rutland. <>n r> July 1712 he 
' ' to iliv dt^fT^'H of ]).n. Il4iui)e ■ 
I \pnl 17:^2): * Ypsti^rriay ninminff | 

i. ;.; . . !ton, I>.r>..of Que«n'«Colli>»n*, very ' 
unanitn'^ii-My clcrti'i) principal of IvlmuTid 
Hall. He preached imroediatjily before the 
lion io the i-othffi' ('ha|ifl. and inad<^, I 
I told, ui eicellcnl Mrmon.' Iluamo's sub- 
roi.. xnii. 




Mquent notices are dlBparaginff and eren viru- 
lent. In 172ij l-Vlton pmuicluxl before the 
university on luuitwr day a aermon on ' 'I'he 
RMunvction of th« eame numerical hody, and 
itn ntuntun to th4 um9 soul, auniiiitt Mr. 
Locke'a notion of pereonnlitj^ and identify.' 
This iwrmon excit^ considerable attvntion, 
and went throiish thre^ <^ditiotin, the lust of 
which waa in 1733. in which ^ear he preached 
a mcond on ths ' Universality and Urd«r of 
the Ri^riurrectioo, beinr 11 Scqud 10 tb«t 
wherein the Pertonal Identity is asserted/ 
This is dcdieatM to Bishop Smallhrooke, 
Chandler'* successor, Whit well, Felton's 
boncBcc, being in Lichfield dioccae. In 1727 
hv is^uod n small and usvlul tract vntttlcd 
' The Common I*M>p]A tnuglit Io defend their 
Communion with tho Caurcb of England 
againH tho atleinpts and insinuations of 
Piipifih emi.viarifu. In a nialofiue between 
a Popish l>iest and n Plain Oountrymmti.' 
In 1 (.^0 »pp<«r«d tho ' Chufactor of a Good 
Princ«. A tiermon l>efore the L'nireraity of 
Oxford, II June 1730, being the day of His 
Mtycety's limugunition.' 

In \72ti-\i be preached ihe Lady Sloycr 
Ivclumi at St. Paul's, which hi'' publiithi'4 at 
Oxfonl in 173L', undtT ilie title of ' The Chria- 
tian Faith asserted against Di-ists, Arian'^, 
and SiJcinians, Jtc. To whicli in pn^lixed a 
Tery lar^t' Prnfiice concerning the Light and 
Law of Nature, and the Expediency and 
Necessity of Revelation.' This, his greateat 
work, ia dedicated toOibson, bishop of Lon- 
don. In ira-') ho publi).he<l at Ox/ord 'The 
Scripture Dovi rlno of the Resurrection as it 
ftlood bcJbre tlie Law,' and in 1796 'Tho 
Sk:riptur(i Ductrino in (ho Books of 3i[uaiM 
and Job.' Tbcte, and oou or two occasional 
M-rmons, are apparently all ibe works pub- 
li§he^ in hie liiolime. In 1730 hia patruu 
and fonni-r {Mtpil, thi^ tbinl Dukwof Untliind, 
then chancellor of th» duchy of Lancaster, 

frvMOlitl hini to the rwtory of Bnr«-ick-in- 
'Aram, Yortihire. llo died on 1 Marrb 
1740, and was buried in the cbancel of tho 
church of Borwick. 

fjome years after his doatfa, his son, tlto 
Rev. WilliAm Fcltoo, in 174^, publishMl a 
set of sermons on tbu crvalion, full, rvdemp- 
tion, &c., wbicli he bad preached in Whit- 
well and Barwick chun:lii<*, and whieb bo 
had inlvudi.'d fur tlw pntta. To this work 
the editor preflxed a skatch of his fether'a 
life and ehsroctor, 

[Uffl bv l-'«ltoD'i ioa; Utamo'a MS. Dianas 
to tb« Itodloinn Library,] R. U-b. 

FELTON, JOHN (A 1430>, divine, was 
fullow of St. Mary >iAgdftlcn Collego, Ox- 
ford, and professor of th«olog7, and 'vieanus 



Felton 



306 



Felton 



MagdalensiBOxonii extra muros.' HisEeslaB 
& preacheT ^aed him the tiftme of ' homilis- 
riua'or 'concionator;' for though, as Leland 
tells U8, he vras ' an eager student of philo- 
Bophy and theology,' yet ' the mark towards 
which he earnestly pressed with eye and 
mind was none other than that by his con- 
tinual exhortations ho might lead the dwellers 
on the Isia from the filth of their vices to the 

{lurity of virtue.' He published several vo- 
umea of sermons, compiled from various 
sources, which are prefaced bythe statement 
that the 'penuria studentium' had moved 
him to make this compilation ' de micis quas 
collegi qure cadebant de mensis dominorum 
meorum,Januensi8,PariBiensi9,Lugduncn3is, 
Odonis, et cteterorum.' He left behind him : 
1. 'Alphabetum theologicum ex opusculis 
Itob. Orost. collectum.' 2. ' Sermones Domi- 
nicalcs ' (fifty-eight in number ; there are 
three copies among the Harleian MSS. in 
the British Museum, one of which contains 
a note stating that the sermons were finished 
inl431). 3. Two other volumesof 'Sermones.' 
4. ' Lectune sacno Scripturtc.' 5. ' Pers Pere- 
grin!.' A note on the margin of one of his 
works declares that in 1420 he made a present 
of books to Balliol College. 

[Tanner's Bibliotheca, 276; Fits, 6^4; Bale, 
vii. 93 ; Leland'H De Scriptoribus Britnnnicia, 
402 (De Joanne Vicario).] R. B. 

FELTON, JOH\ (d. 1570), catholic lay- 
man, was descended from an ancient family 
in Xorfolk. He was a gentleman of large 
property, and resided at Bermondsey Abbey, 
near Southwark, Surrey. His wife had been 
maid of honour to Queen Mary, who just 
before her death recommended her to Queen 
Elizabeth. Indeed, Elizabeth held lier in 
great respect, for they had been friends and 
companions in childhood, and on this account 
Mrs, Felton was favoured with a special 
grant to keep a priest in her house. When 
Pius V published the bull of excommunica- 
tion and deprivation against Elizabeth, Felton 
obtained copies of it from the Spanish am- 
bassador's cnaplain, who immediately left 
tliQ kingdom. Felton published the bull in 
this country by affixing a copy to the gates 
of the Bishop of London's palace between 
two and three o'clock of tne morning of 
15 May 1570. The government, surprised 
at and alarmed by this daring deed, at once 
ordered a general search to be mode in all 
suspected places, and another copy of tlie 
bull was discovered in the chambers of a 
student of Lincoln's Inn, who confessed, 
when pat to the rack, that he had received 
it from Felton. The next day the lord 
mayor, the lord chief justice, and the two 



sherifis of London, with five hondred halber- 
diers, surrounded Bermondsey A bbey early 
in the morning. Felton, guesaiuf their er- 
rand, opened the doors and gave himself into 
their custody, firankly admitting that he had 
set up the bull. He was conveyed to the 
Tower, where he was placed on the rack, but 
he resolutely refused to make any further 
confesKon. 

He was arraigned at Quildhall on 4 Aug. 
1570, and on the 8th of the same month was 
drawn on a sledge to St. Paul's churchyard, 
where he was hanged in front of the episcopal 
palace. He said that be gloried in the deed, 
and proclaimed himself a martyr to the papal 
supremacy. Though he gave the queen no 
other title than that of the Pretender, he 
asked her pardon if he had injured her; and 
in token that he bore her no malice, he sent 
her a present, by the Earl of Essex, of a 
diamond ring, worth 400/., which he drew 
from his finger. His body was beheaded 
and quartered, ' and carried to Xewgate to 
be parboiled, and bo set up, as the other 
rebels were.' 

Felton was low of stature, and of a black 
complexion; naturally of a warm temper, 
and almost ungovernable where the interest 
of his religion was concerned. His plate 
and jewels, valued at 33,000/., were seized 
for tlie queen's use. He was beatified by 
decree of Pope Leo XIII, dated 29 Dec. 
1886. 

' The End and Confession of John Felton, 
the Itank Traytor, who set up the traytorous 
Bull on the Bishop of Londons Gate. Ry 
J, Partridge,' published at London, 1570, is 
reprinted in Morgan's ' Phoenix Britannicus,' 
p. 416, and in Howell's 'State Trials,'). 1086. 
' Tlie Arraignment & Execution of lohn 
Felton, hanged and quartered for treason in 
Paules Churchyard, Aug. 8,' in verse, 1570, 
8ro,was licensed to Henry Bynneman(AHES, 
Ti/fMffr. Antiq. ed. Herbert, p. 970). 

Felton left a son Thomas (1567?-ir.88), 
who is separately noticed, 

[Manuscript aceoQDt of Felton by bisdaaghter, 
Mn. Salisbury, quoted in Dodd'i Church Hist, 
ii. 101 ; Kennett MS. 47. f. 6S ; Circagno'a Ec- 
cleaise Anglicaun Trophnn, pi. 30 ; Strype's 
Aylmer, p. 34; Strypes Annals, iti. Append, 
pp. 107, 198, fol.; Btrype's Parker, p. [450] 
fol. ; Siindeni'a Anglican Schism, p. 316; Cam- 
den's Annates (1635), p. 126; Bridgewat^'s 
Concertatio Eoeleaia Catholics, ii. 42 ; Stow'a 
Annates (1616), p. 667 ; Fuller's Church HisL 
(Brewer), iv. 388 ; Yepes. Hist, do la Persecu- 
cion de Inglatena, p. 289 ; Ames's Typofir- 
Antiq. (Herb(>rt), pp. 931, 1039; Stanton's Me- 
nology, p. 386; Lingard's Hist, of England 
(1840), VI. 224; Tablet, 16 Jan. 1887, pp. 81, 
82.] T. C. , 



FKLTOU, JOHN (lW5P-]62e),ii««i«iti 

> l>ulie of Riirking'hAin, wu of n ffoffolk 

AccgnliiiK to ttiv Btatcment of ibc 

mntiqiianr, John Hous {Dian/fCtanA. 

c. [I. '27). 'hv VfOB borneneore loSudbuiy.' 

/ibcuDW I'flton is known to Itave been iv- 

reiiilow, SulTolk, Lu the neieh- 

of SuillfUn,-, in l-'iyo, anil it u<u 

BOneeleil that tLis whh Jnliii FtItoii'« 
lUter {SuJfiilfL Imtitufe of ArrAtnJvs/!/ -ft^"- 
Iy. 30-40). Jle was r«rtainl;cfituiect«d with 
'tlic anal Janiily of I-Vllon euttliN] tt Fliij'ford, 
BuHitlk, w)ioM> cbii'r, llMirj, wat CH>ftted & 
bfliHiiK't in )(tl>0,aad be claimed ivUtionshtj) 
wiM) (ti# i'lnrlnnil CoitnleM of Anmili'l. 8ir 
Sinuind? Il'Kirfii fuivii be v,'f» ' a ^ntleinan 
i;of Terr ancient familie of Rciitrie in Siitrnlk.' 
ills Ri'ttborvrae Elenmir, dnvicbtiT of Wil- 
liam Wngbt, ma^r'or of Uurbain. and li>> lisd 
brolhar liMmund (Cai. State Papfr*, IMm. 
m-Jxi 2, pp. 321, 310J. Fvllvn <riilvr«d tli« 
bumv M ut early age, and bu Uft band -WM 
nawmd tiwlen hy a wound. 11« mrvcd aa 
a liwulMiajit, n]iptu«nLly Id a Cn(itai» lie*, 
jnder Sir Edward Cecil at Cadii in 10:>Ji. 
Iwaj9 wrly and ranrmw, btt wait impopubir 
itbhiBCOmradpj.and hi-UBaidtohaTeouar- 
witli ^ir Ili'ory Ilungate on tbe Cfldiz 
i>TBgt\ ]lun^(it(- wiut A favnarite wilb ibn 
>uke of Buckiogbam, and D'lDwes attributes 
rVltoii'* failure tof^in promotion in tbt- nnny 
i]iiuigBt«*siBiIuencvwitb cbtiduke. Whilo 
' expedition of 1027 was being: oreaniMNi, 
L'lton Iwico applitxl fur mtnmaodofa coiu- 
iiir,<>nlli« &n>Loccai>innl>t^iii);rKCommende(i 
V Sir Willifim t'vedale.and on the Mcond bv 
ir William lii-cbur, Iml wnn rvfun-d in IhiIIi 
Clan^ndon nntf-a tliat he tb^r^ 
gkTO ttp his cotnmiBgiDn, but this is 
ij incorrect. H<- mnA- at loa-'loncpi-r- 
actinl application to Buck in^bam. and pl«advd 
^tbaL without n. captain's ^lB<■«• bu could not 
Thp diike answon-d ilial he would haTi' 
I ban^ if he could not livff. Whetbfrrornot 
■ jmnod tbe expedition of i(i'27 i* uncertain, 
ii i» undoulitt-d tiiat b« luibuurvd tbt; 
n|frk-«t fiflinifs a||;BiuBt ItuekiDfibAni. In 
uly l^JH bo L-inpIuTcd a M:rivi'D«ruf Uol> 
nni naiiiM <tM>r)^ WiUougbbv to draw up 
i>Liiiiiiif< for airoarsuf paff'wbicb.Dci'ordLn^ 
btM own arcounl, ^xcwdod W/. ll^ wax 
if&ring grvAt p<)vprty at. tho time, and bin 
aoroaonBH ami ' ' ' TeiuinK'. 

I one of bit vi >&»' bin 

1 WiUoUjlbiTt miimuf; npju- I'T pnblic 

liatribiilion oi the * rtmt una trancv,' drawn tip 
ibi'parliani-i-' ■" t--i.T» in tbe previous 
)ni>. Ill' obT iiaiion ton-ad tbu 

ip'7, rSpTCM<'i ..h.m Willi its lU'Dtl- 

«nd ]>urrliaH'<i a trnttM-ripl. I-'ellun 
always bean a rrader, and bia library 



lent. 



aow ini-Iudwl th« rvmon^traoc?, the attack 
on Buokingfaani bv Dr. Oeoi^ Rfjlioham 
[q. r.], and ' The Uold«D Epistles,' Le. pn^ 
nablythftVolainebySirf!<^nlu*vFenton[q.T.] 
PiTUJwloftb^se works combin&dwiibbisM'nN 
of private injnry led bim to plan lluckiiig- 
ham'a asdasaination. Un TueMav. 19 Aug., 
he obtained a little monty from ^ia molhtr, 
Elf-anor l-'i-ltun,wlii'ilodffvdatBh8benlaflb»r^s 
in Fliwl Street, and nnaounc«dbu intcntico 
of f^ing to rort«moulh, where Ituckin^bam 
was prv^iariuft a new vxueditiuu for France. 
Before starting Le !.-fi (lirt«lic>n.'i at a church 
inFlevtijlreuttliut becbuuld be prayed for «^ 
n inan dijiordt^nrd luid discontented in mind 
on the following Hund«y ; bought n (■■np'^nny 
dagctT-kDiffiif a ctitlrr nn Tower Hill, which 
he fastened to hia riirbl-hand pocket so that 
be cMuld draw il without uiiing bis cripplud 
le(V. hnnd, and ^nnllv wrote on npaper, which 
ho pinned on tbe liuinir of bi« naL, ibo fol- 
lowing aonteneo from 'Tbe Golden Eputlea:' 
' Tlint man is cowardly and boaeaud deserveth 
not the nanie of a genllvman or a(d<)ifr tbat 
vs nub willing to aocrifice hU life for the 
honour of hia God, hia kin^, and bis country.' 
Another wntenoe, of hia own comnuijtion, 
followed: 'Iv»t noinanciiminend melordolog 
of it, but rather discommend t hismsclvea aa 
the cAnse of it, for if (jod had not taken 
away our hearts for our aina be would not 
have gone ao long unpunisbt^d.' Felton mado 
hia Tray to I'ortsmoiilh, chiefly on foot, and 
did Dot arri v« before uineo'duc a on Hat iirday, 
im Aug. No. lu High Sttwt wiH in (ba 
oecupntiouof Buckingliiiin, tbe lord admiral, 
and tbidier Fullnn irudged on mt«nng tho 
town. The biUl was crowded with men 
Duxioua lo bv ttngigvd in tbe expedition, 
and Felton mii^ted with tliu concourae un- 
noiicvd. Buckin^iom entered in conrorsa- 
liim with Colonel Sir Tlmmaa Fr^er, a man 
of abort stature, Fnltnn approached the two 
andatabWd the duke over T'rrerV arm in the 
leA hrwut. No one MWthc htowatruclt,aiid 
Felton relirvd to (be kitchen leading from 
the hall. The duke BUggeTedrOnd fflf dead. 
AH was confutiou, and ib« cry ' A Freuch- 
manl' waa raided. Fellon imagined that bia 
own namv waa mentioned, n^^mi!red tbo 
hal),andcnedout, 'lam tbAroon^bfrrlam.* 
It woa only owing to tbe efforta of Carleton, 
Sir Tliorao* Morton, and Lord Montgomery 
that hn tsttraptnl lynrhing on llm i{tot. 11a 
was tvken to the hoUM? of (ho go\-cmor of 
I'onitnioulb, and a fortnight later carripd to 
iho Tower of London, when be orciipiedtbe 
Cell n-centW vacated bv Sir John Fluil. 

Wbatwvfr fenlingn FsltonV act exrilm] in 
giivvrauii'Ul. circltia, popular M.'nlinient mn 
high in bia favour. tVoito at Kiag>ton-oiH 



Felton 



308 



Felton 



Thampfl, on his journi-y 10 I^oiuton, be ww 
tfTw«tMl witb tliM cr; ' liod biMA thee, little 
Dftvid!' AVhen lite SmI loft Porumouth 
the sailon kik) McIUt* appealed to the liing 
'lobegnoJ 10 JohnFpIttjn, th(;ironc(; Mluw- 
Boldjer,' At Oxfoixl hi* heallU wua dtunk 
nncaliHlIy. AWander Gill vrsa suinmanL<d 
faoiore ihd Stai-cbamlKr fur foIUivtinn llit; 

Sract ice ; white Rtimtx-rli^M normji and b^Iads 
e«pribo«l him ao a national hi^nefartor. At 
■flntt t br government thought t"im|ilic«N^lho 
narlinnR-nlarv opposirinn in TVltonV crime, 
out, alltiougd he insirt«d that the 'renon- 
strnncf' irB£ 'hiiiontj'confodpnitiMindwtter- 
on,' it bocfttno iJear thiit h« lud no polilicnl 
saaociAtaL Puntas proAcbera TiailM htm, 
uid the Earl and Cuunti-H uf Arui>d«l w'ith 
Lord Mallnivn* wtw him bfrfore hia trial. 
The king eugge8t4.<d on 13 Nov. that hv ahoubl 
be racked, but the jndirM dct-lanil that tor- 
tiiro -vna illc^l, and the propntuil drupwd, 
although Liiud and I)ori«l had niippaTti-d it. 
On 27 XoT. Ftltoa wm tried in the court of 
kind's boDcli, pleaded guiltT to the fact, and 
va3 bangedat Tyburn on tb« n«-xt doy. Hia 
body n-iu! afWrward* rouioved to l*orrsniout h, 
Hnil ttiHrn huoK io chains. Kpitaphs, in which 
Felton was liberally cult^iMo, obouiidi-d. 
ODejKWm bv Zouch Tuwnley,* to his oonfiiurd 
friend Mr. l^■lto^.' protests nmiinHl th« throat 
of torture. \ coHi-ctiun of t lj™e jwema waA 
made by F. W. Fairholt in 1860, and pub- 
]i«hed by the Percy SocietT. A ran.' print, 
'The lively porlrftirare of Tohn Felton, who 
mo*t mietTBDly kild t he riffht ilono*'* tioorg« 
Villeira, duke of Uuckingnam, August y« ^ 
1628,' Eh in the Bodleian Libnry. Aworth- 
1h»« print of the uxaoAsination waa rei»Aued 
in 1820. AdoHblo-biftdcdknifeatNownhftm 
Paddos, Warwickfrhirv.lhoseat otthe Earl of 
Denbigh, is 9tiit*d to be the weapon ii«d by 
Felton (the firat Cuuntese of Drabigh waa 

Biirkiugiiain'it fti»ter1. The paper pinnwl in 
hip hat camo inio the poeMSSioo, through Sir 

Edn-nril Nirholiui, of John Kiijtyn, and, with 
other F.vi-Jyn pajierx, was some Vears ago the 

proiierty of W illiiini Upcott of the London 
luatitution. 

[The best eontemroranr aocouot of Sucking- 
han'i nudcr is Dsoley OarhnoD'a lattw to tbo 
qnetn, Mot on the day of the ooramseK, mo 
KlU^B Orii;. I^ltfn, latMT. iit. 15A. Cljiran- 
dca'e Twaion addi fomo dotntli, but U not at all 
iMMnU correct. 8ea alu HowcU's EpiMolff: 
Wotlon't JMk (if Btic1uiigb«ni ; QciiL Mug. 
1645.11.137-14 (with porlnlt of Fulton): Sut« 
Trialn, iii. 897-72; FoirtialtV pMna and Sonss 
rrlnting to Kuckin^haiu trnd hi* B>Ka>iiiiua<i»ti 
(Pvrey Soe.). 1830; Cal. State Fapec*, Itmn. 
laza-Si Diary of Jabn ]loiia(raind.Soc^- Kof- 
Mk iiMtitute of Aichaok^, ir. li-BI (Floy- 



ford and tliti Ftrllniti); Fiireti^'sLirfl nf Sir Jo 
Eliot ; GaidiDer'a Hiat. of Eoglaod, rob vt.] 

H. L. L., 
FELTON, NICHOL.VS (lil&6-I8l!6), 
fthop of Ely, son af a seaGuing man, who, ' 
Ood'N blr-Aiiing and liix own indnxtrj-, had 
tainiyl n compirtpnt estate,' tnut bom at Vi 
mouth in Norfolk in i5M. fie was vdncall 
at Petnhroki* Crtllejp*, f '■mbriilee, of wl 
he wa» choeen fellow 27 Nov. IwS. H*> 
came B.A. in lWO-1, MA. in i:>N4. n.l>. 
1901, and D.T>. Ifi02. FTit wa* choBen Grifl_ 
lecturer of his college in 168(J. Felton mc~' 
quired a high character ai« a scholar and 
tlieologiaB by hi« widu erudition, miKlT 
lion, and aomid judgment, lie was liroo^'l 
under thn uotiou of WluIgilY, by wIk'D 
17 Jan. 169.V6,hewiMcoll»l»dln liierm;lf(i 
of Si. Mary-le-Bow, Chea|nide, wbifh ho hvl 
till bi;< (MiiMTrali'Mi ns binhop of Jlrintol 
IB17, olttaining great celebrity as a leami 
and edifying preacher. He alw) held 
various tirwfi the rectorim of St. Antholil 
Budge Row, Dlagdon in Somerset, and 
ton MagnA, Eam-x, to whieh laM benchco 
wa« npiHiinit^d 23 Oct. Ittl't. lie aWt 1 
ceired the prebendal atall of Ch8ni)>erlAiiil 
wood in 8t. l^ul'eCatb4-dnil, 4 March lllld 
nn<l lield it in rvmiHrnJain wilb hU 
nnverished bishopric till hiit tnnelatioa 
Kly. WliLij in IGIU llif-n' wa* a priww-i^ 
a vncniicy of the insALerHhip of PembMiio <"o| 
lege.then held by Ilarsnet, bishop of (Tiiii-hi 
ti^r and ftft*rw«nU ar*hbi*hop of York, A 
drewes, then bishopofElyjii-wd his power 
influence in favour of hi' ' most w 
right, and h'nruMl friend," as on 
'heal the di&aensionA then lonj; y,- •.„,,,„f 
and prove a good head to a ^<i<<d houju* eli 
likely to aiuk' |.Kcmei.l, it/« t,f Attdrvtr^ 
p. .%<). 

Uartnut continued to hold the ninMiT-^Iii 
fortiir years longer, and Fellon. ' j| 

joy of all wcU-MisberB of thu 'r- 
electi^ bin nuei-iwsuir, 4 M«n;h KHl^ir, hob 
ing it with the bi^ihopric of Drietul till Ij 
translation to Ely, ItJlft-U). K.?!ton •rru 
tbefiivoiirof JamosI, who, .VndrewiM writ 
'f igititie-i hifigood likingnf him,nndhi«wiMli 
frir lii» preferment.' Royal wi.ihf'" in tl 
age ditllTwl little from rovfd ■ 
telton was .ipeediirraisctl t 
being cunsermted bithop oj 
: bishop Abbot, bin fri'-inl ,\:' 
I n TW. lOr. Andr. ,■ 
fi» Wint-h^fler, hnd llii 
hi<iiitiiretillf>d hy hwir.^-i- i ,;. ,.:\, 
elected hismccessorS Mar-rh I'JiH-lil.^ 
I ton, a few ninntht prrvimiH, hnd lieel 
' nated to the fti^eof Lichfield, on ni«hc 
I ton's Umnalabun to Durham. The 



Felton 



309 



Felton 



I 



p 



Umii sent « deputAtidO totbe Vviiv o( Buck- 
tnglmm, bff^ng him \ii allow rht>m in retain 
liin as tbcir head, rtolnitli^landine liis ele* 
Tfttion lo th« i^piwoiiiito. I'V'iton, tower pr, 
appears to Lave foutitl by experience tliat Ihe 
two officii wpr* incompatible, and retugned 
Uwi headship of P^mbruke befuru hia ulec- 
tioQ to Elf. Af> a biahop wti am lold hv 
provad himHlf'aproruundHholar.apainfiil 
pnacber, cocupicuous for hie boepitolit^v and 
chant; ; bappy in the wiw (^bnioo of IiIn c»- 
ralce, and nol leea bappy ia bis learned and 
reltgiouaduiplaiaf' (/W;ti'ni> MfiS., Pembr. 
CoU.Cambr.) Fuller records of htm (CAwrM 
J{Ut. vi. tVt) tliBl be had * a Bouod head and 
a BanrttBcd brart, vng iHiloTed of all good 
turn, very bo*pitable to all, and cbariCablo to 
the ]ioor,' dfTOting a conflidf>rabl(> portion <k 
b'u income to tbeir n-li»f, and provinir himMlf 
PHfof thf^most upright und d<>MTv<'<rij p>^pii- 
Inr pn>latv» of im limv. I-'clton'a i-xact theo- 
\f'fnc»l po<iit>oti)Huoli-AJ<v Idd'-lortninr. ])■> 
li-tV 110 'wntiug8,aiid liltl<^ ia recorded br hU 
oontemporariea of any part -Inkvii by bim in 
llw coatrorerstes of tb<> day. l*tiritAn sym- 
Mthtm bnvn Un-n uitribiitnl to Lim, becaiice 
tvlmnnd I'alfimy thtt ehler [q. v.] waa hi<i 
(iQmvsticcbapluin.audiiras wesented by bim 
to th« inciimhcncy of Swaffham Prion, and 
others of his curali>» and chaplaina wem of 
the sam^ thcito^cal a(:hool. An oppotute in- 
f«f«uw may h<; drawn fr>m faja nIoM and Don- 
fidt^nlial frierid^ihtp with Andirwvn, as wcU 
tranx tli*.- faet ihnl in the aevt>re ittnigglo 
tbe lticturmlii|) at Trinity Church, C'am- 
' [Of in 1024, Firltnn ^<nK>u.'vd the cauiH'of 
lethwait, fi'llow of Sidney, againM l)r. 
Pnaton, mastitr of F.mmanucl.tht^' mottt emi- 
nent of the nonoanfnrmUt partv in thu uni- 
vvntitv- Hi* reputation for iu>iin(ln>-Mi of judg> 
'^Toeot in practical nutters is •'vidi^ncoil by the ' 
appeal made lo bim by »oai>- of the r>-llow!i of 
gl, JobnV, 1 '1 April lttl'4. to int«?ri)n-l wrtiiin 
rIaiiWH in ifaeirHlatiit<:?« <l)xKi:n, Hut. ((f St. 
•TaAmV. p. -JIK)). and by bin biinit apjinintrd Ui 
compile tlie Matiiirs fur M'Tcliani Taylont* 
8ebool ill reftn-no- lo ihi- iitmuul probation 
^y*. ill* tlH-^>lo)rii.-at iTTudiliou is Mil!ii'i<-ntly 
«irid>''Hci'*l by hix iipiHiinlment nHoneoflbe 
Inui^Utor^iif thi' Itilile, 'nnnin(iminumtnif>,' 
igone i'f ihv uroup to wboiu the K|>iMh-s 
a&tiffni'*l> b l* name, how>- vlt, bein^ eom- 
I If Ftnlon, ill Mtarriod the 
^.ibt-rt Norgftlt'.maHti^rof Cor- 
jii-.i I Vjllcpt, C'ambriditp. IT" diMl 
lll^ft. it);t-d <U, and wax bur'tnl by his | 

' ■■'' iiunian-uht(< of St. | 

n.iifwhirb lie Had ' 

1.1 v.-iir-, without I 

'■ he was , 

. „ .„__.,_.. .jjsaflurJ 





ni»)iopAndrvwi'?. Oreat woeiheconfomity 
bftwt^n them; hf.tli »<:holnni, fellows, and 
mnstent of IVmbroke ilall; both groat scho- 
lars and painful pn-acheraiDljOndunfotroany 
years, wiib iioU'«i profit to othent than credit 
to thi-msftvo) ; both BUccewiivfly bi^hope of 
K\y' (Church JlUt. vi. 03). Ft-lton's nonrait 
when htahop of Ilmtol I* at Pembroke Col- 
loge. and another balf-l«ngth, given to Cola 
by Ijishop Owch, and by him to the mo, 
hangs in the palace at Kly. 

[Farliins ^S&, Pcnibrolu) CoUtga. Cam- 
bridfte; LLliutduwne MS. 481, No. 47, p. 68; 
Oodwin, i. 274 ; Sewcourt's Heperc. i. 134, 37fi ; 
FoUsr'B Chorcli Hist. rt. 63 ; Fnller'a WoKhies; 
UimmII'b Life of Aadrewca, pp. 17. 364, 446; 
Iltwwll'a MoBHirials of Thomas Fuller, pp. 11. 
114, I7fi.] E. V. 

FELTON, Sir THOMAS (rf. I38I), se- 

neschsl of Aquitaine, was socood sou of Sir 
John Fulton, goremor of Alnwick ia 1;114, 
who was «unuBoned lo parliament in VMH, 
and was lord of the manor of Litcbam, Nor> 
fiidk. Sir John's fitther, Sir Robert, governor 
of Scarboroiwb Ca«lle in 1311, ivtut sUin at 
Stirling in 1314. AViUiam Felton, Sir Ro- 
biTt'tt fKtbi-r, govern or of [tnmbroueh ia 131&, 
was nrigtnsllvtmown as William >iu<Pagsn„ 
U'ing son of Pagan of Upper Felton, North- 
umberland, and wa4 tbo dr«t to bring th« 
family into notice. Sir Tbomaii Fulton bad 
oit cldL-r bnUhfT, llamoiid, whuwai M.P. for 
Norfolk in 1 377, and died tu 1379. A^oungat 
brother, Sir Kdmtind, who was tiring in Ito4, 
yfOA amvstor of Kubori Felton ot Sbolley 
(d. li'iOII),wluibylitHmaiTiai(« with .Maruarvt 
Sampson of Playford, Sumlk, acquired the 
Plavford proptTty, and was grandfather of 
Sir'AnlhoDy Katun, K.B. {d. 1013). Str 
Anthony's .son, Ili^nry (tt. 166U), was created 
a baron<r't:MJaIy IH^I. 

Sir Tbtmins waft willi th*- ojcpedition, com- 
manded hy Edward ill. thai inradi^ France 
in 1346, and took {lort is the battle of Cr^cy, 
tho capture of Calais, and the other imjiortant 
evBulfl of that campaign. When the Ulack 
Priiic«>wi'nt to take piwseesion ufUasoouvin 
lSfir>,Fell'>n w>>»t with biiu, anil followed him 
to the hattlH of Poitiere. He was ime of iht;- 
I'l >m mint Mine r» nho f>igiii:d tlii; important 
treaty of 1tni(Jgiiy(13tfO'} and took oath to see- 
it executtrd. lie was deputed t^i receive tlie 
king of Cyprus ^'bo caim* lo Aquitaioo on a 
viail lo the pnnoe in 1^>L The prince when 
requMt^'d by 1 >un IVxIro to rL-iD*tate him oa 
the thruut' of LVtille, n;fem*d tlie matter ta. 
Sirji'hiit 'hnndoa [q. V-l and Felton. riiaitdos 
was unOivourablr. Felton rD(-<immf>ndtH) that 
thebarvnsand knighiiiof Anuitainoihould be 
consulted in the matter. iVprtnce npUcdj 



Fclton 



310 



Fclton 



' It ihnll be doiM'.' Tlie laivcr council U^'ing ' 
hold it waa decidsd thuL Fulion be »«il 10 
Spain wilh a Aoet of tw^lre aliip* to bring 
Don Pedro. Having wt out be landed at 
fiayoDiw, wheri' I*i>n Pt*dro It&d ali-Midjr ar- 
riTfed, and ivtiimed vith him and hia auite 
to Bordeaux. Power to treat with Pedro, 
kinffof&utilo,waapvenUihim oa tenMchal 
of Aquilaine r«iK««i>ntiiig Edward, prince of 
Wales, in IviXen dated 8 Feb. 133:2. Th« 
invasion of .Spain liaving boon agreod upon, 
Fvitun and t'uondoa obtained leave fh)m the 
king of Navarre to cto&h the mountain paaaoa 
uitoSpain. FuIluD piuccdwl l!ie priucv witJta 
gmall force, and found the enemy encampMt 
0earNaTainte,I8d7.TlieywL>ti-aUa(.'kv<jCya 
targe body of Spaoiardit, and all oitlivr killed 
or taken prisooeTB. Feltun was excban^ 
for the ^ench Marshal d'Andivham, who 
was afterwards taken prisoner by ihfl Kng- 
Ush at the battle of NaTorrete. Ue auba«- 
queoilly took part in eomhala and bjcch at 
Alousuc. itt Duravel, and nt Domme, aiul -was 
thiin rttfjiilt^d lo Augonleme by the prince, 
and sent into Poiton with tbu Earl 01 Ptiin- 
broke. He aecurod I,o I.indi* on tb« Uor- 
dogne when aboat tn he h<>rrayed to iiw 
Fiwnch. lie joined the lluko of Lanciuler 
in lui elt&ck on the town nf Mont-Pnnn, and 
made aa unflnc^ieaaful attempt to relicvi* thv 
ffanuon of Thouarn. In spile of hi* clfortfl 
HotuHLC waa loai Ut iht- Kn^U&h. In 1^7;', 
wh>-n the Black l*riact.' had »iirrcndeivd ttic 

Einripality of Aitiiiluine into the kin^s 
ndit, it wa* ffranled by royal commisiiitn 
to Fellon and Sir Robert Wykford ; and ou 
thv Haul withdiawal of the Ditkeitf Lnucaat«r, 
Fe-lton was anpointed seneacbol of Bordpaux. 
In Febraary fSTG lie retunLLHl I0 Fni^cluiid ; 
in l')73 he wna cbni-pid with the uxncution 
of thif tni<^, and in December of the aamo 
rcAT he was char^l to ne|{otiate with t:be 
KJnRof Naram. He caii»cid Gnillniime de 
Pommtcrs and his secretary to be beheadwl 
at Bordi^atix for treason, tic wm at length 
Oi^iii tokfii prisuuer by the Fnnich near Bor- 
di-nui, 1 Nov. 1377. In IHSOJoan or Johanna, 
his wife, petiltunud ihe king ihai a Frvnch 
prisonttr in lOiii^aiiil ■himlil nul Ix' ran.^oiupd 
until hcrhiLsbtuid bud been set at liberty. In 
August of the M'oe year thi- king pruntifl to 
Fulton for the puymnit of hif rauHom thirty 
thousand francs from the ransom of (.vrtt 
French prisoners. In April a procuration 
had boon eigned by the Comto du Foix to 
set bim at liberty. Uurins the tame year ho 
received letters of prtiledton in England to 
enablo bim ti> rvturii l'> Frnn<T» for matters 
ooonected with the payment of his raniuim. 
The lands ond baronv of Chauinoiil in (laiH 
cony were giren by i^n-ard III to Sir John 



Chaiidoa,witb a remnion ot Itis death i 
ton. Hh was mad» a knight of the ' 
in January' 1381, and his plate ts sdl 
awn in St. George's Chapel, Windsor, 1 
tenth sIaII, on the sovereign's ude. lie di^ 
SAprillSHI. Ileeides the manor of IJtchar 
Noifolk^Felton owned the manor catJeil I*e 
ton's at Barrow, SnSi^, and otlu^ p^)| 
in the nragbbourhood. Ity his wifr*, J< 
left three daughters : Mary, wif«uf Sii 
CiireonofBckoorlkyik.Norfolk; Sibyl 
ofSir TbonuM deMorlev; end Ek-nnol 
ttf Sir Thomas dc Uffonl. 

ISufiolk ]n«tital« of Arcbaology. It. 37 et „ 
(Flsyford and the Felloas) -, Belu's OnUr of I 
Goner ; Oags's Tbioffoe, p. 1 1 i Kyiii«r's h\vdm 
Fntssart's CliionKiiMs, ed. Lace ; Arcfaires ds ! 
tiironda; Black Book. ed. Anstis (Kolts St-rirs) 

J. o. r. 

FELTON.TIIOMASi lo«rr-lotW).Fral 

ciscau friar, son of John Fel ton (</. 1 f>7i > 1 
bom about lo67 nt ll^nanudfrcy .\ 
rey, was in his youth page t" Lu , Ls„ 
Al'lim-nnlx Iw waa sent to lh<^ Knultiiti I 
at Rlieima, where he rK'.'iv' ! !lii= tirs 
sure from tlie hands of ' 
Archhi.4hoporKh«'jm.<i,tii 1 

f. IWU.whew beisdeecrilK<dMe ' Nordyi nxu ' ] 
le tht'n nnrcr«d tho order of Minims, bl 
binng unable to endurQ its austerities be 
turned to England. On landini; he va* 1 
ruslcd, bnnij^lil to Loudon, niid cominittt 
to iht? Poultry Compler. About two t" 
tiller bis aunt, Mrs. Blutmt, obtain^HJ hi» 
li'iue throngh t!i<? iiili?r<-iil of ixinie nf b^ 
friends nt court. Ha atte;ni>l»d to r*tum 
France, but was again inl*Tcr'|>t*id and cue 
mittcd to Brid'^wcll. Afit>r pnmt^ timi* 
regained his liberty, and made a second at- 
tempt to get back to )theim», hut was 
anvatod and rceomniittt^'l t^t liridewell, wb 
he was put into ' Little Ease' and otlierwii 
(•riielly tortured. IIt> was broiijhl to trial at 
Mcwj^te.jusl aftw the defeat of the Arm* 
and was asked whether, if the Spanish fo 

hod landed, be would have tak-m tin* part 

tint iiiu'c^n. Hi* repiv was Ibat he would have 
taken part with Gotl and his country. Bui 
he refused to iM'kn<iwlmlg« tb« qiim^n to T 
the supreme bead of the church of EuKlan 
and was accordingly cnndi-mncd to de«t 
The next doy. 2S Aug' 1''*'*. '>fl and anot' 
priest, named James Ctaxton or Clarli 
were conveyed on horseback from Ilridcwi 
to thcplaou of execution, between Un>ntffl 
and liounalow, and were there hangud 
qnartered. 

ti;hallonrt^9 Miisionary PriMeB(lJ*l).Lai6: 
Yepm, Hilt, lie la Pcrwviwion d« la leglatart 
I p. 410 ; Notes and Qu«ri«l, Clh so-, r, lU.I 






FELTON, Sjb WIXXUM {ti.m7\ 
D(<3cliitl of I'oiluu. K-Bs tbi! Boii of Sir Wit- 
liain I-'oltoii or NurthumlMsrkiid, who dii-il 
aImmiI LIJoS, by lua tir.'it i\'ife. He whs i1«- 
Acvndud In tW foiirtb ^ncration from Ko^r 
«r ftiibvrt I'itB-l'njpui or I'VIton, brnthirr of 
the Wllliani Fite-l'og&n who wu ancestor nf 
irTbnnuaFeltoD 'q. v.] t^irWUliamowaod 
muiort of Biiduij^oti, We^t Mfttadeti, 
elyiisliaiti, ftnd half of Wo8t Milbnrne, all 
NoTtnumberluod. ]l*^lield iniporliintcom- 
nuindK dimiij:^ thu wars %\-irh Scotland. lie 
(ooli ]mn ill tlieUlti>; (if IlaliJoii Hill in I3S3, 
,And ia th(^subs(?quent capture of Derrrick-on- 
TwLM.tl. In 13^ }io was ginvi-iriorof Jhia- 
brougb Casllu in NorLhnuiberlnnd. From 
133B to 1310 111! Vina in c-ommaDd of ftoxburub 
Cni^tU-, n-hicli in A]iril of tho Uil.U-r yi-ar Iit- 
i-dt^fendt'd agniost an attack of i}ie Scotch. In 
li'UO lie vras bIno Damvd a conimi»iiiiiiii-r to 
tbsod to llic di!fen[>> of thi> Scot tji^li miuvlii-Jt. 
lie waa summoocd lo ]iarliampnt in 1843. 
In 1348 hf ni-u named lord ivisticc of all rht; 
kin^Vlaod* in Scotland, lie wait appointed 
dhenff of Norihumberlimd and )i[overiior of 
tin; townuf XiiwwbslUvon-TyiiL' Wtb in 1343 
lid MiVl. Wliuii ilif kiiit' H'iu|fht to ilvtach 
jtht.' I'lt'ininps from llieir aUczian<-e lo France, 
(flum .-ii-coin]Nuii^l liim to rluinaiiK. Dur- 
ing the fnllowinf; Tear he wns at iho na\'al 
balll? of yiiivs uni{ at ibe siese of Tournay. 
Jn till* vfinlcr of ISJ.t b# followi-d th« king 
o Itriltanv, and was ai^ the si«^i3 of Naules. 
le was with lh« expedition wbicJi invaded 
'omuidy ia]34d,aMd toi<k pan in the battle 
"Orfey and t be sul>-*i'(|uentcflmiiaijrn in ibo 
of Franco. He wan wilb thi) Itlaclt 
JDca at llie iNtltli: of Puititfrn. In 135t) be 
^nuiit the sJpgeoflUiRinu, which the Enf^Ush 
vere furcvd to mtfie and rotnat to Brittunv- 
iVbilu liPTP Fclloii nriil to attack the c&ttle 
r Puntor^on, commaiulfd bv Itertrand Dii- 
lin. ITxwnsdi'fentndand taken piriaoDer. 
Xy an<-r 1>ii)fii<'^clin became a ho4lagQ 
a'flAn de MoQtforl, and was entmstvd to 
Iton. Du^ue»linF Hdinff out one day with 
[ton's you»^ aon, uwapeil to Uninf^amp, 
nd tJieue(> iwnt a measage lo I>e Montfort 
iting Frlton from any ooimivaui.'e at 
bUdApMlure, with a eltaUHn^i! npM-nded to 
all who might a»crt that bo bad thereby 
brnki^n In* vninl of bntiiiur. Frlti^n winbeu 
to accept, but the cotnbal wna forbidden. Ia 
ny f >jl<)winK the French signed tho UMty 
Afi-ti^ny, in which Fclion vm named onn 
tb« commiuiooen to reci>ive and take 
rmft) poflManon of the Icrriloriua ceded to 
b. At ibla time bf became seiw- 
iitou. .Many document* addraased 
hiiii 111 lbi>4 rxpncily wliieh n-Iato lo the 
inicti'd iit^goiiutiontdf this period are to be 



lortii 




found in Itymer'a *F<uli^ra.* In 1304 and 
mUo be was entfu^d in tiumi^coUH cotnbalJi 
in Liuy*-anL>. He ot^companied the lUack 
Priuctf in hut cjimpnign into Si>ain to restoni 
TJan Pedro to the throne of raaiilo. Chandos 
ln-nil(i, wbn wa« aUo with this expedition, of 
which he Iia.4 writri^n an account in a rhymed 
cbrunicle in Frvncb, niakes fre([ueat mcution 
of 'Fi-lleton Guilliam qui ot cccur de lyon.' 
H>? wan killi-d on 19 MAfcb 1 367 in a akirmijb 
befofv the battle of ^^avarn•te, in which hia 
kinsman Sir Tbomas Felton waa taken pri- 
soner. The heroic rvaiitanco of a haudfiil ol 
Englifihmen and the rash bravery of Felton 
Kvm to baro alruck tho tmajpnation of the 
people of the country, where the recollect ion of 
this fuut uf arms h still lo be found in Ic^iend. 
Thv mutin<I n<-ttr .\riiVx in Ala^ii on which 
the Ivn^liith fought ou thii) day ia iftill known 
in tile W41I dialect OS tnglesmundi, or the 
Kn);IUbinitn'a ntoitod. 

Acconling to Darv, the Suffolk autiquaij 
(AdtHt. MS, 10139, 'f. I2i)). Felton waa mar- 
ritfd, but his wife's namu la unknown. Ily 
her he bad a son. Sir John, born about 1340, 
who v!wff accordint; to Ungdalc. nnrer sum- 
moued li> parliauimtl. Hewan ut. tbn Iraltle 
of Oltcrbum, and was appointed to receive 
(be untb of the kitiffof Scolbmd to obserra 
the Inire botweon lh« two countries. 

rsuirt>lk lastiiutA of .\Tf tutolo^, iv.'27; I>ii^ 
dofe'ii }SAJtin3K<'> i>- ^^ i Ryiuvr'" todcnt ; Frvi*- 
MTi's ClironiquM, td. Lac«; Aiuelme, Uaison 
ItojnJc de France: Chnndns JItrald, Life and 
Ferila of Anns of frtlwAiv! tlia BLsck Priiioei 
Aysia, Crdnica del Key l>on Pedro, itu'luded ia 
Cr6aie«i da los Bayus dsCastiUa.Uodrid, I8-1V.I 

J. G. F. 

FELTOK. -WILTJAM nnS-17flO),ooni- 
v»ivi, It.A. St. John'i. Cambridge, 1738, 
M..\. 174-'>, wiut vicoTHjinral in tbn choir of 
Hereford 1741, cu£to« of the vicars-dioral 
17(H), and chaplain to tho Princess I^wager 
of Vt'tlQst (.\iigagta of Saxe-Ootha). At a 
peritxl when, «ocordin(i toBumey.playenof 
ihe barpoiebord had but little cboiceof good 
musiL-, M.'veral out of Fetloa'a ihre« seta of 
six concertos (atorgui orbarpstchord and of 
hi« 'jigbt KiLits of easy le«#ons became tbe 
' prido of evt-rT incipient player in town and 
couutry,' Felton's ground (or gavotte), ii>- 
deed, bad ntlniiu>d great popularity ; it waa 
mtrodured in Ciampt's open ' ikrtoldo ' in 
lft7l.\but' WAS bocome too common and Tul|(ar 
for nn opera audience.' Tbo concertos were 
modelled on those of Handel, whom the ama- 
teur held in great admiration. Diimey rft* 
lat«s ihat Handel waa asked, while in the 
barWr's bands, lo allow the mention of hia 
name in ibc list of subecribi-n 10 Felion'a 
'Second Set.' He slorted up in a fury, and, 



Fenn 



312 



■enn 



with bis face stilt in a Utber, cried with 
gre«t T«h(>tncne« : * Tsmn vounoluf nnd ga 
to <ler teiOel — ■ banon joaxe Goacertol way 
bo no m&lie MXinon ! ' and Brown, tbe lender of i 
tbe queen's band, who bad had iho tcmwity i 
to wefsr the modeat requetit, Am) from Ilan- 
do) s proeenee. No reourd, in fact, &p])«ar8 of 
■KrtBoniibirthaootnpaaHr tVlton. hut,lM-Judr« 
writing for th« bafpaichord and othrr injitni- , 
mi'ul4, uti which bu ww a akilled pfrfi.<miLT, 
li<^ ia iiftid to have compoMd tbo giet ' fill, | 
fill, fill the glaa»,' ana to hare acted aa i 
Rl«wanl at tlieThnwCboirFfftiTalaof )Ittni- 
fbtd, 1744, and Olmtctviter, 174^. Ha diiMl 
ft Dec. 1769, and was buried in Hereford 
Catbi>dre]. 

|Grov»aDiei. i. fill ; Cuabridg*> OmdnatQc, 
l6k-lS29. p. 166: lUTcrgtlK hVll Hcro- 
fuidaucs, 1869, p. 99; Qtfnl. J^ag. xixii. AOR; 
Banw^'s Hist. |7Sg, iv. fi34 ; Aecuunt of Pcr- 
ftvBWDCee. 17KA, p. 32 a; Duncumb'^ Kim. of 
Henfordstiire. 1801, i. 6<H: IiODiion Anily 
jMmn, I>M)«nib»rl7e9; Felloa'n MmichI Worlu 
III Brii. Mua. Ijbrary.] L. M. M. 

FENN. ELEANOlt, Labt (174»-1813), 
autbor. [See uodor Fbks, Scb Johk.] 

FENN, HL'MPHREY (d. 16^4). puntim 
diriue, wu mat rJcuUlvd nii tuAT of tjin-vtitt' 
Cgllogc, Cambridjfe, on 12 Xov. I'MH, and 

Kadiiatvd It.A. in 1<*>73. H<i tnij^tt^ tu 
iterhoufle, and groduatail M.A. in 1 >Vtt. In 
tEt« eamo your hw began his inini(>tr>- at 
Konliampinn, nnd at oncf ^ot into tri>nblc 
for hifi noiicouformity, and wus commiUud lu 
gnol. Till' inliAl)iiAnt» of Xonliamptuii pi'li- 
tJooed (|Iueen KlizabmU far hi:i relvim-, ^tvin^ 
bim a high characU'r at a preacher and a loyal 
BUbiwt. 

tin ai Feb. 1678 bu mecwdi-d Anthony 
"FletcluT a» vicur of Holy Triiiitv, ('ovoitrv, 
and became a prominent man in llm party 
bcfldwl by Thomas Cartwritfhl ( l''^'»~l*Ml.'(( 
[(). v.] At tbe rwiuwi of Urn I^ndon puri- 
tana bo accompanied t!m Karl of I^ic<>»ter to 
npresonC tli«ir KhuMLnctis to tho nuuon. On 
th« i««ue of Whirifirt'B three articlea ( \&>fii), 
he refused to suliacrib*!. Ho was eitod to 
Lambeth ^1*>.S4), and suspended. An ac- 
count of hiA examination is jnivn br Brook, 
from Itoger Morrice's Diuiiuscript. Ilia placp 
waj taken by 'one Oriflen, a WelcbiiuiH,' 
between whom and Foiui, according lu thn 
mnniucript city atinaLt, tlii-nt wan * a trr^^al 
eonu-ntion' rorthcvirarnfTc in l.Wl or U»8fi. 
Fenn wax n-nI'M-ocIlohinricamgeKliortly after 
14 July Ibf^n, through iht; intorcMsion of 
Leioeat'rr. But in 15UU ho -«%» afrniu »i»- 
ponded, owinj^ to the active pfirt which bv 
lx>olc in thtf 'associations' of ih*' Warwick- 
ahire puritan dirinei, wa« committed to tb« 



fflv:', by the bi^it commisiion, with Cwj 
wrigtit imdolb«-n^,and,rpfuatngthf pur^tioi 
byoutb,waado[irivi^. JIia«uooeesor,Kidii 
Lulon, wBa inaiituted on 1^ Jan. 1&9I. Oa 
1 3 May Feiiu and hiM companions were broui 
before tbe Htar<lMDib«T. Artirl.-!t, 
mninlr nnih their 'booVof H 
exbibili^l iigainst thi.>m. Thi'\ 
their 'oMociationii' thry pxpni^ 1 nhy xm 
diction, or meddleil with f«di(inn. Fe 
'Mwined more KtitT than Canwrigbt.' 
Star-chamber r«>miinded thfm ^nthont 
■Tames VI of 8cothuid interceded ( I^ Jiuwf 
for tbt'ir rvl«i«e: on 4 Dm. Ihey petition 
for hail; Fenn'c »i;fnat(irv aunda second in 
the liet, immediately aA«r Cartwright'i. lo 
A^iril ^T^9•2 thoy atpiin petitionod for rclc«« 
thtB tine micceMfiillr. (Lciceitter'a lctl«r< 
tbanke a dated 31 Ktar.) 

h'enn relumMl to Gtvi-ntni-, nnd rosili 
hismiiustrv.probkblrprpnchine only 001 
dnyn. 0« i4 April 1U24 'Mr. Hi 
Fenn,preiachBr,'wajiappoint<><l to theSi _ 
leotorealiip at St. John the Usptisi'a (Bah- 
lake). ThiswaaancwIcclUTVfthip: thfchfirpls, 
which had been in niiuti,wu«rvpiur' 
and a week-dav Wturestiip Amtn .ij 

favour of John Oxvnbrid)j:«. In lUl'iJ ^rsL'c 
afler 'old Mr. 1-Viin' joined with ihi* mHyaj 
and ludinff citizeiui In invilinf! Samuel f.'Iarkl 
( ! f»99-llW3) [(). T.l, thi- iiinrtyrt.!ci^i.l Ut b 
come a lecturer at f^ovejitry. This is the Ir 
notice of Fcnn. Timj; says that, hv 'spen 
above forty years' with ihp Covr-m ry pc-oplej 
wo mitat correct this lo 'olwve fifty,* even Ij 
we dfdiK^t bi« c-nfon_-od abeonccs. ' lit 
early in Ifi^.H-l, and was buried on S Feb. i 
Holy Trinity cliiirchyard, Coventry. H 
HHtns to hn\^ bad a aon and gnndaon of the 
same name. _ 

His will, madi> in 1631, yna prelactid 
'tij full and eo open a prJiwtatiuu aguDl 
the bit-rarchy and IliO n-rt-jmnitea, that ll 
prelatical parly wniild ool aiitr.'r it lo be pc 
nition^ thi- n'n>rd«()f llivrourt wlmn th<iwil 
was teiidred to he prnvfid' (Culkkk, in Li/ 
a/ Juliiirn mrn'ng). On lM Feb. lH»4nco|:_ 
of ihn intniductioo to the will of ' Humphroj 
Fen (be eldest ' was reci'ived by .^rcbni' 
I*ud fhim till? bishop nf Coventry arul'^ 
6eld, Thin preamble fnly) was prtnti 
'The Last. Will and 'lWt«mi>nl with' 
IVofcMion of Faith of Uumpbn>v Fi'un/ ' 
KM I , fiitt. Hvo (uu plncv of printing). 

[ 'OTin'e T-iet Will : CUfto"« Lives of ThiHj 
two tinil. Ditinea, 1677. t^'ltifl: Clarke's AalAbifl 
gntpliy. pr^tixixl to 1 1- '■■■■■ . 5; Tong'a 
cnlioii *.f WnrTeti'B . ■ iinn tir Ji 

Merrell. ITIfl; Bi>j I. .. . - ..f Ihu Pqt 
I8ia, i. 4'llK(.,ii. Id) •lu. : mT>p»'A Whitpl 
\S2i, i. 4^0, ii. U. 81 sq.. iii. 'iVi mi.. Ai ' 



Fenn 



I 



1834. ic 00, 103: Ned'* Ui«. of th« I'uriun* 
(ToDltnin). IK^tJ. iii. 41&Bq^ t. App. p. xsvii; 
bibrAciuidCnatuii'kltidnt.iii W«n«i<.'ka)iirv, 1966, 
p. 1 Bwj.fntaknt his BOO tD9 lecturers ^U John's); 
OMper'e AUieas Cutabr.. 1861. ii. I6U. 646; 
CnL BtAl* Pkp«n, Dum. ( 10S4}. p. 408 ; rnri>li 
]laguitio,TriDit^,Covci)trjr, 1881 (Juljr); axinct 
ftoB liurial rrgtBtcr, pur Lhc Rct. F. H. Botiu- 
tnODt] A. 0. 

FENN. JAMES (rf. U.^). catholic priest, 
bom nt Montacutf, Qvar Wells, SomcrM^t^- 
bbini, Iwomiu « ohoristvr of N«w Coll^p, 
Oxford, aud afterward* was etecttd a scholar 
of Corpus Ubrieti CoIK-ge 31 July l^i54, oud 
fl fellow of that Mictcty 'JG Nor. ]r>&8. He 
wa» admitted B.A. Si£ Nov. Io60, buL wae 
'put anide* from that dvgroa and from Lu 
pluc« ill the collt^ on occouat of his refusal 
to take the oathof «upremacy<BiJAt«K, Iff^U- 
ter of tkf Vnir. o/ Oj/o/-J, n. i*0). Then hn 
ik^tifvO in OIfuce«t«r ilall, where hv had 
several pupitfl. IPn being forced to loavo 
Uifurd Qv acted as tutor to ihv eons of a 
^■nlk-uan in hi* native county, where ho 
murrit'd and had two childrvn. Aft«r the 
dnalh of )x» wife hv hvcamv ntrward \q Sir 
Nicholas I'ninte, a catholic gontli^man. IIo 
bnivml at tht* Eo^Uab Collv^i' at llhi<im« on 
AJunv 1479, waa ordained priest nt ('halonn- 
mr-Marne on 1 A{Hil l&dO, and was sent back 
to labour on the uiMion in SomcrsAtahiK. 
Hi; wa* >ood apprdicaded, and altliough not 
vet known to lie a prieat he vas loaded with 
iruna. Thccoum-ilonhfipdbimtobi'brouftlit 
to Londou, nnd nftrr Iwiu^ exumiiHxl hy 
Seerplary Waifiin^liam h'? vra^ commilU'd to 
thv Mar^balwa, wbcrv he n-mnined in capli- 
Tity for two years. His.'taA^nlriial character 
havioE been at last discovered, ba waa 
bmuKht t<i trial, nnd condemned to death mi 
ncouat ofhiA priiviihoad. HmrasuACuU-d 
nt T}'burD <m \-2 Feb. l&U3-4,togeth«r with 
fuur other prieslti. 

Two of iii« hrothvn wore |>rie8t«, vLi. 
I(ob<?rt I'itnn, R('.L., who waa ejected from 
his ftUnwahin at Ntiw CoU»(CU, Ctxford, in 
lotU, and m wlirim Kridfri waler mivh (Iiat 
'DbC'aihol)CinTi<ritAlisteelimonium,uxiliuui, 
camtrcN, vincoln, et cruciatus imraaneN coii- 
st^ntisoiaii jwipinwi est,' uul John Fenn 

f'i- ^0 

(l)ndjp'"mi^'s Oontvrtntto t-lcelwlc C'.«tlto. 
li<w,pp. ua, 110; Challfnor*sMiMMaarr PriMU 
OT4I),i. 144; IMd'nCltQnfalliiLii. 9ft; Duiuiy 
llinriff, piv 9, 37. 1S3. 141-4. 201. 391. Aii, 
iliataria del glorioao Uartirio dl diciolto Sa»r- 
dotl (Mncanu). 1A8«, |i. 2«S; Olivor'* Catht.lie 
ItolIeViD ifl Carainll.p. 301 ; Sandf r«'» Itiav aod 
Orowiti of tba Anglkftn 8«bi»n (Lawu), pp. 31 0, 
S7I: Ktow'a AanalM (IKI<t). p. KM; Wond*. 
Athuai OaoD. (UliM). •>. 1 U ; YapM, Hiktnrln do 
1« FanNvdou n laflaurra, p. i«e.] T. C 



Mi i«n 



FENN, JOHN (</. KtlJ!), catboUo divinv, 
brother of Jamea Fenn [o. v.], waa a natira 
of Muntocutv, D£ar Wvlls, Sninvntet^him. 
Aft«r bein^ rKliinttnl in tlw^ nulimctilii of 
erammar and music as a chorliler of Wells 
Cathedra), be wnjt nvnC to WtncbNter S<:h(wl 
in IM7 (KiBity, WinehMtfr SeJu>tan,\k. 127; 
AddH. Ma. 'i-'Xm. t. I'l (. He was elected 
prol>Alion*T of New CoilcffC. Oxford, in \lMi, 
and two vears later, after h-ini; made per- 
petual feOuw, twwas appointed to study tbe> 
rtvil law. It doM not appear whetbiT ho 
took a de^Ttw in that faculty. In (Juevn 
^larv's rvi^ hi; became schoolmuter at Bury 
St. Edmund^ Suffolk, but upon the attend 
tion of religion jkhih iiflcr KhKabelh's acces- 
sion ' he wua forced tboDce hy the ^dy soul 
i>r two tVolN, tliat wvre then aettled in tbas» 
nana ' (Woou, AtAaia Oron., ed. Bliiw, it. 
111). Subaeqnenlly he wmt to the Low- 
Countries, ana aAerwardx studied for four 
Tea/B in Italy, and was ordained priest. 
l>odd'B statement that ho waa admitted into 
the Eugliah CoUittfu ai Kome u not coutimu'd 
bj- the • Diary ' of the college. After his re- 
turn to l-landent he became confctMr to tbo 
Hniflioii.'Viigiixtiriiniinunsat I.ouTain. lltero 
and in the neighbourin); riti«-s he spent about 
fortyyearn 'n« an exiled ptTson, doinu cxlm- 
onlinary bonrtit in the war he profeaaed ' 
(lb. p. 113). He died at Louvain on 37 Deo. 
IH16. 

Hia work* arc: 1. 'A leanied nnd very 
etnijuent Treatie, written in Latin by lliert^ 
nymotisOnoriuis Bishop of Sylua in I'ortugal, 
-nlicrein be omfiitfth n ecrtayiii' Aunswere 
made by M. Walter Haddon n^uiiiBt the 
KpislleofthoHid Hi>tho|>pi'\-ntii|hi> Qomni** 
Miiir«tii% TraiiHlated into KnKli»h,' [jiiivain, 
IBfiP, 16mo. The Biahon of fSilva'.^ book waa 
enlill'Ml * I^pistola ad ntiKsbetbani An(;lii0 
lU-^innra d*- Relifrione,* Paris, 1 .*i6;i, and waa 
translated into KnKlish by IlichanI Hbaok- 
lock, Antwerp, 1665. Dr. Walter TTaddon^ 
muter of Trinity Ilall, Cambridt^v, wtoIi* a 
reply to it in (Jilin. whii-h was translatod 
into Knitlish by Abrohiun Ilurtwell, London, 
IWU'i. :!. • V'ititi ouoruiidniu Martyriim in 
Anzlta,' printttd m 'Conoertatio Kcclaaia 
(.'«tbr>lica> in Anglia,' TrftvM, 1£8S, which 
work waa editeil 1^ Fenn in conjuDCtion with 
Father Jt>hn t)il>bans [kpo IwMBwaTBKr 
JoKSl 3. 'John Fixher hi* tVrmon npoa 
this henlonce of the JVophet Ktechiwl, "L«- 
menlatioiies. Cnrmen ot Vie," very aptly ap- 

flyi^ lo I ho I'oMion of Chriil,' tr«nslat«d 
rtiin Kngliah into Ijttin. 4. ' Sermo do Joa- 
litin PhsriHiDorum et Christianorum,* tiana- 
lat*^"! fn^ni DiMhrip l-*ii)brr'» ' 8i.<nnon concem- 
1112 tli<' Itiffhtiw^itsnesfi of the Pharisrea and 
Chriotianti, prinlodtnFiaber's'OparaUiDoia,' 



Wlinbui^, lalA7. 6. 'Joantus Rpiacopl 
lloKauU Commen(«nJ ia Septom Pnliuos 
qui da P(Enil«ntiA iiutcribiintur,'iil.<m printed 
in Fibber's ' Opera Omnia.' U. Ad RnglitJi . 
Iratutlation of ihc Cfttcohism of \\iv Coiiiicil ] 
ofTMnt- 7. ' Ini^ruciioB* Ijow lt>MediuU' 
thti Mi«t»rim of the IIomu-iq of tbu Virgin ' 
iiarr,' ii.d. n.p., • timnaUiion from ihe ' 
ttsltaa of Guptir I>*arte. 8. ' A Tn-atiao 
of Tribulation, traiuUt^^ from tlii^ ItAlinn 
of Cftocia Guerra. 9. 'Spirit ml Trmi ie^jt, 
for tbs ime of tho Nuim o) tlic Order of St. 
Bridget. CoUedwl fromdiTLiBatitiontKiiK' 
lisb work*.' 10, ' Tlie Life of Si . Ciilhi-rine 
of Siotna,' tniruilnCed frojn the llftlian of 
I)f. Caterintu SeneoNs, n.p., 1009, Hro, n** 
priatcd with ■ prcfatv brVathrr Avtwaril. 
of tlie order of tViar-preacliers, London, ' 
lS67,6ro. 11. AlAtintranalBtionof Biiiho]» 
Fiflbor^i ' Method of An-ivlug to tbu Uighctt , 
I*erfection t» K«ligi<.ui.' 

[AdaitioDul MS. 19182. f. Hi ; Amse'e Typo- 
gnphiml AnliqaitiM (HMh*r1). p. 1624; Dodit's i 
Chureb HJnorjof KnKlaad. i. SlO.&ai ; Donn^r 
I>iahit4, p. il&; Oilloir's Bibhoemphienl Vic- 
tianarj- ; Xownde*'* Bibliogmphor « Mnnnai. pp. 
7fi8, 1W3. 1726; OliTCT'i Caibolic Roltsion m ■ 
Comvall, p. 301 ; IHts, Do Aof liai Scriptoribiui, 
p.806; 'ramK^«UiU.JJril.p.277,J T. C. 

PENN, SiE .JOHN (irri9-i;94), anti- 
quary, bnni At Norwich, atJ Nov. 1731), waa 
WUCttled at Caiue CoUfWtf, Oajnbridp-, «nd 
jp«duat<>d ll.A. in l7itl,M.A. in I7lt4. He 
waa early attracted to ULti^uarian studioe. 
And in a abort ociwunl of hiB joiilh, calico 
' Early TboujjUt a, Obtwrvalions, and Siudim' 
^Or^inat LetterHfTol. v.,¥REiai'ti' Aiixi'Tliatf' 
moal/ p. siii).hf.i ^\vk» uii intLTe8l.iD^ac«ourit 
of lus first eiitbiiMasm. After bis tvttlement 
at Dereham id Norfolk be became cominU- 
aionur of Uw paaco for thv county, and he 
held IheoHioeOifaheriffduringlfUI. lie was 
a uumber of the Socioty of Antiquarlts, of 
wliiidi hi< publUbi'd an biMtorical aurrey, vtt- 
titled * Tlirpn Ci)ron>i]ogical Tables,' ehowius 
it« growth from I.j72 to 1784. Hi' acquiml 
Iht' manuscript of the Paston letters from 
Thomoa Wortb, a chemist at Diaa. Worth 
had bought them from the librarr of Thomas 
Mania, wbo had marriod the widow of lVt>'r 
he N«v»,lh(!anlii]uarv. Le Neve had LouRhl 
Oivta from William Pacton, twund and lost 
•ari of Vartnoulh. I-Viiii )>cliltKl niiil pn— 
]iar4>rl tbaae for publiration in iire Tolumee ae 
*Oriinnal Letters written during the rt-ign* 
Of lUwr Vr, Edward tV. Uiohanl lit, on,! 
Qenty V H, by various persona of rank and 
conaoqucncv, and by mombera of the Poiton 
lainily,' lUa work woa onooungcd by Horace 
Walpoleaod otherSf and Uie firat two votlumea 



wen prodneed with a dedication by per- 
miaaion (o 0«or|^ ILL ThnM v»luni«A of 
raanuacript, eoatainin;; thit material of ibn 
two priDl«d volume*, were pr«3«ni»t, richly 
bound, to the kinp. Fcnn was kni^hlt-d Id 
honour of hi* gtfi on 3:1 Mny 1 787. Two 
mom ro1ua»(« were pnblisbcd id I7i*ii, with 
notea aud illustrntLons. A fifth Taliimo, 
completing lb»WDTk,w»B 7 ■' "■' ' after bis 
dcatn by W nophew, 8f: w. Mr. 

Onirdner states that Fe<u' ■■ ■■ -^ .* 'a dp^ 
(ect mod^l of can and aoenracy (br the Jays 
in which be liv<>d.' IIo appears to hara 
copied the manaarript twice, firH in iba 
original Ewlling. then id a mod«Tu nrtbo- 
graphy. Tl»e two copies were oareftiUy col- 1 
laliNl'by a friend. Mr. Dalton, who made' 
m«Dr Rtigg«stinn», cari'fully cnn^id^rvd by 
Fi>nn. Dalton hiDU'elf mail>> i>^uiu of th«| 
tranHcriptstn the old djwlliHjr- Thft orip- 
nala of tbo fifth a"olnmn were carefully coat- 
piirvd with the prints text by n rommiltrat : 
of the Society of Antiqitariof, and the vrntn \ 
appdared to Ni few and tririoL Tbu b".»ok 
wiiHtUuatrated by careful facainiilosof basd- 
writings, BuaU, and papvr-inotka. i 

I'lie original manuacripta ptpeaeat«d to tho-j 
king, and tJuse of the third and fourtU.! 
volumw, hare disappeared, in IB41& doulitsj 
wore 8uagnrt«d as to the anthenticity of tbt< 
Utten, irom tbo absence of thi on^inabi. 
In the same yoar, however. Mr. I*liiUp t'"r«n-» 
son of ihe editor of the fifth Tolom;*, di*- 
covere<\ the originals of ihat volnnif> in hi* 
house at Dungate in Cambridgeshire. H«| 
found a faw otber lettara of the collKCtina, 
which are now in the Brilbb Mii!M.>tm, 
Twenty Ivttoni cami! into l.lie hands of Fraii- 
cij Douce, and are now in Iho Uoilli'ian. 
Others wero in ihu library of Sir lliomaa 
Pliillipps. Mr. Gairdner has tnad» addi- 1 
tinn.'i from ihew aourcee in bis can-ful «Ji-J 
I tlon (1873), Fenu was high nberifl' of Nor- 
folk in 1791. He died II Feb. 1704. oiul 
was buried in the cbancrl of Kiiiningbant 
Church, Suffolk, where tlwn.' i.ia monuiaencj 
by Itocjn, tlw tvalptor. Ilis oiiW otWr pub- 
li'eatiuD wan ' Throt? Chronological Tahloa, or- 
bibilinir ii Stale of ibe .'N>ci>'ly of .Antiou 
rii'w,' 178*. He married, 1 Jan, I'tiB, lOea-J 
nor. daughter uf Sh^-puard Frew, -^m., ••f] 

bigl| motivfts and literary Mol of her bus. 
band. Under tbo nameit of Mm. Lovechil^ 
and Mr». Tcaehwpll nhtt wrote rarious worl 
of nn educational kind for tlm young, 
wliich the following may 1)e named: thi 
' Child's (rrammax,' ' Short Orammar,' tb4 
'Family MiacellADT,' 'Cobweb* to Caldl 
FliM,' and ' Short IliMorv of Insects.' Shi&l 
died 1 Nov. 181S. They lud uo tseoa. 



Fenn 



315 



Fenn* 



at 



■SI 



(OnKiul LcU«n, ite., by J. Foan ; Oatrd- 
iier'» 4>JiUoa of lite IVton LcUera, 1873 ; OrqI- 
Hmc. 1813. pt, ti. p. &as, Igll, [tt. it. [I. 3; 
Kkbt^'H Litenrjr .loocdutuii of tbo Eifcbtoentli 

Diury, viii, ISS-IO: Nirhala'd Illuslracionfi af 
itUnif^ Hmt'iry, *. I67_81 (urcrat of bia let- 

ra),vi. 613. 821; Graas«r*BLeUuniUuatmtivo 
uf liwcrtpbkal Histon, «d. M&Ieolin. pp. 70- 
IH.] W.JJ-B, 

FBNN, JOSEPH FINCH (1820-1884), 
lOOoniTy oanon of OIootmUt, son of thn 
Joseph Feiui, minister of Ulorkh^atJi 
Pftrk Chapel, Kent, was bom in 1)^20, nntl 
fdueatMlrilTriniiyOoIk'Ht.Cauibridgtf.where 
ho KTBduflted B.A. 1H41', M.A- lMJ6,and B.D. 
lc^77. Hl- vntu (.>rdaiD«l a dvacou in lS4o, 
and ]vi«6t in the fnlLowiiufyear. In 1S44 
1m lud gwuMl a fellowship of his college, 
which htt held until 1847. wli«n, on accejit- 
iag the vicanire of Stntfold. Bodfonbhire, 
igned. In 16ttO fav was appointed bj 
I0 thcperpctunlciimcj'of ChriK 
dieltenhun, on tb« reaignstion of 
ibftld Itoyd [q-T.] ; in 1877 he becAmu 
ilsin to Uie Biabop of Gloucester and 
and in 1B7U an bonorarj caoon of 
and in 1880 lie wu flloct«d one 
two proctun in convocation for the 
'mnitMl diuceae. 

Tbouph n pO'>d ccholur anil of vpry i*xt*ii- 
ve lenaine, Fcnn fnihtishe^l little, aevolinff 
i)f to his parochial dutifl(),includinc tbe 
iTieful ]trepiiration of liis «-nnon^. S>me 
these, fonning a voliim« entitled 'Len- 
in Teaching)!, 1877-):^,' Yinve benn Pub- 
hed tlnce hiii death. He kept cL-ar 01 llt> 
ntroTeniea dividing tbe cliurch of Eaf^- 
id. Ho took tin sctivu sliaru in all uiovu- 
d1« for (Lv improTfimonl- of the youufi:, 
' was the clMjiiPDt promoter of tlio frfio 
y system in (.'bi'ltL-Dluun. During Lhu 
yean of hi* lif« lie xta* n sCrotig ad- 
t to the cnuM of total abetinsnco. He 
gvnvnlly rvgardM as an evangdical, but 
voa not a [>any man. Ha iupp<irtt*d the 
8oci«ly for tlw< Propagation of the (jo«pol 
afl Itcariiiy Mt.be Churcli Miwtonanr Society, 
and lind n leaning to the old hign cburcli 
tion. He declined nnuflerof the Ixnr'fic^ 
St, Mary l^vdclilfv. Urij:t"l,iiilS"r, itmom- 
pliauOttwilh the wished of the riirUtCbuiuh 
eoBgfvgaliun. Tha chnrch of :jt. Stephen, 
Tividi, in ih" diotricl of t.^irl«l Church, wait 
Ttcd mainlr by his eiortions to meet the 
It* of itn irtcn<a«iug population, and he 
intrihiiti'd Ijlh-rally towrinlA th« undertak- 
n<' 'vns twice married, and has left issue. 
It 'J'J July I8M, and was bnrin) In 
> vault tu th# churehyard of Leck- 
nearObolteuIiniii A Ii>r^ uiirmof iai 
bem «nxilod in Chnsi Church. 



[GrBdnittiCanlabn'ftieDses,IS40,p. 108; ('.im- 
hridgu t'airersily Caleadars ; QluiKostonhiro 
Notut uDil QuurioB, iii. 680.] \i. II. I). 

FENNELL, JAMES (1768-1810), actor 
and dnimatist, wmt Ijom 1 1 1J«C. I70*J. Hi« 
father woa in tht^treaHury department of the 
ii«»7 poy ollioe. He wont first to school 
At How under the Ror. Dr. French, and aub- 
lipquenlly to Kton. After a trip to Franca 
he enlerC'd Trinilv College, Cambridge. Ui« 
lircattbcuoiTersityvnuextnivagant. Aban- 
doning au idea of taking orders he entered 
Lincoln's Inn, In conaeaoence of gamhtlng 
di^btts hu nit^rtgogcd to hie utbtrihe money to 
which ht' waa eulilleil, and when no fnrther 
aUowancf could be obtuined wcnl to Edin- 
burgh, Juu4i 17)^1, with a virw to adopting 
theflagBasaprofisiision. Jackson, manager (» 
I tli*i Tlii«CrM Hoynl, Bdinburgb, tingugMl him 
a.'^ an amnteiir. Ilia firxl appearance, under 
the name of Combmv, from the resemblancn 
of his own nam« to f fmclon, was ao Otholto. 
He played six times in Edinburgh with i«me 
Bucoesa, and accepted an engagement for the 
following wa«on. Iteturniug to I^ondon, be 
apDearraat Oovent Garden 12 Ijct. 1787 a* 
Otliello, and acted in olhur plays. Hani*, 
the manager, olTared to rtognoe him and pay 
bis forfeit (^/.) to Jockwa, out ho ratumed 
to Kdinhiirch in time for the s«a«oa of 17^^. 
Ho worked diligently and cooscientioujilY. 
He was to play ,^ffier in * Venice PrwserviJ,' 
tbo part of Pierre baing assiffncd to an actor 
named Woods. A. proposal that the pait* 
elir-uld be exehanged led to a riot in the 
tla-jilre and a bitter controversy, Fenuell 
ofTtriag at one point to reveal a 'scene of 
villainy.' The Edinburgh lawyer* look part 
aguiost him, and addrcwcd a letler to the 
manager <IJi Julv 17^) signed by Henry 
Kr«kiQe(dean of uculty),aiulld2 odvocatM 
and writer* (appendix to tlio HUtury of th* 
JScottuA Sta^}. Fennell bisan an action 
against hi^ peraecutors, but uTiimntuly ron- 
sentod to a compromise. He received MO/., 
and his adversaries agreed to take tickeli* for 
a benefit. They also invited him to ahow 
himself once more on the stage. He appeared 
accordingly as Othello. Uo gave one more 
pi-rfonsanco in Edinburgh and wen! to Lon- 
don, where be U said to have edited the 
'TbMtrkal Guardian,* of which six weekly 
ntimbtin) ar« believed to have Appeared im 
I^mdnn, Marrli and April 1701, 4to. He 
played Olhtdlo i.'5 Aug. at York, and was, 
says his employi^r, 1'ate Wilkinson, ' welt n- 
oeived'( ffamAfni^ I'atentei', iii. tio). Three 
days latorheenACtclIXin Felix totheVtolantfi 
of Misa Faireu \j\, v.j Upon his arrival ia 
London be was arrested lor debt, llu was 
still belpLHl by his Catbar, who with oLhar 



netshers of Lis family hoA dibowned him 
vben ho took ItJ Uie stage. Ue tlua actHl 
at KirkiDond,w]wrehe brought out hli'Linda 
*nd CUn, or the Briiisfa Officer,' ■ eoncdj 
in tlirc« acU, i>u)Mai|ueatlv enluvfrd to Ave, 
uiilpiihUHhMlLondoii,1791.8vo. Hederoted 
himself ia Loodcm to lilerarj and scivntific 
Mh<:niiM. A trip to Puie in 1791 1«1 to the 
publicalJoa nf ' A Hvviuw of Ilic frocvedings 
at Paris duriDE t)i>' la«t Summer,' London, 
n^. [1702]. He nfen to a plsv uutiiled a 
*Pictiii« of Paris,' -whicli wa» acUtl once. 
Of this no tnen It diKorerabk>. Uo had 
reappeared at Covent Garden HlOrl. 1700 
M Othello, and plaTtKl there in tlm following 
■auou. In 17fti lie married Miss II. II. Portrr, 
lliizd daughter of Or. Porter. Soon afltrwardit 
(1793) he accepted an offiT from Wignell, 
tnanag^r nf tho ItiiUdt-lphia Thtsatre, at>d 
iitart«d for America. Iklwwn 171*7 and 1/SOO 
b« acted at mnnTlhrnlnai in New York, Bar- 
ton, and elsawfiere wilbQUt e^tablUliing a 
position. lie gave readings and mcitatioDM at 
CoUego nail, Philadelphia, and for a time 
hcpt an acadeiDTat Charlestown, Maj^aat-Iiu- 
aelU. In 1814 liecntahlishod ^U'WorkA near 
New London, Connect lent, and sometimos, 
in inlervali of other oc-cupal ions, n(-»ort*;d to 
manual labour for brt-ad. He also tried to 
cctublioli in PbiJadHphiH a school aimitflf to 
Eton or Weet minster. He wrote iiobiij veree 
epUftl<!S,onuoftlii-m printed, aodcompoaedan | 
•Apolozj' for hifllifo, Philadelphia, 181 4. In 
a pitiable prefaco to thig li« njprfwenta himself ! 
atnc^liiig with want, and dedicates it to i 
Mimosa ^>enBitiva, apfiarently his wife, <if 
wltom and his ' drooping f/imily' Iir speaks, i 
Uuiilap in hi* ' Histtiry of tlie Americun | 
Tbeatn?«,' pp. tfUl— 1, ana elsewhere, suvs He 
iras a rcmarkablr handsome nan, QVer six j 
feet in heigh), with ligbt oomplexion anrl Imir, I 
and light grev eyes. Dtinlap dcclar^'i" that ho [ 
newr paidhi-! liilU in Paris or Philadelphia, 
tbuL hf liveil by fmud, and parsed hi* life 
bclweenn palace and a prison, liv Itnd Ifwn 
in 1794 Ihi/ idol iiflh." literary Tonth of I'bila- 
A-lphia. In 1**1.'>, at the "Chestnut Slrf-t 
Tlieaire, I^iiladelpliin, he wh* allt)wi>d to at- 
t«upt Lr«r, but liiii memur%' was gone. Ilu 
dii-d 14 June 1H16. Tbe picture affixed U) 
his 'Apologv' shows a )iftn(i»omi< hut rather 
uurrow hoad. \\nu'rerpr be went he mndu 
frimdii. In Edinburgh, ITomr. tho nntlmr of 
• Douglas,' MackonEie, of till! 'Manof Feeling,' 
and other literary men oonsorted with him. 
He resided aomii time with Jamvs Bruce, the 
A&ioan traveller, and damu U> liave aasiated 
him in bis ' Trarohi.' 

fin Apolou for the Lifs of Jam« Fcnnell, 
wnttM hy hitnMlf, PhiUdslphia. IBM. A Male- 
«uat of faieta oeeanoaalof and rrlattte lo t)ie lata 



dbtarhaacM at tho Thaatn Roral, 1 
hj Janwa Feaaall, Edinbargb, 8vo. i.. 
Jackaoa'a Ilivl. of lb* ScMllith ;<t»jtd. ITU.!] 
I>itnlap'*nist.of tho AmeritwnTlxsUre, Lntulttfl 
8to, B.d.: Goant's Accountof the KnglfahT 
Baker, Il«id,8iwl Jonca'n Dtograpbia 7 
Stcr*Llluil.o(tlMO»«a Romn^lTtl^i 
to Hnslowood ; Appletua'a Cyel(r|NKUa of AbM^ 
con BiognpliT.] J. K. 

FENNELL, JOHN OREVILLE (1807^ 
11^5), art ist, nnl uralist, and angltrr, wa» bu 
at sea bptwi><>n In'iDnil audKiijcliinil m 1MI7J 
He began hta career as an artiBt by wiuui!i| 
thesilvermedal offered by th>' I>tik>Tif.'>ii*.vt 
for a drawing of ITerruh*:^, and afterwinU 
wa» a student at Findeo'a house, wbera be 
was intimate with llablot K. Browne fq.r.] 
who WHS Mmilarly ■.■mployed. Aa a youo) 
niiin Ft^niifl! succeeded best in comic paiBG 
ing, but UterinltfewasfoudtTof landtcapec'l 
In nonif of llirJie, however, he waA very caro' 
le<«, and wan always unequal in his work, 
lie drew picturM nf th« tournament at 
EglintOD Oaittle for tbe ■ lllui^trBtH l»ndai 
News.' His fondness for natural hi'tory dts 
played itself chiefly in nbwn-Ations on Xl 
nnbits of fbh and waterside birds, thst 
lit? carried on aimultancoufily with tlie pnu> 
lice of angling, of which b<< was a devoted 
follower, eapM-ially in the Thames. Uewaa 
a member of the '"Field ' stalT froin iha eom- 
mencvment of that paper in ISTiS, and wrottt 
woek aflAT week in it on fishing suhjccta ; 
besides which be was a ffNiui-ni roninbut): 
lo the ' Fishing Gazette ' and other Bportij 
papers on onglmg and outdoor puT«uit«. II 
was author of ■ Tli..- Bi»k of the Roach,' IS7C 
un oxhauKtive iti*Httiie on angling for tbi 
fish; and contributed n paper called ' C«r 
osities of Angling Litornture ' to Mr. Choi 
mondeley I*imneU'i * I'f^Iiing Ciossip,' It^ 
Thia ia a discuiaive attempt at the humoroufl^l 
style in writing oil angling lopicf, which was 
at that tioH- fa-hintiiible. He also wrote * The 
llail and the Rod," a meritorious guidL^lmok 
t o the faTourite unglingn'*or1 n of line Thamea. 
Generous to o foult. and an excellent prac- 
tical anuler, I'ennell was never tio Iu>i»p/ ••* 
when reliitinp to a circle of friends reminii" 
cviuv-^ yf Dicken*, Tbwkeniyj Douglas Jei 
rold, .Mackny, and Harrison Ainsworih, wit 
alt uf whom \u> had (wen on intimnie tern 
He livitd long at Bameii, and late in life 
Henley, at both r.f which pUci>!f lit] 
favourably aitunled f<ir ll»* pumiiit nf 
ling. At thft latti-r town he died ruddenl 
on 13 Jnu. MH^T), in tho B»'venty-*ightfc 
of his ogc, and wim buried in Trtnitvol 
yard, not a hundred yardfi from tW 
in which he HjM-nt his lost two yrartil 
iho uppropriato epitaph, ' The 



Fenner 



sw 



Fenner 



hull tnotirn. find all tbp^r tluit cut noglo into 
the brooks shall Umt'iit'' (!)>. xix. 8). 

[Athmsfum.SlJan. lasS: Ftf-hl. 17 Oct. ISSJ; 
Fllhins Ouett«, 17anii3l Jan. IDfii (a Mrmotr 
by Mr. B. B. Uvstoo).] 31. «. W. 

FEXNZR,I)rULEytl55«?-1597),puri- 
tui [liTiiir-, wait hum in Kent, 'hciri3 of ifr«i^ 
pOMMtioiu,* and mairiciilat^Ml a.* n fdloTr- 
OommanerofPoiiTliou^e 15Juael57S. Brook 
tljirm n/lhf pHritan*,\. 'dif^) My» that beniLS 
'for mme time a ctilibruk'd tutur in the uni- 
lily,' but ntuplu llie Ttimarkwith the im- 
Lpoteible alatement tbst Tbomaii Cutwrt^it 
tod TniTers wpiv bU pupils. He probably 
obtained Bon« fiimfiBtCuabriiip! uapmobw 
and follower of Cartwriglit., mid wiw there- 
fore ohlifred to If ftv* tbe university very eud- 
deuly before taliintt a d^fn^ee— 'plui'lfi*-,'"* 
be tells ra, ' frotn th« unJvcnitr m from the 
^swetpit br«t*« of tlie norw.' He would ap- 
^Kiiear t'ibhtii fivfohissoTTieaforeomomonlDS 
Btn Richard Kk-tcbt-r, viear of Cruubrook in 
^■Kenti wbo«0 curalf, Jobn Stroud, wu hu»- 
^TbcndM in \67a; but. ho spot-dUy followed 
Carlwripbt to Antwerp, vrbi-n', being di*- 
aatislii-d witb bin ppiaoopal ordination, be wod 
ordained aft«r tb« mamivr of thi^ n-fcrnnud 
cburche»(llETI.TS, Uut. <^thf Prf*hyter!aiu, 
Lf. 2'i2: but ibefiictof hisEagliHhordinnlinn 
tin ibiubtful). For some years he n'mained 
iiat AntW(!rp oMisliDg' Canwrisbt, and mur- 
ii'd thrn-i but the dUtiirhed state of tb» 
[l^w rounlri'-n and tho uiildiii'»i of .\rcli- 
tbi^bop liriiiiLil t'lwarxlH purilniis t.mptrd 
lliini 1^ return t>-) Kntrland. Jubn Siroud 
bacilli; difd in Ortoln-r I W:», F«nnctr, in lbs 
f«I>rint; of I'tivt, bc^&mfl Mr. FletrberV curate 
I «i Cranhrook ; but in the July of tbi' camu 
rear WhitRift luccnrdi-d Clritidal, and put 
fortb Um-i' iirtiolet of confomiiij, insisting 
in an ackDowtedffinent of thf- cjuovn's suptv 
f Bitury, and of t h>t authority of l li.? iir»y w-bt»k 
id ariidt'*! Sevt^nleen ICenli^ii niimBters, 
Iwliom Fcnnrr vm Ibc leader and spokw- 
, found tlH-m»clu-« uuulle to stibucribe. 
A iMper eiititlixl 'Sentt<ncc8 and Principles 

I of ruritnoH in Kent ' ba^ wrillvu upon it iu 
J/ord ItiirRbl'-y's hhrirln-ritinii;, 'These sen- 
1eiu-<e following kt: (faibiTwi out of oortaio 
•«rDion« niid An»w>-r« in vrricing*, made by 
Dudlxy Funncr.' The miniHtem on refusing 
ttiWni>tion were pri.<no(mcifd ' contumacos 
ji-M-rmift norno,' and rallrd ii|Km tosiuwer at 
law in tVbruary 15t* 1. Fearinft the trouble 
and i-.xjM.-unf' of iiroft)^culion ibi-y pt-titioned 

*l1io bishop in Jaauary to continuo their 
)t<'fnk<'H. Kcnni^r's uaine is first oo tho list 
of Th'iituiu r-e. TIic arcbbiftliop eonferrml 
witlj .:u two oftbe tlorV lilt seiun, 

.and :. irrcasoos/aadtlic ' two whole 



days following he spent likewise,' but witU 
Diorc«ult. Th6mini.«Ccr9,btanKalUuipcndt-d, 
appealedtothequeen'acouncil; tbeiraddrees 
is ffiven by Falier (Ckurck ilittary, ix. 144), 
and Whitgift'e retoladcr by Stryjie (ff'Atf- 
g^t, IHX*. i. 'lo'l). The council not in- 
tarferinySir Tbomas Scott of Scott's Hall, 
AAhford, and twenty^ix grntlemi-n of Kt^nl, 
waited upon Whltgift in May, and pleaded 
with him on bubaif of ihci minUters Ob. i. 
272). Feiinitr was finally anprobended and 
kept in nrifion for some mDatus, when be eub- 
scnbi'd lor thepiirpiMMtof gottin^tabroiid, and 
retired to tlu> charge of the reformed church 
ofMiddlubuivhjWhereCartwrigbt had settled. 
Here bo diL-a towards the end of 1587. lie 
would oeem to have had the sympot^by of 
Mr, Fletcher, for the birth of his daughter in 
Junt« 1 '>S6 til ent<;rv<l in the register of L'raa- 
brook Church, * PVint not Fanner, daughter 
of \y. V. UuuciouaL Di^piiss.' Tbu but two 
words nrobably mean ' moat wortfaypreacber/ 
Ason,DomDwcember lS83,i8gtrea tbunane 
iif Miin- Fruit Ffnuitr. Fennrr's widow be<'«nB 
thewirflofDr.AViUiamWhitakeriandhon'bim. 
etcht cliildrvn. In the ' Epistle Dedicatoria * 
01 ibe' Certain Godly and I^eamed TreatJAca,* 
|Hibliahed in 159^, we are told that Fenner 
*eitded bt9 testiinonv iu this lifi!' under tbir- 
lie years of age,* In the list of bi& works 
which follows tho roasoos are note<l for ac- 
cepting 1D87 as the year of bia death. Fenner 
has always beea reckoned among the ableiit 
expou(<nt« of puritan viuws. His works are : 
I. ' A Brief Treat iff ujhhi tU« Find Tablx of 
the Lawe, ordprlv difiposing the Principles 
of IWiuiim, wlicn.<by w« may ■.^xaniiue our 
selves,' Middkbiirgh, 1 2mo,n.d., written (ace 
preface-) wbun the author wa^i under twenty. 
3. 'An Ani>w(.>re unto the Confutation of 
John Nicliob Vxa R/vontation, in all Poiniea 
of any weight contevned in the same . . . ' 
4to, 16A.1. This is cirdicated to tho Earl of 
Leicester. John Nichols, baring gone over 
to Rome, recanted to protestantism, and pub- 
liflied books atlackin^r the Komish ruligion. 
Ilis 'Declaration of tbeKecantationof John 
Nichols,' &v., was pubtulivd in 1081. Tbu 
' U. F. pntach'T at Ua m bridge ' m«tilioiie<l 
' near the end of 1 1)0 livatise is probably Fiianer. 
It w«s at Once anawovd ftnonvmnuolT, and 
, Fenner was asked to reply to the confutation, 
wbtcb b» assumes througlwot bis book to 
I bttve b««n bv Paianna. S. * A Counter-Por- 
tion, modeatfy written for the time, to mnka 
Annswero to the (.Ihjcctions and IteprodiM, 
wherewith ihe Au'iwerfr io the Abstraet 
woulddiagrnce Ibe llolv Discipline of (■hnsl/ 
London, dvu, 1584 F ti. 1. Tlii» ts primed 
uU» in ' A Parle of a Ilvgistcr cantaynings 
snndric Memorable Matter*,' &g. 4. ' TIm 



Fenner 



318 



Fenner 



AltM of Lofpks mui R«ttiorike, plainlie tM 

fonrtli ia tiie KngUsh toungus . . . lof^Mtliw 
with i-xiiiupln for the pmlJAc of lti« Mtne, 
for Mcthodt' in ihi; Gtivemmwil f>f ihe f»nii- 
lir, [irMcHbw! in ihe Word of God : Ami for 
the whole in the rcmlutioa or optining of 
C«rtUD« IHrtt* of Scripture, accordiuffto the 
Min<-,' Middlebngh, 4to, 1S@4. Thu BntisL 
MiiKi'um Libnm' <.'«jataiiij! u Bvcund uodAted 
Midil)«burgh pd'ttiun in fvn, and two cnni^s 
of ■ 4to editioD, with onlv the date I'tiU. 
B. ' S«CTB Thealo|;ia sivi* Veritiw t\am est »«- 
oundom pintjitoni sd unless et vcno melhoili 
We* d«9cripta, et in dec«in libr^ pifr |)i:d- 
leian Fennonun din«Ui,'LondoniHro,l''5>^; 
Geneva, 8vo, 1689 (priorBemenditior); fli*- 
n«Ta, 12iiH), lOM; Amst^irdMn. 8ro, lfiS2. 
ITjb tvro prefBtOTf iHten hr 'ITwinM Ort- 
wright and Uie author contain »onK> bio- 
gnipbtcal infonoaliun. Tlicro nrw DtanuMript 
tratifilHtinns of thi* work in tin- British Mti- 
ecum Library, in Lnmbetli Libnirv, and in Dr. 
WilliunsB Cibnry . Tha lOS^ uditlouoontjiinR 
coiBfllniencary |>oems bjr G. B. and A. B. 
not in tlie pronons edition. Fvonor spitnt 
MTen yew on this work, and «iibmilt4-d it 
to 1I10 oorroclioiu of C«nvright and gthsr 
finond*. 6. 'The Sonv of Soon . . . 
tranalftted out of the Hubmc into Kn^lishe 
nieet«r . . .' Middle Imrgb, 15^7 and 15i>4, 
8vo. Th« dedication to thu company of ib« 
' Maichant adri.'nturvni'pmuiiwii a similarly 
tdiEed tronalatinn of tlis 'Lamcnlaliuiis of 
Jsfenttab ' and 'all oChrr Ps^nlnic^ iii'Altt-r- 
iiuclje in*ert*d in th*" Sr.riptiirps/ wbich ia 
'^moKt finished i' Fenner e d«Blli in 15fl7 1 
expUins the non-ftiltilnii^Tit of tbi« promise. I 
7. 'A Short and Profitable Treaties of Law- I 
full and L'nlawfull Hwreatimw . . .' 1W7 , 
and 1690, ISmo. 8. ' The whole Doctrine of , 
tlie SBOtamoat«f, plain] ie and fuUie set doiine, 
and d(>cJ«red ont of the Word of Ood . . .' 
Middluburgb, 1588. 8vo. 9. 'Dudley Ten- 
ner lim Cftfwiiisine,' Winburgh, 1692, 8to. 
10. 'Certain Godly and t><Bmcd Trautises. 
Written by that wortlii« Mini(.l<:Tof f 'hristo, 
M, Dudley I'ennor ; for the Heboofe ond Vili- 
fication of bI those l.hat d^Hire to ^tow atid 
inorewe in tnic GmUincti,' Edinbarfch, ]r>l}2, 
8to. This eomainii: 'The Chder of Iloiiso* 
hobV,'*The LoidV Prayer,'' Philemon' (these 
three are the ' examples ' of 4 above), 'A 
nhort. and plain« Table . . , out of the first 
Tabl^ of the I,aw' <l?),wilh Sand 7. Hio 
' Epistle Dedicalorie ' give* aooue biojfraphi- 
c«l factx : the ■ IVeatUa on RecrMtiooe ' wa« 
Fenner'e first work, »TitI«n 'fir liin owne 

fftrtifularch«r(rc.'wh(inhewa3undertwMity. 
1. 'APartenf a Ite^Btcr, conloyninp-sim- 
drio Memorable Mnttcrit, wriltcn by divera 
Godly and Learned in our Time* . . . ' £dio- 



huTgh. 1A9SP 4to. This contains fp. 3(r] 

• Maiter Dudley Kenne[^sl>t'fn ■■ • () 
lie Ministers anuut V. Br><: 
with ft TnM Hoport of th<' ...-.' .: 
the Bishops afTsinut thoni, writli'U a niontl 
be6>ro his Death, Anno I W7 : ' .>'^ ■ " i I'.'l 
' The OounteM'nywB,' Ac, i j 
DefencAof the Rrojmns of th< ' -{'•tvi 
Km.' Wood iAtfiena OJVn. t. -llt^7. B!tsi| 
dilfprafrom ihe ilat«- hrrr civca fur FirnnT'^ 
dmih, but it i* confirmed dv lh>> date of lh« 
dmIicAtiun toO, and by the pr^^fllc«> i»f 'Th« 
SacTvd Dociritw of nivinttiV durribwl 
low. 12. 'Mr. iJndley Fenner his Consido^ 
ml ion of the Admonition of Mr. Vaiifjhan ia 
maner of a IVvfacc Mt befyre the TrputJsir tit 
the ("hupch, written by Mr. Bertnune dfti 
Loi|:nv of Ddulphinec' Kl'.-vciipainie amuB{j- 
Morrice's MSS. in Ilr. Williur*'* Lilirary. 

There hare been attribute^I to Fenueri 
1. ' A IV-fenceof the K«>a»>na of lb- ' ' 
PoysoU) for raaintenanre of the 1 
a|[siiMt an Aiiswere made to tht-i.- 
Oopeqoot, in a pnbliki^ Sermon at Pawlc 
Crosse, upon P«ilm W, 1584,' lOmo. If 
This ia also printtil in * A Parte of a RegisterJ 
Thu prcQzea addroi!.-* makes it clear that tl 
trad is not bv llm author of 1 be ' Coijiil^r 
Poyson.' 2.*theSacrEdroctriiioofDiTiniti« 
(ltith<;rcd<>iiC of Ihe w<ird<! of God. Tojfilhr 
with an Kxpliration of the liord's Prayer,'^ 
l&&g (a mistslie for 1.^89), iGtao. The pro* 
fatv' warns roaders that thui in not a transla- 
tion of Fenuer's 'Sacra Theolofiia,' and Epeelm 
ofhim a* threes-ears dead. It i^ dated I Jan. 
lIMiU. S.'AlIri'eraDdPlaialX'ctarHtion.ooii' 
tainincthe Desires of nil thoisc Faithful Minis 
Icrs Who ioeV Discipline and Keformatiim of 
tliii Church of KiiKland,' ,tc., IWl. Krook 
(Lirtt of the I'uritaM, i. 3t>8) <MyA that thl 
work, though havin(rF«nnor'suiiine pretixc 
iM by Dr. William Fiilki?. Ueylyu {J{{*t. oj 
tke'Pr&byteriaTU, p. 284) says of the inin-- 
tans ejected by A\'lutgif(, tliat 'four of tfc 
most AcdilioiiH of the pack, Penry, lliro^' 
morton, I'dnl, Fenner . . . ' priKjuced thi 

• Mar-Prelftte Tracts.' As (br vf Fenxwr " 
coacemed the statement is unsnpportiH]. 

[Full partieulitfs of lbs Iroiiblo* of tha Kmli 
ish miDistan and of Fvnoer an to be (uuiiil in' 
Roger MorricsTs HSS. prceomid in Dr. WUUams's 
Ubraijr, andinBIS.3T-l. f. 116, in tba Luol ' 
Ijbnrj; Scrypc's WbilgiA sumniarikMi tb« 
fouiili. Tarbut-t's Anosls of Cratil.rook CharYl 
(Lecture.iii. IS*-!) g>vM the fiillMt Ufo of Peiui* 
but oalcfv no attcmiA to eriiic**- BfooV« mif 
riAlemrnts. Cooper (Athens (' ' ' < 

pTfs an cxcrllsnt list of bis ii-l 
ia which he is refer- ' — ; ■ .... 

beaddedC. W. Ba^^ ii'ui 

NomwcUtiiM: W.W-!- -<- L,.^- i ;;>o*,. 



Fenner 



310 



Penning 




i. "01 (io Uio Vila WliilAkeri, Iiy AditoD, wliera ' 
FouBtir ia tr|<ul:eii of ta Caiiuaiiua geoercea (nioi- 
li« niiua) : M^lchior Adam's Decndea Dus. &<■., 
lOIS, p. ijl ] H. li. 

FENNER, KllWARD (d. 1612), jndpr, 
*on of John Fcnn»^r r-f ('n>w!i»T, Rubmt, by 
l^leu, daughter of Sir 'William Gorint; of 
BuTtfffl, WAS Cftllcd to till- bar tit llie Middle 
Temple, and ira« reAiKir in tlin niilumn of 
1U7(I. U« becune a perj^aiit ia M idia^lmas 
term L577, and enjoyed a conEiAcTiMf ^n^ 
lici>. lie vns np]K)iat«<l n jiisiice ol llie 
king's bench on 35 May 1500, anil wm n jus- 
tice iif lb>< jKisce fur Surn.'V. Thuugli not a 
itmiiK-nt tD«tinber of tli« cniirt, he vraa in 
I couiroifeion upon K>vural stato irials, and, 
^iottsly to hfcominfi a jnilgi-, yriu pn-wnl 
fBHtJc« of lilt! jKtacf at llii> trial of John 
I, Jamuiry liMK). In 1593 li« tried three 
'Wttckoa inlliuitin^onshirCiBnil nptunplilct 
account of thin trial wss publisovd. In 
January 160H h(^ rtceircd a grant of ah an- 
i^BDuity of W/. duhng the limebia s«rvic«« on 
^Bftimiit w«rH (liscoDtiuued. lie died S3 Jsn. 
^^hftlZ, and vaa buriud st Hayoe in Middlcsox, 
^^Bl(t had onu Koii, ]-'dward, wJim dittl ivithouT. 
^^Baue in l6lfi. 

[Ftwi'a J«id|{iMi of England ; UaUaway's Paro- 
chial Tofci^nphy of ChJchMtcrr. I 16: BtMa 
Trial*, i. Vi97 ; Cok»> ]{i-p..rt». p. I ; Qnen's 
ItelBwlic Siau' I'aprni. 1W3-10; Solw aad 
QlMnei. Srd mei. i. i02.) J. A. H. 

1^ FENNER, WILLIAM (lOOO-ltUQ), 
^Hpariun diWnp, was oducatod nt Pf>nibmlte 
^Hc'<>ll"f(<>, ('ainhrid]{<>,whvrt> he touk ihu <Iei;Tt>o 
^■of H.A. in lni», and that of M.A. in thi^ fol- 

^EmvmbtT of Oxford l' nivursily. Hv alxo took 
^"^ holy orden", and is bclicvex) m liavo be*n for 
a time cliRplnin to the Eariof 'Wamiclf.and 
to tave nitniMer»l at Scd pi ry, Staffordihire, 
wh«rp ' his Ijl>oiir» wvre ^-rvAtly bleiaed.* Ho 
did much p>od nl iSfdrlcy, tbvn deacribed a^ 
licathi'ijiHh place. He was forced to Ivsve 
tbi» ru^' ori ar«onnt. of bia puritanical jirin- 
|>lfs alxiut 10if41-7, and iravcllvd about for 
uin<> tuimlbit, ]>roa^hing fmm pincn to plac«, 
ind Brook allinne(£ftv«^M^/'unVanf}tIuit 
'bn wax much rmortMl to lui n canuiM, and 
lurh admired by xonin of Ui4> nobility.' In 
lft;7 lio jiox^-^-d-'l n.I>,. and two years later 
Pwas pr>'**'nt..-d to tbo livin^t of R'ocliford in 
iTiAwx, wIiETo hf [nliourcd with much succom 
mtil hiidcAlli in ItVlO. Kemrn'r wax graatly 
l|i];r«dat4!d tu a prtraclK-r, one of liia sannonfl 
. t»-inf; ({iiolvd bv wLUiiima in Ibe 'Clirittian 
I I'n-Hcb-iT,' p. 4o4. and liia irritin^ enjoyed 
|,c<inAii]vntliI"po]i<i!nritv f'Taoioe timCjft* tnev 
I * diMVivfrr^l Hiiirtli a<viii tun lance with n>li)pon 
'in all iu portQ,' *uu wuTQ plain in muioer 



n-hilfi 7i.«lous in tone. He wrote: 1. 'Tho 
f>iiu\'» l^okinj; OIamc, with n treatise of Con> 
science,' Sic, IMi) (edited bv Edmund Cu- 
lamy). 2. ' Kichcs of GrncJ.' IfHI. 3. 'A 
Trfali«e of AUix-lion)^, or lb« HnuYe PuI«l*,' 
1041. 4. ' Ohrihl'fl Alarm to driiwwB Sinnxr*, 
or Christ's Kpistk-s to his Churches,' 1^46. 
f). ' A L)iviu« McsM^ lo t hd KlfN:l8onlB*(viKht 
Bcrmoniil, 1^0. 6. 'Tbe Stcriflra of lb« 
I'silbful ; or ii Irvatiee sliowins the Nature, 
Prftwrtv and Kflicarv of »'aloiis Prayer,' 
7. 'TheSiiiritimlMan'Hl>irectorie,'&c.,lW8. 
8. ' Pmcticnll Hivinitie, or Oospel Li&ht 
sliinin^forlh in s^vcml choice Srrmons,'lwO. 
U. 'Hidden Mniuu,ortheMy»lery of Saviug 
Qtmo,' &c, 1652. 10. 'The Ihmctr of de- 
ferred |{epeutaoc« Ji»co>'«n>d,' Sic. 1654. 
11. 'Four profitable Treatises very iwful fw 
Cbrittinn Pimctice,' \&i~. CoUecLed editiona 
of hiaworks were piibliAhcd in 1661 and 1667. 

[Wood's FaHi (Bliss), i. 408 ; Brook's Lire* of 
t)i« Puritans, ii. 461 ; Qnn^r'» Biof;. Hi«t. iL 
183 ; Nevpoort'i Report. Kcul. ii. 497 ; Nott» and 
Qserioa, 6th aer. ii. L86.] A. 0. it, 

FENNTNa, KLIZ.VBETII (1702-1816), 

criitiittnl, thi; 'luu^fhtt^r of poor ]Minmt«, was 
from the age of fourteen employed in varioua 
»tuations ns a domestic sentat. Towards 
the end of January 1816 abe entorcd Che Mr- 
vice of Orlibnt Turner of 68 Chanooiy Lano, 
London, a (radi^smftn,in theenpa^^ilyof cook. 
On 31 Unrch following, Turner, liitt wife Cluus 
loll*!, and bis son Itobert, while at dinner, 
nil ate ofsDOK; yc»st dumplings prepared by 
Funnin^r nml immediately becama vuv aick, 
thouglt thfl illuQ'eetwu nothutin^. Itwme 
dLsoovcired thai uwnic had been mixed witli 
thr matf^rial* of the dumpling*, and siujncion 
nlightinff on Fenning nhewos emmmoncd to 
Ilatton Oerden |ioliG»-coart, and was com- 
mitted for trial. The caDc cnmc on nt the 
Old Bailey on 11 Ajpril 1816, uheu Kenning 
wan charged with felonioaely udminutteriog^ 
arsenic to Uie three Turners with intent to 
murder thir-m. Very strong eridence vna 
brought afrainst the prisuniT. It was con- 
ciuMvt^ly proved that Kenning had asked and 
receireu Icaro to ituili>e the dumplinp, and 
lliat she was alone in llu> kitotieu during the 
whole time of their prepamtioa; ibal iha 
poison was nr itlwr in tlie flour nor i n thr milk ; 
and that Kenning voa arqitnintoil with and 
bad access to a drawer in ber employer'e ofGce 
where arsenic was kept. lU^gct Oodsden, on 
apprentice of Turner, bad eaten « piece of 
duratilin;^ after dinner, iboogb stronKly ad- 
risra by Fcnniiitf nut to Loucli it, and was 
alwi iJikrn ill. tiiuuing pIcHiled not guilty, 
and ui^ed Ibal shi.' hud herself caton of tlw 
dumpbiift's, a piece of teotiujouy wUtcb wia 



Fen ton" 



320 



•cnton 



oo i fob c nKd hy Tuni9r'* mm^- —ho wid 
tlut the htd been neat for.ir' -Htriral had 
found ih>> pfisontir vorr »icE . I'hp iirimnn, 
in Murrirnii inir b^r innocftir^. tmil to tbow 
that Mn. Tunu-r hiid m spite ivpiin«t her. 
F!t(> mtneSKw ^mn i»1|p«l, wbo (t*^^ T'en- 
ninif ■ ptunctw of rp«t>*rtnl)ilitr nnd good 
nature, Tbe recorder's eumminir-np wi 
*ttftngiy ttgit\n»t tlie jiri«oner, Bnil J tit* jury 
flnflinf; Wr (^ilty An« wiut sonb-nM>d to 
d^nth. ( bi heMriog wnleno* ^ironoiinmil nhf 
fi>ll in a lit. <ind w«a moved innpnaible rmn 
the ilwk. ]*(ipalnr opinion wan hrtrely in 
ttvour *>f Fenning's ianoci^nott, nn*l cverj- 
eSurt n'u modti by ber friends and others to 
prortim n n^miiuiinn of tW ■ent«nr4>. On tbe 
d«y freoediiif Ihat flxf^ ff>r tli'.- Pxr«ution a 
moving wan beld at (lie bome offie'.- to con- 
nider thr. caw. Lord Sidmouth. th^ Imnur 
•ecretarv, wm out of town, l>iil ibu I'lrd 
dmnoellor (Kldon), tbe rerortler, and Mr. 
BeefcM were |pn*»cDt. ajid after a minute in- 
Veatiication of tlw facta ftnmn In n diM^ded 
eonrliuion thai there waj no reajinti for in- 
Iffrfttring. I»nl Eldon sanmoned another 
meetin); in the eveninji;, nnd tlio aame reiult 
waa a^Ti^'ml St. Accordingly on tlut follow- 
inf^ mnrninG', 'Ji\ Jiini.% Feriiiintr v:bs hanicni, 
in company wiili iwd (ii.h<.T mnlrfaL-torR, Old- 
fipld and Adnnin. Intense publir inlt>n«>t 
wiw «xrit*?d. it hf'ing still veiy gcmerallv >h->- 
lieved tliat Fenninif wm iimoo-iit, n )HL-li»f 
wlii^b waj« M fvnglJiCTipd hyheremplwtif di** 
elarslion nn th<i ii^AAidd; ' Berorv tht* jii^t 
and almighty God, and by thf faith of th'' 
hilly ancriinii-nl I linvi" taken. I ntu innocent 
of tbe fiffi-nri- wirh which I am chnrned.' At 
hw fiiticml, which took place five doyR latiir 
at St. Oivir^ thp Martyr. Rlnomsbnry. the 
pall was carried by sit inrld drp»«^d in white, 
and H8 many as ten tbouwind penK-ng took 
part in iht' procession which waa formed to 
iJiB scnve. TliecK(M>or Klirnbclh Fenninif is 
romarkoblo an obowin^ how prxvi^rriil in a , 
Btendy and conRisloul dM-tamrinn nf inno- 
cence on tho )>art of a crimtiml to pniduw a I 
(reniTnl Ijolief in it. Dr. Pnrr Iwe ' farr' in ', 
Unvyitvu'a Manual^ and riickens (Mtrr; \ 
iii. 340) beliovn] in hi^rinnoHDH: but tlie 
ovidmce a^fainst her was rery etroog. 

[Cctehnt4d Trids. 182ft. ri. 113: Ann. Rc|;. 
leifii Timwi. ItnrchatidApnl 1815-1 A. V. 

FBNTON, EDWARD frf. 16031. captain \ 
nnd naiigntor, was son of Henry F'-nton of | 
FHnliHi, in iho pRrisli of Siurlon fforu)i»rly 
Stmtton-le-Stcicph-VXfittinKbamahire.add of 
t^ocily, daughter of John Ik-aumont of Colo-' 
Olton, I.MC>--*t/^r»hi«v I.ibe his hmthftr. Sir 
Qeolfn-y Fenton [o. v.],heivddbifihcr«'ditArT i 
pttrimony, pwferring the lifw of a aoldiwr o'f , 



[forttaieto tbfftMpaetorandinf>fais.daTci 
, tbe igQomiaiom «aM of lua aacrstral homr. 
FpBioa'* fine public seTrice n-aa in In~ 
bnd, wht-fH h<> Bpiwars to have h«ld a com- 
ntand under Sir ITenTy Sidnrj in the auiv 
ottSAful n^pniwion ofthe rebeltion under Shaiw_ 
O'Nell in I '166- Henen«M)«ar*at tbeautt 
of ' tVrtaine Secrete wocaeiB of Nature . 
CfathoRid oat of diucra li?«n]«I 1 ■' 
. wells Qceeki! as I>itine, MU^tvd a» ] 
' Ixmdon, l(»e9,4to (w'w Ab»eb,l»"'J). i-.t 
ton's auibonthipof thia curirius work hfts l»^ 
douht«d (s«« Zfwy. Urifi. 1919), but il U di 
j dieat«dCoFeQton'senrIyf>atron,I<(irdLtimWj 
and eoQlaiuF • rvft'n'nct; to a wurk bv hv. 
' brother Ut-otfrev (f<d. ti7). It hiu hitliert4i 
I MCaped notice tnal it isnotLinf^ mort' than 
' traQ*latii)n, with a few additiooa and inti^T 
pulBtioas,of * HiBt«in>« profli^eTsesextniicir. 
dapliwieurs fanieuxauleu}«"Oreeeet I^lin^" 
sarreietpm|dMii««: in!M«canotnlanffiioi 
Piertv itoaiHtMiu sumommj Launav, I'ai 
Ififi", Sto (BmryBT, i. 083). In ilay 167 
Fenton aoiled lu ctiiirj^- of the Gabriel in Hi 
Martin Frobisher's st^rond vnyagu for t h>> dix 
I corery of ib« north-west pasaoge ro Catbaj 
I and Meta lorii)^tila. Fenlou's sharu in 11 
; not overwisio transaction appean to have I 
, conlinnd to marohlng tbe aoldJei^ under '. 
' charjfe un thi> hills am) down again npcK^ 
' high lanas on t-illuT side of Frobisbtv^i 
rpon th.r return nf tho exwdition to 
land in the autumn, we find Pemon wrilii 
lo W'nUinghain from Brintol '2'* \ov. 167 
ruspeciink! thf 'unladrn of the oore in tl 
Ajd and Gabnell, and how mauie toon** 
tho 8ayd emmv \s in either of thu aayd ves->r-l 
(Vnd ' 1(1 hav« order for \.hv diKlutrdgL* of tt 
marinerfl and unn^in^' thii savd vrasula' 
{Sta(e Paf>tn, Dom. Elix. cxviii. 40). Or 
y Jan. 1678 he rr-ported to the pri%'y cointc 
from Mount Kdgcumbe ' what HUcwnm I 
hath luid in trauellinjf to fcot owre in tb4 
Weet Couutrie," i.e. Comw^I {d>. exxix. St 
On 31 yiay followinff he sailed in thoJi "" ' 
na lieiiioniint-p>ncmt and evcond in com- 
mand in Fn>bi.«h«r'« third royMfe to Metaj 
Incognita, which he reached on zl July, imi 
day* earli'.T than Frubishfr; whil' 
for his chief 'hes|>eat ^oiid lime in ■- 
furmiuu(i.v. orv). iinddific:>Tercd ab< 
milo^npin Ihuomnln-y, whiTi-h'- [lorwvveHl 
nejtber town, vilUgn, nor likflyhood of ftnhi-l 
tation'(HAKi.i'rT. 1000, iii, 86). Oa 30 Aujr. j 
•vn read ; ' (>n thia dnyf tho mosona fini.*h(>d.l 
a bouso whiche C'Aptaine Fencon caused to bx J 
made of lymr nnd «tonc up-in tho Co(mte«a of] 
Warwick's (Kod-lu-aru) lidand, to the Gndnf 
Wf mi^htc prove o^ainsttheuexlyere whether 1 
Ilia ■'DOK'f could ou'.'rwholm it, thu froata 
br^do; uppe, or tbt> iMH>pl« diamSbvr il * {jA. 



•enton 



3" 



•enton 






•'il). Tlioflvt'tiif Uiirl««i]snil iirrivwl«Bfclj 
n Englsnii varly in (Ictober U>7S witit the loAs 
'of ftbout forty men. BngliBli sMinen never 
ttiniiHl 10 MfM Incot^iitA. 
la tbe following year Ktmioa wa« em- 
Joyed in IreUnd. Scvernl letters of bia are 
In tlie ' .Suiu- Pa]Kir»,' Irimh suriMt, 1574-85. 

rp. lUl', L-Oi, I'l'J, 1'32. lli* wniJoyment Jti 
nbnd ftpjiourB to hitn^ lominated in Dublin 
on or abuul 28 Sept. 1080 {ib. p. :i»J). It 
would appear, Imwuver, Ihat on 10 Jiim- {>ro> 
vioua bis liroibfr Jboim, wbo was mpiain of 
B^tn.'liarm, wiui uinrdomd (nk p. 307). 

In April liVl it. wan prnptwed U> fit out 
eight sliipM nnd six pinnactw, uoder Sir F. 
I>ruh>>, >Vnt<nif and othiTin, for an expedition 
afratnst tbe 8paniardfl in tli« Weci Iudi«e 
and olhw parts near at bond, i.e, Portugal. 
It wa*. howuTcr, abanduuwl in tbu autumn 
tfl far aa Drake vaa ooDOerniHl p<-r«<iiially, 
to bo rovived in Lb<> following epring eSter 
Mveral diangea of plan. Fiiiallv, in April 
166S, Feoton wsa seWled by tde Rarf of 
k'»tiT to command the new expedition, 
nmiiMlly to discOTcr the norfh-weat ptw- 
aage, but r^ly for trade, to proceed bv way 
of <bp Oip« ol Good Hope to tbe Mufucca« 
and China, and ibnucii< l<> rvtiim. 

Fenton'n inctrurtionii, a» tiiially revivMl, 

idlltoiwb studiouely ambiffuouB, were not ao 

alaunl aa migbt nppAar ii)K)n u IiukIv pvrtml. 

According to article 9 tbey ran tbu.x : ' Ton 

abaU ...gMonyoHrcouTMbrCupedeBona 

Sptvanca, not pafiiiing by the-. Stroigtit of Ma- 

^llan,«itberffoineorreturDiQf.' Article 10 

^ns tn tbe eoed that ' You Rhall not pa«M 

I tiie nortb-eaatw&rd lb« fortie dagreo of 

tittid^) At th« mo«t,bui aball tahe yournouran 

tbe U« of Molureaei for tbe bott«r dia- 

.8 of tl)» Nortb-m-wl pasaaffe. if without 

nuMC uf your trade, nnd wit. bin tbe aame 

you can avt any knowledge toncbinff 

pn^wf^e, wbereof you aball do well to 

inuuUitivv as ocL-a^iun in (bin norl may 

' (UArLlTTT, I.VO, p. Wol. 

V B«et compriiiMl four nhips, tbe Bear 

laon, allvmrnnlH called the Leicester of 

liins, Willi Fonlon for adniiral. and Wil- 

Ha'wlcinatjunior)rorlieut4«atit-f;i'nerRli 

Edward Bonavi'nlure of 800 tons, with 

to Ward M vicivadmirat ; tbi.*.- 1 wo chips 

V cnntxihiitM by ibn queen. Thflotlinr 

o wi'fc the iTnnt'ia, 40 lone, cmuaoded 

John l>mki-, nnd t\w Kliaiibi'tb pinnitn) 

tW Ion?, under Thooiaa 8kt*Tington. Tlio 

pixlitiim Hnilnl iti May 108'.', and reached 

inrra I^ume 10 Aug., wbfiv) iher reniain«d 

diujt until ihn end of rJept«mwrr. From 

out^-L I'Vnlon wart Wtous not only of 

rkirii, who win a Mtcr •eaaiaii than 

If, but alau of Captain Oarlylv, Ibn oom- 

VOL. XtUt. 



mander "' ''-■• wldiwy, who wa« ly soeoaed 
Fenton in of bis death (cf. FentOb'a 

letter to Le. written on the »ve of bia 

departiuy from i^igla&d, in Cotton AtS. Utbo, 
E. viii. 129). 

It aoon became evident that Fenton in* 
l«ndcd to ignore Ma instructions, if not to 
abandon Ihti voyage altog«>1her. Oti 2<iS«pt. 
ba aatcmiabed ^ia colWa^ueB by informing 
tJieuofbisiuIoiitionofHvizingf3L.l]uK-uu,'(o 
poeaedae tbe same, and tbeire to be procUimed 
Jiyiig.' *ThegeQ«niU(lr'eotcHi]beingiiotbable 
[nrT to do this foat w^out Cap" Warda, 
saide then be would go back agayn^ to tbe 
Tslanda of Cnpe de Verde tof«tch some wyne,' 
irbich, na Hawkins add-i, * wax onlv • dcviea 
to pick and stenle ' (t6. viii. 201 ; Uawkiw^ 
Voj/Sfffi, pp. 3d4-fi). After diapoiin^ of 
ihv Kiixabi-ih to the Fortugueaa at Sium 
Leone in excbnngu for commodities, Fenton 
sailed lo the coast of Brazil. olT which he 
aiicbon^d on 1 Dec. at Ht. Catalina Inland. 
Til" Fnuicis proceeded to tbe lUver Plate, 
where Hhu waswrecke<),tbociww being aaved, 
and l>rake sent overland to tbe viceroy of 
Peru. Alter a fruitleea engagement with 
tbreo ^anish ahipa by moonliriit, nc«r tbo 
port of St. Vincent in iJraiil, on 24 Jan. ISt^, 
Fenton tumexl homewards with his two re- 
maining sbititf, and anchored in tbu Duwna 
27 June 1&83. Tbia Toyage>, by whidi Fenton 
ia best known in naval unnabt, waK a com- 
plet« failure, tbe tiual loucliMt to which wem 
given hj hia placitig Hawkins in irons and 
attempting, in his ragi'. to stab bim, in order 
to prevent exposare, Fenton in consMiaence 
fell into diflgrace, but hia favour at court 
prcvcnt»d his com^detc ruin. 

In 168tS Fenton eommandi'd tbe Mary Hose 
of OOOtons inthe fleet foronposing iheSiianiab 
Armada. Ctn 31 Jiilv tSSU we find him resid- 
ing at D«ptford ana corresponding with bis 
cousin,W)lliamAdibyofLo«ebyinIjeioi>ater> 
shirB{iffer/on**.25M.vol.iv.fol. 22). Iir 
n^oember 1(!03 Itewaa writing toCi-cil (/fur 
MSS. Cvmm. 3rd llep., appendix, p. lUii t). 
11edli;d ill llu> HHme ymrwitbotit iosue. Hn 
marriei] Tbomozin, daughter and colwir of 
Uenjamin Gonson of Great Warley, li^ssex, 
whoM second husband waa Chnstqib«r 
Browne of Iteptfotd, son of Sir It. Browne. 
i'enton was buried in tbe church of St. 
Nicholas, Duplford, wher« a monument was 
erected to his memory by Itugi-r, earl uf Cork, 
who marTied hia niecm (Tuoepk, i. 760). 

The fvw lilcrary minaina uf Fenton otbar 
than llinse namivl above wilt he found among 
the Cotton M89. K. viii. 81, lai *, 157, and 
reUti« lohisvoyagitof lfiJ*2-3, rourjonmala 
of ibo voyage wore written by P. JeflVoy, 
llawldna (recently printed by tbe Uakluyt 



•enton 



332 



•enton 



Society), Wnlher, tnd Maddox respectively, 
mill «n_' I'xtttnl in ttii> mAnnscnpl voluntM 
which eoutaiii I'Vaioa's Icit^-rv. All of them 
^liMerve to bn re«ciiMl fmiu oblivion and 
[inaUd, MB tbiiy tona an inU-nuiling link in 
the tun] hutorr of the Ktxli^ntli ct-nturj 
b«tweca th» iwo clrcumnt^igationA of Dnika 
mid ('nvendUh. 

lArlter'a Keg. StAL. Coup. 1875, to], i.; Brng. 
Vm. 1747-66; Bruuet's Uuii4l du Libnira. 
6ita ed. ISBO; HaUuyt'i Nariestlom. IA89; 
Hakluft's Vorafces, l«Dl). 3 tiiL. ; lUwIciiis's 
VvjaffM, wL Hupltbiini (HKklnjt, Sue.). 1878 ; 
Thorpt'iK^itromRofbiue. I7D9.] C. H. C 

PBNTON, EDWAIU) UYN'K (d. 1880), 

suUior, cuti.Tvd ihu Bntit^li army as an eo- 
aign in th« 63nl Sbro]]«tiin> n-jrinu-nt of tot>l. 
in 1617, wa« advanced to a liRUton&ncy in 
1649,plactKl on Ibii Imir-pny li»t in 18r>7',ob- 
tained a cajHainrv in the Ulh Riickinj^ham- 
ahirervfpioMitof foot in ISoH, and exchanged 
inio tlie 8flth royal Counry liown K-gimsot 
of foot in ItSOO, wilU which Ui »ih.-uI sumo 
years at Gibr»Uiir. IIo retired from the army 
about ld70,amIth^R(N!forward resided Rhiufiv 
at Scarborough until hia dealli, whinh look 
plaua on 27 July 1880. H« was well known 
ax lui auiiitcur p1ml'i(jrnpb«r, and rvry popular 
nmnnghiEfricnds, Hf^piibUshed: 1. ■Soniea 
frum (lib. in quwi. ol SeoaatioQ and Sen- 
timent,' Ijondon, lis72,8vo (a colli'rtion of t'li- 
t«rtaiaiog narrativea of tours made in Spain 
durinff brief ftiHoiif^hs). 2. ' Mililary Men 
I have met,' London, 1872, 8v<i (hutnoroua 
aketcbeA, illustrated by Linley Haraboume, 
of lytH'8 of military cluimcivr). 3. ■ Eve's 
Daiiphlers,' Irondou, 187tl, 8vo (a vuluiun of 
tUglil iski<U:h<»aiidsLortv«tUitatratingf<>m»le 
characl«r>. 4. ' li,, an Autobiographrt' Ivm- 
don, 1B74, Hvo (a thr«e-ro1unM novel). 

[Army Lb^ 1B4S-9. tSAO-l, 1B6S-9, IS6U3, 
IBaft-»; AlheniFum, 18B0, ii. 178; BHl. Mm. 
Cat.] J. M. K. 

FENTOKT^ ELTJAIl (l(f.H3-l7:K)), pool, 
waa liom M &hclton, ni*r Nowcaatk-iiuder- 
Lyue ui Jitoffordshir*, 'M May 1IW3. lie 
waa desceudod from an ancient fnuitlv. Hi* 
fulher, John F«utOD, an attorney, wliu died 
in 1094, waH coroner for the ilmtrirl, and 
must have Ufl hie children in good cirruiU' 
Slancw, ainco tHijali, thauffli the eleventh 
child, waa ablt; lo proc«eu to Canibridi^. 
ITtf eraduated B..V. at Jesus College iu 176l. 
He had bcc.-n introdud fi^r a cIcrf.'ymAn, but 
consoiectjoua acruples lod hiui to (l"clin>.- 
taking thi> oaths, and thnn di«iiialilieil liiiu 
for ofduni in the church of Cnglnnd. Thiso 
ohjoctious would auem to hnve been t«th«r 
retijjious than )>oliiicul. u^ thoy did not in- 
terfere with Ilia aub»oi]uent paai<g)Tic upon i 



Maribormiglt. He did not 8ook o^)iuat* 
at ibo hands of tlt« nonjuring cle: 
appeoTB to barealmoat immodiatdy o' 
employment aa iMretary to tin' 
\ Urrvrj', whom hu ac<<Mmp«ni'_'d to 
' After re]irv(uiKhinghbt p«lronV M-rrioei, 
' came auiaiant to Ambrrae Bonvirkc' fi 
' th« w^il-knijwn schtxil master, at H 
Surrev, and was .ilionly af^erwarda al 
' be«d-iDaat«r of the gmmmar i^hool at Si 
oaka, which hv ta Raid to bare brought is' 
nputaticm. He had already publisbpd 
! r<^umeof po«main 1707, compoced an eK 
! nn the dMth of the Marnuia of Bhtudfoi 
Marlborougfa'a eoa, and obtatm-d ^uflici 
reputation as a wit to attract ( 1710) an 
vitatton fruiu fioUnghroko to give up 
school in hopes of a more vnitahle provixic 
vrhlch h» was aeatired would be fnrthco 
Ha taaaid to hare unauc^etMifiilly appU 
the commisaionerahip of iitanip-i vacat 
St«al«, but tlua aeenis irreconcilable with hi 
objection to take the oatha. 'ftliatev'^r 1 
cansc, Bolingbroke'a pronisea w«re not fii 
fillftd, but Fcnton's diaappointmeut w 
partly solaced by his old patron Or: 
who made him, about I714,tutor to hi« «i: 
I^rd Broghill. Thia ongagem''nL cuntinu 
for six yuan, and at its l«nnttia(ion I'op«, 
procurra him another aa the inatmrtor of 
Cragga, tlw new sccri'tary of eUiie. who wa 
anxiona to aiipply liiA '' •" , ■ - ^ ' ■ i 
turo. Fonton s prompt ■. 
ti^nt, but they wer« ipc.'iM) ....i;iii-.i . 
uncimdly di-alh of Cra^. i'ope, howtiv. 
alwaya uelpful and fru^-udly, confetrv-d 
Kenion Lhu diHtin^iahed honour of aft«»- 
dating liiui with binuHlf in hia tmtidlatioi 
of the 'Odyssey,' nllofting him tlie fir»l 
fourth, ninutL't^-nth, and Iwenlictb bookie, a 
remuuerating liim with 300/. (Southern, with 
whom Fi'nton had long been coooectiHl, a 
sistvd him with hi» draniiitic t^xinuionce 
the eompodil ion of his tragedy of ' Mariamn 
which, after \)f\ng rudely rejected by C'ihb^ 
waa acted with stiooi'W at thr rival theAi 
iu IT'iA. Fenlou'a protita are Raid to h' 
amounted to nearly a thouaanil pounds. P< 
soon ubtaini^d fur him auoih-T tutorvhip 
thi.'rnuiilyofawidow.LadyTrumbiill.wlu 
Huuhv lir»t educatvd at homc.uiidaftoi 
accuinpanied loCuinlinil)fi-. Wlietithi> 
man's education was complete, I^dy 
bull retained Fentnn in IIki probiibly nomin 
emnloynniiit of auditor !>f ln-r acr.-'unr-' 
hislatter years were spent lueaseii: 
III- prrtixcd ' n short and Hrpani 
Miliou'b life to an edition of hia work^, 
undtTtook to amend the punctuation 
' i'ata'liN') I.iMt,* wlllioul, it may b" A*ni 
inttoh iuaight into Lhu matt«r. In 17^ 



m 






ipubtiibed a flue nlition of Waller, wit]i 
'AOte* wbich Johnson coiuidcrs cvta too 
copiaiu. Ue died in August 1730, accord- 
ing tn Bonie nccountd of gout, but in fact, 
row tL'Ud Bruomv, of wnnt of trxorcise. Ue 
luul tnuinUted tltct fin) book of OjppiKn, but 
tibe vereioa appears to be lost, and liad bi-^n 
« tng»dj oa iha subjuct of Dion, in wliicli 
\« \m naile little proffreso. Pope vrote faix 
pitopli with point aaa leeling. but bonowvd 
lie firrt. coupint from Cnwlmw. 
Frnton ia My\ed br Johnftoa ' an exccilleDt 

iTeniRer And a food jmeL' He had. indeed, 
caught thtf trick of Pope's venifilsstMa with 
mask tuew9a that it me never been po«aible 
to distinguish his shara of the version of tliu 
'OdysBfy' frutn I*op«V by toteroal evidence. 
It ii queitjooabl^ wlietlAr he desenree tho 
appellstiun uf pwt. llie most coaudurablu 
Siii>ci.!t, th» ' Urmn to the Sub,' the ode to 
»rd Gowcr, IIm elegy on Lord Blandford, 
th* ' Hpu'llv-',' ««! at motil ngiv^tablo Mor- 
CJMf iu metre, and hiii general gnod taHtc 
doM not preserre him from some nthcr lu- 
dieron« lapse*. Perhaps his idoai memornblo 
eoupltit in one in wbicu lie completely inverts 
the concluAioiis of modem science re«poctii^ 
thti urigiu of [ho human species : — 

I'oan to I ho tril>a fruiii which Llinj traee ihedr 

clan. 
As monkc^i dmw thoir pedigree from nan. 

^Ki^ ir8(P-dy exhibits considerable ability, but 

r&ihor lli«l nf a playwright than of a poet. 

Huriamn^'g fate had alrvady h<.>en ihc- subject 

nf line of C'nIderun'M gn-at^Ml p!iiv)>, (if wuicb 

7enton probably never hfurd. Hih lighter 

_^eoM are not deficirat in upright I in'.-<Mi, but 

thi' humour Li farinfi^riorto that of his model 

*rior. On the whole be must be clawed 

' -A-il h f biiMi to whom poetry ha» been ratlier 

nn amuKemmt limn an inspimtioo or an art. 

The tefitimony to bia character is very higb 

And uniform. * He was never,' says his pupil 

f Orrery,' named but wi lb praise and ibndntws, 

a man in the higbest degrue amUble and 

Ecellent.' Iu Ikev of (his uvidcucv, which 

imply confinni-d by pnrticular aiw^rdoten, 

assertion that he si>jke ungratefully of 

pope may 1*'^ dikmiRwrKl a.* (cmundbiw. lie 

Faeems to hare bod no fault except the indo- 

ieiH>> wbich shortened his life. 

[Jiihiinon'* l.ivM of thn Poms; Pope's Corrch 
adencei Llmlnnra'a Dice.] It. G. 

KENTON, SiH GEOFFKEY (lOaOP- 

4), IrnhAliitor and frtiite^mAn, was boo of 

levyFfninnof Ivnton in Noitinabiimsbire, 

(-Vi-ily, ilait^bler uf .lutin LlueuDMnL 

ali-ortun in l-cirealTiiliin'. The details 

bra uhHv- lif" iiiv iinVnonn, Iml he most 

iro rweivvd a very good educatiouj obtAin- 



ing a good luutlvry of thu French nod Latin 
Unguacfls, probabty also nf Xha Italian and 
Sjwnian- ue also seems to have been cod- 
neoted in gome way with the famitiuii of Lord 
Burghleyand theBarlofXieioMter. In 1M7 
he was residing in Paris, whence be dedi- 
catee 10 Lady Alary Sydney a coUoctJon of 
novL-U translated from Boaiatenu and Belle- 
forest's ' Histoires Tngiques, oxtratetM doa 
ceuvres Italicuues d« E^ndsl,' nnd published 
by FentoQ under the title of * Certaiiu: Tra- 
fficall Discourses written oute of Fnsnche and 
Lattne by Gcffraitr I-'enton no Immk profit&ble 
than pleaeauiit, njid nf like nec«Mitye to al 
di^n-v9t tluit t«kL> pleasui^ in antigoi^res or 
formine reportes.' This seems lo oaTO been 
bix earliest work, and was a noteworthy con- 
tribution to the litcnture of the day. It baa 
been styled as ' peihajps the moat capital mia- 
oellsny of this Vod* (Wiitroy, HMary of 
Englitk Vortry, ed. K. Price. l^iO, Ui. 388). 
Other traiuslations iroin the Frem-li fnIlow.td. 
vix, ' \. I>L0cuun)e of tbe Civile Warres and 
late Trouble;* in FraiiCf ,' 1 ri70 ; ' Actes of Con- 
ference in Iteligion, or T>isputjition.4 hnldcn 
lit riirinhetweeDetwoPapift'fSof Sorbonand 
two gttdly Mini.'itora of the Church,' 1571 j 
' Monophylo, a Philosophical Discourse and 
Division of l^)vo,' I57'J ; ' A Forme of Ohrts- 
tian Pollicie, gathered out of Fnuich,' 1574; 
' Golden Gpistlos, gathered as well out of 
the Kemuyndcr of Ouevarues woriies as other 
autboura, Lnlioe, t'ntiiclie, mid Italian,' ir,7S, 
a kind of supplement to IIe11owi»<i' transla- 
ijon into Kiitflinhof iht! ' F.pLitKys of Guevara," 
already published in 1671; '.\n Kpiatle or 
(ii^Jlv .\il munition, sent to the Pastors of 
the Flemi.th Churcn in Antwerp, eschorting 
theta to concord with ol Iter mialst en, writtoa 
h^ .\nlony de Carro,' 1578. In 1671* he pub- 
lished hia lost and mo«t monumental work 
in the translatino fexn the Freodi uf Uuic- 
ciardini's • History of the Wars of Italy.' 
This was an uiKlertakin^r of immense labour, 
and had great vogue in its time. It ia prtK 
bably t he work alluded to by Gabriel Uarvey, 
Spenaer's friend, in one of hi* lett»ra, wbera 
he says, 'Even Guiodardine's silver Histnrie 
and Ariosto's golden C^nle* erowe out of re- 

3ueeL*(\V.tHT»K,^f.a']t.) Tiiiswork Fonton 
ediTittcv) to tjiieen Elisabeth, 
In I.'iSO IVnton iiuitted tiie spliere of Ute- 
ralure for tbiii of politico, and followed bis 
elder bnjiber, l-^lmtrdFenton [i|. v.], a cap- 
tain in Sir William I'elham's oampuigu in 
Mtuuier, into IrvUnd. It is poaaible that hit 
also served under rulham, as ttie latter wrilee 
to Wal>iii}{biun im 10 F)>b. IfiSO to TVOOm- 
mcnd Fenton u seerecary to the new lord 
de]iuty, Arthur, lord Grey do Wilton, and 
oti'H^i uly FeatoQ writcfl from l.,imcrick to 

x3 



Burgiiley till hv hu boon nroni birr itu- 

^'nty't HecTKUn- in livbiiid, cltii^Ry upuo the 
atUtr's recnmtnendation. Grey amTi>d in 
Ptiblin on I'i Aug., liringinj; in hiH train n 
DUD more iUofCrioiu in lil^ratute.and app*- 
lently boldin; a similu- office to Fralon, 
Edmoad8peiuer,witli whom no doubt Fifnton 
wu klnftuy aoauKiiit«d, as they bad frieoda 
in GOtniniOD, aucti u Q«orf[G Turbervillu, uid 
eiijoyvd thfi Mmc piUronaga. From this time 
to Iiut dMib Fvnton took an active and im- 
potluit eharfi in tlie administration of public 
ftflain io Irclud. In December 1&80 h« wu 
Mot over bythe lord deputy with a meuage 
to tho aucm, and probalily on that uocnGtan 
inspirra li«r with tbr oonfida-iir^« and tnut 
wbicli ahe aubaoqu<>atly placed in him. He 
rvRiHini^l in In-lHinl w tirincipttl wcretai^of 
state througb a iiiicoeeeiOD of lord depiitieat 
and acted a» a useful reporter on t heir doin^ 
and ezpendituro to tho queen thmugh her 
mioiflten, Buiyhley und WuUin^Uam. ]I<j 
doea not nem lo havu bf«n popular lo Iro- 
land, and under one lord deputy, Sir John 
Perrot [q. v.], tlie dia«enaiona between tbtt 
aecfetary and his moater wum t o bam r<<ached 
acriaia. In Jitim ITiHA IVrrol tnnt F^ritoo 
over to Eitjfland to obtain the qneen'it can- 
»<nt to bis new achome for the diversion of 
the rerenuea of Sr. PHtrick'* in Dublin lo th* 
new collegt!, aAcrwsjxls Triuily CoUe^, in 
tliat city, Fonton ri'mnimxl aome months in 
attendance upon the quo^u, and eventually 
roturu»d in March \5i*6, bringing with him 
a wbole aehedulo of clmrjfce to be met with 
immediate answer by the lord dopuly and 
tboeaomjdoytid under him. Permt nlVcr ihia 
aeema lo nave lost no opportunity of sniiov- 
ing und barassitig Fenton, and Bnallr, on tUc 
excuse of an iusttniificiuii debt oi monuy I 
to himself, had F<-ii1aii arrt-Ntml in ptiblic, 
and thrown iiito the common debtors* priaon 
nt Dublin. From thin In- was relented by 
peremptorv command of th« (jiicpn. Inlfi^ff, i 
uod*^r Sir William FitjwilliBni, Fenlon was ! 
rewarded for bis service* by knif^hthood, ' 
and io 109U-1 spent a year and o half iu 
London aa eommis&ionur in the impeachment 
of Sir John IVnwt. On tho dwlh of Eliza- 
beth be run mmw cliancc of loAio|B; bis place, 
but wa£ t's-entuuJly coufirmi'd in it for life, 
though hi- viw C'iuiik-IIihI to itlinrt! it with 
Sir Kichnrd Coke. Besides the ofGco of ra- 
creUry, ht> held olhw posts^sncli as aurveyor- 
gencral. He naturally did not cacanc th< 
DccuMtion of haying enriched bimaeli ioor- 
dinalcly at the country's expense, but he 
seems to have bad UtUo difliuuliy in disMil- 
Hag this charffe. He ■wa.a rvi;Br()e<l as bml. 
knowing tJie disptwition of th<i Irish in all 
parts of tbe kingdom, and appcLsn tu have 



been an booest, Giraifrlit forward servant nf 
the qtiecn. lie was a consistc-nt. supportar 
of Kngliitb inu>n»ls La ItvUod. He did not 
ithriak from adrooatin^ the assaMinalton ttf 
the Earl of DMraond as th« host way of uod- 
ing the rrbi^Uion in M iinstor, and as aderotsd 
pfotaetant pmhahly felt no oompunctioD at 
aaaistias to admioratcr toziitnt lo tlut tmfoi^ i 
tnnaft Or. Ilurlf-y. ITc waa a spectator at 
Slign of the final destruetioa of toe Spanisb 
Armada on the wi«it roiut nf Irolanct Ho 
wiw of great of in (l^'feniing tlie insurrection 
of the Earl ofTvronein Vlster, and in quell- 
ing other rebellions, and f^in^nUlTntducing 
to aulniiisaion thi* (fivater part of Ireland, as 
bisinfluencewitb ihoque«n wassuffidoactA 
obtain tbe money and the troop ne ce wanr 
for cha purpaM, and m ntffvaraly anppliea. 
In June 1685 be married ^^cv, uaugbter of 
Dr. Itobert Weston, formerly hml i-hamTUor | 
of Inland, and wiuow of Chr. Hurh Itrodii?, 
bi-xtiop of Mealb. I)y lier h« had one »or. 
Sir William Ft'nton, and one (biught^, Ca- 
tberiae. married on S5 Jul^ 1603 to Riohard 
Bovie [q. v.], aflern-nrds hrrt car! of Cork. 
Fenton diiHl at Hublin on Id Uet. 1008, and 
was buried I» Ht. Patrick's in tbe same tomb 
OS his father-in-law, I>r. Weston. 

[Ctialnen'sBuig. Dict.iBiagmpbinBrilimiiicn; 
Lloyd's Stabs WoRhioa ; Cslcndar ufSute Papei» 
(Iroland). lAtO-IOM: lyiwmlM'i Bit.l. »sa.; 
VUitation of Nottinghantahim (HArleuin Soa. 

Siublisncivns, vol. iv.); Lifu of lion. Roberk 
loylo (Worlia of tlM aaiB», toI. i.)] L. C. 

FENTON, I..\V1NIA, aft*rw«rd» 
Docuixs OP noLTu.i (l~08--ir<><Ji, aclrfw, 
wsa lK;m in 1708. Htir rrpnlt^l f«lhw, a 
lii-utriiiint in tb« navy named B''<iwick, on 
beinff eummoneil lo duty bi'foni iho birth of 
bin ciiild, ile]>nrt«d wit.h a n^muit that in tb« 
event of rho unborn pmving to be a girl tiie 
name of I.avinia should be beetowed upon 
her. Not long after Imr birth her motoer 
mArried one Fenlon in the Old Bailey, and 
Booii afterwards set up a cotTiW-housti in t.h» 
nvighbourhood of Churiiiff Cro«». The child 
was then culled by Ihe surname of her 
moLber's husliaud, aud ' bcint?,* wv am lold, 
' of a virncioiu, livnly Hpirit, and a Jiromisiiig 
beauty/ eha vraa much petted by the fine 
gentlemen frequenting the cofliw-houfin. The 
charm of hi-r voictj. and tlia extraordinary 
correctness of her ear for music, brought her 
into notice, i^hc caught at onci^ ihciunea 
which 1 he ' hummini* Deau\ ' (»-> tbe muMoal 
i;>>iil lemeo wer« called) brought from tho 
theatre and tha opcia-houm, and repeated 
an-uralttlv ewry conffshrt badon(.t! heard Imc 
mother sing. ' A comedian belonging to thi» 
old bouse' took great duligbt ia Uug vxhibi> 



I 

1 

I 



I 

I 



tioo of llio cliilij's cl«vcm«H», Mid wil» at 
eamp. painii to teftrb her new nongR. Slip was 
thua WDt to a bowding-whool, but wu witb- 
dnwn when ftbe wi».t rhin«fn, and went W 
reside Trith bei mother, who had meaawfaile 
4iiiitU-d ChikrUig Crou and retum«(l to tho 
Old Ilailey. In 17'20 ahe taadu hit titst np- 
pearance oa the ata^^a aa Monimia in OLway'» 

• Urnhana ' at tbc new tbeatre in the Hay- 
marW. fixv weeks Ulvr the was allowL-d 
to ahare a benttlit with one Mr. (lilbert at the 
«uno tbvatre, oa which occasion ebe [ilarod 
thejiart fif Oh(.'rr}', th« Innketipw'fi daiif^litrr, 
in FanjuluirV ' Ileaiix' Stratagem.' Shi> was 
then «ti|;aK«d by a company of comvdiaiii 
who plftved twJM nwrak dimn^lbci summer 
suwaat the theatre in Lincoln'^Iitn FJ^ldit. 
H«r sucoMa waa remarkable. ' She became,' 
writes oiw of bvr biugmi>h«ra, ' the talk of 
the oaffee-houaM, tbe atoal odebratdd toa«t 
in town, llcr fad', her form, ber ^nee, bcr 
voicM, htrr nrrJiiic.u, \u-t "im]>litnt.y, 'wt-nf 
laudod alike on all hand«.* In a CHtcKpetmy 
•Lifu'Df her, published in 17^, ib quoted 
At lenvtJi a • hillt-t ' «ti)ii»o«w.'d to liavo hei-n 
ptsnoedbyaetrickeneiut^'n; it iddeltjrhifuUy 
Abiurd, but clcurly apocrj-pbul. irich, th>? 
BHUiacor at LiucnlfiV Inn ^'inldi*, ni.'Xt oflVred 
AGai fenton an enj^aifi-nieDl for the winter 
•BMon At tbc rate of hnwn ehillingfi a wvuk. 
Sbe accepted thi! pruixiMil, biil nfti^r the n- 
Lraordinary aucceia of the ' Rejrsar'a Opera" 
lu<r Malar}- wiuidoiibM. 

On 2(1 Jan. ]~-2'f* MiArtFenton first apnwiny! 
■M Polly Piiachum in Oay's ' Beggar's Opera' 
(fiEStWT, Ilut. of Ihr STofff, iii. 3dO). Th(! 
thwitre was crowded nighi after ni^t. The 
piny hnd an uninlerruptt'^l and then unpnv 
oedenlod run until (t Mnrcb: Larinia Fenton 
became the nige. SwiA having written from 
Dublin to Gay to bespeak an early copy of 

• I'oUy's mewotinto' (, HVr**. ..■^LSeoil, 1824, 
Jtvit. Um), Gay s^nt it on *JO .Man-h, ohserr- 
ing that ' PiiUy, who was bel'orv unknown, is 
now ill ko high voigu" tlint I niii in iloiilit 
wbctlier her fame does nni. nurpnai that of 
lbi'<)p.Tnilwtf' (I'ft. urii. 181). Indwwl, the 
print shorn could barnly kw'pjwee wilh the 
Onnand lor l)it> t^iigia\iitiiR of her portrait ; 
b«r likeniMu d<.-corul:(.-d t )m> Indies* fans : a band 
of demoted admirvrv gnanlcd hrr wen' night 
■on hor way home from the theatre after iwr 
performance ; ami, nH the notea to the ' Duii- 
rmd ' toll UN, ' hur lift* wan written, lK>ok» of 
lottera and rf-naa to her publinbed, and pam- 
phlota niatle even of her sayings sod jcat«.' 
jiltbotigh ahn rouM not bi^ roniidt-r^ an 
IK^vomp)i»he<.l vocal i»t, she could hin^aaimplo 
Kn|jli«li bullatt in the moiit rflt-flivL^ style. 
When ihrt ap|<wl to Mr, and Mn-. ]*i<«'.-bum 
to tytrv .Mach*'ath,— 'O! |K>nd«r weJl: 1>« 




not severe,' — rang through the bouse in tonw 
of the de«pc«t emotion, she fairly c&rri«d 
the whole audience away with her, nod •&• 
cnivd the success of the open {i&. xrii. 104, 
note by Joiwph Warloii xubjoinwl to a leltor 
of Swift to Gay, duled from Ihihlin :i7 Nov. 
1737). Hopirlb has minted the st^ne, intro- 
ducing lbei>iikH of Itoiton in iini-ortlui Nids 
boxes, on the right-lmnd side, with hi* eyea 
fixed on the kneeling PoUv. Polly wears « 
plainly inadf divsv, ' very likr ihr Himplicity 
of a modern qiiaker,'ju!it as MiicklinMiwand 
<U'«crilwil heir ( iifennMrn, It^M, p. 48), 

On It March 'i7-2fi Mui.4 Fenton, on the 
occasion of ijuius benefit. appeared as Alinda 
in B(>«mnont and Fletchers 'Pilgrim' (aa 
altered by Vanbruuh); on the ISlli she 
played Ophelia in ' Ilamlet ; ' and on 6 April 
»» Leant he in Faruubar's ' L<jve and a Bottle,' 
played for Tom Walker's (the original Mac 
iiealh) beoL'lit. On the 24th i^he was playing 
Mareella in Tom IVtlrfry'* coau-ij of ' Don 
Quu[ole,'Bndonlhe3i)tIishetookherbeneSL, 
when she appeared as Cherrv in the ' Beaux' 
Stratagem' (OESEfiT, iii. i2^, 227). Btit, 
haling otTended a great number of her patrons 
by joining pit and boxes togethirr, many of 
her tickets wew relume*! to her by tboae 
who obJL-cled to pay box prices for a seat la 
the piu HowuviT, manager Itich, who waa 
known to be a dnrotwl admirer of ' l*relty 
Polly," look the receipts of that nighi to him- 
*elf, and on the following Sutunlnr (1 May) 
gare her a aernnd k'neflt, when the ' Keggara 
Oper* ' VMS played for the focty-wventh time 
(ii.iir,227). Oft IQJunc'theoperawasplaved 
for the fixty-cecond and the Last time that 
Mason, and Larinia Fenton made Iter last 
apjwarancoon the boards of a theatre. On 
July I72ct( lav. writing to Swift from Bath, 
says : ' The IfuKe of Bolton, T hear, bas run 
away with Polly Peochum, liaring settled 
400/. a year upon her during pleasure, and 
upon disa^freeaient 200/. a year' (Swin, 
itWitji, vvii. liffl). Thin may have b^ near 
the truth, but iho exact terma were never 
known . 

Charles Paulet, third dtike of Bo1t<m. who 
waa some twenty-three years ohkr than hta 
mistress, bad been foreied br hia father to 
miirrv in 17i:j Lady Anne Vaughnn, only 
cbitinlilerandheiressof John.enrlofCnrb^ry, 
in Ireland. On the deal b of I he old Duke of 
Bolton in 1722 the pair [lartwl (WaLMLK, 
I^tffri.eA. Ounningham. 1. ITOn.. viii. 234). 
Soon QfiertV' ditiih .if ili.-diithe*»(iOSept. 
1751 1 ihe duke inBrrif<l IfAvinia Fenton at 
.\ix in I*roTence. Both «» mislnits and wife 
her conduct was commendahly diM^>et. Dr. 
Joseph Wftrton.in the note already cite<l, says 
of b«r: 'She waa very accompl tailed ( wu a 



Fenton 



jafi 



Fenton 



most igreeabto comp«iu<m ; tiad mucli wit, 
and Strang Aenfte, and a just taxta in polite 
Ul«muTV. Hur niTMtn was agroc&hlo mid 
well tnaitr' : tbouKii kIim ixhiU not bn mllwL a 
b&aalT. T have bad the pleuure of being at 
iabit* Willi hi:r, wln-n lit-r cinjTifrsatipii wws 
tnurh adniirf>d hy (h« firiit riiaru'li^n of thn 
age, particularly thv vM Lord Bathuret aad 
liOfti OrHiivillf.' Al Onppln Bank in W«n»- 
l«jr(la]p, Ynrksiiire, thnre tn atill iii niiKtvnce 
a summer-bolts^ built for her by her lorer, in 
whirh IftTftl tradition ai«wn.« sht itM-d to vncnd 
iDUcb time on lierTiiitalnthis udnhnf tiig- 
land. And vhich command* one of the moat 
ext«naive and Tari«d pnwpvctN tu tho dnlp 
(XitiM atui Qufrit*, &th aer. i. 488). Tha 
dukfl bad had tliiw children, all aaas, hy Itia 
niatreaa previoutly. but nono n-l»<«n ah» he- 
camv his wife; bi> that on hli dearh at Tun- 
brid^! W.'Uk in Aii^urt 1754 Ihp litl^ went 
to his brolher. An aoootint of thtau thrt* 
aonp i« f(ivfn in CoUinfl'a 'Peerage ' ( Biydgee), 
iL 368 n. By his 'n-ill the dulciy, af^CTrequcst- 
ing to be buri-.-d in hla Eiunily vault at Baaing, 
county of Southampton, bequeall>ed all bia 
mtats. real and Mnonsl, to hia ' dear and 
well-beloved wife,' who in th« onlv nirrann 
mentioned, and {-oninitulml her'Trfiolc and 
wle Mcrulris ' (n-gistered in P. C. C. 21fl, 
Pinfnid). TliA dueheu aumred ]icrhni>bnni1 
until 'i\ Jan. 1700, after behai-iog, acoordinu^ 
to Walpole. not so well in thff cIioradcT of 
widow as of wife (I^ttfrt, iti. SfW- 7 ). Two 
Team before her death, when ill at Tiinbridife 
nMU, ftho madu the ncquainlJinciuhip of an 
Iriidi «ur)ifTon niimi-cl (9i.iirgn Ki-llirr, whom, 
by will dtiifid IW. 17ftl> (P. C. C. 47, 
Lynch), aht! apjjointcd her executor and r-- 
aiauaiy leiralei', not. however, «■ Wa!|>iilt'. n*- 
BPrts. to the prejudice nf her children. They 
had h(vn nmplv pnn-ided for by a s«ttleinenl 
madf! in the Ufi-timc of their father. Th« 
duclieiMi died at WcM Combe Park, Green- 
wich, in Jnnnary 17*K), and wai bnried in 
the old chureii iif St. Alplit^gc. Onx*nwioh. 

Hoparlh painled her [mrtrail.and it is one 
of bia b»U It was en^^ravcd by '!. Wat£ori 
andothen, and, wlipnexhibitexl in theiwcond 
EshibitionofKalinnalPortiaitfi in 18137, WHS 
in Ilin p(>iw^i(.ni of Mr. Brinaley Marlay. 
She thhre looki> ahnut forly yv»n of ap;, A 
fairly suceesBful photo^rnjih froni tbh> portrait, 
while if wna at Sonlh Ki-nsingion. was y»}>- 
lislied by the .■Vruudisl .Society. 'Jack' KIlys 
[q. v.] tikewi»>.- painied her, and hia work 
waa mezsotint«d ny Fabi-r in 1 738, A third 
portrait, engraved by Tinnev, re]>n!Mnta her 
M a ahcphcrduM wiui a eroob. 

[Ttie Life of Ijavinia Bcswitk, aliaa Fcnlon, 
llliaH IVilly rMurhtiin. 6vo, 1728, a sliilliiiK paai- 
pbtet of forly-wigbt jugav, CDntatoing.aiiiia ninth 



that is clearly Bctltfnua. awnv aseful focts : Dut 
ton Cook in OoMa Wwk. riii. 6ftl-6; Mifmoira' 
of Charlea Uaokliu, 8(0, lB(V4.pp.41^, Leigh 
Hnot'i Urn. Women, and IlookK, ii. 184-1; 
Lady M. W. MimtaBv a Ul t er* < Wbarodt A) and 

ThnraM),i.57,ii.Mft;C«lliai'si'<:«nig«(Drtil««>. 

i). S85-C: Itnrko'i Kiiincc- I'ovragn riS'ilS), r- 

*20: Not«aand Quorlt*. 2iid Mr. riii. ttl'. 4(t) 

aer. ii. 13; Kr»n«'a C.*i. nf Ivii)^i>vr<l ! 

i. 1:21 : Grova'i DicLof Muiti*:. i. 6) 1 : 

Cat. of Kngnrod lN>rtTaiU, p. 301] t,. •,. 



FENTON, RICHARD(17HM821 >,liTpo- 
(rrapher and poet, bom at St. liavid's IVm-j 
broKwliire, in 1746, reci-ivpd his •?dwatioa] 
iu tbeoithvdral school of his Rativecity, ar 
at an early aj^ obtained a situatir>n iji L»i 
don in ihii custom hoU£«. .Yf\i:rwiu>Ifi hi 
cnt<«ed the Middk Temple, and -itiidiiyl fiK 
the 1^1 profeaion. During; liia n-^ideom 
thrru be bwarae acquaint'xl with most '^f th« 
litcmiy atid dramatic cidebritiee of the dayj 
lie knew Mmethind of I>r. Johafton, and nl 
OolA^milh, as well as of Garrirk, to whom' 
many of hi« poemt) were addrv8A:.'d. Aftt^ 
beinf; called to the bar he attended the cir 
euit« in Waloa for sev»nil ycant. Thtt lattt 
part of hialiffr h^^di'voted to lil^rraiy punuilii.^ 
He waa a Terj- intimate friend ofWiUiatHi 
Lijile Bowles and of Sir Richard Coll Hoare,J 
whom he frcqticnl Iv Tisir><<l at StoHrhead, 
Fenton wa* a goodOiv^k, l^tin.and I'rvnL-l 
RChnlar, and a jrentloniAn who knr-w hire well 
described hitu as ' a man of indeiutieablc in- 
dtistrv, of a Sne poetical fnncV) of n very 
clicoiful diaiKwirion, of particularly guntlt 
manly and faicinatini;; manners, OiAl a per 
son of tho betFt. inform&tiofi on iilmoat i>rr 
subi«:t.' He murri-^i tli> -ofUuviil 

Piliet, a Swiss iniiitarv pfrsonal 

friend of the second f'uii-'i .^inrlboruujifa.' 
Bv lier he had a family who siirvtvtsl hiM. 
Ifc died nt. Glynamel, near Fivliitaard, I'em- 
brnkeshire, in November 1821, and waa 
buri.-d at Manorowen. 

His work* arc: 1. 'Poems,' l/>nd. IT'S, 
Ito ; 2 vols. 17)10. IJmo. 5. ' A Hi«"rical 
Tour thruiiifb Pt'mbrt.ike»hirt.',' I^in-i Isll, 
4to, with tkiny platen and a man, Prffixe<l 
i8lh<?authorVp<irl.nul,cn[.'nLVcdby T. \V«iol- 
north, from a i«inlinit by Wooflfimlr. Tti* 
la the work censiin>d by I>r.TTiomi>- " 
bishopof St. ll.ividV, iind oft«>rwnr*l' 
bury, in hix * Bi.thop and benefiidors i^ Hit 
David'a rindical^'d from lh« misrepneenli 
tionsof a recent publication,' !>* I-'. fVntoti'i 
caustic Psply to tht' bishop rcmnina in msnn- 
script, '.i, ' A Tour in guest of < ■ 
throDgh aereral imrt* of^W'alen, > 
ibinr, and WillAhira in a seri^a of leit^ri . 
inlenqjerwd with n dcscripliim of Stourhn 
and JMonehengv . . . iuid«uriou)i fragmentu 



frnn % nuiuKni>i collixlion awribeil lo 
SbilwttM»n>. Ky a I)«rmter,' Lonrl. IHll, 
8t<i. -1. ' ^f<<mol^8 of an old Wi^/ Lomlun, 
1815, 8vo (tatnn.), n humorous work. fi. A 
truiiHlnlion at ihii ' Deipno'ophistH) ' of Atbe- 
iin-us; mannacript (li?po«it^ in tbtt libmrv of 
Sir R C. Tloare at SlourliMd. 6. CnmeiliM 
it) niADUMript. 7. Agreat quuitityofinutu- 
Bcrinl m«l«i«I»fDrlbebi«oiyof*Terycouniy 
in Walo*. 

[Amu us. iMZO t. 107, 91H3 f. 274: 
Biog. Dirt, of Living Aothois, p. IH ; CuL o( 
I'rint*^ Itooka in Brit. Mu-t.; Brans'ii Olt. <tf 
EogroTwl I'i)rtr4iu, Ko. 382" ; Gi-nl. Mag. loi. 
pt. ii. p. ail. nn«r iter, xsxvii. 318; Lowndofl's 
BiW Sinn (B<tl.n). ii. 7W) ; NoIm wid QouriM. 
Ul per. riii. 108. 3rJ M>r. ii, 331. flih mi-, t, 279, 
330 : Watt'a Bibl. Brit. : Witlinms's Kmincot 
WflUJimeii, p. 166; Wllliamt'a Itiog. 8ktt«h of 
lb« iMovt emio^ut Imlindiuda Walm hn* pro- 
dwed. p. n.) T. C. 

PKNTON, ROGER, D.I>. (l-'''-r>-lfiIB), 
bom in LAnriifbiiT in liV^'>, wn.'t iiluraiiMl st 
t'amliridgtf I'mverritY. becoming fellow of 
P^mhmkx iUll. In 1^1 hcwa.* miulc TvcUtr 
orSi.SiojJicnV, Witlbrook.aodinlOOSorthe 
«ifl)<li1>(nirm}r St. Itonel'a ^eretiag. He n- 
«if^pi tlu! latter in lOOO.im liin BpiH>inlini--ii< 
In thf viriimp' of (Jiiigwfll, Ks-irx. In ItfOO 
liosuco<HilwlLBnroIol. Andrewe5[q.v.]intliL' 
frebeiid uf St. PuncrM in St. ranl'i', which 
Diihl)' liim rector and pnTron, an woM aa \icar, 
nf rhi^'wcll. He ua» n!M> from an i-iiTly clit** 
jirvarln'r to ihr- rcadf-n nt Urtky'a Inn, and 
lirld thft poft III! liij death. His &m work, 
* An .\n»«-cr to William AUWaslcr IiiaMo- 
.tivM,' was puhtinhed in l(j90tUidigdedieBt«d 
tin- riifht wonthipfnil hia sinjiular fpoA 
[palnmrs I ho fpsders of GrayesTnn;* b»idM 
tli" di-i|ii-ntiun th<-ru It u «hon U»U- in which 
' lh" iinllinf to William Alnbinalcr, prisoner 
in thi> Towt?r, wLiih<.>th health of bouIc and 
bni]i<>'fMM>.\LinA<TRn,\Vii.Llfcll]. In 1011 
■■ninn publiHh^ ' A Trealiiu-' of I'surii*,' In 
hrve bookn ; there wiu n swoml edition in j 
612. In I6fi2 thorc appcarv-d a tmrt i-n- \ 
i'lwi *yiUP*Mn tjn.vilibi'tica, or Discourse 1 
;irlif>tlirr it mar h--t^ tiiwfull to take tiae for 
(inini'y,* wliifh hrnn llif ^iit»-title, ' An F.x- ' 
niinBlinn of Ur. J-Vntoni Trpotise of I'sunr.' 
The author elnlcf in hie pfTnC' that I>r. 
Idwnum, IV. Ki-riton, and Itr. .-Vndn-wr* »r» 
('■-■ "I - ' •■fiU'd o|i]Mtiii>riiH of usury io Knjf- 
' he ?c<ti tinned) ' I liuvi' initde cboice 

iiionV tn-Aiiii^ to i-Taniim' bocauae it 
tlv Uli-«t, and I lind litilr- of any momeDt 
III i» in him.' Thi* pri-fnrc i* itigitr^ R. F., 
1 ba» a nott Itcfimr it by Rogtr Twy«d«n, 
lyiH}; that ' Ihe {iri*ot- I now ff^vt th(« wm» 
writttto almo»t thirty yeiir« fincL* by a ti-ry i 
^^mtmO gmtWman fvr >iHtii>f«<^tion of om* of' 



Fenwick 

worth and relatioQ to hitn.' Tbenmhorwas 
Sir Robert Hlmer [ij. v.] Kuntca died od 
10 Jan. 1015, and in 1617 fatA auoccuor at 
C'higwell,Knunanu«!Utii>,publifibed 'A Trea- 
tise Bi^inHi the Keccaaary DependatKe upon 
that One Head nnd the pi«WDt R«coueiliit- 
lion lo the Church of Rora«. Toffetber with 
ciTtnine »enuouE preached in publik« aasem- 
hliea.' Ul ie _pn?fi.t<.'» a dedication of bia own 
to Sir Francis Bacon, in which he calU the 
traal4M 'the Poetburous of Doctor Fcnion,* 
but Myn that it lacked tinal reviaioD. Ha 
aeema lo imply Ihal I't-nton's treatise oo 
nsuTywa^ali^o dedicated to IInr:on, and com- 
plains Ibal 'muw ulWr liia death bit hts 
Eiookc of umrie by the hcvlo . . . whoee im- 
pudcDcie waa dashed before it had acoreo 
loobcd abroaci by thnt watchfull and triw 
evangelicall Rifthn]!, thn DinccMn of Loudoti.' 
Tbfl Mnnoax in this volume *t« «ix iii num- 
ber, tliree of them having been pn>acbed b^ 
foie King J«me«. Fenton waa vue of tha 
popular preachons of the day ; a sermon of 
his, ' (>f Simonie and Safriledge,' was pub- 
lishe*! in 1601, from which it ap|wafs that be 
waa at tliat date chaplain to f^ir Thomu 
Egerton, the lonl cham->Tilnr. Another WM 

Eubliched in 1615, 'Upon l>flth^s,' prcflch«d 
i-fiin] tliM iit'Kvn' Comjuany ; aiul a ainaU 
Tolume containing four more; appeared iti 
161(3. l-'vnioa was one of the authors 01 
the revi.sed vcntion of the Qible; liia nam» 
occurs fourth in the liitt of the acholan 
cnlruatcd with the Epittles of the New 
Tc«uuDtiat,wbometat Wc«tminater. I'tioV 
dedication, above raentionMl, give* a dcacrii^ 
lion of Fenton*a mentii aa b preacher und 
writer, «neakinr of ' that jud^[einent which 
was admirea) of eve rv nide,' and ' the naked 
innocenciewithoutsflk-ctatioQ and the natural 
majnutiii of tin- Mil", like a master bee with- 
out U sting.' Kenton was buried under the 
comrauninn-tnhleinSl.StepbenV, Walbrook; 
hit epitaph itpeaks of him aa ' iramatura iu> 
mio morlt' obrepto,' and addi that bis own 
parish of St. Stephen's erected bin uonnment 
'ex jiuio aeii»u «t aui vt communia damnL' 
Utie mentions alto the grief at his death of 
' those ill Oroya Inne, whoae hearts hhA 
thorough I heir eyes when they aaw bin dead.* 

[Xowwtin's lUpertorlatn. 1. 197 : Stow'» Sup* 
my. ol. S«iT{M, i. 2, IVS; Wood's Fiwti, i, 149; 
Latwdoiroa M.'^. »&3. BriL Mus,; Wwtcott's Hilt. 
<atb» Eagliah BlUa, Snd nl. p. 117.] K. B. 

FENWICK. I'R.VN'rtS, D.D. (HUB- 
llKM), Il'iiN)ieliiti4 noiiti. horn iii l^ndon in 
lO-lJ), entered the convent of tit. KdinumI, 
lUris, where he wa« profnued 1 Nov. UU)4. 
He woa created a doctor of Ihe Sor)N>iine, and 
oftorwaids elected prior of Ul. Ldmund's to 



FenwicI 



328 



■enwid 



I6SO. He was an eloquent preacliFr utti in 
smt reptiUi witli .(bdip* II, who M.>nt. him t-t 
BU agent to tlie court of Kcnne. Afterwarda 
the getienil ctLspter of tlw order ■ppointnl 
him abbot-prefliduot of tlio coU^ of Si. 
Qngorj at Kome. !!« di«d in that cUt on 
SO Oct. }6&i, and vm baricd in the eluipel 
of tha Englixli Oollr^. 

pV«ldoD'N Cfarftoirli', p. 336. Arp. f>p 19, 21 ; 
NicI»li*iColl«!l-T»tiosr.e«Gonnd.v.88:Kffl(iy'« 
RM0ida.vi.AI8: Olirar'i CmHoIic Religion id 
Cornwall, pi *91.] T. C. 

FENWIOK, OEOROK (1603P-lfl67), 
parlinmsntariRn, mm of George Fenwick of 
Brinkburti, Nortbumbrrlnnd. nnd I>f»rorhj-, 
daughter of John Forst«r uf Newbum, woa 
born about lOOS(tloaBgos, Sortiitrnbfriaiid, 
It. ii. HI)). Fenwick wsa cuUt-d to the bar 
atOny'i Inn on '2\ Nov. 1631, and adnult«d 
ancteut on H May lU-'X). He took an ndive 
pariinthe«ch«niefi>roolnnii<in|;CV)iiticcticiit, 
linied the agreement of the {wlenteeo with 
Jmn WtnUirap the younger in 1635, and 
Tiaitad BoMon in 16S6 {MtutarkiuetU Hit- 
toricai Ofllectfimi, &tb ser. i. ±Ji, ifiH). In 
1630 he settled with his wifv and family at 
the mouth of thoConm-cticut river, bis agvnt 
for tlie pab-Htt>«« and governor of the fort of 
Savlmxik fWiKTllROi', HUtory >•/ Srit £»$- 
land, \. :iOtl). 

Letters writipn by him durinir his roeidpncc 
in America arr printMl in tlu.' ' Maxsnchum'ttH 
HlBtoripal Oollwtions,' iv. fi. 3fiS, t. I, 'J2;i, 
fiod inlhe publicatiocB of the Prince Sociely, 
'Hutchin«on Faper8,'i. VM. At lIv'mit^tinK 
of th« wmmiMlonera of the united colnuieH 
in ItUS, Fenvick, aa ageat nf the patpnt«r«-<i, 
WM one of the two reprcscntatiTPs of Con- 
necticut (TBPMHirjx, FuHk Jirrt^nft 0/ fh« 
Othny of Connectirut, i. !WV On 6 ])«c. 
1644 Iv sold tliu fort at Saybrooli and its 
appnrt«nanci^t to th>^ colony of (\iniii-«ticiit, 
pledffisK bimxelf at the muid lime thftt all 
th<* lHiiil«Tn>-ntinn(><l in tli^patimt iihoiild fnll 
under iho juriAiliclion nf Cnnnecticnl. if it 
came intn hm ]iow«>r. The non-fulfilment of 
thiin promiiiC led to numcrons di$pntrs, nnd 
in lO't? the colony ivfused to give hiB heir* 
poASfjution of hit eAtatc untO tbay paid 
boot, fur nou-fultilmviit of tli<? agrwmont 
and nivi- on iK-rjiiitiance of all claimn (CVm- 
fI«r/lcu*i?«^>rrf*.i. U9,266,660,684>. Fen- 
wick n^runi<>«l to En|;land in 104&. W'hil« 
liriiif^at tNtvhronk he loit hia flntt: wife ; her 
monumfnt \a said to bo still extant there 
(WixTHnnp, i. 5 306>. 

On I'D CVt. 1045 Fi^nwick wm elected to 
the Long pHrliamftit as member for Morpeth. 
During [Ik' ist-rond civil war ht< cummanded a 
regiment of norlheru miUtia, look [lart in the 



that place, ajiparuntly ai firot ae dvputr fot 
A.ila»\eTiff\M'H/rrtifflntrlliff'nrfr,'i-\'Ji 



drfMit of Sir Richard Tempest by Lanilu'n, 
rcliftvcd llolv I»land,i>nd cvcapturcd F.:rifi«M 
C«tle(ittiBHwoirtn,vii.n77.12&3). Ontl ' 
aurrendcr of IWrwif k be became f!p)ri<ruur 1 

for8ii 
01. 
1548). Feuwick waA app<iiDt«d on*' of th 
commiMiiiiii^n for ihv trial of ilu> kini;, buM 
did not act (N*mo», Triato/ CSfc<7r/cj /, p. .1). 
In lli-'iO he took part in CnMnwoll's inrofipn 
of Scoltnnd.wRjt madeci' ' 'i and 

Kdinbiirt;liCaJilleinI>f-< ' <<X)k 

Hume CiMtle in Febnmrv r. ' ■ 

PfMfii-UA, Nos. ai. V). lU' V 
the eighi commisni'^ner* apj- 
govrmnicnt of JScotland in Ifi-combcr iKAlj 
{Oi'i I^rltamrntary Hiftoiy, xx- MV la' 
the two parliam^ntii of Uihi and l&M he 
rvpreeanted Itvrwick, and wnt one of the^ 
m«^mbers excluded from llui ovond of tlu 
parliamenta ( Wiiitkluckh, iv, J0O, ed. ' 
Tnrw-oE, v. 4oS). According to his mom, 
nunt in the pariah church of Berwick, Fer 
wick died on 15 March ]6o6-7, and ibis 1 
confirmed by the fact that a new writ fo 
Kcrwick wu moved on 'iH Slnrch 1(1." (Scoi 
J{ut. 0/ SrriaeJi. l^^H, p. 215; Itetum 
Mrmftert of ParOmnirnt, pt. i. p. 605j. Hi: 
will, cijrned H M«n:h Itf.Vl-?, ts prinled ii 
the 'Piiblic Recordaof roiineciicut' (i. 
574). Insomijaccoiiniii FiMiwtrk \* dnnfu;! 
with I.ifiatPnam-cnlonelRogerFpnwJrk, who 
■Ktkg killed in the b«ttle of Dunkirk, 4 Jni 
1(W.S \MfrcuriuA /Wj7i>w-i..1-10 Jnnijt liMf 
Fenwick was twice uiorrii;d: finst, to Alic 
daughter of tiir Edward .\mlcr of Thake 
ham.SusMX, and widow of Sir John UotWei 
of Teuton, Keat (he died '2 Aug. UK«) 
(Hastbd, Kfitt, ii. £91 ; TlEiiitY, Siuf4 
(trnratDgi^, p. IGO) ; Mcondly, to Cathcrim-,: 
eldest daughter of Sir iVrthnr Ilasierip, burn 
in 163C, who married, after (he drnth of 
Ffnwirk, Colonf I Philip ItnbinRdxi, and dtv 
in 1070 (IIuOcMN, l^orlkiimftertimil, l(. 
346). 

[Pedigree of the Fenwieks oT BriokLam ial 
noilRcun'a NorthuiDberland. ii. ii. WH; Rutum 
of Nanus of Merabors elcetnl to mm in Partia- 
ment, 1878. pt. i. ; SaraA«^ Diet, of New Kn 
land, toL ii.] C. H, F." 

FENWICK. Tff^ Caldwell, Jni 
(m-iS-ifi?!!), Jesuit, was born in lUi^ in tha 
i^ount jorilurliam.of pmte<i(anl pnrcnis, whti 
di^Dwiiod him wh<'n on amviiiji; at miitut 
K0n lin embnuvd the Roman <"«thoU- faith 
He made hia humanity ttiidliw in tin* (Col- 
lege at Hi. (>m>T: wiut M'int to l.>iA^ f'urhil 
theolof^; and enlerpd the So*-i«T of Se*t 
at W«tt"n on 28 8<tpt- MVM. Uavintforo- 
plet«d hia studiea, he voa ordAinei] prieat,! 



Fen wick 



S»9 



Fen wick 




■kill 









and eixml •ei'enJ jenre, from ItStL', ae pro- 
curator OT agent at the calK-gi' of St. Otni^r. 
He wiui mftdv a profeeeed TatLi-r in 167^, and 
va« Mfiit 1^ Rngiaiid the nanio year. He Te~ 
j6«d in T<>indnii as procurator of St. Omvra 
~ ill«gi', and wnn nlao nni> iif lilt) miMiunnry 

then in the motropolifi, Inthefounh rmr 
hia ministcrinl labours Iii* was ■unini'iiifd, 
tliff informHiir>n ofTitiut {)at'>ji, tn npwar 

>fon^ the prirj- council, and commitled lc> 
Newgale, While in priium lii- ciifTi-n-cl «o 
murh from hi» chains anil bolM, that once it 
wu under deliberation whether one of his 
le^ fthoiild not. be nrnpiirated. AStt>r a long 
^COufiiK'nienl Uu was iried for lii^h treason 

ith Father [retand, but a« tti4> evidence was 
ilficient, bv was n-inauJ'-d back to prJM^n. 
He waa arraigned a tuvnnd time at the Old 
li^ley on IS June 1679. bfO'iu all tbp judtrv* 
of Ktiglfttid. ti^-thr-r witli four other Jesuit 
fathers. Ontns and Dugdale wore witnetuws 
agninet them, and in nccordancti with lli« 
direction of Ix>rd-fhief-jwi'ti4!e ScroggB the 
jur^found theprisoDeraKuiltj'. TbeyeuSt'rvd 
deith at Tvbum on "20 June 1679. JVn- 
wieli'ii romaisa vivrv buried in the churchyard 
of St. Gilea-in-the-Wlds. 

Ao MCAiint of tho trial and condemnation 
oftfan Ova jeauitM ' for High Tn-iiKon, in coii- 
Bpninff the Death of thi; King, the Subvvi^ 
nan Ol tbn Oorcrnmtint ami I'roU-Klaiit lie~ 

inn,'waanubliB]ied by authority at London, 

rS, fol. 

A ponraitrif Fcnwick engraved bv Martin 
BoucQO at .\niwerp ie inserted in Jlatthii* 
Tftnni>r'»' Rrevis Uolntiofi-liciit Agonw (\afm 
pro r«ligi»ne (.'acholioa glortoae feubierunt 
aliquot a 8aci>rtate Jeau Sii«L>rilotc«,' I'ragiiP, 
1688. A photogroph of the print is in 
Polay'* 'Koct-rds. Venwiclc i« al»o repre- 

nlM in the print of Titns (^tat^ in the 
lillorv. 



{Cha11'>D«r'iUi<<8iqQiirvrriMii.(i;43),ii. 3S0: 
idd'a Charoli Elixt. iii. 3i6 : I'loruH Ani 



I 109 



Dodd'a Charoli Elixt. iii. 3i6 : l-loruH An^ln- 
Barariruii, p, 168 : K«U/i" IWord«, t. 214, rii. 
109: Oiltow'i Bibl. Dict.i. 149. 373; (Inntrr'* 
Kug. Mint, or R(«Und. Sifa rd. r. 03 : Hvvell'ii 
ttt Trinln, rii. 311; KoMer's Marlyrer umi 
Btkannnr dsr OoaelliK^iaft J»u in EiisUnd, p. 
381 ; Olinr'j JmvIi Colleotiona. p. 90.] T. C. 

PENWICKorFENWTCKE,SmJOIIN 

67I'-I(jr>6f), politician, was the aon of Sr 
I'illiam Funwickv of Walliiigton. Nnrth- 
intn'rlHiid, by Once, daught<-r of Sir John 
'tirstiT of RddereConu in tlio raniu county. 
'rom bin fathnr and inatwntnl grandfather hn 
rived exteiiiuTeeBlateain North umbiirtand, 
which ha add«d oonaidvmhly by purchaae. 
bfl.i il- v.,-.mn>«nd of TSnieuinut.h Oiatle 
r the £arl of Nortbum- 
-^_i.j . ]'.Mfc»Mino*ltihTity, Hit 



infiueooB m North umbvrland wa« immonM, 
and apwars to have been miser upuluuidy 
used. jIo i» couuK'd with Lord Howard of 
Walden as one of ' the great lhti;v<-)> of tha 
county,' in a Utter of AVilUani Morton to 
Winwood in 1017 (CW. fifnf, Pnfii-r; l>oin. 
l61U18,ppp.368,466). llerepnwntedNorth- 
iiinbnrland in tbtt Short pnrUamcnt of It{:;3- 
1(124, and in erpry aucc««ditig iMtrlinment 
don-n to and inctueiveofth^ LangparlMunont. 
In Ui2(i !»<• bought the title of baronet (lA. 
1(128-9, p. 1S7). Tn Novmber ItWS h(- waa 
placed on n apeeial commi»aion »j>poiuted for 
thit purpoAc of nutting down crimes of vio- 
lence in the bonJcr riintricls (lA. IfiSTi, p. ijlO). 
lie was a deputy- lieu tenant of NorthnnilH-r- 
Und, and in tlinl capacity diEplayed aiiub 
energy in (mistering I'oriN's for tlin king, that 
on f .Slarch 1130-10 he was appointed inU9- 
ter-ma.iter-nenintl of fh* annv (ih. 1688-9, 
pu. 310. 437, l(»l)-10, p. r>m' H« WM ons 
o* the mrniber» excluded from the House of 
CommonR for d('-«erting tb« cauRc of th« par- 
liameot and adhering to the king, on 22 Jan. 
16-13 4 {Cumm.Joum.'ui.S7i; RiTHnwoBTif, 
Hut. CtfH. V. 57.'.). 1» UiiWJiabep IfiU ho 
wan taken prisoner by the parliameDlarian 
fnrcfS betwoun Banbury and Northam]>ton 
(\Vi(rrSLoc-KK,Afein.p.li!l). Hi-i<uliw!(|iu-ntly 
mode hia peace with the parliament, was ap- 
(wiulod liitfh wlutriirof Northtiroberland, w»» 
readmitted to the HouM of ('ommons on 
26 Jane l^\ and waa a member of the com- 
miiuionforthoconik'TTAtion of p»ac« between 
England and Scot land appoinltxl in the mme 
vcar {T/turlor State I\iper», i. 79: t'lmtm, 
'Jwm. iv. fit^). Hi' died about 16.')8. F«n- 
wicke married twice. Hi* fiml wife »a> Ca- 
therine, danghter of Sir Italph Siin^r^by of 
Scrivvii in thv West Hiding of Yorkshire, by 
whom he bad onn aon (John, who kitvchI in 
the royal armv aa a colonel of dragoons, and 
wn-i killed at MarMnn Moor on 3 Jiilr 1044) 
and two daughter^). HLi s^v^nnd wife waa 
flrace, lUufihtwr of ITiomaa I.orain of Kirk- 
Hiirlc,Northumb<'rland,liywhom hohndtwo 
■oDB ( William and Allan) and one daughter, 
Grace, lliasucccaeor, Sir Willtam.wa^ lather 
of Sir John Feiiwick (Utl6:''-10!»7) [q. v.J 

[Burko'*Ei(ti(KtBar<niPtagD;Ho)lg>otr*\ortli* 
vnbwlaod, pC >i. t. %it; Bill'* I^njrton 318.] 

J. U. It. 

PENWICK, Sir JOHN (IftlftP 1097), 
conspirator, n-ea de»o(.>nded from an old Nonh- 
umbitrtand family, iht^ earlii>at of hia ancc** 
ton of whom there is mantion hnng itoh«rt 
de FeBwi«, who in the lOtb of Heiir*' III 
waa poMtaaed of Kenwic Towio-, Northum- 
berland ( I'edigrea in Hill, UUton/ of Ijaug- 
ton, p. Jl^). U« was tha cldoft Aon ud 



•enwid 



330 



Fenvvick 



aeoofid ohiU of Sir '\^'UU«In Fenwick or Fen- 
TrickvorWnlliofftoiil'iuttlH.MKlUiw.tUugli- 
t«r of th« Hnn. Mr, Sujileton of Iligball, 
Yofkehire. In Builtwa-hxtinct B«ron«l«(fe 
ix is DnoniioiMd •soonp th« ' eptenrlid tniiia' 
of Fifiiwick'a cbarsctar, tiiax met tbe frre«t 
fire in Loodon he built Ibc hall in OiriM'K 
HoApital ; but, accvtliiior to iht ' Brief Hi»- 
to«7 of Chriat's Hot iiital' (5tli wl, p. 35), the 
pef*on wlio Itnilt it vras >SIr Jolin Frcdoriclt, 
wlio wn^ irovvriior in 1002. Fmiwiek at an 
earlv j«riod tinterwd the army ; in Iti7fl be 
bacune doIdouI of foul, io IddT coloael of 
iIm 3rd gturdA, uul in 1688 naior^niral. 
Iffi ma returoed member of parliuneot for 
NorthumbM'UDd in room of his father d^ 
eeatpi, IftMareh 1676-7 {liftvmo/MMabfrt 
Iff I'lirlimnent, i. hfM), and ibe laet occaxion 
00 Trhich he was returOMi vas '2 April 108d 
(lA. p. n^M). As h« wu> at this tiui« on« of 
thfi moat aeTol«d Buroortera of th« policy of 
Ja^ll^8 II, his cflDdtonturo atirtctoa aiwcbl 
att^nlifin, and his triumph wait celebrated in 
Nevrrastlft vith TnanifeirtatinnA of rmoirrin^r 
' which t>xcitwliiit<'nst in I/jndon, anil which 
wfTi! thfiuffht not unworthy of Wiiiir nifn- 
tione<l in diepatcbcs of foreign miuiitcrB ' 
(MiCAPtiT, Iluf.of Knfffmuf). It waa Fen- 
vick who, in \6^'}, brought op the bill of 
attaindt-ragninat thcI>iikcof Moiunoiitb. It 
is^a)dthJlt^Vnwick,whill•8«^^-iugiuUolluIld, 
had be«n aevercly reprimanded by W'illiAm 
of Omogo, and ihiit this waa tho cause of 
Ida suljMquent auiuoaitv against the prince. 
After Wulism'fl acceeaion he remained tn 
CnRln^nd nnd bMAme nno of the most ["'r- 
sixtont nf th*" plotters aj^inat his ihmne, but 
his ctirious combination of imprudent trald- 
neea in ahowtng' illwill with ntol want of 
iTSoUicton made him leaa danmroua than 
many persotLS of much 1ms in^uencv, In 
March J 688-9 be was in tho noM h of Knpland 
fomvniintr diftturbanccA (Litttb&ll, Jiiurti, i. 
fiOO). Shortly afterwards ho was arrested, 
■ndoii I3Mav lOt^couiuiitCi^d toihuTowvr 
(£6. p. 632), but oil 2H Oct. be rwcived hia 
aiacbargi?. Io 1601 . duriti;; iharuverfice of tbv 
■rma of Wilhaiii on Lhi- ronlinent, ihf hnjH-s 
of Fiaiwick and hia awDciates became eo elated 
Uial tbey bcoan to aaaiime swafrcnrin); aim 
in lTydf> Park. Onp n^^niifi which they fnv 
quifineil bt^onme known ns rho Jacobite wn)k. 
FeiTwick was rude to Qiiccn Mary, acflording 
In onu veralon venturing Io cock his hat in 
her fHcejirhile other venionH add details im- 
ply in); »t on mora markt>d imptrrttnencc (»v%- 
thf authonlieH quoLe<l in Macaclav, SUiit. 
<if Kngland). Oraenware given to shut the 
Itatwi neainsl. him and bis as«oci»l«^ On 
9 July 1691! be ■vta declaiwd to have been 
guilty of aisdeiDeaaor for hU ebara in a 



Jaeolute riot in Dninr Lone (Lv 
iti. 49»). AcoordiRd in a «tntvro<«t 
to rtumet by I^iidy F^-nwirk at Sir 
requeet, Fenwick frustrated ■ pJot fi 
liamV AMaMination in ItiM bv thr*a1 
to divuljje it ( Bprmbt, Oten Tme, vd. 
p. 0121, hut in all probability tho rvMon 
Ibtt plot miicarried wru tliac thn king 
unexpectedly for Flanden. Ai hv waa priry 
to that plot, there is the more reefou to snapMl 
that hs waa fully cognicant of all tbvd«itaiU 
of the aBsaaMniLiinn pld nf Ihn foUciwi 
syting. in which Sir Georip Barclay [q. 
and KobiTt Chamock [9.V-J had thf prind 
practical share. In f liv cqRuni«.'>')on Mnl fro 
Fmnce FenuHck was named mnjor-ffene: 
of th** trfio]» to ho mided for King JauM 
his arrival from Francfl (W'lisov. Mr-moriaU 
o/thfI>vkffffBmieii,\.\'A\\. Uercmainad 
in hidiof; ualil oflvr tbe triaU of cbe otbor 
conspirators, and, knowing from tbeaa 
that theivwere only two wilaeeBH, ~ 
and Goodman, wbo>M> cTid^-ncw aemi 
waa to be fi^ttred, ha determin«l to bribe 
Io Inave the country. Tliis was t bf> finA 
a aeriea of falK sti^. I'orler «l 
listen until be had secured the hribo ._ ^ 
hundred guineas oR^«d him. but took < 
to arrange with tbe authorities for iho a; 

Iirchcnsion of the affent Hiup!o\ed tii brt' 
dm. Thus Fmwic^e Biicm)it artually 
ibewitneM to votuntr«r information to I 
authorities, and a bill of indir-tmtnit 
found against him ot tbe next »<K«ioiix uf tl 
city of London. I'Vnwick therefore n^eolv 
to fl'* the couDtry, but on V'- •■ " t 
south coft.Ht of Kent he was 1 
countered by a mesaenger in ..— ■ . 
smngglers. He waa on hot«ebBCl>, aod on 
being recognijKd dashed p*ft, pistol in ban< 
and was BOOD out of sight, but on i3June~ 
was arrested in bed. According to Lutt 
(ir, 72) and a coulemporary letter pub" ' 
in ' Not« and (Juerie*,' L'nd »er. i. (!f*, hf- 
cnpturudat New KomacT,hiil nroirdiug tJi 
note hy William llraT loYlvvlyn'd • iJiari,' tli 
arrvst took place in a hnujsp hy the side of i" 
road from Ojvnt Rnokbam to Stokp \>' .\ 
non. nearSIvfield Still. Short It aAcr his ar>- 
rejit hn wrote s note to his wife in which he 

Entctirally ndmitlod that the cvidi'T' 
im was ovenrhelniing, and ih 
could save him except a free mrdnt. % , 
in iVocw/tM<74 at his I rial). Tue nolf was tn- 
If^reepled. nnd when, on Winf; brT>U|;ht hrfo 
ihu IciHi* ju*tic(tN. he boldiv ii.<w>ni'd his i 
nocence, it wa* xhown Io liim. Ilr imm 
ately ofl'fred, oneonditionof jjordon, to 
n couiplnt«i rvvelntion of all th»r I 
of the Jaeohite cnni>pinit;i^e. 
instructed Dovon&bir*? to 0' 




Fen wick 



331 



Fenwicke 



^- 

u 

ac 



confftwiw), bat deelinrd to iilertiw himMlf 
to fftntil amnion until lie saw the nature 
of Fenwirk a r«v(rlalion«. F«nwick naw r^ 
aolvcd only lo rovuil us uucb u would ini- 
plirjUe Ilia pn]iti<;al eiwmiM. Hia nc^odled 
cnnfessioDwnsalmaetoritM-iritafBciMiltoHcal 
bis f»t<<. It «up|tlii^l rto infornutlKin wbiit* 
eT^TlnrrfercnofitothoJawiHitf plotAinwhi^'h 
lie h&d Iiimeolf been g]K>ciBlly enifBgi'd. but 
"WIS wbolly onfinr*!! to Arrumlionit ttpnitiKt 
eouM of U>e tnori^ prominpni memberB of tlia 
whig P»rty, enpeciallv Mnrlbiiroudb, Godol- 
'lin, KiisaHI, and Sfirrwsbiinr, The a«ti- 
lioos bxl the merit of being subsCantiallj' 
truf, ami were not only "iilKcicntly unplce- 
einl *•} nil whom ihi-y imiilicnlvd, but cuuevd 
a diRDiny from which SIirevrBbury never fully 
recorcred, wbLlu UudolpLiii bucuae ao un- 
>]iubir Ibat hti wiiK <-<<m|wlliil In n»gn. 
lid (biTP been no Iruiti in Funwick's afle- 
Ijations.ibe king would havp li^i-n IraS indiu- 
BAol tluiii he profpwyl lo bo at tho 'fellnw'w 
iffronleTy.' lie direct<Kl Ibe confe»ion to 
Mnt to the lonjf^ jtixtici^^ cxpny^infir nt 
If same time his a«tonij4iin<>iU and incrc- 
ulity, and gnve orden ihat Fenwit-k «boutd 
iMJBt immodint^lTbornriwijury. Tliuwhipi, 
wp-vrr, dfttum! it advisable thai tbe mal- 
T Bhould be biwiijtbt under thn notice of 
rliamcnl, but bcforu doint; «> tliry ndvtx(<d 
at F^nwiek should he. bronjtht for ftami- 
t ion before the king. The IrinRwithpx- 
>mi>iT!ucti«nct"coni!«n((-d,ftndl'V'nwiol(now 
becaxu4< bold. Hv d«liiied to modify bis 
!bmier statement i<itb»r by withdrawing hia 
coentiona or by nvvatiti^ uiuttnr* in xv-liicb 
khiUKlf bad bwn nirsnnally ctinc<?rnwl. 
h'- I Ivnifusi'd to mako nny further 

U't' It iiioro iini(;toct>nifid«r, tbc 

ijt hiLiiiLv .iini: 'Be it jio, ! will neitlmr 
hear ynu nor hear from yon any morv.' Fen- 
wirk hfid ■uiTr^di-d in ct'tlinE rid nf Dufwl- 
nan, ihi- principal wi|nrt-u> u^ainxt bini, and 
M pmtMibly pnconrajpjd bv Ibp rnmourB of 
e niaii*n dinti>pL«r(kn(N>. Wh.in broa|;)it to 
<• hnrof the IIoum* of(.'orani>onR he was at ill 
'tinat<',and it was moved and cam«d witli- 
I a diviniim ilial hi» coufonion wn« falw 
acandalouA. )lany ueinbaii then lefl 
e lutus«,atippwin(> tho btLilnvM to b« oyer. 
motion, bowi-viT, wa« mudA to bring in a 
ill of altaindHf, nnd rarried by 179 to 61, 
!ui mi 1 1)11 tj IIP!) I prr>ri?'.HliMc* in conwctirin 
"th tbo nttiundf-r r&iHi-d iirotrnrIi:*d and ox- 
' it.'s. Tb)' niiiiunty increiLbed con- 
• tb<'dcbiit''«proC'*dc*l. but tho bill 
a» nmmy rarrivd in the I lou-^' of Common* 
189 to Kill, ai)il in the lIouM of Lorda 
f» to 'il. Whil^ lbi> iruilt of Fenwick 
WB« iminiily ci-rlatn, and ww aHKTHViil<'<) by 
MibM^lunni diaingetiuous coDdtici, it cmb 




soarrHyb';allinnedtbatthcpmo«lurcaf^ins( 
himwaajui>t46able,aa regunis t-iihcr tb« tri- 
bunal by which he was tried, or the manner 
in which tbtr trial wua eondticlixl. la fact 
his attainder wax decided on to render eacapo 
impoKsible, and for the same reaMtn the law 
' re^uirin); the evidpnc*) of two witnmwa ia 
I c»seK of CTPAson was di^nspd with, and the 
I indirect evidence of Goodman was also ad- 
mitti-(i in rinlfltion of the u^iinl mfrfhoda of 
procedure. Sniallndf;^.afl4>rwardi( biabop of 
Brislol, wrote to Waller Oongb, 29 Nov. 
lOOA: ' I do not find many conoemcd for hia 
])eraon ; the course of bi9 life baa been aueb, 
and the management of the part ho bad now 
to act »o bod, that he baa tevr fricnda ; but 
the metbml of puniabing bim being out of 
tbu common road, and such sa has not buen 
often UHisd, and, when it has. Ix-ni cnndi'iniiwl 
1^ tboee wbo have jud^nd coolly, is what 
aorao nrprtartled al ' (NuMoi-", ///«*/ cw/iotw 
0/ lAttratvr*, iii. 2fi.H-ri>. Ubilo rhft bill of 
attainder was before the lords, JJonmouih, 
aftrrwanlA earl of P«>torborougb, who 'at ono 
time thought hinwelf naniM iu Sir John Fen- 
wick's paper' (Vernon toLexiiij^on, L*4 Nov. 
1046, liMififfton PaiuTS, p. -37 j, bul Ifamed 
from the Ouc-linKof Norfolk Ihu exa«:t info^ 
motion poaseiwed by Fenwick, adviscKl him, 
)nvnuM-'h«>likcv] Ibuaccueativnao w<-ll'(i'A.), 
boldly to cballonge inquiry into ths (ruth of 
hii>al)F(3iionR iigainst the wbic leaden; bat 
FMiwirk i»hrank from (;ndniifi«r)ng himif If by 
adopting Monmouth's advice, though hiscon- 
rictton, if ho did not adopt it, was morally 
oeriaiu. MooDioutb, wheu hia advice waa 
scouted, became one of the moat vehement 
against Fenwick. Fcnwiok's wife, l^dy Mary, 
uacd avorycfloft uiiavoborhusbaudV lifu^ 

Ktitioning both the kinff ami the llou«e of 
irrls.but Fcnwick'emaudnilneas in putting 
forwanl ihf |'l«<n that hphadba.vn privv to an 
aBsnS!iinal inn plot in I'lUV.atuI hatlfruflrali'd 
it, iinly sfr\ii! to prove how deeply he was 
in the (Mnfid<.'ncf of the CMUipiralon agaiiMt 
William's throne. Fenwick, when no hope 
was left, dcsiird the scr\'iceH of one of the 
deprived bi«bo|i«,a favourwhich Ik' obtained 
through the court mua help of Uiabop Iturnot. 
lie waj beheaded on Tower Ilill on 2t} Jan. 
\&M-7. Owing to bin i-onniN-tion with aa 
many noUe families, and jioesibly also lo the 
fact that ho had been pmorad#Kl against by 
nlinindrr, the fomtatitiefl rmployod at bia 
execution were similar to tboee used in the 
e*»i} nf a pc«f of th^ realm. Bumnt sUU-« 
thai be 'died very compoMid, in a much 
belter teni]K>r thou was \a be expected, for 
his )if'> had been very irregular'(OHi> 7¥me. 
i-d. 1HS8. p. tt»7>. He delivered a aaiOwI 
junper to the sliprifls, in which he oamoMaMd 



■^~— " 



Fenwicke 



M» 



Fenwicke 



on tilt; iojuvlicQ ot the pNcedare bj which 

hifl loyalty to King Jun«s and to bis legiti- 

nut4! succeMon. Fenwick'e renuuiu were 
pUced by his friend> id ■ rich coffin, and 
lmri«d on Ibe evMiiiig of hia i-xi«cutinn by 
torchlii^ht undof th« parenent of the churen 
of Si. Mnrtin-iD-tli(>-Fielda, irb«TP they li« 
near the altar. By his wifi> hadv Maiy, 
•tdoat daii^htvr of Charles Howard, narl of 
Culialv, be had tine (Uiit;ht«r and throe 
MMU. The aons all dit^d bt- f»r« manhood, and 
warn buiied in St. Martin's Cburch. IIU 
wife died 37 Oct. 1708, and yna buried in 
York Cathedral, where she had cBU§ed a 
nofiuiDrnt to bo orocted to her husbaud. 
Uy B curiom coiacidunca it wie by falling 
from a horso naniM) Sorrel, formt-rly b-lmig- 
ing lo ^ir JuLn Fenwick. that Kiiiir William 
lost his lifi!(a f/slin oonnet omSir John I-Vn- 
wich and his Borrel ponv wa? printed in the 
' Unimsal Mai;.' 17wl.xlii. l^:),Hnd re]>rinl«d 
in'Nor^aandQncriWi'Sndwr. is. 4^1. There 
ifi 8 portrait of I^iidy Mary Fvuwiek, bv Sir 
V'-ttji Ia'Iv, with a mimature of Sir iJohn 
FoDwicic, at (.'n«tli< Howard, the seat of iho 
£aTl of Carliftli^, wbeT>4 alito the library of 
F«Dwick i« prcsencd. In the Harfeian' Mis- 
cellany,' vol. i., tlion) WM published as the 
rampastlion of Sir John Fonwick, '(^ontcm- 
ptiittoiiit upon Life and Iteaili,' by a 'peraon 
of (^nolily,' buT- in reality the work was ihe 
translation of a coaipoBttioii by l*hili|i da 
Mom«y, lord of Pleeais. 

[Lo N«\-e's HonumeotA ; Bnrice'i Extinct 
11aroii«t«K9 i CanlSdd's Pannils. i. l»-H; 
LuttrelVfl Diary ; OammaB^JaanuU: Tba Pn>- 
CMdings nfminnt. Hir John Faowidc. twrt., with 
m iMlor <jf i^ir Jgbn Fimvick to his livly apon 
Iwlng taken in Kent, as also of tho Pjipor il«- 
liTcred l>r liim to tli« KliorifTs «l h<s exwoiion, 
16ft8. raprihwd in Slate TriaU. aiii. 637-78R. 
and in Par]iam<-ntnry Ilislorr. v. ^6-llM; 
Tho Arf^mcnta niHid t>ra and ci>n upon tho At- 
tainder of .Sir .1'tlm Fimwiok, iu a Lftter to a 
Frioad, L«lidoii, 1733; A Kutl Answer. pAraftrapb 
to pftrngrftph, to Sir Jnho Fenwick'n I'npar pivwi 
to the Sheriff*, 2S Jun. 1604-7. at tli- Place of 
KsecutipD on Tower Hill, by a Tni» Son nf the 
Ohiio-h of EaghiTid, 1607 ; A Letter tn ■ Friend 
in VindicKtirin of the I*n>c«edIiiEi» affniitEt Sir 
Jobn Fenwick. 1«&7; Eduiuid ^lamyV Ljfe; 
Ooxe's Shrcwsbnij Ouiespoitdcace ; I^ninttton 
PapMi; Blacpfaerson's Onginal IVpors: Hill'i 
Biitoryaf Laneton ; Distance of liiOiopKi^iMfttt 
IfaennlAT.andKlopp. I'sptrrsniUtiiiitCu tlmtrisl 
which add notliini; to ttio prinli-d imfornintion nrv 
in Brit. Mu». Adj. MS. 33.2il.j T. F. II, 

FENWTCKE, GEOUGE, B.D. <ia90- 
1700), divine, horn in }<t9(), wa« r<liiciit«4l at 
St. John> Cwllt'in', CsmbridfTC of which he 
WM elected a fellow, iUMardil7ia Ue re- 



ngnad hi^ frllowship in Marah 172J, and wm 
pTPwnied to thf- nvt-iryof Ilallaton, Lfu-n- 
tervhire, which be held unltl bid deatli in 
I7tW.aj>i!riodof thirty-*ight TL-ar* 51..^- 
coudition of holding certain land ! 
mAny years pri>Ttouitly to the rt-i : 
to coDtribuic evpry rjmti-r Monday to 
edificatioti and (^itirlHinnifDl of the p^f 
a «»trmon, two Iiare-piM, a quantity of i ' 
and Iwudoivn penny lo«ri». Thepm*-ii«in 
after divine aervice and a wrnifin, were rs 
ricd in prooeasion to a miunil called ' Hi 

Ilia!* Ilank,' thrown tnloa hol«-,and scraniblt 
or by the men, womi^n, and children 
bled, miisintt no lillle disorder and suiat 
dantAgt>io thHcnmpctitOTV CSiCBOis, Leiift*- 
/crtAiVr,vol. ii.pl.ii.p.fiOtl). Am>thvrbi.<({Ui;»l 
ofSOO^from Mm. Piirker.awidow, iherMrlOf 
expended in pivviding n houiu fur thnt- 
women or poor men of the parii>b. F« 
wivke publivhi-d a riiutalion Bertunn in 173 
one on tlie small-{KiK in 17.17, and two i 
surmoos in 1734. Hewaa uImi the authori 

1. ' Thw Frii-ndlv Monitor fur Itich and Poor.' 

2. 'nelpforihpfiinrerein Plain Alirditj 
13mo, London, 1737. 'A. 'Thotiirhl* 
Hehrpw Titles of tht P»a]m)t," l»ml 
1749; new edition, l^ino, It^&. 4. ^Tha 
IValter in it« Uri^nal Form,' 8vo, 1 75!). In 
Darhn|(*g 'CyclupiDdia Hiblin;;ruphia' Fe 
wieke is styled 'a Hut<'btu><"nian divii 
Ho dti>d 10 April 17fiO, nccmlinj* to the 
■criplion oil a mitral tnblnt whi<^h ta plat 
oiitaide the church against the north wall i 
the cliancri. 

pitebuls's I^ii'nBlfmhin-.rr' ' , , "l( 

606; \Vtti(*» Bibl. liril.; D»l 
BibliotmphicA ; lUbi-r'.H Hint^ <.i . 
Ifgft, f»rnljndi:v, i. 302. SOS.) B. U. 

FENWICKE. JOHN (if. 1658), narlii 
incnlarinn,wajiori(iiiiallvntmih^iniinoiNVi 
ca*li>.--<jn-Tvne.but having proved hinwe.lf | 
perafin wt-ll alTi-riM lo the |>srUnmeni,' 
rewarded with the mastemhip of S!iirt,.,r 
Hospital on SOSept. IttU. lien, 
holdacommandin thepariiameni.. < 
Bndro«etotherankoflit>iit<'nant-cilonel.i 
Mnt to Ireland in 1 64tt, and there, on -H Mi 
UVC^ninedo si^al victory ovM the n.WU] 
the neighbour hood of THm, eo. Mcalli. C 
2Juiy fuiX>tbema«ter«hipofSherU>meHo 
pital was, bv vote of the Hoijn' of Tommt 
settled ou him fur life, and on bi^ ?nn n 
bin). 11m dli^l of <rvoundi> reoi-iTi.>d in 
bsttle nf the Dunes in J im« I fiSx ' 
J.,urn. iti. (M'>, iv.fllS, vi 4*j; 'J 
/to/)eni,iii. 17fi; CfiX,lIUl.cf Irrl.,-! . „. , 
MArKi:xzii!, Dnrhim, ii, 310), 

lie watt the author of: I. A tracl, 
tlie ijiiaint title, 'Christ ruliiij; in the mil] 
of hu EncmieMt or somii bnt-JTuOa vt 



Feologeld 



333 



Ferg 



Jhnrcli'e dvlivennoo bniUing forth out of the 
)h.>ui« ftud SoHeringa, and some remarkablu 
liTeruicm of a twentio Tean's HuRt^rer, 
lld now B Souliltpr vi Jt^u« Uhrii-t,' 1G43, 
printed \Ai6. '2. ' A gTen.t Vietorie agsitut 
. le Rebel? iu Irvlsni] n«iT Trim oa 24 May 
1647, bj Coinwl >Vnwiclte'« Fnrces.' 

(,LowiuJM'sBibU<>j[nplier'jtUiiBU(i1(Boha),it'. 
App. p. 371.] 3. M. R. 

FGOLOOELD (d. 83L'}, arclibUhop of 
Contarburr, was abbot of a Kentifih mouiis' 
lenr in HOS. nnd wm ^Ipchnl to •iicixt^ Areb- 
btuiop Wulfrvd on '2a April 832 ; he wu coii- 
B«creted on Simdsy. !> Juni«, siul di&d on 
30 All;;, In HOtnu cnrly listft \w ippeaiH aa 
Swilbrv^, which wui perhsps a »ecoad name. 

[Ttiwldtia Asd Stubb*'* Etvle^L OiKtimcnti. 
ili. 699. 611 M.a i Komble'a Oodsx Uipl. ii. 1084 ; 
ADglo-Sszoo Chnuielh CaoMtfmnr. an. 829: 
FlonsiM of Watetattt.Wm: Hist JInL. 61ft m. 8 ; 
LiljM- (Is Antiqq. Ugg. p. SI 7 (Camd. Soa) ; WiU 
liam of HahnMbury, Qoala Fontiflcam, p. 20 
(RollaStr.l: 0«rraso,coL 1643, Tvpdm; IH- 
MUh i. 16, 135 {iiaiU Sot.)] W. H. 

FERCHAKD, Itiog* of Scolland. [Sea 

FctlU-IIAlB-] 

FERDINAND, PiriUP (1 W5 P-159ej, 
Inbriist, was bom in Folaud, of Jewuh 
uruDtd, about UWi't. In hU borhood he 
M tbo Talmud, aft«r the Jewisli bahioo, 
rithoQt j^ammnrk-al rulML Afterwards ho 
a Ktunan rattholic, and vventuatly a 
aleatant. (^jmiii^ to this country ba en- 
tha aniTcntitv <if Oxford as a poor stu* 
itt- Dr. Airnv, Or. Raiiiirldit, aiid ulhura 
btain&d for him employment in several col- 
: B8 a teacher of Hebrew. Ha was duly 
it«re«l among (be Oxford «tiid«nl», after 
_' had takon ihn oath of Buprcmooy and the 
_ Ilia) oath to the uniTersity. He himmdf 
Tifntimu that bo n<nd WtunMaHaiduouiilr fflr 
lusnr years gubwquputlj to Lisarrival in Kiip- 
^Tni. RomoTinir to the uniTM-sitT of Cam- 
rid^ be waji matriculated on lt( the. 1590, 
Dd probably obtained a liring by teaching' 
[ebruw. Dr. WilUam Qougo, Uiutt a acholar 
j Kinc's Ooll<^, waa one of hi« papila 
[C'l^RUE. Lints of Modem Divina, ud. 1077, 
.23tt). Mi-obtain<ilapmrt^two)xhipntL^>yd«ii 
lirouith lh(! intenwt nt Joeeph ScaU|[er, and 
M-d Oi.r, „t (lu. clcM'f' of Ifitw, Writing to 
lunn- ! ] Der, lUiK, S<^ali;ri*rUmMita 

:-'alh of tVnlinand, and saya 
< d liiA own Ilubrvw mtidiM. 
■- Un Mateo t!iat hu had learnt 
ruiu >V-iTiiniiud, wbo*i! pnictieal familiarity 
ritii the Talmud was suprifiing, many pn> 
i-bJob b" pn.[H)it«I til aiMid for inji«T- 
I io DrusJufi'B ■ CummentArium Vmharum ' 



(S<.-ALtoEKt Epitt*Um, edit. Leyden, 10S7, 
pp. "JUS, 5tH). 

Hixonly publication \i: 'Ilteo eunt rvrha 
Dei &C., Pneeepla in Monte Sinai data lu- 
dipis snnt 613, quorum 36-') ncgativa, et 34d 
nlBrmniiva, coiWla jit PbariMuum Magie- 
irum Abrohamum filium Kattanifft impresM 
in Bibliis Bonibvr^it>nHibu<, anno ji mundo 
cieato 62S8 VenAtii.*. nb .Aulbore Vox Dei 
appellata : traniUata in liiit;iiam I^tinam per 
Philippnm Ferdinandum Polunum. Cum li- 
cnntia omnium primnrioriim virorum in in- 
clyta ec ceEebenimn Cantabrigignai Acade- 
mia/ Cambridge, 1697, 4to, 

(Addit. MS. 58ti9. f. 127: Amcs^ Typogr. 
Antiq. (Herbert), p. H2S ; Coopera Atb«se 
Ontalrr. ii. 'IZXi. n49 ; Darics'ii AUikd* BriUa- 
sioe, iii. 37 ; MonUif u'a Diatribe upon tho flrst 
part 6f the lateHiatory of Titb«ti. p, 381 : Areh- 
bithop Uuhcr'« twt«n (Parr), p. 4; Wood's 
Atb«D» Oxou. (UtiM), i. 607.] T. C. 

FKREBE. or FEBIBYE, or FERKA- 
BEE, GKOUOP; (>f. 1CI3J, composer, son 
of a (iloucejJtcr»hire yeoman, woa bom about 
1573, and matneuUtcd at Uxford ^2b Oct. 
l&f«, agvd 16 (CusKj. He wasaohoriMer 
of Magdalen CoUefra until 1&9I. He -waa 
adntitted B.A. ISw, lieuased to be M.A. 
9 Jnlv 169R, and became Ticar of Rithop's 
Canning, Wiltshire. Wood relataa how 
[ Fercbe found and iii)^-iiioii»ly made use of 
nn opportunity to display his talents beforu 
Queen .\une, the consort of James I, on her 
way fruin Both, Jnne l<t13. In th« drussof 
an old bard, Ferebti, with his pupils in tha 

ffuiMB of fhepb^rds, eolertaiood the royal 
Fidy and her i>uite as they rested at Wuu- 
i dyke (or WanMlyke) with windHnatrument 
I muaic, a four-part song be^nniuf ' Shine, (> 
thou sacred Sbepherd»' star.uu silly [or eceljr] 
Bli<^i>hr<rd tiwain.4,' and an epilo)^ut^ Tbia 
quaint and L-ourliur-tike action earned Ferobe 
tRi< tilti' iif rJiiiplain to tb>* king. 

Xichol* mentions tho publication, nn 
IU June same year, of 'A Thing cat led "The 
Shepherd's Songe before Queen Annt^ in four 
parts complete musical, upon the Playnea of 
Salisbury.'" In I'llJ) appcen'd'LtfesFore- 
well, a sermon at St. John'a in tbe Deviaea 
in Wilte, :iO Aug. 1614, at the FuncnU of 
John Drew, gent., on 2 Sam. uv. 14,' 4to. 

[Wood** Fa»a, tBI4, i. 3Tfl; NicbuVa Pro- 
grssaas of Jamta I. ii. 468 ; Bk>xBm'i* Raeiiitar 
or Maodalea Collage. Oxford, i. 33 ; Oxf. UniT. 
Rw.(Oxf. Ui>t.Soc},sd.Claric.To). ii. pL ii. p. 
17l,andpt.iii.p. 171.] L, H. U. 

FERO, FRVXriS PAlft^ [FRANZ 

Di; PAULA] U««'-17U)), painter, bora io 
Vienna, 3 May 1U89, irea aan of an artist, 
Paocraz Foi^i'&on. vbom h« Modnd hia 



Pergil 



3S* 



Fergil 



Qnit iiuljuetions in ftrt. His &tber plwed 
bim un^Dt on inferior (Hunl«r of tba nuM of 
Uuchuirbi-r, wttli wlixim tie remained four 
Vfi&r&. ne rel umed Ut liia fmlhur's buuMe, mid 
bBCune k stuiluiit of tb^^tni^Tikving* of (^lot 
AadLeClere,who«epeciili&nt)<.>fiwi?reiif^at 
iiitiuoi]ceinfomiinjci)ii>Htyl<.v Ilothunitudiod 
lit Vit-nna under TlanR Onuf, a [>aiat«r of 
sniUl landscaioM with tiRur«>€, faird, &c., but 
CBore parmanpntir iincWr Ji.u».-(ib Orienl, r 
woU*ktiowiilRndscape-puat£r,in whoMbouM 
b«bvv<) for ihn« jrMrv, and often painted the 
fif[urca for him in bi« landacapM. In )71d he 
left for Vit-inuL and ArtlI<Kl for fomo jmts at 
namberfC- Mcctingwithtbolutdseap^-patnter 
AltULandpr Thivle at Loipxiff, bv wonl with 
bim lo Draaden, and worked far nomt! liiue 
with him tbun:. lie eoun caioed a ^reat n- 
piitation for xinall landncaiiu and SMt-pteona 
with figiirw, and for &tn aad peasant aocnm 
in (be atvle ':>f l-htads, B<Kehein,a]id Poalen- 
hiirff. Ttw!**! wiTfl «x<>cul«d. oft«n on coppbr, 
v.'itlj great citi» and industry, well coloured 
and exquisit«l}r finished. ripcronluBllycaino 
lo Ivindoii and mottled there. II«r>:, though 
1m fguud tiloni V ofemplaTiu«'nt , be drifted into 
depreMeacirciimManiMw, which were rcndemd 
worwby anim]irudi!iit mnrriai^R. HiMworks 
wppe no iionnfr i'X««iitpd than th*>v w«re 
harried off lo tbw pa«-ubr<.>kcT. Ono ni([ht 
in I7-U)hc was found dead in th« hIi^m, not 
far from bis lodginffs, in a coudilion of^reat 
dastitution. He wna ono »f the Artists «m- 
ulayi'd in the CheUea china manufactory. 
Hi* pictures tiTr frequently met with in pr'i- 
Yutti <?»lU'ctionK iu Knglaiid and in public 
l^llcriiMabroad,notiiblj'UrunswJck,l>rt^t?u, 
and Viwintt. A ft of iho ' Four fM^oAons' 
viu uD^rawd bv T. Major, and ulhere by 
!•'. Vivarea, J. \Vagnet, C. H. (iey»er, and 
otlture, im-lujing two plctorce ungraved in 
t.Ji« ' Ci«h*ri<- I.^;l^^lIl.' Fi*rK *!*■> "iiTiitt:^! 
Bomo olrhin^ of great merit, mosrlr land- 
aeapM of a ■mall biw with lifcuivfl nod ruinti ; 
hI»o a XargtiT plate of' Boors Caron«inf^.' in 
thi' Riyle of (made. Tliean are amou^ lh« 
Slieephank! colWtton iu th« print room ut 
tbt' Britixh Mu«<'uin. A portrait of him vtas 
vngmvvd by J. F. Bau»e. 

[DaMain[»' Vio da* Frintnti, fr. 289; Hwl. 
gnre'6 Diet, of Artist* ; Bryiin'i Diet, of Pain- 
tors and linirraTrr" ; Sagler'n Mnnoenminitti'n. 
*ol. ii. No. il)B»: J. T. Smith'n Nallnkotm nnd 
his Timoit, iL S33: Oatiiloji^nM of tJio OiUlerio* 
aC DrMdcfl, Vicann, tu.} L. C. 

FERGIL or VLItGILIUS, SviXT (rf.7*i), 

bishop (if Saltttiiru, wat aou of Moeliduin, 
n dLf CL-ndonl uf Ninll of Ihu Ninct Hoxiafies. 
Ilia ittiidii^ tra\i> biui Uin fnrvmiuit. |i1ac:<' 
nmon; the li-amed of biii aga and country'. 



Bavins attained tbo duruity of abbul 
A^babuo in tlit* Qul<«o'« t^'-ounty, h* nt 
up, and atiout 74<'i Infl In-bu. ' ?■■ 

vuit lbi> Holy Land, 'ae,c*-t 
torn of thtf piuuj) Inal) clergy . i iii 
in Frnnofr no waa honourably 

Pupin, with Whn:- 't - -:-- r ' 

at Cwflsy, iii-ar I' 

ceeded to ll^van^, .. 

Otilo, Uy wli'jni li»- Iwd bwi 
monded by IVpiu. Here ht' L.^_... 
St. Fetera at tfaliborg som* tiiae : 
doath of tho duke, which took nUn 
It waawbilv oceupyinjt ihiv \ l.al 

come into coUisioii with Si. j 
An i^ionint {iriust. bartni; m t : 
haptinBi u.'tixl till? wonla'btipttio i- 
pairia ct (ilia et apiritu sanota,' BitoiU 
cbjn-d VirKiltua U> r-.'ptiat llio bnptiani i 
projwr fiirm. \*ir^liua mointAtni'd that tl 

\ adaiini*tratiao waa raJid, and I'opi* Zocbarr 

< dMided in his fnrour. Bonifoo? oflerwajjs 
complaiuaid to tbv iio|i« ihal Vitftiiiut waa 

, sore bocauM be had abovrn him to bif in 
on thu eubjwt of 'cnthulic doctrinti:' 
tliat fa(^ bad givau out that he vi- - ' 

[ bv the pope in order to obraJn < 
tlwn vacant. Tbo t«rDi 'nbeolut u- 
to mean 'authoriMd' by ]>r. La:, i 
tb«re Menu DO ButHcieut reason I'.ir : ^ .i 
iVom the usual moasinjf. i: [ih . ■ u < ' 
senoua cbatge wad that iuhih i ''I'lr,-!". >i '1 
tAil^ht that tberi' waa anothor world, and 
oiber [)eopIe ben<iaiU tlis earth. Zachi 
rvfTKrdMd X'irgdiua'a tbMiry tut a dangttc 
t-rmr, implying a second bunum race, y 
giliua may liava durivnl bin knowlndge j 
tho early Greek asironnmcra, or more 
bably from Morcianua Capelio, ooo of ll 
Text-booka of lb* Iri»h achouU. Zsi-hary i 
Ilia reply deniea that be bad arajuitiail fit 
and onli'rg Boniface, if bia leaching is auch i 
deRcribedjto'caUacoiincil.dqtri'Vtihimofl 
priealhood, and expel him from the churol 
He also say« h*.^ intends Bumoomng htm i 
Kome, VN'het her tbusummona WH«m i 
or if sent obey<4l, wc an? not informed, 
the dvath of i^uchary and Buuifact; Virgillii 
wa.4 anpotuted bUhop of SaUburg i^j^ 
and laboured XKaloiulv U> pMTidethaiT 
with a ratbuilrul and othnr rv>li^nii«j 
blifilimente. At this time a son and : 
of Itomth, dnke n( {'orinl liio, were Iii 
Salzbuiff a« hi>.*t«^-$. and by tJicir fat( 
deatre 'kvk bapiiHL-d, uud appear lo bai 
roi>i>iTrtd instruction from Virpliua. Tti 
nvphew, Chet iuiar. «hn wii« vry pi'"i-, vrn 
tiiallvi^ucoeedfdr<< :< I 
witb)iimaii!rieNtO[ 
tliuu (liter lie rB((Ui..l. il \ .r^^jli'L- (■■ »-■,( 

t<:<rhtimt!it, and confirm blei subjectc in 



him 
I cirei 



rUltMn fMilh. llr^in^r unubli*, owinc t» i>r.ili> 
* tfoubte.H, tu IfKYe ^^ftliburg, Vircilius 
p »nd « »talT of mianooary cwrjo:, 
iKa oTtTsii^ht of Otriatliift dunn^ 
ic time of Cliclimar and hie successor, moA 
bu ililipciir euro j;ainpd iba tide of the 
e ol CanatbiA. TowanU thti end of 
\c bt' DiBiio a persotial Tiutatiuij of the 
) of hi« uidiuoary labour, in unler to 
efmdicAM the reiuaina of idolatry oud oou- 
firm the people in the faith. Ue travelled 
beyond Oarinthia and through the intorvQmag 
tcrritoTiet to Sluvonin, and on Ut tlw? coil- 
ui>D[!e of thv Draru and Danube, ile was 
v«d avuiywhwrw by tlic penplo with rc- 
■pect and estuem, but feelini; ttmt hia end 
mu approschiog he rotura^i to Solsburg, 
■nd shortly afVer died on 37 Nov. 785, after 
•n epifOopattf of thirty voan. 

In ZncliDrv's second lotl«r to Boniface he 

Hyiof Virgiliux,'! know not whether to call 

him prubyter.' Tbi^ i» an aUmtion to the 

eireunstanco ivcorded in hb lifu that ' h.v von- 

.t«d hi* iinlTi',' that iji, did iii^t imrniil it. 

hn known lluit he was a bisbon, bur was 

impaniwJ by oav wIki parfomwd vpUcopol 

iitip-di for him. Tlif name of thi4 bishop, 

Dobda^H'eciM, was understood by UwlraraiKl 

otlicr*. rvrn ni btl« as Mr. tliuldaa, to moan 

Dobda cht: Gn^-k, but it is merely the Latin 

(bnn of the name Dubb da Criocti. or Dubb of 

the Two Countries, i.u. Iruland and Gerinauy. 

Thiit ci>n<-e«lmHtit of episoopal orders wsa auo 

prncti«d afaioad by at. Uiubod [q. v.] Dr. , 

Tndd expraaias soma doubt as to wtiotlinr Uih 

pedi^fM which ({ixm hu desoent from Nisll 

Vis that of Virtjilius of ^alzbunc. but thinks 

fit nmy tx-, and itiat. the t«rm'dergaine' added 

[tolbenBinei.Htuifrrorof traiisoriplionfor'do 

ji-rri mi "!!•,' 'of Oitrmany.' The word 'dwr^ 

kgenai^,' not ' dcrnine,' oa be tiu it, is, how- 

DC vor, found nnacned to llw name both in the 

l' nook of Ijeinstcr ' and tho * I^ebar BrMC,' and 

FtbcrpfurrUr.Todd'scoaiwturvwin not stand, 

[but it is evident that Vervil of Salzburf^ is 

ttho person meant, as in both the authoriti'^s 

[tpf-iitifiiii«l hi< ia termed 'sainL' 'The Annals 

[of ih>> FiHir NListan'attlwyear'^baTe'tbtt 

]«alhrif Virgil tho OfOm«l<T abbot of Aglta- 

It ha« l)^i;n maintained tliat thi? is not 

k'irftil of Halitbiirf(, but rbera seenw no good 

[reason to d.mbt it, and th* att«mpt to prove 

olved many difficulties. Tbal 

it home aa ««U w abroad may 

:u his pedivme qipoaring in tfan 

I.WOrks EMnlionml, wliii^b would not have 

thu OUb if bis life was wholly moni 

abmod. IIi» i* anid to haw been canonised 

by Onsorr IX in 1233, but boworsr tbia 

^may \x' hi' tn, an wn Iuito swii, itntittvd 'saint' 

tlin [k'di|,-7c-e in the ■ Book of Lauutar,' 




a niai]!]B<:ript a biindrMl yeani earUer. Tba 
canoniaation referred to would therMforB feem 
to be rather an official rvccKoition of a title 
already existing. Rminent ns this indicates 
him to have bran aa a rdigious teacher, he 
wa» equally famous for his sdentific attain- 
meuts.a« the epithet of ' the Geometer ' proves, 
and it u not without intoresl to nolice Ibat, 
luaviuff Ireland in maturu age, he uu&t have 
receired his educattOD in his native land. 
This is confirmed br Alcuin, who in one of 
his minor poenu, nnrring to Iroland hiivintf 
given him birth, adds that iibe nl&o ' oducatvu 
and icanjd him ' (docuit, nutririt). No lito- 
rary r«iaaiiw of biro (iarviTe,«xcept a glossary 
which is quoted by Qoldastns. 

[CanUns, Aat. Lect. torn. iii. pt. ii. p. ijii 
Uabillon, Act. Ben«d. ucc- iii. pt. ii. ; Hanis's 
(Wars) Vriurs si 'VitvJl/.Uxher's Syllp);*, 
epiitl. zrL ivii. (Works, ir. 161-6); IjuiifaD'a 
EeelM. Uiflt. iii. j;S-90. 20^7; ToiU'ti St, P»- 
(rick, pp. 64, Cfi; AI^thid, I'o^m No. 231 ; Book 
of Lcioittt, p. 318 a; Lsbsr Brvcc p. Ha; 
Annnls of Lti(^ Four ]Usst«rs, AD. 78-l.J T. O. 

FERGUSI(^,330B.c,?),«mofFerchiird, 
thu tiral king of Scotland, ncctirding U> ibe 
fictitious chronology of Boece and Buchanan, 
it towl to have oome to Scotland fVom Ireland 
about 830 B.o. to oasisc the 8cou already 
settled in ScotUivd atrainst the joint attack of 
the Picts and Britous. Alter succeeding ia 
this be is further said to have ^t>ne backiolre- 
land to quell diaturbaaoea which had arisen in 
his nlwmice, and to have been drowned in tbo 
passage ofTtbe rm-it or jiort whtcb gi>L tlt<- a»taa 
of Carrick Fergus from him. According to 
Fnrdoun, Wyntoun, and most of the earlier 
genealogical lista of Scottish king!i.the NUUfl 
account is given of the settlement of the 
8cots frnm Ireland by a King Fergus, t*»i of 
Ferchanl. According to otliers of tin- list*, 
Ferchanl or Feardacli, tbe fntlier of l-Vrjjiis, 
was tho first and Fergus the second king, 
lliere follows a soriee of tbirty-nine vr furxy' 
fivu kiofn bctwoeu Fergus I and I'Vririis H, 
son of hare. The critical ineigbt of l-'aiher 
Innes demolished these fabuloui Imt* of 
kings, and put tbe chrooolofry of Scoliish 
hislorr on a sound fooiidtilion, by bin proof 
that Fergus II, um oi Vmtc, who ramti to 
Scotland nbotit Ihe end of tbv hftb cxiitury 
A.D., was in roaliiy ibe first Dalrioil liin^ in 
Scot land. Inoes's results have been adupt>^ 
by subsrifUttut Iiiatorians. 

The invcniioQ and porslslent acn-ptiinco 
during Ko manv ct-nluries, ftuoi ibn twidrtb 
lu tbe mgblvitnih, of nfabtiloiis series 'if kinipi 
ia, though not unimnillnlnd, n cingulnr i>j>evi- 
men of the j^'nenlogical mnb wliich tlatl«ra 
, the v.inity of nations ns of familiee. It a 
I sujipo>«e<l lo halt: been due to the desire to 



I I III III 



Fei 

mliiblikli n hitfliflr aatir|uitT fat tlio Scot- 
tjjfa nee, nival liiw, and eburcb, thiLu could 
ba duowd for Uie Iriili <>r Kngliah. It U 
ofeonne notinooiuiflt^at with the rectified 
diroooloiry o( Iati<W that vvrn prior to •VKt 
AJO. there mAj hftvft hwn C^Uti of the Scot- 
Liali nee settled in Sco;Uiid. Scot«baduded 
lh» Pict« in oppoMDff thn Itomans in the 
fourth onniurvt and Ikeda eriduntly ineliom 
towi wUer date for tli<? >^ol.ti»h aetllernvnl. 
AU that can be imfi-ly said is that then i« do 
proof of any Dalriad kitit^doiu till tb)> com- 
nw neanent of the eixtb c^nturv, and that 
tbe uoouni fpvun bv Boece au! Buebooaa 
of Farguit, th« aon oi Ftfrrhard, and bjs sue- 
oe«aa«, is a5 devoid of hiatorMJal fouDdatinn 
MtJuatatCTMnt tliot 'bin comins intn Albion 
was at thf> time vhen Alr>xauilt<r th« Qnst 
took Balivlon, about ^t3U yea.n befure thu 
birtbofdhrict.' 

Uucbaoon, from whom this sentonoe is 
quot«d, attempts to mvo hia ovn credit by 
pn-fixiu); thu wurdv ' hi«torianB ny ttiut,' 
but t^ adapting it he became him^ff oae> of 
thew hiatoriaas, and gare tbe fubulous nar- 
ntire aprolonmd nxi«t«ncv. tathtr Imint 
prcaaea Kimew&Bt tiardly on Boece, for the 
orino of thia Darrativu datM back at least a« 
earljr as the twelflh Mntury, but tb? npecial 
blame undoubtedly attaches to Doece and 
Rtill more to Biickaunii that, thty clotbrd the 
dry li«t uf namt^ witJi cbaractera, and in- 
v«nt«d cveutA or iiicidenta wbicb nve the 
narrativo moruof Lhc aumblajico of history. 

[Innos'a OrJIical E^tty oo cha Ancient. Inbabi* 
toaUof ScotlaiMl,l729;8kew'*CulUc5et>tUni).] 

M.1A. 

FEROCa n (i. 6011. «m of Bare, was 
the tirel Dalrind lun^ria Scotland. Aucortl- 
in^ to i\k Irish Biin&Js, th^ earliest and best 
aulhoritieiifor tbeCeiUic historr of Scot land, 
the DnJriad or Scolti^h liiiigdom in Argyle 
and tbo Iitlut, which ibe medinival rhronicleTS 
ami tbe hiatorianE Boocc and Buclianao ante- 
dated to a fictitious Kergus I, son of I'Vr- 
chanl [q. v.], waa reallr founded by this 
Fergoii, «m of Earc Tliu Hynchrouisms of 
FIftnn MwiMiKtn'ncb (i.v. Kloiinof themonoA- 
t«rr nf MnniLHterboice in Louth) state llmt 
twenty yeara after the battle of Oclia llm 
fiona of Earc arrivefl in Hrirain, and date the 
battle of Ocha forty-tbree years after tbe 
coming of St. Patrick ; 432 Miog tbe date 
of St. Patrick's misvon, the migratiDU of the 
auDMuf l']arc to Scotland would be about 496 
or 408 (Skbsb). The ' AnnaU of TigoniacU' 
eubMnntiully agree with Ibis data, having 
undfir 601 tbe entry ' Fergus Mor, tlie son oT 
Earc, witb the Doilriad nc«i beld a part of 
Britain and diftd there.' 



Fergus 

The dale TiOl, accorOias: to Siiena'c prcv 
bnble oonjacture. refers to tba death of Fef- 
gus. He and bis brotbers. Lorn and AngUb 
came in all likelihood with a &mall numberes 
fiiHotri^'ni and took ppenession of Oantyn and 
the adjiicent ialcA. The Dalriads were already 
C'hri«iiaas, having been eonTerted by St. n- 
trick, and Earc belonged to tbo royal race of 
the northern Ily NiaU, from wbicb ('iilimba, 
who followed about half a ceimiry lat«r to 
Scotland, also iM-loogod. The ctaci cauae of 
the uiigratii^n from L'Utrf to Ari^l*: ia net 
recorded, hut it was probably dut? to otw-^ 
population and a desire fur more land. Fer 
gua ia Mid to hare been siiccpwli.'*! by his soH 
I)DinanKBrt, and Oomangart by hia sons Con* 
gull I (.'oaall and Oabran Ooranua [q. r.] 

[CbrAtiieles of Pieta and SeoiLB ; 8keBp'« Celti^ 
Scotlana.] M. M. 

PERGtrSHILL, JOIIN (160a?-l«44 

Scotch divine, son of Darid Fcrguahill, nei 
chant and prorost ot Ayr, wiu edoMteJ 
uartly at £duiburgti I'liiversity, purtlr in 
r'ronce.Bud partly at the univenuty of (Jla*- 
guw. whom nia name occurs among the In- 
nar)Kirali in 1 HI I, and umnng the huraatl in 
161^. Ht> wofl licensed to nrearh aa a minbt- 
ter of tbo Seottiidi kirk ami bnd a charge at 
Ochiltree in lfiI4. He wa« cit>?d lo appear 
before the high eommisaion court at Glaa^ 
in March lUlK), ami refusing to submit, to i 

Crisdiction wan suHpcuded, and wntttnoed I , 
impriaotted iu Perth. l)y the inSuenoe^ 
however, of bis friends, Robert Boyd uf 
IVoclirig, and Johu ChaUnera, tbe court wa« 
induced to pormit his reinni to Ochiltree 
luidiir certain raatrictionM. There hv appa«rs 
to have continoed to officiate until in October 
lC3t> be was tnuuG.'ried to Ayr. Ite waa a. 
UHiiibi-r of tbe naarmbly in IUU8. He died 
on 11 Jun'j 1044, aged about C9. 

^Wotlrow's Collectionii i){inn th(> Lives of t)i« 
ItofomierB aad most eoiiiiCRt Woietcn of ibo 
Cbarcli of .SeotUnd (Maitlfind Clul). ii. M ; 
d:<r»i:ti'* Scoltioh Nalxm; IJaw .Scott's Put!, 
iii. [<j>. 88. in.] J. iL B.' 

FERGUSON, ADAM . 17-,'.VlsliVi 
fe#!^or of philosophy ut V, 
i>u )H} June 1723 at Logi' 
yuungrat of the nmunnvi 
umplary niinidler of fli ■ 
a rather curioiui fm 
(see account uf bin. 
M>w for January 
guscpn'). Ferguson 
cation partly at home, j 
school of l<ogior«it, an.: 
grammar schotd of JVr! 
a iair Latin ecbolur and i 



at 

i 




■erg^son 



337 



•erguson 




b 

It 



in 
« Hi 

P 



pontion. lu liis aiztiMintb year ho was aeiit 
to tbe univenitv of St. Awlrnw*, wtter», it 
U said, bifl Lat4it procnrad liim a biinary. 
H* took bU M.A. d,ffr^ 4 July 17J;J, with 
a rfputAtion for pmficitiiicy in ola&aica, ma- 
Uieoutics, and meispbystcs. Inten'led bv 
hia father for tin- plmroh. Il^ pntt-red in the 
atxaa yitax tbe Uiviuilv Hull at ^l. Andr^WK, 
but not long aftrrwar^s bo ivmovc*! to V^Ain- 
burgh to pitnii« bis divinitr studios tlinre, 
and became intimate wiib John Home and 
Robertson among otbor young mtn aft^T- 
j«ranl« dietioguiebud. AvconlinK to hin M>n, 
'^if Adam {Cliambfr*^ Journal for ti-t Feb. 
•iticla * A School Friend of Sir Walu-r 
'), h» Mcltyd in 1742 a» private aeero- 
to I..ord Milton, who managed Scotch 
aSain for lAird Inlny. iifterwards iVmldtilii! 
of Argyll. In 1 74.1 be inu appointed depmy- 
cha^n to tbe Black Watch, then the 4:)rd 
r^imrot, afterward* (SrfewART, i. 374) the 
l^maa8-l^nd,a(tbeinKiiinee(CARLtLe,p.:to2) 
cftbeDoivagorDuchcsflof AthollfWboMbus- 
band bod prem-nl'^-d bi« father to Logierait, 
and who wished l-'erguaou to exerci«e control 

ivor hia aon. Lord John Klurray, ils colonrl. 

Itdi chief 0*1 (-nuibli? i(iiitlilicnt»iti fur lh« [kmL 
was a knowledge of fiaflic, which would have 
^honHnf-dbytwo thvsii ^t-ari' of tbi'l>irinity 
Itoll n^qiiired befomordinalinii, The^neral 
a**pnibty forKav'j bun two years more mcoo- 
aidrnktinn of his olukfiuMiT aiid tcMimoniola. 
Sooa afterwards be becanic chaplain of ibe 
nyiment, willi which he was preaeot nt IhR 
battle of I'onietioy (11 Mayl<4C). Awwrd- 
ing to Sir Walter Scolt {tiaarlerly het-iew 
forJuni' 1?2", art. * John Home;' MUetllrt- 
itfvu* H'or/ii, xix. t'VJl), wbn pmbalily litturd 
th© stMT from hia friend Adam, Fer|fu««>n'« 
•OD, tbe Donunaodiog officor wae astonished 
to gee tbe chaplain at the ka'atl of t Im column 
with a drawn broadHWord in bis hand, and 
mmurkttl tbiit bin con)mii>Ainn did not entitle 
bim to assume i^uch an aliiludc. * P — n ray 
itaion!' w»BFer(rii»on'8reply,thi>jwin(r 
towarda the colonel. But by General 
.fitarwart (ii. appendix, p. liii) be is repn- 
MOttd u mivrini^ the remonstrance witb Ibe 
t»p)y that he wan thne, not to UKbt, but tu 
smcoour the woundt..d and to prar wilb the 
dyio?. AcconlinK to the same autliority Ftrr- 
^■on aciiuiivd an ' iiuliiiun<li-<t aacondenry ' 
eviirlltesolili..'r8ofbisr(>Kim<>nt. lie returned 
to BoBlaiid in 174<'i, and in 1740 tbvre was 
|HibliMipd in London ■ A .Sermon pivachcd 
in MiH Krxe Lanfinnge to b\a Msjesty's First 
llighlntid Re^ment of F<K>t, commanded by 
l>^rd JohiiMnrray.flu thelt^tbdaynf Decem- 
Jfeor 1746. being appointed as a Solemn Fast. 
^ty the Unv. Adam Fcrfruson. chapUin to 

'lA said raffimeut, aod tnuislalml by him 

foL. xntu 





into Fu^lisb for the uiw of a lady of quality 
now in Scotland, at whose d»irw it is now 
imblisbod.' The 'lady' was the Dowager 
l)uche^ of Athull, and Ibe sermoo was a 
vigoruiu denunctatioQ of the Pretender, of 
popery, and of Franco. F>-rguJion chiefly 
remained aa cbanlain witb bis regiment at 
Unttif and abroKct unlil about 1764, wlien, 
partly mil of di.<^i3t at th(' stivenlh Duke of 
AthoII'f) refusni to preftenl him to a Perth- 
shire liriDg, he abandoned tbe clerical pro- 
(efwion. 

In Jaaoary 17^7 Ferguson sucewded hia 
friend Darid Hume in the Ubrarianship of 
the Advocate*' Library, of which tlu> annual 
salary was 40/., and which be did not hutd 
for a year, having after avltline to Edinburgh 
underlahi^n tbe education of l^rd Bat«'a 
aona. In the probably apoerypbal account 
of ibe n.hcnninl nf John Ilomes ' Dotigloa' 
by notable Kdtnbur^ amateiira, Fergusoa 
is iwprmented as performing tbe part of Ivtdy 
Randolph. To th« Douglas cmtrorcnr of 
17&7 be contributed a pampblet on '^I'ba 
Morality of Stage Plays,' which be defended 
HA Liidireotly aaitctioned in *cripiun> nud 
directly bv fiitbera of the cbuich. In the 
Hiimmer oi 1708 David Hume I'ntercd into a 
curiuuaaud unsuccessful negotiation loelfect 
the resi^ation of a professor in Edinburgh 
Univentily, one of the rr«ull« of which would 
have been to make Ferguson aocceed Adam 
Smith in tbe chair of moral philosophy at 
tilasfTow (SmLU pi». K-» : Btnrrorf, li. 46). 
On tbe death of tiiv professor of lultiral 
philoaophy in Edinburgh rniversily Fer- 
guson was appointed to tbai ohair, 4 July 
1709. Tbe cUai was to meet iu Oi'tober, UD^ 
in the brief interval FVrgusoo acquired a auf- 
ficient knowledge of physics to dischami hia 
duliej) MliAfuetorily, u feat, wbicli led mvid 
Hume to pay him a somewhat ironical com- 
plimmit cm htN extninrdinnrr gi.'niui, Ha 

iiublished a pamphhtL im the Scottish militia, 
ctUowetl by iinnther on the injustice of the 
refb,«l of parliament to sanction tbe oeta- 
bliubment of nuch a force. It was written 
in imitation of Arbutbnot, and appearinfc in 
1701 with the lith;, 'Tho History of lh« 
I'roctediogs in the case of Margaret, cotn- 
monlv tailed I'i!<g. otilv sister to John Bull, 
Kw]., pJtcittid a good JcaI of ntli-ntitin. In 
17'l:i Ferguson waa one of tbe foundt)r»of a 
club, at lirst without a name, formed to keep 
astir thfl moTenont for the establishment of 
a Scotch militia, and wbiob became &niotu 
a* Ibe Poker Club, a name ragge^ttd bj 
Ferguson as having for its mftmuen an o&- 
vioits meaning, while to othen enigmatic 
fCoLOKsr. FuBfitrBoa, p. 137 and note). In 
I7a3hawas«ntnut«dwitb tbe education of 



Feipison 



J3« 



Ferguson 



two fon* of till* Eiirl of Wnrwidi. In 1701, 
in It jh-ricH nf rirof<^»f>rial rhu^M (a«e wrount 
of tb«in in Oruit, it. 316, SS9, 360). F«r^- 
Bon WM tpBoint«d to tbo choir in Edinburgh 
yrbich h« nad lonir C0Tef«d, tfast of ' paeu- 
Butics uid morsl philosophy,' pnenmatiea 
being used iniM nowobsokiU Knae of menul 
l^iiloiM^jr. Uia cMiuurtOMB and dot^uence 
luda luin a very popuhr profiwMH', tni liis 
Iwtum wereatlenueu bv ouny aoa-Msdvmic 
be«rt;r4 belonrin^ to toe upp«r nnl». [n 
liiiip bi- tliufl ULTifud froin tba cbnir un ui- 
Biul income of nOQ/., tliongfa tlti^ anlnry at- 
Udiad to it vroA only 100/. a year (Letter to 
Adam Smith in S«*t.t., p. 17). In I76fl he 
married Mihs Katherine Bumclt, an Aber- 
doDian lady, and niece of Jose^ Black the 
cliomist, who wwa rdttirs of Torguson on 
the motbar'o side. 

Ferguson bad ootnpIeUd in 1750 an csmy 
on n&a«mm1^ vtilcb, it has bc(>n runniM.'d.bV 
incorporated in bia ' Esmv on ('ivil Society,' 

Rlbliabed in 17I16. Tho besut un nrfiniiniunt 
avid Iliimn praijti>d bi|^ily, bul n-coni- 
mondedtbpBapprcaeionof tbe'EssaronOivil 
Soctdy.' NvverLbelen he reported faithfully 
from London the T«ry ftvoiirable Tordict pn> 
nouDoed on it by Lords Shelbome, Mansfield, 
ChcMerlSeld, Lyttolt'in, and Ilul'!-, nnd by 
CbarlwTowa«b«ud,whuhiid'ruiaditlivctiin«i 
over' (PwsnPU. Lee in Supplement to fit- 
Ofctopa^ia Britannicn: BtntroN, li. SSS-6), 
Tbft poet Gray (m^ H'orhi, ed. Cloftae, iii. 
370-^ and not«) found in it * an uncomntnn 
atmiiiof f-limtirni^n' nitiong othor marrilK, uiid 
Baron d'llolhtich lauded it in n letter w 
Feiifugion. In tho ypar of lU piibltcntiun thv 
university of Kdinbiireh conferrftd on itx 
authic (lie degrefl of LL.D., and Lord Sbel- 
bumn Ihoiuflir. <if offWrini; lo Ferj^jnon tlie 
govemc»sbip of WoHt Florida. It reachfid a 
aeventh ediLion in 1814. A French trnnit- 
lation of it by IV!rgiiTftnd ^[cl1ini(^r appeared 
itt Paria in I" W ; » (.iermau, by U. F. J iin^T, 
■t Lcipxig in 176S. Fcr^iton prafi«fied liim- 
llf in il u modf»t Ibllowur uf MonluHjuiuu, 
'"knd, like his master, he viewed the develop- 
ment of socii'ly irum aa historical stand- 
point, diKi-ATclin^ Hribboii'A and Rounifjiii'it 
thiiories of primitive man, whose analogue 
Frr(ru»on found in the' Anihclan' and North 
American Indian of tbp (■i^hfcenib ointury. 
The eswv ia deaultory and inconcluaive. 

In 171^1 Ferguson had iMUod a syllabus 
of his luctureis, unlitlwl 'Analysis of Pneu- 
matics and Moral Philosophy for Ilie use 
of Studonta io thr Collep* of Edinburcli,' 
The notes from whirh hn delivered biit li-e- 
Aures were more amplv reproduced in bis 
'Institute-? of Moml Philowophy/n volume 
issued in 1772, of which a second edition 




apManHl in 1773, a third edition 'mUrged * 
■ in l7*'», a ' new ' edition nt Baael in 1800. a 
, Qaminu tran»lation by C. Qarve at Leipsijr 
I in 1773, with an appendix uf comments by 
the traualator, which Schillor knew by b^-a; ' 
, {Al/ffftti^ne JJeKtmhe HiuffrapJue, art. 'C 
, tian Uarre*). \ Rauiui translation of it i 
I aatd Io have been a text-book in Uusa: 
univetvitjes. In 1773, with a somewhat 
diminishing incomL-, Furguson accepCed an 
ofttT, made at the rcoommendalion of Adam 
Smith.toiravelonthecontinentwithCIuu'W, 
I thint itarl nf Cbeet«riield, rect^vini; an all 
aocu of 400£. a year during the tour, and aA 
it an annuity of 'JOO/. for life, 'rhe 
bui:gfa town council refust^ his requiac;] 
allowed to appoint a substitut'! d 
t«iniiorary absence from his chair.ond 
after the winter sewion of 177-1, be j 
bis chargo on the eontimmt. thry cam-nU 
hi» appoioLmunt and ekctod aiiiilj-r t>^ 
feasor. After iu«tiluting Ivpil | 
and beti^ reinstaUi^, Farsu.'Uin t 
I ICdinbiirgh in 177f). In n letter i<> Dr. L'a 
\ lylft lie gave an cnterlaininfr ami rath 
satirical account of a visii to Vulloirv 
Fem.'V, who, he says, 'saluted mn with 
compliment on a gentleuian uf - 
who bad riviliMn] the Kiusians.' \ 
doubt had in view the carui-r of nii ''tit>: 
earlier Scotch Ferguson, or F>?rKiiMiin, 
in bis hi^torv of Russia uud^^r Pet 
Ureal ((£^n^, ed. 1877-8.'., xvi. HW. -Wl 
be describes aa helping Pf't^-r ro ralcula 
eelipM»i,andase«tabli«hin(;Bt Moscow scbooll^ 
of sfiometiy, astronomy, und nat-i^tia 
1776 ^ipeued anonymously, and jpriai 
the expetiM of the frovemmcnt, Fervi 
'Remarks on a Pamphlet lati-ly publisb 
by Dr. Price, entitled *' OUen-aiions on " 
Nature of Civil Liberty."* Ac, Pergii 
proposed conciliatory measurse t ^ 
manding eoneeasions from th^ colonittK 
1778 ho accompanied tu Pbilwli'ljilL'n th 
now British rommiasioners sent to • 
a *cttK>mL-ut, and toon after their . 
was appointed their wcivtary. Wnv;iirij;tn 
refusi.''d him a passport witli which to ft 
aited to conffrras. The nt^^otialions comi 
to nothing, lie returned home with the 
miinionen at the end of 177^, and resumed 
the duties of bia chair, which during his 
absence had been difchar^ii by his firnm 
pupil, Dugald Stcwurl. The cntaoaixy 
FerfTUKon, as 'a man of tht^ world and a h\ 
bred gentleman,' was min^h sihikIiI f"r, ac" 
cording to l)r.C«r1y1e,whundil.t tliat be 
vened fluently but wttli di((nifi»)l 
and that he 'possessed a boundh-.u n 
humour.' ConTiTialily had not injured b 
health uotit about hia flftioth year, w,* 



pWftlTtie STinptonu nppenring be, ati<i«r 
JoMtpli BImcWs guiiUace, Kcorvnid lutil ro 
tainod perfDCt heattli "by Xxeotaiag virtually 
A n>gKtsrutn and a lotal ab«tAii]«r. A1^4>r 
hU atiarh ho rmrely dinnd out excspl with 
Jllack, anil' FnrffUNon'ti Km Atlatn vntM wont 
to MT that it wan delightful to nee the two 
pbilcwopbeni 'riotinp mcr n turnip ' (CocK- 
»ntx, p. W>f. An inrrwLvvl wnnilMlilylicold 
followi>d lii* c'onvaloswnce. HereguUtt'dtliO 
t«iu)wnitars nf hin room by Fahmihftit, and 
'wpDi abroAd to wannly clad that fac ' looked 
liku a pliilo»opher from Lnpland.' The de- 
tails nf his malady, care, and re^mon KK 
[tivcB ill a fa\>vt by Blade, which is intereat- 
tag a.4 Ibe nalr memoml of hia mi^dicAl 
proclirt- IMC vii. '2'iO, &c., vt thu Mctiico- 
fhirurr/ii^l Tmnittc^lwnx, piililUb^il by the 
Mo<lic-ttl and Cbirumcal SocLely of Loudon, 
1816). 

At a hif(blan<I<>r aad ntherwiiie Fergusun 
wai dixpofted to b«Uev« in the gvDuiaeiiMa 
of MncphcTBon'd * Owiitn,' and rorrnsponded 
■ with SucphenoQ on his proposal to use tht> 
Oreek alpbabrt in printing; Gai-'lic (Sham,, 
pp. 6&-6). In 17>^l be bad aa unpleaftatit 
contm\-eny with Uean (afterwards Bi«bop) 
Percy, wVt npraaenKMl him u having, when 
Percy rintaa him in tMinbiirifli in 1765, 
^vrodncM) a »tttd?nt who recited tn Gaelic, 
and, aa cumnt in tbr* bi(;hlimdi>, frmgraentii 
'wliieh Ferfftnon told him wore «TtdentIy tJu 
originalaof p awaRTO in Macpbonoo'a ' 0«wan-' 
To thin at»t4'nipnt FeiFBiison pire an uti- 

Jmlifled contradiction (see Gent, Mmj. for 
tec^mb«r-Januar\- 1781-2, nnd NiCHOiJi, 
Ilitutr. of Lit. vi.'M" 9). In 1"!*L' be eup- 
pnrtt^d Principal IlobettaonV aucccuful pro- 
ponul fnr tbo owtabliehmcnt of a rojit] aocic^ 
of Holland, ofwhicb bo became n menibpr. In 
the ume year he puhlishod, with n dcdit^ation 
*lo th« &ine,* bu ' History of iho Troffrt-w 
and Termination of tbe Komaii Kepublic. 
iUu^tmliuJ with Maps,' compriiiing a fikotcli 
nf tho hixl^ry of the empire to tbe acceatuon 
of Califnda. lib military experience ^vca 
WTitluv tnpiarlAof bisnarralivn. TlinmaA 
^__1tI« in hia ractnrial addreiui to the Rdin- 
bnrffb Hludenl* spoke of Pergoaoo aa 'particu- 
larly well worth r«adbig_oa Roman oistory.* 
|''f>ri;uaoa'a work noon «ffaoed Uooke'scom- 
pilal-iiin. A scrund vdition of it 'rcTiaedj* to 
o vola. Hvo, apprariM] in 179S, to whicb Per- 
gtiaon pi^llxed an ' adTDrtiaenwot ' containing 
n Un andaomeaccountof biaauthoritimiana 
aids, ruuritmt nnd inodf'm. Anotln-r t^iUtifin, 
also in & Toln. 8to, wan publiabed in li^lS, 
of which tbo ao-^alled ' new' odilion of ItTil^, 
in fi TuU., LA simiilv a reiuiie with a new 
title-p«K(!. Id 1(*'2J}, too, appeared a con- 
: edition ia 1 ruL, belonglBg to Jodm'* 



B^rieis of * University Editions of British 
(TlftMio Authors.' A Gorman translAlioD by 
C. 1). Bflwk] appt*rwl ai LeipiiK in 1784-0, 
and at Paris two I-Vnch tnmalations, one 
by Ditmeunier and Gibolin, 7 voli., in 17&1- 
1791, tbe oth«r by J. B. Bivtou, 10 voU^ in 
1803-10. 

Fvrf;u«»n rvsiened in I78K bis professor* 
abip of moral pliilaRophy, and waaanooefldM) 
by Dugald Stc^wart, ivbo oAt^o refers reopeet- 
fully to bis opinions. That h« mi(;ht con- 
tinuitto repfiivpa salary tb« I'Minburgb tows 
council appointed him to the chair of ma- 
tbrmal-ia*. vacarcd by Digrald Stewart, with 
Playfair as junior and acting profoasor. In 
17^ a former and pratofm etudont who 
bad a«ji«tvd him in llio tuition of prirato 
pupils and had risen to be gavernor-gmpral 
of ludia, Sir John Macpherson, MUt him a 
mnittancH ton-anU dtnenargin^ tlio '<-mlM»w 
nRsingTou-dutyon a fiirm near Curris, which, 
nooTi aft'T mnrr)-in){, For^ison bad bM^on to 
oulliva(«',iuminga bam^n heath into baauty 
niidfertility(Piuxcu'U.LBB). lulhewinter 
of 1 7wl-7tlii> young Walter Scott for thft Brat 
and last time met too poet Bums (LocKBasr, 
p. S?) in FeifTuaon's house, The Scieniioa, 
on tb« north luda of tho Meadows, between 
Principal Rob«rtaon's house and that of Lord 
Cochbum's falhfH', nnd thon so remote that 
his iiwntU calUnl it < KamUchaLka.' In 1792 
upeared, in 2 vols. 4to, his ' Principlns of 
Moral and Political Sdcnoo, twiDft cbi«&y 
a Rfttroflwrt of I^eci un\t df>li\ered in the Col- 
leRe of Edinburgh.' FeiKumn'iipoUticalphilo- 
ftophv is lliat cf a whig of tnc old scboc^ 
Sir \ViUiam iiimilton apeaki of bii ethical 
teaching as on incutcattoa ' in fproat moaaura 
of the need of the wamoT-«pirit in tho moral 
life' (Memoir of Uu^ld Sli-wart prvllxud lo 
hifl edition of Sttwart'a Worhi, x. 1(^17). 
Au appn.'ciative and v^auativo account of 
ForKu.son's ntbical and |*olii,tfTd pJiilojioiihy 
iir ^Ton in Couein's ' Coura d'ilistoin de la 
Pliilooifdiif MornUi au dix-hiutii&u< Sitela' 
(1.H:i{M0),pt. ii. ficole fiensaaiK. AFreneh 
translation of th» 'Principles' appeared is 
Parts in 1821. 

In 1793, with a view to a eocond f^lition 
of his Roman historr, Ferffuaon riaited Ger^ 
many and Italy, rcsidinff for a sliort tim« at 
Rome, and was elected an bonoraiy mem- 
ber of thv Berlin Anademy of Sciences, tn 
17dA Ite lost his wife, and meditating seclu- 
sion for his remaining years, be n^^ired per- 
miiijiioii from th" fourth TluVe of Qu(.-*,'nsbt"rT7 
tn take: up hii abode in Nt^dpalh Gastt<>, thon 
bviDg (li«mantl<-d nnd falling into decay. A 
winter at Kciilnath disenchanted biiXL aud 
' ha removed to IlaJtyardfl, in tha ntigbooiu^ 
I bood, which he Curned for fburtaen yean. 



Ferguson 



340 



Ferguson 



In AofTuit 1801 b» nwl bafim Um Koy«) 
ISncii'iy of Edinburgh an inierestir^r jwper, 
' Muiuli>«of ihoLirvandClutrtictirrof Juw'|>li 
Otuck,' (tft^^TVAnUpuhliahftl in ih^r 'Tran»- 
AClioos' for 1805 (vol. V. pt. ii. p. 101, Sic.) 
At thii timq lir iriut in ciwty circumitanoM. 
In aJJilian to tlie C'luwterfi^ld lif« aimuit^, 
hu urufuMorial sal&ry, and thv profits of biR 
1x>0Ka,lM)ii rpproMntoduAfijoymKniTOvcm- 
mcnl pewon of 400/, (cf. pHhIif ("hameterf 
at 1770-lttOO, p. 4iSl, and .intmal nidgraphy 
and Obituary tor )til7, p. iTjl). ticun and 
I»rd (Vickburn hatw fpvc-n graphic deAcrip- 
tiaos of t'vtfatun in old &gu, with silver 
lockii, l)lu« ejTM, niddy i-lx'rkii, and linn |^t, 
and wtsring a cosliitne much resembling that 
of the Fl«inii>Ii pfiannnr ofbiiitinic. Accord- 
ing to Lord Corkhurn he wa.^ ' donenticnlly 
kind,' but 'fiery kit ^ninpowd^;' aud Prin- 
ctpal Lm bint« thai tho infloxibility of his 
disposition stood in ihuway of atlvanwmeut 
proposed for him in EngUnd. In his latost 
T0ara his vilaliiy wk« »up|K>rt»d by ihti dwp 
mtwwt which he took in the f^mit war; 
ftnd Scott snya th*t ' tbu news of Waterloo 
iu.^ti_-il '111 till! n>(ml patriot. asa Nunc Diuiitlui.' 
1I« vsitinfullpQBsassinnofhiHfhrultir^Awhf^n 
liedtodatSt.Andrsvrs on^:? Fi>b. I^llt. His 
last wordi) addreaaed fmn hin <)i>«thbi>d t^ 
his daughters were, *Tlier« is another world ' 
■{Ednibuiyh Rrtwui). Ho wa« buried in ibi- 
grounds of the old catliedral ofSl . .'Vndruws, 
atid ibK 6laborat« inicriptioa on th«> monu- 
TDcnt ovur his rumaiiu wa« wricion by Sir 
W«lterScott. Ul8l7wftapubliahiKihi»'Bio- 



apsdia,' 

the 'Kncydwpa'dia Britatmica,' fnim which 
its Ivngt li excliuli>d it. 

{Biognpliicnl Sketch by John StiiaII, libniri.in 
to tfao mtivvreity of EdlDbur^, 1861 : PnociiKil 
IioeaMninoir. in stipplonifltit toThe 4th, &lh, atid 
6tti •ditioiM of tho Kiicyrlopwdi* Ihitsnnioai 
0«Dwal 3t«wart of Oakh's Sk«lcb«a of tb« 
CbaracMT*. Hannnrs, ftiN, of iho IligkLan-ls of 
Scotland, 1833; Autobiography of I>r. AIpz- 
nadar C^rlvle, ISMj Lord Cockbim't Ua- 
iBorials of his Timo. 1H60; Sir Wnlbir Scott's 
MioMlbnroua Works, vol. xix. ; Luckhitrt'ii Lif« 
•of ijcoic. ed. 1845 ; J. U. BuRou'a Ltfe mid Cor- 
raspondMee of Dnvid Uums. IMS; Coloacl A. 
V»Tipi*oa'* The Hon. llenryKwkine, ly^rd Atlvu. 
est* fwr SMPtlaod. 1883; Sir A. Grant's Slory of 
the Unirexsity of Ediaburgh, 1S84; Kisch and 
Grab«r's BixcjoloiNMlio. ami Uu^ranl'a Fmoce 
Lilt4r«u«, u>b nomina; auchoritin dttd.1 

F. E. 

rERQITSON, Sni ADAM (1771-1856), 
ktwpor of th« iwgalia in SooLlaod, eldwA sou 
of Profsasor Adam Ferj^uson^q.T.], wis born 



in 177). At B<]inbiu^b Univaraitr he was 
one of the oampanions of Sir Wu'' r^ 

who sajra Hist hocomlrined the * 1, 
moat afry leimp«r with th» Imal nmi i.iiiiii'] 
diraositimi' ('Autobiography' io LoCEiUl 
L^e (fffknft). II« wasalaoone of the nina^' 
t«en ori^nal members of tho tociuty, < CAU«d 
by way of eiceUeoce the Club,' among thr 
membtTs of which, from the accident of a 
N^wliaven QahoRnan mistaking htm for 
brother of the craft, he obtained ibn rognC 
m<.-n uf Linton (see anecdote, it.) It wl 
in company with FnrjjiLoon that .S>'^>rt 
17&.( tirat vLniiwl the aoen^ in IVn.hshii 
on thf bii^dand bonlar which he nfVtTWiir 
dwcribed in his poems and romoncM. Abonl 
1600 Frnguson entered theanny; h<! Ixwaine 
CAptatn of the lOlsl rin^mont in Febniatj* 
18w*, and afterwanls h<>»i'rved in the IVl 
tnilar canipnt^ nnder >\'elliiipton. Sfott ' 
in the hubit of relating with special pri<j 
that the ' Lady of the I^ake ' having ruaehe 
Fttrouaon in the linos of Torroa Vedms 
read ta hix company, wiulr lyinjc on t) 
ffronad exposed to the en.>my'a artillery, 
doMription of th>.> bitttlt> in canto vi. I 
letter to S^ott in 1811 Frri^iison oxpr 
the resolve, should it be his fate to sturit 
tht' can){)aign, to try his hand 'on a em 
little farm ' somewhere io ScottV uii^irhbot 
hood, He was taken prisoner during \^'* 
lingtoo's retreat from Burgos in 1^12, an 
was not released till the iHtace of IHl4. 
8 Oct, 1818 he went on half-jwy. In IB] 
he nncompanicd KcotI in an excurnion in tt 
Lennox, and in tlie following^earheuid I 
«i«t<-ret(>nk up theirrp^idoiiceio tbemaaaia 
house of ToOfield, which fiooti had 
purchased, and on which, at thu 

?n»M,lte lw»low»?dtI>ennmeof Iluntly' 
n the BUttunn of thiR ymr »r(riaon, chin 
throii;;h the exert ions of Sei^tf, wa<; ap[ 
kecpi-r of t hn regalia of Sc^.land, whic 
had recently teen discovi-rwl. Aboq 
time Sir Ds^'id Wdkie executed for Sc 

picture iu which ijcott and hie fouiih 

presented as a group of peasants and Fcj 
sun IU n EamvKvDpor or poacher. In If 
Fiwujwin, in t!i«>cftiiftciiyi^fii-c.relJirv,sa>iB 
panied Scott's friend, the IJuke of linrcleuc 
thi>n in (liTlining hotdth, to J.iibnti. In It 
he married the widow of Oeurge Lynn 
X>oadon, and daughter of John iSlfwarl 
StentOD, Portlwhirc (soe biimorouji b>!tfr ■ 
Scott on the w-remouv). On thwooawiou 
the visit of Geoi^e IV to Edinbunili he 
ceived ihu honour of knighthootl 'Ji* Ai 
182-2. He diMl I Jttii. 1855. FergtiMinn 
bmN] as a narrator of Scotch ftnl^cdatas. 

[Lockhan's Ltfu of Scott; Qent. Mae. n«« 
sar. (i8M)xiiii. I9ft.] T 



'Crgnson 



34T 



•ergusoa 



I 
I 



I 



,ou80N,i>Ayn)(rf. iis»i),Sc«tiiKii 

Tj is sIau^ bj Spotl^wooc] tit hare be^n 
ltl&33,but Wodrow mure probably 
__ tbe (lati^tA have biKn It^ii or twenty 
yew cwlier. aiid I>avid Lsing thinks il could 
notluivebecnlat^rlbnn 1-j:^. lie isreptiti^d 
lo have Ut'ti & naltvu uf Uuiideu. Thii onlv 
evideiicftfor thin Uon etitrT iu the trmauKr s 
occoonta of Scotland " July ISM of a. sum- 
mona to him and othcn within Ihv boroush 
of Dundew to appear before tbe ju&tices at tlie 
Tolbootli on 28 July fur disputing ujion <:rro- 
nsoiu opinion.'* and i>Ating m^h during Ijent. 
T\*(>tirow Bi.fttas t hat he was by trade a glover, 
but Rave un bu»Lne«s and ' went toacLool,'io 
order lo fit himKlffor tbe dufwa ofapreadur 
or expounder amoog th9n{onatn(Anaiecia, 
i.120}. The Scotti^ doctor of the Sorbon&e, 
Jamva Lain;;, iD«crs at him as an ignorant 
Cobbler (iru/w) and plover (Dr I'l'tti lltertfi- 
rnrwm.p-SO). Thuugbit i«douUfuIif h«i.'vvr 
aU»nd«id a univoruily, he waii undoubU-dly 
well acqanintedbotb wiib Ijktiu and GreiUi. 
lU' was among Ihvoarlitwt of thwprt-ach^rsof 
tbc- refometldorlrine'i. andnii'dilionK thathft 
was one of that ' few numWr, vi». only t'w,' 
'wboorieinally'wf-nt forwan) with thfl work' 
(Javis Melville, Diary, p. 236; Calvek- 
wooD, J/utury, V. 436). When the firm ap- 
IKuntmrat waa inadv of miiiiXvrB or «upenu> 
tcnd«nta to important pUcea in Scotland, he 
WEB aelE>clcd to m to I)unfL-rmIin(< (CiLDEn* 
nimD, ii. II). In 1507 Kiwijtli wb* iiUcmI 
under his ctav, hut in l-'t'^ it was excluded, 
whil« Cumnock and Bvith w«r9 addad. In 
Ui>£t K«rf^.v)npiih)ished' A.n AnAirartoanA 
Epistle written by Itcaat Benedict, the French 
dtictor, proffwor of Ood'a word (a* the Irana- 
laioroftliiaeptatlecallvth him) to John Riinx 
and lb« re«t of bi* bretbrvn, miniriers of thai 
word of Ood made bj David FoaT:g;uaon«, 
miniftvrof ibia same word at tbio present 
Dunfermline.' Theonlvconyofthif known to 
BxiiiX wa«itn.'«vn(i.-<l totlif I ni\ fr.<i(y l/ibrarv, 
bu^i, iJi 1701 by John How, but it haa 
printed m tbo vulumo L-niitlcd 'Tracts 
^Dnrid Fxrguton,' <-<lili-d l)y David l^ain^ 
fur tJif Bannaiyne Club in IfKJiO. t in 13 Jan. 
1671-2 Iwi [(n-ftcb*"! a wrnnon U'P>n' thi- m- 
g4nl at ibo m<H-lingnf th«ai^>inlily in Leilb, 
whun n inodilied ppi>tcopacy was eatakhatiiNl. 
It wa.1 chiefly di-votcd to a nrotut igMnct 
tbv oliviiBiioii of ihu «[>oil* of lb« church (o 
tI)L* privalfl uwjt uf ihenobilil vor lo purpOiiM 
of (fiH"mTTirtn iiisi.';iil uf tbcir bcinu amiti«l 
lo 'I iirchf«aniT*cli«»oI«, 

anil : < >> of tbi' poor. Il i* 

a rvinnrkabli.' ••[HViuii-n of \i|t(miu> i'<im]K>- 
aition in th^ vcniai'iilar Scot<-h. At the a»- 
sembly bMd at I'cnii in AugiiRt loT*.' it wa4 
aubouUad to tlu) revuiton of live of the moat 




^miiMfnl minifftiprH, all of whom gave it their 
strong approbation, aft^T whicb it was printed 
at St. Andrews by liobert l.ekpnrvick, iho 
diHlicaliou to the rusent Mar bearmL' ihi? ilatM 
of 20 Aug. John Knox gavo it hia ncom- 
mciMlation in tba following atrikine t«nna ; 
' John Knox with my doad band nut glad 
beArt, pratung (lod t hat of hh nuTcy b«> Ieav«a 
Hucb light to his kirk m this deaolation.' Th& 
only couv knuwu tu u.\i«t is that in tbe Ad- 
TOCati<a Ijibrary, Hdiuhiirf^h, but it alao baa 
boQD prinlL'd in ibt! volume editRd by Laing. 
F*rgu«on wajt chom-n moderator of the gene- 
ral asaemblv which met at Kdinburgb on 
March 16^3, and also of that which luet on 
H On. \^7S. He usuallj bad a place on all 
important commisoioiiB, and (m many yijara 
waa ehoMin one of th» saaeBSon to th« mo- 
derator to prepare mattera for th* oavembty. 
He waa one of the miuistera who wait<^ on 
Morton pn>YiDUB(ohiHi-xw:ution,:i June I5dl. 
In IRBii lie waa appointed by the assumbly & 
commietuoner for tlui ' weat end of Fife to 
puiKirinlcnd th0 •stablishmnnt of kirks and 
planting of ministers' {ib. iii. 618). Wlien 
th« aaacmbly wished to bring any matter of 
iroportano^ before the nntiee of the king, 
Fergiteon was usually one of the deputtda 
cti'iMtn to wait nn him, and by bis tact and 
ready wit btf frequemly Nucceedod in ob- 
taining bis end. A notable instance of this 
ie rwunli'd at length by Culdcrwood ^iii. 
7 1 7- 19) w hen Ferguson formnd one of a depn- 
latUin to wait on oiro in 1683 to diBcharfM>' 
tbv rather dnlicate and tbankleMcdiity of oa- 
moniahtng him ' to beware of innovations in 
court, (o try rvporta before credit was giveo 
tA them, and to pnt him in reim-mbrance of 
Holt, the Englisu joBuil.' He jocularly told 
the king that F»;rgna was the first king of 
Scollann^ and that he wa? Pcrgua-aon ; bnt 
reoogniaing that King James liaid the poaaae- 
Mon and wns ' an hotiMt man ' he would gire 
bin) hi« riuhl. In some points of the discus- 
sion consiaembte wannth was diaplayed by 
Bvmc of tbedoputiee, but Fcrguaoo succeeded 
in Kiving;' a now turn to the topics al critical 
points, the result being that as they took 
their leave 'the king laid hi* hands upon 
every one of them.' In August of the Muce 
year Fergimon and six othvr ministers were 
oiti'd by th>- king lo attend a convention at 
St, An»lrew8 to answer for certain proc«e<l- 
inga of the aasenbly (I'A. 7*^^). On 12 May 
irist), on the renewal of the covenant by tho 
xynod of Fife at Duufermline, Fer^iaon gave 
an inten-sting addrean, with rominuceneea of 
bis experience* ul the ewrly iierind 'when 
there was no name of ntipend heard toll of. 
and scarcely was tlierv a man of name and 
ealimatiou to lake tlui cause in hand ' (Jmsa 



Fergiison 



343 



'crguson 



Mbltiu*, IXary, p. 236; CAtDKBWOHP. 
History, v. 436). At « mwrt-ing of tlie ivnod 
of Fife, lield at Cupar in Fehniary Iw'-S, 
io rejfanl to \ proposal to giro minwu?™* 
TOt« in parlUiueut, iViyuaon, tie eldest mi- 
DUt4tr at rhit time io Scotland, alUrrpUling 
the dtfficultMM of the church in thApMtio 
contending against tbo efTortd to introduca 
ndw^aof, atruaglr o»po»ed ib« proponlt 
wiudi heoompared to tin; ' busking up of thu 
bnvahone' tar the uvortlmiw of Troy (MllL* 
TILU. p. 288; CuLDKRWOOD, V. 681). He 
iii)A \& Ang. 1C98. 

8poti«woodcallaF*rgn»oii 'agoodprcAcher. 
triie, and of jocund and pleasaot digpoiiiion 
(B\*tvry,'\. l59),and Wodrowaayalhal by'hia 
pleaaant and facctioti« conTenation ho oft«Q 
plettted and pacified t be kin)! wh><it ht> wtts in 
afury" Miw/ft^/fl, p. laO). Th* well-loiowQ 
epithet 'TukhaD'apiiUcdtoihebiahopHBapra, 
XT. 317) ie lutuUjr aHcribed to him. lu nu- 
mottr appura ia nis reply to a qwvtion of the 
Unsat Cothe reason why the maM«F of Gray'a 
houMihook during the nifffat: *Wliy eliould 
not the d«vil rock nia ain Doinw ? ' II« wat 
&med for hi* akUl in the remawiUr language, 
vhiflh IB oolebratvd by John Dnvidson, then 
on» of Ui« TOOMiU at St. Andrews, in Latin 
ytntA, fluotod in Ajjpendis. R R to M'Crir's 
'Life Of Knox.' Hw love of pithy Rayings 
led him to make a colleclioii 01 Scottishpro* 
rurbs, now of almu«t uniijue value, Tiiey 
were published in Ifrti under the title, ' Scot- 
tish Provurha gathered together W David 
Fergusone, sometime minister at Dunferm- 
lino, and put ordiitf aJpAnhetim wIi«d he d^ 
paTtwd thu life unno l-Mlrt.' Thfire is a copy 
of thifl edilicii in the Advocates* LiVrar^, 
Edinburgh, and an iraperfect copy in the li- 
brary of the Rritiah MuM-um. Othoredilitfua 
appeared in 10G9, lOZfi, USW, and 1700, the 
latter bfjirinii the title, ' Nint- Hundred and 
Fortv ScntttHh I'roTCTM, the greater part of 
■wbici were finit gnthewid together by David 
Ferguson, the n»t wnce added.' il« warn alao 
the author of ' Epithnliimium Myaticum So- 
loBOlUA Re(^t^ MTe analyaa critico-poetica 
Oaolici Can! iconim,' Edinburgh, 1077. Ho 
laft a diary containing a record of the priD~ 
eipal eccleaiml ical evfnta of his time, which 
has been Io*, but whidi probably his aon-in- 
Uw, John Row (1608-1646) [q. v.], incor- 
potatedin his ' Hiatory.' Byhi8wife,l8Bl»l 
rturham, he had five 'son* and four dau^li- 
ten, one of whom, QriznM), married Row. A 
portr^t of Forgttwn, done on timber, of a 
small oval form, waspreaented by Row Io the 
university library of Edinburgh; hni, owing 
probably to the earelesa maimer in which the 
coUaelioni of the library have (VAqiiently been 
sttperintendnrt it eaouo* now be trscod. 



[HiatoHeiof CWtJ^TWood. Koiih, Spotisi 
and Rot; VodrowV A^nlrpm; J^mesBIelTiMc 
Uiary; Bookoef lii Kirlt;M-Cri» 

Lirws of fCnoi aod ■ ' • Scott's Fa 

Kcclea. 8«rt- vol. ii. i>i- u. .10.1-0 ; Uiing's Ini 
dutioo to Tnwts by Datld Fat»a«n (BMnrtjni 
CUb, I8»0j.] T. P. H. 

PEEOUaON. J.-VMFi* (16ai-HW7)j] 
Seotet divine, bom in Ittiil, bekmnd to t 
Ferguxtiu of Kilkerran. Ele giMuated 
QUdigDir Univi^ity in lOS^and vaaordaioc 
ministor of Kilwiunins, Ayrshir«, in 
He wa* a nifmber of the aaacmbly of . . . 
and declined calls to both tldinbutith and 
Glasgow. 1 Ie wa* m highly eateor ' ' - 
Earl of Kglintoun that, though a^ 
the chair of divinity at (Haagow m ■ - • . , 
never left Kilwinning to outer on thni oflle 
Ue was a man of eminent pioty, and at 
aame time 'much admirerl, aj a writur 
iuB life in Wodrow'a ' Analecl* ' mv*, ' I 
hiK (tTTwt and Mitgular wisdom and priidenc 
being reckoned one of the wisest n>eo 
a nation, moat. Rt tx> be a couawllor to a 
moDarch in Eurt^.* In the oontrove 
between the reaolutiouers and prote<!ter« 
adopted the aide of the fonn^T, but it is 1 
conlwi that he mmfeased Wftit* his death tt 
hrt was wrong. Probohlv in conftequpnc 
of tlie support of Lord Eelintoiin, lie ws 
not iHterfcred with at the iWtoratiim in h; 
ministrv at Kilwinning. He dn.'d i;i M» 
IWO", t'lTjcuson is remembered and eaieemn 
at I hi* day as the author of a periesof exr* 
lent commtiUarir!* «u St. I'linlV Kplstlf 
In Chart'iris'ft ' Catalogue of Sc-iteh Ihi 
he u called an author ' of gn^at rejtut ' 
Hpurgeon characwriftea his commcnti 
thoflo of 'a grand, gracious, eavoury ■ 
Uigworkaare: 1. 'l»po»ili<>n*oftlie I 
tothePhilipptatkBandColoeeiani.'Kdinl 
l(J5(t. 2. 'Kxpoailions of the KpisI 
Dnkcian-i and EphcJtinns.' I'^inburch, II 
;1. * Kxposil ion 01 the Kpistles to tttt> 11 
salon iBnA,' lilas^riw, lfi76. ■!. ' RefutB 
the Kfrors ofTolvrntinn, ErastianiBBi,^ 

Endency, and Si-poretion.'EdinbuTjrh.' 
i- nl»o "issued several uermoiw, and left _ 
manuscript an easav on ainginc the psalms 

He married Jeanlnglis (J. 1(^7), by whom 
he had two sods, James and Hew, and a 
d«uia;hter. Mary, wife of Robert Cheialre, an 
Edinburgh nu^chant. 

(Sroti's FiiKi,pt. iii. 181 ; Wortrow** Anal-Ma. 
rol.iii.: Wodrow^Churoh IIi*t,;lJ«iIlie'aL>tI«nv 
iii. : ffttullish's PriSA-.ory >'ot« to repoMteotlen •(_ 
lUfotntioii of GcasLiuuisfli.] W. (i. B.| 

FEBGUSONj JiVMES (</. 1706). of 

makoUy and Ktrtomhill, Kmcar^i: 
majoTifeaeral, colonel of thu Ci 



.'n-'hir 



■ergtison 



343 



■er^son 



» 



p 



I 



m^aient, ww tliinl wa of William Forgu- 
•OD, laird of UadifiiTTOW, who repKwented 
Inverurie iu tlie first Scottish wrliametit 
nlWr the IWstoration, ntmein bcn-a for il« tie- 
aoutraiiTe loyalty u the ' driinkeD pulift- 
nent.' Jamra was a jouna^r brotlier of Ito- 
burtFergtisoD'tlii?Plott«r'[q.r.1 Hfianpnn 
(It Uuvl- cntrrMl tiiH SooU bcigada in tD« puy 
of HoUuid, probably u e gmtlcmun toIuih 
Unr,w]iu) tinu) during the retin) of Charli-x II. 
His first comniiafion, that of qiiart«miaat«r 
in Coloael Uscdonald'e battalion of the bri- 
gade, wiwtUtml \'i June 11)77. H^ Im-oiuiu; 
«nsign in liti^ hattivJIon in Snptembnr 167i}, 
and lieutenant in l-'ebruaiy ltiti2. liis b«t- 
lalioD was ont of t.hctsc broiif^ht ovtT to En;;- 
land in ItiSA at tbu tim<^ of MonoioutliH re- 
bfillion. He becatnc captain in 1687, and in 
1688 Uudud with William of Uimnov at Ton 
h»j. IfU r^mMit,lbnii known an Italfour'ft, 
afterwards as Laudi-r's, wna ontj of those first 
landftliand »i>an afli-r dcHgnnloltisl from Lnn- 
■dun to L<-ith uiideT MarKar. The fight at 
Killiccrankie, where he is eaid t« have been 
taken prinoiii.M-, li-ft- bim a refpmentat nuuor; 
and in March ttJi.>0 lie was despatched hy 
Gon«nkl Ma«-t(ity. who di^chbcd him as 'a 
reoolutc, wtU-aiflvctcd officer,' in whom dis- 
cretion and dilisence be bad full reliance, at 
thu head of six tiundrod men, to ruduce the 
western ialMi,a iMrvice he accoaiplishod «atia> 
factorilr with the aid of th'J Olaspowauthori- 
ti>!)ian<lth4'o>-'ipt>nili<iti of ('n[ituin Potlingvr 
«>f llw rfartmnutb frigate n-'i;R<iimo<t,pp. lh~ 
10), In 1092 he was Wk in the Low 
4'TonntritrA, and wnii pn'tvnt with his r«ffi- 
nu>ni (Lauder's) at the battle of Hteenkirk. 
A fvw ilayn after, on 1 Ao^. Ui&i, he was 
a|>pniniod liciirf-nant-fiolonel of Monro's (late 
Angus's, now the lit Cameronian^ Scottish 
riflw)) which at tbe time was in Dut«h pay. 
Pei^nsOD led thv regiment ut the balllv of 
l<airaen and at the nwga of Namur. On 2Fi A tig. 
10&3 ho had bit* n appointed to the colonelcy, 
which lie hi^M upto his <Wtb. Owinv tnlhi.i 
rodnctiuna aAcr the pitace of Kyswick the 
ragimi'nl wn.« ntftinM in llolund, but in 
DMODbtT 1700 it was Anally UMufemd to 
tlui Britivh senrice,andwa8 Brought toScot- 
land. I'VrKuaon had meanwhile married and 
l)een left a widower, and bad acquired the 
«Mat«* of Balmakelly and Kirronhill.on Ihv ' 
Kincnrdiaesbirn) bank ufthe North E«>k. I'er- ' 
jftuoD weut with kls r>mmenl to Holland 
snderMarlboKHtgh in 17C^2. InlTOdhewaa 
romiiiiind at Bo<ifle-I)tio (VHertogen- 
, with tht* rank of Iffigadier-geaml. 
caiupuign of 1704 be commanded a 
whioh hi\ the allack oh the heigbis 
illrnberg, and at Itlenheim shared wilh 
brigade the protracted fighting round \ 




lUn sLrtmgeet part of th« enemy's position. 
Almnt Ciirtstnjas the same year I'nrgnson 
] married his second wife. In the campaign 
of t bo year foUowinj; be had a brigade at the 
forcing of the enemy's lines in Drubant, and 
afterwards commanded, will) thu mule of 
ai^r-gvn«r&l, at Uoi«-lw-Uuc, where be <Ued 
very sudiienly — the family tradition aays by 
poison — onSiSOct. 17(K>. Anold manasmnr. 
stales that 'he Hurved in four tvigns, etiU 
maintaining the character of a bnkti', valinnt, 
and prudent officer, until, his fame rei.-iing 
eayy in the breast of tliw then corauiaudinff 
officer, he was cut off by very sinirt^r neuu 
(r'A. p. M). Contemporary wriCen are di»> 
cn.>etly silent on Ihts ugly storr, but all agree 
in regretting his loss as a bra\'e and ex- 
perienced othcer. lie was buried in iSt. Jan's 
Kirk, UoLs-Il^Duo, where thvru is a small 
tablet to his memory. 

FergutHin's first wife was Helen, daughter 
of Jani<-fl Drummondof Cuitmuliudii', I^rlh* 
shire, by whom he had a sou and daughter : his 
xecond, Hester Kliiab<'tb,diiughter of -Vbra- 
hnm ilibeli't, lui^tor of iho Walloon Church, 
survived him and remarried Captain lien- 
drik ChombAch. By her Ferguson had a 
daughter, who in I7W marriea M. tierard 
Vioit, udrocate, lkii»-Ii>-l>ue. Ferguson's son 
James euceocded him, and diod in 1777. He 
sold the estates of Ilalmaliellv and Kiilon- 
hill and bought tbocHi of Kinmuudy and 
Coyoach, Abardwanitliire (IIctkkb, Ltmded 
Gentry, 1886, ytA. L), now held by bts de- 
scendants. 

Thi? prewnt rMirMenhative of the fiunily, 
Mr. Ferguson, F.R.S., of Kininandy, has puo- 
lisbed a short bkigimphy of Major^neral 
James FeTvu«>n, from family Bour<»s (with 
portrait), which forms part of ' TwoScottiah 
Holdiers ' < Abetdecn, 1888). 

|B<ifIcL''a Lntulcd GiMitxy. ed. ISM, uadar 
' tVnpiMn "f Kiiitntimly;' J. Forgnsan'a Two 
Sooujah Solditsre (Abenleen. 1S88), pi. i. and 
Appeodix ; Thomas Carter's Hirtonftil Hocnrtbi 
of ih« 30tfa Oaigitrotiianx. In the Uttor work 
and in Marlboroagh Dosimldm tha aultecaof 
Ferenson are Tcrj fi»w ana lmporfMt.1 

u. M. a 

FERGUSON, JAMES (1710-1776). ae- 
tronoiner, WAS Imm at theCoreof Mayrn,ni<«r 
Itothiomay in ItanlTshire, no 25 April 1710. 
Uis father, JohnFcrguBon, was aday-labourer 
who renlixt n few acres of hind. By hij wife, 
Elapet Iiobban, he had six ditldren, of whom 
James wnt the Mn'')ud>lt>>m. James lauj^tC 
hiini*<>lf to rrad from his brother's eateebm, 
and bin fslher seal him at tbe age of loven to 
tbi' Keith gramiDar school for tnree montha, 
Hi« mechanical gi:niu9 was awskmed by so(^ 
iti^ his father employ a prop aud lever la raiso 



tb" fnlleti nxif of hit cutUigv. AVhfii nintt 
jeara otd he not only divine*) tlif nnnraplu 
uT the IvvvT, but uxtvoded it to the «-hwl nnJ 
•lie. A tiirning-Ul tic »od smitll knit« Riip- 

Slied him with the means of constructinii 
luarnttvo modelm; he made pen-and-ink 
nkvtclica, and wrote a alton account of bis 
•uupooMl duooTpries. A geutluniBn in the 
oolghbourbood harinf? sliuwn him a book 
in which tbev hud bovii unticiput'-d, F<*r> 
gutton WAA plnaed to find liiit principles 
oon«ct. Aud wa« coutiFmed in his bent f<jr 
merJianic^ 

In 17^ he woa put to sen-ioe, and kept 
ldiw»p durinv four yt^m, ■ladviniT l-ho »tani 
by night, and in the daytimf mnliing models 
ot' 8piiu]inc-wbe«>L<, twU, and mills. IHb next 
BHUter, Mr. Jnini^ Glaahan of Brae-hMd, 
fouod that after tiniehing hi* work he waa 
mapping theatanwitb the help of a stT^tcbed 
UiTvad and be«d» strung upon it. Uhistuin 
kindlr enMura^ed him, and often di I bis 
work that hu micbt havti timv to pureuu his i 
atudien. la 172ft, on tb« fxpiratiuii of his i 
tenn with GlaAhan, Tbomaa Grant of Arhoy- | 
naaev took him into hiti house and bad him 
tBngntfa]rbiabuthr,AlnxnndprCantl(>y, 'th« 
most extraordinarr man,' FerguKnuTotclung 
aftoTWunla, 'that I «vi<f waaacnuainird with, 
or pt>rbap« ever shoU sei>.' terffiwon could 
not br in<luC4^ to remain at AcboynBiwj , 
after Caiitli-yV doparturv, but went bomu ui ' 
ITIR). A short interlude of n'trrfation, kim-iiI 
in t be constrttclioD of a IcrrcEtrLal p'loht> from 
tliH diwcnwlifiii in (Icirdmr* • Cu<n)fmpliicAl 
Gnunnuir ^f'antley'a paniiig jriftl, wan fol- 
towml by u jwrioi! uf haril si'rvice, first with 
a lipplinit miller, thpn withamiiywiti-fiirm^r 
namod Young', ti-nninati-d in 173ii by a lom- 
jiorary fnilnm of hittlth. Hvn> 60 rundv 
a wooden cloc!^ and a walrh with wooclvn 
wliRvl* and n wlmli'hune ^riiijf. 

Ilia oflxl niovt' was lo Dnrn ITomw. where 
Sir J&mtw llunbar nUowrd him frvo quarlvr* 
nrbili' ho clotnt^'d clock* ond rppairrd domestic 
ehlnery about the 001111I ry. Two globulor 
'Mooes 8tifmountin|^l.h[>fntewtLT were painli^d 
b; tun to rvprvti-ni a tem-itrial and celwtial 

STobe, and were so nrrflli(p?d a« to »fi «» min- 
iaXf. I<adr Dipplo, Sir Jum'.>B Ounlnr's aisiftr, 
tlu>niwt him lodritw paltt^nm for i-mWii dory, 
which came into rogue in the iif igbbniirhofMl, 
and bfoui;ht him in moui^y enoutfli lo BSHlat 
hiAparivnla. I'ii'^or'.^ of laoe ttiichcd fromlln-m 
weru shown in BanSshire as late aa I7i*0, and 
WrP-nftid to be' very hiiautiful.' ilia [vunuit 
of Btar'gaziu)!: wa^ nut meanwhili! abandoned. 
Induced by the promise of acoeas to ■ Jarffa 
librorr, be paid a vi«il of uixbt montliH to 
Lady I>ippl«flaon-iii-law. Mr. Williiim llaird 
of AucliauddBD in Abordoi3nslure,amiiiiat.ure 



half-Ieniitthioirtmitof whom,»x>^utiHlhyF(fr- 
giiHin in Indian ink in the Hummi-r of I iXt, u> 
■till in tli« poNWvaton of Mr. l'nM>>f of Fin- 
dnwk. In April 1731 Ladv Dipple t<v>)c hna 
with ber to Edinburgh, deaiKning to fi«t him 
tninM a« an artist, and tboufili he IajW to 
procure inAtructioii. b« made his wa^ a* a 
inrt mil-painter. Amonft bis ntllcna wne 
L>adyJau«UougU«. undhi^riii ' ■■ Ma^ 

chioneta of DousUd, and lhi-< ri<ii<d 

him 80 clfACtuam that ho bad s<".d ah modi 

10 do aa Iiv could msitag*. ' Thua,' h« tw- 
morlu, ' a buiinean waa put into zaj handa 
which I folluwfid tor twenty-six jeus.' 

lliA altvntiun wax dtrnrli^I lowardii ana* 
tomy and phvnir. and bo left Kdinburirh ia 
SeplombMr liStt.with Ih" %-)«w of 4ettlln^as 
a mmlical proi'titionnr in hi« native placr. 
Failing in thU be resumed hia painting at 
Irn'omoas. IaMAyl7itD hemarrit'd Isabella, 
daughter of Ci«orge Wilson of Cantley. In 
1740 ho waa the gueM, at Cattle I>owm», < 
Simon, lord I>jvai, whoa* porl rail by hun 
preaenred at Abertarff, Inv«niM»«hirH. 

Reverting to his earlier tatte«, FergiuoaJ 
Ciwitrivwl at Inverness tliv * antrwnomicitl n>- 
tula ' for Bhowing the p\acts of sun and mnon 
on each day of the yL»ar, the tim«4 of wlipeoa, 
motionsof Ibir plancl*, Ae. Colin Maoluorin 
[q. v.], then profeuior of matb«matiro in the 
universilyof l'>linhurgh.procurt<l aftubaeriiH 
tion for i(» publication, and F«Tgu»oa whu 
tu Kdiiiburuu early in 1742 for the purpoM 
ofhavinff tliii plates pngnivrd. Sevural im-^ 
itniMiouii -n-fw «>hi, hut Llw cluuige of *tyU 
m 1 762 1 hrcw the invent ion out of daip. Hil 
tir«t orrery ■waa oonni rwt««l in 174"i, in imij 
tatioii of one in ^larlimrin's poMession, ohnwi 
to him unopened. By special rwiu'«t he rw 
n Wtim> upon it b*ffiir>> MnrliiiiHnV pupils. 
HmnlliT planetary machine with ivor\' whiN>l 
mode by him n year lalor, wwi aold in 1 
don lo Sir PiiJley Ryd<T, imd i» now 
stissed by his descendant, the Earl of 
rowby. 

AAur llie death of liia paienia lie 
with his wife for l,Andon on 21 May 1T4J 
Tbronjrh Borvin EiJlin's n-cuinmundaiion. 
fiMiiiii there 11 cordial protector in Sir Hl«|die 
PoynU, who at once emtiloyed him to pan 
portmita uf hi* wifr uiiil childn-n, nnd pr 
curi'd him plenty of cusKimf re. Sci»>n(ifioPul 
jwtd, howKVtT, chiefly oc^iipi^d his thought 
Struck with th^ ideik that the moon's orli 
mu«i always be conenvo tn the eun, lie ' mad 

11 si'oplc ntaehino,' he t'-ll« Ui>, ' for dolinMl 
in)f both tier jvath and the enrth'f on a 

fiper laid ou the tl<}or,' and carriotl 1 
[urtin Folkcprcsidcnt oftlM? Koyal T 
Folk-'.* took bioi lo exhibit it at the- It 
Society. One of the members, a watc 



nuned ElUcott, convinced him that he bad 
n-ac)i«] the snine result twenty yean pn»- 
viounly. They became! fut fri«itd(i. At tbe 
president's request Femuoa publubed iit 
I746b lurge enfrnvinffor cbii cune geni>nt«cl 
by bis 'trajectoriuiu funart.' 

illu firat literary atteinpt waa in a nuii- 
pliJcl on 'Th*' L*M) of a npw Orrorr,' print«!d 
in 17Mi, to which cuoctwdeJ in the folluvring 
^enr'A]>ia»erlaLtan iijmmi tbe Pbr'nnnu'na (» 
iht? Uarrmt Mooii.' In a paper 'Ou thu 
I'h'-iiaitu'nii of Vmm, n-)>n'.K>!tit<-i! in iiri (>r- 
ivrr, ■jTTi't'able to tbe Obitervnlionn of Sigrior 
KtMuliini* {I^il. Tmiw. xliv, 127), be di?- 
brribMl biiforu llto Roval Society on 20 ^[arch 
174tt tbe coone of t^ aeasoiui on Venus re- 
rultin^frotnasuppoiVil rotation in 34^ day«, 
on an axi* iiitliiieii lb" fri^ni ihv pcrpcoJi' 
cular; and on H Mbv 1747, 'An Improve- 
ment of Ihv Cuk-iitiul t^Iubu' (i'£. p. &S-J ). In 
April 174*! lie enttrrfil upon lii» c«n^r oa a 
popular scientific teacher and lecturer, chone- 
^^ inff for hiH thrnin llm t>nlar vclijwieof 14 July 
^K|0. S.) I74S. His later conmos, dclirerM in 
^f I bf> provinces as well us in London, covered 
' & wide ran^ ni eTpcrimcntal scii'ncp. Tho 

t chief part of the tllustruliTC appamtua wait 
invonied and conslmclcd hy Limself, and 
BevenUofhi«niadiiuu«k<.'ptnpirruiHn«iit{)lae(i 
in tile lccttir»-room. Among bis inveniioua 
(betide* eight umirius) wero n tide-dial, a 
* wMrlintT'toble' fur di»pUyin|; tlir nto<lK of 
M-tion ufi^nt ral forrwi, ine* mecknninil pant- 
idox,'nndvmnou»l(ind« of «u>lrononii{-al clocks, 
tBfelUr fin<l lunar rotiila^. Ilif) 'AeAaona il- 
luatraiur,' invented in J714, became indi5- 
[feuaabln to tocltirer« ou aMronomv. Ilis 
'rcIipsnrcon'foT showing the lime, duration, 
■nd i{uanttly of notar eclipses in all parts of 
(Iw Mirtbf wnn de*crihcd bi-fore the Itoral 
■ietyonilFeb. ITM <t6.xlviii.r.a>; ii^nt. 
lag. I7f)0, p. \A'A\, a sew hrftiometer on 
lXo». I7tM (Iftit. 7raw.Uv.i6tt).Lii!'um- 
rerral dialling cylinder' on '2 July 1707 (tb. 
Ivii.StW). He Icetun-d in 17^:^-3 on the re- 
of the frnb'iidar and tin- liiiiiir p>;lipite 
'of 17 April ]7ih'i, and woe coll(>cting mu>ui- 
Vbil« materinU fur bin Iwmt work. 
^■^ FerfTuann's ' Astronomy e^xplitined on Sir 
^Bliuuu: NewlonV Principle*' wiu published 
in July I'^fti, and roi-t with imffl«diaio and 
ompleto siicreuM. 'I'bi' fir»t itwio was ex- 
iliauiit'-il in n year; the tbirt«e&th edition, 
eVLsed by lln^Trnar, ap|iaarDil in 1811, and 
tie didusiid for flueeMMTH r«t>rinta did not 
[iCoaiO until ten veoTK InttT. It wai> liuia- 
itttd into Sw-fii"!] and (ieruum, and long 
faxoluiled oili-r inviiImM on Uiraanu* subject. 
' JtbnuffU i^imtniriini; no iheorstical DO^'ally. 
manner and miMhwl of ita lyxpociliona 
ratirely original. Aatraoomiflal pbo> 



Domena vsete for tlui first lino de^^ribed 
in ftimilinr lanKuof^. I'be book formed 
Hurschel'A introduction In oc-lestial sciunco. 
Fervusou was nowtatnuu*, but be was still 
noor. In the Rmi. editi<^n of hij* ' Agtronomy* 
tie advertised himself as teaching tbe uae of 
lbof;l'>br«fortwo^iueiis,and ' di:awing iiic- 
turea in Indian ink ou vellum ai a guinea 
apiece, frum« and glass incliidf*d,' but I'oiliug 
cyvaight bcnn to hinder artistic employ- 
mcut. On 17 Jan. I'lV^ ht- iuipartud tu tua 
ICev. fVlexaudt^r Irvine of Klgin hin tboiighta 
of Eoua U-aviug I^uidun on uccouiil of the 
i:Xut>iLMi iif li'k 111^ tlu're. Some rrlief 'wu 
adurdedby the sale, for 300/., of the reniaiu- 
iiig co|>yright of his book, and an inters 
view with the Prince of Walws taflcnrarda 
tleortEe 111) at ]>eice«ter House, on 1 >lay 
17&^^ filially dttcided him to maintain bis 
poaition. 

'Franklin's clock' woa in 17db turned into 
•Fi>T:gu«Mi*flclock'(n)inatnbM«diusa korulo- 
gical curiosity), by an improvement to which. 
the original inventor's assent hod been ob- 
laiiivd during hU vifil l(> l,«cidou in 1757; 
and in 17liO renfu^on's ' I>>cture3 on Select 
Subjects ill Mechanics, Hydrostatics, Pneu- 
mutir-s and OpTicii,' wi-n- publidipd with a 
dedication lo l^ince Edward. A sevuaih 
edilioti of this popular book appeared in 
17!>3; lln>w6ter's rvviaioii la. letCvi gavo it 
frmb vttslily; traniilatioiu into several lau- 
gUHBL-s and rvpL-uled impn.-«(Fion« in Anverira 
further alleAttnl itit valut-. Tim nullior r«- 
ceived nlioui 350/. for the copyright. 

In Ftibniarv 1761 ho t)uhli»!ied a pamphlet 
enlitlMl '.'V I'lain Melnod of IK'icnnining 
the I'amllax of \'eiius by her 'I'raoait ov«r 
the Sun,' including it revised translation of 
Hiilley's mpmoir of I7in, and aceompaoiod 
by a map of ingresses and egresK* nuMoUofl 
on that of Delislc. It wus apneudcd lo later 
edition* of his * Astronomy. He himself 
observed the transit with a sis-foul rellector 
from (lie top of thv British Mufieuu {AddU. 
M.S. .No. 444U, f. any lie aluigetUr lea 
olT port rail-painting in 17(!0, but a penainn nf 
UU.nynirwasgrantnil lo him by Geo r^ III 
in 1761, and he received gifts front per- 
sona of dislinciioti. That Ins lectures were 
fairly profitabli:^ anjiHirs from tho stateokeot 
I lint he cleared iwl, during a tour of aUL 
weeks to Batb and Ilrielol m the fipring of 
1704t. UtMUOcefsfuI aa a candidato for a 
clerkship lo Ihe lEuyal fiodnty in January 
17f}8,he WBSihuwuvvr, oa21 Not. following, 
vlnctwl a fpllow, and ' on account of liia sin- 
gular merits and of bin circtunatancM ' u* 
cussd thr> cuslomary payments. 

On 17 Nov. 1763 be prtMunted lo the Royal 
Society a project ion of the paniat aohir adipaft 



— "■■■ 



Ferguson 



346 



•erguson 



ef 1 April ITlU.sliowiiitf iu titd6Uidph«N» 
at Oreimwich (PJiit 7mn#. liii. 240). He 
otiMBTwl thsmrent nr LivRrpnol (ih. IW. lOf-). 
In 1787 lis reruited HcnllaiiJ, ami al tulin- 
biuwb iMucuted iminut^l^ whh WiUiara 
Bticliui [ti. V.'', anlhor of ' rkmicmtiv M<:hI>- 
eiotf/ ana Dr. l.ind.tliAeliytncian, Keaoon 
aft«rwuds tntnxluced n li'ciure on electri- 
eitT tntn his cnune. One of hw miHl popnUr 
works, 'The Young Gentlemnn'ii nnd Ijidjr'* 
Astronoioj,fKini)iarly explained in T«n Dia- 
loRUM batwMfi KMndcr aikI Eadonui.' wm 
pODlisbed in lTtL8. It in wrilten with iiich 
elMraeM th«l, u Madame d(> Opnlia n- 
marlied,* r child or tvii j-oanold nuy under* 
»tAud it perfoctir &ou one end to th« 
otlHir' Tll' iiitorioputOTB wprwent Fptru- 
Mti bimiic-lf uut lii.i (pft'Hl |iii)>i] Anm- Km- 
blin, ■iterwurdfi thn wifi- or Mr. C'apel Lolll, 
whii lioDM entJtied hit po«tD on tlie itnimss 
(178l)'Biido6ia.* 

From 1768 George III often invited Fer^ 
gQson to interviews trith bim to discuss mo- 
obanic). Earlr in 1769 liv n'pnutml k paper 
communicuteil si;t y«an earlier to the Rofo] 
Society undur tliv title 'A Delineotiou of 
tbe IVaiiNit of Vcnim nitp»rtnd in lliu Ynar 
1760 * (i&. liii. SO). WiB iMtufM at New- 
eairtli'^n-Tvnti in 1770 were tialroDiM>d by 
I>r. f lutton, who vaa surprised to lum ^m 
him that he wns nol only i|{noniDt of (feo- 
metrv, but incApnblt^ of kpprclu-ndinfr n fife<H 
metrical demonstrotioc (lltiTtoN'. Traftt,\ii, 
37U). Conviction of thi^ truth of n proposi- 
tion WM att&iiui1)le by him oulv tlirouizh 
noa9Ui«inent of tho roiMtruclion tor proving 
it. On x\iv L*oneIu»ir>n of his L'^Mim; nt Derbv 
in tbe autumn of 177^, hn vbiiled thn pMik 
district, and read before the Royal Society 
on 10 Nov. on aecuiint uf lbi> Duvil's Cave, 
aulweque-ntly pnbliahed a» a tract. Hi* scAt- 
tacvd papers w«re ctdlected in 177S into a 
voluinti rntitlrd ' Srlt'Ct M<<cbanicnl I'I:ter- 
CJaes' (4th ed. 182:1), the partial antobio- 
^raphv prefixed to which is the chief source 
of infonnation tvgardinf^ his early life. He 1 
was interrupt*^ in iu composition by the , 
death of hia wife, of consumption, on U Sept. ' 
1773, M tbe ag« of G2. Hih domeittc Affairs , 
were thenoeferward cared for by his staler 
Jtnrt, who had come to London to attend * 
On Mr«. ^■■rg'UMin. His own l»'al<b, never 
robust, snon after be^n to decline ; yet be ' 
lectured in Londiiiti,mtb,and Bristol in 1774, 
and wTOt<>, in 1775, 'Tb« Ait of Drawinj? in . 
Pnvpective made easy lo tfaow wLo have 
no preriou* knowledf^ of ths Mathematics,' 
■of which live editions appeared prtrviotis lo 
Br»wBter's in 18^. Ue died at 4 Ilult t-'ourt, 
FlMt Str«ot. on 10 Nov. 1770, opt-d 00, and 
vu bmiod in the churchyard of St. UaJryl** 



booe. llis intellect remained undowMfkod 
bis Upa moved in prayer 10 ttw lastv 

In spiia of hi» apparent poverty ho died 
worth abont B,000/. The plea of a ramil 
iMacyfrom a distant r«lativ» {Gmt, MngT 
17( 7. p. 1081 luu iilil" to support it. 1« 
HonlMoa of Liverpool, who knew him istt 
matelv, t«atifies to his amiabilitv, simplicity,^ 
and aMenoe of pi-dflnrvy { Ann. itefut^r, tir. 
S3). He adda that he waa * unhappy in his 
family ronnectiona.' * 8onw>wb«r9 aoout tfaa 
year 1770/ it ix ebuwhere related, 'while 
Ferguson woa delivering a lec>ur« 00 astro* 
nomy to a London andi^u, his wife enteral 
and malicioualy overtamed -•-'-■'' ■,--^i^oS 
hia a{^>arattu. Ferguson, 0)' <i- c*- 

taatropbe,milyremaTk«] tbe •.'.:., . 
" IjOilirtsoniii^ititlemcn, 1 bare the miitf 
to be. married to this woman " ' ( 'fke ,~ 
36 Nov. 1837). 

His onl^v daughter, Agnea, deembi-d 
elegant, vivacious, and lenrned, siiddt-nljr d« 
nrtod liitr Csther in 1 76.% wbeu in her ^'if^ 
leenth vear, aiid was nvvorsgain beard of b 
biin. 'the doctor who attendivl her in he 
Uat illnuia left the mieorabLQ otor)- of he 
life scribbled on the fly-leaf of a tract t 
the British Uuaetun. After a diarvpuiabl 
career sb* died of consinnpliou in n gurteQ 
near CbariTW Cmea, 27 Jan. 1702. 

FergUBoaa eldest »»n. Jaiii>-K,a voung inai 
of some proniM, dir^l, liln'wiite of con-^ump^ 
lion, (HI aO Nov. I77li, it the npe of twentyJ 
four. Two yoanger sons wen; irainM a* 4ufi_ 
geon» at AbenlMtn, but one never pracitBed,^ 
nnd tbe other failed in hia ptofeuuoD ; n>nt' 
left \vx\w. 

Four original portrailaof Ferguaon are 1 
tant ; thebrat, a meaaotiht by Townscnd,! 
engraving from whidi by Stewart wna pu 
li«Tii>icl in T)weml»er 1770, and was prefix«1 1 
177fl to the set^nnd edition uf lus 'Sclw 
Mechanical Exercises.' It curm^P'Mida 
with Andrew Reid'sdwcription of his 1 
about 177-1, 'Mr. Ferguson bad a rery seA 
appearance, face and brow a liltbi wrinVledi 
he wor* a large full gtufT wig, which gai " 
him a venerable look, and modo him to af 
older than he rvally was' (Uk^debbox, 
Iff Ffnjiuian. p. 4S3). 

FerguaoaagiuUmeritaiaf'-^ ■' * 
lay in olearoess, both of tboi' 
and in tlta extreme ingenuity v. .. '.. .. .... ;. :.y j 

meana of machines and diatframa be bmugUTJ 
the eye to help the mind of \he leaiiMr*' 
HaitOQ i«eori>i$*.>d bis * very oncommoa g»> 
nius, eepeciuly in mechanical oontriTanoM 
and ezocation:!.* Brewster eoundeml htm 
oa * in »oi»e degree the 6nt elemcntarrwritar 
OS lutoral philoaophy* (FreiaM tofUMO* 



Ferguson 



347 



Ferguson 



ttiD WDrk« nlrundir mi-alioniii hu 
I. ' An Idfji of Uie M«l«riiiJ Uai- 
verae dcdacetl from a Sun-ey of the Solar 
Snt«m/ London, 17M. 2. ' AnlTunomieal 
Ikblo* and Preonpu rorCakulatin^ tbe true 
'Rom of New and Full .Mwjm,'&c., I7(i:i 
8. * AjoalraU of a Coutm; of Lorl iinvA on Me- 
diaiuc*, Poeuinatiu, 11^ drostscicj, Spberics, 
aud AitroooiDy,'lT&3,Mbed. X774. 4. 'Bup> 

« lenient to Lectures on Si>lv«r Subjects,' 1 7(w. 
. ' Tablw and Tracts relative to Bevenl Arts 
and Sdeneea,' 1707. 6. * Introduction to 
Electricity,* 1770. 7. * An Aceuuut of a ite- 
tiiarkAblf Fii>b, Lokenin tlte Kin^iload^ncar 
Briatol' {Phil. Traiu. liii. 170). e. ''flio 
Description of a N«w iind Saf« ('rmne ' {tb. 
lir. 34>. 9. > Bhort and Euy Methods fur 
Finding the tjuantily of Timi; oout^iinwl in 
mnj^Tcn numbttr of Mean I.unatian».' j;:e. 
{it. It. 61). He wrote the astronomical part 
ofOutbrit^'s'GeoerBphicalUraminar'in 1771 
ISrduditiont.Buu tvprintxd in 1775, with tbe 
addition of a third, two ' Letters to the Kcr. 
John Kennedy,' oririnally publitfacd a« a 
criliqui' of KvnnedTi) ' jViitrononiical Cbro- 
nolo^ ' in the 'Critical Itoviavr ' for May and 
June J'rtS. The pn-aler part of Fergiuon'H 
laiaoeUaneou^ vrilinf^ were collected and re- 
mUished by Brewster in 1823, with the tittu 
'Fetffuaon'a Ktuys.' Hi-i ' Commcoplaoo 
Boov dUeoTered at Edinburgh in lUtlo, in- 
clude*, with a copioufl recori) of m'^rhnnteal 
OODlrivanetM and calculatioun. his drawiugs 
of Tttnarkable Hun-^ta in I7ti8 and 1709. 

[Life of JaruM FersQaon. F.R.S., by Ebsnetiir 
Hrodcnoa, LL.D., 1867; 2nd ad. 1870. Frr- 
gvaoo'i 'SlwK Anxnint' of hiN aarlinr yron 
(171(MSV hen raprint«d vtth notw aad iI1b»> 
tmtitjWL IS sapplMMOtsd with an ' Eilecid*d ULr- 
anir,' giTing all availablo details of liis vircun- 
KaacM and inTenlMxis dovn to the lime of his 
<tn»th. Sm alao Nirhulii's Lit. Aiwedalca, ii. 
432; HaUonV lUathuaiaUval Dki. 1815; R. 
Qhambcn's l-^ia«ntSeotatnfin ; Brewster's Gdi&b. 
ti. 2B7 (bioKmpby), xvt. ttlJO. 629 (pla- 
tBocbiiiri); 0«nt. Mag. alti. 031. xlvii. 
Walt's Uibt. Brit.; Dalambre's Uixu de 
'Aslr., p. SSO. SlByh^w*!) Ntory of ihs Peunni 
Boy Fhitompher (tSjM) U foundsd OD tbe early 
lifs of FerCBsoo.] A. M. C. 

FBRGTISOX. .LVMliS FUEDERIC 
I HOi - 1 Hri.'i t, lri>b nntiijiiary, wn* born at 
liarbntoo, South CaroIinA, in IM)7. We 
was of Fnndi descent, hie father bnvinK 
n onA JaequM Fr6dAr>c Jatjupmain, a n«> 
of (.'onbrai. Duritic the time of Ihe . 
Tolatiun Jaqunmain lafl Franott and settled 
LaDdaOi onaioin^ the name of Ferguson 
179S. Six years later be went (o America, 
In l&OO Iwcamc ilirputy-pontmuter of 
'ort in South Carolina, when* be rMidwd 



Qkambi 
■TAMr., 

^Bo* Ph 

lif 



till 1)?12. After tbo death of bis wife, an 
Ku^li^b lady, Jiujunmain went to Ijondun, 
where he beoamc? a teacher of lanruagea. 
Sul»«(]uently be ei*tatilii»bed u nchool in St. 
Stepben'n Green, Dublin. In 18:*A he pub- 
lifibe<l a voluoie of Italian traQslations Iron 
the claa.iic poets. Jamca Frederic Fn-rpiisoa 
the younger acooDipaDied bis father to l>ul^ 
lin in WM, and some vears later was en- 
gaged on h^alf of Lord ^ogaland in endea- 
rouring to recover (or (hat noblesuui thu 
Kini^uind e«tatea. Ilis effort* were partially 
successful, aud ho next became a collaborator 
with Lynch, author of ' Feudal Digniliea in 
livlaud,' in arranging the voluminous neries 
of *Iri»li lli-C'ircln. Vnlunble and rxtenjiive 
coIlectioDa of doeumentA were formed, uyraa 
of which iifti^rwerds paued into the library 
of Sir William Betnun. Ferguson's tnost 
important work was the iikdexiiu; of the entire 
bodyof'ExcLequorReoordfl'in^land.whtch 
he completed unassisted. The indexes wen 
purehnacd by the goTemmant in order to be 
permaueucly depocitod in the court of exdie- 
<|^uer. Id 18S0 Ferguson was appointed clerk 
and secretary to a oonimiflBton for amn^in^ 
the records of the Irish courti^uud thieullice 
he held until ita abolition two years later. 
By diiection of tb« chief baron, be coutinued 
in charge of the records from the time of the 
oeesstion of the commissiom until bia death. 
On one occasion he undertook at his own ex- 
pense a jonroey to Switierland, in order lo 
recover some Irish records in the collection 
of a Suabian baron. These rucords proved 
to belong to the Irixb emiri of kin^V bnnch 
in the reign of Edward I, and it wsa nur- 
miaed that they had Iwvn purloiued in the 
reign of George I when Addison was keeper 
of the recortu in the Bermingham Tower. 
Fer^Aon pumbaiH^l thi-ni at bia own cost, 
and n?stored ihem lo the Irish Record Office. 
In 1S44) Ferguson published 'Remarks on 
the Limitationit of Actions Bill intended for 
Ireland; tof[ether with short rAtracIe from 
.\ncicnt Records n^lating to AdTOwaonK of 
<.%urehcs in Ireland.' To the ' IVansactiuns 
of the Kilkenny Arflueoloffical Society ' bo 
eommunicaU'd a calendar of tbe contents of 
Uie ' Ited Book' of Ihi; Irioh exehi^qiiwr: and 
lo the ' OentlemaiiA Magaxine ' (January 
181SA) he comtnuniraliid a d<-i>cripl ion of tbo 
ancient drawing of the court of c-xchi'^uor, 
oontnined in tbe above manuscript cal<3iidar. 
In tbe 'Topographer and Ounealooist ' he 
communicated the account of Sir TohyCaul- 
feild reilatire to tbe Earl of Tyrone and ntlwr 
f\igjtivea firom Ulsl>.trin 1010; a curious .teriea 
of notes on the exactions anciently incident 
to tenures in Ireland ; a list of the casUsa^ 
Ac.,in Ireland in I070,witbanDt»oaheanb- 



^ssimm 



Ferguson 



348 



*erguson 



ButtKFT: and a EiniruUr tlncuineot of S Ed- 
M-ant II, n)lmtiv« to ■ ccmtost batwaMi tho 
kin^a pnrreyora and the secnlar clergy of 
MmUi. F^rguwD furtli*r«MitrilHiu-<lt«itliif 
* Gentleman '« Moj^azinA' twt> imnnitant ar- 
ticles OD tbo ne^lect^ etnte of the liisb Stat** 
lb-cords 4 1 8*>t-4 >, and a paper on the impub* 
lUlK-d Matuies of Irvtand (ISfiJi). At hie 
docoaav bv l«rt incomplete a tnuuUtion of 
th« ' Xonnan-FrencL Chronicle of the Con- 
aiMst of Jrvland,' wbkh M. Michel edited 
mm ft inanuMcript in thtr librarv of I^mbcth 
Folaee. tVrgiuon died on 30 Kov. IS5&. 
[Geot. Hag. 1856, i. IUI-2.] Q. B. R. 

KEROUSON, J( IHX ( 1787-1850), foun- 
der of Lliu Forguiion Lwtjueat, was bvni ut 
Irvine, Arriiliiro, S8 F«l>. 17'^. Hi* fnlb«r, 
Williotn r'er^uMm, wt» ■ iihipnuu>l>ir oftliU 
nurt, and his mother, Mnrr, was tJi« ontj 
daughter of John >S«r\'icc of Holtns of Coaf, 
a BDiaU property neair Dairy in Ayrthire. 
Tht> ScrvKca wer« an Ayrahire fiunily, some 
of wbom had bocu luodera i>f inonvy. The 
father of Mary Service followed tliia profe^- 
flion, and vriia a nmn of penurious habitft and 
jKcviiih t<im]i<!r. Ilia aona one afl«r aiiuthei 
left- him for ^Vraerica, where they were undL>r 
thi* shvltvr of au unelv. Ferguson vns rtlw 
catod At Ayr, was for some time in a hankir'n 
office, weol to Amerifo in conni.-clion with 
thv utlikirsnf one of hi-'« uncles, roturn«^ n-fter 
four years, and in 1810 settled with his 
luother At Irvine. Hho Micce«dcd to larj^e 
HiUM u» thi! doBt b »f her broUier Geortre and 
then of her father. The fort ime of (Im Ferffn- 
Kon^ wns inctvascd by iIil' di.'atb in \S:iS of 
Buother uncle, vfUo l«ft :;00,000;., and of a 
third who died in ]8li> and left 4OO.0OO/. 
The»u brothers ircviu to hiivu had no aim iu 
life but to ftmass money. Ferguson, by hia 
sagacity aud knuwltKl^u of the tnuo^y mai^ 
h<!t, iiu'reusMl I be fiin.u:io, tillat liia dt«lb it 
umounied to l,'J17,5I4/. 140. 5d. He wa;^ a 
man of somevrhikt ordinary r.hanictvr, unde- 
cided, waa ne^'er married, and for tho last few 
yeftrftof his life lived incoinparativenecliuion. 
Aiivr consulting; wirh .Mr. John ITcndenwn 
of i'ark, a widl-known merchant of (^liuigow, 
who was hia iatiitutte friond and actetl aa his 
prtratu banker, and Mr. Matlhvvt' Moatoo- 
tniTy of Kfivinwd-*, ho devotud the reiuaue 
of luB property, aAer pmridio); for family 
kvAciw and nuddntf other provisioitx, lu the 
objCiCtH of what is known aa the Ft^wison 
Bequest Fund. The sum available for it was 
no lr«s thnti 40U,0U0/. The irusl'.:*^ won 
ituttruclL-d to derate the tni^resv • towards 
the maiati'uaiice and pramotiofi of religioufl 
ordiuancoa and education and misaianary 
oferationa : in the tin>t instauca in the county 



of Ayr, Btcwmrtry of Kirk'Midbriglil, ami 
cminUvn of Wivton, Laiinrli, Iteuiivw, a»i 
Pumbarion.' lliiswaa to be dooe hymetut 
of pavrnvota for tho er«c>>on and Buppon af 
rhurclii^a and schonla, oth^ than paruk 
churches and Bcbools, in connection witli 
the quoad sacra chiirchM of tb« eatahlJAbed 
church ot Scotland, the free church, ih* 
united prvabylvriau church, the 
prcsbTlerian church, and the Ci ^ 

or ifitiqwudent chur\,-li,all in iScotland. 
admininlraiion of thii fund wad conimt 
to a pomuuieiit body of trurtee*. of whom 
three were to be of the MtAbliabed church, 
four of the frae, Ibur of the united preabr- 
t"rian, one of the nfforDnl pre»hvterian,ai>d 
one of the independent church. AtDoag tlw 
parpoaea to whii'h ili<* Fi*ri^i»on trtuttewad^ 
rolod anoth'T part of Kc-rguflon's estar-e n 
the fouiidinf; of scholarshipe in connec*' 
with the Scottish uniTcn<iti<>ii. TbeM 
ejx iu number, of the annual valu<; of SOt, 
each, tenable for two years — one for cla 
au'^hfr for mathematical, and the t' ' 
|ifiihiiu>|thieAl fiiiinence. The »cho _ 
may be competed for by atudenca of any 
the Scottish univnnutifK who have token 
df'gree of M.A., or hare qtioUfied for t 
dejjrve within the two yvtira prvcodiug. TI; 
iidininijitrnlion of th^ fund i<t oonduoted 
the pt^rmaiieut trustees under ibe auperi 
tendency of Mr. Matthew S. Tail, by whc 
an aunoal report ia prepared and eubmiu< 
to the trustees. 

Forg^aon ai^^idd his will at Uloagow on 
2-JS«iii.l8ftn,iind w»on afterhishealtk b 
to fail. It ia Raid that after this he got 
frii'tid to make up a ntJitfiwiil. of hia 
pi^rtv, and when tht- awoiiiit waa atati 
nearly a million and a quurtvr ho could n 
h>-]ievt> it lo be hO much. Ilrdied onH Jan. 
1 fiJ}6, having nearly completed his lUiT-DiiiLb 
year. 

[Iteport to th« TrntMs of the Penrinoii B«- 
quflst Fimd, botng a Narralin of the F'jnnniiui 
aiid I'Mt OpamlioDS of lbs TniM, with a HkiAcl 
of Mr. Ftnnwon's l.ife ami of th« Serrios 
Family, by M. S. Tail, tniienutviiilnttt of ths 
FuftfJ. GlAiiftow. I»83.] VT. Q. B. 

FEROOSON, PATItrCK (17*4-1780) 
brevet iieutenaot-eolonel, major 7lrt Hig 
landers, inventor of the first hnNschload" 
riHe used in iht- British aniiy, bom iu 
waamconilaimof JnmesFfrguBonofPi' 
Aberdeen.<<hire, a aenator of the Col" 
Justice and onii of the lonb rommi 
of justiciary for Scotland, by hut wiftf, 
Anne Murray, dausbler of A ]t'\flnd.*r,( 
lord Klibantc. H>> vta-i tnught fortifii 
sunncry, Jta, in a military academy in 
don, aud on I'i July 1769, beCorD he 



m 



Ferguson 



349 



Ferguson 



I '■" 



fifteen, was ajinoiDted DOfnot in tlio ro^sl 
Uortli llhti»li ilrngimn* or S(!oU jfreyi, witb 
which he tnide a camiwignin Oormuiy. He 
fell atck BOOH afur, and tiLa fru-ndu, aif^inat 
hi* villi, DMOured his tnosfer to tb«« li^ht 
tioop of the Ki;un«Dt at home, iherebj- pro* 
Tenting bi8«i?«nR further JWirvicc in Germany. 
Un 1 Sept. ITtW, when senior comet of tno 
gieys, s cotnpBny was purchftKHil fi>r him in 
the 70th foot inthcWi-« Indit'A with whicrh 
ngbnoDt be aerved during the rt^prM^iin of 
& negro naing in Tobago. At thi* comni^nci^ 
meot of the Ainvrtcnn war of independence 
the boaated nldll of the American marksmen 
irected bia attt^ntion to thu iinpru win tint of 
ilitary fin-armft.itnd ht> d« viand certain pbms 
of brceohloading and other ia)|>n>r(.'ni(.''tii«. 
for whvcb he obtatii<fl u iMN-iir <l*iit«'i)t 
1139, 2 Dec. 1776). The pnnted Bpaciacar 
tioQ, which can be smn al ttw ulliev of the 
commissioners of ]>al«nt«, dt^wribni them 
M ' rariouf improvements npon firearms 
whereby they nro loaded with tnoru vaae, 
ufcty. and expedition, fin; with more cer- 
tiiincy, imd poaaes* other advanla^ea.' It 
IB adtiiitl4>d UiBt some of thi< priuciplea bad 
hivn Ntiimftiiled before, but ' had never been 
aorio LI. iW applied tn purpo««e of public utility.' 
Tbt- pnl'.'nl cuvrm mtrrnil runti* uf brt*cb- 
;«clinn. Tn the first, which Ferguson Bpjwnn 
hare sdoptid. lb<j bm^vh is cIomki by a 
Tertiical acrew-pliifr. which is lowfred to ad- 
mit of the inlroductiou of lb>.' ball, folluwtrd 
by th« e*rtrid(?e or <*harsi\ SjMvifll arrnnge- 
manta are provided againat the fouling of the 
•Brew-plug and accumulation of gat in llii' 
bneelu A second plan, said to he partieu- 
larly tuitabla for artillenj-, waa Uy close the 
breech with 'a pcrpondicular or horLsontal 
tiuuplaio.' A tuiru i>rovidi,«i lor thecloaing 
of tliv brr.<;h with a sliding transvcrao-bar. 
The use uf sliding backsighti^ adjuDlable to 
any range wa* included in tho jMleut. and 
liltewise a peculiar mode of rilling, in wliJrb 
le (fTOOVM werv to \w mad«- of exng^i^rali^d 
idlh OS oompared with the ' lauds ' belwuea 
them, the idea beins tliat foolinfjof the bure 
and 'slripping' of tJio biillnt in its paosaffe 
woaUl tlu-reby be prevenlMl. Ferguson made 
■omocxpenmentsst Woolwich in June 177t! 
before a number of diftttiifruislied oKicers, 
ben, we are told, * undortbe disadTsntageiS 
a heavy rain and a higli wind, h* did thu 
four following Ibiiiga, noD« of which bad 
evxr before been acoomulisbod with any kind 
of Bmatliirma, vii., 1. Hn fired durinK four or 
vit tninutefl, at a tAm^ 200 yard^ distant, 
I. the rate of four shots a minute ; 2. Be 
ml ttix shots in on« miaut4>: 3. lie fired 
[bur shots a minute, advtacing at the saue 
al iha tale of foul mUMaolKHUi 4. Ho 



Vwid 



LOf 



poured a bottle of water into the pan and 
barrel of the jiiecx whnn londMl, so as to wet 
«vft[y grain of powder, and in liaa than half 
a minuln lired at well nsover witb her with- 
out ostractiog the ball. H^ alao hit the 
l«rg<;t at 100 yards lying on his back on the 
ground, and notwithfr'ranoing the unequalneas 
of the wind and the wctne^ of tho w>«lher, 
only mijtaed the target three times during the 
whole ooursc of the experimonts ' (Am*. li^. 
1776, xix, IH8>, Accordijig to Vergutoa'a 
hiogiaphtiT the experimenta were also tried 
by some trained men of tho guards before the 
king at Windaor, but tbe soldiers wr4w ner- 
vous and leas succeeeful titan Faiguson. Fer- 
gnaon was sent back (o Am^rica^hia n^ 
uivul was then at Halifa.K, U.S. — and he wns 
permitted to form a cnrpi of hflen»en out of 
volunteers fimis regimftnts in America. Thia 
eOTM wa» armed with hreechloadiug rjfl«d 
carbines, with sere w-iiluzbmivh act ion, and 
sighted for one huDorea to three hundred 
yards. One of thcM rilled carbines is figured, 
inm an American wares, in Grvener's ■ The 
Gun and its Development' (lAMtdou, l(«IX 
fig. 7-1, p. 60. Ferguaon's oar\m of riflemen, 
extended in front and supportAl by a corps of 
rsngera, did good service in covering f ient>ral 
Kii_>-phausen'8 advnncoat the bnttleofBmody- 
winc, 11 Sept. 1777, when Ferga^ion rr*«ived 
a severe wound, w^htch deprived him of the 
iise of one arm. Sir William liowe, then 
cuminand<T>in-cbief at New York, i* itaid to 
hare taken nmbraee at the formation of the 
ri Be corps wtl hout his having bven prvviously 
consulted, and, taking adraotace of Fergii> 
son's proloi^ed aboenco throngn his woimd, 
broke up the corpa, sending the nun to tbe 
light companie« of their re^rimenta and r»- 
tiirainff the breecUoading rtflee into store. 
After Fergnaon's recovery be was sent in 
command of a detachment of ibrw hundred 
men embarked in the Xebra, Vigilant, and 
Mancbeatw, under Captain Collins, royal 
navy, to mot nut a nest of privateers flrom 
Little Kgg harbour in tbe Jersey^ the reaiilta 
of which w«ro notified in tbe ' London Ge- 
xotte,' 1 Dec 1778. Xext year be was sent 
with a small force tn dislwlgv the enemy 
tram Slonyport and Verpank's Nock. From 
Stonyport be was ordered to Qeoigia with the 
troona under Major-general Pattiaon, royal 
artillerr, which peiiotrated into South Caro- 
iina, where he was eu|ili>yi'>d under Tarleioo 
, at thesiegu of Cfaarluston. On -M Ih-t. 1779 
I Ferguson was appointed major in one of the 
: baiuUous of the old 7lBt highlandera, which 
'■ corps was than serving in America and was 
disbanded in 1783. AnerthesiegeofOharle^ 
, ton Feiguaon was actively emphiyed in or- 
j ganiaiogSDdtniaiDgtheloya] militisofSoutlt 



Cwoluu, in wboM fit^ttnff powers lu ippeu* 
toluire lutdovai^omfideiice (Hoas, (hmwaiiit 

fVTTirTprrnifrnrr. i. GO). With about a. rhuti- 
•and 04 CbflM man h« acoatii[Huitivl I^urd L^ni- 
w»UU in his march cKron^b the Caraliiuui 
durinft wluch b* w«« M-vvroIy woutuled io 
\ut aound arm. Fer^uMKi, whaM noeat 
promotion to the brvret rank of Umitvnant- 
(M)Imi'>1 appears n'^r. to haTO been known in 
Americji nt the time^ wm •lupnwd an^ 
killed at Kinff'a Uoantain, N.C., durini; the 
oiicrations then ooU Oct. 1780. CnmwalliA 
■a> « ; ' Slajor F^r^uon had takt^n ioiinite 
pains with tbo milttLii of Ninety-«is (a (ton- 
tier po«l), aad had obiauiwl my pi>rmiwion 
to mflk« an excurnon into Tryoii wmnly, 
whilit UtoaiclLneaaof myormy ptvTBntvdmy 
moving. Aa he had only mililta and thit 
Bmall remains of hta ownoDrpd, witJiout bag- 
n^ or nrtiilflri', and as hepromiiwd tocomB 
MUt if be lienrd of any aup^trior tnree*, I 
thought he could do no harm, and mijrht help 
to keep nlire the fti^rit« of our friends in 
North Carolina, -vrhich might be dfliiresKd by 
the fllon-neM of our moTemenU. The ev^nl 
prot-od unfortunate, without any fault of 
Major Ferguaon. A iiutn«miu and unex- 
pected aray csme from the moontaina, and 
BK they bad uood horeat thmr mt^vnit-ntH 
ir«re rapid. Major Farpuon wtu lemptod to 
stay near them longer Iban fae hftdiatended,in 
th* hope nf cutting off Colonel Clarke on his 
return &om Gi.>orKia. lie was not aware that 
the enemy was so nAar him, and in ondcavoui^ 
itig to cxecuifl my orders of pawu^ th<3 Ca- 
tawba and joining m*> at Cuiarlottotown ha 
was attacked by a voni' stinerior force and 
totally defeat^ at Iving'a Mountain ' (»6. i. 
406-6). This diaastor was a heavy blow to 
tko royal causa. Tarlulon appears to have 
blamed (^orawalUa for not supporting Fer- 
gaaaa, which Cumwallis dvclarue to be 'a 
noat malicious and Mme attoi-k ' {i6. i. (>9), 
Ferguson is allowed hy all to have been a 
g^nf^roiis, cbivntroiM soldier, but ilw partisan 
warfare in which he was eogigwl ^ve ritie 
to rancorous feelings on both ndes. It is 
alleged that indignities were otR^red to his 
msDglod corpeo and great barbarities prac- 
tisedon the wretched militiamen under him 
who were taken piisoncn (cjmp. QtmipaUii 
CoTTf^. i. «?, and JUxciiOFT, llUt. V. S. Ti. 
39S-3). Unable to show other marks of re- 
spect to tus memory, Fergitson's brother oBi* 
cers publish«d a notice of him in the form 
of a monnmental epitaph in the ' New York 
Oawtte,' 14 Feb. 1781. 

[A nidinoir of Fer^oaon wai «rntt«n by hii 
kinsmaB. Dr. Adam FerfliuoD Fq.v.li for the first, 
*diL of En<7el. Brit. (Briiiab hni^clopedia), but 
aa it was oaaft»dei«l too lon^, and Dr. Fargeson 



lefoMd to abttdjte It. it vw o«itt«d aad aftsr- 
waida putilishMl separatAly. Tvo copiea wOl h» 

founl itiBrrUihSIuMttmitiHlifrtJila - SkcLehof a 
Mamqirof Lieut. -ColoaulFruHvk Ftr^-'i— ". By 
Adam Fergamn, LL.D.' (LDodan, i - 
aidM this work refeream may ha m.'i 
CornwaIli>Corr««pondeii«e(LoiidoB, Ibuit.oTi' 
i. 10. SO, 67. 7D. 303-41, 48fl, I9B-7 ; Baas 
TarlnCoa'a IlitC. Canipaien*. 1780-1 (Itfudci 
1787), pp. 161-Ji; Diake'i Am. Biog.: Qs 
eroft's Hurt. Uait«d Stales, ri. l.W. ifTo-l. 
•Wi. 2V2-3; Two Bfottisb aiMi*n>, l<y inoii 
FvrKuwiu of KinniuiMly, AbndHa, ISSli.] 

n.M.a 

FERGUSON, ItOlJKin* {-J. I7U), 
nam<^d th^ ' L'lolter/ wa.i the eldest, son 
William Ferguson of Uadifurn>w, Aberdf 
shirp. Before Ue left Scotland he had rvc^ii 
tt ' liberal education.* poeaibly at Aburdc 
UniTersity, wh<n« tho name ' KulxTtus F« 
gusone Awrdonensis' appeare in the 
of ItViO. He was resident in I'-nular " 

about 16^5, and at the Knatorntion 

livingof OoduMTshamiKent. Ueinicfxpellt 
by thft Act of UniformitT in H«l"i. h>? su^ 
ported himself by ' teaching bop tmunmar 
and univeraity learning at tslin^iiou, near 
London' (Atittue Oxon, ir. 106: ruJilTf 
Aeeoimt, li. 327). On HI Jan. \m->~Vi a 
warrant was issued againsr lum for 1>»uif 
c<iiiri-mn) in raising in<>n>>v in siipjiort i]f 
eje^-ted miniAtoJs, and for oth*'r tr 
practiees, end on the tflet he was comi 
a prisoner to th(! riatehnuse. not rer 
his liberty till VI Mav, when he and tt 
others entered into a Mud of ^MXU. for hii 
good behariour. He nvxt came into pror 
nenco aa a religious contmx'eniialiat. In 16 
he published 'Jnsci6cation onelyupon aSataa 
faction; or the Neeastity and Vvhiy of iha' 
Satisfaction of Christ aa tbe only ground vt 
Itemiasionof Sin. asserted and opened againBt_ 
th«Socinian«.' It!aaneX])«i>ili<iiioflhi<iuiii~ 
CalTinistic doctrines, displaying a facilf 
si^mewhat Miperficial eloqaence, hut ohar 
I eriiied bv no special argaranttativ<^ abillti 
This woTK.accordinglo Wodrow.'did nioo|| 
to ingratiit/f him with Dr. Owrn ' (^AHaltcfA 
ii.27I), with whom'hefrt*iui*Btly I 
baring now * renounced his comul 
with the church of Scotland.' Acre 
Wodrow, though in a oofrM<-houM< ho had 
* one of the glibest tongUH!) in Knglontl upon 
all subjects, yet when in llm pul]iit hn 
exoecdingly air and scrailenr^. He u 
bis papers, and inclined to make exl^mpar 
fligfars, but frequently falt«ml'<>A.) in I 
next treatise, 'A Sober Entjuiry into 
Katiuvt. Measoro, and Principle of Mi 
Virtue,M073, he characIerifticaUyalludiM to 
I>r. Owen as that ' great and JcCompSLrabl* ■ 



Ferguson 



SSI 



Ferguson 




Tlte IntKtiw showa him to )w nn wleut 
_ popular ex)ioation and npmal. Inld7rinfl 
pUDlistK>d the liwt of htm bcwkit Htrictlr relnL- 
ing to Kligion, viz, * llir Int«n>$t nf Iteaaon 
m lteli|;ion, with tbe Import and Use vf 
Scripture MctaphoTA, nn<] tho nikture of th« 
Uuioo betwixt Cbrist and Believers, wiib 
Reflbctions on » UiAcoitrao by Mr. Sbvrlock.' 
FefTiuon'asliill us T»ligioiuooatroverua1Ut, 
■odois inllwiueewitli tbe duMnt«rt, sirongt; 
roodmmendetl him to the party of ShaftoB- 
bary.cndlieDowcBiiie forwonl as tliocliUD- 
ion, af^inMt ilio eovommftnt.nriUectiuKof 
imipstontism. His first p'>Uticftl p&mplilet, 
titled ' A T>etter to * FtTMn nf Hnnntir i 
Corning the** Block Rox,'"w&h piiblinted ' 

inyuousl^r with tbe date London, 15 Mbv | 

_ti80. It hid rcr«T«nce to • raiiuina- ' Bl&clt 

Box,' reported tocontaia proofsof the kioff's 

BOArriaffe to Lucy Walters, the mother of 

lira I>iii[vof Mooniouth. Thv po«4tio& tslEcn 

|i In Ff rjfiMon waa that tbe whole story of 

,B ' Bluck Box ' was & fictiun ii)Tcnt«d bv 

loso who wi»h»d to diocndit ths Oiike of 

nniDOiiih'a title to the nrown, and to divert 

.ttentioti frnm tbo treawnable pruwlure of 

the ]>»k.> of York. It iihnws (freat skill in 

the meaiiB chmeii 1o arouse popular prcjo- 

diee againM the Dtiko of York. On 2 June 

Cbulai disavowed the marriage 'on the foitb 

of a Obriatian and the word of a kins,' and 

on thu 10th FurguMU published 'A Letter 

to a PanuMi of Monnor co»c«muig the Kijts'B 

^dJMiTowinf! his having Ix^on murrii^ to tlie 

lukt- ^l{ Monnt'iiiib'N Molhir,' in which he 

iatad that evidence would be forthcoming 

the BarTiagu' when tbematlersbnU c'linn 

~ m a eompetont iadicaUiT\^.' The rontrn- 

* ROonnected with t\u' ejccluMon InU oo- 

,mI the r-illowinir parophh-tii from hi* 

* lU'^fioiTtiniin on Addn>Aiw>«,' ' Smith's 

iarratiTe.' 'A Vindication of Smith's Nar- 

live/ ' ItfllcctionA on the Jg^Iih who suf- 

r»^ for tbe IMot.'and'nio Jij*ta«d Stodest 

rindlration, in answer to King Charles's 

Ili-claraiiiin ou his DiMolving the Englith 

I'nrlinim-nt.'rwpublitthed with additioiu and 

altenliouaimderthotitld'The Design of Eo- 

fltivin^ Kni^lsod Dincoverfd.' Aflcracityof 

Xondon jury on ~-l Nov. 1081 bad thrown out 

« bill indtctin^ t:^haft«uiburv of binh treajtOD, 

a nunphh't appeAn-d entitled 'No l*rotwt«nt 

i,iF\nx, or the preMUit intended Compinicy of 

'roteDtanta against the King and Oonfimont 

iwovcn^ to ho a (>>njipinM.'y of the Papiata 

igaitist tile KinK niid bit l^n)le9tiiiit HubjeclA.* 

.1 was uxteodcd into a ^cund and a third 

Crt. Tb» authorMhip of the lirHt two pii.-ls 
■ iiiiaallybeeniuM'xibedtofihaftvaburj-, but 
F«rgiiaon cittima the authorship of tbe wbolo 
Llo is alao Mid to have been tbe au- 





thor of the sHCOml part to Andrew Marvetl's 
' Hiae and Growth of Poperr,' \S7ri, giving 
an account of its growth, llt7i<-'^:i. Tbe 
pamphlet it ataliyl 10 he printed At Cologne, 
lf5t^2, but wu really iKrinted at London 
(Wood, Athtna:, iv. 232). 

Fergnsoti boa generally been regarded w 
one of^the chief contrivers of the Uye IIoiMe 
plot, and even he himwlf sdmiltt, in tha 
words of his apologist, that ' hu coaductod tbo 
oonunnnications between Monmouth, Hu<uel, 
ud Lbofiewh'.iact'.Ml with ihom, and the mora 
ruthkiMOolerie of miutpimtorv* ( FF.ROraOK, 
/VryiMoB t^ Piotter, p. <M). According to 
bin own norrBlive, bowurer (i%. 409-^7), be 
took charge of the arrongemetirj) only tbo 
more succetnriilly to frustrate it. The failure 
of the plot in October 1682 was, according 
to Ferffuson, brought about by hiH dt«ignedly 
delaying 1o make arrangements for it. till the 
king hod retumt-d from Nc-wmorLvt. His 
aim all along, if he is to be believed, was to 
euhfttitulfl an infiurrcctioo Cor ossusisatioo. 
and the new ptrmect was now proMCUtM 
with tbe utmost vigour. After several meet- 
iags liad bmn held infonaBtion regarding the 
movement jntB convevpd to the government 
by Colonel Rumsov, who bad attended a meet- 
ing uninvited. tVrgnson made his eacnpe 
wilb Shaftesbury to llolland, where, 31 Jan. 
Itl83, he was present at Amxtcrdun at the 
death of tbe earl, who left bim a legacy of 
40/. Ue was suppoaed to have written a 
vindicaticHL of lb*) a«soeiation, which was 
M>ized in the haiid> of his un-vant as he wa* 
going with it to press in the beginning of 

I)eo»^mWr lfiS2 (WoOn, At/infti; iv. H0>. In 
FebruarT Ferguson natumed to lx>nclon three 
or four oavs before the ooort went to New- 
market. He sKoin, nccordiiiK to bis own 
nd mission, had a principal share in the ar- 
rangenwnts in connection with the aeoood 
assiusinslion plot, but it also, lie assorta, waa 
frustrated giniply by his skilful mauieomeat, 
and not, as was at the jtime snppoAM^ bv tbe 
fact ihsl the king, owing toahrofleli New- 
market sooner thnti h<' intended. Had there 
been DO firv.and badtbekiiwiwnaiiwdtbare 
a month hwyr, ' he wi>uM,' Ferguson asisrts. 
' hare rome lisck in as much security, ana 
OK free frDiu dnnjier of being ajwaulted upon 
the road, as at tbo time he did.' Ftirguion 
was undoubtedly morally us well as Ugallj 
involved in the seheme. .\fUT the frnstn^ 
tioH of thia second plot I'Vrgiison became a 
leading adviser iu conneeliou with the itn 
Rurrrction schemes of Aigyll and Konmoulh. 
On tlie failure of lb« plot na bad flvd nortJito 
Scotland, and afierirards takinr ship tbenee 
to Hainbur^f arrived iQ HoUsjia. 'Tbere bo 
wn^te ' An Enquiry into a Detection ^ the 



Ferguson 



35« 



Fergiisoil 



Jtarbnmiut K[ order of thu Uts Earl of Kstox, 
or K Viadicstioa of lli«t SohU Pt^naange 
from thii QiiiU. And Infamy nf haring &- 
etrovcd Jlimaelf.' Oa 4 June bpiiImiw uf 
outlnwrT' wu poased ftgutiitt him for his cm>d- 
noctioQ with Uie amaaioAtion ptot. In the 
|)roc!aiD»lioa iuued S Aug. 1663 for Fctrii- 
eon'a apprchcrisioti h« is dHcribod as followe : 
* A (all Iran iniin, dark brown hnir. a f^st 
Koman nmo, tliin JAWod, licat. in his faor, 
speftka in tliv cicotvii toou, a aharii uirreina 
ey«, tloopa a little in the ahoukivr; : li<.> hatli 
a lUiutHin^ gnlt that diBi>n from nil uvn; 
■wtrnni hi" p"riwi({ii(iwnaUDOtil rtvnr hie *yea; 
About I') or 4ti yeare old.' 

Ferguson wa« oiw of ihn i-iiifhly-two who 
Milcd from tb« Tcxol with Monmnutli on 
his expedition to the west of Hn>;lnnd, hfild- 
tog the poxition of chaplain to ihu Hnny, imd 
neting lu thu citpw^ilr of Monmouth's wwro- 
t«r}- and adrU&r. Ho was the author of tho 
manifcflto circulultKl l>v Mcmmouth on hi« 
Inndinff, in whtrli King James was itonouncod 
a« a popi*h imHrpEr and t\*rant, and acouf-d 
of hariiii; contrivitl not mi-n.-lv the death of 
the Earl of Km.t, but nf his brothi>r ihp late 
king. Monmouth aftcrwnrdp B»*«'rt«d that 
Ferviuon drew it np nnd madt^ him flij^r^ it. 
witbouthtiviDgrcadit (SiuJuus Bkauhiom, 
Autohioffraphy,^. ISW). II. w«9 ([cncnillv br- 
lifived to hf ou rVrgiison's adrice thai ilon- 
mouth a*iiutn>Hl ihe roywl title, but i'Vrtruson 
asoerU that ho 'di^piiiL'd ugsiutit thu con- 
Teniency of il at tliat juncture with all the 
atron^th and ri^ur of mind ' ihoL h<! could. 
After the battlaof Spdginnor Furgiisnn, with 
hi* usual luck or wannens, succeeded, after 
lying for tome time in conooalment on the 
weatcoaatJnreachinp^HolliLndina&ff^tv. Ilia 
Qsoapes have been atfributed to biH navin^ 
all aloug been in communication with tlie 
government, but this may b« regarded as di»- 
promd br thtj fact that he was excepted from 
tlin nmne-ityof 10 March 1646, and nisofrom 
the general paidou of 10**H. In Holland he 
wrote in .lanuury I<S88 • A Vindication of 
Monsr. Fagel's Letter," in which he awwl«d 
that a ' revolution will come with a witness: 
and it« like mny come before ihv Priuc' of 
Wale* be of a^e to managi^ an iinrulT spirit 
which I fcnr will accompany it.' In ihu ex- 
peditiou of Williamof Chmnge th'-rr- wii» Um 
•cojM! for Ferguson's abilitioB in intrigue, and, 
ftlthougb ho »ooompam«d it, he wae probably 
regarded chiufly aa a neoeasary evil. Hiit aer- 
vicASwereto some extent utilised in tnflueitc- 
ing the disaenteni, liut he doe» not appear lo 
have ever been taken much into eonfiaeaceby 
the cottnaellorBof William. Nevertb^leaabe 
looltophispcn on the prince's hehalf.pubVtfh- 
tDg' An AiiBwer to Mr. Pvau'a Advice l« the 



Church of England,' and a ' Itepreaentatta 
of Tbmnlening Oan^rs impending over ** 
teaianta in (Jreat Britain before the coi 
of hill llighnt^as the Princo of Onn^.* 
Esel«r bin chagrin at his aubonl • 
in the prince'fl (.-xiwdiiion, compar 
dominant inHucnce in MonrooutliK <'>uti»-.'L 
aeema to have got ihu better of bia disc 
lion. When Burnet wm olfinating bufom 
iho prince in the cathedral, l"iTjpi«>n a.»krd 
to pn'tti:h in the ptwsbyterian church. The 
keys were refti-ied him, wlwn-upon Ite rv 
Butvt«d, to hia own wonla, to ' take tliel 
dnmofheeven by violence.' and. havingl 
open the door, ascendrd the pulpit sw 
hand, and preached from the Ki.\iL'enth 
of the 9-lth P«llm,'^^'h■:' will riw up formt^ 
•gains'^ evildoers !^ ' .Vfter ( \w llu'lit uf JtOHS, 
I'erguson published '1'he .lusliticAlion of IIn_ 
Princf! of Oraagxi bin DLWX'ut, and for ^iilii: 
the Crown upon him on the foot that Kinl 
James had abdicated.' The only rt-ward h| 
obtained for auoh induiitriouK pxprtionswi 
thai of houaekeejMTal the escift"'. worth ahoii 
■lOO;. a year (LcrxRELt, i. 6irj>. From 
mmphlft publi^hi'd at thiA I im^, entitled,' 
r>r(;ii«on'B Ajwloey for bis Truuuctiuns 
UhI t«u ycant both in England and Fiiceif 
Farte,' in which ho k*t» tlit wurid know tl 
his 'more enlightened iinderttnoding' hn 
BuJitciently convinoi'd him of hia 'overluLit^ 
and prejudicial cenHUivof the dtviplinu oftllf 
chiirdi of England aa it now atand.^ by lai 
mtahliahed,' it is not improbable tltat he wa 
inclined to regard promotion to a hUhopru 
na a fitting rvward. In any case his chan^ 
from fanatical antipathy lowardi Che govern- 
meat of James II to enthusiastic support 
the Jacobite* wsji siupiciously sudden. Tt 
conversion, if it, cliai^^ his political iienU'j 
ments, made no change in bb> habits and 
pOHtiion. In tlji^' History of the Revolution,^ 
publiahed in 170tJ, he decla^.'j! hi^ •jpiniim 
t hnt the rerolution, 'instead of b-ing an etTorl 
in favour of (he prot«st«ot teligioa and rJvi^ 
liberty . . . waa a deep and suoceaaful dewg 
of the Vatican for the advancement of popor 
throughout the whole >if Kurope;' but III 
oonBcieniious objections to thrt goveru 
of William did not prevent liim enjoyji 
long aa he was permittird the cmoliii 
he had obtained br bis servicva on ite b 
Ho waecnncemca in the Montgomenr^ 
and was apprehended on su^pleiun; but,' 
being tmpo«aIblc to obtain autSt^itint evidenc 
against him, he wu discharged. He ehen 
entered into cloee t;am mnriicitl ion with th| 
court at St. Germain, and became a li>Ailiti(^ 
agent in the intru^ue* for subverting thi 
government of Wilfiara. (In theiiew*re4u^li 
ing t begovenmeat of the atteuipU-d Jacotit 



•erguson 



353 



'erguson 



Hiding in ^6^^2, he wns on 6 Moy aeizcd 
idi'TB warrant (I'A. ii. 441), on the 7th cnm- 
iDitt«<l to Xew-fiitu- (i/>. 1 13), and on iiia ISUi 
I < iip<-r!Wilfd in liin post iit lhoexciiic>(iA. '^). 
^^Bn oonnectiou witli thi> Idncashir« ])li>t uf 
^■HM he publighml 'A I,«ller to mv L-^rd 
^■phtuf JuMiix- llult,'nii<]' A 1^ll(.-r InSccFL^ 
^^Rnrv Trem-Lanl' (altribulr^l hy Ixvnl .Atmv 
^^ftiifuT tt- M'jnlROinerr), wnfaininp vinilMii 
. Allticlisoii tbvK^Tiimioent snd th«^f>3Lt<cutivE!. 
Lh^Im- fnllnwin^ vir ht- [iu)iliii}i)-<l ■ Wlii-llt»r 
^HtliQ pnwcrvmif lUe Prau>tttiLnt Kttli^ion waa 
^^themo4ivt- uuln, or Ihi?»'niJ thnt WHsilewBTi''"! 
in ihe laie Jlevoluiion?' ' Wln-tlK-r I In' Pnr- 
liani''n( Iw nut In I^w<li«»oIvecl bytlie L>eath 
of the Prinoew of Orangi> ? ' tnA ' A hri*^ 
Lcciiiint of eonie of tho ]«te Knorqarbuienl^ 
tid Dcpirdition* of the IhiU-h u{>on the 
ingluh.' That I'Vnrusrtn wiw privv to thi> 
^^of Sr George Hanlay [a. v.] iIjuw c»n 
ho doubt. IJo wn« the aiitii{>r of 'Advice 
I tho Country in rhrir Hcf^limr "f M'-ntl^T* 
at tho miifuiiiii Parliaaipnt,' vhirh wai> circu- 
it*fl iu JAnuw ItWri-W. On suepirion of 
oing conoTDM in llawlity'* pl<rt h»' wm 
rested 10 M.ivh HflirMl (i«. iv. y7). nn.l 
n-tnoinwl in NVwRati!; till 14 Jan. ll)t»tt-7, 
rhcn he was Ddmilti-d trt bail (('fi. p. Hilt), 
If now took up the ciidf^U oahobalf nf tliv 
k*A» in rvftrence to the Dnrivn nuKtioo. 
Jid, liDvint: na-viousK- publiohi-d ' A Letter 
n Itolwrt Hurley, Mq., in favonr of the 
B<"ot» Act for an African Ci.nnpiiny/li" i>iil»- 
ItithLtl in \HW k tri'Siifio of ooini' eiu- ftnlitlM 
' A Ju»l niid Miidivl. Vindication of ih«s!^cot»' 
k'sitm for hurin^ f.'<lAbliit»'d A CVilnny lit 
>urii-ii ; wil h n brief di!<]<)a\ how much ii is 
|ll4^>ir intrrcHl to imply flL-miflv-sIot rude, nnd 
aflicnlwly to itmi which is forriiini,' Thiii 
fiMT hi* fatbrr di"d. bm, «f. h<* fiiihil to niler 
an app('Aranf<> im h.'ir. his hroihtT, JiimMFeP- 
pMim i|. v., wn^ on IMJuii? 170U couilniM^d 
"- I poHfu-RHioii of the cstuti-. His name rn'Xl 
ime« into pn^niiiic-mM- in coimMt ion with ihe 
'Srotfl Pint.' and it wa* thrDUjih hix rf\ela- 
hons thflt, th" iDacIiinnliona of Simon Frascr, 
twelfth lord l>^ivat [q. v.j. of^initt the DnWe 
>f Alhollv,-nrafriifitrati<(l.'lucotiiuylinnwith 
lirt, Fefijuson on 24 IV«c, 170:i publiBfa«d a 
laratiim in which ho »olcinnIy Mwrtcd 
I far an concerns i-itbiTinv knowlcd^ 
bfUi'f, iJicre is not a noniiiror, or one 
a Jocohile, fngnfvd in a plot, or 
'■ will^Aj^inM her majfity nod ilu! f:overii- 
It,' ond chrn. hiti onfr motive for revcil- 
Fruer'a con»tiincv Afriiini>( AlhoU wa* 
M prcMrrin^ tnt'mf'cly nnd honour nfli<-r 
jMty/ With lhi> linoM-k'dk'i' now po^ 
nf th" rlcsifm* then chrri^hM hy tho 
:T]])»wibtniori*intnl theBeKtnle- 
lotii i~i)t) BA unythiogeUe Uiau do- 

TOL. xvtlt. 



k'dv«!i 



I at 



lilH'Tnle fnlwhootls, intendrx] b^th to aid in 
nvertiimmjr t^m'^'n^lieiTj' and thfl wbigs.and 
to divert emtpiciotifroiii further projecislhat 
the Jacob)lt-» might then hivo in hand. In 
ihJH h« did tiot lillogt'ther tiucc«ed. On nc- 
coont of t)i«r a&aeriions ofSirThontAs Ste>wart, 
which undouhtodly n'voiiliil ror^i«on'« imr 
n-lalion to Krn.'Mfr and ihe court of St. Gttr- 
mnin, ho n-ns brouf^ht up for ^xaniinAtion, 
but having amtwen-'dwitb ffroutdMti.Til_v h« 
wa» diamiitM-d. Hy th*t lonls hia narrative 
wu declared ' faUe, ecatidalous, and M<dt- 
lioiu,' and )iv wan onU-r<!il to tx^ e^trnmitlaKl 
tn Nitw^to; but. he wiw adraitted to bail, 
and was never put upon hi* trial, IWidex 
his 'Ilistori- ol the H.'voliiiion.' 170«l, 2nd 
ed. I7i7, I'VrffUJion subo^q^iieatly pwblialted, 
' Quolilicationq rr^uisite in a Minister of 
State,' 1710, and ' An Aocount of thu tlbli- 

SiiioTis Ihe States of Holland liavo to Qrcat. 
rilain, and tho l{«tum th^'y bavv iiiudv both 
in Kiinipt^ and the Indies, With lt''fle«tiona 
upon the PcuoL',' 1712. The ' llistorj- of all 
tho Mobd, Tiimtilti', and liii«urrwlj(>n«i in 
fircnt, Britain, with the trfab of the ring- 
leaders and betrayers couutmt; from Wiiiimn 
tho t'on()uoror to the pn-wnt tim^ . Itegun by 
Mr. [''i>rguAon, and conltnued by an impartial 
haiidi'aiipearei) at London in 1716. Kc al*<i 
oditcd Bishop Omhrio'fl' Memoirs,' 170l'. His 
latter vean were apent in great jwvLTtj, and 
be died in 1714. 

I Luttrvll'a Short R^lioa ; Woilrow'n Aaii- 
U-cta; Sir John BraouMOb'H .\Biu1^oinnphy 
(Camden f^orirt j) ; CbMw'U ra[iira(BniinatyiM 
riuli); Lorklmrt TViwrm; Bumet'i Own Timu ; 
C.iliiray'i Account "f Ejected Mint»<«r9 ; Wood'* 
ATlicn^ t)xi>n. ; II inboriea of Oldmison. Eachanl, 
Ka1[^h. Ifurton.and Mocsulay. The fneUof Fpi^ 
in>M>us hfo are intmduccal into a nota). 'For 
Lil-erty'a Sake.' by J. B- Uanh. 1HT3. in wbieh 
us* ha» bocn nudvof ttUcnHin) r>ih#r iIocurmeiI* 
nrUtin^ >o FMpiaan in tho Siato Paper office, 
and n Tindicaliun of ki« eharaclor aUi>m[4«(l. A 
simtlArly favoorable reprewni.nion ofhiacaraer 
\» ^7rn in JtLiata FoririuoD'v * Feririi"n ibe 
Plotlar,' IS&7. and, whether Ihe conclnxions of 
llio writer Ii« acctjittd or not, the wofk la of 
special ndga for tho Irtlora aod oilmr ttociimmla 
priotcxl for the Ont time,} T. f. H. 

FEBOD30N, UOBERT (1"K>-1774). 

[See l-'Ktiaftwos.] 

! FEROTTSON. ROBERT. M.H. (1700- 

IWl.'.), uhycician. wjti of Ki.Iwrl Feririi»on of 

Olen IsUy. IVrthehire.andofih'! Indian t^ivil 

fcn'ic*, and prand-nephnw of Adam I''fr|fu- 

I iwn.the btstorian,w*a born in India in 1<llO. 

I He went to acbool at Croydon imder Hr. 

I Crombie, author of tho ' frymnaKtiiiii,' and 

' \ti*gaa to Fludv nii'tlicino aa the pupil of onu 

' i A 



'crguson 



3S4 



•erguson 



of his reliitlvet, ■ MDCtitiooRr in Soho, ftad 
io artcadiinoii nt iliv lecttim of tttv GkmX. 
Windmill Street Hchool of snatoiay. After 
nn inten-&l ofeyiiiinil study k.1 Hriilvlbai^i hc 
joini^d tlitf mtHlicil rluwos at Kdiuburgli and 
praduawdM.T). in IftJS. ThpouRh liia family 
(x>nDvctioiis bii Kvimn intinuitn tii llti-rircln 
ofStr WniHrScntttandnnprocwMlinjitoIyin- 
doD brought witli him nn introduction from 
Lockhnrt IfiMr. Murnijof Alb»'niBrlcStn'«"t, 
who mtradiLc«d him la lit f rary ciK-Ki in t\i*t 
metropolJB. For Murray's ']''«inily Library' 
he nftffTwiiMs compilwi two volume, uony- 
ni"«-*ly, on the ' Natural History of lowcM,' 
uid for Ehc ' Qunrtcrl J Rc\'icir ' ho wrote 
t«u anicU'8 from It$^ Io 1^4, iBO«t of thvm 
medical, and otto or two of n, philoMphtco- 
ri>li|^oius kind. Hill finl publicMitioii, dated 
in ]fl2B fmin Knki'j- Hlr*»i, wa» a lettftr Io 
Sir n, Holford proposing a combination of 
lh« oW inocuI»lion of »niAll-pox with vacci- 
nation. Afl'T Iravclling abmnd for n time 
lis medical attendant, he took the imst of re- 
sident m«dieal officer at the Mnni-'cbono In- 
Urmory, wh«rn be learned from i>r. Ilocpi^r 
'manf of IhoM Hlrango reaourcea and pr«- 
tcripiiofu on which, to Iho surpriaa of many 
of hi« conteoiporariea, he wofl wont to r«Iy 
withenltro conlidenoe in 8onK< of 1 ho jrrealeflC 
ejnnrf;t,-ncinit of m^iml ])r«'tico' (XfintK). 
WitJi ihp support of I>r. Qooch he entered 
on spL-cinl obsU-tric prai-tico, was apnoinled 
physician to thf> H'eiiminMpr I.yinp-iii 1 lov 

fiital, andprofwsOTof obstetrics at the H'-wly 
imnd.ril King's Colltpc in IBSI. In 181'/ 
he hud been active in iouDding:lhe ' London 
ModicolGnM-lt«' as anorgaa of conserrativo 
opinion til mi-dicitl polities niid of ot^dctnieol 
views in mMioal scieuct*. Along with Wat- 
Bon he attended Sir A^'aller Scolt in l8ai 
vslien hv piu»ed through Loudon is broken 
ln?alth on his way to Saplea, Atid oguin in 
1832 on his way back. lie becami' a fidlow 
of Its ('ollego of l*l]y»iriftn* in 1R.S7, nnd 
afU^rwardd rouncillnr and cenanr. In 1640 
b'; w(M n]>;iointed physiciaii^ccoucheur to 
iha qiiwn, in vrh'ich camrity hff sttt-mlw!. 
alonK with Sir C. LococV. at the birihof nM 
li'T miijrt*(t vV chiltlnin. About 1857 he grh- 
diiallv wilhdrvw fmin Iiincjtt'.'nsiveobBletrio 
prootiec, and took the bold step of eolering 
thv tiuld as B tfi-neral medical coDauUant. In 
Lhf opinion of Sir T. Wntaon his sikvj'jih in 
atldinint; tho first rank wna remarkable, con- 
ai(1>Tiii(; ibaL hv bad not s«rvi>d as {Aveician 
U) a large ^neral ho^nital. Amoni^lii* pa- 
lirnts wvni di$.tin^uiBli>.Ml leaders in politics 
and 1itemtnr<\ many of whom became ul- 
tof'hod to him in private friendship. lie had 
( One jwysence and & aotnewbat impfu-iotu 
will. Ilis ptofbsdooal writings belong Lu the 



enrlier tK^riod of his practice: 'PurrpH^ 
Fever.' 1839 ; ' Dis<.^asu« of the Cinnmj 
Oviirio,' inTweedie'a ' Libnirj- of M< 
and on wlition c>f Gooch's papers 
* I>iae«uui of Wiimpn,' with ounctav in 

lory eeaay, for the New Sydenham 

]Bfl9. ill) diixi at his cottage at Win] 
Berkiibire, on '2't Junn l6llS. fli' nurrinl, 
lintt, in 1830, a lady of the Ftpuch fan ' 
of IjitlMlmoROM'tw, and spwndly, in tf 
Mary, daoffbtirr of Marjeod of DnnT^^nn,j 
whom fa« bad fire children. 

[Msd. TiiRM and O.i- "■■■" ■ : ' 
WaLwo'i Prtcidoatial .' 

Latuwt. 31 March tSftU. :■., 

lit. 295 : liorkhart'* Lifa of .icoU, cbtra. 
aifl Ixixiii.] 0. 

FEBGUaON. Sir KOXALD CRA{ 
Fl.IEU (177;t-l«-lll, ceoiiral, ■.■runit got, 
WiUiam Ferguson of liaiili, 1 i 
Jani', daiiglilvr of Honnid Craiiti- 
talrig, sister of Marparol, iviunt^'m ofj 
fries, was b-im at I->linburt;h on 8 I'fll 
He catered tho annr as nn cnsipn in ( ha" ^ 
re^imt-ut on3 April 17^^, audwa* promoti 
lienUmanl on t'4 Jan. 1791, He then patd ■ 
long visit to Burliii in order to study the 
Prussian system of diaciplino, .lud on his 
turn be was pronotMl cnpiain on Id F*l 

1793. In this ri«r, on tb<i luithrffnU 
(treat war with t^rance, Fergu-ion's «([__ 
tlm 63r»l, wax dnspalclutl to Fliindenf|<l 
it jran brijTulM with thi> I liti tind 37t 
ments under the command of Major 
Ralph .\bercromhy, who took partic 
ticB of Fer^uwn, aa a youn^ ftsrotchr 
sinftillarbodilyatrength ADd Arlivity, V 
HOD »«3rvud ihrauffhout tlie camnai^fn of 17lC 
at the fliose of Vulimciv»ncs,Hii<i in ihu boltl 
which 1m to the Duke of York's retreat fn 
UuDkirk. In OctobiT 1703 th« 53nl forms 
part of IhegarnMin of Nii-iiw iit>Ort, undt-r I 
commaud of Licut4>naut^eiierB] Sirfharli 
Gray, and during thircm^iiaiil lighting whic 
took place in front, of iliAt town thn Tl^tO wmi* 
much engaged. Fer^nsoa, who was wnuDdml 
in tho knee, was sfmcially pruiwd in d* 

Sal L'hiw. In the following year ho left Fl» 
crs on boin^ promoted mi^or into tl 
rvtl'iiK'nl on 'M May 17'.ll. luid ou 191 

1794, thrtiip:h only iwfnty-one, b^* 
moted liciiionant-col'jnifl and anpoiaC 
command ihv nifwly rai«<^l L!iid i«alt 
that TP^ment. He wa.i nt onoB ■ 
India, and in 1795 his Fpgimi?nt wa* i 
those whirh cfwipwuted from India, 
Major-general Sir Alured Clarke, in lb* : 
duction of tbo Capo of Good IIopu. On ' 
return Co India ho was slationod at Cn 
por4>, and there marrie<l Jean, natural dat 
tcr of General Sir lii'cior Muaro [q. tJ 



Ferguson 



355 



Ferguson 



venlth (inrt impoTtinc'!, And rVranisoii found 
no Jifliculiy in gel ting furtht-r emploniieiit. 
(Jii !iis rv-tum lo Enirlflnd he was promoted 
colonel oti 1 Jan. IBOO, uul ia tti«t \i>ar be 
^^lield a comiDHnd in Mn jor-gcnem I tnt- lion. 
^BrhoiDUK MKiiluiid's iturit on Il«llf Ule.oiid 
^^ui Sir Juiiii'a I'ull^iwv'a «),peilition nuainat 
^^friTTol. He wu oim iif thp otBccrs woo !«• 
I^Bturni'il homu in dieiiiist nt Pu1[«qcj'*b roftauJ 
' to A\Uu-k Kem>i, In 1804 Ft-rginwii wa» ap- 
>(iialed brigadiei^f^Dwal cotnmandtti; tlui 
' >rk dtitrict. mnil iii the fiilli>win|{ \viu hv 
?lt eotntnaiicl of tho highland brigade, con- 
ling of i)ie fist, T:fnd, and d9rd higli- 
indcr*. in x]w eititwlirion si-ni under Sir 
)avid Ifaiird lo rpcnpliire iho Oapo of 0<kxJ 
Ho pfffonni'd ihft difficyh iasIi of 
ag lii» brigod*; in iIk' hcv nf tlio Dtildi 
and covcriug the diiiembarkfttion of 
^iv«I uf tbv Hmiy, luifl by bis conduct in 
fnllowinir wipigenn^nU \\<t wiin tbn nv 
lU'd tbauka of .Sir David Baird. Ue was 
'ifi lit Icaro thf Crih> by severe illnew. 
hia ntum m TCngland he wiu elerud 
I.P. f'T the Kirkraldy bui^hs in 1806. a 
pat which hf h<-l<i {•IT t,w«ity-four T«ar», 
1 on l'<5 April IHW be was promoted ma jor- 
a<>ntl. In that yenr hr wiu appointed to 
irmmnnd a brigade in the artny undur Sir 
Irthiir WpllMloy, deal imjd for the aattiiUnce 
^ th«- I'on ugiivM?, and a1 tho landing °f I'll" 
■.pnlitiou nt the mouth of Ihn Mnndi^^ he 
placed in rommaad of a brigade oonfiist- 
: of the 42nd iin;l 78tb n;<giminit«. At the 
rlfl of Rolit^a FrT(fU»on'« brigadi^ whb ora- 
ted ii))on the extreme leh , and twice tumL"d 
l>a))0^<l<''snf;llt,aft«r*»advana^alongadilG- 
onlt mountain mod. At. the grant battlij of 
^^^'imi'iro it wii« pasted an the leA of the Eng- 
^Bi-^h nnnr. and rerf^oion had iuA began to 
^Hrntinui.' -ftmnt wlwn he woj chwkcd oy Bir 
Jliirrv IliirrrtrrI[q.T.] Ferguson mui spokea of 
^^inlb" li'irhf*! tvna» in ^ir AMhurWoUealDya 
^ftdtapnlch, and waa thanked iu htfi place in 
^^^he Il'HiH? of Commons for hiE eer^ices. He 
' aluo rr«<>ivM a gold roedal and Tcuit git2i'tt«tl 
colonvl of the Sicilian regiment on 2A Jan. 
IrtKt, In lh<-nnrliikm»nt«ry enmionof 1809he 
lUlinguifbi'if hiniAulf by hU npMohM against 
Llio|iiike(>rVi)rkinlht><]ebat(>4iontheClark» 
randal. In Kpit«>of thij,and of hisadTancMl 
linn, bo waa nnniinuled lo o command 
fotff' t^nt under Sir I>arid Itainl to 
}ir John Moon- in tho Pftnintiula, bnt 
rearhrd Coninna loo Ulr to Ixi ofatiy *f nic. 
^in HlOhp wn^iippointcd second in eonunand 
i> thf nnuy m (Wiii, but waa obliged by ill- 
lo return to Knglam] in a fow montha. 
I Jun» IHl.'t bf wn>i |)r()iDot«d lieatcnant- 
Tn lF'14 h« n«?tvd for a abwttimtt 



■a vecond iu command to Sir Thoma« Gra- 
ham in llnUAnd.itnd in thr following year 
he was mode a K.(.'.U. Fergu&on never again 
Mw sonictr, but continurfl to sit for the 
Kirkciildy liur^lui unltl 16%, an*! thn)iigh- 
out this perioil of lory aat-endttncy di«tiu- 
gui«hed himailf in I ho House of Conunon^ 
Dv hU di^cidnl libtrmliiuii. He vint a con- 
lii^ient .supporter of all meaaurea tending to 
civil and ruligious liberty, an nunmt aovo- 
cnt<-ri>ri'.iitholiR<rntniici|inti(in,niii! tiiit.hii[iokn 
and voted for ihi; ballot and for triennial 
parliaments. Un ^4 March I6l'8 he waa 
Iranxferred to the colotii-lcy nf the "(Hh Came- 
ron bighlanders, on 'i2 !fuly 1^^ hi) waa 
pTOtDotj^ f^tiatnl, and in IS^l ho was made 
a O.Clt. at the cop>o«tion of William IV. 
In l&'iO he WAA d>?f<>iktMl for the representa- 
tion of tlio Kirkcaldy buif;L(i by tbo lory 
CAndidnt<>, Lord Loughbon^igh. the «ldn«t 
aon of General the Earl of Roselyn: but he 
waMimmiilinttilv'-h-rl'^ for Xutlnigham, for 
which ylace hi^oontinu^d toHJi until hindt^aih, 
in IktUonltaw, London, on 10 April 1S41. In 
thf> pri^'iniis Janiiory lir> hail oiicci^o'l^yl to 
the family estate of Itaith, on the death of 
liis elder l^rother, Uobert Fcrgumon, who bad 
also lor many yoam be«n a ni!dical M.P., and. 
he waa aucc«eded in all hia Scotch eitatea 
by his only mn. Oulonnl Ruhcrt Forgw^oa, 
who Mit for the KirkcxMy burghti from 1S4I 
to 1862, and took the additional name of 
Mutiro on acceding to wmu of thi' iwImIo* of 
his grandfar.h<>r, Sir HMtor Miinrn of Xovar, 
Row, and Cromarty. 

[FiWw* MMuIjcnof I'url. (ScotUn.l); Army 
Lints; Eoyal Militarv ("ilcndar; IIooli'B liifn 
of Sir David Bainl i Kapior'ii PtntwUr War : 
aadnlooff notice, with a portrail, in th« Milit>rjr 
FattoramA for Augost 18U.1 H. M. 8. 

FERGUSON, Sm SAMUEL (1810- 
1686), poet and ontionnry, third son of John 
Ftrguaon of Collon lloute, co. Antrim, wo* 
bom in BeUost on 10 Match Il<10. Ilr was 
ediicat«d at iho chief public school of Itelfast, 
Ihe Academical InAtitation, and thence pKH 
oeeded to Trinitv College, I>ubliu, whors he 
gniduiili'd K.A. in )B2il, and M.A. in 1833, 
and won created LL..D. honoris caua& in 
It^m. In 188^ lie wu called to lh« Irish bar, 
and obtained soiDe nmetia on the north- 
eon circuit of Irelana. In 1 860 h« waa nude 
a queen's conn«cl, but. in 1867 retired from 
pnusticooo hia appointment as detxuty-keeper 
of the public rvcorda of Ireland. He waa 
the flret holdiT of the office, which ontailed 
muchinvratigationandarraii^r'nieni of docu- 
ntente. Juat before Fergii»on*s uppoinlment 
one of tbe chiof olHrinlg in rliar^n of ike 
MOOrdt kid pubUcly titated Ibat the Irish 

aaS 



Ferguson 



Ferguson 



slat iii«s to llie nt^ nf Qut4!n Ann* were iu 
N'onnan Frporh. ■ Un^sffo never used in 
Irolmod afti-r I4ft.'i, m> little wvrH (b« Iwin-r* 
acqiiuiiiloil with tlif' nvnrds xhny kept. He 
tlioroutrtilyoriiiiii'wdllK.'departioMit, wulon 
17 Mnreli \l*7H wa kiiifihl'M in iwii>(rnition 
of )ii^ f:!T\ux9. From itci iirst ap|>earsnce in 
|k33 lie wo« n cnntribuinr to tlic ' DiiMta 
irniviiT^iiv Mneiuim-.' In it \w publUlinJin 
iHyi nti f'liiflUtiuietricsl veniniiof tlie^Ad- 
dny« of O'Bvrni's Il»nl tr> tho tlfttn of Wick- 
low.' Tii'' Lmi«nl o\>?r iIi- Huiiid ofTitno- 
JvAgiic Abber.' 'The Fnir Ilili^ nf Holy [n>- 
Iimil.'Riiil'Tlit'FonidtvrVOniiiiliiint;' ill 1830 

* Tli.^ l-wry 'ITiorn' and • Willr Oiliilaiid.' At 
tlm Bame pL>riaii In- [>ul>lishfMiaeeriefioftiilfa 
in which vrnti- i« luinii'ttinn* minflltfd with 
prtw. iiIUt the manner of {V>wlt'yV enaayB, 
C«Ili*H 'Ttibeniian Ni);ht»' Kiil^rtttinmemt*.' 
Thew rtoricn hav* hwii Mite*! 1»t IaHt Fcp- 
iniKiiininco their MUlh<ir'sdpath,nnd|iubii)>bed 
in London, in I8H7, t<~i^hFrwillia reprint of 
bit first voluuif of coUvctod ' IV'aitf ' uiid I ho 
'itenuinaof Hatut PntricV,'* InuuUt ion into 
English blank vorao of the ' Confusaio ' ind 

* KptHtle III Conilirciu,' with li diwvrtatinn 
ontJtelifenf the mint. He wroK-twopoliti- 
c«l (uitint, 'Inlteritor »nd fVonomirt' mnd 
'Dublin.' tlllicr poomft weiv published by 
him in ' BlackwoodV Ma^ aiiue,' of which 
the brtt kRAwn in 'The Korping of tli« 
Anchor.* 'Thi'W«t Wwinji' waa pablinhed 
in th« tkmtt magazine in ld:('i, and in Mojr 
183d his amiDtiQ^ BAliriul diilogtii\ illiutn- ; 
tiveof IriHli e-liicationnlBchemeft th«u promi- I 
noni, ' Father Tom and ihp Popf.' Tnia has 
lii*ii rf|>ritiledn'illiiilh<Tr>mtnhulioni)orbiii ' 
m 'TaleH from Blackwoorl/ Ist wr, voU, lii. 
rii. viii. xii. In L805 ho piibliati.<d a volume ' 
of collected poeom, ' I*t" ^f ihi- WMtitrn 
Gael,' in 19/2 'Cungal,Hn Epic I'oem in Five 
RonVa/and in ISSOathinlvolutnpor'Poenw,' 
nhieflyonaiibjectf^ taken fmni Irish lit^mturo. ' 
HenideM the contetitoof these tliivo voUitnes a | 
tw iKjNinup pot'tn* of For^Kton are in print. 
'The Elfivy on lW Death ofThoma* Dnvt»' | 
appeArcd in the 'Ballad Poetry of Ireland,' 
while the witty toos: of 'The L-jyul Onininj- 
man* woe never nnbliiihed, thnuKh prirately 
circulatod, and ohen recited in Dublin, th- 
aideii these n»niftroii» conlribution* tolilj-ni- 
ture ho wrote many eitsays on Innh anliqtii- 
tii-e f pTticot'diiiRs' and ' Transactions' of 
Koyal Irieh Arad.^my, IS?! -ftj), and carri*>d 
on letulhy iQrc«tifi«tions in swveml pari* of 
]r<-.Iand. In 1 8;^ hp was unanimously elucted 
president of th<F Uoval Irish Acadomy. ' 

He marricdjon I^Aup. It''i8, MaryCatha- I 
line Guinnnsg, and for many youn> he and hia ' 
wife practiswl an ojwn.peaenitw, and delight • 
tal ho«[Htality towards evcnr one in Dublin 



who eanid for Uiiinittire, music, or art, 
their house in X"f^*i r.nmr i;..-,-i' 
He di(>d, nft^r tir. 
Strand I^jie, 1! 

lin, on It Aag. l^f***i. Al'ier a pu'j 
Mrviiv in St. Patrick"!! Cathedral, Iii 
was conveyed to his family hurying- 
Donegore, co. Antrim. An on ancb 
Fcrjruiwn's moAt impnnatit wwrk ■ 
lection of all the known Haham in* 
of Ireland nnd thotr niib' 
Inwriptiunit in Itvland. 'Vn i 
fdili-d bv Lndv Ferguson, h,linLi,;ri;li, 
He wai^ laborious and nccuratf, and 
all hnwroteon antiquarian aubjcctai 
rareful study. 

As a poet he dwrrvv* nxnlloctino tn 
land, for he strove hard to cre«t>.> modf 
poetry from the old Irish l.sleis of h( 
Mints and histories of pUctw. .Vnti 
poet luiamainlain<.*d that the ep)C| 
f;:ar entilli'4 Ferginson to rank in IreUnd^ 
iho ualioiiul p'j^t ilO'^/vtoi; 1 1 .\i.ril If 
and hill loiijr mtftricol versions of Insh 
ore praised by ilisa M. StoK' s ( fflc-kt 
Eilinburi/h Mtstzinn, N"»' 
by .TiidfTfi Cl'ITafran (/rwA .1/ 
vol. xii.) Hv was nol. pci 
with thd Iri«h lantrnaffe, n: 
accounts for the fnct tfint, whjlo .^ojni't 
Rivinglliestoricamoreb'rhiili^al.lian h« Ii 
away, be miMcn eotuethinji of the ifuHl} 
ancient life, and seems lo talll of n Ahadl 
sccnet and not of Ihu rv-ul d<»><l# of m>>n 
wom«u. Sivuml of lh»' p-xins of bis 
experiatwa are admirabV, and will 
hav« apormancnt piiimlnnty in Irelan 
' Elejry on Thomas Davi.*/ 'Willv »1' 
and ihfl ' Linos on the Lilffy in ^C■.-R 
not fHulth-iss, but thi*T are beautiful 
with ft truH Iriitb air. 

His antir|iiariau knowlcdij'-, hi* lll«'i 
ability andnttainmr-nta mail 
Torfnitiondt^liyhtftil, while ! 
and ^n(>rotis die]>osition ctideari-ii hiiu lu a ' 
larn« circle of rrii.'udii. 

[Mim Stokm's Mninmr >o 1 
dop, Nuvwmlwr 1894; infor^i 
hishrother-in-lav.ttie Rov, It. Guiir 
History. Pisrition, iin'l Trmltntnt ■ 
IWordvorir^lond, bynii rri«li Aivliin*-, '^^i-l «>:. 
Tendon, imsi; A, P. Onir*«> lis* Ireland • 
Nnticiniil Poet?; R.!(lo<irtr. *-' t" " •--' 
t88«; L>.<i\I PJunlc?:'- I'urti: 
Memory of Sir 8. K>isbmd. .^ . . . 
U AuA, I3SS ; O'llagan'a Poetry ot Hii ■ 
gusoQ. 1*87.1 ^ ' 

PEROUSO^J, WILLLAM flfl0l> i 
bntaniit and rnt'imotoiricl, vutered th- L ' 
Ion rivil tterticK in IHSIJ, nrrittltg in tha 
ialond in December of thai ymr. Qj 



Ferguson 



357 



Fergusson 



i(]mI until liis ilentli, which ix-tiirrrd on 

tl Jh1,v 1HM7. Ilo oroumod \m K>i^ure tinw 

(■Manical and entomi>(o|ticHl §tu(ti«s, gaio- | 

ng an iiitimiiti' linnwlvd^- of tlm flonuul 

ct lit'i* uf the iaUnd, and publuhing fraiu 

lime to timi' the rraiilu of us nbaemtiona 

Jill ri-fwnfrlii-" in thi- ' (Vyltm dhwrvwr' umi 

bp'Tropiml Apri*""!' »n6t ,' Hia TTork ob- 

inol n_>i-< vti>t<"ufrut)) l>r. lloolscr and cthiT 

litii-nt biolo^Utn. I'l-r^ii^nn alN.>[iiib!ij<h>-[t : 

•The I'ftlmTi* Pulm, BuraMnt* JtnMU- 

vrmu, A popular Drnpription of (he Pnlm 

»J ita ProducU, having »[>crial rcfirmnccW 

^r-y ton, with nralualilt'Appii'udix.cni^niciiiiir 

ttnicts from nt^arlr fvcry Author thot hni 

(ic*d ihi' Tire. lUuMrnlvd by woud vu- 

»vitig«,' C'olombr', IHW), Jto. '2. ' L'ori^ 

N>n<lvuci? with Sir J. EiQorcia TeouDnt od 

Holanv uf Oylon." «. ' A Plan of the 

iummit of Adam's I'ouk.' i. ' Scriptiira Ik)- 

tny "f L^j-lon.' It. ' Th» TimUr Trt- 1-- •>! 

ui'Tlon.* 6. 'The Rejilile P'anna of Ci\vton.' 

'fVylon Ffrna.' Ilf also left inuti<naN 

>r « ini^nocraph on liiminniu! IktmI<^, in* 

luding fireniee and ghiwworm.'^ nui & vast 

iitM of mbn-lbincoua not«a of a scientific 

rAllwBMMD, IS87. li. 267: Timro, 30 Aug. 
r.) J. M. R. 

FERQUSOy, WIUJAXr GOTrW 

[ltl3»^'lUilO^},|winl'.'ror«UI] life, n natirv 

>f ScotluMl.iriSlatf^ tn have tin>l Atndied art 

hi* own TOuutrr, uud tkon travelled in 

'nuiM and Itnly. In 1<i60 he wn« rf«idiD2 

II the Hague, where he hired a bouse, and 

lit lOtiH lie WHA slill thoK. Part a( the CoD- 

net for hu himiw coiuit^iiKl in n proniM lo 

iut a luolunt every year for I he proprietor 

' ilie hotUL'. In IttHl he wad rfsichujt iti iJie 

atcviarUmat. AnL!StordaQi,aiid ou 'J(* June 

WM brtroth'Hl to Sara van 8oiw?ren of 

ilorltholm ( Onfl Uothnri, iHVTi, p. U.t). Il" 

ki^inirtN] It i^'ixmI rr|iutiitiiin in p«inlin){ d'-ad 

ironandaiin life. Hiere am^ood Axnmph-.^ 

' hid {lainlin^ in [bin ittyle in the l{yki>- 

at Ain«t»'rdotn and in iho Bi-rlin 

He also piiitiU'd [.•ictiiT«B iiilrcKliic- 

ims and fniifmotitH of Mulpturu, frilh 

iir« in tb'- IiHlian *i\]<', iindtr etrontr 

loclfl of light ami shtid.-. An nxampli' of 

Ilia Mtyli- in in ihf Nntinnal Ualk'ri'of Scoi- 

3(L III! iH atalvd to hiivf! rHumrd and to 

tvt* dii-d in l»ndan, but this do«fi not ap- 

i-ar ra'Tlain : IOHri i^ alatud t<i bi^ tlw lat«el 

liitf u[k)n hilt tiii-riirvB, but this la doublfiil, 

jid th<- <.'Xa<;l <.Wii <>f hia death la nnknowu. 

lia pti?tnri.« an> ^inu'lmL* attrihntod lo 

Vwnii. 

llimre'a Iln-t. ii^ ATl:>t» ; Ilryan'* Dict.or 
' nod iLugTaTer*, ed. Ontna ; CsUloguw 



of the fpUlurtm mrniioucd aliora; mfunnatiua 
frtim Mr. A. Itmdiiu | ],. 0. 

FEROU880N, Sib CUARLES DAI^ 

BYM PLK ( 1800- IWtl), fifth baomfit, of Kil- 
kerraii,AyKhiro,aritJeldi»l ton of SirJaitiM, 
foiirthharoiiet, byJeaUrdaitghu^ofSirDartd 
Dalrymplv, ban. (Lord Huli-a) fij. v,], was. 
bom nl Fori (>cor((«, invenii-wsliire, in Au- 
gust ISOO. He was ediicnlrd at Harniw, 
uud bfeom<! an ndvocato in 1822, praolifing 
»l. the SrorXch linr until hia btbpr's death. 
He waa a uetnber of the SpwiilatifoSoeioty, 
and at it* nut'tiiiEii read two etmays oiif? oi> 
[be 'Origin and iVyn'M of Criminal Juru- 
prtKh-ncc,' nn<! the other on the ' Hielory of 
PAiiitinz.' For^iMon was an aftivt* pro. 
moler of almot^i t?v>Ty acheme of ueefulnees 
throughout Scotland.' The county of Arr, 
in which bin K^nt v/as eituate, v;as cfipeciatlv 
indebted lo Iua active aid in \l» n^imti.aral, 
charitAbk-, and niUgious institutions. \{t> 
waa tlie oririnftlor of lh« Ayrshire Kdnca- 
tional Aaooeiation, and nt hiit ov%*n fXpeuse 
butll many Mrbnula and chnrchea. He wad 
returned tn x\w fenerat aMomblj of tbfr 
church of Scotland a^ a lay mpre«cntAtiTO' 
for .^yr He did much lownnU exh-nding 
the usefulness and efficiency of ihu chunrb, 
and in tW Mtlinpi of it« legi*tativc bodv hta- 
couiiaeli bad \iTixX weight. A decided ron- 
B4>rvativo in hia politiciil prineipk-K, both in 
church and state, FurgUMon waa yet stmngly 
KverM- to the ntrifv and turmoil of political 
life, and waH retnarkably tolerant in \\\i M'nti- 
nwntv. TlK>ngh reptfatedly urged by liis 
frienda, he n>nld nurer be mducod to Mek 
election for big native county. To thv last 
h« wan an nbte iind xealous supporter of thu 
CKiue of pmtMtinn. Uini»elf a eolonial pro- 

Iirietor, he severely condemned lh« fnw Irado 
ogittlatiun of ^^l^ Kotiert Pn^l. whirh hit Vm- 
lievitl iMu^t huvv un injurious ufTect upon the 
Itriti'ib colonteH. In 18S7 FiTonvon unc- 
cwU-d t>.t ihcL'ftsteauf htsgnindfnther, I»rd 
llaite», in I'^ft and Mid T>nlhinn, and in INJd 
to iho^ij of hifi father in ,\yn<hir«, on irhieb 
hi- i-<in>l«nllT nwideil. berDUason married 
Helen, dunifhter of the Right Hon. David 
iloyle, lord-ju-liop-f^nvral of Scotland, by 
whom be had ■•i^'hi children. He died at In- 
VHreck IHMareh iHlil. Ilii.VyrvhinileuBUts 
raiih:^ a mnnumeni to his uieinorv. Frrgu»< 
KonV "^^tale of Haili-> in HnddiiiglomJiirK 
aitd Mid Lothiiui ilutvuridml to bi» »»contP 
Hon, ChiirloA. who iu>Entned the name of Dai- 
ry mnle,iiHn-]ir'»^ntitij(bi!ipti'nt-jrmndfnt her, 
Hir I'avid I'ulrvmpb-.han.tlx^rd |[ail>-Kl,but 
the baniiK'icyoi Huih/s wus extinct. In tbo 
title and mUt«« of IVr^uH^on uf KiILrmuf 
FcrguMOD WM Bucceeded bj- bia eldest bod, 



tile Iti^bt Uoa. Sir Judm Fer^iiwoo, txul., 
M.P., »onn-time jrovOTnor, •uecewirely, of 
Soittlj AiLHirulia, New Z«aluid(ftiul Bombay, 
ROt) aul>!<-(|u-.-titly tiiHJcr-tMiRjtury of At*ie 
for fuKigu siTain^, to wlucb lie vaa sppoioted 
in Au|jU>l t88U. 

[ABd«a9oa'B8eoUi«b Katko : AjrOfamrrar aiul 
AjrrAdvcrtMBr.Mareh ISiVipncAtsaurmomMk.) 

FEROU8S0N, UA^^D{A 1688), minis- 
ter of Punfenaline. [Sen FKBarsox.] 

FERQtrSSON, QEHiHQK, Loud Hbh- 
)Usd(</. IbL'Ti.Scoldi judge, vpBstlweigbLh 
MOD of Str JuiiHi FiTgiiwim of KilkniTiin, 
bart., by hJs wife Jvau Maillsud, onl^T child 
of Jnnuw, vii>cx>UDt Miiitland, and prnnd- 
diiuglilAT of John, fiOb earl of l^udrtplnle. 
lie wu iidinilt«cl s member of Die I'Widty 
of AdrocatiM on 17 Dw. 1705. Tlo pnkrti«<.>d 
Ht tbe bsr for tbirty-four %'i!aiv wiili con- 
aidcnble sucoeot. Oa tJie doatb of Itobert 
&l»c<juwD of Braxfiuld, Fvi^ussun ww mado 
an ardinary lord of Maaion, and took liis i<«at 
on the bench as Lord Ilermaad on 1 1 Jul^ 
ITlffl. lit) wiut iilno ap)>oiiiU.-d a lord junti- 
ciarv on 4 Aug, IJtW. in tJ»fl place of Sir 
^VillUun Nninu o['l>unpiiiiRani. lie resiffiied 
both tbeae nfice* in Itsi'ii. and di>-d nl H-r- 
mand, in iJie parish of West Culder, on 
d Aug. 1827, upwards of cigfatT vtriirH of n^<. 
H«miaiid n'a^ aluiovl ihelasioftlieoldimhool 
of Scott inltndvocalfs, und wai a innn of many 
puculiuitiv^. The iiiti'nsity of hi« toiopcni* 
ment was ao great Lbat r«paM, except in bed, 
■vras nturly cuat«oiptible to bin. Though 
ofl"!! iiti|>al iviit ill IvtupiT and wircacttc iii 
hife rptnarks while on the bench, he was very 
popLilnr with the bur. A cbarac lent lie in- 
>liiiiif of (Ik- Itlllit n-jijioct wbicli lie bnd for 
ciiiiveutioQnlitr and Jecoruin is related in 
' 1*..Im'» U-ttvrs to his Kinsfolk,' ii. 121-:!; 
' Wheii "(""my Mannetine" cnm« out. tb« 
jndf^ was si> mucli delighted with the pic- 
ture of th« life of thi- old St-trtliah Itiwycrs 
in that, mo<t chaniiiuf.' novel, that bi: cuuld 
talkof nothiupet^obut Pli^yd**!!, ban<lie,nnd 
the ilijih Jiidiii for luiinv wivks. He usually 
carried one volume of tlie book about with 
him, aod one uunilug, on tbe bench, bis low 
for it «i I'omplrli'lvirnl tim butter of him that 
he lugged in tin' ■lubj'^i, head and Hliouidetis, 
into the iuid«) of n »pe«ch nboul noiao moot 
dry poim of law— nny. Kilting wamwr i-n-ry 
moment bespoke of it, he nt laHifnirly plucked 
tho volume from his pit-kel, and, iu »|<ile of 
all the remoiuttraiiuMuf hi« brethren, iiiMistod 
upon readiug aloud (hu whi>!« passage for 
tuttir vdiCeation. . . . During lbi> wliolu 
•omia Mr. Waltor t^cotl wa-juvAcnt, neuter], 
iadeed, in his <^ial capacity, cloac under 



ilia judge.' Hermand bad great ' 
for ihoM who w(-r» imntilr- c<> itwl 
pleasure? of an old Sc ' 
M[ual conl4^'mpt for Cbo» 
ool. In hi* pvtu dnnkiuij' w»a a virE4 
productireof virtuous action*. Id a < 
tMsus when) he Don«idcn:d di^i^rtxlit had 
faruugUl on tlutcaUM- nf driuUinit, Hennar 
who wait Tebetnent for transportation, is 'aii 
to huvu di^literwl himst.'ir thns : ' W'v ■» 
told that then' was no malin*. and 1 lial 
pmotier must have been in litiiior. In tt<| 
Why, be was drunk 1 and y»t ho itic 
the Tuy miin who had b<«n drinkir 
him ! They bad be«n cnroiKinn; th< 
night ; and y^t hf> nabbftl him ! afl^r^ 
ing a wholo boitlr of rum u-'li '' 
Ood, ray launli, if he will tj 
druiik. what will hv not do » I. _ 
((^ocKuriW. .V^jnorinir, p. Uu). Haf 
msrriwl GmUani, daiixhl^r of WiUii 
McOownlE of Gnrthland, who Mirriivd bi 
wreral yearn. Tbemwerenaohildn-noftl 
marriage. An etching of Mvrmand hv Ki_ 
will be found in tlw: first voIhriv of ' t ininai_ 
Portraits' iNo. ISO), Uia iiorl.rait uIm b{^ 
iK'nr« along wit Ii tboac of thu other judge* 
in tb'i ■ t^t Sitting of l.ho Old ('oiin ^ 
•Session, 1 1 July ffWH ' (vol. li. No. 300). 

[Kay'tt Ont^initl pnrl.raitji ami C>rti.'ali 
KtcUinRB flSTi), L 892-*. C.ick1mro'» M««i 
riAls of bis fiiue (ltU6j. pp. UU-ll : Teli 
Irfittrni to bis Kiii«rolk (1HII>). ii. 117- 
BFHDion Slid Haiti's •Seastur* i>^ tKr 
of JusticD (1832), p. 511: Ai 
Niitioii (I8«a), ii. I'JO: l-o^ 
1(1880), p. SOfi; Oant. JUaa. lA2;.^\n. 

I i8i>.] 0. F. n: 

FERGUaSON, SiB JAMES, Lout 
KliKiUN ( llW8-l7rj9), Si-<»l<-h ;udt;e, 
Hju of Sir John Ferguason, lirsi bar 
KilkiTrnnf whom he cinvwriiMl in I": 
horn in 1(H>I^ ]I<! Htudied hiw 
Ijevden (/wfiir o/'/^ycArw Sfttdrntt, p. 1 
was admitt^-d ndvociiti* 1711, was ek 
member for Sutherland shim 1734, 
for that countv till madu lord of . _ 
7 Nov. I".'^, wJm'ii he tjwk (L« counwy li 
of Irtird Ki!kt?rr«n. He was made lord 
justiciary 3 Aiiril 1749. He died at his i 
sidonoo u^ar Kditibiirgh 'iO Jan. ' 7'-'' ' •-■ 
gosson was married and had a I 
many of whom with his wif« su. . 
He coll4!Ctftd and diguMti^d in th« tr,rni of 
dictionary tbe decisions of the court of 
»ion from 17SS to Mirl. To thi=u- art- adil 
' a few decijuons given in tbe yvan L73iJ i 
17S7 * (advert iaement). Thi* was publi 
by hiw sou (Edinburgh, l77o>. 
'In IVtler's 'Life of Lord Karoaa'l&t 



Edinb., 181-1, i. 52-Sj Fergmsan is estii 



(&d< 



Fcrgusson 



359 



Fei^sson 



^tedly one of the aUost Uwjers of 

Hie knuwledgs wm fouadwl dd o. 
tliOTDiuIi ncquitintancM nitli the Honum ju- 
rispracience, imliibed from thp beet canuacD' 
Ufitunof tbi.']Min<Ii>ct»,oiiiI ivillitW rt)i:undit« 
^L-Aming of Craig, wlin has Initl oppii the foua- 
taiiu of 1 be Scottish law in bU thai rv^rds tbv 
•yMfmot'fcudaluitn. . . . Thfcdcoinionnwhirh 
lie ba« ncorded Uuriug the period when be 
•at as A judge of tlw supreme court exhibit 
tho olFiarpet comprohetuiioti and tJiti wumlT^st 
viewa of juriipniaeDoe, and will for ever serve 
OA a moa«l for the moAt luoful form of Uw 
irports.* 

[llrunton awl Ilaig'a S«oaton uf ibu Cullego 

F itucioo, p. 505 : Aodoreoti'ii l^rottmh Kati»n, 

^ii. I9S ; Friat«r*fi Collocinnta (Innotit^ica ; Mrm- 

ben of Parliamont (^jcolland), p. 135 ; »pp oIdo 

fottnr'a CarooMago and Burke's Pocnisc and 

Bnrmeiaga.] K. Vi-T. 

FERGCSSON, .TAStES (1789-1842), 

Scflth leciil writi^r.eldesl son of JaiD»« Fer- | 

lgiia.4on of ISank, aftorwards of Monkwood. 

^Ayrslun-. was bom in I"tf9; studied at the 

tivuryiCv of KdiiibuT;;li ; becttiuu a member 

Jjhe Specula! ivc f*'Ki<-t_v Vw. l"8d; waa 

nuttval nit'niU-ruf till' lacultjof Advocalaa 

KVil; was i^uccdMivoWappuinlod one of the 

fiiur jiid^i'd of t\ur cutiM^Ujhal court, onw of 

ih'- prinripiil cVrkft <i{ sp.5*inn, and keeper of , 

the geaerul r«:onl nf entnil>^ f<n Scotland. 

"itgoMnn wn* mnrriwl nnd luid i««ie. He 

ilu tlic estate uf Monkwood to bis brother, 

II. FereuMOnof TrochrtiguG. U« died 

\642. ! 

wrolo: 1. ' L«tleri« upon the 

a«iiit of ibu Vuliinti'er Corps and < 

aeiitir Military A mutgviiu^nt <jf Ureat Ilh- 

I,' Edinburjih, 1808. '>. * OUenrations 

tbi- ])roposi>'I Iteform in Div .Vdminiit- 

ilion of Civil Jiiitiie i» Scotliind,' Kdiii- 

b, IhOT {regarding tht* introduction uf 

byjiir)). ;i. ' Ili-jMjrtj' of noimi rw*^nl , 

)roiu»n-'« bv thf. C'nnAthtnnal Courlii of Scot- i 

kndinAclion* of Divorce,' Edinburgh, 1817. ' 

d«ci«ionft illiiMrai«d the power of the 

3tch court tudi»»olvi? inarrinjre for adul- 

I which power tho Gn^liiih court did not 

uca, and Uw ' Blarming oolliaivn be- 

» reapective jnriadictiona of Ibe two 

irit* in the pamv itluiid and Htiilv ' which 

lartM^ (liun-fmm. 4. '((I»wrvntiou»upon 

Provisions of ibo Hill prpsented lo l*ai^ 

liain>-nt relatii-ii lo the tnal in a wpamlv 

' ' ' rinsincr ■» o^'titHu 

I mtf fit il Court of 

nu,K -1. 6, 'A Trtatiau 

atK of ihi<Con«istorial Law 

:U mporls of decidi-d cajn-a,' 

182n. 0. ' OluwrvBtionn on ICn- 
kulriua of licii^Appan^t, cum 



^nrJkioiMmitan4,n'tl)i an indcjcof the rvci»- 
lers of tailziva IVou jlo. 106^ to 1330,' Kdiu- 
kmvh, l8au. 7, 'Additional UbMrvations 
on Eataila,' Edinburgh, 1831. 

[PatnTBon'a Hist, of the Connty of Ayr. vol. ii . 
fit. ir. p. 371 (Miuburgh, 1852); Ih>l. nf tho 
Pprcnbiivo ynci*-!*-, p. 187 (tJlinburyh, IWS); 
AmU-Mon'* 3cotti»li Nation, ii. 196 ; Cat. of Ad> 
voL-Hlos' I.iiimry ; Hrit. Alut. Cjit.] f. W-t. 

FEROTJSSON, Si a J.\ MES (1787-1866), 
geuernl, oon of C'harl'» I-'i.-r^u«aoa by hia 
couMD, dauglitcr of Alemndor FergUMOO of 
Cnigdarroch in Dmurnvs»hirc, wan bom, ae- 
cording to the iusc^ription on bia monument 
iu Locusbrouk ccmeifiry, Ituth, on 17 Mareli 
I7B7. H<^ rntrivd thi'' army a« an cmiini in 
the 1 Kth royal liifJi regiment on 20 Aug. 1801. 
From t he iVt h lie was Boon liUDsfiiTTod to tlie 
■l3rd Moamoutlichirp tight infantrr, which 
waa at this time in lrai:ii[i|{oiidt<r the cuper- 
uiti>nden«« of Sir John Mooro at Shomcli^o 
with the ryJiid and U^tb. 'lime rvgimems 
formed iho light division in the Peninsular 
war. L'ndert£«p«tn>nagitof Moorv, Fi»^ua- 
Hon wan (iromoleu lieutenant on 9 Feb, l**H 
and ouploin on I IW. 1^00, and in l^OH 
accoui|Mnit*d hiit niginitint in Ibc »-speditiun 
under Sir Arthnr Wellealey lo Port u^l Ho 
was at Kolica, at Vimeim, wlivm hti waa 
wounded, ana in the n^trmtnf Sir John Moom 
to Corunna, where the 43rd wait in t he rcscrva 
division. Fftrgiution nextserred in i1k> Wnl- 
cbereu expedition in IWJ. In 3Iarcb 1^10 
he Hi^ain arri\-ed with hia regiuMot in Portu- 
gal, and BfrVLxl tbroiigli the whole Pouinau- 
lur war without once taking leave of nbfienoe, 
exoL'pt for woundit. H«i wuh with thif 43rd, 
and vltannl in t he fimioiia forcxd tiiarcfa befiirM 
Toiiivfru, in Craufunret action on the t'oa, 
at the batlli! of Buaacu, in the rvttval beforo 
Mll^■t-Iln, in (h* pursuit nftrr Mam^na, in* 
eluding the engogeraentfi of Pombal lUHlinba, 
Fo£d'Aroace,ana Sabugal, and at thu batti* 
of FuentcadkiOnoro. In tlie twoawtaultaon 
Iladajox and Ibe aasault on l.'iiidad Kodrigo 
FersHffoa no^companicd the Htonntng pnrtii-d 
of the 4-)rd as a viilunt4.->:>r, and waa wounded 
at both tiU<^cs. 'Sa\tnft st\yt{IiUtuty o/the 
J'eninmlar (Far, vol. ir.bk.xvi.ch. v.): 'Who 
mn tiulbci<-ntly honour the banlihood of Ker- 
gussun of (htf 4ttnl, who havine in fonnvr 
iLMiiiilIn riwi^ivttl tvrud>-epwnund.H, waaheK, 
hia former hun<i Htill open, hvuliug tbu atoi^ 
tnervof hisreginM-nt ; tlie third time a volun- 
teer, the tbini time wouodiNli"' He ft«fiT<»d 
ft gold medal for the captuiv of lladajoi M 
senior surviving officer of tli« light division 
Mtonuing pony, and afu-r being present at the 
battle of Salamniicfl. >u- wiui for^ia gallantry 

?roniMvd major wiib>'>ut purcbaw into the 
Ml rvgim«nt on '<i liw^ 1812. lie at onc« 



Fergusson 



360 



Fergusson 



exchanged into the 85th regiment, and seired 
in the 4th division in the passage of the Bi- 
dassoa, the battles of the Nivelle and the 
Nive, and the investment of Bayonne. On 
10 May 1814 be was promoted without pur- 
chase lieutenant-colonel of the 2nd battalion 
of the 3rd regiment, the BuiTs, but his bat^ 
talion was reduced in 1 8 1 6, and he bad to go 
on half-pay, but obtained leave to study at 
the Koyal Military College at Famham for 
three years. In 1619 be was appointed lieu- 
tenant-colonel of the 88th regiment, from 
which he was removed in 1825 to the 62nd, 
one of the old light division regiments. He 
remained at the head of this battalion for 
thirteen years, until 1839, commanding it in 
England, Ireland, Nova Scotia, Gibraltar, and 
the West Indies, and 'his retirement from the 
62nd was deeply regretted by all who had 
eerved under his command ' (Moorbom , Hi»- 
torical Secord of the Ftfty-terond Ijght In- 
fantry, p. 305). While with the 52nd Fer- 
gusson was appointed an aide-de-camp to 
William IV, promoted colonel on 22 July 
1830, made a C.B. in 1831, and on 33 Nov. 
1841, two years after his retirement from 
it, was promoted major-general. His health 
bad sunered much of late years from the 
effects of his wounds received in the Penin- 
sula, which prevented htm from accepting 
any command abroad, but he was appointed 
colonel of the 43rd on 26 March I80O, and 

?romoted lieutenant^'enoral on 11 Mayl8.">l, 
n 1853 he accepted the post of general com- 
manding tlie troops at Malta, not, as has 
been staled, of governor of Malta, and for 
bis services in this capacity in passing on 
the troops sent to the East during the first 
year of the Crimean war, his zeal in for- 
warding medical comforts, and his Itindness 
in receivinginvuUdedolKcersand soldiers, he 
was publicly thanked bv the Uuke of New- 
castle, the secretary of state, and made a 
K.C.B. on 5 July iar,r). On 28 Aug. 18.'w he 
was appointed govern<ir and commander-in- 
chief at Gibraltar, which post he resigned 
in 1859. He was promoted general 21 Feb. 
1860, and made a G.C.lt. on 21 May in that 
year. He took up his residence at Macaulay 
Buildings, Bath, where be died on 4 Sept. 
1865, and was buried in Locksbrook ceme- 
tery, Bath, where o handsome monument has 
been erected to his memory. 

[Levingo'8 Historicnl Record of the 43rd Mon- 
monlhahire LiRht Infmitrj-: Hart's Army Lists; 
Napier's Poninsular War; Gent. Mag. December 
1865.] H. M. S. 

FERGUSSON, JAMES (1808-1886), 
writer upon architecture, bom at Ayr on 
S2 Jan. 1806, was the second son of Dr.' Wil- 



' liam Fergusson (1773-1846) [q. v.J He was 
educated first at the Edinbiugo High School, 
and aften^-ards at a private sdiool at Houns- 
low to prepare him for a place in the firm of 
' Fairlie, Fergusson, & Company, merchants, 
I Calcutta, in which hb elder brother was a 
partner, and with which his family had long 
been connected. Soon after his arrival in 
India at an early age he started an indigo 
, factory on his own account, and as he foi^ 
tunately left the parent firm before its failure 
i he was able in about ten years' time to retire 
I from business with a moderate competency, 
' and to carry out an early resolution of de- 
I voting himself to archaeological studies. He 
settled in London, and buUt for himself the 
house 2U Langham Place, W., in which he 
spent the remainder of his life ; but his for- 
tune was impaired by responsibility for the 
ultimate losses of the Calcutta firm, in which 
he had imprudently allowed his name to 
. remain. Hisantiquariansealwasunbounded, 
and he was a skilled draughtsman with the 
camera lucida. His last visit to India was in 
1845, but already, chiefly between 163-> and 
, 1842, he had made with remarkable ene^ 
I the lengthened tours in that country which 
! are shown in the map in bis ' Picturesque 
I Illustrations of Ancient Architecture in Hm- 
dustan,' and in the course of which he pre- 
pared the laborious and accurate measure- 
ment sand drawingsof Indian buildings which 
I formed t be material of his best-known works. 
In I&40hewa8electedamemberof the Itnyal 
Asiatic Society, to which, towards the close 
of 1843, he read a paper on ' The Rock-cut 
Temples of India,' published in its 'Journal,* 
vol. viii. He remained through life an active 
contributor to the ' Proceedings ' of this so- 
ciet y, of wliich at his deat h he was one of the 
I vice-presidents. Tiie paper in question led 
to the pres^entalion of u memorial from the 
council of the society to the court of directors 
I of tlie East India C'ompanv, in consequence 
of which, much to Fergusson's sati.sfaction, 
instructions were sent iVir the measurement 
' and drawing of the antiquities in the dif- 
I ferent nresidencies of the country. In 1848 
I he reaa a iMijier on ' Tiie Ancient Buddhist 
I Architecture of India' to the Boyal In- 
I stitute of British Architects, the first of a 
, numlter of jiiipers of gretit value, which were 
afterwards published in the 'Transactions'of 
I thflt body, chief among which were, in 1849, 
on 'The History of the Pointed Arch;' in 
lt-"0 on' The Architecturoof Southern Italy;' 
in 18.'>1 on 'The Architecture of Nineveh;' 
in 1851 on 'The Architectural Splendour of 
the City of Bijamir,' and ' The Great Homo 
of Muhammad s Tomb, Bijopur.' In 1849 he 
published 'An Hietorical Enquiry into tho 



Fergusson 



361 



Fergusson 



ft Priticinlp« of Itr-Auly in Ak, mow o»- 
prcially witb refen'oce to Architect ure/Svo, 
J^indnn, ■ vrnrk whici lir hiinr«-lf clCM.-nbe<) 
jtX the cloe« of his dayi> as Iijh bt-il, but of 
liicli lie si tlir- i^mc tinmnvcnvil lie bad 
uly M^UI four copii«. ilc- ff^ve muay away, 
iOW«v«f, And tbe boi'ik ia uoh- (•xlnmely rare, 
t ivmUiins itiL- c&rlipst i-x]K>sition of maaf 
of hi* fFivitiiritif tlii^iricf. jiurtitulijly I lint rv 
f;ar<liii}t tbe mtxlein wliith tlicajKrient (ire^k 
mplvs weini ltf.'btL*d bv mt.>ans of a triplo 
i«f^ ami rli*re*tiir\'. Tnt- prrfaci" wmUiuia 
mo inlfresliui.' rvfL-rence» to bis Dclucaiion 
1 pnrlr lifi*, niii) uiinoiinctvi llici divHniion of 
Mfriilioii tonimwMiiity. Tlii^ main f(>a turn 
hi»' I'rcij'ntiwlXewSvsieiiiof I'onilicBlirin,' 
' JBhcd alito in Islfi, wti« Vbc niibstitution 
workK for ioft!«oiiry, and altbouuli <l<^- 
tllu limti has now been universally 
Tim (utjoct wun fylluwwl iip Vy 
iu iwo yiampbleU, fine eiilitU-d 
Perile of Ptirtsmnuth. or French I-ltt'te 
1 I'lnglinh Ftirt*,* I.iiru!nn, ^*\■t^, Ih'jiJ ({(rtl 
. in IKr>:5|, nnd b seqiipl tntitkrl ' PortB- 
muth Prx)!^!^! , . . ■with Noiw on Scbne- 
nnd olbpr 8ippc« during rhi? rrcM-nl 
ar," London. Svo, J(»5*J. Wosl of Lis su^- 
tiwi» wvrc aiipn>priiU>'d wiihout wknow- 
igmoni, but they led to his appoiiilinent iu 
Tks n tnfMntior of tlio royal crimtuinaioD to 
qiitri-into ihudi-fcncejuifthij riilttd Kinp- 
um. IJa^in^ Ijceu, ujone willi tiir A. II. 
l^ynrd, ibc ndvimT of llitt CryetuI Palace 
UouiJMny ill n-gmnl tii tlin i^ivolioii of tbfl 
Awyriui iMuiso.sftcrwardfidesimypd by fire, 
hf utxyiyttfti i-urly in Ifviti tin: p'yft of p.-neml 
tnaii»frprofibft(Mn)i«nv,whii"hlit'Oi-oiipiHltill 
tJiP middle of l«6i^. in 1S4" l-'crKU££on bad 
piibli>hi'<) ' An il'-my nn lli» Ancient Toi»t> 
jiltr of Jtrusttlem.* His vii^Tira «»■ thortly ' 
ed in two rpDiarkablf articled contributtHl 
Tir. W. Sinitli'd 'Iticiionafy of tht- Bible ' , 
I ok. i.and ii,> The Ikm^W ai trac(i-d noDOlicv 
th? time; but his contention thai the 
Mo(4|uc of Onicr' i* tLi' idi-ntical cliumh 
L-ei«l by Con<itBiitino the tinfal ovmp tli*> 
iomb of our .Saviour at JeruwU'm, and that 
■t, anil not the pn-M-iit Chnn-li nf t)i» IIi>lr 
;-' ' ' r i- the true buriitl-]ila«* of Jt-Kuit, 
f;avn riiw to an iniporlunt contrj- 
TM>v. It If to hi)) Klnniioiisudrocaoy of t)ii« , 
IbiHtrrthftt th<'I'aleAlincKxplorationlMmdi< , 
eiiid to nweits orifrin. In I^y^^he stieweded 1 
in arouaitit.' widrnprvad intiTcxi in thii »nbjcrl 
bv hiB ' Niilirn oti lb« SiliMif (be iliilv S(-|>ul- 
can dI Jt-niMkloQi/ a |>nnipbli'i In which he 
tYtnlidcntly iviwatM) hiii (.viilfntiou in ri*|ilv 
It) an ertirlo on ' The ChurdHM of lli<« Holy 
Land ' which lind rhfirtly bcfori.i oppwir<.'<] in 
the ' r.diiiburyh lUiHfw.' An accural » Mtr- 
T«y nf tJia Holy City wm tliweiiUir earned 





I out by (Captain (aflertranLi Colonel Kir) 
U. W. Wilfion, RK., nt, the cost of ]bin>n4-»s 
(r.fun MiM) liiiixlrit CoiitUt. The tim lai^e 
map of the Hiirum area at JeruHttt;ai was 
prepun-d at FerKUMon'* oivu cost, and h» 
wac also nradv lo bear ihi- Mponse of oxra- 
ralioiiM, which Wfre n<>l |)«ruiitl<.-d by tb* 
puhan. He piir»ued hiji inijuirivs, bowiTi-r, 
wirh iiudiiniutt'lii.'d eurrtry. and in 1878 de- 
rcloped ihem still more fully in a Ur^ 
tjuarto voliiniL' on 'The Teuipk-§ of the Jewi 
and lh<t otb<;r ItiiildirgH iu lli'- Iliiratu Are* 
at Jerusali>ni,' fully iUuMnted with plalea 
nnd woodcut'!'. 

In l$Aft VfTguiVfta public-bed 'Thfl lUu!;- 
trated Handbook of Archilectiirw, bein^ a 
Conridc and Popular Account of iho dillV'n.-nt 
Styl>.>« of An.'htt«cliir« prevailing in all A((ea 
nnd Countrieff,' 2 vol*. It was follownl in 
l;^'2 In ooeeiit ilU-d'A il islory of ihe Modem 
8tyWof Arcliitei'ture-, being ft seouel lo iho 
"llandbookof AicbiUH'ture. ' Botli wen ro- 
ca*t and piihiijihr-i! during IS&VT in three 
volumes, entitled *A History of Arebitectiiro 
ill nil C'uuRtriee from the Earliest Tinien to tht9 
Pn*.>nt; Itey.' Thi* 19 thu work upon which 
F»?n;ui*on'« foine must cbietly real. 1( ig the 
first, and probably the only on* of bir» many 
publicatiuna from which ne received pecu- 
niary profit. Jn its early form it wait nt onco 
r«M»>u:niiM.'d axBUMfulrauiuiilfortheritudt^utt 
and Ihi? aecuniey of its iufonnution and tho 
I'XC^Ueiit ilIu)>tralion» n-uder it n xlandard 
work. In 18711 he [xibliflH-d a fourth %otuue 
on 'Tlin History of Indian and Eastem 
Archilertiirc' In \t^07 he wiw engnifrd in 
arranging the collf>rtiou nf photographs and 
casU for exhibition in ibu Indian Court of 
Ihd Intemntional Kxhibition held tliat year 
in Paris, and in the coume of hin labour* 
came upon a colleciion of marbW which luid 
betii vKcavat^d in I84d from thv Amravati 
'J'ope ill UnntAr.aod iatvnded for the ludiau 
MuAeum, but had been depoaited in a disitrnxl 
coachhouM and forv^tlcB- Pboto^iapha uf 
Ihem wt>r<! arranged in thi> Ilriti»h (--ahibit, 
and the knowledge of uidont Indian art and 
inytbiilogy obiaintnl by poring ovbt tbcM 
photographs suggested a very valuiible paper 
PudbyhiTu in IWJM to the Itbyal A>>iaiie So- 
ciety on th« Amravali Top«, and led al.^ to 
t he prepnmt ion by biro, under t he auihorityof 
the Mcrctorr of Mat*! for Tndin in council, of 
ibulargr and valuable work vniilled* Fitv and 
8erpent Worship; or Illiiatmlioosuf Mvlho- 
logy and Art in India in the Fir«l and Fourth 
Cenlorii'i" lifter ('hri»t, fr')m tlin Sculiil iinM 
uf the Ituddhiat Toptit itt 8anchl and Amra- 
vnti.' which was publishi.Hl by the India oftioe 
in t)ie Mme ^ear. ForgUMOo's repurminn 
enabled bi« fneudi to Ktccecd in creatuig » 




1 



•ergusson 



poet, for liitn in tliv otHev of pahlir vcirlu 
Aud tMiiMini^. and in liJtlU hi! wu nppoiiiiM 
aecr«tarv to lite then firet com[iiij6ioiu:r, Mr, 
A. II. Loyurd, on ft ih'Mury rriKirt tluit ' tLe 
firvi (MUiuiiauouarnQiureii tlu- hid of an officer 
com eraunt in ft high degree with an: iiitort urn, 
inn-reruoMtoouustiMisconiiLCUKlwitiicxiit- 
ing oronaU)ni[ilateilbuildiu|{«.' HutilUwu 
fihrortly afterwards changed to that of *iit- 
epuclur of pabliu buildings and mDnamenU,' 
bul Mnuig« to AAV liiftsdvit^ on lb)i iTfi-linn 
oftluiiiwisi imporUDl pubUc building; ul' iliti 
tiiiw,Un»nfWrinirt)ti>f jii»iio,wiwn(it amIimI. 
And ii. i» Aaid ilimt Iki was not* rwn ftllnw^i 
U> »ei> tlw d««igtu). i*robftblv |)TOfe«aioaal 
Julouqr Kt lun d»wD m an iitaftt«ur tad a 
tli«orist. In any cawr be took theoiiporlUDitj 
of a diange of miiiiatr}- «oon nltenvardB to 
rviirv frooi bi» oBiov. Lu 1850 FurffuaeoD 
vas clect^ by thfi cominilteo ft niomber at 
tlio Atbenicum Club, and iu ltl7l Lbe Iiuii- 
tute of Britiiih Ardiitect* airanl«(l bim th« 
luyal gold medal Air arrhitectore. Wf nU, 
pmid«nt oF the iiutitat«, wanaly aokiiow- 
itdged his merits in pretenting tho ntitUl. 

FemiB*ou'0 power of laborious research, 
and of ^VBtcmstiiting ihc raaull* of lita own 
accunl«ob»ervaiioiiand tbo lubuuraufoibviv, 
enabled him to tnvi'sl thu buttoriral Ktuily 
of ardiilucLurf, iiuniniluriv Indian arcltilec- 
lun>,mthatic\t iiiU-reiit.. Jtul be lln\twU|^t 
on mauy other subiecte. In I ts;i.'>, while mid- 
ingftsa pUnt«r in u*)i]gal,hc ItndobwTTedtbe 
clian^iftwl tniidea sketch sur\ Ajr,nfti>rward8 
publuhed, of thi* Li^wer Osoges and Jtrah* 
Dtftpntra, nnd in I8i>3 ktt cootribul(.'d to the 
'Quan^rlyJoumal'of the Geological Sociuly, 
of wbtch he TTiis for many ruara im active 
member ofcoottcil, a remarkably intereAting 
paper on the ' Itwent Cbaiigva in the DvUa 
of tbo Ganges, and tho Nalural Ijkwa roKU- 
latiug thv UiuRMJB of i{ir«rB.' He vroa dso 
an active and UOM efiidunt mombar of the 
SL-vunil oouuutteca engaged to the decoration 
of St. Paul'.. i;alb«Jr«l. So Ut« as 18(<3 ho 
oncR mont furin>d Itin atU'ntJan to his fa- 
vourite ibmiry A'^arding ihv li||{bliug uf thu 
Orii'k totnnlo^, nnd having [ireparea a laiyn 
modtfl of thf I'arthtfuoii, lir pulilisbed ' Tud 
Parthfinon: on Eoaay on the Mode by which 
l.iirlit won iiilruduc«d in Gn-vk and Itonun 
nVrnple*.' 'I'b** BubjecL fsiliril iippHrnntlv to 
atLrucl ibu atteutiou either of rriliL'h or nrae- 
LiL**! autti. ]''i-igu«Kon foriuuatuly hotl the 
ojiportumlj- of irivinjj it nrftctioaf shapv in 
th« gaiU-rr at Rew in wliich Urn North's 
piotur^ofll.iwi'maTi- cxlubitL-d. It ia gem- 
rully admitted to be ooeof the moHt eucces«- 
fiil juaun.' eullcriiis oa regards light in thi^ 
kingdom. In hisartiolM on'Htoneheogc'in 
ihc- ' l^uarlerly lUview ' for Jul/ 180U and 



ergusson 




on ' Non-hifliortc T^hum' in th« sasw nvia 
for Ai>ril li*7ti he ar^iuid that tb«»e 
Itlhic romams are of mors rwetit. ' 
is g«;neraUy suppoMil : am) lir nftn 
velopiHl his rcftaons in li 
mcntH in all L'ounlri'--. 
Allhuugh nuvvr a {Ti 
«ra* Irei]Ueutly muu>li 
qiustions, and to the ci'^v ut Ui^ Lif 
pva tvas oonilantly L-upluyinl on omalu . 
iiftriodicals and U'lim lo it y>iipi>r\ 

Uts but contrihuti'in of it' i' (in 

artirb' in thn * N'lrM.-tcijntU ( I'ln m % l>ir \( 
rember l^Bo on *Tht! Kftttotatiun of Wi 
min»t«r HbII.' In th« followiitg 
Via kuuhI with ft seoood attack of ; 
to which be succumbed on ti Jon. It 
thuM who knew him in othifr than an 
oial or coatn>v«r»ial capavtiy he rvt^ed 
aflectionate and even leuilxr uai UDt. ixhiii 
i maun dedicated hie great work, ' Tiryp 
FergUASon, as ' thi- hiuonan of nrvhit 
emin«it alike for bis knuwledKe of < 
for tlw original g«niuii whirh hr has i 
to the srilution of sonte uf it* mual I 
ptoblems.' 

[TImH, 1 1 Jan. 18S« - Athensmin. No. ; 
16 Jan. 1690; AiinnallUgtfLV, 1886; JgvriMli 
the Konl Asialio 8oc. IWS. new eor. vol. xriii, 

O. W. " 

FERGCSSON, ROBERT (ITfiO-irT^ 

Hciitch pofl, was bom nl Kdinbur: 
\~Mi in n lnn« ftomnvhen? in Mi 
thi> modem North lindgwSln.'ei. lu> 
'VVilliain fVrgiUtu^n.was at thfilitni* 

the only bsberda-l- - ■■ ■' '■ 

fr*w yoar* previon 

Abcrdeent[ur«,iu.- 

His mother was the - 

John Forbco, a man ct .. 

iu Aberdeenthirr'. and a cndei v- 

of Tolrtubon. Thmr fumiiy \>n>U 

band hve in lUl, nnd Ilitlen was the ti 

son. Ilolh parrnls WTn- iirri^rtit nut! p* 

Teriuff, and the fathtr wi-li 

hn hiild, at his d*'i>tli m )7t''.. 

tnnnaginif clerk in ihf linen di'pii. : 

British Linen Compnnv, Mdmbn 

gUMon's mother had taught him I'.mlullr. 

■nd although a wry didicnU' boy, h« pwtiud 

through a prcparnCory school willi dtniitu^ 

tion, and entend thti bi^iib adiool u( au un- 

UAusllv early age. When hf hn-! ' ' • - 

v«ar9 fmro, on the advice <»f hig i 

r'orlicjii, fatruttr and fiictor in Al>''. ■■ . .. i.. , 

and through the inl1iii<nre of l»rd Finlfiti-r. 

ohanet'llor of Scotland, ho secured b F itrg.is- 

flon bur^ur)-, wbich implied pnpantorT«ttwly 

at the grammar school, Duodee, ami a foul 

yeor4' currictihim at St. Andrews DniTtf* 

fcity. ile matrieulBt«d at At, Andrewi M 



Ferg^sson 



3'>3 



■ergusson 








FslmtBry 17<t0| inlendiBg to sLudy for the 
cliurcb. 

Fcrgu&ran al Si. Audrewswaahrilliflnt and 
atlractivv, N-iu)^ j^tticrnlly |iopiilar wiUi hin 
fclli)xr-«liidenl» And proffiMon. H» distino- 
lioii u a Hlud(>nt would Mem to bovii bm<n 
sci<Mititic ratiifT tb«n liK-rary, Itr. David 
On'gory [q. v.], profeabor uf mAlhematk'B id 
tlt6 anivorsity^ died in the cotino of Forgu*- 
don's Hm yitar.snd it is more iliui probable 
tlint he wrote imme^lialely aftcrwnrda (in ■ 
stanza favoured br IturnA) tliu cloror but 
LmvtrvDl 'Klogy outbtlK-ntli of Mr.Dtivid 
Gregory.' Hesoonbeciinicfcnowaasa youth- 
ful pOL't of unuBU&l uromii-f. Thu ultii^y just 
ntntitioiM-<l, and ihtIiAjih nui- or Iwa uioro, 
' a\-fl alou^ gun-irod. and t bt^ ' druuutic fng- 
l,nvtilili_V'«>inr!oriln'inwt'8bicig™ph«r>« 
im{>nA<»* hiH m»n^ luubitioas oltemnls 
k 8tnd«i)t, nre of no importance. lie 
nnt a littb to the iiifluence of ^Vilkie 
or ibf 'i'pieoQisd/tlie vccinilric profeworof 
ttaturol pnilottopby.wlio fully recognisod bJi 
Dohtti. Fi;r>;u.>«'0n'8 Itigb spiriUaad tmpul- 
livel«uiper|[tot liimiiitooccitaianaldifficiutiea 
ith till- autbimtii-», but hti li-fl St. Androwfl 
Ttni by ttll who Itud known liini b««t. 
---ring finisht>d tlw four v«ini' curriculum 
bv retDmcd to btti widowt'd mutbcr in 1 704, 
KsoIthI not trt study for the ohnrch. 

In 1709 FV'rK<i^»<.inpnida visit t« tiis uncW, 
John Forhos, fll. Itoiind I*iolmot, Abi-rdwn* 
sliirc. While tlieiv ijord i'inlater one day 
diacdwitb l<'orbe«,wtiowiiBUAtiirwlly anxious 
to imroducv bis ncplivw uj hi« painjn. Ker> 
ptHium prpiicnted bimH^U' in mi untidy a dreM 
iliAt tbi' iindp n-'buked and rrfusMl U> proaent 
bim- ]'Vrgti«>H.iii b^n lli^ bi>UM> al oncv, and 
mode bi> way loKcbiiburghin ti]iil«of cmtTMt- 
'ics to n-turo. TbiTt; i-wms lo bt- no founda- 
iD for ihf Hlorii-H liil<l bv bi'i^ijibrn, wbicb 
ipruseni tbn uncle ha brutal, and Fer^B»>n 
aaretortiof;hYn)ic<v(-mipiiilli>itddr<iwedfroni 
UiB DearcAi |niblic-hniuii^. Nor Aon* it m-oio 
ibie tc connect with the *-pi»ode the two 

Wft * IVviiv of Fhundfliip and ' Af^inst 

opining Ht I'Virliino,' wliioli did not apt<t'«r 
II ftlxtui throe years Uti^r. VS'bile at Hound 
tobnot FvfguMvn wo* in the habtl uf teeom- 
iofl tbe wrvimU uu HuiiJikv*, and ]»v«c-biii)i 
< tbiini 'from ibc moulh of the nist-etjuik 
ilh Nitrli iinpn-mivr Cfrruumii Iij Iravn tliom 
atlufl in t'-nrft.' 

ForjfUMi>iiiU^;liDed to study mediciue. Ilia 
n«itiv« iiktiir^' hlimnlc Imm tlu^ propoMl, 
i| bif MJd ihal ho Minted lo bare in bis 
n prrson itytii|itoni8 ot evm* diiwa«t to 
bicb he gave r-iit-cial sit'tution. lie pru- 
uily fiiund a siimiiiou nii extractrng iJvrk 
tbvcommuuarycUTk'sollicrt, which bvht^ld 
Um 8im1 of hix life, wiUi Ihn rxception uf 



a faw months iu ibo ^JmriiT cli-rk's otfici>, from 
which hit WHa j^lad to rvtmnt. owing (o hiA 
pain in connection with iIki enforcing of t^c- 
cul ion*. Fftri^iKMin prubablv drspiwd tliw 
drudgpiT of law. In oav oub he found T hat 
Lv could writv poelry,aau bfwanw well known 
in Klinlturgh society. .Appuvntly he wan 
a buliU'itctory o^pyiu^-cletli, but it was a 
KOiitiiiiM relief to Kim when, aa early as I7tj0, 
bf> ' formcil an aoqiiaintanco with •overa) 
plnyers and muaicians.' Among these were 
Woods tho uctoT.and thGCamousungtr Tt^n- 
duix'i, for wbuw be wrote three soogs to be 
Buiig ill lUu opera 'Artaaierxeft.' Tbaesonga, 
eut to ihreti Uimilior Scottish oirSi while uol 
KJK-cIullv Hlrikid^' tTithiT iti nrntiniciit or Mt nio 
ture, are iinportaut as early illustration)) of 
Fnr)^iiuu>n'ii vflbrtM iti wrw. They ■«ciipT th*i 
tir»i place omnng bii^ ' Kngliah Pot'niii ' in the 
works as niiblisbed by Fullarton & Co., tb» 
mo«t aatisMctory edition. 

In 177 1 Fwrgusson became a regular con- 
tributor to Ruddinuut'a ' Weekly Magiuim-, 
or Edinburgh AmuMineut.' Ue be^u nvitli 
' t^atoraU,' according to the orthodox nieliiod 
of tht> cij^hlecnth century. PnasentlT. how- 
V\<-i, by the contribution of aeveral ScottiNb 
pCMtui, ha yraa hailed oa the direct sncoecsor 
to Allan Kanisay. From uU parta of th« 
conntiy hia fame Ix^n to be sounded, and 
before the end of 177:^ bu was Iho intimuto 
friend of many of the most important and 
tlte most gifted, men of Scotland. Ue waa 
invited by country gentlemen to spend holi- 
days ac tb'iir rv9>idcocua. Ue wania to baTo 
been a witty and entertaining companion. 
By tba und of 1772 be began to xulfi-r frum 
] want of Kufticient aelf-roatraint. In Ucto- 
I U-r of tluit year h<! ininml the ' Cape C'lub,' 
which included Havid Herd, the uditor uf 
'Scots ^ongs ami Bnlladit,' RunC-iniiin the 
printiiT.and other prominejit FJdinburgb citi- 
' tens. 'J'hc clnb wa« a somewhat excliisivu 
I and vtU-conductvd dAbating M>ci«ty. But 
tinfortiiimtelv be fretjuenled otlier haunts at 
limes, and hia only defence was iIm patbetio 
1 exelatuutitiu,' Ob, sir, luiythiug to forevt my 
poor mothf^r and theoc aching ftngCRsV 

In 1773 l-urgu#»ou colluded bia ooulribu- 

tioiui to lb<'nutg>itttif,audpubhshed through 

the Ruddimans « l^mo vulumv under thu 

' gimonl titbi ' Ptwnia by 11. Fi^rgusMin.' He 

' made 8ume money by the puUication, and 

be speedily produced other piecra tliat nddml 

I Ut hu fame, irirluding th« * .^dd^<'^w to the 

I Iron Kirk Ilell,''t*aller Wster.'lbe-ltieing* 

' and tlu''. Sit ting of the Session,' tbo' Odes lo 

thv IkHi und Uowditpink,' and the ' Farmer's 

' luijle,' tlw prololypi' of the ' Cottar's Salttr- 

'■ day Night, 'llie jHut, meanwhile, becamo 

, hopehns vwT his pruspocts, and thougbl of 



Fergusson 



364 



•crgusson 



pHns ro aem like his eliJor bmtlier Ileory, 
wbo ti&d b»*ii awAT for •fvrml yr&Ti. I'lti- 
iiutvlv hv rotunu-d tu bi)) dvok, miJ tvjum«d 
hilt runner Italiite. He would still mb^ Iiib 
SoottJeli Bon^ inrl inclulp- in on occaoioaal 
frolic, but tiu iiln>nK(li gnolimllY piv« way. 
A rhnitn- inl«rTu>w v-itJt ihe It^'v. JolmBmwn 
of Iliuiiliiigton «tAr(lr^ lum inio 11 •cnw <jf 
Ills flT>iritual pnsition. II<- biirm^i] Tnriniis 
uiiimlillBbed tauiuecripte, anil wnuld etmly 
nothinff but liia liiblt-. A fall down a ittKir- 
easn brouRht od bd illneaa tbat endt^d in in- 
lily. He hnd to btn roQfin«d in the public 
/lum. whpire ht diMl. n fnw Iioiira iift/r a 
pntht^tic interview with bis mother and bis 
MHlcr. Oft 1<1 Ort. 177-t. lie wa» buried in 
tilt! Canoiifpite cliun^liynrO, and a plain envi.'- 
stonewiDiapoMicalfpitaph wasplacMat his 
hvAd in 17^ bv l}iini]s i^'1r> did nut ^rruplu 
TnnwnhutiiidnlitednBVito KiTguH»citi. \Vln-n 
F<.-r^ua«oii r.acliL-s bia hiiflieel level, *b ha 
dm'Ji in his * Fariui'r']> Inglr,' ' licitb Ilacra,' 
tliij poemfi oa tlio itcsflinn, 'Caller Oyeten^' 
and ' Braid Claitb,' hie work ynseats the 
mn; f|Uiilitii!« of kMn obAen-niion, subtle imd 
liu^^estirG humour, epi^mmalic felicity, 
quick llaahAS of^lramalio dfliueation, and 
qiiiunil^v {nalhotio touches of Mniimi'iit, all . 
indicative of uiuiaual g;eniiU). ' 

Tlif principntfdittunBori'Vr^seoirspoonu 
ant : 'l*iiem»,' i77,'t; ' I'lu^mn on Varioiw 
Snb)ectD,* with a abort lif; by T. Kuddiman, 
1779; ' Pwrnw on Vari"U« Sufajfcte,' in two 
parts, Pnrth, ITf^O j ' Work* of itolx-rt. Fei^ 
gu6»oD,' with life by V. Irvine, aud three 
ttDgravinp, filasjrnw, ^^fH)■, ''ft'orkd,' wiili 
looffer biography, by A. iVterkin, Lt>n<lon, 
1807: ' Poema of Itoljfrt I-VrffiiiiBon,' wilh a 
Bhotch nf the nuihorV life and curranr v\rvF 
of hie wrilinffs. by J. Banningtoii, hondon, 
IhOI'; an edition in two voluicos, printed at 
Alnwivk in [i^M.witbeuffraviiic^ bvU'Jwicli; 
an edition print^^^ in Ivlinbiin^h in l8i;i,wilb 
lifir bv Jiuii'.'» Gmy of lliu bi((h stTbool ; oiju 
iidil*"!! by lUjIiert CliambiTd in 1840, with lifit 
nnd fjotnoles; nod 'The Worts of KoIhtt 
FecyiisMin," with lifn nud wway on poetical 
p-iiiii.». by A. B. fi^roparl], ]Hf»I. 

[Tlie »idiiioiia«f the Poenis, w'rili pfcfi««l \i\o- 
irrapbit«: AUx. CampbttU's lulrodiuiion (o the 
History of Poetry in Scotland: Irviii(;'« Lire* of 
t)ia .Scoliitb i\)e(!; Sofunwre'i Lifu uf Itfil.'ut-t 
Fanrusajn iCbainU'rH s BmineDt Scoiktumi :l'bain' 
bers*> life auti Worka of Itnru.] T. B. 

FEROUSSON. H< H(KRT CUTLA It 
(]7lWi-l«38), judp* advoraie-gftneral, fUfnX 
Koti of Ali'xniiilitr FcrpuMon of Craigtlarrook, 
Dunifrii^aahire. WAS bom in 17118. IIu waa 
well educated, and received in 1793 the 
oommeodation of Mra. Uiddall of Glen llid- 



dell (the friend of Bnnv 

tbiiig that ii rl>%nk>i< '''1 

haduln-ody publLsIi' ., 1 i--n -<'■• m 

rt-aftimcd trat-I, ''I Iji I'l ■;. . ■!! : ' 

ConntiM of Scot hind uuputi 

wilh (Hi*«wT«ii"ii* in tli>' 1 

ItelPgBllV 1 I'W. Tii 

favour of a v. I the ri-pre«'nl 

Fi:'rpi«--on now 51 vidifd Eni'I' ' 

al l.inri'ln'n Inn. and wii# •■ 

4. inly 1797 by thai >tocieiy. 

(|uaintancA with ihoicfornn 

lii* <*niploytnent. a» couniU'] i" m 

Alb-n.a poTVinal frii-nd nf hit own , who, alun 

wilb Jmii'-^l.t'Cfv/' k-' ■ - < ■' ■ r„ 

otbi?r*,w^slriodo! 
Maid«toDf,iilaiiil-. i - i- 
ivmarkabb- from tho rant iltatafi^ii 
of Ihtt Ifadiiiit wbijcn, Kr*)!!!!*-, Cbarli**; 
Fox, Sh-Tidan, the l>ake of Xorfolk. V 
John Kii!t»>dl.andolhvr(,oamt> forward a»«i4 
neswe for I.VCtninnr. Tli*! j ur>' n-lin^ at 
minutt-eaft'^rinidniKht.aud rt-turoi.'d at I.J^ 
Tli«y fmind O'Coicly jniiHy, and clw* trthf 
nut *^itly. TowartU tlit- f nd of (hn trial ! 
Iv.-ciuuvknowutbut soDieH«wSln«'t nina< 
wrv in court witb u wari-nnt to 
D'Connor on anotb'r cbarse of bijfh 
in ca>e of nri)iiittal. Imtn'-dintrtlr nt 
Juslicf BuHcr had *«tati-iietd 0'Coig^ 
befor** hi» had foirmnlly discharawl thc( 
O'CiinnoT RtepjM^ out of tbn dock and ' 
for the door. A ncfw. of (jrwit roufiusi^ 
followed. The offiirt-ra prc^«d forw 
*..'ito' thuir man. Hy apnili^nt or diwij- 
were Inipedfd by lh'> fVieniia of thepr 
Litfbljt Wt-re ovi;rtbrown, Btii-l* wtr*.- bran 
ii>hi-<l, and ftontctbinf: like a frf^ tight cmnue 
O'Connor wa<i, howoA-iT, sciwd and liroot 
back iind ijui<'ine** rwion-d. 

ForguMon, alon^ with ibo Karl of Thni 
nnd Othcrtf, was tt\<.-4 (i» lii« nltepedshnif ; 
thie riol nod atl^-mpK-d Tp«-m>. at tbi* harl 
the biiw's bench. 2'> April 1799. 'ITioil " 
the evidence wiw bv im means etroogl 
him, b^ wa-i found ffuilly, was flue 
onlcrod to \m imjiriwimit lor a yuir, 
Iind siiri-tie*. for (its p»od bi-bavionr forsi-i; 
^■var*. lie publijibed tb^ tatmn vear an 1 
count of ihc jiropei-diiijp with otjtorvatia 
of hii? own 1 ' Thi* wliole Pror'^ibniP' HE 
Infontiatioo exhibited ex otlirio bv tlnL 
Atlorn>'V-^IvUi.-ml a^ninat tb« Itiffh^V 
Savkvild', ICorl ofTbimet, Koberl twgiil 
RMiiire, and otberv.' &e.^ 

I'erdussou «x>n aftvr hii nh.-n**.' ■'iniffnil 
10 Calcutta, where be prnctiwd II* a htrrist 
III! was VervsucCMfiil, nwni totiie In-nd of tht 
local bar, ACii>d iVir ftiimA little time lUi •&•- 
I'jmey-ffenoral.and in twenty }'>-«r.-i ac^mi 
a large Tortuna. lie then retiimed he 



Fergusson 



3«5 



Fergusson 



stood in the lihonil intaKSl for xhe 

tr>- of Kirtcutlbrijjlil a^iutt (it'n*ral 

)unIop of Dunlop, and wn.^* aur^«fiful by s 

njoriiyofone. lie Timorously siiiiportcd all 

liberal measurcA, ' And hi« public f nnvr wafl 

triirularly marked by im idoqiii/nt nnd 

iiTpilic adTooftcy of the cjium- ni I'oland.' 

183^ he war nui(k- judgx: (idv»«ilc-gurK>ral, 

id on 10 Jul? was eworn of xUv privy 

ICnuDcil. How^m out. of office iind tvHinn-d 

wKh Lord Mclboiirao. l''orK>u*"H died at 

Pariit 18 N'lv. ]H.■!^, and was intenvd lit the 

familv vault, CraiRdiirrock. Hi- marrwd, 

17 >fay lftS2, n Fn-iirh liwly, n&nii.-<l Harifi 

I<wtA)>hiiii> Au^r, who Kurrivud lunif and by 

rhom he left two rhildrnn. 

[th-ut. Maf. JannATy IKUB. p. 91: Amlcrpoo's 
cnlti^h Nation, ii. lu; ; Fwler's Coll*iil*nf» 
I'ltlUfi; MimiborH f)f ParlianiBlit, S^cotlHixl, 
tfM: -^nUi Tridis, \o'.». ssri. and iirii. ; 
, BiddoU'it Mrcrs in Krrrs Life <,f Smdti*. 
aLlkCEdinlmcgb, 1811).] K.Wwr. 

FERGUSSON, WILUAM,M.1>. fl773- 
|K4iM,irta|»x'lor-g<-ii<-rHl(>|'iiiiliiKrr lio«(pitAl:S 
WKA 1mm at Ayr 10 Janv 177>}, of n nuaily 
l>f nutc in til" Ijtirimgii. l-'rmu \Uv Ayr aoa- 
Si^iny he w^nt to nttMid the niMlit'al cliuvf^ 
KdinUirgh, when* Iwi Knuluatwl M.U., 
if^^rwariU ntr<>ndiiig lh« I.<mdnn ho«pit<iI*. 
bi 1794 he became ii»islant-snjv"ni »ti thf 
irm}', and mtvuI in Ilolliind, thrt Wpst In- 
liM^ (li'i ItaLlic, the renijisuln, and in th« 
'«xi>t^ilifiiiaBiiiiistGuii'VIi>up'Mn I81S. Har- 
i«K retirtii fr-mi ih-! wnic« in 1B17, he aot- 
.iWl in prarlicr- at I-Minbur(fh, bul i\-mov^ 
fmirycara after to \Vind(Mjr oii lUo invita- 
lion <•( th* Dulii- of (lloiicMltT, on whoco 
ilaff hi- had h^u for twenty ycarfl. IIo ac- 
juin^ u lucmiive |ir>ic1ii.-o both in the town 
ind counlrv »i»ninil, whit-li h<> rarrifd on till 
184ft, when he wm di»bl<?d by piinilyKi^. 
" ' diiyl in January 1k4iI. Ilii ' Notm and 
nlloclionn nf a Prifi^sional Life,' a eol- 
etMD of hi» papor* on sarimm muIJitIh, 
> brought nut nUrr bin dr«»ib bv bid eon, 
lBIMiF«gtM.ion (IWOW IHWJ) [q.V.]. Ilw 
kf»Ta aro not all rtrtctly ncdicftl, onu 
xnAidvmbla M-etion nf ihv book bein^ on 
lilitarr tiielic>. TUefe it a >iilunbIo eoMy 
n ayphitu in Portugal, as nfl\<clinti the 
Dritinh IroopK and tbir native re«[)cctiv^ly 
tifed.-t.Air. Tram., 1H]3>; but tht! uio»L iin- 
rtanl «Miiy, ("T wliirb ForipinHoii mil Iki 
ibi>ivyl, ia that on the tnnrfih pniaon, re- 
xl from the 'TraRmclinnK of thn Itoral 
of K-linbiiivb; Jannai-y 1K20. lie 
pra1»bly the llr^ to do justiw, in a 
iMUuiuil M>uiie, to ibi* now familiar fa«> 
tbal malarial fevrn oftuti ocrur ou dry and 
^rrvo M>iU, nllier unnij )iUini or rocky 




uplands, where rotting ve|n-iat.ion ta out of 
tbM({i:i>stioD,hifiOwn experience having boeii 
pitnnl with tbt* iri'jop.i in Holland. Portuffal, 
and the West Indi«!i. This wait uu important 
eti'p towarda widening and rationalitiu); the 
doctrine of malaria. 

I^Bio^^mphirail prolnm br hi* «na to Nolo* and 
B«!0ll«li(in»,] ' C. C. 

FERGtrsSOK, Sir WILLIAM Om»- 
IH77}, fiiirg«on, son of Jauie» Kerguswm of 
IiOrhtnaben, Piimfric»^*hirt>.waA born at Pre^ 
lonpana on 20 March 180t}, and was (-du- 
celi-d tirtt at l^ochmabon nnd afti^rwanls «t 
tlw hitfli echool and univenity of I'Minbureh. 
Ac the agA of tine^n hi* Mran pl.nrnl by hia 
own doeire in a lawyer's officp, but t li«- work 
proviHl uni-on^i-ninl, and nt w>vi>i)teen he 
exrhanged law for infdicin4>, in lux'ordance 
withbiafBth«r'8originiil winbes. Il« became 
an aMtidurms pupil of 1>r. Itobcrt Enox (be 
noaloiniitt [<\. v.^, who wa» much plewMrd with 
a piMw of m«Jinni»ni whicli l-Vi^iatan con- 
gtmeted, and appoint<Kl liim at thr age of 
twenty detnonAtralor to bin rlaMiorrour buu* 
dftd pupihi. In MtJA Ferirufson becuinti a 
licentiate.aiid in IH'20 a fellow of [liv IMin- 
lnir:ph CoUegB of Surgeons. He rnntin»i?4l 
u>iiIouM in anatomy, often i>|tandinR from 
twoUe to fiitteftn lioura a day in ibe di»> 
ewting-rwom. Two of hie prvpar&tioiui, iid- 
mirahly dissrct^d, art- Niill )ir>*«^m'<d in iba 
mu&eum of the Edinbiin;h Colloge of Sur- 
gcon». Soon al^er qualifying FeiyiisMtn bt^ 
gaa Co deliver a porlkti of Ibv Irciurc-^ on 
general anatomy, in aaaocialion with Knox, 
and to denion«tralu )>urgical anatomy. In 
1H3I he was e|p<rt>sl Nurgnju to th« Edin- 
burgh Royal Dispenaan-, and In that yi<9ir 
lied the subulaviau artery, wbidi hnd ihen 
been done in Scotland only twion. (>n lOUct. 
1833 he married Miirfi Helen Hamilton Ran- 
krti, dniii;b(i<r and In'iresvof William llankea 
ol'.Spittli3haugh,P<!ebb»M>hir«>. Thii marriage 
plac«d bim in ea«v circumstance*, but ni! 
did not rtdax hia ^nbrta after mccvsa in opi?- 
ralire aurgery, and by ISyJ, when ho was 
oloeted surgeon to the Koyal Inlimary and 
fullow of tJiii Huyal Socivty of Kdinliurgb, 
he shared with Symo th« bmt snrfiirnl prao 
tic' in Scotland. 

In 1840 FiT^UMon accftptud tbeprofeMOT- 

, abip of sundry Hi Kind's ('ollc^. London, 

wilb till* «ur|i>ioTicy to Tving's College Hc»- 

F'tal, andMtabli«hi'dhimii«<lfat I>uvLT8in«t-, 
iccadilly. wlienoe he remoTpd in Ift47 to 
I Oi>orge StrMjI. HnnoTcr Square. H« bxcam* 
: M.IIX"^. Knifl. in WIU. and Mlow in 1844. 
His practice Ki*^" mpjdly, and tbn fnniw of 
I his opi.imtivu nkill bmuirbt many Miidi^nta 
I and vuilor* to King's Cullegu tloapitoL In 



Fergtisson 



366 



Fcrgnsson 



IStSlte WHS n{ipoint«d sariireon in oriiiiMry 
to the nrincf contort, uid in I8&6 tiirgeoo 
nsinuinlinary, nnd in 18fl7 KrgUDt-«urgw>ii 
to the ijiineii. For mftny venra Fer^Mon 
wufl ikv leBcUnfr oiN.<mtor iu l^ndoii. He 
wiiB ■■U-cled to the council of the ('ollece of 
Saif^iu in 1861, examinf^rin 18<]7, ana viis 
prewidont of thii coilcjpi in 1870. A* jini- 
fewor of humnn uuXomy and namn he de- 
livered two counu of leetoTB* muvu tb« 
Colkgn of Suimoniii in 18GI uiil 18BA, which 
^rete «fl«rwuaB publUbed. He vas prw)- 
dent of lbs P«thotopiriil Sociftjin 1859-flO, 
anrl nf the RntUh MMlirjiI A.t&ormlinn in 
IST^. In \t*7h he rec^^ived the honomrj de- 
force of LI..D. from) Kdinbur^ Univeriity. 
>li* r»'-«i(;in"l thi> iirof".«»or*b>p of wrgwy «t 
lvtn^''4 CoUpK(t in l^iJU. but nntit his dutU 
wiut t-llnical |>^o^>_^89<J^ of surKiin' uud toaior 
niirjii^Hn to King'V Coll*^ Hospital. JIk w«ji 
kIsu a fdl'jw of ihfj Koytl Society. Ho was 
Cmnti^ n bamni^ on 38 Jan. IRlWt, an honoor 
which IhI to lujirM^Tin^a presenlatinn from 
three hundred old pu^ls, consiitiiiK of o 
(lilm- df^itMt- MfTiM worth 4(X)/., at the ; 
nnnual ditine-r of old KiDj;,''8 Colte^ men on 
21 June I8ff6. He died in London attfT an ' 
oxhaustinir illnoK*, of Hri^ht'e diacaw. on ' 
10 FhS. 1H77, and wbs buned at We«t Lin- I 
t'On, Poeblmslitn:', where hts wifi) had bocn j 
burind in IHllO. H« wan auncaeded Eiy hl'< 
aon, 8ir Jamett Itanium Fer^seon ; a yoiin^ 
^on, Charles Hamilton, w a major in i\w ' 
■rmy ; h« Iuft beflidna three dftiiRhttTa. A 
portrait of bitn by Lehmiuin, pnidli'd liy »ul»- , 
acription, wa* pr*«cnt«l to the I.«ndnn Col- 
lagD of Sni^voiM in 1S74, and a replica is in | 
the Edinburoh Cailcgt- of Siti^^Mms. _ ; 
FenruMon srcputntton is that of a brilliant 
oporatorand a^ivBt'coiiservattro' Hur^^ipon. 
Tha term consonratiw ^ur^rr, firat appliixl 
by Fergujtton in le-Vi to operatiooa for the ' 
preaervation of part.* of th* body which would 
othfiTwisH have btwa ucriflct;d, doc* not d«>- 
notemomlvopiirationn which h« originated or ' 
improvnd, ioT Jame« Uraui {n. v. j had alroady 1 
been Ten? suwowfnl iti this rini» of pnoeediire. 
But Furpifwon extended lli't prinriple from 
the operation of excifion of the elbow joint 
tonianyothcTf. Noportionoflhp body which 
could ho tuufully prewrrcd wastoo email for 
him to make eiTorls to sore. Amonft opera- | 
tionii with which hi* name it specially identt- 
Rnd at« tfaoau for hantlip and cleft [nlatc, I 
and operationB on tho jaws, the excleion of I 
joints, notably the hip, knen-, and elbow, litho- 1 
tomy and lUhotrity. and antpiitAtinnfi of 
limbs. His skill in di«M>clioii, and hia care- 
ful Htody of theartinnflof the muaclea which 
lie bad to cut through, were nf es&pntial im- 
portance to hia suMftaa, In hia leciares at 



thaColleKe of fjur^wiu he v .^nai 

of thrwhundr'-dfiiioceMfiil >'j ■ if bi* 

own for kAn;lip. TIm oTM^nkiinn tor rMl 

palate had been laruttly abaniliined till lut 

l4Xik it up anew. Hia mnnipulntirn and 

chanical aVill «-a« •h-iwn bnth in hi', nu 

of (fperalini;, and iu thp new 

deviMn). Tile b»lldo|f furcep- 

foreleft palate, and ran. 

his in^attiiy. A siii: 

ability ronsisted in hi« |> ' 

every detail of an opcratmr- 

ein*i;ffenCT waa unprovided l>>r. 

an operation liad Ix^un. he pr 

remarksblo spe«d and silence till 

him«clf applying every liandiiiri' and 

•»d leavintT, as far n? '---iVi,. .,., 

of bis operation. So - 

his operations caiidiirl' :. > 

imagmi-d to b" im bnd term- 

aitta. Ilis punctuality and l 

neowomry waste nf time were vere utiirkcd, 

Afl a lectimir,out 'if the oporattn;.'ttL-''ilrif,'! 
FeTKuaaon did not shine, owinjr ' 
oenoeand his imptrfi^ct comtnnml 
eubjects; ulr bough on puint^ofprdt 
gave excellent instruction. In the ow 
theatre hiK rT>marl(i« on the ntses befor«>1 
were valuable awl inxtrrictive. To findv 
he waa moat kind and (reneroii«. H>* 
t'i HtiHlain much PiijwKiiinn, especially : 
S^-mc, but he did not imttato his op|»uent1 
miKle of controversy j and if on any occaaL 
lie imagined h>> baa Mid or done sn 
1» hurt another') feeling, hv m^nT 
till he had made ruparatian in Mime form. 

Fei^russonwasancxd.dlfiitcarjM-nter.riral- 
linft skilli^ artiaana. When 11 Hliident be 
tnado him«olf a hnia«-hound dif<.i>^jn}f caae, 
and in 1f^ completed n liibnirili', 'M-ith a 
no%-c1 rack and pinion, which he na-d t hnou^h- 
out life. He was a jrood rioliniat, an exj 
By-fisher, and lery fnnd of the drama, 
euduruuw was remarkable ; be nerer 1 
tirnd, and NcaroOr had a davV illrn.*! 
attacked by nritrtiT'sdianase. Howasti 
nilied, and of Korrd presence, of genial 
keen exprMflinti, fond of a jokf, and 
hospitable. lie readercd trmniiioui' af 
lam Dumben of olargyinen.BCtoiN., uutlm 
ana Kovemefww. Ho helped many of 
pupiU in starring in life, a large number nf 
whom altainud eminence na snr^^ms. H» 
never forgot tlui fkrw of a pupil. 

In »om« uxpnwiiana of opinion F.- 
waa itl-ndvi)u-d, mwctallr in n 
quiring more knowledge of phr-' 
hygieno than he poeaeased. His ey 
before the royal oommiasion on vivia 
and bis relations with homoeopailJc prac^ 
tttionera, which he was led to mo<liFi-, iu« 



■Uuc«a of thift. Hat hi* fauliA wera TkuIu 
rBympatbTinotofBelf-coticeitDrmlukranca 
r mticisin. 

¥ergamoa'» prinrinal vorlt is hin ' RyMem 

'' PracticxI SargBiy, LondoD, ISH; Titli i.>d, 

'70. n« ftlm WTOt* • L*rtnrf» nn iho IV*- 

?9ii of Adbcooit and Surc^ry durinif the 

il Century .'1 8»i7(aIftoinZ(j nnr/,18l«- 

18**71; uiid IV* followiiifT pni-tTis «u<l iiam- 

^'hli>I«: 'On Lirliojrity.'iii'lvtinburcl" Mi*Ai- 

klandSiir^icftl.Toumal.'Tol.xlir.; 'Account 

of tliu I itNi^-ctiini uf It I'ltit^'iil in wbom the 

iut>clavmn Artery had l»een Ti'-d for At'iI- 

rj- AnuHriEta.' in ' Londim mid li^dinbuixh 

Idiitlily Journa] of .MMJinil Kci«'not," S«'p- 

eubur 1841: 'Caeeof Aneurisin oftheln- 

iutninntn, trvaUKl bv LiR^turf "f 'h" Rigbt 

Mil) Artery," I'ft. Novi.-mh>'r ]*!ll ; • Intro- 

iwcttiry Lpcture at. Kinjf'a College, Ijondnn,' 

IftJfi: 'HiintiTian Oration.* 1871; 'Ob«r- 

KtJous on VW'tt I'aUte and oii Staplivlo- 

Bpliy.''Mpd,-C1iir.Tmn9..'vol.xxviii,;'(l"ft«i 

of Kxetdtoii of Ibe Up^KT Cudoflb^' I'V-mur,' 

\ ixviii. ; ' ("■«** of KM«ctiau nf lb«- Scapula,' 

xxsi. ; *Oa tbe Treatment of AnDtirism 

jti|iulalirin,' I'A. xl. ; sen al*0 * E^RCCt ' 

miiny ycara for rrpnru of bums und«r 

[H. Smith*« Sr W. Fawauoa, a Itio^raphiMl 
)k>>tcb, 1»7T. noUrgMl from Lsncpt. 17 F»b. 
is;:, pp. S5.i-8; Mislical Timoi. 17 VoK 1977. 
pp. IBfi-n; Drit. Med. Jo«im. 21 Pnb, 187". pp. 
tin. 2,willi ]>ortmit; LonBdHlp'aLirooDt.Knax, 
1870.] Q. T. B. 

FERIA, noriiiMB of. [See Dorubb, 

FERINQS, RICHAUD or (rf. ISOC), 
iruhbiiibtip iif Dublin, was ofEcial of Cant«r- 
btiry, ill whidi miMritv h<^ wm tbi- frinnd* 
':iip of Archbishop Peokhiun ilteff. Pifckkam, 
,f*S). In l'i79Iie waaprewnt Bi ibfcoiincil 
~ Kf^arlinir {ib. i. A^). In l^'^O ho vw also 
Its *lii>rt timeollicialof Wincbtwt^r, bavin); 
No.-ii ft|ii>^>intc(1 by Pdchhun diirin;^ a vacuicy 
ibf l<ii^npric; but buforv lontf I'eckliiiin 
ind bim so indiHpmublo that he bmnghl 
1 bock to Uautvrbiirv. and pnl Adain of 
Jm into the pcwt at lAindieittcr (lA, i. U8>. 
text viNu- Pfckliun madu liim arrhdeucon of 
rburv^urid in 12ft4trav>i him tbonMHon' 
'st«ll( near Sittiutrboomo, to be held in 
fitfoiN witb tbpnrt-hdencmrr (>&. i. 267, 
. 1 007 ). I'Vri 1^^ T^niAJ n cA arch<(eMon until 
Bj when he was opiwiiited by Pope Doni- 
llylll to tb« atvlibi»!ioi>ric of Dublin. 
Ills uf tbe two rival cliupUT* bad ton^ 
!iR eWtiona to that ami coiutant dtib- 
' disputfs. In 12t>7 William of Hal- 
I, hiuMlf a unmintH> oT thi* |k>]><' aflt'r a 
ODUMted election, died soon afl«r bi« cofiM- 




cralion. Early tii I*_W(.'Urisl(1iiin:hcWti^ 
A<IiunofBfllchun,nDdSt.Pairi['li'eehftii>ihfir 
dean, Tbomiut of rimdnwort h, for whom I he 
canons had pKvionnty t r»>d to iie<<un-l ht> nrch- 
biaboprio. In their hurry neither body had 
eecured the royal lioamK^toelsct. Both were 
accordingly summoned lo answer for the con- 
t«mpC,andth«l«mpon\lit4('«of OhriDtCburc'b 
wereforatimestVizod bv Kiuff ['>lward<Ao(. 
I'arl.i. 15i£). I'erinjrs'a appointment by the 
popu wiH con^uontly not opposod by the 
Idii^. lliBconwcrntioii vriui>n>MbLTslnoad, 
as it is not uoticMl in tht> KnfrHflh antbo- 
rilii.'*, tboUKli ibvdatu is |^ivciiasl200 in tho 
' Annnborin^Uud' publi-ibml witli thv '(Twi^ 
tukry of Si. Mnr>-"« Abbyy. Dublin ' (ii. 291 , 
RolU Snr.) It WHM not, howi>ri>r, until Jiuie 
IdOO thnt FirrinffB received from tli^i crown 
tile t«in[M>nilili>p« of hi« twf>, after n renuDcia- 
tion of nil lite wordt in tV bull of sppoint- 
nient wliicb were prejudicial to the royal 
autboritr {CalMdar qf Dorumfnti; Jrelaiut, 
l-m-MiHX, Nos. 7Jif, 7fil. i;ilh*r tbcec or 
No. 6:)3 must be miadaled a T»ar). 

Korin^ itpcni littb- of bis iims in Ireland. 
ilia concUialory tHmptir liil him U> lutTiinil 
attempt* lomakt! peace with dieappointedcan- 
didatvs and nngry ctinpl^nt. Kven U'for? hi$ 
oonserral ion bf haTI appoinled hia old ri\*Bl, 
Thomas of Chaden-ort h, hia vicar, tboufih ha 
RUbAequently fearM b'-M tlii* iiifirmiti««orac» 
made him unfit for the poe-t, and urged tiic 
cuiioruof St. Pntrick'aandChitdaworth him- 
aolf to rocommeod n Bt subxtit utu if bu vrtste 
iaafmhle(iU90V, /IiMt..St. J^trkk't.p. 116; 
Pbtnxb, Stvard*. ill. 043). lu 1300 ho suc- 
ceeded in permudintf the CAQOua of 8t. Pii> 
trick's ana tlie noMCR of Christ Chnrch ^a 
afrw to a ' finai and full concord,' wbitJi, 
miihi recoffnijiiiifl ttiat both cliiirch«w wire nf 
motropoliticalaod cklliedral mnk,|fnvfl('hrin 
Churcli, Bit the etdm fntuirlation, a certain 
bononuT prwwlenpe. (Tho oompoitition \a 
printwl In Mason's 'St, PalrickyApp.Ti) It 
wni" prtrbapn to conciliate the woundctl pride 
of Si. PnCrick's thai ht* conrinind to nisk-; 
C^adswoith hia vicai^^neral during hia fre- 

auont abMQCu abroad. Ln 1303 Im aim en- 
nw^ St, Patrick* with the new urplwndn 
of ^tn^tiil and Tipperkt^'vin, th<.' luiter of 
which «up|)ortM] two pnib(*»dariM| and in 
130i be exempted the prabendal ofaordiaa 
from the riailalionn of dean and arclMlmcon 
{Mabos, St. Patrii-k'/i, Apn. iii. me. vi.) tn 
the aacDc rear h)> aliio contirmed the arranm* 
mnnt« of lii» prcdoecasors in rvrfcnmcr 1o 8l. 
Patrick'* iUut.MSS. CWim. lOih lUTi.pt.v. 
p. L'17}. In 1SU2 he naigncd u, Kdmuud 
Buil'ir thnuauoruf HDUywood,n»r Ituhlin, 
whkch bad for sootv time boon in l)>p j)o^ 
wastan of the aee i^Ciiarf. Sf. Sfnty'^ AbAejft 



Ferm 



368 



Ferm 



ii. .130). In 1303 Ferinf^ wan summoned to 
thp ?ynjflHh parliament in hin capacity of 
archbishop of DuSlin (Pari. Writu, i. S74). 
T)i>>re Axv other precedentfl for this somewhat 
unusual course. His absence from Ireland 
wiiN on far recognised bj the king that he 
gavu Ferinffs special permission to have the 
mvenuf's of his see sent to England for his 
support (ChL Doc. Ireland, 1293-1301, No. 
fi^tK), and in letters of protection granted to 
him Hdward speaks of his being in Kngland 
* by the king's order' (lA, No. 848). During 
his archbishopric the great valuation of the 
Irish churches was gradually taken (sum- 
marised in Cat. I}!/". Ireland, 130:i~7), lie 
died on 170ct. 130fJ(.4Mw. /rf/<7«-/in (,'Aarf. 
Ht. Mnry't, ii. 3:U). 

[Kegifltrum Epintolarum J. Peclcham (Rolls 
P''r.);Calcnilarof I)ocuni"ntsrelfttinfrto Ireland ; 
ChnrtuUri<^, &c. of St. Miirj-'s Abliej, Dublin 
(HollnHer.); RfiUgof Piirlinment, vol. 1.; Prjnne's 
Hecords, vol. iii. ; Ware's Works concerning Ire- 
land, ed. Hiirris, i. 327-8 ; D'AIton's Memoirs nf 
the Arch bishops of Dublin, pp. 114-20; Mason's 
Uict. of St. I'litrick's.] T. F. T. 

FERM, FERME, FAHHOLME, or 
FAIRHOLM, OlIARLKS (1506-1617), 
principal of Krasurburgh University, was bom 
in Kdinburgh of obscure parentage. His name 
18 spelled in divers ways; he signs himself 
'Carol us riifinim' (after l-">88), and 'Chairlia 
Ferm' i'i\ Feb. ltJ05). ('iildcnvimil sjiella the 
namrt'l'arholme.' Adamsonlalinisi'sit 'Fer- 
mjriia.' He was brought up in the family of 
Ali'xiindcr (lUthrie, and entered the univer- 
sity of Kdiuburgli in 1581. In 15lS8 he pra- 
diinted M.A., and in October of that year was 
an unsnccesaful candidnle for a n'gency. On 
l.'i Dec. li'>8<> he was authorised by tlie pres- 
bytiTv to preach, when necessary, in the se- 
cond charge of the High Kirk, Kdinburgh. 
He Ktudied Hebrew and theology, and was 
elected regent in 1590, in which capacity ho 
grndualed a class of nineteen on 1 2 A ug. 159.3, 
and another of thirty-five on 30 .July 1507. 
Among his pupils were John Adamson (d. 
iri5:t) rq.v.J. Edward Urieo Tq-v.], David 
CiiMerwood [q. v.], Oliver Colt, professor of 
Latin nt Saumur, and \Villiam Craig, pro- 
fessor of theology there. 

In 1596 and again in 1597 'Mr. Charles 
Fairmc' wss called to the propo.oed second 
chfirge at Haddington, but he preferred his 
college work. On 1 2 Sept. 1598 ' Mr. Charles 
Ferume' preached in the HighKirk of Edin- 
burgh, later in the same year he was reported 
as 'gane to the north part*.' He accepted 
the charge of Philorth, Aberdeenshire, incor- 
porated in 1613 under the name of Fraser- 
burgh, the intention of the patron, Str Alex- 
ander Fraser ((2. 162S)[q.T.], being that F'erm 



should be the head of a uairerBity which hs 
was proposing to establish. Fraaer obtained 
a royal grant (I July 1592), confirming his 
possession of the lands of Philorth, and giving 
him powers to erect and endow a college and 
university. A ' spacious quadrangular build- 
ing' woB erected, of which l.*wis traces the 
remains at the west end of F'raaerburgh. In 
1594 the project was approved by parliament, 
which on 13 Dec. 1597 endowed the univei^ 
I sity with the revenues of the parishes of 
I * Phillorthe, Tyrie. Kremound, and Rathyn.' 
j The general assembly in 1597 sanctioned the 
appointment of Ferm as principal : but it ap- 
pears that he expected to resign his pastoral 
charge. On 21 March 16(X), F'raser having 
' refusit to intertaine a Pastour . . . vnlesse 
he vndertake both the said charges,' the as- 
sembly enjoined Ferm to fill both offices. 

F'erm's robust presbyterianism got him into 
trouble on the reconstitution of episcopacy. 
In October 1600 Peter Blackburn was ap- 
pointed bishop of Aberdeen, with a seat m 
parliament. Ferm denounced this innova- 
tion. In February 1605 he appeared before 
the privy council with John Forbes, to justify 
theirexcommnnicationoftheEarlofHuntlv. 
He was a member of the general assembly 
which met at Aberdeen on 2 July, and was 
about to hold proceedings, contrary to the 
king's injunction. For this irregularitv lie 
was imprisoned (3 Oct.) in Douno Castlo, 
Perthshire, at his own expenses. On 24 ( )ct. 
he was summoned to appear before the privy 
council, but would not own its authontv in 
causes spiritual, and made his escape. "lie 
was again cited for 24 Feb. 1607, appeareil 
before the council on 20 May, and again 
escapi-d.hidinghimselfforfour'davBin Edin- 
burgh. After incarceration at Stirling, and 
again at Doune, he was 'confynnod in the 
Hielands," nninely, in the island of Bute, and 
spent nearly three yesrs in prison. He appears 
to have received the stipend of Philorth 
(82/. I7«. %l.) in lf!07, but not in 1608, in 
wliich year he suffered mucli privation. After 
1609 he was restored to his parish and col- 
lege, and the university maintained an exist- 
ence till his death. He" died on 24 Sept. 1617, 
aged 51, and was buried in his church. 

Ferm published nothing, but after hia death 
two of his raanuscnpts were given to Adam- 
son by a pupil, Williara Hires. Adamstm 
intended to publish them both, but the ' Lec- 
tiones in Esterem' were not published, and 
are lost. The ' Analysis Logica in Epistolam 
Apostoli Pauli ad Romanos,' &c., Edinburgh, 
1661, 8vo, is all that remains of Ferm's class 
work at Fraserburgh. A translation, by Wil- 
liam Skae, was issued by the WodrowSocietv, 
1850, 8vo. 



Fermor 



369 



Fermor 



, [AiijHtjiion'a l-ri*1f ttkekli prefliM 10 Analysis. 

lA-'f) ; Ali<iii3<l«r'ii Lifv, prellxml to K I/i^KKt 

liuljnia. 1&50: Hew Scon's l-'iwti Kccle^Smiic 

|8«i i. 3A. itsTl ri. 62S. Otldcrvou-i'a KiM. 

(irk or Scotl^ 184^, vt. i^-i. »(2. 4t£. Tii. 21 ; 

it'ri«V Lift of MulcilU, 1821. ii. 400; F'nlci- 

bi% Booke vf tho t'nivanala Kirk of Sovtl , 

^%p MCiUwii-'t Ti-pogr. Diet. of Scftll, 18.il, 

;i pq.; llniV. Brt-1. ni.L ofSooil., IS8I. 

S. 378 : Atiilerwn'B }?«itli«b NAtion, IRii), ii. 2'I7 

g.. "iGO nq. ; drimt'" Story of fhc Univnmity of 

lilinbursli. 1884; T^olof Knd Quvrki, Tth Mr. 

ClSSOt. 190.] A. O. 

PERMOB, HENUIKTTA IX)UISA, 

JotTfTBSS OF PoJlySCT (rf. I7fill, IpIWI^ 

iter, WHS ihp only sun iving child nf J'>hn, 

id bATon JcffrtTs of Wcm. S^ropliine, 

fly Iiw wife l*dv Chirlotip Ih^rlxTl, cbiiijaliti^p 

", boreafi of Vhilip, earl of I'embroke and 

lODlfpnnery. Ou 14 July ]7J0 ibe w«a 

Barri«d to Tboma-t Fermor, AccoQd baron 

)miti£i-3r, who in Ilic following ytar was 

v-i»l*-il Kkflof Pomfrflt,or I'nnlffnirf, Vork- 

thirp. Fla wm afWrwards electM n. K.B., 

•ad in>Septemb(.T IT^Twasappointed coiuter 

of the boru to t^ntv-n Caroliiw, to whotn 

I a lso Ladv Pomfhit was one of the ladies of 

^Kho bislciiambcr. On the dtuth of tlio queen 

^Ki November 17^7 LnJy Pomfr«l. with ber 

^Hfrieni] Fmnr^H, colInlt^«s of llcrtfonJ, rclirM) 

^pfrDUi court. In Sc]it>^nibcr 1738 Ate nccum- 

BotiiM bur buAhaml on n tbrrv venrsi' lonr 

in France and ItnJv. Piirio^'lhi'ft-wmontlL'i 

ji-y tvmBJn"! nt Itomn I>iuly I'oinfrot in said 

hnvf iiniuwd liprsclf by writin|r 11 ' Life ' 

Vxidyck, At Fl'm-tii:*', where tbvy ai^ 

ivi-d on -0 liif. ]7'.\i\ Ihoy wvn^ viKitt-d by 

loncu Waln»le nnd Lndy M. W, Stoningu. 

^KT noon atti>rwnTdii relumed to Kneland 

way of Bnl-it'nn, Vonicp, Aufi^Mtrg^, 

Hfort.aud Ilnis'U'U. n^achiiiK home in 

lob«r llii. At Ihi'i DiicbcM of Norfolk's 

irrade in thi' followinij I'Vhmiirr the 

^trudgod ill liki' nilffnoin, with vaul 

I ill thLir hands '.' (W alpum:, U-ltera, Hd. 

}uDUiu|fb»in, i. IA'2). Lord I'mnfrvrt dji<(] 

] Julv i7o3,nod woa surcvedcd by his iddost 

1, liwirxf . ni" 1MM1V I'jilmvnfiniicfl obt>^!i?d 

lo sell tlit-furniTitn-ofhis.wAt at I-^'<to» 

(mton. Xorthnm{i;i>n«hir<<, His stntui-s, 

liioli had bi-'n jiiirt of Hw Anmdtlian col- 



^ctinn, nnd hnii U'li i>iir«h!iM'd )iy hiii gratid- 

b"ii|;hl by \u% moflit-r for nro- 

ttalioo to the iiniviirjiiy of OxTdrd (//. ii. 



). A tritcrof Lliiuilii<.i-tirhiS(.>d tit u iiilrpr 
, wnii prosrnU'd tu her bv th<^ unix'nr- 
V, 2"» I'Vb irVi ) l^inilvn Mni/. x%iv. KJl, 
'?), nnd a [Mii-to in b>T honour waw piih- 
Iwd ol rhfunl in tht- following y^nr. I^dy 
imfmt diod on th» rond to Itath Ui lh>i', 
roll kaving n family of four ooos and six 
VOL. XYIU. 



I daugblvn. Sbi> wu burivd at Easion Xea- 
toii, bill a Ill-lit cviKitnph wa* afiiTwnrd^ 
pftK-ted to hor memory in St. Mary's Ohun-h, 
Oxford. An vxcvUvnt wif" and mother, Lady 
PniDt'ri-t I'xpowci heiwlf tn con^ttAnt ridiculd 

I br wi§biiLc: to pan for a learned woman. 

I \Vftlpoh% who is never wrnry of Iniighing at 

I her * palirv lur of iii)nii6eant It'nniiitg and 

I absurdity /adds that she whs so utt«Iy desli- 

I I titc of bumoiir that ' sho repined when shfr 
. ebould Isu^b mid n-a»ODvd when sbu xliould 
I be divined.' She considered ' that 8wi(t 

I vrould huvtf written butttr if b» hud nover 
. wrilti-n ItidicrMiisly ' (Walpom:, LrtUrt, i, 
91, 160. I8l I. Another Hatincal Triend, \.u\y 
M. W. Afiititngii, found in l.a«ly Poinfret s 
letit>rs (wbioli were an dull and alFoctfld as 
hfrconTOrMlionjnll tb<^pIeaNun>of no aj^ree- 
ablfl niitbor [Tj-ftrn, «i. WbamoiilTi- and 
Thomas, ii. ttl-tf). Lady Bute, into wh'iw 
I)OMCM*ioQ ihese U-ttcrt af^nrwards camr.did 
not think them worth publiHhiug, Tbniv 
volumeaaf'Correspondrnoc between Kraneea 
Ooiiul«>M of Hartford (alWwards l^ucheaa 
ofSam«!nutt),iindHflQrii-tta Li>uiMa,(''OUutM0« 
of Pomfrcl, bi'twfMtn . . . 1738 and 1741,' 
went piihli.*b<>d at I»ndon In IHiVi, oiid s|piin 
in IWW, by 'William Binpley, at the doftire 
of Mm, ButwU-ni of Imbt'r IIoiim', Wiltsbitv, 
to whom t\w originals belonged. PirflxMl 
to vol i. is an eneia*'«d partnut of Lady 
Potnfrct from the orij^inal picture in crayons 
by Caroline VVatiion. 

[lliiiitlcr'.'' Memoir in ComspoodMise, \. xriii- 
xsvii. ; \Vnl|>ilo'a Unynl a&o Notde Anthoc* 
(Park), XT. 244-7; Burke'* Kxtinct Poam^, 
1 8113, pp. 298, 40S ; Collins's PMtan (Brydcea). 
ir.ZOii: Wa)pale'sI.MI«n(Caniii(igtuMB), nSii.i. 
ii. iii.; DriilgM** Northaniitoaihire, i. 280, 391; 
lAcly H. W. MoatA^'d Letcora (Vr'hamclitt aiM) 
Thomas), ii. Z4 ; KvaBn'a CnL uf Engnv«>l Por* 
traita. i. 27fl 1 O. G. 

FERMOR or FERMOUR. KICHAKI> 
{d. 1 iViL' ), ni''n~ii«r.t, i>r Welsh <lp''ic>'iit , wks- 
win and hi-ir of Tbomiu Kicard'«, aiiaa Frr- 
mor {d, 1-185), by Fiuinott«', dauj;bler and 
beiriiw of Simkin Herwv of Hi-rDfonlsLire, 
and widnw of Henry Wpnmon. Asa m*<t- 
chant of the staple of Calais he ftiiccr)>nfullv 
and eJ^ieiLvivcly ffiua^-d in comnivrvo. Iiu 
\& Kf^neritlly deeeribt'd as ft grocer, but he 
tradi.-d in vilk^, wliuol, and alTkiudxof com- 
nio<litii'«. fjtrly in lnl8 b" wait Kranlod by 
Marnari'l: of 8avoy,ar. IL-nrT V'Iir«rei|ti«wi, 
a paMport, i>nahlin|i bim to r.xport duty frpo 
from Flandfrs .•ilS,000 nuiires, i.e. 141,000 
biishel* of whiiBl (f^itrrw nntl Pnjirri of 
Ilrnty I'/II, i. 47-'V Oti 'iFi-b. iiiiht-Hamit 
year, and ui;sin on L'7 April lOIA, he rvouTi^ 
from till" Eo(:lish );tivcriiQii-ul lioi-iiiMi-i Ifiex- 
port iis buudrod taeia of wool. Un 2*.' Juljr 



l^ermor 



37* 



xrmor 



Ifilfi a ■li[i, the Out — Sm^H' calln it ' the 
Oast ' — of wliich Fermw was chief owiier, 
l&cti-vn with wool for Ititly. w&t dnren on to 
llv Zeeluudcott«i, and stiiuoofthuiiailoTs were 
tnkcti by Moorish ptrates. Un I I'eli. Io20- 
l&Sl 1- vrmor wfti «uc<!d tobo 1,100/. tiid>:U 
to tiif crowu, and in 1523 400/. In Dt-cem- 
ber 1524 bo WL'mti to hur<> viKiit'd Flon-m:'.-, 
mtd WAM uf inurh fiiiaiiciai uMUHtnticn lo Juliii 
Cl.-rk, \VoI.w'« agwit, wlio wa* wyolialin^ 
in Italy for AV*ol«>y'8 flection to tlif Mpttcy, 
Fi-miiir -wa* ana nf rliptrxwutor* nfHirJcJin 
Skflrin^un, aldennim of L(>n<)r>ii (31 l>ec. 
15L*4). (>n I.** Oct. ]o29 WoW owed 
124/. 8s. 9ii. t(»Ferniorforiii1t:^f(upplif!dhin]. 
In NoTembor ir»;i:i and NDvenilw^rlS.'i.'J Fer- 
mor wa* on thr- r(41 of Khi>riS's for B<■df^^pd- 
shir« and Uuckingliamdiire. 

Fcmior ainassi^ \aat landed property. As 
oorly W 10 July I-M-Jbi-nai- crunUHlscvvnl 
manom in Norfolk and SuDl'lIt, lutt^ly the 
properly of Edmund dt- la Pole, uarl of Suf- 
folk. Suli)u^ju<-.ntlr bu nblnini-d Ihi- nrnnor 
ofEaston NmIoq, N'arthamplon^bin', whem 
he took up bw nnideuo;, and many estates 
in neij^bbonrinfir roiinli<-ii. Tn April l.VW 
he, his broiher William, and anotner were 
glinted tlionext prf»cnifltion tollwlJvinftof 
Jtradnini-li, DevuutilurL'. HiHzuat uitsltoioau 
calbolic combine<t with Lie w<.>hUIi to bring 
UIKHibim llie animosity of lli«' inini«UTCrom- 
Wfil. lli« ooufMSor, Ntcliuiii* 'niayiif, wiui 
itnprifloned at Ruckinghnm m IfHO, Fwrraor 
pnid bim a vUif niiil gnvi- him iiil. and tu'» 
Bhin."!, On 2ft Mnv (aceording to Stow) 
procpi^in^ wori; taken against I'^ennor for 
this action under rhi-^ statute of pncmniiire ; 
bo was coounitled to the Marshalsea prison, 
«nd after trial in W^wtniinWvr flail wm 
etripj)ed of all hia nropenv. }if was flnon 
aUumid to retire to Wapenfmni, inllieneigh- 
bourhoud of BiiHton Nc-Mon, ami lived in iho 
parsonage there, the adrownon of which bad 
b(?loiic>-d to him. It itt ataicd cliot Will 
Hoiui^re, the JMter, had In-on in FirriuurV ser- t 
vice bofore he waa Iransferrrtl to tbi^ royal i 
housctliold. Somi'rs dt-ptored im former nsa- 1 
ter'f int«riirtiin''.i, und nn'ntitirnil thu nialtrr 
to Hfnry VIII, llie king i^ ><aid to have i 
exprw«i>d resre>: and to linvp directeil some 
n-paratifMi. In Ifii'iO, two yi'Jirs after H''nry'*t 
death, Fermnr wa* rtwtoivd lo fiis property, 
lie di«d suddenly at Kaslon Nestfn 1" Nor. 
ir>63, and wns liiirii.'d in the riiun'li tlior*?. 
lie mamed Anne, daufjhttn' i-.f tiir Willinm 
Browu, lord naynr of Lnndon, by wliotn hi> 
had fire Sana and fivcdnu^fbtTH. Ilin swL'otid 
ant) third v'lns, William and <!i^rfre, died in 
iiifanry. Hi)' f mrl.h »oii, rhiiraii^, *uc<'w<lwl 
t-o the proiwrly of Willtani, bis fath'-r's hro- ' 
tliiT, at aomortoii. Siii Jviis Flumou, his . 



pbWt son. I<rii)fliledy ()rt, lii.Vl, wa» rU 
M.P. furNonlianiptiinshire 11 .'*■ jit IrhiSi 
2tlS^-pt.lf;.V>. nbenff.irtb. . 
di.'dllMVT.1.571. Ho mar., 
tt-r of Nicholno, ton) Vaux «f llarr 
Northiunptonsbirf. by whom hf tmd ii 
olbiT iwue) amo.Oeorp;, wliodistit 
himself in the I<ow C-ounlrioA, wu 
by Leicester in loSC, waa nhnriff uf 
tmijilonvbirein li>s:>, travelled in Italy. etit 
lainM Jntm>-4 I an'i Qtiwn ' ■ ' 

>wlon II June IWX S, 
Man- Ciir*on. and bi^ h>-ir....: jilhh. 
father of Sir WilliaDi i-Vrm-Jr [q. v.] 

J Collins'* pBer»|pt.«-f ''■• *-- • "»" 
Letters and Pkp«ra of 
and Onirdacr. liI2-S'>. 
p. 680; Hall's Oironicis, p. iii; ilHdn 
Korthamplonsliire, i. 2V3i .SiTypr's Mnnorla 
I. i. 7-1 S. L. ' 

FERMOR,TlIOJIASWIl.LlAM,frtH 

EiKL or PoxrBET ( I770-lt*3a ), p-m-ral. se- 
cond niiK iif Ili-Drfp', ■H-rnnii .-arl of Pomfmt,. 
bv Mids Anna Maria I tray ton of .Sunbl 
fttiddlesex, was l"jm Qi Nov, 1770. 
lilfl he was appointc-d to an eiuift 
3rd guards. lie served in Flaodert i 
and was present at rhv battle nf Far 
8ifigX4 of Valenciennvsond ltunkirU,and 
battle of Lincelles. In 17iH he vma 
motod to a lifuli^nancy. llu Borrud in 
innil during lh>* retiellion, and in tli<- <*i 
dilion lo the lleldiT, wlu'W he [f*ok parti 
t)w **-Vi'r«l arlion*. On lit Marvb 1*»0( 
wai apjiointed to a company, with \he . 
of lieutenant-colonel, lie served wirh 
gtianls in the IVnin.'iuIn until hi» itroroot 
lu the rank of niaior-general, 4 Jutii? It 
For the bst'leor f>alamancA b«> r«ci*ive 
medal: andhewa.-'almia knight of thu t^:<r< 
guete order of llio Tower and Sw<'rd, wl 
ne obtainod permiAjnon to acoept II 
1813. His last ffummij-nion ns livutc 
general l)on; dale '27 .May l»Sii. He *d 
oeeded his brother f'>.'^>r)n) as futirth 
7 April iN-m P<i(nfr.-e, who was K.K.S. i 
F-S.A.,died 1*0 June l(i3;t.H i 
iJ^'il, Amabi-1 FliCTlMlli, t : 
Sir kirbard hnrouirh.hart., im <i.i<>iMj 
issue two «nn» srd two daiicbceni, 
Pomfrot marriM. *-condlv. m Maj . 
William Tlion'c. I'.H.. of lWBra»L- Chs 
Piinliwj ( Geitt. Miti/. new eer. ii. 101 >. 
wiitt (!ua.'<H'dL'«l by \\\>i «ld<4l aon, tto 
William Uirbanl,' fifth earl, who rlri^ 
niarrieii nn H June 1807 41V/. 4tb8r-r iv. K 
when Ibo earldtiin, bnruuv, and bar 
borame extinct. 

[Uonl. Mag. vol, ciii.pt. il. pp. TS-B; ' 
pMrroF!" (Uryl^M). ir. ]t07; Bnrka'a 
IVt-caiT). 1883. p. 008.] Q,j 



Ferraor 



37* 



Fermor 



FBRMOR.PABMEK, ^r PERMOtm, 
^IR \VII.UAM(UiL';i:- ltBi|^,n>v(»liM>WM 
(llw tl'!i.'«' son of l^ir IlikUoii I'vrmor, kiit., of 
|]-^Triii Ni-<iti>n, Ni>rttiiimnionslum, by bia 
r«Hvinil wile, Anna, duuf^bivr uf 8ir Wil- 
liam CoknynQ [<i. r.^.lord iuuy<ir uf I.oiiil'iii. 
Fir llniiun Furmor, tliir i^rcal-^nndson of 
llCteliafO Fermor [q. t,], w»« knighU^l liv 
JatnuB I ia 1003. nnd dinl in ItMU, -n-hr'n 
i>uiuit Anuu applii-«l for tW 1^-unlsbill of Ikt , 
»iii, who WM iiiKlnr npt {fftate Pap^rt, i 
[>'.iii.aiiirU'8l.lftl<H,l>.lMd). In thefol- 
■ iwiii;!' ymr Wjllinni wii« rri<«t>>d a )iHn>nt4, , 
Sept. I Br EKE, TMimt. and Kif. Pfem^, \ 
H(fr*», by tbp kinR. wHn iil*o (taT« biin the 
[cnmmiind of a trriop of hori«i-. ftmi nfti-rwnnlit 
' ! Lima privy eoiincillor til l'nmr?(-'hHrIes. 
^^lOrlivM po«ccab1x-,tlioii^'hn-iih (rroatly 
iinithvd meuut, »l ICii^tOTi N<-Muii diinDj; 
|lbt> C»inTDn»w(>Allb. Ilt^ ha<) lii (-')iu]ii'iitiii 
Hot hi^t^mii-* to tlicaiiiLmtil. uf l,1U0^.,h(!iiij{ 
ifLii, however, lo ciiHi>ct hit own rwnt4 ' 
DudiliuD ofiJityiDg (hem in in the use of 
iie (Tovt^niin-'iit (f)R!Xo, <^t. and It, f'onp. 
t'ttpfrs, Iflt SflT. XXTJ. f. ft!), In HnII, tbe 
i«iilhiinli<-» hxTtn^r tiisovcreil thut Fermor 
hail frtur f.r fivr> y^nr* M'or* innrrityl Mj»tj-, 
• dniijHiCiT of llucb Perry of London, nnd 
I viilow of ! It-nrj- S'lvl, Mwonil nan of V ti»coanl 
[i'mudi'ii, who brought him ati uvuiti.- ol IWOA, 
llhov obliirO'l him (o roiupounil for that nW) 
\iift. t. f>l ). Probubly fn>tn n priviti* f^iid^', 
[vlTorlj »^rr maile hy twn Niirtbiiiii|iti)nNliin! 

Syiitlonifn, "Willoupbby and lUcby. on dif- 
rivnl iMTiixionM, li> niiti hii< (.Oinrncl'T with 
Itbii j^Ti'iriment. Fermor wan flummonftd 
ib^rorf'lhiTounril.bnt it bariDg beenprored 
.ihnt the rvmrtAAf^itinjtt him were ftlanacroiic, 
and I bill Willan^hby and Dij^by bad <w;b 
cb«ll<-iip-<l bim to fifrht A duel, Ib^y were 
WTil 10 lb« T.iwcr ond forc-.il u> iipolo|^«c 
In K.-rmnr, white hu wa« commended for hi» 
- ' wi a niftn of hinoiir ' ( staU I'apcrt , 
■\ \>. 477. Iii41. I'p, :»:i. iilO. i-."!, 
Li;jl. -I'ti. yH7). In ItlS.* (I further cliiir)^' 
l^viM hnjiinht apiiiul Fvrmor of destroyiiif; 
llwt I'Mtwior'a dt»-r nnd fiu-iiiirii)(iiit; iWr- 
■U'«li>rr, hut, thuucb eummnned a^'ain Wfnrf 
til ' i-i>u»t'i). till piioinhiiM'nt i« r>><:(irdwl (^. 
i '•'''.)■■ :i'>t I. A MAJor Fannor was sent in 
Hv.'pi «ith n troop of lutrse to K"ciim C«HiaIc 
for MtiiK'k, but faih-d tii tJic ciitrmpt, Khun, 

"'' ■ ' '>t<l.-d ill tilt- city, inducing; tho 

I' htni MUl (UaEEU, Vhrvitictr, 

At >b" H("itiiniti"a Fi'mi"r'» 

I. In .Mnv lltlU) hi' l<K>k hi- 

. 1 vv council \M'f warmnt xiiftiixl 

bytiiiii.ili i\my,y^j.MS,-i:A-*J.m\-\\ nml 

ou S S\m\ filhiwinir '^"•' T-'-nrr.!-,}. M,I'. 

for '. !'nrl lliur ' iig 

iIm ■. liiviuiiit fur ■ I "f<' 




(W(i/*iV(;)«-jt. Dotn.Oli«rU-stI, 1661, p. 47). 
On 18 April he wm crratcd ai knight of tJi« 
Itath, nnd on the 23rd took part m tU« onro- 
nntion, hin 1&4t appearance in pubtiu. Hn 
di*-d ibrep wei'k'* al^crward«, M Mav, ■ few 
days after lh<' in^Tting of lh*> Carabor par- 
liament, having bvun too ill to take hia.aeat. 
(Villitis sHCri be:4 his death to «in«ll-pfix, CMVollt 
whih' ayKtstin^ in llit« cerumonii?.^ of uio 
kniufhtA of tbti Uuih St ibu coronntiun; but 
then- i« no other authority forthiiAlntement, 
which way liavw ari«'a"from the fact tliat 
Lady Fermor'A Bmt huAband di>-<I of that 
<li»eat<* {funeral Rertnon on ' l^dv M»r>- Far- 
mer' by John Ihibfonj. 8ir Vi'illiaiii was 
burit-'d at KiutoQ Neston. Hiswifc.hy whom 
lif! hnii livemns and two datichtcr9,»itrrtved 
him ten yeor» (rf. 1670t. The old«t win, 
WiUinm, wns ntifled to tho petim^ by the 
liil«!of I/)nlL<>oniinaterorLeupHterin 1092, 
and in wparnlely not.ici.-d, whilu his Ron ana 
wnwesMir, Thomaa, U.-cam« the lir«t mH of 
Pomfrvt in 17J1. 

[Oollin*'. Poemgo {m\. 1812). ir. 3U. 316; 
IJtidRM's KoTthnniptonitliirc, i. ] 1 1, •iia ; Kurth- 
uniplonshin Notca and itaariaa, rol. tii. pc sii. 
PI'- 78-8«.l E. T. B. 

FERMOR, Wn.LlAM, Iahii Lboiiix. 

tnv.v. (J. 171 1 ), ponnoiawur. wan the oldest 
s.m of Sir William Fermor, bart., of Kaiton 
N<«lon, Nort >iaraplou«tura t^- ■*'•]> ^y Mary, 
dauffhterof llii^Plerry of London and widow 
of iluury >w;l, acetrnd Mo of Edward, vi*. 
count L'kfflpdeu. lie aucoMdod a* eecoud 
baronet, in 1071, and was eleraled to tlm 
peerage, 12 April IB'.U, by the titk orB4ron 
LvmtMteror Leominaiprof Ijeomioater, ner»- 
fordaliire. He was tlirioe oarrird : lint, to 
Jane, daugbl<>r of Andrew Barker nf Fair- 
ford, OlDucvftiershin', by whom ho bad a 
danghCrr, Kti):nlii.<th, who died unmarried iu 
Mareh 1 7<tt ; (ie«<mdly, to tho Hon. K ntherina 
P-niNtt, daughter of'johii.tir»t lord Pouh-tt, 
br whom be had Mary, married to Sir John 
\Vodehout>i<, fourth barotiet. of KimhtirUtj, 
Norfolk: nnd. thirdly, lo l*dy Sophia Ow 
bi'mr, ilaii|;;bt(-r of TbOBUi!, lir^r. dukr of 
]jc(sla,aud widow of Donogh, lord Ibnckan, 
STUidMD and b«ir of Ilenrr, ocvcnth earl ui 
Tbniaond. Kv thin bidy, who sarrired until 
K IhT. 174<l,bi.' had u Min, Thomas, and four 
dnLi(;i)t-irM. Ijeomimli-r biiiU the liouM* and 
pUnurd the gnrdeii.« and pUotatioiis at lila»> 
Ion Nejioii, 'I'hf liiiiiw was ooraplct4Kl by 
NiphoU'' lUwkiinoor in 170*-, about twenty 
vtaTH after the erecti'm of ihfi wiufni by Sir 
L'hrijtlupher Wf>>ii. He ailofiwd thi' wliulu 
With |<art of till- Arundel marbl^it which ho 
hiid I'tirohaM^I am! which hii son hail octu* 
ally Iho teiucritT to alt/unpt to rcMoro with 



Feme 



372 



Feme 



the assistance of one GioTanniBattistaijuelfi, 
'a Bcholar of Camillo Rusconi.' The col- 
lection was aftenvards greatly neglected. 
' Coming back,' writes Walpole to Montagu 
on 20 May 1736, 'we aaw Easton Neeton, 
where in an old greenhouse is a wonderful 
fine statue of Tuliy haranguing a numerous 
assembly of decayed emperors, vestal vii^ns 
with new noses, Colossus's, Venus's, head- 
less carcases, and carcascless heads, pieces of 
tombs, and hieroglyphics ' {Letters, ed. Cun- 
ningham, i. 6). The marbles were presented 
in 1765 to the university of Oxford by Hen- 
rietta Louisa, countess of Pomfret [q. v.] 
A description of Easton Neston and its art 
treasures is included in the ' Catalogue of 
the Duke of Buckingham's Pictures,' 4to, 
London, 1766 (]m. 53-J(J6). Leominster died 
7 Dec. 1711, ana was succeeded by his only 
son, Thomas, who was advanced to an earl- 
dom 27 Dec. 1721 by the title of Earl of 
Pomfret, or Pontefract, Yorkshire. 

I^Collins'B Feerage (Brydgea), iv. 20S-6 ; 
Bridges's NorthamptoDBhiro, i. 289.] O. O. 

FERNE, HENRY (1002-1662), bishop 
of Chester, eighth and youngest son of the 
antiquary. Sir John Feme Tq. v.], was bom 
at York m 1602, while bis lather was secre- 
tary to the council of tbe north. After Sir 
John's deatb (about 1610) Lady Feme mar- 
ried Sir Thomas Nevill of Holt, Leicester- 
shire, by whose care Henry was educated at 
the free school of L'ppingbam, Uutlandshire. 
According to Wood (Athenee, ill. MS, ed. 
liliss), Feme entered St, Mary Hull, Oxford, 
as a commoner, in 1618, where he remaini-d 
two years under the tuition of a noted tutor ; 
but there is no mention of his matricula- 
tion in Clark's ' Registers.' A (tcorgeFeme 
of Cambridge wns incorporated M,.V. at Ox- 
ford 21 Feb. 1617-lH. In 1620 Henry was 
admitted pensiontr, and was afterwords fel- 
low of Trinity College, Cambridge. Soon 
after taking hm Jl.D. (1633) lie became do- 
mestic chaplain to Morton, bishop of Durham, 
who in about n year made him rector of Mas- 
bam, Yorkshire. He was afterwards pre- 
sented by his step-brother, Henry Xcvill, to 
the livingofMedhourne, Leicestershire, hold- 
ing also from lOil the urchdeaeonn- of Lei- 
cester, to which post he was presented bv tbo 
Bishop of Lincoln. In 1642 he went totam- 
bridge to take the degree of D.D., and spoke 
in answer to the Divinity Act at the Com- 
mencement. Returning to his living be first 
came under the king's notice by a permon 
lie preached before him at Leicester rn July, 
when Charles marched through on hU way 
to Nottingham. There also Feme, who seem's 
to have jomed the royal forces, again preached, 



and so pleased the king that he made him his 

. chaplain extraordinary, till an ordinary chsp- 

' laincy should fall vacant, which happeniiv 

' the next year Feme received the promised 

' post. Meantime he returned to MMlboume, 

j and in the autumn publiahed his first work, 

which was also the first pamphlet openly on 

the king's side, entitled * Tbe Resolving of 

I Conscience upon thisquestion: Whether upon 

1 such a supposition or case as is now usually 

' made (viz. the kingwill not discharge his trust, 

, but is bent or seduced to un-bend religion)^ 

' subjects may take arms and resist r and 

\ WhetherthatcaseianowP'Cambridge,1643, 

4to (2nd ed. Oxford, 1643), ' with an epistle 

to all the misse-led people of this land.' 

I Having thus declared himself. Feme was 

obliged to abandon his living, and retire to 

Oxford forsafety. Herein 1643 he took the 




ply to tbe storm of controversial literature 
which his first book had aroused : ' Conscience 
Satisfied, by H. Feme, D.D., by way of reply 
unto severall answers made to a treatise for- 
merly published for the resolving of conscience 
. . . especially unto that which is entitled a 
Fuller Answer,' Oxford, 18 April 1643, 4to ; 
and ' A Reply unto severall treatises plesd- 
j ing for the armes now taken up by subjects 
I in the pretended defence of Iteligion and 
Liberty. By H. Feme, D.D.,' Oxford, 16*3, 
4to {Brit. Mug. and Boill. Ca(aliiffues). As 
a furl her proof of royal favour, on a rumour 
I reaching Oxford that tbe headship of Trinity, 
Cambridge, was vacant by the death of the 
master, Charles would have promoted Ferae 
I to the post, but the news proving false he 
I gave him a patent for it, ' when it should 
jirove void.' Feme wns summoned, according 
I to Walker, before parliament as a delinquent. 
1 In 1644 he took part in tbe negtjtiations at 
I'xbridgeasclinplaintooneof thclordacom- 
mispionera, and there spoke by request upon 
the difi'erence betwe(;n episcopacy and prea- 
I byteritinism, publishing bis views upon the 
subject under the title of ' Episcopacy and 
1 Presbytery considered ; according to the 
' severall respects we may commend a church 
! government, and oblige good Christians to it,' 
I Oxford, 1644, 4to (Hodl. copy ; 2nd ed. 1647. 
Brit. Mus.) A few months after his return 
to Oxford be accompanied the king to tb* 
siege of Leicester, probably Iiouinc in the 
' event of success to return to Meuboume; 
but when the defeat of Naseby (14 Jun& 
164.5) shattered the royalist cause. Feme 
slippedaway from the battle-field to Newark, 
where he remained preaching to the garrison 
till tbe royal command came to them to su> 



Feme 



373 



Feme 



itder. U«nrtiradtoM>iiie)»Ul)Te«)n York- 

^tv, whitv lio remunad till Mimmoacd to 

•broobA 1>r hi" myol iniL*l*T. Hen' ho 

iichod thfl Mat Bertnnn C'harl'js Ii«ird b>'- 

liv WL'nl, up to LoDcloti ri)r Iiix Trial util 

IM-DtioDfUAemntTtlii published : ' Af^rmun 

Nerrqwrt, in ibc Isli; rtf Wight. l".t\oT. 
i, hang t he faiit day,' l^ti'lon. 1 t;^lB-D,4lo. 
*me <nu deprived of hi<) liviufi kdJ itfpiin 
^ilbdr>-wloVor((^hint(pr!ihablyioSaii<lWtlt, 
lusnce his will wa* dau-d iu 10'')^). Tb«r» 
livod qiiiorly upoti bis pnvAto in<^D# till 
^ JWlorniiuti.uublii^luuitbL'twfi.-ii i^l7«nd 
Kl a Aftriiisof IiieoingioU piimpblMs, i-hiuHy 
dvfi-iu.'« of the mrortiiod cbun'h iiguin>t 
Iliimitii rathoUr. : MIf ihi- l)ivi»inu Ix-- 
rLt-n ihtEutrlisbandlUtntialiChurehuauputi 
itfriirmntmn by n-nv uf miiiwi^r In I hit 
eminifly |ibiiAlblf i>ri'triir''tinf the Kniiiish 
^rty,'Lo[idon, 1*0 July UVili; •tVrt«iri Con- 
nide.rali'iii^ rif Prcsont Cnnccramt-nl tftuchinj; 
lisWpfnrnK'dC^uircllot'KD^lNnd.nichap.^r- 
Vutari-xnniination of Aiilliony Chiimiiiioyt, 
r. uftht! Sorlwrnic,' London, Ifi.VJ, tiJuio; 
C<jin[M.-i)diuu!i UUeourie upon Ihe cn*« u» 
MsniU bL*lWL-<!U ihd ('hiin.-l) uf Knfjlaud 
id vf Itoiui; nn tlm one luiini, and a^iiiii bt- 
irwii (bp witun Cbun-h uf Kiifiland ond iboi^ 
Coiif(T^yiiitiinKb*»t» w)ii<:b bavi.' divided fn>iii 
_it on thf-<>lh4>Tbftnd,Trindi^ii, lll.Vi, hvo, 2nd 
1. Bodl. ; 'A Bnef Surrey of AnlUjuity 
Ihii Trial of tbi- Koinish Ohurch;* 'An 
alarfT'.-d AiiHwer to Mr. ij|wi)«!r'd book, en- 
pllcd "t^ripture Mulaktm,'" Loudon, (!<vo, 

In lUoO Firne damd to oeiuuirv ' Ocoana,' 
torpy bavin|^'b<>on stint bim bv TTumnirloii'd 
"ikT, wb«ix'iipy« thi- author ituhlisbi-^l tin; 
rn«.{ioiidi>RC<i that pii.«9>ivi l»rtw«--n tbiin, 
idiTtbi' litlvof rinnl'iuio: oriatfreourtHj 
Itwoon 11. F.,lM>.,ntiil.l. lliirrinf(t<m,ICMj., 
OccAMon of Iht! I'r.'n ci-ncurv of liw 
nin(mwvaIlJiMfO.*«iia.' lIlMMliodi.) At 
Ili> ItciftoMlion CharK'-i 11 nt niti'i! tonfirnxHl 
nn fatht'rS pal(-nt to tVmo of tW maslcr- 
J^ of Trinity College, Cambridpo, and 
ansf; lb« «i|jhlv<'n uioiith< of h'u. hi'n(Ubtp 
wha tvicv uadi- \ic£<-chuncrUor < lliOU 
ltd lIHSn. Ill' thon'tMl hit uiL>drrnliou by 
Imillinj^nll who bad Im-^ii miidi< fidlovts of 
nnily nndrr ibu r<jiiiinonHL>alib, nod bia 
|msMt«n<^y by only xiilTiTinit tlioM? diviiira 
Irlio wt'nt roaformnbli' and had n-noonw-d 
»wibvt<Tiiini«ni lo [ifJirb nt St. Mary's, 
irlv in 14HI1 1-Vmi Bl-.or.><-riv«tl tbedcaiwiy 
' Ely, ]>r>n)i»o<l i-> Imn by a royal warrant 
9m HriiwlB in l<-'>',t ih'KJfsnrT. p. tui). 
ic vn* ixtnurrni'it 10 ]■'•];. mid iiiitnllt^ 
March [ittKI 1, and wiM tnieo jinibviior 
iJoKvrboiucofcnnvouati'iii during I bal 



Vfttr. In ItUI'J be reaigotfd bia naatACtbip, 
deiuiory, eittd Mtxlbounie (lo which lirinfj; bu 
liud bei-n rvKloreil at Ibe ltt^stontj(m), on 
beiiiK JTUinotvd tutlR'sct'ofClipster, wh'-'mhc 
»iicc<*i-d«d llr, Wtillon, whoiiilo-iminid lohiivii 
b'_'Ipi;d in ht& Polyglot, Ttiblir. Fernp waa con- 
j»'i-r.i(i!d bixlmpijf ('b'-nli-r iiii rfbrovti Sunday 
(!> Fob. IttiJI l',), bill di.-df,vfl«l,lvfivi'W(*>ka 
afterwunb (Sunday. 16 March) in tlia houM 
of hix kiniimnn, Mr, Xevill, in St. Paul's 
Cburchrard. Hn wtu^ burifd '2tt ^larch in St. 
l-Viniund'»0bBpel,We8tiDin*t(T Abbey, where 
he lie:! under n litm^it 'n-itb his imns and a 
Latin inscription, which rocords that he at- 
tftid'td Chnrtes I during! his impriMnmeDtA 
alnio^L to the last. Two beruldv, iu tokvuof 
royal n«p«:t, ott^ndinl bis funeral. A cu- 
rious proof uf his (.'imscit.<nl iousnett is giveu 
in his will : a bf^ur-Jtl of 10/. to Trinity Col- 
I^ffv, ' by war of n«lituti<in, fi<arin^ that I 
did nol diiKlinr]^ tboM^ IX'".T ■l>'WHrd»htpH 
(which laoroelimelmrftlhiTOonfnilbfnllyaa 
I nhindd.' He left nionfv to ilii- poor of thrvG 
Yorkiibini p.in»b'--i, and four ' p(M>r niinlitter*,' 
nbile hU ■ belovwd brolber-iu-Law, Cltuivut 
Ni-vill,' at who*' bouae h«» died, receivod hia 
library (it. p. OH). Wood und Kcnn«tt 
both i;ivu biiB an excellent character, not 
only for d^rvotiun and piety, but for a swout 
temper under all hin tnaU. • One who knew 
bini from bia youth 'told Wood that 'bid only 
fault WHO t lint heciiiild not lie utifry' (AtAnta, 
ed. Bliss, viii. 'WH ). Beaideu th.i works fpvt'n 
above In- publiolu-d ' A .Sermon on Judfftw v. 
m, pr^Aclipd at ihe pnblique fnAt" IS -April 
ItJ44, at Si. Marie's, O,\ford, before the mem- 
bc-rti of th« hon. llmitr uf Commons them 
aaaembled,' O.xfurd, 1«U1, 4(0 ; 'An Apwial 
lo Scrioture nnd Anriipiityun the ijuestioaa 
uf the Worship and Inrocation of Saints and 
Annels.&cagaiiut thv lUfmaniata,' London, 
IWi'i, iL'mo. 

( llrit . Xus. Cat. of Printed Hooka ; Bodl. Cat. ; 
W»lkpr'- STiiV-rLii ^ ..f ttio Clargy, pt, ii, p. 43; 
NHhoU '.721: Chiumen'aBiog. 

Diot., I ' Jiivr Abht-T Itag.l 

B, T. B. 

FERNE, Sir JOHN (rf. IClO."). wrilw 
on bcfiildry, wo* the .ion of Wtlli>ni I'eniA 
of Ti'mple lielwood in ibe iaie of Axlvolmo, 
Linenlnibin-, wbocnm*' ongumlly from Ihm- 
raaler, Yorkshire, by hl-< wife Ann, daupbti-r 
and beiresAof John Shefteldof Bultofl.Lin- 
colnnbirr-. When about MVmlMii yaarti uf 
a\tv ho waa acni lo (>Kf>ird, and iihurvd, aa 
Wood roncoivr4, fiither nt St Marv'o Hall 
or at L'niver^iiy CollcKe; bnl, b'a\intf thn 
unitenuty without « dct^n-r, Imi entumd biin- 
celf a rtiideni of the Inner Temple in No- 
1 vfinXirr \'iH\{tStuiJftitt tnlmiftni to tht iHni-r 
1 Temyte, ldJ7-l(KKI, ed. W. IL Cooke, }f. tU, 



Feme 



374 



Fcrneley 



-where Feme is described as of Utioxeter, the 
' second son of Sir John Feme of Temple 
Belwood '). In 1586 be published at London 
a learned work in quarto entitled'The Blazon 
of Gentrie : deuided into two parts. The 
first named, the fllorie of Generoaitie ; the 
second, Lacye's Xobilltie. Comprehending 
DigcouFBes of Armes and of Gentrj- ; Wherein 
is treated of the Beginning, Parts, and De- 
grees of GentleneBse, with her Lawes : Of 
the Bearing and Blazon of Cote-Armors, of 
the Lawes of Armes and of Combats. Com- 
piled by John Feme, Gentleman, for the In- 
struction of all Gentlemen bearers of Amies, 
whome and none other this worke con- 
cemetli.' Although tedious and pedantic the 
treatise is full of curious information, and 
far above the le\el of the early heraldic 
writers. It is written in the form of a dia- 
logue, alternately supported by six interlo- 
cutors, representing a herald, a knight, a 
divine, a lawyer, an antiquary, and a plough- 
man. The dialogue is not without dramatic 
spirit, particularly that assigned to Collu- 
mell, the ploughman, who speaks freely both 
the language and opinions of the yeomanry 
at that time on several points, but especially 
on the reformation ; nor are the strong pre- 
judices of ParadinuB, the herald, and Tor- 
miatus, the knight, described with less force. 
The first ptirt was written when Ferni' was 
beginnictf his legal studies. His work lay 
by liim in manuscript, and its publication 
arose out of a curious incident. In 1583 a 
foreigner, who called himself Albertus il 
Lasco, count-palatiue of Syrndia in Poland, 
came to Kngland, wiis received with great 
honours at the court and university, and 
disappeared after four months, leaving his 
bills unpaid. Feme, who made his acquaint- 
anci', told him (if he did not knowitalnuidy) 
ihat a distinguished Fnglish family was 
named Lacy, and Lasco claimed to be de- 
scended from it. He engaged Feme to writu 
a treatiseou thodescentof the Lacys. When 
the imposture was discovered reports preju- 
dicial to Feme were circulated, and he 
thought it necessar\- to publish what lie had 
communicated to ii Lnscn. If he delivered 
nothing to ik Lasco but what appears in llie 
Bcroiul part of his book, he was not giiilty of 
genealogical flattery. It is n very faithful 
investigation of the descent of that house, 
and fatal to i\ Losco'a claims. Many wood- 
cuts of the arms, qunrterings, and impnle- 
mentsof the Farls of Lincoln are introduced 
in this latter treatise. On 13 Aug. lAUo 
Feme was appointed by the queen dejiutv- 
Bccretary of the council of the north at York, 
in succession to Balph Rokeby, junior, de- 
ceased (Cal. State Papers, Dom. ir)9i>-", p. 



93). He proved himself a hard-working offi- 
cial, persecuted the Roman catholics with 
cheerful alacrity, and amassed considerable 
wealth. Bv 7 June 1604 he was knighted, 
and received from the king, along with Sir 
William Gee, the officeof secretary and keeper 
of the signet in the north (lA. 1603-10, p. lit*). 
He seems to have been dead at the end of 
1609 or beginning of 1610. It is, however^ 
worth noting that a John Feme, son of Wil- 
liam Feme, died 26 Aug. 1615, and wb» 
buried in Belton Church (Stokehocse, Hist. 
of the Isle (if A.vholme, p. 324), but he is not 
styled a knight. Ferae married Elizabeth^ 
fourth daughter of John Nedhom of Wy- 
mondley I'riory, llertfordsliire (CLrtTEB- 
BUCK, ilerifordthire, ii. 560). By this Udy, 
who remarried Sir Thomas Smith, called 
Nevill, of Holt, Leicestershire (Ls Nete, 
A'xt^Afs, llarl.Soc. p.37r)),hehad8everalsDns» 
of whom Henry Feme [q. v.], the youngest, 
was afterwards bishop of Chester, 

[Wood's Athenae Oxon. (Bliss), ii. 8.5-6; 
Mould's Bibliotheca Ileraldica, pp. 31-3; Chal- 
mers's Biog. Diet. ziv. 211-12; StODehoiis«'a 
Hist, of the Isle of Axholme, pp. 346-51 ; Qent. 
Mug. vol. liii.; Hunter's DoDcoster, voL i.; Cnl. 
SUte Papore, Uom. 1596-1610.] G. G. 

FERNELET, JOHN (1782-1860), ani- 
mal piiiuter, born at Tlirussington, Lt'ices- 
tershire, on IS May 178i, was the soq of a 
wheelwright, and was apprenticed to his 
father's trade. He, however, soon showed a 
taste for painting, and used to copy ]ncture3 
which were h'nt to him, besides painting the 
fort^lioartls of wagons with colours prepared 
by himself, and obtained from the town of 
Leicesterduriiig his free Saturday afternoons. 
At the ago of twenlv-one, in 1803, he was 
sent by bis father to London to study under 
Ben Marshall, ijio best known painter of 
horse.s at that time, and remained about a 
year under his tuition, spending an intenal 
of six monllisat Hover, where he painted pic- 
tures for tlui oilicers of the Leicestershire 
militia, then stationed at Dover Castle. In 
lyOli Mr. .Vssheton Smith [q. v.], who had 
just ]iurchiised the Quoni hounds, sent for 
Ferneli'V to (Juorndon, and had some large 
hunt ing pictures painted bviiim. These, and 
some similiir pictures painted for Lord'Tam- 
worlh at Stiintou Harold, gained him a re- 
putation, and established for him a practice, 
in which, th(Hijih not one of the higher 
branches of the art, he became almost un- 
rivalled, and enjoyed on unlimited patron- 
age fi»r about fifty years. In 1809-iO and 
1812 Femeley was in Ireland, painting pic- 
tures for the Earl of Belmore, Lord Lismore, 
Lord Rossmore, and many otfaera. He re- 



Ferrabce 



375 



Ferrabosco 




lumcd to btH nativtf rounlTT.mnrrii-tlfUidm i 
1814 wtnLluih^ liiniMi'iral jilt-ltoii .Mowbray, , 
rhi>n- he maicJed until bUdt.'Atl),onlT havinft 
for tnt>fp«iHi,m«l vinitJi. Mv jiJiinti^i in nu- 
bble portraiM of himrin^ weni>«, nnd of 
' uobtuQien aod gontrv who werw thcfbiwf 
of tlio »pon. Thougb Dot a grciit 
or n llutsued artist, be pOMcesed iti- 
ry and the art of pleiuinK bis pntmiv*, 
ilh rooFt of vhom ho vwia on tertn* of ih'r- 
'labip, bccomiiifc by def[T«.'s oiib of ' 
lown charactf^rs in Melton Moir- 
:_si>L-ii'ty. Tbcni ie baixlly « houM- in the 
„_ tnliabited bysporumeii liiat dof-snol 
tBomeiipceimenyf Ft-rntlfv'e work. liv 
lionilr inintiil titrf,o>ucliinft, andMbcr 
'norting Buuiecu, but tb? cbaso wob his bpo- 
cMlitjr, and brougbt out bis Ixrtit work. l-t*r- 
dic<d 3 Jnnf 18(t0, nnd wiui bunml at 
ton. Up marripd, Krat, Mi«» ^nl!y 
I (^ 1830), by trhom ht> lind wven rbil- 
drcu. of whom two followed hi-i prof'-nsiou : 
_jQbn (I8i5-1»*K), who readed chii-fly in 
[nrU)'liir<r, paiulinK bunting; and njUiiory 
itvturrN, and (.'luude l^niiue, xtill liTinj;. a 
ape and animal painler, Kcrni'Irv inar- 
^wcondtv, MiMs Ann Allan {(/. lfi&:i),bT 
Vnm lift hnd one son. I'Vmeb'V was a fro- 
lueni exbibitor and TiKitor nt tlii' Ixinilori 
tbitiTtionA ; tnftny of his ]>icturf>a haTe bpen 
iffivved in tbe 'Sportinjr Mu^zmv' and 
tficr Bimdar work*. 

[NrTSporliRg Mitjtndfio, July 1840; I^ins- 
"iiira NMViif^.3 JiinelSGO; Royal Academy 
ataloRncM ; pnrat« inronnaLton] ]>. ('. 

PERKABEE, GEORGE (J, 1013). 
r8«« l-"tKi:ar. " 

FERRAB0800 op FERABOSOO, 

,_\l.KiNSti (_/».] 644-87). rou^icul c<ymyoi'-r. 

nthbiit<>d tnadri^rabi and motvta lu Iho sot 

imHi »N*'I-.ti-t i.v Cipriano di Itnn* and 

ibliUii-d ' in Vonicfl in 1M4. Ho 

L'amj't'jli I < I in l^nglnnd, possibly nt. 

nvnwirb, Boino timi> bffoni IGU.. wht'H a 

timni waa coDfcrrfd iipftn bini by IJiiwm 

iuihi'th. In a Utir wnltcn liv biiu lo 

cil, IO:^cpl. 16C" yState J'operr. l'!lii. 1 '«in. 

r, v<d. xlir. No. 4), )mi biijh that ho has 

hwrdof the cinwn'Niniinliou from 'tbflSijfr. 

nt"di l.*>.iiter'(I,cio>).tt'r), nnd ibal. bi-inft 

nablo t>i n<lit t broiitfb indii'7>o«iiioii, he writi'i 

' ■' t ' :• '.it mnv Ix" iMnlinmd to 

■ ih. Th'- mention iif hii 

■IT' luiiii,-- iL !■.. -■■iinl jiri.t" ' ' ■■ •' ■■' his son 

iri.u!ni{(/. lllL'Ki n v., ^^ Uimar 

thif iimt'. l>iirit;jf Lis r l^ncland 

?b>"fiimr' inlinint<> willi '>' 'd, with 

h-ini h>' bad *ii MiniLrn > in lituo 

lud"' v|"in til' .' which 

itii<>tilk>>ni-i • I ; : I I to kavo 



been the composition nf forty different set^ 
tinpiof t)ivpUin«onp,not,aEstateditiGrvvuV 
' Oirtionnry ' nnd tWwbero. owpomposition 
in forty ]uirl9. Their productions urewafter- 
wartltt piibliiibFd by RaM, Uinkr th« tilli; of 
' MwliiUii Musicki',' in 1*S03 (we MoiiLKt, 
JnfroduclioM to J'ntrticali Miditickr, \x, llo; 
kI«o BiKD, AViLLiAU, and £a!)T, Tiiohas). 
' Alplmn:^'*,' B? Ik wa* usually called, atuincd 
togrofltrcimtationinKniilandfandl'i-aL'hau], 
in bis 'CVmpk'oL tivntivmaii ' (wl. lUOl, p. 
J02), sayj-: '.Mphim.io Fcnibo»ci> tin- fathiTi 
while he livid, for judgi'tnvnt and deptJi of 
pkill liu nUu his son ycL livins), wim in- 
fitriour unto noitp; what he did wiiii most 
i^lnborat« and profnund, and ple«s^in^' t^nou^b 
in Aire. ihoti^Ii Maxtor Thotna,'* Morb-y <-i:a- 
«urftb hiui oibcrwise. That of hU " 1 saw 
my Lady woopin?" and "The Niphtinpiilo" 
(upon wLiob Ditty Mu^tvr Lbrd iind lit- in a 
tri<-iidl_> rrmnlntion exercised their inveai ion) 
caimnt bu betton-d for swuctaWM of Ayrt) or 
diipth (if jnil}irmi-nt.' Morley'fi cetuiure, it 
may be olwerved, in not to be found, hut he 
recommi?nd« him to tbo stndt'ot nt nn ux- 
amplo of 'divip skill' {^Inlrorl, p. IMJ), • Tho 
NigbliuKale' here noticed wa» not comj>i'Si»d 
lo the finKii»h wonls. but waa adapu^i by 
Nichula.1 Vou^i.-for bi^'Mustca TruiMli>iDa' 
from an early compi>»iliOn of Fi-rrabor'co'a. 
Tbir 'frieiidlv iiimulalinn' id prybably auoLher 
T4>n>ioi) of ifce Mory told by Jlorlej as to the 
[ilainBong'Misernro.' The wrilt-r ha» btwn 
Diial»d by th^ fuel thai Ityrd uUn aet the 
worda 'The Ni?hlingale, so pU-a«vnt and «o 
gay.' Pcacham » authority Iwini; (hint ilouirt- 
lul, "«•-- may snrmiiie tluit for ' ton ' wp ahouU 
read 'grandson.' Intbelatterpart of bis lifo 
Fprmhosoo rettimed to Italy, and publirhod 
his 'wcoad' bool< of iniidrLgabi in Venice 
(lturdaQO>in 1587 ( possiblv the conlributiona 
to Cipriano di HoroV collection mnked as 
bi« tint wax). From the tiile-)«ge and pre- 
face we ^tiier that he hod taken service at 
tile ducal i-ourt of 8uvoy. He rolls him- 
self ' irrnlilliuomo AvW Alleua di Mnvoia,' 
and the madriffalfl are dedicated loCalberiuQ 
of Aii^tnii, infanta of Hiiiiin nnd duchiw* o( 
Rovoy. The ^m-face i» dated • Ventiiia, il dl 
'1, Sr'ttembrio, Ifih".' There is no «>vi[lfnru 
As to hi» hating comd back to Kn^land : in- 
dwd, bad it !»•.•<'« so, his romposiiinns could 
hardly wirh justice havo been inclndt'd in 
Yonpj's • Slutjta Tmn»alpina,' whieh coo- 
KtHted r-xcliwiirly uf work* hy forciftii com- 
pOM.-H', with IIh' eiu^It- exri'pti'in of lt>'nlt 
m*'ntionM on (ho litl>»jiii^. Ih-nideN th4 
pnnt«il puri-lMmks in wliirb bincotaptnitioDa 
atv coiitttine'l, and which arc, of oouror, of 
»x(r*mfrarity,nwdri|fnl*lty him are included 
ie many of tbv modem collections, atid moao- 



^^"•"~ 



Ferrabosco 



376 



Ferrabosco 



BCriptcopies&reto be found in the Fits mlliam 
Museum, Cambridge, and elsewhere. Sir 
Williaro Ijeighton's' Tears and Lamentacions 
of a BorrowfuU Soule ' (1U14) contains three 
motets by him. 

[Grove's Diet. i. 512, iii. 159 ; docamentd nnd 
authorities quot«d almfe.] J. A. V. M. 

FERRABOSCO or FEEAB03C0, AI^ 

FONSO {d. 1628), lutenist and composer, 
is said to have been ' bom at Greenwich of 
Italian parents ' (Wood, MS. Notes, in Bod- 
leian). If so he must hare been bom some 
time before 1587, possibly as early aa 1567 
[see F8BBABO8CO, Alfonso, i«. 1544-1687]. 
Dowland, in bis ' Varietie 01 Lute Lessons,' 
1610, calls him ' the most Artificiall and fa- 
mous Alfonso Ferrabosco of Bologna.' This 
-would imply that he was taken to Italy by 
his Cather, and that he studied music and 
lute-playing at Bologna. A Domenico Maria 
Ferrabosco was ' maestro di cappeUa ' of S. 
Fetronio in Bologna in the sixteenth century 
(pAL08Ciil,.4jMi«iribJlfiMicafc, index). The 
gift of music seems to Iiave been diffused 
through this family to a degree that is com- 
paratively rare in musical history. In Hull's 
* Virginal Music' (Addit. MS. 23623) there 
is an arran^ment of a 'Toccata di Roma, 
aexti toni,' by Jlieronlmo Ferabosco, whose 
music may very possibly have been introduced 
to Bull by the elder Alfonso. From the in- 
ternal evidence of the second Alfonso's mnsic 
dt is clear that he imbibed none of his futhi^r'e 
' deep skill,' and that he attached himself de- 
finitely to the new school of music which 
sprang up in Italy at the bej^inning of the 
seventeeuthcentur^'. It is not known whot her 
he was actually one of the musical revolu- 
tionaries who met at the house of Gio- 
vanni Bardi in Florence,and who ultimately 
changed the massive poKfhony which had 
been the chief glory of tiie previous cen- 
tury to the slight and easy mouody, which 
gave free scope for the portrayal of dramatic 
aituations. It is certain, however, that lie 
was one of the first who brought the new 
music into England. His migration must 
liave taken place veiy early in the century, for 
on 'J'2 March 1605 he received the appoint- 
ment of extraordinary groom of the privy 
chamber and musical instructor to Prince 
Henry, with a pension of 50/. jwr annum. 
In 1609 his ' Ayres' were published by Snod- 
ham, aud were dedicated to his royal pupil. 
The composer in the dedication calls the work 
his ' Firetfmits,' so that we may take it for 
granted that the publication of the songs 
preceded that of the ' Lessons 'for viols, which 
were issued in the same year. To the ' Ayres ' 
Are prefixed complimentary sonnets by Ben 



Jonson, Campion, and N. Tomk ins. The ae- 
companimenta to the songs, the words of many 
of wnich are from Ben JonBon's masques, &c., 
are in lute tablature. Three of the songs are 
printed by Bumey, who, however, expresses 
anything but admiration for the composer's 
style. Like all the productions of the early 
monodists, the melodies seem extraordinarily 
harsh, crude, and uninteresting. The volume 
oflesson8forone,two,and three viols contains 

fioems by Ben Jonson and ' Gual: Quin,' the 
atter in Italian. From the preface we learn 
that the pieces had already obtained a certain 
reputation, having been circulated in incor- 
rect copies. Anthony & Wood (MiS. Note*) 
says that ' divers Fantaztea or F'ancies for 5 
and 6 parts ' were ' played to the great ad- 
miration of many, but I think few or none 
of them are yet extant. Some of his com- 
positions are in the Musick Schoo] at Oxford.' 
In 1610 a ' Fantasie ' and ' Pavin ' by him 
appeared in Dowland's ' Varietie of Lute 
lessons,' and aimilar compositions, some in 
four parts, are to be found in manuscript 
collections in the British Museum (e.g. Add. 
MSS. 29427, 29096) and elsewhere. In some 
of these he is called ' the elder,' as being the 
elder of the two lutenists of the name, and 
it is this which has given rise to the suppo- 
sition that there were only two Ferraboscos, 
the elder of whom is accredited, not merely 
j with having died at a distance of eighty-five 
years from the date of his first publication, 
but with having composed at one time of 
; his life madrigals of the most Sowing and 
grnceful kind, aud at another songs in the 
I harshest style of monody. Mr. Peter Cuu- 
, ningham nuutes, but without giving his au- 
' Ihoiitv, adncuDient which shows that Ferra- 
' bosco ticld his court appointments throughout 
1 his life. On 5 Dec. 1623 a warrant for 20/. 
j is granted to him as ' one of his Maties. Mu- 
I sicoiiH ' for a ' New lyra and vail de gambo by 
; him bought.' At theuccessionofCharlesIhis 
> name appears in a litit of those whose salaries 
or pensions were in arrear; one quarter's 

?ayment (12/. lOd.) is owing to him (State 
\tperx, Uom. Chas. I, vol. i. No. 117). In 
' 1626 (7 July) he was appointed to succeed 
I Coperario [q. v.] as composer in ordinarv. On 
I 19 March 1627-8 his son, the third of the 
name, was sworn as ' a musician to His Ma- 
^jestyfor the Viola and Wind Instruments 
I m the place of his father, Alfonso Ferrabosco, 
I deceased. On the 28th of the same month 
I a similar entry is found in the State Papers, 
I ill which the names of Alfonso and Hcniy 
i Ferrabosco are found together as taking their 
I father's place as musician. 
I [Rymer's I-'iedera, eil. 1715, xvi. 61 1 ; Bumey's 
History, iii. 138, 346; Or^ive's Diet. i. 612; 




qnotis^ ....... '■i,t. SiHie rkpun, I>oti>.0>ir1t«l. 

■iDij ij I »<T. W. IQO.] J. A. F. M. 

FERRAB08C0, ALF'ON.SO (rf. ]60n, 

of AlfoDHO Femihosco id. IKlh) [q. v,^, 

jirt>b«1jly tlic ■ Mostvr Alph')nso j-wrn- 

[■II ' who HkDjf irv 'n llytiii-nioi'dii Twplnli 

flit 1(10(1, on tilt* od'aAinn of tin? murrinp: 

ltijl)prt,(«Hrl<if F.»«->i, witli I.jniy i''rsiicL-«>, 

lUtfT iif tlic Kiiri iif .Siitffilk. lit euc- 

hU fnther as oue of the 'violg " in tlw 

lMtn<l in Mnrcti 1627 -d, anil, togetlM-r 

liiHbrotlterlK'iiT)'. waK ti]j]H>iii(i-cl tutlw 

< of musician iti onlitiunr. Tlii- two kr<>< 

i pruUiUlv )i(.-ld j'^iull^ lli« pu»t of com- 

' lu onJiimry (iir:^ l»loW). Vour pinei'S 

Friolf by liiiu, soiui' "f whii-ti ari' called ' In 

oomiiie/ am iircHi-rvf il in Aililil. MS, 21W2i, 

itrbere lio is <£iit iDgui.'>}it'<l from bis fa|.hr-r by 

1mi itddiliiin of 'junior,' Among the mami- 

pript^ in Fly CullnHlnil ifi ui kn(brtn, * I«rt 

Iwi wi*e,' tlj« ' full' port -^f which is ■llri- 

lmt«) 1'> .\lf<iD»<^< I'ViTHljO-iOrt, mill tbo ' VL-rsti ' 

3nii>[iei to Lawn's. 'J*lii> (bird l''vrrat>o«co in 

lieoncwhoataDdiniart-vt in |ioinL of timt! tn 

Lawus, utd wo tBov 1 hi;n.'fiiT« conclude ib&l 

in lltuuilbem we Iiave a wr>rk by liitu. Nn 

iier fuuifHxilioii of liii> b known. Fnitn 

riouM eiitrif^ in tbe Stat« I'aiifni, Alfi^mso 

eetna to hjiTe surriTetl his brauior, but only 

'ii^lKirt t«rD>; in ItXtl (lie place as musiciau 

, filled by Th. Il«t<^, who atyms to liikvo 

' by iho (liviMon of Ubour practised by 

iL-eemor*. m he U giri-n ' <Ml. and 40/. 

The brcrtlMirv were suctttili'd imlin 

!rampD9(.T iuordrDsry by i'r. William 

1, wIm was appoint>-<l on 4 July 1((61 ' in 

It},.. ..„i.,,., ..f AlfuHBO IVrrabowo and l;l«iiry 
I 1, dct^a^ed ; " he, howerep, only 

^t . 1 .. ;{nitil uf 40'. A yuar. 
t John Fesradoato, who wan (>r|:ani-->t of 
Ely CathLslnl from LlW^L' until his d<!iitb in 
1i!M:>, triu pniWIitv m mmi of rithvr Alfim'n 
fr Henry. In IB)"] he look the degrt-* of 
Mua,lt. at Cnmhridfip, 'pur lilpras ivjti)**.' 
It hat) Ixwn au^matod that ho nuiy hart! in- 
~~ iac^ info the cathedral the 'Chaotiug 
pn-ice ' as it is oolk-d, in which the rcrsea 
< r>i?l itltvnintely inaflorid u>oi«t xtyli.- and 
a niiiipte chant form. Thin is said to kavo 
II tii.>( I : riictin'inevrtain Italian 

gIii'*. I' 'j>OM«llhat In* uiav havti 

Isptf^thi' I'imi ii I'lii ilicland of hi.s (iLmilv''t 
in. Tbii uinnuncript collecl ion at Klv 
ina eleven nnthenui hr him, ha nell on 
Herviri<a, i>ni9 of whirh, in li flat, in 
. hy Tudway, wlm wnmjdy aicrilxii it 
l''amboacu; it is ul»o c-julaint^! 
maniucrtpi ciilb'cri>.nf>, an ui I'pIit- 




borough, and in Sir F. A. Oore Otiseley'a col- 
lection. 

[t'«l.Stat»I'upMt»,D(.iu.S«T.t'bBrlMll.l«l-a, 
»)iii. ih.32.xU.p. ISO.lr. p.38d; Ducc) net Book. 
4 July 1C61 : uulhoritib^ tiuutwl nUmc . ^iiwr> 
Mt IIuiiMGiui-tU-.i. 101 (l»-i4): Orora* Dkt.i. 
SI 2 ; Dickn-inV (Jal, of Mtiiic JtSS. la Ely Ca- 
Ihiilml.] J, A. P. M. 

FERRAB, Nia£OLAS (15&2-1687>, 
(IiMilogian, troM (hi- tbini son of Nicholas 
Femir. a Loadon twrcliant, br his TrifSc 
Mary, dautfhtrr of Lnnri^nce Wodenotb of 
Savinc^on llall.Cht'shiTy', His father nnlced 
hi|{b Hiuoii); t)M> nierehunta of l^ndoii, aud 
was intrttwied in ihi- «<1 ventures of llnwkina, 
Drake,andRaleigh;hisniother wasa woman 
of fcrrcnt ^liety, who r«fnliil*^<I hir hmiM- 
bold well, and undonuoK (he inliicnlion of 
berchildren. He was bmuaht up to read Ihe 
Hibleand 'FoieVltookuf MBrtyra.'anil front 

' the agn of five gav« iti^n» of a i)ee|>tT reli- 
gious •IIt>iKjeition. At (lie af>> of *i\ he wai 
nenl to till" Hckiiol wf one Mr, Urooka, at 
Enbomp, near Xi'wbury,IJerk«liir>-, whence at 
tlump'of fourteen ho proceeded toClar>.>Hall. 
Cnmhrvigt: Wis tutor, Auj^iiMiue Limbdl, 

' was a DUO of q refined and moiis mind, wh(w« 
influt^ncv contributed much tuwardn forlifr- 

I ing Ferrar's eharucttrr. Id ]010 he took tba 

, dfffivc of H.A., and was elected fellow of 
bi.t collfge, tlii< subjert which he wad choinn 
especially to kiudv lieiu); m^ioino. His re- 
eidenri' at Cambridge was made the more 
a^rea-ablf l<i liiui lu bi« faTouHte sister was 
married boan>untry i^nttemnnaanKdCoUet, 
who lived at Bourn, near Cambrid^ 

?Vrrar'i« health, however, was so bad Ibnt 
he nn-dtHl all hui onm niMJical knowledge 
and hit) si>>ter'a core. llesuiTervdfruiu acroc, 
and in \&\2 was adi-iwd to travel. j1ie 
new matter of Clam Hall, Dr. lEolMot Scot, 
ytM the kind's aub-«UnoiH'r, and intrrHJuci-d 
Ferror to Jamw I'n dauKhlcr Elizabeth, who 
hill) jtijt IxyonbtT liiekb-M cunvr hy marry- 
ing I hu elector [lalatine. Inatti'ndance upon 
her FerrarHet uiii for Hotlnnd in April U'Kt, 
bRvins previoiuily received from hi8 iiniver- 
nity tlw degree of M.A., lhoti(rh he wa* not 
yet of llu" requisile flanding. .\t AniMcr- 
dam he parted from lh« suite of ihn elector, 
pn'T'-rrinfT to vi*i( North Germany, where bn 
pa3«eil from Ilamhiirg lo Leipiig, and thent-e 
to IVngue, St iidyitif; the literatun- and history 
of Oermaii>. Ho next ridiied Italy, wIut" 
Wiiiee was his heatUpiarterv, lliouuh be Went 
as for ac Itome. At Blarseillea ne n<Mrly 
ditti from a wevir*' f-\rz (April ItlKli, and 

nl'!.r )n. rv,.,\.rv n't out foT ^i|IUm, Whl<^h 

I. Iv on tool. Uq rtttmiml lu 

1. ,._!,. . 



Ferrar 



378 



Ferrar 



His travels bad so far eBtablished bis health 
that he was now able to turn to business. 
His own desire was to return to Cambridge, 
but bis father was old, and the business con- 
cerns of the firm were more than his elder 
brother could manage by himself. The Ferrar 
family was closely connected with the busi- 
ness of the Virginia Company, to which 
Is'icholas now devoted himself. Ilis reputa- 
tion was 60 great aa a man of science tliat in 
1619 he was offered the post of reader of geo- 
metry at Gresham College, which he declined. 
The affairs of the YirgimaCompany gave him I 
sufficient employment, as its patent was j 
threatened by the king, and frequent attempts 
were made by the council to override it. 
Ferrar was the chief adviser of the Earl of 
Southampton and Sir Edwin Sandys in with- 
standing these attempts ; but his efforts 
were in vain, and the company was deprived 
of itB patent in 1623. 

Ferrar was now a well-known man in 
political circles. lie was elected to parlia- 
ment in 1624, and took part in the i^each- 
ment of the lord treasurer, the Earl of 
Middlesex, who had beenforemostinthedis- 
Bolution of the Vinfinia Company. But this 
was the last act of Ferrar's public life. He 
had seen enough of the world and its ways. 
He shrank from the stru^le which he saw 
would soon break out between Charles I and 
parliament, and fell back upon an <ild design 
of spending his days in religious retirement 
and in tlie practices of devotion, lie !iad 
been offered one of the greatest heiresses in 
London for his wife, but declined, saying 
that he hud determined to load a single life. 
The animosities of public life caused him re- 
morseful feelings, and he set to work to wind 
up his business concerns that he might with- 
draw from London. In this intention he 
was warmly seconded by his mother; and as 
his father bad died in 1620 there was nothing 
to prevent him from carrying out his wishes. 

First he looked out for a suitable place, 
and was attracted by Little Gidding in Hunt- 
ingdonshire, of which the manor was for 
sale. Mrs. Ferrar bought it in 1024, and 
next year the outbreak of a plague in Lon- 
don hastened the preparations for the depar- 
ture of the family. The village of Little 
Gidding had shrunk into one shepherd'shut, 
a ruined manorhouse, and a church which 
was used as a barn. "When Mrs, Ferrar 
arrived and found workmen engaged in pre- 
paring the house for her use, she refused to 
enter till the church had been cleansed from 
ita desecration. The church was soon re- 
paired, and a neighbouring priest was em- 
ployed to say daily service. On Trinity Sun- 
day 1626 Ferrar waa ordained deacon by 



Bishop Laud, and returned to Little GidcUng, 
which he never again quitted. 

As soon as it was known that Ferrar had 
taken orders he wa« offered preferment by 
many of his influential friends. But this 
was far from his mind, nor would he ever 
consent to proceed to priest's orders. His 
object was to lead a religious life in accord- 
ance with the principles of the Anglican 
church, and the other members of his ramily 
joined in his plan with astonishing unani- 
mity. His brother John and his brother-in- 
law, John Collet, transferred their famiUes 
to Little Gidding. Aa the Collet family 
numbered fourteen children, and Jobn Ferrar 
had at least three children, the entire house- 
hold comprised some thirty persons. For 
them Nicholas Ferrar laid down a rule of 
daily devotion,andhimselfactedas chaplain 
of a religious community. Tlie church was 
restored, and was provided with everything 
necessary for that decency of divine worship 
which Laud was striving to introduce into 
the English church. Matins and evensong 
were said in the church; the rest of the ca- 
nonical hours were said in the house. Two 
of the number watched and prayed the first 
half of the night, when they were succeeded 
by two others, so that the voice of prayer and 
praise might never be silent. The children 
of the two families were carefully educated, 
and the neighbouring children were welcomed 
to share in their instruction. Little Gidding 
was the school, the dispensary and infirmary 
of the districtround about. On Sundaymom- 
ings the rustic children were invited to Little 
Gidding Church, and received each a penny 
and their Sundav dinner if they could repeat 
one of the psalms by heart. Within the house 
itself everything was arranged by rule, and 
there was a definite occupation for every 
hour. It was one of Ferrar s principles that 
every one should learn a trade, and the trade 
practised at Little Gidding wns that of book- 
binding. ' An ingenious bookbinder was en- 
tertained to in.struct the whole family in the 
art of binding, gilding, lettering, and pasting- 
priutinp by the use of the rolling-press.' Visi- 
tors were welcomed if they chose to come, 
but nothing wns allowed to interrupt the 
regulur course of daily life within the house 
itself. 

Naturally such an institution caused many 
comments, and the rising puritanism looked 
scornfully on this 'protestantnunnery.' But 
Bishop AVilliams of Lincoln found nothing to 
object to. There wns no rule of celibacy or 
any attempt to bruig it about ; of the eight 
daughters of Sirs. Collet, six married and 
left Gidding. Many who were at first scan- 
dalised changed their opinion after a visit : 



Ferrar 



339 



Ferrar 



' I find them full of Immanitr and humt- 

tl'ity ' ia the lostimony of one who was not 

lif|iO)>H) in llii-ir Invour to lieijfiu with. To 

■risifor, Kdwnrd I^jnlon, FiTnir cmvo a 

nnKon for Iiin ri-tirvnirnt : 'Thi-y hna foiuwl 

IdiviTi jwrplesitica, <1 is rra^- lions, and almmt 

lUer rain m tlifir csllmi.T : if (ith«r« Iciiaw 

ilmt comfort Oo'l h«d niinistiTwl m tbom 

tAaec their twriiieAtration, tliev might take tho 

Ukprotinte' (.Matiik, Lettprof Lt-nlon, ixix.) 

fact the inntitution nt Mttle (lidiiingdiu 

sot pruf«i^ to he the beg'Iiiuing (if an onW ; 

it nimcd sr notliinp but th<.' or(!<(itiMtii>n n( 

a foniily life on (he hmti* of piitliD^ devoiioa 

ihd firat plaf« amon? practical duties. 

femr had ni> special mi»iuTi lo uiankiDd, 

{uuMUJii for influeiicinx nlhera. He waa 

It I'vcn deairoiia of doto^ much liti-niry 

'' , but njntvntrd hiiowll will] rraiutii}( a 

niiv of the gospels and of thi> history of 

iTlooIiii of Kia;:« nnd Chroniclf*. Bf-nli-'i 

\\i} tmnvlalnl the • l)ivin*> Con-'idera- 

ttORt'of Valdi'zaniJ l>*4*io'OnTeinn*riinc»j," 

|worlts which licsiilimiltiHltohisfrit-ndOcorge 

icrimrt for approval and amondaicnt. 

The quiet liTe at Littlef-iiddinfTContiniioil 
rithout uny pruli.-r interruption thau a viail 
BiJtliM]) WilliHtiiM i>r Iroia (.'harle-s I in 
(Rt'siltrottTU, ii. 178"), or tlio qucrtiun- 
ilfS of « wanditliwd [iroIir»tiint, or tht- k- 
fhfOiarW Iforncopynf Ferrar's ■t'on- 
laniH',' till ibe beginninif of Norrmhftr 
^^, wli**n Ffmtr'nfwtblcconAtitiilinn hcvan 
In (HTt wav byfore the auAterilies of hit! life. 
He (iradiiallv urt^n weaker, and diisi on 4 TVc. 
"Ii* tl'iiih <fi<i not btvak up llin community 
kttnhliiiht'il at l^tlle Uidding, wIilto J>ihi) 
I'Vmirand his sou Nicholas continut'd to Uw 
Biwtn^linf/ to tin- aamc rule. Hut tli« iitrrease 
of rtrligiouA differcncffl which pm-cdMl the 
outbrMik of tliP civil warhnuikrht Little '.*)d- 
liriif ititii gnsiliT promiiifiiiv, and in W'l\ n 
itiijihh-lwa^ ii^ued, addrci^^'dltiparliaiUL'nt, 
Armiiiian Niiiini.T>', or n Itriof De- 
[■rT]>tioD and Itclalion of tho newlv rrr«ted 
limntticall I'lacfcnHpd thi- Arniininn Nim- 
prj*al Little('riddinp'('^'l»rintf<lbyliEiR.vE; 
ippjtiilix to iirt-r, lo 1'ctkk LAJtoiorr, rxxr, 
hit't vninadefamatori-trtrtilini,' 
>f fc I "M in I'ifM by Kdward Lcn'o" 

|nf Not 1< y, [,.y.r rb:i tuc.to SirThomas llntJcy ; 
^Rnd l.(>tiii)u, wbi'ii hiK Bitcniion n-iwcallft to 
IliB {inniphl't, inili^nantly nfitontii! n;n>>nt( 
Ihccon-tntction put nnoti hu Ic1I't(Mavoii, 
sn-f. .niii, Ac, from IIi:akKi:, (WiV IV/i(/iW'<c, 
I. 7(>J, nr."} la IttU) younff Nirholos Fiirrar 
lit-1 nt t}.. .' f . ■ . r»ud the 

lifi-ofihi Wft* di.i- 

tiiHtiil ht oi' <ii> > » • u MMi-r. In UHi 

lltlijirlir^ \ »..lui'.tl liiiiiv.lf by a hnrricti visit 
llo tlu> lettlcuicut, Find faiil, ■ Truly, thta i» 



worthy of the si^ht. I did not think to hava 
6«<'D athinffiu tlit»kind that so well pleiiAoth 
inf. God's hlcs*iiij;l>i'iipim the fouudnrsof it,' 
In 1>!47 thv liouev and church of Little 
Giddin;,- w#r« spoiled by CQat« adherents of 
th« parliament, and tlw Uttle ronmiunitjr 
■nn* l>r<)k(-n up. In lf*o3 tli« church of LittI? 
Oiddtn^ wafi rar«fuUy restored, and *onio of 
thfl furniture tilacvdtht're byFcmu-hasbMn 
reciiviTi-f!. Many elalximlr vntnmM — ' har- 
inonii« ' of fwripinre — preiiartni hy mt'mborft 
of tlit> Uiddini; hnuwhold, and elaborately 
h<^nnd in Ir-ntlwr or velvet, nro still citaot. 
Two harmonies of the go«("eI» mndu by Fur- 
rar him«ulf arc in the Itritiah .Mu»eum', Mihl. 
Keg.C^^, »:), -I.Mnfdalcd Itt^ having Uwa 
made for the king ; there is al-ui in tiir ir*ntn 
cullL-vtioii a 'Iliatory of the Ier«clitt!s,' by 
l-'*?rTHr, pn-K-nlet! to ihi- kiiijr in JfW7. Ai^ 
other copy of Fcrrar's 'Ilanuony of the 
<ii»pi'!;i,' illn»lrn((-d tliri mult not, M^lonKS to 
Captain Aclaiid Tniytn of Huntohnm MJurt^ 
Jtainptoii, I>evi>n»hire: a f'mnh copy, (oadv 
bv Kcrnir*!* niivt (Ut40), is the property of 
\lUti Jleiuini,'. llilUn^'doQ Hill, Lxbridgti; ft 
fiHli, illustrated ihroOKhoot, is the promirty 
of I^rd Arthur lli/r>ey, hifhop of Bala and 
Wellfl ; a aixth, *ntill«l ' .MuiHitf^wamn,* l»w- 
lungx to Lord Normantun ; and a serenth, 
lioiind in purph- Vflvel and ■taropi.'*! goM, Iq 
Lo!\l Sali.tburv-. A horraony of thf .Mosaic 
].nw,iniid(>fcir.Arrhbi)thopLaud,isnmonf; the 
manuarripts of St. John'.i follem-, t>xford. 
A splendidly bound copy of the i'eninteuch 
U-lnn^toOii plain OaiUMin.llrookmftn'sParkt 
llattield. A portrait of XicboloK Forrar, by 
.InnM^n, is in rlie master's lod^, Magdaleuu 
Cullegt', Canibridgv. 

(Ill* lifp of Nicbolu FennF was written by 
hit broihrr John, perhapa in ntora than one faim. 
I'hc nianiiscripl pa«tod inUi tho ba&da of tbo Bar. 
I'stor IWkunJ, inoftrT ot Uaiplatana Collngv, 
Cambridge, by vhum it vas lofl. but not Worv 
^hti pnblic-xion of Mrmoirs of Ihr Life nt Mr. 
Nii^litilni FvrniT, by O. V. I'lV.kKpt, (*niiibridg«, 
1T1><). It wn<t elwir tliui Trckan.! liail takan 
lil«riiM viih hia oripnal, and his trst vaa 
cliEcii.vitliiiolmAiidiiniiMioiDi, by Words worth, 
l'A-t'1i»ta«i icnl Itio^raplir, <n>1. W. TberB wa» 
nifjiln-r reprint. A Ufa of Nkhnlaa FetT^r, 
Ijtiiili.in, 18<^2; Imt a ucir oiilion iras (riven by 
Miiwr, Nit-holas Kt-rrar. Twii liirna, C^mbritlea, 
jk. . ■„,.., |),c Ifdtkor Mm, in llw t'atnbriJx* 

I diriiry^ Uukcrliadlraaserilnnl in Twll 
il' >rril to lhi>««ltiv(itcnt At Lillta (iid- 

diDg. and fi'tiniiiiiiriml Llio uarlwr jiart. Tha 
mOuihI Life, wliicti io nixny patta ii iilealiaU 
irilh tliTit writtrn liy John l-i-mir, wm atlri- 
linti'-l tu Turavr. bishop at EIt. and was flnA 

II ■>lni.'t» 1. "' I ^Titjtaiina 
I I rit.ird* nn I' NiohaUa 
1^ ^.,lrctodfroin«; ; , ..-,jlttIUr. 



Ferrar 



380 



Ferrar 



Dr. Turner, fonDerl; bishop of Ely, Bristol, 
1829, and aft«rwardij edited bj Uacdonogh, Lon- 
don, 1837- This also hns been r«-«d!tcdbj Major 
in his Two Lires, from a mamucript in which 
it ia headed Life of Nicholas Ferrar, by Dr. 
Jebb. BeHides these are mentions of Ferrar 
in Oley'a preface to Herbert's Country Parson, 
Hacket'n Life of Williams, Uearne's Ciiti Vin- 
diciie, ii, 684, &c. ; GardinerV Fereonal Govern- 
ment of Charles I, ch. ri. Mayor's Appendix to 
Two Lives has brought together a Urge amount 
of additional infurniation. In Archseolof^ia, 2nd 
eer. 1888, i. 168-204, Captain Acland Tioyte 
has coller[f<d much information respecting Fei^ 
rar's harmonies and bookbinding work.] 

M. C. 
FERRAR, ROBERT (d. 1555), bUhop of 
St. UttWd's, was bom during the reign of 
Henry VII. He waa of a Yorkshire family, 
and is generally said to have been born at 
Ewood in Midgley in the parish of Halifax, 
where a Henry Farrer certainly had a seat 
in 1572 (Addit. MS. 6416, f. CoJ ; but there 
are other traditions {Dodtwortk MSS. vol. 
cxxxv. f. 76 A; cf. Gent. Mag. new ser. xxix. 
480), and Fuller ( Worthies, ii. 580, ed. Ni- 
chols) is ignorant of the place of his birth. 
Ferrar ia aaid to have studied at Cambridge, 
whence he proceeded to Oxford and became 
a canon regular of the order of St. Augustine 
and a member of the priory of St. Mary's 1 
within thul town. He tlien fell under the | 
iuflufnce ()f Thomas Gerard [([, v.] and other 
enrlv reformers, was supplied by them with ■ 
Lutheran books, and in 15:^8 was compelled to 
recant and carry a faggot with Dalaber und his 
other companions in heresy (FosE, v. 428). 
Ileremainedat Oxford, and in May 1533 sup- 
plicated for the degree of B.D., to which lie 
B'oceedetl on 14 Oct. (Woou, /''««^i, i. 90; 
CASE, ^c,7.?,''jHii.0.r/orrf, p. 174, Oxford Hist. 
Soc.) In 15.'i.j he accompanied William Bar- 
low (d. ir»(>8) [q, v.], also an Austin canon, 
on his embassy to Scotland, and in February 
153G IJarlow exerted himself to obtain for 
Ferriir n general license to preach from 
Cromwell (Gaihdser, Ze/^er^ and Papers of 
Henry VIII, vol. x. No, 227). Ferrar was 
next appointed prior of St, Oswald's at Nos- 
tell, near Pontefract, but it must have been 
after the date of the above letter, in wliich 
33arlow intercedes for ' some relaxation to the 
prior of St. Oswald's ' in terms that obviously 
make him to be another person than Ferrnr. 
Probably he was only appointed to make the 
Burrender of the house to the crown. This 
waa finally effected on 20 Nov. 1540, when 
Ferrar was rewanled for his complaisance 
by a pension of 80/. a year {Fcedera, xiv. 
668; DuGDALE, MiwJiM^tcow, vi. 91, 95; but 
cf. Wright, Suppreimon of the Monofteriet, 
p. 166, Camden buc.) He also lost at the 



same time the prebend of Bramhsm in York 
Minster, hitherto annexed to the priory, and 
now sharing ita fate (Le Neve, iii. 178, ed. 
Hardy). Little is heard of Ferrar during 
the latter years of the reign of Henry VIII. 
He must then have proceed doctor of di- 
vinitv, and it is aaid that he had become a 
chaplain of Cranmer's, whose example he fol- 
lowed by marrying. It is also aaid that he 
was appoint edoiBnop of Sodor and Man, and 
the Manx historians refer to him as subscrib- 
ing a document as biahop in 1545 ( Churc\ 
A'otet, Diocese Sodor and Man, p. 63 ; Sa- 
CUEVERELL, Survejf of Man, pp. 90 n., 107; 
both in Manx Soc. publications), but they 
only refer to a passage in Baker's ' Chronicle ' 
(p. 321, ed. 1730), which describes Ferrar as 
bishop of Man at the time of his death. The 
mistaue probably arose from an ignorant mis- 
reading of ' Men.,* the contraction for ' Mene- 
venais, i,e, St. David's. The same authorities 
assert that Ferrar was 'translated' to St. 
David's in 1640, on 22 Jan. of which year 
Henry Man waa ^pointed bv Henry VlII 
to the bishopric of Sodor and Man, 'sometime 
vacant through the decease of the last bishop' 
(Oliykr, Monumenta de Insula Mannia, hi. 
38, Manx Society). This statement, though 
goring the claims of the contumacious 
Bishop Stanley to the see, seems decisive as 
excluding anv real appointment of Ferrar. 

The accession of Ldv.-ard VI and the su- 
premacy of Somerset were quickly followed 
by Ferrar'a appointment as one of the royal 
visitors with a general license to preach, 
issued by the council, which overrode mere 
diocesan licenses (Dixos, Hist, uf Reforma- 
tion, iii, 325; SiRrPE, Vranmer, 8vo, pp. 209, 
262). In this capacity he visited the dioceses 
of Llandaff and St. David's, He also became 
achaplain to Somerset, whose favour elevated 
him to the see of St, David's after the trans- 
lation of his old patron, Barlow, to Bath 
and Wells. This was the first case of a 
new bishop appointed by royal lettera pat-ent, 
without even the form of capitular election. 
His temporalities were restored to him on 
31 July 1548 {^Fwdera, xv, 173), and he was 
consecrated by Cranmor at the archbishop's 
house at CLertsey on 9 Sent, The service 
WHS a novel one, and mainly in English 
(Strype, Cranmer, 8vo, p. 261). Ferrar also 
took a new oath, ' very full and large,' of re- 
nunciation of the pope and acknowledgment 
of the roval supremacy (16. pp. 187-9), He 
remaine<l in London, where lie had a house 
in Gracechurch Street, until April 1549, de- 
tained by liis parliamentary duties and by 
his position on the commission appointed to 
examine and reform the offices of the church 
(BuRSET, Sist. of R^ormation, ii. 127, ed. 



Ferrar 



381 



Ferrar 



N. Pocock). On St. Martin's day (1 1 ^'o^O ' 
1548 he preached u sermon at Paul's Ctobs 
which gave great scandal to old-fashioned 
people. He was clothed, ' not as a bishop, 
out like a priest,' and ' spoke all manner of 
things against the churchand the sacrament 
of the altar, and against vestments, copes, 
altars, and all other things' (^Grnffriars Chro- 
nicle, p. 48, Camden Soc.) He thus became ' 
widely known as a gospeller, and a little ' 
later was selected to help Cranmer in dis- 
puting against Heath and Thirlby for three ■ 
whole days {Zurich Letters, 3rd ser. p. 615, 1 
Parker Soc.) But on some later occa.sion his 
unwilltngnees to conform to ecclesiastical ' 
propriety caused Cranmer to ' labour in vain 
with him,' and he was not brought to reason 
until the council ' took him in hand.' Hooper 
regarded him as one of the sii or seven 
bishops who ' entertained right opinions on 
the matter of the eucharist ' and were in gene- 
ral agreement with the Helvetic churches. 
Nothmg but 'fear for their property' pre- 
vented such bishops from fully 'reforming 
their churches' (16. pp. 72, 70; BcBKET, iii. 
3.'i0; cf. V. 197-20.") for his opinions on ' some 
abuses of the mass '). Ferrar was one of the 
bishops who protested against the act of No- 
vember 1549 for making anew body of church 
laws (BoRyBT, iii. 362^. 

On arriving in his diocese, Ferrar encoun- 
tered most serious difficulties. His greedy 
and turbulent chapter had already waged : 
furious war against Barlow. They at once ' 
resisted the commission of Edmond Farlee, j 
whom Ferrar had despatched to visit and 
reform them. They discovered technical 
errors in the wording of the commission, and ' 
maintained that the bishop by ' omitting the 
king's authority,' and grounding his appoint- ; 
mi-nt on ' foreign usurped laws, had incurred . 
the penalties of prfiemunire. Ferrar's igno- j 
ranee or carelessness of law gave them an ad- I 
vantage which they employed to the utmost ' 
against him. In vain be sought to propitiate 
them by abandoning Farlee, and transfer- 
ring the commission to the precentor Young, 
head of the chapter. Though Ferrar held as 
bishopthepositionof dean, thecbaptor under 
Young [see YovNO, Thomah, archbishop of 
York] and Rowland Meyrick refused all 
nek now lodgment of bis authority, and fac- ! 
tiously opposed him in everything. They ■ 
did their best to make his position impos- | 
sihie. Hot protestants complained that Fer- 
rar did not preach or study enough, and that 
he sanctioned superstitious practices. His 
tiict in couciliatingsympathy was denounced 
a.itn'a8onabU',anahe was accused of stirring 
np envy Iwtween the "Welsh and English. 
A reference to Merlin became an ' encourage- 



ment of vain prophecies.' He was accused 
of covetousness, and had given proof of folly 
by boasting that he would go to London on 
foot, and trying to e.xplain the scarcity of 
fish. ' He daily useth whistling to his son, 
and said he understood him when only three 
days old.' ' He said that by his whistling 
he made a seal tarry a whole hour.' After 
the fall of his patron Somerset, fifty-six for- 
mal articles, embodying such complaints, 
were presented against Ferrar to the privy 
council by Hugh Rawlins, a disreputable 
Welsh preacher, and Thomas Lee, a broken- 
down merchant, brother-in-law of (Seorge 
Const ant in e[q. v.] Early in 1551 acommission 
was issued, and 127 witnesses were examined. 
Ferrar had been kept in London until the 
examination had been completed, but in July 
he returned to his diocese, only to be com^ 
pelled to attend twice at Carmarthen to 
answer at the great sessions the charges of 
prsemunire preferred against him. lie was 
kept in prison untQ the accession of Queen 
Mary. The unsubstantial and factious cha- 
racter of the accusations hardly needs his 
own elaborate answers. There is even little 
to justify the contention of "Willis ' that he 
was a most miserable dilapidator.' His oppo- 
sition to their shamefaced robberies combined 
the reformers and the adherents of the old 
faith in their opposition. 

After Mary's accession Ferrar was shut up 
in the Queen's Bench prison in Southwark, 
where ho was ultimately joined by John 
Bradford(1510?-15o5) [q. v,]andotnerpro- 
testants. He had consented to receive the 
communion in one kind on Easter-day 1554, 
when the orrival of Bradford turned him 
back to sterner protestant principles (FoxB, 
vii. 146). Ferrar was forced to obtain from 
Bradford a share in the alms sent by Lady 
Vane (Bbadpobd, Work*, ii. 96, Parker Soc.') 
Ferrar was, however, able to see his friends, 
and draw up with his fellow-prisoners im- 
portant documents. In May 1664 they 
signed a refusal to take part in a proposed 
conference at Cambridge, on the ground that 
the question was prejutlged, and that tlu'y 
had no means of study or composition. 

In Marcli 1654 Ferrar was deprived of bis 
bishopric (J^rtrf^ra, xv.370; 'SikcnYS, Diary, 
p. 58, Camden Soc.) But it was not until 
4 Feb. I55.J that he was bnmght before 
Bishop Gardiner and the commissioners sit- 
ting in St. Mary Overiea, Southwark. He 
was remanded until 14 Feb., and was then 
roxigbly examined hyGardiner, who chargcct 
him specialtywith the violation of his monas- 
tic vow of chastity. He was now sent down 
to Wales, where on 26 Feb. he was arraigned 
before bis successor Bishop Moi^n and hisold 



Ferrers 



382 



Ferrers 



enemy Constantine in Carmarthen Church. I 
He waa required to answer wliether he be- 
lieved in tne lawfulness of clerical matri- j 
mony and in transubstantiation. For some 
time Ferrar refused to answer. At another | 
sitting Morgan pronounced him contuma- 
cious, and condemned him ; but on 4 March 
Ferrar offered to answer the articles within 
a competent time. On 7 March at another ■ 
session Fermr refused subscription to articles 
'invented and excogitated by man,' At last 1 
on 13 March, after Ferrar had appealed from | 
Morgan to Archbishop Pole, final sentence ' 
was passed upon him, and, the appeal being j 
disregarded, he was handed over to the secu- I 
•lar arm. On 30 March he waa burnt ' on ■ 
tlie south side of the market cross,' probably 
in the open space now called Nott Square. I 
He endured his sufferings with great forti- I 
tude, and told a bystander that ' if he saw - 
him once to stir in the pains of bis burning 
he should then give no credit to hia doctrine.' 
He never moved, but ' even as he stood (hold- 
ing up his stumps) so he continued, till one 
Richard Gravcil, with a staff dashed him 
upon the head and so struck him down.' 

Ferrar left one son, Samuel, who took holy 
orders, andobtained preferment in the diocese 
of St. Itevid's. His daughter married Lewis j 
"Williams, rector of Nar^rth. | 

[Foxe's Acts and Monumen(j<, «1. Townseml, I 
V. 428, vi. 146. 222, 663, 664, "05, vii. 1-28, ! 
where in addition to the cliarges brought iigainst 
him in 15-51, and a niirrative of his mitrlyrdom, I 
art! two of FfrrarB letters; the full depositions , 
of the 127 witncMos are preserved with other , 
very curions mailer in Harl. MS. 420, f. 80 to ' 
end, some of the documents in which are printed | 
in Foxo; Wood's Athcnre Oson. ed. Bliss, ii. 
769-61 iCooper'sAthenseCantiihr.i, 125-0; Bur- 
net's Hist, of the Eeformiition, ed. Pocock, ii. I 
127, iii. 350, 362, v. 197-205; Bradford's Writ- 
ings, i. 305, 374, 403, ii. 96, 169-71 (Purkor | 
Soc.) ; Parker Correspondence, pp. 267, 287 (Pur- j 
kerSoc.) ; Robinson's Zurich Letters, 3ril series, ' 
pp. 72, 76, 646 (Parker Soc.) ; Rymcr's Fffideni, 1 
Tot. XV.; Strj-pe's Cranmer, pp.*187, 209, 201, j 
262, 442, 489-90, 495; F^l. Memorials, vol. i, I 
pt. i. p. 569, vo!. iii. pt. i. pp. 127, 423-31. and 
vol. iii. pt. ii. pp. 355-61 ; Gent. Map. new ser. 1 
Mil. 246-7, 360,480.] T. F. T. I 

FERRERS, Lord of Chahtlet. [See 
Hevebbux, "Walteii, d. 1558.] i 

FERRERS, Lord of Obodt. [See Ghet, i 
SiRJoiis, rf. 14C1.] I 

FERRERS, EvRT,. [See Shirley, L^r- 
RENCE, 17:^0-17(10; Shirley, "Washixoto?;, I 
tifth Earl, rf, 1778.] j 

FERRERS, BENJAMIN (d. 1732), por- ' 
trait-painter, was deaf and dumb from his 
birth, and appears to have resided in West- 



minster. He painted a portrait of William 
Beveridge, bishop of St. Asaph, who web his 
kinsman, taken from the dead body of the 
bishop, who died at Westminster o March 
1706-7; the portrait is inthe Bodleian Library 
at Oxford, and was engraved by W. Sherwin, 
both in mezzotint and line, by Michael van 
der Gucht, as a frontispiece to his works, and 
by Trotter. Ferrers also painted a picture of 
the court of chancery under Lord- cnancel lor 
Macclesfield, with numerous portraits. This 
picture was in the possession of Dr. Lort of 
Cambridge, who gave it to the Earl of Hard- 
wicke, and at the sale of the Wimpole pic- 
tures in 1888itwaapurchased by the trustees 
of the National Portrait Gallery. Ferrers 
died in 1732, and a Latin panegyric on him 
was written by his friend, Vincent Bourne 
[q. v.], of Westminster School. 

[Redgrave's Diet, of Artists ; Walpole's Anec- 
dotes of Painting; Vincent Bourne's Poemaia; 
Norris's Catalogue of the Pictures in the Bodleiao 
Library, Oxfoid.] L. C. 

FERRERS, EDWARD (d. 1564), is de- 
scribed by Wood as a distinguished dramatist 
of the reign Of Eklward VI. AVood suggests, 
withoutadvancinganyproof, that be waa edu- 
cated at Oxford. His name does not appear 
on the register. We know that one Edward 
Ferrers of Baddesley Clinton, Warwickshire, 
died 11 Aug. 1564. He was the son of Henry 
Ferrers (d. 15^6), married in 1548 Bridget, 
daughter of William, lord Windsor, and was 
father of Henry Ferrers [q. v.] the antiquary. 
He was buried in Tarbick Church, Worces- 
tershire {DuGDALB, Wancickjihire, 1730, ii. 
971-8). Another Edward Ferrers was one of 
the band of gentlemen pensioners at Eliza- 
beth's court on 1 June 1565, when he was 
assessed in a subsidy roll as owner of forty 
shillings worth of land in the parish of St. 
Duiistan and ward of Farringdon, London. 
But there is no evidence that either of these 
men was a dramatist. Wood was clearly 
misled by the mistakes of Puttenham in his 
'Arte of English Poesie,' 1589, and of Meres 
in his 'Palladis Tamia,' 1598, who both at- 
tributed to an Edward Ferrers or Ferris lite- 
rarj- work wliich should have been placed to 
the crfdit of George Ferrers [q.v.] Ritson, 
while correcting Wood's chief errors, never- 
theless maintained that there was probably 
a dramatist named Edward Ferrers as well 
as the poet George Ferrers; but Puttenham 
and Meres are clearly guilty of misprinting 
'Edward' for 'George Ferrers, and there 
is no evidence outside tlieir testimony to 
ehinv that Edward Ferrers as an author had 
any existence. 

[.\rt. CrKonoK FsnREns, infra; Wood's Athense 
Oxun.,cd.Bliis;Warton'BHist.of£ugltshPoetry, 



■ r 1 

I 
I 



Ay. XHt'A: lUtttnn's Rnglifth Poetii; Uuater'e 
[ChortM Vntum in Addil. MS. 24491. p. 376^ 

FEKRERfi, OKORGE f I.VK)?-lfl79), 
_ jtA anti politician, wafe i>on ot Thomiu F(^r- 

[ma nf Sr. All)Ant>, Hcrtfordtliirt', whi-rt h*> 
boru lit thrt bfifintiinfi of i!n> AixIrvulU 
,ent«iT. Hfl toolc tlip di'pw*? ot'lmebclurof 
Cflnon lEW nt CiLmbriclf^ in Kilil, Hnd in Mtid 
willioul mth'irily to bave sludiwl al (J.tford. 
In iTiHt hi* puhliabed «n Bn^Uab tran^ImjoQ 

Itif tlie Ma^n Clinri* and ft ntli'-r im^iorlnnt. 

\ Btdtntos. Hi* b^ARiR n hiphiIkt nf Lincolu'fi 

[Inn, tind his nraionf- ^Nintnl bim n bigb repu* 
tittirin al tbc bsr | Lklaxd). Tbrimiui Crom- 
well favinmblv noticed bim, and oblaioed for 
him lui (iBice nt court. In 1S35 hn wm eniiKd 

^l^y ihis crown the mim<>r of I'lanistt:'**!, Hen- 
jnrtl-biif, and in 1542 was elected M.P. for 
Plymnuih. In March vTtbs sumo yau ho wu 
am-sl^lon biHiM-aylothn Iioua« of Cnminona 

rbyonpWbitr.nndsentlotheComplfrinBivad 

' Slreet. Whit* bad It-nt n nian iiiiin<-d Wei- 
don of Salidinry twn bnmlred marks, nnd 

^y«mr» had become ttuivt j" for its re|>«Tinriit. 
When the bows of Ferrer*'* nrrMt reacfu^ the 
riimra<>n», tbcy directed the Aer(reant-al-anas 
to dfrnand bia relsaae. The slteriflji of Ijon- 
dom and thnr officers dacUnMl lo accede to 

Itbe Mr){<!a)]t'D n^oMt. The commons bud 
tbfi miutpr bpfore the l':ird8 und tb« jodgM. 
The former oflvrvd, ibrmijtb tlif lord chan- 
cnllnr.to iwmftawrit of pririlfpt- for Ft-rrcrs'it 
difclMTjKe. but tbo commoni* n-fiuw^i the nlTer 
cn Lbe (rround tbikt thoj bod ndequatc autho- 
rity 10 deal with tbe cane. Finallr, Fottws 
VM r«lea«ml, and Ibt- ftbonfl's of lx>n<lon, vrith 
their offlcm* ond Whilt-, were sent to tbe 
Toworan lbecltBrg«of comuiltinf;* btvMh 
€i Ihu prifiloftea of pariUmimt (i^ March), 
ITTiey were ivlotwd two daya lat^r, after 
[tnakin^ tnbmi&sion and pcTing '201. ro«u 
nVRl')illi:^LEr, Ckrwt. i. iSU). The kinji 
fcouiini'nib'd the action of tbt- commons, but 
I juldnd, an if to check tbcir conGdcncc, tlinl 
Ferrem held the nfficn of I'agf of bi* rlmm- 
Iher, and was on that ground privibgi^l from 
I arrtitl. The tUyrf, which is n'biliil at Innfrth 
Holiashcd, is qiiotf d lu a prfcndent for 
dillWDtary priTilpfie by writers on con* 
Rthurlonal hii^ton- (Ho!.i\9iiBI>, PAroit. ])p. 

if)'pr»-tf; U\THEi.L.7vtwrfenf*,i.r,3: [Iallah, 

CbajfiV. Wi.r. i. yiU-SiL Korror* yvtin rr- 
clttttpd M.r. for iMymoulb euHy in I'riO, 

, awl for a thinl tim" in Kh'^^. In 1M7 be 
TK^I'ijtlt^l f<ir th>> piin-1iii,H» of tlic t^ito uid 

j tlemesnt-A of the priorv "' Mnrkjraie, Ilvdford- 

■hiK^of th« jrtMilyT&tue of HM. 4^. K(f.. with 

olhiT proMrtT of thffprioi^ of thv yearly ^-aUie 

of ttf. K#. I Ud'. The kiiifT allowed an uljute- 

aiml uf 6L fur ntuiuin when thu umount of 



tbe p(ircbase-mon< y wan dHemiined, in eoo' 
eiderationof Fi^rreri'sgood senice. Thegnnt 
was formally Civmph'led in 1649. 

Feiwra is said to have ^rred in the wars 
against Scotland and France. He moat nro- 
bably nttendud Henry VIII in aomi; cml 
cajHiuitv in hi* military expedition*. Uenry 
miirkea bte atlachment fur him by leannjr 
bin) one huadred mnrka by will. ' A<t ■ 
iH'iil binaii ofniy lord protector's, and imi- of 
tbe commieaiotters of earring in tbe nnny,' 
he wn>i in Sc(>lbind enrlv in Kdwunl \V» 
reign with rliR I)iik<i of Sninereet, and the 
contemporary biitorisn of the expedition 
chai^M him with cruelly »motberiiig mmo 
Scots who were biding in a cave near I^jtb 
(pATTEK, Erpfdifwti into Seotlaadc, 164H, 
p. 44). I1ii^ ori^iiunl mantucript of aootlier 
conteotnorarr account of tbe war by Le Sieur 
fierlei'illu (nrst printed by the Bannal^iui 
(^ub in 182^>) was proaented by (he autlior 
to Edwattl VI, and by tht' lun^ to Ferrets. 
The inanuikTipt. wbicb io extant in Cot- 
toniari Library, t'leop, A.xi., ishf>adt'd*Ijibcr 
Ofornii iTerren es dono Kefpe Edouardi.' 

At Christiniu I66I Ferrers was directed 
to prepare a series of pagnuta and paatin>ee 
on a very f^rgeoas scale to distnict I hti yonnf[ 
kinp,waowas reported to be sorrowing over 
the etecution of ni» uncli> Homeraet (Gb*?- 
TtRf). luMli'md of the urdtnury title uf lord 
of miArtile Imnie by tbe dirut'lor of thn court 
fo«iiv'iiii«,FerTvr9WM ffiren ihe superior de- 
(signntion of ninirter oi the king'n pii»liine«.' 
Thi'jHTforronncMi took plan' at flrei^nwich. 
Sir Thomas Cawardeo, mssror of the reTels, 
was directed to Hiipply Ferrers with large 
ittiDS of money and much rich apptuvl. A 
train of officers and sen'anis was enrolled In 
hiH»4^Tvice, Among hiseiffbl councillorswen! 
Sir Kolwrl Staftonl and Hir Tbomoa Wimlwr. 
nis' fool at tt-ndant'wat John ^myth, A player 
of the kiiift's household. A ma»ijue eutitled 
* The Triumph of \'nnu« ami ^lani ' wa.* de- 
riaed bvliiin, lo[retbcrwilhmas(jue& of apes, 
of tlin nr»s»U worthieH.andof'niedyojeii . , , 
double-visacud, th' one sydo lyke a msu, th' 
other lyke di.«th.' l''or tweire days sijcli de- 
Tice* were prodiicfwl at frrqnent intervaU, 
and on IS M«Tvh the Duke of Northumber- 
land pi%'0 F^m-r* W/. with his own hands. 
While boldintt hi*olbc<,' at court he was en* 
lertaint^d wiih much t^olfmnity by the lord 
mayur, F*^rr^'r# was reituialed in ofliee al 
(!hri>iiiias ir>o'i,»nd William Baldwin |i|. v.] 
aA^ifiltNl bim in bis pntponilions (mn< IIamv 
Wl>-,//e([-./r^Mi'r«/,Vi01). JobnHmvtb WM 
ai:ain hia fool and 'beJiHipparv'nt,'an(f among 
his other 'KOtis'wns one Klderton, perhaps 
WtUiuiu Klflerlon 'n. v.] Mr. Wmdbara wn* 
bis admiral. Sir Cicor)^ Howard wu tbe 



Ferrers 



384 



Ferrers 



author of 'The Triumph of Cupid,' a muque, 

Sroduced by Ferrers. InalettertoCawarden, 
escribing the requirements of his office, Fer- 
rers wrote that he stood in need of ' a divine, a 
philosopher, an aBtronomer,apoet, a phisician, 
a potecarie, a master of requests, a civilian, a 
diaard, a clown, two gent lemenusbers, besides 
juglere,tumbler8,fool8,friarB, and such other' 
(Lo«eleyMSS.Sl-5). Ferrera'a extant letters 
to Ca warden show that he was busily engaged 



in preparing masques till Febromry, when the 
first signs of the king's fatal illneaa put an end 
to the feBtivities. At the following Christ- 
mafiof 1553QueenMary retained the services 
of Ferrers as lord of misrule, and rich rai- 
ment was provided forhimand his attendants. 
There can be little doubt that Ferrers him- 
self wrot« masques for these entertAinmenta, 
but none of hta own contributions have sur- 
vived. 

Although a protestant, Ferrers was ready 
to take sen-ice under Queen Mary. He as- | 
sisted in repressing Wyatt's rebellion, and ' 
was ordered a reward of 100/. (cf. Usdkr- ' 
It ILL, Autobiography inXarraticM of the Re- I 
/ormatitm,jyp. 163-tf ; Chron. of Quern Jane, 
p. 187). He represented Brackley in the 1 
parliaments of 1654 and 15oo, and was once ' 
fined for absenting himself from the house 
without leave. Lf nder Elizabeth Ferrers took 1 
littli! o]>en part in politics. He served the 
oflicoof escheatorforthecoiintiosof Es-sex and 
HiTtfordin lo67,and was elected M.P.for.St. ; 
Albunsiii lfJ71. But beyond being mentioned '. 
as till- mi^mber of a committee to consider a 
proposed subsidy, Iiis name doos not appear in 
tin; 'Journals.' There is, however, reason to 
hflievo that oulside parliament Ferrers was 
iiilriffuiiig in behalf of Mary Q"^'i ^^ Scots, 
He was mi friendly ti-rms with Mary's envoy, 
the Bishop of Ross, and Kosa believed thiit 
Ferrers wua concerned in the authorship of ' 
a Liiliii iinpiibli.-(hed work advocating Queen I 
Marj-'ticliiiintosucceed Elizabeth. Thebishop 
IHisitivelydwIaredthatthroutrhouttheparlia- | 
mentof 1571 Ferrers supplied him with much j 
political information (Mlrdin, Stale Papers, 

I'O. :i", 4;t, 4f!, r,i). \ 

Ferrers died in January l.')?**-?), and was ^ 
buried at Flamstead 11 Jan, Administration 
of Iiis eifepta was granted by the prerogative 
courl of Canterbury 18 May 1579. He had 
a wife Jane, bv whom he had a aon, Julius 
Ferrers of Mnrhgate, who was buried atFlam- ! 
Bti'ad ;10 Sept. IfiiKi. _ ; 

As earlv us 1M4 Ferrers published 'The 1 
Itoke of ^fnglla Carta with divers other S(a- 
tules . . . translated into Englyshe,' Lon- 
don (by U. Redman"). The same publisher 
reissued the book without date about 1541, 
and Thomas Petyt produced a new edition 



in 1542. According to Stow, Ferrers ' col- 
lected the whole history of Queen ^afV as the 

same is set down under the name of Richard 
Oraaon'(STOW,1631,p.632). Grafton denied 
the statement, but Stow insisted on its truth. 
j At the request of his fiiend, ThomAs Phaer, 
FerreiB wrote the epitaph oa Phaer'a tomb 
in Kilgerran Church, Pembrokeshire (1560) 
{S/iaketpeare Soc. Papers, it. 1-6). Bnt 
his chief claim to literuy distinction lies 
in the &ct that he shared with Baldwin the 
honour of having invented the series of his- 
torical poems entitled ' Mirror for Magis- 
trates.' To the earliest voliune, issued by 
Baldwin in 1559, Ferrers contributed the 
opening poem, on the fall of Robert Trefiilian, 
and two others, dealing respectively with the 
murder of Thotnas 01 Woodstock and the 
death of Richard II. Baldwin, in his preface, 
^^Tites that Ferrers suggested the whole de- 
signaflerstudyingLydgate's' Fall of Princes.' 
In the next volume, issued under Baldwin's 
editorship in 1563, Baldwin states that Fer- 
rers's official engagements prevented his con- 
tinuance of the work, and tnat he had handed 
over his materials to himself. Ferrers's sole 
contribution to the 150S volume is the'Tra- 
gedye of Edmund, Duke of Somerset.' The 
edition of 1578, which combines the contents 
of the earlier volumes, was, it has been sug- 
gested, edited by Ferrers. There first appearwi 
in this edition, besides Ferrers's older contri- 
butions, two additional poems by him treat- 
ing of the punishment of Eleanor Cobham, 
duchess of Gloucester, and the death of her 
husband, Duke Humphrey. In George fias- 
coigiie'a account of Leicester's entertainment 
of the queen at Kenilworth in 1575 ('The 
Princely Pleasures at the Courte at Kenel- 
wortli') verses by Ferrers welcoming Eliza- 
beth are placed in the mouth of ' the Ladie 
of the Lalie.' 

That Ferrers was highly esteemed in his 
own time is undoubted. But his reputation 
has somewhat suffered through a mistake of 
Putt(;nliam and Meres, who, writing of him 
at the close of the sixteenth century, wrongly 
dosipnated him Edward Ferrers or Ferris. 
' But the principal man,' writes Puttenham, 
in his 'Arte nf Eiifjiish I'oesie,' 1 589 (ed. Arlier, 
pp. 74-5), ' in lliis profession [i.e. poetrv] at 
the same time [i.e. Edward Vl's reignjwas 
Master Edward Ferrys, a manof no leas mirth 
and felicity that way [than Stemhold and 
Heywood], but of much more magnificence 
in his metre, and therefore wrote for the most 
part to l!io stage in tragedy and sometimes 
in comedy or interlude, wherewith be gave 
the king so much good recreation as he had 
thereby many good rewards.' Again, Putten- 
ham writes, p. 77 ; ' For tragedy the lord of 



Ferrers 



3S5 



■errers 



BudchiirHt and Mwt«r PMvrsnl Fi'irya, for 
mu-h doitifpi lu I liavii mwii of tlii^ir^, do de- 
servfl the highest priio.' Th>TP run be no 
qii»?«tk>n (bat in tlm fiiul isaMUjwI'ulti-nliam 
rofrrs to ( ■■*f>iyi5 1'Vin^rs's cnurt mnsqucp, uid 
in the second to Ferrers's tliare in tlii'' Minvir 
for MrigiHtrnt';,*.' MiTi's. in his 'PalUdis 
Tainia,' l'tQ>*, cnumeraleB ' a.mon^ our best 
for Iragedy' 'Mauler EJwunJ Koirin,' ftnH 
thi» name is imroediotvty followrd by thf. 
word* 'ih« author of the " MirrorforMaRis- 
Tiatefl,"'p04itiTp proof ihntMcrMwojivrritinff 
of Ooorjp! F«m?nj. Wood in thu fimt edition 
of hi* ' Athenw ' d(>peDded litentllr on Put- 
tmibnti] and Mcn-v, luu] gave briuf inomoin 
of iirtiliKiIwan! fttiddisorfff ^>rrRr»,a.«Tihiiig 
tfl ihe formar ihn Bhare in the ' Mirror for 
Mnpintrateo' which undoubtedly beloiiff* to 
the ln.t.t«r. lie identitieil his Edward Ferrets 
with a member of tlie Baddesley Clinton 
family of \V«rwick«hiro, of whom he knew 
Dolliin^ beyond the name [see Fb'KKKRA, 
Edward]. In the second edition AVood 
correet«a somu uirors in \m accountit of Kd~ 
w»rd and George Ferrfirs, but insintt-d that 
Pnttenham nna Meres niadc it phiin that 
HiHtri^tt FfrrdTv Itad n faiitt^nipirarv named 
EdwardwhoexoelleduAdnunatifit. Warton, 
howmcr, itflvr much hesitation, canii' to th» 
conchiRion that the only anthor of Ed- 
ward Vl's time bearing the eaniame of F«r- 
rtrt, was Ororp- FcrrtTi, nod rbat the exist- 
ence of Edward Kerrerii an a dramatic author 
WBA due to PiittL'uhain*a and Mltcs's errors. 
KitMD contested this o>ineliuioD,buiJos«ph 
Hunter und I'hiliii IJUsa support Warton. 
The only Dl]«.'p.-d pii'^'e of ovidennt which baa 
come tuliirhtiiiire Wartoii wrotif ])rov«* very 
deliiAive. in l(i:K)tberew«*priiile(!'>{aaqiies 
perfumiL'd bL-foro Queen Elisabi-tb. frvta a 
cni'vgd C'i\n in n vfiluuu- of MS. Cnlh^ct iona 
by Henri- f^crrers, esq., of Iladdt'idey Clinton, 
in ihir cii, "f WarwMrk, in th« possfwiiion iif 
^Villiam HuRijitT, iwq.' Theri' am three 
inas(|uee here, only one of which wks prtntm] 
before (in thu ' Phoriis Xi-st,' 1593, nnd in 
Nichols ■•Projrrt'He*,' vol. iii.) Tlie'Ilrilish 
Miwcuin Cat«ro^uo' boldly ascribes them 
all to ()«owo Furrers. IJiil IKmry Fi'rrvi*. 
to whose libnrr i!i« manuacririls ure aaid 
to have belonged, waa son uf iliaC Ldwani 
FwnTa 'if Raddcslev Clinton hjjoii whom 
Wood foistii the deaignation of dramatist, 
and hence it might appear that Willinm 
Hnmpcr'aTolumi' snppli^ miuqiics that, may 
be attributable to the diepuled Edward Fer- 
Tem. Int'Tnal evidence iiliow.*, however, tlint 
the three maflijiii'« wi^rv writlen about ISi^l. 
George Ft-rrere bad then heen dead twelve 
yoars, and Edwani FcrnTs of BaJdcsli^y Clin- 
ton twenty-ee^eii year*. The authorahip of 
iTOI„ XvJit. 



■|TOI„ XVJIt. 



the BiWDM cannot theniforD be assigned to 
either of them. Tbern is bittlpr riNisnn fi:)r 
OMigntng lliom to Henn- Ferrors himself 
[<|.v.l, who iscmditt^d bv Wood with poetical 
procfivities in yonth, 

[Cooper's Athens OaotAbr. i. 38B. 6flO; Ltt*- 
mry KviiifiiDs of Kdir. VI (Roxburithri Clob), 
elxxii-vi. 21 8. 3«a-3 ; Biog. Brit.; ColIicrV Aatml» 
of tha StAi^e: Miichyn'> lilary (Camd. Soc), pp. 
ri'i7-8 ; Hill'" ChronicI"; fiMfton'» ClirOHicIo ; 
Mirrorof Mamstntoe,«l. Haalcwood, IHIA; Ks- 
tnrosof Ilianb«rB of I'&irllnracDt. pt. i. Ap[iiiiidtx 
xxt. xxiiii.; Wood's Athen* Uion., ail. Uliaa, 
i. 4*3; CliruQii;1turQu«cii Jaiio and QuL'l^n Mary. 
[Camdoa Sx-.). pp. 13o. 186 : Collier's Uist. Eng- 
li.ili Ununntitr Piirtry, i. 14C, ]49 , WarlooV 
HUt. Eutilish Pwity (I87l\ iv. 164 rt aeq.. 
]9fi. 211. 2IS; Ritacvn'sRnElish I'ooLs: Iltintfr'a 
^fnnu!C^ipt Clionia VtIihii in .\dilit. MS, 344(11. 
f-377.1 S.L.L. 

FERRERS, IllONKV he (a. 1086), 
Pomesday comroissioner, was uie sod of 
■Walkelin, lord of Ken-icrcs St.-Hilaire in 
Normandy, who waa slain during thv nii- 
norilyofWilliamtheUoiiuueror. W aci? makes 
him, m ' Ht-nri le iSiK de F«rriers,' present 
at the battle of Haatinga. He is found >a 
' UomcMday ' (1086) in {HMaesBion of eat&tea 
in fourteen countiM, hia chief poeseeaions 
betnr in Derbyshire, where he held a hundred 
and fourlwn mnimv. His principal soat waa 
TuihuryCftfltle,StatfordHhiiv, which bad bwn 
previously held bv Hugh d AtTunches, earl 
of Che*t*r (Onn. Vrr. iil 222). He also had 
afpaul of tbo lauda of QodricvShcrifTof Ik-rk- 
shiro {DomeiKlfly Book). lie is found acting 
iu WorcectOTvhiro as ocio uf the Doinraduy 
commiasioneni (IlEMi\a, fol. ]SJi>. f^hortly 
afterwords he founded, in ramjutiction with 
hi« wifu Uenha, Tutburv Priurv (Mmi. AmL 
iii. astl). 

(Dommday BooV(I{ceordCominiMon); Hmn- 
iiig's Cartulary of Worvcatrr, «d. Hvarnv; Or- 
dcricua VilftlJH(Sociiti de I'Histoiredc Franrt);. 
MonaMt)COiiAiiglicftiium,nawed.;Fi«oaiati'>Nur> 
man Cotujuesi. vol. iv.] J. II. R, 

FERRERS, IIKNRY (Ir>49-ie331, anti- 
miarv.ion nnd hL'irofEdwardFerTersfq.v.]fif 
Baddeslfv (.'Jim on, \\'arwick»hirt', by lindgot , 
daughter and heiress of William, lord Wind- 
sor, was lx>ni in that county on £6 Jon, lS4Ii'. 
Hi' tieranie a student at llxford, |m>bnhly as 
s member of Hart Uoll, in the Iwginning of 
Qikeen Eliub<-l1i's ri<ign,l>uf it i« not known 
whether he look a degree. Afterwanta he 
retired lo his patrimony, and devoted him- 
self to thp fitiiiiy of hi-raUlry, genealogy, and 
autiquiliee. He was Ihe earhe.it collector of 
mati>riaht for the liistorj' of bin county, with 
the exception of John Hoijii,nnd hu inlfisdei^ 
to publish a ' Perambulation of Warwick- 

00 



Ferrers 



Ferrers 



•hin ' oo dK- modv) of LaDib«nlft> ' Penuti' 
baUtton of Kr'nt,' bul did not rarrv Ui" An- 

ftifm intoefleci. Camdcu mvit thut Wwu'a 
mnn both for )iarcntikgr and for kiiairlodgf* of 
Bnl)i)uily. Ti'r>- commttotUblr and my upwiitl 
fri<fnd ; wlio . . . Iialh at kII tJmi-» riiurtwjuxljr 
skdwed tnd tJie tighl wut -vrbpn I was nut. 
ftnd from bit ouMlk, as it'w>Tt>. hntb li^etl 
mbuf * ( AnVjinniin, cd.Gmi^h, it. .'Ul ). Uuif- 
. dule, who in n-ntntit tlir ' Anuquitii'fl of War- 
wiclaihii*' rnodp .•iiennive uwi of FemrB's 
muuuBcnpt cullvcti'jnii, dcAcribes him ms an 
emiuetit »ntMitary antl *a man of di«tui- 
guishwl wortD, rpflwtiti^ Ui^in on the im- 
ciimt and nnblt) fnmilT to which h«beloDgwl.' 
(}u!Utm writes that I-\-rrm u-u * a man vm 
judicioit* in inatU-iv of hononr.' i^omv of lue 
msniitirntXs arc pr<>*i-rv»>d nt llw> Cidli^' of 
Arm*, nlbers in tlie li^heldoiiiou Ubmrr, the 
AshmolMti MuHi>um,Oxford,and thr ifrilioh 
Museum (I^intd. MS. ^90 a and b), and ei«rht. 
ToInmM, at Iwist, are in th* Hhrnry of Mr, 
S'auiiti^m of Loii^brid^n; (Colvile. 'HVMiV* 
of Wanricktiii-r^ y. 2^12).' ' JI« bad also in 
bu youngiT daj-s. nays \S'ood, ' a good faculty 
in fwtry, mrmo of which I hare »wn M&l- 
I*-rpH in'divew boolm jwintod in the reipn of 
qu. Eliwholli' (AtAena Ojrxm. ed. Klitw. ii. 
fi"2). l->rp>T*. who n-M an adk^rKnt of thu 
Roman catholic church (UoDD, CAureA Jlift. 
iii.74).diodon lOOrt. 163S,8mlwa»l>«ripd 
itt th« church of Iladdcsley Clinton. Hi.> 
niarrinl, in October loH^/jan*-, daughter 
and n>h«ir«8Sof Hi»iiy White, era., of South 
W&mboroiich, IIai)iivthir>-, «'inof 8irThoiDBii 
Whittf, kni^lit, and by hpr (who diwl 7 S"pt. 
1C86, aged 23) he tuid a son. Edward and & 
danebbir Hary. 

Tbw writer of the introduction lo the 
' Arehnwlogia • conjrrturpd that F«*rrei« was 
tbo author of ' A Molinn for crMrting an 
Academy Itoyal.arColledTO of Kin{f Janifie.* 
nanuHcript written in 1617, but the ntnl 
autlinr vitM Edmund Bolton [^. t,] 

[pn^^lAA Wnrsrickshiw. p. 710; Ihizdjilfr'* 
I^f« and Diary (IlnmpeT), p. 265; Burko'* 
Undcd QftAry, 1SC9. p. 170: Shlrl47*« Noble 
andQantleManof [EDgluid.p.S«l; llarl.MSS. 
374, art. 17, 689, art. S. 3151. p. 328 ; Qillow'a 
Bill. Diet.; Hacnvti't Forest of Arden. pp. 144, 
146, 201,200, :il2: Aahmol. HSS. 71!) f. 113 6, 
7» f. S3, I1U7 f. 21<l; Macny'n Oat. of tha 
RKwIiBKii MSS. ii. G03: Caiiid«]^ MsitAiioQ of 
WarvielcBliirv ia 1619 (Harl. Soc.). p. h; Ilun. 
t«r'a HS. Chonu Valuin v., in BriL Mia. Addil. 
MS. 28491. p. 421.1 T. C. 

FERREBS, JOSEPH (17d6-I797X Caiw 
melite friar, bora in 1725. was probably dp- 
BOonded from ayoungi-rbrdnch «lhe family 
of llwt luuDc wated at JladdcjJcy Clinton in 
VTarwiclBhirc. He w«« prof«M«.d in oao gf 



tbfi forrii^ ronvf^la in 174A, p.- 
iirietil ia IT't^l. af^vr nbirh h' > 
Enplii^h miMunn. Uo \tf< 
thw Knpli-h CArtDclites, nr. 
W Auff, 1797. a^ 72. 11,: put-U- 
Diwrnuree pronounced ... in ttu' ('liaji^l 
hii Kxr«lloiw*y the NenpolitoD A 
in th>> Solemn S<>rviiN>o<:-lvhmt«>'' 
fur lji.iiii» XVI, late King of Irini-i 
' French and Enfrlinb,' rlvo, Lninlon, L7Wt. 
[OJIIov'i mbt. IMct. of the Engluh Otlholi 
ii. 262-3] O.HJ 

FERB£BS,niCaARDOC.16eO). £fl 

I FERRERS, ROBERT r 
rior.wiM thesonand beiroi I 
rij.r.l.thp founder of I ho family. I \ 
IuBfatberiindr-riK-urv[,andiafir-' 

' in tho record of a suit b*-tw»t^n ili.' »hi>,i 

' 49, &c.) In I KK) he xn fmuid Iwwiiii^rr^^ 
rainos at Wirken'orth (Hot. I'ip. M 
He waji one uf tlw ivi 
charier in llS6(JS;fii^:' ' 
two v<wr< Inter was a It-aiii-r mi m. 
at the battle of the StAndard^Ric. Hi 
p. 162). In this same year (ll.'lSi 
rrK-atcd an <-arI by Stephen (iti. u. IC~ 

ViT, xiii. 37>, OH wLom be! "l'" ' 

himoelf lo his son-in-law, \\ 
and induced him to rvturo '--...-. .^-^i-. 
(■A.) llie earl died in n»9(Kjc. 
p. 178). 

[Pips Boll SI Un. I (It<voril i 
Itnrton Oaitnlary (Uiilurioil PoHt- 
ftirdahiriB. V. 1); Ordmcus Vjtalia; Bi< 
HoxluuutRollsSar.): Stnhfaa'e Selaet ' 

J. 

FERRERS, ROBERT. Eabi. of I)i 
or Fkhrkks (liH}?-l*7i>y). Pon of Willis 
Ferrers, earl of Derby, and of hi* 'tiI'm Mii 
garet, daniililrrand one of i-' - -ivm i 

RogierdftJuincT.i-nrlof Witi . .. 

abwit llMO. Whpn quite a ri.ilil l::s fetj 
nmtuintd with Hwinrlll forhin mnmsin.- wij 
babella. one of the dau^ht<^r» '^f the i 
theking'shalf-brotheni.lIuiih.MofLtl 
count nf T,a >[ArcHi.> (Vi.vckst, J/is 
Errnur» in Hronke'* Cataic/ur "f J*'o 
30a,fromao»RolUofU»il.Ili,i.e. H 
On her early death bar cister Mary, n flrl i 
a^nen years of aga, wa:i nmrrind n( W« 
minatt-r to the farid^room of niao dimn 
V240{An». di hurtoH. p, JSr>p. Tliii, m« 
riag» was part of lien r- 
for his nwdv IVHi'vin : 
28 March (lA. p. .^17; AIait. l'*iUai,^ 
iVojKW, r. 430 Ilober1*fl ftithnr di'-'l. 
b«anii»lhi' king's ward. Id 
cmtodyofbi8c»latC8toaWii ■ 



•errers 



J«7 



Ferrers 



» 



P 



I 



(Kiefrjifn f Hot. J'liu'itm, ii. 183), but aooQ 
tTBDsfttrrcd llw lucrativf diSTVe to hi&uldvvi 
fwii,ICdwiird (/iMn. />uiw/. I*. 194). lu 1267, 
howiJTor, the nueeo nnd r«t<>r of Saroy gnre 
llw kttifr i>ix thousaatl marks to obt&ui ihv 
ctiRtodv of Ferrers'f) eelAtos ((^/. ^o/. Pat. 
41 H.'ni, m. 9). lu 1260 he performed 
hnnia^e anil look pn^ACMiOD of his Uads 
{Jiurion. p. 491). Ue is tliea caid to bftve 
'dertroTM the priory of Tutbury* (tA.), a 
tarailr foundaiion nt rhc chief ivsideuM of 
liis house; bul he ultiuiittcly iMuedcbtrters 
c<onfirmiii|; tJio grants of his pre^deocasors to 
tliAi. church, aoa eveu niBdu it en udditi'jual 
anaXl gnat of lire marks of fulver frotu his 
fflilU aX Tiitbury (Di'CDALI, Momutieoa, 
tii. SHR). Hn wKin i-ntnred into public Vth 
as a chvnpioa of the baronial cause ag&iiut 
Ilunry lir Th« king regarded with peculiar 
diRlike Itie nieoe'a hufbutd, whose marrtuge 
connKlioDs Mliould have brought him into 
the court pan; (Risuaugbr, p. 40, ItoUs 
Ser.: CSlrow. df Mfl»a,u. 132). Uii the out- 
break of eii-il war in IStlS Ferrers took three 
castlui from Edward, thv kin^> huh {Duruf. 
p. 'J'Ji). On 19 l''«bi. he oiptuwd WorcKtiiir 
uA«'r a lung sicgu aiid iwri^nil attacks (Ann. 

H'ormter, p. 446). He showwl much t>o- 
Ivnoe to rhi' ronquered cit;, destroying the 
Jewrr, npnilin^ r«Ii7iou8 and »wulan luike, 
and deTBfitating thelting'sparknl nissASOBR, 
p. IS). By u Kubwquent march to Gloucester 
ri'rrieri* nared U» aoru of Leieotttr from a 
fonDida)>l« uttacli of Edward, captured Kd- 
ward, and d«tain»d him in priaoa for a abort 
tiins {J>iaut.f. 2^). lo the apringof 1304 
liA was one of the eoared«rat« barons who 
replied to obey tho kind's writ of summoBS 
< H'orrtiter, p. 460). lie took arms and 
marehcd to Cheater, when? he gained a de- 
cidnl victun over a royuliHt uruiy of WoUh 
and Koglifth {Dutul. p. '2M>); but lii^ old 
(tplHim-Rt Inward mercdeaslydcvaBtatod bin 
londi in Derbyshire and 8taflbrdKhin>, and 
destroyed his ca&tle of Tathury. On :^3 Atij^. 
Iw ivua aaMfjnrd with Lpicest^r to treat of 
certain arduous bueinen of Kate (Fadera, 
i. 449), am) h« waa one of the Ave eariii who 
trtocit^ Huminoiiaea to tho famooa parlia- 
inent of 20 Jbil 1MB {LiUr de Ant. Ltg. 
p. 71V FIa was here accused of violence 
«nd roblxT>' after tin paaea, and attadci'd so 
vi'iIr'iiU t>v rhu kioff tliat Montfort to mvr> 
hif ■ :ii up m the Tower ( n*i7M/-/^, 

E:r OP GLOCCMtKit, ii. f>AO, ml. 

Imniu;. It wa^, howrver, Miiqiec(«d by 
many that Ffrmm had join«d tlw* £arl of 
lilourcBt^r in hid oppoaitlon lo Montfort, 
Mil^tfa t bi< nrrmt was deat^vd to woakun 
■"*"'■"" ic party that diitnisted Mont- 
tti\iu 1. W 1 i.x», p. 100, holds strongly 



\ 



this Tiew, which is, howeroT, discredited by 
lieor^'ti hiHiilityi. Uts lands wore solmii, 
he waa lifou(;Lt to trial, and only avoidutl 
judicial CO nd'_-m nation bv a complete sub- 
inUMion (CW. liut. Pat. iil II. Ill, mm. 1ft, 
22'|. Tlie fall of Montfort brought him no 
rrliaf { WiKR*, p, 17ri>,uti) ho doua not seem 
to have h^wn reloa^i^d from prison before tho 
spring of 1;^. He now, howeror, i>ut him- 
Mlf at th* head of tho ' ili»iiih>'ril«<i ' whom 
the hantb ln«tmant of Ibe victors had driri'^ 
into revolt, and gathered an armr in his own 
district in Derbyehirv. On 16 May ho was 
with his tPKtp* at Cbesti^rtii^ld when he was 
surprised by llcnry of Almayn, ood, after a 
complete dufeut, wsk himself takoa prisoBor 
aa lie lay lielpteas with gout, from whidi 
ho i^uiTenid liko his father and smndfiither 
(WTKr.s,pp. 188-9; <iMiM''lJJR.Wro.ii. I97i 
L\b. dn Ant. Leg. p. 3(1 ; Kousirr oF OLor- 
rB3TRlt, ii. 5ft4 ; cfT Arch^ol-tgia, ii. 270-BS). 
He watt londeil with dmimt and confinnd n 
priM^nvr in Wind*or Cast io. In tho' Dictum 
li.'Kenilworlh'CiO Nov. 1266) he was. with 
the soEuofMontfort. specially exempleu from 
the general compoijiitton, and was requiml to 
rcdwm his lands by the exceptionally heavy 
fine of aeven years' rent, (to 5 Aug., lw)w- 
ovor, Uvanr Iwd granted his estates to hia 
brotlier, I-^unund of LancA<>ter(f,W.7Zu/. Pat. 
.W H. ni, m. 9). On 1 May 1289 Ferrers 
pludgrd liimirlf ill hiM priitfiii nl t?hiiipeuluim 
to pny Kdmund tlin i>normnua §un of fiO,000/. 
on one day for hii inten-vt in his estates 
(l>ttoi>Ai,r.,'i.3fUi KKi<niTOit,c3438; Chnn. 
tie MeUa, ii. 13l>). This, however, be failnl 
to do, ao that the great moaa of the Derby 
ostatoa passed permanently to the hooM of 
Laocaster, as toe saita wuicb Ferrers and 
his widow after him brought against Earl 
Edmund faikHl lo dislodge uiu fmrn hio poe- 
••&Mioa<i ^iee summaiy of the pleaUiuij;* in 
Ut'uDAt^ Baronagt, i. 204-5; oud Abbre- 
ttaiiit Plarilorum, p. 187). Ferreirn look no 
further part in imUic life, tbougfa about June 
I'ilfitiio wa? reli-aj'm] from bis prtaonat Wnl- 
lingford bv ibe forbearance of Edward (Dd»- 
DAue,i. L-fti; cf. Cal. Hot. Pat. f.3 It. Ill, 
m. 16) and rviN^ivcd rrslitution of partof hia 
prowrtv. His violence and want of settled 
policy hod mined his carv«r, and he hod 
long been equally distrusted by both sides 
(UiBiuxosB, p. Id). Though still occasion- 
ally spoken oT as carl (e.g. Caf. Gnmitcg, 
p. 'MS in the 4 E. I) be bad practically lost 
that position, and his deacendanta were nerer 
able lo will back tha titla now that the e^ 
tst«s were gone U> a more powerful boaar. 
He died befbre 20 Nov. 1^9 (ib. p. 303). 
lie directed his bod/ to bo buried at the 
priory uf Su Tbomas<by*StaD6rd, to tJia 



Ferrey 



SM 



Ferrey 



ranoiiA of wtiioU ohurcli hu gftrc lundu At 
Clianloy Kii<J tlie udvowion of Stow, Denr 
CUtrllcy (IlCflliiiB, MonatttMn, vi, 472). 
Kv lu« aeoDiid wifo, £l«utor, nid to h&ve 
bwn dtuKbterof lUlpti, lord Btt&fiet ( ViS- 
re-tT, p. S)7>, lie Inft a Mm JofiK, Ixini hi 
Jutif 1271 aL Cardiff, wlio hiiccm^mI to his 
grniul mother Mufpuvt'a aliUT> of ihe Win- 
chaster wtal«a (C'dA O'rnivltiffit-um.m: 4<14, 
763), knd, ftfter joiuiu|j: Iti>bun nii<l Ijifi;rtd in 
the fitruggle for the i-lmrtt-rB, v/aa Bimiiaon(>d 
|i>|iiarliaEnrfil in 1290 ami iliii) in 1324. Hit 
wiu the. uiceeLor of the Lord.4 Ferroni of 
Ch»rtleT. A daughter of HoWrt FwirerK 
nutfried td her wooiul biuluad UiiTjdd ab 
Urufiiidd [■). v.] 

[Amolw UaaaAici. BiabsRget'a Chnnide, 
QuoBwon da M«1h (alt in Rol&StrtM); Lilwr 
d* Antiqnia Xiogibni, Biahaiigor do Velio (Cam- 
dm Sm.), Coattnuation of FloriMica of Wor- 
«niit4ir (Kngl. Milt. Sotr.) ; Itobart of 4)li>w«iiUr'ii 
Slotriaal Chrvniclr. ol. HeariM; Kui^hton in 
TwTtdra. Decern .Scn{>torM; RymcrV Fcrdcm, 
Tol. L ; Cnlendariuni Rutnlonim i^^tenlium. Ex* 
eerMa a Roiulb Fiaimn. aod CaUaxUnmn Qv- 
tUMJogieam, ed. ]l««tTd (^onuniaBga ; Duj^dole's 
BaronoKC, i. 262-6; Doylv'a Official Bsronag*, 
i.B49.! T.F.T. 

FERREY, BENJAMIN (ISlO-lSflOX 
archiLL-ct, was born at Otiristcliurcb, Hamp- 
»liiro,oa 1 April 1610. HuwuKthL' vuttoffest 
aon of a genUeinnii of [luLfUBnol fTlmt-lton, 
whom fiimily seltlMl in hngland on the re- 
vcKalioai of tliu irdict wf N«nN«. Ho rarlv 
BTinrM a taste for dmwinft and a lore of 
sltetcliiiieold btiildiiiRs,an<l at tliv kki? of thir- 
teen made TorTcorrcrtdrawinportliwintiMi or 
of Ibo fino old priory church of his nutivu 
nl«c«. \Vhil« at the (ijTntnmar school of Wim- 
onme in Doriieliiliirft, vliere bo rocoived his 
early oducation, he uaocl to sjwnd hours draw- 
ing in thesncimt mimtcr, and bccr^ntuoUy 
bvcame, indeed, one of tli« bi»t iurcbitt<cturBL 
draughtcnicn of bis dnv. At an early Ag» 
lie WW plac«d by hia &thor tvilh the eld^ 
Pugin. lie aecoupaniedhis inajttvronoiaoy 
excureioDs for thi' uurpuco of meo^urin^ and 
drawing iniKlljr-vHl Ijtiiuiin^ in Hn^land and 
Normandv. while ba an inmaiA of Puf^lti'a 
house liP Denetit4?d bv a diK'inline somewhat 
rij^OTonitly cnforMti) \ij Mrs. Piigin, and hu- 
mufouHly described in the ']t«collvctioiu' of 
the elder and younecr Puf^ns aftorwurda 
puhli^liod by bioi. Many of iho drawings 
publiiihed by the oldttr I'ufiiri wtre cxvcut*"! 
by his pupi^ and a larir)' pmponion of thnae 
in his 'Omamenlal itur^'MlHiatrls ' and bis 
'Gothic Omamcnla' bear the aifmaturt' of 
Fwn-y. After M'vvral yean spent in this 
excellent, whnol f.f pnt<::ticii; Ferrey enten-'J 
the office orW)lld&s,wli9 employed hia u^ion 



lh« detail drawing of : 
and bvini; thus fort usai' 
intliK'ncc of the rlaMic Kiumi lie whm 
tually weaned from a biKote<l HrDf-btaf 
the Gothic revival, in wticL ' ■ -^ 

early worker, lu IS34 hr ii,: 

ronjunction willt Kdwanl 'W .ijln..- llmylrl 
[u. v/, Lii ' AnitouitiFs of ihi* Priory Chur 
of C'hriatirhurvli, Ilantit,' nnd wxin aftrrvcar 
WMnmetKrtl bttBimMs aa an an-hiti-r-t inGr 
ICu£«cIl rttroet, IJloomi^burr, on a site no» 
oi'v-ii]>iifl by th« nritiidi MiiM.'um. His Gr 
importani: coniuu.'«ion wua tJte laying out i 
III.' iwtat" of Sir Georjpi 0«r\is st fiounv>«1 
moiitli. The ol(li<itt j)»n of the profwrnt towa 
on the vA»t clilT, incluilin^ tbe Baili Ilot«L 
opmcd in IS38, and adjiu-ont viUn-'i. wn^ i!^- 
signed by and weclcd imdrr the fi 
denoe of Ferrey. Another of L 
client* wa«tbuK«v.']1ionia»TbuTluw,uupb>i 
of Lord-chanoidlor Thurlow, to «hi»*! mIi 
Tudor mannon uf ]ta)-nanl's Park in Somj 
hn maili' r-xtetiiiiv** fttlditiimit. In ll^Stt 
married his fint wife, lh« daugbtiir of Mr 
Lucas of ■Slapletc'n ITslt.llomKfv. In lr<^l)4 
cuTinl out a iMrtion r>f rho t 
Dorchester, and tu 1 >^ I he w:i 
diocaian archittwl of Rath ami t't •u- ^ yr-t. 
whi«^ btt held till hi» death. In IMJ hv 
superintended th* rMloration of the uav« 
tniiutiipt«, and l^dy Chi>[t>j] uf W'elLi Cathe 
drai, and about tltnt ticu^ oblMnHd tlirou 
influenlial friends consid-nible prof<>asinn 
employment iii (hit county of lX>r^(. Hi 
work at the binhnp's ]»Iur and rhajwl at 
AVells is much admired. In IBJ;' ii.' iL-iLm 't 
thfl pwtlr church of St. Jam 
euuwssTiu adaptalioD of the ;.' 
of tbe Xorman sty1«. In IM.'i Iih ileri 
for ih« BsroDen (then Mim) Riir<hiii i 
the church of St. Htephen, Hoche«i«r 
Westminster, and tlic hamlfome nchf 
vicangv al*o erwttsl by her alKUH that 
time in whatwasthenajMorueti'hltoi 
During the next twenty yoar - 
the twMl mnptoyed and lixal I 
of hie day. lli& professioual sluil .-n 
lion i^invid bini nintiv c-Iicnta whom )u> u Jn^ 
ningm&nncra nnd tbeernnnesaof hi' 
ennbli>*l him to retain as frii?ii<U. II 
probably lay mo«t UrEelv \n rVi-t- 
an!hitectu^<^, mainlv tlothic. He was i, 
the consultinc architects of the [ncorpd 
Chureb Iluilding Sx'tt-^y. A vt-n- full 1 
bis wotkK will Wfituii'l in the' Ituildttr,'^ 
below. Durini.' I he lilt t vr yeani of his iH 
hewiisuiuuK'iiitnlwilli hi* Kin, I'Mwanl I 
rain Ffifrey, who siipcwde*! him in bu 
His last work was the Diiln- -tf (V»nnnt 
man'^ional llsf^hiil pArk.Coint: 
lu the same year he had at'- 



Ferriar 



389 



Ferriar 



poniljiiiv. nn<l clii'd ut TtiTi^mttM TvrraWf Imo- 

5on. '2'2 Ao(j. 1880. K'-rrwy wa» otif of llie 

oriBinaim.inbereofthoArrmtwturalSoclety, 

^^and took an intvnvti:*! purl in Lko fiimiHtii^n 

^KciftheRnTalAn^hiiivliirftl Mii.<M^iim. In I8.')f) 

^BliL> lieruiDti a f<'l!(iw iif the Koynl Inuitutv of 

^BTlnliith An?.hitt-4'trt, of ivhtch hi^ was twice 

^^ Ttc^preeidoat, ouJ at Iiiit ilt>&cli one of the 

^Bcilde*t memWn. lie Mint ri but ed niMiy ])•- 

B'pon Ut its iirrtciv<linji«. nnd in Mi'O vrnA rti- 

V couniMidea lui thHreci{iierii of the rayslgoM 

K mc^iL Ho ndod iu> iwcivtAnr to tlic com- 

niltee of arahilveto in tlio cvmMtiliou for 

the liou9c« of pailiftment. and bimMlf oon- 

iributnl B (]ri>i]ia. In Irt&3 ha wat; uJccU-d 

a fellow ofttiiH yoci^ly nf Aiilirm«riiii. His 

^^OuIt ItUTury wxlutrlioD ia liin ' K^oHt^ctioiis ' 

^P<»f A. N. Wflbv Piijiin *^"'' 'i'» f»tlier, Aii;rii»- ' 

tusPuein/airorkwhicli ni(HiiWTiD<luC''(l him ^ 

to dflfiT publish inj^ until IStSl. It Rivea a 

faitliful mill inti.'r«>Klinfr Acntuiit nf tJio livrvt 

of tbp Piifiittii, father mill aoq. find prei^iit^ 

^O^TAluAblL' hii>tory of iho 'Gothic rvvival in 

|lisb architect un.' Komn' tsiu (uirticu- | 

It Mvera in his denundatiim of tbe in- I 

F«niuiQ;Iy pniTftlont iinioii of the work uf ihc ' 

, eotttraclorwitlitbf^pmri^onufnrcUitM-t. ia 

' tlio ' Builder ' is publijilii'd an interE»t!tif; Ut- 

Iter fniin hiin,(Ii-)>rr4iilin(( in j>ttby t»raiH thv 

[eriU of the ftyswm. His favourite r<>laxatiaii 

fvaK nni»ic- Whiln in tlii> full tide of pro- 

i fMsionnl rmplnym^tit hf invont<^ ati>I pa- 

[4«nt«d nn efF^frtiveaiid cheap mode of etams- 

ig [ilut«r, which wait used in m-vofaI of ine 

iutgIhh erected by him. In private lift: hi« 

'-good tamper and ffr^ninl humour wer« coii- 

lapieiioiu. 'Willi youn^ an.'liiti,-cta ho wa« 

lalwayfl popular, llv wa,H »ur?ived by a Mcond 

^wif(^, wDom h« marri^^d in 187^. Ity hia flnt 

wife hi; tuui I tro dau)jhl«n and a aoo. Thoy 

also HiirvivM bini. 

[Builder. 4 Sni^t.. IdSO. xxxii. 381 ; Rmm1Im> 
tiwiaaf A. N. Wrlhr ['iif(Tn, &<-., with Notirmaf 
^^llieir Worlta, hy UDDJamiti F«rrp;. Ardnlcc;, 
^VT.R.I.B A.. I/iadoB. IsDI : Aniiaaicic* of ihn 
^m Priory Church uf Cliriatcbnrcli, Hniil*. &<-., by 
B. Ferny, the litamry part by E. W. Braylcy, 
I Londoi>. 1884.] O. W. B. 

K FERRIAR, JOHN (ItiJl'IHlR). phy«i. 
^VCUb. md of th« Ib'V, Alexander Ferriar or 

Ferrier, and bid wifv Man Ilurn, was b>'>ni 
I At Oxnnm, noar Jndbitr;i;n, KoxburKhshiro, 
Koti '2\ Nov. 17t)l. After hin fathvr'n di-Ath 
^f inl7tU li(< wulnkea tutli<> m-igbUiurhooil of 
^ Aliiwick,whi'n.'hi>>molhcrn)arr>i>dherbernnd 

liuitlMnJ, ThrsmAx IbbTton. I'Viriar ^tiidivd 
^^Bwdtcinf ni Kiliiiliurjcb, and took htH M.D. 



ticgnv in 1»>I1. thv soljjw:! ofbis t(tBduatioD 
tboAin bcirp ' Dn VorirtlA.' On hi* mnrriAf^ 



H«rbnni nKirnl ,\hiwick in 1"(J'J, be en^ 
l«nxl ou thu practice of his prof^'Mion at 



Stocktna-on-Tees, but about t'Sfi ivniDv<.-d 
to Maucbditer, wbi-r^ bt> was aivin brought 
into contact with thi\ fiiundL>r!< of rhi^ LiIk- 
mry and PliI!i>*opbi*TiI S"civtv <if that town. 
The first paper hfi wrol,> for tno Sijcieiy waa 
' Of Popiilnr liliistonK, und more partioilnrly 
ofModf-m Dfinnnnlogy,' Thin wa.-i n-ad in 
I7i|itt, and was foUowixl bv cld ' Eseay oa 
thv Hramatic Works of Sfossiuger/ whicli 
brought him into wide r<>ptitt^, and wa8afi«i^ 
waroj reprinted by Gilford in hi* edition of 
' M;M«in(f*'r'» "Works' (1806). In 17B7 ho 
wrot« for the aociety '01>9i.Tvatioiis oa the 
Vital Principle,' and 8ub«quctitlT contii- 
buli'd au ' Ac<.-oual of ui AnciLnt MoQumuflt 
inHuXno.\bb«y,Northiimberliuid,'iUiu<trBt«d 
by him^df ; ' An Artiuiiii'Ot againet th« Doc- 
trini'of Miit.i'.riuliiiin;''(>>minvnl«ODSt«nM;' 
null ' Cotnectuies on tbo I'ae of the Ancient 
Terraiwad WorfoatOrtonScArr.' Sotoeiiointa 
in hi.4 J*B]^>^ °'i ' Ma terialiiuu ' were amailed by 
Jlr. \VdliumTAtt«r«allof I,irer])ool, lowborn 
KwriAr rfjoincd in a biinri-rinR toni\ Tn 1786 
be wrote ' The Pupwl Shew : a Didaclio 
Poem,' and publii>li«a 'The Prince of An- 
gola, a Tra^cdv altered from th« play of 
Oroonoko (by T. Southern), and adapted to 
lh« circtinidtBuoiM of ihv Pn.'m.'nt Times' 
(.Manchvittfr, Hvo). 

On ft Oct, 17ft9 he was appoinl«d to the 
post of a phyaician of lb" Manchwitor Infir- 
mary. An epidemic fever in the town waa 
tbe meant of dmwinj; public notice to the 
wretchwl condition nf Ihn dwellings of Iho 
working classes, and led Ferriar to lake on 
active and importAnt part in cauninf; the local 
Authorities to pnymore acienlion to Hoilaiy 
laws. He urgwl pspecinlly the e^tublinhuient 
of hath^ th<> shortonin^ of th« protracted 
hour* of labour of the factory duidren, and 
the cloaing; or cleansing of inaanitar; dweU 
UoKt. He WAS n principal workvrio coonoo- 
tion with th.' Afanrbnider board of health, 
and with the establi&bment of ferer-warda 
At BtoiikiiorL 

Tbe liratTolumnnf hiii ' .Medical Historiea 
and IteHectionn' wax pubtiahed in 1792, tba 
wcond in \7iHi, and the third tn 17W4. They 
contained in a clear and simple styhi vAluabii} 
discouionn of aanitar^ mnlUTS and of casM 
and obaen'ationa derived from hid hospital 
practioe. A second edition, with ulditions 
and omiMions, camo out in four volumeit in 
lSlO-i3; and an .\merifan reprint was pub- 
lisbed at PhiUdelphiain li*16. IntheM<n>nd 
adition ia '.An Ijw.-iy uu thi* M^li<-al Pn>- 
neTtJM of the Foifclnve,' which wim Ant 
■sailed aiipaniely in 1709, H<ti<>lH>tii)viHl to 
hare aided WilfiAm Simmons in nn acrimo* 
nioiis mvticAl cnntroversv with Dr. Hull in 
1;UU-U, and to have bel]«d Sa O.Phdipe ill 




Ferrier 



39« 



Ferrier 



Ferriar's best-known work ii his ' niiu- 
trntionf of RtiTni;; with otlinr Kntayii and 
VtriMi*,' prill led at Mniicliestt-rin ITIW. TLe 
Rcniid i'diiion CWarnnj^on, 1812, 2 voWl i 
ooatsinf ittmr! nddil iunnl i>ii«i!«, liut 'Miv of i 
tlinsfigiv*-!! in the r-arlier rnllwtion and ealhA ' 
' KiiRslf^r, an Elo^.' is omitl^ Sl«nip'«ub- 
]if(ntiimK In ilic ftlii VroncU nov^ltNla nnii In ! 
Biirton't ' AnaionjT of Mt'lani-Oioly ' amflkil- 
fullr tmci^d in thi* rrilicism, but Ft^rruir'n ' 
Inlcntion wan mlber to illuetrnte Iim author 
than to conrirl him of ]]lae'i'<>'ioni. One of ' 
lh« piccM in tho wcond nliiion U «n (■nter- ' 
loiiiiRg popm entitled "The ttiblioniania, an . 
EptBtJe to Richard Hoher, E»q.,' nrif^naUy | 
puMiehcd in n sltorter v^'nton at V^' arrineton ' 
in IHOO (4lo, 14 pi>.) It vraa reprinted in | 
thB ' Palatine Notu-book.' vol. ii. 1882. Ilia 
la«t work waK ' An Kuuy townrd* a Theory 
of ApparitionH,' 1^1!1, cootaiutn^ ingetiioita 
TKV9 on m<;t]tn1 haltiicinatiott<>. ' 

Uo died at ManchMtcr on 4 Feh. ISlfi, 
■cod 63, and was buried at St. Clary's Charch. 
Hifl portrait, ei^TttVorl bv ri. RartoloKxi. after 
a drawing by T. StoihnrO, was piiblt«hed 
ahortly aller his doalh. Two of his sons 
diHtinpu^hed thfm8>-lvvj by ihi-ir bravcn- n* 
[Denib"Ti« of Ih«i Ilrilish Legion in Wneiu*-!*, 

[]UKiDi]ir by J. E. Bailfj in PaUtiue Nolc- 
hook. it. 65. 100; i>»oaL» ibid. L 178. ii. 44. 6'>, 
127, 129. l»2. t26. IT. 174: K. Awna StnitX'a 
nnitflnnryofSciitni^oiDMaMbMlor, ISSS^Bdin)'. 
Mod. and Sots', JoiirMl. IS14, «». 2C8; Index 
Cat, of libr. of fiiirpoon-0«»ra1's Offiro. U.S. 
Annv. ir. G&t> : Hvaua'i Cat. of t^ngr. Furtrwiu. 
ii. 141.1 ('- w. a 

FBRBIBB, JAMES FREDEUIOK 

nft08-]8641, rafiaphyttioan. lK)rn in F.din- 
burph 10 Jun* ISw, was the wn of John 
F»Tri<*r, writer to the nipnt-t. Itis mother 
wa* chw sisfr of John Wilson (• i.'liriMoiilcT , 
Nor) h '). and his father's sister was Su«an Ed- 
moDBtoDfi I-Hrtiur \i{. v.] Jamra Frederick 
Ft'rriftr wa« ednealM l*y tlw Rev. H. I>un- ' 
can, lit the mnnM) of Knthn-t?]!. Diimfrics- 
(■hire ; nnd nftprw-ard* nt the E<iinbiir(th High 
School, and under I>r. ('hnrl«« Pnrr Buniev, ' 
SOD of l>r. f 'haries IJuniey ( 1757- 1 J*17 1 [q. \\], \ 
a1. fireenwich. Ho was at the iinivernitv of 
^Edinburgh iutlio»c**ion8 l«i5-0and im'i-T, 
id then became a feIIow<oinninni*riif Mag- 
leu Collftj^, Oxford, vhere he protUiatcd 
B.A. in 18.11. Hi' formiil in the tamn vt^nr 
the acq^oaintance of 8ir William nomifton, 
wboKK influence upon him was very gr'-at, 
and for whose jxTiuinat eharnetcr and nr^vicf B 
to apwulation he exprewes tlie highest reve- 
rence. For vcara togttbur ho was atmon 
daily in Uanulton's company for boara (i2e- 



AD * Reform in Porliamoni ' 



maiiu, i. 1^>. In lASr* he became an adrn 
cate. hut apparently never practised. Oia 
mctnpbvKieAl taatni. stimulated by HomiU 
tot.' ■ ' ' ' ('^Bpendaor 

at ! 1. order to - 

man ptiiii""i'rij, iir wm on Vl'ty iii'iiiirin 
(ennn with his aunt, Mi» Ferrier, and Kit 
uncle, John AVilMn,and in ]f^i7 marna 
fxiuatn, Margnrtt Aoik', dde4i daiight 
John Wilaon. He Ixicame a eontribilt 
' Blackwood's Maj^iac* lin then; wr^it 
a rfinarkahlo article upon C'd'Ttil::, *< tit;!' 
giariama in IBIO. Ilia fint m-' 
publication was a s^riea of pmi-r-. 
in his * Remains* called ' An 1 
the Philofiophy of Consci'Tiis r , 
wood'a Mapaame'frtr 1."^'' ;■ .i ii<i:>. 

In 1842 he waaappomi'l j-i'i'-»orof ci»i| 
hiatorv in the university of Edtuhur^^h : am] 
to 1^4-S hi: leelured as ^ir W. Hamilluu'fl 
•ubatilute. In 184fi he woa elected pr 
of nwr&l philoeopln- and political ec 
at 8t- Andrews. Tie waa a eandidatft I 
nmfesanrafaip of nonl philoaophy, rasigiiciAj 
by Wilson in 1652, and for Uui prof 
ship of Ic^e and melaphynic^ racaE 
llamillon'a death in 1856 ; hut be 
sneee-ieful on both oc«««ioii8, aad eonttmiF 
at Si. Andrewfi nntil hi- ^I" ■•'. I'l- :■'.;.■ 
WOrk.tlie'Inslitutcflof '1 
lisbrd in 1^.»4. Tho ih^ 
)ind Wen already ejtpouuiled lu bta daaa. 1| 
reaehiMl a aecond edition 'n 1*"". In i^l 
game ymir hi.* mplipd t" 
roiLs nampltlet called ' ,- 
the Old and New,' whieh, »til. (.••/I'lfcii* *•!" 
Mon>i, is piihlinhed oa an ' Appendix to t 
Inatitiit£fi * in hia ' Ih^moin^. He though 
that the miannderrtundint^ of hi^ prt-vioi 
exposition hnd told againRi hi,^ rnndi< 
for the c)iairof metaphyBics. Ferrierd 
himsi-lf to hi* profeeMnal dutiM nt 8r 
drowa ; wrotfl and carefully rewrot"* hi? ! 
tares, and excited the devoted syinp«hy 
bis pupils. Il'j livinl chii;fly in his stod; 
and could aehliMU hn nenuoded to leare 
Andrews even for a brief I'xcuniun. A' 
attack of angina ^)«<-li)ri* in Noveinlier IW 
weakenwl him piinnaneutly, lliouph he COO 
tinned to Inbonr, nnd pivn It.i-tiirf!* in h" 
oWiTi hoiiM. Tl'^ni'wod nttackp followed ii 
ISea, and he died nt St. Andrews !1 ,Iun 
1864. lie had five oHildr.n ; Jan 
(Mm. Kltoudes), Su*«n (widow ol 
auder QranlTi]. v.]), Kliaabeth Auuu, J 

I nnd JantHS Walter (decea^-d ). 
FcrnT ia di^crilx-d bv hi" ' 
leagunn tu* a man of xiniiiitar ; 
A manner of much difrnity viii com 
with fine literary taste, wide cutta^ 

1 tlwroogli g«ntlanee« nod kindtussaoT 



I 



Ho WAA k man of linely aurniw itenm^ ud 
roulil be corobBtive in dtifonce or tiU opinioiM, 
but of u toloront uiil chivftlrons nature. Hia 
•tvle i» adminblv clear and direct, lie wm 
n live II iiietA|>[ivBictiui, unil comparatively in- 
difi'-.TUDt to L'tL'ical and oilier applicaliona of 
hill itoctniKj. Hia wbot« aim wa^ to «ftta- 
blisli hu theory of knowiii|r and buing. Ho 
Bays tbal hia ' pUUowphy la SoolltBh to the 
raj con' He wait well acquainted with 
Spinoza. Knnt.nnd tbe latiirGfintunphiloH^- 
pfiv, >n<I ^nvillv utmirrd Ilcgfl ; liut Ix'dif- 
tcTfA nidirallv from thf apj>licati'ins niadu by 
liipfrienrl.Sir^Villinnillaiiiilton, Ilewa* pro- 
foundly influ'-noi'd by Berktli-T, and liifltht-orr 
a»pm» tn la? a derelopment of Flt?rk<>)py in 
the light of later dtflcoMiontu In a Icttrrto 
1>> tjiitncvy {Jttmahf,!, •lBl--'>) he «iimK np 
Uis It^ivL'Iuii^ by Eayin^ tlial tho ' onlv know- 
abk'* is ubjvct plus ttubjvet ; that ' ItiQ mind 
l)T il> vttry law and nature muAt know the 
Inin^ . . . along n-ithif«e^ knowing ilj' thai 
our itprnmncr nf 'maitur/MT /r' doc* not n> 
presAnt a limitation, bnt a perfection of our 
eocrmtiTe fooultit^ii ; and that (he only know- 
nlJo is oithfr I bat whioh we know or ' o^j^rt 
plus §ubi«ct,' or that which wc are ignorvjit 

' of, wbicfi mnat again bt- 'object plussubJMt/ 
Thoiiju^h he ha» had few loliowon*, be oer- 
Iniiily allowed remarkable vigour and ind^ 
jwndcncv of thuuglit. 

Ilia ' LocLurwa ou Uret^ Philoaouliy and 

' othi7philoM>phicalRe[iuiiu,'tnSToia,,w«i« 
"'(•d in ii^>(:!bTbt««on-in-law, Sir Alexan> 
fOraiit, and lYifiaaor liii^ihinifton. Tlic 
and voliiin<? enntaum pliiloeophical papers 

[from • niiirkwtXHl'M Ma^cine.' lliApliiloMt- 
phirnl works, in 3 vols., including I he abovn, 
Wi'ff piihtiihpi) in ly?!). Fi-rrior criiitriliotr^d 
•otne livva to the 'Inip<>rial Dictionary of 

lltit-tfraphy.' aom« of which are uaed in tlie 
_KeinnioA, 

Uv yiTtRxoA (a LrctarM, &«.. uu abnru. A 
I dMOriptioo ljy Mr. Skellou ia in Kru*er'i 
imffmw for Joly 1KS4.] h. B. 

PERRIER, SrBAX KDMONSTtlXR 

(I'^-'I'^Vl), novfilist, bora at t^nburgh 
7 8«pt, ITftS, wM tlici youngait of Irn chii- 
dna (nx mvw and four daughters) of Jamc4 
I'Vrrtpr, writnr In ibe tiijrnof, by bin wife, 
Ilf-Uii iCouti;*), Hnnpht'-rr.f farmer in Kin- 
ranluiMbin>. Jnmc«r'(?rrit>r(/i. IT^Jluianafivd 
variuii* L*rMit ntiaics, itipfciallv IbiiftR of Ihn 
Ari'\'ll niniiii ir.' lipi-'iii'.- r. I ricnd of Jofati, 

boaa tnfiiivnai 
, , : , I'rbofBeaHian. 

iiu wan ono ot Itia viiteaguee in thti office. 
d h» knrw all lht> leading of tlut literary 
:irly nf Hdinbnrgh. His danghtir cane 
know the lamo circb- a» ehv grtw up, and 




frnqncnt riaitfi with h^r faiher to Invemry 
Caatle enabled her to sco sometliiug of tho 
fadbi'inable world. Hhc was a giy>d Frvoeh 
scholar, and her lavouriiAt Krvncli author 
WM Iji Bruy&rc. She undertook a novel, 
uhimatcly called ' Marriage,' ia co-operation 
with ber friend Miu Clav^ring, a ni«c« of 
tho I>ultu of Argyll, whom abe bail met at 
Inverary. .Mil* l^laveriuir ooly roninbated 
a few pagra (the' Ili-ttorvnf Mr*. Ilou^hm ') to 
the atorr, which was wTiltvne^flarlyna 1810, 
and read with adniimtion bv many friend*. 
Mi*a Fetrier waa not pemnade<I lo ptibliah 
it until 1S18, nor woulii b1i<> ibeu give her 
name-. Rinckwood paid her )oO/L for it. The 
II p p me in t ion of ber private audivuc? w»« no 
doubt quickened by tho portraitd of known 

St^nona, Lady MaoLaughlun nipreeeala ia 
FMM Ura. Seymour Itamer [<]. r.l, and in 
mniinero Ladv l''i-ed<?rick Campbefl, widow 
of the l^rdl-errers wbowajt luingmliii ITtJO, 
Hn, Martlakv was a Mrs. I>Bri<bon, aiatiir 
of tbfl notoriniiH I>ord Draxfield. The three 
fipinater aunts were the Miwmi Edmonstone, 
aud Mr*. Fox wan .Mary, lady Clerk, a well- 
known Edinburgh chAracf^r. The noi~cl mic- 
C'.-^-ii'.'d, aud waa translated into l''i«neh. 
MiM Kerrier"* n^it story, ■ Tlie Inheritance,* 
appeared in 1824, Ulackwiiod, encouragM 
no doubt by t he kucccm of ' )Iarriag«,' gave 
biir I/XKU. ' Undo Adam * in this novel re- 
present)! ber fathiT. llie origiiuiLi of chiirao 
loss arc doubtful. The laat noTel, ' I»«.tiny/ 
appeared in IS^II. It wawdpdioatvd to ^coti, 
who reeomniBndM ir to Codell, tod in ctm- 
■r>(]urace nf h'la judicious bargainitig Hiu 
Ferrier recaiTed 1,700^ 

Miiw Ferrier'a mother died in 1707. Her 
tbrwi- ointiT* ninrried, and sb« kept houw for 
her father, who dieil in January lK£it. She 
led a oniet life between Morningstdo House 
and Edinburgh, with occiuional viAilK to her 
mtera. SbeinaitH S^ott at Ashii^liel in 1811 
and AtAbbotoford in 18l>9 and lK:tl. Ixick- 
barl deecribui ibe delicary with wbirh she 
helped himiiTerthi^ gap ill tnlk caiiMtlby his 
failitig memory, without apparent conseioUA- 
ni-H^of Ih^eauw. A d^implioii by iieraelf of 
the!M> vi&i(8Hi>p(-aredin the 'Temple Bar Maga- 
tiiii-'fiir F»'l>niarT 1874, and is repuUitbed 
inber' Works '(18^1,1. »t-61). nroufrhain 
is raid to have been RT)'old»oboolft9llow,'aud 
rec<>ivr4l ber courtnotuly when be DuuU a 
(our in Scotland ajt lurJ clianreUor in IflM, 
Aotong otht!r aifiiiin-r< weri' Joanna Baillie, 
Svdaey Smith, Macaulay, and Hir Janin 
Mackintosh. I>-yden n>tiirc«(H-'l verw-f lo her 
in her t^orly life, and Curran, known to her 
at the aanM> period, civilly ajiolugiscd for the 
bnekwordnMa of hia mu*- on a similar occo- 
aioii. She naiarks that ' none bat a pen of 



Ferris 



39» 



Festing 



fire ooald tell his rf'urran'*] clianwit>r, .ir 
reecnd ttw diumB oT his coBVMMiion. . . . 
Ill certunl; live sevon je*» longw for bnr- 
in(( Been him.' Seott oonplmented ber in 
tlip iKitin appended to toe 'Tales of my 
Lutdlord,' ana WiIsod tit tho ' Noetee.* In 
bis disrj Smtt eall* li«r * uinple, full of Itu- 
tnonr, and iHrcvedinf^Traftd^it cvputM.uiiI 
ftll Ibb witLoui tht) iMiid uflW'talion ><f th« 
foIu««8tockin);.' ^hi: had been iuIiniaK^ from 
early lift- with Lady Cliarloliv Bury [n. T.j, 
dnti^bU'r nt tli<^ Dukii nf Ar^'ll, wbo con- 
sulted IhT ill \Rrintu> litcTary niattera. She 
made a final viAit to IjOtidon in 1880, when 
the consulted an oculift, wiUinut much ad- 
VUUgV- Uer eyeoisbt failed, and she bad 
to paa> moat of bor tune io a darkpn(.-d room, 
receiving u few frieoda at lea in the eTeoinfr, 
but leading a vviy retired Ufc. She sold the 
oapjtighl of her novela to Beiillev, who 
brought omI an edilinn, corrected by b^nelf, 
in 18-11. He preeaed her to write uiiuthLT 
•tory so lalfl aa I60O. 8I1P dt-clinnil, nnd al- 
-wayi shrsnlc frnm the puhlirity of arknow- 
Icdoed authcr^ihip. She allowed hi.>r oame 
to be prefixed to an t-dition in IK'iO. The 
Ust L-djlion WW) publiflbed in 18^1. She 
died at Kdinburfrh o Nov. 18<>1, at the bouse 
of her brother, Mr. WaUi.-J' Ft^rrier, and wna 
burittl in Si. t'utbbi-rt'B cliurcliyard. Her 
nodANiybadoiadf'hiTtni'iKt upon thu duet mo- 
tion of a cvrTVwpiinilein'f witli a ninlcr which 
contains) mtirii bio^n^phical matter, and 
few records tif bw qwiet lifi' ham bwn pnw 
served. A miniatum of Misa Fe.rrier was 
painted by Mr. Thorbum, who when a lad 
of seventeen stndii^d an in Kdinhurgh, and 
beotmo known Io her. She bad a very hif^h 
opinion of bis talents and helped him in 
bis oareer. A marble host was taken aAer 
dvalh. Mi«s Ke«Tier> noveU show keen powers 
af obeervation, and are brifchtly and clearly 
wriiteii. They ara ctuvfly aaiirical aketehea 
of cliarartt^r in ttic upper elassea of Scottish 
•ocieiy. They belong to the eiame school us 
Misa KdifeworthV ■tnriw, and am marhnl by 
theMmr'rntltcriiliS'didacticiam. Thefavour^ 
abK- i^L'ejition of l:h<i last edition nbows that 
in spile of their old-fiwhionod cbaimeter Ihqr 
•till huvo attraction due 10 genuine wit and 
■viTacity. 

^nibrtnation from Jolm Ferrier. rsq.; Ijf* 
(by ibcaaiQc) prefixed to thecdit ion of 1881. and 
proviouiilT in Timiple Bar for Nov*mI>ar 1B78>] 

FEBRia [See also FsuBBa.] 

KKRIUS, RICHARD (^ 1590), adren- 
tun-r, \« ae one of iht' Hve ordioary incaaengen 
ailaciiwl to Quevn KlicsMh's bouseliold. A 
cubpiKUi w»8 mnoi for him to prs eridcnce 



in a suit in the court of the Arcbln'.linp nf 
Cam«burv on 7 Not. 1580 f jirrArfvf^/ij, 
17'^, p. :^>. In July imi\ )i<- M»f Atilll 
tilling the ofice of royal intne-nir.T t I'nTliXiI 
Ittue* tif the Jiirhrtpur, Jac, I, p. 44 f. Al-| 
ihougb ' npvt'T Irayafd upon iho water,* he) 
reaoh-od in ir>[lO to amimpUsh ibe dariogl 
feat of rowing in an open b>iAt from l^wdua 
to Bristol, lie vmliarkfd in n ' ni-w tiiill'i 
wbwTv un MidMimm-Tiiay nl Towir Wlnr^.J 
with two IrieiidB.Audivw' Ifi" • ' '■'' llijim' 
Thomas. At Gnwcwicb lli> . -ind 

vrerf entf^rfainnl at court. Ai: ■ ....... :iii!ir 

journey bef^n in tamest, and altlinuf;h th^r 
usually ancboml in safo luirlmirs at night, 
and wiTe well received bv the townspvonlH 
of the soul heni seaports, I her ran some rluUi , 
and did not readi Bristol till 3 AuR. 
mayor and aldermen gave them a 
phal welcome. Tbey letumcd to Loodao^ 
on 8 Aug., and wh^Tever tb<!y «h<iwmi them" ' 
selves were enthuaiasticallT receiTed. The 
exploit excil«d the adminttion of all c leasts 
fmm the court, downwards. On 7 Aif^ 
IIJW)— only four days after the vx>ya^ 
finished — 'a ballad of Richuol Fferrrs ( 
iaife Io IJristowe' was Micenwd to fedi 
White on lU Aojir.' Another ballad of *\\ 
iovfidl ml^-rtaiuoment of the whi-rry and i, 
wlmrryinen, \\i., lUehani Ffcirys, Andrewi 
TliUee, and William Thuma« bv thi- maiour, 
aldonnttD, and citinms of HruloU, 4t>j A(i> 
zuMi, 1600/ waa lioensed to Henry Oarrr 
(AauER, Jtffrintfrf, ii. 057-?). In tU. 
year John Wolfe printed for fMward Whiti 
' The most dangerous and raemonible Adv« 
ture of Itichanl Ferris.' On the title-j 
npprar the words, ' Published for the salt 
luebardFerri»,'andade<licationtoSirTboii 
Ilcneage, the quwn's treasurer, follow*. AJ 
the cIoHe of the tract is ' a ttew sonnet ' cel« 
bratio^ Fcrris's airival at Bristol, hjr Jameij 
HaruL-ut. A copy of thin rare work i« in it 
lt»dli-iaii Library. Nmte is in the Itritif 
Mugeuni. It woa n^printed in J. 1*. ColUerll 
' tltuKtrations of Marly KnKli.th Litt-ruturoJ 
vol.ii. No. IV {1864), and iu PrnfusBori 
' Enfflisb Gamer,' vol, vi. Warton 
that FemcTS woa the autbor'a correel: ni 

(J. r. Colliai't reprint ae alwTa; Wartoa's 
Uist of EngUsh Poetry.] 8. L. L. 

FESTINO, 81K FRANCIS WOKOi 
(1833-1886), majnr-Ken-nil, second son 
Captain Bwyainin Morton Featinp, P.,N.i 
K.H., by C^roliue Jane, onlv d' 
F. It. Wriffbt of Hluton Blew.>«. 
abiru, wui bom at Hitth Littleton,: 
shire, ^4 Julv ISU.'}. He waa GduGat«d I 
Roral Naval College, New Crrm, at th^ 
of sixtygn f uteredtbe royal marinea a« a f ' 



Festing 



393 



Festing 



I 



and was gaieitvil 8):<xind littutimaiit 3 Julr 
1K.V>. Tn ISTil ii^ w>rv»d willi llw Ilnltu: 
frxpi'dition, obtaining a medal. He roui- 
mamlMl ■ murtur in thr flotiltii vmployrHl 
k^inst St'bastnpol from Jtm^ l^'ut nniil t)ie 
Ml Iff ibat fortiVH, and -km bImi at Ibv bom- 
bardmunl and »urri>iidcr of Kinbiirn. Kor 
tbese ivr\uxa bt; rect^ivad a medal wilb clusp, 
waa ouule a kuisbl of t)i» L«pon of lltmoiir. 
ftnd tutd thrTtirifiidi tni'diit Wnnw^d rm him. 
Jlia next war services wviv wilb lb** China 
Ncpedition 1857-9 lis ndjatant of thconillcry, 
WDVD lie ai!9l«tvd ill the blwkudv of 1 he Clinton 
rivtT and lu Ibn bombArdmc^nt and stonuinff 
of thv city, and wiui rowardvd wilb u incdul 
and cliup itiid bii* brcrol nf major. Ho jH^rvi^d 
tbrouffbout the jVsbanteu war during 1873-4, 
and wb«i tbp Aalmnt't' nrmy iiiidur Antiin- 
quacia threatened I'tife Coai^L Castle, lie w&i* 
aeWted to c-'iDiuarul tbe dtftacbment of ma- 
rinee drtit io th<- Gold Coast in May Ift7S 
toasflialinrepollinK thcAHbunlCfaniiv.wliich 
woa tJitMi <^eampod at Mampom, itetwecn 
AhnfcanipA and the rivvr Prah, and wilhin I 
nin#> mile* of Cape Coant Ca*ile. The chief]« 
of Kbina W(TI< nakt-d to lay dourn thdr arms, ' 
and oil tit«ir rMfiiHal tlinir lown wnn attacki^l 
an 13 June. Festing eoromandi^l tlif (i>TCi-& 
in l.h« tWQ Hntrng>>iii«nt« fuusht. oo that day, 
vhen the nativea were dAti^att'd and ibtiir i 
town burnt. On the amrnl of Sir Garnet | 
WolrwIpT, Fwting wn* pbioid in command 
at Cape Coast, and cbarf^ed with the noa- 
eun« for ihc d<'f<.'ncv uf llic i>lac>-. He woa 
lolten on Sir Oarn'^t'it li^t <>l ■'[■•/rltd aervira 
ifGcsra aa '20ik:X., and took the comuionil 
if tbe native camp al Uimquah and of 
odranced poxTii. II«t rommiindod Out 
at the engng^^menta m^ar Ihinquak on 
S7 OcL.wbi'u he wat slighlly woundud, and 
»n 3 Niiv., whr^ii hi; waji MMfiTrtlv wiiimdMl 
wbilf tryinr to rescue Lieat^nnnt Eurdley 
AVilmnl of Um royal artiU*ry, wlio IihiI fullon 
nortall^v wounded (Oraphif, '2 May 1^7 (, i>. 
430, with woodcut). lie waa atV^rwardA 
tttaeed in chor^ of the oamp at Prahxu. Hu 
lield a dormant comniiwton to administer the 
gownimt^ikt of tht' Gold Cooat while com- 
naDdinK tlw nruUr iroopv, and waa of (ho 
«iecutjve eoaneu. H^wa^ Appcially allowed 
to main ib>< rank of oolonvl (bnjvet-f-ulonvt, 
7 Jon. 1874) in th« army for hin diatinf^iitilind 
Hnriow in iho field at the ranrliuinn of tho 
war.ondwaanominatiTdC.B. .11 March 1^7-1, 
and K.C.M.G. ^l May 187 1, and T«oeiv«d th» 
tbankfiif Uitli hou>i-s of parliament 90 Haivli ! 
1S74 ilia>u<ir<i. IhT-l. oexiriii. 388, 412). 
Featinj; was appi.intr^ aniatant adjutant- . 
tiaral at tbo royal marin4>a in August 1870, 
'a an aide-dt»-cnmp to tlw 4)un!n 7 July 
Of and ifnxetlei) colonvl conitnandanl of 




lbs royal mariiiB artilluy 3 Sept. 16SR. He 

died at Ddorunpton I>odgn,N«WDar7,31 Not. 
ISt^ti, and wa.<t burif^ wiiti mititary honours 
at. Kdstnoy cometerj-, Portamoiitb, liti Nov. 
lli'liadlH:i''n marriM rbrei-tinitw,lirAt,iD IS02, 
to Murji^ret Elizabeth, daughter of A. Hall 
of Waicrftote, StUAL-x; »Uc died at Ilayliug 
Island 3 June 1S64; secondly, in \'^m, to 
Cliarlotte Letitia, daiicblor of K. J. Todd; 
*\w dii-d in 1871 : thirdly, in i87K, to S«liaa 
ICmily Miiry.onlydaughtvrofLeyCL-Mor Wil- 
liam Curboiiell. 

[Tira«s. 22 Nor. 189(1, p. «. awl 27 Not. p. 6; 
Ann. \U^. t87.1, p. t03. &c. i llltuilr I/jiwIoD 
Ntn^. UQ April lil74, p. 384. vith pirtrait, and 
11. 38«; Grapliic, 2 -May 1871. pp.413, 416; 
Mart'aAnny Li<it.O.-lol-T lR(ti^. pp. 397,401 «; 
UauHcuV Axliaatcv Wur (1^74), p. 3, &i}. ; 
ItroolMobary'o AshuDtoc War (.1674). i. 72-100.1 

0. C. U. 

FESTINa, MICHAEL CnRISTIAX 
(•/. I7i(:.'), violinist andciMDiKieer, wa« at drst 
D pupil of Richard Jonea, who succeeded Car^ 
bonelli as leader of Lho ordiMlra of Druir 
I jane Theatre. He nubfleciucntly atodied with 
Oeinininni, and in or about 17£7 b>3camc a 
iiK-niWr »f the band at tlw Kiiie'it Tlit-atn 
in the Haymorket. He had mue his lirst 
api)r4iniiK-« in pubUc in a concerto and aolo 
nf nis own c^ompoAition a« early as 17:^1. He 
belonged to the king's private band, and in 
1737 ynn nppoinl<-d director of the Italian 
opera. I'rom 17^ onwordi be dir«ctiM] thu 
subscription concerta atUickford'sroom.antl 
tbe Swan iBd OuUe coocatta in the city 
were for many yearn under his dirxction. 
An amateur aociAty which met at ibc Crown 
and Anchor Tavern in th« Strand, and waa 
called tbe ' fhilharmonic Society,' aa well as 
many bcDvBL Gonoerte, &i'.. were directed by 
bim,aiid on the opening uf Ranrlngh in 1743 
ho was appointed leader of llie bond and 
dirwtnr of lh« music. Btimey's verj' poor 
opinion of bin powera m a rioHni«t was pro- 
l>ibly not far wrong, although allowauoe 
must 1)0 made for Bumey's well-known an- 
tipathy to Engliib mtiaicians. I'esting aeenu 
to have boeome the fashion, and must have 
bod very little time for study. J^'rom about 
1730, Coo, he was more or leas constantly «n- 
{fBf[vd in compoattion. His worics forstringnd 
iRUrumenta include some twenty eoncertoa 
in seven ])arta,ai^bt8en anulaa in three partn, 
and fiiurimnaoloa with figurvdhasa. Among 
bis vocal worics are mentioned a paniphnan 
of a p«aaag« fron 1 Jabakkuk, Addisou'i ' tMn 
for St. Cecilia'a Day,' Milton's tong on Maj 
[Doming, an ode on the return of tbo Duka 
of Cumberland after the rising in 1746, a 
cantata, ' Svlvia,' and many «on^ The best 
action of l-vstiugi life was the initiatioo of 



Fctherston 



394 



'ethcrstonhaugh 



the Rayti Society of Muaician*. FnvUng-. 
WMdeaunm Uio king's duuvmuter, and 
Vincait, th« obabi, nIiuKlin); at thv iloor of 
the Omige eo&«-boufle in Ute lUjiuArk*'t, 
M-n- twu childran dririn^ miloh Bsew. Tb^ 
turniil out to he the cbitdtwn of ■ tiomun 
oboe-pl&fer named Kvteli, who after some 
tABtponrr iueocM hma died in extnema po- 
TttiT. The mueictaos, after cotutultiii^ wiili 
Dr. Maurice (iivpap, an intimalv frivnd of 
FMtinjr's. irtartfd • ^nhdcripUon.hT means nf 
whii'h ibe Ito}**! Society of MuMciuis was 
estahluhod, on 19 April 17'AS. for ih* relief 
of indigvutmiuicitaiaudthiiTfiLiDiUGS. The 
Wat. of ori^oal mcniheTii include* thr namt-M of 
ail ibv nutabk' uiusiciaiu of tlw dav. amons 
othersihatof IlBii<lct,w]ioM'MeMiah'is«ti1l 
■nnuoUr pi'ifamied for (be b<>neflt of llie in- 
atituljon. Knim Finitinf['M f^nerositron this 
oecanon, from tlu> &ct that be ptiblfabcd hie 
COmpaaitiom oo hiaown account (Uawcixs, 
BUtary, ed. 18^ p. 801). and still maw from 
hia haTinff discharged wil bout any remiimra- 
lion the duties of wcrelarr to the Aoeietir be 
lud hel[KKl to found, il i» fairly ocrLaln that 
be waa in «aay ciicunulaui;>!i>. Il» bad a 
brother, Jtdtn, on oboe-player, who amassml 
•ODM 8|000/., chiffly by tt-acliing. Accord- 
ing; to one arcount the oho*-plaver was the 
Oripinal of Ilo^rth's ' Enro^^ Musiciun' 
ia>. p. ftl»2). FV-sting dlfd on 21 July 17o2, 
learinK a son, the Itev. Michael t'escing, who 
msrri^ fbc only daiiiiht'T of Or. Greene. 
Ufi n'u rector of \N'ykb iEe];i&, l)om)t«btre. 
Festing'a musical proprrlv waa told two 
srantbs afkur bis dt^iih. Itunicy eays thai 
'with a fe«l>Ie baod, little geaiuii for cooi- 
pocilitin, and but a shallow knuwloil^ in 
cotiiiterp»iut, bygoodeoneOiWobily, prudeut 
coiiduct,&ndageDt4«nianlilct>Deha'rioiir[ Feiu 
tiug] acquired a weisbt and influence iu his 
pmneeaion, at wbicb bud hartUynuy iuu»cinn 
of hie daae ever arrired : ' and John Potter, in 
his ' Ohennratinnii iip^m lliu Present t^talv of 
Muaic,' 1762, fuiys that he 'denerves prniee 
■od esteem as a composer of great merit.' 

[Grove's Dicn. i. Gi&; Fohl'sHonri in Lon- 
don: Patt«r'sOl««rraUoi».&c.,p.fi9: Havkios'e 
IlisloiT. quoted above : Bumoy, ir. 649, 063, 
668; John Party's Ac«oiint of tl)o Itoyid Si>- 
e«ly of Muieiaiii, pivfixcd to a pru^Taniaio of 
the * Mrssisb.'for a performiinro in 1853 : Gent. 
JVag. ixii. 3S; ; SuraerscMIauMi Giuwtt« ( 1634), 
J. 81.] J.A. F. M. 

FETHEKSTON, ItICHARI> (J. IfrW), 

eatliolic martyr, vns cbaplnin in Queen Ca- 
Uierine of Arrnfron, and schoolmaster to ber 
dAngbti^rMary.nl^emrardAqueon. PitaetylM 
bim ' sacne tbeologiie docior,* but thetv is no 
record of bi» bavini; taken a dcfjrnf, (ntbi^r in 
Wood's ' Atbcnie Oxoueoees' or in Cooper's 



'Atlwiup C:>i •4.' Be nu in the 

coaTOcatton -^ i n^mrfi! in Ar.ril 1529^ 

and v»» one of the small Rt: 
fiuedto»igntbedi!rlaT«tiont}i lU'd 

marriaare wilb Cktberine wa- n the 

gioiuiiTtliat ibvpopobadno]-' ?(^eti- 

aation in fiiu-Ji a eoae. Aft-cr the lauaing i " 
the Act of Supremacy be refused to rjika I ' 
nalhfniii ''V, anil was mconf 

coramir Tow.t no l-H ll*r.* 

On 3LI,lijiy I.l^|| hf W6i' ' ' \.i 

mi«rt<'rcd at Smitbtitii Mr. 

mriw«, (iarr^t, Jen'mt;, J lvm)!, mi i .VbH^L 
He wrote a treatise, ' Coiiira divortium Hm- 
rivi (ft Catlu.-riua'.' 

(Oal. Stnto Papent. FNu. VIII. ri. »1I, II« 

vii. 2H !».. \\\\. ■ ' ' ■ ' : Foxc. V. 
p.71*»; Tiinnc ■!!i^.,p.2;^ 

CkKiaiclo, i. i;., ' ;...:]i«i>Uy's <J. 

lan, 121.] c. T. X. 

FETHER8T0NHAU0H. Siu TIM( 

THV <■/. ll>.'>l). :Ti>rtIn.t. TCBfl 8^.11 of Ll« 

FetherUonliaiieb of Kirkotiwald, Ottml: 
land, liigfa sbenlTof thai county 10 Jamw 
who was fUMTODd -urn "f ^Vihativ 1-Vlberitun 
bnufjbof F4rib<ir><l'in)ukui:b,Nnnliuml>orLaiid 
by bife wife Lurv, dmiff blnr of Kdmundj'*""' 
leyof Vaawaih, Westmoreland. Hie 
wan Dorothy, ilauglitvr of Thomas AV] 
of Clifton, Westmoreland i IVdic 
HcTcniXnoN, Ctmbfrland, i. 'M' ; Dc 
Landed fifutry, 7th wlii,, i. tXi^i\. In lU^ 
be was admitli'd a member of (iray'A, 
(tfarLM&UH'J.f.Sl). He was " 
at Whitehall 1 April ltii». iJurinK thai 
war he liberally contributed moofv to tlij 
royftl cau^i:, misud troops at his own ei 
iind served in tho fit-Id. in 104:/ bo mi 
with Sir William Uodle-iton to (!l 
York, having under him three hundred 
In PVbmory }GH hi* l<-fl. (Ixf'ir-I wiiti in'i 
ducliuns from the kintr and ' ' rt 

Iri'lanil, wlwrri hr Applied lo ' ■ IJ 

troopti for the relio/of Cumin .luinl ^L.vjiii 
On»M»«rf*'(l>^'>l),v.l3,ri.'_'4y». At il»e \)n\i\ 
of Wiftan ljini',lj(mcn»hirr', -'' '. 
was taken prisoner, and aft-' 
martini ar Che«t«r he was bt-li' nu'n lu 
city, ^i Oct., deepile lii« pL» ilut be 
quarter for life jfiven biti '' 
1^ England. \\.^2\ U*. in -ti 

daughter of Thomas Putrid; . 
Howin EnueniBle,C*umberland. Twooflw 
wns wrrr "lain at llw battli> of >\'nr 
:! Sppt. III.M: [b<- .Oder, FTi^nrr, had| 
kni|;lit«,-d (Ml the 6eld then,'. The 
loiUi-ii aninuntt'il, it is >j>i.). lo lO.tXNV. 
June ItMtl I wo oilier »■□-, I'bilip and Joht 
w»T»' obliged tri petition for placew hk po 
to the queen ' to lcMM:n ibv clior^e of i ' 



nM>tlM>r,whAiraBbrouglil vmy tow bvtlieUlu 
t'aaan' {Oil. State Popert^Jkim. \G(i{-'2,^.l). 
Tim [>etitiun wa« (trH"*"!- nuw" (i^jwint- i 
raunUuii) the pn-fieat of a portrnit of CltftrieA I ' 
iirr> said to liKvr> bm<n Ibf only rvcomponse 
tlia EiitDi))rmviTt>(]. In tltc cliuiccl of K.irk- ! 
oeWi'nM Churrli U a luoaumvnt to the mo- 
inory nf Hir Timothv ewctcd by bU ^ond- 
KNi Tlioiiinfi. Hin jionTUt U given in tlio | 
Ircmlitip\f^t» or WinMuiUra * The Loyall 
MartyrfilogT,' IittlTi, from whicli on onbtrgfod j 
eO)rnviii)t WIL4 {lubtinhi-d in octnvo. 

{Ilutchitiw.i.'B Cumtxrliiml, i. 205,206,207: { 
LViyiJ's Mpiiiwir*. p. SA* ; Collini's IWooeCiijie, , 
rul. iii. pi. i. pp. I HO-? : Cn). Sute Pft{i«n, Dom. ' 
ie&]. t0fi&~G. p. 146 ; Gillow'a tfiA. of Kn|j[lub 
C:*tli(ilicia, ii. 3JU: Ij* N'otw'h Kii)gh(»(Ilul.SiDcO> 
P. 2, (Ilit.MSS. Conu.rtfaBcp.,pt.i.lia:asnti«l 
JeScnon'tt Citmlierlnnii. t. 287. '^)l. 472-3. ii. 
4lf); N;pi>liion .inil Biitti'h WHliimrclaDd and 
CwatwclaiMl 1 Lywu'i ilignn ]3rilaniu]i, ruL iv. ' 
' Cnnbtrionil.' p. 138; Cobbolt* state TriiiU; 
Lib of Sir Fbilip MuBfcmrc (Cu-Iimln Tnicti); 

I Will at .M1<uij i-'uthPiwiiubaogb, P.C. C. }7. 
NaUM; Will.>f .SirT.I'.tUrelonhugh.P.C. C. ' 
Deeunber 1ti60.) O. 0. | 

' FBTTE8, S« WnXlASI (1750-1830), ' 
foiinii<.-r ct FvUks CMug-, Kilinltiirpli, born 
fii l-^ilinVjiirgli on !'.'> June \7M, w«m llii^iMti] 
of Willi/un l'*«tee, mprcliani there. After '• 
sttntuliiiu ■inn>> cUiam^ in tbi? bigli Kclinol be 
c<nniiu>n(NMl hiidinf^As, at tint ngc of i^iglit.vn, 
n« n winn nnd i«i merchAtit in 8ni)th'ftL.eDd, 
High ^^t^I>et, rombininit ihiit b(intu«» vilh 
tbui of uti uudern'hter, nud beiof ftlw COD- . 
iRsetod with tndinc eaUbli«bm«nU in New- 
tie, Ihirliatn. aod Leedfu He ww bIki for 
ainnj yt-nn a eontmeXnr for tnilitnr; eloive, 
•'iL«TrT;i-Mir»>K*riil in biinii(Mwi,nnd arcumu- 
[IntMl, (iif tli'iK* titucn, n luyi' luiunint of 
onuy. Bnterint; tlif town ooum-il <tf lixlin- 
urgti bf Hlkol in 17S5 tbv oflicu of fourtli, 
nd in 1 709 of fin<t, bailie. In I8U0 Lu wu 
cIkhtcii bml pnrvosl, and in lf*05 lie was 
eWlinl n Ufvxirl tiiui- to lliftt oifi^Ti'. In 1S(>1 
WU crnAled a tiaronrt. In 17B7 be nuir- 
1 a daiiKhl^T of Dr. ^[iiloolm of Ayr. I If 
.faia marriaj^' tlirrr' wn.* Imt oni* child, WiU 
intD.wlio tvn« >;iill'-<] to tho bar in lt*10, but 
ioi] at n. -till in IH15. 

I'l I from ba«iu64« iu 1400, and 

fir-> 1 to t lii> manafr«m«»t of ntrioiia 

idtnl t-tiiii'-i wbirb br Itad purrliaD'-d. In 
830 lie i-xorul^d a tni>t (liii|iisitiiin, in tvhicb, 
flt-r mnkinR ?..nii< tninor proviiuans. he do- 
.rtwl llio ri-Hiiliio of tun tuilstai to fnnn an 
: ' ■ ' .1 i in, 

ml 



icii.-ii r ii 

rthnt [iiirjin«*>.or\i ' 

I during tWirOWU nti-'nn-u 



li^iuic: L<j J 



inut»blo educatkm to ihcir own children.* 
The tnwtiwa wcrt- invi-^U-d with very ampto 
powera aa lo tha udiuiiii:>T nition of ihc estate. 
At the Udk of Fetlra'A death (LT May 1H36) 
iho trust funds auioiintfd to 106,000/1 Tha; 
were allowed bv (be trusleM to aociUBuhlt« 
till thvv reachwian umdunt Rufliciiml to carry 
tliii objii'-t of (lin iK-qiimt into itfTivL in a. 
RatUfaclort-innitiirr. In iBlUarerybandaonM 
building WU3 begun on onu of tlui ntstea 
tliat bad belonn-d to Kirttm (Comnly Bank, 
near Edinbuivn)^ acconlin^ to a design of 
Ilavid Brycw ^. v.], U.S.A., aTcbit«s:J. Tha 
oolloeewa8op<!nnd inOciolMrr 1870. Tholni^ 
teenaeterminnd that on I he foundation of tba 
instittition a numbi-r of bovs, not excMdiag' 
fiOy. bhould rt,>wiv« tlivir board and educa- 
tion fri-^-, while other boy<i nbould be eligihla 
for adiniaMOu on [luymi-nt. Ou the appoiut- 
nient of the ICducalional Knd<iwm<-nt» (Scot- 
land) C'timniissiou conftiderablo dtsaaualac- 
tion waa cxpmaaed hy Mtvunl citiitrDa of 
Kdinburgb at the war in which the tnurt 
had bmm adminivtcnia, on the ground that 
the niitnlier of beneHciariva waa Tery amall 
in prop'jrtioD to iL« rMouriMa of th» trast« 
ana bIm that the cLai* waa not that whieh 
the founder bad iuiended lo benefit. The 
oommiMion in their scheme of adminiatratioo, 
whilo mnltiiiff somi; cbangui on vartotia mat- 
Ian of detail, did not pnipom any aaaentiol 
change on the iilan which tlu> Imsteea had 
carried out. BmidM* I he cotlt^ buildiw, 
with chapel and heod-maatcr'ahouAe attached, 
forming tlio moat conopieuoiia ardiitvctunl 
feiitnre in tlii' northern Hiiburhri of Edinburgh, 
there arv now four boarding-houaea, each ao- 
ootnmodai in^ a number nf hoya, ran^png from 
doTDn lo ilfly-Hvr. Th<Tf are fifty foimda- 
tioners who n<«ide in th« ooll<.<ge building, 
oud to this niimbvr other twelve are about 
10 bu added, llie total number runa ftom 
160 to 207. There are weTenl Aehtdanhipa 
awardM by compftitiDn,fmm:!0/. UitKML wr 
utmuni. nmonutint; to SOOt. in all. [fauudw 
thu head-matter ihi-re are ele\*en aAaialant- 
matil^TN. 't'liv vdui-alion and ndmi nisi ration 
are siniilarfi iboHi* of Kn^ti&h public scboola. 

[MtBtemviit ropinlin^ ih" PeitM Eadovmsat 
wilblliufcr'<[''>i"^ Nutico'if KirW. Pcllisa,iaau«d 
by ihr IVutfii in l!)Q6; nno<h«r StAl«n«nt« 
IHftI ; f^'liHcuo for the AdaiialitnUiea of tha 
]-Vlt<-a Eniluwrnvut, npptowl l>r ardor »f bar 
Majwty ill <'<iimo>l, 3 Afril ItllA ; l'n>«pwtu> 
nf i-'itloitMteKe, lKK7i UlivoTKad BoiFd'» Ivdia- 
buryk Almaiiiwv] W. 0, B. 

FBITCH^ES, nAitoyxe dr. [8o» 

1>AWI>. Sol-Ill*.] 

FEVRRSHAM, GAtUA or [SmDitbu^ 
l.<•^l^ Iis4()f-I701>; iinvvvh 0»nKii^ 4. 
1077.] 




Ffennell 



396 



Fiacre 



VTEKNEJLLs WlhhlAM JOSHUA 

(179&-18«>7>, fifthftry reianonr,elJ*-'fit sonnnil 
WCODf) (jf wxlwii chiWrrn nf JmOinn Williiuo 
lutil KtifAWtli ]'Yenn(!ll, iru> born lit Au^. 
179tt, at BttU.vbTsdo.threo miles bvlonCsliir 
on the rivrr Suir. Tlw family liad bi^^ii «1^ 
voted luttmbers of the Society of Frivnda 
almost from (lie lime of Oeorgc Fox, but 
Pfwu)*'l]Vfath«,»ho#pitabl«! country p^ntlft- 
Dmn, WM I'xclinled froin the society on ac- 
count of imduG confonnity to the world. 
William .lovhiMKien ted lbUKat«!tioe(whicli 
wM a(t«rwardfl revened), and 'vrith hia five 
bioth«n joluvd tbe Mtabliihvd vLurch. Ho 
luul a di^Huhory cducalioD, and upt-nt mucb 
timi'inhunling.sbootiiig.aDd fl^hin^. lUba- 
Cami: i-itjii-ciitllr ox|H'rt in An}(Unf; for M,lroon ; 
and hia aitention wus dtawa to lb« decay of 
Iba fiffliing in thr Suir and othi^r nr)>ri>. In 
1624 bv look a lease of Carrigataha. which 
adjoins Ballybtado on the Suir. After car^ 
faUy Fiudyins the habits of the fixh and 
making btinseu acqaaiulvd irilli lh« 'dd acts 
of parUacoent, heeadeftToure(ltorr.iu.epiiblic 
fttUnlion, witb a rinw to lisgislalivo mfann. 
Ha bad dJ)li<-ulti>*H with the poacbsra in the 
upper waters, and wirh the proprwtoni of ibo 
*Stalt« w<^i^ ' iu (boiidinviiv. Aiiajrt [laMWil 
ia 18S6 had forbidden tht> cnnstabiilaty to 
uiterfere for tbi> |>rotvctiun of salmon. In 
18SU be wax iipjminU'd to the rj^mini«!tion of 
tbe pence, and by GrmnesG sjid tact obtained 
the nill confidi^nct- of Ibo poopk- in npito of 
his toiy poUtica. Ue Cbua managed to iiu- 
pfore tbe Dtata of the &uir and to obtain the 
aupport of public opinion. In 1837 a peti- 
tion upon itio Irisu flahfriex was presented 
10 parliament by the Ear) of Glengall, a 
iriviid and niiuhbuur of I'fL'nnell. who spoico 
upon lilt- ^uhjeol in thf lionet- of Lords 
(IB Juuf). liord Gluti^U and Ffennell be- 
canii! I'hiiirmaii «nd nncn-Inry of tin' Buir 
PreBtiTiition Society, foundea in thi> 8ame 
year. It u-aa du» to tlivir «xertiona that an 
«ct Traa paaaod in ^M2, embodyiofr innny| of 
Ffennell epropoaals, but unfortunately ^vin^ 
privilej^ea to the Ptnlio weJrs, which lon^ 
tiindon-d tbe development of tb« Hsberj*. In 
1844 an oi^l waa paased autboriaiii^ police 
pjtiteolion for tliu nrers; andinlfttCanothLT 
aalmon act waa pa«aed, and Ff«nn«ll was 
appointed fiahety uuipeetar under the board 
of works, nia office included the inspwtion 
of Ma f1»l)criet, and durinj^ the potaro famine 
ha viaited Scotland, examined the process of 
fiabH:urinf;, and tried to introduce it amon^r 
tbe atarviiiff population of tbo we»t coast- of 
Ireland. Id l>i48 the act commonly caUwl 
'Ffenncirs Act' was pa!^M>d. This ie Ibo 
iniliatacIofiiiodKni4a!iiuiiitt^»lati(i»,whii-b 
providBS funds and machinery for carrying 



th** law int'i praciinsv by maldnfi the 1 
adminiaCratinn of the aalnx'U 
porting. Hf nnw bfcome a ' 
the board of public worVi* ! 
t^nidenceofthvnnivlr ftirmnl ' 
In \(V^ he fihibite.! -^ - 
salmon passes at the 1 
that yMr, whirh atira>-^ 
His adricn was fraiueu t : 
and ScotUndi aodm 1 - 
one of the royal eoair) 
thv salmon tisheriea of I _ 

Their report led to an ai-t puanr<d in IM 
uodur which F'f«niieU w-n« npjwiint'-d ii 
spvctor of salmon fisbi '^ ' uni 

Walea. Inld03be«u luu 

sioner of fisli«rte« for t^C-illiiud. in 1N13 
nlnion bci for Irvland was paased, which 
last tf^t rid of tht* Makx wt-in>. A }inmphl< 
writti-n by him coniributi<d ro eecurinjf lliia 



measure. A similar af 
land in 1^5. InlSA^ 
Watwr/incoiyuBctionwiii, 
T. ttnckland [o. T.].witb a 
Bshirii'S. He died 1 



J fill Kng- 
I^nd oad 

. .1 !■> 
t< 



in London .. J.,„, 
In IKiJO Ffimuell marri«4l >Urjiir»-t i.'* 
voon^L'St daughter of Kub>.-rl Frt'-iidvi, 
tlnwnmounl, CO. Tippirtary, hywbom 
nine children. He wrol« a few 
and lei'turvs u]Kin tliv ftihorr iMit^Htiiio. 
chief power lay in bis pnu-tiral knowledgot 
the salmon fUnery qucsli'in in it> miuulM 
dotaiK and his stnf^ilarly clear and i^iTpclit 
mvlhod of bringing forward tbe sitbjecl 
public meetings. 

[Inforeintton ^m Mr. Mark Bsroo. who 
pnparing a life; Hariiatasntary l^tpfn 
BepOTts: Hoibsat Bore's S. ■ 
Fishmm of Irdaad, IBM. I 
Fishariosof Ireland, 186fi; oolic^s 
Water, Field. &c.] 

PFRAID,T.D.(lfil4-1875). [SwKti 

JoHX, Wt'Isb poet.] 

FIAORE or FIACBRACH. 

('i. *<H)^), was a native of Ireland, and 
noble birth. Dosirous of leading a aolit" 
lifv hi proceeded to France with «qiim> a 
pantons. From the entry in th.^'Ufartimilopy 
of I>ODe)tal,' ' Fiachracb' an lOremite, and W . 
bleawKl alito in France,' it would fti>pr-ar tlu 
be had a prwvioua caiwr in Ir^liind, _ 
which no rvcord remains, .\rririnttat MeaUBf 
near Paris, he TifitM Faro, bisltup of that 
place, and sought from him 'a litt' 
tho woods remote from human l 
wtllo in. The bishop, luaraint; umr a- wa 
from ' Ireland, the country of tlie Scots 
(niinted his request, for he boi» in 
a riitit paid to bis father by the tuao 
missionary, ColttmbanuA, and was 



Fiacre 



397 



tara 
KkIo 

' the 

J but 



towAnU bU rtKintr^'nifTi. FiachnuJi 
len prooHeded to rleiir a spot at the place, 
'Src>dtliuiD(*rlln^ilium,anw Rreiiil,wlirTt-ho 
Breeieil n mnn&.'<lfirv, huililitij^ a Bmbll honna 
near, fgr the reception of gueato and u » 
dwcUine for him.'^-lf. H«-r<^ he wu mit«d 
by a fellow-coiuitrviuBii uamod C^en, who 
WM on hifl way b&cl( from k [>il};niiiAgt- tO 
Homu. One of lite rule« of bix taousier; 
forbade Troioen to enter it, and this haviog 
been liopt up in aftor timea when it« origin 
VMS forgotluii, II Uycnd gn.<w up ■« lo ila 
e«u». Th« saint, ifw&s Biiid,wuil«lKTound 
Saw a ^udou, und having oslt^d 8t. Furu for 
it be coBiented to fti ve hi tn sa tnuob oh lie rould 
^EDicloae ia one day by a tnmcb di^' with bis 
own handn. Fuicnmch druw hm cnuitiT nlnng 
the ground and tba earth opened beftm^ it, 
but a traman who sow htm lia<t«ied tii tvlj 
bishop bow his ntipuUtina was evudt-di 
C04ueqaeac« of which l he saint prayed that 
any woman who ent«nd his Bionut«ry mij^'hl 

»tH> di« ini^ly puiiiibed. Tha rute, however, wan 
evident It framed in aroordancewith theproc- 
ittcu of tliu Hocond i>rdi^ of Iriab «ual<(, who 
'refiued the HHfviceri of women nnd HeparatMl 
Ihem from thetr monaBlvrieH* (Todd), ll wan 
to atrictly nUti/n-'-d Ihat Anne of Auxtria, 
when Bhfvifrited FiachraoVs tomb in \<itl to 
pray tbvr<>, did nut vvnturu to infring-; it. 

Ail far h«ck ax the ninth century bis fame 
w « worker of miracles was widwprvuJ. He 
wu beliertid to havo cflected our«s by Ow 
mere Uying on of bis Lands, and pil|^ini5 
from L'fcry quarter crowded to his SAnnA to 
invokti his aid. H« was chiefly ceLebnt«d 
r the cure of a tumour aittOe known as ' le 
de St. Fiacre' He died oa 18 Aug., but 
iheycari&nut knowu. It wasptobably al»ut 
'!670. Ilia fe<itivat ia kept on 90 Ao^. in the 
niUDeniuA omturiui and uhurche* dedicated 
in him througliout France. In 1*2^ bia r^ 
mains wers plocod in a thrinu by PcUir, 
bishop of MiMux, hi» ikrni Ix^in^ plumed in a 
■rparatfi re}i(iuarT to be carrii.'d about and 
r:cnibite(i ^(^ the penpln, in tli<- ciimri rattnner 
doubt n« thfl arm of Ht. Luchlin, lately 
quired by tbeooTemment and d<^poait«d ui 
ic mumtim oTthe Royal Triab .\oademy, 
II 147^ ihi; remaina of aainls Ftacbraeh and 
'lUcn, fneloflod in their wooden caMS, were 
in a r'lUvt ihrim'. But in ITK^ itwai 
L-einrd a<lv]4abl(>, in ooiiacqUBQCO of the r^ 
-iaua tnmbliMi, to rvmovi' lliem from Brcuil 
thTxitthcdnil of Moaux. In Kil'theiihriiie 
aaojHMir-<l by the liUhoji of Muau\, And jmrt 
' tb'.' l«"ly wa> uivvDto the kin){ iif Ktruria; 
id liuily, in 1037 it was a^m tmcned, and 
rl i>f I be verlebncgrvvn to Cardinal llichp* 
ma. 
yiichndi's oaoM ts perpct ualcdla Fnooe in 



the 



connisrtion with the hackuey-carria^ called 
; fiacn^, which derived it.s name &um thu cir> 
cumstanw that the uropriiior of the HAiel 
de St. Fiacrw, in the Uuv Ht. Martin, in IWO 
kept cairisfies oa bir«. Over the doorway was 
an image of the oaint, and in course of time 
the carriaira! coma to he called by tbdiami!!^ 
the tainl who prwided over the t;«ublijbmei)t. 

[BoUandi*)*' Aft Haoel, An^nnt, vi. 5tl8 w*q.; 
Dr. Toild'n Liiv of SL Patrick, p. 80 ; Mart, lioao- 
IPil. p. 22fl : U»hor'» Works, ri. 51 l-Vl ; Liltrtfa 
tVonchDicliiinnry.a.T.' Fiacre;' Lanigsa's Bed, 
Uiat. ii. -JiJ-S.] T. O. 

FICH, FYCH, or FYCHE, THOMAS 

((/. 1517), ucclcfiiojitii' and fomiiilcr, waa a 
native of In-Iand. H» atudiwl at Uxford, 
hi'cumt! a cantm regular, and waa apnointed 
siilj-lirionif the con^'ont of the Holy Trinity 
at Dublin, now the cAtlicdml of C?hri«t Church. 
i){ thiit mstabliahment Fich compiled ■ meaffre 
neorolo^- in Latin, Btyli-d ' Moniloi^iiim^or 
'tJbitaniim.' He was al*w the compiler or 
tnuiscribur of a oollection of mi^mcMmnda, 
chiefly on QccIusisMicul muitere, known as tho 
' White llook of Uhriat ChuTCh, Dublin." stOl 
prvM-rvt^ in that cathedral. The necrology 
wa^ printed al Dublin by the Irish Archseo- 
lopical .Society in IHU, with an inlrodiidion 
by JumrH H. Todd, I).]), A reproduction of 
api^fpof the 'White Ronkof CuhatUhuith' 
wsja ifiren on plate i. of pan iii. of ' Fac- 
similes of Xationnl MSS. of Ireland,' pub* 
lished in 1870. Ficb dit'dai Dublin in 1517, 
and was interred in Chriat ('faurrh thi'r*), to 
which he bail bevu a cunaidorable benefac- 
tor. Hi.- would appear to ltav*> been related 
to (Icoflrey Fycb, dean of St. Pot rick'n, Dub- 
lin, lollJ':!?. In (hat caChvdral is still extant 
a brass ptate bearing thn effiffy of OeoflTrey 
Fych and a tDOaumantal inscription, 

^Wnm, I>n Scriptoribui llibemiv, 1839; Ar- 
chive* of Christ Cbtiriih. Dublin : Wooili Atiinn» 
Oxnn. : MoiWD's HiM. of .St. Patrick'a, Dablin, 
I«2I>.1 J, T, O. 

FIDDEa, UlCn.UU) (1071-17215). di- 
vine and hiitlorinn, the rldpal »on of John 
Fiddsa, was bom in IU71 si Iluninnnby, near 
Scarborough, but was brnuj^hl up by ad uncl» 
who was vicar of Brightwell, Oifurdshire. 
By him he was educated at a Bchool at Wick- 
hara, niwr SciarborougL In Ootuber lt(87 be 
entered as a commoner at Coq>na Chrifili 
CoIlfwe,<>xfurd, but for some reason uultnowu 
tmnAftrrredbinuelfin March l<lTiO to (.'niv,-r- 
HiirColhwe, wherebetooklbedegrvpof B.A. 
iulilOl. In I0U3her(.>turDedtoYork5hire,and 
marriixl .Mm. Jam* Andt^rnon, who is said to 
have been s 'gentlewoman well d>>itc<-n<h-d and 
of * good fortUBv.' Next year he tovk holy 



Fiddes' 



Fiddes' 



orden, snd in } 006 WM pfWUltHl I17 Rftlph 
Rand nf Sicirlaw Ui CIm rvcUicy of UaUIiiuu id 
HoldemeM (PaoLsax, ffiat. 0/ BoUrnteM, li. 
86S). TlwpRrnbwM tniall, ■nJ l-'i<]clt« Imil 
I |eiAurp1'<iTiKui]y. Tie Jtaffervd from ma affp4V 
I tioQ of the tbroat, wlucb unpurH hU *»ii>', 
•0 thftt lio oould MarMly krt)cnUt« diitinctly, 
«KMpt oecanoully.wboD he -was Biiaiuisttnl 
tw ftodety And b few glsMC* <vf wine. Un 
tail gninid h» obtained from ArchlHJibop 
Sburp l«ftTe of oon-risidencn, knd removed 
fromHataliAiii, first lo WitWhAm, Itut in 171*2 
took up hii rvtidiiijcc in Loudon tu pur«iie the 
carwr of a n&a of letUn. llis reuon (m 
sodoisgwuBpLwof povorlyind tlujbunlra 
of « luse fanujy. It wauIu M-eni, however, 
that Fiadee'fi povLTty was llm n»ull of do- 
in eHlicinimuiiiiigiMn'*tit, for the Tv-ciiiriallilhiw 
of Hahihani utn- iwrnmuted at 7'XH., and if 
Mnt. fiddes h«i] a' ffood fortune,' there neenu 
to bo no re&mti) whj iho hoiiwthold xhould not 
have beODa^lequKtelymnintaini^. However, 
Flddaa •eeni<< alwnVR to hATt> n>ptviioatod 
binuelfaa iXraggliaa agaituit mouey difficul- 
titM, and aoua after uts arrival in London he 
tnanafred to jntoniM SwtA in hiii favour, 
Kfitni-lt, ill II diary of 171S (SwiPT, II orfcn, 
«i. Scolt, xvi. W»), writM of tiwift : ' He w«* 
•oUcitiiig the Earl <>f Armn U> speak to his 
brolhor, the Itake of Ormonde, T^ f^t a chap- 
^lain'n place eatablisbed in the garrison of 
Hull for Mr. Fiddes. a cIcrKyman in tlint 
neiffhbourliood, who Wd Ut«ly be^o iu jail, 
anupubliabed aermotu topay foM.' Whether 
or CO FiddM had rually btwcii in guol for dvbt 
w» do not know; but he had CMtainly l>e^UD 
to publiah sermon?, which wore neithtM* better 
nor woDU) l-luui liirj gftnttralityof thosK of hi* 
day. Bnt Fiddeihad n reputation for team- 
ing, and waii nK-uminuuded to Swift br Oeorgo 
Smnllridei*, afl<u'wiinls )ii«hop of ItriMul, 
who reminded Swifl of Fiddea's prei>etice at a 
dinneraL SherUjck's (ib. 1*4). The chiiplaincy 
at null was sccordiniHy ?iri>n to liiin, anil 
ho further received froni his univiereity the 
degree of B.D. by diploma. Howaa made 
CMplaio to tiie liarl of Oxford, and wenusd 
to M now in a good poeilion. With the 
diangeof ministry in Ij14 his fort une« fvU 
also, and he waa depriveil of hiH clmpUinCy 
alHuU. In 1714 he took advantage of the 
stir caused by Pope's plan of hia iranAlntion 
of the 'Iliad 'to publish ' A Prefatorv l-Ipiatle 
eoncemioff 9ome remarks to bo published in 
Homer'i " Iliad. '" In this he declawd bis 
villingnen to write a book which iibould 
(I) examine the 'Iliad ' by the rulmof epic 
pofltry. (3) c»nsid>jr the obj(>clionJt niiii>d 
Bffainst )t by former wrilem, (3) defend 
TTomer agaituit Plato and Sctalirer. It is 
purbape scarculy strange thai the demaad for 



eueh ft work waa oot large eoougb to 
eonnoQ Ffddea to proT'^'^ M- M^cur' 

turned to theol«gi-. -' 

acriptton.in I71B,'T!j 

the fir«t part of a Buils ^'i I'miiirv,' 

work hail i«)me suco(.>m aa a i^naipitiulimi I 

current theotr>^,and pmoii- ' 

the ili-srw of 11. IK {mm ■ 

Oxfonl. It wad I'olIowM ill 

pan, 'ThiM)lr<^a Prudioo,' 

Christian ethics in thevani^ ••'•,1 ••■- lIi 

part hiid dt-^It with ChriMian dootriiw. 

Morf> important than hia (heolo|{T«_ 
little br<ok m which Fidde» InUTpottd in 
controversv bmwwn Slmnif^urv ntid," 
deville, *A lieneral I 
formird tiponlhuj'riucii' 
oiilv,' 1721. In ihia be ariju-ka 

and definea moral truth an cunsistit 

cont^mplnlion of the morn) itrHW^tion? oTl 
di^Hnfi naiuri!, iIih nil" nnd model of per' 
tion to allotheri" f-^inRS '< I'uwtl 

iAa/tf*(ivtyand :■: .U^-Sj. lal 

same year waa pubUalicU, u^aio by st 
lion, tLo work of Fiddes which attract 
Hllentiou in his own day, and waa 
rememU-red in Iviigiish litemlure, viz. 
Life of Cardinal WoW-y.' Tho noti 
fp-nMircit <if Ibis wiiric nn« that it ntt«iupt«d 
to vindicate Wnlsey'a memtir%- frnm 
loquy which lutd penistimtly puraui^'l 
aIm that it took a view of tlm Mi^Uf, 
leas un&voanble to the nit.'dtu.-val chi 
than that of most proiMtADt writcm. Fit; 
woA iminotUal«Iv attacked both by ibe pr 
and in the ptilpit. lie had baen fait bud ' 
the Karl of Oxford uAer his hll. and 
fm^ui^ody visited him iii pnson: furt 
the pnbce to the * Ufi.' 01 Wolscv/ ~ 
that Attorbur^' bad oU'ervd him ibn 
nicy of writing it in hii house, and 
a warm tribute to Atterbmr'a abiliiioa. 
then-foro siiitod AtterhuryOittaaai' 
rui^f- 1 'iddefl of popery, ud roprt 
employed by Atterbury to writi- 
An ntiatk in the * LoaHon Jotimiil ' lo! u 
pamphlet b\' Fiddea in his own dHfonc**, ' 
AnawertoBritannicus,oompil>^rofthi^''L 
dtm Journal "* (I7:f6>,in whit-h ht- 
himself from the char^ of nopory, aiii 
taioed his imjiartialily. At the 
I>r. Knight, prebendary of Ely, in a 
denounced Fidduc us 'throwing dirt uf 
the happy reformation of tvli^iuii amung 
and aft^T Fiddes's death rvtiumMl to 
charge in the preface to bis ' Uf" «f Krantni 

Fidd«4 next iftsncd a priv^pM-tus for 
voIutu« containing tho ii^'e^ of Murv ano 
l-'isher, and had written a good d^^al of tha 
work whon his health brokfdowa.and be^' 
in l7-^>, at Putney, in the hoiuo of Uta £tiei 



•lel 



3W 



•lel 



■«ot] 



John AriatiF, nnd was bnriod id Fulhnm 
«tiiiiThy«n[. The mimnscripl of h\i lil'ti At' 

B<«iilt'4 llie works mentiioaed, Fiddn pub- 

~ rtl majty Bvriuoae, tnovt of -whicli were 
«ot]M-ted intfi » voliune, ' Kifty-i.wo FfKctical 
I>iacoiirM<«,' 1 720 : aliMj ' A Letter in Ansvor , 
t') M Fn^tliiiikf r, ocvuAiiiMio) )>y I.Un Intn Uuke 
nf Ru<*kinf^ttm's Epitaph,' 1721. Birch, in 
'GiUKT«l iHuiionjiry,* p. 'JH, m'mts u Itrtlor 
of t'iddoA li> a pnttiMtxnl Uay to ()i)i|iuaid« 
Iwr rrum tartiiiu^ Komiin rKthoUc. 

FiiliWi* ' Life of WoIjwt " w»)t a coniidpr- 
ftlilit work, nnd wiui foimond npon nt&l re- 
•eoTch : the docummitfl appt^ndfK) sliil rDnkf 
the book valiinblt'. Thi.> view of WolaeT which 
t^ddcit tcw>k is in it? general outline tlio satme 
u that taken by Ilrewfrr in hia ' HUtotr of 
HL-tiry \'IU,' ihou^h Fiddee rvfrtrdcdWolHy 
rntki^r an a palmn of letters and a benefactor 
of itio uuiverelty of Oxford than aa a groat 
Hlati'taman •^afftiK'^ >» fi<tin»ii nfTiiini. FiitdMs 
iftyle is not bapiiy, buitiff involved and lumber- 
ing; bnt hi* * Lifi< of WoImv' marlwd a real 
odTKnre in hlRtoricAl inAtght. 

Fidd«s hod all a student's beedlessaees of 
ordinkTj prudono". lit- was contiDiiitl)y in 
monoy diiHriiliies, and left n wifo and six 
childrvn ill provided for. He wo^sofoi^elfiil 
of onmiaon things whun olMorbid in Hludy 
that one niuht be wa« lout, and wan diaco- 
rerod lockfla up in thu Itodloinn Library. 
H*> had a vmrir nrtnntiTB mwinory, which 
mado bis erudition fwv-m frreater than it 
rally wa!>. In vpile of his physical iritimiity 
bft wa.1 valufxl in florii^ty and had many 
frietid', both in Oxford and London. 

[Th« anlr mttttiHal for a lifr of Flddoi ia tlic 
•TticUbyThnmnitHin-hinthnOetioralDiclionary, 
CtitJmraiid HiHlorieal, v. 2iS.ite. Birch ymU 
in l7SfI. from information *appIiod hyFiddtn's 
family. All «nliMqn«nt nolicca of Fidd«a ham 
bem r^petitiojii nf thi*. Knh'a tlatw nin not 
Monnt*. Bor ia liiri nA.'Aiint of HaUiam, which 
ha doarribea ti* heiag in a numb, and affecting 
KddM'stbroniWiudnmpnvw, TbaiDforawliuu 
about Fiddes'g literary I'lfo is feathered from Iho 
praPaAM and dodKatiotui of bia rariuiu works.) 

M. C. 

FIEU). BARRON C1786-lftl6>. lawjer 
and mioopllanuous wnt«r, atKond ann of 
Hrnrv Field [q. T.},m«urer to the Apotbv- 
cuim^Ootnpany.by hit wifR,Eatber,daaj;fat«r 
of John B«m>n, wu bora 33 Oct. 1786. 
Throogh hia fat hf r's iDliniato connection witb 
fTfariat^ Uoapitnl. and ttirough the fact that 
hisbrotbor FnuiciA John Field wa« a cliTk in 
ibn India t>lliiw, he bncame acquainted witb 
' Charles Lamb, had a Urge ahare in hia affec- 
' txmt, and wm mlmittod « nwaib«T of that di»> 
I liuguinbad cIusUt of Uteniy msu which in- 




rliidi-d Coleridge, Wordsworth, lluilitt, and 
Letzb I [unt. He was <]-ntrrtd on the boobs of 
the Inn^r Tetuple on iKI June 1^^, nad wa« 
called on 23 June li^U. At thin period of hia 
life he Hupported hiounlf by liluratmv. IIii 
eontrikii((.-d seveRLl eaaaya to Ldgh Hunt's 
'KAAi3Ctor'(1811 i.andaniDnghUcomnilatioiiA 
waa an aiialyai* of H)BckKt(jn«'K 'ComnM<n- 
lariua.' His most InmLtivo ongng^ment wna 
that of thMtrical t-ritic lo the ' Titnes.' lie 
hod aulHcif'iit influftiicc with Un- jirnprifllors 
to procure tht> place of parliaiQtfDtary reporter 
for Thomas lUrneg [ci. v.], and tba rvcniit 
ultimately nlttainfil tuo poution of editor. 
Kiold apprt>ci.ited Englisl) noelry, both an- 
ci<«nt nno mad<'ni ; bJa fondnuM for "Worda- 
worth's wriliDSB was ocpecially marked, uid 
Mr. J. Dykofl Campbell poaaeaees a copy of 
Wordsworth's pocnu ( 1815-20, in 3 vola.) 
which containaVi^Id'fl book-plate and dlabc^ 
ratv T&riorum readings in his handwritiDg. 
lie contributed to the 'CjuartiTly Ri.'ri«w' 
for 1610 an article on l>r. Han's edition 
of Httrrick, and ho made a cloeo etudy of 
the dramatic works of Hcywood. wlien 
hv hail n-alinvd tli« prNvious charaolerof 
lil'-'rary work and his want of sa«o«s in tlw 
law in EngUnd, ho secured for hinuelf thu 
post of adToeat«-fiscal at Oylon, and then of 
judge of the supreme court of New South 
Wales and its dependenctei. He vmbarked 
fttOmveaend on 2d Aug. 1S13, with bis wife, 
whom lie had jii^t mnrrirHl, ami anchored in 
Sydn«y harbour on 24 Feb, l.**!". His slay 
in tht! colony butli-tl for ni?arly sevtm years. 
Ho took ship for England on 4 rob. 1624, and 
bmdvd at Portsmouth on lU Jime. Seveml 
trticlea, i&clnding namtives ofthe incideots 
on tbeae Toysm, were oontribuied by him to 
tb« * London Uagutne' (1823-^), and tbo 
journals of liiii voyages were sub<ie^uent iy in- 
cluded in the appendix to tbe'(i<.<oirrBpbic*l 
McmoirsonNewHouchWalea.' Hindiitrhurg* 
of bis legal duties in New South Watea was 
marred bysontedrawbscks. Ui«diligene«isnd 
professional ski]] were gcnefsUy roeogtUKd, 
but be was paid by fees, and this luipowd btm 
to tb» cbsrgv, an mynet charge as is aeknow- 
ledged, of encnumging litigation to augment 
liis mcome. A tnoro oerioii-s arror appeared 
ia his raadinvsa to embark in (he party 
squabbles of the colony, which cxposM him 
to the obloquy ofhisopnonenu; and when be 
twtired from the presiaeocy of the aumne 
court the compluneniary addms of the 
lawTcn did not represent Kvery shade of 

riuhlic opinion. An address which Field do* 
ivered to the Agricullnnl Soc't'tv of New 
South WbIubiSs Its preoidenr, on ^ July 1823, 
provoked a puintvd LAter ' in refutation of 
the grouDdleas aasertiom put forth by him lo 



^ma 



Field 



400 



Field 



ibc {jn^jmltcc ofVaa Dii'toen's I^nil,' hv a 
L-ulonifti natattd Tbomaii Kmt, wbncIniinMl a 
n-«i<lt'nc<! of ton yenT9 in the loiter oolony. 
l-'inlil'* intiniBi-v witli Charlc* Lamb is twice 
flhuwn in tbft 'l^(Viav(> of Klia.' Hr was the 
frHtui with (he initials of 'B. F.' who ac- 
cniupnniod Lnmb and hin siBlcrtm ll)«>iri'i«it 
to ' Mackery End in IlertfonUhirc,' as*! to 
him wh^it r««idcnt bI Hvdnev wan uldrc^ueil 
imdi^r Via initials the csmt (^tiil«t ' Distont 
Corre«>oucl«nts/ Field n-luni<:Hl 'plump and 
friendly,' and he rfoiumnl his practieo at 
th« baTi but was af^aiu dii^i-u thnjimh wunt 
of businieeB into a['plving for a If^l jmmi- 
tioa in tbi> oulonif«. IHm m-xt ap])ointU)imt 
WKA to the o}iEi-.f-iu9.tirir«hiti ftl Gibraltar, 
whvre Benjamin iMaracli collfd on him in 
IftaO, and haa leA a diapan(^Df[ account 
of his maiinen. He is pn)ooiinc«d ' a boro 
and Tulcar, a Storkfl without brMMlinfr; con- 
aoqnftntly I nra him a Ici^ture on eanra 
which made him atare, and he baa avoid(.-d 
no erer since ... a noiity, obtnuiv^, jar- 
gtmic jodgn, evvr iUuKtraling tbu obvious, 
explaining tb» evidiml, and expatiating on 
tb« cammonplaci! ; ' but lUom barahex|irM- 
aiona of tho joung miui of favhion muat he 
contrasted witii the liking of friend!*, liko 
Cribb Itobitwoo, who had se«n many classw 
of men. Some j*oi» lat*^ Field renimi-d 
borne and withdrew from the active dufJM 
of )m profeMion. Go died without issue at 
Meikdroot Uouu. Torquay, on 11 AnriliaM. 
KiH widow. Jane, daughter of Mr, Camcroft, 
dii^'d 111 WimblMlon in 1878, igfld 60. In 
I.ARib'a opinion nbe was ' really a verr *u* 
pi-riorwuman.' and on hwrptum from Giliral- 
tar bt- hunmrnd bi-T with an «cm«lic- Firtd'a 
nnalvfis of IMnckstonc'a • OnmmentarioA.' 
which was public bfd in 1811, waiifrequcntly 
roprinted, and tto lately ah 1R7R wiut inclnded 
(it. 6&d-700) in ail edition of nUdutone 
whir.h WAN publiohcd bv 0«oraB Shanwood 
at Philadelphia. ThR yeiu- afterlio woa i!a,Ued 
to the bar he ineued, under the ditguiao of 
' by a bairieter/ a littlit pamphlet, of * Hints 
to WitoeHca in Courts of JuMic<',' 161&, 
which contused an mo proctiral adrice on the 
■dvuDtagw of uuwuriog clvarly and dinxrtly 
the qneatJooa of eounsal. Hin ' I'im Fmitit 
of Australian Poetry ,' consisting of I wo pieces 
eiititlM 'nntaiiy liar Flowftw' and < The 
Kangaroo,' was printed for private dinlribu- 
lion ID 1819 dunng his rosiJenco at Sydney, 
and WM reviewed by Chnrlea I ^mb in I^^^ipb 
Hunt's ' Examiner ^for 16 Jan. It'L'O, thv t^ 
view being reprinted in R. II. Shophurd's 
'Complete Worhii in Prose and Verao of 
Lttmb'|.lWo).pp.76K.(t,andin'MrB,Lei«^ 
ter's School,' &c. (Canon Ainffer> ed,1,pp. 
23l>-7. On his return to England in 182Q 



he edili^ a vdIobib nf * Geo^paphical H 
mom on Xew .South Walea, by varw 
hands.' In the main portion of this woe 
wwre c<)mpri»t.'J iwo an ides by him (l) '€ 
the Abongioea of NVw II«tUnd and Va 
Diemen's Land,' pp. 1U& 2-Jd: (i) 'On tb 
I Kiveia of New South Wales," pp. i'oa-aii 
I but the appendix coniaintid t^ix moro of h^ 
I papers, including the oarraliTnit of bi* roj 
I Bgt^4 and tbc ' First Fniirs of Aiuitnilia 
I'oetry,' the Utter Imiug aligbtly augmenic 
ainco their first appearance. Ilisproaepaaw __ 
muslvr. but his varsM did little credit to hit' 
literary abilitiea, u»d i-xikik*-!] him (n an epi* 
gram with the obvious lauikt that they vrm 
the producta of a 'bartvn field.' Ajiothnr 
_ legal tract of hia compoeition via 
tbroii^b the pms in 18^ ^ it was 

' A Vindication of the practi<« of not 1 

ing the Connsel for Prisooen accuMd 

Felony to make Speechea for (hem/ 

his final aettlenieot iu England he edited I 

tho Shakspere f?oeioty (1) Tlif? 'fmi a 

iMiCotid FurtH of King Edward IV Hiatoria/ 
by Thomiw lI«ywo.id, 1842 ; gi) ' The Trm 
Tragedy of Richard the Third, to wl " ~ 
appMidM lh» Latin play of " Ricl 
Teniua,"byDr.TbnmafiL4:ge.'li*i4:(3)' 
Fair-Miiid of the Exchange, a Comedy,' 
Thorn a.* II oywooil ; and 'Fortune byi^ai 
and Sea, a Troj^-Comedy,' by Tbomoa He 
wood and WilLam Ilowley, 1846. TbeatuJ 
of lU'ywood's writings was Field'aehief]* 
sure, and it was bia intention to have < 
pleted tbe publiculion of all his works and 
to have writtMi bin meuioir. H« invfixed an 
introduction si^ed ' B. F.' to the ' ^f<>mnii 
of Jum«it liHnjy Vaux, a Hwindlerand Thief. 
DOW tranfiport«d to New South WalM for? 
the eL>cond time and for life,' whidi ori^nalh 
appeared in 1819, wa» included in Hunt & 
Clarke'f series of antobiogrsplueH (toI. xiiij 
for 11^7), aikI wa« i^isaued in 1830. FieliT 
wrote in the ' Keflt>cior' numerouj* pic 
(signed withtbreedagger8),of which tbe aiortl 
remarkable are the eommnnicationa from ft 1 
' Student of the Inner Temple,* consoling of 
ancedolcsoD bonch and bar: hecoutritiute*! 
a short but <.-iui.'lk-nt mumair of Charles Lamh-i 
to the ' AnDiial liiograpby and Obiluanr'of 
L830, and he wisbed to undertake a Vdtt at 
■\Von!iiwort!i, hiil the noet begf^ him to ; 
£ruin. Three lettcr3 to liimBtcamongTAinVfl 
o;m-s|>uiidenoe ; one from him loLeiKh Kimt 
is prim. d in (he lftttcr'arOTrc«p(^niI>r.i ■■, u i-H 
he is occasionally mentioned in Cn' 
son's ' rtioiT,' which also contatUB 1 1 1 
one of bis lett«ri to Robiuaon, whttuu Iroui 
Torquay in 1844. 

[CutwinV Ilrrf ford^hinr, 1, pt. i. 18, 11. ]>t. iid 
339; OiiaK. Mag. 1849. pu I. «U i lamb'oLifcd 



18 
■19 3 



on, tec. ( ril^nmlrl*« r<l.), i. 74, 21A, ill. | 
4-18, 121 -^S.ti. 225-7, 334 ; Cullier'n Old Man'a 
IlmT-^^ pt. ii. H-IA; Nmh UB'I Qtierluv, Im utr. I 
X 'JrOSfil); WATl«B*Hoo9eornrQmw«.ll.li.48; | 
Hcnni> Lct.[<irHuri<ur(l ftrML-oiisllvlfi, p.27; he'^nh ' 
Uiitii*s Corresp. i. 2S-9. 2.5t' ; Th*rry'e Iteminis- 
eajiffsfof RcBidenco in N. S. Wales. pf>. 331-2; 
E!>MVHuf EUB(Ain(t«r'*od.)<['P- 402-3; LAmb's 
' iu;rB(A!iigf.r%e<!.).iL4-5.44-7,10«.t2l.lW- 
85, 223. 304. sao.J W. P. C. 

FIELD, ETiVkTS WTLKTX3 (IflOl- 

1871), Uw refuniH-riind iuiiBt«-iirania1,>'lili.-«t 

■on nf WilliAta FiHt) [<1-T-1> ^"^ bom at 

Lmuh, uear 'Wnrw-ii-k, on 12 Oct. 1601. lie 

educatM at his father's scIwH)!, ami on 

dMATcli 1821 WM orlkled 1^ lli« linn of 

iTlor A Ilnwd"-. Miilif-il'tm, of Kinft's Hnndi 

Walk, Teuii)lo. For sinie vpare afl*T com- 

ioK to \jMni<in hf Iiv>''l id tht> fntnJlv nf th<> 

juiiwirpartmT. Ilobert Rniicof.rrtilii? iiiflu*'ii«^' 

of irho«« Hn« tnsiei lie nttribitted * murh of 

the plcoiorw * nf hi^ jtubvqucnr life. Eilgar 

Tavior (rf. IWI9). tbt- M-riiur i>arcuer, was not 

mly n iMiltfitor nf (In- tint niuk, but a rv 

maxkahXy uicitmyWAwi} i»!iii>\tiT. .\I Midmel- 

mai* I'-mi, IStJil, Field wan ailmitltHlnttoniev 

nnil Eoliritnr. Ki> Iind ibmii^'htii^of bi-^innm^ 

iiHin)i»>m \Varwic'l(,liiil ri'mnim-din IxNiiIon 

Iho nclvicc of JameJ Tlontli (1796-1680) 

jtunin^ liiH fpUrtw^'lvrk. William 

(1804-18701. 10 form tlic firm n{ 

'rpt! Si FifW. in lireaJ Strwt. Ch™t>- 

n'tin- ICtlw.vHl WM tlicir flrjtt clorlf. 

IS-Vj Tavlnr. wlio was then alon^. took 

liarpc aii'l Fuld into )K«rtni.'r«liiiittilIi him. 

lii> 'ilTw-v of tlir finn wai Iimg in IWford 

loK, iiiV*rwnr(lH iu Lincoln's Inn FU-IJ;*. 

Iti 1840 Ftt'titcnitiKforwnrd iu> an ndvut-atu 

cUanwry irf'^nu. Hi" ' Ob*'rrvBti«ii>i "fu 

jlioilur'artrncled mnrli atlention. In IMl 

n-o <if hi; »iift)ii'»t')<)iii) WFTv carrivtl utit, bv 

If atkiHliou of the cotiti. of cxcfat^iir.r na 

cnuii of i-<|iiit^, and tho apiHiintinenl of; 

vrti QiMil ioniil viw^^linnn-llor*. Th*pn«tr|jy 

|with whicli bf ciiitinii>'d to ymvi bis views 

linil iniicli to An ^rilli llu> pn^iiitf of tbe act 

of 1»43, by wbicli ibn'«in olirbt'and'sivom i 

cliM-ki*' wt'iv nlraliftlii.tl, and tb« path wsa | 

■epeii*-'! forfiirlbrrr imjirovcratnts in thff cffi- , 

■cirticv and ccouoniyofcbDiio-nproevcdinp. i 

In lt*4I Fifld was in commtiincatioii with 

tha buurd uftniilu on tb)> iubjfct of n wind- . 

illgiin lU't fur jnint--tiH'li romiianit-jt, Tb" ! 

set lit llMJ^ KiiliKlanliitllr (•iD)h)<lii''1 ibr* pnr- 

pomila rotilaim.'d ii| n tlnift biU laid heforv 

hr li'inl adriMT of llii> board nf tnd« on 

Yi Apnl IHh'., In- Fifid and his friend lUgge, 

ttU" Imd r'lirmi-rU bifw in bia oMiee. A« 

rorly b« ll»Jlt Fi^ld look up the qutwttnn of 

tuforii) in lb«' xvulcni of b^f-iil rvninncra- 

linn, wivoniiing an aiiralorrm ti^tetn, wiib 

VOL. IVItl. 



\\tf! option of special coiitnict. |[« bad ibs 
BUpport of Lord Luugdule.thcrn miut^rofthit 
rolls, and pre«M-d ttit ntitttvron rnriouH legal 
EOctHtivfl, frivine evidcnre on thp fluhject in 
Jiili' IS-'>I lirforr M conimiltiH' of thi^ llou^e 
of Lords. I^rd Wwthiinr's bill of lB6^»,on 
wbich Fivid 'k*^ consulled, whs not pawed; 
but the act of IH70 gav« effi'ct Xn \\i» vicwa 
80 far OS regards ibv option of contnwt. In 
ISni hn was appointed on a royal cooimiMion 
to report on tlie AceountantrgffnciarBdftpait- 
ment of the court of chancwiT. The acts of 
186d for the conrpniration of th» law ^oartjt 
wcrw laiywiy pnimotvd by biti cxurtions. 1I« 
was wcn-lary to the royal cnnniiasion ap- 
poiiit<>d ill that yvar to pn-parc a plan for rtie 
iit^w courts, and diK^liiied any nnntinvntion 
for his sunicee. 

.\!t a unitarian diMOnlAr, Field woa natu- 
rally iDlen>iiled in ihft d^ririiori.4(intli<- Hfw- 
I^'V and otli«>r cases) which invalidated tbn 
titleofunitarian8toanytriiKtpro|M>rtycr>-at*HL 
before Ibl.'I. iliedaMjof thfir lenrnl loleretiun. 
Field loift^sted thv remedy of an act of par* 
iintUL-nt, und wa.H thv UAiiispriDg of tho H|ri> 
lalioR which secured tbu |>ai»iDg of Iht; Uii— 
iK'Mtvr*' C/luipcLf Act in 1S44; making tbo 
Icgnl lolnralion of unitarian opinion n^tn» 
apiM:tivu; and, in the case of all diasenting 
troMlB nijl in favour of epocific dootrinM, 
Ipjrnlisiniir the usage nf twenty<flv« TMin. 
Ilis co-r<»l>iiionists rai««d a sum of &£KU. itt 
ncknowl.'dirmeiit of Field's unpaid SL-nicw ; 
be applied it towards (he rebuilding of bis 
fathers mreting-houM) at Kendworib. A 
further uD-inorial i>f the pa«>tnff of tin? act. 
was tht* buildinj^of I'Mivtmity iJoll, Uordon 
Stfunnr (opvned lOOet. I^Jf^j.townrds which 
FioldbiinMlfcc'lItwlvd onich money. lu]§47 
be was consulted hv Kol«-rt HiUVrt [i). v.] 
about ft trust whicti hv was pnijmpinf; to 
create, with the aim of Mmrin^ a liiglivr 
; culture in Llie minixtrr of hin dt-nnmination. 
Thn pro virion* of the Inist-dwd (i>>xeculi>d 
19 July) wen> miiinly du'- to Field's ^<igfrr»- 
tions. III? induct*d llibbert to modify hb> 
I orif^nal plan in favour of what hua bocomo 
I practically an endowment for rew«rch, and 
, has nroduc«) (aincn 167H) tlie annilial seriea 
I of Iiibhert Li'Cturut. 

From 1W57 Field pKertM bintM'If in pro- 
I ciinn^a mca«iiruforai>tabltshin^ artistic copy- 
I riphl. Hf worki-il hani for llu" act of 186^, 
though it did not do all hp desirwl. In roply 
to the liianknof lh(.'8ocietyor Artn.he wrol« 
that no labour hn (^oiild ever ^\<f would 
r^y his obliifaliona to nrl and aHiMa. 

Field'* maxim wa#, ' Have one horae, and 
oni' hobby.' The U'lfinniimof hi» lovo for 
art li»> trnced to n Warwiflwhim artiat, Wil- 
liam Kydrr, Early in hie profeasiooal life 



Field 



40« 



Field 



lin iDlroduciKl B (Inm-mir clwi ai rhi; Hsrp 
AUt^y Bchool, «nd laiuflii it imoe b wtmlt. 
ForcBd to nuUente tl \'i-iitiiur by a broken 
Ug, lie Kpent a Inng VEOition in Mki-lcliinff. 
FiT>iD thifl pi-jnod mt wna the porpetunl jny 
of bin lnt*T lift-, lie t«uglil it !■> workint* 
men; rulthiitpd it in the 'cvtiiTersAtinn 
cocicrty ' fnund^ nt 1ii» rvsidearp, S^juire's 
MoDDt, Ilampsiead; and pur(ti«yl it in sitts 
cemre lon^ vacation-i on tlt# Thamn, at 
Mill llouw, C!"»y>, niMr Goring, OxfordUiire. 
His originnl fekctrhpH fll] nuinj' folios He 
(greatly auiflMl Heniy Crabb IUibiii*ou in 
fonning' tbe Flaxtnun i iallory at UniTeraitr 
College, London. In 1^2 he waa a member 
of the oommitlMt of the fine art ii«r4iriit of 
ibe Iiili<rn«lioDal Hxliibjlion. In 1868 hn 
loftk a leadiBs part in framtii); th«> M-hi>nip 
fur Uia S]ad« Sclinul of Art (op<>ni;d 1$71> 
incdonKction wilh UniTprsityCollijjie. Few 
tbin^ gratilind bim mnn^ tban ibc toki>n of 
regard prp«*nl««l to hiin in lff*«3 by hiit artist 
flienda of tho Obi Watcr^olour Sftciely, in 
tlie shape of a portfolio of tlioir original draw- 

rlt'ld's dtaractvr tmpn!t>8c>d evL'n caaiial 
aeqiiaintancM, and accounlMl fur thr w^annth 
and range of bi« frieod^bips. All bin ideaU 
w»Ti' high ; ami bi» pact- nnd force were Ire- 
mpndou.t. Ilifl ronvictinna wcr« strong: 
eqtuillj etronK was bie love of indenendeiice 
in otberA. ' I>o you b^li«TO that aereav u 
tbe salt of the earths ' woa a cliaracurutii; 
queatioD of hi«. A nTtainbluflTueMi of man- 
ner oxpres^C'd tlu- nipidily of bis mind, witb- 
oilt veiling hiK robiut. c^jdm-sii of hi-ar1. 

Hie cud wa» tra^iual. By thn rAp-tutini; 
of a boat on 30 July 1871 hp wiw drnvrniMl in 
rht.' TliamoB, in company with Hwiry I'll- 
wood, hia old clerk, botb good ^wimmitrH. 
Their strength lind bc^-n c-xbauxlnd in mip- 
portiog anotbor clcrli. whi could not ftwim. 
and waa aav«^l. On 4 Aug, be wna buried 
Bt tbo Higlwatfl cemetery, in a rank nf!xt to 
that of bin tripnd Rnhinnnn. He was Iwico 
tnarricd; flntt, in 183(>, to Mary, <lfluglil« 
ofSiitton Sbnrpi', who divd at If^auucigtQO in 
18.11, soon aft^Tthe birlh of licr »ion Rng«iK, 
lULined aAvr tii« ^'at-unrlo, tbe poet ; ao- 
condly, in ISItl, lo Lrtttia, lUngbltr of llo- 
Iwrt Kinder.by whomhehad m-vcncbildn'm 
hi* Kin* Hajiil snil Allen followed thw legnl 
piofeftsion ; Walt<>r d>iV"U'd bimficlf t/i art. 

Field's portraic,by^irJ-)bnWniMnGi>nton, 
waa paintod in IftSJ*, euliGcnlM'! for bv a bun- 
drt-d of bis former cWke and piipih ; it has 
iK-on enrraved. An «dininibl« liki'm.-ut is 
pn-wntwi in a riviT-pii>«> by bU son Walter, 
vi-hich has been reprodiicL-d by pholoRrapby. 
Another ia among the freaoo-ponrail* in 
tbe ilining hall of Univerwtj Ilall, Oortloa 



SquuD'. Tho b(wl portrait of I. 
dmwii bv hi* own bund, in tb« ■• 
'hunilreiirlerkK*in 18oS. 

SiidW giviw a lii^L of ninet(<en "f h!« pnl 
licationn.ofwbieb the following n 
tioned: I, 'Memoir of £<lgar '1 

Sriniftl for I'l Illation fr.ii:i ■ l^.-. 

bsen-i-r.' U - ,").. '-i- * ObM;n-atv./ 

of a Solit-it' ' - in Ibn . . . : 

... of the ! .rirt ' CJH Knb.)^ 

8ro. 5. '111,., . . ,;, ,L„ ..f n Solicit" 
. . .Inability l'ttniu'i>hi|w,* Ac. IHJV 
4. ' Corrvspoiidt'ncv on ibe [.r.-i .■■ -^^j 
botweenGr^at Itritsinandlli 
&c., Boston, Mai^, ISttJ, 8v i , _ 
and O. n. Lacing). 

[Sadler'a Xanorial Skateh. 1872. - Mi 
U«moir of n. Bibbnt, 1H~4. \,. ar, «|. ; (rinj 
de«i'* ijanud Sbarpa, 1^, p. 40 ; pdrala 
mat ion.} 

FIELD. FREPFRTCK <lfl01. 
divine, bom in Lundon 'M July \t 
Ibeaonof Hciirv F'itild '<{. v.j.ouapot 
and farDtbt't of ^iarrun I'ield [t]. v.], cfc 
lice of Gibraltar. He was proud of 
dirvct descendant of OUri-r OmmwfU j 
grandfather, John l-^ie1d (who wn-i al 
apothecary), liavint' marriwl A nnv Croi 
a great-granddaughfirr of ll.--- 
(he lonl deputy of Ireland, 
medical officer ioCliri.<t ^Hur, . 
bo wa* tt'iit when he was only nix ycara q| 
aa a private pupil of the bea<l-aiaBt«r. 
bo remalnvd till ISLO. and ihvn wt^nt 
Trinity ri.ll.-(p-. Cambridgm. In 182^ I 
tenth wmiigler, chanMllor'a c1a»(ical iniw 
lii^t, and TyrwhitiV lli'brrw Kbular, aaj 
18^-1 h« wiu elected fellow of his cnl 
Rompany with T. B. MaL-nulay, Ucur 
den, and 0. li. Airy. Owing iirofaafe 
some degree nf deafueis (which lieE 
in life, and which in hi» Int+T y>«r« I 
aggravau-d m lo make biui avoid all : 
be took no part in the piiblio tuition ^ 
college, though hewasonnminer forthl 
aical tnpo« in ISU3 and ISt7. Hv n-nd'^ 
private) puptU (among whom wa« R Q 
Mauripe), and having Wn ordain*-' i- •*—■•" 
bishop of Lincoln, in I^liH, hi* : ' 
(Vvored himself almot^l «'niirely : 
and putrmticikl iitiidii'*. Ilia nacnr- i* iiiA'pa- 
rably conrnTti^il with Chry.soalooi and Onpm 
Ho tint undertook Chrysoetnm'B h'kniibe* n 
St. Mttttlii-w, which wor** printed i.i,,! ].ijl 
lisbfd at Canibri^Ige in 183» in ihr 
with an iinprovod Greek text, vh 
ingS) and exp1atuior\' noUui. Il^l hh^m) 
afber ceau-d to raftide in ('«uibridgi>, and 
the nert twenlr-foiir vrars combittetlf 
cllisl work wit^ bii; fitfriu-y lalioui 



Field 



405 



Field 



lam in Sitflfilk, (tml iii l'f^-2 he 

FVKS pr u —otgd by his college to the rectory 

lof luepham in Norfitlk. Trit h ■ popiilai ion nf 

Ive or ELx hundred, QQiJ witU mi iucotne of 

TOO/, or ^XU. ptT aiinuoi. liere lie livi'd aa 

^boaoured and iu«fut life for t wanty-uiii! yvan, 

lividing bis lime betweKo h\» UHxlDrnl diitiKA 

flftttpriy villi lh(> nfisbunre dI n ciiniB) and 

rvriounlliooloa:!*!!!] works. Ue^^'uof flUnpIe, 

itexpensivehabiu,aiuluiiiiurnnd;nriddunnf; 

li'iB iu<.-umbencybe eD]arf[i>d and improved tlie 

lionoel nf hw Hiitrcli, ■nd btijlt a octiiwl, 

irhicb vas maintained cbiffly nl Wk ex^'n^., 

trjidf* Wviiif; Imliind liim olhfT nii>iuorifil9 

jfliiii interciit in kis parinh. Tri»clii<-riit'- 

inr work while he was at ICeephnm was hi* 

kcaliiion ot' CliiTMUitom'fi 'Homilies on St. 

[raiiVA r^pidtleis, executed on thn !>amL> plan 

[MS tbe 'Homilies on St. Mnlthew,' and |iut>- 

liflhpd in eeveo voIuniu«. boiwMu ])M9 and 

\mS, in tbe Oxford ' Ubrary of llw Falb.-n<.' 

He next undertook a new I'diiion of the trug- 

menla of Origin'* ' II>-xn{ila.' As he wb» 

well nware that thtJi df-.<ii^ wntild rMiiiire 

[thn whole of hia timw and attention for many 

feuB, he rerigned hin liriiig in IWVl, and 

red to Norwich, where b« coatiaiwd to 

rill \m df-Mh. lli» visii waa to utilise 

aoi embody in MomfaucoaV ixliliuti tlit; liir;^ 

maas of RiatrrinU that hail hnm hn>u(,-Ut to 

iaitice ittipuhlicntion in 1713; especially 

I denvfd from thi- Oxfonl ctlilioit of the 

^ il hv HolmoB and Paraona (17D8- 

r), and t^toMi from thu Syro-liuxaplar 

roratoti, which had been |>art]y publiaht^a in 

firagniciit* by variuu* forcif^ vcholara. Theee 

' two ^hi1^^ fio'uroea of unproTemenc had (a* hfi 

iliini^ir cxprcaaly etsles) been mgociously 

point'"*! out by J. fi. Kiclihnm in his ' Intn>- 

I Siicli'm lo the Old TettUimprnt.' Accurdinjily 

Tin Aii^'iiat I8B4 b>< prinied for [irivalo oircu- 

[lalion a thin Ito pamphlet, entitled 'Otium 

^I>nr\-icenie,'«>otaioing»peciD)eu«orihv kind 

ind amount of aasistoncetob^ expected front 

Ihi.- £>yro-hoxap1ar rcrvion : and hoaleo Ueued 

' Propiwuls' for publishing tht' work by mih- 

X'tipiion, iu flru partj, price I2s. each, with 

pn^miao of lending tJia wcrk to pnias na 

3n a»> two hondnd cojuea wflM sulwerib*^ 

'I'hi' number of »ubacriberR, liowex-er, 

did not by the end of the following ytiar 

amannt to murh more (ban ono baU of what 

waa miuircd, and the whole soheme would 

;irobobi V have hwn abandoned if Dr. Robert 

ritl, tho (.ir>.«ek lei.ic4iffraph«r, had not in- 

' tlw OnlPi.-aleB of tho Onford Clarendon 

rhicli li« wa» ono) to taku upon 

elvi-w ihn coHt at the publiration. Il 

H'as aoeordiiigly tHtiued in pKrl*, and OiUBlied 

16r4,iatwolar^o,hand«om« 4lo volaaiMi 




with 101 pagw of ' Prole^fi^itena ' full of io- 
formatifin n'-speclinjr the different vrrKiona 
and other critical matter, and »(!venty-fiix 
tmtjrcw of au(!tanuiti and indi««. Tb« work, 
if not rumunerativeio tbe dvlegaliM in point 
of money, added much to tbeir reputation 
for judicmus liberality: for it wu at onci> 
recognised aa onn of the moat important o3»- 
tiibtitions to patristic tbeolu^ that bad any- 
wh(.Tu appijnrvd for mort- (hau a cirotury. 
He woa immediately madennLli^Dof ('am- 
hridgv, and an honorary G>Uow of hia college,- 
111© degree of TI.CIj. w«Jt nffrnwl him hv tlw 
univeniiiy of Oxford, but derlined. hecaiiRB 
on ae^-oiint of his agf nnd dwtfnifiM he sbrank 
from rh(^ ni^oi^Mn* formality n{ n personal 
attendance. He had been appointed in 1670 
im original member of the Old TcAramrtnt 
revision compuiT. Hi" sfce and lu» duaf- 
n»«s prevented his ottonding any of their 
m««liu{^, but hi> (XHMtantl^ wut writlcm 
notea and BUgg>%st!on<i, and in this way was 
ono of thur mo«t useful colluo^M. He lived 
loaea tha work practically SnuAml,bHt di«d 
10 April 1886, n few woelu before it wm 
publiMtrd. 

At the end of the preface to his ' Orij^n ' 
be gives n short acruuut of bis lifo and la- 
bour^ written with dignitiMl fiimplioily, and 
without any word of complaint at having 
been poMed over in th« distribution of cccle- 
uaNtical hoiioura. He neaki of binwelf as 
hotdiug firmly tbe catboGc fiutb as set forth 
by ihv n.-form'ed church of England ; as hav- 
iiigavoidMl the errors bothof(MHcallMl) avan- 

Klicals, and of rat ionalt^ts, and (which isthe 
tt ulcer) of rilititliHtK and romanixiT* (i'tr- 
pizantiiint); and of having d'^votfd hia life 
lo Htudy withuut patronage, gain, or honour; 
and as n'ndy. Bl>ovt< all thingn, in his old aga 
to aaxifll youngeratwlMitd. In his o«-n line 
of Ivarning he woa certainly not sarpasaed 
by any fcltotar of hi* age: and it was by a 
btti>py p)int!ie thnt the Bishop of Lincoln 
( Onristopher Wordsworth) dcai^atcd htm 
a» ' ibo .f«mm4 of the Anglican church.' 
The unusual combination of (ireek with 
orieatul Behulafship made hja opinion sp*v 
cially valuable. It ia only due to his me- 
morvlo state that 'bis estimate of the claims 
iif tn* nTi««l veninn [of the Nhw Tosta- 
mont] HA aiming to take the iilnK> of the 
aulboriaed version was decidedly unfavoor- 
ablv : ' bin nbj^ictions bi>ing gmnndrd partlr 
on tho great number of needleaa TerhlU ti- 
tcrationa, and partly on tha reeoiietructioa 
of tba <lreek text ny too exclusively rely- 
ing on the 'ancieul aulboritiea,' without 
suncieniljr taking into conaidrntiun in each 
CBM* the internal fvidtmeooflhe gcHid xmnsii 
and propriety of I be paaaage itanlf.' l>n thia 

npU 



'lel 



404 



Fiel 



«alri«rt ha printod for private circulation 
<ie8l) ' A lietUir to Hie H<-t. I'liilip ScIiftU; 
II.I)., Pnaldeot of the AtDiiriuB CommUtee 
on IteviaiaD-' 

Fiolfl oolIeMi^ a vcrv ^nluablo lilirary of 
books coDaected with luMirul, claoiirx), Hiid 
fieaeml liUTOtiirp, wliicli were anlil tiy auc- 
tion »l >iorwich for « v*ry iiu<lo<|Huti,' num. 
It i» bL'lk^TP4) tliAt he lr-f\. tttrhind luin no 
tnaDUM?npt« of iinpnrtano?. A bm^ ulilft | 
to hii iiiemon- waa ]>u( up by hi;" "uly "iir- , 
vivinu sistorin I^'^1>hftm rimrdi.aint anothHf j 
in ibc i-bap>>l «f TnuilT rolleifv, C*inl»riJ|i't' ; , 
tbi- Liii in inscription on Ibc latter wag writU'-n 
Ity tbu maitttT, l>r. William II. Tbompwin. | 

Field's other works (printed at bi« oirn . 
r.i[]H!ii9e Imt ti<>t publiiJii-d) w«r« * volume j 
of thirty-4wn)tiTmoi!s, 1878; a second part 
of tb<* ''(Hiura NarvictiBsi.',' 1870, Duntaiuing 
critical nbwnntion* on iioiiie of I be words 
in Dr. TaTm- Smiili's 'Theraurus Svriociu;' 
■nd alliird part, I««],conliiinitin 'Notwion 
Select PaMogca of the firt-ok Teatammt, 
obieflv with ri'forcuoe to rwent English Vi-r- 
siofu.^ Allofthi^eart- fuvonmblf ripecimenn 
of bis leaniiaff iind critical acuaien, eren if 
thi-y am not all equally convincing ; hat one 
dt-itfrM^ iMpwJttl notioc, Hu datuis 10 Itave 
heea the firet penoa to r«riYe (in !t^!I9) the 
ftncivnt i-cplanation of tht- troft rpadinE in St. 
Murh'rt (Joepel, vii. IS.itofltiptfBii' f<'r >a^a/iifov, 
wbith, ttftnr Teniniiiiiig nlmost unrniiwid for 
about forty years, wns adopted without «vca 
liny inargiuai varijition in llic reviftcid TifirHian 
ofl^f*!. Thi* third pan of the' OtiumNor- 
vic«ii«i ' la about lo V pubUahed rfiortly at 
the Oxford Clnrrndon Prew. He edited for 
the Chrimiiin Kiiow1.Ji[b Society Barrow's 
'Trtinliw-OD tbi! I'op'a Supremacy,' IfVil ; a 
r.rc^k I'salUir, IS-i" ; iind the iiepiuajjint, 
J879, not « criticji! edition, nor on bia own 
plan, but A revision of Gmbc'a ti;j(l,wiib the 
order of tho booliD diHti^l in accArdvicc 
with tbo English RibU, and with the opocry- 
phal b>xika »eparntod from iho canonical. 

[Aalot'iop:niphyinl'r6fBCCto Origen; K. RiUe- 
mun in tfie l-^t^rn D»\ij l'r*a>. iS April 1 88A ; 
W. AUlia WriRlit in tha Cambrida* E^riaw. 
8 May I8SA; ptirate information.] W. A. G. 

FTJSLD, FREPEKICK ayiO-181W). 
«hemi«t, bom in Ijombeth on S Aug. I8t!ti, 
VM tlie second eou, by tu« tocoud wiAr, of 
Charlei Field, of the firm of J. (T. & J. Fttihl, 
ctuidlfwnftBU&<!tuTera,&e. Educstt'd it Den- 
mark ICll KTunmor sohool and nt Mr. Ixtnif's 
•chool at Stochwell (where he Tran n whool* 
fellow of Frolessor OdUu|{), I^eld showed 
■11 Ktrongft liking forcbetoiatrrthat oa leav- 
ini; school in 1S43 he was placed in the 
Uhoratory of the Polyteclmic Ijiatitutiou, 



then o.^rultictrHl bv Dr. Ky&u. On Imvii 
the Polytw-hnic, tVld rnierwl into nartt 
sbip with a chomisl nomt'd Mitnhcll b« 
oaaayeraiid niruultlitg chuuiiHt, but tiac~ 
the need of fiirthcr tnuning fipent r*or 
iMiiatudunl iind"rl>r. Ilofl'iniinninlhiil 
f 'iilli^fl of Obeinijtri in I titfonl Stre^I. 

Fii'ld was one "f thi- oripinat m*?m'»^ of 
Ihit r_!)i«'Uiic*l Soci<-iy of l>i' 
lr^6, and h^ raod hi<< lint {< 
cielT in ibe following Tear ^M''"'.'\ri 
.'jo.-.'iii. 401 II). In 16W be accept 
jKnt of vheniisi lo MHne c^pvri^melt i 
fti C-iquimbo in Obili. Soun; accauull 
work Ihvra ts coutaiat-d lu h>» puptMS] 
' JouniAl of ihr I'hi^mical S("-i.ty ' fo 
• On tbo ExaminatioD of n>ine Sin 
Coppi'r-«iii'llinpFiini!ii>iii,'nn(i'(>ntli*l 
nf Ilie (^t iLi-plont,' from which lartrfli| 
titles of cjirlmnat* of eola were ol; 
iNfll Fiehl de«criho«l A nniural alloy 1 
and copper, wliicb had the nppea 
neorty pure ailvcr. and ahto discot'CT 
■ certain ore which occurred in huij^j 
liLiea near Crtiuimbii wiw in rvaltt] 
lapiii lazuli, thu first found in South Al 

In itVi'2 Fi«ld wnjt apuointwl u» ^, 
his compAnT'a works ar Calde-ni, a new \ 
to the north of Coquimbo. II<<foru lueuatc 
tbi* position lie vi- ' :' '-I 
a sist«t of (Sir) I 

Cald«ra in 18M, "i wiinn ii- w.i' 
pointed vice-cotuuL Th«poet involv 
reAponfiihilitiea in a land ttuhjt.'Ct to 
tions. During ihu Hu>»mn war Field at 
nclud as the rajtreaeatatita of Franco in tbri 
difitricL. 

In 18Q0 Fivid b«c»ma chutnint and aiih- 
ijianagi^r lo the Mneirmg works then eAo- 
blished by Jk'tior L'rntL'n-.'ta at Uuayac 
whicb have oino3 b«OArnp oni^ of tbi? bir 
copper-ometling wnrlis in the world. In 11 
n revolHtion broke out in Ubtli. I'r^M 
hi« wife and fomily lo England, Vni hit 
rvmained and succwKled in ]■■ 
tablisbm(!nt from injur)', fn ' fl 

he tioally quitti.'d (Jhili for l',jL;cliiini 
after bia arrival in London he woj aiiT>nnt4 
lecturer on cheniuitr\' to Hi. Miirj''e ILuiptti 
(18*iO), iind iu 1802 became proft?4»orof eli 
roiatry in the London Inftitution. In tl 
SRUin yi»r hr waa npp«Hnrr-il rlivmisl lo ll 
imilints colour works of Simpeun. Manir, I 
Nicholaoo, a post which be Wd lill 1h(] 
when Im> brtcanic n partnor in the old limi 
hiiifamily— Messrs. J. CV J. Field — in whif 
he r«niainc<l and of which Ut was msE 
partner at tht« timo of hi* d'-ath. In 1! 
rVld'a health bi^an U> fail, and aflcr a la| 
illness h-^ ditwl on 3 Apnt 1886, 

Fivld wrote forlylLix-e papcfi OB 



Field 



•(OS 



Field 



I 



tifie ntgeclft for vftriotu perioilicmle.in nddi- 
lion to one wrUtfii in conjiinrtion willi liU 
brntlii'r-m-Ui^, Sir !■'. A. Abel, .\iiioag tlieni 
ur : '()u tliB Solvenl I'ower ciL-n'ia^Kl l)v 
llvpobtilpliiU' of iy^dm on iiuti%' 8iilu in- 
«j1hIiI« iiiWsiiT' (' Jrturn.C'hMn.tioc.' IWJ;)) : 
*Ou tlti> Solubility of ihi- Hh1<v<^'D ■'^iilt'' "f 
Sil W i n •xTlatn S»lut ioii* ' ( ■ ('ii«mi(-it] Svv.*,' 
ISfil I; 'Ou il»* Existt-no! of Silver in iS*a- 
wftter' (' I'roc o{ ttif Kuy^ Swc.' vol. viii. 
IKWl-") ; ' Artificial Knriniilion of Alacam- 
iie^'Kevue I'nivnrsL'Ue,' IfeiiQ): on 'Liid- 
Umtl^t n nt-w Mtni^riil ; ' naA on ' Tiif CJiTiivd 
Ilisiribuiiofl of ni>«niutli in Coiiiier Mintimb ' 
('Joiirn.C%eai.Soc.' 1^2). 

ijoorn. Chom. 8oc. 1886, zlix. 347 : X&tnK, 
tiril 188J ; Knnl Soei*ty*« C^ nf HcivntiSc 
l^Iwn.lWS.1 W.J.H. 

FIELD, OKOnOE {\7"?-1So4), cho- 
tnist, wu Ivrn hi or about 1777 ni Berk- 
bunptUvil, llerli'ordsbire, of a fsmily long 
wlLlrd in tliMt iDWu, and wtut oJuvated' at Si. 
PplcrV fi-hfwl thi-n-. Wtwu about eigiitecn 
of nro be cniDt> to London lo Mt-k n pro- 
Jlii 1.liiiii|(h( lin luiw an ii|ifittiig in 
tfnl flpplii'iiiion of (■hemicirT to jiip- 
lenU and dyvs. War ou thi* continenl, Gv 
[•fitng' the supply of iiin')di>rfmm llnllantl, 
bnntviiMl to unpede hie pronreM. This ol>- 
ktacle, however, Iwl liim to conniiJiii" th<^ n»- 
ofilBruhivstiuUiUidn'ithHn'iJ'll-denw.'d 
ojvcl \>- waiii^ on Sir .l<>M-nli I^nk* for bis 
Ivioe, KDcl) ftfl ho hoi'it], liitt co-opernlion. 
. r .UoMipb, aftt-T uiutuvwifully tttlecnplin)^ 
o rultivftto nuddfrr in Es^vx, tuid mmAv up 
ii' mind that it C'Ould notl>t<dtln^in^lIlfl;laltll. 
^eld lti>in oommflnced the cultivation in tii« 
uwngirdcn.aud&auirootBof bit:(>wn|/r>jwt1i 
rfocliu'^d iHwulifiil H)KciRii-iui iif culoiiring 
niMl4>r. A onnlrivano>, Ixttli meclianical and 
chpinirni, n~aa slill want^l to nvluiti iht* 
liquor to it« finntt conM«t«nrf. Ilis iiivi>n- 
ion of tbo 'pbyfetf^r' or nereclntor by at- 
nojipliiTic pifMun- Admirably nccompli^liivl 
urpoM. Uf eibibilH hi* percolator, 
iiT witli an improved drying stove and 
Wfjiv ibt' Soriiriy of .\rtii, and wna 
awanlt-il thi'iriiotdlsiiinndalin I^ICTorliLs 
appaniiu.^forpTOpiaringPoIoun<d lakit.' llotli 
apparmtiiK an* lieiin-il and dt-wrnlinl by bini in 
tfip KM.'ii-ly^'i ' rmnBuctliiim,' ssxiv. S7-BI. 
Oddiv enuufcb the p^'rcolalor wu« piiii'iitrd 
by olliem Bt-iOfttl Vi-rtr* al^^, ami uppliM to 
thf cb-ariitK "f "iiBBr. Fit*bl (Miilinui-d liU 
a]>plii*'iii<iii i>f «i iiiif* to tbi- pnrpf**-* of thi- 
ftniot uii!iK'X)^i 'iV't-t ; tiUdcxu-nty and carp 
in liir piTiLirat Iiiti 111 (tvlif'ntr rtilour* art all 
rompftition at di-linrc". AmonfT bis Otb»r 
invrntiiin»iiinv I*-nviiiirnn-,J hti m^'tnicbrome 
ftDtl hi» coaioai 1«umw, wlii^^li |m>duc««l a con- 



tinnous rainbow with varied eflecta of r«fmc- 
tions. Kicld diM at Syon Hill Park Cottagts 
islevonb, Middlci^jc, on I'ti S«pl. l^M.agtKi 
77. lie bequeathed lu the Itoynl Instilule 
of Brilit<li Arehil<jct» <fix arcliiti'x:l iirnl draw- 
ing* bv J. ]j. itouii ; to tL*? ilanwell l.uiuttic 
Asylum 'The Maniao.' by R. Dawes, H.A.; 
wliil« to till- liliraiT of l^mdou l.'uivi-n«ity In* 
(fftvfi a portniii of Dr. William Harvey, by 
Mirt'velt (Gent. Miff, new eer. xlii. AM). 

KtrtldV n>puLat»'>n as anautlmr rvnld on hiit 
' rhmmato^pby ; or, a Troaline on Coloun 
and ['iifiii<>nt(i, and of iheir Powers in Paint- 
inir,' &c., iln, I^ondon, IKAR, of whicli a new 
edit ion,' revised, re written, and brought down 
to the prewnt limt,* byT. W, Sftlt«r, atipt^nrffd 
in 1869, Atid a third,' ' niodenii-«ed ' by J. S. 
T»rlor on 111* basis of liter's revision, in 
183{i. AnotLiT vKliubloproreesioaiil tn.«tisv» 
bi» 'Kuiliinriitft of the Winter's Art ; or, a 
Gramtnar olL'olourinjj.' ll^ino, Londuu, ISSO, 
was ' n-Ti»«l and in jiart n'writt^n' bv K. 
Midler, in 1870, and affaiu in 1875 fay £. A. 
Da^~idfion, who ha« aodod ei-ctions on nunt' 
inff in fvpia, wnter-colouni, and oils. Field'n 
otiier writings are: 1. ' Tptroytt/to ; or, A 
brii'f Outline of |Im> rnireraal Syat«m,' in 
vol. ix. of 'Tin- Paniphleleer,' 8to, Lradon, 
IHl^l-Ltt ; ;tn) edit., Hvu, London, 1816. 
i. ' Aiaitxa. T\w third O^fonou att«inMvd ; 
■>r, IClxrottula of Ijogic and iSubjedive Philt^ 
HophT," in vol. xii. of iho fiam<<. S. 'TLtt 
Analonyoftln' Pbywt-Jil Hci*-nc«-" indicatud," 
in vol. XT. of tlifi same. 4. * .Esthetics; or^ 
the Analotry nf th« Stmsible Scipaoea indi- 
rdii-il.willt an anjwndix on lif;hi and coloun,* 
in vol. xvii. <if ihv nine. ^.'Elbics; or, thir 
Ana!og^- of tIm- Mnml Scii-ncw indiMtcd,' ia 
\o\. xxiii. of the name. W > (>utlit»Nt of Ana- 
logical Philowphy, Wing a primary view of 
the piiucipl>«, n'talions, ntid purpotee of Xa- 
tun*, Sctpucv, and Art,' 'J vols, ctvo, Loudon. 
I WW. 

[Builder, citeil in Gent, Uae, mw aar. alii. 
:,H~&. Unt. >hiv Vm\.\ 0. 0. 

FIELD, lli:XltY (i7.V>-lW7\ apothe- 
cary, dv«ci'nd<-d fttiw a family #viitL<d (or sev^^ 
ral fteneral tona at Cockeahoe, llertfonUhire. 
bom ou 20 Sept. 17G&, was tho eldvct sou of 
.fiihn Fii'lil, an aputhncary in extf-nsivc prac— 
tir«> in Nfwgjiie Str»«!l, London, by his wifp, 
Anne.dsinjbtft of Tbonms Cromwell, gtocflr, 
wh<> wah a t;raud>tou of Henry Cromwell, 
lord deputy nf Ireland, younger aon of thv 
Prott-ictor. Ilr succeeded his father in hU 
profusion, and in I>fl7 was elwt<."d apotbe- 
rnrv tof.'linrtl'* Hospital, a [*.u\ which he nin- 
tinuMl to fill until within adwrt (im>- of hia 
<lmlli. .\i a memlwr nf the NtX'iety uf Ap<w 
Ibecariea be |irctioat«i) it4 inteivatonj giving. 



Field 



406 



Field 



ineoojunction villi .IuhcjiIi Unrlnrk. ifnlui- 
totu rriitr»M« nf li^ot iin-K uti tn»Ui\» oiMlirA *t 
their liall to th<> anpretiticpji atid Mudenla, 
niiich riMultiMl in tlic regular eetsbluihiniMit 
of lvctun-.<i \vf the socielv; and in Itltii, by 
his exertions towardK ootailUDg Una act of 
ptirliutni-til which enforced an cficutnt cx> 
aoiinHi Ml into the educolioa and profeeaional 
atUinmentsof evfrycnndidfttefotprnctisinjr 
s« an apothivarr in Kngland nnd Walcn. He 
abo fiUrd for a long period tbv oHicv nf de- 
puty-treafltm-T, and laM^tly of treMurer, of 
that branch of thv ufTitini of the SoeioCy of 
A[>otherariiwnhg;inKllvtni>titut<virortl>i-«ii|r- 
ply of thv metnben of thtiir OK-n body with 
Ip^Bnin^drugaand mptlirinp*, bill, which till >• 
Ditalv extendwl tn ih« serrioe of tbr> nan-, 
tiia Laft Indin t'omnany, and th« public 
geaeralty. In 1)^31 I'leld'woa nominated by 
Sir Ileorr llalford.on (liepartof tb»^neral 
boardof hcahh.asont! of tuu medical otfic^re 
attacbiKl to the city ofLundoii U^unl of hi.-alt)i 
for the adoption nf procautiouft against the 
tkreatoned visitation of tha cholera to ib>j 
mntropolis. In cnmmon with hi* c<>llfii)fiirj| 
field sfti-rwards n!C«Ti>d the tbanh^t of llip 
oorpoiatiun and pioci' of platv. llvnii'^nl^o 
for many yenw thf tr^'BfluniT of the Ti'iitdon 
AaouitrSocivly for the betiefit of th« n-idons 
of npothecarifi*', in Ohntham Plaoc. IlWk- 
Ariais, of which iD&tilutioR his father wiim tbi* 
founder in litio. Field died st Wo'tdfcvd, 
Ea»ex,onl»D(sr. 1837. Humnnivd, L>St-pt. 
I7B+, EathiT, dnuiiihler of John Bntron of 
Wuolticm Iloufbc, near D«ptford, and by ibis 
lady, who ili«! HI Jan. !8?U, hr left «is non* 
fSt-U FlELB, BAKKON.aadFlKIJI, FREOKRirK, 
1801- 188ri] and Iwo'luochtvrs. His portrait, 
by J't(>k«!rH^ill, i» nt. A|>rithi?>ri«riK» tlnll ; 
anolhiT, by Suimt'l Imiw, wna painiM for 
II11' l^undon Annuity Society. Besides oun- 
tribiiting Hrari<(i-«innal TTmarke Co im^icaL 
jaiiraals, Field »-mtt> ' MvmcHra, hi«torical 
and illustraltvp, of the Botantck Garden at 
Chelsea, helnnsiittf to th« Sociflv of Apo- 
Ihecaries of I^ndoiu' Hto, London, lH:iO, 
vhicb WM pntit4!d at the ozpenso of the so- 
ctctj,towhottt llm man linen]) t. Iind htn-n (int- 
sontcd. A Offvr edition nf this iatrn^Hiin)* 
little work, 'rt^vined.t-orrvot e<J. and M)ntiniieiil 
to the jMvwnt liin« by K. H. Sompli*.' was 
iiSUi^ 10 l1<iS. riiK introductory addre^, 
do-livomd on II Feb. 1835 at the first of the 
society'v evening nxx-tuigv for ^cicnlitlc put^ 
pnsea, waa alao printed by tiia colleagUMi. 
[OBat.3IaK. Dcw acr. ix. 212-13.3 ^-0. 

FIELD, ]IENUV W\nrt (U1>7-IH4(H. 
pianiBt. bom at Miitb on 11 Iks:. I Tffi, wtui t Iit> 
Bon of tniouia." Fii^Id, fur many yean the nr- 
ganist at bath Abbey, by hia vrib, Mary 



Hamiy,whn died ln.TuneIdl5. Tbc&iher 
diml 21 fVc. 1881. Henry wm thi vldwt 
a family of snren rhildren. FIc was rdii 
cutvl iiT9i at Qqldstoclc'e BCadetnr, nnd mfit 
warrU at th^ Bath fframmar sctcvd. At 
very early age he ahowtid hu aptitude ta 
miuic. He waa tanght by hi* ladu^, 
oAerwonU by Juum Jlorru Cooinb-, ' 
pinistiif Chippcnhon. In '. 
jtut ton years of agp, ho p'-r 
Hnt tim« in |mblii*, m a dui>r wtl.li in* I 
Un Id June 18:!0 hr divided tha hone 
a diH>t with J-]hann Uummel. in their 
formano- of tbiil. ciimponer'ti anind -"Ttntu 
(suvn: 92. He was a singtilar'v 
exMutant., and trrvstly ««teemt«<l : 
hia caropj* aa a iniHtral in.^urtor il<.- "va 
very popular in lii« native citv.and gvneral 
known us * Field of Rath.' TIo was a , 
•oholar in French, Imlian, Hpuniiih, and G<9^] 
man. Whiloprofca'tonaltTm alt«ndaB 
(••ach^T of mu»ie ai I'rior t^trk (.'olltgii,j 
in l*s;t5 was coaverted to Catholicism "_ 
lifv. l)r. Gontili. Ho waa fbnnally n?ceiv< 
into thai chnrch by Itiahnp Bainwn duril 
winter nf that r>>ar. He jtave hia laal 
crt, in itMovialion with hfit sister, Mn.1 
Tille IVnIey. .in l;t Mnv ISW, in lh« 
^Vs»^mUy liooms. Whife in tho act ofpUji 
ing Wallace's ' Cracovieuue " he waa fluddeni 
Struck down tiy a paralytic Bi>i«nr<>>. llu T 
on ID Mar \siti, aged 50, at (he houiw < 
brothvr (n?dnricli, the su^-ou, in Xor^ 
berlund 1tuiMing«. 

(InrDrmntiuii fittm Heniy Fi«ld'» aieov. Mr 
tAiiadowBo,- Bath Umdd, 24 Viiv IKifl.- lUil 
aad CheltMhaia Qazutt*, 21 Hay ittm ; A\U* 
DBuin. 27 Hay I84S. p. fi40 ; Ocnl. 
ficr. xxx. 107 ; Gr^vc'i Otaionary of Uu 
Uasiciana. i. SI9; Rev. Jaaiw Shapbat 
iniDisccmcoo of Prior I'ark Colltga, 1884, p. f.^l 

FIELD or FEILD. JOHN 1 I5i':.;'-I.W7) 

' prot,<i-C"<ipenii(rnn ' of England, wa* ^»tm, 1 
is fluppoM'il, at .\ni«I>'y, iHthiJ West Ilidii 
of Yorkfthire, betwen 15'20 and lo-MI, llj 
rfraived a liU.-rnI I'dticattoa, and Mr. JoKpt 
Hiiiiler, hii d<sscendaiit, conj<'ctur»» 
part of it wa*; gained under the patroB 
Aliin-d t^itnvn, jirinr of Kl. l>swHld'a,< 
which houae thi' ctdl nf Woodkirk, near t 
lay, dnpended. Anthony k Wo'il 
that he .Mndiod at Oxford. 

lie published: I. ' Kphoraeria aiuu ISO 
rorTenitajuxtaCo|>eniicittt l'oinbold)catto«r 
. . . ]Mrr J, Fcild ... ad Mi-ridianuiu Uindij 
nentmoi . . . auppiitata. Adii '' 
Btula J. Dee, (jiia vuI|^tvh i 
dntn liciort^ n-prehftidil,' Loii . .. 
2. 'EphsiDi^rides tHiun annorum, an. loTjflj 
G9 «t 00 , . . ex Enumi Hvinoldi 



Field 



4o^ 



Field 



occoratiMitnt^ If) Mcridianuu Oivitntu l^oo* 

Idinensift mippuiata;,' Londou. ib5Ji, 4tQ. To 
tlie lalCt^r w^rlf I hi:- following ur« wlik-d : 
'Ouoa AMiL'Diioiiuia Ubliijiunuu cujusvU 
«toUi» BOn excedeotiti H ffradtu L«liludinia 
tfnnfectiu/ and ' Tiibiilii stoUarum FIxu-iuu 
4n»iit»>ir>rHto,' .Vi-. Tlmat* workA wure llie 
finit in l-^uflund in which the prineii^s of 
ftbe CopfiFiucan philoiiupbj vrore RcagniBcd 
And K)M>.<rt«>d, 
Bf lived in London at tlie date of his first 
* liyhvment' and Hti}>t>nr», from a rwinnrk in a 
muiaMript in the lAmWth Librnr}', to have 
beea a public iiutruct^jr in science. On 
4 Hept. [6&8 he recoircd a confirmation of 
anus uud the gnnl of ■ crvsl o]lu»ive to liis 

tAttAiumenl« in aatronntnicAl .tciont-o, vix. the 
dcrice of b r«l arm i^t^uiu^ frjui lli^ duuds 
moA ])n»wtnttii|{ a |{old>Mi iirrerv. 

lie uiarripd.abouL lAtX), Jane,daui;iiti-ruf 

John Amya*,n Kunti^liKt-nllcman, (Uiil.winui 

,tim« bctwt^n tbnt daie. and 1577, Rt'ttled 

[down Hi AnlBl«y, nh^ro 1)«> continued till his 

Mlcath, hi* position b<^'ing that of a (rontlemaa 

llield in i^MUi umoitr itie beltvr class oflua 

[n«if;M)Oun. In thu VorkahireTiailAtion of 

I lnt*Ji hu rucurdcd htH anuH and creel and tho 

luaniiMi of hi* ^vifo and nine childron. Jn his 

Iwill, dal*^] 2ft Dk. 1586, ho deecribus him- 

ftlf an It ' fi'nncr Bomctvuii' H(iid<>nt lu the 

I raatlkvinnthii-ke sriimrp*.' He dii'd soon aft«p 

date of this will, IhM ndniini»lrat»uu of 

'liiA Mtati- Itfine ^nntt>d to hb vidov on 

May IW7. ilia library wwwd into tho 

baiidfi of William Coley of \ort(, who aftor- 

wards reiiiruid it to tho family, 

[Joseph nuntcr'* Oeii> Sylrntriua, 1846, 

rp. 77'Ki>; WiMhl's Aibenie Oxon. ed. Bliss, 

t. 300; lilwnr'a Tintlatkiii of YuTk»hir«. «1. 

;F<j!i(*r, 19(5. i>. 317 ; Koaler't York. IVIimca, 

r«» KiLlinc. 11*74: BiiL Uua. Cm. of Early 

iJoJt*, i. £81] C. W. .S. 




JOTIX (1782-1887). compoaet, 
wu tb« Aon of a riolini^t nrnployi'd in a 
^^thwitre in Hublin, wlnfrr h<> was bum on 
^K^H July 17H1'. Iltg cnndfstlier.Mi orgsniHl, 
^Blaugbl him the rudimenta of oiustc. UU 
^■faLhi^r nod in^ndfother wnv di^tt^rmintHl to 
^( BuUc au inJaut prodi);y of him, and so {{reat 
~ w»re the bardjihipa heerpcrienccd in tht pro- 
em, thai he luad* an aUiriivo attempt to 
run away (rota homt*. This must have betn 
at an estn'mrlT urly age, for hu waa only 
Iwlvu yeans old w)u-n he madi' hin tirst ap- 
peorancrj a> n Ijnndnniifrfnrmor. Uis fatliirr 
Ba<l ]iTOcuivd an enpi^nivut at Hath and »ub- 
««}ueHtlyAl; tfati Jlaymarlict Thenti^ti and, 
appart'ntly toon aftiT bis arriTnl m Ixindon, 
Itio boy wiu pincnl iindTL'lcmvnti'* tmiiiiu, 
fwrbaiu aJt nii anicled pupil, lu 171>-I or 



l?fl6 ho played at a public concert, appear- 
in|{ in conc>enos by Uuwek and Clenienti. 
Ife vtA »iv«Tt>M<i as buing only c«n yaare 
of age. In 1 799 be performed a concerto of 
hi* own composition at a <.T>ncert j^vea ibr 
the hi»)ctit of tho youngpf Pinto, and eenin 
at a concert iif ilir Ni-w Mu><ii:ttl Fund. This 
cuucortoattainedconsidcmblijpopulBrity.aad 
bo was vngagird to play it at. a concert >[iTt)n 
at Covent. Oarden Th«itre on 'M Fel*. 1801, 
whcu JUosart's ■ Requiem ' and nandel's 
' L'AU^^' wer» also ^veo. The • Morning 
Post' Ota day or turo after the eoncertculled 
him (wrongly, of course) ' the lute iiupil of 
Clt>menti,'and hia concerto ■ the coiubnted 
one cumposed by himwl/,' Parke, in hia 
• Mlt»ical Mcmoira.' is Iwa tlnttxrinK: 'Mr. 
Field (jiupil orC'U-mi>Dli) played a cnnwrto 
on t ha pianoforte, which won morv remarkable 
for rupKlity than expression ; ' but I'arkc aim 
calls Muzurt'it ' U»iiii>-ni' 'a composiiion of 
, iutinitp science anil duliit-An.' In ItKfi Cle- 
tui-jiti t<wk him, by way of I'nrirtniiil Vivnna, 
toSt.r.r(«'rflhiir>:,whf-r»-ClcinH'nti catabliiihed 
a branch of hispianofono bu>inc^,and where 
l-'ield iras oppronticiil t« him as a Ha1>*iunaR, 
whose dutieii cou^t^tod larg^dyin showinjroft' 
thE>pianofan:^Loinf«ndiD^-p'inTha>rrH. TUo 
itatttnent, eonimonly made, that be Wl l>een 
apprenticed (» the linn i-j)tnblisli«Kl by Cle- 
mcnti in London, t urns ont to be unmipporled. 
A I. the cotKir.tt» jjivvu by tho tnaaler and 
pnjol Field ■was rt'ceivwl with great farour. 
Allhncigh thi> KiiAsiau tour was ao Huucrw- 
ftil, the avarice ■whioh was Ibe chief delect 
of dementi's chamclor showtrd it«rlf in hia 
tn-atnient of Firld, who waa at one tiuw 
nearly perished with cold for ii\-snt of prnper 
clothing. In DM-i-mbtT 1^2 Spohr was 
taken by Clcmenti to bear field play in hia 
warehouse. lie giro in hia antobiwraphy 
n graphic account of llie awkward Enf^lish 
youtb, knowing no lan^age but bin own, 
and grown out n{ his clothes to such an ex* 
teut that when he rat down to play his arnta 
went bam n<mrly lo tlie elbowa. His gro- 
tei^qiie spin-amncc woa coinpletely forgotten 
when ht» betiran to play. Tnen, ainyi ^pohr, 
■man war nur fin Ohrt' Field bad made 
enough of a position by IdOl lu warrant bis 
steyiiig in Uuiwia after'rieuenti had Irft the 
country. In thai yvarbegavea conix-n with 
Madanir! Mam in Ht. I'titeraburg, and for 
Hoin>.< year* aflcrthia he had conlinuii) iiuiw 
evMsnxatwchi-r. In lK|2anil W'JH he vLaiii>d 
Moscow and was wi-U rwvivwl. His miiHc, 
with ihnt of HutDmeland Itotiaiui, in ii|>okon 
of o.^ ' the rage ' in 8t. IVlersburg. At M>mo 
time between iHlfl and 1H:>S he oellled in 
.MiiMiiw. In the lattrr ve*r be fonned tho 
iuteation of returning lo^ngbind, but abon* 






Field 



40S 



Field 



doned it, probably on the occuion of his mar- 
riage witQ a Mile. Charpentier, from whom 
be waa booq afterwards separated. A son, 
the issue of the marriage, subsequently sang 
at the opera at St. Petersburg, under the name 
of Leonoff. In 1831 a report of Field's death 
was circulated, and it was contradicted in 
the ' Harmonicon ' for that year (p. 167). Hia 
' love of retirement ' is alluded to; hopes are 
held out of his ultimately resolving to journey 
westward. In 1832 he came to England, and 
on 29 March he attended dementis funeral; 
on 27 Feb. he played his concerto in E flat 
at the Philharmonic Society's concert ; he 
shortly afterwards went to Paris. It is not 
impossible that the article on ' The Present 
State of Music in St. Petersburg,' inserted 
in the ' Harmonicon ' for 1832, p. 56, may 
have been written by Field. In the follow- 
ing year he made his way, through llelgium 
and Switserland, to Italy, where he was less 
successful. It is difficult to separate cause 
from effect, but it is certain that simul- 
taneously with this reverse of fortune, habits 
of laziness and intemperance increased upon 
him, and fornine months he lay in a hospital 
in Naples. He suffered from fistula, which 
was aggravated by his intemperance. A 
Russian family named Raemanow pitied him, 
and took him back to Moscow, On the way 
they visiti'd Vienna, where his pinying, espe- 
cially of his own ' Xocturnos,' wus greatly 
admired. Soon after his arrival in Moscow, 
on 11 Jan. 1837, he died. 

Ilia'Noeturnea' — there are twenty wnrks 
usually, though probably wrongly, so desig- 
nated — and some of his seven conct'rtos have 
an individuality and charm which can never 
lose its freshness. Ilia music is romantic in 
a very high degree, and there can be no 
doubt that Chopin's ' Noclumes ' owe much 
both of their form and 8i)irit to Field, As 
a criticism of the chararter of his works, 
Liszt's introduction to his edition of the 
'Nocturnes ' (8chuborth) may be consulted, 
though for all biogrnphieal purposes it is 
worthless. Besides the works mentioned 
the published compositions include two di- 
vertimenti for piano, strings, and flute ; a 
quintet and a rondo for piano and strings ; 
variations on a Kus-sinn theme, and grande 
valse, for piano, four hands ; four sonatas for 
piano solo, three of which are dedicated to 
Clementi ; Marche Triomphale, Grande Pas- 
torale, airs en Kondeau, airs with variations, 
liondeau Ecossais, Polonaise, rondo, ' Twelve 
o'clock,' and a few songs. 

[Grove's Diet. i. 373. filil; Parke's Musical 
Memoirs, i. 290; Pohl's Mozart in London, p. 
144; Pohl's Haydn in London, p. 234; F^titi's 
Biographie UDiversalledei Mnuctena; Spohr's 



Selbstbiog. 1. 43; Harmonicon, 1828, p. 141, and- 
other passagea referred to above ; Brit. Mns. Cat, ; 
information from J. P. Theobald, esq.] 

J.A.F.M. 

FXELD, JOSHUA (1787 ."-1803), civil 
engineer, bom about 1787, was one of the 
firm of Messrs. Maudslay, Sons, & Field of 
Lambeth. His attention had been espe- 
cially directed to the marine engine and to 
steam navigation since 1616, when Maudslay 
& Co. made a pair of combined engines, 
each fourteen horse-power, applying the power 
to the paddle-wheel shaft by the crank in- 
stead of by cog-wheels, according to thepre- 
vious mode. Messrs. Maudslay & field 
undertook to construct engines of adequate 
power to propel a vessel, with sufficient stor- 
age for fuel, across the Atlantic, at a time 
when many of the constructors of the day 
declined to attempt an apparently imprac- 
ticable feat. The engines were completed 
and fitted on board the Great Western in 
March 1638, and shortly afterwards the ves- 
sel started on her first voyage from Bristol, 
reaching New York, a distance of three thou- 
sand miles, in thirteen days and ten hours. 

Field was one of six young men who, 
towards the end of 1617, founded the In- 
stitution of Civil Engineers. He was one 
of its earliest vice-presidents, and he con- 
tinned lo hold that office until elected presi- 
dent on 16 Jan. 1848, being the first president 
selected from the class of purely mechanical 
eiigiiiet^rp. In his inaugural address, de- 
livered on 1 Feb., he alluded particularly to 
the changes which had then been introduced 
into steam navigation, and to some of the 
more marked improvements, both in the en- 
gines and the vessels, by which tbey had 
been adapted for carrying cargo and fuel for 
long voyagi's, and for attaining great speed 
on short voyages. This office he filled for 
two years, the period permitted by the regu- 
Iiit ions. On 3 Slurch 18;56 he became a fellow 
of the Uoyal Society, and was also a member 
of the Society of Arts. Field died at his 
residence, Baliiam Hill House, Surrey, on 
11 Aug. 18ti3, iigedTft. 

[Buililer. cited in Gent. Mag. 3rd ser. xv. 
379-80; LisU of I'ellowa of the Eoyal Society.] 

G. G. 

FIELD, N.\THAMEL (1687-1033), 
art or and dramatist, born in the ])arish of St. 
Gilrs, Cripplegate, wns the son of the Rev. 
J.^lin Field (buried 26 March 1587-8), author 
of ■ A Godly Exhortation by occasion of the 
lateludgement of God shewed at Paris Gar- 
den 13 Jan. 1&83,' a violent attack upon 
theatrical entertainments. He was baptised 
17 Oct, 1587, under the name Nathan, an 



elder brotlivr, wjrisU'rwl 13 Juno I6JSI mt N»- 
tlumii'l FirM, liHvinfi (lii-tl. Aiuith^rbrnthpr 
wae TliL-opiiilus Field [q. v.], bishop of Flero- 
ford, Nul. l-lfld.iut Itt- wu tfpmnslly Mii<>d, 
Sill. PuvY, Tlmiiiss iHy. Jolm Undem-ood, 
KulKrt Itftiler, and Jolin ]''ru<it wi^re tW six 
princiml cnmetliaiis iif (li*- ChUdr\;ii of ib« 
tJutHKti n It.'Vfl", u ihe cliiWn-ii of Uw Uhmwl 
Itoval WKf at t)ne time rallml. bv whom ill 
>Iti>oJou>^uii'!i'Cyntbia'»Ki>vDlj'wa«|«r- 
fornifH]. Ki«ld Hilled m tbi- follnwinff Tear m 
tho ' Poetaster' of lb« miav kulbor. itnf firsl 
r<<0<>n)»d pari. >■■ r.'bnptnnn'it Hum)' d'Ainboui 
r (iKibliidit^d 1607). In 1008 Im played in 
[ jottB'iD'K ' Epicene.' In Jonson's ' IJsrtJiolo* 
mew Fair' ilOI4) (act v. «. 3) Cokes aska, 
etmc-«rniiif; (b*- p>?rformers in a pupjwi-Bbow, 
• WTiieli ia ycnir b»'Bt actor, your Field ? ' 
■od pay* Fivld a «till hi)(lii>r comptiinent 
in oonncctiug bim irith Burbngo. lUchanl 
Fl^ckD'MF, Qtly y<o%Tt liiivr, ountinna this aaxo- 
rint.ioii,urriiif^ in lUi^'Sbort Uiacourw of the 
Jvn^li^b f^latfe/ priiiled iii tlie end of bia 
*ljOVc'«Kingaoui (ItltWJ: 'ln(bi* finii* ivftn- 

Stdvtii rind acinrs in tbpir greatpsi flfmrish; 
'■lOfron atidStiflke^puiir*.', witb IWunnMit iind 
I'li^tcluT, tbi'ir p<K-rs, and Field and Kiirtnge 
their actors.' Malone, who doubt* whetlicr 
Ibe ii(-torand The drainiitint arr: tbc rUiino, eaTrt 
tbat F1vld pUyitl Huntty d'Amboi^ 'wbcnov 
became loo tnsiilv to mpivAent ihL- cbnracUrH 
of wunun ' <Sup[d<.-iui'iil tu M.iIiOXB'h SAa/c&- 
njtearf), a Kiip|irt<iitiim wlitcb ('ollierr, witb 
•mnp »bow of reiiM>ii. r>'buta. \x «<imD pt-'Hod 
Owr UU4, IVdlirr ibinlw IfilO, riel<l, wlio 
miilo h*Ti' W>^ wiib tht'kiiijr's pluycfd in 
fll^ipennanonilvjoiiKHl tbom, jilnyitp^ with 
IiifIm^ in 'Tbr Viii^'bl nf Malta'and (uhr-r 
plays of Reaunont and Fletcher. Hi." name 
Ipprarv for tb«> finl tinii>in ](tl1>init pnltnl, 
li>dMand«9i'vrnTi-i-ntb onthp list of iwi^niv- 
lix playoTW, pr^-fixe'I an 'Tbe Name* of the 
rnncip*Il Actor? in uH iheiv Playe* ' to the 
"102.1 f'dio ' Sbiiko.«)«'Bn'.' 

Act'ottlinf; to th<.' rc^iaterB of tbo piirishes 
jOf 8t. Anmv llIiicKfnurv, and St. Aiidn.'w- 
lb>-lbf-WtirilTi'i"', m'-vnil cliililn^iiof NntbAii 
lyii'ldurKl AniH'l itlJ.bi- wili.',W(.'rDL-bria(i>n>^ 
Ifniin MtlllC<>)ll-~'7. 11>« burUI of Kl.-ld bint- 
' aadf, who U U'lii'V'-d to lutv<^ ratirMi from (he 
«t«fce aomewbeD' ninr ltt^:t, npncan in the 

»mtne npMTt undi-r tin* date 20 Feb. l<tS2-3, 
t'ivld'a married bfe eeetD£ to haw biwn di»- 
turbodhTJvflloiiay. Anioaf ll>« ITulwr AfSH. 
b an vplgrvin, (juoi-xd in roUif'r's 'AiiiuiIm 
of tb" Stiwri',' ill. 437, oallinc: him the trii« 
lOlbello* for bin jva1ou«y of lii« wifi>. 
i f^tdd'a Br«t appearance oa a drainaliat waa 
mada with his 'A Woman in a Wcatbor- 
cot\,' li'i, U'li, wbivh, iirfonliiiKl<itln«ltlIf>, 
waf ' octt^ Utitan iht^ king at WliilrhaU, and 



di\'i>rK time* privately at the Wbit«friars by 
the children of Ror MaJMCy's Hevels.' Tlii* 
wn» followed bv SViuGudfl for LadiL%' 410^ 
ItllSMid Iti;fl;i. 'ni«p6rfonaanci)of tbelallw 
vlay could net bavo Ik-ou uiucb later than 
1610, since in 1011 nn nlluiiioii lo it i<^ found 
in a work of Anthony ^lafliml {CuLUCit, 
AnnaU "f the Staift, iii. 101 >. It wiutactMl 
at the Blaokfrian thratrp, ' when it waa 
empluvvd by Iho actors of Princu lli-nry and 
of I be Priuee*8 KliialHilb, im well tm by tho 
king'apkyi>r8*((6,iii,4l'0). TbacF'ieldpIaytxl 
in bin own piMTi \* pmbjibl'' but uncertain. 
Hiese playti, one of which, a.^ a aatiro upon 
womnn, was dedicated ' to any woman that 
hath been no weathercock,' i.«. to nobody, 
while the i>«coud, nt ita title implies, waa in- 
londcd DJt a specivs of aoolo^' for the former^ 
are incIudMl in Colliers and in Mr. W, 0. 
nnililtV editiona of DocbiUy « ' Old Plays.* 
They ar» vxodlent cumudiei in their cU»«. 
The comic «eeni>s are above the level of Mn»- 
singvr and Shirley, and the soriouH piiH£aff<e« 
nMM nut iiliam^ tlii»r< ixipt'. Tbo n'lat!v9 
sharva of Fi»>Id and .Maa^ixrfr in • The Fatal 
l)[iwrj-,'4to, 1(J32, piibli8h<.>u und<.<r Ih'jirjoint 
name.4, have not h*^n conrliLiivply eM^ 
blisbcj, Tbat 'A Woman'* a Weathercock" 
and 'Amend* for Ladit'^' wcnr written about 
the same lim« veema proved by FieldV di.>di> 
cation of the earlier work, in which, after 
sayiiig tbat bccanwnoi fur forty ^biUinga — 
suppit»e<l to be the nrdinarf price for a dodi- 
cal ion, words which har» been iR^Id lo esta- 
biikb I. bat. biK linanciv wi'ni at that liniu 
flouriahing— beur^-fhis imafrinary patroneas 
tti n-mnin constant * till toy next play be 
printed, wheK'in Rhe shall see what amends 
I have made to her and all the sex.* Field's 
■ban; in a tripartita appeal, hiA partnera in 
which w«n.<lfa»in({ffr and I)abom«,to Hen*- 
lowe, preserved in l>ulwich College, puta, 
howcvcr^aditTorcnt aspect upon Ftcld'amiAb- 
cial position. It i* an Mmettt appval fur 
five out of ten poundi itaid to tit- owing for a 
play, without which ibey 'caunm \}v bsyled.' 
A M^cotld document, n|p>» iinT»t>rvM at Dul- 
wich. shows F^eld ' uiiluckuv taken on aneie- 
cution of •to/.' Hnd befQpnfffram his ' Fatlmr 
llinchlow ' (Ilenslowe) for a loan of \t., 
which witb xl. Ifnt by a friend, will hc> 
enough Co nronire hia diacharge. At ]>ul- 
wicb are atao a third letter to ' Hinchlow ' 
iy>nreminga play nn which 'Mr. llawlMrne' 
and hinueif ' have apcnt n great drttle 'if limu 
ill conten^Dce. mqio articles concvraiiu; a com- 
ncny of pbivvm,' and a p-irtrait of Field ' in 
Ilia aIurt,'B portion of ibf (^'urtwrigbtboniuwl. 
prcwrvt'd in the mn«tcr'ii hourte, and snow- 
ing Ficbl with n youthful and frrainini' face. 
UudtT the initials N.I', in a latter edition 



Field 



410 



Field 



filled out, field contributed six Btonzas in 
praise of Fletcher's 'Faithful Shepherdees,' 
prefixed to the first edition of tnat play. 
Before his own first play appear ten lines by 
Oeor^ Chapman, addressed ' To his loved son, 
Nat. Field, and his Weathercock Woman.' 
A joke concerning ' Master Field, the player,' 
preserved in subsequent jest-books, appears 
in the ' Wit and Mirth ' of Taylor, the Water 
Poet. A punning epigram entitled ' Field, 
the Player, on his Mistress, the Lady May,' 
is found in a manuscript in the Ashmolean 
Museum, and in other commonplace books 
of the reign of James I and Charles I (Ooi^ 
LIEB, Annals of the Stage, iii. 434). 

[The chief information coDceming Field is de- 
rived from Payne ColHer^s researches in DdI- 
Trich College, embodied in his Life of Field, 
contained in bia History of English Dramatic 
Poetry and Annals of the Stage, bin prefaces to his 
reprints of Field's plays (Dodaley'a Old Flays), 
his Memoirs of Alleyn, and bis Alleyn Papers, 
contributed to the Shakspere Society. It is, of 
coarse, rabjoct to the reservations always to be 
made in the ease of bis labours. For his con- 
clusions conceroing Field see Mr. Warner's Cata- 
logue of Manuscripts &c. at Dulwicb College, 
pp. 37, 241, and Joseph Hunter's Chorus Vatum 
Anglicanorum, Brit. Mm. Addit. MS. 24490, 
f. 56. Othersonrces of infonnation are Oenest's 
Account of the iilngliah Stage ; Baker, Reed, and 
Jon(;s's Biographia Dramatics ; Langbaine's 
English Dramalic Poeta ; Miilone's Supplement ; 
Ounningbam's Handbook to London ; Miia^inger, 
by Gifford. ed. 1813; Ben Jonsoo, by Gitford. 
1816, &C.1 J. K. 

FIELD or DE LA FIELD, RICHARD 
(1554 i-'-lUOd), Jesuit, son of the Lord of Cor- 
duff, bom about 16r>4 in t he county of Dublin, 
studied ut Doiiay, entered the Society of 
Jesus about 1082, aud became a professed 
father. In April 1599 he was sent from 
Flanders to Fathers Fitzaimon and Archer 
in his native country, and lie was superior 
of the Irish Jesuit mi-'sion till 1640, diapiay- 
iug remarkable prudi-nceand mildness in his 
office. There are still extant several of his 
letters which abound with interesting details 
of the catholic attairs of Ireland. lie died 
in Dublin on 21 Feb. 1605-6. 

[Hogan'a Ibcrnia Ignatiana, i. 202 ; Uogitn'a 
Cat. of the Irish Province S. J., p. 7 ; Oliver's 
Jesuit Collections, p. 244 ; Foley's Itocords, vii. 
252.] T. C. 

FIELD, RICHARD, D.D. (1561-1616), 
divine, was bom 16 Oct, 1561, at Hemel 
Hempstead in Hertfordshire, of an old and 
reputable femily, ' His ancestors,' says his 
son and biographer, 'were blessed with length 
of days.' The estate which he inherited from 
hia father and grandCather had been in the 



hands of only three owners in 160 years. 
He was educated at Berkhampstead school, 
and matriculated at the age of sixteen (1677) 
as of Magdalen CoU^, Oxford, where he 
remained till he took hts B A., degree, 16 Nov. 
I58I, when he removed to Magdalen HalL 
Here he took his master's degree, 2 Junel&84. 
and was appointed to the ' Cat«chism Lecture, 
which, though in reality a private lecture for 
that house, was made by him so interesting 
that it drew hearers from the whole univer- 
sity, among whom, it is said, was Dr. Rainolds 
(or Reynolds J, the well-known president of 
Corpus Christi College. He was now famous 
for nis knowledge of school divinity, and 
esteemed one of the best disputants in tlie uni- 
versity. His father, it would appear, had at this 
time provided a match for him as bis eldest 
son, but his not taking orders was made an 
indispensable condition ; upon which he re- 
turned to Oxford, and after a residence of 
seven yeard, till he took his degree of B.D. 
14 Jan. 1692, he was made divinity reader 
in Winchester Cathedral. He appears then 
to have lefi Oxford, but his character as an 
indefatigable student lived in the university 
long after his departure, and 'Dr. Field's 
rooms ' were shown as an object of interest. 
In 15&4 he was chosen divinity lecturer to 
the Hon. Society of Lincoln's bin, and soon 
after presented by Mr. Richard Kingsmill, a 
bencher of the inn, to the rectory of Biirgh- 
clere, Hampshire. Mr. Kingsmill resided at 
Highclere, close by, and his brother, Sir Wil- 
liam Kingsmill, at Sydmonton Court, not far 
oii', and both families Tvere constant attend- 
ants at Burghclere church. Field was oti'ered 
the more valuable living of St. Andrew's, 
Holborn, which he declined, preferring the 
leisure and quiet of Burghclere, where be 
passed the greater part of hia time till hia 
death. On 9 April 1594 he married Eliza- 
beth, daughter ot the Rev, Richard Harris, 
sometime fellow of New College and rector 
of Hardwick, Buckinghamshire. On 7 Dec. 
1596 he proceedeil to the degree of D.D., 
being at that time of Queen's College, and 
described ns ' sometimes of Magdalen Hall.' 
In September 1598 he received a letter from 
Lord Hnnsdon, dated 'from the court ut 
Greenwich,' desiring him to come and prejich 
before the queen (Elizabeth) on the 23rd 
of that month a probationary sermon, upon 
which he was appointed one of her majesty's 
chaplains in ordinary, and received a grant 
of the next vacant prebend at Windsor. This 
grant is dated 30 March 1602, and he suc- 
ceeded to the vacancy, and was installed 
3 Aug. 1604. He was joined in a special 
commission with William, marquis of Win- 
chester, Thomas Bilson, bishop of Winton, 



Field 



4" 



Field 






uid others, for eArl«*iftAiic«l cAuofj within , Btandingtroman,thewi(lawof I)r..InhnHp<>n' 
the diocese of Wiocbest-or, Bud in uaotlier cfr.jMjmetimepreddeatofCorpasChrUti t'ul- 



leir^, Oxford, of vbflM birth ftitd education 
Air. Inuik W&ltoo rives u# b. very good cbs- 
ractiT in ibe lift- of Mr. llookt-r, Dr.Sjwu- 
cer'»H'iOo«'wujiI)>:iKtIiy,diiu{ffalt:rufTbuma8 
Cmnmpr, llie archbubop'a Depbew, aitd Ixaxk 
\Viil(')iiV utiDl. I'kiId,iiow«rer,8UiTivt>dhia 
iii>coud luarriuji^- liiilu laoro than a luontb. 
Ou 16 Nov, 1(516 he was «ei>«d with ft fit of 
ap4[}li'S,T «ud fiuddvnlj carruHl ofl' He wu 
burieii iti tbo oiilifr ckufi"! of 8t. fimrgsV, 
WindKur, below the choir. A blsck iiutrblv 
tilali, with hix li^ir«> in bniwi, wiw laid ov«r 
hia grave, and an iDAcription, nJtw on bru8, 
recording his death and that of lii> firM wift, 
Klizalk-tli Harrin. 

llingreat vrnrk wasfir»tpubliiihiMlu] 1006. 
Tho title ie ' Oftho Church Fivo Bookes, hy 
I lUcIiard Field, Doctor of Diviuity; nt Lon- 
"atidtf'tiP*. Uecliiefly r<>i.iili-.l at itiir(irku]i>rrt • donimprmtedbyKiimfi^TLowoesforSinioii 
and Windsor, and wlieu in PtwideucB in the [ \Vatmton,1606.' Thig is ii4iy volimie. ITitro 
cloJAlt'Di ivt thelalti.T pWpdurinif tlii-winU-r | ar^ in reality only four l>0(>ks. In HllO wu 
nonthfi hi* liouac. wa« thn rpAort. of niany I printed ' The Fifth Booka nf the Church, (o- 
lincnf Rivu, who came to cnjov his learned j )r<'"i<*r with an ap|N»ndix Fontaiuin^ n do- 
^nvfruttinii. lie wa.* ou intimAle tiTm-t i I'^nce of such fmsAogN of tht* former bonkii 



«<TciM> all spiritual juriwliction in the 
said diooesu wiili Whitgifl, iirchbishop of 
Cnutcrbiiry. Tboma.», biiitio|i of Wiuton, and 
oih'-r«, bv Joii>c« I, 1003, Lo whom b(« wa« 
aliu> cltapiaiu, and by vrluiu) hi- wan H«nt lo 
tfaoTIanipton Court confenoico, 14 Jan. 1tt03. 
WhtrnlCiii^ Janifei'auM>Lo Oxford iu IOO-!>, 
I'lHd waa sent, for to tako jmrt i» the Divi- 
nity Act. Sir Nstbaniel Bt«nt, then ouu of 
the pr»cl<>n>, and afU<Twnrib< vi<-nr-(^urral 
and wartlrn of Mertoii,dv<rlar<-d that thrdis- 
glHtton between IloctoMFit^ld and A^lionby 
the kin^r, on th»- qHc^tion ' Whether 
inta and atuf^ls know tliv hearts of mcoi,' 
%-a* the tiMt h« «Ter heard. In 1610 he was 
mude di-an of Olooceslcr, hut never raided 
Ch, preachinjT rarely above four or five 
a year. bucalwu^'^cLimniaudiugaitniut 



fcilh Sir Uenry Savile, the pn^vo!! of liion, 
Itid Sir Ilenrj- Xevill. who had betu Quwn 
tlUnlwi h'ii nutba«sodor to l-'rurice, nud li\cd 
Bear to Windsor. He often jiTMiched belore 
lio kins:, who, upon lhi< Gnl urni«iun that 



that tuiVH been excepted against, or wrefttMl 
to the mAJTiienanoe of l^mish errors, by 
liich&id Field, Doctour of Divinity; LondoOt 
printetl by Nicholas Ukes for Simon Water- 
sou,' ItilU, lio. It luu be<^u diAcovervd that 



be heard him, exclaiaied ' Is Iuh n»mn fVldf there was another inipreiuion of tbt? volumn 
This is a fifl't foT God to dwell in.' Simi- of 1006, iu whit-h thu errata were corrected, 
larly FtdW, y^an afterword*, alyled him ' Both iiave the mum data and thviwae nuin- 



T^euf 



'that learned divine, wbme memory nnHleth 
"ik*" A JSz-ld wfai«h the Lord bath bleseed.' 
Hie king took Aiii|?ular pkoaorc in dis- 
cussing with him niei^ and niriouH points nf 
divinity, and hail de»i)cne<t tii semi him to 
manv to crini[<o»« the- difli-reni^es between 
Liitbenins nnJ Calvinialis, but for como 
'awn nol known the project waa droppe4l. 



ber of pagea, but no two pages in thn two 
boolu affiM in all puticnlart, and Lowoes's 
name omb not appear in the title of the 
second improwion. Tbasn ar« Fietd'H own 
oditions, and miv dedicated to the Archbishop 
of ('anlerhurj- (RanrrifV). A wcond edition 
of Ibe whole ' Of the Church Fivu I)ook««, 

._ _. ,--j--- — _-, -. bv hichard Field, D.D., and somctimealfciiii 

maWiy als>:i winlitxl lo beclow on liim i tn^OIocealer. Tbeavcood edition, ii-ry much 
itMAnopric of .Solisbnrv, but it M>emB the ' enlnr^d in the third booke, and the apb>>n- 
Itatiun< of his VKiirtiers were i>owerful , dix to the same; at Oxford, iuiiiriul>tl bv 



jiowet 
lo procure it ft»r anntJirr person. It 
rertain. liuwi'vcr, from a letter from Kir 
ieoTf^ Vdlirn, nfterwnnU Duke of Iliick* 
ii|;)uini, <hil<-d ' fnim thw court at Wan^titl 
July lOltl,' that the r»»i>ii(m of I1m> »ee 
'Oxford, upon itii next avoidanrt.', ws« pro- 
Hxl to him, Bishi>p llnll, who beeanm 
of Worco*t'T the month after Field's 
mentions tliot that deanery wn^ de- 
for him, and )amenl« that so learued 
did not livti lo fill it. On 14 Oct. 
Ii" l>i«t hi« wife, who left liiiu nil aona 
am) A dniik'hlrr. ' He roniiniiisl a widowiT 
voars, whi-n hi* hiu |»-Titiiedi*d by 
111 ro many n^n, and they recom- 

ai>n<i'-ii vi bxm, fur a rrIijpou!i, wise, nndo^ 




ipi 

William Turner, printer to the fniiiou.* I'ni- 
ren-ily, lOlit*,' folio, waa edited by Natluiniel 
Field, I he author's win, and dedicated lo Vil> 
lient, duke of Btickiaghatn. This vdition b 
rbar)redhvlh«Scotain their 'CanlerburianV 
S4)lf-<Mnviclio».' Itl41, 4to, with additions 
mmle by An'hbishop Lnud. Tlie thinl edi* 
linn was printed 'by William Turner, printer 
to tbe famous \'Bivenitie, ltt^t'%' folio. Mo- 
dern e^litions are* thosK by the Ft-clcaiaAtieal 
History Society, CumbriJ^, Id-t7- 5'2, i voL*. 
8vo, nniuuvd with new litln, I»nden, IS'j3, 
and an edition edited by the Hev. J, S, 
Brewer, Ixmdou, 1H43, of which the first 
volume only was published. It is neMlleM 
lo «]itttk of n work which has long taken ita 



asi 



Field 



413 



Field 



stand bythe side of Hooker amon^ the ^rand- I 
eat monuments of polemical diymity m the ! 
language. Anthony Wood's description of | 
Field's personal character, his vast learning ; 
and astonishing memory, his peaceable dis- I 
position and amiable qualities, will be found ' 
m the * Athenie,' It is well known that Field ; 
and Hooker were on terms of the greatest | 
friendship, which was probably brought about ' 
by Dr. Spencer, their common friend, for 
itooker waa older than Field by eight years, 
and had left the university before Field came 
there. Dr. Spencer was the dear friend and 
fellow-pupil of Hooker, and edited his works. 

In 1604 Field published a sermon on St. 
Jude T. 3, preached before the king at Wind- 
sor, and shortly before his death had written 
a gre§t part of a work entitled ' A View of 
the Controversies in Religion, which in these 
lost times have caused the Lamentable Divi- 
sions inthe Christian World.' This was never 
completed, but the preface is printed in his 
' Liie,' by his son, Nathaniel Field, rector of 
Stourton, Wiltshire, and published by John 
Le Neve, author of the ' Fasti Ecclesiee An- 
glicans,' in I7I6. From a copv of this life, 
interleaved with manuscript additions from 
the author's rough draft by the editor (Le 
Neve), and some notes by Bishop White 
Kennett (which copy is now in the British 
Museum), Gouffh drew up the 'Life of Field,' 
which was printed in vol. vi. pt. i. of the 
new edition of the 'IJiographia iJritannica,' 
Uf that volume a mimuscript note in the 
Bodleian copy says, ' Of this part I know 
but of one copy existing.' Chalmers, in his 
'Biographical Dictionary,' transcribed the 
article. 

We have little to add but that King James, 
with his own liand, inserted Field's name as 
one of tht' fellows of Chelsea College, and 
on hearing of his death, expressed his regret 
in the words, ' I should have done more for 
that man.' Of Field's sons, Nathaniel was 
prebendar\- of Chichester and rector of Stour- 
ton. Richard wa« M.D. and died single, and 
was buried iu St. Bride's Church, 169(5. Giles 
died in 16^9, aged 21, and is buried in New 
College Chapel. 

[Wood's Athense Oxon. (Bliss), ii. 181-6; 
Life, edited by Lo Nevo ; Gough's Life in Biog. 
Brit] R. ILr. 

FIELD, RICHARD (Jl. 1679-1624), 
printer and stationer, was the son of 'Henry 
ffeilde ot'Stratford uppon Aven in the countye 
of Warwick, tanner' (Ardek, Tranncript, 
ii. 93), whose goods and chattels John Shake- 
speare, the father of the poet, was employed 
with two others to value on 21 Aug. 1592 
(S;i^btei^are,ed.J.F.Collier,1668,t.II2-13). 



Field was apprenticed to Geoige Bishop, 
stationer and printer, for seven years from 
29 Sept. 1579. The first six years were to 
be served with Thomas. Vautrollier, and the 
seventh with Bishop (TroMcrtjpf.ii. 93). The 
term of apprenticeship expired in 1586. He 
was made free of the Stationers' Company 
on 6 Feb. 168d-7, and in 1588 married, says 
Ames, ' Jakin [Jacqueline], the daughter of 
Vaatrollier ' {Tupographical Antigwtia, ed. 
Herbert, ii. 1252), whom he succeeded in his 
house ' in the Black Friera, neer Ludgate,' 
using the same devices and sometimes print- 
ing the same copies. Collier quotes the 
marriage rwister as ' R. Field to Jacklin 
Vautrillian, 12Jan, 1588 {Memoirs of Acton 
in Shakespeare's Flags, 1846, p. 223). It is 
stated, however, in a list of master printers 
included in the ' Stationers' Registers' ( Tran- 
script, iii. 702), that Field married the widow 
of Vautrollier and succeeded him in 1590. 
He took his first apprentice on 3 Nov. 1689, 
followed by others, among them his younger 
brother, Jasper («. U. 165, 179, 199, 230). 
The first entry to him in the * Registers ' is 
for ' a booke in French, intitled : " Le politique 
reformfi "" {sic) (i6. ii. 511), on 24 Dec. 1588, 
of which he also issued an English translation. 
In 1589 he printed Puttenbam's 'Arte of Eng^ 
lish Poesie and a handsome edition, in a' neat 
brevier Italic,' of ' P. Ovidii Xasonis Meta- 
morphoseon libri xv.,' ' impensis Johannis 
Harrisoni,' a Ijookseller with whom he had 
many subsequent transactions. Hewasfined 
10s. on 12 May for printing a book contrary 
to order, and on 3 Nov. 1589 for keeping an 
apprentice unpresented (iS. ii, 860-1). bole 
license for the hrst edition of Hanngton's 
translation of ' Orlando F'urioso ' was granted 
to him on 6 Feb. 1592 (Cal. State Papers, 
Eliz. 1591-4, p. 179). In 1595 he produced 
hia fine editionofXorth's' Plutarch,' reprinted 
by him in 1603 and 1J&10-12. He came on 
the livery of the Stationers' Company on 
1 July 1598. From an entry in the ' Regis- 
ters' on 4 June 1599 he seems to have been 
at that time among the unprivileged printers 
( Transcript, iii. 678). He was chosen renter 
on 26 March 1004, and on 17 June 1605 paid 
40/. insteadof serving the office. On 11 June 
I60i he was called to be assistant (i6. ii. 837, 
840, iv. 29). He was several times warden 
and masterin 1620. Two presses were worked 
by him on 9 May 1615 (Jb. iii. 699). 

The last book kno^A'n to bear his imprint 
is Camden's ' Annales, traduites en langue 
franfoise par P. de Bellegent,' 1624, 4to. On 
some Spanish books his name appears as 
RicardodelCampo. During thirty-sixyears 
Field printed many important books, but he 
is chiefly interesting as the fellow-townanun 



Field 



413 



Field 



I 4),. 



ud mo^t probnbW tlic [K!r<win&l frii>Dd of 

IifKpi.>«rr. He wna tin- [irinlvrof (he Hnt 

|Mi:t), ih<t aecoml (IdiH), ami the tbird 

Id!Mi) editioiU) of Sbak^^si^eare'e ' Venus and 

' i)oni«,'aii w«ll M of the fir»t (l'M)4)i-di<ioQ 

if bin ' Liiorwe,' all for JoUii IIaiTi.-^ii. Not 

of tlio (jiiarto tilaysi, however, csme 

tn l-'ivldV press. ' In thu iiniductton of 

V)-nu.i mill A<iotii«,'" HV* Mr. UiiltiweU- 

'hitlii(i>9, ' it is only reasonable to infer that 

tbctitilLurhadii coiilrul ovrrthi' tyiKigniphi- 

cal nrnmjTf'tufnth, Tin? piirilirofttii' (<•»! and 

pile n»lur(< of lb? di.'dlcation may he tlmu^ht 

Hi roiif^ lii>n tiiix opminn, nnd, nlthou[{ii 

ncrns were nor ihcn jipiierallv introduced Lo 

in public in tbes8me)tIon-inirt<?rm«i]iiiinlly 

ordtvl to dramatic piiices, the ^iiiRnliirly 

lefuiidHiiuiiyiuou'i 1 ii l>»-pai[i> dow imt U-ar 

le anpMirancc of a nublisbcr'A handiwork' 

Ovtlinf '•/ Ia/v ••? -Shakftpearr, "ih od. 

H87, i. 101-4). Mr. Uladea BUBge«U that 

wbi'u Shukvbpvaiv first Mmc to London be 

Ti»i(i^d hii friend V'ttAA and viin inlnMliioxI 

Voulrollier, invltnBeetDplnvmentaspTMS- 

^ _ idiT ^)r nhopnisn he may liavo Bci]uiiv<L 

tJiat [■nu'tical ifnnwledjr>» of the art nf |»rml- 

in([ elt'jwn in bU writin]|rs {fiAdcpe/v ami 

Tif/i-ufrit/iA!/, 1872, p. 'Jli. Ax.) Collier fra* 

iiQablo to tract' 'any relatinnahip U5twoi>n 

athan Field, the actor, and Uirbard Field, 

(■ print^-r, hilt thi-y wen.- iii-t(:bb<iurfl, living 

the same hberty uf (be JUark Friam ' 

Manuin 'if Actorr, 1^6, p. 228). 

[tVN nf Itur.kn in Urit. Mas, prinlO'] in Eng- 

ItwftnYlfi-fO. IftSI.Srok: ShatMsptuv Soe. 

'ar*r», iv, 3B-fi; BiMins-nviiJinr. j. 178; Nut(4 

ad Qucrin., Iv.A ir.r. lil, 2J3, 411; FImiv'h 

Cbrauicle Hivt. <jif ^biU^i^r*, 1886. pp. 11:2, 

lie] H. B.T. 

Fnjj). Tnr,opHiLus <1574 icaei, 

bishop ol" IlfTvforil, eldest »on of thu Huv, 

Tohn Field I lol9:'-16^>, wa* bom in the 

parish of >Si.Oil'-«\ Oh pp1ctn>tt<>Ljundi>n, and 

Mptifictl lbcre22 Jan. ir»71, IJax-ui Imitbvr 

^fNathanii'l Field, tlio actor [n-v.^ Heiraii 

l^luCHt-il i\\ IVm linilii' Mall, rnnibrid^, nf 

Ivrlni-h lif was fbrlfd a fellow oti ft Oct. 

iriOa hx l.'.f« b« pr..i-.i.Hip<l M.A., and wm 

r)rpornie<l at Oxford Hi July liHIOl Wood, 

'-Atf.rH'w r/r.,n.,ed BliM,i.Fi;WJ,ii.tW'i; /VW 

Oiwi, i. 2ft«>. He HiibM^qiit^ntlTbcfAme B,l>, 

idll-ll. ft. I«llH.e\VB?'w«iryf .Mashfiild, 

}iiMi<t '|,iMikf lield vicarufte or .Marenfield rvc- 

:)ry may l»* in^iit): hv wa« aXfu n-clor of 

potton, Sntlulk, anil (m^ciidih virar of l.ydd, 

'iml,in10ll(llA8rf!n,jrimf,ro1,i')lit,iii..'tl7>. 

!(.' klflk' ujiuiintiil him nmt uf lii« chaplains, 

hn arti^l in tbi* Minni rapacity to Bac«n 

rbenlordcliancllor^fVj/. AYn/i* /^i/Tf;', Pom, 

ldlft-^3, i>. 'i^). Jobn Chaubirrlain. m a 



|pri«r to Cark'ton, d«t«l 2 Jane 1619, de- 
scribes Field an ' a Kurl ofbrokwr'forthecban- 
wUur in hia ptwulationn (/A. !)oni. l6I»-23, 
p. 260). It 18 undent that he tooU no vwry 
exalte<l vU'w of his profession, uor ever 
tmiibletl him§elf much about its duties. By 
thf? infercw of the Dultc of Buokinffbtm he 
was mnsticratvd bishop of LlanilafTon 10 (Vl, 
1619 (Lb Xete. F.-t:, k>\. Ilanly. ii. 25a), 
bnl. b<nii^ dii<«aTislicd mth the i>inaJlncM of 
the revenue he pe«terwl the dukti with let tvrs, 
iirping Ilia poverty, his barin|^ a wife and »x 
children to maintain, and vowin^f to ^|)€nd 
his blood for him if l)>' would ir"( hiinn belter 
bisbi'pric, such aa Hereford (Willis, A'Mriqf 
of ValfudraU, ii. r)2tJ-7). In IB21 Held 
was impeached by the commons for brocafio 
and hnlmry before hi* ]>M>n>olion, on the 
accusalion of one E^w-Hrtl Eportou. Hia 
definceaa rcmrdt) the charge of bnbctry was 
deemed eatiMactory by the lorda, ' but aa it 
was not a fitting thing for a uterirrymsD to be 
concerni^ in a brocage of etieli a nai iir^, thu 
I10U80,' Bsyii Carte, 'requirLxl the Arrhhishnp 
of Canterbury' to give him an admoniuon 
Aa doctor Meld, not oa bishop of Llandaff, 
in the ('onrocation houw, which wao dona 
npcordin;;ly ' {Uut. of Eiiifland, iv. 77-H). 
I>n>pii>i ihiHclu.'ck F'ield etill persevered in \a» 
suit to Buckingliam , andiutticrf^tiliofa lel- 
terwrilten in Au^at ltf27(C'«f, Statf Pajtcre, 
[>om. 1H27-8, p. 326) he waa tranjlate<d to 
the BM of St. David's in tb<' futluwiiig Sep- 
l«mbcr (Lb Kktb, i. zm-'A). Tlu.ugh lua 
income wu tbua (|uadni|ilc>a, he found the 
air of bis new diocese to dinagnw with bim. 
WbeD okVkA by the kinff why he lingered on 
at Broad Sanctuary, W(«tmin»t«r, he gave U 
tlw r«fl»ona 'want of hi-alth nnd meaofi of 
racovor^- in that deeoUite pUcf, his dioeeac, 
where thnTe \» not m much as a leech tu 
cure n sick bone' (I.ititter to Endrmion I'or- 
trr, dalwl 31 Oct, 1629, in CaL State I'aprrf, 
l)om. 1621)-31. p. 84>. Ilowerver, in llWO 
he managed to bold a vi»itatiun of ihceUnn- 
ter, in wbicb be solemnly confirmed tb* 
acta and statutes of bis predvcMEorE, and 
then, in due form, by and with (be mnadiit 
of the chapter, d(.-«reed tliat his nilhedtal 
should bo wbitewa.'tbeil (JnyiLs nnd ('RBft- 
laiy. ffiffoiy of St. Dand"*, n. 171). On 
IT) |)i-c. Iti-'yi Field ri'iM'hi.'d tn« summit of 
bis ambition by being elected bitihop of | loro- 
ford (L» X»TB, i, 471). n« died on 2 Juns 
16.*IH, and wai bnrio) at tbo east end of the 
north aifle in Hereford Cathedml. Agiuniit 
the Ronb wall, under a canopy liiwd^witb 
enaine, and suui>ortL'd by two aiuflla. U & 
biut of him in nin politicals, and tu the a(- 
lii.iide of prtaching ^Bi'SPrnD, llfr<f"rd' 
Mrv, i. 674-G). Hia wiU, bearing data 



Field 



414 



Field 



31 July 1035, was proved on26Jul7 1636 1? 
his widow, Alice (registered in P. C. C. 82, 
Pile). He wrote, says Wood, ' A Christian 
Preparation to the Lord's Supper,' 6to, 1624, 
' besides several sennotiB and other thinga ' 
{Fasti, i. 288-9). He contributed to and 
apparently edited ' Ad Italian's dead bodie 
stuche with English Flowers. Elegies on the 
death ofSirOratioPallaTicino,' London, 1600. 
Poor conunendatory verses by h im are prefixed 
to Sir John Stradling's ' Divine Foemes,' 1625 
(Wood, Athejia Oxon. ii. 397). 

[Authorities cited above; State Trials (Cobbett), 
vol. li.; Gent. Mag. 1851, pt. i. 237.] G. G. 

FIELD, THOMAS (1646P-1625), Jesuit, 
son of William Field, a medical practitioner 
of Limerick, by his wife Janet Creagh, was 
bom in Limerick in I&46orl549. He studied 
humanity at Paris and Douay, and philosophy 
at Louvain, where he took the degree of M.A. 
He entered the novitiate of the Society of 
Jesus in Rome, 6 Oct. 1574, and was made a 
spiritual coadjutor. Proceeding to Brazil he 
spent many years with Joseph Anchietta, the 
apostle of that country. Thence he was ordered 
into Paraguay. In 1680 he was captured by 
English pirates, and put into an open boat, 
without rudder or o&rs, in which he drifted 
to Buenos Ayres. He died at the Assumption 
Settlement in 162r}. 

[H"Biin'H Ibernia Ignatiiina, i. 33", 60-6, 108; 
Hogan 8 Cat. of tho Irish Province S. J., p. 6 ; 
Oliver's Jesuit Collections, p. 246 ; Foley's Re- 
cords, vii, 263 ; Cordara, Hist. CoUegii Ger- 
manici, pt. vi. lib. si. p. 93.] T. C. 

FIELD. WILLIAM (1768-1851), uni- 
tarian minister, was bom at Stoke Newing- 
ton ou 6 Jan. 1768. John Field, his father, 
a London medical practitioner, and founder 
of the London Annuity Society, was a man 
of property, who married Anne, daughter ^ 
of Thomas Cromwell, and sister of Oliver 
Cromwell (174^ .P-1821) [q. v.] Field got a ! 
good classical training; while at school he 
corresponded with his father in Latin. He 
studied for the ministry first at Homerton, 
but left that institution for doctrinal reasons 
aoonaftertheappointmentof JohnFeIl(1735- 
1797) [q. v.] In 1788 he entered Uaventry i 
academy under Thomas Belsham [q. v.], and I 
left when Belsham resigned (June 1789). I 

Field succeeded James Kettle in 1789 as 
minister of the presbyterian congregation at 
Warwick, where he was ordained on 12 July 
1790, On this occasion Belsham gave the 
charge, and Priestley preached. Dr. Parr, who 
then first met Priestley, attended the service 
and the ordination dinner. Thus began Field's 
close intimacy with Parr^aconnectionfostered 



brtbeir common devotion to classical studies. 
Field at once (1791) started a Sunday school 
(the first in Warwick). This led him intoa 
squabble with some local dergy. Field, who 
waa always ready for a pamphlet war, issued 
the first of many productions of his incisive 
pen, in which the dignity of st^le, and the 
profusion of literary and claasical illustration, 
contrast curiously with the pettiness of the 
disputes. His meeting-houae, rebuilt 1780, 
was fitted with a sloping floor, to improve 
the auditorium ; Field excited some comment 
by aunnounting the front of the buildingwith 
a stone cross. About 1830 he undertook the 
chai^ of an old presbyterian meeting-house 
at Kenilworth, conducting afternoon service 
in addition to his Warwick duties. This 
meeting-house was rebuilt (1846) by hisson 
Edwin Wilhins Field [q. v.] Field remained 
in active duty for nearly sixty years. He 
resigned Warwick in 1843, and was succeeded 
I in 1844 byHenryAshton Meeeon,M.D. At 
I Kenilworth he was succeeded in 1850 by 
John Gordon. 

I Field kept a boarding-school for many 
years at Leam, near Warwick. This led to 
his publishing some educational manuals, of 
, which the most valuable was his ' Questions 
on the Gospel History,' recommended in the 
I ' Critical Review ' (June 1794) to theological 
] students in the two universities. His history 
of Warwick and his life of Parr are impor- 
tant works. 
I He died at Leam on 16 Aug, 1851 ; a marble 
I slab to his memory was placed in High Street 
Chapel, Warwick. By his wife, Mary (Wil- 
kins), who died at Liverpool on 2 Oct. 1848, 
a^ed 64, he liad a ntmierous family, of whom 
Edwin Wilkins was the eldest ; Horace was 
an architect. Field was of diminutive sta- 
ture, with a noble head ; bis portrait has been 
engraved. He never forgot the distinction 
of his Cromwell blood; his extensive corre- 
spondence was both erudite and racy ; he was 
a genial host, and his conversation, in spite 
of hia constitutional deafness, waa very en- 
joyable. 

Field published a multitude of pamphlets 
and sermons, from his 1. ' Letter to the In- 
habitants of Warwick,' &c., 1791, 8vo, to his 
2. ' Letter to the Inhabitants ... of Kenil- 
worth,' &c., 1848, 12mo. In addition to 
these his chief publications were : 3, ' A 
Series of Questions ... as a Guide to the 
Critical Study of the Four Gospels.' &c., 1794, 
12mo ; second edition, printed 1805 ; copies 
were issued from time to time forprivate use 
(with various title-pages), but it was not pub- 
bshed till 1846, 12mo, with large introduc- 
tion. 4. ' An Historical and Descriptive 
Account of . . . Warwick and . . . Leam- 



'lelden 



<|iS 



Ficlden 



. ..t(jn,'5:c., Warwick, 1816, 8vo ( ftnon., ' »d- 

KniMRimt ' filmed VV. l-", ; pliitei). .V • Me- 

Wba nrilie K(n% Samuel Van, LL.D.', 18:}H. 

:, "^U. Kvo. 1-R'lil wa* a rrM|iH'nt contn- 

nor uf critical luid uttiiff wiiclea to tke 

^Monthly lU-iKwilwry' and ' Obriatian Ila- 

anoi7.' ' 

[RutlV Mem. of r*riml]07. 1832, ii. ?& iq. ; 

'iristijii) Rdfarmpr. 1816 p. TU^. 1848 p. 701, 

H (I. 840 ; SibrM irnd <>uitoii'« IixlciivadeDcy 

ricknhlra, l^M.v. 131 ;SiidlCT'it MMnoriu 

of E. W. Fn-H, 1873. p. i; Span's 

of l<nir. Wortliiw, 1877. p- S7 h). ; 

riT«t« iufprnutivu.] A. O. 



Is; 



FIELDEN, JOH>'0"»^lt^9).M.P. for 
^OMImm, WM born 17 .T«n, 17S4 i»t ijnm> Side, 
roclmorden. where liiit fnlher, origioall^ a 
veomsn, had &boiit the time of hU liirth Im— 
rgiin c<}t.toii-(-i}inninp oo ft vm- HmiteO wale. 
A* 1 boy ht^ w'oi'k^j tii hU ffttLer'n fsctory, 
ftnd in titter .Tt-ars ofl«o rcfonvd Co tlie t\' 
lutucioi) cuuKL-d by Li* daily toil, lie wan 
educated sufliriently to become nt MTentern 
a teachi;r in a Sunday school. His tilber 
ivaa n <|imk«r aiid a tory, btit Fit-ldmi grew 
ap a ladiral, and iiltimntciv became a uni- 

itarian. He was admilti^ into pHrtnenthip 
by hia fathi^, aft.T whoise df«th in I Hi I he 
CODduct«d with his brothers the busin>.-8« uf 
the firm of Firldcn Brothwfi, Watorside .Mills, 
Todmordeii, which arvw to be one of the 
liirfreat coltoii-maniiiiicttinnff conccmtt in the 
Ututtfd KiQjfilom. He look an acuve pan in 
Uin tarlier movement fur limiting the hoiuv 
lOf facLary labuar, aadin thuugitniiun fur par- 
ItmnmtlAry lYiforiu. II>! -naa an ardent dis- 
ciple of ('i)bbett,speriallye>'mpalbiBit;g with 
liin husi ilil y to paper money, and to llweoCODd 
Sir llrthiTl. PrtsVm-iirreiicy iwaauro of 16iU. 
When (hf Itpform Bill of 1832 mode OMhani 
apnTlintncntiiry l)on>ugh with two manlxna, 
.be oonoeDt^d to bei*omea candidate, only be- 
teauw be hoped to briDif i n Cobbel t nloof; with 
lliim. Botli wem rt-ttimitd by Inrpi majori> 
tiot. Fielden headin)> th^ poll llis first ap- 
tpraTance in the parliament of 1633 waa as 
[accondcrof anain«n<lm«ni moved by Cobbett 
jtutheoddrrvs, andhe nIsoi!coandfdCobbett'a 

jlulioD fur ivmrjvitiK I'wl fn'Oi lh« privy 

froiuir-il, whiHi, byonhroflbi! lloiiit«of Cnm- 

munx, wip fxpiunTL'd from its joumala. In 

IftllTt, IHM7, nnd IH4I he wim nj^ain n^umed 

I for Oldham. In th« House of Onmranns ha 

did not ahino lu on orator, llis voice waa 

very «vak ; h-- *[»-•.(;(- witli a strong pt«vincial 

laomit, and neither bis elaborate indiutrinl 

latatiMUta oor the tiiinule detoihi of Lis d^ 

iHriptiou of diMDJSN in tlio manufacturing 

district* Wi-n? apfineiatt^d by the hoUM. llis 

, n^mrtly for iha: distress was agnM twluctina 



of naticMtftl pxpenditure aiul the subiititutioD 
of a property iJix for duties on articled ot 
general ronsmnirt tun. Tothw nt-w poor law he 
was irTMwncilahly ho«tile. He was a Htrunu- 
0tii> i*iippur[rr cf the Ten Hours llill, with 
the conduct of wluch in the Hnusc <if Com- 
moiu Lord A»h]vy(afl^rwitrdii Kiirldf Shaft e*> 
bury) wafl chargtsl in ll^'t. Fielden's indus- 
irial position and early pvrsona! ■'xpvnvncw 
of factory litboiir RRvu great value to hia 
parliamcniary supixirt of tluji measure. Ha 
indeed went furtner than his roiuiervativ« 
allien, and di-mandcd an eight hour* hill in 
the interest both of masters and m»n. He 
held that a lessened demand for cotton would 
cauae iho price to fall, i'lii* view, enforced, by 
n>aM>ning drawn from his peculiar opinions (m 
the eurrvucy quostioa. hv explaiwAl L-pi»odip 
caily in llie most striking of bis pamphleta, 
'The Oupse of the Factory Syatem,' 1836. 
Attention was dmwn to the pamphlet in an 
article on 'The Facton- System' in the 
' (jnnrterly Review ' for Dcwmb*r 1 «tfl. On 
Lord Asbley'.-) temporary witlidrawnl from 
the House of Commons in Januair 1846 the 
parliamentary conduct of the Too Hours Bill 
waa uutrustvd lo I'ielden, who moved its 
second reatling:^ April I84tl It waa rejectad 
by a m^ority of ti*R. On 10 Feb. ItMT 
I-iolden again mov(.-d the second reading, 
which was carried by 101 to 68, memhon of 
tbe new whig giivvrumeiit voting for it while 
intimating tliathaoammicteetbey would inflist 
on "iitl'in g the meaautv an t'1«v<.*M hours bilL 
. This intention, however, they alianitoned, and 
' the Ten Hours Uill soon unurwanls beciuiw 
I law. At the g<-n<n-al election of 1647 Kielden'a 
' cnniiidaturv for Uldluuu was unsucvesafnl, 
and he did not attempt to re-enter tbe Iloute 
of Commons. TTe died at SkcgnMS 20 Mav 
1B49, and was buried at the unitarian chapel, 
Todinorden. He was a men of great sim* 
jiUcity and iiitv)fTiiy of cbaracti^r. To hta 
svrepnthiaers he waa ' honest John FieldeO.' 
f^me of tliose of his own class whu disliked 
tbe factory k'gislatiim which he advocated 
and bis iH'rtinacioiLi advocacy of it called him 
'the aeff-acting mule' (W. CooKR TatIjOH, 
Life attd Timen of Sir H. iW, i. 1(M). Lord 
9liafte«bury(Ji^)«rcAM,lK66,pvelarr,p.o) haa 
recorded hia aouw of the value of ilu> aid, by 
no mcwnooafined to parliament, given him 
by Fielden, and of the 'weight' whioh bit 
'ainfolar experience, leal, and diainlon«ted- 
oess bfatowudon FieldenssuptiortoflheTwn 
nnnrs ItiU in the HouKt of C«>mmon«. In 
April 187r>nbm«xe statue of Fivldenhy Foley 
was placed on the north side of Todmordon 
town ball in recognition of hts serricva to 
factory leirislalton, tbe cost being rlefn^ed by 
subtKiriptJuss from ilie factory opcratitca of 



Fielding 



416 



Fielding 



the United Kin^om (Kellit, Directory of 
Lancfuhire, 1887, p. 783). 

Fielden also wrote : 1. 'TheMiscbiefsand 
Iniquities of Paper Money,' 1832, with a pre- 
face by Cobbett. 2. ' National Regeneration,' 
1834. S. ' A Selection of Facte and Argu- 
ments in favour of the Ten Hours Bill,' 1H45. 
None of these pamphlets are in the British 
Museum. 4. ' Important Speech on the Sugar 
Duties, 9 May 1841.' 

[Colonel Fiifhwick's Genealugicnl MemorinI of 
the Funiily of Fielden of Todmordon (priyately | 
printed), 18*4; The History of the Factory , 
Movement hj Alfred (i.e. Sitmufl Kydd). 18A7 ; ! 
Illustrated London News, 8 May 1847 ; Hodder'B j 
Life of the Earl of Shaftesbury, 1886 ; Cobbea's 
Political Kegist«r, Tola. Ixxvi. and IxxTJi. ; Han- 1 
aanl's Piirli;imentarj- Debates ; Catalogue of the 
MancheHter Free Library and commuuications { 
from its chief librarian, Mr. C. W. Sutton ; autho- , 
ritioj cited.] F. R ' 

FIELDING, ANTONY VANDYKE I 
COPLEY (1787-1855), water-colourpainter, , 
was the second and most distin^uisued son 
of Nathan Theodore Fielding [q. v.] He 
was bom in 1787, and probablv received his ; 
first instruction in art from his father, but 
he studied under John Varley, and was one 
of the young artists who used to meet at Dr. 1 
Monro 8 in the Adelphi. In 1810 he com- 
menced to exhibit at the (now Koyn!) So- 
ciety of Pttintora in Water-colours, and the 
yeiir nfttTwards at the Koyal Academy. To 
thir oxhibitiona of the latter he Bcnt only 
seventeen pictures in nil, and though he sfut 
as many as a hundred during his life to the ' 
British Institution, it ^'as to the Water- 
colour Society that he devoted himself. He ' 
became a full member of this society in 181;1, | 
treasurer in 1817, secretary in 1818, and 
president from 18-31 to his death. He was 1 
a constant and very large contributor to its '■ 
exhibitions. In 1819 he sent seventy-one 
drawings (in forty-six frames), and in lB:iO ' 
fifty-three drawings (in forty-three frames), | 
and for many years his contributions averaged : 
between forty and fifty. A good many of ' 
the.fe are said to liave been drawings exe- I 
cuted as lessons for hi.s pupils. He was one : 
of the most fashionable drawing-masters of; 
his day. In 1824 he, as well as Constable 
and Bonington, was awarded a medal at the 
Paris Salon. He married a Miss Gisborne, 
thedaughterofZflcliariahGisborne, and sister 
of Mrs. John Varley. After a life ent irely de- 
voted to his profession, lie died at Worthing 
on .'1 March 1801'), and was buried at Hove. 
For some years before his death he had spent 
much of his time at Worthing and Brighton, 
and it was in painting the Sussex Downs that 
he achieved perhaps his greatest success as a 



painter; but he wu celebrated also for bis 
storm scenes at sea, and for his drawings of 
lake and mountain scenery in Scotland, W^ee, 
and the north of England. He also painted 
a few Italian scenes, out these were from the 
sketches of others. He never went abroad. 
He occasionally painted in oil, and one of 
his oil paintings is in the South Kensington 
Museum, together with eighteen of his water- 
colour drawinge. He was distin^ished by 
the courtesy of his manners, and his industiy 
and popularity enabled him to amass a coit- 
aiderable fortune. 

Fielding was an elegant and orif^inal arti«t, 
special^ skilled in obtaining subtle grada- 
tions of^^tone, and in rendering delicate effects 
of light and mist. Notwithstandini^ that a 
great deal of his work, especially in his later 
years, was slight and mannered, he holds a 
distinguished place in the history of the water- 
colour school. 

[Radgrave'sDict. of Artists; Rcdgravea'Centary 
of Paintflra; Graves's Diet, of Artists; English 
Cyclopedia ; Chesnoau's English School of Pniat- 
ing ; Vokins'sLoan Collection CaL 1 886.] C. M. 

FIELDING, BASIL, second Eabl op 
Desbigu {d. 1675). [See Feildiso.] 

PIELDINO, HENRY (1707-1754), no- 
velist, bom at Sharpham Park, near Glaston- 
bury, Somersetshire, 22 April 1707, was the 
son of Edmund Fielding,alterwards a general 
in the army,by Sarah, daughter ofSir Henry 
Gould of Sharpham Park, a judge of the king's 
bench. Edmund Fielding was third son of 
John Fielding, canon of Salisbury, grandson 
of George Feilding, earl of Desmond, and 
great-grandson of William Feilding, first earl 
of Denbigh [q. v.] The motherof Lady Mary 
W. Montagu was also a granddaughter of the 
Earl of I>«!mond, and Lady Mary was thus 
Henry Fielding's second cousin. Kippis re- 
[TOrts the familiar anecdote that the novelist 
accounted for the difference between his name 
and that of the other Feildings by saying 
that bia branch of the family had been the 
first to learn to spell (Nichols, Ut. Anted. 
iii. 384). Soon after Edmund Fielding's mat^ 
riage, Sir Henry Gould made a will (March 
1706) leaving 3,000/. to be invested in an 
estate for the sole use of his daughter and 
her children. Her husband, probably for 
good reasons, was to have 'nothing to do 
with it.' Two daughters, Catharine and Ur- 
sula, were apparently bom at Sharpham. 
After Gould's death '(March 1710) the Ed- 
mund Fieldings moved to East Stour (or 
Slower) in Dorsetshire, where were bom 
Sarah [q. v.l, Anne (died young), Beatrice, 
and Edmund who entered the navy and died 
without children. The four sisters survived 



Fielding 



417 



'iclding 




their brotber anil wktm kuown tn KtcUttnlAon 

Hix. &3if ; MvKriiT). Hi'orv wm (NliiontMc! by 
^K^Mr. 01iT«r, ciiratA af iioicumhe. nidd by 
^Dlviiliy to be iJie ori^ianl of IViiUiber, and 
^^t ]%Ton, w-bL-n' lio vha a onnt«mponirT of 
^^Gootgo Lvtiflloa, Obarles Iluibur^ (nAer- 
wutl*Wi[liuiis),Bnd\Viutitn)^on,hiefrienila 
in later Lifi;, and lilsoorPili, b'ox, uud Cbarlua 
PniLl (Lord CswdenV He liw) hardly left 
Etou when b^ hfid a ttormy lore-ftAtir with 
Sarah, oaly dau^Lk-r oad hwrow of Solomun 
merdiAnl of Lymp R^s. Her 
r wu dead, and hvr (^urdiaa, Andn-w 
T, c»TDpIaiiw<l I ill NovrTD Iwr 1 72A ) 1 tial 
le went in fmr a( his lifefnim thn bfhHviour 
fof Fi^Minjf Hnd hi« man. Misa Androw wan 
mm t-iAriiillki^ririiardian, ^f^, Rhndes of Mod- 
bury I" Soutb bvToiuhire, to whom bod ahe 
w marriod soon nftonrnTdt (17^) {At^ 
n*mn. 10 Nor. ]d»6 and 2 June 188^; ex- 
tmclA from Lyme fiegia nworda). Fii>ldiDg 
modL- a burl»4|uc Iraoilatiou uf part of Lhe 
WH'find uMiTT' of Juvenal, afterwards printed 
in till- ' Mi&ofIla&ie«.' Thu, ho says, wae thu 
* onlv ruvi7n>;>.< Inkim by nn injiirvd Iotit' 
(Prfilaoe to .ViVeZ/ffjiwa). He was sent to 
^stiidjr taw at Leydcn under the 'learned Vi- 
^Krianiu.' He ia'juiid to hare studied hard ; 
^^but lu.* certainly iK-^au to write plays daring 
hi» stiidcRldbip. A fniluru of rftnillancM, 
irdingi'iMnrptiy, caused hi.'iroiurn. Hts 
Ltbwr haij □lurrictt a widow, Kliiabetb Iliua, 
whom bo bod hix Mins, including John 
V. i lie numinaUy allowed bia aoa WOl. 
, but, Oft the Boa used to wy (HrRfHT), 
^DdTmigbl |i»T it iLnt would.' Kdniund 
Ihj; IteeaiBc a inajor-£rnM>ral in 1 7A&, and 
dill ^BtfTHl iV.i ill May 1741. 

i'VliMiit; waxn niaii of f^rofitcotiiililiitioiul 

Tuour ; ovi>r i-ix foft in heigbt, and nimark- 

aMTpcm-prfiil and active. lli> thrvw liimnelf 

Qucialy into tim pUro.'iiire'i of I^indon life, 

d to supply biH waiitK bad (o cbooee<M. 

r.SfoSTAor. IKi7.ni.l»:'.il)clw.-cn thi!c«fyfr 

a bni:kn>-y c>«iolim)ui nti<l tb« career of a 

ritcr. Ii»b«i^an by writing pUys, 

<>ft]iruflUbl8kiadoilit«rotur& Bis 

j/ I'ltinanc^, ' I^tc in aevcral Maaquet * 

cotncdv of tilt) Con^VL' ecbool — was 

' ■' "-■'■ ' -- '■ lMTiai^l7:»8. 

ih^kiniliips^ 

,. . . .: - . . . , ........ Ir.i 1 1-0 TV1>I*U 

ion.' Irwoiil.i llH'r^-foPt* aiipoar that 

ideiMi) nnil L-t.'M^iinIv tii- -r iii.fii.-iat Loy- 

Ibr^nii:' iiarturiN 

1. ' burn'oa 

I AH a, bidi*x ; and 

' in ContMt'U Mag. 

" whti-)i would A|H 

l.^'ydeu. llwplay, 





though ecllnwd by the contemporary 'B^-r- 
ffar'aOpera, wai wdlreovivud. Amorecafc»> 
fully written comedy iu the wunu vein, ihft 
* To tnplo B«au,' waa acted in January 1 730 at 
Oo^KliuttD'H Fir-Ids. FirldingnowbecaiDear^ 
(pilar playwripht,«nd before the age of thirty 
producvd a Kn.->t number of comedies, farces, 
and barlfiAqaea. He wrolo in hii^tv whaterer 
was likely to oatch the public. Ho had finr 
KCniplw uf (tuliciicT, though be claims a cer- 
tain nioml puriiottri for ^uflicicmly ofienAiT» 
performancvH. Ev«n tbt«* Modern iluabood* 
(1732), om' of tbr courMSt, dedicatM to Sir 
itol*ert WaljHil"?, aud nwpectfully (tubmicted 
to Lady 31ury Wortlev Uoataffu (an ap|MMir» 
from luMvn> pubUabra in her life), wan in- 
tended, according to the prologue, to make 
' modem rice detestable.' Two adaptation* 
from Molier*. the 'Mock Doctor' (1732), 
from tlie ' M^ecin malerfi lui,' and the 
' MUer* 073S), from the 'Arare,' antcar to- 
bare been amoiif; his moet sueeeeafm come- 
dies. Ilia burle«iues, howerer, gave the £r»l 
intimation of hia real genius. Tbe farce of 
' Ton Thumb.' act«d at the Haymarkei in 
173^1, and with an addiiioiial act in 1731, in 
wbicli hii burli^'qu^ti oil tho popular play- 
wrighta of the day, i« atill amusing, and long 
kept tbo btage in s v^inn by Kaiie U'Hora 
(1780). Acconliiig Uj Mrc. Pilkington (Me- 
main, Ui. OA), 8wifi told h^r thnt be hod 
only laiigli«-d lwi<<a in lus life, once at Tom 
Thumb'.t killing lh» ghost. She adds that 
Swift admired Fielding's wit. A oontomp- 
tuous refcntnce to hint in the 'Rhapsody'' 
was afterwards altered by the nubstitatioo 
of the Laureate* (Cobber) for Ftotding. Is 

Site uf thu oblivion into which ilif objeets 
bin satire bavn fallen, it boa not yet lout 
the claim due to its exuberant fun. 

llelding's plays only Sllfd bia pockets for 
the mbtoeiil. Tbt- animymoiis author of ' A 
SesMHsble Kcproof (17Hn)d>-Acribeshiin aa 
api<>tanng imt; day in tbe velvet which wa» 
in pawn thn day bi'fore. A buri«Milie ai^ 
thorV will (ivprintMl from Oldys's ' Unirvrtal 
Hpet-intor* in tbe ' Qentlcman's Magaslne,' 
July 1731 1 ridicules bis taste and carvlMs- 
ness. A tlory has ofVen been reprinted tlutt 
Fielding kipt a l»>ilb nt llaitb<jlomew fair in 
1 1'M. It is, h'^wever, conclusively shown by 
Mr. F. Lstruilk' tAD/Mowf ObstTm, r>ib ser. 
ill. W_>) tlutr the booth was nmlly kept by 
Timothy Fioldini.', an artor. 

In tbe autiimniif 1733 a revolt, headed by 
Tbeophilua CihU'r, lo«ik awav many of tho 
actors from Urury l^une, which was further 
tbreaienod by the competition of a nuw 
tfa(«ifv> in (.'ovcni CUrdeo. Fielding thought 
tliat llighmore, the patentee at Ilmir I^ne, 
had baoi bodly tmMd. Ho heartily t>a\>^ 

SB 



Fielding 



418 



Fielding 



ported the * distreBSed acton' at Drurr Lane. 
Mrs. Clive ako stood by them. For her 
FIttldinR adapted the ' Intrij?uing Chamber- 
maid ' from R^nard's ' Retour Imprfivu ' (not 
from ' l^e jPiBSipateur ' by Destouchee, as has 
beeneTTOneoualy stated). ItwasactedlSJau. 
1734, and published with a prefatory epistle, 
in which Mrs. Clive received very warm and 
' obviously sincere compliments. The ' Au- 
thor's Farce,' originally produced in 1730, 
was revived on the same occasion, with ad- 
ditional scenes smartly satirising the Cibbere. 
From their action on this occasion, and from 
a natural antipathy to their charactets, field- 
ing henceforward carried on a steady warfare 
against both father and son. He remodelled a 
play already begun at Leyden, ' Don Quixote in 
England,' for the Drury Lane company. It con- 
tains some good political satire, hut is chiefly 
remarkable as a proof of Fielding's lifelong 
admiration of Cervantes. The return of the 
revolted players to Drury Lane caused its 
transference to the Haymarket, where it was 
acted in April 1734. In the beginning of 
1735 the farce called finally * The Virgin 
Unmasked,' written for Mrs. Clive, and a 
comedy called 'The Universal Gallant,' and 
deservedlydamned,were^cted at Drury Lane. 
A period of inactivity followed, to which 
his first marriage has been generally asaiKned. 
In the preface to the ' Universal Gallant,' 
dated 12 Feb. 173.5. there is an incidental 
reference to a ' fnmily,' which may possibly 
imply an earlier date. The lady was Char- 
lotte Cradock, one of thr«;e sisters living on 
their own means at Salisbury, Richardson 
says that she was an illegitimate child (Cor- 
renpondence, iv. 09). Murphy states that she 
hnd 1,500/., and that 'his mother dying 
about this time ' (in reality seventeen years 
before) he inherited an fstate of about 200/. 
a year at Slower in Dorsetshire. Hisextni- 
vagance and conviviality, according to the 
same authority, ' entirely devoured ' her ' little 
patrimony ' ' in leas than three years.' The 
' costly yellow liveries' of his serviints men- 
tioned by Murphy really belonged to Robert 
Feilding [q. v.] The statement is unsalis- 
factorv', but it is probable that Booth's ac- 
count in 'Amelia' of his life in the country 
represents the facts: that Fielding was ex- 
travagant, and that the neighbouring squires 
disliked and misrepresented the Londoner, 
who certainly had an eye for their foibles. 
Love poems to 'Celia,' printed in the ' Mis- 
cellanies,' show thot Fielding must havebeen 
already courting Miss Cradock in 1730. The 
Sophia of * Tom Jones ' clearly represents her 
person (bk. iv. ch. ii.), and probably her 
mind. Lady Louisa Stuart, in the anecdotes 
prefixed to Lady Mary W, Montagu's works, 



saya that she was as beautiful and amiable 
as the ' Amelia.' Amelia, according to Ri- 
chardson {ib. iv. 60), was his first wife, ' even 
to her noselessnesB.' Lady L. Stoart also 
says that she had really suffered the accident 
described in the novel, ' a frightful overturn, 
which destroyed the gristle of her nose.' The 
husband and wife loved each otherpassion- 
atoly, and in spite of the errors of Finding's 
earlier life he was always a devoted husbwd 
and father. 

Fielding was back in London in the b^in- 
ning of 1736, when he took the little theatre 
in the Haymarket. He opened it with his 
' Poaquin ; a Dramatick Satire on the Times,' 
in which, in a series of scenes on the plan of 
the ' Rehearsal,' he attacks the political cor^ 
niption of Walpole's time. Mn. Charke 
[q. v.] {^Narrative, p. 63) acted in this, and 
niade sixty guineas at her benefit. The piece 
badanmof fifty nights; and he endeavoured 
to follow it op next year by the ' Historical 
Register for 1736.' This contains a sharp 
attack upon Sir Robert Walpole as Quidam 
(CoXB, I4fe of Walpole). Fielding was a 
strong whig, but was now joining with moat 
of his distinguished contemporaries of all 

Jartiee in the opposition to the mimstry. Sa 
ohn Barnard n&d already, in 1735, brought 
in a bill to restrict the license of the stage. 
It is said (t£. i. 516) that Giffard, manager 
of Goodman's Fields, showed a manuscript 
farce called 'The Golden Rump' to Walple. 
Horace Walpole attributes this to Fielding, 
and says {Memoirs of George II, i. 12) that 
he found a copy among his father's papers. 
Sir Robert Walpole bought the copy, and 
read a selection of objectionable passages to 
the house {BainblerU Meyaxine, 1787). It is 
also alleged that "Walpole had himself pro- 
cured it to be written in order to give a pro- 
text for restrictive measures. This is highly 
improbable. In any cose, a bill was intro- 
duced in 1737, making a license from the 
lord chamberlain necessary for all dramatic 
performances. It was opposed in a famous 
speech by Lord Chesterfield, who, at the same 
time, spoke, perhaps ironically, of the exces- 
sive license of 'Pasquin.' The bill received 
the royal assent 21 June 1737, and put an 
end to Fielding's enterprise. He produced 
three flimsy pieces in the early part of 1 737, 
Two plays afterwards produced, the ' Wed- 
ding Day ' (1743) and the posthumous ' Good- 
natured Man,' had been written long before. 
Fielding thus gave up play-writing at the 
age of tliirty, and for the rest of his life 
laboured hard to retrieve his fortune and 
maintain his family. He entered the Middle 
Temple (1 Nov. 1737), when he is described 
as of ' East Stour.' Mu^hy says that he stu- 



Fielding 



419 



Fielding 



ied vigoroiwly, and oft«n left n t«%-eni late 
It nijrht to uhstmct the worlra of ' a'batriwe 
liithorG 'for seven) boare. Jle was called ta 
Jif bur 1*0 June 1740, and jnincd the veMem 
"rcuit. llei'(:iaiJ(lIi-Tfiiixs,Z)ur»fi/)toLiivin 
{iilarlv alltnd^ llie WillsJiire iU!S»ioiu ; 
bill li>i rlii.i imt siictyt'd hi lliulwr. Mliilo 
iBtudeiilnl lliH'JVui|>i<>liejoin«d wilh Jamv^ 
*"'"' r<|-v.] in editiiiK a popiftdiMl patwr 
llifi Clumpioa.' Ualpti wsa at tnte 
Imp much pinplovMl )iy the adth-rvnix of 
Ffwl iTtcl^ prince of Wnleg. an d pspec-ially hy 
nfTtori, to whom, in 1741, Fi«^ldiR|{ nd- 
I a pwtical epistle an 'Trufi On«tnc«N.' 
''Cbanipion' is nn^ of the iniiuinftrabli} 
imitAtioiu (if the 'Spectator;' and Fiplding's 
(pigDed 0. and L.>arv ali^uiptB lo 
a nearly f^shaiuted voin. AVItile tkA 
^Cbatninoii * was nniniutr, Cibbor publiehed 
his ' A[>nlo^.' In thf t-i^htb chapter there 
wn! Bome irntalttt^ references to Fielding 
«a * tiirokr'n wit,' who had anu^t notoriety 
by pGrsunalsciirnlilyandabuAeofUiegnTera- 
at, Fi«ldini;retort<>d by* rigoroiu attack 
tho 'CUampion,' Tlie jinptm vren re- 
lied by Ciirll in a pamplilt-t called 'Tlio 
nil iif OoUpv Cibbor, romtiiinn.' An 
(Apology- lor the Life of Mr. Tl]«. Cibb«r, 
"^oiDfJiftM' 0740), bs& also been altribuUwi 
Fi><ldiii(;, but thjL> inlumal u\'iden(!8 is cnn- 
lujtivo ft(iatii>l an aUribiilion -whicli nvUt 
Ipon nfK s;iif«fi, 
ilichiinlHin's 'I^mola' appeared in So- 
fta\w 1740, and at nnnt Mcamo popular. 
'ipMin^;, irretiitibly amused by the prudery 
ei-Tstimciitatinni of th« book, began a 
in wliioh I'unela's brotbcr wu to bu 
fttf a lady as PnmeU is tempted hy 
toh Th« book, m11«1 'Tho llistory 
(fltrmtup*^ of JotKinb Aiidr>.'>rit md 
friend Mr. .Xhraham Ailams,' dc-velopMl 
it wiLt. wrin-n, ■■♦pt-cially by the inlto- 
inn (if tLi- famoii.H I'lLTSon Adoma. It i> 
lonllr admitti?d thai the nrototrpe of 
ihitm WAX William Vounff ('•- 17ii^ ), whq 
lad iiuinv "f ihf parson'it nddicira, and wlio 
.17. k toco-op«!r«tewithFietdinK 

a ! . 11 of Luctan. never (■tocmcA 
11M111,; Kj-Mii-f'f thill in tho 'Oivent (iar<)i*n 
r(inmAl,'an<lr''niarl[B thai ho fans' formed hU 
.i-rv«uth«r'(I.ucianl. Vuiiiu 
; wilh Fidlding in 'I'liimZ* 
vn into ArifltuiriuuiM, in 174s. 
Jrewa ' profaMM to ba wtiUvd in 
~ the manner of Oerranim, and 
I hav(t also bwm traced lo Miri> 

' Marianne ' an ' - ■ "^i ■ ' ■ P'-Tinn 

t'<l»oibcf «■!, .it 

ilnn''.' ^.i-i.'ii. . . 1 lie 

1713. Tha 
,--_i.j.: i, y. ^, ^rcaerred tu 



th(i Foraior coltts^tion at South KcnaingtoDi 
shows that Fielding received for it 18.1/. lU. 
Kicitordson twontrd Fit'ldinf^'ji aitudc Trith 
a bittorneM which liodH ImiiiHEit rnntiti bis 
corrufpondvace, even with Sarah Fielding, 
Hud is nut the b's^s oflV>ni«ive bvcKuse it takes 
a hi^h moral tone. Citati'^ns from soma 
1pI.i.t« to Auron JIUluullusdaugbt«ragiviiji 
by Mr. Austin IJobson (pp. ISi-lO), froai 
tbo original."! in the Forster collection, curi- 
ously illu«itrBt« a fwhu^t which appears never 
to iuix^ been rctortwJ hr Fielding. 

The same Bssisiinwnt iiicludv« n payiuvot 
of W. S». to Fielding for a ' Vindication ' of 
the Duchea* of Morlljurough't acuuunt of lier 
conduct. Fielding prolwibly recitirrd oonie 
additioual paymviit frum the du<!hisa. Oar- 
rick was now making lit* Gnl n»|H!iiranc« in 
London. Hawkins {Ljff of Ji-An*vi»f p, 45) 
»av.^ tloit hr (t»T« a privalo performance of 
Fielding'H '3lookl>octor' at Cave's rooms in 
St. John'a Gale. lie asked Fielding, whom 
anjuointannc ht! aoon made, to pro\-idcap*rt 
for him. Fielding bad two early plny» by 
him, I he * GotKl-nalurvd Man ' and'ihe ' W'cd- 
ding Day.' He revit«d tha lalt«r, though 

freatly troubled by a dangerooR illnr-M of 
la wifi;, and it was produnid 17 Feb. 174i1. 
It ran only nix iiigbtn, and llm authur niiulu 
iiiulur 50/. ( IVefacc to JtfMMtiiimiu). Mnrphy 
aay* tliut Fitddtng had refused to alter a 
dan^rous iM&Aage, Mfing ' Damn thera [the 
ntutivncej, let them lind Ihat out,' ^\^« 
it was actually hi!u>>d, h'- waft drinking a 
bottle of cbampiigne and clicwinff tobeceo 
(umultAMOusly, it is susgosted) in toe green- 
room. IleariBg that Uw puugohaa hMn 
hiosed, ho obaerred ' Oh, Oftmn them, they 
hare found it out, bare they ? ' The storr 
mnf>t be taken for what it i» worth, and 
Fielding's r«inarks on the failure 4 /'^■^ ithow 
tiial bis inuuilnlity wuio any caseootpei^ 
maiieiit. llie play was published in Fi-bruar^ 
174^. liil743alM>apf)eii»dliuthree volumea 
of 'Mtvc'-llitnind,' which reached n second 
edition inlbeRomcyear. The book won pab- 
li>hi!>d by etibscription, and the liM meotionM 
overfotirliiindrtilsubM!ribfr^,tncliulingman^ 
■ tier»ons of qualily,' lawyers, and oolore, lltfc 
old cnomr, Itoberl Wolpoie, now Eaxl of Or- 
ford, took t«n eonus; and Fiddiog tDonlui 
womlyof htm iunis'Voyag«to Lisbon.' llm 
nunibcrafoopJeesubacribcdiorwaB&ld, which 
would apparently produce about 4^)^/. It io' 
c1u(I{>ia soma pronously nuhlisbed piecea and 
early ptxrav, and mtim-tlaiwous ossaya oimI 
plays ; hilt t he two inoAt nrmarkahlo it«nu on 
the' Joumey from this World :otheN«Xt'— 
includingMMiK- clover satire and a pasMLgndc- 
sotibing a mcrting with a dtiod child, which 
was gittolly admired by Uicketia {Lettm, i. 



Fielding 



420 



Fielding 



S94)— and the life of ' Jonath&n Wild the 
Great,' which occupies the whole of the third 
Tolume. It is one of Fielding's most power- 
ful pieces of satire, and is scarcely eurpasft- 
able in its peculiar kind, unless by Thacke- 
ray's * Barry Lyndon.' 

Fielding probably lost his wife soon after- 
wards, d the preface he says he was ' laid 
up with the gout ' in the winter of 1742-3, 
* with a favourite child dying in one bed, and 
my wife in a condition very little better on 
another, attended with other circumstances' 
(probably bailiBs), ' which served as very 
proper decorations to such a scene.' He de- 
clared that he has written nothing in any pub- 
lic paper since June 1741, and that he never 
waa or would be ' author of any anonymous 
scandal on the private history or family of 
any person whatever.' He solemnly promises 
that he will never again write anonymously. 
Other references prove that his wife was still 
alive and allude to the loss of a daughter, 
' one of the very loveliest creatures ever seen ' 
(see AuBnMDoBSOH, pp. 107,108). The wife, 
whose health had suffered from the struggles 
which they had to undergo, probably died at 
the end of'^1748. Fielding, as Murphy says, 
was so broken down by the loss, that his 
friends feared for his reason. A daughter, 
Eleanor Harriett, Buri'ived and accompanied 
him on his last voyage to Lisbon. He speaks 
of a son and daughter in the ' True Patriot ' 
in November 1745, though apparently no 
son Bur^-ived his first wife. The burial of 
a James Fielding, son of Henry Fielding, is 
recorded on 19 Feb. 1730 in the register of 
St. Gilea-in-the-Fields (lA. p. 1 10). 

A preface to the ' David Simple ' (1744) of 
hia fiistor, Snrah Fielding [q. v.], disclaims 
various anonymous works attributed to him, 
especially the ' Causidicade,' and complains of 
the reports as likely to injure him in a profes- 
sion in which he is entirely absorbed. He re- 
nounces all literary ambition, but in the same 
breath withdraws his promise to write no 
more. During the rebellion of 1743 he puV 
lished the ' True Patriot,' a weekly paper in 
support of the government, and in December 
1747 the ' Jacobite's Journal,' continued till 
November 1748, continuing the same design. 
A rude woodcut at the head has been attri- 
buted to Hogarth, one of the friends whom 
Fielding never tired of praising. A compli- 
ment to ' Clarissa Harlowe ' is also note- 
worthy. 

On i7 Nov, 1747 Fielding was married, at 
St. Benet's, Paul's Wharf, to Mary Daniel 
(whose name has abo been jriren as Mac- 
Daniel and Macdonsld^. She is described in 
the register as ' of St. Clement Danes, Middle- 
sex, Spinster,' Their first child was chrifr- 



tened three months afterwards. lAdyLonisk 
Stuart reports that the second wife had been 
the m&id of the first wife. She had ' Cbw 
personal charms,' but bad been stronf^y at- 
tached to her mistress, and had sympathised 
with Fielding's sorrow at her loss. He told 
his friends that be could not find a better 
mother for his children or nurse for himself. 
The result fullyjuatified his optnioo. Abont 
the time of his maniage Fieliung was living 
at Back Lane, Twickenham, 'a quaint, ol£ 
bshioned wooden structure,' demolished b^ 
tween 1872 and 1883 (R. S. CoBBBTT, Jfo- 
mortals of TvncJxnham, pp. 358-9). 

In December 1748 Fielding waa appointed 
a justice of the peace for We8tniinst«r. He 
moved to Bow Street, to a house belonging 
to the Duke of Bedford {Be^ord Cor. i. 688, 
ii. 36). He was afterwards qualified to act 
for Middlesex. The appointment was due 
to his old schoolfellow Lyttelton, who had 
introduced him to the Duke of Bedford (dfr< 
dication of Tom Jonea). In the dedication 
of 'Tom Jones 'Fielding says that he 'partly 
owea his existence to Lyttelton during his 
composition of the book,' and that it would 
never have been completed without Lyt- 
telton's help. Sir John Fielding [q. v.l 
speaks of ' a princely instance of generosity 
shown by the Duke of Bedford to his brother, 
which is also acknowledged in the dedication. 
Another of Fielding's patrons was Ralph 
Allen, to whom there is a reference in ' Joseph 
Andrews.' Allen's name, however, does not 
appear among the subscribers to the ' Miscel- 
lanies.' Derrick says that AUen sent Field- 
ing a present of 200/. before making his ac- 
quaintance {^Letters, ii. 93). ' Tom Jones ' 
is said to have been written at Twerton-on- 
Avon.near Bath, where there is still a house 
called ' Fielding's Lodge '{Notes and Queries, 
5th ser. xi. 208). Fielding while at Twer- 
ton dined almost daily with Ralph Allen 
(KiLVEBT, 2ialpk Allen at Prior Park,lS57). 
These protectors, whose kindness is warmly 
acknowledged by Fielding, probably helped 
him through the years preceding his appoint- 
ment. 

' Tom Jones,' described in the dedication 
as the ' labour of some years of my life,' ap- 
peared on 28 Feb. 17^. Horace Walpole 
mentions {Letter*, by Cunningham, ii. 163), 
in May 1744,thBt Millar had paid him 600/. 
for the book, and had added 100/. upon its 
success {Notes and Queries, 6th ser. nii. 288, 
314, ix. ')4). Fielding's great novel was 
popular from the first. It has been trans- 
lated into French, German, Spanish, Dutch, 
Russian, and Swedish. It was dramatised 
at home and abroad. In 1769 Joseph Reed 
turned it into a comic opera, performed at 



I 



Onr«at Onnlen ; J. H. SwOtitu madn it into & 
Oertnaii coinr<.ly ; un<l iii I?6Jj-(l it wax tnn*- 
fonn«<l into a comMie Ijrrique by Paisainet, 
of which Mr. AiiEtin DntMoasires u amosinff 
■peciracn. In 178A ' Tom Jones A IjOcdrM, 
far a M. Desru^B, was played at the T1i6fttre 
A^Dfais. T)ii_- mortt rcct^ot adaptation is 
'Sophia,' b^ Mr. Kob<-rt Itticliaaan l.1$86), 
who hsM «iiic<> (ISBH) draiuatiii«d 'Joseph 
A»drew7i'aa'Jos^T>h'»Swptth«art." 'Amelia' 
i£)11uwad'ToniJon«)>'oiilt)De«.17Cl. Millar 
ia aaid to have paid 1,000/. for the copyright, 
Ha adopted amuu devices iu cunHWUL-nci; of 
n^iich a fVcood Mitinu wiucallwl for on the 
day nrpubltcarioo. John»m 'read it through 
witlioul »toppinj(' (BoswMX, 1 2 April 1 776), 
and ftaid that the heroine was 'ihe tnoet 
pleaniiitf of alt the mmancefl;' bitt hv addwd, 
"that vile broken nose, iwviffcurrd.npoilt thi' 
snii* ')f ticrliapa I he only book of which, bi'in); 
phuTcd off bttimcs ona morning-, a new udi- 
tion wuM calU-d for beforv night' (Piooat, 
Aneribiht, p. ^Ul). Yet Johnson preferred 
Sichardeon lo Fiiddin^, whom hu ciiik'd a , 
'.UodchMd,' hy whirh, ka Xik vxplaiimd, hu < 
meant *a bairpn rascal' (Bobwell, fl April 
177 i). Tho original edition of 'Aiw^liN'cyii- 
Uineil some ciiriniirt littl<^ puffs of a proposed 
'UtUTersal ltegisl*r Office' or udvertiBinu 
■gency.which Fii-lding with his hrolK.-r John 
vas endeavoariog to utart. l-'lelding's last 

Surely lit«rary pt-rformance was the ' Covent 
ardun Jourtuu,' u ht-woekly paper, from 
Jannaij to Nov<.>mber 17&2. It brought him 
TinoQBquamib with Sir John HiIlr>StnullL-lt, 
and Doiiui*!] Thnmltiii. 

FiMding was meanwhile labouring ener- 
gvtioaUy as a nisgiatnito. A j>a>«ag« in lh« 
kbo«'»-in«DlionM lett«T fmm Walimlc de- 
gerihw an introsion made upon Fielding by 
Ri^by and Peter Ratharsl. Thuy found nim 
at 8up|y-r on ma\« 'cnhl mulNtn and a bone 
of ham, holh in one di»h, and the dirtiest 
«lolli ■ \VithMm were 'a blind man '(c1«ariy 
hif ' ^ir John), 'a whore' (a polite 

wa,^ ! inghiB wife),and 'thrMuiah- 

neo.' ilighy, acootding to WnliwU', had 
often Men him * hue a piinM of 8ir C, 
■Williams,' and he had ' lived for virt uals ' at 
Itathurxt'a fulhiirV The iuudnnCe of Field- 
ing's vi&ilvra IH iihvinus, and Wulpole adds 
his owii col oaring. Tlie anecdote nhow* 
rallier that Fipldinfr's poHitinn woif deispiA^ 
by Walpoln's frieiide ihan lluit (her? was 
aujFthiug really ' huniilialinft' (in Scott's 
phfltM) about it. The poiition, howerer, of a 
josticft was at that tiiut> re)^rde<l with stiA- 
picion.Bsa|ipflantfK)m¥rerenc^iiiKit<lditig'# 
own pUyn- (*ti It? Slay ■"■tl' Fieldinir was 
tinaniRiou.ilv cIk'm'h r)iaimian uf ijuarlrr ms- 
at liiciu's llall, uid uti 20 June deli- 




vered a v«MT carwfiil and eerious char^ to 
the W«itt.iniii«t«r ifraad jury. Hu publishsd 
in the same year a pamphlet^ iusufyinr tba 
fXfcuiiun of one Bosavem Penlwi, convicted 
ofjoininj^inariotandtho plundtrof a hoose 
by some aailors, lo January 17&0 be pub- 
lished an ' Inquiir' into the mcreoM of rob- 
ben in LondoQ, wiih siuve«tioos for remedies. 
It was dedicated to JTardwicke, then lord 
clui tier Ucr, and inaiitts gravely upon the social 
evilfl of the time, especially upou tlw exce** 
siro gin-drinkiug which then caused much 
alarm, uiid lod to the nessagv of a n^tttrictivs 
hill that Aujuwer. Walpiile {Mrtaoirt <\f 
Gforye II. i. 44) mentions the influeaea of 
Fioldintt'* 'admirphin trmliw.' HogWth's 
famous ' Oin Lane,' published in Fehruarr 
I7&I, contributjBd to the imprvssioa du4> to 
his friiMid'fl uTiting. Fielding frwi neatly ad- 
veTlL»M in the ' Covent Garmsn Journal ' to 
rujuoet that notices of thefts and burglaries 
may be sent to his house in Bow Street, la 
\7nS he published and distrihtited a ciirioiui 
littlt) pamphlet giring accounts of providen- 
tial detectious of murderers. Iu January 
1753 he published u ' propoeal for making un 
i^ectual provisiun for t\m poor,' coiitaiuiujr 
ft very elaborate Bohi^me for the erection of 
a county pour-hotiee. FieldingV remarks 
upon Che operations of thr- no)ir laws show 
both kaowled^ and imelli^nt reHectioa, 
though he attroctanl little uttvotion at the 
lime. Later in ]7o3 h« bt^rauie coospici^us 
bv his conuection with the famous COM of 
l-!iiEah(ith Cunniu)^. He took [tee under 
CANXiira, E^LIZABBTHJ n questionable part 
in his seal to protect what ho regnrdea a« 
injureil iiinoceiiC4\ and dvl>'»de<l himself in 
a iiamiJtletcaUi?(l '.VdearCaienf the St«t« 
QlFlisabeth Canning.* Uowaa attacked hy 
Sir John Hill, and nei-mit tn hare taken a 
rather lingular view uf his duti>>«. In Mardi 
175i) he made a mid upon a ^mblini^hoii»e, 
where be fxpMted to Und ci-rtain highways 
men {Oft. Mag. March 1753). Hie health 
was now rapidly breaking, lie was easily 
|)Or«tioded lo adopt quack rsDwdies. At tlu> 
end of 174d he had a severe attocjc of fev«r 
and gout, and ^'os uii'kr the cure of Ur. 
ThomMin, who hud the credit of killing I'ope 
in 174-1 (Cahxhtuesh, p. 383> and Win- 
ningtnn in 1743, and was one of Uodingtoa'e 
haiicers-on (iieef't'Htii:ui.sMi,.lf^nuN>s). In 
17^1 be teetifies to the v&kX of a wonderful 
spring at Olaslonhiiry, which had been re- 
vealed iu a dream to'a man who wu cured 
of an asthma by its vrat«ri, Fielding de- 
rlarcs {Lvn'hn Dailtf A'tifrtiMr, 31 Ang, 
1751 ; Ornt. Mat/. SeMembur L76I) that b« 
j bad bt>Ha himself reuorvd fhim an illnMi. 
In August 1769, afWr taking ' th« Uuka ot 



Fielding 



4aa 



Fielding 



Portland's medicine' for nearly & year as a 
remedy for ^out, he was ordered to Bath. 
He was detained in London by a summons 
from the Duke of Newcastle to ^ve his ad- 
vice upon a scheme for suppresaing' robbers. 
Fielding devised a plan, which consisted in 
providing informers by a fund supplied for 
the purpose. He succeeded by great activity 
in brealcing up a gang, aad during the fol- 
lowing November and December London 
waa free from the usual outrages. His own 
health was completely ruined. He was 
harassed by anxiety tor his family. The 
justice was paid partly by fees. B^ making 
up quarrels and refusing the last shillings of 
the poor he reduced ' 600/. a year of the 
dirtiest money on earth to little more than 
300/.,' most of which went to his clerk. 
Something also came from the ' public ser- 
vice money.' Throughout the next summer 
he was failing. He was desperately ill in 
March 1764, when a severe winter still lin- 
gered, but gained some relief from the treat- 
ment of Ward, known for his ' drop.' In 
May he moved to his little house, Forahook, 
at Ealing. Berkeley's ' Siris ' put him upon 
drinking tar-water. He fancied that tnis, 
likehis other experiments, did him some good, 
but it became evident that there was no 
hope of real improvement except in a warmer 
climate. lie sailed for Lisbon with his wife, 
daughter, and two servants. He embarked 
at Itotherhithe 26 June 1754. After many 
delays his ship, the Queen of Portugal, an- 
chored off liyde on 1 1 July, and was detained 
until the 23rd, Lisbon was at last reached. 
The incidents of his voyage are detailed with 
great humour and with undiminished in- 
terest in life in the posthumously published 
' Journal of a Voyage to Lisbon,' Mr. Aus- 
tin Dobson rightly says that it is one ' of the 
most unfeigned and touching little tracts in 
our own or any other literature' A Margar<!t 
Coilior (RiCHARDsos, Corre'pondeitre, ii. 77), 
daughter of Arthur Collier [q. v.] [see Bex- 
bos, Collier, p. 16:i), apparently went with 
Fielding to Lisbon, and was supposed to have 
writlen the book, because it was so inferior 
to his other works. The gallant spirit with 
which Fielding met this trying experience 
doubtless sustained him to the last. lie died 
at Lisbon, after two months' stay, 8 Oct, 
1754. He was buried at the English ceme- 
tery. A tomb was erected by the English 
factorj', and was replaced in 1830 by another, 
erected through the exertions of the British 
chaplain, the Rev, Christopher Neville. Mrs, 
Fielding died at Canterbury 11 March 1802. 
The children were brought up by their uncle, 
Sir John, and by Ralph AUeu, who made 
them a liberal yearly allowance. These were 



(l)"William, baptised 26 Feb.1748; (2) Mary 
Amelia, 6 Jan. 1749 (buried 17 Dec. 1749) j 
(3) Sophia, 21 Jan. 1760 ; (4) Louisa, 3 Dec 
1752; (5) Allen, 6 April 1764. -William 
Fielding was called to the bar, joined th& 
northern circuit, and died in October 1820, 
having been for about twelve years a magi»- 
trate for Westminster {Oent. Mag. 1820, 
ii. 373-4). He is said to have inherited hia 
father's conversational powers, had a great 
store of anecdote, sang such songs as were 
popular on circuit, and was a favourite with 
the younger barristers, but had little business 
(LocKHABT, Ufe of Scott, ch. 1. ; Life of Lord 
Campbell, i. 197). Southey mentions in a 
letter to Sir EgertonBrydgos in 1830 that he 
had met Fieldmg about 1817, when he was a 
fine old man, though ' visibly shaken by time.' 
Allen became a cle^yman, and at his oeath in 
1823 was vicar of St. Stephen's, Canterbury. 

The only authentic portrait of Fielding is 
from a pen-and-ink sketch by Hogarth, taken 
from memory, or, according to Murphy , whose 
account was contradicted by Steevens and 
Ireland, from a profile cut in paper by a lady. 
It was engraved by Basire for Murphy's em- 
tioQ of Fielding's works. A miniature occa- 
sionally engraved seems to be taken from 
this. A bust of Fielding has been erected in 
Taunton shire hall, for which the artist, Miss 
Margaret Thomas, has been guided by Ho- 
garth's drawing. A table, said to have be- 
longed to Fielding at East Stour, was given 
to the Somersetshire Archfeological Society 
(Notes and Queriex, 6th ser. vii. 406). 

Fielding never learnt to be prudent. Lady 
M. W, Montagu compares him io Steele, 
and speaks of the irresistible buoyancy of 
spirits which survived his money anA his con- 
stitution (to Lady Bote, 22 Sept. 1765). No 
estate could have made him nch. He was 
more generous than just. The story is often 
repeated (Gent. Mag. August 1786) that ho 
gave a sum borrowed from Millar, the book- 
seller, for taxes, to a poorer friend, and that 
when the tax-gatherer appeared he said : 
' I'Viendship has called for the money ; let the 
collector cull again.' Murphy says that after 
he became justice he kept an open table for his 

tioorer friends. The plays represent the reck- 
Essness of his youth. From the age of thirty 
he was struggling vigorously to retrieve his 
position, to support his family, and to do his 
duty when in office, and to call attention to 
grave social evils. This is the period of his 
great novels, which, however wanting in deli- 
cacy, show a sturdy moral sense as well as a 
masculine insight into life and character. He 
is beyond question the real founder of the 
English novel as a genuine picture of men 
and women, and in some respects haa never. 



Fielding 



4»3 



Fielding 



been surpaseed. The famous prophec;^ o^ 
Oibbon, that ' Tom Jones,' ' that exquisite 
picture of human manners, will survive the 
palace of the Eftcurial and the imperial eaffle 
of the house of Austria,' will be found in his 
M-Btaoire (MiMellaneoua Works,i.ilb). Cole- 
ridge's eulogy upon the ' sunshiny, hreezv ' 
spirit of ' Tom Jones,' as cootrasted with the 
'not day-dreamy continuity of Richardson 
and of "Jonathan Wild,'" is in his ' Literary 
Eemains ' (1836, ii. 373). Scott has praised 
him in hie 'Life,' and Thackeray in the 'Eng- 
lish Humourists.' Other criticisms worth 
notice are in Haslitt's ' Comic Writers ' 
(1819), pp. 222-8; Taine's 'English Litera- 
ture' (by Van Laun), ii. 170-6; Mr. J. R. 
Lowell's ' Democracy and other Addresses,' 
1887, pp. 89-105. 

The lollowing is a list of Fielding's plays, 
with first performances, recorded by Genest : 
1. ' Love ill Several Masques,' 16 i^eb. 1728. 
Drury Lane. 2. ' The Temple Beau,' 26 Jan. 
1730, Goodman's Fields. 3. * The Author's 
Farce and the Pleasures of the Town,' March 
1730, Haymarket (with additions, 19 Jan. 
1734, Drury Lane). 4. 'The Coffee-house 
Politicians, or the Justice caught in hia own 
Trap,' 4 Dec. 1730, Lincoln's Inn Fields. 
5. ' Tom Thumb, a Tragedy,' afterwards 
' The Tragedy of Tragedies, or the Life and 
Death of Tom Thumb the Great,' Haymarket, 
1730,andwithadditionalact,1731. 6. 'The 
Grub Street Opera ' (first called 'The Welsh 
Opera'), (with this 'The Masquerade, in- 
scribed to C-t Il-d-q-r, by Lemuel Gulliver, 
Poet Laureate to the King of Lilljput,' said 
to have been originally printed in 1728), 
July 1731, Haymarket. 7. 'The Letter- 
writers, or a Now Way to Keep a Wife at 
Home,' 1731, Haymarket. 8. "The Lottery,' 
1 Jan. 1732, Drury Lane. 9. 'The Modem 
Hu8band,'21Feb.l733,Drur7Lane. 10. "The 
Covent Garden Tragedy,' and 11. 'The De- 
bauchees, or the Jesuit Caught,' 1 June 1732, 
Drurv Lane. 12. ' The Mock Doctor, or the 
Dum'b Lady Cured,' 8 Sept. 1732, Drury 
Lane. IS. 'The Miser,' February 1733, and 
with ' Deborah, or a Wife for You All' (never 

Kinted), 6 April 1733, Drury Lane. 14. 'The 
trigumg Chambermaid,' 16 Jan. 1734, 
Dniry Luie. 15. ' Don Quixote in England,' 
April 1734, Haymarket. 16. 'An Old Man 
taiight Wisdom, or the Virgin Unmasked,' 
6 Jan. 1735, Drury Lane. 17. 'The Uni- 
Tersal Gallant, or the Different Husbands,' 
10 Feb. 1735, Drury Lane. 18. 'Pasquin; 
a Dramatick Satire on the Times, being the 
rehearsal of two plays, viz. a comedy called 
" The Election," and a tragedy called " The 
Life and Death of Common Sense,"' April 
1736, Haymarket. 19. * The Historical Re- 



gister for the Year 1736,' May 1787, Hay- 
market. 20. ' Eurydice,' a farce, 19 May 
17S7 (printed ' as it was damned at Drury 
Lane'y 21. * Eurydice Hissed, or a Word 
to the Wise,' 1737, Haymarket. 22. 'Tumble- 
down Dick, or Phoethon in the Suds.' 1737, 
Haymarket. 23. ' Miss Lucy in Town, 5 May 
1742, Drury Lane (partly by Fielding), 'Let- 
ter to a Noble Lord . . . occasioned by re- 
presentation' of this, 1742. 24. 'The Wed- 
ding Day,' 17 Feb. 1743, Drury Lane. A 
German translation of the ' Wedding Day,' 
followed by ' Eurydice,' was published at 
Copenhagen in 1759. A pl^ called 'The 
Fathers,or theQood-natureaM!an,'the manu- 
script of which had been lent to Sir C. Han- 
bury Williams and lost, was recovered about 
1776 by Mr. Johnes, M.P. for Cardigan, and 
was brought out at Drury Lane 30 Nov. 1798, 
with a prologue and epil<^ue bv Garrick. 

His other works are: 1. The 'Cham- 
pion ' (with Ralph), collected 1741. Fielding 
contributed articles from 27 Nov. 1739 to 
12 June 1740. T^r 'O^^pow YEPNOSIAAOS 
pu^aidia ^ ypdiifia a', The Vemoniad, January 
1741 ; ' Of True Greatness,' January 1741 
(and in • Miscellanies ') ; ' The Opposition ; a 
Vision,' December 1741 ; ' The Crisis : a Ser- 
mon on Rev. xiv. 9, 10, 11 ' (see Nichols, 
Anecd. viii. 446). 2. ' The History of the 
Adventures of Joseph Andrews and of his 
Friend Mr. Abraham Adams,' February 1 742. 
3. ' A Full Vindication of the Duchess 
Dowager of Marlborough,' 1742, 4. 'Plutus, 
the God of Riches' (from Aristophanes), 
with W. Young, June 1742. 5. 'Miscel- 
lanies,' 3 vols. 1743 (early poems, essays, 
' Journey from this World to the Next,' and 
•The Liie of Mr. Jonathan Wild the Great '). 
6. Preface to ' David Simple,' 1744 (and in 
1747) ; preface to ' Familiar Letters between 
the principal characters in David Simple and 
some others;' 'Proper Answer to a Scur- 
rilous Libel by Editor of " Jacobite's Jour- 
nal,"' 1747 (tlefence of Winninglon; Law- 
EENCB,225). 7. 'The True Patriot,' a weekly 
journaI,r)Nov.l745tol0Junel746. 8. 'The 
Jacobite's Journal,' December 1747 to No- 
vember 1748. 9. 'TheHistoryofTomJones, 
a Foundling,' February 1749. 10. 'A Charge 
delivered to the Grand Jury ... of West- 
minster,' 1749. 11. 'A True State of the 
Case of Bosavem Penlez,' 1749. 12. 'AnEn- 
quiiT into the Causes of the late Increase of 
Robbers, &c.,with some Proposals for Reme- 
dying this growing Evil,' January 1751. 
13. 'Amelia,' December 1751. 14. 'The 
Covent Garden Journal,' Janua^ to Novem- 
ber 1762. 15. 'Examplesoftbelnteipoeition 
of Providence in the Detection and Punish- 
ment of Murder,' April 1762. 16. ' Proposals 



'lelding^ 



434 



Fielding 



for Mkking u Eflvotut] pTOTidon for t^ 
Ptot,' Juniiuv 1753. t7. * A Clwu-Sute of 
th« Case of E Uulielli Cennine,' March 17-'>3. 
18. ' Joiinwl of ■ VnvBjrB to I jnUm, by the 
\»U> Hfnry Firldinfir,' with ' Frafrtnent of n 
Comment od I^ru Bolin(;hrol(>.' s Enajn,' 
1765. Th* fiwl. collMlive trillion, editrdhy 
Arthur Murphj', appeared id 170^. A piun- 
pblet called • TUt Ciid^r^I, or n, Onbt rtei 4<r 
ture to tliA lutlior of the Dunctod,* a wiire 
eallvd ' Tb« CauRidicade,' and an ' Apolofcy 
for iht Life of The. CiblKr/ have bpcn rrro- 
iMNtuly atthbuU-d to Fuddinff. ' MiK«lla- 
miM and Pocnw,' «dit«d by J. P. lirowne, 
was nubUshud ia 1672 (EUppIemenUiry Lo tho 
stanaord c«lilion<t). 

[Eamy on Life and Ocmtu of ^tldiog. by 
Arlfaor Kurphy. prcflzod lo Works. 1763; LiCo 
by Wataoti, 1807 (no wpy in British MuMnm); 
Lift by Soutt ; thp Woruin Bnllantyaa'i Nqti^- 
i«ls' Library. 1821 ; life by RoooM, jircflxod to 
1H40 ooa to), mtition; l.if* nf Hanry Fiulilintf, 
wiib Noticw ofhw Wnliiif(«, biFTiiucw, uixl hi« 
COBteroporariM. by Fredrnrk lAwrctn*, IdiiS; 
On (ho lift' and Writinjt* cif Hunrv Fifliltng, 
by Thona* KotRlillej. in Ftaiwr't Jkjjiguioe for 
Januaiyand February ISAS; Hanry Fi«ldia;. by 
AtuiUaDabaon.in the Moo of LettenSeriea. I8B3. 
Of lbM« tlM Aim ts perfunctory, rajpie, and inao- 
voratiN Lavruico vae the fint to attampt a 
tboronoh account. B« i> criticiaod in (he i-«>ay> 
of Mr. Kriirtitley. vbo ooat«roplat«(l a li&. A 
thorenfuh and exhsostira atody by Mr. AwLia 
Oolisoci girf* tho only aalisfactor}' imrMtigation 
of tho material R. S««nlBo Nichols'iL't. Adac^I. 
iii. 8£fi~8J ; Bios. Iimmatica : Richard*nn> 
CorroapotidrDCo; Iliitfhint*a DorMt, iii. 311 
fVToa a pictarp of tho bonM ■! Keat Stonr); 
}nd)ol«'» lioicaater«hir«, iv. 202, 1104 fpedigrtM 
of tlui Plvldin^ funily); Oencat'a Hmlory tit 
tbaSta^:Cihbor'« Apology, ppl331-2i SmithV 
Kollokena, f l'2i-&(<lcacTiptlon hy Mr«. HtiMcy); 
Uaeklin's Mrmuini; Pliillimorn'n Memuini of 
LyttelKia (I*tt*r (v Lyttolton of 29 Aug. 1749); 
Kilvfrt'a Kurd, p. 15.] L. 8. 

nELDIWa, HKNRY FORRON (rf. 
185l).botaDi«t, was the firth child and only 
Mn of ITwiry Fielding of MTemcoiiifli ITousp, 
n«arOarEtnnir,Laiica«hir«. BeiDf^uf a dvllcatu 
conalitulinn he waA nhut out from adopting 
• profefifiion.butdevoti^husselftotlio study 
ornlantannd th** forninlion of n rirh lirr- 
Iwnum.whichhia ample meansprnnitteil. Tn 
1 BS)1 he boujcht the herbarium of l>r. Steudel, 
and ihe next year thi' Pn-soott collrction. 
consiBting of twenty-eight ihousand plants. 
In 1842. the dampncM of hia Loum* at ItoN 
ton-to-Fumew proving iBJurtoui>, ho re- 
moved lo a more airv houae at Lancaster, 
"wlifir* he died 21 Nov. 18''il of a eudd«n 
attack of inllanituatLim nf iht^ lim|n- 11» 
beqtMBtb&d the whole of liie berboriDm, wiih 



auch of bis booba aji wera wratinc in tba 
Qanlfa Library, ti) thr univi-r-^tv ntHjE 

' lie wa« elwtM a fellow . ■ 

j Sociaty in IfiW, but hia n^ti ■ . 

I prPTont^J him fmm laVinff a pmoiinriit part 
in icieuiific purDutta. mve iha* in lt*It be 

' i>ubliHh^avoluini?,'SertumPUiitArum,'with 
Ugure« anil dfH>rinti(A8 of innnty-Evi: nnr 

I or rar^dnnta. Tlie fienrrfl wbtt drawn 
Mrs. Fioldiii)r, and llu* doerriplions wc 

I wrilU'D by Dr. Ui">rifo Uanloert who at ' 
linn' hari charjp* of the Fi'ldina h<*r))anu: 

i [Pr«c. linn. Soc. ii. 188; (' » M 

droM lo tho . . . tJnirenicy, 'l" ' '■. Oi 

ford (Ift53). Tha ehitract«r auu ii^nL ••( 
herbarium urn bare prca.] B. D. J- 

FEELDOf O, Sir JOUX (rf. 1 7S>), 1 
tistc, was (be son of Gt-ni-ra] Kn-ldir 
hia aecond wif^, and half-brollinr uf 
Fieldii^ r(|. r.] Hn waa blind, apf 
from his birth. lie was a«socialpd « 
brother as wmixtinj^ mnp^'rat^ for thrr« or 
four ye«ta ( On]ir«» . . , of a /-V./tfr,&L"-),auiJ 
the office waa^v«D tohimnpon hiabrothr 
death. He carried ou Ihe nlan for ' 
xng, up gHOfra of Toblwra iDlroduced 1 
Fielding. In a pamphlet called ' 
Prwvenling RobmnH* vrilhin twi-nly mfl 
of London' (1755) he gives sotnc dctaili) ■ 
ibix. He dvaiM that uv or his brother haJ 
employed a certain M'Daniel, who van tried 
in 1756 for trepannini; aome wretehea iulo a 
robb<'rT in order lo p't a reward by inform- 
ing Boninst them (Howell. ■Wate TriafD, xi 
74(1-864). [n \lh» he published arii^lh 
pamphlet on th» same fiibjcct called 'An \i 
count of tliH ()ri(;in and K&acta of n roUt 
set on foot in 17&<1 bytheDnhcof N«'wrutl| 
on u plan eturgeeted by ihc late Ilt'ory Fiold 
ing.' To tliia i« addiil a plan firr ri^iiini 
deserted ^rU. He mentions anot her .irhemi 
which he had «tart«fd at the end of I'ot'V fo' 
Bendincr'diatnvA^boyH'intnthe royal navy 
Considerable auma were raised for thia pot 
no«<>, which appears to have been enc 
fully curried ou< ; and after the pence bo ; 
noaed to modify it by finding employine 
for the boys iu ibo mercantile navy. Tt 
aceouiito were pnblialied in 1770. A ate 
of nncertain origin is given by Lawtonc 
(Lt^o/ffeWiwy.p. ?73)thftt air Jolin Jcni> 
more itian thrcp thoui>And thievf!» by tbei| 
Toioea. Ilia enerifv, lioweTer, did not 
tcct him from ih'- oniinarj' impntBtional 
' trading magiatiateia.' InOles'CoUecl 
{Addit. MS. owe.', t 226 6) tht^re is a lelt 
from the 'Cambridp» Clirorick'' of 7 Jt 
1766, in which FifldiD^' thank* aontf Jhi 
for belpiniT to recover utolen pmperly. OoU 
oWf'Tvi-n (hilt 'tliodjih ntnrk blitid, and tif n( 
great reputation aa to strict integrity, [Tiatc: 



ing] wu generally MtMniM) a tct^ oarful 
metuber of society.' He ih dcDounced with 
great. biUemras in ajpunplilet of 1773ca11eiJ 
'A Leiter to Sir Jouu l-it-ldii));, oc«ii«ioD<Hl 
by bis extraordinary KqueaL lo Mr. (jairick 
for llio supprvasioD of ibe " Beffpir'e OpiTft,"' 
A ' lettf r of rpcnnciltHtiim ' fu Oarrirk, ruf^r- 
rinp nppiirfntly to thi-i, in in the ' Gnmclt 
Curm^iwndonce,' ii. 160-70. A ]at«r i|uarrcl 
with (lamch, nriunK out of tUn duwiivrry of 
Henry Kii>ldin^'B posthuinons camedv, ia oo- 
liced in Foi>t«r'a 'OHtw Ooldsmith' (2nd 
Mlit. ii. Ttfi). Mi1«8 speaks of FiMding'A 'tur- 
bulent diBpontion,' insomuch tbnt he makes 
noMy by otMMurnfrinfr and ibra dMMttnf^ 
criniinalt, nod dwlexi-» tliot ^igbl out of t«n 
of the pt^rsonft oxeculMi at Tybum owe their 
ruin to (ho ' fktal and nunitTou« vjiampleo of 
Tiee " collMtM about Bow Stri*!. He adda 
that KteldioK waa wicked enough to admit 

Xrtera and KUpply them with jmn and ink, 
di crucUv e^pwes tJie crimiaala: and 
further tlwt fio recsiTe* tiftr piinww a year 
from tvo papers for prwunni; thftn polioo 
adrvrtisetoeats. In 'Bedford CorTeepond- 
ence' (iii. 4111 FieldiD)fapp«aI» to tho Pukv 
of Bedford affminil MOie falM! reportd, and it is 
stated thitt the duke bad consiat>red him ' ir- 
Kcolut^' ' on thi- occasion of the ' Bloauubur)- 
riola in ITOo.' In 1768 be piiblii.hod ' Kx- 
tiactd from Biicb of the Poaal Laws as parti- 
cula.'lr r>'I»il« to tJ«> peaoo and good ordw of 
the Meiropolifl . . . (described as a new 
edition), lo which VB appeoded ' A Trwili»e 
on thi) Oflio* of ronatanlcr' complwwl from 
papen lefl by Ueniy Fieldio^. Some cau- 
tuma against rommon modc4 of th<>ft ap- 
pended to a 'Bri«f Iiijscripiion of the dti«« 
of London and \\'«-tiiminsHT . . . ' (I77H) 
ikrealMailribiit«dtobim : but he disclaimed 
tbe book (i^Mc Adv«riitrr, It Jan. 1777). 
Bone ' lU^ Tables ' and ' Hstirkiioy Conch 
[ Faraa * attributed to bim iu the Brit^i^h Mu- 
■aeum Oalalof^ am by a bookMller, John 
Fiddingof ntenoater Rov. and in no way 
connwUMl witb bim. 

Fielding was concerned for aomB years in 
a'Univ«nal Rwuistw Office.' IlfMvinato 
han iUirt«d it with hi* brother, who adilrd 
some carious nnfis of it loOerwards sup- 
mased) to thc*first edition of ' Amelia.' A 
■plan ' wu published iu \lh2, and an uitihtb 
edition in \if&. It waa iat«nded as a sort 
of Kcncral agency for bouaea, srrvanta. and 
Tanoiio h<UiTli*inp ptinxMwai. t'lelding waa 
ktiijihted in 17*il. and died at BromptOD 
l*bM-»-*g*'pt. 17«0. 

A hoi-ik onlled *gir John Fiolding's JealJi' 
<«. d.), published after his dvath, is a catch- 
penny production, which sccins, howover, to 
, unply Uist he had a rrpulation for wit. 



[Gent. Hog. 17SI. ^ 47S, 1780. p. 1444; 
FibUtiojt'ii paniphlKiaaabom; Addit. H3, 4729 
(k(t«r of consratulaiiuu lo Lord Bat*. 2< Jono 
1 709} ; Lawrence's Life o( Fietding. pp. 368. 37Z ; 
AusliD Dubsou's Fialding. p. 194^ L. & 

FIELDING, NATHAN THTXJDORK 
(rf. 17i5-lS14>, paintOT, was a native of 
^ orkHhire, and resirU-d n«ir Halifax. lia had 
a considt'nbb> Inral reputation, and waaiflM- 
rially not«d for his portraitA of a^fed people. 
These he patntod in T>i;nnt?r« w.'11-lniown 
style, giving rigid attention to t)i« natural 
display of crery wrinkle of the akin, tbe 

glaMyexpniMioiiof tbevT'-'*'*"^ other p«cu- 
lianttc«. He aubsequenllv came to London, 
and occnaionaUy cxliibil'.-cl at thu exbibitiuna 
of tbe Society of Artbts and tbe BriliMb In- 
nitution. To th» Utter he M!Ut in lt*I2'The 
Botaniat, with a XonihnH^ripl Fim,' and * A 
Moonlight Heacoaet.' In IHM he exhibited 
for tW last rime, sending 'A LandscB]>»— 
Morning.' In 1601 be published a print of 
St, Oeorse's Cburcb, Doucaster, which was 
aquAliutod by hi^ Mn Tltcodom. Ho occa- 
sionally etched, notably a portrait of £Uia8 
Kovle of Sowerbr in Yorkshire, at tbe a{^ 
of il3, in 1793. l-'iclding's four aouK, Theo- 
dore Henry Adolphus, .\ntony Vandvke 
Cupluy, Tbalea, and Newton Smithj all artuta 
of repute, ar« svpaiately noticed. 

[Dodd'a ]UanuA>-Tii>l IliA. of EngliiJi En* 

B-aven; Redgnro'i DicU of Arti'ts - Onroa'a 
id. of Aniats, 1 760-1840.] L. C. 

FIELDING, NF.WTOX SMITH (1790- 
I KTitl), paintonind tit hographer,borD at II UDt- 
injtdon in 171)0, waA the youngest son of 
Nathan Thuodore fielding [q. v.] Ho ex- 
hibited at the Society of Paiol«rs in Wate> 
eolniirs, aending so mcriowsinlfiln, and cattle 
pieceain 181H. Ueiabest koownforhijf point* 
ings and engraringB of animals. Bcsidoapaint- 
inj; in watvr-wIourB,h««Drfc«d aUo in etch- 
ing, aouatint, and lithognjAy, and in ibR but. 
uamiid art b« uttuinLd grvat praficieaey. He 
went to I'arix, whtrro bi^ msiciiil until hi« 
death, on 12 Jan. 18AI: he was mocb w- 
t^^Mood lh(<ra,anH inuglil tbe fJimilyorLoai^ 
Philipi^e. In 1H30 be published in I^ndona 
Mt of 'SiibiecU nOor Nature,' and in Paris 
be published «et« of litbogrsphm of antnuls, 
anu illustrations to rarious works, lie alao 
pnbltshtNl : 'Three Hundred Lessons; or, a 
iVar's Imtruction in LaiidicaMt l>mwing, 
including Marine Sabiecta, with Hint* on 
PorspcciivK,' 1853; 'Lasaona on ForiiBca- 
tion, with Plates,' 1663; 'A Dictionnrv '>f 
Colour, containing Seven Hnndredanil I'ifty 
Tints, to which is prffixinl a (Jraramar of 
folour,' IsM; 'What to 8ket«b with; or, 
Umlson the I' se of Coloured Crayons, Water* 



Fielding 



436 



Fielding 



colours, Oil-coloiire, Black and WhityCliallif, 
niat'-k-loAil IV-n«it, and jht Aullior'fl itAw )1^ 
thod of Preeerving tbe Lights with Compo- 
sition/ 185ti: anu ' Kow to t^kotcli from 
Nature ; or, Pempective oncl il« Applicfttion/ 
Snd eJit. 186«. 

[Reil]^n'a Diet, of Aniste; Gent. Mn?. now 
ser. (I8£0). xxv. 321: Unaldi't Qrareufs da 
XIX- 8iM«: Brit. Km. Cat. J L. C. 

FIELDING, HOBEKT (1651 P-1713). 
{Sex'. Kkiluino.] 

FIELDmO, SA3UH (171(^1765), uo- 
reliflC, third duughtpr of Edmund 1-V'Minif 
by bit tiret ^vif^>, uud iiait-r of Hctir>' Fti^ld- 
ine [q. v.], was born at Kiwt Stour, Diimct- 
shire, 6 ^ov. 171U. Shu ^ublislKMl her fin>t 
novel, *Tlie A(lT<-nlim-> ol Dnrid .Simpli? in 
aMJch q{ a. Fnitliful Fni>nil,' in 1 7 U. H<>r 
brothm-cnnCrtbuted a. prefaco in tJie becoiid 
oditioit in tlio rame ycAr, itnd lie wrote imotJicr 
tJiree yean lat«r to s collection of ' Kumilinr 
Tjetten VtwMo the principal clmracti^rs itj 
I)e.vid Simple ami some oihars,' Tliin ori}^- 
natly apiMnred in 1747, and conliuuM fivt- 
U>tl*re bv Henry Ticlding (pp. 294-351). A 
thin) voIiiinK venn iiilili-d lo ' Dnvid Siiiipli,'' 1 
in 175:^. Shf joined witli Mi»t Collin (dniigli- 
t<T of ArtbiJF Collier fij. r. j) in 'The Cry, a 
Dramatic Kabl*-,' Dnhlin, l/ft4. She wrote 
also 'The Governess,' 17-JM: 'History of tbe 
Countou of Dellwyn,' 1769 (at-e Ao/m and 
QHeriet, CU> »er. ix. 01, 77) ; ' Lives of Otwo- 

fitit r« and Octavia,' 1 7.")" ; ' Uiatorv of Uphe- 
ia,' 1785 ; and ' Xrnophon's Miinolrs of 
Socratex: with lli» DrffiiCTeufSiH'mlfs hi'fore 
\at. JudfCH,' Vidi, tnuislutod from the Greek, 
in wliieh som« aotw and poaibl^ a mruion 
were contributed by Jamea Han-is of Salis- 
hwty [q. v.] 

Somo Inttitn belwi>Kn Sliwi Co11i«r, Ml«s 
Fieldiop.and Richanlson (from 17-lft to 1 7^7) 
iim ffiven in EtidianUon'H ' Corr«w]K>ndenco' 
(ii. fi9-U2), whiTo lli«r« are rofffoncoj?! to 
the 'Cry ' and the ' OovonieM.' Iticb&rdsi.m 
reports to MiM Fioldinf; in 1750 the rcniurk 
of a ' critical Judtfv of writing,' that Iilt lutt? 
brothe/a knowleo^ of the liiiman htiirt was 
to bors aa tho kaowlcKlfje of the ouleidu of a 
dock to the knovliMlgi! of ifjt'fimTKprings 
and movements of the inHide.' A aimtlnr 
remark of Johnson's aWul Kicbanlvon and 
Fittldinc; almost iiufrffwtt^ that ho miiy huTo 
been till* ' critical judge ' who afterwards 
made a now application of hiA (^o^lpamou. 
l-wltling himself, in the preface to ' Davtd 
Simplft,' ventur*ft to »Ay'that some of lier 
touches might hare donw boiionr to tbe pt-n- 
cil of ihi> immorUl Sbakaapearti ; ' niid in his 
other f rebce repoiti tbn saying of a lady, 1 



who, so far Irom doubting that a woman liadj 
WTiTten ' I>Arid Simple,' was coa\'in»^ that 
it could not have been wriitva by a man. 

Tliis cntFiiisiasm was not aharad rveu liy 
contemporaries. Mist Fielding appears from 
ItichariWiu'a letters to have beni poor. It^^ 
iasaid Ciivrvxr, Ralph .Him, p. 2l)tlM^H 
Allen allowed her l(XH. a y««r. A Mr. ^1 
OraviiB, fmro whom the aialemoot com«s, 

din«d with hiir more than ouoe at AllcnV tn 

1758. Sht- np{)i^nnt to bnvv b««n liring at ^H 
Rvde during th«> Ricbardmn DnrmepondL-nco, ^| 
with Miss M. and Miss J. Collier. In 17&1 H 
' the wat«n' (of Bath f) hnvit ciirod her aa ^| 
far 'as on old woman can expect.' Aftat^ 
wanlA she jirobahly went to Bath, where aba 
died in 17t(t^. John Hoadloy [(i- v.} created 
a monament to her in the Altlx-y Chnrdb, 
with sumti venesand iaaccorate dst«e, 

[Kichohi'a Aaeodotce. iii. 3116, ix. 630 ; RieliaRl- 
(Wiis CorrMponflonca, rul. ii.; Aoalin OobMm'a 
Ftoldiag, p. 193.) L. S. 

PIELDINO, TH.\LE3 O^O'^lf'S'*. 
wuler-colour painter, third aon of Nathan 
Theodore Fielding [q. v.", like his brothen, 
in chii-fly known as n painter in watcr^^oloofV. 
Ho seems to have first exliihit«<I at the British 
InHtiliilion in I^tO, Bending ' A View of 
SoddU-back, Cnmberland,' but there is some 
diiliculty at lirst in distinguishing biswuriu 
from those of his elder brother, Tlieodora 
H. A. Fieldinff [q. v.j In IHlPheappearaas 
settled at U'JPicwmimStrt^yL, London, where 
he resided unl il his deuth, which orenrrv^at^or 
a few houm' illuKW on 20 IV-c. 1^7, at the 
ago of forty-four. He was an o:try>lloat artil 
and was an aMociaU- exhibitor of the Rojn 
Society of Painters in Wat#r-«wlour», lift 1 
exhibited uumen>us landmspiM and cattle 
pimM, oiostly compositions, at the Royal 
Academy and at tne BrittMb Iiutitutioa. 
His last, picture, in 1SJ7, was 'A View of 
Cnerpliilly Ca«tk^ Glamorganshire.' He aba 
pointed portraits. Id l&r7 bv cxliibittfd a 

Sortrait of M. llelacroix at ll»e Itoyaj Aca- 
emy, and a portrait by turn of Peter Barlow, 
F,K>5., was publiahed in lithdgraphy byOraf ' 
and Soivt. lie was for some ycaiv teaclwr 
of drawing at tht? Koyal Military Academy, 
Woolwich. 

[Redgrave's Diet, of Artists; Gravee's Diet, 
of AltUts. I7&0-ISSO; GooL Hag. (I83S). p. 
217, Rxiiminwr, 31 Dm. 1M7.] L. C. 

FIELDINa, THEODORE HENBY 

A-L»OLrUI.S( 1781-1 Wil>,ii«intBr,.-ngieear, 
and author, war< clde^ «on of Nathan Theo- 
dora I'ioliling [[]. r.1 IJke his brothers bo 
pointed in wat.er-cotonrSf and in 1799 wot 
to till- Itoyal Academy 'A A'iew of the 
North Tjne^ Dbar Billiogbam, Nott^umbai*, 




Fielding 



427 



Fiennes 



land.' In 1814 he sent to the British Insti- 
tution ' A Sleeping Bacchus.' He continueii 
to exhibit at both exhibitions, but it is some- 
times difficult to distinguish hia works from 
those of his younger brother, Tbales Fielding 
[q. v.] He MTSfl appointed teacher of draw- 
ing and perspective at the East India Com- 
pany's MiUtairColl^eatAddiscombe, and re- 
sided at Croydon, in the neighbotu-hood, until 
his death, wfaicb occurred on 11 July 1851, 
at the age of seventy. Fielding worked also 
in stipple and aquatint, and published nu- 
merous sets of engravings in the latter style, 
including a set of views as illustrations to 
' Excursion sur les cotes et dans les ports do 
Nonaandie,' after Bonington and others ; 
'Cumberland,We8tmoreland, and Lancashire 
Elustrated ' (44 plates, 1822) ; ' A Series of 
Views in the West Indies' (1827); 'Ten 
Aquatint Coloured Engravings from a work 
containing48 Subjects of Landscape Scenery, 
principally Views in or near Bath, painted by 
Benj amin Barker' ( 1 624) ; ' British Castles ; or, 
a Compendious History of the Ancient Mili- 
tary Structures of Great Britain ' (1825) ; ' A 
Picturesque Tour of the River Wye, irom its 
Source to its Junction with the Severn, from 
Drawings by Copley Fielding.' Fielding also 
published some important works on the prac- 
tice of art — viz. ' On Painting in Oil and 
Water-colours for Landscape or Portraits,' 

* Index of Colours and Mixed Tints ' (1830), 

* On the Theory of Painting ' (1836), ' Synop- 
sis of Practical Perspective, lineal and aerial, 
with Remarks on Sketchmg from Nature ' 
(1829), 'The Knowledge and Restoration of 
Oil-paintings, the Modes of Judging between 
Copies and Originals, and a brief Life of the 

{irincipal Masters in the different Schools of 
'ainting ' (1 &47), and ' The Art of Engrav- 
ing, with the various Modes of Operation,' 
&c. (1844) ; the last-named work has been 
for the most part reprinted in Hoe'a edition 
of Maberiy's ' Print Collector' (1880). 

[Rcdgravft's Diet, of Artists ; Graves's Diet, 
of Artists, 1760-1880; Catalo^ea of the Boyal 
Academyand the British Institution ; Gont. Mag. 
(1851), pt. ti. p. 330; South KoDBingtoc Cat. of 
Works on Art; Brit. iMuti. Cat.] L. C. 

FTELDING, THOMAS (yi. 1780-1790), 
engraver, is stated to have been bom about 
1758. He studied under Bartolozzi, but mors 
especially under W. W. Ryland ^q. v.], to 
whom heacted both as pupilandassistant, and 
was eo much engaged on the engravings bear- 
ing that artist's name, that few origin^ works 
of his own exist. After Hyland'e disastrous 
end, Fielding produced some engravings in 
his own name. Among them were ' The 
Heeting of Jacob and Racbael,' and * Moses 



saved by Pharaoh's Daughter,' after T. Stot- 
hard,ItA.; aleo'Theseus finding hisFather'a 
Sword and Sandals,' and ' The Death of Pro- 
cris,' after Angelica Kauftinann, R,A, The 
latter are finely engraved in Byland's stipple 
manner, and quite reach the level of that 
artist's productions. Fielding should be dis- 
tinguished from an engraver, John Fielding, 
who preceded him, and about 1750 engraved 
some prints after Hogarth and others. 

[Tuer'e Bsrtolozzt and his Works; Nagler's 
Xiinstter-LezikoQ ; Le Blanc's Manuel de TAmfr- 
teur d'Estampes.] h. C, 

STELDING, WILLIAM, first Eabl op 
Denbigh (rf. 1643). [See FmLDino.] 

FIENNES or PIENE3, ANNE LADY 
DACRE (d. 1595), was daughter of Sir 
Richard SackviBe, treosurer of the exchequer 
to Elizabeth, and steward of the royal manors 
in Kent and Sussex, who was the son of Sir 
John Sack^'ille (d. 1657), and Anne, daughter 
of Sir William Boleyn, uncle to Queen Anne 
Boleyn. Her mother was Winifred, daughter 
of Sir John Bridges, lord mayor of London, 
who after Sir Richard Sackville's death be- 
came the second wife of William Paulet, 
marquis of Winchester. Lady Dacre was 
sister to Elizabeth's trusted counsellor, 
Thomas Sackville, lord Buckhurst. She mar^ 
ried Gregory Fienes [q. v.], son of Thomas 
Fienes, lord Dacre [q. v.], executed in 1541, 
who with his sister Margaret was restored in 
blood and honours in 1558. By her husband, 
withwhom,accordingtoher epitaph, she lived 
with much affection, she had no issue. She 
appears from the State Papers to have been 
a woman of strong mind and somewhat im- 
perious and exacting disposition. She was 
at one time at variance with her brother. 
Lord Buckhurst, at another she addressed a 
long complaint to Elizabeth against her hus- 
band's sister, Margaret Lennard, for raising 
false reports concerning her, and endeavour- 
ing to prejudice her majesty against her. 
Her husband had incurred debts, for the 
dischai^ of which he desired to sell some 
portions of his estates, which Mrs. Lennard 
as his next heir sought to prevent, and at 
tlie same time desired to have lands settled 
on herself to her brother's prejudice (Stats 
Papers, Dom. vol. xxvi, Nos. 37-9). On 
the death of her mother, the Marchioness of 
Winchester, she came into possession of Sir 
Thomas More's house at Chelsea, which after 
bis execution had been granted to William 
Paulet, marquis of Winchester. Here she 
andherhusband made their home, her brother. 
Lord Buckhurst, often residing with them. 
Ijord Dacre died at Chelsea on 26 Sept. 1594. 
She survived him only a few months, dying 



'lennes 



4a8 



■letines 



in tlie iULme boiue on 14 May WH>. Oaly ■ 
few wreks before bar decease litt hsd to do 
fi'Dcl hcmolf froni the chaiga of wUbing to 
Kp{ir<)priatH tier biuband'o Mtal« to bttraclf 
iih. II April ir>9i, No. 120). She aod h«r 
buntiKnil WLTH liuriMl in tlie Mom CIikmI in 
ChalBU Old Chuicli, wham, bjr ber oean^ 
a rtry mkonificvdt marble moauowDt ira« 
enetMl, exbihitinf^ th«r efigiea of (all atie 
mider a Corinihuin Dtaofj, ricUf adonwd 
-nritb fMttoonM of Hnwon. Hut epila{ib d»> 
wribea bi7 in very Isiidatnir tentui as 

Fonaiaea htx eUm choh. pia, auta, nwlica; 

^Sfma vuMdiun, |>«up»ribvqg« item ; 
Fida Dm, perdura tniii, «oiu>ttiuK]a«. disMta; 

Sic pfilJMM oiurbi. sic pictaLm amooi. 

Oo tbu rohuildisfT of tbe ckarcb in 1667 
tliis m oil time u I wae rvmovvd to ibit south 
aiiile. Ity her will, vrbicL io a long imd vorjr 
iQlereEtiog document coocbed in a deeply re- 
)i^iou»tipirit(L>i»MfcKnw3f>^i&lxxTii.Nu«.3tt, 
90), dat«d 20 Dec. 1604, thriM! mnntlia after 
ber buabaod'e decease. Lady Dacre mado pro- 
vision for th« erection of im alm«ltouso for 
tweaty poor persons, ten of eacb sex, and n 
school for t went V poor children, in pursuancH 
of a plau sbe nrnJ iior busbaiul had bupcd to 
complet« in their lifetimt.', the fundi* fur itn 
support bain; charged on ihu manor of 
Brandeaburton in Vorkxliira. llie whole of 
her nmnorsy lands, and bouses at Chelsea, 
K»n>!in£ton, and Rn)in|il<>ii ab* bti(]uaathed 
to IjordBoTghley and his heirs. 8he begged 
tbe queeo'e accepUDoe of a jewel worth SOW., 
as 'a poor remfmbraoco or lier humble duty 
fat her manifold princt^ly farours to ber biu- 
band and lurself.' To her brother, Lord 
Buckburst, she left, witJi othitr icwols, her 
maJMty's picture, set round with twenty- 
sis nibit^x, with fl pendent pearl. 'as a special 
re in em bra nee of hvr love, bfino: a uuine she 
vet; lyoll did know would of all other ttiin^ii 
be motit tileasiu^ and acovptable unto turn.' 
The will (!ontains muny bcqueata lo ber 
gentlewomeD and serrants, not one of whom 
seems to be forgotten. 

[Stata Papers, Dotn.; Colli ns'xPseraa^: I«ini- 
downuUSS. ; Faulkner's Biatory of CfielMa.] 

E. V. 

FIENlirBS, EDWARD, EiBt of I.ix- 
fxn,s (U>12-tft8fi). [Sec CLi!nu.v, Edward 

FlES.VBS BE,] 

FIENNES or FIENES, ORF/K)RY, 
t^mtii LoBD DicuE or tub Soi'th (1539^ 
itiM), the youn^r son ol tbe unfnrtunat« 
Thomas I'iuunoif, lord Daero [c. t.], executed 
at Tyburn t&)l,und LLh wife Mary, daughter 
of Oeor^ Nevill. lord Aburgavenny, waa 
baptised in the pariah churcli of UunLmon- 



oeiix, Stttsex, Q JuiH 1^99. The dmib 
his elder brothfT Thomas in If^SSIffl him! 
to bis falberV honours, io which ho snd hij 
sist«r Marpiret were restored by m-l of )■ 
liamenl in 15.^, the strictJieeB of tbe ont 
baviiq; reacix^l ihn Mt«t«» from Ihe cuurxifi 
wboeo ' ^'cdy gaping afti^r tbem ' woa, ■ 
online to Camdvn, a chief cause of tho. 
fathers jndicial tniirdt>r (CiMnsN, 7^i^ s^ 
KiUfXBrT, ii. 680). In Kebroary ITuVn tl; 
laA, then in his fourletmtb renr, ww a ron 
ward (Cal. State Pa^r*, F^ward VI, IteH 
sub ann.) Ue married Anne, daughter 
Sir Hicbard Saeki-ille, but had no childn 
by her. She contplnint-il that be waa ki'pC' 
in undue siibiecrinn bv his mother {A. Horn. 
xxvi. fi73). In 1S7J Lt>rd Dacre formed una 
of a ffreat train of noblemen who accompsnied 
L>jrJ Lincoln to the court of Charles IX i 
ratify IIk^ oonfrd^racy of Hlojji^nnlr a fill 
months before the massaiTrc of St. Iianh<>l« 
mew. Hh in d<!»rrihe<l bv Camd«n as 'a litl) 
crack-braini>d.' \\n died 2') Sept. LIM, 
bis w^ife'a hooee at C'b^dfea, in tbe chor 
of which place lie wu buried bfneaili 
sumptuous monument. Wv (itlt* and ei 
tailed cstatcis were aucces»fully cluimiil 
hit sister Margaret, the wLf>:i of Sompe 
Lennard, ee(|,, of Cbev«niug, K^nt. ilUwi) 
is nociocd above. 

[Osmd«'a'»Klii.i4>.KoDD*(t, ii.444,9M; .. 
liiu's P«ets«e.) E. r. 

FIBIfNESv J.\MES, LoBD.SiT (or Sai 
AMD SFLi:(cf. U-'3U),wvtliesecondsoaofHI 
WillJAm dij i'V-nm-A and Rlisahetb, dauebli 
of William Buttsfonl, a great Sussex hem ~ 
His fatlter died in 1-Ui5, and was buried lOl 
parish church of Haisttnotieeux, wheiv a Hue 
memorial brasa remains bearing his effijri««i^ 
full armour. Sir 'William was son of Wi]"" 
Uam del''iennee.who uiarrivd Joaa.dauffht4 
ond heiress of Lord Say, and di«l in l.Wl 
SicWilliam*8grandfathitn-.John(«/.lUol),lii 
married Maud de Moncftux, tbrougb whe 
the Huratnnnceux eBlates pasaad into t 
Ki<^nn>» family. Tlie Fiennva had cfimn 
England with William I, and derivad Ibtij 
name froto aTillag«> in the Boulonnata di| 
trict. James Fienncs'a elder brother, Rofi 
(rf, 14I.^F), was trPosurer to Henry VL 

James bcf^n military life at an early 

lie was one of Iloury V*s cspl'ii 

Frencli wars, and for uia nerriceH ' 
1418f;ranl8 of the lordship of D(> L '. .. 
Conitr ill tbe bailiwick of Cuux, |>art oltt 
nronerty of I..ard Lymers, and land in I ' 
bailiwick of Rouen and Cauz which bad ' 
longed to 1log«r Hloset and bi= M-ifr. Xai 
year he was tnade goremor r ' 
already bailiir of Caux. la 1 < 



Fiennes 



^ 

* 

» 
I 

^ 



Tltnrj VI into Fmnee on the occuioo of his , 
ooronaUon «t FnrtH. Ue was created slMrilT ' 
of Kr-nl in US" and ahmff of Surruy and | 
Su»9i-x two years l»ti-r. In 1440 « grant of ' 
lOOf. TMrlf pension wu made htm aa aaquira | 
of tWbodytotbekinir.tobiipiiidbytlMprior i 
of LewM ouf of crt^nin rcnt.3 dut; to the ex- i 
cUiHfiieF, and in 1145 he rewiv'-d ™ irrRiit of 20/. 
wjr aiuiuui from t Ik- Earl of Warwiclt ( Ucnrj [ 
Ilvaurhainp) from tha manor of Ilotlivrficl'l, < 
SlUMU. Ou 24 Feb. H4ti--7 hr vtw taadtt i 
eonflnblAof I>oTiirand wordi-n of tli« Cioaue 
porlfl by paUml * to him and bis heira maV/ 
in Iibe*niann«ra»Uaane«fltor Johnili^Finnea | 
hail rei!eLVcd tb« ufficva in 10@-l from William \ 
th« CVinquoror. ThU mean) that he rwwiviHl 
tb4> fn^nt of caelli^ward aurvicu of 200/. per . 
annum u iit of tb« ciutxinM, and ' all forfeit uraa 
and wmck of ths aea from tbe nst end of 
Ib» inle of Tbanet to BMui-liflli in Siiaaei, ' 
and the office of admiral vithin lht.> porta 
and (hfir members* (I [ASTKlt, Kmi, iv. W, ' 
»i. i, 73). He BBCcewiod Humphrey, duko ' 
ofGloucMlvr.iu the»e important and rvtipon- 
aiblv ul&i.N^ In 1448 hi> ^[iU<l hid rights 
to the Ihtke of Iltickiogbam, In March , 
1440-7 he rtOMtved a Hummons to the par- i 
liamnnt bnld that Toar al St. Edmunds' ' 
biiry; and in oouaituration of his eminent 
MTTii-M beyond seoa and at. homi', and b»- 
catife bis graodmothvr J<»an was third eiattr 
of William dc ^t and his eobeir, waa ad- 
ranceil to the dicnity of a baron, with the 
tJllH of Lord S«iy and Sele. In tha fol- 
lowing; Novt-mber he rw;«ived from John, 
lord I'linioD, dt?i>Ciimdant of IdooM, oldmt 
sister of lh)> abovo-mentioned Joan aodWil* 
liam dv Sav, a ' full confirmation aad quit- 
daiiner'of ilia title, to^'tbiTwilh the iirma 
of day. In Jtmv 1417. Wtag Ion) chant h«T^ 
lain t'li the kitifc and one of tho council, be 
WAA f^nled a yearly |wusiou of one hundred 
murks, pnyali!"' from the CQAtoma of wool in 
the ]iort nf Londun, and in Aii(rui»t wai uj»- 
puinlud corntnlil'- of thi» Towfirdiinnc the 
miiMirity of Hi.'nrT. son nnd hi-ir of John, 
duke or Exeter. SlMnwliilc.aaaii adherent 
of tha ttukn of Stiirolk and mi'mlier of tho 
court part 7. ti&v was brooming vwty un- 
iHipulnr. Th«< lut of his omolnmontB mains 
It pcobahk} that 1 ho cbnri^M of extortion and 
maUdminii«<r*lioii made nfiainHt him were 
well gfOund«l. In Cad..-V memorial, pT>- 
wrVM by Stow, tlav'" M>n-in-tnw, Wilham 
CrowiTM^, AatiR' of kunt in 1 420. t« §p><cially 
nampd among 'great «jitortii>Ri*r« aiid I'liUc 
traitonc' Il<!BKuiB of nnorber Mirt. for hi4 un- 
popularity luay b« ff«lher«.Kl (Kun tin- note of 
Dr. Uafc-LiiKiii' that ' l.ord li^ay with otliem 
would not auffaranyotiolopn'nch U'forpihn 
iuog vinltiaa tbay mw bla writt4'u urmon 




first, or unless he would swear not to prejwh 
againal th» actinns or cmtncils of tho minis- 
t«ra of the king.' He wbh gttni-raHy acoui^ 
of cotnplicicy in Duke Humphrey's supposed 
murder, and hcUi mninlv rotponMhlc lor tho 
Burrender of Anjou and ^[aln<>. l*he kii^f 
Cfvati-tl liim lord trcaaurer in October 1441), 
bnt the adiournvd parliament which niia tho 
followiug £a>ttcr at li^icesltr initi*!*^ that 
H'.'Ttry lihould punishthosowhoconscntedto 
the surrender of tlie Ftvnch proriaces, and 
Lord Say was accordingly sequeat«T«d from 
bis oSicu of treasurer, out not commiCtad 
to pison as Uenry promised. Suffolk waa 
Uuiuhed al (he sama time and murdered 
while! attempting to ha\« England. Cada'a 
rebellion followed, and when Henry recvired 
th» ottwa (if 8ir Humphrey Stafford's defeat 
and d«stb. hn at Inrt aent Lord 8ay to tha 
Tower, bat not till aome of tbe lords had 
tlmatcned to join Cade. Lord Sealca waa io 
charge of (he Tower, and on 4 July llijQ 
hanoMl over Say Io Cade, who took him la 
thu UiiildhBl1,and oompelled the mayiir and 
jud(re« to arraign bim along with ottu-j ot^ 
noxioup peraona not In Cane's hands. Say 
cIoiioMl 1(1 Im tried by hispi-i-r*, with tlwoaly 
result that he was hurried by Carle's men to 
tbu ^^tandard in Chmp (Stow, Surr^, I72U, 
iii. :V>), and beheaded 'an he were halfe 
shriven.' lliBBon-in-law, William Crowmer, 
BufTeri'd on the samu day in Mile End. Say'a 
body was dran-n naked at a horse's tail into 
Sou'thwark to St. Thomas of Waterings, and 
tbero hangvd and quartnrvd. His huad and 
Crowroer'a wert- carried on polen Ihrongb Ihi* 
city. His will lMur«thfi date 12 April 1440. 
Ilia h^ir, William, bv Kmoline Crnmvr, was 
slain at the battle of Ilanii-C in 1-171. 

Lord Sav is elaimwl with pride as an an- 
ceatorbyd^ibbon(JlfMnr/&tiH^>u« irorftj«,1837, 
p. 4), wno dignifies him with tlus title of ■ a 
nitron and martyrof Ivaminfr.' This mistaken 
idt>a \» found in Shukiftpcart-'M * .Second Par* 
of Henry VI,' ir. 7, where Cade aci^iuwa Lord 
Say of etrctiog a grammar school, oaiung 
printing to be u*ed, and buildiuf a papei^ 
mill, bhakeapeare's play closely followa tbe 
'Firft I^lrtoftheContcnliun;'inthtapaMO{r* 
be adds the anaefarociisn about printing. 

[Sm C«na, Jomx, thn rvbnl , Dngd'Ie's Boron- 
wi,ii.243; »i<iw'sAnanlM<ieilV>,pp.S87.S90; 
[•ahrnn't. nironirfe. j.p fl22-4 ; Wyrvwrter's An- 
nntuf IlpiimaV Li)-eT Nirier), p. 471 ; llolinsliod 
Hi»7). iii. a'l; Sharoa Turnar's HisUxy of 
Kuglivml. ri, 90; An Rngli>di Chroaiok {(Xnilaa 
Bw.l, Ixiv. S2-;, ll»;i iMipn of Uarcanrt of 
AiUM (Camdan Sue.). Iui> vl. 73. TO. StI ; Haslitl'B 
KhrtkMiJ^arcn Lilinvry, li. 1,500; T. P, Uaana- 
naj'i lliatnrii'al Pinya nf Sliakaapwarr, pp. 2M, 
3M i I>[iyle'a OOleial Baroooga.] B. B. 



Fiennes 



430 



Fiennes 



FIENNES, JOHN ifi. 1657), parlia^ 
mentari&D, was the third son of William, 
first viscount Saye and Sele [q. v.] At the 
outbreak of the civil war he commanded a 
troop of horse in the army of the Earl of 
Essex (Peacock, Army lAafi, p. 66, 3nd ed.) 
He took part with his brother Nathaniel in 
the unsuccessful attack on Worcester in Sep- 
tember 1642, and in February 104^ was sent 
with him to garrison Bristol (^ Full Decla- 
ration ctmcerniTiff the March of the Farces 
under Colonel /Vf«nei», 1643, p. 1). He was 
present at the surrender of tnat city in the 
following June, defiinded his brother's con- 
duct in capitulutiug, and assaulted one of 
the witnesses against him for impugning it 
(pRJmXEfA True Relation of Coloiwl Fiennc, 
his Trial, Depogitiotu, p. 12). Some time 
during the summer of 1643 he obtained a 
commission as colonel of a regiment of horse, 
and is henceforth prominent in the civil war 
in the district round Oxford. He besieged 
Banbury from 27 Aug. HM4 to 25 Oct. of 
the same year, when the siege was raised by 
the Earl of Northampton and Colonel Gage 
(Sakdbbson, Charles I, pp. 729, 730; Mer- 
curiw, Aulicw, 20, 25 Oct. 1044). In April 
1645 Fiennes was for a time under the com- 
mand of Cromwell, who specially commends 
him in a letter to the committee of both 
kingdoms, 28 April 1645: ' llis diligence is 
great, and this I must testify, that I find no 
man more ready to all services than himself. 
... I find him a gentleman of that fidelity 
to you and bo conscientious that he would 
all llis troop were as religious and civil as 
any, and makes it a great part of his care to 
get them so' (Cahltle, Cromwell, Appendix, 
No. 7). At the battle of Kaseby he fought 
on the right wing, undtT the immediuto com- 
mand of Cromwell, and was entrusted with 
the duty of conducting the royalist jtrisoners 
to London (RcsHwoKTit.vi. 32; Kllis, Ori- 
ffi/ial LetterttSid ^T. iv.28). In 1((57 Fiennes 
was summoned by Cromwell to his House of 
Lords. A republican pamphlntcer dfpcrihes 
him aa ' such a one as they cull a sect nry, but 
no great stickler,' and adds that he was en- 
tirely under the influence of his brother 
Nathaniel (Harleian Miscellany, iii. 486). 
1 le survived the Restoration, and escaped all 
penalties forliis political conduct. Hennea 
marrifdSusannah, daughlerof Thomas Ilobba 
of Amwell Ma^^na in Ilcrtfordshire. Law- 
rence, his son by her, became in 1710 fifth 
^'iecount Saye and Sele (Collis.s, Peerage, 
ed. lirydpes, vii. 22, 24, 32). l'"ii'nnes's wife 
died at Ilath 22 July 1715, aged 58, and was 
buried at Broughton. 

[Authorities above montiooed; also Noble's 
House of Cromwell, i. 402.] C. H. F. 



FIENNES, NATHANIEL (1608 P-16^), 
parliamentarian, second son of William, first 
viacount Saye and Sele, was bom about 
lOOB at BroughtoQ in Oxfordshire, and 
educated at Winchester and at New College, 
Oxford. As founder's kin he "vroB admitted 
perpetual fellow of New College on entering 
in 1624, and continued there alxtut five yean, 
but never took a degree (Wood, Athena 
Oxonieneea, iii. 877), He then travelled, 
and, according to Clarendon, ' spent his time 
abroad in Geneva and amongst the cantons of 
Switzerland, where he improved his disin- 
clination to the church, with which milk he 
had been nursed ' {Rebellion, ed. Macray, iii. 
33). lie returned home in 1639 through 
Scotland, in order to establish communica- 
tion between the discontented in England 
and the covenanters (CLABBirDOir, Sebeliion, 
i. I60n.) In the parliament called in April 
1040, and again in the Long parliament, 
Fiennes sat as member for Banbury. From 
the opening of the latter he became prominent 
in its debates, especially in those on ecclesias- 
tical subjects. On 14 Dec. 1640 he made a 
long speech against the ill^al canons re- 
cently imposed by con vocation, and on 8 Feb. 
1641, on the (juestion of the reception of the 
London petition, he made a speech against 
episcopacy, which became famous (Rttbh- 
WOHTH, iv. 105, 174). He argued in favour 
of the complete abolition of episcopacy on the 
ground that the arbitrary power exercised by 
the bishop was a danger alike to the political 
constitution of the realm and the religious 
welfare of the people. His speech was so well 
received that he was added tlic next day to the 
committee appointed for the consideration of 
church atl'airs. Fiennes was again conspicuous 
in the invcstigationof the army plot, and pre- 
seated, 8 Juno 1641, the report of the com- 
mittee concerning it ( Old Parliamentary Hia- 
ton/, ix. 3:J3; Diurnal Occurrences, 1641, p. 
153). Atthocloseofthe first session Fiennes 
was appointed one of the commissioners to at- 
tend van king in his visit to Scotland (20 Aug. 
1041 ), and his nomination as one of the com- 
mittee of safety (4 July 1642) is a further 
sign nf the high position which ho had at- 
tained in the parliamentary party. He com- 
manded a troop of horse in the army of the 
Earl of Essex, and was one of the first to 
take the field. He was engaged in the un- 
successful attempt to prevent the Earl of 
Northampton from carrying off the guns sent 
by Lord Brooke to Banbury (6-8 Aug. 1642), 
and took part with Ilai^pden in the relief 
of Coventry, 23 Aug, ( The Proceedings at 
Banbury xince the Ordnance went doum, 4to, 
1642 ; Old Parliamentary Htatory, xi. 307). 
He shared in the action before Worcester 



Fiennes 



43» 



Fiennes 



pph, IftlS), Hnd, aooordiuK' to Vimn, 

_ itflbecl hinutelf hy liis pereoiiiil ooiinge 

In that ilvfest (Jefiorah-JireM, p. 161 ). Fiennes 

tUo servwl at Ktl^'^'^''' ''' '''^ ivpmont nf 

lir WilUain Bolfour. He wrote tu-countsof 

[tlu'M: two battle*, vii. 'True and Exact R«- 

_ liou of Ixitli tliu Buitliv! fouKlit In' hU i'.x, 

iBobwH, K. of ICiNHX, luit! Uiit rorMs n^jiiMl 

ItlK Blnody CaTali?m». The one uf tho 23rd 

[of Oct. lut ni-ur Kvj'atoii . , . the otlivr 

'»t WorCfjiIiT,' Jto, liil?. *A Narrative of 

the Late nattl«< before Woreeeler tuJu>& by 

Oentli'inun nf lU». Iniw of Court from tim 

Mouth nf Mn^'j- Fionneft,' 4t^i, 1642. In 

iRTT UU-S IIm condititm of Rrintol and 

'BiiitAotidiict of tho cvvvrnor. OoloDel 

denuUKled immediate action, aw) 

^mnoa vu oidered to Bristol to preront 

its «vit devigas. Inunodiately after bia ar- 

'rival he arrested Kasex, and diaarated the 

diaatfectMl ainong thu citii«u«. On 7 March 

a rising wa» to have lakitn place in the city, 

and tbeKatee were to have been ojieued to 

Prinoa Bupi'rt.but Fiunnest uirwted th^con- 

spiraiora two or ihr«^ hmm hefom the lime 

ued. Tboheadfloftfaf^plot, lUiberlYooinana 

and Oiwrjre Boiirchirtr, w«tii ox^^cnted by 

•entenco of a oourt-mortisl, in 9i>it« of the 

rtfort* L>f ltup<-rt to wivi; tbt-m (MAT. fj^iff 

~%rtiamtnt, cd. l«r,l, pp. iHl-lj SBrBB, 

{amotrtof lirUM.-p^.'A'I-'^Wi}), Fienneatw 

• (»mmii>t^i(iu aa ^vvmor of Bristol 

}m Che Karl af V^tm-x oti 1 .May lU41i Hih 

letten to Easox and to L»rd Save during the 

wring of l(U.t orv full nf complititiU of iXm 

PtkMWMNTJM of the gurriaon. He had ndther 

lufGcient men to mail the walla, nor sulficicnt 

I nonvT to pny thMO he had; he wanted nffioers 

of «spf>nenre, and the fartificationit of the 

ieity wort* iTicxiini)l*tp. When Pnuc*> Ru- 

Aplioahtd Iwtor* Briilol (22 Jiilr) the 

an orwiMfttwl of between two ana three 

1 men, many of whom vtm hajlily 

_^,, . .luiitwt.>rK. On 2<f July tin- city was 

awaa1l«d, n weak point in the fortifications 

was QiiUinMi, and Fivnmw detidvd to ca- 

]>iliilitto nithar thnn fxpnae Ihe rily to iho 

n>>I'>"jf«tr>'r:-ll^htin{!. lie miirht. no doubt, 

liKv<< lu^ld otit aft^wibiyit lonj^r.biil tho town 

waA onbinsd, the castle waa untenable, and 

rcliitf WAS hopeltiM. By the termiof thaca- 

pituUtioa the garriaon w«ro allowl^I to march 

[mil with the partial lo» of their arms. On 

r> Aut;. |iV4:t FtintK-i ileliv<-r«d la parlia- 

lunnt II ll^rr-lr;Y«} of tho eiegv and surrender, 

* A !' Tide in the Ilouae of Coramona 

by I inoa oooeeming the Siin«nd#r 

•jribi)(JilTnnri (Mantle itfUrisliil . . . tojfother 

with tbcl'raiuRnptd and fbriracta of certain 

Ij^ttvn wixtmn hiac«nif»rthi< I'mserrntioa 

! of the CUy doth apiwar/ Ala, 161^. This 



w»ii! lit onri; anxwerod by Wdlinin IVynn© 
and Cleraent W'alki-r, who <^hnr^e<l Kionnea 
with treachery and cowardice. Fieouea pub- 
\\*.\\h\ an nngry reply : 'Col. Hcnnt^ bis Houly 
to a Pamphlet entitled an Anawer to Col. 
Nnt. Fionni-a' Itolation concerning hi» Siu^ 
render of the Cixy of Bristol, by Clttmunt 
W'uiker,' and befKf^ed the House iif Cummotu 
that tho matlt'r mif^ht be remitted to the 
judgmeut of the gew'ral and council of war. 
The trial took place at 8t. Albana ( 1 4-1'H l»t>c. 
104-3 1, and cuncluded witlillie cuudemimtioa 
of l''ieiitM:# ( 20 Ili-o.), who wa-o Miintimcv<l to 
death (Stale TriaU, \\. lOTi : PuticsK, Trm 
and Fuit yttrnttiv of tjv PnaeevtionjSft^.fOf 
Oil, Fiennet by William I'lynne and Ctemfitt 
WaHcfr,Ei^i<irf*, ito, IHH). lie was, how- 
ever, condemned simply on thu ground of 
improper surrender, and thu." inc-itly ex« 
onerated ftrnn the charge of treacbe^ and 
cowardice. Fieniuu was {nrdoaod, but hia 
military career came to an end, and h«se«m« 
for a timu to have left EngloiuL The sasa 
with whirb th« new unxbd tapturwl Hrirtol 

Enuluced ii change of fwHling in his favfvur. 
njinwpll, Fairfni, and uthcr cbivf ufticvra, 
'upon a vifiw of the place, comparing tho 
preeent BtrenKthof it withwhatit waawhea 
oe delivered it. and othor circiiin stances, 
ErwW oxpreaBcd theuuelrea as tueu abiia- 
dantly ealiafied conoeminf[ the hard uu^- 
fortun« that bofolt that noblo gcnilvinun' 
(.SpBieOK, Atiglia Jttdin'ra, p. 1211). They 
praci'edcd to sign a certificate exonemting 
him from all blame (7*V Scots' De»ijfn t/w- 
eorered, pp. 61-3). 

I*'i»nni.vi did not roappear in public lilb till 
the antumn of 1647. On 23 Sent. ltM7 hv 
waa added to the oommitteo of tne army in 
plac« of Olynne, and on 9 Jan. ltU8 became 
a number nf the committoe of safoiy, which 
euooeeded the defunct committee of both 
kingdoms (Rr^nwoBTii, vii.Hld, doS;. Ac< 
cording to Ludlow, the dwhiratiou of tlw 
House of Commona iihowtng tJie grotuda of 
that rescdution In maku no Kirthor addruMoa 
to the kinA 1. 1 1 Feb. I (i4H) wax drawn up by 
Fioouus (Afemoiri, ed. 1751, p, 91). This 
metoH hardly prolMble, for rVniitn waa 
pramiiunc, in um debates of Dissmber fol- 
lowing, among thrme who nr^fiied tliat tlio 
king's conceaaioos in thu tn>«ly of Newport 
wer« sulficiwnt ground for a peace (Ottt 
Partiam*atarjfJ/ufnry,XTm.'it*ti: Afrrairiiu 
Praywtatitmffi-\2Vvc ItH**}. In coiucqiieno* 
of this be waa one of the ntembcni nclu'lnl 
IVom tbu houm by Prtde*n Pur^Ot and did 
not lutaiii play any part ui politic* till aftur 
the uiundatton of tho protectorate. On 
3d April hk'tl Im was admitted a momtwr 
of Oromwell's cotinui of M«t«, and ia Jnae 



Fiennes 



Fiennes 



16Sfi bMame otu) of the keepers of tiia rraac 
M«l(Oa;. Stat* Papist, Dgoiu lQM,jp. 119; 
M'fii-niiix-rE, iv. 200, ed. 1863). lIU •[►- 
no in I men I nrad approved by pexliament on 
lU Uct. Ui&U (O/'i /^ir^Mmmbify Ilutory, 
ixi. 41). He sat u meiuber tot Oxfonl 
county in lfi&4, luid for tJie univanity in 
lOM, and wu summoDed to Crom«rcU'fl 
HouM of Lorda io Juiiury 1858 <iA. xxi. 
12, 187). Fi«nne«WMoi»of theoommitit* 
appouit«d to RTgue CrotnwoU iiitu ihu sucupt- 
«nc« of tha crowii (jA. xxi. 65, H.1, I0:^>, 
fend m&de Mvenl BpoiMdios for tlut objoct. 
At tlw o|>finit>gof thoKCOndM-JwioD of Crom- 
well'd Wt parliament (20 Jui. 1^58), and 
on 3 Jan. 1669. st tlut opming of Itichard 
Otx]n)weir« pvliABwnt, l-ienn(% lui dtirf of 
tb« comQunionen of the gTv*t aesl, and 
mouthpinro of tliA gawrnmt^nr, dctircred im- 
ponant KddrcMM. Th«7 ar« marked by deep 
rvjigioofi fe«linf and special in»Ut«oc« on the 
nttg:ioiu fiiaturoBofCrouiwull'sdoiiMMtictud 
foreign polinr (t'A. xxi. I7A, S09). It wm 
evidently Byapathy with ttuB aspect of the 
prot«ctonit« which m&i]p Finntu.-* so etaiinch 
■ Cromwt^Uiftn, and this is a sufficient dofenoo 
Bgainst Uu> charge of timeserving which Foss 
and Noble bringagoinMlum. Fi«an«8app«an 
to havfl boeD on« of thoM who eouiiKllod 
Kichard OMnwell todiuolre^liament, and 
to him tho PnHacto/B cximmtMioii for tlint 
parpo«p«vaj>addivafted(2^Aprill659; WmTi> 
MWKB, iv. MA ; Bi'irros, Dutnf, iv. 482). Tho 
restored Long parlituunitt appointed niiw COB- 
Riiniom-rs of the ^reat seal (Wiiitelockii, 
iv.3d6,3&l),uid thopubliccarmrofFiMinM 
cane tiiiutonnftnd. Hr seems to have taken 
no part cither in forwarding or biDderiti);^ the 
IlcAt oration, and «»ctped unnoticed at tbi'i 
Irins's rc-tiim. He died at Newton Tony in 
Wiltshire, in the Bixty-secoiid r^mrofhisage, 
on lt!D«c. 16d0,andwaebiiriftdinthecliur«h 
tberu (UoARB, Modtm Wilt*. ■ Ambresbiiry,' 

S. ion). He marriixl, IiiyI. Elizabeth, cld^^st 
auffbter of Sir John l-Hiot Ohe was bom in 
lOlit). bv whom he had a son, William, who 
bccAnii- third Viecount SaycaiiJ S'.-k- in 1074 ; 
MOJnJlv,I'n»nc«,dau(5hterofKichrtnlWliil<?- 
head of Tiiflirley, HanipBhire,wh(i dii>d 17 Oi^t. 
1691 , ag^•d 70, by wlwm lie had thnw dniiphler* 
(Collins, Pe^rafff, cd. Btj-dgts, vii. 2-2, ii))- 
In addition lo the iipeechea and pamphlets 
above mentioned Fiannu wasth* aatnor of 
1. 'Hpeechconcefmngtlioprofierof iheCity 
of tvoiidon to diHburae 00,000/. towards the 
AnpprcMinn of the R«bt-llton in Ireland,' 
1^1. 2. ' UnpanilloUl lt«a«oiia for Abolin))- 
ing Epi»Px>parT,' 4to, 1610 : thiH ia a reprint 
ofhis speecli of H Feb. I '14 ! nijninst «jHi«oii|Kiry. 
S. Walker Attnbnti>A to Fiennes the compila- 
tim of Sprigg«*s ' Aagtia RedtTJra,' but gives 



no pTOof yltutory of Imtt^ttH-trniry, i. 
4. WikhI Httribaln Io Fienne? 'Mo 
Asserted,' lOH). An account of tho on^ 
fvrences of Cromwell aad tint coousillH 
which vrpA him to accept the crown. 
printed in the • Somera Trnrta,' ed. Scott, 
Mt). A portrait is in tfaii poMMsion of Lqi 
Saye at Uroughton Cattle, and ia ea^ 
in vol. ii. of Lord Nugvnt's ' Memontll 
tlani]kdeu. 



IIH 

I 




[Lins of Fienaw ■^f^r 'i Wood's AthscB 
Oxoaianses, od. Bliss, iii. 877 ; Nul'tn'n [lo«ma( 
Oromirall.i. S7I ; KdBs's Jwlgefl of {i^nftlaad. 
Brcn of iho family of FianiMS ar« ta b« 
t.i>)hn«'n r<y.ntjtr, «1. Bnrdges. »oL tH., *u 
(>>aihc'iiEIiiii.nf l{(ii:kingnaa)ahire,ii. 470. 
oToDtseouiMctoiliriththsgovsraiBantnfBT 
FteniiB«,scet<cTnri> Memoirs of BiisLol. en 
th« estalofina of [Munphhita ia ii. 2dS-i. ^ 
ctMracier ts ataburatdly akct<lifd by Sanfard i 
his Stadias aod lUusCratloa* of tjieOraa ~ 
bellion, p. 3BI. A punphUtmlitlod 'TheScn,w^ 
[Imigii <IiMviT«r«d,' 16.J4. coataint m viodioatiMil 
of hi* iDilitary career, and wan probably viituaj 
by hisfklharj d U. F. 

FIENNES or PIENES, Tf'""'-^ 
nblh LoBD Uachb (If>l7-lWl). v 
Sir ThoniBs Fienea, by Joan Sul t<,iii, 
of Edward and oJElor of John, lor i ! ' . . 1 1 . 
Sir Thomas died in the lifetime of Li= 
Thomas, eighth lord Uarre of the 
The eighth lord marrit'd Anne, daugh 
8tr Humuhrffv Bouofaier, and grand^i 
of J(^ii, lord Bemers; was en^^ed in r 
ine Perkin Warheck's insurrection 
141)7, anil nftvr much public Mrvics die 
in IA34. He suoCMded hia grandfnthc 
in 1&31-6, having then bu-ely coropleti 
biA s^>rent«&nth rear. With the Pnkw 
Norfolk and T>ir^ Mountjoy be haaded 
cavalcade of knights and anuinH who nu>4 
Anne (rf Clevea [q. v.] on Rainham Itowt 
on New Year's evo loS9-40 (Hiilisoket) 
Chroa. iii. 811), (fn thr niffhi nf MO A( 
1Q4I Lord Uocre and a party ofyoutha, 
bis castle of Huratmom^'in for a pon 
(tolic in the park of Mr. Xichobis P( 
at lAOghlan. On their way ihilhi:r the 
company got divided. OnupirrT, not that, 
it wrtiiK! appwjx, to which Lotd Oacre 
tonp^d, foil in with some persons, jm ' 
somv of Peiliam's servants, one of wboB 
moitidly w(iundi>d in a s^ufHe. Tho 
company wad indicted on th" < 
der. Tii« innocence of the (j 

so clear ihiit the ]mvy council t :. 

bofor« ordering a pro«a»cutii>n. 1-1 <i ''■■■p ]""-1 
bsbly undvr pr(>s«ure from ihi I 
Hiti. »f IjiffltiMd, ir. 120). 
nearinpLi*worrt,*cm.'llT,rtiV(ilr, w:idi.ii-, 
(SUTBBS, Lniuref, pp. M^i), wu naolvwlj 



Fiennes 



433 



Fiennes 



I 



chat the javne ma.at\it>a\A die,aDdliia *»ur- 

paMtnp M>ir-wnruliiisiui' drovR htR councUlon 

to ft deciaian, llKHiffti not without i long unil 

•toriDf debate. TKu cxm' wan triod in Iha 

court of kiiif'ft brnrli on '27 June, befrtn the 

Jord chjuicellor iLor-l Au'llev of WaldeB>, 

'Htlingtlial .)«ynsliipli*l/-wi»ri1.if Engl«nfl,' 

I l^rd I)acr« kl iirt-t [ilefidt-d'not guilty;'but. 

I * overpersiiaded by the r^mni^re, who ^ruptd 

ftftt^T nis »tste. to confe-M th« fact ' (Caudbx. 

£iiza(^tA, ty. Kesxkit, ii. hSO), he pleadtKl 

^iility. ond'cuet himsi^lf on I lie king's memr, 

ftp ihti '.miy wuy to t*vv his uwu and htH s^t- 

v«nt'» tifr. A capital conviclioa necMsarilj 

followwl. Tile jiidgw tbcraupoB uMd their 

infliii^o' Trilh l.lii> king to obtain merey. 

Thekinf.Iiowever.waedeierminod.andUiicro 

wneofd«red to l>i'>'iL<T.iit'-<l ii<-\t diir, ^t) June, 

BE 11 A.H., on Tower Hill. The execution 

waa stayed by so order from the kini;, but 

CATTied out tfao Mine nfVomoon nt Trhuni. 

l>t<!T« wms buri«d in St. S«pulc lire's Church 

OB Saow mil. Th« popular compwMon vu 

Aeeplj tnovtxL S<:ren of hi* compaaions 

1^^ twatdaahiiiMelfwere inUiclad. Fourofthem 

^H were acquittcMl, and ihivfi tiuiivi hia fat«. 

^^K Tbfl case ban fyar iiiiice ln-i-a referred to as a 

^H notable pncedeni (Hill, Pi«a»^the Cmmi, 

^H i. 430; wcond part by Jacob, i. 47). l»rd 

^H Daere. by hin n-ife MAry, dnii^hterof Georj^ 

^H Neville, lord A btTgnvnny, left, two «o««, 

^H Thomac, who dirit. ngni IJJ, in 10&3, and 

^B Gregory [q. v.], who waa restored to hi* 

1^^ hoaoun in I'loH, nnd a dauf^htt^r, Mvvaret. 

who morri^ ^mpaon I^nnard, esq., of Cbe- 

I^B Tmiitig, Kent, and on IbtrdeAthorbiirbrothi^r 

^K without ingtiv iiiliuriliid hif rittailud eftiat«3, 

^^ and waa dMlared llttnitieui Uiicr« in 1(K>1. 

r [Hall'a Cliroaii'lc p. 811: HoHmlu^'s Chro- 

ntclM. iii. m : Frvu'lw'* Hist, of Kngtand, ir. 
I'.'0'L': CAindcn's Klisibotb. nib anna iSfii: 
H-jley SLSS. JtriL Mn». i. 718-] K. V. 

FIESNES, WILIJAM, first Vihoopst 
a*lB Kiul Sblu (]5fii~l(Bi}), K>n of Kichurd 
FianuM, lord Sav iind S»'1p, niid Goii«tance, 
datuhterof Sir William Kinir^mill, wa^ luro 
S8 SUj 1582. eotorwl nl New Ct>lle^ a» a 
fpllow-commoner in 1GA6, wna admitted a 
fcUow in 16(>CI, and aucoe^ded his iatber in 
April 1613 (DiiTLB, Official Bamiage, iii. 
-21 1 ; WfWD. AtMi-iM Orcm. od, BU«^ iii. W«>. 
ClamoduQ clui.iii--l<'riM>ii Say« aa * a man of a 
clow and n.worv<.>d natiin-, of a mean and 
narrow fdriunv, .if i^rwat |inrt« ami of Ibe 
litjthivt anihltiim, Imi whoM^ unbiliun would 
not ho ■dlisHiid willi ■•nii>'«and prvf«ment 
without flame <'on(l>'?.^iiiiiftn« and altemtionB 
inncclMinittnii cniilU'r*' (IlfhfUion, iii. i*tS). 
Doring the loti<rr [urt. of James I's mip) 
8lJ* waa one of thu iuo*t proDun«Dt oppv 

Tot. ivni. 



nenia uf the court. In 1621 howu* activB 
agninat Bacon, ami urif>^ Llwt li« aliould be 
degraded from the pt'eracu ('OABOizriiB, Hiat. 
q/ EngUntd, iv. lU:!). In 1(122 bv oppoavd 
Uie benerotence levied by the king', aajrinff 
that li« knew no law bt<<idw parliamnit to 
piM^iiadi' nH>n to f^ivA away tbi^ir own good* 
{Ct'firt and Time* of Jame* 1, u. 312). For 
I hij« offencK- he wa« ituprtAoiwd for six months 
in the Floot, and conRitiN] for «ome time after- 
warda to his own house ( Val. Utatt Paptr; 
Dom. 1616-23, p. 487, ih. 1623^, pp, 31, 
168J. When H(ickiiif{ham relumeJ from 
Spain and propoaod to make himself popular 
by bivukiu^ thu Spuuiidi mutch. ' fav rasolvod 
to I'mbniri! th<! friendship of the Lord Saye, 
who was as eoUcitoutt to climb bv that Udder * 
[Clibest>o!«, lUMlinii, \\. -U:^). The pro- 
motion of Saye to the rank of viaoount 
(6 July IB'24) may bd reinrded as the fruit 
of this r«niporarT friendsliip. Tt aim helpa 
to ftcconnt for the extreme hiltemess nith 
which Sayfc pm-veuli-d I he attack on Cran- 
flcild. urnng, for iuatance, that be sbould be 
fined SO,Qubf., the highest aum suggealod 
duringlhi'diicutieion (Ltirib* i>eAatoruuriiif 
l(fc»4 and leiHl, (Tamden Society, pp.81-90;. 
In tlis parliament uf \*\i^\ Sayewae again in 
opposition ; hn d<-ft'ndi?d Lhct priviliigM uf the 
peeragaagainjit the kinj; in the eaaea of Bristol 
and Amndel, and iiiier^-nned on behalf of 
Di^gea when ttuckingharo acriised him of 
KpeakingtnAeonO'^. pp. U7, 135, 139,167). 
In the autumn of the aame year li« wna 
uooQg those who refused to pay the forced 
loan \Cal. Stat'- PafHfA, Dom. 16:25-0, p. 
485). In th« purliamt;ni of ]028,during toe 
diocuaiions oo tlie kinif's claim to commit to 
prUonwitboutahowingcatiBc.hp proved him« 
self an ublv dt:bal«r and skilfiu tafitician, 
ftugg^ting bofore tJie divtaion 'that all of 
tliem that would so ignobly stand against th« 
moat legal and Bm-tr>iit IiU>rly of the subject 
should, togttther with their name, subecrilw 
their ressnn to tlm volt-, to remain uuou re- 
cord unto poiit«ri[y, which motion daunted 
them all with alir^lv-enwnf Ibeirignoniiny' 
( Court and Time* of CSartM I, i. 349). Ho 
onploy«d with great aucceaa the right, of 
pe«t* to im)t««l, ibfl 'Value ot whioa aa a 
weapon of parliamentary warfare h« seems 
to bare been the flmt to di«covor. In tbo 
debates on the l^tition of Itiglil b" oppoetKl 
tbo raeorrations and amendments by which 
the court party anught to nullify it (Oab- 
DtXEK, Uifl. of Kn^land). During tbo elafvim 
yL^ar^' inti.^TTnift*iun of narliomcnu Sayn de- 
voiud bis energius to ai-aeniw of otdonisatian 
partiv to U-tti^rhU CortunM), but mainly from 
religious and political motives. In ItiSO 
bu csUbUahvd, in coiijuu£iioD vilh Lord 



Fiennes 



4it 



Fiennes 



Brooke [see Gbbtille, Robbbt], John Pym, [ 
and other puritan notables, a comjKiny for . 
the colonisation of the ialajid of New Pro- I 
vidence in the Caribbean Sea (Calmdar of \ 
State Papers, Col. 1674-1660, PP- xiv, 123). ] 
In ABsociation again with Lord Brooke and ; 
ten others he obtained from Ixurd Warwick 
and the New England Company a patent for ; 
a large tract of land on the Connecticut River \ 
(19 March 1631-2). They appointed John ; 
SVintlintp the younger to act as governor, 
established a fort at the mouth of the river, ' 
to which they gave the name of Sayebrook, | 
and sent over a shipload of colonists (Doile, ; 
Engluh in America ; the Puritan Colonies, 
i. 206, 211 ; "WiSTHBOP, Btst. of New Eng- 
tonrf. ed. 1863, i. 116). In 1633 Save and 
Brooke also purchased ^m some Bristol 
merchants a plantation at Cocheco or Dover, 
in what is now New Hampshire (Doyle, i. 
277). They both contemplated settling in 
New England, but demanded as a prelimi- 
nary the establishment of an hereditary aris- 
tocracy, consisting of themselves ' and such r 
other gentlemen of approved sincerity and 
worth as they, before their personal remove, 
shall take into their number.' From the 
ranks of this body alone the governors were 
hereafter to be chosen. These propositions 
and the answer of the Massachusetts govern- 
ment are printed in Hutchinson's ' History of 
Ma.'isftchufietts' (ed, 1795, i. 430). Displeased 
by this n'ception of his offer, and discouraged 
by the difficulties of American colonisation, | 
Baye concentrated his energies on the settle- 
ment of New Providence. To obtain colo- , 
nistn he and his partners were obliged, says 
"VVinthrop, ' to condescend to articles some- ■ 
what more suitable to our form of govern- ■ 
ment, although they had formerly declared j 
themselves against it and for a mere aristo- I 
eracy' (i. § 333). In his eagerness to attract '. 
emigrants to New Providence Save spread ' 
disparaging reports about New England, 
which brought upon him the reproofs of 
Winthrop, In his defence Saye not only 
complained that the climate of New Eng- 
land was cold and the soil barren, but at- 
tacked the whole organisation of the colony, 
both as to church and state. ' No wise man 
would be so foolish as to live where every 
man is a master and masters must not correct 
their servants, where wise men propose and 
fools deliberate.' Their liberty was not ' the 
desirable liberty such as wise men would wish 
to enjoy and live under ' (^Manmchuitetts His- 
torical Collection, 1. 297). With these views 
it is not surprising that Save abandoned his 
enterprises in New England and surrendered 
his rights there. In 1641 the New Ilamp- 
ahire settlements were made over to Massa- 



chusetts, and three years later Se&brook (u 
Sayebrook is usually termed in American 
documents) was sold to Connecticut (Dotle, 
Puritan Colonies, i. 286, 381). On account 
of this connection with colonisation Saye was 
one of the commissioners for the government 
of the plantations appointed on 2 Nov. 1613 
(HcBBAjn), Ordinances, 1646, p. 378). 

In the gradually increasing opposition to 
the government of Charles I Saye took a lead- 
ing part. ' He was,' says Clarendon, ' the 
oracle of those who were called pttritam in 
the worst sense, and steered all their counsels 
and designs ' {^Rebellion, iii. 26) . At his house 
at BroughtOQ, adds Wood, the malcontenu 
used to meet, ' and what embryos were con- 
ceived in the country were shaped in Grays- 
Inn-Lane near London, where the under- 
takers for the Isle of Providence did meet ' 
(Wood, Athaia, ed. Bliss, iiL 547). Save 
headed the resistance to ship-money in Ox- 
fordshire and in Gloucestershire (CaL State 
Papers, Dom. 1636-7, pp. 122,194,210). In 
Lincolnshire his goods were distrained, he 
sued the constable for an ille^l distress, and 
when the constable pleaded the king's writ, 
demurred that the writ was not a sufficient 
warrant (U>. 1637, pp. 166, 252). The go- 
vernment retaliated by proceeding against 
him in the StaiMihamber for depopulation 
and conversion of houses and lands {ib. p. 
248). How these suits ended does not ap- 
pear. According to Clarendon, Saye refused 
to acquiesce in the judgment against Hamp- 
den, and was so solicitous to have his own 
case argued that he was very ffrievous to the 
judges {Rebellion, iii. 20). Tlie Scotch war 
afforded another opportunity for resistance. 
Saye reluctantly followed the kiujf to the 
army, and refused, in company with Lord 
Brooke, to take the military oath demanded 
by the king from the English peers. Both 
were committed to custody, but as no pre- 
text could be found for punishing them, they 
were simply sent home (Lismore Papers, ii. 
iv. 19 ; Clarendon State Papem, ii. 45 ; 
Hist. MSS. Comm. 4th Rep. p. 23). In 
the Short parliament Saye was one of the 
minority of twenty-five peers who sided with 
the commons in demanding redress of griev- 
ances before supply (Oardikeb, ^ia/o^y^ 
England,\x. 109). After the dissolution hu 
study was searched in the hope of finding 
treasonabledocuments ((A.p.l29). But Says 
was much too wary to expose himself to the 
penalties of high treason, and refused to a^ 
the proposed mvitation to the Scots to m- 
vade England, though his signature was 
among those appended by Lord Savile to the 
forged letter to Johnstone of Warriston (i6. 
p. 179). The court, however, firmly believed 



Fiennes 



435 



Ficnncs 



il be liiu! ini-iliid tho ScoU, sail Stmf- 
ird was nboat to itncii.%0 hini of treason 
vWa lie WKS hiin»clf impi^clied (■*<&. p. 
11 : CuBESl»n"s, Uf/>fl!Unt, iii. 10). At tlie 
ling of th« Lon;; {'urliamt'iii Sa^t> lield a 
(t po;ttiDn in thr IIoilol* of linrdf^ He 
I**! ODCc, m^3 ( 'l«ixtiidoii, ' very gr^m au- 
Hv wilL ihu (ti!tronteiiU'cl {nartv (hrouKt^ 
Mit tlic kingdom, and a ^ood rvpuUtion with 
'niniiy who wurc uoi, who iK-licvi-d lijtii lo bo 
a w-is« luut, Kiid of a very uw^ful temper in 
ftD i^n' t>f UccoEc, Knd out- nhu would etUl 
lillM'ni lo llie law ' Ulrb^llMfi, iii. 2fl), Thi. 
kiuff Kl^JVfl lo vriu liim over hy office, and 
Miintrd liiiQ n iirirj- cxiuncilfor (IM F*-b. 
11 ), tn&stor of lhi> miirt of wnnls 1^17 Muy 
1(M1 ), mid nnui of the coiiimiK,>iinni>rs of th« 
tivaNurv^l Mnrltitl vIiOTLE, Ojfi<ial liarou- 
f. iii. 27i >, Afeonlin(f to Clttrciidoii. Soye, 
ihr Hope of obtflininfj the trtrflaurcraliip, 
xiiiH-d the king lo eAvi'^inift'unl'filiri!, but 
(imI .Sftviltr &ppMirAlo hiivi' Wn ih>* pnrKon 
>l1j VDjiaffiid in liils iiitri)7U'' { ItftifUum, iii. 
W; 0*UiH!(EK,77MAjri/'j/'i?iJyAiiij/,ix,.S4r>J- 
utA rc«l did not ditnimsli in ronwqiicnce 
loriiif jirffiTnwtit, On 21 Slay 16-11 bemade 
lotii^ npr-ecli in an»w<T lo clii' ItiAhop of 
jincolii '>n tli^ bill fur rcstrniiiinij bi»uo|ia 
tdp-^rtonflit^holv^rdcr^fmmintvnnc^dlin); 
■ h eecnlnr affura i OM Parliainrntanf Hu- 
y. ix. 11141. Anoth<-r sjietvli, in &ii»Mr«F 
ftu thi- clinrgi' of bviii^ n iB-uiirAtifit, i^ printed 
• Diuninl Uccurreiict^/ ItiJI, p. 4"J;i. Dur- 
ih<* kiug'x almuiicu \n Scotland Sure wha 
' of t lie oommiiuitniiikni of r^frmcr. ^ Aug. 
:!r, Nov. 1641 (It^yLi:. iii. 271>.' Ho *lao 
lijpMHl Xhn |im1.i)l» nf It Si.pt., 24 Dec. 1041, . 
id -4 Jim. ltm>, nnd iicT^ tliroiifrhoiit in 
leonct'rt with the popular l<%der8 in fW com- 
mie ( llooRlui, Prolate' nf thf LoTd», i. ((, 7, 
PurliiiTD<'iit nriininat'od him lord-litMi- 
fi<ruiiit of Oxfordshire, Chetiiiiiv.ftndOloucns- 
Jiire, «n(l he wn* one of the ojmmitt«-o nf 
>fnty op^B'inled l ,I.:ly IftlS (DoTLE ; OlR- 
IKKK, K. LtK'l. Ili= *n.-t<li to ihf I»ndoiiers 
\vT till? bnttlt- "l" Eittp'Itill, BJid liis prulcsl 
IbfrunsL the I<-[ii(>iit m-utmi-ni of delinquent 
,,. <\..^ tjiu jjp,. fnilufca of the war 
■i-hI hi* n-<Hilution (OW ft»r^ 
. . '' "', ^i, JKI ; RooKEfi, p. 13). 
I .;■'■■ na" (xwplt^ from wiT- 
'"i I ' ;i.'iii''ii!m.iiMti i.f ;t Nov. 

< him w> 
i< iunicnt in 
ttl"' Uriiiy "f .Mnreli \\'A'4y*>l<i rariittmnititry 
}jfi/rn/, tm 17H, IWJ). Soye niiw-d a ivj(i- ' 
"-linnii-nl.orfupicdOxfDrd.eJid 
liDiiw* nt l{n)Ughl<in, which ' 
i.lirul lo ihr' king iniiticiliftltlv nfl^r 
bill (I'i:i*h:t. Jlitfory (/ Uaafiuiy.V. ' 

X\ WiiircLocu, JUemoriaU, t 63). lie i 



Bjit in the wtwmUy of divities, and was 
n!ckoni>d a supporter uf tlie in(lL-|K'nd<'ntii In 
it (HAII.I.IR, /.*//iT.,ii. 1 Hf,t;40,.t44). Ht- w«a 
held ilie only adhnrent of that partT in the 
lluuv yf Lords (Ci-ARKsi>ox,viii. itlOy. Saye 
thiiA fonned a link betwften the ponnlar 
lenders in the lowpr honae and the lords. 
On 1 I'Pb. itiU he introduced tlw Ar^c ordi- 
nance for the i^lahliiihnient of tlie committM 
of both kingduuf, and \Knit naturally one of 
th* knding nu'mlwr!* nf that body wb«n it 
WM actually appoiuiL'd 0<-tK^i?<Hii, Ilutwy 
of the Oftat Cieit War. i. 85S). .Still mope 
important wua 3»ye> iiiftuencu la the jWMting 
of lilt- •('lf-<li>nTiiig ordinancp. He held tbe 
proxy of (he fearl of Mulgnve, aud by ila 
DHiaiui tunisd tha scale in Eavourof the tnea- 
Bure on two important diTisione. Twice alio 
during the d«-bnti-ji h» »«i-d hiit right to pr^ 
tctft against the amciidmenLn bv whiirh tbe 
prosbytprlans soni^hl to lincopw I iir ordmnitc« 
(0W'i'hWw»lcnrrti7//.'f"ry,iiii, jL>4,43;i-R, 
443). \\\xea the purbament finally triutaph«d 
the court of warda waft abobslira, and SATO 
ira»gr(iii(i.-d lO.'XWf.in Ueaoftbemasterahiit, 
Acconliiig lo Holies bo obtniniKl in i«aii«fac- 
linn for 4,00(U. of that sum Cotliiiuton'ii ««- 
tatcof Hanu-orth, worth really 14,0wf.(' Me- 
noin of Uenzil HoUm/ H.uaBBa, Traetr, 
i. !W0). In thv ftruicgl*" bntween army and 
parliamrot Saye took part with the amir, 
and eigiie<d thu f.'ng«gi>in<int of 4 Aug. ltU7 
(Rir8nwnRTn,vii.7A>'>). From that |)«rtodhe 
bonn to change his policy, and bewnv pn> 
nunent among thoM who strove to patch up 
a pt-aei' with thekingin the9umnii.'rof IfMo. 
Saye 'had not the lca»tthou)ihtof di»8olving 
the monarcbv, and le«a of levelline the raoki 
and dijittuction» of men ... be waa as 
proud of Li.4 tjuality, and of being distin- 
guishMl from uthvr m<.>n by hia titlv, as any 
man olivi-,' and bft ' well foresaw what would 
beromii of his peerage if thf Irvaly proved 
inetti-clual, and thn army ahould make their 
own nuidfl of tht- gnv>TTim*mi ' (CtAKEXlHiK, 
JirJjtUvjn, vt. ll>9, xi. KiTi). An apptial to him 
to ufj- hi» inAut'iicc f>ir peace was publi.<dKsd 
in l<>4t7, entitled' A I.rtterfram a Noblvman 
of thlft Kingdom, now in arms for tiia King 
and Country, lo the Lord Save, wrioaaly 
iiivitinK him lo his Alh-giaiiCK-.' A ^ one of 
tlif^ eommissiDncrt at the Ircaly of Newport, 
Havi-, 'with more pauion than waa natumt 
toliiii roiuttitution, urgvd th« king to agree 
witli thv pariinmrnt (t2. xi. 16U). Un hia 
n.-tiirn lo I^onrlon he secnts to bavo done hia 
bMt to obtain the ■ri:vptance of ihw king's 
conrmteiiona (\V*t.KKii, Ifutary nf Indrptm- 
lifntv, «-d. lOtil. pt. ii. p. II). 

Aftor iLc kiuKB dMih Saja iook no pMl 
io public alEaiis. TratUtion rvpreaenla him 



Fiennes 



436 



Fife 



aaliving in retirement in tbe island of Lundy, 
which h&d been held for the king during the 
war, but was recovered by its owner in 1647 
(Abrief Declaration of the Treaty coTtceming 
Lundy, 4to, lft47). He was there in 1651, 
as a curious letter to him from a royalist 
privateer who had captured one of his ships 

troveB(JVfercwriw»Po/tiiei«,26Juneto3 July 
651,p.888). Abouttwo years later Dorothy 
Osborne writes to Temple that she ia told 
that Lord Saye ' has writ a romance since his 
retirement in the Isle of Lundy ' (Letters of 
Dorothy Osborne, p. 162, 1st ed.) The refer- 
ences in his pamphlets prove that he lived at 
Brougbton during the latter part of the pro- 
tectorate. He published two tracts against 
the quakers entitled : 1. 'Folly and Madness 
made Manifest: or some things written to 
show bow contrary to the Word of Qod, &c., 
tbe Doctrines and Practices of the Quakers 
are,' Oxford, 1669, 2. ' The Quaker's Reply 
Manifested to be Railing ; ' this is appended 
to the former. A royalist agent describea 
Saye in 1668 as favourable to the king, but 
demanding the confirmation of the articles 
agreed on at the treaty of Newport ( Claren~ 
£m State P^era, iii. 392). Saye took his 
seat in the House of Lords at tbe opening 
of tbe Convention parliament on 26 April 
1660, was appointed a member of the privy 
council in June 1660, and, according to Col- 
lins, lord privy seal (Peerage, vii. 22). He 
was also one of tbe council of the colonies, 
appointed 1 Dec. 1660, and on 10 July 1661 
wrote to the governor of Massachusetts ex- 
pressing his aflection for the colony, and 
saying that he had used his influence both 
with king and council to advance their in- 
terest. ' I was loth to omit writing because 
it may be my last, my glass being almost run 
out, and I returning nome ' (HpTCHraaoH, 
Hittory of Masmchufettt, 3rd edit., i. 202). 
Saye diedonl4 Apnll662, andwasbunedat 
Broughton. He married, about 1602, Eliza- 
beth, daughter of John Tt^mple of Stow, 
Buckinghamshire, who died in 1648 {Dotlb, 
iii. 272 ; Beesley, History of Banbury, p. 475). 
Clarendon gives two long characters of 
Saye (BebelUon, iii. 26, vi. 409) ; one by Ar- 
thur "Wilson is contained in bis ' History of 
James I,' 1653, p. 161, and a panegyric in 
verse is printed in W, Mercer's ' Anglian 
Speculum,' 1646. His usual nickname was 
* Old Subtlety,' which well expresses hia as- 
tuteness as a parliamentary tactician and his 
ability in council. 

A portrait of Saye is preserved at Brougb- 
ton, and numerous engrB^Hngs are contained 
in the Sutherland ' Clarendon' in the Bod- 
leian (^Catalogue of the Sutherland Collection, 
1837, ii. 90). Wood attributes either to 



Save or to Nathaniel Rennes a pamphlet 

Subliahedin 1654, entitled 'The Scots'Deeign 
iscovered,' or ' Vindiciee Veritatis.' It con- 
tains a statement of the case of the parlia- 
ment against tbe Scots, written about 1647, 
and a vindication of the conduct of Nathaniel 
Fiennes during the war. 

[Doyle's OfBcial Baronage, iii, 271 ; Collins's 
Peerage, ed. Bijd^s, vii, 22 ; Wood's Atbeox 
Ozon., ed. Bliss, iii. 6<6; Walpole'a Boyal and 
Noble Authors, ed. Parle, iii. 69 ; Lloyds State 
Worthies, 1870, p. 972; Clarendon's Hist, of the 
KebeUion, ed. Macray.] C. H. F. 

FIFE, Eabls op. [See Duff, Jambs, 
second Eari., 1729-1809 j Duff, Jakes, 
fourth Eabl, 1776-1857 ; Macdcfp, Thase 
and Earl.] 

FIFE, Sir JOHN (1795-1871), sui^eon, 
was bom at Newcaatle-on-Tyne in 1796, his 
father being a medical man of Scotch orinn, 
practising at Newcastle. After qualifying 
as a member of the London College of Sur- 
geons, he was for a short time an army 
assistant-surgeon at Woolwich, but returned 
to Newcastle in 1816, and commenced prac- 
tice with his father. As a practitioner, and 
especially as a surgeon, he took a leadingposi- 
tion in his town and throughout the nortnem 
counties, being remarkable for his punctuality 
and for the long distances he would ride in 
all weathers. In 1834 he took an octive part 
in founding the Newcastle School of Medi- 
cine, in which he long lectured on sui^ry, 
being also surgeon to tbe Newcastle Infir- 
mary. He was a successful litbotomist and 
a very cool and confident operator. He 
became fellow of the College of Surgeons in 
1 844, but wrote nothing of importance on his 
profession. 

Fife's distinction as a local politician was 
even greater than bis mark as a surgeon. He 
was an advanced liberal, and in his early 
days was stigmatised as a chartist. In 1831 
be was active in forming the northern politi- 
cal union, which agitated in favour of the 
Reform Bill. Fife s stirring speeches bad a 
great efiect at this time. In 1835 he was 
elected one of tbe first members of the new cor- 
poration of Newcastle, and was immediately 
chosen alderman. In 1838-9 he was mayor, 
and when the chartist outbreak of JuljlSSS 
took place he displayed conspicuous courage 
and good judgment in suppressing it. For 
this he was knighted in 1840. In 1843 he 
was again mayor, and presided at a great 
meeting on 22 Jan, 1843, addressed by Mr. 
Cobden, in furtherance of the Anti-Comlaw 
agitation. He continued a member of the 
corporation till 1863. He was one of tha 
most influential promoters of the voltintMt 



» 

b 



I 
I 



inovoment in NewcftMle in 1860, ami became 
Ueutuimtit-coloncl of iho local rv^Dimt, re- 
■i^inK liis j>o«t in 18^H,und r«i,vivtiif{ a nil- 
vt-r ivnln^puve rnlua lOU/. aa ft ttstimonial 
/row thw rt^tiiuient. Hi; was for aonie yoart 
prwiik-ni of lli« Xewcostlo Mechonwa' In- 
fltilutioo, and §u[>por1ed many educational 
aik<) otLer mcasuri^ for the beni^Gt of Hit- 
working cloMC*. Aflw ■ life of i^rest ac- 
tiritj, I'lfe suiTeml froai stone in tbe blad- 
der, which voA rcmoviti by Sir W. Ferpu*- 
tou in 1p7U, bui lie was <:oi)i|)«llr<J to retire 
from practice. Uu 16 Jan. 1871 hevas at- 
tacked by mnlyus, and dii-d avxL day at 
ite«l*inout&. North Tyne, amd lit. llu 
aafriod a Mies Bainbrid^, oj wham Iw 
bad aer^ral cbildn>n, incfodinff four anns. 
PemiwdlT, Fife was b?ld in wann regard by 
tn?n of all partiee. lie vaa frank, op«o- 
heaitod, and gcoorotui, courtly ta manner and 
neat in penoo. 

[NnrcB»lla I>Mly Cl>rouid«. 17 J>n. I«7I ; 
laiicet. Sriu Ued. Joara. 31 Jan. 1871.1 

G. r. B. 

FiaO JAMIilS (.a. 1734), pu^U«t, wa> a 
iiativi! of Tbame, OxfordBbine. He bccaoiD 
a moater of iht! 'noble art 'of aelfxlvfence, 
and eMabliitbe<) an amphitheatre of academy 
of arms sdjotoin^ bis houM>, the tiga of tbe 
' City of Oxford,' in Clxfftrd [toad, Marylebone 
I^clds, London. Tbere be taught the uiie 
of tbe u&all- and back-«vord, cudffelling', 
ami ptwiluiiatoBlargu number of ffeoUemen, 
and bia fame ua a awordaraan oecame u 
grMt tbat liu wan mrniaod in the 'Tuler,' 
* Guardian,' and 'Cnulaman.* Kig)ffrequenlly 
displayed bia own eidti, and at other limoa 
maoo matc.lK>s b<.>tw(>vn the mmt eminent 
profewnns both nuile and fi^malc, of thi- art 
of defence. On one oceafiioa Mre. Stoku, 
tbtt famous city champion ««ii, cballenmd th« 
' Hibuniiaa lusroines ' to meet ber at r^jg^a. 
Sotnvtiutea bear-baitJng and tiger-baitinjf 
werr oxlitlMtAd at tbe ampbitlusatrei, and once 
a bull-flgbt was advortix^, thoiijib it did not 
come on. The popularity of tlioM onter- 
tainmMita ia uriiieoced by ibv fii£t that the 
doors wvrt- opi>iied thrre buurs bHoru ibu 
pcrforiiiutice W|^. Hrrom nut^M in hia 
journal, on U April 172o : ' \V« look coach 
to l*ik-ir'H mnphitnealr.', whi;n> Mr, Leycflelt-r 
paid ;!'. iti/. tnrtn". I'i^r^' untlSuMnn FoukIiI. 
Vigg hatl a wound, and hli>d pn^lty muchi 
Suitnn ha«l a blow with n quarUTsIall' jwat ^ 
ujion tiii knM-, which made hioi liime, an 
ihtn they gave ortr' (Jtanain», i. 117). A 
buuiuroua poeui waa written by Dyrom on 
thia trinl of rkill (DoiWLKl, IhHrrtitm •>/ 
jfVni»,«-!. 177^, vi.:rt«0;M*tC<iIJ«. -4»fmrf«<fM| 
vf thf MaHn/rn anil Cutt<MU of I/mdtm,Kd\i. 
1810.U. lOb): 



I^ng iriia lii« grenl 1^'igg Ly the i*'"** ^* *'*" ^ 

mine 
.^l« niotiarcb ackBOwledgod of Maijbona plaiaa. 
It ifl turned into proee in Thackeray's ■ Vir* 
giniaua.' Indeed, neither Ned Sulton, (be 
pip<^maki>r of OrarfMnd and champioa 
of Kent, nor Tom DiKk, nor Bob Stokei, 
couM mtiat bia skill and valour. Ue wa« 
never beab^n but oncf. and llten by Sutton 
in one of ibeir previous combata; and the 
dofonc waa ronerally oUowmI to have been 
ovriii^ 10 Ping's iUums at the timv. lo 
Aug^iat 17*J5 a singular contest took placn 
In thv ompbitbeHt ro. Sutton and a female 
'beroiae'afKt-ntfoughtStokMaodhuconMrt 
of London. Tbe sum of 40/. waa to he paid to 
tbe roan or woman who gave the most cuta 
with the sword, and ^/. to the combatant 
who dealt the moat blows at quartentalT, 
bc«idee the eolk-ction in tbe box. 

l-'tgg foiif[ht bi« i271«t battle in October 
1780, with one Uolmes, whose wrist ht* 
cut to the bono. In December 1731 bo and 
Sparka contended with the broadsword at 
toe French or Little Theatn? in the Hay- 
market, befiKw Ite Puke of l-tirrsine. Count 
Kinslii, and other permna of dLilinction. A 
newspaper of tbe day obeerved that ' the 
beaaty and jtidgment of the nword waj 
delineated in a very extraordinary manner 
by these two cbainpiotis, and with reiy 
li'lUe bloodshed ; his serene hitfhneaa was 
extremely pteaaad, and axpivaaad hia entire 
aattsfiution, and ordi^nd wm a bandaomtt 
grmtuity.' 

FW kept a grvat tiled booth on the Bowl- 
ing Qrwo, Soitthwark, during the time of 
tbe fair, and entertain^ tlm town with Ibe 
' manly artR of foil-play.hark-ewordicudt^l* 
lioE, and boxini;.' The performances be^ti 
daily at noon, and eloivd at ten o'clock 
(KoAK, Itojiana/i. 44). rtggdiedon7Dec. 
1734, and was buried on tbe lltb in Marj"- 
k-bone ghurchyard. 

Capuin John Qodfrsv says : ' Fig wan t)M 
Atlas of the sword, aud may he remain tlie 
)(ladiiitiii)|; itlAtux. In him strength, rMnlu- 
tion, anil nnpArallL>rd judgement conspiral 
tn form a tnalihlrtm MiuitiT. Thero waa n 
Majf^ty slinnf in bin cuunl^nance and blai^ 
in all bis action; beyond all I ever saw. . . . 
lie was Just as much a greater MeM«r than 
any other I ever aaw, as ho wu a greater 
judge of lime and measure' (Trratim tipam 
lAt **!»«• (//WSrmv, 1747. pp. 10, 41). 

His portrait, by J. KUys, was enyraretl 
hv Faber. Anotner portrait, painted hy 
ll'iKarth. wo" Ixnight by Mr. Vernon at 
Souitiel Ireland'Hsalc in IhOI fur lis. Tliere 
are also porlraits of Figg lu Hogarth's 
* Modum Midni^t OoDTenaikm,' ibe ' lUke'a 



Filbie 



438 



Fillan 



Progress,' plate 2, and ' Southwark Fair.' 
One of Figg'g tickets of admission, engraved 
by HogartE, is highly prized by collectors. 

[Kichola's Anecdotes of Hogarth (1833), pp. 
298, 387 ; Kgan's BoxianA, i. 20-9, 44 ; Bjrom s 
BemaiDS, i. 194; Hist. Reg. I73S, Chron. Diary, 
p. 6 ; LjBoai's Enriroas, iti. 259; Ualcolm'e London 
Aoecdoteit (1808), pp. 46, 339-42, S44-6 ; Noble's 
Contin. of Oranger, iii. 479 ; Evans's Cat. of 
Enffravad PortjaiU, Nos. 3874. 3875; Thacke- 
ray a Virginians; Thornbury's Old and New 
LoadoD, iv. 406, 430, 455, TJ. 58; KeliqniB 
Uearnianie (1869), iii. 164; C an si ngham's Hand- 
book of London (1849), ii. 534 ; Hone's Every- 
day Book. ii. 780.] T. C. 

FILBIE, WILLIAM (1555 P-1582), ca- 
tholic priest, was bom at Oxford about 1555, 
and educated in Lincoln College, but not 
liking the established religion he forsook the 
university, and went to the English Col- 
lie of Douay, then temporarily removed to 
Eheims. On 25 March 1581 he was ordained 
piieet in the church of St. Mary at Rheims, 
by the bishop of Ch&lonft-sur-Mame, and 
soon allerwaras he returned to England upon 
the mission. He was apprehended at Henley 
while incautiously attempting to speak to 
Father Edmund Campion, who was being 
conducted to London with other prisoners 
(Siupsoir, Edmund Campion, v. 228). They 
were all committed to the "rower, 22 July 
1681. Filbie was arraigned and condemned 
on 20 Nov., together with three other priests. 
They were executed at Tybum on 30 May 
1582, While Filbie was under the acaSbld 
the sheriff told him he had orders to reprie^'e 
him if he would own the crime he was charged 
with and conform to the established church, 
but Filbie refused to save his life on such con- 
dit ions. 

An account of his death, by an eye-witness, 
is printed in Cardinal Allen's ' Briefe His- 
toric ofthe Martyrdom of 12 reuerend Priests, 
executed within these twelue Monthts for 
Confession and Defence of Catholicke Faith, 
but vnder false Pretence of Treason,' 1682, 
8vo. 

Filbie's name is included in the list of 
English martyrs who were beatified by a de- 
cree of Pope Leo XIII, dated 29 Dec. 1886. 

[Bridgewater'sConcertatioEccleBiaeCflthoIii'se, 
p. 90 ; Challoner's Missionary Priests (1741). i. 
87; Dodd's Church Hist. ii. 103; Douay Diaries, 
pp. 10, 28. 176, 178 bis, 181, 188, 293; Evans's 
Cat. of Engraved Portraits, No. 15847 ; Historia 
del glorioso Martirio di 8e<lici SacerUoti tnarti- 
rizati in Inghilterra(MHcerala, 1583), p. 138; 
Notes and Queries. 6th ser. v. 23 ; Baisse's Cata- 
logus Christ! Sacerdotnm, p. 32 ; Simpson's Ed- 
mund Campion, p. 380; Stow's Annales (1615), I 
p. 694 ; Tablet, 16 Jan. 1887, pp. 81, 82.] T. C. | 



FHiCOCK, ROGER (rf. 1601), Jesuit, a 
native of Sandwich, Kent, arrived at the 
English OoU^ of Douay, then temporarily 
removed to Rheims, on 15 June 1688, and 
was enrolled among the grammarians sad 
batelers. On 29 &!pt. 1690 he was sent 
with nine other students to colonise the 
seminary of St. Alban, which had Just been 
founded at Vallodolid by PhiHp II of Spain 
{Douatf Diariea, p. 234). After his ordina- 
tion he petitioned to be sent on the English 
miasion. He had long desired to enter the 
Society of Joans, but Father Henry Gamett, 
the superior, from prudential motives de- 
clined to adioit him until he had had two 
years' experience of the English mission, to 
which he was sent in 1698. At the expire^ 
tion of that time he entered the society and 
was about to proceed to ilandero for his two 
years' noviceenip, when he was apprehended 
I and committed to Newgate, where ne made a 
brief probation of a few months inetead. On 
23 Feo. 1600-1 he was arraigned, under the 
statute of 27 Elizabeth, for being a priest 
and coming into this realm. He was con- 
victed upon the bare suspicion of his being a 
priest, lor be neither admitted nor demed 
that he was one, and no evidence was pro- 
duced. He was executed at 'Tybum on 
27 Feb. 1001. Mark Barkworth [q.-t.], a 
Benedictine monk, and Mrs. Ann Line suf- 
fered at the same time. Filcock's portrait 
has been engraved. 

[Cballoners Mi ssionaiy Priests (1741), 1. 395; 
Donay Diaries, p. 219 ; Foley's Records, i. 405, 
vii, 264 ; Granger's Biog. Hist, of England, 5th 
ed. i. 276 ; Kobler's Martyrer und Bekenner der 
Oesellschaft Jesu in England, p. 151; Morris'!' 
Tronblea of our Catholic Forefathers, i, 1,^8, 181; 
Oliver's Jesuit Collections, p. 90 ; Tanner '• Socie- 
tae Jesu usque ad Sanguinis ot Vi tie profusionem 
mititans, p. 60.] T. C. 

FILLAN, FOILAJf, or FELAN (with 
other varieties of form), Saint (d. 777 ?), was 
an Irish missionary in Scotland in the middle 
of the eighth century. "The date of his death 
baa been conjecturally assigned to about 777. 
His commemoration day in the Scottish ca- 
lendar is 9 Jan. He was the son of Feredach, 
a prince in Munster, and Kenti^ma, daugh- 
ter of Kellacfa Cualann, king of ijeinster, and 
sister to St. Congan. His mother died in 
4.D. 734. Being thrown into a river on his 
birth on account of deformity, he was rescued 
by St. Ibar. He became a monk at first in 
one of the monasteries of St. Munnu Fintan, 
and subsequently went from Ireland to the 
part of Argyll afterwards called Ross, where 
two churches, Eilkoan and Killellan, derive 
their names respectively from his uncle Ck>n- 
gan and himself. A cave and a church were 



«]m iuiou.ll Ipiiti liim in Ftt'o. Itut hf ao-hia 
ohielly lo Iwvi- mudL' hut atxHl^ ai ICillin in 
IVjrthBhuv.wljtTv B nuT, u HtmtL, an abljcv 
hw\' hy him uiiil Cuti^piu tn (iltiitduchurt, uud 
»■-' ;>-rnftuaiMUiit UHine,aiidwliiirt.- 

Si' M'dco be cnn^ecniuvlliy ronniTC- 

1tr>n iMliL liim art! »till pr<?i3>>rri»<l nt llii' mill. 



le*i Irolic sl'ilcu llienec bv im l^nulisb Int- 
Vi^llvria I'US.KndcArriud bylum toiiixlKiuse 
in ]|>:-rtrordslur«, where ii reiuaiued liisl lo 
I be world iiulil 1860, wlivn it inn rtstared 
lo Scotland by tbeu>e«nji of DiKkoitAU-xnnder 
l''orbi» of Brechin. Hector Bwvb b&s linlocd 
tliu (laint Tvilli lhi< ivitmin^ of iLo battle 



Ttto pnwioufl rvli™ of iliia Miint are tn?a- of Iloiuiflckbiim, and ronsrtiiwntly with lb« 



» 



• 



I 
• 

I 



•iin.>d at EdinUirgli in the miuvuni of (be 

Society of Anla|tiiirit<x "f Scotlnnd. TIn*v 

kre bis crosier and hU bell. Of the crosier 

(1)0 «Qrlt»at e-xistinK rmrord is found in an in- 

oitirjr (of whicli th^ orijpiu] i« prrserred in 

In« llreadalbano diarter-rooiD at Taymouth 

CastJel, hpld bcfbrua jurynt Glondocliart on 

S April Ui'S, us to (liv i>nvili'((wi attachiu)! 

lo il6 ]io»w.*Airtn, it beiu^ thi^n held by Finlay 

Jorv (J)L<nar), and U was found lliat vvvry 

inliabilfliit iif till- piiritdi wax bound U) con- 

tribiitJ:- annnally s reriain quantity of moal 

in iimiKirtinn lo Iii* [inldin);, th« posMMorof 

tliR croner Wing bonnd, in n^iiirn,to go with 

tbe r^lic when cal)'^] upon in searcli of loet 

or stolen floods. Thit Tiarm; by which the 

crosiiT waa then called wa« the coffgerMA, or, 

a« in a Inlvr form, tliL- (jHtgrich : tLe word ia 

eapjwM-d to mL^in u xtrangvr, but why it 'Ktti 

tliiu appliM U lull kiuiwu, uul^ai aa niarkiuc 

that th« crosier was of foreign origin. It 

next aiiunarin in IrltrirM iMtrrit of Jamo* Hi, 

dBtfd 11 July 14H7, wWk teetifiMl that it 

bad li>>pn in t ^e po>»c>6f ion of I h^' «iim<> fimiilv 

from iJit- dayfl of lt<ibir! Briicr-, and v.'hich 

letlefB were registered at LdinbureU by Ma- 

li<'«>D.Mr*(Dewar)inl7;jl. Inl7H3i|„M,ilioe 

Uoire who then held it was s mere day La* 

boiirer, and it was oeen in hia coltago by an 

Ettf^ish toiiririt. wboau dfiecriptioo wan oom- 

raunicntvd lo tav Sc<'(ti«b Society of Ant i- 

quariva. The owner, after 1796, emigmtnt 

to Canada, and all liauu of its locality ww 

lonff loat, until in 1869 Dr. Daniel Wilann 

of ToroQio happily succwded in findiaR it in 

the poui^Mion 'if A diurctwlaiil of I bat emigrant, 

« welt-tn-do farnit^r named Aloxander Dewar. 

Hit, at t.he nffe of eichty-«t>ven, b«tingd««in>UB 

that th*> n-lic nhoiild l>i' ri.'Atort'd to Scotland 

and •<'<:iir»'<i I'rom injury, sold it on 30 Dec. 

t87C,tobi<kcpt in the miui^umat Edinburgh. 

' in oil time to come, for tho uae, benefit, and 

*i\}nymant of the Scottish natioa.' It is of 

■ilvcr gilt, and omaxnoDtedwitbfllignn work; 

but upou examtnntion tlie utrer waft found 

to form an outer caaocoolaang on older 1(00* 

nf bronn or co]ipi.>T. Tbo aaoond rolic, tbo 

lifll (^whicb wH^lui K Ihfl. 14 OS.*), is thought 

by Mine Ip be pre-Christian. It was long 

p^>a''n)'d in an ancient cliurcliyan) in Strath- 

lillan in I'enluhiro, when' it woa regarded exist, nntably a portrait of Tbonins i'roia- 

UfKMMssinggTMitcnmtivapowersrMpccially ' well, e>irl of l'*MeX.piiMi*lit-d by 1'. 8t*tut in 

in uau of ioaanlt;. It wan iu mott aliamo- , ItiAtf, a good work ; a portrait of his maotec 



history of the Scottish nation, by a legend, 
of which ht! ij* the »ok' nnrrutor, tliat unicd 
was accuatomed to carry about with hini an 
arm of St. Fillnn, set in silver, as an amulet 
iaauring good fortune ; tlwt thw chnpkin to 
who#e care ii was entrusted brought oulythu 
empty case to tbo field, faithleft«ly fearing thikt 
the fortune of war mi^-lit h-tid to lh<.' Lou of 
th<.<i preeious contents; but that, the night 
before the battle thdcam-'wafi auddtialy heard 
to open and i-Iom- of il.'udf, and on <*xamitui- 
tiuu it was found tliat the arm had returned 
to itj pbicn. Am] ll(iei:« puts in the mouth 
of tho liinz^ a reference to thij miroclfl in bis 
nirech tn his army befors the battle. That 
tne veneration for the *aint wn« in some way 
coaaected with I!ruc« is shown not merely 
by his reign being assigned (as noticed above) 
as the time at woicb the Ucwur family neru 
entrusted with the croaiur, but also from an 
c-ntr^ in tho ' Kxcliequcr liolls of Hcutlaud ' 
(IB78, i. L'U) of thH pnyment in i^iQ, the 

{ear of Bruca'e death, to his naluml imn. Sir 
tobert Bruce, of :J0/. towards tha biiitdingoF 
St. Fillan's chuidi. 

[Bieviariam Ab«rdon«B8e, 1S5I, pan Yvywm^ 
propr. xa, tC 2A h-21 h ; aiisoellany of Spaldinf 
Club, iii. ii^, 1846; BIacIc Bock of Tnymoath, 
MM, pivf.. p. xxxr : Bishop A. I'. Forbae*8 Ka- 
landarsof8MUiab^flt9,ltl73.pp.34l-6. Tha 
history of the croaisr is givsa, with engravings; 
in Anfaaologta Sootien. TmiUBClions of Soe. 
Antii). of ScoUsiIh), iii. £R9-ai, 1831.- ProCMd- 
\tigt, of th» same socioty, iii. 233-4, 1M2, and 
with all the docnmsau, and an u liaustiva de- 
scription by Dr. John Stuart, in xii. Vl'i-S2. 1878. 
Boln th> iuanr him) oul«rcms«Hsredocribrd and 
«Dt|[rared in Jgsvpli Andenon'* Scotland in earlj 
Cbfl*tiBnTtmM.i.21S-24, 1881. vlisra also tha 
ball i* fticarad and dMcribad al pp. 18II-&1.) 

W.D. M. 

FIT.I.IAN, .JOHN (j». 1(168-1880), Mi- 
gravor, waa a pupil of William Paitnomil 
thu elder [cj. t.J, and worked in his styU, 
though he never attained his eic«llencs< 
Evelyn, in bis ' Sculpt ura' (UHJJ), «peaka of 
him as' J, Fellian, dutcipl>j of Mr. l-'ailhonM, 
wbn is a hopeful young man.' He died 
early, about 1680, bufore these hoiw could 
bn r«alised. Vt^ry few of his engravings 




Fills 



440 



Filmer 



Faithome, from a drawing- bv himself; a 
copy of J. Payne's portrait of Paracelsus ; 
' Dr. Micliael,' after Guido Reni ; and the 
frontispiece to P. Heylyn's ' Co8m<^^phy,' 
published in 1669. Walpole was of opinion 
that Faithome's engraving of Chrirt with a 
Globe,' &om a picture attributed to Raphael, 
was cotiipIet«d by Fillian. 

[RedgniTe'sDict. of Artiata; Walpols'sAnecd. 
of Painting, ed. DdUawny and Woranm; Le 
Blanc's Mannel de rAnmt«ur d'Eetampes; Eve- 
lyn's Scnlptura.] L. G. 

FILLS, ROBERT {A. 1562), translator 
from the French, published in 1562 'The 
Ij&wes and Statutes of Geneva, as well con- 
cerning Ecclesiastical Discipline as Civill 
Regiment, with certeine Proclamations duly 
executed, whereby God's religion is most 
purely mointeiaed, and their commonwealth 
quietli governed.' The volume contains a 
dedication to ' Lord Robert Duddley,' in which 
Fills explains that he has done nis work to 
confute those who say ' against men of our 
profession ' that ' we departed oute of this 
realme in the late tyme of banishement of 
Goddes churche onelye to this ende, to enjoye 
more unchastised freedom e of sensuall lyfe.' 
Li 1663 (according to Hebbert) appeared 'A 
Briefe and Pitbthie Summe of the Christian 
Faith, made in forme of a Confession, with a 
confutation of all such suiXTBtitioueerroursBs 
are contrary thereunto. Made by Theodore de 
Beza. Translated out of Frenche by R. F.' 
In a long dedication to Lord Hastings Fills 
speaks of himself as 'knowing the author 
TBeza], and being somewhat acquainted with 
Eim,' and makes a fierce attack upon the 
secular pursuits of the English clergy, com- 
plaining of the ' myngle mangle of spirituall 
and temporall regiment,' and assertmg that 
many cathedral churches are 'a verj- refuge 
and denne of ydell, ignornunt, and unpreacn- 
ing lubbers.' Several editions of this work 
were printed. In 1508, according to Tanner 
and Maunsell, Fills publislied ' Godly Prayers 
and Meditations paraphrasticallye made upon 
all the Psalmes very necessary foral the godly, 
translated out of Frenche into Englishe.' The 
book was published again in 1577, and a third 
time in 1590 with the title, taken from the 
dedication, of 'The Anatomia of the Soule.' 
Besides these there is an undated translation 
entitled 'Meditations of True and Perfect 
Consolation, declared in two tables : in the 
first is seven considerations of the evills 
which happen unto us; in the second seven 
considerations of the good we receive. Trans- 
lated out of French by Rob. Fills.' 

[Tanner's Bibliotheca, p. 279; Ames's Typogr. 
Antiq. (Herbert); Maunsell's Cnt. of Enfflish 
Printed Books, p. 50.] B. fi. 



FILHEB, EDWARD (Jl. 1707), drama- 
tist, bom in or about 1667, waa iJie second 
son of Sir Robert Filmer, bart., of East Sut- 
ton, Kent, who died 22 March 1676, bv his 
wife, Dorothy, daughter of Maurice Take of 
Layer Mamey, Essex (Bebbt, County Getua- 
loffiet, Kent, p. 187), Hasted (Hut. ofKmt, 
fol. ed., ii. 418 n. g) wrongly describes him 
as the 'second son of Sir Edward Filmer^ 
who died in 1629.' He was himself seated 
at East Sutton. In 1673 he was admitted 
as founder's kin fellow of All Souls' Coll^, 
Oxford, and took the degree of B.A. on 
17 Dec. of that year, proceeding B.CJj. 
21 Feb. 1675, D.C.L. 27 Oct. 1681 (Git. of 
Orford Gr(irfi«i/<M, 1861,p.299). Hewrote 
a lugubrious blank verse tragedy of extreme 
length, called 'The Unnatural Brother,' 4to, 
London, 1697, which appears to bare been 
acted three times at the theatre in Little 
Lincoln's Inn Fields (Gekest, Hut. of tke 
Stage, ii. 114). It met with a 'very cold 
reception,' which the author ascribes princi- 
pally to his having ' made choice of too few 
persons in the drama, and that the stage was 
never filled; there seldom appearing abovs 
two at a time, and never above three, till 
the end and winding up of the whole. . . . 
If these must be thought faults now in our 
nicer age, I am sure they were not thought 
such heretofore by the Antienta' (Preface). 
Part of this drama was reproduced by Pierre 
Antoine Motteux as ' The Unfortunate 
Couple ; a short Tragedy,' in ' The Novelty,' 
&c., 4to, 1697. Filmer defended the stage 
against the attacks of Jeremy Collier in a 
sensible, well-written treatise entitled ' A 
Defence of Plays, or the Stage Vindicated, 
from several Passages in Mr. Collier's Short 
View, &c. Wherein is offer'd the most 
probable method of Reforming our Plays. 
With a Consideration how far Vicious Cha- 
racters may be allow'd on the Stage,' 8vo, 
London, 1707. Collier replied in 'AFarther 
Vindication of the Short View,' &c., 8to, 
London, 1708. Hasted (loc. cit.) is again 
wrong when he states that Filmer 'died in 
1703.^ By hcense, dated 29 Jan. 1686-7, he 
married Archiballn, only daughterand heiress 
of Archibald Clinkard or Clenkard of Sutton 
Valence, Kent (Chester, London Marriage 
Licences, ed. Foster, col. 484), and was buried 
at East Sutton. 

[Bilker's Biographia Dramatica (Reed and 
Jonos), i. 242, iii. 371-2.] G. G. 

riLMER, Sir ROBERT (d. 1653), noliti- 
cal writer, was the eldest son of Sir Eaward 
Filmer, knighted by Elizabeth, by his wife 
Elizabeth , daughter of Richard Ar^l (or Ar- 
gol)of£ast Sutton, Kent. Sir Edward bought 



ihc minor of l^i Sutimi from liu brother- 
in-law, John Arj^ll nf (7olrhe«ti-r. Kobeil 
I'llmer wan 111 Trinitv ColU'de, Cumbridev, 
ttnd wnK iniitm-tilaUNl S July 10(X1. Joliii 
Gfsnt dedicHtwl to him Ambrose Fisher'a 
* I>«fciic« of lliw Lttnrnj-.' Tbev bwl bwn «>"- 
tenporeriM at r^llege, nnd I'^nlifr htui can- 
oeived tli« irDrk nt the bouse of Filmer's 
tuidc St Colcli«8l»r. Film«r«u kniKhtec) )ij 
Cliarli^ I at ih*? tjcfrinning of hUn'ign. He 
m&tTied Anni>,dau^nterBii<Icotieireraof Msr- 
lin ilcloD, biKbop of Ely, hv irhoni h« hul 
six soiu and two ilaujjbtvrv. lie was a stroitff 
royalist, and ButlVrea much during tl» civu 
vat. It is Miid iLal tiia lioueo at £ket Suttuo 
woji plundered ten 1ime«, and tlint in ll>44 
hfi was itupri-tunt'd in ' LoedBCutle ' in Kent. 
Ho aird '2fl Mnv l»r>S. His sldesl son, Ed* 
wonl, died unmarriHliD 1660. HIh vounger 
KHi, Ttolnirl, Itecame first baronet In Ut74. 

WoiioD, after noticing Kilnit'r'* eiitfi^nDgs 
in IBM, Mys that he died in ItiHb, which is 
no doubt an accidental truisposition of the 
above date aiTen hy Hamed. A It>litr from 
ilevlya to Filmer's son l£dwBrd in the ' I'airi- 
arcua' speaks highly of thofatlior'K ankbility, 
l(iarai[i{(,andortli<>c]oxy, and rrgnetH that tht^v 
bad beoi ecnamted for Mine tim<^ befon> Fif- 
nt«r'ad«ath oy lle^lyn's low of hi>i [i(\>furni«i)t 
at WeistJninRtftr. 

Filnipr's chief worit, the ' Patriorcha,' re- 
in ninnnMTipl till 1680. Other tw*- 
uer? reputiliiihL'd about the samo time, 

Um tnrypartycoDiidered thorn nuitnblfi for 
tfao controveraica of ibL- day. A li^1 i» given 
in an aaanrmouji pTvface to ' The Fuwer ul 
Kian,aiiu in particular of thu Kinf of Eng- 
land . . .' fint publi>b<-<l in 1U80. '1 hi-v am : 
1. *Tbe Auarcliv of u limited and Mixed 
Monarchy.' I64s(apBiDrtiIuutou). 2. 'Tha 
FrM^bolder's Grand IminMt,' 164B. S. <OI>. 
wrTBtionsiMnot'min^tiie Original of QoTern- 
ui«nt '(ii^niiix! noblM-s,Milton,KndGrntinf>>, 
Hi&2 (with the 'Anarchy,' &r., Annexed). 
4. 'Obaervations on Aristotle's Politiiiues 
toacbing Furms of Gon'mmont,' loA^. 
fi. ' AdvvrtJaemvDi to the Jurymon of Ktiu:- 
Und toucliing WJtcbM, together irilh the 
difrrri^iioe bclwean a Ilabruw and ao Eualivh 
'Wit<-h/ HViJ; tbf'T wera aimnynoiu. Nos. 
3 and 4 am mmtJUDod by Heylyn. Copies 
of 1, ^, and -l ari' in ihc Rritinh MuM-um. 
No. 2 has been nitrihntcd to 8ir Robert Hcil- 
boumi*. ^EluiT w«rQ p«tbltsli«d to|[stlivr in 
1 670, and in 1660 appeared aUo (6) tbe ' Pa- 
Irijirclia, or tbe Natural Power of Kin^fs b&> 
Hrted . . .* upomt«-)y, and tritb a titltvpagu, 
'Dtacovne*.' to iuclud*.* (bi-tn-atiiteaof 1070. 
A aecxmd tdition of tht> ' i'striarcha,' edilvd 
wiib an (^asay by Edmiiml Kiiliun [q. v.', ap- 
pMrod in lOSfi. Tbi> Uit above nuBMT alitu 




mentions '(IiiwiitioneH QuodlibvticB!, a dia- 
coursi* whether it may be lawful to take uao 
fur money,* as written in 1630 and printi'd in 
iur)6. A tmct vrith tlie Mimv Ki4{li»)i titln 
was published in 1671^, with » preCue h^ Sir 
Ho|{(;rTwy»d«o, who says that il was wntt«ii 
'almost thirty yoflra aiiioe.' A Latin n-acC 
called 'Quieetio Quodlibetica' was published 
at (.'ambtid^ in I'i^iO, but ii disctuMi tha 
lawfiilness of bearing amx under a prince of 
another religion. Another tract attributed 
to FilnuT in the sam« list, ' Of thL< Bla^pbcmio 
BgainQt tbt: Holy Ohott/ ItVIO, ls by John 
iTales, in whose tracts (1377J it isr«print«d. 
Filmi-r in tbo abovo tnatises defends uaury, 
and, wilhoiit. expraaaljr denying witchcratt, 
writes ABtiricnlly against F«rlaiu,it8dafeiid«r. 
Hi* pctlitirjil tn-nliwa ars a dafnnca of the 
pBlnarchal ihij<krj-, and an attack upon the 
social compact doctrine of II obbes and others. 
He agroua with Hobbes's abeoliitism while 
objecting to bis doctrine of the original baa« 
ofgo\-«mmpnt. Filmer is chiefty remembered 
lliroui^li thv fir«t of Locke'd > Two Treatisea 
on GoverumenI,' published in 1680, in wbicb 
tliu ■ Palriarcba ' is uttacltMl as the accepted 
uianiftMtii iif the alwdlul.iat party. It had also 
been attacked by Locku's Iriend, James Tyr- 
mll, in II IntntiHi callwl ' FutrinrcbanonMi^ 
narcha,' 16H1. Mr. Gairdner pninlsoutthat 
Filraer took a sensible view in the Imatisea 
upon ui^ury and witcbcral^, and thinks that 
his hiatoricai tbeor>' of the English conriitu- 
tion is more corrvct than that of bin opno* 
nt-uifl, u liile hia doctrine of the patriarchal 
origin of govemineat is not more aosurd than 
thaiofthaaoeialeompact. IfmtttapliyaiBians 
were to be condemned for the iniriniiic ab- 
surdity of the doctrines which they have do- 
fetulGtl, few indeed would wa musUir. But 
it can hardly be said thut Filtner shows Dm 
powers of mmd which give value to many de- 
fenoes of abMtird tbeones. Locka says tliat 
so much ■ glib nonsense was never put to- 
gether in well-soundinf{ English:' uallam 
sa^s that it is ' hardly iMwsible to find a more 
tnlLing and feeble work.' Macaula^'a agree- 
ment with these great whig antbnritiea miglit 
Ul DXpocted, but a nhabilitatioD would not 
be easy. 

[Wotton'd BaroBsUico (I7;i). ii. 3ft7 (the 
oni^iDsl donimeats from which Wol.lon wtota 
arvinAdd. MS.24130. if. 3U, «!«, 331); Dale 
in Add. US. AS68, f. 86 : Hast od's Kent. li. 118: 
Oa.inlaer'> StoiliM in EoftlUh llislofy, pp^ 27S( 
37*1 Unllsm's Literaiurv of Europe, ui. 399, 
HO i Macaulay'a History, chap, i.] L. 8. 

PIN AN, &kiTt Id. 661), bishop of lin- 
disfarnff, waa a maalc of lona, and sttoeeedad 
Aidan [q. v.] in tbe sue of landiafiuna in 



Finan 



44* 



Finan 



652. He was ordained in Scotl&nd accord- 
ing to tbe rites of the Columban church. His 
diocese at Lindiafame embraced nearly all 
Northumbria. HerebuilthiBchurch,afterthe 
Scottish fEkshion, of oaken planks thatched 
with reeds, and devoted himself to missionary 
work outaide Northumbria. His chief success 
was in Mercia. Oswiu, king of Northumbria, 
made the conversion of Pe^da, Penda's son, a 
condition of the marriage of the Mercian ^ince 
with his own daughter Alchfleda. Finan 
baptised Peadftnear the river Tyne, probably 
at Benwell, and consecrated Uiuma, one at 
his priests, first bishop of Mercia. Similarly 
with the aid of King Oswiu Finan baptised 
Sigebert, king of the Eaat-Saxone, at tbe 
flame place. St. Cedd[q. v.] went from Mercia 



as a missionary to Sigebert's kingdom, and 
was consecrated a bishop bj' Finan when on 
a visit to him at a later period, in considera- 
tion of his success. Finan observed the 
Columban method of celebrating Easter, and ^ 
was impervious to argument on the point, 
although one Konan, a Scottish priest, who 
had studied in France and Italy, endeavoured 
to change his views. Finan ^ed on 31 Aug. 
661, but his opposition to the Roman ritual 
deprived him ofa place in the calendar. He 
appears, however, in the Scottish lists and 
in the Aberdeen breviary. 

[The Rev. Csnon Raine in the Dictionnry of 
ClmBtian Biography ; Colgan's Acta SS. Hiber- 
DiEB, i. 357 ; Haidy^B Oat. i. 1, 69 (BolU Ser.) ; 
Biedffi Eccl Hist. iii. 21, 22, 26.] 



INDEX 



TO 



THE EIGHTEENTH VOLUME. 



PAOB 
. 1 
8 



Esdi^te, Junes (1808-18A9) . 

Eedaile, WUliam (1758-1887) .... 

Eikgrove, Lord (1724:-18M). See B», SU 

David. 
Estnoade, Sii Laurence, Lord Esmondc (1570 ?- 

1646) .8 



Espec, Walter (d. 1158) 

Essex, Earla of. See Bobnn, Hamphrev de, V, 
Til, and VIII; Boorchier. Henry (rf.l«3) j 
Bonrchiet, Henry (rf. 1639) ; Capel, Arthnr 
(1681-1683) ; Capel, WillUm (1697-17«) ; 
Cromwell, 'rhoinas (1485 ?-l&40), BUtei- 
man ; Devereux, Bobert (1567-1601), Queen 
Elizabeth's favourite ; Dererenz, Bobert 
(1591-1646), parliamentary general ; Deve- 
reox, Walt«r (1541 ?-16'6} ; Mandeville, 
Geofirey de (d. 1144). 

EsMs, Alfred {/. 1887). See under Esmx, 
William (1784 ?-1869). 

Essex, Cotintessof (1792-1882). SeeSlepheos, 
Katherine. 

Essex, James (1728-1784) .... 

Essex, Timothy (1765 ?-1847). 

Essex, William B. (1822-1862). See under 



Essex, WiUiam (1784?-1869). 
^sex, William (1784 ?-1869) 



See 



Easex 

Est, East, or Euite, HicboelVjl. 1688). 

East. 

Esteourt, Edgar Edmund, HA. (1816-1884) . 8 
Estcourt, Jamea Bncbnatl Backnoll (1802- 

1865) . 9 

Estcourt, Richard (1668-1712) ... 9 
Estcourt, Thomas Henry Sutttm Sothenm 

(1801-1876) 11 

Esie, Cha^le^ D.D. (1696-1745) ... 12 
Este, Est, or East, Thomas (1640?-I608?). See 

East. 
Estlio, John Bishop (1785-1855) . 
Estlin, John Priw (1747-1817) 
EstoD, Adam (d 1897). See Easttm. 
Estwick or Eastwick, Sampson (d. 17S9) 
Estye, Ge«rge (1666-1601) .... 
Ethelbald or ^thelbald (d. 757) . 
Etbelbald or iGlhelbald (d. 860) . 
Etbelbert, ^thelberbt, or .£dilberct (652 ?- 

616) . 

Etbelbert, iEthelberht, .Sgelbriht, or Albert, 

Saint (d7H) 17 



PAOB 

Etbelbert or fthelberbt (d: 866) ... 18 
Ethelburga or ^tbelburb, Saint (d. 676 ?) . 19 
£theldre&, Saint (680 ?-679) .... 19 
Ethelfleda, ifithelflnd, or ^fled (d. 918 ?) . 21 
Etbelfrid, iEthelMtb, or Aedilftid (d. 617) . 22 
Etbelgar, ^thelgar, or Alnr (d. 990) . . 28 
Etbelgiva (;(. 956). See £lfgiAi. 
Ethelfaard, .£thelbeard, Adelard, oi Edelred 

(d.80&) 28 

Ethelnuer (<£. 1260). See Aymer (ot £tbel- 

mar) de Valence (or de Lnslgnan). 
Ethelmier, Elmer, or ,£Imer, also called Herle- 

«ln(d.ll37} 25 

Ethehioth, j£thetnoth, Lat Egelnodna, or Ed- 

Dodos id, 10S8) 26 

Ethelredor.£thelredI(d.871) ... 26 
Ethelred or .£thelred (i 889) . . .27 
Ethelred cr ^thelred II, the ' Unready ' (968 ?- 

1016) 27 

Ethelred, Ethelred, Ailred, or Aelied (1109 ?- 

1166) 88 

Ethelstsn, Athelstan, or JEU^taa (JL 946) . 86 
Ethelwerdor£thelveard((1998f) . . 86 
Ethelwine, jEthelwuM, or Ailwin (i£ 992) . 86 
Ethelwold, .lEthelwold, or Adelwold, Saint 

(908?-984) 87 

Ethelwuir, .fthelwnlf, Adelwlf, or Atbnlf (d. 

868) 40 

Etherege or Ethrygg, George, in Latin Edrvcus 

ifi, 1588} 48 

Etherege, Sit GeoTse(16S5?-1691) . . 44 
Etheridg«<JoliiiWeeley (1804-1866) . . 45 
Etkins, Jamea (1613?-1687). See Atklne, 

James. 
Etty, WiUiam (1787-1849) .... 45 
Eugene (d 618), Irish aohit See Eoghon. 

Eugeniua I-VIII 47 

Ensden, Laurence (1688-1780) ... 48 

Eustace (d. 1215) 4» 

Eustace, Jamea, third Viaooont BaltingUs (d. 

1586) 61 

Eustace, John Chetwode (1762 ?-181&) . . 62 
Eustace, Roland Fits, Lord Portlester (d. 1496) 68 
ETans,Abel, D.D. (1679-1787) ... 64 
Evans, Anne (182O-IS70> See nnder Evans, 

Arthnr Benoni. 
Evans, Arise (6. 1607), flmotic. See Evon^ 

Bhys or Bioe. 



444 



Index to Volume XVIII. 



PAOB 

T.nna, Arthur Beaoai (1781-18M) ... 54 
Evans, Benjamin (1740-1821). ... 65 
Evans, Brooke (1797-1862) .... 66 
Evaiu, Caleb (18S1-1686) .... 56 
ETana, Charles Smart (177S-1849). . . 67 
Evans, Chnstmaa (1766-1688) ... 67 
Evans, Cornelius (A 1648) . . . .68 
Evans, Daniel (1774-1835) .... 68 
£van^ Daniel (1792-1846) .... 59 
Evans, David Morier (1819-1874) . . . 69 
Evans, Edward (/r. 1616) .... 59 
Evans, Edward (1716-1798) .... 60 
Evans, Edward (1789-1835) .... 60 
Evans, Edward David (1818-1860). Seeunder 

Evan^ Edwarf (1789-1835). 
Evans, Evan (1781-1789) .... 
Evans, Evan (1804-1886) .... 
Evans, Sir Frederick Jnhn Owen (1816-1885) 
Evans, UeorRe, D.D. (1630 ?-I702) 
Evans, Sir G«orge de Laty (1787-1870) . 
Evans, John td. 1734) 
Evans, John, D.D. (1680 7-1780) 
Evans, John (1693 ?-1734P) . 
Evans, John (d. 1TT9) . 
Evans, John (1767-1827) 
Evans, John (1774-1828) 
Evans, John ( ll. 1812). See under Evans, 

John (rf. 1832). 
Evans, John (d. 1882) . 
Evan^ John, of Llwj-nffoitiui (1779-1847) 
Evans, John (1814-1875) 
Evans, Lewis (A 1574) . 
Evans, Lewis (1756-1827) 
Evan^ Philip (1645-1679) . 
Evans, Rhvs or Rice (6. 1607) 
Evans, Richard (1784-1871) . 
Evans. Rol>ert Harding (17(8-1857) 
Evans, Robert Wilson (1789-1866) . 
Evans. Samuel (tJ. 1835 ?). See under E 

William (1798-1877). 
Evans, Tbeophilus (1694-1767) 
Evans, Thonias (d. 1633) . 
Evans, Thomas (1742-1784) . 
Evans, Thomas (1 739-1803) . 
Evans, Thomas (Tomoa Ufj-n Cothi) (1766- 

1833) 

Evans, Thomas (Telynog) (1840-1865) 

Evans, Thomas Simgjson (1777-1818) 

Evans, WiUiamfd. 1720?) . 

Evans, William (</. 1776?) . 

Evans, William ( 1811 F-I808) 

Evans, William (1798-1877) . 

Evan*, Sir William David (1767-1821) 

Evans, WiUiam Edward (1801-1869) 

Evanson, Edward (1781-1805) 

Evelyn, John (1G20-1706) 

Evelvn, John, the vounger (1(565-1699) 

Evernrd (1083 P-HSO). See Eborard. 

Everard, John (ft. 1611) . 

Everard, John, D.D. (1675 P-1650 ?) 

Everard, Mathias (d. 1857) . 

Everard, Robert {ft. 1664) . 

Everard, alia» Everett, Thomas ( 1560-1633) 

Everest, Sir George (1790-1866) , 

Everett, James (1784-1872) . 

Everitt, Allen Edward (^1824-1882) 

Eversden or Evcrisden, John of (it. 1300) 

Eversley, Viscount. See Shaw-Lefevre, Charles 

(1794-1888). 
Evesham, Hugh of (ct 1287) .... 
Evesham, W^ler of (13tb cent.), Benedictine. 

See Odington, Waller. 



90 



Ewart, Joseph (1759-1799) . 

Ewart, William (1798-1869) . 

Ewbank, John W. (1799 7-1847) 

Ewbank, 'niomts (1792-1870) 

Ewen,John(17Jl-1821). 

EwenN alioM Newport. Manriee (1611-1687), 
Jesuit. See Newport, 

Ewer, Ewers, or Ewres, Isaac (rf. 1650) 

Ewer, John (d. 1774) 

Ewin, WiUiam UoweU (1781 ?-18D4) 

Ewing, Greville (1767-1841) . 

Ewing, JulUna Horatia (1841-1885^ 

Exeter, Dukes of. See Beaufort, Sir Thomas 
<d. 1427) i Holland, John (<t 1400) ; Hol- 
land, John (d. 1446). 



PAGE 

. 90 
. 91 
. 9i 
. 9* 
93 



See C«cit, Thomas (164S- 
See C^nrtenay, Henrj 



Exeter, Earl of. 

1622). 
Exeter, Marquis of. 

(1496F-1638). 
Exeter, Jmenh of (12th cent.). See Joceph. 
Exeter, Stephen of (5. 1346). See Stephen. 
Ejteter. Walter of (jJ. 1801) . . . . 

Exeter, William of 

Exiev, Thomas (d. 1866?) . . . . 
Exmew, WUtiam (1507 P-1&85} , 
Exmouth, Viscount See Pellew, Edward 

(1757-1833). 
Exshftw, Charles (d. 1771) 



Exton, John (1600 P-1666?) . 
Ezton. Sir Thomas (1631-1688 
Eyre, Charles (1784-1864) 



98 
94 
94 
95 
96 



Evre, Edmund John ( 1767-1816) . 

Evre, Sir Giles (d. 1695). 

Eyr«, Sir James (1784-1799) . 

Evre, J.'unes (I748-I818) 

Evre, Sir James, M.D. (1792-1857) 

Evre, John (1754-1803) . 

Eyre, Sir Robert (I6G6-1736) . 

Evre, Sir Samuel (1633-1698) 

Evre, Thomas (1C70-1715) 

Evre, Thomas (1748-1810) 

Evre, Sir Vincent (1811-1881) 

Kvrc, Sir William (1805-:859> 

Evston, Bernard, D.D. (162ft-1709) 

Eyston, Charles (1667-1721) . 

Eythan, Lord. See King, Jnmes (1589-1662). 

Eyton, Robert William (1815-1881) 

Evton or Edon, Stephen ( (?. 1320 ?) 

Evton, Thomas Campbell (1809-1880) 

Ezekiel, Abraham Ezekiel (1767-1806) 

Ezekiel, Solomon (1781-1867) . 



Fahell, Peter (_Jt. 15th cent.) .... 
Faber, Frederick William, D.D. (1814^1868) . 
Eaber, George Stanley (1773-18,M) 
Faber, John, the elder (1660P-1721) 
Fnber, John, the younger (1695 ?-1766) . 
Fabiicius. See Carpenter, Alexander {ft. 

14J9). 
Fabyan, Robert (d. 1518) .... 
Faccio, Jean Chnstophe (d. 1720). See under 

Face io, Nicolas. 
Faccio, Nicolas (1664-1753) . . . . 
Fachtna, Saint and Bishop (ft. 6th cent.) 
Fagan, Robert (d. 1816) . 
Fagg, Sir John (d. 1701) 
Fagge, Charles Hilton (1838-1883) 
Fagiua, Paul (1604-1649) 
Fahey, James (1804-1885) 
Fabie, Sir WiBiam Charles (1768-1888) 
Fftirbftira, Patrick, D.D. (1806-1874) 



96 
96 
97 
97 



97 

98 

98 

98 

98 

99 

99 

100 

100 

100 

101 

102 

102 

102 

103 

104 

105 

IQ5 

106 
107 
107 
107 
107 



lOS 
108 
111 
112 
112 



lis 



114 
116 
117 
118 
119 
120 
120 
121 
ISS 



Index to Volume XVIII. 



445 



TABM 

. 128 
. 128 
. 125 
. 126 



Pairb«n),ar Peter (1799-1861) . 
Furbeira, Sir WiUiam (1789-1874) 
Fairborne, Sir Pilmes (1644-1680) . 
FftirtKnue, Sir Stafford (d, 1742) . 
Faircloagb. See alto Featley. 
Fairclougli, Richard ( L621-1682) . . .127 
Fairdongh, Samuel (1594-1677) . . .128 
FaircloDgh, Samuel (1626 7-1691). See under 

Fairclonirb, Samuel (1594-1677). 
Fairfax, Blackerbv (fl. 1728). See nnder 

Fairfax, NathanieL 
Fairfax, Brian, LL.D. (1638-I7II) . . 129 

Fairfax, Brian, the younoer (1676-1749). 

See under Fairfax, Brian (1683-1711). 
Fairfax, Sir Charles ( fi. 1604) . . .180 
Fairfax, Charles (159^-1673) . . .130 

Falr&x. Charles id. 1728). See under Fair- 
fax, Brian (1633-1711). 
Fairfax, Edward (d. 1686) . . .181 

Fairfax, Ferdinando (H. 1697). See under 

Fairfax, Brian (1688-1711). 
Fairfax, Ferdinando, second Baron Fairfax nf 
Cameron !n the peerage of Scotland (1664- 

1648) 182 

Fairfax, Sir Gnv (d. 1495) . . . .183 
Fairfax, HenrvVl 688-1666) . . . .134 
Fairfax, Henry (1684-1702) . . . .134 
Fairfax, John (1623-1700) . . . .136 
Fairfax, John (1804-1877) . . . .136 
Fairfax, Nathaniel, M.D. (1687-1690) . . 187 
Fairfax or Fairfax. Robert (d. 1529) . . 187 
Fairfax, Robert (16G6-1725) . . . .138 
Fairfax, Thomaa, flrst Lord Fairfax of Came- 
ron in the Scottish peerage (1560-1640) . 140 
Fairfax. Thomas, third Lord Fairfax (1612- 

1671) 141 

Fairftx, Thomas, D.D. (1656-1716) . . 149 
Fairrax.ThoiDBfl, sixth Lord Fairfaxof Came- 
ron (1692-1782) 149 

Fairfax, Sir William (1609-1644) . .160 

Fairfax, Sir Wiiliam Georfre (1739-1818) . 150 
Fairfield, Charles (1761 ?-1804) . . .161 
Fairholm, Charles. See Ferme, Charles. 
Falrholt, Frederick William (1814-1866) . 151 
Fairland, Thomas (180^1652) . . .152 
Fairless, Thomas Kerr (1825-1853) . .153 

Fairlie, Robert Francis (1681-1885) . . 153 
Faithome, William, the elder (1616-1691 ) . 154 
Faithome, WiUiim, the vounger ( 1666-1701 ?) 166 
Falconberg, Lord. See' Nevill, Sic WlUiam 

(d. 1463). 
Falconberc or Falconbridge the Bastard. See 

Breaut^, Falkea de (rf. 1226). 
Falconbere or Falconbridge, Bastard of {d. 

1471). See Fauconberg, Thomas. 
Falconbridge. Alexander (d. 1792) . . .166 
Falconbridge, Anna Maria (A 1794). See 

under Falconbridge, Alexander. 
Falconer. Alexander, Lord Falconer of Halker- 

toun (</. 1671) 166 

Falconer, air David, of Newton (1610-1686) . 167 
Falconer, Edmund (1814-1879) . . .157 
Falconer, Forbes (1805-1B53) . . . .158 
Falconer, Hugh (1606-1865) . . . .158 
Falconer, John (fl. 1547) . . . .161 
Falconer or Falkncr, John (1577-1666) . . 161 
Falconer, Randie Wilbraham (1816-1881) . 162 
Falconer, Thomas (1788-1792) . . .162 
Falconer, Thomas, H.D. (1774-1839) . . 162 
Falconer, Thomas (1806-1882) . . .163 
Falconer, William (17:^2-1769) . .164 

Falconer, WiUiam, H.D. (1744-1824) . . 165 



FAoa 
Falconer, WilUam (1801-1885) . . .167 
Falconet, Peter [Pierre Etienne] (1711-1791). 167 

Faldo, John (16S8-1690) 168 

File, Thomas (fl. 1604) 169 

Falkland, Visconnta. See Caiy, Sir Henrj-, 
first Viscount (rf. 1638); and Can-, Lucius, 
second Viscount (1610 ?-1648). 
Falkland, Elizabeth, Viscountess. See under 

Carv, Sir Henrv. 
Falkner. Sir £rer«rd (1684-1768). See 

Fawkener. 
Falkner, John. See Falconer, John (1577- 

1656). 
Falkner, Thomas (1707-1764) . . . .169 
Falkner, William, D.D. (rf. 1682) . . .170 

Falle,PhiUp(16M-1742) 170 

Fallows, Fearon (1769-1831) . . .171 

Falmouth, Viscount. SeeBcMcawen,Hugb, first 

Viscount (d. 1734). 
Falmouth, Earl of. See BoscaweD, Edward 

(1787-1841), flrst EarL 
Fancourt, Samael (1678-1768) . . . .172 
Fane, Francis (1583-1626). See under Fane, 

Sir Thomas. 
Fane, Sir FrancU (rf. 1689 ?) . . . .173 
Fane, Sir Henry (1778-1840) . . . .174 
Fane, John, seventh Earl of Westmorland 

(1682?-1762) 176 

Fane, John (1728-1774). See under Fane, 

John, seventh Earl of Westmorland. 
Fane, John, tenth Earl of Westmorland 

(1759-1641) 176 

Fane, John, eleventh Earl of WeBtmorland 

(1764-1859) 176 

Fane, Julian Henry Charles (1827-1870) . 178 
Fane, Hildmav, Mcond Earl of Westmorland 

(d. 1666) ■ 178 

Fane, Priscilla Anne, Connteaa of Westmor- 
land (1793-1879) 179 

Fane or Vane, Sir Ralph (d. 1653) . . .179 
Fane, Robert George CecU (1796-1864) . . 179 
Fane, Sir Thomas (d. 1589) . . . .180 
Fanelli, Francesco (j«. 1610-1666) , .181 

Fanning, Edmund (1737-1818) . . .181 
Fanshawe, Anne, I^y (1626-1660). See 

under Fanshawe, Sir Richard. 
Fanshawe, Catherine Haria ( 1765-1884) . IBS 
Fanshawe, Sir Henry (I669?-1616) . . 168 
Fanshawe, Sir Richard (1608-1666) . . 184 
Fanshawe, Thomas (1680?-1601) . . .189 
Fanshawe, Sir Thomas, first Viscount Fan- 
shawe ofDromore (1596-1666) . .190 
Fanshawe, Thomas, second Visconnt Fan- 
shawe (1639-1674). See nnder Fanshawe, 
Sir Thomas, first Viscount Fanshawe ot 
Dromore. 
Faraday, Michael (1791-1867) . . .190 
Fsrey, John (1766-18M) .... 202 
Farev, John (1791-1851) . . , .202 
Fargus, Frederick John (1847-1865) , . 203 

Faricius (<f. 1117) 204 

FarindoD, Anthony (1698-1658) . ,206 

Faringdon (o/iot Cook), Hugh (d. 1639) . 206 
Farington, George (1752-1768) . . .207 
Faringlon, John (1603-1646). See Wood- 
cock. 
Farington, Joseph (1747-1821) . . .207 
FariiA, WUIiam (1769-1637) . . . ,208 
Farlev, Charles (1771-18.19) . . . .208 
Farley, James Uwis ( 1823-1885) . . .209 
Farmer. See also Fermor. 
Farmer, Anthony {Jt. 1687) . . , .200 



446 



Index to Volume XVIII. 



PAOK 

. 210 
. 211 
. 213 
. 214 
. 216 
. 216 
. 217 
217 



Farmer, Georeo (1732-1779) . 

Farmer, Hugh (1714-1787) . 

rimier, John Cfl. 1591-1601) . 

Farmer, Richard, D.D. (1785-1797). 

Farmer, Thomas (/. 1685) . 

Farmer}-, John, M.D. (d. 1590) 

Famnbj, Giles (JL 1598) 

Farnab}-, Thomas (1575 ?-1647) . 

Famboroogh, Lady (1772-1837). See Long, 

Amelia. 
Famborough, Lord (1751-1888). See Long, 

Charles. 
Famborough, Lord. See Mav, Sir Thomas 

Er8kine(181S-1886). 
Famewortb, Ellis (d. 1768) . . . .219 
Farcham, Richard (d. 1642) . . . .219 
Famworth, Richard (d. 1666). . . .220 
Farquhar, Sir Arthur (1772-1848) . . .220 
Farquhar, George (1678-1707) . . .221 
Farquhar, John (1751-1826) ... .222 
Farquhar, Sir Robert Townsend (1776-1880) . 223 
Farquhar, Sir Walter (1788-1819) . . .224 
FarqQharson, Jaraea (liBl-1843) . . .224 
Farquharson, John (1699-1782) . . .225 
Farr, Samuel, M.D. (1741-1796) . . .225 
Far-, William (1807-1883) . . . .226 
Farrant. Richard {ft. 1664-1680) . . .227 
Farrar, John (180^1884) . . . .228 
Farre, Arthur (1811-1887) . . . .229 
Farre, Frederic John (1801-1886) . . .229 
Farre, John Richard, M.D. (1775-1862) . . 230 
Farren, Elizabeth, Countess of Derbj' (1759 ?- 

18Z9) 280 

Farren, Henry (1626 ?-1860) . . . .231 
Farren, WiUiam (1786-1861) . . . .232 
Farrier, Robert (171)6-1879) . . . .233 
Farriiigton, Sir Anthony (1742-1828) . . 234 
Farrington, Sir William (/. 1412). . . 234 
Farrow, Joseph (1632 ?-l692) . . .235 
Faatolf, Sir Jnhn (1378 ?-U59) . . .235 
Faacouberg, Thomas, the Bastard of, eome- 

tiroes called Thomas the Bastard {d. 1471) . 240 
Ffluconberg, Lord (d. 1463). See Ncvill, 

William, Eul of Kent. 
Faucooberg, Eart (1627-1700). See Belasyse, 

Thomas. 
Fauconbridge, Eustace de (d. 12281 , . 240 
Faulkner, Sir Arthur Brooke, M.D. (1779- 

1845) 241 

Faulkner, Benjamin Kawlinson (1787-1849) . 242 
Faulkner, George (1699 P-1775) . . .242 
Faulkner, George (1790 ?-1862) . . .244 
Faulkner, Joshua Wilson (^. 1809-1820). See 

under Faulkner, Benjamin Rawlinson, 
Faulkner, Thomas (1777-1855) . .245 

Faulknor, Robert (1763-1796) . . .245 
Faunt, Arthur, in religion Laurence Arthur 

(1554-1591) 247 

Faunt. Nicholas (_fl. 1S72-1608) . . .247 
Fauntlerov. Henrv (1785-1824) . . .248 
Fauquier, 'Francis' (1704 ?-l768) . . .249 
Faus8ett,llnan (1720-1776) . . . .250 
Fanssctt, Thomas Godfrcv, afterwards T. G. 

Godfrev-Faussett (1829^1877) . . .260 

Favour, John (d. 1G28) 251 

Fawoett, Benjamin (1716-1780) . . .262 
Fawcett, Henrv (1833-1884) . . . .252 
Fawcett,Jaro<a (1752-1881) . . . .267 
Fawcett, John (d. 1793). SJee under Fawcett, 

John (1768-1837). 
Fawcett, John,D.D. (1740-1817) . . .257 
Fawcett, John (1768-1887) . . .268 



PAOB 

, 259 
, 260 
. 260 
. 261 
, 261 
. 262 
. 261 
. 265 
. 269 
. 269 
. 270 
. 271 
. 271 
273 



Fawcett, John, the yonnger (1825 7-IS5' 
Fawcett, John, the elder (1789-1867) 
Fawcett, JoMpb (d. 1804) 
Fawcett, Joshua (d. 1864) 
F*Wi:ett, Sir William (1728-1804) . 
Fawkener, Sir Everanl (1684-1768) 
Fawkea, FrancU (1720-1777) . 
Fawkes,Guv (I6r0-16O6) 
Fawkes, Walter Ramaden (1769-1825) 
Fawkner, John Pascoe (1792-1869). 
Fazakerley, Nicholas (d. 1767) 
Fead, George (1729 P-1815) . 
Feake, Christopher ( /1, 1645-1660). 
Fearchair r>r Ferehaidua I (622?-6Se?) 
Fearchair Fada (the Long) or Ferchardns II 

(d. 697) 273 

Feargal (d. 786). See Fergil. 

Feam, Henry Noel-. See Christmaa, Henry 

(1811-1868). 
Feara. John (1768-1887) . . . .273 
Fe«me,Charieg (1742-1794) . . . .274 
Feary, John (^, 1770-1788) , . . .275 
Featherslon, Isaac Earl (1818-1876) . 275 

Featley or Kairclongh, Daniel (1582-1645) . 276 
Featley or Fairclough, John (1606 P-1666) . 280 
FeaUey, Richard (1621-1682). See Fair- 
clough. 

F'echin.Saint (d. 664) 280 

Fechter, Charles Albert (1824-1679) . .281 

Feckenbam, Johnde(l&l8?-1586). . .282 

FeUd, Edward (1801-1876) . . . ,288 

Feild, John (1525-1687). See Field. 

Fellding. See also Fielding. 

Feilding, Basil, second Earl of Denbigh (d. 

1675) 287 

Feilding, Robert, called Beau Feilding (1651 ?- 

1712) 289 

Feilding, William, Brst Earl of Denbigh (d. 

1643) 290 

FeinaiKle,Gregorvon(I766V-1819) . . 291 

Felix, Saint (d. 647?) 291 

Felix, John (j*. 1498) 232 

Fell, Charles, D.D. (1687-1763) . . .292 

Fell, Henrv (j». 1672) 292 

Fell, John,'D.D. (162,^1686) . . .293 

Fell, John (1785-1797) 295 

Fell, Leonard (d. 1700) 296 

Fell, Margaret (1614-1702) . . . .297 

Fell, Samuel (1584-1649) 2B8 

Fell, Thomas (1598-1658) , . . ,299 
Fell, William (1758 P-1848) . . . .300 
Fellowes, .Tames C^. 1710-1730) . . .800 
Fellowes, Sir Jamea, M.D. (1771-1857) . . 300 
Fellowes, Robert, LL.D. (1771-1847) . . 300 
Fellowes, Sir Thomas (1778-1853) . . .301 
Fellows, Sir Charles (1799-1860) . . .302 
Felltham, Owen (1602 P-I668) . . .308 
Kelton, Henry, D.D. (167&-1740) . . .805 

Felton, John (Ji. 1480) 805 

Felton, John (d. 1670) 306 

Felton, John (1696 P-1628) . . . .307 
Felton, Nicholas (I556-1626> . . . .808 
Felton, Sir Thomas (d. I88I) . . . .809 
Felton, Thomas (1567P-1688). . . .810 
Felton, Sir William (d. 1867). . . .811 
Felton, WiUiam (1713-1769) . . . .311 
Fenn, Eleanor, Lady (1743-1813). See under 

Feno, Sir John. 
Fenn, Humphrey (d. 1634) . . . .312 

Fenn, James (d. 1684) 318 

Fenn, John (d. 1615) 818 

Fenn, Sir John (1789-1794) . . . .814 



Index to Volume XVIII. 



44T 



FAQE 
. S15 

. 815 
. 816 
. 817 
. 819 
. 819 
. 319 
. 820 
. 322 
. 822 
828 



Penn, .TcMeph Pinch (18S0-18S4) 

Fennel), James (1766-L8I6) .... 

Fennell, John GreTille (1807-1886). 

Fenner, Dudley (1558?-1687). 

Fenner, Edwafd((^. 1612) .... 

Feoner, William (1600-1610). 

Fenning, Elizabeth (1792-1815) . 

Fenton, Edward (d. 1603) .... 

Fenton, Edward Dvne (d. 1880) . 

Fenton, Elijah (168^-1730) .... 

Fenton, Sir Geoffrey (1539 ?-1608) . 

Fenton, Lavinia, afterwards Dachesa of Bolton 

(1708-1760) 824 

Fenton, Richaid (1746-1821) . . . .826 
FentoD, Roger, D.D. (1665-1615) . . .827 
Fennick, Francis, D.D. (1645-1694) . . 827 
Fenwick, George (1603 f-1657) . . .828 
Fenwick, vere Caldwell, John (1628-1679) . 828 
Fenwick or Fenwicke, Sir John (16T9-1668P) 829 
Fenwick, Sir John (1645 ?-1697) . . .829 
Fenwicke, George, B.D. (1690-1760) . . 882 
Fenwicke, John (rf. 1668) . . . .882 

Feologeld (d. 83-2) 838 

Ferchard. kings of Scotland. See Fearcbair. 
Ferdinand, Philip (1655 ?-1598) . . .833 
Ferebe, or Feribve, or Ferrabee, George (A. 

1618) . . ' 838 

Ferg, Francia Panl [Franz de Paula] (1689- 

1740) 

Fergil or Virpilius, Saint (if. 785) . 

Fergnfll ( AS.'IO B.C. ?) 

Fergnali (t^. 501) 



833 
384 
885 
886 
336 
886 
340 
841 
842 
842 
348 
847 
848 
348 
350 



Fe^ushill, John (1592 ?-1644) 

Fcrgiuon, Adam (1723-1816) . 

Ferguson, Sir Adam (1771-1865) . 

Ferguson, David {d. 1598) .... 

Ferguson, JamcD (1621-1667) .... 

Ferguson, James (rf. 1705) .... 

Ferguson, James (1710-1776) .... 

Ferguson, James Frederic (1807-1865) . 

Ferguson, John (1787-1856) .... 

Ferguson, Patrick (1744-1780) 

Ferguson, Robert (d. 1714) .... 

Ferguson, Robert (1750-1774). See Fergus- 
aon. 

F'erguson, Robert, M.D. (1799-1865) 

Ferguson, Sir Ronald CraufuTd (1773-1841) . 

Fer^tisoD, Sir Hamoel (1810-1886) . 

Ferguson, William (18^20-1887) . 

Ferguson, William Gouw (1638 P-1690 ?) 

Fergusson, Sir Charles Dalrymple (1800-1849) 

Fcrgusiton, David (d. 1698). Sec Ferguson. 

Fergnsson, George, Lord Hermand {d. 1827) . 

Fer^nisson, Sir James, Lord Kilkerran (1668- 
1759) 

F«guMon, James (1769-1842) 

FergDBOon, Sir James (1787-1866) . 

Fergusson, jrame8( 1808-1886) 

FergussoQ, Robert (1750-1774) 

FergUMOU, Robert Outlar (17M-1888) 

FergusM>n, William, M.D. (1778-1846) 

Fergusson, Sir William (1808-1877) 

Feria, Duchess of. See Dormer, Jane (153^ 
1612). 

FeringB, Richard de (d. 1806) . . , .867 

Ferm, Fermc, Farholme, or Fairholm, Charles 
(1566-1617) 868 

Fermor, Henrietta Louisa, Countess of Pom- 
fr«t(A1761) 869 

Fermor or Fermour, Richard (</. 1652) . . 86S 

Fermor, Sir John {d. Ib7l). See under Fer- 
mor or Fermour, Kicharo. 



868 

354 
856 
866 
857 
857 

858 

358 
859 
369 
860 
862 
864 
865 
865 



Fermor, Thomas William, fourth Earl of 

Pomfret (1770-1883) 870 

Fermor, Farmer, or Fermour, Sir William 

(1623P-1661) 871 

Fermor, William, Lord Leominster (d. 1711) . 871 
Feme, Henry (1602-1662) . , . .872 
Feme, Sir John (d. 1610?) . . . .378 
Femeley, John (1782-1860) . . . .874 
Ferrabee, George ( rf. 1613). See Ferebe. 
FerraboKo or Ferahoeco, Alfonso (J?. 

1644-87) .875 

FerraboBco or Ferahoeco, Alfonso (d. 1628) . 876 
Ferrabosco, Alfonso (d. 1661) ■ . . .877 
Ferrabosco, John (d. 1C8>). See under Ferra- 
bosco, Alfonso (d. 1661). 
Ferrar, Nicholas (I692-ld37) . . . .877 

Ferrar, Robert (d 1555) 880 

Ferrers, Lord of Chartley. See Devereux, 

Wairer (d. 1558). 
Ferrers. Lord of Groby. See Grey, Sir John 

(d. 1461). 
Ferrers, Earl. See Shirley, Laurence (1720- 

1760) ! Shirley, Washington, fifth Earl (d. 

1778). 
Ferrers, Benjamin (d 1732) . . . .882 
Ferrers, Edward (d. 1564) . . . .882 
Ferrers, George (1600V-1679). . . .888 
Ferrers, Ilenrv de (/. 1086) .... 886 
Ferrers, Henry (1549-1688) . . . .885 
Ferrers, John (1271-1324). See under Ferrers, 

Robert, Earl of Derby or Ferrers. 
Fer^er^ Joseph (1725-1797) . , , . 886 
Ferrers, Richard (Jl. 1590). See Ferris. 
Ferrers, Robert de(d. 1139) . . . .386 
Ferrers, Robert, Earl of Derby or Ferrers 

(1240?-1279?) . . . . 
Ferrey, Benjamin (1810-1860) 
Ferriar, John (1761-1815) .... 
Ferrier, James Frederick (1808-1864) . 
Ferrier, Susan Edmonstone (1782-1864) . 
Ferris. See al«o Ferrers. 
Ferris, Richard ( ft. 1690) .... 
Festing, Sir Francia Worgan (1888-1866) . 
Feating, Michael Christian (d. 1762) . 
Fetherston, Richard (d. 1540) .... 
FetherstonhauKb, SirTimothy (d, 1651). 
Fettea, Sir William (1760-1886) . . 
Feuchfcrea, Baronne de. See Dawea, Sophia. 
Ferersham, Earls of. See DarB^ Louis, 

(1640 ?-1709) { Sondes, George (d. 1677). 
Ffennell. William Joshua (1799-1867) . 
Ffraid,LD.( 1814^1876). See Evans, John, 

Welah poet. 



386 
888 
869 
890 
391 

892 
892 
893 
894 
894 
895 



896 



Fiacre or Fiacbrach, Saint (d. 670 ?) 

Fich, Fych, or Fyche, Thomas (d. 1517) 

Fiddes,Kichar.l (1671-1725) . 

Field, Barron (1*86-1816) . 

Field, Edwin WUkins (1804-1871). 

Field, Frederick (1801-1885) . 

Field, Frederick (1826-1886) . 

Field, George (1777 ?-1854) . 

Field. Henry (1755-18^7) 

Field, Uenrv Ibbot (1797-1848> . 

Field or Feild, John (1625?-1687) . 

Field, John (1782-1887) . . . 

Field, Joshua (1767 P-1863) . 

Field, Nathaniel (1687-16831 , 

Field or De la Field, Richanl (1654 ?-1606) 

Field, Richard, D.D. (1661-1616) 

Field, Richard (Jt. 1579-1624) 

Field, Thcophilus ( 1574-1636) 

Field, Thomas (1546 P-lfi26) . 



. 896 
, 897 
. 897 
.899 
. 401 
, 402 
. 404 
, 405 
. 406 
. 406 
.406 
.407 
.408 
. 408 
, 410 
,410 
412 
,418 
. 414 



448 



Index to Volume XVIII. 



PJIOK 

. 4U 

. 415 



Field, Williuo 0768-1851) . 
Fidden, John (1781-1849) . 
Fiddlne, Antony Vandyke Coiiley (1787- 

1865) 416 

Fielding, Bisi), second Earl oT Denbigh (d. 

1675). See Feildinir. 
Bleldinp, Henry (1707-1754) . . . .416 
Fielding, Henry Bomm (d. 1851) . .434 

Fielding, Sir John {<£ 1780) . . . .424 
Fielding, Nathan Theodore (fl. 1776-1814) . 425 
Fielding.Xewton Smith (1799-1866) . .426 
Fielding, Bobeit (1651 ?-1712). See Feilding. 
Fielding, Sarah (1710-1768) . . . .426 
Fielding, Thalea (1798-1887) . . .426 

Fielding, Theodora Henry Adolphua (1781- 

1851) . . . . ... .426 

Fielding, Thomw (JL 1780-1790) . . .427 
Fielding, William, fint Eiiri of Denbigh (d. 

1648). SeeFeilding. 
Fiennes or Fieaea, Anne Lady DacT« (d. T596) 427 
Fienne^ Edward, Earl of Lincoln (1612- 

1586). Bee Clinton, Edward Fiennes de. 



Fionnes or Fienes, Gragory, Uoth Loti 

Dacre of the Soath (1589-1694) . . «18 

Fienne^ James, Lord Says and Se'.e (d. 1450). 4» 

Fienna, John ( fil6.'>7) 4N 

Fiennes, Nathamel (1608 ?-1669) . . .410 
Fiennes or Fienst, Thomas, ninth Lord Dsuxe 

(1617-1541) 4a 

Fienne^ WilUam, firat Visconnt Save and 

Sele (1582-1662) 4SS 

Fife. Earls of. See Doff, JaIne^ seoopd Eari 

(1729-1809) ; Dnff. Junes, fmirth Eari 



(1776-1857) ; Macduff, Thane and Eari. 
Flfe,Sfr John (17 



95-18n) 
Figg. JamM (d. 1734) . 
Ftlbie, William (1655V-1582) 
Filcock, Roger (d. IGOl) . 
Fillan, FoiUn, or Felan, Saint (d. 7 
Fillian, John (J. 1658-1680) 
FDU, Robert (Jl. 1562) . 
FUmer, Edward (jl. 1707) 
Filmer, Sir Robert (d. 1653) 
Fioan, Saint (d. 661) . 



7?) 



.4tt 
.4S7 
.<W 
. 4S8 
.488 

.4n 

.44« 

. ut 

.410 
■ 441 



END OF THE EIGHTEENTH VOLUME. 



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