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DICTIONARY 


OBSOLETE  PHRASES,  PROVERBS,  AND  ANCIENT  CUSTOMS, 


FROM  THE  FOURTEENTH  CENTURY. 


BY  ' 

JAMES   ORCHARD   HALLIWELLf  ESQ.,  F.R.S, 

Honorary  Member  of  the  Royal  Irish  Academy;  Corresponding  Member  of  the  Royal  Society  of  Northern 
Antiquaries,  of  the  Society  of  Antiquaries  of  Scotland,  of  the  Archaeological  Society  of  Stockholm,  and  the 
Keale  Acadeniia  di  Firenze;  Honorary  Member  of  the  Royal  Society  of  Literature,  of  the  Newcastle 
Antiquarian  Society,  of  the  Royal  Cambrian  Institution,  of  the  Ashmolean  Society  at  Oxford,  and  of  the 
Society  for  the  Study  of  Gothic  Architecture;  Fellow  of  the  Society  of  Antiquaries;  Corresponding 
Member  of  the  Comite  dea  Arts  et  Monuments,  &c.  &c. 


TN    TWO  VOLUMES. 
TOLL  A— I. 


LONDON : 
JOHN  RUSSELL   SMITH,   36,   SOHO  SQUARE. 

MDCCCTjXXIY. 


PREFACE. 


THE  difficulties  proverbially  attending  the  first  essay  in  a  literary  design  of 
any  magnitude  constitute  one  of  the  very  few  apologies  the  public  are  generally 
willing  to  concede  an  author  for  the  imperfect  execution  of  his  undertaking. 
Perhaps  no  desideratum  in  our  literature  could  be  named  which  needs  this 
indulgence  more  than  a  Dictionary  of  the  Early  English  language,— a  work 
requiring  such  extensive  and  varied  research,  that  the  labours  of  a  century  would 
still  leave  much  to  be  added  and  corrected,  and  one  which  has  been  too  often 
abandoned  by  eminent  antiquaries  for  failure  to  be  conspicuous.  It  is  now 
brought  to  a  completion  for"  the  first  time  in  the  following  pages,  in  some 
respects  imperfectly,  but  comprising  a  variety  of  information  nowhere  else  to  be 
met  with  in  a  collective  state,  and  forming  at  present  the  only  compilation 
where  a  reader  of  the  works  of  early  English  writers  can  reasonably  hope  to  find 
explanations  of  many  of  the  numerous  terms  which  have  become  obsolete 
during  the  last  four  centuries.* 

So  far  I  may  be  permitted  to  speak  without  intrenching  on  the  limits  of 
criticism.  A  work  containing  more  than  50,000  words,  f  many  of  which  have 
never  appeared  even  in  scattered  glossaries,  and  illustrated,  with  very  few 
exceptions,  by  original  authorities,  must  contain  valuable  material  for  the 
philologist,  even  if  disfigured  by  errors.  With  respect  to  the  latter  contingency, 
I  am  not  acquainted  with  any  glossary,  comprising  merely  a  few  hundred  words, 
which  does  not  contain  blunders,  although  in  many  instances  the  careful  atten- 
tion of  the  editor  has  been  specially  directed  to  the  task.  Can  I  then  anticipate 
that  in  a  field,  so  vast  that  no  single  life  would  suffice  for  a  minute  examination 
of  every  object,  I  could  have  escaped  proportionate  liabilities?  That  such  may 
be  pointed  out  I  have  little  doubt,  notwithstanding  the  pains  taken  to  prevent 

*  A  Glossary  of  Archaic  and  Provincial  'Words  was  compiled  about  fifty  years  ago  by  the  Rev. 
Jonathan  Boucher,  Vicar  of  Epsom,  but  only  a  small  portion,  extending  to  Bla,  has  yet  been 
published.  The  manuscript,  which  is  in  the  custody  of  one  of  the  editors  of  the  work,  I  have  not 
seen,  but  to  jud?;e  from  what  has  appeared,  H  probably  contains  much  irrelevant  matter.  Mr, 
Toone  has  given  us  a  small  manual  of  early  English  words,  8vo.  1832.  Nares'  Glossary,  published 
in  1822,  is  confined  to  the  Elizabethan  period,  a  valuable  work,  chiefly  compiled  from  the  notes  to 
the  variorum  edition  of  Shakespeare. 

f  The  exact  number  of  words  in  this  dictionary  is  51,027* 
I. 


ri  PREFACE. 

tlieir  occurrence  ,  but  it  will  be  manifestly  unfair  to  make  them  the  test  of  merit, 
or  thence  to  pronounce  a  judgment  on  the  accuracy  of  the  whole.  I  may  add 
that  the  greatest  care  has  heen  taken  to  render  the  references  and  quotations 
accurate,  and  whenever  it  was  practicable,  they  have  been  collated  in  type  with 
the  originals.  The  great  importance  of  accurate  references  will  be  fully  appre- 
ciated by  the  student  who  has  experienced  the  inconvenience  of  the  many 
inaccurate  ones  in  the  works  of  Nares,  Gilford,  and  others. 

The  numerous  quotations  I  have  given  from  early  manuscripts  will  generally  be 
found  to  be  literal  copies  from  the  originals,  without  any  attempt  at  remedying 
the  grammatical  errors  of  the  scribes,  so  frequent  in  manuscripts  of  the  fifteenth 
century.  The  terminal  contractions  were  then,  in  fact,  rapidly  vanishing  as  part 
of  the  grammatical  construction  of  our  language,  and  the  representative  of  the 
vowel  terminations  of  the  Anglo-Saxon  was  lost  before  the  end  of  that  century. 
It  is  only  within  the  last  few  years  that  this  subject  has  been  considered  by  our 
editors,  and  it  is  much  to  be  regretted  that  the  texts  of  Bitson,  Weber,  and 
others  are  therefore  not  always  to  be  depended  upon.  For  this  reason  I  have 
had  recourse  in  some  cases  to  the  original  manuscripts  in  preference  to  using 
the  printed  texts,  but,  generally,  the  quotations  from  manuscripts  have  been 
taken  from  pieces  not  yet  published.  Some  few  have  been  printed  during  the 
time  this  work  has  been  in  the  press,  a  period  of  more  than  two  years. 

In  ascertaining  the  meaning  of  those  early  English  words,  which  have  been  either 
improperly  explained  or  have  escaped  the  notice  of  our  glossarists,  I  have  chiefly 
had  recourse  to  those  grand  sources  of  the  language,  Anglo-Saxon  and  Anglo- 
Norman.  It  appeared  to  me  to  be  sufficient  in  such  cases  to  indicate  the  imme- 
diate source  of  the  word  without  referring  to  the  original  root,  discarding  in 
fact  etymological  research,  except  when  it  was  necessary  to  develop  the  right 
explanation.  Etymological  disquisitions  on  provincial  words  have  also  been 
considered  unnecessary  j  but  in  some  few  instances,  where  there  existed  no  rea- 
sonable doubt,  the  root  has  been  mentioned. 

In  explaining  terms  and  phrases  of  the  Elizabethan  era,  I  have  had  the 
a4vantage  not  enjoyed  in  preparing  that  part  of  the  work  which,  relates  to  the 
sarfier  period,  of  referring  to  the  labours  of  a  predecessor  in  the  same  task*  The 
Glossary  of  Archdeacon  Nares  has  here  necessarily  in  some  respects  been  my 
guide,  generally  a  faithful  one  as  far  as  his  explanations  are  concerned,  but  still 
yery  imperfect  as  a  general  glossary  to  the  writers  of  that  age.  I  have  attempted 
to  supply  his  deficiencies  by  more  than  trebling  his  collection  of  words  and 
phrases,  but  my  plan  did  not  permit  me  to  imitate  his  prolixity,  and  I  have  there- 
fore frequently  stated  results  without  explaining  the  reasoning  or  giving  tie 
.reading  which  led  to  them.  Nares3  Glossary  is  however,  notwithstanding  iti 
imperfections,  a  work  of  great  merit,  and  distinguished  by  the  clearness  aa$ 


PREFACE.  vii 

iliscrimination  with  which  the  collections  of  the  Shakespearian  commentators 
are  arranged  and  discussed.  To  find  him  occasionally  in  error  merely  illustrates 
the  impossibility  of  perfection  in  philological  studies. 

Having  had  in  view  the  wants  of  readers  unskilled  in  early  English  rather 
than  the  literary  entertainment  of  professed  students,  1  have  admitted  numerous 
forms  the  etymologist  will  properly  regard  corrupt,  and  which,  might  easily  have 
been  reduced  to  their  original  sources.  I  may  have  carried  the  system  too  far, 
but  to  have  excluded  corruptions  would  certainly  have  rendered  the  work  less 
generally  useful ;  and  it  is  not  to  be  presumed  that  every  one  who  consults  a 
manual  of  this  kind  will  despise  the  assistance  thus  afforded.  There  are,  too, 
many  corruptions  the  sources  of  which  are  not  readily  perceivable  even  by  the 
most  experienced. 

So  many  archaisms  are  undoubtedly  still  preserved  by  our  rural  population, 
that  it  was  thought  the  incorporation  of  a  glossary  of  provincialisms  would 
render  the  work  a  more  useful  guide  than  one  restricted  to  known  archaisms. 
When  Ray  in  1674  published  the  first  collection  of  English  localisms,  he  gives 
three  reasons  for  having  undertaken  the  task :  "  First,  because  I  knew  not  of 
anything  that  hath  been  already  done  in  this  kind ;  second,  because  I  conceive 
they  may  be  of  some  use  to  them  who  shall  have  occasion  to  travel  the  Northern 
counties,  in  helping  them  to  understand  the  common  language  there ;  third, 
because  they  may  also  afford  some  diversion  to  the  curious,  and  give  them  occa- 
sion of  making  many  considerable  remarks."  It  is  remarkable  that  Ray  seems 
to  have  been  unacquainted  with  the  real  value  of  provincial  words,  and  most  of 
his  successors  appear  to  have  collected  without  the  only  sufficient  reason  for  pre- 
serving them,  the  important  assistance  they  continually  afford  in  glossing  the 
works  of  our  early  writers. 

Observations  on  our  provincial  dialects  as  they  now  exist  will  be  found  in  the 
following  p^ges,  but  under  the  firm  conviction  that  the  history  of  provincialisms 
is  of  far  inferior  importance  to  the  illustration  they  afford  of  our  early  language, 
I  have  not  entered  at  length  into  a  discussion  of  the  former  subject.  I  have 
spared  no  pains  to  collect  provincial  words  from  all  parts  of  the  country,  and 
have  been  assisted  by  numerous  correspondents,  whose  communications  are  care- 
fully acknowledged  under  the  several  counties  to  which  they  refer.  These  com- 
munications have  enabled  me  to  add  a  vast  quantity  of  words  which  had  escaped 
the  notice  of  all  the  compilers  of  provincial  glossaries,  but  their  arrangement 
added  immeasurably  to  the  labour.  No  one  who  has  not  tried  the  experiment 
can  rightly  estimate  the  trouble  of  arranging  long  lists  of  words,  and  separating 
mere  dialectical  forms. 

The  contributors  of  provincial  words  are  elsewhere  thanked,  but  it  would 
hardly  be  right  to  omit  the  opportunity  of  enumerating  the  more  extensive  com- 


^iii  PREFACE. 

munications.  I  may,  then,  mention  my  obligations  to  Captain  Henry  Smith,  for 
his  copious  glossary  of  Isle  of  Wight  provincialisms  ;  to  the  Rev.  James  Adcock, 
to  whom  I  am  principally  indebted  for  Lincolnshire  words  ;  to  Goddard  Johnson, 
Esq.  for  his  valuable  Norfolk  glossary  ;  to  Henry  Norris,  Esq.  for  his  important 
Somersetshire  collection;  to  David  E.  Davy,  Esq.  for  his  MS,  additions  to 
Forby ;  to  Major  Moor,  for  his  collections  for  a  new  edition  of  his  Suffolk  Words 
and  Phrases  ;  and  to  the  Rev.  J.  Staunton,  for  the  use  of  the  late  Mr.  Sharp's 
manuscript  glossary  of  Warwickshire  words.  Most  of  the  other  communications 
have  been  of  essential  service,  and  I  cannot  call  to  mind  one,  however  brief, 
which  has  not  furnished  me  with  useful  information.  My  anonymous  correspond- 
ents will  be  contented  with  a  general  acknowledgment ;  but  I  have  not  ventured 
to  adopt  any  part  of  their  communications  unsupported  by  other  authority.  My 
thanks  are  also  returned  to  Mr.  Toone,  for  MS.  additions  to  his  Glossary,  chiefly 
consisting  of  notes  on  Massinger ;  to  Sir  Henry  Dryden,  Bart.,  for  a  few  notes  on 
hunting  terms  in  the  earlier  letters ;  and  to  Mr.  Chaffers,  jun.  for  a  brief  glossary 
compiled  a  few  years  since  from  Chaucer,  Lydgate,  &c.  But  my  chief  obliga- 
tions are  due  to  Thomas  Wright,  Esq.  M.A.,  whose  suggestions  on  nearly  every 
sheet  of  this  work,  as  it  was  passing  through  the  press,  have  been  of  the 
greatest  advantage,  and  whose  profound  knowledge  of  Anglo-Saxon  and  Anglo- 
Norman  has  frequently  been  of  essential  service  when  the  ordinary  guides  had 

been  ineffectually  consulted. 

J.  0.  HALLFWELL. 


BRIXTON  HILL,  STTRRRY, 
Feb.  la  I,  1847. 


THE  ENGLISH  PROVINCIAL  DIALECTS, 


ROBERT  of  Gloucester,  after  describing  the  Norman  Conquest,  thus  alludes  to  the  change  erf 
language  introduced  by  that  event : 

And  the  Normans  ne  couthe  speke  tho  bote  her  owe  speche, 
And  speke  French  as  dude  atom,  and  here  chyldrendude  also  teche. 
So  that  hey  men  of  this  lond,  that  of  her  blod  come, 
Holdeth  alle  thulke  speche  that  hii  of  hem  nome. 
Vor  bote  a  man  couthe  French,  metolth  of  hym  wel  lute, 
Ac  lowe  men  holdeth  to  Eng-fyss,  and  to  her  Tcunde  speche  $ttte. 
Ich  wene  ther  ne  be  man  in  world  ccrntreyes  none, 
That  ne  holdeth  to  her  kunde  speche,  bote  Engelond  one. 
Ac  wel  me  wot  vor  toconne  bothe  wel  yt  ys, 
Vor  the  more  that  a  man  con,  the  more  worth  heys. 

This  extract  describes  very  correctly  the  general  history  of  the  languages  current  in  England  for 
the  first  two  centuries  after  the  battle  of  Hastings.  Anglo-Norman  was  almost  exclusively  the  lan- 
guage of  the  court,  of  the  Norman  gentry,  and  of  literature.  "  The  works  in  English  which  were 
written  before  the  Wars  of  the  Barons  belong,"  says  Mr.  Wright,  "  to  the  last  expiring  remains  of  an 
older  and  totally  different  Anglo-Saxon  style,  or  to  the  first  attempts  of  a  new  English  one  formed 
upon  a  Norman  model.  Of  the  two  grand  monuments  of  the  poetry  of  this  period,  Layamon 
belongs  to  the  former  of  these  classes,  and  the  singular  poem  entitled  the  Ormulum  to  the  latter. 
After  the  middle  of  the  thirteenth  century,  the  attempts  at  poetical  composition  in  English  became 
more  frequent  and  more  successful,  and  previous  to  the  age  of  Chaucer  we  have  several  poems  of 
a  very  remarkable  character,  and  some  good  imitations  of  the  harmony  and  spirit  of  the  French 
versification  of  the  time."  After  the  Barons'  Wars,  the  Anglo-Norman  was  gradually  intermingled 
with  the  Anglo-Saxon,  and  no  long  time  elapsed  before  the  mongrel  language,  English,  was  in 
general  use,  formed,  however,  from  the  latter.  A  writer  of  the  following  century  thus  alleges  his 
reason  for  writing  in  English : 

In  Englis  tonge  y  schal  5ow  telle, 

3yf  56  so  long  with  me  wyl  dwelle  j 

Ne  Latyn  wil  y  speke  ne  waste, 

Bot  Englisch  that  men  uses  maste, 

For  that  ys  joure  kynde  langage, 

Thatje  hafe  here  most  of  usages 

That  can  ech  man  untherstonde 

That  is  born  in  Rnylotide  ; 

For  that  langage  ys  mostschewed, 

Als  wel  mowe  lereth  as  lewed. 

Latyn  also  y  trowe  can  nane, 

Bot  tho  that  hath  hit  of  schole  tane; 

Som  can  Frensch  and  no  Latyne, 

That  useth  has  court  and  duellt  therinne, 

And  sorn  can  of  Latyn  aparty, 

That  can  Frensch  ful  febylly  j 

And  som  untherstondith  Euglisch, 

That  nother  can  Latyn  ne  Frensch. 

Bot  lej-de,  and  lewde,  old  and  $ongt 

Alle  untherstondith  Englisch  tonge. 

Therfore  y  holde  hit  most  siker  thanne 

To  schewe  the  langage  that  ech  man  can  j 

And  for  lewethe  men  namely, 

That  can  no  more  of  clergy, 

Tho  ken  tham  whare  most  nede, 

For  clcrkes  can  both  se  and  rede 

In  divers  bokesof  Holy  Writt, 

How  they  schul  lyve,  yf  thay  loke  hit : 

Thareforey  wylle  me  holly  halde 

To  that  langage  that  Englisch  ys  calde.    MS,  3odl,  48,  t.  48. 


PBOYINCIAL  J>IAIECTS. 

Tlie  author  of  the  Cursor  Mundi  thought  each  nation  should  be  contented  with  one  tangnag* 
and  that  the  English  should  discard  the  Anglo-Norman : 
This  ilk  boK  it  es  translate 
Into  Inglis  tong  to  rede, 
For  the  love  of  Inglis  lede, 
Inglis  lede  of  tngland, 
For  the  commun  at  understand. 
Frankis  rimes  hero  I  redd 
Comtmlik  ID  ilk  sted. 
Mast  es  it  wroght  for  Frankis  man, 
Quat  is  for  him  no,  Frankis  can  ? 
Of  Icgland  the  nacion 
Es  iBglisman  thar  in  commun ; 
The  speche  that  man.  -wit  mast  may  spede, 
Mast  thar  wit  to  speke  war  nede, 
Selden  was  for  ani  chance 
praised  Inglis  tong  in  France  ! 
Give  wv  ilkan  tha,re  fangaget 
Me  think  we  do  tham  non  outrage. 

jtfS.  Cotf .  F«*jww.  A.  Hi.  f.  2. 

In  the  curious  tale  of  King  Edward  and  the  Shepherd,  the  latter  is  described  as  being  perfectly 
astonished  with  the  French  and  Latin  of  the  court : 

The  lordis  anon  to  chawmbur  went* 
The  kyng  aftur  the  scheperde  sent, 

He  was  brojt  forth  fulle  sone ; 
He  clawed  his  hed,  his  hare  he  rent, . 
He  wendewei  to  have  be  schent, 

He  ne  wyst  what  was  to  done. 
When  he  French  and  Latyn  heide, 
He  hade  mervellehow  it  ferde, 

And  drowhym  ever  alone : 
Jhesu,  he  seid,  for  thi  gret  grace, 
Brytigme  fayre  out  of  this  place  ! 

Lady,  now  here  my  bone  ! 

MS.  Cantab.  Ff.  r.  48,  f.  55. 

In  the  fifteenth  century,  English  may  he  said  to  hare  been  the  general  language  of  this  coun- 
try.* At  this  period,  too,  what  is  now  called  old  English,  rapidly  lost  its  grammatical  forms  and 
the  English  of  the  time  of  Henry  VIII,  orthography  excepted,  differs  very  Me  from  that  of  the 
present  day.  A  few  archaisms  now  obsolete,  and  old  phrases,  constitute  the  essential 

diOOTroresent  subject  is  the  provincial  dialects,  to  which  these  very  brief  remarks  on  the  general 
history  of  the  English  language  are  merely  preliminary,— a  subject  of  great  difficulty,  and  one 
which  requires  far  more  reading  than  has  yet  been  attempted  to  develop  satisfactorily,  especially 
in  its  earb  period.  Believing  that  the  principal  use  of  the  study  of  the  English  dialects  consists 
in  the  explanation  of  archaisms,  I  have  not  attempted  that  research  which  would  be  necessary  to 
understand  their  history,  albeit  this  latter  is  by  no  means  an  unimportant  inquiry.  The  Anglo- 
Saxon  dialects  were  not  numerous,  as  far  as  can  be  judged  from  the  MSS,  m  that  language  which 
have  been  preserved,  and  it  seems  probable  that  most  of  our  English  dialects  might  be  traced 
historically  and  etymologically  to  the  original  tribes  of  the  Saxons,  Angles,  and  Jutes,  not  forget- 
tina-  the  Danes,  whose  language,  according  to  Wallingford,  so  long  influenced  the  dialect  of 
Yorkshire.  In  order  to  accomplish  this  we  require  many  more  early  documents  -winch  bear  upon 
the  subject  .than  have  yet  been  discovered,  and  the  uncertainty  which  occurs  in  most  cases  of 
fixing  the  exact  locality  in  which  they  were  written  adds  to  cur  difficulties.  When  we  come  to  a 
later  period,  the  thirteenth  and  fourteenth  centuries,  there  being  no  standard  literary  form  of  our 
native  language,  every  MS.  sufficiently  exhibits  its  dialect,  and  it  is  to  be  hoped  that  all  English 
works  of  this  period  may  one  day  he  classed  according  to  their  dialects.  In  such  an  undertaking, 
great  assistance  will  be  derived  from  a  knowledge  of  our  local  dialects^  as  they  now  exist  Hence 
the  value  of  specimens  of  modern  provincial  language,  for  in  many  instances,  as  in  Bobert  of 
Gloucester's  Chronicle,  compared  with  the  present  dialect  of  Gloucestershire,  the  organic  forms  of 
the  dialect  have  remained  unchanged  for  centuries.  The  Ayenbyte  of  Inwyt  is,  perhaps,  the  most 
remarkable  specimen  of  early  English  MSS.  written  in  a  broad  dialect,  and  it  proves  very  sufekfac- 
torilv  that  in  the  fourteenth  centmy  the  principal  features  of  what  is  termed  the  Western  dialect 
were  those  also  of  the  Kentish  dialect.  There  can  be,  in  fact,  little  doabt  that  the  forme?  *** 

*  Anne,  Countess  of  Stafford,  thus  writes  In  1438, 1  "ordeyne  and  make  roy  te*tam«nt  in  English  tougft&t 
my  jnoat  profit,  iedyn#,  and  underatandyng  in  thiswise." 


ENGLISH  PROVINCIAL  DIALECTS. 


XI 


long  current  throughout  the  Southern  counties,  and  even  extended  in  some  degree  as  far  as  Essex.* 
If  we  judge  from  the  specimens  of  early  English  of  which  the  localities  of  composition  are  known, 
we  might  perhaps  divide  the  dialects  of  the  fourteenth  century  into  three  grand  classes,  the 
Northern,  the  Midland,  and  the  Southern,  the  last  being  that  now  retained  in  the  Western  coun- 
ties.  But,  with  the  few  materials  yet  published,  I  set  little  reliance  on  any  classification  of  the 
kind.  If  we  may  decide  from  Mr.  Wright's  Specimens  of  Lyric  Poetry,  which  were  written  in 
Herefordshire,  or  from  Audelay's  Poems,  written  in  Shropshire  in  the  fifteenth  century,  those 
counties  would  belong  to  the  Midland  division,  rather  than  to  the  West  or  South. 

The  few  writers  who  have  entered  on  the  subject  of  the  early  English  provincial  dialects,  have 
advocated  their  theories  without  a  due  consideration  of  the  probability,  in  many  cases  the  cer- 
tainty, of  an  essential  distinction  between  the  language  of  literature  and  that  of  the  natives  of  a 
county.  Hence  arises  a  fallacy  which  has  led  to  curious  anomalies.  We  are  not  to  suppose, 
merely  because  we  find  an  early  MS.  written  in  any  county  in  standard  English,  that  that  MS.  is 
a  correct  criterion  of  the  dialect  of  the  county.  There  are  several  MSS.  written  in  Kent  of  about 
the  same  date  as  the  Ayenby  te  of  Inwyt,  which  have  none  of  the  dialectical  marks  of  that  curious 
work.  Most  of  the  quotations  here  given  from  early  MSS.  must  be  taken  with  a  similar  limita- 
tion as  to  their  dialect.  Hence  the  difficulty,  from  want  of  authentic  specimens,  of  forming  a 
classification,  which  has  led  to  an  alphabetical  arrangement  of  the  counties  in  the  following  brief 
notices : — 


BEDFORDSHIRE. 
The  dialect  of  this  county  has  been  fully  in- 
vestigated in  Batchelor's  Orthoepical  Analysis 
of  the  English  Language,  8vo.  1809.  Stakes 
the  place  of  ow,  ea  of  a,  ow  of  the  long  o,  oi  of 
t,  &c.  When  r  precedes  s  and  e  final,  or  s  and 
other  consonants,  it  is  frequently  not  pro- 
nounced. Ow  final  is  often  changed  into  er ; 
ge  final,  into  dge;  and  g  final  is  sometimes 
omitted. 

BERKSHIRE. 

The  Berkshire  dialect  partly  belongs  to  the 
Western,  and  partly  to  the  Midland,  more 
strongly  marked  with  the  features  of  the  former 
in  the  South-West  of  the  county.  The  a  is 
changed  into  0,  the  diphthongs  are  pronounced 
broadly,  and  the  vowels  are  lengthened.  Way 
is  pronounced  woye  ;  thik  and  thdk  for  this  and 
that ;  he  for  him,  and  she  for  her. 

BUCKINGHAMSHIRE. 

The  language  of  the  peasantry  is  not  very 
broad,  although  many  dialectical  words  are  in 
general  use.  A  list  of  the  latter  was  kindly  for- 
warded to  me  by  Dr.  Hussey. 

CAMBRIDGESHIRE. 

There  is  little  to  distinguish  the  Cambridge- 
shire dialect  from  that  of  the  adjoining  counties, 
It  is  nearly  allied  to  that  of  Norfolk  and  Suffolk. 
The  perfect  tense  is  formed  strongly,  as  hit,  hot, 
tit,  sot,  spare,  spore,  e.g.  "if  I  am  spore," 
L  e.  spared,  &c.  I  have  to  return  my  thanks  to 


the  Rev.  J.  J.  Smith  and  the  Rev.  Charles 
Warren  for  brief  lists  of  provincialisms  current 
in  this  county. 

CHESHIRE. 

The  Cheshire  dialect  changes  I  into  w,  ul  into 
w  or  oo,  i  into  oi  or  ee,  o  into  u,  a  into  o,  o  into 
a,  u  into  i,  ea  into  yo,  and  oa  into  wo.  Mr. 
Wilbraham  has  published  a  very  useful  and  cor- 
rect glossary  of  Cheshire  words.  Second  ed. 
12mo.  1836. 

Extract  from  a  Speech  of  Judas  Tscariot  in  the 
Play  of  Christ's  Entry  into  Jerusalem. 
By  deare  God  in  magistie ! 
I  am  so  wroth  as  I  maye  be, 
And  some  waye  I  will  wrecken  me, 
As  gone  as  ever  I  male. 
My  mayster  Jesus,  as  men  maye  see, 
Was  rubbed  heade,  foote,  and  knye, 
With  oyntmeuteof  more  daintle 
Then  I  see  man  ye  a  dale. 
To  that  I  have  greate  envye, 
That  he  suffrcd  to  destroye 
More  then  all  his  good  thrye, 
And  his  dames  towe. 
Hade  I  of  it  hade  maisterye, 
I  woulde  have  soulde  it  sone  in  hie, 
And  put  it  up  in  tresuerye, 
As  I  was  woute  to  doe. 
Whatsoever  wes  geven  to  Jesu, 
I  have  kepte,  since  I  hym  knewe ; 
For  he  hopes  I  wilbe  trewe, 
His  purse  allwaie  I  bare. 
Hym  hade  bene  better,  in  good  1'aye, 
Hade  spared  oyntmente  that  daie, 


*  This  is  stated  on  sufficiently  ample  authority,  but  Verstegan  appears  to  limit  it  in  his  time  to  the  Westrm 
counties,—"  We  see  that  in  some  «everall  parts  of  England  itselfe,  both  the  names  of  things,  and  pronuutm- 
tions  of  words,  are  somewhat  different,  and  that  among  the  country  people  that  never  borrow  any  words  out 
of  the  Latin  or  French,  and  of  this  different  pronuntiation  one  example  in  steed  of  many  shal  suffice,  as  this  s 
for  pronouncing  according  as  one  would  say  at  London,  /  would  fiat  more  cheese  if  I  had  it,  the  Northern  man 
saith,  Ay  sud  eat  mare  cheese  gin  ay  hadet,  and  the  Westerne  man  saith,  Chud  eat  more  cheese  an  chad  it.  Lo 
heere  three  different  pronoun tiations  in  our  owne  country  in  one  thing,  and  hereof  many  the  like  cxamplei 
might  be  alleaged."—  VerMtegatfa  Re*titittion>  1634,  p.  195. 


2Ui 


ENGLISH  PROVINCIAL  DIALECTS. 


For  wrocken  I  wilbe  some  waie 

Of  waste  that  was  done  their  ; 

Three  hundreth  penny  worthes  it  was 

That  he  let  spill  in  that  place  ; 

Therefore  God  geve  me  harde  grace, 

But  hymselfe  shalbe  soulde 

To  the  Jewes,  or  that  I  sitte, 

For  the  tenth  penye  of  it  : 

And  this  my  maister  shalbe  quite 

My  greffe  a  huudreth  foulde. 

Chester  Plays,  ii.  12 

CORNWALL, 

It  is  almost  unnecessary  to  observe,  that  thi 
ancient  Cornish  language  has  long  been  ohso 
Jete.  It  appears  to  have  been  gradually  disused 
from  the  time  of  Henry  VIII.,  but  it  was  spoken 
in  some  parts  of  the  country  till  the  eighteenth 
century.  Modern  Cornish  is  now  an  English 
dialect,  and  a  specimen  of  it  is  here  given 
Pohvhele  has  recorded  a  valuable  list  of  Cornish 
provinciaHsms,  and  a  new  glossary  has  recently 
been  published,  in  *  Specimens  of  Cornish  Pro- 
vincial Dialect/  8vo.  1846.  In  addition  to  these 
I  have  to  acknowledge  several  words,  hithertc 
unnoticed,  communicated  by  Miss  Hicks,  and 
R.  T.  Smith,  Esq. 

Harrison,  Description  of  Britaine,  p.  14,  tlms 
mentions  the  Cornish  language  :  "  The  Cornish 
and  Devonshire  men,  whose  countrie  the  Britoni 
call  Cerniw,  have  a  speach  in  like  sort  of  their 
owne,  and  such  as  hath  in  deed  more  affinitie 
with  the  Armoricane  toong  than  I  can  well  dis- 
cusse  of.  Yet  in  mine  opinion,  they  are  both 
but  a  corrupted  kind  of  British,  albeit  so  far  de- 
generating in  these  daies  from  the  old,  that  if 
either  of  them  doo  meete  with  a  Welshman,  they 
are  not  able  at  the  first  to  understand  one  an- 
other, except  here  and  there  in  some  od  words, 
without  the  helpe  of  interpreters." 

•  In  Cornwal,  Pembr.  and  Devon  they  for  to  milk 
say  milky,  for  to  squint,  to  squinny,  this,  thicky, 
&c.,  and  aftermost  verbs  ending  with  consonants 
they  clap  a  y,  but  more  commonly  the  lower  part  of 
Pembrokeshire. 

's  MS.  Additions  to  Rayf  Ashm,  Mus. 


(1)  The  Cornwall  Schoolboy. 
An  ould  man  found,  one  day,  a  yung  gentleman's 
portmantle,  as  he  were  a  going  to  es  dennar;  he 
took'd  et  en  and  gived  et  to  es  wife,  and  said, 
"  Mally,  here's  a  roul  of  lither,  look,  see,  I  suppoase 
eome  poor  ould  shoemaker  or  other  have  los'en, 
tak'en  and  put'en  a  top  of  the  teaster  of  tha  bed, 
he'll  be  filntl  to  hab'en  agen  sum  day,  I  dear  say." 
The  ould  man,  Jan,  that  was  es  nearne,  went  to  es 
work  as  before.  Mally  then  open'd  the  portmantle, 
and  found  en  et  three  hunderd  pounds.  Soon  after 
thes,  the  ould  man  not  being  very  well,  Mally  said, 
"  Jan,  Pave  saaved  away  a  little  money,  by  the  bye, 
and  as  thee  caan't  read  or  write,  theeshu'st  go  to 
scool"  (he  were  then  nigh  threescore  and  ten).  He 
went  but  a  very  short  time,  and  corned  hoam  one 
day,  and  said,  f  '  Mally,  I  wain't  go  to  scool  no  more, 
'caase  the  childer  do  be  laffen  at  me  ;  they  can  tell 
their  letters,  and  I  caan't  tell  my  A,  B,  C,  and  I 
wudrayther  go  to  work  agen,"  "  Do  as  thee  wool," 
ses  Mally.  Jan  Ijad  not  ben  ouc  many  days,  afore 
the  yung  gentleman  came  by  that  lost  the  port-  , 
maijtlo.  und  said,  "  Well,  my  ould  man,  did'ee  see 


or  hear  tell  of  sich  a  thing  as  a  portmantle  ?"  «  P< 
mantle,  sar,  was't  that  un,  sumthing  like  thick* 
(pointing  to  one  behind  es  saddle.)    I  found  one 
t'other    day  zackly   like  that."     («  Where  es  et 
"  Come  along,  I  carr'd'en  en  and  gov'en  to  my  w 
Mally ;  thee  sha't  av'en.     Mally,  where  es  that  rt 
of  hther  that  I  giv'd  tha  the  t'other  day  *"      ««  Wl 
roul  of  lither?"  said  Mally.     ««  The  roul  of  lithe 
broft  en  and  tould  tha  to  put'en  a  top  of  the  teaster 
the  bed,  afore  I  go'd  to  scool/'     *'  Drat  tha  emi  ( 
ranee,"  said  the  gentleman,  "thee  art  betwattli  - 
that  was  before  I  were  born." 

(2)  A  Western  Eclogue. 
Pengrouize,  a  lad  in  many  a  science  blest, 
Outshone  his  toning  brothers  of  the  west : 
Of  smugling,  hurling,  wrestling  much  he  knew, 
And  much  of  tin,  and  much  of  pilchards  too. 
Fam'dat  each  village,  town,  and  country-house, 
Menacken,  Helstone,  Polkinhorne,  and  Grouse  ; 
Trespissen,  Buddock,  Cony-yerle,Treverry, 
Polbastard,  Hallabazzack,  Eglesderry, 
Pencob,  and  Restijeg,  Treviskey,  Brcague, 
Irewinnlck,  Buskenwyn,  Busveal,  Ro^ereague  : 
But  what  avail'd  his  fame  and  various  art, 
Since  he,  by  love,  was  smitten  to  the  heart  ? 
The  shaft  a  beam  of  Bet  Polglaze's  eyes  ; 
And  now  he  dutnplin  loaths,  and  pilchard  pics. 
Young  was  the  lass,  a  servant  at  St.  Tizzy, 
Born  at  Polpks,  and  bred  at  Mevagizzy. 
Calm  o'er  the  mountain  blut>h*d  the  rising  day, 
And  tiiig'd  the  summit  with  a  purple  ray, 
When  sleepless  from  his  hutch  the  lover  stole, 
And  met,  by  chance,  the  mistress  of  his  soul. 
And  «'  Whither  go'st  ?"  he  scratched  his  skull  an* 

cry'd ; 

<*  Arrear,  God  bless  us,"  well  the  nymph  replyM, 
"  To  Yealston  sure,  to  buy  a  pound  o'  backy. 
That  us  and  meastor  wonderfully  lacky  ; 
God  bless  us  ale,  this  fortnight,  'pon  my  word, 
We  nothing  smoaks  but  oak  leaves  and  cue-terd.** 

jPewgrwwce. 

Arrear  then,  Bessy,  ly  aloane  the  backy, 
Sty  here  a  tiny  bit  and  let  us  talky* 
Bessy,  I  loves  thee,  wot  a  ha  me,  zay> 
Wot  ha  Pengrouze,  why  wot  a,  Bessy,  hse  ? 

Set  Polglazs* 

Ah,  hunkin,  hunkin,  mind  at  Mousliole  fair 
What  did  you  at  the  Choughs,  the  alehouse  tnt-re? 
When  you  stows  eighteen  pence  in  cakes  and  beer, 
To  treat  that  dirty  trollup,  Mall  Rosevear: 
You  stuffs  it  in  her  gills,  and  makes  such  pucker, 
Arrear  the  people  thoft  you  wid  have  choack  her. 

Pengrouze, 

Curse  Mall  Rosevear,  I  says,  a  great  jack  whore, 
I  ne'er  sees  buch  a  dirty  drab  before; 
I  stutfs  her  gills  with  cakesand  beer,  the  hunk, 
She  stuffs  herself,  she  meslin  and  got  drunk. 
Best*  drink  sure  for  her  jaws  wan't  good  enow, 
So  leckert  makes  her  drunk  as  David's  sow ; 
Her  feace  is  like  a  bull's,  and  'tis  a  food. 
Her  legs  are  like  the  logs  o*  cobler's  stoyfl; 
Her  eyes  be  grean's  a  lick,:}:  as  yaff'ers  big, 
Noase  flat's  my  hond,  and  neck  so  black'*  a  pig. 

Bet  Pol£la£e. 

Ay,  but  I've  more  to  say  ;  this  isn't  ale, 
You  deaneM  wy  Mall  Rosevear 't  &  sartln  bale ; 
She  toald  me  so,  and  lefts  me  wy  a.  sneare — 
Ay  !  you,  Pengrouze,  did  deance  wy  Mall 


*  Best  drink  implies  strong  beer. 
J  Green  as  a  leek 


t  Brandy*' 


ENGLISH  PROVINCIAL  DIALECTS. 


Psngrouse. 

!Nbw,  Bessy,  hire  me,  Bessy,  vath  and  soale, 
Kite  me,  I  says,  and  thou  shat  hire  the  whoale  ; 
One  night,  a  Wensday  right,  I  vows  to  Goade, 
Aloane,  a  hossback,  to  Tresouze  I  roade  j 
Sure  Bessy  vath,  dist  hire  me,  'tis  no  lies, 
A  d  —  mnderbale  was  never  seed  wy  eyes. 
I  hires  sum  mizzick  at  an  oald  bearne  doore, 
And  hires  a  wondrous  rousing  on  the  fioore; 
5o  in  I  pops  my  head  ;  says  I,  arreare  ! 
Why,  what  a  devil's  neame  is  doing  heare? 
Why  daaucing,  cries  the  crowder  by  the  wale, 
iVhy  deancing,  deancing,  meastet—  'tis  a  bale. 
Deancing,  says  I,  by  Gam  I  hires  sum  preancers^ 
,Jut  tell  us  where  the  devil  be  the  deancers  j 
?or  fy  the  dust  and  strawze  so  fleed  about, 
could  not,  Bessy,  spy  the  hoppers  out. 
kilaste  I  spies  Rosevear,  I  wish  her  dead, 
Vho  meakes  medeanceall  nite,  the  stinking  jade. 
ays  I,  I  have  no  shoose  to  kick  afoote: 
?hy  kick,  says  Mall  Rosevear,  then  kick  thy  boote. 
.nd,  Bet,  dist  hire  me,  for  to  leert  us  ale, 
,.  furthing  candle  wink'd  again  the  wale. 


Ah,  hunkin,  hunkin,  I  am  huge  afraid 
1  hat  you  is  laughing  at  a  simple  maid. 

Pengrouse. 

Deare,  dearest  Bet,  let's  hug  thce  to  my  hearte, 
\nd  may  us  never  never  never  peart  e  ! 
r»  if  T  Ji<"«  than,  Bessy,  than  I  wishes 
'he  Shackleheads  may  never  close  the  fishes  j 
"  hat  picky  dogs  may  eat  the  sceane  whenfulej 
it'u  to  rags,  and  let  go  ale  the  schule. 

Bet  Polglaze. 
.  *ien  here's  my  hond,  and  wy  it  teake  my  hearte. 

Pengroiise. 

ttoade  bless  us  too,  and  here  is  mines,  ods  hearte  ! 
»ae  buss,  and  then  to  Pilcharding  I'll  packy. 

Bet  Polglaze, 
'id  I  to  Yealstone  for  my  master's  "backy. 

(3)  A  Cornish  Song. 

,-ij«j,  all  ye  jolly  Tinner  boys,  and  listen  to  me  ; 
is  i  11  ee  of  a  storie  shall  make  ye  for  to  see, 
i>  .irning  Boney  Peartie,  the  schaames  which  he  had 

maadc 
i'.op  our  tin.  and  copper  mines,  and  all  our  pilchard 

traade. 
ummonaed  forty  thousand  men,  to  Polland  they 

did  goa, 
•  \  for  to  rob  and  plunder  there  you  very  well  do 

knawa; 
hi,   t<M-tbou-*und  were  killed,  and  laade  dead  in  blood 

and  goa  re, 
'.  r  •'•  thirty  thousand  ranned  away,  and  I  cante  tell 

where,  I'm  sure. 

A  11.  i  should  that  Boney  Peartie  have  forty  thousand  still 
IV  maake  into  an  army  to  work  his  wicked  will, 
Ami  try  for  to  invaade  us,  if  he  doent  quickly  fly— 
tlVi.y,  forty  thousand  Cornish  boys  shall  knawa  the 

reason  why. 

Hurra  for  tin  and  copper,  boys,  and  fisheries  likewise  ! 
Huron  for  Cornish  maadens—  oh,  bless  their  pretty 

eyes  I 

ljurea  fgr  our  ould  gentrie,  and  may  they  never  faale  I 
HIITM*  hurea  for  Cornwall  1  hurea,  boys,  "  one  and 
ale!" 

CUMBERLAND. 

Tfce  dialects  of  Cumberland,  Westmoreland, 
$®l1fauHiberland,  and  Durliam  may  be  consi- 


affl 

dered  to  be  identical  in  aH  essential  peculiari- 
ties, the  chief  differences  arising  from  the  mode 
of  pronunciation.  According  to  Boucher,  the 
dialect  of  Cumberland  is  much  less  uniform  than 
that  of  "Westmoreland.  In  Cumberland,  wo  is 
in  frequent  use  instead  of  the  long  a,  as  "will  be 
noticed  in  the  following  example.  A  glossary  of 
Cumberland  words  was  Idndly  forwarded  to  m<» 
by  Mr.  Thomas  Sanderson, 

(1)  Love  in  Cumberland* 
Tune, — *'  Cuddle  me,  Cuddy." 

Wa,  Jwohn,  what'n  mannishment's  'tis 

'At  ton's  gawn  to  dee  for  a  hizzy  1 
Aw  hard  o*  this  torrable  fiss, 

An'  aw's  cum't  to  advise  tha', — 'at  is  ee. 
Mun,  thou  11  nobbetlwose  teegud  neame 

Wi'  gowlin  an'  wMngin  sea  mickle ; 
Cockswunturs  !  min  beyde  about  heame, 

An*  let  her  e'en  ga  to  auld  Nickle. 
Thy  plew-geer's  aw  Hggin  how-strow, 

An*  somebody's  stown  thee  thy  couter  ; 
Oh  faiks !  thou's  duin  little  'at  dow 

To  fash  theesel  ivver  about  her. 
Vour  Seymey  has  broken  car  stang» 

An'  mendit  it  wid  &  clgg-coaker  j 
Pump-tree's geane  aw  -wheyt  wrang, 

An'  they've  sent  for  auld  Tom  Staw&er. 
Young  filly's  dung  owe  the  lang  stee, 

An'  leam'd  peer  Andrew  the  theefcer; 
Thee  rnudder  wad  suffter't  for  tee, 

An  haw  hadn't  happ'n't  to  cleek  her. 
Thou's  spoilt  for  aw  manner  o'  wark  : 

Thou  nobbet  sits  peghan  an*  pleenan. 
Odswucke,  man !  doff  that  durty  sark, 

An'  pretha  gi'e  way  git  a  clean  an, ! 

An'  then  gow  to  Carel  wi'  me,— 

Let  her  gang  to  knock-cross  wid  her  scwornin, 
Sec  clanken  at  market  we'll  see, 

A'll  up'od  ta*  forgit  her  'or  inwornin'  J 

(2)  Song,  by  Miss  Rlamire. 
What  ails  this  heart  o'  mine  f 

What  means  this  wat'ry  e'e  ? 
"What  gars  me  ay  turn  pale  as  death 

When  I  tak*  leave  o'  thee  ? 

When  thou  art  far  awa*. 

Thou'll  dearer  be  to  me ; 
But  change  o*  place,  and  change  o'  fclkj 

May  gar  thy  fancy  jee, 

When  I  sit  down  at  e'en, 

Or  walk,  in  morning  air, 
lik  rustling  bough  will  seem  to  say, 

I  u&'d  to  meet  thee  there : 

Then  I'll  sit  down  and  wail, 

And  greet  aueath  a  tree, 
And  gin  a  leaf  fa'  i*  my  lap, 
Ps  ca't  a  word  frae  thee. 

I'll  hie  me  to  the  bow'r 

Where  yews  wi*  roses  tred, 
And  where,  wi*  monie  a  blushing  bud, 

I  strove  my  face  to  hide  j 

I'll  doat  on  ilka  spot. 

Where  I  ha'e  been  wi'  thee, 
And  ca*  to  mind  some  kindly  look 

'Neath.  ilka  hollow  tree, 

Wi'  sec  thoughts  i'  my  mind, 

Time  thro'  the  warl  may  gae, 
And  findme  still,  in  twenty  year* 

The  same  as  I'm  to-day  t 


XIV 


'Tis  friendship  bears  the  sway, 
Anil  keeps  Mends  i'  the  e'ej 
And  gin  I  think  I  see  the  still, 
Wha  can  part  thee  and  me  ? 


DERBYSHIRE. 

*«  This  dialect,"  observes  Dr,  Bosworth,  "is 
remarkable  for  its  broad  pronunciation.  In  me 
the  e  is  pronounced  long  and  broad,  as  mee. 
The  I  is  often  omitted  after  a  or  0,  as  aw  for  all, 
caw,  call,  bowd,  bold,  coud,  cold.  Words  in  ing 
generally  omit  the$r,  but  sometimes  it  is  changed 
into  #;  as  think  for  thing,  lomn  for  loving. 
They  use  confer  can ;  Conner  for  cannot ;  shanner 


PROVINCIAL  DIALECTS. 

the  author's  original  draught  of  the  romance. 
See  farther  in  Mr.  Black's  Catalogue,  col.  15. 

"  A  Devonshire  song"  is  printed  in  Wits  Inter- 
preter,  ed.  1671,  p.  171 5  the  "  Devonshire  ditty" 
occurs  in  the  same  work,  p.  247.  The  Exmoor 
Scolding  and  the  Exmoor  Courtship,  specimens 
of  the  broad  Devonshire  dialect  at  the  commence- 


ment of  the  last  century,  have  been  lately  repub- 
lished.  The  third  edition  was  published  at  Exeter 
in  1746,  4to.  Mr,  Marshall  has  given  a  list  of 
West  Devonshire  words  in  his  Rural  Economy 
of  the  West  of  England,  1796,  vol.  i.  pp.  323-32, 
but  the  best  yet  printed  is  that  by  Mr.  Palmer, 
appended  to  a  Dialogue  in  the  Devonshire 


for  shall  not ;  wool,  wooner  for  will,  and  will  not ;   Dialect,  8vo.  1837.     A  brief  glossary  is  also 
y°  for  you,  &c."    Lists  of  provincial  words  pe-    —  -  -^—  ™~  TH.I*™*.  Rvn.  IJWQ 


Farmer  Sennet, 
ineh  shoom  ? 

TvmmiuLide,  Becoz,  mester, 
ner  work  wee  the  tachin  at  aw 


culiarto  this  county  have  been  kindly  forwarded 
by  Dr.  Bosworth,  Thomas  Bateman,  Esq.,  the 
Rev.  Samuel  Fox,  the  Rev.  William  ShiUeto, 
Mrs.  Butler,  and  L.  Jewitt,  Esq. 

A  Dialogue  between  Farmer  Bennet  and  Tummus 

Lide. 
Turnmus,  why  dunner  yo  mend 

'tis  zo  cood,  I  con- 
I've  brockn  it  ten 

times  I'm  shur  to  de— it  freezes  zo  hard.  Why, 
Hester  hung  out  a  smock-frock  to  dry,  an  in  three 
roinits  it  wor  frozzen  as  stiff  as  a  proker,  an  I  con- 
ner  afford  to  keep  a  good  fire;  I  wish  I  cud.  I'd  soon 
mend  yore  shoon,  an  uthers  tow,  I'd  soon  yarn 
sum  munney,  I  warrant  ye.  Conner  yo  find  sum 
work  for  m',  mester,  these  hard  times  ?  I'll  doo 
onnythink  to  addle  a  penny.  I  con  thresh— I  con 
split  wood— I  con  mak  spars— I  con  thack.  I  con 
skower  a  dike,  an  I  con  trench  tow,  but  it  freezes 
20  hard.  I  con  winner  - 1  con  fother,  or  milk,  if  there 
beneedon't.  Iwoodner  minddrivin  plow  or  onnythink. 

Farmer  B.  I  banner  got  nothin  for  ye  to  doo, 
Tummus  j  "but  Mester  Boord  towd  me  jist  now  that 
they  wor  gooin  to  winner,  an  that  they  shud  want 
sumbody  to  help  'era. 

Tummus  L.  0,  I'm  glad  on't.  I'll  run  oor  an  zee 
whether  I  con  help 'em ;  bur  I  banner  bin  weein  the 
threshold  ov  Mester  Boord's  doer  for  a  nation  time, 
becoz  I  thoot  misses  didner  use  Hester  well ;  bur  I 
dunner  bear  malice,  au  zo  I'll  goo. 

Farmers-  What  did  Misses  Boord  za  or  doo  to 
Hester  then  ? 

Tnmmw  L.  Why,  Hester  may  be  wor  summut  to 
blame  too ;  for  her  wor  one  on  'em,  de  ye  zee,  that 
jawd  Skimmerton,— the  raak-gana  that  frunted  zum 
o'the  gentefook.  They  said  'twor  time  to  dun  wee 
eich  litter,  or  sich  stuff,  or  I  dunner  know  what  they 
cawdit;  but  they  wor  frunted  wee  Hester  bout  it; 
an  I  said,  if  they  -wor  frunted  wee  Hester,  they  mid 
bee  frunted  wee  mee.  This  set  misses's  back  up,  an 
Hester  harmer  bin  a  charrin  there  sin.  But  'tis  no 
use  to  bear  malice :  an  zo  I'll  goo  oor,  and  zee  which 
we  the  winde  blows. 

Eotworth's  Anglo-Saxon  Dictionary >  Introd.  p.  31 , 

DEVONSHIRE. 

The  MS.  Ashmole  33  contains  an  early  ro- 
mance, written  about  the  year  1377,  which 
appears  to  have  been  composed  by  a  clergyman 
living  in  the  diocese  of  Exeter.  Several  extracts 
from  it  will  be  found  in  the  following  pages. 
The  MS.  possesses  great  interest,  having  part  of 


added  to  the  Devonshire  Dialogue, 


1839. 


My  principal  guide,  however,  for  the  dialectical 
words  of  this  county  is  a  large  MS,  collection 
stated  in  Mr.  Thomas  Bodd's  Catalogue  of  MSS. 
for  1845  (No.  276)  to  have  been  written  by  Dr. 
Milles,  Dean  of  Exeter,  and  quoted  in  this  work 
as  Dean  Milles'  MS.  I  have  been  since  informed 
that  it  was  compiled  by  the  late  llev.  Richard 
Hole,  but  in  either  case  its  integrity  and  value 
are  undoubted.  Notes  of  Devonshire  words 
have  been  kindly  transmitted  by  the  Rev.  John 
Wilkinson,  J.  H.  James,  Esq.,  William  Chappell, 
Esq.,  Mrs.  Lovell,  and  Mr.  J.  Metcalfe.  The 
West  Country  dialect  is  now  spoken  in  greater 
purity  in  Devonshire  than  in  any  other  couniy. 
The  following  remarks  on  the  English  dialects 
are  taken  from  Aubrey's  Natural  History  of 
Wiltshire,  a  MS.  preserved  in  the  library  of  the 
Royal  Society  : 

The  Northern  parts  of  England  spcake  guttu- 
rally  ;  and  in  Yorkshire  and  the  bishofirick  of  Dur- 
ham they  havemore  of  [\\ecadenee,  or  Scottish  tone 
than  they  have  at  Edinborough  i  in  like  manner,  in 
Herefordshire  they  have  more  of  the  Welch  cadence 
than  they  have  in  Wales.  The  Westerns  people  can- 
not open  their  mouthes  to  speak  ora  rotmido.  Wee  pro- 
nounce paal}  pale,  &c.,  and  especially  in  Devonshire. 
The  Exeter  Coll.  men  in  disputation*,  when  they 
allege  Causa  Cawae  eat  Cauait  Cau*attt  they  pronounce 
it,  Caza,  Cazat  est  Caxa  Cazati  very  uri-gracofully. 
Now  econtra  the  French  and  Italians  doe  naturally 
pronounce  a  fully  ore  rotundo,  and  e,  and  even  chil- 
dren of  French  born  In  England  ;  and  the  farther 
you  goe  South  the  more  fully,  qd.  NB.  This  must 
proceed  fiom  the  earth  or  aire,  or  both.  One  m«iy 
observe,  that  the  speech  (twang  or  accent—  adiantust) 
of  ye  vulgar  begins  to  alter  some  thing  toward*  the 
Herefordshire  manner  even  at  Cyrene**ter.  Mr. 
Thorn.  Hobbs  told  me,  that  Sir  Charles  Cavendbti 
did  say,  that  the  Grcckes  doe  slug  their  words  (as 
the  Hereff.  doe  in  some  degree).  From  hence  arose 
the  accents,  not  used  by  the  ancients.  1  have  a. 
conceit,  that  the  Britons  of  the  South  part  of  thl*  I4e, 
e.  g.  the  Tri&obantes,  5zc.,  did  speak  no  moreguttu- 
rall,  or  twangmgs,  than  the  inhabitants  doe  now. 
The  tone,  accent,  Ac.,  depends  on  the  temper  of  th« 
earth  (and  so  to  plants)  and  aire. 

(1)  A  lovers'  Dialogue. 

Rab.  1  love  dearly,  Bet,  to  hear  the  tell  }  but»g«K»4 
loving  now,  let's  tell  o'zumrnet  else.  Time  *Jip* 
away. 

Set.  I,  fegs,  that  it  dlth.    I  warai»  our  vakct  wan- 
der what  the  godger'*  n  come  o'me,    I'll  drive 
I  wi»h  thee  good  neart. 


ENGLISH  PHOVINCIA1  DIALECTS. 


Rab.  Why  there  now.  Oh,  Bet !  you  guess  what 
I  ha  to  tell  about,  and  you  warnt  hear  me. 

Bat.  I,  say  so,  co ; — a  fiddle-de-dee— blind  marcs. 

R«6.  There  agen  !— did  ever  any  boddy  hear  the 
like  ?  Well,  soce,  what  be  I  to  do  ? 

Bet.  I  wish,  Rab,  you'd  leave  vetting  me.  Pithee, 
let's  here  no  mote  o'at. 

Rab.  Woll,  I  zee  how  'tis.  You'll  be  the  death 
o'me,  that's  a  zure  thing. 

Bet.  Dear  hart,  how  you  tell  J  I  the  death  o' 
thee !— no,  not  vor  the  world,  Rab.  Why  I'd  ne'er 
the  heart  to  hurt  thee  nor  any  kindest  thing  in  all 
my  born  days.  What  whimzies  you  have  J  Why  do 
ye  put  yourself  in  such  a  pucker  ? 

Rab.  Why,  because  the  minnet  I  go  about  to 
break  my  meend,  whip  soce,  you  be  a-go,  and  than  I 
coud  bite  my  tongue. 

Set.  Why  than  will  you  veass  me  away  when  you 
know  I  can't  abide  to  hear  o'at  I  Good-now,  don't'ee 
zay  no  more  about  et.  Us  have  always  been  good 
friends — let  us  bide  so. 

Sab.  I've  now  began,  and  I  want  let  thee  go  till 
thee  hast  a-heard  me  out. 

Set.  Well,  I  woll*  butdon't'ee  cream  my  hand  20. 

Hob.  I  don't  know  what  I  do  nor  what  I  zay ;  — 
many  many  nearts  I  ha'n't  a  teen'd  my  eyes  vor 
thinking  o'thee.  I  can't  live  so,  *tia  never  the  neer 
to  tell  o'at ;  and  I  must  make  an  end  o'at  wan  way 
or  t'other.  I  be  bent  upon't ;  therefore  don't  stand 
shilly-shally,  but  lookeedezee,  iv  thee disn't  zay  thee 
wid  ha  me,  bevore  thicca  cloud  hath  heal'd  every 
sheen  o*  the  moon,  zure  an  double-zure  I'll  ne'er 
ax  thee  agen,  but  go  a  soger  and  never  zee  home 
no  more.  Lock!  lock  !  ray  precious,  what  dist  cry  vor? 

Bet.  I  be  a  cruel  moody-hearted  tiresome  body  ; 
and  you  scare  wan,  you  do  zo.  I'm  in  a  sad  quan- 
dory.  Iv  I  zay  is,  I  may  be  sorry  ;  and  if  I  zay  no, 
I  may  be  sorry  too,  zimniet.  I  hop  jou  wida't  use 
me  badly. 

Rab.  Dist  think,  my  sweeting,  I  shall  e'er  be 
maz'd  anew  to  claw  out  my  own  eyes  ?  and  thee  art 
dearer  to  me  than  they  be. 

Se^  Hold  not  so  breach  now,  but  hear  first  what 
I've  to  zay.  You  must  know,  Rab,  the  leet  money 
I've  a  croop'd  up  I  be  a  shirked  out  o*,  but  'twill 
never  goodee  way  an.  I'll  tell  thee  how  I  was 
«  "need. 

Rab.  Good-now,  lovey,  don'tee  think  o'at.  We 
hhall  fadgee  and  find  without  et.  I  can  work,  and 
will  work,  an  all  my  carking  and  caring  will  be  for 
thee,  and  everything  shall  bee  as  thee  woud  ha'ec. 
Thee  shaE  do  what  thee  wid. 

Bet.  I  say  so  too.  Co,  co,  Rab,  how  you  tell  I 
Why,pithee,  don't'ee  think.  I  be  such  a  nmny-ham- 
mer  as  to  desire  et.  If 'tis  ordained  1  shah  ha  thee, 
ril  do  my  best  to  make  tha  a  gude  wife.  I  don't 
want  to  be  cocker'd.  Hark  I  hark  1  don't  I  hear  the 
bell  lowering  for  aight  ?~'ds,  as  I  live.  I  shall  ha 
et  whan  I  get  home* 

Rab.  If  I  let  thee  go  now,  will  meet  me  agen  to- 
morrow evening  in  the  dimmet  ? 

Eat.  No.  To-morrow  morning  at  milking  time 
I  woll. 

Rab.  Sure. 

Bet.  Sure  and  sure.     So  I  wish  thee  good  neart. 

Rab.  Neart,  neart,  my  sweeting  1 

(2)  John  Chawtacon  and  Ms  wjfe  Moll,  cum  up 
t> Exeter  to  zee  the  railway  opened.  May  1, 1844. 

'<  Lot  Johnny  1  lor  Johnny !  now  what  Ivver  es  that, 
A  urning  along  like  a  hoss  upon  wheels  ? 

'Tis  as  bright  as  y er  buttons,  and  black  as  yer  hat, 
And  jist  listen,  Johnny,  and  yer  ho*  'a  squeal*  r 


"  Dash  my  buttons,  Moll— I'll  be  darn'd  if  I  know  \ 
TJs  was  vools  to  come  yerr  and  to  urn  into  danger  , 
Let's  be  off — 'a  spits  vire  !  lor,  do  let  us  go 

And  'a  holds  up  his  head  like  a  gooze  at  a  stranger, 
"  I  be  a  bit  vrighten'd — but  let  us  bide  yerr ; 

And  hark  how  'a  puffs,  and  'a  caughs,  and  'a  blows  i 
He  edden  unlike  the  old  cart-hoss  last  yer — 

Broken-winded;— and  yet  only  zee  how  'a  goes  i 
"  *A  urns  upon  ladders,  with  they  things  like  wheela, 
Or  hurdles,  or  palings,  put  down  on  the  ground , 
But  why  do  they  let  'un  stray  out  of  the  veels  ? 

"TIs  a  wonder  they  don't  clap  'un  into  the  pound." 
"  'A  can't  be  alive,  Jan— I  don't  think  'a  can." 

« I  baln't  zure  o'  that,  Moll,  for  jist  look'ee  how 
'A  breathes  like  a  hoss,  or  a  znivell'd  old  man : — 

And  hark  how  he's  bust  out  a  caughing,  good  now. 
*'  'A  never  could  dra'  all  they  waggins,  d'ee  zee, 

If  a  lived  upon  vatches,  or  tunnels,  or  hay ; 
Why,  they  waggins  be  vill'd  up  with  people— they  be; 

And  do  'ee  but  look  how  they'm  larfin  away  \ 
"And  look  to  they  childera  a  urning  about, 

Wi' their  mouths  vuli  of. gingerbread,  there  by  the 

zhows ; 
And  zee  to  the  scores  of  vine  ladies  turn'd  out ; 

And  gentlemen,  all  in  their  best  Zunday  clothes. 
"And  look  to  this  houze  made  o'  canvas  zo  zmart  ; 

And  the  dinner  zet  out  with  such  bussle  and  fuss  ; — 
But  us  brought  a  squab  pie,  you  know,  in  the  cart, 

And  a  keg  of  good  zider— zo  that's  nort  to  us. 
"  I  tell  'ee  what  'tis,  Moll — this  here  is  my  mind, 

The  world's  gone'quite  maze,  as  zure  as  you'm  born ; 
'Tis  as  true  as  I'm  living—and  that  they  will  vind, 

With  their  bosses  on  wheels  that  dou't  live  upon  corn. 
"  I  wouldn't  go  homeward  b'mbye  to  the  varra 

Behind  such  a  critter,  when  all's  zed  and  dun, 
We've  a  travell'd  score  miles,  but  we"nevcr  got  harm, 

Vor  there's  nort  like  a  market  cart  under  the  zun." 

DORSETSHIRE, 

"  The  rustic  dialect  of  Dorsetshire,"  observes 
Mr.  Barnes,  "  is,  "with  little  variation,  that  of 
most  of  the  Western  parts  of  England,  which 
were  included  in  the  kingdom  of  the  WestSaxons, 
the  counties  of  Surrey,  Hants,  Berks,  Wilts,  and 
Dorset,  and  parts  of  Somerset  and  Devon,"  The 
Dorset  dialect,  however,  has  essential  features 
of  that  of  the  "Western,  counties  which  are  not 
heard  in  Surrey  or  Hants,  as  will  be  sufficiently 
apparent  from  the  specimens  here  given.  Th€ 
language  of  the  south-east  part  of  Dorsetshire 
is  more  nearly  allied  to  that  of  Hants. 

"  In  the  town  of  Poole,"  according  to  Dr. 
Salter,  "  there  is  a  small  part  which  appears  to 
be  inhabited  by  a  peculiar  race  of  people,  who 
are,  and  probably  long  have  been,  the  fishing 
population  of  the  neighbourhood.  Their  man- 
ner of  speaking  is  totally  different  from  that  of 
the  neighbouring  rustics.  They  have  a  great 
predilection  for  changing  all  the  vowels  into 
short  Mousing  it  in  the  second  person,but  without 
a  pronoun,  and  suppressing  syllables,  e.  g.  ca&'n 
car't,  can  you  not  carry  it,  &c."  Mr.  Veraon, 
in  remarking  upon  these  facts,  observes,  "  the 
language  of  our  seamen  in  general  is  well  worth 
a  close  investigation,  as  it  certainly  contains  not 
a  few  archaisms  ;  but  the  subject  requires  time 
and  patience,  for  in  the  mouths  of  those  who 


XVI 


ENGLISH  PROVINCIAL  DIALECTS, 


call  the  Bellerophon  and  the  Ville  de  Milan,  th 
J?z'%  Ruffian  and  the  Wheel-em-along,  there  i 
nothing 

"  But  doth  suffer  a  sea-change 

Into  something  new  and  strange." 

This  must  be  received  with  some  limitation,  an 

perhaps  applies  almost  entirely  to  difficult  mo 

dern  terms  not  easily  intelligible  to  the  unedu 

cated.     Many  of  the  principal  English  nautical 

terms  have  remained  unchanged  for  centuries. 

Valuable  lists  of  Dorsetshire  words  have  bee: 

liberally  sent  me  by  the  Rev.  C.  W.  Bingham 

James  "Davidson,  Esq.,  Samuel  Bagster,  Esq. 

Dr.  S alter,  and  G.  Gollop,  Esq. ;  but  my  prin 

cipal  references  have  been  made  to  the  glossary 

attached  by  Mr.  Barnes  to  his  "  Poems  of  Rura 

Life  in  the  Dorset  Dialect,"  8vo.  1844.     Th 

same  work  contains  a  dissertation  on  the  dialect 

with  an  account  of  its  peculiar  features.     Th 

change  of  o  into  a,  so  common  in  Dorsetshire 

completely  disappears  as  we  proceed  in  awesterly 

direction  towards  Worcestershire. 

(1)  A  Letter  from  a  Parish  Cleric  in  Dorsetshm 

to   an  absent  Vicar,  in  the  Dialect  of  the 

County.     From  *  Poems  on  several  Occasions 

formerly  written  by  John  Free,  D.D./  8vo 

Lond.  1757,  p.  81. 

Measter,  an't  please  you,  T  do  zend 

Theaz  letter  to  you  as  a  vriend, 

Hoping  you'll  pardon  the  inditing, 

Becaz  I  am  not  us'd  to  writing, 

And  that  you  will  not  take  unkind 

A  word  or  zo  from  poor  George  Hind, 

For  I  am  always  in  the  way, 

And  needs  must  hear  what  people  2ay. 

First  of  the  house  they  make  a  joke, 

And  zay  thechiranies  never  smoak. 

Now  the  occasion  of  these  jests, 

As  I  do  think,  where  zwallows  nests, 

That  chanc'd  the  other  day  to  vaal 

Into  the  parlour,  zut  and  aal. 

Beaide,  the  people  not  a  few 

Begin  to  murmur  much  at  you, 

For  leaving  of  them  in  the  lurch, 

And  letting  straingers  zerve  the  church, 

Who  are  in  haste  to  go  agen, 

Zo,  we  ha'nt  zang  the  Lord  knows  when. 

And  for  their  preaching,  I  do  know 

As  well  as  moost,  'tis  but  zo,  zo. 

Zure  if  the  call  you  had  were  right, 

You  ne'er  could  thus  your  neighbours  slight. 

But  I  do  fear  you've  zet  your  aim  on 

Naught  in  the  world  but  vilthy  mammon,  &c. 

(2)  Axen  Maidens  to  goo  to  Fiair. 
To-marra  work  so  hard's  ya  can, 
An*  git  yer  jobs  up  under  han*, 
Var  Dick,  an'  I,  an'  Poll's  young  man 

Begwain  to  flair;  an*  zoo 
If  you'll  tiake  hold  ov  each  a  yarm 
Along  the  road  ar  in  the  zwarm 
O'  vo'ke,  we'll  kip  ye  out  o'harm, 

An*  gi  ye  a  fiairen  too. 
We  woon't  stay  liate  ther ;  I'll  be  boun' 
We'll  bring  our  shiadesback  out  o'  town 
Zome  woys  avore  the  zun  is  down, 

So  long's  the  sky  is  clear ; 
An'  zoo,  when  al  yer  work's  a-done, 
Yer  mother  cant  but  let  ye  run 
An*  zee  a  little  o'  the  fun 

Wher  nothln  is  to  fear. 


The  zun  ha'  flow'rs  to  love  his  light, 
The  moon  ha'  sparklen  biooks  at  night, 
The  trees  da  like  the  pluysome  flight 

Ov  aver  vrom  the  west. 
Let  zome  like  empty  sounds  to  mock 
Therluonesome  vaice  by  hill  or  rock, 
But  merry  chaps  da  like  t'  unlock 

Ther  hearts  to  maidens  best 
Zoo  you  git  ready  now,  d'ye  hear  ? 
Therms  nar  another  fiair  so  nenr, 
AH*  thiese  don't  come  but  twice  a  year, 

An'  you  woon't  vind  us  spiaren. 
We'll  goo  to  al  the  zights  an'  shows, 
O'  tumblers  wi*  ther  spangled  cloa's, 
An'  conjurers  wi'  cunnen  blows, 

An'  raffle  var  a  fiairen. 

(3)  The  Woodlands. 

0  spread  agen  your  leaves  an'  ffow'rs, 
Luonesome  woodlands  !  zunny  woodlarutt 

Hare  underneath  the  dewy  show'rs 

O'  warm-air'd  spring-time,  zunny  woodlands 
As  when,  in  drong  ar  oben  groun', 
Wi'  happy  buoyish  heart  I  voun* 
Thetwitt'ren  birds  a-builden  n  un* 

Vour  high-bough'd  hedges,  zunny  woodlandi 
Ya.  gie'd  me  life,  ya  gie'd  me  jay, 

Luonesome  woodlands  1  zunny  woodland*  I 
Ya  gie'd  me  health  as  in  my  pliy 

1  rambled  droo  ye,  zunny  woodlands  ! 
Ya  gie'd  me  freedom  var  to  rove 

In  airy  mead,  arshiady  grove; 
Ya  gie'd  me  smilen  Fanny's  love, 

The  best  ov  all  o't,  zunny  woodlands 
My  vust  shill  skylark  whiver'd  high, 

Luonesome  woodlands  !  zunny  woodlands  ' 
To  zing  below  your  deep-blue  sky, 

An'  white  spring-clouds,  O  zunny  woodland* ' 
An*  boughs  o'  trees  th.it  oonce  stood  here, 
Wer  glossy  green  the  happy  year 
That  gie'd  me  oon  I  lov'd  so  dear, 

An'  now  ha  lost,  O  zunny  woodlands  t 
O  let  me  rove  agen  unspied, 

Luonesome  woodlands  I  zunny  xvoodlauds .' 
Along  your  green-bough'd  hedge*'  zule, 
As  then  I  rambled,  zunny  woo-! lands  ! 
An'  wher  the  miss<!-n  trees  oonce  stood, 
Ar  tongues  oonce  rung  among  the  wood, 
My  memory  shall  miake  em  good, 

Though  you've  alost  em,  zunny  woodlands » 

(4)  The  WeepenLiady. 
When  liate  o' night*,  upon  the  green, 
By  thik  wold  house,  the  moon  da  sheen, 
A  liady  there,  a-hangen  low 
Her  head's  a-wak-en  to  an*  fro 
In  robes  so  white's  the  driven  snow ; 

WT  oon  yarm  down,  while  0011  <la  rest 

Al  lily-white  upon  the  breast 
O  f/iik  poor  weepen  JJady. 
The  curdlen  win*  an'  whislen  squall 
Do  shiake  the  ivy  by  the  wall, 
An*  miake  the  plyen  tree-tops  rock, 
But  never  ruffle  her  white  frock, 
An'  slammen  door  an'  rottlen  lock 

That  in  thik  empty  house  da  sound, 

Da  never  seem  to  miake  look  round 

2Vak  downcast  weepen  liaday, 
A  liaday,  as  the  tiale  da  goo, 
That  oonce  Hv'd  there,  an'  lovM  too  true. 
Wer  by  a  young  man  cast  azide 
A  mother  sad,  but  not  a  bride ; 
An*  then  her  father  in  his  prid© 


ENGLISH  PROVINCIAL  DIALECTS. 


An'  anger  offer' d  oon  o'  two 
Vull  bitter  tilings  to  undergoo 
To  tJi'ik  poor  weepen  liady. 
That  she  herzuf  should  leave  his  door, 
To  darken  it  again  noo  muore, 
Ar  that  her  little  playsome  chile, 
A-zent  awoy  a  thousand  mile, 
Should  never  meet  her  eyes  to  smile, 
An'  play  again,  till  she  in  shiame 
Should  die  an'  leave  a  tarnish'd  niame, 

A  sad  varsiaken  liady. 
•«  Let  me  be  lost,"  she  cried,  *«  the  while, 
I  do  but  know  var  my  poor  chile ;" 
An'  left  the  huome  ov  alher  piide, 
To  wander  droo  the  wordle  wide, 
Wi'  grief  that  vew  but  she  ha'  tried, 
An*  lik'  a  flow'r  a  blow  ha*  broke, 
She  wither'd  wi' t Aik  deadly  stroke, 

An'  died  a  weepen  liady. 
An*  she  da  keep  a-comen  on, 
To  zee  thik  fattier  dead  an*  gone, 
As  if  her  soul  could  have  noo  rest 
Avore  her  teary  chiak's  a-prest 
By  his  vargiv-en  kiss :  zoo  blest 
Be  they  that  can  but  live  in  love, 
An'  vine  a  pliace  o*  rest  above, 
Unlik'  the  weepen  liady. 

DURHAM. 

The  Durham  dialect  is  the  same  as  that  spoken 
in  Northumberland  and  the  North  Riding  of 
Yorkshire,  the  former  being  more  like  Scotch, 
and  the  latter  more  like  English,  but  each  in  a 
very  slight  degree.  The  Durham  pronunciation, 
though  soft,  is  monotonous  and  drawling.  See 
the  <  Quarterly  Review'  for  Feb.  1836,  p.  358. 

No  glossary  of  Durham  words  has  yet  ap- 
peared, but  Kennett  has  recorded  a  considerable 
number  in  his  MS.  Glossary.  I  have  been  en- 
abled to  add  many  unknown  to  that  author, 
derived  from  communications  by  the  Rev.  R. 
Douglas,  George  B.  Richardson,  Esq.,  Miss 
Portus,  E.  T.  Warburton,  Esq.,  and  Mr.  S.  Ward. 

If  the  following  anecdote  be  true,  Southern 
English  is  but  little  known  amongst  some  of 
the  lower  orders  in  Durham : 

*'  John,"  said  a  master  tanner  in  South  Durham, 
the  other  day,  to  one  of  his  men,  "  bring  in  some 
fuel."  John  walked  off,  revolving  the  word  in  his 
mind,  and  returned  with  a  pitchfork !  "  I  don't 
want  that,"  said  the  wondering  tanner  j  « I  want  fuel, 
John."  «'  Beg  your  pardon,"  replied  the  man,  «  I 
thought  you  wanted  something  to  turn  over  the  skins.*' 
And  off  he  went  again,  not  a  whit  the  wiser,  but 
ashamed  to  confess  his  ignorance.  Much  meditating, 
he  next  pitched  upon  the  besom,  shouldering  which, 
he  returned  to  the  counting-house.  His  master  was 
now  in  a  passion.  "  What  a  stupid  ass  you  are,  John," 
he  exclaimed }  *'  I  want  sajae  sticks  aud  shavings  to 
light  the  fire."  '*  O-h-h-h  1"  rejoined  the  rustic,  «  that's 
what  you  want,  is  it  ?"  Why  couldn't  you  say  so  at 
first,  master,  instead  of  using  a  London  dictionary 
word  ?"  And,  wishful  to  show  that  he  was  not  alone 
In  his  ignorance,  he  called  a  comrade  to  the  tanner's 
presence,  and  asked  him  If  he  knew  what  "  fuel"  was. 
"  Aye  I"  answered  Joe,  ««  ducks  an'  geese,  and  sike 
Jke  V'—Gateshead  Observer. 

ESSEX. 

The  dialect  of  Essex  is  closely  allied  in  some 
parts  of  the  county  to  that  of  Kent,  and  in 
others  to4hat-of  Suffolk;  though  generally  not 


so  broad,  nor  spoken  with  the  strong  Suffolk 
whining  tone.  Mr.  Charles  Clark  has  given  a 
glossary  of  Essex  words  at  the  end  of  '  John 
Noakes  and  Mary  Styles,  or  an  Essex  Calf  s 
Visit  to  Tiptree  Races/  8vo.  1839,  and  I  am  in. 
debted  for  many  others  to  the  kindness  of  the 
Rev.  W.  Pridden  and  Mr.  Edward  T.  Hill.  A 
list  of  Essex  words  is  given  in  the  Monthly 
Magazine  for  July,  1814,  pp.  498-9. 

(1)  From  a  Poem  of  the  fifteenth  century,  ly  the 

Vicar  of  Maldon. 

Therfor,  my  leffe  chyld,  I  schalle  teche  the, 
Herken  me  welle  the  maner  and  the  gyse, 
How  thi  sowle  inward  schalle  aqueymyd  be 
With  thewis  good  and  vertw  in  alle  wysse ; 
Rede  and  conseyve,  for  he  is  to  dispice, 
That  redyth  ay,  and  noot  what  is  ment, 
Suche  redyng  is  not  but  wynde  despent. 
Pray  thi  God  and  prayse  hym  with  alle  thi  hart, 
Fadir  and  modyr  have  in  reverence, 
Love  hem  welle,  and  be  thou  never  to  smert 
To  her  mennys  consayle,  but  kepe  the  thens, 
Tylle  thu  be  clepid  be  clene  wlthowjt  offence  : 
Salyw  gladly  to  hym  that  is  moor  dygne 
Than  art  thiselfe,  thu  schalt  thi  plase  resygne. 
Drede  thi  mayster,  thy  thynge  loke  thu  kepe, 
Take  hede  to  thy  housold,  ay  love  thy  wyff, 
Plesaunte  wordes  oujt  of  thi  mowth  schalle  crepe ; 
Be  not  irous,  kepe  thi  behest  os  lyff, 
Be  tempryd,  wyjte,  and  non  excessyff ; 
Thy  wyves  wordes  make  thu  noon  actorite", 
In  folisclepe  no  moor  thanue  nedyth  the. 

MS.  Har/.27l|f.  26- 

(2)  Coct-a+Bevb  Hill. 
At  Tottura's  Cock-a-Bevis  Hill, 

A  sput  suppass'd  by  few, 
Where  toddlers  ollis  haut  to  eye 

The  proper  pritty  wiew ; 
Where  people  crake  so  ov  the  place, 

Leas-ways,  so  I've  hard  say ; 
An'  frum  its  top  yow,  sarteny, 

Can  see  a  monsus  way. 
'Bout  this  oad  Hill,  I  warrant  ya, 

Their  bog  it  nuver  ceases } 
They'd  growl  shud  yow  nut  own  that  it 

Beats  Danbury's  auf  to  pieces. 
But  no  sense  ov  a  place,  some  think, 

Is  this  here  hill  so  high,-— 
Cos  there,  full  oft,  'tis  nation  coad, 

But  that  don't  argufy. 
Yit,  if  they  their  inquirations  maake 

In  winter  time,  some  will 
Condemn  that  place  as  no  great  shakes, 

Where  folks  ha'  the  coad-chiU  ! 
As  sum'dy,  'haps,  when  nigh  the  sput, 

May  ha'  a  wish  to  see't,— 
From  Mauldontoun  to  Keldon'tis, 

An*  'gin  a  four  releet, 
Where  up  the  road  the  load  it  goos 

So  lugsome  an'  so  stiff, 
That  bosses  mosly  kitcha  whop, 

Frum  drivers  in  a  tiff. 
But  who'd  pay  a  boss  when  tugging  on  ? 

None  bu  t  a  tetchy  elf : 
Tis  right  on  plain  etch  chap  desarve* 

A  clumsy  thump  himself. 
Haul'd  o'er  the  coals,  sieh  fellars  e'er 

Shud  be,  by  Martin's  Act ; 
But,  then,  they're  rayther  muggy  oft,  • 

So  with  um  we're  not  zact* 


ENGLISH  PHOTTNCIA.L  DIALECTS, 


But  thussins,  'haps,  to  let  um  oaf 

Is  wrong,  becos  etch  carter, 
If  maade  to  smart,  his  P's  and  Q's 

He'd  mine  for  ever  arter. 
At  Cock-a-Bevis  Hill,  too,  the 

Wiseacres  show  a  tree, 
Which  if  yow  clamber  up,  besure, 

A  precious  way  yow  see. 
I  dorn't  think  I  cud  clime  it  now, 

Aldoe  I  uster  cud ; 
I  shudn't  warsley  loike  to  troy, 

For  guelch  cum  down  I  shud, 
My  head  'oodswim,— I  'oodn't  do'it 

Nut  even  for  a  guinea : 
A  naarbour  ax'cl  me,  tother  day, 

"  Naa,  naa/'  says  I,  " nut  quinny." 
At  Cock-a-Bevis  Hill,  I  was 

A-goon  to  tell  the  folks, 
Some  warses  back— when  I  bargun— 

In  peace  there  lived  John  Noakes. 

GLOUCESTERSHIRE. 
It  has  been  already  remarked  that  the  orga- 
nic  forms  of  the  Gloucestershire  dialect  have 
remained  unchanged  for  centuries,  and  are  to  be 
traced  in  Robert  of  Gloucester's  Chronicle. 
Many  Anglo-Saxon  words  are  here  preserved  in 
great  purity.  "  He  geunne  it  him,"  he  gave  it 
him,  the  verb  geunne  being  in  genera]  use 
amongst  the  peasantry.  The  dialect  is  more 
similar  to  that  of  Somersetshire  than  of  the 
adjoining  counties,  though  not  so  strongly 
marked  as  a  Western  dialect.  They  change  o 
into  a,  s  into  z,/into  v,  t  into  d,  p  into  £,  short 
a  into  i  or  aoy,  long  e  into  eea,  long  i  into  ey, 
long  o  into  ooa.  The  A.-S.  termination  en  is 
still  preserved ;  thee  is  used  for  thou  and  you  ; 
thilk  is  in  constant  use ;  her  is  put  for  she,  she 
for  her,  /for  me,  and  ou  for  he,  she,  or  it.  Com- 
munications of  Gloucestershire  words  have  been 
received  from  the  Rev.  H.  T.  EUacombe,  Miss 
Shipton,  and  Mr.  E.Wright. 

George  Ridler's  Oven. 
Thestwons  that  built  George  Rtdler's  oven, 

And  thauy  qeum  from  the  Bleakeney's  quaar; 
And  George  he  .wur  a  jolly  old  mon, 

And  his  yead  it  graw'd  above  his  yaw. 
One  thing  of  George  Ridler  I  must  commend, 

And  that  war  not  a  notable  theng  j 
He  mead  his  braags  avooie  he  died, 

Wi'  any  dree  brothers  his  zons  zs'hou'd  zeng. 
There  s  Dick  the  treble  and  John  the  mean, 

Let  every  mon  zing  in  his  auwn  pleace ; 
And  George  he  wur  the  elder  brother, 

And  therevoore  he  would  zing  the  beass, 
Mine  hostess's  moid  (and  her  neaum  'twur  Nell) 

A  pretty  wench,  and  I  lov'd  her  well  \ 
I  lov'd  her  well,  good  reauzon  why, 

Because  zshe  lov'd  my  dog  and  I. 
My  dog  is  good  to  catch  a  hen, 

A  duck,  or  goose  is  vood  for  men ; 
And  where  good  company  I  spy, 

O  thether  gwoes  my  dog  and  I. 
My  mwother  told  I  when  J  wur  young, 

-If  I  did  vollow  the  strong-Leer  pwoot ; 
That  drenk  would  pruv  my  auverdrow, 

Arid  meauk  me  wear  a  thzread-bare  c  woat 


I     My  dog  has  gotten  zltch  a  trick, 

To  visit  rnoids  when  thauy  be  sick  j 
When  thauy  bezick  and  like  to  die, 

O  thether  gwoes  my  dog  and  I. 
When  I  have  dree  zispences  under  my  thumb, 

O  then  I  be  welcome  wherever  J  come ; 
But  when  I  have  none,  O  then  J  pass  by, 

'Tis  poverty  pearts  good  company. 
If  I  should  die,  as  it  may  hap, 

My  greauve  shall  be  under  the  good  yeal  tap, 
In  vouled  earins  there  wool  us  lie, 

Cheek  by  jowl  my  dog  and  I  « 

HAMPSHIRE. 

The  romance  of  Octovian,  according  to  Mr. 
D'Israeli,  "  is  in  the  Hampshire  dialect  nearly 
as  it  is  spoken  now."  Although  somewhat 
doubtful  as  to  the  literal  correctness  of  this 
opinion,  an  extract  from  it  may  be  compared 
with  a  modern  specimen  of  the  dialect.  A  short 
glossary  of  Hampshire  words  is  given  in  Warner's 
collections  for  that  county.  The  dialect  of  the 
west  of  the  county  is  similar  to  that  of  Wiltshire, 
f  being  changed  into  v,  and  th  into  d\  and  un 
for  him,  her,  it.  It  is  a  common  saying,  that  in 
Hampshire  every  thing  is  called  he  except  a  torn- 
cat  wnich  is  called  she. 

(1)  Extract  from  the  early  romance  of  Octovian 
Imperator. 

The  knyjtys  logh  yn  the  halle. 

The  mantellys  they  yeve  menstralfi*  alle ; 

Lavor  aud  basyn  they  gon  calle 

To  wassche  andaryse, 
And  syth  to  daunce  on  the  walle 

Of  Parys. 

Whan  thesoudan  thys  tydyng  herde. 
For  ire  as  he  wer  wod  he  ferd; 
He  ran  with  a  drawe  swerde 

To  hys  mamentrye, 
And  alle  hys  goddys  ther  heamerrecle 

With  greet  envye. 
Asterot,  Jopyn,  and  Mahoun 
He  alle  to-hew  with  hys  fachoun, 
And  Jubiter  he  drew  adoiin 

Of  hys  autere ; 
He  seyde,  hy  nere  worth  a  scaloune 

Alle  y-fere. 

Tho  he  hadde  hys  goddys  y-bete, 
He  was  abated  of  alle  hys  hete. 
To  sende  hys  semlya  nolde  he  najt  lete, 

Tho  anoonryjt, 
To  Babylonye  after  lordos  grete 

To  help  hym  fyjt. 

MS.  Cott.  CaHg.  A.  II.  f.  St. 

A  Letter  to  the  Editor  of  the  Times,  from  a  poor 
Man  at  Andover,  on  the  Union  Workhouse* 

Sir,— -Hunger,  as  I've  heerd  say,  breaks  through 
Stone  Walls ;  but  yet  I  shodn't  have  thought  of  let- 
ting you  know  about  my  poor  Missus's  dt-ath,  but 
allwiyneibourasay  tell  it  out,  and  if  can't  doyo« 
no  harm  and  may  do  others  goad,  specially  as  Par- 
liament Is  to  meet  soon*  when  the  Gentlefoke  wlK  bo 
talking  about  the  working  foke. 

I  be  but  a  farmers  working  man,  and  was  raarrffctJ 
to  ray  Missus  26  years  agone,  and  have  three  Chtl- 
dern  living  with  me,  one  10,  another  7,  and  t'other 
3.  I  be  subject  to  bad  rumatiz,  and  never  earoi  no 
more,  as  you  may  judge,  than  to  pay  «otaod  k**^1 


ENGLISH  PROVINCIAL  DIALECTS. 


XIX 


our  bodies  and  souls  together  when  we  be  all  well. 
I  was  tended  by  Mr.  Westlake  when  he  was  Union 
Doctor,  but  when  the  Guardians  turned  him  out  it 
was  a  bad  Job  for  all  the  Poor,  and  a  precious  bad 
job  for  me  and  mine. 

Mr.  Payne  when  he  come  to  be  our  Union  Doctor 
tended  upon  me  up  to  almost  the  end  of  last  April, 
but  when  I  send  up  to  the  Union  House  as  usual, 
Mr.  Broad,  the  Relevlng  Officer,  send  back  word 
there  was  nothing  for  me,  and  Mr.  Payne  wodnt 
come  no  more.  I  was  too  bad  to  work,  and  had  not 
Vjttals  for  me,  the  Missus,  and  the  young  ones,  so  I 
was  forced  to  sell  off  the  Bed,  Bedstead,  and  furni- 
ture of  the  young  ones,  to  by  Vittals  with,  and  then 
I  and  Missus  and  the  young  ones  had  only  one  bed 
for  all  of  us.  Missus  was  very  bad,  to,  then,  but  as 
we  knowd  twere  no  use  to  ask  the  Union  for  nothink 
cept  we'd  ail  go  into  the  Workhouse,  and  which 
Missus  couldn't  a  bear,  as  she'd  bin  parted  from  the 
childern,  she  sends  down  to  tell  Mr.  Westlake  how 
bad  we  was  a  doing  off,  and  he  comes  to  us  ^directly, 
and  tends  upon  us  out  of  charity,  and  gives  Missus 
Mutton  and  things,  which  he  said,  and  we  know'd 
too  well,  she  wanted  of,  and  he  gives  this  out  of  his 
own  Pocket. 

Missus  complaint  growd  upon  her  and  she  got  so 
very  bad,  and  Mr.  Westlake  says  to  us,  I  do  think 
the  guardians  wouldn't  let  your  wife  lay  here  and 
starve,  but  would  do  something  for  you  if  they 
knowed  how  bad  you  wanted  things,  and  so,  says  he,  j 
I'll  give  you  a  Sejtificate  for  some  Mutton  and 
things,  and  you  take  it  to  Mr.  Broad,  the  releving 
officer.  Well,  I  does  this,  and  he  tells  me  that  hed 
give  it  to  the  guardians  and  let  me  know  what  they 
said.  I  sees  him  again,  and  O,  says  he,  I  gived  that 
Serttficate  to  the  Guardians,  but  they  chucked  it  a 
one  side  and  said  they  wouldnt  tend  to  no  such 
thing,  nor  give  you  nothing,  not  even  if  Missus  was 
dying,  if  you  has  anything  to  do  with  Mr,  Westlake, 
as  they  had  turned  him  off. 

I  told  my  Missus  this,  and  then  says  she  we  must 
try  to  get  their  Union  Doctor,  Mr.  Payne,  as  we  can't 
go  on  for  ever  taking  things  from  Mr.  WestJake's 
Pocket,  and  he  turned  out  of  Place,  and  so  good  to 
many  poor  folks  beeidee  us.  So  we  gets  Mr.  Payne 
after  a  bit  to  come  down ;  and  he  says  to  Missus 
you're  very  bad,  and  I  shall  order  the  Union  to  send 
you  Mutton  and  other  things.  Next  Week  Mr. 
Payne  calls  again,  and  asks  Missus  did  she  have  the 
thiugs  he'd  ordered  for  her  to  have  ?  She  says  I've 
had  a  shillings  worth  of  Mutton,  Sir.  Why,  says 
he,  you  wants  other  things  besides  Mutton,  and  I 
ordered  them  for  you  in  the  Union  Book,  and  you 
ought  to  have  them  in  your  bad  state.  This  goes  on 
for  5  or  6  weeks,  only  a  shillings  worth  of  Mutton  a 
Week  being  allowed  her,  and  then  one  Week  a  little 
Gin  was  allowed,  and  after  that  as  Missus  couldnt 
get  out  of  bed  a  Woman  was  sent  to  nurse  and  help 
her. 

I  didnt  ask  Mr.  Payne  to  order  these  ere  things, 
tho*  bad  enof  God  knows  they  was  wanted  ;  but  in 
the  first  week  in  last  November  I  was  served  with  a 
summons  to  tend  afore  our  Mayor  and  Justices  under 
the  Vagrance  Act;  I  think  they  said  twas  cause  I 
had  not  found  these  things  for  Missus  myself;  but 
the  Union  Doctor  had  ordered  em  of  the  Guardians 
on  his  sponsibility.  Well,  I  attends  afore  the 
Justices,  and  there  was  nothing  against  me,  and  so 
they  puts  it  off,  and  orders  me  to  tend  afore  em 
again  next  week,  which  I  does,  and  then  there  wasnt 
enof  for  em  to  send  me  to  Gaol,  as  the  Guardians 
wanted,  for  a  Month,  and  they  puts  it  off  again  for 
another  Week,  and  say*  I  must  come  afore  cm  again, 


and  which  I  does  j  and  they  teJts  me  theres  nothing 
proved,  that  I  could  aford  to  pay  for  the  things,  and 
I  mite  go  about  my  business. 

I  just  loses  three  days*  work,  or  pretty  handy,  by 
this,  and  that  made  bad  a  good  bit  worse.  Next  Day 
Mr.  Payne  comes  again,  and  Missus  was  so  out- 
daceous  bad,  she  says  cant  you  give  me  something 
to  do  me  good  and  ease  me  a  bit ;  says  Mr.  Payne,  I 
dont  see  you  be  much  worse.  Yes,  I  be,  says  Missus, 
and  I  wish  you'd  be  so  good  as  to  let  me  send  for 
Mr.  Westlake,  as  I  thinks  he  knows  what'd  make  me 
easier,  and  cure  the  bad  pains  I  do  suffer.  Mr.  Payne 
abused  my  Poor  Missus,  and  dared  her  to  do  any- 
thing of  that  sort,  and  so  we  were  feared  to  do  it, 
lest  I  should  be  pulled  up  again  afore  the  Justices, 
and  lose  more  days  work,  and  prhaps  get  sent  to 
Gaol.  Eight  days  after  this  Mr.  Payne  never  having 
come  nist  us,  and  the  Union  having  lowdus  nothing 
at  all,  my  poor  Missus  dies,  and  dies  from  want,  and 
in  agonies  of  pain,  and  as  bad  off  as  if  shed  been  a 
Savage,  for  she  could  only  have  died  of  want  of  them 
things  which  she  wanted  and  I  couldnt  buy  if  she'd 
been  in  a  foreign  land,  were  there  no  Parsons  and 
People  as  I've  heard  tell  be  treated  as  bad  as  dogs. 

Years  agone,  if  any  body  had  been  half  so  bad  as 
ray  Missus,  and  nobody  else  would  have  tended  to 
her,  there'd  been  the  clergyman  of  the  parish,  at  all 
events,  who'd  have  prayed  with  her,  and  seen  too 
that  she  didn't  die  of  starvation,  but  our  Parson  is 
in  favor  of  this  here  new  Law,  and  as  he  gets  601.  a. 
year  from  the  Guardians,  he  arnt  a  going  to  quarrel 
with  his  Bread  and  Cheese  for  the  likes  of  we,  and 
so  he  didnt  come  to  us.  Altho"  he  must  have  knowed 
how  ill  Missus  was ;  and  she,  poor  creature,  went 
out  of  this  here  world  without  any  Spiritual  consi- 
lation  whatsomever  from  the  Poor  Man's  Church. 

We'd  but  one  bed  as  I've  telled  you,  and  only  one 
Bedroom,  and  it  was  very  bad  to  be  all  in  the  same 
Room  and  Bed  with  poor  Missus  after  she  were 
dead  ;  and  as  I'd  no  money  to  pay  for  a  Coffin,  I 
goes  to  Mr.  Broad,  then  to  Mr.  Majer,  one  of  the 
Guardians,  and  then  to  the  overseers,  and  axes  all 
of  'em  to  find  a  Coffin,  but  'twere  no  use,  and  so, 
not  knowing  what  in  the  World  to  do,  off  I  goes  to 
tell  Mr.  Westlake  of  it,  and  he  was  soon  down  at  the 
House,  and  blamed  me  much  for  not  letting  he  know 
afore  Missus  died,  and  finding  we'd  no  food  nor  fire, 
nothing  for  a  shrowd  cept  we  could  wash  up  some- 
thing, and  that  we'd  no  soap  to  do  that  with,  he 
gives  us  something  to  get  these  ere  things,  and  tells 
me  to  go  again  to  the  Releving  Officer  and  t'others 
and  try  and  get  a  Coffin,  and  to  tell  un  Missus  ought 
to  be  burried  as  soon  as  possible,  else  t'would  make 
us  all  ill.  This  I  does  as  afore,  but  get  nothing, 
and  then  Mr.  Westlake  give  me  an  order  whereto 
get  a  Coffin,  and  il  he  had  not  stood  a  friend  tome 
and  mine,  I  can't  think  what  would  have  become  of 
em,  as  twas  sad  at  Nights  to  see  the  poor  little  things 
pretty  nigh  break  their  hearts  when  they  seed  their 
poor  dead  mother  by  their  side  upon  the  Bed. 

My  troubles  wasnt  to  end  even  here,  for  strang  to 
tell  the  Registrer  for  Deaths  for  this  District  dont 
live  in  this  the  largest  Parish  with  about  6000  inha- 
bitants, but  at  a  little  Village  of  not  more  than  400 
People  and  5  Miles  off,  so  I  had  to  walk  there  and 
back  10  miles,  which  is  very  hard  upon  ~us  poor  folk, 
and  what  is  worse  when  I  got  there  the  Registrer 
wasnt  up ;  and  when  he  got  up  he  wouldnt  tend  to  me 
afore  hed  had  his  breakfast,  and  I  was  aforced  to  wait 
about  until  hed  had  done  breakfast,  and  it  seemed  as 
'twas  a  very  Jong  time  for  a  poor  chap  like  me  to  be 
kept  a  waiting,  whilst  a  man  who  is  paid  for  doing 
what  I  wanted  won't  do  such  little  work  a»  that 


ENGLISH  PEOVINCIAL  DIALECTS. 


afore  here  made  hisself  comfortable,  tho'  I  tolled 
him  how  bad  I  wanted  to  get  back,  and  that  I  should 
loose  a  Day  by  his  keeping  me  waiting  about. 

That  this  is  mostly  the  fault  of  the  Guardians 
rather  than  anybody  else  is  my  firm  beleif,  tho'  if 
Mr.  Payne  had  done  his  duly  hed  a  been  with  Missus 
many  times  afore  she  died  and  not  have  left  her  as 
he  did,  when  he  knowed  she  was  so  bad,  and  hed  a 
made  un  give  her  what  she  wanted ;  but  then  he 
must  do,  he  says,  just  what  the  Guardians  wishes,  and 
that  arnt  to  attend  much  on  the  Poor,  arid  the  Re- 
leving  Officer  is  docked  if  what  he  gives  by  even  the 
Doctors  orders  arnt  proved  of  by  the  Guardians 
aterward,  and  he  had  to  pay  for  the  little  Gin  the 
Doctor  ordered  out  of  his  own  Pocket,  and,  as  the 
Newspaper  says,  for  the  Nurse,  as  this  was  put  in 
our  Paper  by  I'm  sure  I  don't  know  who,  but  I  be- 
lieves tis  true,  last  week. 

And  now,  Sir,  I  shall  leave  it  to  you  to  judge 
whether  the  Poor  can  be  treated  any  where  so  bad 
as  they  be  in  the  Andover  Union, 


HEREFORDSHIRE. 

The  pronoun  a  is  used  for  he,  she,  or  it.  Strong 
preterits  axe  current,  climb,  clomb,  heave,  hove, 
pick,  puck,  shake,  shuck,  squeeze,  sguoze,  &c. 
The  dialect  of  this  county  must  he  classed  as  he- 
longing  to  the  Midland  division.  The  word^'z^ 
is  used  in  rather  a  peculiar  manner.  Instead  of 
saying,  I  have  hut  just  returned,  they  say  I  re- 
turned but  just.  A  ,list  of  Herefordshire  words 
is  given  in  Duncumb's  History  of  Hereford,  and 
a  more  extended  one  has  recently  been,  sepa- 
rately published,  8vo.  1839*  I  am  indebted  for 
many  words  not  to  be  found  in  either  of  these  to 
lists  given  me  by  Sir  S.  R.  Meyrick,  T.  W.  Lane, 
Esq.,  and  Mr.  Perry. 

•}1)  From  Maximon,  a  tale  in  a  MS.  written  in 
Herefordshire  of  the  time  of  Edward  IL 
Herkne  to  my  ron, 
As  ich  ou  telle  con, 

Of  elde  al  hou  yt  gos, 
Of  a  mody  mon, 
Hihte  Maxumon, 

Soth  withoute  les. 
Clerc  he  was  ful  god, 
So  mom  mon  understod. 

Nou  herkne  hou  it  wes. 

Ys  wille  he  hevede  y-noh, 
Purpre  and  pal  he  droh, 
Ant  other  murthes  mo. 
He  wes  the  feyrest  mon, 
With-outen  Absolon, 

That  seththe  wes  ant  tho. 
Tho  laste  is  lyf  so  longe, 
That  he  bigan  unstronge, 

As  mony  tides  so. 
Him  con  rewe  sore 
Al  is  wilde  lore, 

For  elde  him  dude  so  wo ; 
So  sone  as  elde  him  com 
Ys  hoc  an  honde  he  nom, 

Ant  gan  of  reuthes  rede, 
Of  his  herte  ord 
He  made  moni  word, 

Ant  of  is  ly  ves  dede. 
He  gan  mene  is  mone ; 
80  feble  were  is  bone, 


Ys  hew  bigon  to  wede, 
So  clene  he  was  y-gon, 
That  heu  ne  hade  he  non  ; 

Ys  herte  gan  to  blede. 

Care  and  kunde  of  elde 
Maketh  mi  body  felde, 

That  y  ne  mai  stonde  upriht ; 
Ant  min  herte  unbolde, 
Ant  mi  body  to  colde, 

That  er  thou  wes  so  lyht. 
Ant  mi  body  thunne, 
Such  is  worldes  wunnc, 

This  day  me  thinketh  nyht. 

MS.  Harl.  2253,  f. , 

(2)  From  an  English  translation  of  Macer 
virtutibus  herbarum,  made  by  John  Lelamou 
scolemaister  of  Herforde,  1373. 

Mowsere  growith  lowe  by  the  grownde,  and  ber 
a  yellowe  floure.  Drinke  the  juis  with  wyne  otl 
ale,  and  anoynte  the  reynes  and  the  ba-k  with  t 
blode  of  a  fox,  for  the  stone.  Also  stampe  him  a 
mylfoly  togadyr,  and  drinke  that  juis  with  wh 
wyne,  and  that  wille  make  one  to  pisse.  Also  drin 
the  juis  with  stale  ale,  a  seke  man  that  is  wound 
and  yf  he  holdithe  that  drinke  he  shallc  lyfe,  and 
he  caste  hit  he  shalle  dye.  Also  drinke  the  juis 
this  erbe  for  the  squynancy.  MS.  Stoane  5,  f. ; 

HUNTINGDONSHIRE. 
There  seem  to  he  no  peculiarities  of  diale* 
here  which  are  not  common  to  the  adjoinir« 
county  of  Cambridgeshire.  They  say  mort  ff 
a  quantity;  a  mort  of  people,  a  mort  of  rai< 
To-year  for  this  year,  like  to-day  or  to-morrot 
Wonderful  for  very ;  his  pain  were  wonderft 
great.  To  get  himself  ready,  for  to  dress  bin 
self ;  he  is  too  weak  to  get  himself  ready.  If 
disorder  or  illness  of  any  kind  be  inquired  foi 
they  never  say  it  is  better  or  worse,  but  that' 
better,  or  that's  worse,  with  an  emphasis  on  tha, 
The  Rev.  Joseph  Homer  kindly  favoured  m< 
with  a  list  of  the  few  provincial  words  whic: 
may  be  peculiar  to  this  county. 


ISLE  OF  WIGHT. 

The  dialect  of  the  native  inhabitants  of  this 
island  differs  in  many  respects  from  the  county 
to^ which  it  is  opposite.  The  accent  is  rather 
mincing  than  broad,  and  has  little  of  the  vulgar 
character  of  the  "West  country  dialects.  The 
tendency  to  insert  y  in  the  middle  of  words  may 
be  remarked,  and  the  substitution  of  vfoi  /is 
not  uncommon  among  the  peasantry,  but  by  no 
means  general.  The  pronunciation  may  gene* 
rally  be  correctly  represented  by  the  duplication 
of  the  vowels. 

No  printed  glossary  of  Isle  of  Wight  provin- 
cialisms has  yet  appeared,  but  a  very  valuable 
one  in  MS.,  compiled  by  Captain  Henry  Smith, 
was  most  kindly  placed  at  my  disposal  by  his 
relative,  Charles  Roach  Smith,  Esq.  F.S.A.  It 
has  been  fully  used  in  the  folio  wing  pages.  Use- 
ful communications  have  also  been  received 
from  E.  J.  Vernon,  Esq.,  Dr,  Bromfield,  and 
Dr.  Salter. 


ENGLISH  PROVINCIAL  DIALECTS. 


Specimen  of  the  hie  of  Wight  dialect. 

Jan.     What's  got  there  you  ? 

Will.     A  blastnashun  straddlebob  craalun  about  in  the 

nammut  bag. 
Jan.    Straddlebob  !     "W  here  ded'st  leyarn  to  caal'nby 

that  neyam  ? 
Will.    Why,  what  shoud  e  caal'n  ?  tes  the  right  neyam 

esn  ut  ? 
Jan.     Right  neyam,  no !  why  ye  gurt  2ote  vool,  casn't 

zee  tes  a  Dumbledore? 
Will.     I  knows  tes,  but  vur  aal  that  Straddlebob's  20 

right  a  neyam  vorn  as1  Dumbledore  ez. 
Jan.     Come,  I'll  be  deyand  if  I  doant  laay  thee  a  quart 

o'  that. 
Will.     Done  I  and  I'll  ax  meyastur  to  night  when  I 

goos  whooam,  bee't  how  't  wool. 
(Accordingly  mejastur  was  applied  to  by  Will, 
who  made  his  decision  known  to  Jan  the 
next  morning.) 
Will.    I  zay,  Jan !     1  axed  meyastur  about  that  are 

last  night. 

Jan,    Well !  what  ded  'ur  zay  ? 
Will.    Why  a  zed  one  neyam  ez  jest  zo  vittun  vorn  as 

tother,  and  he  louz  a  ben  caald  Straddlebob 

ever  zunce  the  Island  was  vust  meyad, 
Jan.     The  devvul  a  hav  I  if  that's  the  keeas  I  spooas  I 

lost  the  quart. 
Will.     That  theehas't  lucky  1  and  we'll  goo  down  to 

Arverton  to  the  Red  Lion  and  drink  un  ater 

we  done  work. 

KENT. 

The  modern  Kentish  dialect  is  slightly  broad, 
indeed  more  so  than  that  of  Surrey  or  Sussex. 
Daiy,  plaiy,  waiy,  for  day,  play,  way,  &c.  They 
say  who  for  how,  and  vice  versa.  Mate,  instead 
of  boy  or  lad,  is  the  usual  address  amongst 
equals.  The  interchange  of  «  and  w  is  common 
here  as  well  as  in  the  metropolis.  As  in  most 
parts  of  England,  the  pronunciation  of  names  of 
places  differs  very  much  from  the  orthography, 
e.  g.  Sunnuck  for  Sevenoaks,  Dairnfor  Darenth, 
Leusum  for  Lewisham,  &c.  No  glossary  of 
Kentish  words  has  yet  been  published,  unless  we 
may  so  style  a  short  list  of  words  in  Lewis's 
History  and  Antiquities  of  the  Isle  of  Tenet, 
1736,  pp.  35-39,  but  I  have  received  valuable 
communications  from  the  Rev.  M.  H.  Lloyd, 
John  Brent,  Esq.,  the  Rev.  Thomas  Streatfeild, 
the  Rev.  L.  B.  Larking,  John  Pemberton  Bart- 
lett,  Esq.,  the  Rev.  Dr.  Hussey,  Thomas  Wright, 
Esq.,  Miss  Cotterell,  J.  R.  Hughes,  Esq.,  and 
A.  J.  Dunkin,  Esq.  An  early  song  in  this  dia- 
lect occurs  in  Ravenscroft's  Melismata,  1 511. 

"We  have  a  most  curious  specimen  of  the 
Kentish  dialect  of  the  fourteenth  century  (1340) 
in  the  Ayenbyte  of  Inwyt,  a  MS.  in  the  Arundel 
collection.  An  extract  from  it  will  be  found  at 
P.  801,  and  another  is  here  given.  The  change 
of/  into  V,  and  s  into  z,  are  now  generally  pecu- 
liar to  the  West  country  dialect,  but  appear  at 
this  early  period  to  have  extended  over  the 
South  of  England.  In  the  next  century,  the 
broadness  of  the  dialect  was  not  so  general.  At 
least,  a  poem  of  the  fifteenth  century,  in  a  MS. 
at  Oxford,  written  in  Kent,  is  remarkably  pure, 
although  the  author  excuses  himself  for  his 
language : 


And  though  myn  English  be  &ympillto  tnyn  entent, 
Hold  me  excusid,  for  I  was  borne  in  Kent. 

MS.  Laud,  416,  f.49. 

The  principal  peculiarity  in  this  MS.  seems  to 
consist  in  e  being  the  prefix  to  the  verb  instead 
of  i  or  y.  For  a  long  period,  however,  the  dia- 
lect of  the  Kentish  peasantry  was  strongly 
marked.  In  a  rare  tract  entitled,  "How  the 
Plowman  lerned  his  Paternoster,"  a  character  is 
thus  mentioned : 

He  was  patched,  torne,  and  all  to-rente ; 

It  semed  by  his  langage  that  he  was  borne  in  Rente. 
ReliquitB  Antiqua,  vol.  i.  p,  46. 

The  following  very  curious  passage  from 
Caxton  will  further  illustrate  this  fact : 

And  certaynly  our  langage  now  used  varyeth 
ferre  from  that  whiche  was  used  and  spoken  whan  I 
was  borne,  for  we  Englysshemen  ben  borne  under 
the  domynacyon  of  the  mone,  whiche  is  never  sted- 
faste,  but  ever  waverynge,  wexynge  one  season,  arid 
waneth  and  dyscreaseth  another  season ;  and  that 
comyn  Englysshe  that  is  spoken  in  one  shyre  varyeth 
from  another,  Insomoche  that  in  my  dayes  happened 
that  certayu  marchauntes  were  in  a  shippe  in 
Tamyse  for  to  have  sayled  over  the  see  into 
Zelande,  and  for  lacke  of  wynde,  thei  taryed  atte 
Forlond,  and  wente  to  lande  for  to  refreshe  them. 
And  one  of  theym,  named  Sheffelde,  a  mercer,  cam 
into  an  hows  and  axed  for  mete,  and  specyally  he 
axyd  after  eggys ;  and  the  goode  wyf  auswerde  that 
she  coude  speke  no  Frenshe,  and  the  marchaunt  was 
angry,  for  he  also  coude  speke  no  Frenshe,  but  wolde 
have  hadde  egges,  and  she  understode  hym  not; 
and  thenne  at  laste  another  sayd  that  he  wolde  have 
eyren.  Then  the  good  wyf  sayd  that  she  understod 
hym  wel.  Loo,  what  sholde  a  man  in  thyse  dayes 
now  wryte  egges  or  eyren  1  Certaynly  it  is  harde  to 
playse  every  man,  bycause  of  dyversite  and  chauuge 
of  langage.  Caxton's  Eneydos,  1490. 

(1)  Extract  from  the  Ayenbyte  of  Inwyt,  MS. 

Arundel  57,  ff.  86-87. 

Me  ret  ine  lives  of  holy  vaderes  thet  an  holy  man 
tealde  hou  he  com  to  by  monek,  and  zede  hou  thet 
he  heddey-by  ane  payenes  zone,  thetwes  a  prest  to 
the  momenettes.  And  tho  he  wes  a  child  on  time 
he  yede  into  the  temple  mid  'his  vader  priveliehe : 
ther  he  yzej  ane  gratne  dyevel  thet  zet  ope  ane 
vyealdinde  stole,  and  al  his  mayne  aboute  him. 
Ther  com  on  of  the  princes,  and  leat  to  him ;  tho  he 
him  aksede  the  ilke  thet  zet  ine  the  stole  huannes 
he  com,  and  he  ansuerede  thet  he  com  vram  an- 
londe  huer  he  hedde  arered  and  y-mad  manye  vwco 
and  manye  ^tinges,  zuo  thet  tnoche  vclk  wercn 
y-sslaje,  and  moche  blod  ther  y-ssed.  The  maystev 
him  acsede  ine  hou  moche  time  he  hette  thety-do, 
and  \  +.  ansuerede  ine  thritti  dajes.  He  him  zede, 
Ine  ziO  moche  time  hest  zuo  lite  y-do  ?  Tho  he 
het  thet  ha  wer  rijt  wel  y-beate,  and  evele  y-draje. 
Efter  than  com  another  thet  alsuo  to  him  leat  ase 

f  the  ver&te.  The  mayster  him  acsede  huawues  ha 
com,  He  ansuerede  thet  he  com  vram  the  ze  hurt 
be  hedde  y-mad  manye  tempestes,  vele  ssipes  to* 
broke,  and  moche  volk  adreyct.  The  maister  acsed* 
ine  hou  long  time.  He  ansuerede  ine  tuenti  da$e«. 
He  zayde,  Jne  zuo  moche  time  hesj  zuo  lite  y*do? 
Efterward  com  the  thrldde,  thet  ansuerede  thet  t* 
com  vram  ane  cite1  huer  he  hedde  y-by  at  an* 
bredale,  and  ther  he  hedde  arered  and  y-mad  cheaste* 
and  string  zuo  thet  raoche  volk  thei  were  y-slaje, 
and  ther-to  he  hedde  y-  sla^e  thane  hosebounde,  TU 


XX11 

mafeter  him  acsede  hou  long  time  he  zette  thet  vor 
to  done.  He  ansuerede  thet  ine  ten  dajes.  Tho  he 
het  thet  he  were  wel  y-byate  vor  thet  he  hedde  zuo 
longe  abide  thet  to  done  without  more.  Ate  lasten 
com  another  to-vore  the  prince,  and  to  him  he  beaj ; 
and  he  him  acsede,  huannes  comst  thou?  He 
ansuerede  thet  he  com  vram  the  errnitage  buer  he 
hedde  y -by  vourti  yer  >or  to  vo»Ji  ane  monekof 
formcacion,  thet  is  the  zenne  c*  iecherle,  and  zuo 
rnoc-he  ich  habbe  y-do  thet  ine  thise  nyjt  ich  bine 
habbe  overcome,  and  y-do  him  vahs  Into  the  zenne. 
Tho  Ihip  op  the  mayster,  and  him  feeate  and  be- 
clepte,  and  dede  the  corouneope  his  he?ed,sn  dede 
him  zittebezide  him,  and  to  him  zede  tha<.  he  hedde 
grat  thing  y-do  and  grat  prowesse.  Tho  zayde  the 
guode  man  thet  huanne  he  hedde  thet  y-hyerd  and 
thet  y-zoje,  he  thojte  thet  hit  were  grat  thing  to  by 
monek,  and  be  tho  encheysoun  he  becom  monek. 

(2)  Extract  from  MS.  Laud.  416,  written  by 

a  native  of  Kent  about  1460. 
Also  use  not  to  pley  at  the  dice  ne  at  the  tablis, 
Me  none  maner  garays  uppon  the  holidais  ; 
Use  no  tavernys  where  be  jestis  and  fablis, 
Syngyng  of  lewde  balettes,  rondelettes,  or  virolais ; 
Nor  erly  in  mornyng  to  fecche  home  fresch  mais, 
Forytmakyth  maydins  to  stomble  and  falle  in  the 

breirs, 
And  afterward  they  telle  her  councele  to  the  freirs. 

Nowy-wisyt  were  wele  done  to  know 

The  dyfference  bytwene  a  damselle  and  a  maide, 

For  alle  bene  lyke  whan  they  stond  in  a  row ; 

But  I  wylle  telle  what  experience  said, 

And  in  what  wyse  they  be  entyrid  and  araied ; 

Maydyns  were  callis  of  silk  and  of  thred, 

And  damsellis  kerchevis  pynnid  uppon  ther  hed. 

Wyffis  may  not  to  chirch  tille  they  be  entyred, 
Ebridyllidand  paytrellid,  to  shew  her  aray, 
And  fetyd  alle  abowte  as  an  hacony  to  be  hyred  j 
Than  she  lokyth  aboute  her  if  eny  be  so  gay ; 
And  oon  thyng  I  comend,  which  is  most  to  my  pay, 
Ther  kerchef  hanggyth  so  low,   that  no  man  can 

a-spye, 
To  loke  undimethe  oons  to  shrew  her  eie. 

Jangelyng  in  chirche  among  hem  is  not  usid, 
To  telle  alle  her  howswyfry  of  the  weke  byfore  j 
And  also  her  husbondis  shalle  not  be  accusid, 
Now  crokyd  and  crabbed  they  bene  ever  more ; 
And  suche  thyngges  lo  !  they  can  kepe  no  store, 
They  bene  as   close  and  covert  as  the  horn   of 

Gabrielle, 
That  wylle  not  be  herd  but  from  hevyn  to  heller 

(3)  From  Dick  and  Sa2r  a  modern  poem  in  the 

Kentish  dialect, 
Ya  see,  when  Middlemas  come  roun, 

I  thought  dat  Sal  and  I 
Ud  go  to  Canterbury  town, 

To  see  what  we  cud  buy* 
Fer  when  I  liv'd  at  Challock  Leys, 

Our  Secont-man  had  been  : 
An  wonce,  when  we  was  carrin  peas, 

He  told  me  what  Xe'd  sin. 
He  said  dare  was  a  teejus  fair, 

Dat  lasted  for  a  wick  ; 
An  all  de  ploughmen  dat  went  dare, 

Must  ear  dair  shining  stick. 
An  how  dat  dare  was  nable  rigs, 

A»  Merriander's jokes; 

:s,  shows,  an  whirligigs, 
1  sights  a  folks. 


ENGLISH  PROVINCIAL  DIALECTS* 


But  what  queer'd  me,  he  sdd  'twas  kep 

All  roun  about  de  church ; 
An  how  dey  had  him  up  de  steps, 

An  left  him  in  de  lurch. 
At  last  he  got  into  de  street, 

An  den  he  lost  his  road  ; 
An  Bet  an  he  come  to  a  gate, 

Where  all  de  soadgers  stood. 
Den  she  ketcht  fast  hold  av  his  han, 

For  she  was  rather  scar'd ; 
Tom  sed,  when  fust  he  see  'em  stan, 

He  thought  she'd  be  a-fared. 

LANCASHIRE. 

The  dialect  of  Lancashire  is  principally  known 
by  Collier's  Dialogue,  published  under  the  name 
of  Tim  Bobbin.  A  glossary  of  the  fifteenth  cen- 
tury, written  in  Lancashire,  is  preserved  in  MS. 
Lansd.  560,  f.  45.  A  letter  in  the  Lancashire 
dialect  occurs  in  Braithwaite's  Two  Lancashire 
Lovers,  1640,  and  other  early  specimens  are 
given  in  Heywood's  Late  Lancashire  Witches, 
4to.  1634,  and  ShadwelPs  Lancashire  Witches, 
4to.  1682.  The  glossary  at  the  end  of  Tim 
Bobbin  is  imperfect  as  a  collection  for  the  county, 
and  I  have  been  chiefly  indebted  for  Lancashire 
words  to  my  father,  Thomas  Halliwell,  Esq. 
Brief  notes  hare  also  been  received  from  the 
Rev.  L.  Jones,  George  Smeeton,  Esq.,  the  Rev. 
Dr.  Hume,  G.  R.  Spencer,  Esq.,  and  Mr.  R. 
Proctor.  The  features  of  the  dialect  will  be 
seen  from  the  following  specimens ;  o  ando?<  are 
changed  into  a,  ea  into  o,  al  into  att,  g  into  £, 
long  o  into  oz,  and  d  final  into  t.  The  Saxon 
termination  en  is  retained,  but  generally  mute. 

(1)  Extract   from    Tim    Bobbin's    Dialogue 

between  Tiimmw  and  Meary. 

M*  Odds-fish!  boh  that  wur  breve.  I  wou'd  I'd 
bin  eh  yore  Kele. 

T.  Whau  whau,  boh  theawst  hear.  It  wur  o  dree 
wey  too  to ;  heawe'er  I  geet  there  be  su«e  o'clock, 
on  before  eh  opp'nt  dur,  I  coven  Nip  with  th* 
Cleawt,  ot  eh  droy  inch  nose  weh,  t'let  him  see  hcaw 
I  stoarther.  Then  I  opp'nt  dur;  on  vrhot  te  tlule 
dust  chink,  boh  three  little  tyney  Baajlyhj-fwitscoom 
weaughing  os  if  th'  little  ewals  wou'd  o  worrit  me, 
on  after  that  swallut  me  whick:  Boh  presently 
there  coom  o  fine  wummon  ;  on  I  took  her  for  a  hoo 
justice,  hoor  so  meety  fine :  F.T  I  heard  Ruchott 
o'  Jack's  tell  meh  meastor,  that  hoo  justices  awlus 
did  th'  mooast  o'th'  wark :  Heawe'er,  I  axt  hur  if 
Mr.  justice  wuro  whoam  ;  hoocou'd  naw  opp'n  Hiir 
meawth  t'  sey  eigh,  or  now  j  boh  simpurt  on  sed  !**, 
(the  dickkons  iss  hur  on  him  too)  -Setl  I,  I  wudfji  Va 
tell  him  I'd  fene  speyk  to  him. 

(2)  A  Letter  printed  and  distributed  in  the 
procession  that  was  formed  at  Manchester  in 
commemoration  of  free  trade. 

Bury,  July  15th,  1846. 

To  MB  LAWRJ>  JHO»  Russaia,— -Well,  m« 
Lawrd,  yoan  gett'n  ut  last  up  to  th*  top  o'  th'  lad- 
thur,  un  th'  heemust  stave  asnt  brokk'n  wj  yo  thi» 
time  us  it  did  afore,  Waystseei'  t'ueaw  wet&ur  yo, 
kun  keepyurstonnin  ur  not?  »wm  raythar fyert  1$, 
yoan  find  it  slippy  unnoan  aa£e  footing  but.  ty$tw* 
sumevvur,  thirs  nawt  like  thryin. 

But  wot'r  yo  fur  dooin  ?^    y^  *eemu  to  think  nto 


ENGLISH  PROVINCIAL  DIALECTS. 


vast  dyel  o  things  wants  mendin,  un  yo  thinkn  reel, 
for  they  dun ;— but  kon  yo  mannidge  um  ?  °  Yur  fUst 
job  '11  be  a  twoff  un ;  un  tho  It'll  be  o  sweet  subjek, 
it'll  ha  sum  seawr  stuff  obeawt  it.  But  seawr  ur  not 
yo  mun  stick  likebreek,  un  not  let  that  cantin, 
leawsy  stuft  obeawt  "slave-groon  un  free-groon 
«top  yo.  Bless  me  life,  mon  !  its  anoof  to  gie  won 
th'  bally  wratch  to  yer  o  set  o  gawnblins  uts  beyyin, 
un  spinnin,  un  weyvin,  un  warin  slave-groon  kottn 
eitch  day  o  thir  lives,  tawk  obeawt  thir  konshunsus 
not  lettin  um  sweetn  thir  faybry  pie  fur  th'  chilthur 
wi  o  bit  o  slave-groon  shugur.  It's  oa  humbug,  me 
Lawrd,  un  tell  um  aw  say  so.  Stick  yo  fast  to  the 
skame  o'  having  oa  th'  dewties  olike :  but  yo  may 
slip  eawt  thoos  twothrey  yer  ut  yore  fur  keepin  up  o 
dirferuiice,  us  soon  us  ynn  o  mind.  We  tun  spare 
om  wen  wer  bizzy. 

Sum  o  yur  skames  ur  weel  onoof :  but  th'  main 
thing  '11  be  for  yo  to  ta  care  to  spend  us  little  brass 
us  yo  kon,  un  giv  us  o  gud  thrade. 

Yoan  lettn  Sur  Robbut  (yoa  knoan  he's  a  Berry 
muffun  we're  sharp  chaps) — aw  say  yoan  lettn  Sur 
Robbut  get  howd  o  yur  tools  and  wurtch  wi  um 
wonst,  wi  not  beein  sharp  onooff.  He  made  o  gud 
hondlin  on  um,  too  unsgettn  t'wajus  for  his  wark, 
tho'  t'skame  wur  years,  un  iv  yo  dunuut  mind  he'll 
do  t'same  ogen.  He'll  let  yo  get  th*  patthurns  reddy, 
and  make  t*kestins,  un  t'bowts,  un  t'skrews,  un 
sitchn :  but  he'll  put  t'mosheen  togethur,  un  dray 
th'  wage  ut  th'  Sethurde  neet,  iv  yo  aimut  yur  een 
obeawt  yo. 

Dunnot  be  fyert,  mon,  but  rap  eawt  wi  awtuts 
reet,  un  us  Berry  foke  '11  elp  yo  us  ard  as  we  kon. 
Wayii  helpt  Kobdin,  un  wayu  elp  yo,  if  yoan  set 
obeawt  yur  wark  gradely. 

Wayre  havvin  o  greyt  stur  to  day  heer  for1  us 
wurtchin  foke,  un  wayre  to  have  doance  o  Munday 
neet.  Aw  nobbut  wush  ut  yo  k'd  kum  deawn  un 
see  us — yoad  see  sitch  o  seet  un  yer  sitch  sheawtin 
yoa  ne'er  seed  nur  i  yor  life.  They  konnut  sheawt 
i  Lunnon— its  nobbot  gradely  butthermilk  un  por- 
ritch  Lankeshur  lads  ut  kun  sheawt  woth  koin 
shtawtin. 

But  yo  mun  ne'er  heed,  Lawrd  John.  Dunnot 
be  fyert,  us  aw  sed  ofore,  but  ston  up  for  wots  reet, 
un  iv  t'  parlyment  winnit  let  yo  ha  yer  oan  rode, 
kum  eawt,  un  let  t'  gangway  kawves  thry  how  thay 
kun  seawk  t'  public  pap. 

Awm  noan  yust  to  ritin,  un  aw  feel  tyert,  so  aw 
rnun  lyev  awt  moor  ut  aw  av  to  say  tell  me  honst's 
restut  itsel.     So  aw  remain,  me  Lawrd, 
Yours  for  evvur, 

BURY  MUFF. 

(3)  A  Lancashire  Ballad. 
Vovf,  aw  me  gud  gentles,  an  yau  won  tarry, 
ille  tel  how  Gilbert  Scott  soudn's  mare  Berry. 
He  soudn's  mare  Berry  at  Warikin  fair ; 
When  heel  bepade,  hee  knows  not,  ere  or  nere. 
Soon  as  hee  coom  whoom,  an  toud  his  wife  Grace, 
Hon  up  wi  th'  kippo,  an  swat  him  ore  th'  face ; 
Hoo  pickdt  him  oth'  hilloc,  wi  sick  a  thwack, 
That  hoo  had  whel  ni  a  brokken  his  back. 
Thou  hooer,  quo  hee,  wo't  but  lemme  rise, 
He  gi  thee  auth'  leet,  wench,  that  imme  lies. 
Thou  udgit,  quo  hoo,  but  wher  dus  fo.ee  dwel  ? 
Belakin,  quo  hee,  but  I  connan  tel. 
I  tuck  him  to  be  sum  gud  greslmon's  son ; 
He  spent  too  pense  on  mee  when  bee  had  doon. 
He  gmmeealunch'no  deutysnig  py, 
An  shaukdtmeebith'  haundt  most  lovingly, 
Then  Grace,  hoo  prompdt  hur,  so  neeat  an  so    ne. 
To  War'kin  hoo  went,  o  Wensday  betime. 


XX1U 

An  theer  too,  hoo  stade  ful  five  markit  days, 

Til  th'  mon,  wi  th'  mare,  were  coom  to  Raunley 

Shaw's. 

As  Grace  was  restin  won  day  in  hur  rowm, 
Hoo  spydt  th'  mon  a  ridin  o  th'  mare  down  the  town. 
Bounce  gus  hur  hart,  an  hoo  wer  so  glopen 
That  out  o  th'  windo  hoo'd  like  fort  lopen. 
Hoo  staumpdt,  an  hoo  star'dt>  an  down  stairs  hoo 

run, 

Wi'  th'  hat  under  th*  arm,  an  windt  welly  gon. 
Hur  hed-gear  flew  off,  an  so  did  hur  snowd, 
Hoo  staumpdc,  an  hoo  star'dt,  as  an  hoo*d  been 

wood. 

To  Raunley's  hoo  hy'd,  an  hoo  hove  up  th'  latch, 
Afore  th'  mon,  had  teed  th'  mare  welly  too  th'  cratch. 
Me  gud  mon,  quo  hoo,  frend,  hee  greets  yau  merry. 
An  desires  yau'd  send  him  money  for  Berry. 
Ay,  money,  quo  hee,  that  I  connau  spare :    ' 
Belakin,  quo  hoo,  but  then  He  ha  th'  mare. 
Hoo  poodt,  an  hoo  thromperdt  him,  shaum't  be 

seen ; 

Thou  hangman,  quo  hoo,  He  poo  out  thin  een  : 
He  mak  thee  asompan,  haud  thee  a  groat 
He  oth'r  ha'  th'  money,  or  poo  out  the  throat; 
'Tween  them  they  made  such  a  wearison  din, 
That  for  t*  intreat  them,  Raunly  Shaw  coom  in, 
Coom,  fy,  fy,  naunt  Grace,  coom,  fy,  an  a  doou  ; 
What,  deel,  ar  yau  monkeen,  or  ar  yau  woon  ? 
Belakin,  quo  hee,  yau  lane  so  hard  on — 
I  think  now  that  th'  woman  has  quite  spoildt  th 

mon, 

Coom,  fy,  fy,  naunt  Grace,  coom*  fy,  an  a  doon ; 
Yaust  ha*  th'  mare,  or  th'  money,  whether  yau  won 
So  Grace  got  th'  money,  an  whoornwardt  hoo's  gon, 
Hoo  keeps  it  aw,  *n  gees  Gilbert  Scott  non. 

LEICESTERSHIRE., 

The  dialect  of  this  county  has  been  entirely 
neglected,  with  the  exception  of  a  few  brief 
remarks  in  Macaulay's  History  of  Claybrook, 
1791 ;  but  it  deserves  a  careful  study.  A  valu- 
able glossary  of  Leicestershire  words  was  given 
me  by  Mr.  John  Gibson,  but  too  late  to  be  used 
in  the  early  part  of  the  work. 

The  dialect  of  the  common  people,  though  broad, 
is  sufficiently  plain  and  intelligible.  They  have  a 
strong  propensity  to  aspirate  their  words;  the  letter 
h  comes  in  almost  oa  every  occasion  where  it  ought 
not,  and  is  as  frequently  omitted  where  it  ought  to 
come  in,  The  words  fine,  mine,  and  suchlike,  aie 
pronounced  as  if  they  were  spelt  foine,  moine  ;  place, 
face,  &c.  as  if  they  were  spelt  pteace,  feace;  and  in 
the  plural  sometimes  you  hear  pleacen  f  cloten  for 
closes  i  and  many  other  words  in  the  same  style  of 
Saxon  termination.  The  words  there  and  where 
are  generally  pronounced  thus,  theere,.  wheere;  the 
words  mercy t  deserve,  &c.  thus,  marcy,  foaarve.  The 
following  peculiarities  of  pronunciation  are  likewise 
observable :  uz,  strongly  aspirated,  for  us,  war  for 
was,  meed  for  maid,  foAHher  for  father,  e'ery  for  every- 
Irig  for  bridge,  thurrough  forfwrow,  bate/for  half, 
c&tt-rit  for  rut,  malefbctory  for  mtmtifaet&ry,  inacf 
tiuus  for  anxious.  <- 

Macavtay's  Claylroofc,  1791,  pp.  128-& 

LINCOLNSHIRE. 

The  river  Witham  may  be  considered  with 
tolerable  accuracy  the  boundary  line  between 
the  Northern  and  Southern  dialects  of  the 
county,  which  differ  considerably  froit  each 


ENGLISH  PROVINCIAL  DIALECTA. 


ether ;  the  former  being  more  nearly  allied  to 
that  of  Yorkshire,  the  latter  to  the  speech  of 
East  Anglia,  hut  neither  are  nearly  so  broad  as 
the  more  Northern  dialects.  Many  singular 
phrases  are  in  use.  They  say,  Very  not  well, 
I  used  to  could,  You  shouldn't  have  ought,  &c. 
The  Lincolnshire  words  were  partially  collected 
by  Skinner  in  the  seventeenth  century,  but  no 
regular  glossary  has  yet  appeared.  This  defi- 
ciency, however,  as  far  as  the  present  work  is 
concerned,  has  been  amply  supplied  by  as  many 
as  nineteen  long  communications,  each  forming 
a  small  glossary  by  itself,  and  of  peculiar  value, 
from  the  Rev.  James  Adcock  of  Lincoln,  to 
whom  I  beg  to  return  my  best  acknowledg- 
ments. I  have  also  to  acknowledge  assistance 
from  Sir  E.  F.  Bromhead,  Bart.,  the  Rev.  Dr. 
Oliver,  Robert  Goodacrts,  Esq.,  T.  R.  Jackson, 
Esq.,  Mr.  E.  Johnson,  and  papers  kindly  inserted 
at  my  suggestion  in  the  Lincoln  Standard. 

(1)  Extract  from  MS.  Digby  86,  written  in 

Lincolnshire,  temp.  Edw.  L 

Nijtingale,  thou  havest  wrong, 
Wolt  thou  me  senden  of  this  lond, 

For  ich  holde  with  the  rijtte; 
I  take  witnesse  of  sire  Wawain, 
That  Jhesu  Crist  gaf  mijt  and  main. 

And  strengths  for  to  fijtte. 

So  wide  so  hehevede  i-gon, 
Trewe  ne  founde  he  nevere  non 

Bidayenehinijtte. 
Fowel,  for  thi  false  mouth, 
Thi  sawe  shal  ben  wide  couth,  * 

I  rede  the  fie  with  mijtte. 

Ich  habbe  leve  to  ben  here, 
In  orchard  and  in  erbere, 

Mine  songes  for  to  singe ; 
Herdi  nevere  bino  levedi, 
Bote  hendinese  and  curteysi, 

And  joye  hy  gunnen  me  bringe. 

Of  muchele  murthe  hy  telleth  me, 
Fere,  also  I  telle  the, 

Hy  liveth  in  longinginge. 
Fowel,  thou  sitest  on  hasel  bou, 
Thou  lastest  hem,  thou  havest  wou, 

Thi  word  shal  wide  springe. 

Hit  springethr  wide,  wel  ich  wot, 
Hou  tel  hit  him  that  hit  not, 

This  sawes  ne  beth  nout  newe ; 
Fowel,  herkne  to  mi  sawe, 
Ich  wile  the  telle  of  here  lawe, 

Thounefcepest  nout  hem,  I  knowe. 

Thenk  on  Constantines  quene, 
Foul  wel  hire  semede  fow  and  grene, 

Hou  sore  hit  son  hire  rewe : 
Hoe  fedde  a  erupel  in  hire  hour, 
And  helede  him  with  covertour, 

Loke  wai  -wlmmen  ben  trewe.     Reliq.  Antiq. 

(2)  From  *'  Neddy  and  Sally ;  a  Lincolnshire 

tale"  by  John  Brown!  12mo.  n.  d. 

Cum,  Sail,  its  time  we  started  now 
Yon's  Farmer  Haycock's  lasses  *eady 

And  maistersays  he'll  feed  the  cow, 
JHe  didn't  say  so, — did  ho  Neddy 


Yees,  that  he  did,  so  make  thee  haste. 

And  git  thee  sen  made  smart  and  pretty, 
We  yaller  ribbon  round  the  waist, 

The  same  as  oud  Squire  Lowden's  Kitty. 
And  I'll  go  fetch  my  sister  Bess, 

I'm  sartin  sure  she's  up  and  ready, 
Come  gie's  a  bus,  thou  can't  do  less, 

Says  Sally,  No,  thou  musn't,  Neddy, 
See,  yonder's  Bess  a  cummin  cross 

The  fields,  we  lots  o'  lads  and  lasses, 
All  haim  be  haim,  and  brother  Joss 

A  shouting  to  the  folks  as  passes. 
Odds  dickens,  Sail,  we'll  hev  a  spree, 

Me  heart's  as  light  as  ony  feather, 
There's  not  a  chap  dost  russel  me, 

Not  all  the  town's  chaps  put  together. 

MIDDLESEX. 

The  metropolitan  county  presents  little  in  iti 
dialect  worthy  of  remark,  being  for  the  most 
part  merely  a  coarse  pronunciation  of  London 
slang  and  vulgarity.  The  language  of  the  lower 
orders  of  the  metropolis  is  pictured  very  faith- 
fully in  the  works  of  Mr.  Dickens.  The  inter- 
change of  v  and  w  is  a  leading  characteristic. 
Some  of  the  old  cant  words,  mixed  with  nume- 
rous ones  of  late  formation,  are  to  be  traced  in 
the  London  slang. 

The  Thimble  A*^. 

"  Now,  then,  my  jolly  sportsmen  I  I've  got 
more  money  than  the  parson  of  the  parish.  Those 
as  don't  play  can't  vln,  and  those  as  are  here  harnt 
there !  I'd  hold  any  on  you,  from  a  tanner  to  a 
sovereign,  or  ten,  as  you  don't  tell  which  thimble 
the  pea  is  under."  "  It's  there,  sir."  <«  I  barr  tell- 
ings." "I'll  go  it  again."  ««  Vat  you  don't  see 
don't  look  at,  and  vat  you  do  sec  don't  tell.  Ill' 
hould  you  a  soveren,  sir,  you  don't  tell  me  vitch 
thimble  the  pea  is  under."  *'  Lay  him,  sir,  (in  a 
whisper) ;  it's  under  the  middle'un.  1*11  go  you 
halves."  *«  Lay  him  another;  that's  right."  *<  I'm 
blow'd  but  we've  lost  j  who'd  a  thought  it  ?"  Smack 
goes  the  flat's  hat  over  his  eyes ;  exit  the  confederates 
with  a  loud  laugh. 

NORFOLK. 

"  The  most  general  and  pervading  charac- 
teristic of  our  pronunciation,"  observes  Mr. 
Forby,  "  is  a  narrowness  and  tenuity,  precisely 
the  reverse  of  the  round,  sonorous,  mouth-filling 
tones  of  Northern  English,  The  broad  and  open 
sounds  of  vowels,  the  rich  and  fall  tones  of 
diphthongs,  are  generally  thui  reduced."  The 
same  writer  enters  very  minutely  into  the  sub- 
ject of  the  peculiarities  of  this  dialect,  and  his 
glossary  of  East  Angliai  words,  2  vols.  8vo. 
1830,  is  the  most  complete  publication  of  the 
kind.  A  brief  list  of  Norfolk  words  is  given  in 
Brown's  Certain  Miscellany  Tracts,  8vo.  1684, 
p,  146.  A  glossary  of  the  provincialisms  of  the 
same  county  occurs  in  Marshall's  Rural  Economy 
of  Norfolk,  1 787,  and  observations  on  the  dialect 
in  Erratics  by  a  Sailor,  1809.'  In  addition  to 
these,  I  have  had  the  advantage  of  using  com- 
munications from  the  Rev.  George  Munford,  the 
Very  Rev.  F.  C  Husenbeth,  Mrs.  Robins,  and 
Goddard  Johnson,  Esq, 


ENGLISH  PROVINCIAL  DIALECTS. 


XX? 


A  vocabulary  of  the  fifteenth  century,  written 
in  Norfolk,  is  preserved  in  MS.  Addit.  12195, 
but  the  Promptorium  Parvulorum  is  a  much 
more  valuable  and  extensive  repository  of  early 
Norfolk  words.  A  MS.  of  Capgrave's  Life  of 
St.  Katherine  in  the  Bodleian  Library,  MS. 
Bawl.  Poet.  118,  was  written  in  this  county.  It 
would  appear  from  the  following  passage  that 
Norfolk  was,  in  early  times,  one  of  the  least  re- 
fined parts  of  the  island : 

I  wende  riflynge  were  restitution,  qxiod  he, 

For  I  lerned  nevere  rede  on  boke ; 

And  I  kan  no  Frensshe,  in  feith, 

But  of  the  fertheste  ende  of  Northfolk. 

Piers  Ploughman,  ed.  Wright,  p.  91. 

(1)  Old  Measures  of  Weight. 
From  MS.  Cotton,  Claudius  E.  viii.-  fol.  8,  of  the  four- 
teenth century,  written  at  Norwich* 

Sex  waxpunde  makiet  .j.  ledpound.  .xij.  led- 
punde  .j.  fotmel.  .xxiiij.  fotmel  .j.  fothir  of  Bris- 
touwe,  ys  haved  .cc.  and  .xxviijti.  wexpound. 

Sex  waxpunde  makiet  .j.  leedpound.  .xviij  leed- 
pund  .j.  Iced  bole,  .xviij.  leed  boles,  j.  fothir  of  the 
Northleondea,  ys  haat  .xc,  and  .xiiij.  leed  punde, 
that  beeth  .xix.  hundryd  and  foure  and  fourti  wex- 

punde,   and  ys  avet  more  bi  six  and leed 

punde,  that  beeth  to  hundred  and  sextene  wexpunde. 

Sevene  waxpund  makiet  onleve  ponde  one  waye, 
twelf  weyen  on  fothir,  this  aveit  two  thousand  and 
.ix.  score  and  foure  wexpund,  that  beeth  thre  hun- 
dryd  and  twelfve  leedpound,  this  his  more  than  that 
of  the  Norethland  be  foure  and  thrittimore  of  leed- 
poundes,  that  beeth  foure  and  twenti  lasse. 

(2)  Norfolk  Degrees  of  Comparison. 

Positive.     Comparative.  Superlative. 

Little     .     Less     .     .  Least 

Lesser  .     .  Lessest. 

Lesserer    .  Lesserest. 

Lesserer  still  Lessest  of  all. 

Littler  .    .  Littlest. 

Tiny     .     Tinier  .     •  Tiniest. 

Titty     .     Tittier       .  Tittiest. 

NORTHAMPTONSHIRE. 

A  midland  dialect,  less  broad  and  not  so 
similar  to  the  Northern  as  Warwickshire.  I  have 
to  acknowledge  communications  on  the  dialect 
of  this  county  from  the  Rev.  J«  B.  P.  Dennis, 
and  Charles  Young,  Esq. 

NORTHUMBERLAND. 

Northumberland  has  a  dialect  the  most  broad 
of  all  the  English  counties,  nearly  approaching 
the  Scotch,  the  broadest  of  all  English  dialects. 
The  Scottish  bur  is  heard  in  this  county  and  in 
the  North  of  Durham.  A  large  number  of  spe- 
'-Jmens  of  the  dialect  have  been  published,  and 
the  provincial  words  have  been  collected  by  Mr. 
Brockett,  but  no  extensive  glossary  of  words 
peculiar  to  the  county  has  been  published  sepa- 
rately. A  short  list,  however,  is  given  in  Ray's 
English  Words,  ed.  1691 ;  and  others,  recently 
collected,  were  sent  me  by  George  B.  Richardson, 
Esq.  and  the  Rev.  R.  Douglas.  An  early  speci- 
men of  the  Northumberland  dialect  occurs  in 
Bullein'*  Dialogue,  1564,  reprinted  in  Waldron's 
notes  to  the  Sad  Shepherd,  p.  187. 


NOTTINGHAMSHIRE 
Formerly  belonged  in  dialect  to  the  Northern 
division,  but  may  now,  I  believe,  be  included  in 
the  Midland.  I  speak,  however,  with  uncer- 
tainty, no  work  on  the  Nottinghamshire  dialect 
having  yet  appeared. 

From  a  Treatise  on  the  Fistula  in  ano,  by  John 

Arderne,  of  Newark. 

Johan  Arderne  fro  the  first  pestelence  that  was  in 
the  yere  of  our  Lord  1349,  duelled  in  Newerke  in 
Notinghamschire  unto  the  yere  of  ow  Lorde  1370, 
and  ther  I  heled  many  men  of  fistula  in  ano;  of 
which  the  first  was  Sir  Adam  Everyngham  of  Laxtorc 
in  the  Clay  byside  Tukkesford,  whiche  Sir  Adam 
for  sothe  was  in  Gascone  with  Sir  Henry  that  tyme 
named  herle  of  Derby,  and  after  was  made  Duke  of 
Lancastre,  a  noble  and  worthy  lord.  The  forsaid 
Sir  Adam  forsoth  sufferend  fistulam  w  a«o,  made  for 
to  aske  counsell  at  alle  the  lechez  and  corurgienz  that 
he  myght  fynd  in  Gascone,  at  Burdeux,  at  Brig- 
gerac,  Tolows,  and  Neyybon,  and  Peyters,and  many 
other  places,  and  alle  forsoke  hym  for  uncurable; 
whiche  y-se  and  y-herde,  the  forsaid  Adam  hastied 
for  to  torne  home  to  his  contree,  and  when  he  come 
home  he  did  of  al  his  knyghtly  clothings,  and  cladde 
mournyng  clothes  in  purpose  of  abydyng  dissolvyng 
or  Jesyng  of  his  body  beyng  nyj  to  hym.  At  the  laste 
I  forsaid  Johan  Arderne  y-sojt,  and  covenant  y-made, 
come  to  hyme  and  did  my  cure  to  hym,  and,  our 
Lorde  beyng  mene,  I  heled  hyme  perfitely  within 
halfe  a  yere,  and  afterward  hole  and  sound  heledde 
a  glad  life  30  yere  and  more.  For  whiche  cure  I  gate 
myche  honour  and  lovyng  thurj  alle  Ynglond;  and 
the  forsaid  Duke  of  Lancastre  and  many  other  gen- 
tilez  wondred  therof.  Afte[r]ward  I  cured  Hugon 
Derlyng  of  Fowick  of  Balne  by  Snaythe.  Afterward 
I  cured  Johan  Schefeld  of  Rightwelle  aside  Tekille. 
MS.  Slaane  563,  f.  124. 

OXFORDSHIRE. 

The  provincial  speech  of  this  county  has  none 
of  the  marked  features  of  the  Western  dialect, 
although  many  of  the  Gloucestershire  and  Wilt- 
shire  words  are  in  use.  The  Oxfordshire  dialect 
may  be  described  as  rather  broad,  and  at  the 
same  time  sharp,  with  a  tendency  to  contrac- 
tion. Us  is  used  instead  of  /,  as  in  some  other 
counties.  There  are  not  a  large  number  of 
words  quite  peculiar  to  the  county,  and  no  glos- 
sary has  yet  been  published.  Kennett  has  pre- 
served many  now  obsolete,  and  I  am  indebted 
for  several  to  Mr.  A.  Chapman,  and  Francis 
Francillon,  Esq.  In  the  sixteenth  century,  the 
Oxfordshire  dialect  was  broad  Western.  In 
Scogin's  Jests,  we  have  an  Oxfordshire  rustic 
introduced,  saying  ichfor  I,  dis  for  this,  Baylor 
fay,  chill  for  I  will,  vor  for  for,  &c. 

RUTLANDSHIRE. 

The  dialect  of  Rutlandshire  possesses  few,  if 
any,  features  not  to  be  found  in  the  adjoining 
counties.  It  would  appear  to  be  most  similar  to 
that  of  Leicestershire,  judging  from  a  communi- 
cation on  the  subject  frc.ra  the  Rev.  A.  S, 
Atchesoti. 


XXVI 


ENGLISH  PROVINCIAL  DIALECTS. 


SHROPSHIRE. 

In  the  modern  dialect  of  this  county,^  is  fre- 
quently changed  into  o  or  e  ;  c  into  q,  co  into  qu  ; 
d  final  is  often  suppressed  or  commuted  into  t  in 
the  present  tense ;  e  is  sometimes  lengthened  at 
the  commencement  of  a  word,  as  eend,  end,  and 
it  is  frequently  changed  into  a  /  #is  often  omitted 
before  h;  the  h  is  almost  invariably  wrongly 
used,  omitted  where  it  should  be  pronounced, 
and  pronounced  where  it  should  be  omitted  ;  i 
is  changed  into  ei  or  e  ;  I  into  w  ;  o  is  generally 
lengthened ;  r  when  followed  by  s  is  often  drop- 
ped, the  s  in  such  cases  being  doubled  ;  t  is  en- 
tirely dropped  in  many  words  where  it  precedes 
s,  and  is  superseded  by  e,  especially  if  there  be 
any  plurality ;  y  is  prefixed  to  a  vast  number  of 
words  which  commence  with  the  aspirate,  and  is 
substituted  for  it.  See  further  observations  in 
Mr.  Hartshorne's  Shropshire  glossary  appended 
to  his  Salopia  Antiqua,  8vo.  1841,  from  which 
the  above  notices  of  the  peculiarities  of  the 
dialect  have  been  taken.  To  this  work  I  have 
been  chiefly  indebted  for  Shropshire  words,  but 
many  unknown  to  Mr.  Hartshorne  have  been 
derived  from  Llhuyd's  MS.  additions  to  Ray,  a 
MS.  glossary  compiled  about  1780,  and  from 
communications  of  the  Rev.  L.  Darwall  and 
Thomas  Wright,  Esq. 

A  translation  of  the  Pars  Oculi  in  English 
verse,  made  by  John  Mirkes,  a  canon  of  Lille- 
shul,  in  Shropshire,  is  preserved  in  MS.  Cotton. 
Claud.  A.  ii.  and  MS.  Douce  60,  103,  manuscripts 
of  the  fifteenth  century.  The  poem  commences 
as  follows : 

God  seyth  hymself ,  as  wryten  we  fynde, 
That  whenne  the  blynde  Jedeth  the  blynde, 
Into  the  dyche  they  fallen  boo, 
For  they  ue  sen  whare  by  to  go. 

MS.  Cott.  Claud.  A.  ii.  f.127- 
God  seith  himself,  as  writen  y  fynde, 
That  whan  the  blynde  ledeth  the  blynde, 
Into  the  diche  they  falleth  bo, 
For  they  ne  seen  howe  they  go. 

MS.  Douce  60,  f.  14?. 

It  should  not  be  forgotten  that  the  dialect  of  a 
MS.  is  not  necessarily  that  used  by  the  author 
himself.  It  oftener  depended  on  the  scribe. 
"We  have  copies  of  Hampole's  Prick  of  Conscience 
written  in  nearly  every  dialect. 

The  poems  of  John  Audelay,  a  monk  of 
Haghmon,   who   wrote  about   1460,    afford   a 
faithful  specimen  of  the  Shropshire  dialect  of 
that  period.    A  small  volume  of  his  poetry  was 
printed  by  the  Percy  Society,  8vo.  1844 : 
As  I  lay  seke  in  my  langure, 
In  an  abbay  here  be  West, 
Thisboke  I  made  with  gret  dolour, 

When  I  myjt  not  slep  ne  have  no  rest ; 
Ofll  with  my  prayers  I  me  blest, 
And  sayd  hyl£  to  heven  kyng, 
1  knowlache,  Lord,  hit  is  the  best 

Mekel£  to  take  thi  vesetyng, 
Ellis  wot  I  wil  that  I  were  lorne. 
Of  al  lordis  be  he  blest ! 
Fore  al  that  je  done  is  fore  the  best, 
Fore  in  thi  defawte  was  never  mon  lost, 
That  it  here  of  womon  borne. 


Mervel  36  not  of  this  makyng 

Fore  I  me  excuse,  hit  is  not  I ; 
This  was  the  Hol<i  Cost  wercheng, 

That  sayd  these  wordis  so  fay thfully  j 
Fore  I  quoth  never  bot  hye  foly, 

God  hath  me  chastyst  fore  my  levyng  t 
I  thong  my  God  my  grace  treuly 

Fore  his  gracious  vesityng. 
Beware,  seris,  Ijouepray, 

Fore  I  mad  this  with  good  entent, 
In  the  reverens  of  God  omnipotent ; 
Prays  fore  me  that  beth  present, 
My  name  is  Jon  the  blynd  Awdlay. 
The  similarities  between  the  dialect  of  Aude- 
lay's  poems  and  that  of  modern  Shropshire  are 
not  very  easily  perceptible.  The  tendency  to 
turn  o  into  0,  and  to  drop  the  h,  may  be  recog- 
nized, as  aid  for  hold,  &e,  /  is  still  turned  into 
e,  which  may  be  regarded  as  one  of  Audelay rs 
dialectical  peculiarities,  especially  in  the  prefixes 
to  the  verbs ;  but  the  ck  for  ah  or  $ch,  so  com- 
mon  in  Audelay,  does  not  appear  to  be  still 
current.  There  is  much  uncertainty  in  reason- 
ing on  the  early  provincial  dialects  from  a  single 
specimen,  owing  to  the  wide  difference  between 
the  broad  and  the  more  polished  specimens  of 
the  language  of  the  same  county ;  and  Audelay's 
poems  can  be  by  no  means  considered  as  affording 
an  example  of  the  broadest  and  purest  early  Salo- 
pian dialect. 

SOMERSETSHIRE: 

The  Parret  divides  the  two  varieties  of  the 
dialects  of  Somersetshire,  the  inhabitants  of  the 
West  of  that  river  using  the  Devonshire  lan- 
guage, the  difference  being  readily  recognized  by 
the  broad  ise  for  I,  er  for  he,  and  the  termination 
th  to  the  third  person  singular  of  the  present 
tense  of  the  indicative  mood.  The  Somersetshire 
dialect  changes  th  into  d,  s  into  jar,  f  into  w,  in- 
verts the  order  of  many  of  the  consonants,  and 
adds  y  to  the  infinitive  of  verbs.  It  also  turns 
many  monosyllables  into  words  of  two  syllables, 
as  ayer,  air,  booath,  both,  fayer,  fair,  tier,  fire, 
stayers,  stairs,  shower,  sure,  £c.  See  Jennings' 
Observations  on  some  of  the  Dialects  in  tlie  West 
of  England,  1825,  p.  7. 

A  singularly  valuable  glossary  of  Somerset, 
shire  words  was  placed  in  my  hands  at  the  com- 
mencement of  the  present  undertaking  by  Henry 
Norris,  Esq.,  of  South  Petherton.  It  was  com- 

Eiled  about  fifty  years  since  by  Mr.  Norm's 
ither,  at  the  suggestion  of  the  late  Mr.  Boucher, 
and  Mr.  Norris  has  continually  enriched  it  with 
additions  collected  by  himself.  To  tins  t  am 
indebted  for  several  hundred  words  which 
would  otherwise  have  escaped  me ;  and  many 
others  have  been  derived  from  lists  formed  by 
my  brother,  the  Rev.  Thomas  .*  dwell,  of 
•rVrington,  Thomas  Elliott,  Esq.,  kias  Elizabeth 
Carew,  the  Rev.  C.  W.  Bingham,  Mr.  Elyah 
Tucker,  and  Mr.  Kemp. 

Numerous  examples  of  the  Somersetanire 
dialect  are  to  be  found  in  old  plays,  in  w&ieh 
country  characters  are  frequently  isiioduced, 
and  in  other  early  works.  It  skrald,  bowe? «r, 
be  remarked  that  many  writen  have 


ENGLISH  PROVINCIAL  DIALECTS. 


tfxvix 


*atingly  assigned  early  specimens,  containing 
the  prevailing  marks  of  Western  dialect,  to  this 
county,  when  the  style  might  he  referred  to 
many  others  in  the  South  and  West  of  England ; 
and  on  this  account  I  have  omitted  a  list  of 
pieces  stated  by  various  authors  to  be  specimens 
of  Somersetshire  dialect.  We  have  already  seen 
that  though  the  essential  features  of  the  present 
West  country  dialect  may  be  found,  they  may 
possibly  suit  specimens  of  the  South,  Kent,  or 
even  Essex  dialects,  in  the  state  the  latter  ex- 
isted two  or  three  centuries  ago. 

(1)  The  Peasant  in  London,  from  a  work  of  the 

seventeenth  century. 
Our  Taunton-den  is  a  dungeon, 

And  y  vaith  cham  glad  cham  here ; 
This  vamous  zitty  of  Lungeon 

Is  worth  all  Zomerset-zhere ; 
In  wagons,  in  carts,  and  in  coaches, 
,  Che  never  did  yet  zee  more  horse, 
The  wenches  do  zhine  like  roches, 

And  as  proud  as  my  fathers  vore  horse. 

Fairholt's  Lord  Mayors'  Pagpants,  ii.217. 

(2)  John's  account  of  his  Trip  to  Bristol,  on  the 

occasion  of  Prince  Albert's  visit,  to  his 

Uncle  Ben,  1843. 

Nunk  !  did  ever  I  tell  thee  o*  my  Brister  trip, 
Ta  zee  Purnce  Albert  an*  tha  gurt  irn  ship  ? 
How  Meary  goo'd  wi'  me  (thee's  know  Meary  mi  wife) 
An*  how  I  got  vrighten'd  maust  out  o'  mi  life  ? 
Nif  us  niver  did'n,  'ch  'eel  tell  thee  o't  now  ; 
An*  be  drat  if  tid'n  true  iv'ry  word,  I  da  vow ! 
Vor  Measter  an'  Miss  war  bwoth  o'  m  along ; 
Any  one  o'm  ool  tell  thee  nif  us  da  zay  wrong. 
We  goo'd  to  Burgeoter  wi'  Joe's  liddle  'oss ; — 
Thee's  know  thick  us  da  meanne,  tha  da  call'n  wold 

Boss: 

An'  a  trotted  in  vine  style ;  an'  when  vre  got  there, 
The  voke  was  sa  thick  that  'twas  jiss  lik  a  vair. 
We  did'n  goo  droo  et,  but  goo'd  to  tha  station — 
There  war  gurt  irn  'osses  all  in  a  new  vashion ; 
An'  there  war  gurt  boxes  ta  'old  moor'na  thousan', 
Za  long  as  all  Petherton,  an'  za  high  as  tha  houzen. 

Ther  war  gennelmens'  sarvants  a-dressed  all  in  blue, 
Wi'  rud-collar'd  quoats,  an*  a  lot  o'  em  too ; 
An'  all  o*  em  number  'd — vor  one  us  did  zee 
War  mark'd  in  gurt  viggers,  a  hunderd  an'  dree. 

Hem  war  nation  aveard  when  tha  vuss  put  hem  in 
Ta  the  grut  ooden  box,  maust  sa  big's  a  corn  binn ; 
T'had  two  gurt  large  winders  wi'  'oles  vor  tha  glass  ; 
Tha  lock'd  op  tha  doors,  an'  there  hem  war  vass. 
Hem  had'n  bin  there  more'n  a  minnit  or  zoo, 
Yore  zumbody  wussell'd,  an*  off  us  did  goo  1 
My  eyes !  how  hem  veel'd ! — what  a  way  vor  ta  ride 
Hem  dra'd  in  her  breath,  an'  hem  thought  hem'd  a 

died. 

Vore  ever  us  know'd  et  us'oller'd  out  "  stap  i" 
Hera  opp'd  wi'  es  hond  an'  catch'd  wuld  o'  es  *at ; 
All  the  voke  laugh'd  at  hem,  an'  that  made  hem  mad 
But  thOf  a'zednothin,  hem  veel'd  cruel  bad. 
When  vusthem  look'dout,  hem  war  vrighten'd  still 

moor; 

Hem  thoft  'twar  tha «'  wuld  one"  a-draggin,  vor  sure 
Vor  riarry  a  'oss,  nor  nothiri  war  in  et  j 
'U  be  durn'd  if  we  did'n  goo  tliirty  miles  in  a  minit. 


Tha  cows  In  tha  Veels  did  cock  up  their  tails, 
An'  did  urn  vor  their  lives  roun'  tha  'edges  an'  rails ; 
Tha  'osses  did  glowy,  an'  tha  sheep  glowied  too, 
An'  the  jackasses  blared  out  "  ooh— eh— ooh  !" 
About  a  mile  off  hem  zeed  a  church-steeple, 
An'  in  less  'an  a  minnit  a  zeed  all  the  people ; 
Us  war  glowing  right  at 'em  ta  zee  who  hem  cou'dvind, 
But  avore  hem  cou'd  look,  tha  war  a  mile  behind. 

Thee'st  bin  to  a  vare  where  the  conjerers  ply — 
"  Pristo  Jack  an'  begone  1"  and  tha  things  vlee  awy ; 
Dash  my  wjg  !  an'  If  'twad'n  the  same  wi'  tha  people, 
Wi'  the  waggins  an'  'osses,  tha  church  an'  tha  steeple. 

Gwain  auver  a  Drudge,  athurt  a  gurt  river, 
Tha  dreyv'd  jis  sa  hard  an'  sa  ventersom's  iver; 
An*  rummell'd  lik  thunder;  hem  thoft  to  be  ground 
All  ta  pieces,  an*  smash'd,  an'  murder'd,  an'  drown'd. 
Oh  dear !  my  poor  hed  J  when  us  think  o*  et  now, 
How  us  ever  got  auvert  hem  can't  tell  thee  'ow ; 
Mi  hed  did  whirdlely  all  roun'  and  roun* — 
Hem  cou'd'n  ston'  op,  nor  hem  cou'd'n  zit  down. 

When  us  got  in  ta  Brister— But  hem  wo'n't  tell 

the  now, 

(Vor  I  da  zee  thee  art  vidgetty  now  vor  ta  goo) 
How  hem  zeed  tha  Queen's  husbond  tha  Pirnce,  an' 

hes  train ; 
How  tha  Pirnce  an'  tha  ship  war  buoth  catch'd  in 

tha  rain. 

Uch  '1  tell'ee  tha  rest  o  'et  zum  other  time, 

Vor  hem  promised  hem's  wife  hem'd  be  woatn  pvore 

nine ; 

An'  now  tha  clock's  hattin  a  quarter  past  ten ; 
Zo  gee  us  thi  hond,  an'  good  night,  N uncle  Bee  ! 

(3)  Mr.  Guy  and  the  Robbers* 
Mr.  Guy  war  a  gennelman 

O'  Huntspill,  well  knawn 
As  a  grazier,  a  hirch  one, 

Wi'  Ions  o'  hiz  awn. 
A  6  ten  went  ta  Lunnun 
Hiz  cattle  vor  ta  zill ; 
All  tha  hosses  that  a  rawd 

Niver  minded  hadge  or  hilt. 
A  war  afeard  o*  naw  one ; 
A  niver  made  hiz  will, 
Like  wither  vawk,  avaur  a  went 

Hiz  cattle  vor  ta  zill. 
One  time  a'd  bin  ta  Lunnun 

An  zawld  iz  cattle  well ; 
A  brought  awfi.  a  power  o'gawld, 

As  INe  a  hired  tell. 
As  late  at  night  a  rawd  along 

All  droo  aunketood, 
A  ooman  rawze  vrom  off  tha  groun, 

An  right  avaur  en  stood. 
She  look'd  za  pitis  Mr.  Guy 

At  once  hiz  hoss's  pace 
Stapt  short,  a  wonderin  how,  atnjght, 

She  com'd  in  jitch  a  place. 
A  little  trunk  war  in  her  hon  j 

She  zim'd  vur  gwon  wi'  chile. 
She  ax'd  en  nif  a'd  take  er  up 

An  cor  er  a  veo  mile. 
Mr.  Guy,  a  man  o*  veelin 

Vor  a  ooman  in  distress/ 
Than  took  er  up  behind  en  5 

A  cood'n  do  na  less. 
A.  corr*d  er  trunk  avaur  en. 
An  by  hiz  belt  o'leather 
A  bid  er  hawld  vast ;  on  tha  raw* 
Athout  much  tak,  together 


xx  vm 


ENGLISH  PROVINCIAL  DIALECTS. 


N"ot  vur  th&  went  avaur  she  gid 

A.  whissle  loud  an  long, 
Which  Mr,  Guy  thawt  Tery  strange  } 

Er  voice  too  zim'd  za  strong  ! 
She'd  lost  er  dog,  she  zed  ;  an  than 

Another  whizzle  blaw'd, 
That  stortled  Mr.  Guy  s—  a,  stapt 

Hiz  boss  upon  tha  rawd. 
Goo  on,  zed  she;  bit  Mr.  Guy 

Zmn  rig  beginn'd  ta  fear  : 
Vor  voices  rawze  upon  tha  wine, 

An  zim'd  a  comin  near. 
Again  th&  rawd  along  ;  again 

She  whissled.     Mr.  Guy 
Whipt  out  hiz  knife  an  cut  tha  belt, 

Than  push'd  er  off  !—  Vor  why  ? 
Tha  ooxnan  he  took  up  fcehine, 

Begummers,  war  a  man  ! 
Tha  rubbers  zaw  ad  lad  ther  plots 

Our  grazier  to  trepan. 
I  shoU  not  stap  ta  tell  what  zed 

Tha  man  in  ooman's  clawae  ; 
5ithe,  an  all  o'ni  jist  behine, 

War  what  you  mid  suppawze, 
Th&  cust,  tha  swaur,  tha  dreaten'd  too, 

An  ater  Mr.  Guy 
Th&  gallop'd  All  ;  'twar  niver-tha-near  t 

Hiz  boss  along  did  vly. 
Auver  downs,  droo  dales,  awa  a  went, 

'Twar  da-light  no-wamawst* 
Till  at  an  inn  a  stapt,  at  last, 

Ta  thenk  what  he'd  a  lost. 
A  lost  ?-—  why,  nothin—  but  hiz  belt  I 

A  zummet  rnoor  ad  gain'd  : 
Thic  little  trunk  a  corr*d  aw&— 

Itgawld  g'lorecorttain'd  ! 
NifMr.  Guy  warhirch  avaur, 

A  now  war  hircher  still  : 
Tha  plunder  o'  tha  highwimen 

Hiz  coffers  went  ta  vill. 
In  safety  Mr-  Guy  rawd  whim  ; 

A  oten  tawld  thastorry.  • 
T*  meet  wi'  jitch  A  rig  myzel 

J  shood'n,  soce,  be  zorry. 

STAFFORDSHIRE. 

Kennett  has  recorded  numeious  Staffordshire 
provincialisms,  most  of  which  are  probably  now 
obsolete,  and  would  have  escaped  me  but  for  his 
valuable  collections.  A  valuable  MS.  glossary 
by  Mr.  Olive,  but  extending  no  further  than  B 
in  the  part  seen  by  me,  was  also  found  of  use, 
and  a  few  -words  in  neither  of  these  MSS.  were 
iven  me  by  Miss  L.  Marshall  and  Mr,  Edward 
Gooch.  The  following  specimen  of  the  dia- 
lect, taken  from  Knight's  '  Quarterly  Magazine/ 
1823,  will  sufficiently  exhibit  its  general  charac- 
ter. The  lengthening-  of  the  vowel  i  appears 
very  common.  In  the  collieries  surnames  are 
very  frequently  confused.  It  constantly  hap- 
pens that  a  son  has  a  surname  very  different 
from  that  of  his  father.  Nicknames  are  very 
prevalent,  e.  g.  Old  Puff,  Nosey,  Bullyhed,  Loy- 
a-bed,  Old  Blackbird,  Stumpy,  Cowskin,  Spindle- 
shanks,  Cockeye,  Pigtail,  Yellow-belly,  &c. 

Dialect  of  the  Bilston  Folk. 

The  dialect  of  the  lower  order  here  has  frequently 

,;$en  noticed,  as  well  as  the  peculiar  countenance  of 

vtfie  real  "  Bilston  folk."   We  noticed  ourselm  (up- 


gi 
T. 


on  the  excursion)  the  following:— "Thee  shatn't," 
for  "  you  sh'a'nt ;"  "  thee  cost'na,"  for  < '  you  can't  ?' 
« thee  hostaff,  surry,  or  oil  raosh  thoi  yed  fur  thee," 
for  "take  yourself  away,  sirrah,  or  I'll  crush  your 
head;"  "  weear  bist  thee?"  for  "where  are  you?" 
"in  a  cazulty  wee  loIK>"  for  «'by  chance;"  with 
"thee  bist,  thee  shonna  ;w  «c  you  are,  you  sha'n't.'* 
A  young  woman  turned  round  to  address  a  small 
child  crying  after  her  upon  the  threshold  of  the 
hovel,  as[she  went  off  towards  the  mine,  *'  Ah,  be 
seteed,  yung'un  if  thee  dos'n'r  knoo'  my  bock  as  well 
as  thee  knoo-ast  moy  fee-as."  Some  of  the  better 
apparelled,  who  affect  a  superior  style,  use  words 
which  they  please  to  term  "  dicksunary  words," 
such  as  "easement,  convinclated,  abstiraonious, 
timothy"  (for  timid).  One  female,  in  conversation 
with  a  crony  at  the  «*  truck-shop"  door,  spoke  of 
"  Sal  Johnson's  aspirating  her  tnon's  mind  soo'a,  and 
'maciating  his  temper,"  and,"  I  nerer  seed  a  senti  - 
ment  o*  nothin'  bod  till  it  took  Turn  all  at  once't," 
(sentiment  here  used  for  symptom)  speaking  of  in- 
disposition.— Wanderings  of  a  Pen  and  Pencil. 

Conversation  between  a  Staffordshire  Canal 
Boatman  and  Ms  Wife. 

Lady.  Dun  yo  know  Soiden-mouth,  Tummy  ? 

Gent.  Eees;  an'  a'  neation  good  feller  he  is  tew. 

Lady*  A  desput  quoietmon  I  But  he  loves  a  sup 
o*  drink.  Dun  yo  know  his  woif  f 

Gent.  Know  her  J  ay.  Her's  the  very  devil  when 
her  sperit's  up. 

Lady.  Her  is.  Her  uses  that  mon  sheamful— 
her  rags  him  every  neet  of  her  loif. 

Gent.  Her  does.  Oire  known  her  come  Into  the 
public  and  call  him  all  the  neames  her  could  lay  her 
tongue  tew  afore  all  the  company-  Her  oughts  to 
stay  till  her's  got  him  i'the  boat,  and  then  her  rnlt 
say  wha  her'd  a  moind.  But  her  taks  alter  her 

feyther. 

Lady.  Hew  was  her  feyther  ? 

Gent*  Whoy,  singing  Jemmy, 

Lady.  Oi  don't  think  as  how  Oi  ererknow'd  sing- 
ing Jemmy.  Was  he  ode  Soaker's  brother  ? 

Gent.  Eees,  he  was.  He  lived  a  top  o'  Hell  Bonk. 
He  was  the  wickedest,  swearninst  mon  as  ever  I 
know'd-  I  should  think  as  how  he  was  the  wick<*<U»st 
mon  i'  the  wold,  and  say  he  had  the  rheuuiatiz  iO 
bad. 

SUFFOLK. 

The  characteristics  of  the  Suffolk  dialect  are 
in  all  essential  particulars  the  same  as  those  of 
the  Norfolk,  so  carefully  investigated  by  Mr. 
Forby.  The  natives  of  Suffolk  in  speaking  ele- 
vate and  depress  the  voice  in  a  very  remarkable 
manner,  so  that  "  the  Suffolk  whine"  lias  long 
been  proverbial.  The  natives  of  all  parts  of 
East  Anglia  generally  speak  in  a  kind  of  sing- 
song tone.  The  first  published  list  of  Suffolk 
words  is  given  in  Cullum's  History  of  Hawsted, 
1784,  but  no  regular  glossary  appeared  till  the 
publication  of  Major  Moor's  Suffolk  Words  and 
Phrases,  8vo.  1823,  a  very  valuable  collection  of 
provincialisms.  With  the1  greatest  liberality, 
Major  Moor  kindly  placed  in  my  hands  Ms  in- 
terleaved copy  of  this  work,  containing  copious 
and  important  additions  collected  by  him  during 
the  last  twenty  years  j  nor  have  I  beea  le»$  for- 
tunate hi  the  equally  liberal  loan  of  most  mLu* 


ENGLISH  PROVINCIAL  DIALECTS. 


able  and  numerous  MS.  additions  to  Forby's 
East  Anglia,  collected  in  Suffolk  by  D.  E.  Davy, 
Esq.  Brief  lists  have  also  been  sent  by  Miss 
Agnes  Strickland  and  the  Rev.  S.  Charles. 

An  early  book  of  medical  receipts,  by  a  per- 
son who  practised  in  Suffolk  in  the  fifteenth 
century,  is  preserved  in  MS.  Harl.  1735 ;  an 
English  poem,  -written  at  Clare  in  1445,  is  in 
MS.  Addit.  11814;  and  Bokenham's  Lives  of 
the  Saints  in  MS.  Arundel  327,  transcribed  in 
1447,  is  also  written  in  the  Suffolk  dialect* 

(1)  Extract  from  a  MS.  of  English  poetry  of  the 
fifteenth  century,  written  in  Suffolk,  in  the 
possession  of  W.  S.  Fitch,  Esq. 

Herketh  now  forther  at  this  frome, 

How  this  sheperd  wolde  come; 

To  Abraham  the  tydyngus  comyn, 

The  prophetys  hit  undernorayn, 

That  is  Moyses  and  Jonas, 

Abacuc  and  Elias, 

Ant  foanyell  and  Jeromie, 

And  Davyd  and  I-saye, 

And  Elisen  and  Samuell, 

Thei  seyn  Goddys  cornyng ryjht  well, 

Long  it  were  of  hem  alle  to  telle. 

But  herkynth  how  Ysay  con  spelle, 

A  child  that  is  i-boryn  to  us, 

And  a  sone  i-jevyn  us, 

That  shalle  upholden  his  kyndome, 

And  alle  this  shall  byn  his  nome, 

Wondurfull  God  and  of  my^ht, 

And  revvfull,  and  fadur  of  ry3ht,  i 

Of  the  world  that  hereaftur  shall  byn, 

And  Prince  of  Pes  men  shalle  him  seyn  : 

These  buth  the  nomes  as  36  mowe  i-leven. 

That  the  prophetys  to  hym  jevyn. 

(2;  From  Bokenam's  Lives  of  the  Saints,  written 

in  1447. 

Whylom,  as  the  story  techyth  us, 
In  Antyoche,  that  grete  cyte", 
A  man  ther  was  clepyd  Theodosius 
Wych  in  gret  state  stood  and  dignyte", 
For  of  paynymrye  the  patryark  was  he, 
And  had  the  reule  and  al  the  governaunce, 
To  whom  alle  prestys  dede  obecyaunce. 
This  Theodosius  had  a  wyf  ful  mete 
To  hys  astate,  of  whom  was  born 
A  doughtyr  fayr,  and  clepyd  Margarite, 
But  ryht  as  of  a  ful  sharp  thorn, 
As  proryded  was  of  God  beforn, 
Growyth  a  rose  bothe  fayr  and  good ; 
So  sprong  Margrete  of  the  hethene  blood. 

MS.  Arundel  327,  f.  7- 

(3)  A  Letter  in  the  Suffolk  Dialect,  written  in 

the  year  1814. 
DEAR  PHINND, 

I  was  axed  some  stounds  agon  by  Billy  P. 
our  'sesser  at   Mulladen  to   make  inquiration  a* 

yeow  if  Master— had  pahd  in  that  there  money 

into  the  Bank.  Billy  P.  he  fare  kienda  unasy 
about  it,  and  when  I  see  him  at  Church  ta  day  he 
&ah  timmy,  says  he,  prah  ha  yeow  wrot— so  I  kienda 
wef*t  um  off— and  I  sah,  says  I,  I  heent  hard  from 

Squire  D- as  yit,  but  I    dare  sah,     I    shall 

afore  long— So  prah  write  me  some  lines,  an  sen<3 
mewahd,  wutha  the  money  is  pahd  a*  nae.  I  dont 
know  what  to  make  of  our  Mulladen  folks,  nut  I — 
but  somehow  or  another,  theyre  allua  in  diblei,  an 


I'll  be  rot  if  I  dont  begin  to  think  some  on  em  all 
tahn  up  scaly  at  last;  an  as  to  that  there fulla— he, 
grow  so  big  and  so  purdy  that  he  want  to  be  took' 
down  a  peg — an  I'm  glad  to  hare  that  yeow  gint  it 
it  em  properly  at  Wickhum.  I'm  gooin  to  meet  the 
Mulladen  folks  a'  Friday  to  go  a  bouaden,  so  prah 
write  me  wahd  afore  thennum,  an  let  me  know  if 
the  money  be  pahd,  that  I  may  make  Billy  P.  asy. 
How  stammin  cowd  tis  nowadays— we  heent  no  feed 
no  where,  an  the  stock  run  blorein  about  for  wittles 
jest  as  if  twa  winter— yeow  man  pend  ont  twool  be 
a  mortal  bad  season  for  green  geese,  an  we  shant  ha 
no  spring  wahts  afore  Soom  fair.  I  dipt  my  ship 
last  Tuesday  (list  a*  me — I  mean  Wensday)  an  tha 
scringe  up  their  backs  so  nashunly  I'm  afeard 
they're  wholly  stryd — but  'strus  God  tis  a  strange 
cowd  time.  I  heent  got  no  news  to  tell  ye,  only 
we're  all  stammenly  set  up  about  that  there  corn 
bill — some  folks  dont  fare  ta  like  it  no  matters,  an 
tha  sah  there  was  a  nashun  noise  about  it  at  Norrij 
last  Saturday  was  a  fautnit.  The  mob  thay  got 
3  efijis,  a  fanner,  a  squire,  an  a  mulla,  an  strus 
yeowre  alive  thay  hung  um  all  on  one  jibbit — so  folks 
sah.  Howsomever  \ve  are  all  quite  enough  here, 
case  we  fare  to  think  it  for  our  good.  If  you  see 
that  there  chap"  Harry,  give  my  sarvice  to  em* 

SUSSEX. 

The  dialect  of  the  East  of  Sussex  is  very 
nearly  the  same  as  that  of  Kent,  while  that  of 
;he  West  is  similar  to  the'  Hampshire  phrase- 
ology. "  In  Sussex,"  says  Ray,  English  Words, 
ed.  1674,  p.  80,  "  for  hasp,  clasp,  wasp,  they 
pronounce  hapse,  elapse,  wapse,  &c. ;  for  neck, 
nick ;  for  throat,  throttle ;  for  choak,  chock ; 
et'n  down,  let'n  stand,  come  again  and  fet'n 
anon."  These  observations  still  hold  good.  In 
jSast  Sussex  day  is  pronounced  dee,  and  the  pea- 
lantry  are  generally  distinguished  for  a  broad 
strong  mode  of  speaking.  They  pronounce  010 
final  as  er,  but  this  habit  is  not  peculiar ;  and 
they  often  introduce  an  r  before  the  letters  d 
and  t.  A  "  Glossary  of  the  Provincialisms  in 
use  in  the  County  of  Sussex,"  by  W.  D.  Cooper, 
was  printed  in  1836,  a  neat  little  work,  a  copy 
of  which,  with  numerous  MS.  additions,  was 
kindly  sent  me  by  the  author.  Several  Sussex 
words,  not  included  in  Mr,  Cooper's  list,  were 
sent  to  me  by  M.  A.  Lower,  Esq.,  the  Rev. 
James  Sandham,  Colonel  Davies,  and  M.  T. 
Robinson,  Esq.;  and  Mr.  Holloway's  General 
Dictionary  of  Provincialisms,  8vo.  1838,  con- 
tains a  considerable  number. 

(1)    Tom  Cladpole's  Journey  to  Lunnun,   the 
first  seven  stanzas. 

Last  Middlemus  I  'member  well, 

When  harvest  was  all  over  ; 
Us  cheps  had  hous'd  up  all  de  banes, 

An  stack'd  up  all  de  clover. 
I  think,  says  I,  I'll  take  a  trip 

To  Lunnun,  dat  I  wol, 
An  see  how  things  goo  on  a  bit, 

Lest  I  shu'd  die  a  fool  1 ' 
Fer  sister  Sal,  five  years  agoo, 

Went  off  wud  Squyer  Brown; 
Housemaid,  or  summut;  don't  know  what> 

To  live  at  Lunnun  town. 


XXX 


ENGLISH  PROVINCIAL  DIALECTS. 


Dey'hav'd  uncommon  well  to  Sal, 

An  ge  ur  clothes  an  dat ; 
So  Sal  'hav'd  n-ashun  well  to  dem, 

AngrowM  quite  tall  an  fat. 
I  ax'd  Ol'  Ben  to  let  me  goo, 

Hem  rum  ol'  fellur  he, 
He  scratched  his  wig,  *  To  Lunnun,  Tom  ? 

Den  turn'd  his  quid,  *  I'll  see-' 
So  strate  to  mother  home  goos  I, 

An  thus  to  ur  did  say, 
Mother,  I'll  goo  an  see  OUT  Sal, 

Fer  measter  says  I  may. 
De  poor  ol*  gal  did  shake  ur  head, 

Ah  !  Tom,  rwant  never  do, 
Poor  Sal  is  gone  a  tejus  way, 

An  must  I  now  loose  you  ? 

(2)  A  Dialogue  between  two  Farm-labourers  in 
Sussex. 

Tom.  Why,  Jim,  where  a  bin  ? 

Jim.  Down  to  look  at  the  ship. 

Tom.  Did  ye  look  at  the  stack  ? 

Jim.  Umps,  I  did,  and  it  roakes  terrible  I 

Tom.  Why  didn't  ye  make  a  hole  in  it  ? 

Jim.  I  be  guain  to  it. 

Tern.  It's  a  pity,  'twas  sich  a  mortal  good  un. 

Jim.  Es  sure  !  Well,  it's  melancholy  fine  time 
for  the  crops,  aint  it  ? 

Tom.  Ah  !  it'll  be  ripping  time  pretty  soon  now. 

Jim.  Ah!  I  shan't  do  much  at  that  for  the 
rumatlz. 

Tom.  What  be  guain  to  do  with  that  ere  jug  ? 
You'd  better  let  it  bide.  Do  you  think  the  chlmbley 
•weeper  will  come  to-day  ? 

Jim,  Iss !  he's  safe  to  come,  let  it  be  how  t'wull, 

Tom.  Which  way  do  you  think  he'll  come  ? 

Jim.  He'll  come  athlrt  and  across  the  common. 

Tom.  What,  caterways,  aye  ? 

Jim.  Iss.     Did  you  mind  what  I  was  a  telling  of  ? 

Tom.  To  be  sure;  but  dang  ye  if  I  could  sense  it, 
could  you? 

Jim.  Lor,  yls.  I  don't  think  it  took  much  cute- 
ness  to  do  that  I 

WARWICKSHIRE, 

The  following  observations  on  the  dialect  of 
this  county  are  taken  from  a  MS.  glossary  of 
Warwickshire  words,  compiled  by  the  late  Mr. 
T.  Sharp,  and  kindly  communicated  to  me  by 
Mr.  Staunton,  of  Longbridge  House,  near 
"Warwick :  "  The  diphthong  ea  is  usually  pro- 
nounced like  at,  as  mait,  ait,  plaise,  paise,  waik, 
say,  for  meat,  eat,  please,  weak,  sea.  The  vowel 
o  gives  place  to  «,  in  sung,  lung,  amung,  for 
song,  long,  among  ;  wunst  for  once  t  grun,  fun, 
and  pun,  for  ground,  found,  and^owrcd  Shownd 
is  also  frequent  for  the  imperative  of  show.  A 
and  o  are  often  interchanged,  as  drap,  shapj 
yander,  for  drop,  shop,  yonder ;  and  (per  contra) 
hommer,  rot,  and  gonder,  for  hammer,  rat,  and 
gander.  J  is  substituted  for  d,  in  juke,  jell, 
jeth,  and  jerl,  for  duke,  deal,  death,  and  dead,- 
whilst  juice  is  often  pronounced  duce.  D  is 
added  to  words  ending  in  own,  as  drownded  and 
gownd,  for  frowned  and  gown.  E  is  sometimes 
converted  into  a ,  as  batty,  laft,  fatch,  for  letty, 
toft,  and/etaA,  The  nom.  case  and  the  ace.  are 
factually  and  barbarously  confounded  in 


such  phrases  as,  "  They  ought  to  have  spoke  to 
we ;  her  told  him  so ;  he  told  she  go ;  us  wont  be 
hurt,  will  us  ?  This  is  one  of  our  moat  grating 
provincialisms."  This  MS.  glossary  has  been 
fully  used  in  the  following  pages.  I  have  also 
received  communications  from  Mr.  Perry,  Mr. 
W.  Header,  the  Rev.  W.  T.  Bree,  the  Rev.  J. 
Stauuton,  Mr.  J.  T.  Watson,  and  Thomas 
Haslewood,  Esq.  The  modern  dialect  of  War- 
wickshire contains  a  very  large  proportion  of 
North  country  words,  more  than  might  have 
been  expected  from  its  locality.  They  say  yat 
for  gate,/ew£,  fool,  sheeam,  shame,  weeat,  wheat, 
Yethard,  Edward,  Jeeams,  James,  leean,  lane, 
rooad,  road,  wool,  will,  p-ya&per,  paper,  feeace, 
face,  cooat,  coat,  &c. 

WESTMORELAND. 

"  A  bran  new  Wark  by  William  dc  Woifat, 
containing  a  true  Calendar  of  his  thoughts  con- 
cerning good  nebberhood,"  12mo.  Kendal,  1785, 
pp.  44,  is  a  good  specimen  of  the  Westmoreland 
dialect,  but  of  great  rarity.  This  dialect  is  very 
similar  to  that  of  Cumberland. 

(1)  A  Westmoreland  Diakyue. 

Sarah.  What  yee  hev  hard  hee  yan  ev  my  sweet- 
harts  j  Lord !  This  ward  is  brimful  a  lee  for 
sartan, 

Jennet.  Aye,  thears  lees  enow,  but  I  reckon  that 
Tain. 

Sarah.  Yee  may  be  mistaan  as  weel  as  udder 
fowk ;  yee  mun  know  I  went  to  Amside  tiwer  wie 
aur  Breaady  toth  Bull,  an  she  wod  nit  stand,  but  set 
off  an  run  up  Tawer-hill,  an  throoth  loan  on  tae 
Middle  Barra  plane,  an  I  hefter  he,  tul  I  wer  welly 
brosen.  Dick  wor  cumin  up  frae  Silver  dale,  an 
tornd  her,  helpt  me  wie  her  toth  bull,  an  then  went 
heaara  wie  me,  an  while  ea  lecv  I'll  nivver  tnk  a  kaw 
mair.  Ise  sure  its  a  varra  shamful  sarx'is  to  send 
onny  young  woman  on,  en  what  1  think  nicone  hart 
is  dun  ea  nae  spot  but  Beothans  parish.  En  frae 
this  nebbors  ses  we  er  sweeUurts. 

(2)  A  "  Graliam^r  Letter. 

TBT  HBDD1TUK  BT  XfiWDAt  MKBCUBY. 

Sur,— Es  as  sea  oft  pluagfa  ye  aboot  summut  ur 
udder,  it  maks  me  freetend  et  ye'll  be  gittin  oot  uv 
o*  pashens,  but,  ye  kna,  et  wer  varra  unlarned  In 
oor  dawle,  en,  therefore,  obleigcd  when  In  a  bit  ov  a 
difficuhee  to  ax  sumbody  et  can  enleeten  us  ont. 
Aw  whope,  hooiver,  et  this'en  ol  bc't  last  time  ct  at 
hev  occashun  for  ycr  advice ;  for  if  aw  can  manage 
to  git  hoad  uv  this  situwaslmn  et  aw  hev  uv  me  eef 
ai  be  a  gentelman  oot  days  uv  me  life.  Noo,  ye 
see,  Mr.  Hedditur,  yaw  day  befowre  r'rent  coin  clu, 
aw  meen  afowre  t'time  et  facler  wo*  stinted  to  pay't 
in  i  for't  landlawrd  wiv  micfcle  perswadin  gev  him  a 
week  or  twa  ower ;  but  he  tolled  him  plane  enuf  if  he 
dudentstum  up  that  he  wad  send  fBumtwIUei  t» 
seez  fs ticks  en  turnbyath  farler  en  mmlder,  mew*]  en 
oot  barns,  tut  duer.  O,  man,  thur  landkwrd*  thur 
hard-hart'd  chaps.  Aw  belecv  he  wad  du'Jt  tu,  for 
yan  nlvef  sees  him,  luke  pllssant,  especfaHe  et  farm, 
for  o'its  et  best  condishun,  en  we've  lade  aura  uv 
this  neu-fashencl  manner  et  tfiey  co*  Guanney  ont 
(Padder  likes  to  be  Hke  t'  ncabcrs)*  SaitfcnJy,  It  suitf 
for  yaw  year,  en  theer^s  sum  varra  bonnle  crb^  wbor 
its  been  lade  on  middlln  thick;  but  h  wrfit 


ENGLISH  PROVINCIAL  DIALECTS. 


xxxi 


fend  eg  weel  es  a  good  foad  midden.  Whiah,  Mr 
Hedditur,  es  aw  was  gangen  to  say,  yaw  day  afowre 
t'time  et  Fader  hed  ta  pay't  rent  he  sent  me  wid  a 
coo  en  a  stirk  tuv  a  girt  fare,  they  co  Branten  Fare, 
nar  Appelby,  en  aw  was  to  sell  them  If  anybody  bad 
me  out,  for  brass  he  mud  hev,  whedder  aw  gat  ther 
woortb.  ,ur  nut.  When  aw  was  ut  fare  aw  gat  reet 
intuit  middel  uv  o'at  thrang,  whor  aw  thout  aw 
cudnt  help  but  meet  wid  a  customar  ;  but  aw  was 
was  farely  cheeted,  for  aw  stude  theer  nar  o't  day 
we've  me  hands  uv  me  pockets,  en  neabody  es  mickle 
es  axd  me  what  awd  gayiie  aboot,  en  ye  ma  be  sure 
aw  pood  a  lang  fawce,  tell  a  gude-looken  gentleman 
like  feller  com  up  tuv  me,  and  nea  doot  seen  aw  was 
sare  grhevd,  began  ta  ax  me  es  to  whea  aw  was  ? 
whor  aw  coo  fra  ?  hoo  me  Fadder  gat  his  leeven,  en 
a  deel  mare  sec  like  questions.  Ov  coorse,  aw  telld 
him  nout  but  truth,  for,  ye  kna,  aw  nivver  like  ta 
tell  a  lee  ta  neabody,  en  aw  dudnt  forgit,  et  saame 
time  to  let  him  kna  hoo  badly  off  Fadder  was,  en  hoo 
it  wud  put  him  aboot  when  aw  hednt  selt  beeas. 
T'gentleman,  puer  feller  I  was  a  varra  feelen  man, 
for  he  seemed  a  girt  deel  hurt,  en  gev  me  what  aw 
wanted  forme  coo  en  stirk,  widoot  iver  a  wurd  ov 
barteren.  Efthr  o'  was  sattled,  en  we'ed  gitten  eader 
a  glass,  aw  axed  him  for  his  nyame  to  tak  ta  Fadder, 
en  he  wrayate  me't  doon  wid  a  wad  pensel,  ont  back 
uv  a  lall  green  card  ;  but  unfortunatele  aw  put  it 
intul  me  wayscowt  pocket  en't  name  gat  rubbed  oot 
afowre  aw  gat  hyame.  Ont  tudder  side  et  card,  Mr. 
Hedditur,  was  an  advertisement,  ov  which  this  is  a 
wurd  for  wurd  copy :  j 

«  WANTED  IMMEDIATELY, 
A  MAN  OF  GOOD  CHARACTER, 
At   a  Salary  of  £500  per  Annum, 
To  MIND  HIS  OWN  BUSINESS, 
And  a  further  sum  of  £500, 

TO  LEAVE  OTHER  PEOPLES  ALONE  ! 

{£5*  For  further  particulars  enquire  of  the  Secre- 
tary for  the  Home  Department." 
Et  first  aw  dudnt  tak  mickle  nouticeont;  but  sen 
aw've  been  consideren  that  me  Fadder  is  sare  fashed 
we've  sea  mony  ov  us,  en,  as  aw  suppowse,  all  hev 
as  gude  a  chance  a  gitten  a  situwashun  es  onybody 
else,  aw  want  to  kna,  Mr.  Hedditur,  hoo  aw  mun 
gang  aboot  It.    Aw  eannet  tell  what  sud  ale  me  gitteu 
ont,  for  aw've  alias  bourne  a  gude  carickter,  en  thats 
t'sort  uv  a  chap  they  want,  en  aw've  nea  doot  aw 
cud  sune  larn  t'trade.     Aw  see  it  corns  ta  nar  twenty 
pund  a  week,  throot  yer,  en  its  a  grand  thing  for  a 
puer  body.   T'laborin  fowks  aboot  here  cant  hardlys 
mak  hofe  es  mony  shillens.    O  man,  t'fowk  hes  sare 
shift  to  git  a  putten  on,  noo  o'  days.    But  besides  o' 
that,  aw  can  tell  ye  summet  mare  underneath,  et 
maks  me  want  ta  gang  ta  Lunncn  sea  raickle  es  aw 
suppowse  its  whare  this  situwation  is.    Ye  kna,  Mr. 
Hedditur,  me  sweethart  Nanny  (es  like  ta  sham  we 
tellen  ye,  but  ye  muimet  menshion  four  agen  for 
awt  worl)  es  aw  was  a  saing  me  sweethart  Nanny 
•went  up  ta  Lunnen  ta  be  a  Leddies  made,  en  aw 
sud  like  varra  we'el  to  see  her  et  times.    Es  we  ur 
sea  far  off  taen  t'other,  we  rite  letters  back  en  forrett 
Ivery  noo  en  then  es  udder  fowkdoes;  buttheers 
laytly  been  sum  queer  stowries  in  oor  dawle  aboot  a 
feller  they  co  Jammy  Graam.    They  sa  he's  been 
j*epen  intul  oat  letturs  et  gang  up  ta  Lunnen>  en 
then  tellen  oot  en  maken  ootmischeef  et  iver  he  can 
By  gum  I  if  aw  thout  he'ed  been  breken  t'seals  ov 
my  letturs  es  aw  sent  ta  Nanny— first  time  aw  me 
fcjta  aw  wad  giv  him  sic  a  thumppen  es  he  niver  ga 
in  Ilia  life  befowre.     A  w  wonder  they  hev'nt  kick'c 
tec  a  good-for-nout  feller  oot  uv  t'Post  lang  sen 
when  hes  gilty  uv  sec  like  sneeken  lo-lif  d  tricks  e 


them.    Me  hand's  beginning  ta  wark,  en  aw  mun 
finish  we  beggin  ov  ye  ta  tell  me  o*  ye  kna  aboot 

situwashun,  for  es  detarmend  ta  heft,  en  aw  dunnet 
kna  whea  Secretary  of  t'Home  Department  is,  en 
theerfowre  es  at  a  loss  whea  ta  apply  tu. 
Yer  effecshunet  frind, 

JACOB  STUBBS, 

29th  July,  1844.  fra  t'Dawle. 

PS. — T'wedder's  nobbetbeen  varra  bad  thur  twea 
ur  thre  days  back,  en  thunner  shooers  hev  been  fleen 
aboot. 

WILTSHIRE. 

The  dialect  of  this  county  is  so  nearly  related 
o  that  which  is  denominated  the  West-Country 
dialect,  that  the  distinction  must  be  sought  for 
n  words  peculiar  to  itself  rather  than  in  any 
general  feature.  The  Saxon  plural  termination 
=n  is  still  common,  and  $i  ^  generally  pronounced 
",  Instances  of  their  perfects  may  be  '"T*td, 
nap,  snopt,  hide,  hod,  lead,  lod,  scrape,  scrope, 
Some  of  their  phrases  are  quaint.  That's 
makes  me  out,  puzzles  me ;  a  kind  of  a  middling 
ort  of  a  way  Tie  is  in,  out  of  sorts,  &c.  Mr. 
Uritton  published  a  glossary  of  Wiltshire  words 
n  his  Topographical  Sketches  of  North  Wilts, 
ol.  iii,  pp.  369-80 ;  and  a  more  complete  one  by 
Alcerman  has  recently  appeared,  12mo. 
842.  Many  words  peculiar  to  this  county  will 
e  found  in  the  following  pages  which  have 
scaped  both  these  writers,  collected  chiefly  from 
Bennett,  Aubrey,  and  MS.  lists  by  the  Rev.  Dr, 
rlussey,  Dr.  S.  Merriman,  the  Rev.  Richard 
Irawley,  and  Mr.  M.  Jackson.  The  Cbronicon 
rilodunense,  edited  by  W.  H.  Black,  fol.  1830, 
s  "a  specimen  of  the  Wiltshire  dialect  in  the  fif- 
eenth  century.  It  is  so  frequently  quoted  in 
his  work  that  any  further  notice  is  unnecessary. 
The  following  clever  pieces  in  the  modern  dia- 
ect  of  the  county  are  from  the  pen  of  Mr. 
Akerman. 

(1)  The  Hamet  and  the  Bittle. 

A  harnet  zet  in  a  hollur  tree, — 

A  proper  spiteful  twoad  was  he; 

And  a  merrily  zung  while  he  did  zet 

His  stinge  as  shearp  as  a  bagganet : 
Oh,  whoso  vine  and  bowld  as  I, 
I  vears  not  bee,  nor  wapse,  nor  vly  » 

Abittleup  thuck  tree  did  clim, 
And  scarnvully  did  look  at  him ; 
Zays  he,  "  Zur  harnet,  who  giv  thee 
A  right  to  zet  in  thuck  there  tree  ? 

Vor  ael  you  zengs  zo  nation  vine, 

I  tell  'e  'tis  a  house  o1  mine." 
The  hairnet's  conscience  velt  a  twinge, 
But  grawin'  bowld  wi  his  long  stinge, 
Zays  he,""  Possession's  the  best  laaw ; 
Zo  here  th'  sha'sn-t  put  a  claaw  ! 

Be  off,  and  leave  the  tree  to  me, 

The  mixen's  good  enough  for  thee !" 

Just  then  a  yuckel,  passin*  by, 

Was  axed  by  them  the  cause  to  try: 

"  Ha !  ha !  I  zee  how  'tis  1"  zayshe, 

"  They'll  make  a  vamous  nunch  vor  roe  1"* 

His  bill  was  shearp,  his  stomach  lear, 

Zo  up  a  snapped  the  caddlin 


xxxn 


ENGLISH  PROVINCIAL  DIALECTS, 


, 

wall  down  before  a'  could  vind  it. 
wosbird  I 


MORAL. 

A  el  you  as  be  to  laaw  inclined, 

This  leetle  stwory  bear  in  mind  ; 

Vor  if  to  laaw  you  aims  to  gwo, 

You'll  vmd  theyll  allus  zar  'e  20  : 
You'll  meet  the  vate  o  these  here  two, 
They'll  take  your  cwoat  and  carcass  too  ! 

(2)  The  Genuine  Remains  of  William  Little,  a 

Wiltshire  man. 

I've  allus  bin  as  vlush  o'  money  as  a  twoad  is  o' 
veathera;  but  if  ever  I  gets  rich,  I'll  put  it  ael  in 
Ziszeter  bank,  and  not  do  as  owld  Smith,  the  miller, 
did,  comin'  whoam  vrom  market  one  nite.  Martal 
avraid  o'  thieves  a  was,  ~zo  a  puts  his  pound-bills  and 
ael  th'  money  a'd  got  about  un  in  a  hole  in  the  wall, 
and  the  next  marnin*  V  couldn't  remember  where- 
abouts 'twas,  and  had  to  pull  purty  nigh  a  mile  o' 
Stoopid  owld 

Owld  Jan  Wilkins  used  to  zay  he  allus  cut's  stakes, 
when  a  went  a  hedgin',  too  lang,  bekaze  a'  cou'd 
easily  cut  fem  sharter  if  a'  wanted,  but  a'  cou'dnt 
make  urn  langer  if  'em  was  too  share.  Zo  zays  I  : 
zo  I  alius  axes  vor  more  than  I  wants.  Iv  I  gets  that, 
•well  and  good  ;  but  if  I  axes  vor  little,  and  gets  less, 
it's  martal  akkerd  to  ax  a  zecond  time,  d'ye  kneow  I 

Piple  zay  as  how  they  gied  th*  neam  o'  moonrnJcers 
•to  us  Wiltshire  vauk  bekasea  passel  o1  stupid  bodies 
one  night  tried  to  rake  the  shadow  o'  th'  moon  out  o' 
th'  bruk,  and  tuk't  vor  a  thin  cheese.  But  that's 
th'  wrong  ind  o'  th'  stwory.  The  chaps  az  was  doin'  o' 
this  was  smugglers,  and  they  wasavishin'  up  some 
kegs  o1  sperrits,  and  only  purtended  to  rake  out  a 
cheese  !  Zo  the  exciseman  az  axed  'em  the  question 
had  his  grin  at>em  ;  but  they  had  a  good  laugh  at  he 
when  -em  got  whoame  the  stuff. 

Owld  Molly  Saimell  axed  Molly  Dafter  to  gie  her 
a  drap  o'  barm  one  day.  "  I  ha'n't  a  got  mm  i"  says 
she;  "  bezides,  I  do  wantun  mezelf  to  bake  wiV 

Measter  Goddtn  used  to  zay  as  how  childern  costed 
a  sight  o'  money  to  breng  urn  up,  and  'twas  all  very 
well  whilst  um  was  leetle,  and  zucked  th'  mother,  but 
when  um  began  to  zuck  the  vather,  'twas  nation 
akkerd. 

Measter  Cuss  and  his  zun  Etherd  went  to  Lonnun 
a  leetle  time  zence,  and  when  um  got  to  their  jour- 
ney's ind,  Measter  Cuss  missed  a  girt  passel  a  carr'd 
wi'  un  to  th'  cwoach.  "  Lard,  vather  !"  zays  Etherd, 
"  I  zeed  un  drap  out  at  Vize  I"  (Devizes.) 

(3)  North  Wiltshire  eloquence. 
"  Now,  do'e  plaze  to  walk  in  a  bit,  zur,  and  rest'e, 
and  dwont'e  mind  my  measter  up  ag"m  th'  chimley 
earner.  Poor  zowl  on  hin,  he've  a  bin  despert  ill 
ever  zence  t'other  night,  when  a  wur  tuk  ter'ble  bad 
wi'  th'  rheumatiz  in's  legs  and  stummick.  He've  a 
bin  and  tuk  dree  bottles  o'  doctor's  stuff,  but  I'll  be 
whipped  if  a  do  simbly  a  bit  th'  better  var't.  Lawk, 
zur,  but  T  be  main  scrow  to  be  ael  in  zich  a  caddel, 
ae]  alang  o'they  childern.  They've  a  bin  a  leasin1, 
and  when  um  coomed  whoame,  they  ael  tuk  and 
drowed  the  cam  aelaraang  th'  vire  stuff,  and  zohere 
we  be,  ael  in  a  muggle  like.  And  you  be  lookin' 
ralddlinish,  zur,  and  ael  as  if'e  was  shrammed.  I'll 
take  and  bleow  up  th'  vire  a  mosse]  :  but  what  be 
them  bellises  at  ?  here  they  be  slat  a-two  !  and  here's 
my  yeppurn  they've  a'  bin  and  searched,  and  I've 
agotnarra  'nother  'gin  Zunday  besepts  thisum! 


i  family,  as  the  poor  man's  master  entered  the 
cottage  to  inquire  after  his  health,  and  whether 
he  would  be  soon  able  to  return  to  his  work. 

WORCESTERSHIRE. 
In  Worcestershire,  the  peculiarity  of  speech 
most  striking  to  a  stranger  is  perhaps  the  inter- 
change of  her  and  she,  e.  g.  "  her's  going  for  a 
walk  with  she."'  This  perversion  is  even  used 
in  the  genitive,  "  she's  bonnet."  As  in  Glouces- 
tershire and  Herefordshire,  the  pronoun  which 
is  constantly  used  to  connect  sentences,  and  to 
act  as  a  species  of  conjunction.  At  a  recent 
trial  at  Worcester,  a  butcher,  who  was  on  his 
trial  for  sheep»stealing,  said  in  defence,  "  I 
bought  the  sheep  of  a  man  at  Broomsgrove  fair, 
which  he  is  a  friend  of  the  prosecutor's,  and 
won't  appear ;  which  I  could  have  transported 
the  prosecutor  ever  so  long  agoo  if  I  liked/'  As 
in  many  other  counties,  the  neuter  is  frequently 
invested  with  the  masculine  gender.  A  more 
striking  feature  is  the  continual  dropping  of  the 
i  in  such  words  as  stair,  fair,  pronounced  star, 
far,  &c. ;  and  the  letter  r  is  sometimes  sounded 
between  a  final  vowel,  or  vowel-sound,  and  an 
initial  one.  No  works  on  the  dialect  of  this 
county  have  yet  appeared,  and  the  majority  of 
the  words  here  quoted  as  peculiar  to  it  have 
been  collected  by  myself.  I  have,  however,  re- 
ceived short  communications  from  J.  Noake, 
Esq.,  Jabez  Allies,  Esq.,  Miss  Bedford,  Mrs. 
John  Walcot,  Thomas  Boulton,  Esq.,  Mr.  R. 
Bright,  and  Mr.  William  Johnson.  The  follow- 
extract  is  taken  from  a  MS.  in  my  possession. 

* 

Extract  from  a  MS.  of  medical  receipts  written 
ty  Syr  Tomas  Jamys,  Vicar  off  JSadseye,  about 
the  year  1450. 

For  the  skawle  a  gode  medcyn.  Take  pedylyon 
to  handfulle  ever  that  he  be  flowryd,  and  than  ho 
ys  tendur,  and  than  take  and  sethe  hytu  welle  in  a 
potelle  of  stronge  lye  tille  the  to  halte  be  soddyn 
awey,  and  than  wesche  the  skallyd  hede  in  stronge 
pysse  that  ys  hoote,  and  than  Behave  awey  the  sch&wle 
clene,  and  let  not  for  bledyng;  and  than  make  a 
plasture  of  pedylyon,  and  ley  it  on  the  hede  gode 
and  warme,  and  so  let  it  ly  a  day  and  a  nyth,  and 
than  take  it  awey,  and  so  than  take  thy  tnele  and 
ronnyng  watur  of  a  broke,  and  therof  make  theke 
papelettes,  and  than  sprede  them  on  a  clothe  that 
wolle  cover  al  the  soore,  and  so  ley  it  on  the  ^ore 
hede,  and  let  it  ly  iij.  dayys  and  iij.  nythU's  ever  it 
be  remeveyd,  and  than  take  it  of,  and  wesche  the 
hede  welle  in  strong  pysse  ayenne,  and  than  take  and 
schave  it  clene  to  the  flesche,  and  than  take  rede 
oynownce  as  mony  at,e  wolle  suffyce  for  to  make  a 
plasture  over  the  sore,  and  boylethcm  welle  in  wa- 
ture,  and  than  stampe  them,  and  temper  them  with 
the  softe  of  calamynte,  and  old  barow  grese  that 
ys  maltyne  clene,  and  so  use  this  tylle  the  «eke  be 
hole. 

YORKSHIRE. 


There  are  numerous  early  MSS.  still  preserved 
rhich  were  written  in  various  parts  of  Yorkshire, 

quence  was  utterea  neany  in  a  oreain,  t»y  ivus-   most  of  them  containing  marks  of  the  dialect  of 
tress  Yargei,  the  wife  of  a  labourer  with  a  large  |  the  county.    The  Towneley  Mysteries,  which 


This  elegant  sample  of  North  Wiltshire  elo-   which  were  written  in  various  parts  of  Yorkshire, 
quence  was  uttered  nearly  in  a  breath,  by  Mis-   most  of  them  containing  marks  of  the  dialect  of 

+.UIM.  \Tnfn-aa    4-T-io     mfa  nf  o  lali/\iii«ai*  with  a  Itivrro     flift     /»nnnfir        TKft    TntxrnAtatf    IWuftf^rrAft^     wKifth 


ENGLISH  PROVINCIAL  DIALECTS. 


xxxui 


have  been  printed  by  the  Surtees  Society,  were 
written  in  the  neighbourhood  of  Wakefield.  An 
English  commentary  on  the  Psalms,  translated 
from  the  Latin  work  by  Hatapole,  a  MS.  in  Eton 
College  Library,  was  also  written  in  this  county, 
the  writer  observing,  "  in  this  werke  I  seke  no 
strange  Inglyshe  bot  the  lightest  and  the  comon- 
est,  and  swilke  that  es  maste  like  til  the  Latyn, 
so  that  thas  that  knawes  noght  the  Latyn  by  the 
Inglyshe  may  come  to  many  Latyn  worries." 
A.  metrical  translation  of  Grosthead's  Chasteau 
d1  Amour,  in  MS.  Egerton  927,  was  made  by  a 
"  munke  of  Sallay,"  who  calls  it  "  the  Myrour  of 
lewed  Men."  To  these  may  be  added  MS.  Harl. 
1022,  MS.HarL  5396,  MS.  Coll.  Sion.  xviii.  6, 
and  the  Thornton  MS.  so  often  quoted  in  the 
following  pages. 

Higden,  writing  about  1350,  says  "  the  whole 
speech  of  the  Northumbrians,  especially  in  York- 
shire, is  so  harsh  and  rude  that  -we  Southern  men 
can  hardly  understand  it;"  and  Wallingford, 
who  wrote  long  before,  observes  that "  there  is, 
and  long  has  been,  a  great  admixture  of  people  of 
Danish  race  in  that  province,  and  a  great  simi- 
larity of  language."  See  the  *  Quarterly  Review/ 
Feb.  1836,  p.  365.  There  seem  to  be  few  traces 
of  Danish  in  the  modern  Yorkshire  dialect. 

So  numerous  are  modern  pieces  in  the  York- 
shire dialect,  that  it  would  be  difficult  to  give  a 
complete  list.  The  rustic  of  this  county  has  even 
had  a  newspaper  in  his  native  dialect,  the  *  York- 
shire Comet/ the  first  number  of  which  appeared 
in  March,  1844  ;  but  in  consequence  of  certain 
personal  allusions  giving  offence,  the  publisher 
was  threatened  with  a  prosecution,  and  he  relin- 
quished the  work  after  the  publication  of  the 
seventh  number,  andrefusedto  sell  the  objection- 
able parts.  The  most  complete  glossary  of  York- 
shire words  was  compiled  by  Mr.  Carr,  2  yols. 
8vo.  1828,  but  it  is  confined  to  Craven,  the  dialect 
said  to  be  used  by  Chaucer's  North  country 
scholars.  See  Mr.  Wright's  edition,  vol.  i.  p. 
160.  Dr.  Willan's  list  of  words  used  in  the 
mountainous  district  of  the  West-Riding,  in  the 
Archaeologia,  vol.  xvii.  pp.  138-167,  should  also 
be  noticed;  and  long  previously  a  Yorkshire 
glossary  appeared  at  the  end  of  the  Praise  of 
Yorkshire  Ale,  12mo.  1697.  Thoresby's  list  of 
West-Riding  words,  1703,  was  published  in  Ray's 
Philosophical  Letters;  and  Watson  gives  a 
"  Vocabulary  of  Uncommon  Words  used  in  Hali- 
fax Parish"  in  his  History  of  Halifax,  1775. 
These  latter  have  been  reprinted  in  the  Hallam- 
shire  Glossary,  8vo.  1829,  a  small  collection  of 
•words  used  in  the  neighbourhood  of  Sheffield. 
The  Sheffield  dialect  has  been  very  carefully  in- 
vestigated in  an  Essay  by  the  Rev.  H.  H.  Piper, 
12mo.  1825.  In  addition  to  the  printed  glos- 
saries, I  have  had  the  advantage  of  using  MS. 
lists  of  Yorkshire  words  communicated  by  Win. 
Turner,  Esq.,  William  Henry  Leatham,  Esq., 
Henry  Jackson,  Esq.,  Dr.  Charles  Rooke,  the 
.Rev.  P.  Wright,  Mr.  M.  A.  Denham,  Mr.  Thomas 
Sanderson,  John  Richard  Walbran,  Esq.,  Mr. 
Banks,  and  N.  Scatcherd,  Esq. 


(1)   A  charm  for  the  Tooth-ache,  from  ft* 

Thornton  Manuscript,  f.  176. 
A  charme  for  the  tethe-werke.—  Say   the  charmc 
thris,  to  it  be  sayd  ix.  tymes,  and  ay  thrys  at  a 
charemynge. 

I  conjoure  the,  laythely  beste,  with  that  ilkespere, 
That  Longyous  in  his  hande  ganebere, 
And  also  with  ane  hatte  of  thorne, 
That  one  my  Lordis  hede  was  borne, 
With  alle  the  wordis  mare  and  lesse, 
With  the  Office  of  the  Messe, 
With  my  Lorde  and  his  xii.  pastilles, 
With  oure  Lady  and  her  x.  maydenys, 
Saynt  Margrete,  the  haly  quene, 
Saynt  Katerin,  the  haly  virgyne, 
ix.  tymes  Go.idisforbott,  thou  wikkyde  wonne, 
Thet  ever  thou  make  any  rystynge, 
Bot  awaye  mote  thou  wende, 
To  the  erde  and  the  stane  ! 

(2)  Dicky  Dickeson's  Address  to't  known  world, 
from  the  first  number  of  the  Yorkshire  Comet, 
published w  184=4. 
DEAR  IVVERYBODY, 

Ah  sud'nt  wonder  bud,  when  some  foaks  hear 
o*  me  startin*  on  a  Paper,  they'll  say,  what  in't 
world  hez  maade  Dicky  Dickeson  bethink  hizien  o' 
cummin'  sich  acaaper  as  that?  Wah,  if  ye'll  nob- 
but  hev  hauf  o't  paatience  o'  Joab,  Ah'll  try  ta  tell 
ya.  Ye  mun  knaw,  'at  aboot  six  year  sin',  Ah  wur 
i'  a  public-hoose,  wheate  ther  wur  a  feller  as  wur 
braggin'  on  his  larnin',  an'  so  Ah  axed  him  what  he 
knawed  aboot  onny  knawledgement,  an'  he  said  he 
thowt  he'd  a  rare  lump  moare  information  i'  his 
heead,  ner  Ah  hed  i*  mine.  Noo,  ye  knaw,  Ah 
sudn't  ha'  been  a  quarter  as  ill  mad,  if  ther  hedn't 
been  a  lot  o'  chaps  in't  plaace  'at  reckoned  ta  hev 
noa  small  share  o'  gumption.  Soa,  as  sooin  as  Ah 
gat  hoame  that  neet,  Ah  sware  ta  oor  Bet,  'at  as 
suare  as  shoo  wur  a  match-hawker,  Ah  wud  leearn 
all't  polishments  'at  Schooilmaister  Gill  could  teich 
ma.  Varry  weel,  slap  at  it  Ah  went,  makkin'  pot- 
hukes,  an'  stroakes,  an*  Ah  hardly  knaws  what ;  an* 
then  Ah  leearnt  spelderin',  reading  i*  fact,  all  'at 
long-heeaded  Schooilraaister  Gill  knew  hizsen ;  so 
'at,  when  Ah'd  done  wr*  him,  Ah  wur  coon  ted  as 
clever  a  chap  as  me  fey  ther  afore  ma,  an'  ye  mun 
consider  'at  Ah  wur  noa  small  beer  when  Ah'd  come 
ta  that  pass,  for  he  could  tell,  boot  lukin',  hoo  mich 
paaper  it  wud  tak'  ta  lap  up  an  oonce  o'  'bacca. 
Weel,  as  sooin  as  Ah'd  gotten  ta  be  sa  wonderful 
wise,  d'ye  see?  Ah  thowt-  an'  it  wur  a  bitter  thowt, 
tew!— what  a  pity  it  wor  'at  ivverybody  couldn't 
dew  as  mich  as  Ah  could.  More  Ah  studied  aboot 
it,  an'  war  it  pottered  ma,  Ah'll  assuare  ya.  Wun 
neet,  hooivver,  as  oor  B,et  an'  me  wur  set  be't  fire- 
side, shoo  turned  hersen  suddenly  roond,  an' said. 
««  Thoo's  a  fooil,  Dicky  !"  ««  What !  Bet,  does  thoo 
really  meean  ta  say  Ah'z  a  fooil  ?"  lf  Ah  dew,"  shoo 
said;  "  thoo's  a  real  fooil!"  «  Hoo  does  tamak' 
that  oot,  Bet  ?"  said  Ah,  for  Ah  wur  noane  hauf 
suited  aboot  it.  **  Ah'll  say  it  ageean  an'  ageean," 
says  shoo  j  "  thoo's  a  fooil,  an'  if  ta*s  onny  way 
partikelar  ta  knaw,  Ah'll  tell  tha  hoo  Ah  maks  it 
oot.  In't  first  plaace,  luke  what  braans  thoo  hcz ; 
as  starlin'  as  onny  'at  ivver  thease  gurt  men  hed  ; 
an'  yet,  like  a  fooil  as  Ah  say  thoo  is,  thoo  taks  it 
as  eeasy  as  a  pig  in't  muck,"  «« Weel,  weel/1  Ah 
continid,  "  what  wod  ta  ha'  ma  tadew,  lass  *  Tell 
us,  an'  Ah'll  dew't."  '*  Then,"  sayi  shoo,  "  start  a 
paaper  i*  thee  awn  naative  tongue,  an*  call  It 
f  Yorshar  Ctmet.  Ah'll  be  bun  fort  it'll  pay  u 


ENGLISH  PEOVINCIAL  DIALECTS. 


weel  as  Ivver  gooid  coin  did."  Noo,  then,  as  sooin 
as  Ah  heeard  oor  Bet's  noations,  Ahwuromtnust 
stark  mad  ta  carry  >em  oot,  for  An  thowt,  as  shoo 
did  >at  it  wod  pafcapital,  an'  beside,  Ah  sud  maybe 
be  improovin't  staate  o'  saciaty,  ant  morals  ot 
vicious.  Ye  doan't  need  ta  think  'at  Ah'z  nowt  bud 
In  ignarant  mushnim,  for,  though  Ah  say  t  ^ysen, 
Ah  can  tell  ya 'at  Dicky  Dickeson's  as  full  a  toaw- 
ledge  as  a  hegg's  full  o*  meeat.  Nut  'at  Ah  wants 
acraeko'myfen,  nowt  o't  soart;  it  W*  what  Ah 
says  an'  thinks  o'  mysen,  bud  what  other  foaks  says 
a?  thinks  o'  ma;  an'  if  ye  ha'  no  objections,  ye's 
mst  read  a  letter  'at  Ah  gat  fro'  Naathan  Vickus 
aboot  a  year  an'  ahauf  .to',  when  all  that  talk  wur 
agate  relatin'  ta  Otley  gerrin'  francliised.  It  ran  as 
fellers :  Pig.Coit  Farm,  Octoaber,  1842. 

«  DEAR  DICKY,  A  .. 

«  Ah  mun  confess  'at  Ah've  heeard  some  talk 
aboot  oor  toon  sennin'  two  Members  ta  Parlement, 
an'  if  ivver  it  sud  come  ta  pass,  thoo  ma  toe  suare  at 
Naathan  Vickus  '11  stick  to  tha  up  hill  an'  doon 
daale.  Ah'z  noane  sa  thick,  Dicky,  bud  what  Ah 
knaws  pretty  near  what  a  chap  is  be't  cut ,  on hi.  Jib, 
thoo  unnerstans;  ^  depend  on't  lad  that's  what 
Ah  judges  thee  by.  Thoo'saman  'f^*^™"* 
to't  toon  wheareivver  ta  goes,  an'  if  thers  onny 
feathers  for  onnybody's  cap,  it's  Dicky  DIckaon  >at's 
boon  ta  get  'em,  or  else  Ah's  a  fooil  of  a  judge  o' 
human  flesh,  that's  all.  Ah  hev  varry  gurt  pleasure 
i'  offerin'  tha  ray  voate,  an'  oor  Toby's  in  t  bargain  ; 
an'  Ah  dew  promise  tha,  'at  if  ivvery  pig,  mule  an 
cauf  aboot  my  farm  wur  receavable  as  common 
sense  creators,  thoo  sud  fin'  a  supporter  i  ivvery 
one  on  'em.  Wi'  a  bucket  o'  compliments  ta  the 
f  ister  Bet  an't  rest  o't  breed, 

«  Ah  is,  dear  Dicky, 

"  Moast  respectful  thine, 

«  NAATHAN  VICKUS." 

Ta  Mr.  Dickeson,  Esq. 

Noo,  then,  Ah  ax  ageean,  is  ther  onny  o  ya,  dear 
readers,  as  wodhev't  leeast  bit  o'  doot  o»  yer  minds 
noo?  Is  ther,  Ah  say  ?  Noa  :  An  fancies  Ah  can 
hear  some  o'  ya  chucklin',  an'  sayin',  «  Hurra  for 
Dicky  Dickeson  1  he  flogs  all  'at's  goane  afore  him  1 
An'  let  ma  tell  ya,  'at  so  Ah  meeans  ta  dew ;  an  if 
onny  of  ya  is  trubbled  wi'  seets  o'  ghoasts  or  dul 
thowts,  Ah'll  guarantee  ta  freeten  'em  oot  o  ya,  an 
that's  what  noa  soul  afore  ma's  done  yet.  Bud  Ah 
mua  gi'  ower  writiu'  tul  ya  at  present,  for  oor  Bet 
tells  ma  'at  me  porridge  hez  been  waitin'  this  hauf 
hoor,  an',  as  a  matter  in  coarse,  they're  stiff  wi'  stan- 
nin'.  Ah  can  nobbut  beg  on  ya  ta  read  t'Yorshar 
Comet  ivvery  week,  an',  be  dewin'  soa,  tak'  my  word 
for't,  ye'll  saave  monny  a  poond  i't  yeear  i'  pills, 
boalusses,  an'  all  sich  belly-muck  as  tha  are. 

Bet  joins  wi'  ma  i'  luv  ta  ya  all,  (shoe's  a  deacent 
lass,  is  Bet  I)  an*  wi'  a  thoosand  hoapes  'at  ye'll  in 
courage  ma, 

Ah.  is,  dear  Ivverybody, 

Yer  varry  humble  sarvant, 
DICKV  DICKESON* 

T'Editor's  Study. 

(3)  A  Leeds  Advertisement. 

MISTRESS  BIDDY  BUCKLEBEWIT, 
Laate  Haup'ny  Cheesecaake-Makker  tul  Her  Majesty, 

Begs  ta  inform  f  public  'at  shoo  hez  just 

$ETTEN  UP  FOR  HERSEN  I'  THAT  LINE, 

26,  Paastry  Square,  Leeds, 

Wheare  sha  carries  on 

ALL  THEM  EXTENSIVE  BUSINESSES 
O'tart-makker,  honest  brandy-snap  baaker,  treeaele- 
•tick  boiler,  humbug  importer,  spice-pig  traader,an' 


univarsal  deeaf-nut,  breead,  cheese,  buunack,  an 
Shier-Deer  deealer  ;  an'  fro't.  experience  'at  shoo's 
hed  i'  them  lines  o'  genius  wal  wi'  her  Majesty,  shoo 
begs  ta  assuare  f  inhabitants  'at  shoo's  t'impedence 
ta  think  here's  noabody'll  gi' more  for  t'brass,  or 
sich  inconceeavable  qualaty  as  shoo  will. 

Biddy  Bucklebewit  alsoa  desires  ta  noatice,  at  as 
forpunctualaty,  noabody  can  be  more  soa  ner  her- 
sen  •  for  shoo  awl  us  hezt'oven  host,  an'  what  s  better, 
keeps  a  wheelbarrow  for  t'express  purpose  o'  des- 
patchin' articles  ta  all  t'paartso't  gloabe. 

P.S.-I'  consequence  o't  immense  saale  an'  supe- 
riora'ty  o'  B.  B.'s  goods,  lots  o'  uuprincapled  foaks 
hez  been  induced  ta  adopt  her  receapts  like,  an'  ta 
defraud  her  ;  ta  prevent  which  t'Honarable  Commis- 
sioners o'  Stamps  hez  ordered  'at  all  B.  B.'s  stuff  be 
figured  wi'  a  billy-gooat'sheead,  (them  animals  bein' 
tremendous  fond  o'  lollipop)  soa  'at  noane  i'  futur  '11 
be  ge-nu-ine  but  what  is  ornamented  as  afore  parti- 
calarized.  Be  suare  ta  think  on 

No.  26,  Paastry  Square,  Leeds. 

(4)  Scraps  from  Newspapers. 
fyflwd.—  Felix  Flibberton  hed  a  sad  roond  wi'  his 
wife  this  week,  caused,  as  we're  tcld,  be  Mistress 
Flibberton  bein' guilty  on  a  piece  o'  roguery,  t'like 
o'  which  we  seldom  hear  tell  on.  It's  said,  when 
Felix  taasted  on  his  teea,  t'last  Thursday  mornin% 
he  fan  it  oot  'at  it  worn't  ower  strong,  but,  on't 
contraary,  wur  considerably  weaker  ner  common. 
O'  this  fact  comin*  ta  leet,  he  called  his  wife  tut 
scratch,  an'  axed  as  lovinly  as  ha  wur  aable,  hoo  it 
happened  'at  his  teea  wur  i*  that  pickle.  Noo,  Felix 
an'  his  wife's  coffee  an'  sich  like»  wur  aullus  pre- 
paared  i' separate  pots,— Ah  meean  tea-pots;  an', 
that  mornin',  Mister  Flibberton  hevin'  Tigged  ray- 
ther  long  i'  bed,  his  wife  hed  thowt  proper  ta  gulp 
her  brekfast  afore  he  landed  doon .  T'qucstion  wor, 
hed  t'mistress  ta'en  t'biggest  shaare  o't  teea,  as  theare 
wur  noane  in  t'canister  then  ?  T'poor  woman  said, 
ther  wur  precious  little  ta  mak'  t'brekfast  on  ;  bud 
what  ther  wor,  shoo  divided  fairly,  lecavin'her  hus- 
band be  far  t'bigger  hauf.  Nut  ch.usin'  t.t  believe  all 
'at  his  wife  spluttered  oot,  Felix  shooted  o't  sarvant, 
whoa  depoased  'at  when  shoo  gat  up,  shoo  wur  suare 
'at  theare  wur  then  plenty  i't  canister  ta  mak'  six 
rare  strong  cups.  Efter  adeeal  o'  cross-exam inaation 
between  t'mistress  an't  aarvant,  t'former  began  o' 
roarin',  an'  confessed  'at  shoo  hed  defrauded  her  law- 
ful partner,  devoatin'  tul  her  awn  use  three,  wal  tul 
her  husband  shoo  nobbutleft  one  an'  a  hauf  spooln- 
ful  o*  teea.  Felix  wodn't  grant  noa  pardon  then, 
bud  bun  her  ower  ta  keep  t'peeace  for  three  months ; 
an',  suppoasin*  'at  shoo  brak  it  ageean,  he  threeat- 
ened  sendin'  a  brief  o't  whoale  caase  ta  Mafflter 
Wilklns,  barrister,  an*  ta  tak'  sich  steps  as  he  mud 
advise. 

A  Munificent  Gift.— Dr.  Swabbs,  Physician  extra- 
ordinary ta  ivveryboily  'at  wants  poisoning  he*  once 
more  come  oot  ov  his  shell,  an'  letten  t'wortd  knaw 
'at  he's  t'saamc  Dr.  Swabbs  still  'at  ivver  ha  wor. 
O'  Tuesday  neet,  wal  t'doctor  wur  smookin*  his 
pipe,  an*  swillin'  his  tummlcr  o*  brandy  an'  waiter, 
adepitation  o'raaad-flarvants,  consistin'  o't  cooks  an' 
-  seven  or  eight  noose  an' chaamer-inaads,  wasted  on 
him  wi'  a  Roond  Robin,  petition  in*  for  a  wnmll  do* 
naation  i'  order  ta  buy  amixtur  ta  poison  t*mlce  wi*, 
as  they  wur  gerrfn  varry  Impedent  i'  ther  walks  in- 
tut  kitchen  an*  cupboard;  1' feet,  as't  trmtwarthy 
cook  aaid,  one  on  'em  hed  t*bare-fa&cetJne«s  te  come 
an'  wag  his  tail  i*  her  chocolate,  an4  then  as  bar0» 
faacedly  maade  his  escaape,  wi'oot  ttoppln'  t&  be 
wallopped  fo^t.  T'docfcor  wwt  «oa  momi  be  ttrew* 


ENGLISH  PROVINCIAL  DIALECTS. 


xrcr 


atgements,  'at  he  threw  doon  his  pipe,  brekkin'  on't, 
as  t'hoose-maaid  teld  ma,  thrusted  his  hand  Intul  his 
pocket, "an'  drew  sixpence.  What  a  blebsin'  wod  it 
be  if  men  genarally  wod  nobbut  fuller  Dr.  Swabbs's 
example ! 

A  Litarary  Saciaty  — A  Litarary  Saciaty  hez  been 
formed  i"  Otley  be  some  perseverin'  an'  common- 
sense  young  men,  'at's  ov  apinion  'at  it's  nowt  bud 
reight  'at  they  sud  hev  as  mich  larnin*  as  tha  can 
afford  ta  pay  for.  A  committee's  been  maade,  con- 
sistin'  o*  seven  o't  wisest  o'  thease  conspirators  tut 
owerthraw  o*  ignarance,  an*  rules  drawn  up  an' 
printed  i'  a  hexcellent  style,  varry  creditable  boath 
tut  author  an'  tut  printer  thereon,  Ah's  suare,  we've 
just  seen  a  catalogue  o't  books  they've  already  got- 
ten, an'  as  it  could'nt  miss  but  speik  volunis  i'  ther 
faavour,  we  beg  ta  subjoin  t'naames  on  a  to-three  o't 
principal  warks :— Jack  t' Giant- Killer,  Tom  Thumb, 
Cock  Robin,  Mother  Hubbard,  Jumpin'  Joan,  Puss 
i'  Booits,  Tom  t'Piper's  Son,  an'  a  splendid  haup'ny 
edition  o*  Whittin'ton  an'  his  Cat.  This  is  a  grand 
epportunaty  for  lovers  o'  soond  mathematical,  an' 
other  litarary  pursuits,  ta  come  forrard,  an'suppoart 
an'  sustaan  a  novelty  fro'  which  tha  ma  gether  all 
t'informaation  ther  minds  Is  on  t'luke  oot  for. 

(5)  Deborah  DucJciton's  Advice  Corner. 

Ifyatuke  noatice,  ye  would  see,  'at  flatter  end 
o'  March,  i't  first  quarter,  t'mooin  wurlaad  ovher 
back,  a  suare  sign  o'  stormy  weather.  Ye'll  all 
knaw,  *at  theare's  been  part  frost  an'  snaw  sin' ;  an', 
if  my  judgment  isn't  awfully  wrong,  we's  ha'  some 
more.  Weel,  noo,  i'  frosty  weather,  ye're  aware, 
it's  rayther  daangerous  walkin',  becos  o't  varry  gurt 
slapeness  o't  rooads  an't  flegs  ;  Ah'z  quite  posative 
on't,  for  even  i'  my  time  Ah've  seen  more  ner  one 
long-legged  coavey  browt  ov  a  level  vri't  grund,  an' 
Ah've  seen  monny  a  stoot  an'respectable  woman,  tew. 
Let  me  prescribe  aremady,  then,  for  allsich  misfor- 
tuns.  Shaadrach  Scheddul, — a  celebraated  horse- 
shooer  i'  oor  toon,  propoasecl  ta  sharpen  barns  for 
three-haupence  a  heead ;  lads  an*  lasses,  fro'  ten  ta 
sixteen  year  o'  aage,  thruppance  j  an'  all  aboon  that 
owdness,  whether,  tha've  bjg  feet,  little  fee,t,  or  noa 
feet  at  all,  fowerpence. 

N.B.  Ivvery  allooance  '11  be  maade  for  wooden 
legs ;  an'  o'  them  'at  honestly  doesn't  wish  ta  be 
blessed  wi't  last-naamed  articles  o'  weear,  it'smoast 
respectfully  requested  'at  they'll  avaal  thersens  o't 
sharpenin'  invention.  Shaadrach  Scheddul  alloos 
five  per  cent,  off  for  ready  brass,  or  six  months' 
credit ;— auther  '11  dew. 

Ah  advise  all  laadies  'at  doesn't  wish  ta  hev  ther 
husbands'  stockins  ootraageously  mucky  on  a  wesh- 
in'-day,  nut  ta  alloo  'em  t'privilege  o'  spoartin' 
knee-breeche*,  them  hevin'  been  proved,  be  varry 
clever  philosophers,  ta  be  t'leeadin*  cause  theareof, 
an't  principal  reeason  why  t'leg  o't  stockin'  doesn't 
last  as  long  as  t'fooit. 

^6)  Visits  ta  Diclcy  Dicfason. 
O'  Friday*  Dicky  Dickeson  wur  visited  i'  his 
study  be't  Marquis  o*  Crabbum,  an',  efter  a  deeal  o' 
enquiries  aboot  t'weather,  an'  monny  remarks  con- 
sarnin'  this  thing  an'  that,  flatter  praceedcd  ta  ex- 
plaan  what  ha'd  come  for,  soapin*  an'  smilin'  tut 
larned  editor,  as  it's  genarally  knawn  all  thease  top- 
Wrkers  dew— when  tha've  owt  ta  ger  oot  on  him 
It  appears  'at  t'aim  o't  Marquis  wur  ta  induce  Mr. 
Dickeson,  as  a  capitalist  o'  some  noate,  ta  join  wi' 
him  1'  buyin'  in  all  t'paaper  shaavins  'at  tha-  can  lig 
fcher  bans  on,  soa  as  ta  hev  all  t'traade  ta  thersens. 


Mr.  Dickeson  agreed,  an'  t'fire-leetin*  an*  shaavtt'- 
deealin'  world  is  lukin'  wi'  mich  terror  an*  Int'rest 
tut  result. 

Immediately  efter  t'Marquis  o'  Crabbum  hed 
maade  his  exit,  a  gentle  rap  wur  heeard  at  t'door  o't 
study,  an'  when  Mr,  Dickeson  bad  'em  walk  forrard, 
in  popped  a  bonny,  blue-e'ed,  Grecian-noazed, 
white-tooithed  lass  o'  eighteen,  an' be't  way  i'  which 
t'editor  smacked  her  roasy  cheeks  wi'  his  lips,  here's 
na  doot  bud  it  wur  Nanny  Tract.  Shoo'd  browt  two 
ooatcaakes,  'at  shoo'd  newly  baaked,  ye  knaw.  Mr. 
Dickeson  set  tul  ta  eit  'em,  an'  Nanny  set  tul  ta 
watch  him ;  an'  when  t'first  hed  finished  his  per- 
formance on't  ooat-caakes,  here's  na  need  ta  say  'at 
he  began  o'  squeazin't  latter ;  ay,  an*  ye  ma  say 
what  yn/ve  a  mind  aboot  t'modesty  o't  laadies, bud 
Nanny  squeeazed  him  as  weel,  an'  wor  ther  owt 
wrong  in't,  think  ya  ?  ShallywalJy !  Bud,  hoo- 
ivver,  t'editor  hedn't  been  long  at  chis  gam',  afore 
ha  heerd  another  noise,— a  shufflin',  slinkm'  noise, 
Ah  meean,  an*  nut  a  reg'lar  rap,— ootside  o't  door  ; 
soa,  takkin'  his  shoes  off,  he  crej  t  nicely  tut  spot, 
an',  be  gow  !  if  ha  didn't  fin't  printer's  divil  lissenin' 
theare,  here's  be  nowt  for  tellin*  ya  on't.  Mr. 
Dickeson,  ommust  choaked  wi'  madness  at  this 
turn-up,  (for  wheare's  ther  onnybody'at  likes  ta  her 
ther  love-de-wins  heeard  an'  seen  0  shoved  him  intut 
middle  on  his  study;  an'  commandin*  Nauay  ta  hod 
him  a  minute,  ("which  saame  shoo  did  ta  perfection,) 
he  went  tut  other  end  o't  plaace,  an'  puttin*  on  4 
middlin '-sized  clog,  tuke  a  run  pause  at  t'posteri,  ?rs 
o't  impedent  printer's  divil,  an*  theareby  makkia' 
bim  sing  "  God  saave  t'Queen"  i'  sich  prime  style,  'at 
delicate  Nanny  wur  ta'en  wi'  a  fit  o'  faantin'. 
T'  music  hevin*  ceeased  as  sooin  as  t'performer  wur 
turned  oot,  Nanny  bethowt  hersen  ta  come  roond ; 
bud,  shaameful  ta  say,  her  an'  Dicky  didn't  paart 
wal  fower  i't  efternooin,  at  which  time  t'lass  wur 
wanted  up  at  hoame  ta  darn  stockins  an*  crimp 
frills. 

(7)  Miscellanies. 

Men  an*  women  is  like  soa  monny  cards,  play-ed 
wi'  be  two  oppoanents,  Time  an'  Eternity :  Time 
get's  a  gam  noo  an'  then,  an'  hez  t'pleasure  o'  keep- 
in'  his  caards  for  a  bit,  bud  Eternity's  be  far  t'better 
hand,  an'  proves,  day  be  day,  an'  hoor  be  hoor,  'at 
he's  winnin'  incalcalably  fast. 

Whenivver  ya  see  one  o'  thease  heng-doon,  black 
craape  thingums  'at  comes  hauf  doon  a  woman's 
bonnet  an'  faace,  be  suare  'at  shoo's  widowed,  an,' 
«  Ta  Let!" 

It's  confidently  rumoured  in  t'palitical  world,  'at 
t'tax  is  goin'  ta  be  ta'en  off  leather-breeches,  an 
putten  on  white  hats. 

Why  does  a  young  laady  i'  a  ridin'-habit  resemmle 
Shakspeare  ?  Cos  shoo's  (offen)  miss-cooated  (mis- 
quoted) . 

A  lad  i*  Otley,  knawn  be  t'inhabitants  for  his  odd 
dewins  like,  an*  for  his  modesty,  tew,  wun  day  went 
a  errand  for  an  owd  woman  'at  tha  called  Betty 
Cruttice :  an'  he  wur  sa  sharp  ower  it,  an*  did  it  sa 
pleasantly  beside,  'at  Betty  axed  him  ta  hev  a  bit  0* 
apple-pie  for  his  trouble.  "Noa,  thenk  ya,"  said 
t'lad.  "  Thoo'd  better,  Willy,"  said  Betty.  "  Noa, 
thenk  ya,"  repeeated  t'lad  ;  an'  off  he  ran  hoame, 
an*  as  sooin  as  ha  gat  intut  hoose,  burst  oot  a-roariu* 
an'  sobbin'  as  if  his  heart  wod  brek.  «  Billy,  me 
lad,"  says  his  mother,  «  what's  t'matter  wi'  thar" 
"Wah,"  blubbered  poor  Billy,  "Betty  Cruttice 
axed  ma  ta  hev  a  bit  o'  apple-pie,  an'  Ah  *aid,  No*t 
thenk  ya!" 


atxxvi 


ENGLISH  PROVINCIAL  DIALECTS. 


Poakers  is  like  brawlin'  tongues— just  t'thiags  ta 
stir  up  fires  wi'. 

Why  does  a  inland  sea  resemrale  a  linen-draaper's 
sbop  ?  Cos  it  contaans  surges  an*  bays  (serges  an' 
baize). 

*  What's  said  for  thease  remarkable  articles  ?• 
shooted  an  auctioneer  at  a  saale  to  three  week  sin'. 
««  Here's  a  likeness  o*  Queen  Victoria,  ta'en  in  t'year 
seventeen  ninety-two,  a  couple  o*  pint  pots,*at's 
been  drunk  oot  on  be't  celabraated  Bobby  Burns,  an' 
a  pair  o'  tongs-  'at  Genaral  Faiifax  faaght  wi'  at 
t'battle  o'  Marston  Moor,  all  i'  wun  lot ;  ay,  ay,  an' 
here's  another  thing  ta  goa  wi'  'em,  a  hay-fork  'at 
Noah  used  ta  bed  doon  his  beeasts  wi'  when  ha  wur 
in  t'ark,  sometime  i'  fowerteen  hundred.  Bud, 
hooivver,  it  maks  na  odds  rut  year.  Fower  articles 
bere,  all  antiquaties ;  what's  said  for  'em  ?  Sixpence 
is  said  for  'em,  laadies  an'gennlemen— eightpenceis 
said  for  'em— ninepence,  tenpence,  a  shillin's  said 
for  'em,  laadies  and  gennlemen,  an'  thenk  ya  for  yer 
magnanimaty.  Are  ya  all  done  at  a  shilhn'  ?  Varry 
•weel,  then.  Ah  sahn't  dwell ;  soo  thease  tliree  ar- 
ticles is  goin'."  "  Ye're  reight,  maaster,"  shooted 
a  cobbler  fro't  crood,  "  they  are  goin',  tew ;  for  if 
my  e'es  tell  ma  reight,  theare's  na  hannles  on't  pots, 
na  noase  on't  pictur,  an*  na  legs  on't  tongs." 

"  Hoo  sweet — hoo  varry  sweet — is  life  \"  as  t'flee 
said  when  ha  wur  stuck  i'  treeacle. 

Why  does  a  lad,  detected  i'  robbin'  a  bee-hive, 
ger  a  double  booty  be't  ?  Cos  he  gets  boath  honey 
an.' whacks  (wax). 

A  striplin'  runnin'  up  tul  a  paaver,  'at  wur  ham- 
merin'  an'  brayin'  soa  at  his  wark,  'at  t'sweeat  fair 
ran  doon  his  cheeks,  began  o'  scraapin't  sweeat  off 
his  faace  intul  a  pot  wi'  a  piece  o'  tin.  «  Hollow  !" 
shoots  t'man,  rubbin*  his  smartin*  featurs  wi'  his 
reight  hand,  "what  meeans  tha  ta  be  comin*  ta 
scraape  t'skin  off  a  man's  coontenance  ?"  "  Nay, 
nay,"  said  t'lad,  "  Ah  worn't  scraapin't  skin  off,  noo, 
but  nobbut  t'sweeat,  which  wur  o'  noa  use  ta  ye, 
maaster,  wal  it  war  ta  me,  as  Ah've  been  all  ower, 
an*  couldn't  get  na  g-oo&<j-gr«oase  ounywheare  till  E 
•aw  ye.w 


(8)  A  Fable. 

IV  Fable  book,  we  read  at  school, 
On  an  owd  Frosk,  an  arrand  Fooyl ; 

Pride  craek'd  her  little  bit  o'Brain  : 
(T*  book  o'  me  Neyve,  Muu)  we  a  pox, 
Shoo'd  needs  meytch  Bellies  we  an  Ox ; 

Troath,  shoo  wor  meeghtily  mistayne. 
Two  on  hur  young  ons,  they  pretend 
Just  goane  a  gaterds  we  a  Friend, 

Stapisht  an1  starin',  brought  her  word— 
"  Mother,  we've  seen  for  suer,  To-neeght, 
"  A  hairy  Boggard  !  sich  a  seeght ! 

"  As  big  !  as  big  !  eeh  Loord  !  eeh  Loord  !" 
Shoo  puffs,  and  thrusts,  and  girns,  and  swells, 
[Th'  Bairns  thowt  sho'  or  dooin'  surainot  else] 

To  ratch  her  Coyt  o'speckl'd  Leather  j— 
«  Wor  it  as  big,  my  Lads,  as  me  ?" 
«  Bless  us,"  said  Toan,  "  as  big  as  ye, 

"  Voar  but  a  Beean  anent  a  Blether  I" 
No  grain  o'  Marcy  on  her  Guts, 
At  it  ageean  shoo  swells  and  struts, 

As  if  the  varry  hangment  bad  her. 
Thinkin*  ther  Mother  nobbut  joak'd, 
Th'  young  Lobs  wi'  Uughin',  wor  hawf  ehoak'd  ; 

A  thing  which  made  her  ten  times  madder. 
Another  thrust,  and  thick  as  Hops, 
Her  Pudding's  plaister'd  all  their  Chops, 

'Mess  there  wor  then  a  bonny  stuiriug  ; 
Deead  in  a  Minute  as  a  Stoane 
Allt'Hopes  o'  t'  Family  worgooane 

And  not  a  six-pince  left  for  t'  burying. 
We  think,  do  ye  see,  there's  no  hm.Ul  elumee 
This  little  hectoring  Dog  o'  Fronco 
May  cut  just  sitch  another  Caper  j 
He'll  trust,  for  sartin,  ol  a  pod 
Ye,— mortal  Tripes  can  never  hod 

Sitch  heaps  o'  wind,  an'  reek,  nn'  vapor. 
What's  bred  i' t'  Booane,an'riins  i'  L'  Ulouytf, 
If  nought,  can  niver  come  to  gooyd, 

Loa  Mayster  Melvilk's  crackt  his  Pitcher, 
Mooar  Fowk  are  )>wecatin',  every  Lim', 
A  feeard  o'  being  swing'd  like  him, 

Wi'  Sammy  Whitbread's  twinging  switch'r. 


DICTIONARY 


ARCHAISMS  AND  PROVINCIALISMS. 


A  The  following  are  the  principal  obsolete  and 
J\..    provincial  uses  of  this  letter. 

(1)  AH!  (X.-A:) 

A!  swete  sire,  I  seide  tho. 

Piers  Ploughman,  p.  355. 
A!  Lorde,  he  saide,  fulle  wo  es  me, 
So  fairs  childir  als  I  hafede  thre, 
And  nowe  ame  I  lef te  allone .' 

MS.  Lincoln  A.  i.  17,  f.  112. 

(2)  HE.    A  for  lie  is  common  in  our  old  drama- 
tists, in  the  speeches  of  peasants  or  illiterate 
persons,  and  in  the  provincial  dialects.     See 
Apology  for    the    Lollards,  p.  120 ;     King 
Alisaunder,  7809.    In  the  western  counties,  it 
is  also  used  for  she,  and  occasionally  for  it. 

By  Seynt  Dynys,  a  swer  is  oth, 

That  after  that  tyme  a  nolde 

Fte  ne  drynke  no  more  that  day, 

For  none  kynnes  thynge.       MS.  Ashmole  33,  f.  2. 

Wyth  ys  rijt  hond  a  blessid  him  than, 

And  pryketh  ys  stede  and  forth  he  nam.     Ib.  f.  48. 

(3)  THEY.   Salop. 

(4)  A  is  sometimes  used  in  songs  and  burlesque 
poetry  to  lengthen  out  a  line,  without  adding 
to  the  sense.   It  is  often  also  a  mere  expletive 
placed  before  a  word. 

(5)  Prefixed  to  verbs  of  Anglo-Saxon  origin,  A 
has  sometimes  a  negative,  sometimes  an  inten- 
sative  power.    See  Wright's  Gloss,  to  Piers 
Ploughman,  in  v. 

(6)  ALL.    Sir  F.  Madden  says,  "  apparently  an 
error  of  the  scribe  for  al,  but  written  as  pro- 
nounced."   Compare  1.  936. 

He  shal  haven  in  his  hand 

A  Denemark  and  Engeland.  Havelak,  610. 

(7)  Sometimes  prefixed  to  nouns  and  adjectives 
signifying  of  the,  to  the,  on  the,  in  the,  and  at 
the.    See  Middleton's  Works,  i.  262 ;   Morte 
d' Arthur,  ii.  87 ;  Piers  Ploughman,  p.  340. 

Martha  fel  a-doun  a  Crois, 
And  spradde  anon  to  grounde. 

MS.  Coll.  Trin.  Oxon.  57. 

(8)  Before  a   noun  it  is  often  a  corruption 
of  the  Saxon  on.    See  Havelok,  p.  213  ;  Rob. 
Glouc.  p.  353. 

And  that  hii  a  Lammasse  day  myd  her  poer  come 
Echone  to  Barbesflet,  and  thes  veage  nome. 

Rob.  Glouc.  p.  200. 

(9)  HAVE.   Few  provincial  expressions  are  more 
common  than  "  a  done"  for  have  done.   So  in 


Peblis  to  the  Play,  st.  10,  ap.  Sibbald,  Chron. 
Sc.  Poet.  i.  132,  "a  done  with  ane  miscnaunce/' 
which  is  quoted  as  an  "  old  song"  by  Jamieson, 
Supp.  in  v.  A. 

Richard  might,  as  the  fame  went,  a  saved  hymself, 
if  he  would  a  fled  awaie ;  for  those  that  were  about 

hym suspected  treason  and  willed  hym  to  flie* 

Supp.  to  Hardy ng,  f.  105. 
A  don,  sen's,  sayd  oure  lordynges  alle, 
For  ther  the  nold  no  lenger  lend. 

MS.  Ratv2.  C.  86,  f.  178. 

(10)  ONE.    See  Mr.  Wright's  note  to  the  Alii- 
terative  Poem  on  the  Deposition  of  Richard  II. 
p.  54.     In  the  passage  here  quoted  from  the 
copy  of  the  Erie  of  Tolous  in  the  Lincoln  MS. 
Ritson's  copy  reads  oon,  p.  100. 

Hyre  lord  and  sche  be  of  a  blode. 

MB.  Ashmole  61,  f.  65. 
He  -wente  awaye  and  syghede  sorej 
A  worde  spake  he  no  more, 
Bot  helde  hym  wondir  stylle. 

MS.  Lincoln  A.  1.  17,  f.  115 
Thre  persones  in  a  Godhede, 
Als  clerkys  in  bokys  rede, 

MS.  Ashmole  61,  f .  83. 
Hir  a  schanke  Wake,  hir  other  graye, 
And  alle  hir  body  lyke  the  lede. 

True  Thomas,  MS.  "Lincoln ,  f.  150 

(11)  ALWAYS  ;  ever.   Cumo.   "  For  ever  and  a" 
is  an  expression  used  by  old  rustics. 

A  the  more  I  loke  theron, 
A  the  more  I  thynke  I  fon. 

Tuwneley  Mysteries,  p.  229. 

(12)  AT.    Suffolk.    Major  Moor  gives  it  the  va- 
rious meanings  of,  he,  or,  our,  if,  on,  at,  have, 
and  of,  with,  examples  of  each. 

Have  ye  nat  perkus  and  chas  ? 
What  schuld  ye  do  a  this  place? 

Sir  Degrevant,  368.] 

(13)  YES.    Somerset. 

(14)  AND.,  Somerset.    See  Havelok,  359. 
Wendyth  home,  a  leve  youre  werryeng, 
Ye  wynne  no  worshyp  at  thys  walle. 

MS.  Harl.  2252,  f,  121. 
Chapes  a  cheynes  of  chalke  whytte  sylver. 

Morte  Arthure,  JlfS.  Lincoln,  f.  80 

(15)  An  interrogative,   equivalent  to  what  2 
What  do  you  say  ?     Var.  dial. 

(16)  IF.     Suffolk.      • 

And  yit,  a  thow  woldyst  nyghe  me  nye, 
Thow  ahalt  wele  wete  I  am  not  slayn. 

MS.  Harl.  2252,  f.  ISO 


AAL 


AAT 


(17)  IN. 

Qucxi  Bardus  thanne,  a  Goddes  half 
The  thridde  tyme  assaye  I  schalle. 

Cower,  MS.  Sue.  Anfiq.  104,  f.  158. 
As  h;y  cam  to  the  neyjentende  veiSj, 

As  the  corsynge  endeth  y-wis,, 
That  hoc  opus  eorum 

A  Latyn  y-c)epud  is.  MS.  Coll.  Trln.  Go-on.  57, 
Hammering  this  in  his  heade,  on  he  went  to  the 
smith's  house:  Now,  smith,  quoth  hee,  good  mor- 
row, is  thy  wife  up  ?  No,  quoth  the  smith,  but  she 
is  awake;  go  up  and  carry  your  linnen,  a  Gods 
name.  Cobler  of  Canterbune,  1G08 

(18)  Sometimes  repeated  with  adjectives,  the 
substantive  having  gone  before  and  being  un- 
derstood.    Sec  Macbeth,  iii.  5,  and  the  notes 
of  the  commentators.     It  is  also  occasionally 
prefixed  to  numeral  adjectives,   as  a-ten,  a- 
twelve,  &c.  and  even  a-one,  as  in  Macbeth,  iii.  4. 

Somers  he  lette  go  byfore, 

And  charyotes  stuffede  with  store, 

Wele  a  twelve  myle  or  more. 

MS.  Lincoln  A.  i.  17,  f.  120. 

(19)  A  common  proverb,  "  he  does  not  know 
great  A  from  a  bull's  foot,"  is  applied  to  an 
ignorant  or  stupid  person.    Ray  has  a  proverb, 
"  A.  B.  from  a  battledore,"  and  Taylor,  the 
water-poet,  has  a  poem  on  Coryat,  addressed 
"  To  the  gentlemen  readers  that  understand 
A.  B.  from  a  battledore."     See  JB. 

I  know  not  an  A  from  the  wynd-mylne, 

Ne  A.  B.  from  a  bole-foot,  I  trowe,  ne  thiself  nother. 


MS.  Digby  41,  f.  5. 

A-A.  (1)  Explained  by  Junius  vox  dolentium. 
Hampole  tells  us  that  a  male  child  utters  the 
sound  a-a  when  it  is  born,  and  a  female  e-e, 
being  respectively  the  initials  of  the  names  of 
their  ancestors  Adam  and  Eve.  See  the  Ar- 
chaeologia,  xix.  322.  A  couplet  on  the  joys  of 
heaven,  in  MS.  Coll.  S.  Joh.  Oxon.  57,  is  called 
signum  a-a. 

Aa!  my  sone  Alexander,  wh are  es  the  grace,  and 
the  fortune  that  oure  goddes  highte  the  ?  That  es 
to  say,  that  thou  scholde  alwaye  overcome  thynne 
enemys.  MS.  Lincoln  A.  i.  17,  f.  3. 

(2)  Frequently  occurs  in  an  early  medical  MS. 
in  Lincoln  Cathedral  for  ana,  q.  v.,  and  the 
contraction  is  still  in  use, 

AAC.  An  oak.    North. 

AAD.  Old.     Yorfoth. 

AADLE.    To  flourish ;  to  addle.     Suffolk. 
AAGED.  Aged.   Palsgrave  has  "  aaprcdflyke,"  in 

his  list  of  adjectives. 

AA1NT.   To  anoint.   Suffolk.    See  Aint.   Major 
Moor  is  the  authority  for  this  form  of  the  word. 
See  his  Suffolk  Words,  p.  5. 
AA&IN.    Oaken.    North. 
A  ALB.    Ale.     This  form  of  the  word,  which 
may  be  merely  accidental,  occurs  in  Malory's 
Morte  d' Arthur,  ii.  445. 
AALLE.    All;  every.     ' 

Forf.hy,  my  sone,  yf  thou  doo  ry3te, 
Thou  bChaJt  unto  thy  love  obeye, 
And  foJow  hire,  wille  by  aalle  wey. 

Gower,  MS.  Soc.  Antiq.  134,  f.  50. 

AALS.    Alas! 

Suerties  her  founde  to  come  agayne, 

Syr  Gawayne  and  Syr  Ewayne; 

Aals,  he  sayed>  I  shal  dye !    Sir  Lvrcn/al,  Donee  frag. 


AAN.    (1)  Own.    North. 

(2)  Anan !  what  say  you  ?     East. 

(3)  On. 

A  sterte  to  his  helm  and  pult  him  aan, 
And  to  Olyver  fHanne  a  seide.     MS.  Axhmole  33,  f.  3 
Do.  ccsy  i  anon  fhyn  armya  aan, 
Andaray  tne  in  syker  wede.  Ibid.  i.  44. 

AANDE.  Breath.  This  is  the  Danish  form  of 
the  word,  although  it  more  usually  occurs  in 
the  Thornton  MS.  with  one  a.  See  And. 
This  MS.  was  written  in  Yorkshire,  a  dialect 
which  contains  much  of  the  Danish  language. 
In  old  Scotch,  it  is  Aynd;  Su.  Got.  Ande; 
IslAnde;  Dan.  Aande ;  Swed.  Ande.  See 
Hire,  in  v.  Ande.  Aand  also  occurs  in  the 
Morte  d' Arthur,  Lincoln  MS,,  f.  67,  but  is  ap- 
parently a  mistake  for  the  conjunction  and. 

Thay  hadd  crestis  one  thaire  heddez,  and  thaire 
brcstez  ware  bryghte  lyk  golde,  and  thaire  mowthes 
opene  ;  thaire  aande  slewe  any  qwikk  thynge  that  it 
smate  apone,  and  oute  of  thaire  eghne  ther  come 
flammes  of  fyre.  MS.  Lincoln  A.  i.  17,  f.  28. 

This  aand  that  men  draus  oft, 
Betakens  wynd  that  blaws  o-loft. 

MS.  Cott.  Vespas,  A.  iii.  f.  4. 

AANDORN.  An  afternoon's  repast,  or  any  oc- 
casional refection  after  dinner ;  also  simply  the 
afternoon,  in  which  latter  sense  it  is  a  corrup- 
tion of  undem,  q.  v.  Cmnb.  It  would  in  the 
North  be  pronounced  much  like  amdern,  q.  v. 
This  form  of  the  word  is  found  in  the  Glos- 
sarium  Northanhymbricuin  at  the  end  of  Ray. 
AANE.  The  beard  growing  out  of  barley  or 
other  grain. 

We  call  it  [wheat]  pold  or  pollard,  that  hath  no 
aancs  upon  the  eares.  And  that  we  cull  the  aane, 
which  groweth  out  of  the  eare,  like  a  long  pricke 
or  a  dart,  whereby  the  eare  is  defended  from  the 
danger  of  birds.  Googe's  Husbandry,  1577*  f'  25, 

AAR.    Ere;  before. 

And  when  hy  ben  of  thritty  yaar, 

Hy  ben  broun  of  hare,  as  hy  weren  aar. 

Kt/nff  Alisaunder,  5033, 
AARM.    The  arm. 

Judas  seide,  What  wilt  thou  that  be  joven  to  thee 

for  a  wed  ?  Sche  answeride,  thi  ring  and  thi  bye  of 

the  aarm,  and  the  staff  whiche  thou  holdist  in  tMn 

hond.  mcJelifftt,  MS.  Bodl.  277. 

AARMJSD.    Armed. 

Therfoie  for  Crist  suffride  in  fleisch,  be  70  also 
aarmed  bi  the  same  thenking;  for  he  that  suffride 
in  fleische  cecsside  fro  synnes. 

Wmkliffifs  W«w  Tfgt.  p.  228, 
AARON.    The  herb  wakerobin.    See  Cot  grave, 

in  v.    Ve&ii. 

AARS.   The  anus.    This  unusual  form  occurs  in 
the  Middlehill  MS.  of  the  Promptorhim.    See 
Prompt.  Parv.,  p.  14,  in  v.  Ars.     In  Dutch 
we  have  aarzelen,  to  go  backward,  which  in- 
volves the  same  form  of  the  word. 
AAS.   Aces.     See  Ambus-as. 
Stille  be  thou,  Sathanas ! 

The  ys  fallen  ambes  ««*.    HarroioinffofHrlt,  p.  21 
In  Reynard  the  Foxe,  p.  62,  "  a  pylgrym  of 
deux  aas"  is  apparenUy'ayplied  to  a  pretended 
pilgrim. 

AAT.  Fine  oatmeal,  with  which  pottage  istluek* 
ened.  See  Markham's  English  Housewife, 
quoted  in  Boucher's  Glossary,  ia  v-  JBannocls. 


ABA 

AATA.    After.     Suffolk. 
AATH.    An  oath.    North. 
AAX.    To  ask. 

Whan  alle  was  spoke  of  that  they  mente. 

The  kynge,  with  alle  his  hole  entente, 

Thanne  at  laste  hem  aaxeth  this, 

What  kynge  men  tellen  that  he  is  ? 

Gower,  MS.  Soc.  Antiq.  134,  f.  219. 

AB.    The  sap  of  a  tree. 

Yet  diverse  have  assaied  to  deal e without  okes  to 
that  end,  but  not  with  so  good  successe  as  they  have 
hoped,  bicause  the  ab  or  juice  will  not  so  soonebe 
removed  and  cleane  drawue  out,  which  some  attri- 
bute to  want  of  time  in  the  salt  water. 

Harrison's  Description  of En  gland,  p.  213. 

ABAC.    Backwards.    North. 
Ac  dude  by-holde  abac, 

And  hudde  his  eyjen.      MS.  Coll.  Trin.  Oxon. 

ABACK-A-BEHINT.  Behind;  in  the  rear.  North. 

AB  ACTED.  Driven  away  by  violence.    Minsheu. 

ABADE.  ,  (1)  Abode;   remained.     See  Ritson's 

Met.  Rom.  iii.  288  ;  Ywaine  and  Gawin,  1180; 

Visions  of  Tundale,  p.  67 ;  Sir  Tristrem,  pp. 

232,  275,  293,  297. 

This  kyng  Cad  wall  his  feast  at  London  made; 
To  hym  all  kynges,  as  soverayne  lorde,  obeyed, 
Save  kyng  Oswy,  at  home  that  tyme  abade. 

Hardyng's  Chronicle,  f.  91. 

(2)  Delay.    See  Archseologia,  xxi.  49,  62 ;    Sir 
Tristrem,  p.  145 ;  Golagros  and  Gawane,  311. 
For  soone  aftir  that  he  was  made, 
He  fel  wlthouten  lenger  abade . 

Cursor  Mund.i>  MS.  Colt.  Trin.  Cantab,  f.  3. 
Anoynt  he  was  withouten  abade t 
And  kyng  of  tho  Jewes  made,  Ibid.  f.  46. 

Wyth  the  knyght  was  non  abad, 
He  buskyd  hyme  forth  and  rade. 

MS.  Canta.1.  Ff .  i.  6, 
ABAFELLED.    Baffled;  indignantly.treated. 

What,  do  you  think  chill  be  abajetted  up  and 

down  the  town  for  a  messel  add  a  scoundrel  ?  no  chy 

bor  you:    zirrah,  chil  come,  zay  no  more;    chill 

come,  tell  him.  The  London  Prodigal,  p.  21. 

ABAISCHITE.   .Ashamed. 

I  was  abaischite  be  oure  Lorde  of  oure  beste  bernes  J 
Morte  Arthurs,  MS.  Lincoln,  f.  56. 

ABAISSED.    Ashamed;  abashed. 

And  unboxome  y-be, 
Nouht  abaissed  to  agulte 
God  and  alle  good  men, 
So  gret  was  myn  herte. 

Piers  Ploughman,  p.  518. 

ABAIST.  The  same  as  Abaissed,  q.  v.  See 
LangtofVs  Chron.  pp.  170, 272 ;  WiclinVs  New 
Test.  p.  261 ;  Chaucer,  Cant.  T.  8193,  8887 ; 
Ywaine  and  Gawin,  846. 

The  grape  that  thou  helcle  in  thi  hand,  and  keste 
under  thi  fete,  and  trade  therone,  es  the  citee  of 
Tyre,  the  whilk  thou  salle  wynne  thurgh  strcnth, 
and  trede  it  with  tht  fote,  and  therfore  be  nathynge 
abaiste.  Life  of  Alexander,  MS.  Lincoln,  f.  5. 

Hou  unstable  the  world  is  here,, 
For  men  sclmlde  ben  abatet. 

MS.  Aahmole  41,  f.  16, 

ABAJCWARD.    Backwards. 

In  gryht  ous  sette  and  shyld  vrom  shome, 
That  turnst  abdkward  Eves  norne. 

Reliq.  Antiq.  ii.  228. 

ABALIENATE.  To  alienate;  to  transfer  pro- 
perty from  on1}  to  another.  Rider, 


*  ABA 

ABAND.    To  forsake ;  to  abandon. 
Let  us  therefore  both  cruelty  ibnntie, 
And  prudent  seeke  both  gods  and  men  to  please. 
Mirourfor  Magistrates,  p.  27 . 

ABANDON.  (1)  Liberally;  at  discretion.  (A.-N.) 
Roquefort,  in  v.  Bandon,  gives  the  original 
French  of  the  following  passage : 
Aftir  this  swift  gift  tis  but  reason 
He  give  hisgode  too  in  abandon. 

Rom.  of  the  Rose,  2342, 

(2)  Entirely ;  freely.     (A.-N.) 

His  ribbes  and  scholder  fel  adoun, 
Men  might  se  the  liver  abandons. 

Ai'thow  and  Merlin,  p.  223. 

(3)  Promptly.     (^.-JV.) 

Ther  com  an  hundred  knightes  of  gret  might, 
Alle  thai  folwed  him  abaundoun. 

Gy  of  Wartvike,  p.  181. 

ABANDUNE.  To  subject.  See  Golagros  and 
Gawane,  275. 

Fortune  to  her  lawys  can  not  abandune  me, 
But  I  shalt  of  Fortune  rule  the  reyne. 

Skelton's  Works,  i.  273. 
ABARRE.    To  prevent. 

The  lustie  yoong  gentlemen  who  were  greedle  to 
have  the  preie,  but  more  desirous  to  have  the  honor, 
were  in  a  great  agonie  and  greefe  that  they  were  thus 
aban-ed  from  approching  to  assaile  the  citie. 

Holinshed,  Hist,  of  Ireland,  p.  37. 
Reducynge  to  remembraunce  the  prysed  memo- 
ryes  and  perpetuall  renowned  factes  of  the  famouse 
princes  of  Israel,  which  did  not  only  abarre  ydola- 
trye  and  other  ungodlynesse,  but  utterly  abolished 
all  occasyons  of  the  same, 

Wrights  Monastic  Letters,  p.  209. 
ABARSTICK.      Insatiableness.     This  word  is 
found  in  Cockeram,  Skinner,  and  most  of  the 
later  dictionaries. 
ABARSTIR.     More  downcast. 

Bot  ever  alas !  what  was  I  wode  ? 
Myght  no  man  be  abarstir. 

Towneley  Mysteries,  p.  281, 

ABASCHED.  Ahashed ;  ashamed. 
The  lady  was  abasched  withalle, 
And  went  downe  ynto  the  halle. 

MS.  Cantab.  Ff.  ii.  38,  f.  109. 

ABASE.  To  cast  down ;  to  humble.  See  the 
Faerie  Queene,  II.  ii.  32.  Among  illiterate 
persons,  it  is  used  in  the  sense  of  debase. 
Harrison  uses  it  in  this  latter  sense  applied  to 
metal,  in  his  Description  of  England,  prefixed 
to  Holinshed,  p.  218. 

ABASSCHT.  Abashed.  See  Maundevile's  Tra- 
vels, p.  226.  This  word  occurs  in  a  great  va- 
riety of  forms.  It  seems  to  be  used  for  injured, 
in  the  Morte  d' Arthur,  i.  366,  "  He  smote  Syr 
Palomydes  upon  the  hehne  thryes,  that  he 
atasshed  his  helme  with  his  strokes." 
ABAST.  (1)  Downcast. 

Wist  Isaac  where  so  he  were, 
He  wold  be  abast  now, 
How  that  he  is  in  dangere. 

Towneley  JMj/steriet,  p.  37» 

(2)  A  bastard.    See  Arthour  and  Merlin,  as 
x  quoted  in  EUis's  Met.  Rom,,  ed.  1811,  i.  301, 

where  probably  the  word  should  be  printed 

a  bast. 
AB  ASTARDIZE.   To  render  illegitimate  or  base. 

See  HoHyband's  Dictionarie,  1593. 


ABA 

Being  ourselves 

Corrupted  and  abattardized  thus, 
Thinke  all  lookes  ill,  that  doth  notlooke  like  us. 
Daniel's  Qitrerics  Arcadia,  1606,  f.  ult. 

ABASUKE.    An  abasement.     Miege. 
ABATAYLMENT.    A  battlement. 
Of  harde  hewen  stou  up  to  the  tables, 
Enbaned  under  the  abataylwent  in  the  best  lawe. ' 

Syr  Gaivayne,  p.  30. 

ABATE.  (1)  To  subtract,  A-batyn,  subtraho. 
Prompt.  Parv.  This  was  formerly  the  arith- 
metical term  for  that  operation.  To  abate  in 
a  bargain,  to  lower  the  price  of  any  article,  was 
very  common.  See  Prompt.  Parv.  p.  314 ; 
Davies's  York  Records,  p.  156 ;  Kara  Mat. 
p.  60. 

Then  abate  the  lesse  noumbre  of  these  tuo  in 
the  umbre  toward  fro  the  more,  and  kepe  wele  the 
difference  bytuene  tho  tuo  noumbres. 

MS.  Sloane>  213,  f.  120. 

(2)  Applied  to  metal  to  reduce  it  to  a  lower 
temper.  SeeHorio,inv..Bmeafcare.  It  is  often 
metaphorically  used  in  the  sense  of  to  depress, 
variously  applied.    See  Hall's  Iliad,  1581,  p. 
125;  Persones  Tale,  p.  83 ;  Townley  Mysteries, 
p.  194  ;  Nugse  Antiquse,  i.  4 ;  Coriolanus,  iii. 
3  ;  Sterline's  Croesus,   1604  ;  Britton's  Arch. 
Antiq.  iv.  13;  Hall's  Union,  Henry  VIII.  f.  133. 

(3)  To  beat  down,  or  overthrow.  Blount. 

(4)  To  flutter ;  to  beat  with  the  wings.  Several 
instances  of  this  hawking  term  occur  in  the 
Booke  of  Hawkyng,  printed  in  Reliq.  Antiq.  i. 
293-308.    It  seems  to  be  used  as  a  hunting 
term  in  Morte  d' Arthur,  ii.  355. 

(5)  To  disable  a  writ.    A  law  term. 

Any  one  short  clause  or  proviso,  not  legal,  is  suffi- 
cient to  abate  the  whole  writ  or  instrument,  though 
in  every  other  part  absolute  and  without  exception, 
Sandei  son's  Sermons,  1689,  p.  30. 

(6)  To  cease. 

Ys  continaunce  abated  eny  bost  to  make. 

Wright's  Political  Songs,  p.  216. 

(7)  To  lower ;  applied  to  banners,  &c.   See  We- 
ber's Met.  Rom.  ii.   477;    Octovian,  1744; 
Deposition  of  Richard  II.  p.  30. 

The  stiward  was  sconfited  there, 
Abated  was  the  meister  banere. 

Gy  of  Warwike,  p.  440. 

ABATEMENT.  (1)  An  abatement,  according  to 
Randal  Holme,  "  is  a  mark  added  or  annexed 
to  a  coat  [of  arms]  by  reason  of  some  dishon- 
ourable act,  whereby  the  dignity  of  the  coat  is 
abased."  See  his  Academy  of  Armory,  p.  71. 

(2)  A  diversion  or  amusement.  North.  See  Ma- 
lone's  Shakespeare,  v.  311 ;  Jamieson,  in  v. 
dbaitment. 

ABATY.    To  abate. 

And  that  he  for  ys  nevew  vrolde,  for  to  a-baty  stryf, 
Do  hey  amendement,  sawve  lyme  and  lyf. 

Rob.  Glouc.  p.  54. 

ABAUED.    Astonished.     See  Abaw. 
Many  men  of  his  kynde  sauh  him  so  abaved. 

Langtoffs  Chron.  p.  210. 

ABATJT.    About.     North. 

ABAVE.  To  be  astonished.  Abaued,  q.  v.,  in 
Langtoffc's  Chronicle,  p.  210,  ought  perhaps  to 
be  •written  Abaved.  See  an  instance  of  this 
word  in  a  fragment  printed  at  the  end  of  the  j 


ABB 

Visions  of  Tundale,  p.  94,  which,  is  merely  an 
extract  from  Lydgate's  Life  of  the  Virgin  Mary, 
although  it  is  inserted  as  a  separate  production. 
Of  this  terrible  dt.olful  inspeccioun, 
The  peeplis  hertjs  gretlygan  abave. 

L:,dgate's  Minor  Poems,  p.  144. 
ABAW.    (1)     To  bow ;  to  bend. 

Alle  the  knyghtes  of  Walls  londe, 
Ho  made  abaw  to  hishonde. 

MS.  Cantab.  Ff.  v.  48,  f.  101. 
(2)  To  astonish ;  to  confound. 
Lokehow  je  mow  be  abawed, 
That  seye  that  the  Jewe  ys  saved. 

MS.  Hart.  1701,  f.  63- 
ABAWT.    Without.     Staffordsh. 
ABAY.    At  bay.    See  Kyng  Alisaunder,  3882 ; 
Shakespeare's  Venus  and  Adonis,  ed.  Dyce, 
p.  42,  divided  by  that  editor  into  two  words. 
See  Abbay  ;  Cotgrave  in  v.  Rendre.    Our  third 
example  exhibits  it  both  as  a  substantive  and 
a  verb. 
And  \vhere  as  she  hang,  thei  stood  at  aliay. 

MS.  Laud.  735,  f.  19. 
Thus  the  forest  thay  fraye, 
The  hertis  bade  at  abaye. 

Sir  Deffrevante,  MS.  Line,  f,  131. 
And  this  doon,  every  man  stond  abrod  and  blowe 
thft  deeth,  and  make  a  short  abay  for  torewarde  the 
houndes,  and  every  man  have  a  smal  rodde  yn  his 
hond  to  holdeof  the  houndes  that  thei  shul  the  bet- 
ter abaye.  AT&  Btidl.  546. 

ABAYSCHID.     Frightened.     Abaschyd,  or  a- 
ferde;  territus,  perterritus.    Prompt.  Parti. 

And  anoon  the  damysel  roos  and  walkide :  and 
sche  was  of  twelve  yeer,  and  thei  weren  abayscMc. 
with  a  greet  stoneyng.       WicMiffe's  NTt'«?  Test.  p.  41 
ABAYSSHETTE.    Abashed. 

The  kyng  of  Scotlond  was  tho  all  abaysshette. 

Chron.  Vilodun.  p.  25. 

ABAYST.    Disappointed. 

And  that  when  that  they  were  travy&t, 
And  of  herborow  were  abayst. 

Brit.  Bill  iv.  fl3 

What  thyng  that  50  wille  to  me  saye, 
3ow  thare  noght  be  abayste, 

MS.  Lincoln  A.  i.  17,  f.  18. 

ABAYSTE.    Abashed.    See  Abaht. 

Syr  Eglamour  es  noghte  abayste, 
In  Goddis  helpe  es  alle  his  trayste. 

Sir  Eglamour,  MS.  Lincoln>  f.  124. 

ABB.  The  yarn  of  a  weaver's  warp.  Ify ton's  MS, 

additions  to  Junius,  in  the  Bodleian  Library. 
ABBARAYED.    Started. 

And  aftyr  that  he  knonnyngly  abbarayed, 
And  to  the  kyng  evyn  thus  he  sayd, 

Lydgate's  Minor  Poem*,  p.  4. 
ABBAS.    An  abbess. 

The  abbas,  and  odur  nonnes  by, 
Tolde  hyt  full  openlye. 

Le  Bt>na  Flarence  of  Rome,  1926, 
ABB  AY.    To  bay  j  to  bark.  An  abbay,  or  bark- 
ing.— Minskeu.   See  Abay.   To  keep  at  abbay, 
to  keep  at  bay.    See  Biwet's  Alvearie,  in  v. 
ABBEN.    To  have.    Different  parts  of  this  verb 
occur  in  Robert  of  Gloucester,  p,  166,  &c. 
Mafceth  ous  to  don  sunne, 
And  abben  to  monkunne.        MS*  Digby  8^»  f.  127 

ABBEY.  (1)  The  great  white  poplar,  one  of  the 
varieties  of  the  popuha  alba.     West* 


ABC 

(2)  To  bring  an  abbey  to  a  grange,  is  an  old  pro- 
verbial expression.  See  Skelton's  Works,  i. 
327,  and  the  notes  of  the  Editor  upon  the 
phrase. 

ABBEY-LUBBER.  A  term  of  reproach  for  idle- 
ness. Somerset.  It  is  found  in  the  diction- 
aries of  Cotgrave,  Howell,  Miege,  and  others. 
See  also  Lyly's  Euphues;  Herrick's  Works, 
i.  128. 

The  most  of  that  which  they  did  bestow  was  on 
the  riche,  and  not  the  poore  in  dede,  as  halt,  lame, 
blmde,  sicke  or  impotent,  but  lither  lubbers  that 
might  worke  and  would  uot.  In  so  much  that  it  came 
into  a  commen  proverbe  to  call  him  an  abbay-lubbert 
that  was  idle,  wel  fed,  a  long  lewd  lither  loiterer, 
that  might  worke  and  would  not. 

The  Burnynge  of  Paules  Church,  1563. 
ABBIGGET.    Expiate;  pay  for. 
Alle  they  schalle  abbigget  dure, 
That  token  him  in  that  tide.  MS.  Ashmole  33,  f .  14. 
ABBLASTRE.     A  crossbow-man.      This  form 
occurs  in  the  Herald's  College  MS.  of  Robert 
of  Gloucester,  Hearne's  edition,  pp.  372,  378. 
ABBOD.    An  abbot. 
The  byssop  hym  ansuerede,  and  the  abbod  Dynok. 

Rob.  Gfouc.  p.  234. 

ABBOT-OF-MISRULE.  A  person  who  super- 
intended the  diversions  of  Christmas,  other- 
wise called  the  Lord  of  Misrule,  q.  v.  See 
Collier's  Annals  of  the  Stage,  i.  54  ;  Hampson's 
Kalendarium,  i.  117;  Warton's  Hist.  Engl. 
Poet.  ii.  525;  Brand's  Pop.  Antiq.  i.  276. 
Howell,  in  the  list  of  games  appended  to  his 
Lexicon,  mentions  the  game  of  the  abbot,  which 
may  be  an  allusion  to  this  custom. 
A  BBREVYATE.  Decreased. 

Thyspoetycall  schoole,  mayster  corrector  of  breves 
and  longes*,  caused  Collyngborne  to  bee  abhrevyate 
shorter  by  the  heade,  and  to  bee  devyded  into  foure 
quarters.  Hall's  Union,  Richard  III.  f.  18. 

ABBROCHYN.  To  broach  a  barrel.  Abbrochyn 
or  attamyn  a  vesselle  of  drynke,  attamino. — 
Prompt.  Parv. 

ABBUT.    Aye  but.     YorJesh. 
ABBYT.    A  habit. 

And  chanones  gode  he  dede  therinne, 
Untherthe  abbyt  ofseyiite  Austynne. 

Wright's  St.  Patrick's  Purgatory,  p.  66. 

A-B-C.  Strutt,  in  his  Sports  and  Pastimes, 
p.  398,  has  printed  a  curious  alliterative  alpha- 
bet, called  the  ABC  of  Aristotle,  There  are 
copies  of  it  in  MSS.  Harl.  541,  1304,  1706, 
MS.  Lambeth  853,  and  MS.  Cantab.  If.  v. 
48.  One  of  the  MSS.  ascribe  it  to  a  "Mayster 
Bennet.7'  It  is  very  likely  the  original  of  com- 
positions like  "  A  was  an  apple-pie,"  in  books 
'  of  nursery  rhymes. 

A-B-C-BOOK.  A  catechism,  hornbook,  or 
primer,  used  for  teaching  children  the  first 
rudiments  of  reading;  sometimes,  the  alphabet 
in  general.  See  King  John,  i  1 ;  Lydgate's 
Minor  Poems,  p.  87;  Maitland's  Early  Printed 
Books  in  the  Lambeth  Library,  p.  311;  Cata- 
logue of  Douce's  MSS.  p.  42. 

In  th<?  A  3  C  of  bokes  the  least, 
Yt  is  written  X>eus  charitas  est. 

Tke  interlude  of  Youth,  f.  1. 


ABE 

ABCE.  The  alphabet.  See  Cotgrave,  in  v, 
Abec€,  Carte;  Prompt.  Parv.  p.  12 ;  Brit.  Bibl! 
ii.  397;  Greene's  Menaphon,  1616,  dedication. 

ABDEVENHAM.  An  astrological  word,  mean- 
ing the  head  of  the  twelfth  house,  in  a  scheme 
of  the  heavens. 

ABDUCE.    To  lead  away.   (Lai.) 

Oon  thyng  I  dyd  note  in  bothe  these  men,  that 
thei  thoght  a  religion  to  kepe  secret  betwene  God 
and  them  certayn  thynges,  rather  than  topon  their 
wholl  stomake ;  from  the  whych  opinion  1  colde  not 
abduce  them  with  al  my  endevor.  State  Papers,  i,557» 

ABE.    To  atone  for. 

Here  he  haclde  the  dest^nee 
That  the  povreman  xulde  abt. 

Relic/.  Antiq.  \.  63. 

ABEAR.  To  deport ;  to  conduct.  It  is  often 
used  among  illiterate  persons  for  to  bear,  to 
tolerate. 

So  did  the  faerie  knight  himselfe  abeare, 
And  stouped  oft  his  head  from  shame  to  shield. 

Faerie  Queene,  V.  xii.  19. 
ABECE.  An  alphabet ;  an  A  B  C.     See  Prompt. 
Parv.  p.  12;  Rob.  Gloucest.  p.  266;    Reliq. 
Antiq.  i.  63. 

Whan  that  the  wise  man  acompteth 
Aftir  the  formel  propirte 
Of  algorismes  abece. 

Gower>  MS.  Soc.  Antiq.  134,  f.  193. 

ABECEDARIAN.     An  abecedarian,   one  that 
teacheth  or  learneth  the  crosse  row.  Minsh&u.. 
ABECEDARY.    Alphabetical. 

Unto  these  fewe  you  may  annexe  more  if  you.  will, 
as  your  occasion  serveth,  and  reduce  them  into  an 
abecedarye  order.        MS  Coll.  Omn.  An.  Qxon.  130. 
ABECHED.    Fed;  satisfied.   (A.-N.)   Compare 
the  printed  edition  of  1532,  f.  132. 
3'it  schulde  I  sumdelle  ben  abeched, 
And  for  the  tyme  wel  refreched. 

Gower,  MS.  Soc.  Antiq.  134S  f.  181. 

ABEDDE.    In  bed.     Var.  dial. 

That  night  he  sat  wel  sore  akale, 
And  his  wif  lai  warme  abedde. 

The  Sevyn  Sages,  1513. 

ABEDE.  (1)  To  bid ;  to  offer. 
Y  schal  be  the  furste  of  alle 
That  our  message  schal  abede. 

(2)  Abode ;  remained.  See  Syr  Tryamoure,  374. 

Befyse,  with  hys  felows  bronde, 
Smote  yn  sender,  thorow  Godys  sonde, 
The  rope  above  the  Sarsyns  hedd, 
That  he  with  Befyse  yn  preson  abede. 

MS.  Cantab.  Ff.  Ii.  38,  f.  109, 

ABEGE.    To  atone  for. 

He  wolde  don  his  sacrilege, 

That  many  a  man  it  schulde  abege. 

Gower,  MS.  Soc.  Antiq,  134,  f.  174. 
Alle  Grece  it  schulde  abeggesoxe 
To  see  the  wilde  best  wone, 
Where  whilom  dwellid  a  mannis  sone. 

Cower,  MS.  Soc.  Antiq.  134,  f.  96. 

ABEISAUNCE.    Obedience.    (A..N.) 

An  hound  is  of  good  abttisaunce,  for  he  wol  lerneaa 
a  man  al  that  a  man  wol  teche  hym.   MS.  Bodt.  546. 
ABELDE.    To  grow  bold. 

Theo  folk  of  Perec  gan  abelde. 

Kyng  Alisaunder,  2442. 

ABELE.  A  fine  kind  of  white  poplar.  Var.  dial 
See  Prompt.  Parv.  p.  17,  where  Mr.  Way  says 


ABE  < 

it  is  "  the  name  given  ly  botanists  to  the 
populus  alba,"  The  name  is  very  common  in 
the  provinces. 

ABEL-WHACKETS.    A  game  played  "by  sailors 
with  cards ;  the  loser  receiving  so  many  strokes 
from  a  handkerchief  twisted  into  a  knot  on  his 
hand,  as  he  has  lost  the  games.    Grose. 
ABELYCHE.    Ably. 

That  he  the  craft  abelyche  may  conne, 
Whersever  he  go  undur  the  sonne. 

Constitutions  of  Masonry,  243. 
ABENCHE.  Uponabench.  SeeRob.Glouc.p.118. 
Horn  sette  him  abenche, 

Is  harpe  he  gan  clenche.  Kyng  Horn,  1497. 

ABENT.   A  steep  place.  Skinner.    The  a  is  here 

perhaps  merely  the  article. 
ABERDAVINE.    The  siskin.    Boucher. 
ABERE.    To  bear. 

And  with  also  good  reson,  we  mowe  of  hem  y-wis 
Abere  thilke  truage,  that  as  thyng  robbed  is. 

Rob.  Glouc.  p.  196. 

ABEREMORD.  A  law  term,  meaning  murder 
fully  proved,  as  distinguished  from  manslaugh- 
ter, and  justifiable  homicide.  See  Juuius,  in  v. 
ABERING.  A  law  phrase  for  the  proper  and 
peaceful  carriage  of  a  loyal  subject.  See 
Hawkins'  Engl.  Drama,  i.  239  ;  MS.  Ashinole 
1788,  f.  20. 

ABERNE.    Auburn.     See  a  mention  of  "  long 
aberne  beardes,"  in  Cunningham's  Revels  Ac- 
counts, p.  56. 
ABESSE.    To  humble. 

Echeone  untille  other,  what  is  this  ? 
Oure  kynge  hath  do  this  thynge  amis, 
So  to  abesse  his  rialte*, 
That  every  man  it  myjte  see. 

Cower,  MS.  Soc.  Antiq.  134,  f.  51. 

ABESTOR.     A  kind  of  stone. 

Among  stones  abestor,  which  being  hot  wil  never  be 
colde  for  our  constancies.  Lyly's Mother  Bombie,  1594. 
ABESYANS.    Obeisance. 

Now  wursheppful  sovereyns  thatsyltyn  here  in  syth, 

Lordys  and  ladyes  and  frankelms  in  fay. 
With  alle  maner  ofabesyans  we  recomaunde  us  ryght, 
Plesantly  to  jourpersoues  that  present  ben  in  pLiy. 
MS.  Tanner  407,  f-  44. 

ABET.    Help;  assistance. 

I  am  thine  erne,  the  shame  were  unto  me 
As  wel  as  the,  if  that  I  should  assent 
Through  mine  abef,  that  he  thine  honour  shent. 
Troilus  and  Creseide,  ii.  357. 

ABETTES.  Abbots.  See  Wright's  Monastic 
Letters,  p.  206,  for  an  example  of  this  form  of 
the  word. 

ABEW.    Above.    Devon. 
ABEY.  Toabie,  q.v,  See  Hartshorne's  Met.Tales, 
p.  225 ;  Richard  Goer  de  Lion,  714  ;  Chaucer, 
Cant.  T.  12034  ;   Collier's  Hist.  Dram.  Poet, 
ii.  283  ;  Gy  of  Warwike,  p.  169. 
Farewellc,  for  I  schalle  sone  deye, 
And  thepke  how  I- thy  love  abeye, 

Qower,  MS.  Soc,  Antiq.  134,  f.  86. 

ABEYD.    To  abide. 

Aud  to  abei/d  abstinens  and  forsake  abundans. 

MS.  Dwce  302,  f.  3. 

ABEYE.    To  bow ;  to  obey. 

To  resoune  thei  moste  nedys  abeye, 
In  helle  pette  elJyg  schalle  they  hong. 

MS.  Cantab.  Ff.  i.  6,  f.  139. 


AJ3I 

ABEYSAUNCE.  Obeisance.  Skinner  thinks 
the  proper  form  of  the  word  is  obeisance. 

Unavysyd  clerk  soone  may  be  forlore, 
Unto  that  theef  to  doone  abeyvaunce. 

MS.  Cantab.  Ff.  i.  6,  f.  ^3o. 

ABEYTED.     Ensnared. 

Hys  fiesshe  on  here  was  so  abeyted, 
That  thyke  womman  he  coveytyd. 

JUS.  Harl.  1701,  f.  '2. 

ABEY3EDOUN.     Obeyed. 

Ny  they  abey^edoun  hem  nothyng  to  the  kyng  hest. 
Citron.  Vilodun.  p.  Q7« 

ABGREGATE.  To  lead  out  of  the  flock.  Mimheu. 

ABHOMINABLE.  An  old  method  of  spelling 
abominable -,  ridiculed  in  Love's  Labour's  Lost, 
v.  1.  The  word  was  not  always  formerly  used 
in  a  bad  sense.  See  Webster's  Works,  iii.  1 75. 

ABHOR.  To  protest  against,  or  reject  solemnly. 
An  old  term  of  canon  law.  See  Henry  VIII. 
ii.  4. 

ABIDANCE.    Tarrying;  dwelling. 

Wherein  he  is  like  to  remain  'till  the  dissolution 
of  the  world,  so  long  is  his  abidance. 

The  Puritan,  p.  22, 

ABIDDEN.    Endured. 

He  looked  wan  and  gash,  but  spake  to  them  and 
told  them  that  the  Lord,  at  the  prayers  of  his  wife, 
had  restored  him  to  life,  and  that  he  had  beene  in 
purgatory,  and  what  punishment  he  had  abidden  for 
hisjealouse.  -  Cvbler  of  Canterburie,  1G08. 

ABIDE.  (1)  To  persevere ;  to  endure ;  to  suffer. 
Pegge  gives  the  phrase,  "  you  must  grin  and 
and  abide  it,"  applied  in  cases  where  resistance 
is  useless,  which  comes,  I  believe,  from  the 
North.  It  is  also  another  form  of  able.  See 
Collier's  Hist.  Dram.  Poet.  ii.  356  ;  Malone's 
Shakespeare,  v.  269. 

(2)  Often  used  by  Lydgate  in  the  sense  of  to 
forbear.  To  tolerate  is  its  meaning  in  the  pro- 
vinces. See  Dent's  Pathway  to  Heaven,  p. 
120  ;  TopseU's  Four-footed  Beasts,  p.  75. 

ABIDYNGE.    Patient.  (^.-£) 

And  bold  and  abidyitge 
Bismares  to  suffre.     Piers  Ploughman,  p.  413. 
ABIDYNGELY.     Staying. 

That  these  had  ben  with  me  familier, 
And  in  myn  housolde  ben  abidyngt-ly . 

MS.  Soc.  4»ti<i.   134,  f.  288. 
ABIE.  To  pay  for  ;  to  expiate.   "  To  abie  it  dear" 
is  a  phrase  constantly  met  with  in  old  writers. 
Hearne  explains  it  to  buy  in  his  glossary  to 
Langtoft. 
ABIGGEDE.    Suffer.   (^.-£) 

The  wiche  schal  it  abiygede 

Thurch  whom  he  hath  don  this  dede. 

lAgenfa  Cttthulica,  p.  206. 

ABIGGEN.  To  abie,  q.  v.  See  Gy  of  Warwike,  pp. 
49,  129, 138  ;  Piers  Ploughman,  pp.  35,  127 ; 
Kyng  Alisaunder,  901  j  Amis  and  Amiloun, 
390  ;  Sevyn  Sages,  497. 

The  kynge  schalle  hyt  soone  abygge. 

MS.  Cuutab.  Ff.  ii.  38,  f.  107. 

ABILIMENTS.  Habiliments.  See  Hall's  Union, 
Richard  HI.  f.  29.    Sometimes  written  abil- 
ments,  as  in  Archaeologia,  xvii.  292 ;  and  abbi* 
Ument,  as  in  the  "Woman  in  the  Moone,  1597. 
But  to  recouute  her  ryche  titylyment, 
And  what  estates  to  her  did  reaorte t 
Therto  am  I  full  insuffycyent. 

Skeltott*  HVfrj,  1.363 


ABI 

ABILL.     To  make  able. 

And  'namely  to  thame  that  abills  thanne  thare-to 

•with  the  helpe  of  Godd  in  alle  that  thay  may  one 

the  same  wyse.  MS,  Lincoln  A.  i.  17*  f.  234. 

ABILLERE.     Stronger;  more  able. 

Abillere  thane  ever  was  syr  Ector  of  Troye. 

Morts  Ai'tliwe>  MS.  Lincoln,  f.  81. 

ABIME.     An  abyss. 

Columpne  and  base,  upberyng  from  abime. 

Chaucer,  ed.  Urry,  p.  539, 
No  word  shul  thei  ^itt  sowne, 
Til  that  thei  be  fallen  downe 
Unto  the  abyme  vvithouten  sijt. 

Cursor  Mundi,  MS,  Tnn.  Coll.  Cantab.  {.  134. 

ABINTESTATE.     Intestate.     M'msheu. 
ABISHERING.  According  to  Rastall,  as  quoted 
by  Co  well,  is  "  to  be  quit  of  arnerciaments  be- 
fore  whomsoever  of   transgression."      Rider 
translates  it  \yjfsco  non  reditus. 
ABI  ST.     Payest  for  it. 

Thou  lexst,  he  seyd,  vile  losanjour  ! 
Thou  it  abist  bi  seyn  Savour ! 

Gii  of  Warunke,  p.  188. 

ABIT.  (1)  A  habit.  The  word  occurs  in  the  senses 
of  clothing,  as  well  as  a  custom  or  habit.  See 
Reliq.  Antiq.  ii.  175  ;  Prompt  Parv.  pp.  97, 
179;  Gesta  Romanorum,  p.  246;  Wright's 
Purgatory,  p.  141 ;  Rob.  Glouc.  pp.  105,  434. 

(2)  An  obit ;  a  service  for  the  dead. 

Also  if  thei  vow  hem  to  hold  an  abit,  or  other  ritis, 
and  God  behitith  no  meed  for  the  keping,  but  ra- 
ther reprove,  as  he  dede  sum  tyme  the  Phariseis, 
doutles  that  is  a5en  the  gospel. 

Apology  for  the  Lollards,  p,  103. 

(3)  Abideth.      See  Reliq.  Antiq.  i.  115  ;  Chau- 
cer, Cant.  T.  16643  ;  Rom.  of  the  Rose,  4989. 

He  sayeth  that  grace  not  in  him  abit, 
But  wikkid  ende  and  cursid  aventure. 

Qccleve,  MS.  Soc.  Antiq.  134,  f.  263. 
Ne  haste  noujt  thin  owen  sorow, 
My  sone,  and  take  this  in  thy  wit, 
He  hathnoujt  lefte  that  wel  abit, 

Gower,  MS.  Soc.  Antiq.  134>  f.  95. 
Seynt  Bernard  tharfore  to  swych  chyt, 
And  seyth  moche  forjyt  that  longe  abyt. 

MS.  Harl,  1701,   f,  75 

ABITACLE.    A  habitation;  a  dwelling.  (Lat.) 

In  whom  also  be  56  bildid  togidre  into  the  abitacU 
of  God  in  the  Hooli  Goost. 

WicWJftfs  New  Test.  p.  154. 

ABITE.  (1)    A  habitation ;  an  abode. 

And  eke  abidin  thilke  dale 

To  leve  his  abitet  and  gon  his  waie. 

Romaunt  of  the  Ross,  4914. 

(2)  To  atone  for. 

We,  yei,  that  shal  thou  sore  abite* 

Toioneley  Mysteries,  p,  15. 

(3)  To  bite.  (A.-S.) 

Addres,  quinres,  and  dragouns 
Wolden  this  folk,  mychel  and  lyte, 
Enveuymen  and  abite» 

Ky<ng  Alisaundvr,  5611. 

Broune  lyouns,  and  eke  white, 

That  wolden  fayn  his  folk  abyte.      Ibid.  7096. 

(4)  Abideth. 

And  as  an  esy  pacient  the  lore 

Abite  of  him  that  goth  about  his  cure, 

And  thus  he  drivith  forth  his  avinture. 

Trottos  and  Creveide,  i.  10,92. 

ABITED,    Mildewed.    Kent. 


ABL 

ABITEN.     Bitten;  devoured. 

A  thousent  shepi  ch  habbe  abiten, 
And  mo,  $ef  hy  weren  i-writen 

Reliq.  Antiq.  ii,  276 

ABJECT.  (I)    A  despicable  person. 
I  deemed  it  better  so  to  die, 
Than  at  my  foeman's  feet  an  abject  lie, 

Jtfirrobrfor  Magistrates,  p.  20, 

(2)  To  reject ;  to  cast  away.  See  Palsgrave,  f. 
136;  Utterson's  Pop.  Poet.  ii.  7;  Giletta  of 
Narbona,  ap.  Collier's  Shak.  Lib.  p.  12 ;  Skel- 
ton's  Works,  i.  308. 

The  bloude  of  the  saied  Kynge  Henry,  althoughe 
he  had  a  goodly  sonne,  was  clerely  objected,  and  the 
crowne  of  the  realme,  by  aucthoritie  of  parliamente, 
entayled  to  the  Duke  of  Yorke. 

Hall,  Edward  F.  f.  1. 

ABJECTION.  Baseness,  vileness.  See  Minsheu, 
in  v. ;  Harrison's  Description  of  Britaine,  p. 
18.    It  occurs  in  Skelton's  Works,  i.  345,  ex- 
plained  by  the  editor  to  mean  there  objection. 
ABLAND.    Blinded ;  made  blind. 
The  walmes  han  the  abland, 
And  thenvhiles  thai  boillandbe, 
Sire>  thou  ne  schalt  never  i-se. 

The  &'evyn  Sages,  2462. 
ABLASTE.    (1)    A  crossbow,     The   Prompt. 
Parv.  p.  9,  is  the  authority  for  this  form  of  the 
word. 
(2)  Blasted. 

Venym  and  fyre  togedir  he  caste, 
That  he  Jason  so  sore  ablaste, 
That  yf  nc  were  his  oynernent,' 
His  ringe  and  his  enchauntement, 
Whiche  Medea  tok  him  to-fore, 
He  hadde  with  that  worme  be  lore. 

Goiver,  MS.  Soc.  Antiq.  134,  f,  150. 

ABLE.  (1)  This  word  has  two  distinct  senses, 
the  one  to  make  able  or  give  power  for  any 
purpose ;  the  other  and  more  remarkable  one, 
to  warrant  or  answer  for,  as  in  King  Lear, 
iv.  6.  See  also  Ashmole's  Theat.  Chem.  Brit, 
p.  118;  Nares,  in  v. ;  Middleton's  Works, 
iv.  223. 

(2)  Fit;  proper. 

Noye,  to  me  thou  arte  full  able, 
And  to  my  sacrifice  acceptable. 

Cheater  Playt,  I,  66, 

(3)  Wealthy.    Herefordsh. 
ABLECTIVE.    Adorned  for  sale.     CocTceram. 
ABLE  CATION.    A  dismission ;  a  dispersion. 

More. 
ABLEMENTES.     Habiliments. 

He  toke  a  ship  of  high  and  greate  avantage, 
Of  abiementes  for  warre,  and  ordinaunce. 

Hardyng'a  Chronicle,  f.  145. 

ABLENDE.  To  blind;  to  dazzle.  (A.-S.)  As 
the  early  translations  of  Vegecius  will  be  occa- 
sionally quoted,  it  may  be  as  well  to  state  that 
the  one  made  at  Berkeley's  request,  1408, from 
which  the  following  extract  is  made,  is  not  by 
Trevisa,  as  conjectured  by  Tanner,  but  by  & 
person  of  the  name  of  Clifton.  This  fact  ap* 
pears  from  the  colophon  of  copies  in  MS.  Douce 
291,  and  MS.  Digby  233;  the  last-mentioned 
one  having  baffled  Strutt,  Reg.^  Antiq,  cd. 
Planche,  p.  77.  Manuscripts  of  this  work  are 
very  common.  For  examples  of  tzifentfe,  see 


ABO 

Piers  Ploughman,  p.  377 ;    Rob.  Glouc.  p. 

208. 
He  schal  both  ablende  his  enemyes  sijt,  and  astonye 

his  mynde,  and  he  schal  sodeynlich  wounde  his 

enemy.  3W.  Douce  291,  f.  12. 

ABLENESS.  Power;  strength.   SeeMiddJeton's 

Works,  iv.  519,  and  the  example  quoted  by 

Richardson. 
ABLENT,     Blinded;     deceived.      See    Piers 

Ploughman,  p.  388 ;  Wright's  Political  Songs, 

p.  330. 

Stionge  thef,  thou  schalt  be  sheut, 
For  thou  hast  me  thus  ablent. 

MS.  Addit.  10036,  f.  52. 

ABLEPSY.    Blindness.     Cockeram. 

ABLESS.  Careless  and  negligent,  or  untidy  or 
slovenly  in  person.  Lino. 

ABLESSYD.  Blessed.  See  Tundale,  p.  23, 
where,  however,  the  a  may  be  merely  the  ex- 
clamation A I 

ABLET.    The  bleak.     West. 

ABLETUS.  Ability.  This  seems  to  be  the 
meaning  of  the  word  in  an  obscure  and  muti- 
lated passage  in  MS.  Ashmole  44. 

ABLEWE.    Blew  [upon  her.] 
Aswon  tho  sche  overthrewe, 
Wawain  sone  hir  ablewe.  Arthow  and  Merlin,  p.  315. 

ABLICHE.    Ably. 

These  mowe  abliclie  be  chosen  to  ehyvalrye,  for 
hereynne  stondeth  al  the  heithe  and  profijt  of  the 
"    comynalt<£.  MS.  Douce  291,  f.  10 

ABLIGURY.  Spending  in  belly  cheere.  Minskeu. 
ABLINS.    Perhaps ;  possibly.    North. 
ABLOBE.    Bloody;  with  blood.     See  Gy  of 
"Warwike,  p.  315  ;  Arthour  and  Merlin,  p.  333. 
Olubrius  sat  and  byheld 
How  here  lymes  ronne  a-blode. 

MS.  Coll.  Trin.  Own.  6?. 

ABLOY.    An  exclamation  used  in  hunting,  bor- 
rowed from  the  French,  and  equivalent  to 
On !  On ! 
The  lorde  for  blya  aUoy.          Syr  Gawayne,  p.  44. 

ABLUDE.    To  differ ;  to  be  unlike.    HaU. 

ABLUSION.  A  chemical  term,  meaning  the 
cleansing  of  medicines  from  any  drugs  or 
impurities, 

And  also  of  ther  induracion, 
Qiles,  ablusions,  metall  fusible. 

Chaucer,  ed".  Urry,  p.  123. 

A-BLYNDEN.    To  blind ;  to  dazzle.     (A.-S.) 
Why  menestow  thi  mood  for  a  mote 
In  thi  brotheres  eighe, 
Sithen  a  beem  in  thyn  owene 
A-blyndeth  thiselve.     Piers  Ploughman,  p.  189. 
ABLYNG.   Fitting.  See  Urry 's  Chaucer,  p.  364 ; 
Ashmole's  Theat.  Chem.  Brit.  p.  148. 

Wherfore  what  tyme  a  man.dooth  what  he  may  in 

abfyngehym  to  grace,  hit  sufficith  to  him,  for  God 

askith  not  of  a  man  that  he  seeth  impossible  to  hym. 

Carton's  Divers  Fruitful  Ghostly  Maters. 

ABNORMETH.  Disfigureth;  disguiseth. 
Al  frainith  he  in  luste  that  he  sojourneth, 
And  all  his  chere  and  speche  also  he  abnormeth. 

Troilus  and  Creseide,  i.  328. 

Abided;  suffered;  endured. 
For  all  her  maydens  much  did  feare, 
Jf  Oberon  had  chanc'd  to  heare 
That  Mab  his  Queene  should  have  beene  there, 
fie  would  not  have  aboade  it. 

JDrayton's  Poems,  p.  173. 


!  ABO 

ABOARD.   (1)  To  approach  near  the  shore.  (Fr.} 
Cockeram  has  abbord,  to  approach  near  the 
shore,  to  grapple  with  a  ship.     See  also  Cot- 
grave,  in  v.  AbwdS,  Arrivce* 
Ev'n  to  the  verge  of  gold,  aboarding Spain. 

Salitnan  and  Persida,  1599. 

(2)  In  many  kinds  of  games,  this  phrase  signifies 
that  the  person  or  side  in  the  game  that  was 
either  none  or  but  few,  has  now  got  to  be  as 
many  as  the  other.     Dyche. 
ABOBBED.    Astonished.     (A.-N.) 
The  messangers  were  abobbed  tho, 
Thai  nisten  what  th/ii  mighten  do. 

A)  thour  and  Merlin,  p.  74. 

ABOCCHEMENT.    Increase.    Prompt.  Parv. 

ABOCCHYNGE.    Increase.    Prompt.  Parv. 

ABOCOCKED.    A  cap  of  state. 

Some  say  his  high  cap  of  estate,  called  alococked, 
garnished  with  twoo  riche  erounes,  whiche  was  pre- 
sented to  Kyng  Edward  at  Yorke  the  fourth  ddie  of 
May.  Hat*,  Edward  IV.  f.  2. 

ABODE.    (1)  Delay.   See  Gy  of  Warwike,  p.  46 ; 
Croke's  Thirteen  Psalms,  p.  19. 
And  so  he  dede  withouten  abode, 
Swiftliche  hoin  he  rode. 

Arthow  and  Merlin,  p.  107. 
(2)    Waited  for. 

V  thanke  God  that  y  was  borne, 
That  y  abode  thys  day. 

MS.  Cantab.  Pf.  ii.  38,  f.  53. 

ABOFE.    Abode;  dwelling. 

JVolde  God,  for  his  modurs  luf, 
Bryng  me  onys  at  myne  abofe, 
I  were  out  of  theire  eye. 

TITS.  Cantab.  Ff.  v.  48,  f.  55 
ABOFFE.    Above. 

Be  Jhesu  Cryst  that  is  aboffet 
That  man  aught  me  gode  loffe. 

Ttta  Cockwolds  Dauttce,  217, 
Thare  was  a  ryalle  roffe 
In  that  chambir  aboffe. 

MS,  Lincoln  A.  i.  17,  f.  J3(J. 

ABOGEN.    Bowed.    Bailey. 
ABOGHTEN.    Suffered.    (A.-S.} 

And  that  aboghten  gultles, 

Bothe  Dejanire  and  Hercules. 

Cower,  MS.  Soc.  Antiq,  134,  f.  75. 

ABOHT.    Bought.      See  Kyng  Horn,   1402; 
Chron.  of  England,  854 ;    Ritson's  Ancient 
Songs,  p.  7 ;  Harrowing  of  Hell,  pp.  17,  25. 
Nou  thou  hast  in  that  foul  hous, 
A  thyng  that  is  ful  precious, 
Ful  duere  hit  ys  aboht. 

Wright's  Lyric  Potrtry,  p.  103. 

ABOLETE.    Antiquated;  abolished. 
And  dare  use  the  experyeus, 
In  there  obsolute  conscious 
To  practy ve  suche  abolste  scian*. 

SJcelton's  Works,  11.  48, 

A-BONE.    Excellently;  well. 

Spurres  of  golde  also  he  had  on. 

And  a  good  swerde,  that  wolde  byte  a-bone. 

Syr  Guwayne,  p.  2I7« 

ABONE.    (1)  To  make  good  or  seasonable ;  to 

ripen.    Blount. 

'2)  To  dispatch  quickly,    SMnner. 
'3)  Above.  SeeTheGreneKnight,513;Ricliard 
Coerde  Lion,  4361;  Lybeaus  Disconus,  1816. 
Tho  thei  seiche  a  Htel  hem  abans 
Seven  knightea  y-armed  come. 

Artliour  and  Merhn,  p,  128* 


ABO 

ABOOD.     Remained. 

Into  the  bath  I  scholde  goon, 
And  in  I  wente  anoon  by  grace, 
And  there  abood  but  lytel  space. 

MS.  Cott,  Tiber.  A.  vii.  f.  85. 
ABOON.    Above;  overhead.    North. 
ABOORD.    From  the  bank. 
A»  men  in  summer  fearles  passe  the  foord, 
Which  is  in  winter  lord  of  all  the  plaine3 
And  with  his  tumbling  streames  doth  beare  aboard 
The  ploughmanshope  and  shepheards  labour  vaine. 
Spenser's  Rvines  of  Rome,  1591. 

ABOOT.    Beaten  down.    SMnner.    See  Abote. 
ABOOVE.    Above.     West. 
ABOKE.     Born. 

At  Taundeane  lond  I  woz  above  and  abred. 

MS.  AshmoleSB,  f.  112. 

ABOEMENT.    An  abortion.     An  unusual  form 
of  the  word  found  in  Topsell's  History  of 
Four-Footed  Beasts,  1607,  p.  21.    Aborsment 
occurs  in  Higins*  Nomenclator,  p.  17;   and 
abort  in  Plorio,  ed.  1611,  p.  2. 
ABORTYVE,    An  abortion.    It  is  also  an  ad- 
jective, as  in  Rich's  Honestie  of  this  Age,  p.  6. 
The  childre  that  are  abortyves, 
Tho  are  that  ben  not  born  in  lyves, 
Shul  rise  in  thritty  jeer  of  elde. 

Cursor  Mundi>  MS.  Cantab,  f.  136. 

ABOSTED.  Assaulted.  (A.-N.)  MS.  Douce  104 
reads  and  bosted,  and  MS.  Douce  333  has 
he  bosted. 

A  Bretone,  a  braggere, 

A-bosted  Piers  als.          Piers  Ploughman,  p.  126. 

ABOT.  An  abbot.  The  occurrence  of  this  form 
in  early  English  shows  that  the  new  ortho- 
graphy abbat,  which  one  sometimes  sees,  is 
incorrect.  See  Legendae  Catholicae,  p.  19; 
Plumpton  Correspondence,  p.  84. 
ABOTE.  (1)  Beaten  down. 

Of  whiche  sight  glad,  God  it  wot, 
She  was  abashid  and  abote. 

Chaucer's  Dreame,  1290. 
(2)  About. 

With  ordir  in  the  bateyllys  arayed. 
They  cum  the  towne  abote, 

Rehq.  Antiq.  ii,  21. 

ABOTHE.    Above. 

Abothe  half  lay  mani  on, 
The  heved  fro  the  nek  bon. 

Arthour  and  Merlin,  p.  18. 

A-BOUET.  This  word,  which  occurs  in  Mr. 
Wright's  glossary  to  the  Deposition  of  Richard 
II.,  is  perhaps  a  misprint  for  a  bonet,  a  kind  of 
sail. 

ABOUGHT.    Bought    Sometimes,  atoned  for, 
from  aliggen;  and  it  is  occasionally  the  ortho- 
graphy of  about.  Jennings  gives  the  Somerset- 
shire proverb  (Dialects,  p.  80), 
Vur  vaught, 
And  dear  abought* 

See  Gy  of  Warwike,  pp.  72, 155, 355;  Chaucer, 
Cant.  T.  2305;  Lyheaus  Disconus,  1979;  Kyng 
Alisaunder,  898;  Sir  Cleges,  43;  Thynne's 
Debate  between  Pride  and  Lowlines,  p.  62 ; 
Wright's  Monastic  Letters,  p.  31 ;  Hawkins' 
Engl.  Drama,  i.  13.  The  proverb  given  above 
seems  to  be  derived  from  an  old  one,  "  Dear 
bought  and  fair  fett,  are  dainties  for  ladies," 
which  Howell  gives  in  his  collection,  p.  8. 


>  ABO 

ABOUGHWED,  Bowed;  obeyed.  See  a  read- 
ing  in  the  College  of  Arms  MS.  of  Robert  of 
Gloucester,  in  Hearne's  edition,  p.  106 

ABOUN.    Above. 

They  said  that  songe  was  this  to  sey, 
To  God  aboun  be  joy  and  blysse ! 

Twiddle's  rtsions.  p.  158 
ABOUNDS.    Abounding. 

Ry3t  so  this  mayde,  of  grace  most  abounde, 
A  peerelle  hath  closid  withinne  hire  brestes  whyte. 
Lydgate,  MS.  Soc.  Antiq.  134,  f .  3. 

ABOURE.    Protector? 

And  if  thay  have  any  mete, 
Parte  with  them  wole  we, 
Or  elles  strokes  thay  shal  gete, 
By  God  and  Seynte  Mary,  myn  abourL 

MS.  Douce  175,  p.  59. 

ABOUT.  Circularly;  in  a  circle.  See  Macbeth, 
i.  3.  It  is  singularly  used  in  the  phrase,  "about, 
my  brains,"  signifying,  "  brains,  go  to  work," 
as  in  Hamlet,  ii.  2.  In  the  eastern  counties  it 
is  current  in  the  sense  of  near,  as,  "  this  horse 
is  worth  nothing  about  fourty  pounds." 
ABOUTEN.  About.  According  to  Cooper's  Sus- 
sex Glossary,  p.  12,  it  is  still  in  use  in  East 
Sussex. 

And  in  this  wise  these  lordes  all  and  some 
Ben  on  the  Son  day  to  the  citee  come 
Abouten  prime,  and  in  the  toun  alight. 

Chaucer,  Cant.  T.  2191. 

ABOUT-SLEDGE.  A  smith's  great  forging 
hammer.  See^i  note  ia  Beaumont  and  Fletcher, 
ed.  Dyce,  ivi>l89. 

ABOUTWARD.  Near.  See  the  Plumpton  Cor- 
respondence, p.  201. 

But  than  syr  Marrok,  hys  steward, 
Was  faste  a&owtewarde 

To  do  hys  lady  gyle.    MS.  Cantab,  Ff.  ii.  38,  f,  71. 
ABOUYE.    To  bow. 

Alle  londys  ssole  abouye  to  by  Weste  and  by  Este. 
Rob,  Glouc.  p.  215 

ABOU3TE.    Part,  past  of  able,  q.  v. 

Or  it  schalle  sore  ben  aboujte, 

Or  thou  schalte  worche  as  y  the  say. 

Gotvei;  MS.  Soc.  Antiq.  134,  f.  55. 
And  that  hath  Dido  sore  aboufte, 
Whos  deth  schall  ever  be  bethoujte. 

Ibid.  f.  104. 

ABOVE.  In  old  stage  directions  this  word  ge- 
nerally refers  to  the  upper  stage,  the  raised 
platform  towards  the  back  of  the  stage.  See 
Webster's  Works,  i.  314.  Above,  in  common 
speech,  is  equivalent  to  more  than.  As  above 
a  bit,  exceedingly,  a  very  common  phrase ;  and 
the  slang  expression  above  your  hooks,  i.  e.  too 
knowing  or  clever. 
ABOVEN.  Above. 

With  sparcles  and  smeke  covered  aboveft, 
As  hit  were  a  brennyng  oven. 

Cursor  Handi,  Trin.  CM.  MS.  f.  19. 
Hir  queynt  aboven  Mr  kne 
Naked  the  knightes  knewe, 

Sir  Tristram,  p.  246. 

ABOWE.   (1)    To  bow.    See  Kyng  Alisaunder, 
188  ;  Rob.  Glouc.  pp.  78,  309. 
To  Roland  than  sche  gan  abowe 
Almost  doun.  til  his  fete.     MS.  Ashmole  33, 
Tharefore  ech  man  heom  scholde  tibowle, 
That  guode  jeme  tharof  norae. 

MS.  Lat 


ABR 


10 


ABR 


(2)  Above. 

Into  thatt  reygeon  where  he  ys  kyng, 
Wyche  aboive  all  ottmr  far  dothe  abownde. 

Sharp's  Cov.  Myst.  p. 83. 
It  was  busted  abowe 
With  besantes  fulle  bryghte. 

MS.  Lincoln.  A.  I.  1?,  f.  136. 

(3)  To  maintain  ;  to  avow.  This  may  be  a  mis- 
take for  avowe.     See  Arthour  and  Merlin,  p. 
193,  and  the  example  quoted  under  Anclowe. 

ABOWEN.    Above.      See  Reliq.  Antiq.  i.  54, 
189  ;  Prompt.  Parv.  p.  179. 
Kepe  hyt  therfore  wyth  temperat  hete  adowne 
Full  forty  dayes,  tyll  hyt  wex  black  abowen. 

Ashmole's  Theat.  Cfiem.Srit.  p.  171- 

ABOWES.    Abbots.     [Avowes  ?] 

God  and  Scinte  Marie,  and  Sein  Denis  also, 
And  alle  the  abowes  of  this  churche,  ia  was  ore  ich 
am  i-do.  Rob.  Glouc.  p.  475. 

ABOWGHT.    About. 

dbowght  the  body  he  hyme  hente, 
As  far  as  he  myght  last.    Torrent  of  Portugal*  p.  9. 
ABOWTH.    Bought. 

And  therfore  God,  that  alle  hath  wrojth, 
And  alle  mankynde  dere  abowth, 
Sende  us  happe  and  grace. 

MS.  Douce  84,  f.  53. 

ABOWTYNE.    About.     Cf.  Reliq.  Antiq.  i.  7; 
Prompt.  Parv.  p.  168  ;    Songs  and  Carols,  xi. 
He  dyd  them  in  a  panne  of  brasse, 
Also  hoto  as  ever  it  was, 
And  made  fyere  abowtyne*     MS.  Aahmole  61 ,  f.  5. 

AB03EDE.    Bowed. 

Wel  corteysly  thanne  aboyede  she, 
And  to  help  hure  gan  him  praye. 

MS.  Ashmole  33,  f.  27. 

AB03T.    Bought. 

These  bargeyn  wyl  be  dere  abo$t. 

MS.  Douce  302,  f.  1 

ABRACADABRA.  This  -word,  written  in  a  pe- 
culiar manner,  was  formerly  worn  about  the 
neck  as  a  cure  for  the  ague.  See  Pettigrew 
on  Medical  Superstitions,  p.  53 ;  Archseolo- 
gia,  xxx.  427- 

Mr,  Banester  sayth  that  he  healed  200  in  one  yer 
of  an  ague,  by  hanging  Abracadabra  about  ther 
necks,  and  wold  stanch  blood,  or  heal  the  toothake, 
althogh  the  partyes  wer  10  myle  of. 

MS.  ^Mif.  5008. 

ABRAD.    Withered  ? 

The  gode  burgeis  on  a  dal, 

His  ympe  thrivende  he  sai, 

Fair  i-woxe  and  fuiri-sprad, 

But  the  olde  tre  was  abrad.  The  Sevyn  Sages,  CIO. 

ABRADAS.  A  Macedonian  pirate,  mentioned 
by  Greene  and  Shakespeare.  The  commenta- 
tors have  failed  in  tracing  any  further  notice 
of  him. 

ABRADE.  To  rub,  or  scrape  off.  See  Richard- 
son in  v.  The  word  is  still  in  use  as  a  sea  term. 

ABRAHAM-COLOURED.  See  ^dram-coloured. 
Cf.  Hawkins'  Eng.  Dram.  ii.  276 ;  Blurt  Mas- 
ter Constable,  1602. 

ABRAHAM-CUPID.  The  expression  occurs  in 
Romeo  and  Juliet,  ii.  1,  and  is  conjectured  by 
Upton  to  be  a  mistake  for  Adam  Cupid,  and 
to  allude  to  Adam  Bell,  the  celebrated  archer. 
See  his  observations  on  Shakespeare,  ed.  1748, 
p.  243,  The  conjecture  is  very  plausible,  as 


proper  names  are  frequently  abbreviated  in 
early  MSS.,  and  it  suits  the  sense  and  metre. 

ABRAHAM-MEN.  According  to  the  Frateraitye 
of  Vacabondes,  1575,  "  an  Abraham-man  is  he 
that  walketh  bare-armed,  and  bare-legged,  and 
fayneth  hymselfe  mad,  and  caryeth  a  packe  of 
wool,  or  a  stycke  with  baken  on  it,  or  such 
lyke  toy,  and  nameth  himself  poore  Tom." 
They  are  alluded  to  by  Shakespeare  under  the 
name  of  Bedlam  Beggars,  and  their  still  more 
usual  appellation  was  Toms  of  Bedlam,  q.  v. 
According  to  Grose,  to  "  sham  Abram"  is  to 
pretend  sickness,  which  Nares  thinks  may  have 
some  connexion  with  the  other  term.  See 
also  Aubrey's  Nat.  Hist.  Wilts,  MS.  p.  259 ; 
Harrison's  Description  of  England,  p.  184. 

ABRAHAM'S-BALM.  A  kind  of  willow.  Ac- 
cording to  Bullokar,  English  Expositor,  164], 
it  was  used  as  a  charm  to  preserve  chastity. 

ABRAID.  To  rise  on  the  stomach  with  a  degree 
of  nausea ;  applied  to  articles  of  diet,  which 
prove  disagreeable  to  the  taste  or  difficult  of 
digestion.  North.  This  may  be  the  meaning  in 
Troilus  and  Creseide,  i.  725. 

Instead  of  nourishing,  it  stimulates,  abrades,  and 
carries  away  a  part  of  the  solids. 

Collins'  Miscellanies,  1702,  p.  70. 

ABRAIDE.  (1)  To  awake  ;  to  start.  Palsgrave 
has  "  I  abrayde,  I  inforce  me  to  do  a  thynge." 
f.  136. 

And  if  that  he  out  of  his  slepe  abraide 
He  mighte  don  us  bathe  a  vilanie. 

Chaucer,  Cant.  T.  4188. 

(2)  Explained  abroad  by  Percy.     See  Rcliques, 
p.  44.  It  more  likely  ought  to  be  "  a  braide," 
a  start.    See  Ritson's  Anc.  Pop.  Poet.  p.  19. 

(3)  As  a  slight  variation  of  our  first  meaning,  it 
may  be  mentioned  that  the  word  is  particularly 
applied  to  the  action  of  drawing  a  sword  from 
a  scabbard. 

ABRAM.  A  cant  term,  according  to  Coles  ap- 
plied to  a  naked  or  very  poor  man.  Cf. 
Middleton's  Works,  iii.  32'. 

ABRAM-COLOURED.  Nares  considers  this  ex- 
pression may  be  a  corruption  of  au&urn,  and  is 
in  some  measure  confirmed  by  a  passage  in 
Coriolanus,  ii.  3 :  "  Our  heads  are  some  brown, 
some  black,  some  abram,  some  bald,  but  that 
our  wits  are  so  diversly  coloured/'  The 
folio  of  1685  alters  aftram  to  auburn.  See 
Middleton's  Works,  i.  259 ;  Toone,  in  v. 

ABRASE.    Smooth. 

The  fourth,  in  white,  is  Aphelela,  a  nymph  a* 
pure  and  simple  as  the  aoul,  or  as  an  abrase  tablGj 
and  is  therefore  called  simplicity. 

Bern  Jonson,  il.  360. 

ABRAYDE.  (1)  Started ;  roused  himself. 
Ipomydon  with  that  stroke  a&raytitf. 
And  to  the  kynge  thus  he  sayde. 

fpomycton,  1149. 

(2)  To  upbraid.  See  the  True  Tragedie  of 
Richard  the  Third,  p.  22,  where  the  editor  nas 
divided  the  word. 

Bochas  present  felly  gan  abrayde 

To  Messaline,  and  even  thus  he  sayde. 

Bochas,  b.  vJi.  c.  4. 


ABR 


11 


ABRAYDEN.    To  excite. 

For  theyr  comodit6s  to  abrayden  up  pride. 

Lydgate'a  Minor  Poems,  p.  121. 

ABREAD.    Unconfined;  exposed;  spread  out. 

North. 

ABRECOCK.     An  apricot.     Gerard. 
ABRED.     Brought  up.     West. 
ABREDE.  (1)  This  word  is  explained  to  up- 
braid, by  Skinner,  who  refers  to  the  following 
passage.     The  meaning  is  obviously,  "  ran  out 
of  his  senses." 

How  Troilus  nere  out  of  his  witte  abrede, 
And  wept  full  sore,  with  visage  pale  of  he  we. 

The  Testament  of  Creseide,  45. 

(2)  In  breadth.     North.      See  Chronicle  of 
England,  808,  in  Ritson's  Met.  Rom.  ii.  303. 

(3)  Abroad.     Yorksh. 

Thine  armis  shalt  thou  sprede  abrede, 
As  man  in  warre  were  forwerede. 

Romaunt  of  the  Rose,  2563. 

ABREGE.     To  shorten ;  to  abridge. 

And  for  he  wold  his  longe  tale  abrege, 
He  wolde  non  auctoritee  allege. 

Chaucer,  Cant.  T.  9531. 
Largesse  it  is,  whos  privilege 
Ther  may  non  avarice  alregge. 

Gower,  MS.  Sac.  Antiq*  134,  f.  205. 

ABREKE.    To  break  in. 

Aud  jif  we  may  owhar  abreke, 
Fie  we  hem  with  gret  rdce. 

Aithbur  and  Merlin,  p.  292. 

ABRENOUNCE.   To  renounce  utterly.    Taylor. 
ABREPT.     To  take  away  by  violence. 

• his  nephew's  life  he  questions, 

And  questioning,  abrepte. 

Billingsly'gBrachy-Maityrologia,  3657,  p.  40, 
ABREYDE.  (1)  To  upbraid.    See  Abrayde.   Ex- 
probrare,  Anglice  to  abreyde. — MS.  Egerton 
829,  f.  72. 
(2)  Started. 

Tille  at  the  laste  he  abreyde  sodeynely. 

Lydgate,  MS.  Soc.  Antiq.  134,  f.4. 
ABRIC.     Sulphur.     Coles. 
ABRICOT.    An  apricot.     See  Harrison's  De- 
script,  of  Brit.  p.  210 ;  Baret's  Alvearie,  in  v. 
Rider  calls  an  apricot  tree  an  abricot-apple. 
ABRIDGEMENT.     A  dramatic  performance; 
probably  from  the  prevalence  of  the  historical 
drama,  in  which  the  events  of  years  were  so 
abridged  as  to  be  brought  within  the  compass 
of  a  play.     See  A  Mids.  Night's  Dream,  v.  1. 
It  seems,  however,  to  be  used  for  the  actors 
themselves  in  Hamlet,  ii.  2. 
ABRIGGE.    To  shield  off. 

Alle  myscheffes  from  him  to  abrigge. 

Lydgate'a  Minor  Poems,  p.  5. 

ABRIPTED.    Ravished.     CocJceram. 

ABROACH.    To  "set  abroach,"  to  tap.     It 

is  sometimes  used  metaphorically  in  the  state 

of  being  diffused  or  advanced.     Cf.  Prompt. 

Parv.  p.  52;  Chaucer,  Cant.  T.  5759;  Lydgate's 

Minor  Poems,  p.  164 ;  Colyne  Blowboll,  3. 

Ryjt  as  who  sette  a  tunne  abroche, 

He  percede  the  harde  roche, 

And  spronge  oute  watir  alle  at  wille. 

Gotver,  MS.  Soc.  Antiq.  134,  f.  137. 

ABROAD.     Broad.     Minsheu.    Spread  abroad, 

widely   distended.      See   First   Sketches  of 

Henry  VI.  p.  97. 


ABS 

ABRODE,  (1)  Abroad.    North. 
Admyt  thou  shouldst  abyde  abrode  a.  year  or  twayne, 
Should  so  short  absence  cause  so  long  and  eke  so  gree- 
vous  payne  ?         Ritmeus  and  Juliet,  ap.  Collier,  p.  46. 

(2)  Spread  abroad.     North. 

ABROKE.  (1)  One  that  has  a  rupture  is  said  to 
be  abroke.  Kennett's  MS.  Glossary. 

(3)  Torn,     Hants. 
A-BROKEN.    Broken  out  ;  escaped. 

And  saide  thei  wer  no  men, 

But  develis  a-broken  oute  of  helle. 

Sir  Ferumbras,  MS. 
ABRON.    Auburn. 

A  lusty  courtier,  whose  curled  head 
With  abron  locks  was  fairly  furnished. 

Ball's  Satires,  iii  5. 
ABROOD.  (1)  Abroad.     (A.-S.) 
To  bere  bisshopes  aboute 
A-brood  in  visitynge.  Piers  Ploughman,  p.  38. 

(2)  Sitting,  applied  to  a  hen.  See  Baret's 
Alvearie,  in  v.  The  term  is  still  in  use  in  the 
provinces. 

Like  black  cur  scar*d,  with  tail  betwixt  his  legs, 
Seeing  he  sate  abroad  on  addle  eggs. 

Clobery's  Divine  Glimpses,  p.  105. 

ABROOK.  To  bear;  to  endure.  The  same 
meaning  as  brook,  with  the  a  redundant.  See 
2  Henry  VI.  ii.  4. 

ABRUPT.    Separated.    See  Middleton's  Works, 
ii.  151.    Abruption,  a  breaking  off,  is  found  in 
Minsheu,  and  Troilus  and  Cressida,  iii.  2. 
ABRYGGE.    To  abridge. 

My  dayesj  make  y  never  so  queynte, 
Schullen  abi-ygge  and  sumwhat  swage. 

JUS.  Cantab.  Ff.  ii.  38,  f.2l. 
ABSINTHIUM.   Wormwood.    See  an  early  me- 

dical receipt  in  MS.  Lincoln  A.  i.  17,  f.  285. 
ABSOLENT,    Absolute. 

And  afterward,  syr,  verament, 
They  called  hym  knyght  absolent. 

The  Squyr  of  Lowe  Degr&,  630. 
ABSOLETE.     Obsolete.    Minsheu. 
ABSOLUTE.  (1)  Highly  accomplished;  perfect. 
See  Pericles,  iv.  4,  and  Malone's  note,  p.  134. 
(2)  Absolved;  freed.     Chaucer. 
ABSOLVE.    To  finish.    See  a  somewhat  pecu- 
liar use  of  this  word  in  Topsell's  Four-Footed 
Beasts,  1607,  p.  89. 

ABSONANT.     Untunable.    Cocker  am.    Hence 
discordant,  disagreeing.     Glanville  has  abso- 
nous  in  the  same  sense.      See  Richardson, 
in  v. 
ABSTABLE.    Able  to  resist. 

He  thanked  God  of  his  myracle, 

To  whose  myght  may  be  none  abatable. 

Gower,  ed.  1532,  f.  36, 
ABSTENEDEN.    Abstained. 

Siche  myracHs  pleying  not  onely  pervertith  oure 
bileve  but  oure  verrey  hope  in  God,  by  the  whiehe 
seyntis  hopiden  that  the  more  thei  ab&teneden  hem 
fro  siche  pleyes,  the  more  mede  thei  shuld  then  have 
of  God.  Retiq.  Antiq,  ii.  47. 

ABSTENT.    Absent.     Warw. 
ABSTER.    To  deter. 

As  the  other  fixed  upon  the  door  maketh  me  to 

rejoice  and  to  put  my  whole  affiance  in  Christ,  so 

this  in  like  manner  should  ab*ter  and  fear  me  and 

mine  from  doing  evil.  Becon'g  Works,  p.  63. 

ABSTINENT.    Abstemious.    Minsheu.    Absti- 


ABU  12 

nency,  which  is  not  given  by  Richardson,  oc- 
curs in  Harrington's  Nugas  Ant.  oi.  247.  See 
the  quotation  under  Almesfutte. 

ABSTRACT.  A  separation.  See  Anthony  and 
Cleopatra,  iii.  6  j  Donee's  Illustrations,  ii.  93. 
The  verb  is  used  in  the  sense  of  taking  away 
surreptitiously,  and  sometimes  by  the  vulgar 
for  extract.  I  was  once  asked  by  the  porter 
of  an  ancient  college  whether  I  \vas  come 
"  agen  to-day  to  abstract  Some  of  the  old 
writings." 

iBSTJRD,  A  scholastic  term,  employed  when 
false  conclusions  are  illogically  deduced  from 
the  premises  of  the  opponent.  See  the  Broken 
Heart,  i.  3. 

ABTHANE.  A  steward.  Minsheu.  There  is  a 
dispute  about  the  exact  meaning  of  the  word, 
which  is  generally  said  to  be  the  old  title  of 
the  High  Steward  of  Scotland. 

ABU.    Above.    Devon. 

ABUCHYMENT.    An  ambush. 
Y-leiedejond  on  abuchyinent 

Sarasyns  wonder  faJe, 
In  the  wode  that  Bonder  stent* 
Ten  thousant  al  by  tale.    MS.  A&hmole  33,  f.  JO. 

ABUDE.    To  bid;  to  offer. 

And  in  the  fairest  manere  that  he  can, 

The  message  he  gan  abude.   MS.  Ashnwle  S3,  f.  24, 

ABUE.    To  bow ;  to  obey. 
Ne  uuderstonde  hou  luther  yt  ys  to  do  eny  outrage. 
Other  werny  out  the  noble  stude,  that  al  the  world 
abueth  to.  -Rofi.  Glouc*.  p.  193. 

ABUF.    Above. 

Methoght  I  showed  man  luf  when  I  made  hyra  to  be 
Allo angels  abuf,  like  to  the  Trynyte. 

Toumeley  Mysteries,  p.  22. 
Dere  lady,  graunt  me  thi  lufe, 
For  the  lufe  of  Hym  that  sittis  abufe, 
That  stongene  was  with  a  spere. 

MS.  Lincoln  A.  i.  17,  f.  119. 
He  thane  to  luflfe 
Alle  thynge  abufe, 

Thow  aughe  be  fayne,  MS.  Laud.  330. 

ABUGGEN.   To  abie,  q.  v.    See  Wright's  Lyric 
Poetry,  p.  112  ;  Walter  Mapes,  p.  341 ;  Reliq. 
Antiq.  ii.  276 ;  Kyng  Horn,  1081. 
Ac  let  us  and  cure  ofspryng 
dbugge  oure  mysdede. 

MS.  Coll.  Trin.  Qxon.  V},  f.  11. 
Help  me,  God !  and  this  day 

He  sschal  abttgge,  jef  ich  may.    MS.  Douce  376,  p.  36. 
ABUIN.    Above.    North. 
ABUNDAND.    [Those  who  are]  abounding  in 
riches. 

PU  not  the  pore  peple  with  your  prechyng, 
Bot  begge  at  abundand  and  at  ryche  aray. 

Audelay's  Puems,  p.  30. 

ABUNDATION.    Abundance.    Herefordsh. 

ABURNE.  Auburn.  See  Plorio,  in  v.  Alburno. 
Auburn  colour  is  translated  by  citriims  in  the 
Prompt.  Parv.  which  would  make  it  an  orange 
tinge,  rather  than  the  brownish  colour  now  so 
called.  It  is  also  spelt  abourne,  as  in  the 
Triall  of  Wits,  1604,  p.  255.  Another  exam- 
pie  of  alurne  occurs  in  Well  met,  Gossip,  4to. 
Lond.  1619. 

Her  blaclt,  browne,  aburne,  or  her  yellow  hayre, 
Naturally  lovely,  she  dothscome  to  weare. 

Vraytorfs  Poems,  p.  2<j& 


ABY 


ABUS.    The  river  Huinber. 

Foreby  the  river  that  whylome  was  hight 
The  ancient  abus*  where  with  courage  stout 
He  them  defeated  in  victorious  fight. 

Faerie  Queene,  II.  x.  16. 
ABUSCHID.     Ambushed;  in  ambush. 

That  was  abuschid  ther  Inside  in  a  brent  greve. 

Wilham  and  the  Werwolf,  p.  131. 

ABUSE.  To  deceive;  to  impose  upon.  See 
Cymbeline,  i.  5 ;  Beaumont  and  Fletcher,  i. 
169.  The  noun  occurs  in  Measure  for  Mea- 
sure, v.  1. 

ABUSED.    Vitiated;  depraved. 

Such  as  have  cure  of  soule, 
That  be  so  farre  abused, 
They  cannot  be  excused 

By  reason  nor  by  law.         STcelton's  WorJcS)  \.  155. 
ABUSEFUL.     Abusive.     Herefordsh. 
ABUSHMENTLY.    In  ambush.    Huloet. 
ABUSION.    An  abuse.  (^-7V.)    See  the  Faerie 
Queene,  II.  xi.  1 1 ;  Wright's  Monastic  Letters, 
p.  141  ;  Hawkins'  Engl.  Dram.  i.  154  ;  Troilus 
and  Creseide,  iv.  990;  Palsgrave,  f.  17  ;  Hall, 
Henry  VI.  f.  62. 
Moreovyr  wys  right  a  gret  abushn, 
A.  woman  of  a  land  to  be  a  regent. 

MS,  Soc.  Antiq.  101,  f.  9H, 
Marke  vrelle  thys  conclusyon, 
Throughe  suche  abusyon.  MS,  Raivl.  C.  238. 

ABUSIOUS.    Abusive. 

Even  on  the  very  forehead  of  thee,  thou  abuswus 
Villaine!  therefore  prepare  thysclfe. 

Taming  of  a  S/irew,  1007, 

ABUSSHEMENT.  An  ambush. 
Full  covertly  to  lay  abusshement, 
Under  an  hyll  att  a  strayght  passage. 

MS.  Retwl.  0.  48. 

ABUST.     To  arrange^ 

Wei,  said  he,  y  knowe  ys  wllle, 

Fairer  thou  abmt  thy  tale ; 
JL,et  another  ys  message  telle,  * 

And  stond  thou  ther  by  thy  fate. 

MS-  Atihmolc  33 1  f.  24. 

ABUT.     But.    North. 

ABUTTAL.    A  boundary.  See  a  quotation  from 

Coke,  by  Boucher,  in  v. 
ABUY.  (1)  To  bow.      > 

Tho  he  was  kyng  y-mad,  ys  hest  he  made  anon, 
That  clanliche  to  Vortiger  ys  men  atntydt;  echon. 

Rob.  Ghat?.  |».  U«J. 

(2)  To  abie,  q.  Y.     See  Cotgra\e,  in  v.  JSncftere. 
ABUY3E,    To  abie,  q.  v. 

Thi  ryot  thow  schalt  now  abit;/^, 

As  othere  that  leeveth  uppon  urc  lore. 

Walter  j&fapef,  p.  345. 

ABVERT.    To  Jurn  away.     Cocfaram. 
ABVOLATE.    To  fly  away.     Cockeram. 
ABWENE.    Above. 

Thane  come  of  the  oryente  ewyne  hyme  agaynez 
A  Wake  bustous  bere  abwene  in  theclowdcs, 

Morte  Arthurs,  MS.  Lincoln,  f.  61 
ABYCHE.    To  suffer  for. 

Ther  start  in  Sander  Sydebreche, 

And  swere,  be  his  fader  sowle,  he  schuld^  ttbyche. 

Hunttyng  of  the  Hare,  1 7ft 
ABYDDE.    Abided. 

Some  hope  that  whan  sheknowith  th<a  ca««, 
Y  trust  to  God,  that  withyne  short  apase, 
She  will  me  take  agaync  to  grace ; 
Than  have  y  well  a6^<ide.        tletiq,  Antiq.  1.  24 


ACC 


13 


ACC 


ABIDE.     To  forbear.     Cf.  Urry,  p.  113. 
Considering  the  best  on  every  side 
That  fro  his  lust  wer  him  better  abyde, 
Than  do  so  hie  a  churlishe  wretehidnesse. 

Chaucer,  MS.  Cantab, 

ABYME.    An  abyss.     See  Abime. 

ABYN.     Been. 

Lord,  and  thou  haddyst  byn  here,  werely 
My  brother  had  natt  abyn  ded,  I  know  well  thysse. 
Digby  Mysteries, -p.  104. 

ABYSM.    An  abyss.     ShaJc. 

ABYT.      Abideth;     continueth.      See    Kyng 

Alisaunder,    3638;  Urry's  Chaucer,  p.   542. 

Cf.  Abit. 
ABYYD.  (1)  Stay. 

Abt/t/d,  syr  emperour,  yf  thou  wylt !   Octovian,  248. 
(2)  Suffer. 

Hast  thou  broke  my  comaundement, 

Abyijd  ful  dere  thou  schalle.       Riliq.  Antiq.  ii.  91. 
AC.    But.  (4.-S.) 
ACADEME.    An  academy.     Shaft. 

Come,  brave  spirits  of  the  realme, 

Unshaded  of  the  academe. 

Peacham's  Thalia's  Banquet,  1620. 

ACAID.    Vinegar.    HowelL 
ACALE.    Cold,  (4.-S.) 

And  eek  he  was  so  sore  acaZe, 
That  he  wiste  of  himselfe  no  bote. 

Gower,  MS.  Soc.  Antiq.  134,  f.  233. 
For  blood  may  suffre  blood, 
Bothe  hungry  and  a-cale. 

Piers  Ploughman)  p.  393. 
ACARNE.     The  sea-roach.    Kersey. 
A-CAS.     By  chance.     Sir  Tristrem. 
A-CAST.     Cast  away ;  lost. 

And  weneth  for  te  kevere,  and  ever  buth  a-cast. 

Weight's  Pol.  Songs,  p.  149. 
My  purpos  is  y-failed  ; 
Now  is  my  comfort  a-cast. 

Piers  Ploughman,  p.  457 

ACATER.    A  caterer;   a  purveyor.     See  Sad 
Shepherd,  ii.  2 ;  Rutland  Papers,  p.  78. 
He  is  my  wardrobe  man,  my  acatert  cook, 
Butler,  and  steward.  Devil  is  an  Ass,  i.  2. 

AGATES.  Victuals;  provisions  purchased.  See 
Hoceleve's  Poems,  p.  40 ;  Cotgrave,  in  v. 
Pitance. 

I,  and  all  choice  that  plenty  can  send  in  ; 
Bread,  wine,  acates,  fowl,  feather,  fish,  or  fin. 

Sad  Shepherd,  \.  3. 

ACATRY.    The  room  or  place  allotted  to  the 
keeping  of  all  such  provisions  as  the  purveyors 
purchased  for  the  king. 
ACATS.    Agates. 

Of  acute  and  of  amadstes  and  adamants  fyne. 

MS.Ashmole  44,  f.  91. 

ACAUSE/ Because.  Suffolk.  The  following  Suf- 
folk lines  are  from  Major  Moor's  MS. 
Yow  muss'-nt  sing  a'  Sunday, 

Acause  it  is  a  sin  ; 
But  yeou  mah  sing  a'  Monday, 

Till  Sunday  come  aginn. 
ACAWMIN.     Coming.     Somerset.  - 
ACAZDIR.    Tin.    HowelL 
ACAZE.    Against. 

The  barons  it  bispeke,  that  it  nas  nojt  wel  i-do 
Acaze  the  pourveanee,  vor  hiinolde  Frenssman  non. 
Rob.-  Glow,  p.  535, 

ACCABLE.    To  press  down.    Juntos. 


ACCAHINTS.     Accounts.     Staffordsh. 

ACCENSED.    Kindled. 

Although  thei  perceved  their  company  to  be  ac- 
cessed and  inflamed  with  fury  and  malice  ynough, 
yet  to  augment  and  encrease  their  madnes,  thei  cast 
oyle  and  pitche  into  a  fyre.  Hall,  Henry  VII.  f,  41. 

ACCEPCION.     Reception;  acceptation. 

Ther  is  nothing  rijtliche  bygunne  undir  God,  bot 
the  emperour  jive  therto  favorable  accepcion  and  un- 
dirfonging.  Vegecius,  MS.  Douce  291 ,  f .  4. 

There  is  a  second  acception  of  the  word  frith,  put 
either  for  the  -whole  system  of  that  truth  which  God 
hath  been  pleased  to  reveal  to  his  Church  in  the 
Scriptures  of  the  Old  and  New  Testament,  or  some 
part  thereof.  Sanderson's  Sermons,  1(589,  p.  61, 

ACCEPTILATION.  A  verball  acquittance,  when 
the  debtour  demandeth  of  the  creditour,  Doe 
you  acknowledge  to  have  had  and  received  this 
or  that  ?    And  the  creditour  answereth,  Yea, 
I  doe  acknowledge  it.    Minsheu. 
ACCERSE.      To  call    together;    to  summon. 
(Lai.)     See  Hall's  Union,  1548,  Edward  IV. 
f.  26 ;  Henry  VII.  f.  40. 
ACCESS.    Augmentation. 

Brought  thereunto  more  accesse  of  estimation  and 
reverence  than  all  that  ever  was  done  before  or 
since.  Lambarde's  Perambulation,  1596',  p.  30 J. 

ACCESSE.  (1)  A  fit  of  any  illness.  See  Florio, 
in  v.  Accesso,  According  to  Blount,  "  the  ac- 
cess of  an  ague  is  the  approach  or  coming  of 
the  fit ;"  and  "  in  Lancashire  they  call  the 
ague  itself  the  access."  See  Axes. 
(2)  A  fever. 

A  water  lilly,  whiche  dothe  remedy 
In  hote  accesws,  as  bokes  specify. 

Bocha*.  b.  1.  c   15. 

For  as  the  grayne  of  the  garnet  sleeth 
The  stronge  acces,  and  doth  the  hete  avale. 

Lydgate,  MS-  Soc.  Antiq.  134,  f.  13. 
ACCESSIVELIE.  Accessoriamente,  accessivelie, 

by  his  own  seeking.    Florio- 
ACCIDAVY.    An  affidavit.    North. 
ACCIDE.     Sloth;  indolence;   more  especially 
applied  to  religious  duties.  (LaL) 
Vayne  dole,  perplexite",  and  pryde, 
Irkyng  of  gode  and  acdde. 

MS.  Coll  Sion.  xvlli.  6. 
Swych  synne  men  kalle  nccyde, 
"  Yn  Goddys  servyse  sloghe  betytle. 

MS.  Hart.  1701,  f.  29. 
Accide  ys  slowthe  in  Godes  servise, 
In  which  y  fynde  many  a  vice. 

MS.  Bodl.  48,  f.  135. 

ACCIDENT.  A  symptom  of  illness.  Rider.  The 
situation  of  a  too  confiding  girl,   when  her 
swain  has  proved  faithless,  is  sometimes  thus 
politely  designated: 
"  When  lovely  woman  stoops  to  folly, 
And  finds  too  late  that  men  betray.** 
ACCIDIE.    Indolence;  sloth. 
He  hadde  an  accidie. 
That  he  sleep  Saterday  and  Sonday. 

Pier*  Ploughman,  p.  9&. 

ACCIPITRARY.    A  falconer.    Nash. 
ACCITE.    To  call ;  to  summon.    Shak. 
ACCLOY.     To  cram  ;  to  clog ;  to  overload ;  to 

cloy.    Hardyng  uses  this  word  very  frequently. 

See  his  Chronicle,  ff.  47,  59,  82,  94, 137, 140, 

198. 


ACC 


14  ACC 


And  who  so  it  doth,  full  foule  himself  acdoyeth, 
For  office  uncommitted  ofte  annoyeth. 

Chaucer,  MS.  Cantab. 

ACCLOYD.  A  wound  given  to  a  horse  in  shoe- 
ing, by  driving  a  nail  into  the  quick.  See 
TopselTs  Four-Footed  Beasts,  1607,  p.  414. 
To  accloy  originally  meant  to  drive  a  nail  in 
shoeing  a  horse.  See  Prompt.  Parv.  p.  6  ; 
Cotgrave,  in  v.  Enclouer. 
ACCOAST.  To  sail  coastwise  ;  to  approach  the 

coast.      Spenser. 
ACCOIL.  '  To  hustle. 

About  the  caudron  many  cookes  accoi/ld, 
With  hookes  and  ladles,  as  need  did  requyre. 

FaeHe  Queene,  II.  ix.  30. 

ACCOL.  To  emhrace  round  the  neck.  See 
Surrey's  Virgil,  quoted  by  Richardson,  in  v. 

ACCOLADE.  The  ceremony  of  embracing,  for- 
merly customary  at  the  creation  of  knights. 
Skinner. 

ACCOLDED.     Cold, 

When  this  knyght  that  was  accolded, — and  hit  was 
gretefroste, — and  he  saw  the  fyre,  he  descendideof 
his  horse,  and  yede  to  the  fyre,  and  warmide  him. 
Gesta  Romanorum,  p.  83. 

ACCOMBEROUS.    Cumbersome;  troublesome. 
A  litil  tyme  his  yeft  is  agreable, 
But 'ful  accomberous  is  the  usinge.- 

Complaint  of  Venus,  42. 

ACCOMBRE.  To  embarrass ;  to  bring  into 
trouble ;  to  overcome ;  to  destroy.  See 
Hardyng's  Chronicle,  f.  56,  94  ;  Piers  Plough- 
man, gloss.  See  Acombre. 

Nay,  knave,  yf  ye  try  me  by  nomber, 
I  wyll  as  knavishly  you  acminber. 

Playe  called  the  Four6  PP. 

ACCOMMODATE.  A  very  fashionable  word  in 
Shakespeare's  time,  ridiculed  both  by  him 
and  Ben  Jonson,  the  latter  calling  it  one  of 
"  the  perfumed  terras  of  the  time."  The  in- 
"definite  use  of  it  is  well  ridiculed  by  Bardolph's 
vain  attempt  to  define  it  in  2  Henry  IV.  iii.  2. 
Justice  Shallow  has  informed  us  just  previously 
that  it  was  derived  from  the  Italian  accommodo. 

ACCOMPLICE.  A  partner,  associate,  or  com- 
panion. This  word  was  not  formerly  applied 
exclusively  in  a  bad  sense.  See  1  Hen.  VI.  v.  2. 

ACCOMPLISH.  To  equip,  to  dress  out,  to  adorn 
either  in  body  or  mind.  See  Hen.  V.  iv.  ch. 

ACCOMPTE.    To  tell;  to  recount. 

Syr,  to  accompte  you  the  contynewe  of  my  consayte, 
Is  from  adversyte  Magnyfycence  to  unbynde. 

Skelton's  Work*,  \.  305. 

ACCONFERMENT.  A  confirmation.  Mob.  Glouc. 

ACCORAGE.    To  encourage. 

But  that  same  froward  twaine  would  accorage, 
And  of  her  plenty  adde  unto  their  need. 

Faerie  Queene,  II.  ii.  38. 

ACCORATH-EARTH.     A  field  j  green  arable 

earth.    North. 
ACCORD.    Action  in  speaking,  corresponding 

with  the  words.  See  Titus  Andronicus,  v.  2. 
ACCORD  ABLE.  Easy  to  be  agreed.  Minsheu, 
ACCORDAND.  Agreeing. 

For  the  resoun  of  his  saule  was  ay  accordand  with 

the  Godhed  for  to  dye.         MS.  Con.  Eton.  1 0,  f.  30. 


ACCORDANT.    Agreeing. 

Whiche  saying  is  not  ctccordaunte  with  other 
writers.  Fabian,  1559,  i.  18. 

ACCORDEDEN.    Agreed, 

Whan  my  fellows  and  I  weren  in  that  vale,  wee 
weren  in  gret  thought  whether  that  wee  dursteti 
putten  ourebodyesin  aventute,  to  gon  in  or  non,  m 
the  proteccioun  of  God.  And  sornme  of  cure  fellowes 
accordeden  to  enter,  and  sommenoght. 

Maundevile's  Travels,  p.  282. 

ACCORDING.     Granting. 

To  shew  it  to  this  knight,  acwding-  his  desire. 

Faerie  Queenr,  I.  x.  50. 

ACCORT.    Heedy ;  wary ;  prudent.     Minsheu. 
ACCOST.    Explained  by  Cockeram  "  to  appro- 
priate."    It  occurs  in  a  curious  manner  in 
Twelfth  Night,  i.  3.     Kennett,  MS.  Lansd. 
1033,   explains   it    "to  trie,    to    attempt;" 
Minsheu,  to  "  draw  neare  unto  one  ;"  and  the 
author  of  the  New  English  Dictionary,  1691, 
says,  "wrestlers  do  accost  one  another,  by 
joining  side  to  side." 
ACCOUNSAYL.    To  counsel  with. 
And  called  him  without  fail, 
And  said  he  wold  him  accounsairL 

Richard  Cotr  de  Lion,  2140. 

And  the  thirdesorte  haith  their  ffees  to  be  accottn- 
seitt  with  thehowse,  and  yet  the  greatest  nomber  of 
theym  hath  no  lernynge. 

Wright's  Monastic  "Letters,  p.  289. 

ACCOUNT.    To  count;  to  reckon.     Spenser. 

To  account  of,  to  esteem,  as  in  Tarlton's  News 

out  of  Purgatory,  p,  59. 

ACCOUNTANT.    Accountable ;  responsible  for. 

ShaJc. 
ACCOUPLE.   To  join ;  to  couple.   Sec  Hall  and 

Bacon,  quoted  by  Richardson,  in  v. 
ACCOURTING.    Courting.     Spenser, 
ACCOWARD.    To  make  one  a  coward. 

I  thought  that  al  the  wordes  in  the  world  shulde 
nat  have  accowardad  the.  Pa/^rare,  f.  137, 

ACCOY.  To  alarm  ;  to  daunt;  to  render  diffi- 
dent, shy,  or  coy ;  and  sometimes  to  soothe,  to 
pacify,  or  make  quiet.  Spenser  frequently 
uses  the  word.  Seedcoie.  Cf.  Peele's  Works 
iii.  152. 

Forsaken  wight,  she  verWe  believde 
Some  other  lasse  Ulysses  had  acot/de. 

Turbevite's  Odd,  3567,  arg. 

ACCOYNTED.    Acquainted.    (/>.) 

The  people,  having  so  graciouse  n  prince  and 
souverayne  lorde  as  the  klnges  highnes  Is,with  whom, 
hy  the  continuance  of  his  regue  over  them  thiesSS 
yeres,  they  ought  to  be  so  well  acwynted. 

Stats  Papers,  1. 475. 

ACCRASE.    To  crush  j  to  destroy. 

Fynding  my  youth  myspent,  my  substance  ym- 
payred,  my  credyth  accrased,  my  talent  hydden,  my 
folljes  laughed  att,  my  rewyne  unpyttcd,  and  my 
trewth  unemployed.  Queen's  fi-ogrtoscs,  i.  21. 

ACCREASE.    To  increase;  to  augment.    See 

Florio,  in  v.  dccrescere. 

ACCREW.  To  increase  j  to  accrue.  Spenser  uses 
this  word,  but  without  to  or  from,  which 
accrue  now  requires. 
ACCRIPE.    A  herb? 

Some  be  browne,  and  some  b«  whit, 
And  some  be  tender  as  accripe. 


ACH 


15 


ACH 


ACCROCHE.  To  increase;  to  gather;  to  en- 
croach. See  Palsgrave,  f.  137. 

And  fyre,  whan  it  to  tow  approcheth, 
Tho  him  anon  the  strengthe  accrocheth. 

Cower,  MS.  Soc.  dntiq.  i34,  f.  102. 
He  never  accroched  treasour  nere  nor  ferre 
Towarde  hymselfe.  Bochas,  b.  v.  c.  16, 

ACCRUMENT.     Increase ;  addition.     Taylor. 
ACCTECLOTHE.    In  an  old  inventory,  dated 
1586,  in  Reliq.  Antiq.  i.  254,  mention  is  made 
of  "  accteclothe  of  j.  yerd." 
ACCUB.  The  footmark  of  any  animal.  CocJceram. 
ACCUITY.    Top;  summit. 

The  cause  whie,  as  telleth  autors  old, 
Is  that  theire  accuiti/  is  duld  with  cold. 

AsJimolefs  Theat.  Chem.  Brit.ip.  77. 
ACCURSE.    To  curse.     Skinner. 
ACCUSE.    To  discover. 

The  entrees  of  the  yerde  accuseth 
To  him  that  in  the  watir  tnuseth. 

Rom.  of  the  Rose,  1591. 
ACCUSTOM.    A  custom.    SMnner. 
ACCUSTOMED-TO.   Acquainted  with.   Dorset. 
ACELED.    Sealed. 

The  legat,  tho  it  was  aceled,  wende  vorth  over  se. 

Rob.  Glouc.  p.  517. 

ACENTE.    Assent.      See  Rob.  Glouc.  p.  96; 
Prompt.  Parv.  p.  15.    The  latter  work  gives 
the  verb  acentyn,  p.  5. 
ACENTENDEN.    Assented. 

The  douzze  peres  acentenden  ther-to, 
To  bide  til  winter  were  i-do. 

MS.  Douce  376,  p.  27. 

ACERBATE.    To  make  sour;  to  sharpen. 

Tis  this,  said  he,  that  acerbates  my  woe. 
.  Billingsly's  Brachy-Martyrologia,  1657,  p.  53. 

^CEROTE.    Brown  bread.    Minsheu. 
ACERTAINED.     Confirmed  in  opinion. 
For  now  I  am  acertained  throughly 
Of  every  thing  I  desired  to  know. 

Todd's  Gouter  and  Chaucer,  p.  225, 

ACESCENT.    Sour.    Arluthnot, 
ACE  SE.    To  cease ;  to  satisfy.     See  Reliq.  Antiq. 
ii.  126. 

Al  wo  and  werres  he  schal  acese, 
And  set  al  reams  in  rest  and  pese. 

MS.  Douce  302,  f.  29. 
And  litel  thinge  jowre  nede  may  acesen, 
So  that  nature  may  have  hire  sustenaunce. 

Boetiu$,  MS.  Soc.  Antiq.  134,  f.  295. 

ACETHE.  This  form  of  aseth,  q.  v.,  occurs  in 
Prompt.  Parv.  pp.  5, 182.  The  quotation  given 
by  Mr.  Way  from  Piers  Ploughman  is  scarcely 
applicable.  See  Asseth. 

ACH.  SmaUage;  water-parsley.  The  word  oc- 
curs in  an  old  list  of  plants  in  MS.  Harl.  978, 
f.  24,  explained  by  the  Latin  opium.  See 
also  Prompt.  Parv.  pp.  6,  246 ;  Reliq.  Antiq. 
i.  51,  53 ;  Wright's  Lyric  Poetry,  p.  26 ;  MS. 
Med.  Lincoln,  f.  280. 

ACHAHI.  Alum-water.  A  chemical  term.  Howett. 

ACHAMECK.    The  dross  of  silver.    Howell. 

A-CHARMED.    Delighted. 

Ther  ben  somrae  that  eten  chyldren  and  men,  and 
eteth  noon  other  flesh  fro  that  tyme  that  thei  be 
a-charmed  with  matinys  flesh,  for  rather  thei  wolde 
be  deed ;  and  thei  be  cleped  werewolfes,  for  men 
•faulde  be  war  of  hem.  .  MS.  Bodl.  546. 


A-CHARNE.     To  set  on.     (A.-N.} 

That  other  resoun  is  whanne  thei  a-charneth  in  a 
contrd  of  werre  there  as  batayles  have  y-be,  there 
thei  eteth  of  dede  men,  or  of  men  that  be  honged. 
MS.  Bodl.  54(J. 

ACHAT.     A  contract;  a  bargain.     See  Urry's 
•  Chaucer,  p.  362. 
Cursed  be  he,  quod  the  kyng,  that  the  achat  made. 

MS.  Cott.  Vespas.  E.  xvi.  f.  83. 

ACHATES.    An  agate.    Minsheu. 
ACHATOUR.    The  person  who  had  the  charge 
of  the  acatry ;  the  purveyor,  i 
A  gcntil  manciple  was  ther  of  a  temple, 
Of  which  achatows  mighten  take  ensemple. 

Chaucer,  Cant.  T.  570. 

ACHAUFE.     To  warm ;  to  make  hot.    (A.-N.} 
Whanne  the  hert  hath  be  xv.  dayes  at  the  rutte 
skarslyche,  the  bukke  bygynneth  to  achaufe  hymself 
and  bolne.  MS.  Bodl.  546. 

That  swollen  sorow  for  to  put  away, 
With  softe  salve  achaufe  it  and  defie. 

BoeUus,  MS.  Soc.  Antiq.  134,  f.  2£)f>. 
And  be-sete  in  that  settel  semlyeh  ryche, 
And  achaufed  hym  chefly,  and  thenne  his  cher  mended. 
Syr  Gawayne,  p.  34. 

ACHAUNGED.     Changed;  altered. 

Whan  the  emperice  that  understod, 
Al  achaunged  was  hire  blod. 

The  Sevyn  Sages,  4C6. 
ACHAYERE.    Gere;  array. 

Scho  was  frely  and  £- yre, 
Wele  semyd  hir  achayere. 

Sir  Degrevante,  MS.  Lincoln. 
ACHE.    (1)  An  ash  tree.    This  seems  to  be  the 
meaning  of  it  in  the  Plumpton  Correspond- 
ence, p.  188. 
(2)  Age. 

But  thus  Godis  low  and  he  wil  welde, 
Even  of  blod,  of  good,  of  ache. 

MS.  Douce  302,  f.  30. 

ACHEKID.    Choked. 

And  right  anon  whan  that  Theseus  sethe 
The  best  achekid,  he  shal  on  him,  lepe 
To  sleen  him,  or  they  comin  more  to  hepe. 

Leg.  of  Ariadne,  123. 

ACHE  LOR.  Ashler,  or  hewn  stone  used  for  the 
facings  of  walls.  A  contract  for  building 
Burnley  church,  co.  York,  temp.  Henry  VIII. 
specifies  "  a  course  of  achelors."  See  Britten's 
Arch.  Diet,  in  v.  Ashlar. 

ACHER.  An  usher.  In  Archaeologia,  xxvi,  278, 
mention  is  made  of  Loys  Stacy,  "  acher  to  the 
Duke  of  Burgoine." 

ACHES,  Convulsions  are  called  "  pricking 
aches"  by  Rider.  It  was  sometimes  used  as 
a  dissyllable.  See  Hudibras,  III.  ii.  407. 

ACHESOUN.    Reason;  cause.    Hearne,  gloss, 
to  P.  Langtoffc,  explains  it  occasion. 
And  all  he  it  dede  for  traisoun, 
King  to  be  was  his  achesoun. 

Arthour  and  Merlin,  p.  6. 

A-CHETYN.    To  escheat.    Prompt.  Parv. 
ACHEVE.   To  accomplish.   Urry  reads  achived. 

And  through  falshed  ther  lust  acheved, 

Wherof  I  repent,  and  am  greved. 

Rom.  of  the  Rose,  2049. 

A-CHOKED.    Choked. 

For  he  was  a~choked  anon, 

And  toward  the  dethe  he  drou$h. 

MS.  Laud,  108,  f.  195. 


-ACK  1(3 

ACHON.    Each  one. 

The  lady  tok  her  maydenys  achon, 

And  wente  the  way  that  sche  hadde  er  gon. 

Launfal*  1013, 

ACHORN.    An  acorn.     Cfiesfi. 
ACHRAS.    A  wild  choak-pear. 
ACHWYN.    To  shun ;  to  avoid.    Prompt.  Parv. 
We  have  also,  "  achuynge,  or  beynge  ware, 
precavens,  mtans." 

ACISE.    Assizes,    In  Archseologia,  xvii.  291,  it 
is  used  in  the  sense  of  assize. 

Ther  he  sette  his  owne  acise, 
And  made  bailifs,  and  justices 

Kyng  Alisaunder,  1423. 
ACK.    To  mind ;  to  regard,    North, 
ACKE.    But.    (A.-S.) 

Acks  that  ne  tel  thou  no  man 
For  the  sothe  thou  hast  i-founde. 

MS.  Laud.  108,  f.  1. 

ACKELE.    To  cool. 

But  verray  love  is  vertue  as  I  fele, 
For  -verray  love  may  freile  desire  ackele. 

Courts  of  Love,  1076- 

ACKER.  (1)  A  ripple  on  the  surface  of  the  wa- 
ter. So  explained  in  the  Craven  dialect,  but 
Huloet,  in  his  Abcedarium,  1552,  has  "  aker 
of  the  sea,  whiche  preventeth  the  flowde  or 
ffowynge,  impetus  maris"  a  more  precise  defi- 
nition, preventeth  being  of  course  used  in  the 
sense  of  preceded.  In  the  Prompt  Parv.  p.  8, 
alcyr  occurs  with  the  same  Latin  that  Huloet 
gives.  See  Eager,  and  Higre,  ramifications 
of  the  same  term,  which  appear  to  he  applied 
to  commotions  of  more  violence  that  the  ge- 
nerality of  Huloet's  explanations  necessarily 
implies.  Mr.  Way  has  a  good  note  on  this 
word  in  the  Prompt.  Parv.  p.  8,  and  makes 
the  following  extract  from  MS.  Cott.  Titus  A. 
•  xxiii.  f.  49 : 

Wei  know  they  the  reume  yfit  a-ryse, 
An  aker  is  it  elept,  I  understonde,      [vrytstonde. 
Whos   rnyght   there   may   no    shippe  or  wynd 
This  reume  in  thoccian  of  propre  kyude, 
Wytoute  wynde  hathe  his  coramotioun  ; 
The  maryneer  therof  may  not  be  blynde, 
But  when  and  where  la  every  reglcmn 
It  regnelhe,  he  moste  have-  inspectioun  ; 
For  in  viage  it  may  bothe  haste  and  tary, 
And  unavised  thereof,  al  myscary. 
This   extract  scarcely  bears  out   Mr.  Way's 
opinion  as  to  the  extended  meaning  of  the 
word  aJcer.    The  third  line  probably  refers  to 
the  reume,  or  tide,  and  merely  means  to  ex- 
press the  great  and  then  necessary  impor- 
tance of  the  tide   to  navigation,   not  any 
particular  commotion   or  current  implied  in 
aker.  Jamieson  has  sitter,  "  the  motion,  break, 
or  movement  made  by  a  fish  in  the  water, 
when  swimming  fast,"  which  is  similar  to  the 
meaning  of  the  word  in  Craven,    Lily  men- 
tions the  agar,  but  this  seems  to  be  the  higre, 
not  in  the  sense  of  a  tide,  but  a  sea-monster. 
See  Nares,  in  v.  Agar.     But,  after  all,  it  may 
mean  the  double  tide,  called  by  Dryden  the 
eagre.    The  word  acker  is  also  used  as  a  verb 
in  the  north,  to  curl,  as  the  water  does  with 
wind.  See  Carlyle's  Hero  Worship,  p.  30,  who 
*aya  the  word  is  still  applied,   on  the  river 


AGO 


Trent,  to  a  kind  of  eddying  twirl  when  the 
river  is  flooded,  which  is  often  extremely  dan- 
gerous to  the  bargemen, 

(2)  Fine  mould.     North. 

(3)  An  acre ;  a  field.     Yorksh. 
ACKERSPRIT.     Said  of  potatoes,  when   the 

roots  have  germinated  before  the  time  of  ga- 
thering them.  Ches7i.  See  Acr aspire.  It  is 
also  used  among  masons  and  stone-getters,  in 
reference  to  stone  which  is  of  a  flinty  or  me- 
tallic quality,  and  difficult  to  work. 

ACKERY.  Abounding  with  fine  mould,  applied 
to  a  field.  North, 

ACKETOUN.    A  quilted  leathern  jacket,  worn 
under  the  mail  armour;  sometimes  used  for 
the  armour  itself.  (A.-N.) 
Hys  fomen  were  well  boim 
To  porce  hys  acketowi.     Lybeans  Discontts,  1175. 

ACKNOWN.  Acknowledged.  North.  See  Ha- 
rington's  Ariosto,  1591,  p.  418;  Lambard's 
Per.  of  Kent,  1596,  p.  461 ;  Supp.  to  Har- 
dyng's  Chronicle,  f.  75, 

ACKSEN.  Ashes,  Wilt*.  This  form  of  the 
word  occurs  in  Ivennett's  Glossary,  MS.  Lansd. 
1033. 

ACKWARDS.  When  a  beast  lies  backwards,  and 
cannot  rise.  See  the  glossary  prefixed  to  the 
Praise  of  Yorkshire  Ale,  1697,  p.  80. 

ACLIT.    Adhered  together.    Devon, 

ACLITE,    Awry.    North. 

ACLOYE.  To  cloy;  to  overload;  to  overrun. 
See  Accloy  ;  Wright's  Political  Songs,  p.  335; 
Ashmole's  Theat.  Chem.  Brit.  p.  201. 

And  told  hym  all  the  cas  unto  the  end, 
How  her  eontrey  was  grevousJy  arlnyed 
Wyth  a  dragon  venoms  and  orible  of  kciul. 

MS>  Laud.  416,  f.  55. 

A-CLUMSID.    Benumbed  with  cold.  Wic&liffe. 
ACME.    Mature  age. 

He  must  be  one  that  can  instruct  your  youth, 
And  keep  your  acme  in  the  state  of  truth. 

Sen  Jonsmfa  Stnp.  o/Mwa,  prol. 

ACOATHED.    Rotten  or  diseased  in  the  Hvcr, 

as  sheep.    Dorset. 

A-COCK-HORSE.  Triumphant.    See  ElhYs  Li- 
terary Letters,  p.  265.    A  somewhat  slang  ex- 
pression, not  quite  obsolete. 
ACOIE.    To  make  quiet. 

Sith  that  ye  reft  him  thaquaintaunce 
Of  Bialacoil,  his  most  joie, 
Whiche  all  his  painis  might  acole. 

Rom.  of  the  Rose,  3554. 

ACOILD.  Congealed.  (A.-N.) 
Al  to  michel  thou  art  afoild  ; 
Now  thi  blod  it  is  acoild.  Gy  of  Warwilte,  p  20 

ACOILE.  See  Level-coil,  a  game  which  is  men- 
tioned by  Brorae,  under  the  title  QtkvettAcQite. 
See  Beaumont  and  Fletcher,  iv.  215,  note. 
ACOLB.  (1)  Cold.  Dr.  Forraan,  in  Ins  Auto- 
biography, MS.  Ashmole  208,  informs  us  that 
when  his  master  "  was  acold,  he  wold  goe 
and  carry  his  faggots  up  into  a  lofte  till  he  was 
hate." 

Thus  lay  this  povere  in  gret  distresse, 
dcolde  and  hungrid  at  the  gate. 

Goioer,  MS,  Stoc.  A*ttq.  134,  f.^183. 
(2)  In  ihe  following  quotation,  which  is  put  into 


AGO 


17 


ACQ 


Joseph's  mouth  after  he  had  made  the  disco- 
very of  the  Virgin  Mary's  presumed  guilt,  Mr. 
Sharp  explains  acold^  called ;  but  the  ordinary 
interpretation,  as  given  above,  wijl  suit  the  con- 
text, implying  that  his  powers  were  impaired. 
Husebond,  in  feythe,  and  that  acald. 

Sharp's  Cov.  My st.  p.  87- 
ACOLDYNG.    Getting  cold. 

The  syknesse  of  the  world  thou  schalt  kncwe  by 
charyte  acoldyng,  and  elde  of  hys  feblenesse. 

Wimbleton's  Sermon,  1388,  MS.  Hatton  57,  p.  24. 

ACOLED.  Cooled.  This  is  the  reading  of  the 
Herald's  College  MS.  of  Robert  of  Gloucester, 
the  other  being  a&etde.  See  Hearne's  edition, 
p.  442. 

ACOLEN.    To  embrace.  (A.-N.) 

Then  acoles  he  the  knyjt,  and  kysses  hym  thryes, 
As  saverly  and  sadly  as  he  hem  sette  couthe. 

Syr  Gawayne,  p.  71- 

ACOMBRE.  To  encumber;  to  trouble.  (A.-N.) 
Cf.  Arthour  and  Merlin,  p.  26  ;  Depos.  of  Rich. 
II.  pp.  29,  30 ;  Skelton's  Works,  i.  298 ;  Kyng 
Ah'saunder,  8025  ;  Prompt.  Parv.  p.  6 ;  Chau- 
cer, Cant.  T.  510;  Piers  Ploughman,  p.  31. 
Acombred  was  he  for  to  here 
Aske  of  so  mony  lettres  sere. 

Cursor  Mundi,MS.  Coll.  Trin.  Cantab,  f.  76. 
A-COMELYD.    Enervated  with  cold.    Prompt. 
Parv.  We  have  also  the  fQrm.a-clommyde,  which 
would  connect  it  perhaps  with  the  provincial 
term  clamm'd. 
ACON.    Aix  la  Chapelle, 

At  Aeon  it  was  brought  to  pas, 
As  by  myne  auctor  tried  it  was. 

Skeltorts  Workst  ii.  48. 
ACONICK.    Poisonous.     Rider. 
ACOP.    Conical ;  ending  in  a  point 

Marry  she's  not  in  fashion  yet;  she  wears  a  hood, 
but  it  stands  acop.  Alchemist,  ii.  6. 

ACOPUS.    Either  a  herb  or  stone,  introduced 
by  Middleton,  in  the  Witch,  as  an  ingredient 
for  a  charm.    See  his  Works,  iii.  327. 
ACORDAUNT.    Agreeing.     (A.-N.) 

Suche  thynge  whereof  a  man  may  lere, 
That  to  vertu  is  acordaunt. 

Cower,  MS.  Soc.  Antiq.  134,  f.  41. 

ACORDEND.    Agreeing.    (A.-N.) 
Nowe  myght  thou  here  next  sewend 
Whichc  to  this  vyee  is  acordend. 

GoKW,  ed.  1532,  f,  36. 

ACORE.    To  sorrow ;  to  grieve.     (A.-N. .?) 
Ich  am  a  man ;  ich  schal  go  fifore : 
Thou  ne  aujtest  nowjt  mi  dej  acore. 

Hartshorne's  Met.  Tales,  p.  112. 
At  Gloucestre  he  deide,  ac  eir  nadde  he  non  ; 
That  acorede  al  this  lond,  and  ys  men  echon. 

Rob.  Glouc.  p,  75. 

ACORSE.    To  curse.    (A.~S.) 
Callede  hem  caytyves 

Acorsed  for  evere.  Piers  Ploughman,  p.  375. 

Acoraed  beo  that  me  bar» 
And  the  tyme  that  ich  was  i-bore. 

MS.  Laud.  108,  f.  107- 

A-CORSY.    To  bury. 

Devs  laudem  it  is  y-clepud ; 

This  salme  the  quene  radde 
For  to  a-cor&y  here  brother  body, 

And  alle  that  him  ladde. 

MS.CvtI.  Ti'in,Qxon,$l. 


ACORYE.     Same  as  Acore,  q.  v. 

Bu  a  peyre  of  a  marc,  other  thou  ssalt  be  acor^e 
sore.  Rob.  Glouc.  p.39() 

Art  thou,  heseide,  onofthulke? 
Thou  it  schalt  acorie  sore  !  MS.  Laud.  108,  f,  122 

ACOST.    On  the  side.    (A.-N.} 

No  schal  [scape]  non  of  this  ost : 

Siweth  me  thus  al  acost.   KyngAHsaunder,  2144. 

Forth  thai  passeth  this  loud  acost 

To  Clarence  with  alle  her  ost. 

Arthnur  and  Merlin,  p.  231, 

ACOUNTRE.    An  encounter. 

With  hard  acountres  hym  agayne. 

MS.  Harl.  2252,  f.  106. 
The  acountre  of  hem  was  so  strong, 
That  mani  dyed  ther  among. 

Gy  of  WanviTcs,  p.  201. 

ACOUPE.  To  blame ;  to  accuse ;  to  inculpate. 
(^.-JV.)  See  Piers  Ploughman,  p.  272  ;  Rob. 
Glouc.  p.  544. 

Alle  ys  pryde  and  vanyte1, 
Of  al  shalt  thou  acouped  be. 

MS.  Harl   1701,  f.  23. 

ACOUPEMENT.    An  accusation.  (A.-N.) 

Withouten  answere  to  acoupement. 

Hartshorn^s  Met.  Tales,  p.  10£). 

ACOUPYNGL    An  onset. 

At  the  acairpyng  the  knijtes  [speres]  either  brak  on 
Swiftli  with  here  swerdes  swinge  thei  togeder.  [other, 
William  and  the  Werwolf,  p.  124. 
ACOVERD.    Recovered. 

Belisent,  withouten  lesing, 
Acovwd  and  undede  her  eyin. 

Arthour  and  Merlin,  p.  315. 

ACOW.    Crooked;  obliquely;  awry.    North. 
A-COYNTEDE.    Made  his  acquaintance. 

Heo  a-coyntede  hym  anon,  and  bicomen  frendes  gode, 
Bothe  for  here  prowes,  and  for  hco  were  of  on  blode. 
Rob.  Glouc.  p.  15. 
ACOYSYNG.    Accusing. 

He  is  forth  brought,  and  the  kyng 

Geveth  him  acoysyng.          Kyng  Alisaundet-j  3973. 

ACQUEYNT.    Quenched. 

The  more  that  my  herte  drynketh 
The  more  I  may,  so  that  me  thynketh 
My  thurst  shall  never  be  acqueynt* 

Cower,  ed.  1532,  f.  129. 

ACQUILL.  A  term  in  hunting.  See  Reliq. 
Antiq.  1  151.  It  was  applied  to  the  buck  and 
doe,  the  male  and  the  female  fox,  and  all  ver- 
min, and  corresponds  to  the  Trench  term 
enquitter  or  aquiller,  a  form  of  accuellir,  for 
which  see  Roquefort,  in  v.  It  is  nearly  syno- 
nymous with  the  more  modern  word  imprime> 
which  was  afterwards  applied  to  unharbour- 
ing  the  hart.  See  Sir  H.  Dryden's  Twici, 
p.  26. 

ACQUIST.  An  acquisition.  Milton.  Skinner 
has  it  as  a  verb,  explained  by  acyuirere, 

ACQUIT.    Acquitted.    Spenser 

ACQUITE.     To  requite. 

O,  how  ill  dost  thou  acquite  the  love  I  beare  thee, 
and  that  which,  for  thy  sake,  1  do  nowe  forsake ! 
The  Shepherdess  Felismena,  ap.Collier's  Shaft.  Lib.  p.28. 

ACQUITTANCE.  (1)  Acquaintance.     Skinner. 

(2)  A  receipt.    North. 

(3)  Requital.    See  Othello,  iv.  2.    It  is  also  used 
by  Shakespeare  in  the  sense  of  "  to  procure  ai> 
acquittance,  to  acquit."  See  Richard  III,  iii.  7. 

2 


ACS 


18 


ACU 


ACQUYSE.    To  acquire. 

Late  to  go  to  rest,  and  erly  for  to  ryse, 
Hera  our  and  goodes  dayly  to  acqvyse. 

Muitland's  Lambeth  Books,  p.  281, 

ACRASED.    Crazed.     Grafton, 

ACRE.  (1)  A  field.    The  word  at  first  signified 

not  a  determined  quantity  of  land,  but  any 

open  ground,  especially  a  wide  campagne ;  and 

that  sense  of  it  seems  preserved  in  the  names 

of  places,  as  Castle-acre,  West-acre,  in  co. 

Norf.    See  Alter;  Kenfcett's  Glossary,  p.  4; 

MS.  Laiisd.   1033;    Gloss,  to  P.  Langt.  p. 

518-21. 

Pople  with  alle  the  r&zhesse,  and  aJcre*,  als  thei 

wounen 

Thorgh  ther  douhtinesse,  the  lend  thorgh  thei 
roiinen.  Peter  Langtoft,  p.  115, 

(2)  An  old  sort  of  duel  fought  by  single  com- 
batants, English  and  Scotch,  between  the  fron- 
tiers of  their  kingdom,  with  sword  and  lance. 

Cowett. 

ACRE-DALE.  Lands  in  a  common  field,  in  which 
different  proprietors  hold  portions  of  greater 
or  lesser  quantities.  North. 

ACRE  ME.    Ten  acres  of  land.    A  law  term. 

ACRE-MEN.     Husbandmen.   (Dut.} 
The  foules  up,  and  song  on  bough, 
And  awe-men  yede  to  the  plough.   Lay  le  Fre'me,  176. 

ACRES.    The  town  so  called  ? 

Armede  hym  in  a  actone,  with  orfraeez  fulle  ryche, 
Aboven  one  that  a  jeryne  of  Ames  owte  over. 

Morte  Arthur  e,  MS.  Lincoln,  f.  63. 

ACRE-SHOT.  A  kind  of  local  land-tax,  or  charge. 
The  said  in-dikes  should  be  carefully  maintained 
and  repaired  by  those  dyke-reeves,  out  of  the  com- 
mon acre-shot,  assessed  within  every  of  the  said 
towns.  Tjugdale's  lmbariking>  p.  275. 

ACRESTAFF.  The  plough-staff.  Huloet.  Howell 
translates  it  le  curoir  du  coutre.  See  also 
Cotgrave,  in  v.  Curette. 

ACROKE.    Crooked. 

Who  so  byldeth  after  every  man  his  howse,  hit 
schalle  stonde  acroke.  MS.  Douce  52, 

ACROOK'D.     Crooked;  awry.     Yorksh. 

ACROSPIRE.  When  unhoused  grain,  exposed 
to  wet  weather,  sprouts  at  both  ends,  it  is  said 
to  acrospire.  According  to  Kersey,  the  acro- 
spyre  of  corn  ia  "  that  part  which  shoots  out 
towards  the  smaller  end  of  the  seed."  (6V.) 

Other  will  have*the  sprit  drowned,  and  most  of 
those  which  come  without  extraordinary  pains,  will 
send  forth  their  substance  in  an  acrospire. 

Aubrey' $  Wilts,  Royal  Sac.  MS.  p.  304. 

ACROSS.    (1)  A  kind  of  exclamation  when  a 
sally  of  wit  miscarried,    Au  allusion  to  joust- 
ing.   See  All's  "Well  that  Ends  Well,  ii.  1. 
(2)  On  cross. 

When  other  lovers  In  arms  across* 
Rejoice  their  chief  delight. 

Surrey's  Complaint  of  Absence. 
ACROSTIC.     Crossed  on  the  breast. 

Agreed:  but  what  melancholy  sir,  with  acrostic 
arms,  now  comes  from  the  Family  ? 

Middleton's  Works,  ii.  179. 

ACROTCH.    To  take  up ;  to  seize.    Huloet. 
ACSEDE.    Asked.    (A.-S.) 

The  kyDg  Alesandre  acsecte 

Jlwan  «all  that  be.  Reliq.  Antiq.  i.  30. 


ACT.    To  behave ;  to  conduct.    Essex. 

ACTION.  Shakespeare  has  a  classical  allusion 
in  the  Merry  Wives  of  Windsor,  ii.  1,  applying 
this  name  Jo  a  cuckold.  The  commentators 
have  not  noticed  that  Blount  remarks  it  is  so 
used  "  in  a  waggish  sense." 

ACTE.  The  sea-shore ;  also,  the  elder  tree, 
Phillips. 

ACTILLY.    Actually.     Tim  BolMn. 

ACTIOUS.  .  Active. 

He  knows  you  to  be  eager  men,  martial  men,  men 
of  good  stomacks,  very  hot  shots,  very  actions  for 
valour,  such  as  scorn  to  shrink  for  a  wetting. 

Webster's  Works,  ii.  2£>G. 

ACTON.  A  leather  jacket  sometimes  worn 
under  a  coat  of  mail ;  a  kind  of  tunic.  See 
Acketoun. 

His  acton  it  was  all  of  blacke, 
His  hewberke  and  Mb  sheelde.          Sir  Cauline. 
To  Jerusalem  he  did  hym  Icde, 
His  actone  and  his  other  wede. 

Torrent  of  Portugal,  p.  96, 
ACTOURES.    Governors ;  keepers.    (Lat.Med.) 

See  glossary  to  Baber's  ed.  of  Wickliffe,  in  v. 
ACTRESSES.  In  explanation  of  numerous  pas- 
sages in  our  old  plays,  it  may  be  well  to  ob- 
serve that  actresses  were  not  generally  intro- 
duced into  English  theatres  till  after  the 
Restoration.  In  Shakespeare's  time  the  female 
characters  were  personated  by  boys.  There  is  a 
curious  letter  on  this  subject  in  MS.  Tanner  77. 
It  would  appear  from  the  following  anecdote, 
written  in  a  copy  of  the  Memoirs  of  the  Count 
de  Grammont,  that  this  practice  was  continued 
to  a  later  period : 

It  is  said  the  fleet  which  went  for  the  queen 
[of  Charles  II/J  stayed  six  weeks  at  Lisbon,  without 
any  reason  given.  Some  suppose  a  change  in  the 
queen's  person  was  the  cause;  to  which  William 
Davenant  alluded  when  the  king,  one  wight  at  the 
play,  was  impatient  to  have  theplay  begin,  —  "Sire," 
said  Davenant,  "  they  are  shaving  tha  Queen  i" 

ACTUATE.  To  put  into  action ;  to  produce.  See 
the  Roman  Actor,  iv.  2 ;  Florio,  in  v.  Att'udre, 
ACTURE.     Action. 

Love  made  them  not;  with  ncture  they  may  bo, 
Where  neither  party  is  nor  true  nor  kind 

A  Look's  Complaint  t  p.  240. 

ACUATE.    Sharpened.     (Lat.) 

Gryndyng  with  vynegar  tyll  I  was  fatygate, 
And  also  with  a  quantyte  of  spyces  acuate. 

Aahmole's  Tfieat.  Chem.  Brit*  p.  101. 

ACUMBRE.    To  encumber;  to  worry.   (A.-N.} 
And  but  thou  sone  amende  the, 
Tharfor  mayst  thou  acumbred  be. 

MS.  Sari.  1701,  f.  36. 
Gii  of  Warwike  mi  name  Is ; 
Ivel  ich  am  acitmbred  y-wis. 

6y  of  Warwike,  p.  217- 
ACUNTRED.    Encountered.    (A.-N.) 

So  kenli  thei  acuntred  at  the  coupyng  to-gadere, 
That  the  knijt  spere  in  speldes  al  to-schivered. 

William  and  the  Werwolf*  p.  J3Q. 

ACURE.    A  chemical  term,  applied  to  a  drug 
when  its  power  is  increased  by  the  addition  of 
some  other.    Kersey. 
ACURSEN.   To  curse    (A.-S.) 
Which  is  lif  that  cure  Lord 
In  alle  lawes  acurseth.     Pfcr*  Ploughman,  p.  375. 


ADA 


19 


ADA 


ACYCE.    Assize.    Ritson. 
A-CYDENANDYS.   Aside;  obliquely.  Prompt. 
Parv.  The  King's  College  MS.  reads  acydnande, 
and  Pynson's  edition  acydenam. 
A-CYNEN.    To  assign.    Prompt.  Parv. 
ACYSE.    Manner;  custom. 

An  halyday  fyl,  as  ys  the  ueyset 
Hen  to  go  to  Goddys  servyse. 

MS.  Sari.  1701,  f.  81. 
And  of  these  berdede  bukkes  also, 
Wyth  hemself  thy  moche  mysdo, 
That  leve  Crysten  mennys  acyse, 
And  haunte  al  the  newe  gyse. 

MS.  Bodl.  415,  f.  21. 

AD.    Hath. 

Lo,  hou  he  ad  me  to-rent, 
Mi  bodi  and  mi  face  i-schent. 

The  Sevyn  Sages,  489. 

ADACTED.    Driven  in  by  force.    Minsheu. 
ADAFFED.  Daunted.  Junius  refers  to  this  word 

in  Chaucer.    Urry  reads  adassid,  q.  v. 
ADAM.    (1)  The  following  is  one  of  the  most 
common  early  English  proverbs,  and  John  Ball 
took  it  as  a  text  for  one  of  his  revolutionary 
sermons.  See  Wright's  Songs  and  Carols,  songi. 
When  Adam  delv'd  and  Eve  span, 
Who  was  then  the  gentleman  ? 
(2)  A  serjeant,  or  "bailiff,  was  jocularly  so  called. 
See  the  Comedy  of  Errors,  iv.  3,  "  Not  that 
Adam  that  kept  the  paradise,  but  that  Adam 
that  keeps  the  prison." 

ADAM-AND-EVE.  The  bulbs  of  orchis  macu- 
lata,  which  have  a  fancied  resemblance  to  the 
human  figure.  Craven. 

ADAMANT.  The  magnet ;  the  loadstone.   Early 
writers  frequently  use  it  in  this  sense,  and  oc- 
casionally the  Latin  adamas  is  so  interpreted, 
but  not  in  Prompt.  Parv.  p.  6,  where  the  syno- 
nyme  is, "  precyowse  stone,"  meaning  of  course 
the  diamond.  Cf.  Mids.  Night's  Dream,  it  2. 
ADAMATE.    To  love  dearly.    Minsheu. 
ADAM-BELL.  A  northern  outlaw,  so  celebrated 
for  archery  that  his  name  became  proverbial 
Percy  has  a  ballad  concerning  him* 
With  Ioyne3  in  canvass  bow-case  tyde, 
Where  arrowes  stick  with  mickle  pride : 
Like  ghosts  of  Adam  Sell  and  Clymme, 
Sol  sets  for  fear  they'l  shoot  at  him. 

D'Avenant's  Works,  ed.  1673,  p.  291. 

ADAMITE  S.  A  sect  of  enthusiasts  who  are  said 
to  have  imitated  the  nakedness  of  Adam  in 
their  public  assemblies.  They  are  alluded  to 
in  the  Merry  Beggars,  ii.  1. 

ADAM'S-ALE.  Water.  Var.  dial  Jamieson 
gives  Adam's-wine,  a  similar  phrase  current  in 
Scotland. 

ADAM'S-APPLE.  A  kind  of  citron.  Gerard. 
The  nob  in  a  man's  throat  is  also  called  by 
this  name. 

ADAM'S-FLANNEL.  "White  mullein.  Ii  may 
have  obtained  this  name,  says  Carr,  from  the 
soft  white  hairs,  with  which  the  leaves  are 
thickly  clothed  on  both  sides.  Craven. 

AD  ANT.    Daunt;  quench;  mitigate. 
Ageyns  heom  thy  wraththe  <adantt 
Gef  heom  mercy  and  pes  heom  graunt. 

lisaunder,  2853, 


ADARNECH.     Colour  like  gold.    HowelL 
ADARNED.    Ashamed.     Coles. 
AD  ARRIS.    The  flower  of  sea-water.    Howetl. 
ADASE.    To  dazzle. 

My  clere  and  shynynge  eyen  were  all  adaaed  and 

derked.         Carton's  Divers  Fruytful  Ghostly  Maters. 

Theglittringthorof  wold  have  made  every  man's 

eyes  so  adased,  that  no  man  should  have  spied  his 

falshed,  and  fotinden  out  the  trouth. 

Sir  T.  More's  Workes,  p.  459. 

AD  AS  SID.    Dazzled;  put  out  of  countenance. 
Beth  not  adassid  for  your  innocence, 
But  sharpely  take  on  you  the  governaile. 

Chaucer,  ed.  Urry,  p.  106. 

ADAUDS.  In  pieces.  Yorfoh.  To  rive  all 
adauds,  i.e.  to  tear  all  in  pieces.  See  Kennett's 
MS,  Glossary,  the  glossary  at  the  end  of  The 
Praise  of  Yorkshire  Ale,  12mo,  York,  1697, 
p.  89,  and  the  Yorkshire  Dialogue,  p.  41. 
ADAUNT.  (1)  To  tame.  (A.-N.)  See  Rob. 
Glouc.  pp.  61,  372 ;  MS.  Cott  Nero  A.  x.  f.  41. 
His  flesshe  wolde  have  charged  him  with  fatnesse, 
but  that  the  wantonesse  of  his  wombe  with  travaile 
and  fastyng  he  adawnteth,  and  in  ridyng  and  goyng 
travayleth  myghteliche  his  youthe. 

Rob.  Ckuc.  p.  482. 
(2)  To  daunt.    Daniel 
ADAUNTRELEY.     Same  as  avauntlay,  q.  v. 

At  last  he  upstarted  at  the  other  side  of  the  water, 
which  we  call  soil  of  the  hart,  and  there  other  hunts- 
men met  him  with  an  adauntreky. 

Hawkins1  Engl.  Drzm.  iii.  230, 

AD  AW.    To  be  daunted.    Spenser. 
AD  AWE.     (1)  To  awake.    Palsgrave  has,  "I 
adawe  or  adawne,  as  the  daye  dothe  in  the 
mornynge  whan  the  sonne  draweth  towardes 
his  rysyng;"   and,   "I  adawe  one  out  of  a 
swounde."    Cf.  Troilus  and  Creseide,  iii.  1126. 
But,  sire,  a  man  that  waketh  of  his  slepe, 
He  may  not  sodenly  wel  taken  kepe 
Upon  a  thing,  ne  seen  it  parfitly, 
Til  that  hek  be  adawed  veraily. 

Chaucer,  Cant.  T.  10274. 
For  this  is  Spica  with  hire  bry3t  spere, 
That  toward "evene,  at  mydnyjt  and  at  morwe, 
Downe  J'ro  hevene  adaweth  al  oure  sorowe. 

Lydgate,  MS.  Hatton  73. 

(2)  Down.     The  MS.  Bodl.  415,  f.  26,  reads 
"  do  adawe,"  in  the  following  passage.    Cf. 
Cov.  Myst.  p.  294. 

Eutycyus  the  abbot,  hys  felawe, 
Herd  sey  hys  bere  was  so  adawe. 

MS.  Hart.  1701,  f.  27. 

(3)  To  kill ;  to  execute. 

Some  wolde  have  hym  adawe* 
And  some  sayde  it  was  not  lawe. 

Richard  Coer  de  Lion,  973. 

AD  AY.    In  the  daytime. 

For  what  thing  Willam  wan  aday  with  hia  bowe» 
Were  it  fethered  foul,  or  foure-foted  best. 

William  and  the  Werwolf,  p.  & 
AD  AYS.   A  shorter  form  of  the  common  phrase 
"  now-a-days."    East  Anglia,    In  the  follow- 
ing passage  it  probably  means  the  same  as 
aday,  q.  v. 

What  useth  the  eorl  adayes  9 
Hontes  he  ar  revayeg  ? 

MS.  Cattfab.  Ff.  1.  6,  f.  85. 

ADAZ.    An  addice.     Kennett's  MS.  Gloss. 


ADD 


20 


ADH 


ADDE.    Had. 

And  he  "byhet  hym  and  ys  al  Kent  ver  and  ner, 
Al  that  Hengyst  adde  wule  wythe  kynges  daye 
Vortyger.  Rob.  Glow.  p.  221. 

ADDEEM.     To  think ;  to  judge ;  to  determine. 
(A.-S.) 

And  for  revengement  of  those  wrongfull  smarts, 
Which  I  to  others  did  inflict  afore, 
Addeerrid  me'to  endure  this  penaunce  sore. 

Faerie  Qucene,  VI.  viii.  22. 
ADDER-BOLT.    The  dragon  fly.     Var.  dial. 
ADDER-SAY.    I  dare  say.     YorJcsh. 
ADDER'S-GRASS.    A  plant  mentioned  by  Ge- 
rard, of  which  the  generic  name  is  cynosorchfa 
See  his  Herball,  ed.  Johnson,  p.  205. 
ADDER'S-TONGUE.  A  description  of  this  com- 
mon plant  is  in  Gerard's  Herball,  ed,  Johnson, 
p.  404.  [Gerard. 

ADDER-WORT.     The   bistort  or  snake-weed. 
ADDICE.  (1)  An  addled  egg.    Huloet. 
(2)  An  adze  or  axe.    This  is  a  common  form 
of  the  word.     Nares  quotes  Lyly's  Mother 
Bombie. 
ADDICT.    Addicted. 

To  studies  good  addict  of  comely  grace. 

Mirrour  jor  Magistrates,  p.  173. 

ADDITION.  A  title  given  to  a  man  over  and 
above  his  first,  or  Christian,  and  surname, 
showing  his  rank,  occupation,  &c.  or  alluding 
to  some  exploit  or  achievement.  A  law  term, 
frequently  occurring  in  Shakespeare. 
ADDIWISSEN.  Had  I  known  it.  North.  An 
expression  neai'ly  obsolete,  though  still  retained 
by  some  old  persons.  See  Marshall's  Rural 
Economy  of  Yorkshire,  ii.  315.  It  seems  to  be 
merely  a  corruption  of  the  very  common  old 
method  of  expressing  repentance  for  any  hasty 
action,  had  I  wist,  had  I  known  the  conse- 
quences. The  following  extracts  give  forms 
of  the  phrase  very  close  to  the  provincial  term. 
This  dredfule  ded  I  drawe  me  tylle, 
Aod  alle  ys  tornyd  to  adywyst. 

MS.  Lincoln  A.  i.  17,  f.  51. 

AMitwst  yt  \vylle  not  bee.  Ibid.  f.  51, 

ADDLE.  (1)  To  earn.  North.  Forby  says  "to  earn, 

to  profit  gradually."  It  occurs  in  the  Townley 

Mysteries,  p.  195.    See  Adyld. 

With  goodmen's  hogs,  or  corn,  or  hay, 
I  addle  my  ninepence  every  day. 

Richard  of  Dalton  Dale. 

(2)  "  To  addle  his  shoon"  is  said  in  the  North  of 
a  horse  that  falls  upon  his  back,  and  rolls  from 
one  side  to  the  other.   In  the  South,  when  a 
horse  does  so,  he  is  said  to  "  earn  a  gallon  of 
oats." 

(3)  To  grow ;  to  thrive.    East. 

Where  ivye  embraseth  the  tree  very  sore, 
Kill  ivye,  or  tree  else  will  addle  no  more. 

Tussei-'s  Five  Hundred  Points,  1573,  f.  47, 

(4)  A  swelling  with  matter  in,  it.    Somerset. 

(5)  Labourer's  wages.     Yorlcsh. 
ADDLE-HEADED.    Stupid;  thoughtless.  Var. 

dial 

ADDLE-PATE.    A  foolish  person.    Kent. 

ADDLE-PLOT.  A  person  who  spoils  any  amuse- 
ment.   South. 


ADDLE-POOL.  A  pool  or  puddle,  near  a  dung' 

hill,  for  receiving  the  fluid  from  it.     South. 
ADDLINGS.     Earnings  from  labour.     Yorksh. 
ADDOLORATE.     To  grieve.     See  Florio,  in  v. 

Dolordre. 
ADDOUBED.    Armed;  accoutred.     (A.-N.) 

Was  hotter  than    ever  to  provide   hirnselfe  of 
horse  and  armour,  saying  he  would  go  to  the  island 
bravely  addoubed,  and  shew  himself  to  his  charge. 
Sidney's  Arcadia,  p.  277- 

ADDOULSE.     To  sweeten.    This  term  occurs 

in  the  dictionaries  of  Minsheu  and  Howell. 

See  Adulce. 
ADDRESS.    To  prepare  for  anything;  to  get 

ready.  (Fr.)  A  veiy  common  use  of  the  word 

in  our  old  dramatists. 
ADE.    To  cut  a  deep  gutter  across  ploughed 

land.     Salop. 

ADEC.    A  vinegar  milk.  Howett. 
ADECOUE.    On  oath.  Perhaps  an  error  of  the 

scribe  in  the  following  passage,  the  other  MSS. 

reading  a-vowe. 

By  a  token  thou  me  troue, 
I  breke  a  solem  adewue. 

Robson's  Romances,  p  8. 

ADELANTADO.     The  king's  lieutenant  of  a 
country,  or  deputy  in  any  important  place  of 
charge*.    Cf.  Middleton's  Works,  L  241 ;  Min- 
sheu, in  v.     It  is  a  Spanish  word. 
ADELE.    Added ;   annexed.     So  explained  in 
the  glossary  to  Urry7s  Chaucer.     It  should  be 
two  words,  a  dele,  a  portion. 
ADEMAND.    The  loadstone.    This  form  of  the 
.  word  occurs  in  Maundevile's  Travels,  p.  161. 
ADENT.    To  fasten.    Mim/ieu. 
ADENYD.    Dinned;  stunned. 
I  was  ttdenyd  of  that  dynt, 
Hit  stoned  me  and  mad  me  stont 
Sty]  out  of  my  Steven.        MS.  I)f>we  302,  f.  12. 
ADEPCION.    An  acquirement.     (Lat.) 

In  the  adaption  and  obteynyng  of  the  garland,  I 
being  seduced  and  provoked  by  sinister  counsail 
'and  diabolical  temptacion,  didcommytafacynorous 
and  detestable  acte.  Hall,  Richard  ///.  f.  30. 

ADEQUATE.  To  make  even  or  equal.  Minsheu. 
ADERCOP.    A  spider.   More  generally  written 
attercop,  q.  v.  Araneus,  an  adereop,  or  a  spyn- 
ner. — Staribrigii  Vocabula^  sig.  d.  ii.  Palsgrave 
has  addircop.    See  Prompt.  Parv.  p.  16. 
ADES.    An  addice.     Kennett. 
ADE  WEN.    To  moisten ;  to  bedew. 

Thy  gracious  shourys  lat  reyne  in.  habundaunee, 
Upon  myn  herte  t'adaioon  erery  veyne. 

Lydgate's  Minor  Poems,  p.  2fil. 
The  hie  hevynes  doth  your  grace  ndeioc. 

MS.  Anhmole.  50,  f.  J?4. 

ADGE.    An  addice.    North. 

ADHIB.    A  name  given  to  the  herb  eyebright. 

in  Dr.  Thomas  More's  MS.  additions  to  Hay, 
ADHIBITE.  To  admit.  In  the  following  example 
it  perhaps  ought  to  be  adhibited.  Cf.  Rhomeo 
and  Julietta,  ap.  Collier's  Shak.  Lib.  p.  89. 

To  which  counsaill  there  were  adhitiiteveryfevfe, 
and  they  very  secrete.  Hallt  Edward  V.  f.  13, 

ADHORT.    To  advise ;  to  exhort. 

Julius  Agricola  was  the  first  that  by  adhortittg 
the  Britaines  publikely,  and  helping  them  privately, 
wun  them  to  builde  houses  for  themselves. 

Stotv't  Murvay  t>f  tendon,  ed.  150B>  p.  4. 


ADM 


21 


ADO 


AD1HTETH.    Adihteth  him,  Le.  fits  himself 
with. 
Adihteth  him  a  gay  wenche  of  the  newe  jet. 

Wright* s  Political  Songs,  p.  329. 

AD  IN.    Within.     Sussex. 
ADIR.    Either. 

It  is  agreid  that  the  said  Thomas  Wrangwysh  and 

William  Welles  shalbe  eaptens  of  the  soghers  for  the 

said  cite,  and  that  adir  of  them  shall  have  iiij.  so.  of 

the  day.  Lavies's  York  Records,  p.  155. 

ADIT.    A  sough  or  level  in  a  mine,  generally 

made  for  drawing  off  water.     Derbysh. 
ADJOYNATE.    Joined. 

Two  semely  princes,  together  adjoynate, 

In  all  the  world  was  none  theim  like  alowed. 

Hardyng's  Chronicle)  f.  154. 

AD  JOYNAUNTE  S.  Those  who  are  contiguous. 
The  adjective  adjoynaunte  occurs  in  the  Dial, 
of  Great.  Moral,  p.  192. 

Sought  and  practised  waies  and  meanes  how  tojoine 
himself  with  forein  princes,  and  to  greve  and  hurte 
his  neighbors  and  adjoynauntes  of  the  realme  of 
England.  Hall,  Henry  VI.  f.  53. 

AD JOYNT.  A  person  joined  with  another ;  a 
companion,  or  attendant.  See  Daniel's  Civ. 
Wars,  iv.  69,  quoted  hy  Nares. 

ADJUMENT.    Help;  succour.     Miege. 

ADJUNCT.  United  with ;  immediately  conse- 
quent. See  King  John,  iii.  3,  and  Richardson, 
in  v.  Adjoin. 

ADJUTE.  To  assist ;  to  help.  See  Ben  Jonson, 
as  quoted  by  Richardson,  in.v. 

ADJUTORIES.    The  arm  bones.    Vlgo  tr. 

ADJUVANT.  Assisting,  See  Aubrey's  Wilts, 
Royal  Soc.  MS.  p.  109,  for  an  instance  of  the 
word,  the  same  with  that  taken  by  Richardson 
from  Howell,  Diet,  in  v.  Adjute. 

ADLANDS.  Those  butts  in  a  ploughed  field 
which  lie  at  right  angles  to  the  general  di- 
rection of  the  others ;  the  part  close  against 
the  hedges.  Salop.  [Headlands  ?] 

ADLE.  (1)  Unsound ;  unwell.    East. 

(2)  To  addle;  to  earn.  Skinner  and  Kennett 
give  this  as  a  Lincolnshire  form  of  the  word. 

ADMERALLYS.     Commanders.    See  Admiral 
He  sende  aftur  lordyngys, 
Fyftene  admerallys  and  kyngys, 
And  armyd  them  to  fyg^t. 

MS.  Cantab.  Ff.  ii.  38,  f.  123. 

ADMIRABLIST.  Most  admirable.  Accented 
on  the  antepenult.  Yorksh. 

ADMIRAL.  This  word,  which  the  reader  will 
find  under  other  forms,  did  not  always  imply 
its  present  acceptation,  but  a  Saracen  com- 
mander, sometimes  a  king.  According  to 
Kennett,  the  term  admiral  was  not  introduced 
before  the  latter  end  of  the  reign  of  Edward  I. 
See  his  Glossary,  1816,  in  v.  Marinarius  ;  and 
Admyrold  /  Richard  Coer  de  Lion,  5042; 
Maundevile's  Travels,  p.  38.  Robert  of  Glou- 
cester has  the  form  amrayl.  See  Hearne's 
Gloss,  in  v.  According  to  some,  the  word  was 
obtained  in  the  wars  with  the  Saracens  of 
Spain,  from  Emir-alma,  or  emir  of  the  water, 
which""  readily  resolves  itself  into  the  other 
word.  See  Warton's  Hist.  Engi  Poet.  Introd. 
p.  cxcv. 


ADMIRATIYE.  Minsheu  calls  the  note  of  ad- 
miration,  the  admiratwe  point. 

ADMISSION.  An  admission,  as  when  a  prince 
doth  avow  another  prince  to  be  under  his  pro- 
tection. Hollyland. 

ADMITTANCE.  In  general  the  same  as  ad- 
mission, but  used  by  Shakespeare  in  the  sense 
of  custom,  privilege,  or  prerogative  of  being 
admitted  into  the  presence  of  great  personages, 
Ford  tells  Falstaff  he  is  a  gentleman  "of  great 
admittance"  See  the  Merry  "Wives  of  "Windsor, 
ii.  2. 

ADMONISHMENT.    Admonition.    Shak 

ADMOVE.    To  move  to.    (Lat.) 

ADMYROLD.    A  Saracen  commander,  or  king. 

Tho  spec  on  admyrold, 

Of  wordes  he  wes  swythe  bold.      Kyng  Horn,  95. 
ADNOTE.     To  note ;  to  observe.     (Lat.) 
Jn  this  mateir  to  bee  adnoted, 
What  evyl  counseU  withe  pryncys  maye  induce. 
£rit.  Sibl.  iv.  204. 

ADNUL.    To  annul. 

Shal  uttirly  stonde  voide  and  adnuHid,  accordyng 
to  the  olde  custume  therof  hadde  and  made. 

MS,  Bodl.  6  Mus.  229. 

ADNYCHELL.  To  annihilate.  See  an  instance 
of  this  form  of  the  word  in  Skeltonrs  Works, 
i.  202. 

ADO.     (1)    Done ;  finished.    Somersetsh. 
(2)  To  do. 

I  wol  that  thei  togithir  go, 
And  done  al  that  thei  ban  ado. 

Romaunt  of  the  Roset  5080. 
ADON.  (1)   Adonis.     Cf.  Troilus  and  Creseide, 
iii.  722. 

For  thilke  love  thou  haddest  to  Jdon, 
Have  pitee  on  my  bitter  teres  smert. 

Chaucer,  Cant.  T.  2226. 

(2)  Done  away.     Cf.  Morte  d' Arthur,  ii.  29. 
And  what  with  Venus,  and  othir  oppression 
Of  housis,  Mars  his  \enime  is  adon 

Leg.  ofJfi/peiinn.  32. 

ADONNET.     A  devil.    North.    In  Yorkshire 
one  sometimes  hears  the  saying,  "Better  be 
in  with  that  adonnet  than  out," 
ADOORS.    At  doors ;  at  the  door. 

But  when  he  sawe  her  goe  forth  adores,  he  hasted 
after  into  the  streate.  Riche's  Farewell,  1581. 

But  what,  sir,  I  beseech  ye,  was  that  paper, 
Your  lordship  was  so  studiously  imployed  in, 
When  ye  came  out  a-doors  ? 

Woman  Pleased,  ir.  1. 

ADOPTIOUS.  Adopted.  See  AH's  Well  that 
Ends  Well,  i.  1.  The  commentators  do  not 
furnish  another  instance  of  the  word. 

ADORAT.    A  chemical  weight  of  four  pounds. 


ADORE.    To  adorn.     See  the  Faerie  Queene, 
IV.  xi.  46 ;  Beaumont  and  Fletcher,  quoted  by 
Nares  in  v. 
ADORNE.  (1)  To  adore. 

The  sonne,  the  moone,  Jubiter  and  Saturne, 
And  Mars  the  God  of  armes  they  dyd  adorne. 

Hardyng'a  Chronicie,  f.  56 
(2)  Adorning;  ornament.    Spenser. 
ADOTB.    To  doat ;  to  grow  silly. 


ADR 

It  falleth  that  the  moste  wise 
Ben  otherwhile  of  love  adotid, 
And  so  by-whaped  and  assotid. 

Goiuer,  MS.  Sac.  Antiq.  134,  f.  177. 

ADOUNE.    Below;  down.   (A.-S.) 

So  lette  thy  grace  to  me  discende  adoune, 

Lydgate,  MS.  Ashrr.ole  39,  f.  27. 
And  when  the  gospel  ys  y-done, 
Ajayn  thou  myjth  kuele  adown . 

Constitutions  of  Masonry,  p.  35. 
ADOUTED.    Feared ;  redoubted.    (A.-N.)    Cf. 
Morte  d'Arthur,  ii.  69. 

He  was  corajous  and  gode  knight, 
And  michel  adouted  in  evericli  fight. 

Gy  of  WarwiJte,  p.  120. 

ADOYNGE.    Going  on. 

Alle  the  whyle  the  turnement  was  adoynge,  she  was 
with  Quene  Guenever,  and  ever  the  Quene  asked  her 
for  what  cause  she  came  into  that  countrey. 

Morte  d' Arthur,  i.  361. 

ADPOYNTE.    To  appoint.    See  Wright's  Mo- 
nastic Letters,  p.  194. 
ADRAD.    Afraid;  frightened.     (A.-S.) 
The  lady  wase  nevyr  so  adrad, 
Into  the  hale  sche  hym  lad. 

Torrent  of  Portugal,  p.  13, 

ADRAMING.    Churlish,    Kersey. 
A-DRAWE.  (1)  To  draw  away ;  to  withdraw. 
Awey  fro  hem  he  wold  a-drawe, 
Yf  that  he  myght.  Octovian,  357. 

(2)  To  draw.  In  the  Dorset  dialect  we  have 
a-draen,  drawing. 

The  jeant,  tho  he  sey  hym  come,  bygan  ys  mace 
adrawe.  Rob.  Glouc.  p.  207. 

ADREAMT.  Dosing.  This  is  the  provincial  mean- 
ing of  the  word  in  Oxfordshire,  and  probably 
other  counties.  "  You  see,  ma'am,  all  this 
time  she  is  adreamt,  between  sleeping  arid 
waking,"  applied  to  an  infant.  The  phrase  "  I 
was  adream'd,"  for  "  I  dreamt,"  occurs  in  the 
City  Night-Cap,  act  iv.  Cf.  Webster's  Works, 
i.  139. 

I  was  even  now  adream'd  that  you  could  see  with 
either  of  your  eyes,  in  so  much  as  I  waked  for  joy, 
and  I  hope  to  find  it  true. 

Wits,  Fittes,  and  Fancies,  1595,  p.  94. 
ADREDE.    To  dread. 

So  mighti  strokes  ther  wer  given, 
That  strong  schaftes  al  to- driven  ; 
No  was  ther  non  in  that  ferrede, 
That  of  his  liif  him  might  adrede. 

Gy  of  Warwilce,  p.  47. 
Ganirrdin  seighe  that  sight, 
And  sore  him  gan  adrede.    Sir  Triatrem,  p.  288. 
ADRELWURT.   The  herb  federfew.  This  name 
occurs  in  an  early  list  of  plants,  in  MS.  Harl. 
978. 

ADRENCHEN.    To  drown.  (A.-S.) 
The  see  the  shal  adrenche, 
Ne  shal  hit  us  of-thenche.         Kyng  Horn,  109. 

ADRENT.     Drowned.     See  Rob.  Glouc.  pp. 

Ixxxiv.  39,  384. 

^DRESSID.    Dressed;  clothed. 
Of  vayne  glorye  excuse  me, 
That  y  ne  have  for  love  be 
The  bettre  adressid  and  arayed. 

Go  wer,  MS.  Sue.  Antiq.  134,  f.  56. 
How  here  jelow  hcer  was  tressid. 
And  hire  atire  so  wel  adressid.      Ibid.  f.  225. 

AD  RE  ST.   Dressed ;  adorned.    Somersetsh. 


2  ADU 

ADREYNTE.  Drowned.  Cf.  Sevyn  Sages,  1486; 
Piers  Ploughman,  p.  198  ;  Gesta  Romanomm, 
p.  104 ;  Reliq.  Antiq.  ii.  229  ;  Minot's  Poems 
pp.  58,  60,  62. 

So  that  he  gan  to  swymme  forth, 

Over  for  to  wende; 
Ac  his  mester  so  evele  he  couthe, 
That  he  adreynte  atte  ende. 

MS.  Coif.  Trin.  Oxon.  5?. 

ADRIANS.    Ariadne. 

The  plaint  of  Dejanire  and  Hermion, 
Of  Adriane  and  Ysiphilee. 

Chaucer,  Cant.  T.  4487. 

ADRIHE.  Aside;  behind.  See  Jamieson,  in 
v.  Adreich. 

The  kyngis  doujter  whiche  this  syje, 
For  pure  abaschement  drow  hire  adrihe. 

Cower,  MS.  Sue.  Antiq.  134,  f.  112. 
The  kyngys  doujter  woche  this  syjt, 
For  pure  abasschyde  drow  hyre  adry$t. 

Ibid.  MS.  Cantab.  Ff.  i.  6,  f.  G. 

A-DRINK.  Drunk.  See  the  example  quoted 
under  Amorwe. 

A-DROGH.  Drew  away.  See  the  Herald's  Col- 
lege MS.  of  Robert  of  Gloucester,  quoted  in 
Hearne's  edition,  p.  241. 

ADRONQUE.  Drowned.   Cf.  Rob.  Glouc.  p.  430. 

Tho  fond  hue  hire  sonde 

Adronque  by  the  strondc.  Kyng  Horn,  988. 

ADROP.  A  species  of  aurichalc,  mentioned  by 
Ben  Jonson,  in  the  Alchemist,  ii.  1.  Ashmole 
alludes  to  it  in  his  Theat.  Cheni,  Brit.  pp.  135, 
151,  333. 

A-DROWE.    Drew.    Cf.  Rob.  Glouc.  p.  307. 
Hure  swerdes  than  thay  a-drotcef 
That  wern  scharp  y-grounde. 

Mft.  Aahmote  33,  f.  30 

ADROWED.    Dried.    Devon. 
ADRY.    Thirsty.     Var.  dial. 
A-DRYE.    To  bear ;  to  suffer.  (A.-S.) 

In  alle  thys  londe  ther  ys  not  soche  a  knyjt, 

Were  he  never  so  welle  y-dyjt, 

That  hys  stroke  myjt  a-dryst 

But  he  sehulde  hyt  sore  abyc. 

MS.  Cantab.  Ff.  ii.  30,  f.  218. 

ADULABLE.    Easy  to  be  flattered.    Minsheu. 

ADULCE.    To  sweeten.  (Lai.) 

Not  knowing  this,  that  Jove  decrees 
Some  mirth,  t'adutce  man'a  miseries. 

Mcrr'teWs  Work*,  ii.  47, 

ADULTERATE.  Adulterous;  false.  Often  used 
in  the  latter  general  seme,  without  any  refer- 
ence to  adultery.  Cf.  Richard  III,  iv.  4 ;  Co- 
medy  of  Errors,  ii.  2  ;  Beaumont  and  Fletcher, 
iv.  240 ;  Rider's  Diet,  in  v.  Adulterine  for 
adulterous  occurs  in  the  Mirour  for  Magis- 
trates, p.  85. 

ADUN.      Down.     Cf.  Wright's  St.   Patrick's 
Purgatory,  p.  55. 
Sleilich  is  this  vers  I-seid, 
Hit  wer  harme  adun  i-lelid.      Reliq.  Antiq,  il,  I?& 

ADUNATION.    Union.     Taylor. 

ADUNCITY.    Crookedness.    Miter. 

ADURE.    To  burn.    Bacon. 

ADUSTON.  Adustion.  This  form  of  the  word 
occurs  in  Greene's  Planetomachia,  1585,  f.  11. 

ADUTANTE.    Fine? 

With  ther  coppentante 

They  loke  tulutante.      Skcttm'*  Work**  ii.  429. 


ADY 


23 


AER 


ADVANCE.    To  grace  ;  to  give  a  lustre  to.   See 

Timon  of  Athens,  i.  2. 

ADVANCERS.  The  second  branches  of  a  back's 
horn.  See  the  Lexicon  Tetraglotton  of  Howell, 
and  Avanters. 
ADVAUNT,    Ahoast. 

And  if  ye  wyn,  make  none  advaunt, 
For  you  are  sure  of  one  yll  strvaunte. 

Playe  cail&d  the  four 6  PP. 
ADVAUNTOUR.    A  boaster.     Palsgrave. 
ADVAYLE.    Profit ;  advantage. 
In  any  wise  to  do, 
For  lucre  or  advayls, 
Ageynst  thyr  kyng  to  rayle. 

Skelton'3  Works,  ii.  432. 

ADVENTAYLE.  The  open  and  moveahle  por- 
tion of  the  helmet  which  covered  the  mouth, 
for  the  purpose  of  respiration. 

Hys  aduentayle  he  gau  unlace, 
Hys  hed  he  srnoot  of  yn  the  place.  Ottoman,  1153, 
ADVERE.    To  turn  to. 

And  doo  then  accompte  their  good  service  had 
clerelyoutof  rememberaunce,  whiche  stirreth  theym 
and  others,  fordrede  and  their  awne  securities,  to  ad.net  e 
in  maner  in  way  of  allegiaunce  to  th  Erie  of  Kyldare, 
omytting  wele  nigh  their  hole  duetie  to  the  Kingis 
Highnes.  State  Papers,  ii,  ItjQ. 

ADVERSACYON.    Contention. 
Desyringe  so  a  castell  in  to  dwell, 
Hyra  and  his  men  to  kepe  frome  all  advertacyon. 

Hardyng^  Chronicle,  f.  55. 
ADVERSE.     Be  unpropitious. 

And  seeyde  how  that  was  a  presage, 
Touchende  unto  that  other  Perse, 
Of  that  fortune  him  schulde  adverse. 

Gower,  MS.  Sac.  Antiq.  134,  f.  73. 
ADVERSER.    An  adversary. 

Myn  aduerws  and  false  wytnes  berars  agaynste 
me  say  that  they  hard  Prate  saye  that  1  shuld  call 
my  very  god  lorde  Chauncellour  knave, 

Archavlogla,  xxiii.  46. 
ADVERSION.    Attention. 

The  soul  bestoweth  her  adversion 
On  something  else.    Move's  Phil,  Poems,  p.  204. 
ADVERTACYONNE.     Information. 

Of  your  good  herts  I  have  advertucyonne., 
Where  thorow  in  sowle  holl  made  $e  be. 

fiigbu  Mysteiies,  p.  106. 

ADVERTASH'D.    Advertised.     Norlh. 

ADVERTENCE.     Attention. 

Although  the  body  sat  emong  hem  there, 
Her  advertence  is  alwaie  ellis-where. 

Troilvs  and  Creseide,  iv.  698. 

ADVERTISEMENT.  Admonition.  This  is  the 
original  meaning  of  the  word  in  prefatory  no- 
tices. Cf.  Much  Ado  about  Nothing,  v.  1 ; 
Harrington's  Nug.  Antiq.  i.  46. 

AD  VEST.  To  put  a  person  in  possession.  See 
Cotgrave,  in  v.  ddheriter,  Advestir. 

ADVISEMENT.     Consideration. 

Thereto,  if  you  respect  their  position,  they  are 
situat  in  maner  of  a  circle  or  ring,  having  an  huge 
lake  or  portion  of  the  sea  in  the  rniddest  of  them, 
which  is  not  without  perill  to  such  as  with  small 
advisement  enter  into  the  same. 

Harrison's  Description  of  Britaine  t  p   33. 

ABVITE.    Adult.     (Lat.) 

Fyrste  such  persones,  beyng  nowe  advite,  that  is 
to  saye,  passed  their  chyldehoode,  as  we!  in  rnaners 
as  in  yeres  ST*/*  Thus-  ElyoSs  Gvwrn/w,  p.  85. 


ADVOCACIES.    Lawsuits.     (J.-Ar.) 

n«  ye  nut  ware  how  that  f,ilse  Poliphete 
Is  now  about  eftsonis  for  to  plete, 
And  briagin  on  you  advocacies  new? 

Troilus  and  Creseide,  ii.  1469, 

ADVOCAS.     Lawyers ;  advocates. 

As  shameful  deth  as  herte  can  devise, 
Come  to  thise  juges  and  hir  advocas. 

Chaucer,  Cant.  T.  12225, 

ADVOCATION.    Pleading.    Shak. 

ADVOCATRICE.    A  female  advocate,    fflyot. 

AD  VOID.  To  avoid ;  to  leave ;  to  quit.  "  Void 
the  bar"  is  a  phrase  still  used  hy  the  crier  at 
the  courts  in  "Westminster  Hall.  Cf.  Wright's 
Monastic  Letters,  p.  198 ;  Hall,  Henry  IV.  f. 
27 ;  Supp.  to  Hardyng,  f.  83. 

AD  VOUCH,    To  avouch. 

Yet  because  it  hath  beene  by  us  experimented, 
and  found  out  to  be  true,  we  maie  the  better  advouch 
it,  Stanikurtf*  ]>e»cr%ptiw  of  Ireland)  p.  30» 

ADVOWE.  To  avow;  to  plead.  See  Palsgrave, 
f.  138.  S 

So  that  I  maie  saie  and  advoiue  that  never  prince 
bearyng  scepter  and  croiine  over  realrnes  and  re- 
gions,  hath  found  or  proved  more  faithfuller  coun- 
sailer s}  HOT  trewer  subjectes,  then  I. 

Hall,  Edward  TV.  f.  GO. 

ADVOWTRY.  Adultery.  Cf.  Cov.  Myst.  p.  216 ; 
Hardyng,  f.  194 ;  Supp.  to  Hardyng,  f.  67 ; 
Percy's  Reliques,  p.  120 ;  Apolog}'  for  the  Lol- 
lards, p.  78;  Rom.  of  the  Rose,  4954. 

We  giffe  nojte  oure  boclyse  to  lecherye ;  we  do 
nane  advowfyye,  ne  we  do  na  synne  wharefore  us 
sulde  nede  to  do  penaunce. 

MS.  Lincoln  A.  i.  17,  f.33, 
ADVYSYON.    A  vision  5  a  dream. 

O  good  knyghte,  sayd  he,  thow  arte  a  foole,  for  that 
gentii\v,oman  was  the  maister  fende  of  helle,  the 
whiche  hath  power  above  alle  devyls,  and  that  was 
the  old  lady  that  thow  sawest  an  tliyn  aduj/won 
rydynge  on  the  serpent.  Marte  d* Arthur,  ii.  245. 
AD  WARD.  Award;  judgment;  sentence.  Spenser. 

This  poet  also  uses  it  as  a  verb. 
ADWAYTHE.    To  wait  for.   This  peculiar  form 
occurs  in  Wright's  Monastic  Letters,  p.  202. 
ADYGHT.    Dressed ;  adorned.       (4.-S.) 
The  terys  ranne  on  the  kingis  kne, 
For  joye  that  he  sawe  Bors  adygfd. 

MS.  Harl.  2252,  f.  105. 

ADYLD.    Addled ;  earned. 

He  has  adyld  his  ded,  a  kyng  he  hym  calde. 

Towneley  Mysteries,  p.  195. 

ADYT.    The  innermost  part  of  a  temple ;  the 

place  where  the  oracles  were  pronounced. 

Behold,  amidst  the  adyts  of  oftr  gods. 

Greene's  Works,  1*  114. 
ADYTE.     To  indite ;  to  write. 

Kyng  Rychard  dede  a  lettre  wryte, 
A  noble  clerk,  it  gan  adytef 
And  wade  theriune  mcnsyoun, 
More  and  lesse,  of  the  raunsoun. 

Richard  Coer  de  Lion,  1174, 

ADZE.    An  addice.     Minsheu. 

AE.    One ;  one  of  several ;  each.    North. 

AER.     Au  ear.    East. 

AE  REM AN C£,     Divination  "by  the  air. 

He  tcmpteth  ofte,  and  eek  also* 

At-rfiniuniv  in  juggement. 

G<>wert  MS.  Sac    Anti^  134,  £. 


AFE 


24 


AFF 


-cESTIVE.     Summer. 

I  must  also  shew  how  they  ate  likewise  iugendered 
out  of  the  dust  of  the  earth  by  warme,  active,  and 
summer  shewers,  whose  life  is  short,  and  there  is  no 
use  of  them.  TopselVs  Bistort/  of  Serpents,  p.  178' 

AEWAAS.  Always.  North. 
AEY.  (1)  Yes.  Far.  dial  • 
(2)  Always ;  ever. 

Off  lewtyng,  welle  y  wote, 

He  bare  the  pryes  aey.  MS.  Cantab.  Ff.  i.  6,  f.80. 
AF.     Of. 

Fore  as  posseb:!  fore  soth  hit  is, 
With  a  tere  <z/thyn  ye.      MS.  Douce  302,  f.  19. 
AFAITEN.    To  tame.  (A.-N.} 

It  afaiteth  the  flessh 

Fram  folies  ful  manye.     Piers  Ploughman,  p.  291. 
A-FALLE.    Fallen.     Cf.  Reliq.  Antiq.  ii.  272 ; 
Gesta  Romanorum,  p.  472. 

Lordynges,  wel  56  wyteth  alle, 

How  Charles  the  kyng  of  Fraunce 
Now  is  oppon  my  lend  a-falle, 
'          With  pride  and  gret  bobaunce. 

MS,  AshmnlQ  33,  f.  20. 

AFARE.     Affairs;  business.    Skinner. 
AFARNE.    Afar  off;  at  a  distance. 
Al  thay  wald  wiht  hym  afame. 

Guy  of  Warwick,  Middlehill  MS. 
AFATEMENT.       Behaviour;    good    manners. 

(A.-K.} 

Theo  thridde  him  taughte  to  play  at  bal  j 
Theo  feorthe  afatement  in  halle. 

Kyng  Jllisaunder,  661. 

AFAUNCE.     Weher  conjectures  this  word  to 
mean  affiance.  The  Bodl.  MS.  reads  avaunce. 
By  anothir  mon  thou  knowest  afaunce, 
And  by  the  steorres  telle  his  chaunce. 

Kyng  Alisaundtr,  732. 

A-FAYLE.    To  fail ;  to  he  wanting. 

Two  hmidurd  knyghtys  take  the 
The  Lerons  boldely  to  assayle ; 
Loke  yowre  hertys  not  a-fayle. 

MS.  Cantab.  Ff.  ii.  38,  f.  178. 

AFAYTY.    To  tame ;  to  subdue.  (A.-N.) 

As  sone  as  somer  come,  to  Yrlond  he  gan  wende, 
Vor  to  afayty  that  lond,  and  to  wynne  ech  eade. 

Rob.  Glouc.  p.  179. 

AFEARD.     Afraid.     Var.  dial    This  form  of 
the  word  is  a  common  archaism.    See  Merch. 
of  Venice,  ii.  9. 
AFEDE.    To  feed,     Chaucer. 
AFEFED.    Feofed ;  gave  fiefs, 

Thei  lete  make  a  guode  abbey, 
And  well  yt  afefed  tho. 

J[mis  and  Amiloun,  2486. 
AFELD.  (i;  In  the  field. 

This  brethren  wendeth  afeld 

To  witen  here  fe ; 
Ac  Josep  levede  at  horn, 

That  hende  was  and  fre.  MS.  Bodl*  652,  f.  2. 
Ant  hou  he  sloh  afelde 
Him  that  is  fader  aquelde.        Kyng  Horn,  997. 

(2)  Felled;  destroyed.  (A.-S.) 

That  lond  destrud  and  men  aqueld, 
And  Cristendom  thai  nan  michel  afeld. 

Gy  of  WarwiJce,  p.  96. 

AFELLE.    To  fell ;  to  cut  down.    (A.-S.) 

The  kyng  dude  onon  afelJe 
Many  thousande  okes,  ich  telle. 

Kyng  jUisaunder,  5240, 

AFENCE.    Offence.    Prompt.  Parv. 


AFEND.    To  offend, 

Thi  God  thou  schalt  nojt  afend, 
Eot  bryng  thiselfe  to  good  end. 

MS.  Douce  302,  f.  2. 
AFENGE.     Received.     (A.-S.) 
Seinte  Martha  guod  was, 

As  56  hereth  of  telle, 
Hy  afenge  oure  Lord  in  here  hous, 
As  it  seith  in  the  gospelle. 

MS.  Coll.  Trin.  Qxon.  57. 

AFEORMED.     Confirmed ;  made  fast.    (A.-N.} 
Have  who  so  the  maistry  mny, 
Jfeormed  faste  is  this  deray. 

Kyng  dlisaunder,  7356. 
AFER.    A  horse.    Northumfi. 
AFERD.     Instructed.     (A.-N.} 

And  hoteth  him  sende,  fer  and  nere, 

To  his  justices  lettres  hard, 

That  the  contrais  beo  aferd 

To  frusche  the  gadelyng,  and  to  bete, 

And  none  of  heom  on  lyve  lete. 

JKyng  Jlisatinder,  "IBIS. 

AFERE.  (1)  Afraid.    As  Tyrwhitt  does  not  ex- 
plain this  word,  I  give  the  French  original  of 
the  passage  in  which  it  occurs. 
Mine  hert  for  ire  goich  afvre, 
That  I  let  any  entre  hero. 

!  Romaitnt  of  the  Rose,  4073, 

Trop  yre"  suis  au  eueur  du  vcntre, 
Quant  oncques  nul  y  mist  le  pie. 

Le  Roman  de?  ?a  Rose>  3827, 
(2)  To  make  afraid.  (A.-S.) 

Ye  have  with  yow  good  engynes, 
Swilke  knowe  but  few  Sarezyncs; 
A  mangenel  thou  doo  arere, 
And  soo  thou  schalt  hem  wel  fifere. 

Richard  Coer  dc  Lion,  4104. 
AFERID.    Afraid.  (A.-S.) 

Ha  I  cowarde  herte  of  love  unleridi 
Whereof  arte  thou  so  sore  a/end. 

Cower,  MS.  Sw.  dntiq.  134,  f.  107- 

AFERRE.    Afraid.     (A.-S.) 

jytte  sche  that  is  afen-e  lette  her  flee. 

Ritwn's  student  Sangf,  p.  77- 
AFERT.    Afraid.     (A.-S.) 

So  gryslich  thei  were  wrought, 

Uche  of  hem  a  swerd  brought, 

And  mad  hire  afert  so  sore. 

The  Kyng  of  Tars,  411. 

A-FETID.  This  term  is  applied  to-  deer  in  the 
following  passage,  and  apparently  means  well  or 
Ml  shaped.  (^.-JVl) 

And  wel  a-fetid  is  whanne  tho  bed  is  wel  woxen  by 
ordynaunce  after  the  hJghte  and  the  schap,  whan 
the  tyndes  be  wel  growc  yn  the  bcem  by  good  me- 
sure.  MS.  M/.  546". 

AFFADIL.  A  daffofliL  A  common  old  form  of 
the  word,  found  in  Palsgrave,  Minsheu,  Florio, 
and  Cotgrave.  "  Flour  of  offadUle"  is  recom- 
mended in  a  receipt  to  cure  madness,  in  an  old 
medical  MS.  in  Lincoln  Cathedral,  f.  282.  See 
also  Archaeologia,  xxx.  3-82. 

AFFAIED.  Afraid ;  affrighted ;  affected.  Zan#- 
toft. 

AFFAIES.    Burdens.     Langtoft. 

AJTAINED.    Feigned.    Mall. 

AFFAMISH.    To  famish  with  hunger.    Spenter. 

AFFAYTED.  Prepared:  instructed:  tamed, 
(A.-N.) 


AEF 


25 


AFF 


He  hadde  a  clergon  yonge  of  age, 
Whom  he  hath  in  his  chamber  ajfaited. 

Gower,  ed.  1532,  f.  43 
His  cookes  ben  for  hym  qff&yted, 
So  that  his  body  is  awayted.  Jbid.  f.  130. 

The  jonge  whelpe  whiche  is  a-ffayted, 
Hath  not  his  mayster  better  awayted 
To  couche,  whanne  he  sayeth,  "  Goo  lowe  !'* 

Gower,  MS,  Sac.  Antiq.  134,  f.  46. 
And  eche  of  hem  his  tale  qffayteth 
Alle  to  deceyve  an  innocent. 

Ibid.  f.  64. 
AFFE.    Have. 

That  mester  ajffe  to  wynne  theem  mede. 

Ritson's  Ancient  Songs,  i.  47. 

AFFEARED.    Afraid.    Shale.     Few  provincial 

words  are  more  common. 
AFFECT.  (1)  To  love.    This  word  is  used  both 

as  a  substantive  and  a  verb. 

True  worth  moves  few  :  but  sure  I  am,  not  many 

Have  for  bare  vertues  sake  affected  any. 

Wither'*  Abuses,  p.  34. 

(2)  A  property  of  the  mind. 

Yea,  they  were  utterlie  void  of  that  effect*  which 
is  naturallie  ingrafTed  in  man,  which  is  to  be  pitti- 
full  to  the  humble  and  prostrate,  and  to  resist  the 
proud  and  obstinat.  Holinihed,  Hist,  of  Ireland,  p.  55. 

AFFECTATED.  Affected.  "  A  stile  or  oration 
to  much  ajfectated  wyth  strange  words." 
Baret. 

AFFECTATION.  A  curious  desire  of  a  thing 
which  nature  hath  not  given.  Rider, 

AFFKCTEOUSLY.  Affectionately.  See  Af- 
fectuousty. 

After  hys  death,  his  life  again  was  daily  wisshed, 
and  affecteously  emong  his  subjectes  desyred,  but 
wishyng  served  ^not,  nor  yet  their  desyre  tooke 
none  effecte,  ""  Hall,  Edward  17.  f.  61. 

AFFECTION.  (1)  Affectation.    ShaJc. 

(2)  Sympathy.  -See  a  curious  passage  in  the 
Merch.  of  Venice,  iv.  1,  and  the  notes  of  the 
commentators.  Parson  Hugh,  Merry  Wives 
of  Windsor,  i.  1,  makes  a  verb  of  it,  to  love. 

AFFECTIONATED.  Attached.  SeetheCobler 
of  Canterburie,  1608,  sig.  E.  iii. 

And  albeit  he  trusted  the  Englishmen  well 
inough,  yet  being  borne  on  the  other  side  of  the 
seas,  he  was  more  affectionated  to  the  people  of  those 
provinces  there  subject  unto  him. 

HoUnshed,  Hist,  of  Ireland,  p.  55.* 

AFFECTIONED.    Affected.    Shdk. 

AFFECTTJALL.  Effectual.  Such  seems  to  be 
the  meaning  of  the  word  in  Archseologia,  xxv. 
90,  while  in  the  same  document,  p.  89,  ajfec- 
occurs  in  the  same  sense  as  affectu- 


. 

Alonso  failed  not  with  affectuall  and  manifest  ar- 
gumentes  to  perswade  her  that  her  housbaud  had 
now  no  more  right  or  title  to  her  at  all. 

Riche's  Farewell,  1581, 

AFFECTUOUSLY.  Passionately  ;  affection- 
ately. Cf.  Giletta  of  Narbona,  ap.  Collier's 
Shak.  Lib.  p.  10;  Harrington's  Nug.  Ant.  i.  19  ; 
Wright's  Monastic  Letters,  p.  99  j  State  Pa- 
pers, i.  827. 

I  have  sought  hym  desirusly, 
I  have  sought  hym  affectuosly.   Reliq.  Antiq,  ii.  157. 

AFFEEBLED.    Enfeebled. 

In  the  restrefciE";  of  naturall  issues*  strengthening 


the  affeebled  members,  assisting  the  livelie  forces? 

dispersing  annoious  oppilations,  and  qualifieng  of 

sundrie  griefes.    Harrison's  Desc.  of  England,  p,  214. 

AFFEER.   To  settle;  to  confirm.   See  Macbeth, 

iv.  3.  Affeerours,  says  Cowell,  are  "  those  that 

be  appointed  upon  oath  to  mulct  such  as  have 

committed  faults  arbitrarily  punishable,  and 

have  no  express  penalty  set  down  by  statute/' 

AFFENDE.    To  offend. 

Lawe  is  nyge  flemid  oute  of  centre", 
For  fewe  ben  that  dide  it  to  amende. 

Occleve,  JK8.  Soc.  Antiq.  134,  f.  267. 
But  now  to  the  mater  that  I  be-ffbre  meved, 
Of  the  gomes  so  gay  that  grace  hadde  affendid. 

Deposition  of  Richard  II.  p.  21. 

AFFERAUNT.    The  haunch.    (A.-N.) 

He  bereth  moo  tyndes  then  doith  an  herte.  His 
heed  may  noht  be  wel  devysed  withoute  payntyng. 
Thei  have  a  longere  tayl  than  the  hert,  and  also  he 
hath  more  grece  to  his  ajferaunt  then  the  hert. 

MS.  Sodl.  546. 
AFFERDEDE,    Frightened. 

Me  thoghte  schohadeno  powere,forthe  Passyone 
of  God  comforthed  me ;  but  the  grysely  syghte  of 
hir  afferdede  me.  MS.  Lincoln  A.  i.  17,  f.  251. 

AFFERE.  (1)  To  belong.    (Fr.) 

He  was  then  buryed  at  Winchester  in  royall  wise, 
As  to  suche  a  prince  of  reason  should  offers, 

Hardyn^s  Chronicle,  f.  106. 

(2)  Countenance  ;  demeanour.     Gaw. 

(3)  To  terrify. 

The  flora  the  soudan  nam,  Richard  for  to  affere. 

Langtoft's  Chronicle,  p.  187. 

AFFERMID.    Confirmed. 

And  whan  that  lawe  was  conferrnid 
In  dewe  forme,  and  alle  affermid. 

Gower,  MS.  Soc.  Antiq.  134,  f.  80. 
Among  the  goddes  highe  it  is  affirmed, 
And  by  eterne  word  written  and  confermed. 

Chaucer,  Cant.  T.  2351. 

AFFESED.  . Frightened.  The  following  extract 
from  Browne  is  given  by  Richardson,  in  v. 
Pheeze,  but  it  is,  perhaps,  the  same  with 
fesyne,  Prompt.  Parv.  p.  158,  explained  to 
make  afraid,  and  which  has  no  connexion,  I 
believe,  with  either  pheeze,  or  A.-S.  fesian,  as 
Mr.  Way  seems  to  intimate.  See  Fese. 
-She  for  a  while  was  well  sore  qffesed. 

Browne's  Shepheard's  Pipe,  Eel.  i. 
AJFFICHE.    To  affirm.     (^.-JV.) 

Of  that  they  sen  a  womman  riche, 
Ther  wol  they  alle  here  love  affiehe. 

Gower,  MS.  Soc.  Antiq.  134,  f.  142. 
AFFIE.     To  trust ;  to  rely.     See  Rom.  of  the 

Rose,  5480 ;  Kyng  Alisaunder,  7347.     „ 
AFFINAGE.    The  refining  of  metals.     SJdnner. 
AFFINE.  (1)  A  relative.    Shakespeare  has  it  as 
a  verb. 

Howe  heynous  or  detestable  a  cryme  sooever  he 
had  committed,  treason  onely  except,  shoulde  like- 
wise as  affixes  and  alyes  to  the  holy  orders  be  saved* 
and  committed  to  the  bysihoppes  pryson. 

Hall,  Henry  VII.  f .  50. 
(2)  To  refine.    SJdnner. 
AFFIRE.    On  fire. 

And  hir  to  love  liche  as  I  desire, 
Beuigne  Lorde,  so  set  myn  hert  qftre. 

Lydgate,  MS.  Ashmole  39,  f.  12. 

AFFIRMABLY.    With  certainty. 

I  cannot  wryte  of  suche  qffirtnabty. 

Hardyng's  Chronicle,  f.  58, 


AFF 


26 


AFI 


AFFLIGHT.    Blight. 

Of  the  gripe  he  had  a  sight, 
How  she  flew  in  afflight. 

Ton-ent  of  Portugal,  p.  82. 

AFFLIGIT.    Afflicted.    Maundevile. 
AFFQND.     Have  found. 

A  moneth  after  a  raon  myghtte  horn  affond, 
Lyand  styll  on  the  grownd. 

Hunttyng  of  the  Hare,  253. 
AFFONG.     Same  as  Afonge,  q.  v.     This  form 

occurs  in  MS.  Arund.  Coll.  Arm.  8. 
AFFORCE.    To  strengthen ;  to  compel. 

Gorge  upon  gorge  to  afforce  hys  lechery  ; 
The  longe  daye  he  spent  in  glotony. 

Bochas,  b.  v.  c.  8. 

Swa  sulde  ve  do  agaynes  develles  that  ajforces  thame 
to  reve  fra  us  the  hony  of  poure  lyfe  and  of  grace. 

MS.  Lincoln  A.  i.  17,  f.  194. 

AFFORD.      To  afford  to  sell.      Non  possum 
tantulo  vendere,  I  cannot  afford  it  at  so  little 
a  price.    Rider. 
A.FFOKE.    To  make  effective. 
So  that  thou  ous  sykerye  affore 
To  help  ous  in  this  clos.       MS.  Ashmole  33,  f.  27. 
Keete  and  moysture  directyth  ther  passages, 
With  greene  fervence  tajjbre  yong  corages. 

Legate's  Minor  Poems,  p.  244. 
AFFORME.    To  conform. 

Ye  servauntes  that  wayte  upon  the  tahle, 

Be  ye  honest  and  dylygent; 
To  hym  that  is  most  honourable 
Jfforme  your  maners  and  entent. 

Doct.  of  Good  Servauntes,  p.  8, 

AFFORN.    Before. 

And  alle  the  Sarsyns  thay  a-slowe, 
That  thay  affbrn  him  founde. 

MS.  Ashmole  33,  f.  30. 

AFFORST.    Thirsty. 

Not  halffe  ynowh  therof  he  hadde, 

Oft  he  was  afforst.      The  F>  ere  and  the  Soy,  iv. 

AFFRAIE.    Fear. 

But  yet  I  am  in  grete  affraie 

Lest  thou  sholdest  nat  doe  as  I  sale. 

Row.  of  the  Rose,  4397. 

AFFRAMYNGE.  Framynge,  or  afframynge,  or 
wynnynge,  Lucrum,  emolumentum.  Prompt. 
Parv.  p.  176. 

AFFRAP,    To  encounter ;  to  strike  down. 
They  bene  y-mett,  both  ready  to  offi-ap. 

Faerie  Queene,  II.  i.  26. 

AFFRAY.  (1)  A  disturbance.    (A.-N.) 
Who  lived  ever  in  swiche  delite  o  day, 
That  him  ne  meved  other  conscience, 
Or  ire,  or  talent,  or  som  kin  qffiay. 

Chaucer,  Cant.  T.  fi567. 

(2)  To  frighten.     (A.-N.) 

Needles,  God  wot,  he  thought  hire  to  affray. 

Chaucer,  Cant.  T.  8331. 

AFFRAYED.    Afraid. 

And  whenne  Kynge  Edwardes  hooste  had  know- 
lege  that  Sere  Perys  le  Brasilia  with  the  Scottes- 
raenne  were  comynge,  thei  remewed  from  the  sege 
and  were  ajfrayed.  WarJeworth's  Chronicle,  p.  2. 

AFFRAYNE.    To  question ;  to  ask.    (A-S.) 
Byfore  the  atnyral  thanne  he  goth, 
And  bygan  him  for  to  affrayne. 

MS.  Afhmole  33,  f.  28. 
I  atfrayned  hym  first 
Fram  whecnes  he  come. 

fiers  Pbttshman,  p.  347. 


AFFRENDED.    Reconciled. 

Where  when  she  saw  that  cruall  war  so  ended, 
And  deadly  foes  so  faithfully  qffrended, 
In  lovely  wise  she  gan  that  lady  greet, 
Which  had  so  great  dismay  so  well  amended. 

Faerie  Queenet  IV.  iii.  50. 
AFFRET.     An  assault  ;  an  attack.    (Fr.) 
And,  passing  forth  with  furious  affret, 
Pierst  through  his  bever  quite  into  his  brow. 

Faerie  Queene,  IV.  iii.  11. 
AFFRICTION.    Friction.    Boyle. 
AFFRODILE.    A  daffodil.     Chesh. 
AFFRONT.  To  meet  face  to  face  ;  to  encounter. 
Cf.  Troilus  and  Cressida,  iii.  2  ;  Hamlet,  iii.  1. 
"  On  affront,"  face  to  face.    Ben  Jonson,  iv. 
51,  has  the  word  as  a  substantive. 
The  brigge  ys  of  fair  entaylle, 

On  brede  fourty  fete  : 
An  hundred  knystes  wythoute  faille, 
Ther  on  affront  mo  we  meet. 

MS.  dshmole  33,  f.  22. 

AFFRONTEDNESS.  Great  impudence.  Skinner. 
AFFULDEM.     Struck  down.     (A.-S.} 
Roland  is  an  hardi  man, 

So  strong  man  and  so  wijt  ; 
In  no  batail  ther  he  cam, 

Ne  fond  he  nevere  knyjt 
That  onys  a  strok  him  astod, 

That  he  on  him  Icide, 
That  he  ne  ttfuldem  xvere  wod, 

Outlier  slowe  at  a  braide.  MS.  Ash^mlc  33. 

AFFYAUNCE.    Trust. 

He  shrove  hym  with  grete  rcpentaunce, 

But  of  Goddys  mercy  he  hadde  none  qffi/aunce. 

MS.  Harl.  1701,  f.  82. 

AFGODNESS.    Idolatry.    SMnner. 
AFILE.     To  file;   to  polish.     Cf.  Troilus  and 
Creseide,  ii,  1681. 
Whanne  he  hath  his  tunge  afilid 
With  softe  speche  and  with  lesynges. 

Cower,  MS.  Soc.  Antiq.  134,  f.  42. 
For  wel  he  wiste,  whan  that  song  was  songe, 
He  must  preche,  and  wel  (rjtte  his  tonge. 

Chaucer  Cant.  T.  714. 

AFILED.     Deftlcd. 

Alas,  heo  saide,  y  nere  y-spiilcd  1 
For  men  me  cleputh  quen 


iUr,  1064. 

A-FINE.     Wd  a-fine,  in  perfection.     See  Afyn. 
For  no  man  at  the  firste  stroke 
Ne  may  not  fel  adoune  an  oke, 
Nor  of  the  reisins  have  the  wine, 
Till  grapes  be  ripe  and  wel  a-fine. 

K«m-  of  tha  Hose,  36SO, 
AFINGRET.    Hungry.     Cf.  Wright's  Political 
Songs,  p.  342  ;  Piers  Ploughman,  pp.  133,  176, 
283,  403. 

A  vox  gon  out  of  the  wode  go, 
Mngret  so,  that  him  wes  wo  ; 
He  nes  nevere  in  none  wise 
^finffret  erour  half  so  swithe. 

Reliq.  4ntiq.  U.  2?2. 
As  hy  were  on  a  day  sore  o&ngrodt 
To  the  bord  hy  sete. 

MS.  Coll.  Trin.  Oww.  67*  '•  3. 
AFIT.    On  foot.    North. 
A-FIVE.    Into  five  pieces. 
Sir  Gii  to  him  gan  to  drive, 
That  his  spere  brast  ajve,     Gj  tf  WarwUee,  p.  3»*» 


AFO 


27 


AFLAMING.     Flaming. 

The  sting  of  tongues  the  atfaminy  fire  -loth  feed. 

Append,  to  W.  Maptx,  p.  291. 
AFLAT.     Flat.     Bacon. 
AFLAUOT.     Showily  dressed. 
Al  afiaunt  now  vaunt  It ; 

Brave  wench,  cast  away  care; 
With  Jayes  of  love  chaunt  it, 
For  no  cost  see  thou  spare. 

Promos  and  Cassandrat  i.  2, 
AFLED.    Escaped. 

He  shoke  his  eares, 
And  fiom  grete  f eares 

He  thought  hym  well  afled. 

Si)'  Thomas  More's  Workes,  7557* 

AFLIGHT.  To  be  uneasy.  (^.-JV.) 
Upon  this  worde  hir  herte  aflight, 
Thynkende  what  was  best  to  doone. 

Cower,  b.  ii. 
Tho  was  the  boy  aflyght, 
And  dorst  not  speke.  Octovixn,  191. 

A-FLORE.    On  the  floor. 

And  over  keveryd  with  a  pal, 
A-flore  where  she  stondes. 

-    MS.  Cantab.  Ff.  i.  6,  f.  90. 
AFL03EN.    Flown. 

And  were  aflo^en  grete  and  smalle, 
And  eke  the  amerel.         MS.  Ashmole  33,  f.  41. 
AFLY3TE.     Same  as  AfligJit,  q.  v. 

Upon  his  worde  hire  herte  afl^te, 
Thenkende  what  was  best  to  done. 

Cower,  MS.  Soc.  Antiq.  134,  f,  66. 
And  tho  for  fere  hire  herte  afly$te>  Ibid.  f.  112. 
AFO.    To  take ;  to  undertake ;  to  receive. 
Thempereur  that  was  so  fre, 
With  him  Gij  than  ladde  he ; 
Cast.els  him  bede  and  citSs, 
Gret  worthschip  and  riche  fes ; 
Ac  he  therof  nold  a/o, 
For  nothing  that  he  might  do. 

Gy  of  Warwike*  p.  94. 
Bi  mi  Lord  Jhesus  Crist, 

This  message  iehil  afo.  ,  IUd.  p.  133. 

For  nought  that  y  might  afo, 
Y  nil  bitray  therl  Tirri.  Ibid.  p.  199. 

AFO  AT.    On  foot     Var.  dial 
AFOILD.    Foiled ;  cast  down. 
Felice  hadde  of  him  gret  rewthe. 
Gii,  quod  sche,  thou  lovest  tne  in  trewthe  ! 
Al  to  michel  thou  art  <z/oiW ; 
Now  thi  blod  it  is  acoild.       Gy  of  Warw'ike,  p.  20. 
AFONGE.     To  take ;  to  receive.   "  Afonge  hem 
who  so  afonge,"  take  them  who  will  take  them. 
Cf.  Wright's  Middle-age  Treat,  on  Science,  p. 
140;  Rob.  Glouc.  p-  91;  Arthour  and  Mer- 
lin, p.  126 ;  Kyng  Alisaunder,  606,  972,  7289, 
7534. 

Alas !  sede  seinte  Cuthberd, 

Pole  eeh  am  to  longe  \ 
I  nelle  this  schep  no  longer  kepe, 
Afongs  hem  who  so  afonge  I 

'    MS.  Coll.  Trin.  Oxon.  B7,  f.  2. 

AFORCE.  (1)  To  force ;  to  compel.  Cf.  Kyng 
Alisaunder,  789;  Roh.  Glouc.  pp.  121,  323; 
Skelton's  works,  i.31,  308,  explained  to  mean, 
to  attempt,  to  exert  one's  self. 

Thoghe  men  aforced  hym,  for  drede, 
<  To  sey  that  that  man  dyd  that  dede. 

MS,  Hart.  1701,  f.  25, 
For  jif  a  mon  aforce  hym  ay 
To  do  the  goode  that  he  may, 


AFO 

jit  may  his  goode  dedus  be  so  wrought, 
That  par  chaunce  God  aloweth  hym  nought 


(2)  To  force  ;  to  ravish. 

He  hath  me  of  vilanie  bisought ; 
Me  to  afwce  is  in  his  thought. 

Arthour  and  Merlin,  p.  88. 

AFORE.  (1)   Before;  forward;  in  time  past, 
(4.-S.)    It  is  used  in  the  two  latter  senses 
with  quick  speakers ;  especially  in  the  northern 
provinces,  and  in  Norfolk.    In  MS.  Digby  40, 
f.  19,  is  the  proverb,  "  Hee  that  will  not  be- 
ware afore  will  be  sory  afterwardes." 
And  when  the  lyenas  hungurd  sore, 
Sche  ete  of  the  gryffyn  more, 

That  afore  was  stronge  and  wyght. 

MS.  Cantab.  Ff.  it.  38,  f.  84. 

(2)  Gone.  So  explained  in  a  MS.  Somerset- 
shire glossary,  lent  to  me  by  a  native  of  that 
county. 

AFOREN.    -Before.     Chaucer. 
AFORE-TUZ.    Before  thou  hast.    YorJcsh. 
AFORETYME.    In  tune  past.    Still  in  use.  See 
an  instance  in  the  Dial,  of  Great.  Moral,  p.  144. 
AFORE-YENE.    Over  against ;  directly  in  front 
of.    Somerset. 

And  sayid,  nece,  who  hath  arayid  thus 
The  yondir  house,  that  stante  afwyens  us  ? 

Truilus  and  Creseide,  ii.  1188. 
AFORNANDE.    Beforehand.    Prompt.  Parv. 
AFORNE.    Before;  formerly.     West. 
Aforne  provided  by  grace  of  Crist  Jhesu, 
To  were  ij.  crownys  in  Yngland  and  in  Fraunce. 
MS.  Harl.    2251,  f.  4. 

AFORNE-CASTE.    Premeditated. 

By  high  imaginacion  aforne-caste, 

On  a  night  thorghe  the  hoggis  sty  hee  brast. 

Cfiaucer,  ed.  Urry,  p.  17l« 

AFORRAN.    In  store;  hi  reserve.    North.    A 

corruption  apparently  of  aforehand. 
A-FORSE.    By  necessity. 

Than  Selle  it  a-jfurse  to  ffilte  hem  ajeyne. 

Deposition  of  Richard  21.  p.  28. 

AFORTHE.  (1)   To  afford.  (4.-S.) 
And  yaf  hem  mete  as  he  myghte  aforthe, 
And  mesurable  hyre.        Piers  Ploughman,  p.  129. 

(2)    Continually.    (^.-&) 

And  here  and  there,  as  that  my  litille  wit 
Aforthe  may  eek  thinke  I  translate  hit. 

Ocdeve,  MS.  Soc.  Antiq.  134,  f.  263. 
A-FOKWARD.   In  front. 

Mid  thre  hondred  knyjtes,  a  duk,  thathet  Siward» 
Asailede  Corineus  hymself  a-forward. 

Rob.  Glouc.  p.  17. 
AFOTE.    On  foot. 

Whenne  Adam  Abelle  body  fond, 
For  sorwe  afote  my$t  he  not  stond. 

Cursor  Mundi,  MS.  Coll.  Trin.  Cantab.  {.  8* 
It  felle  they  foujten  bothe  afote. 

Cower  MS.  Soc,  4ntiq.  134,  f.  117, 

AFOUE.    A  vow. 

Jake  seyde,  y  make  afoue, 
Y  am  as  redey  as  thow. 

The  Frere  and  the  Boy,  st.  Ixvi. 
AFOUNDE.  •  Discovered. 

And  tho  the  Sarsenes  afounde 

Her  lord  was  slayn, 
Everych  to  fle  away  that  stounde 

Was  ferly  fayn.  Octovian,  1659 


AFT  2« 

AFOUNDRIT.    Foundered. 

He  was  ner  afound \/^tt  and  coud  none  othir  help. 
Chaucer ,~ed.  Urryt  p.  599. 
A  FOUR.     Over. 

This  men,  on  the  kinges  sond, 
Went  afow  half  Inglond. 

Ai'thour  and  Merlin,  p.  24. 

A-FOYSTE.    In  Prompt.  Parv.  p.  7,  this  is  trans- 
lated by  Hrida,  the  meaning  of  wliich  may  be 
seen  in  that  work,  p.  163.      The  a  is  pro- 
bably the  article,  although  Mr.  Way  informs 
me  the  "Winchester  MS.  reads  affyste. 
A-FRAWL.    For  all ;  in  spite  of.  Suffolk. 
AFRAYE.      Fear;   flight.     Cf.  Prompt.  Parv. 
p.  175. 

That  other  rode  his  vraye, 
His  herte  was  in  grete  afi-aye. 

Syr  Tryarnowe,  1382. 

AFRAYET.    Afraid. 

The  freson  was  afrayet,  and  ferd  of  that  fere. 

Robsoris  Romances,  p.  15. 

AFREED.    Afraid.    Derbysh. 

AFRET.     Fretted;  placed  crosswise.    \A.-N.) 

For  round  environ  her  crounet 

Was  full  of  riche  stonis  afret. 

Rom,  of  Hose,  3204. 

AFRETIE.    To  devour. 

Spedeth  ou  to  spewen, 

Ase  me  doth  to  spelle ; 
The  fend  ou  afretie 
With  fleis  ant  with  felle. 

Wright's  Pol.  Songs,  p.  240. 

AFREYNE.    To  judge.  (^.-5.) 

But  evere  we  hope  to  Thin  goodnesse, 
Whanne  Thovv  schalt  this  werde  afreyne. 

Kampala's  Stim.  Consc.  MS. 
AFRONT.    In  front.     See  Berners. 

Least  his  people  should  be  assailed  not  onlie  afront, 
out  also  upon  everie  side  the  battels,  he  caused  the 
ranis  so  to  place  themselves,  as  their  battels  might 
£tretch  farre  further  in  bredth  than  otherwise  the 
order  of  warre  required. 

Holinshed,  Hist.  J2j»£te»e?,  p.  50. 
AFRONTTE.    Abreast. 

And  worst  of  all  that  Tundale  fand, 
Ajrontte  unnethe  thei  myght  passe 

Twndaltfs  Visions,  p    33. 

AFRORE.    Frozen.     Somerset. 
AFROTJGHTE.    Asked?     (d.-S.) 
The  byssehope  spake  withoute  faylc, 
Thoughe  he  were  nothynge  afroughte. 

MS.  Hart.  2252,  f.  114. 

AFROTJNT.  To  accost ;  to  encounter ;  to  at- 
tack. (A.-N.) 

An  if  a  pore  man  spelce  a  word,  he  shal  be  foule 
afrounted,  Wright's  Political  S^ngs,  p.  337. 

And  with  Nede  I  mette, 
That  afrounted  me  foule, 

And  faitour  me  called.       Piers  Ploughman,  p.  425, 
AFRY3TE.    Frightened. 

Hire  herte  was  so  sore  af>y$te, 
That  sche  ne  wiste  what  to  thinke. 

Cower,  MS.  Soo.  Antiq.  134,  f.  161. 
He  be-helde  jlf  the  hinde  evel  hurt  were, 
And  foad  sche  nas  but  a-fH$t  for  fere  of  that  dint. 
mil.  and  the  Werwolf,  p.  100. 

AFT.    (1)  Oft.    Percy. 

(2)  Behind.  Generally  a  sea  term,  but  it  is  in 
common  use  on  the  banks  of  the  Tyne,  and 
occasionally  in  other  places,  in  the  sense  here 
given,  without  any  relation  to  nautical  subjects,  j 


AFT 


AFTE.     Foolish  ? 

Hit  nis  bot  trewth,  I  wend,  an  afte, 
For  te  sette  negn  in  eni  craft o. 

Wright's  Ptihtiunl  Sung*,  p.  210. 

AFTER.  Afterwards ;  according  to ;  according1 
to  the  shape  of.  "  After  that  they  ware,"  ac- 
cording to  their  degree.  So  in  the  Common 
Prayers,  "  Neither  reward  us  after  our  iniqui- 
ties/1 i.  e.  according  to  our  iniquities.  The 
word  occurs  apparently  in  a  peculiar  sen.se  in 
Ritson's  Ancient  Songs,  i.  40. 

Theo  othir  ladies  after  that  they  ware, 
To  knyghtis  weore  doliverid  there. 

Kyng  Atisaitnder,  2503. 

AFTERBURTHEN.    The  afterbirth.    This  word 
is  often  used  in  the  curious  depositions  relating 
to  the  birth,  of  the  Prince  of  Wales  in  1688. 
See  Croft's  Excerpta  Antiqua,  1797. 
AFTERCLAP.  Anything  disagreeable  happening 
after  all  consequences  of  the  cause  have  been 
thought  at  an  end.     Hartshorne,  Salop.  Antiq. 
p.  303,  says,  "  the  consequence,  issue,  result, 
generally  received   in  malam  par  tern"    Cf. 
Reliq.  Antiq,  i.  77 ;  Collier's  Old  Ballads,  p.  94 ; 
Holinshed,  Hist  Engl.  p.  197. 
To  thy  fronde  thowe  lovest  moste, 
Loke  thowe  tclle  not  allc  thy  worste, 

Whatesoever  beliappes ; 
For  whane  thy  fremle  ys  thy  foo, 
He  wolle  tell  alle  and  more  too  ; 

Beware  of  afterdappes  >     MS.  Lansd.  7C2,  f.  100. 
So  that  hit  was  a  sory  happe, 
And  he  was  a-gast  of  after-clapps, 

MS.  D<^«ce  230,  f.  14. 

AFTERDEAL.    Disadvantage.    Cf.  Reynard  the 

Foxe,  p.  149. 

For  otherwise  the  partie  ys  dryven  to  a  preate 

afterdate,  and  must  b<-»  enforced,  to  his  groatc  chardges, 

to  repairc  to  your  majestic1  for  the  same,  whiche  he 

is  not  well  able  to  doo.  State  Pajmes,  Hi.  4C0. 

AFTER-EYE.    To  keep  a  person  in  view;  to 

follow  him.    Sh&k. 
rVFTEJIFEED.    The  grass  that  grows  after  the 

first  crop  lias  been  mown,  and  generally  fed 

off,  not  left  for  an  aftermath,  as  in  some  other 

counties.     Ojeon. 
APTERINGS.      The  last  milk  drawn  from  a 

cow.     Var.  dial. 
AFTE  R-K1ND RED.    Remote  khulred. 

Yet  natholesse  your  kinrcde  h  but  aftnr-Tcinreie, 

for  they  ben  but  Htell  aibbe  to  you,  and  the  kiniie 

of  your  enemies  ben  nie  sibbe  to  hem. 

CAowtw,  fid   Urry,  p.  153. 

AFTERLEYS.    Aftermaths.    Rerfa. 
AFTER-LONGE.    Long  afterwards. 

And  after-longs  he  ly  ved  without  en  stryfe, 
Tyll  he  went  from  his  mortal!  lyfe. 

R«Uq.  Antiq.  K  47. 

AFTER-LOVE.    Love  after  the  first  love.    Shak. 
AFTERKAJH.  A  second  crop  of  grass.  Var.  dial 
AFTER-SAILS.  The  sails  that  belong  to  the  main 
and  mizen  masts,  and  keep  the  ship  to  the 
wind. 
AFTER-3ERNE.    To  long  after. 

<3od  grauntes  us  noghte  ay  that  we  for-ptay,  for 
he  wille  gyfe  us  better  thennc  we  after"$(trnfi. 

MS.  Lincoln  A.  1. 17,  f.  237 
AFTIN.    Often. 

For  a*  ttftin  tyme  &>  thou  scorgediste  him  with  thJ 


AGA 


29 


AGA 


punyshementes,  for  to  make  him  to  obeye  to  thi 
commaundmentes,  he  wolde  never,  but  encline  to 
me.  Gesta  Romanorum,  p.  126. 

AFTIRCASTE.  A  throw  at  dice  after  the  game 
is  ended ;  anything  done  too  late. 

Thus  ever  he  pleyeth  an  aftircaste 
"Of  alle  that  he  schalle  say  or  do. 

Gower,  MS.  Soc.  Antiq.  134,  f.  IDS 

AFT-MEAL.   A  late  meal. 

Indeede,  quoth  he,  I  keepe  an  ordinary, 

Eightpence  a  meale  who  there  doth  sup  or  dyne; 
And  dyse  and  cardes  are  but  an  aceessarye : 
At  aft-meales  who  shall  paye  for  the  wine  ? 

Thynne's  Debate,  p.  49. 

AFTYR-PARTE.  The  behind  side.  Prompt.  Parv. 
AFURE.     On  fire. 

He  ssoc  ys  suerde  and  gruate,  and  myd  such  ernest 

smot, 

That  the  sprong  out  myd  ech  dunt  of  helme  so  there, 
That  yt  thojte  myd  ech  dunt,  as  that  heved  afure 
were.  Rob.  Glouc.  p.  308. 

AFUEST.  Thirsty.  The  two  forms  a-fyngred 
and  a-furst,  according  to  Mr.  Wright,  appear 
to  he  characteristic  of  the  dialect  of  the  coun- 
ties in  the  West  of  England;  and  a  con- 
firmation of  this  conjecture  occurs  in  MS. 
Lansd.  1033,  f.  2,  where  the  word  furst  is 
given  as  current  in  Wiltshire  in  that  sense  in 
1697.  Cf.  Piers  Ploughman,  pp.  176,  283, 
529  ;  Kyng  Horn,  1120  ;  Afforst. 
A-f&rst  hy  were  for  werynesse ; 
So  sore  that  nas  ende.  MS.  Coll.  Trin.  Oxon.&J. 

AFURT.     Sullen.     West. 
AFVED.     Had. 

Of  G.  will  I  now  lef  my  tale, 

And  of  hys  fel?ugh  spek  I  sale, 

Thac  south  him  al  obout ; 

Of  hym.  afued  gret  dout. 

Guy  of  Warwick,  ffiddtehill  MS. 

AFWORE.    Before.    North. 
AFYE.     To  trust. 

In  thaym  thu  may  the  afye. 

GUI/  of  Warwick,  Wddtehtil  MS. 
Pors  afyed  in  his  streynthe, 
In  his  muchehed,  and  in  his  leynthe. 

Kyng  Alisaunder,  7351. 

AFYGHE.    To  trust. 

Who  that  hath  trewe  amye, 
Joliflich  he  may  hyra  in  her  aft/ghe. 

Kyng  Alisaunder,  4753. 

AFYGHTETH.  Tames ;  reduces  to  subjection. 
(A.-N.} 

Delfyns  they  nymeth,  and  cokedrill, 
And  afj/ghteth  to  heore  wille, 
For  to  beore  heom  to  the  flod, 

Kyng  Alisaunder,  6583. 

AFYN.  In  fine ;  in  the  end.  (A.-N.)  Cf.  Boke 
of  Curtasye,  p.  21 ;  Sevyn  Sages,  1106 ; 
Maitland's  Lambeth  Books,  p.  307;  Gy  of 
Warwike,  p.  334  ;  Arthour  and  Merlin,  pp.  3, 
143;  Emare',  913;  Launfal,  343.  On  com- 
paring these  examples,  it  seems  we  should  oc- 
casionally read  a  fine,  i.  e.  and  fine.  So,  "wel 
a  fine,"  well  and  fine.  See  A-fine. 

AG.    To  cut  with  a  stroke.    North. 

AGAAN.    Against ;  again.    North. 

A-GADE.  In  the  following  passage  is  explained 
by  Ellis  "  distracted,"  while  Weber  reads  a 
ffade,  a  gadling. 


And  saide,  Dame,  thou  art  a-gade, 
That  thou  mournest  for  the  ded, 
That  mai  the  do  nother  god  ne  qued. 

The  Senyn  Sages,  2G38* 

AGADRED.    Gathered.    SMnner. 
AGAH.    The  ague.     North. 
AGAIN.  (1)  Against ;  near  to.    These  senses  of 
the  word  are  not  obsolete  in  the  prcrances. 
Whose  lordshyp  doutles  was  slayne  lamentably 
Thorow  treson,  again  him  compassed  and  wrought. 
Skelton's  Works,  i.  6. 
(2)  Towards. 

And  praide  hem  for  to  riden  again  the  quene, 
The  honour  of  his  regne  to  sustene. 

Chaucer,  Cant.  T.  4811. 
Scho  felle  hir  lorde  one  knees  agayne, 
And  of  his  sorow  scho  ganne  hym  frayne. 

MS.  Lincoln  A.  i.  17,  f,  99. 

AGAINST.    To  ride  against  the  king,  or  other 
noble  person,  signified  to  ride  to  meet.    The 
term  is  not  unfrequently  used  by  early  writers. 
See  Fairholt's  Hist,  of  Lord  Mayors'  Pageant-^ 
p.  6;  Octavian,  1289. 
AGAINSTAND.    To  resist ;  to  oppose. 
With  castelles  strong  and  towres  for  the  nones, 
At  eche  myles  ende,  to  agaynstande  all  the  foonyse. 
Hardyng'&  Chronicle >  f.53, 

AGAINSTANDANS.    Withstanding;  resisting. 
For  tigainstandans  thi  rigthand  fleghe, 
Home  thou  me  als  shit  of  heghe. 

MS.  Bodl.  425,  f.  1. 
AGAINTH.    Against.     North. 
A-GAME.    In  game.     Chaucer. 
AGAN.     Gone. 

The  day  hym  was  ful  nej  agan, 
And  come  was  nej  the  ni5t.  MS.  Ashmole  33,  f.  30. 
AGAPE.    On  the  gape. 

More  solemn  than  the  tedious  pomp  that  waita 
On  princes,  when  their  rich  retinue  long 
Of  horses  led,  and  grooms  besmear'd  with  gold, 
Dazzles  the  crowd,  and  sets  them  all  agape. 

Paradise  Lost,  b.  v. 

AGAR.     An   exclamation.      See  the  Exmoor 

Courtship,  p.  19. 

AGARICK.     The  fungus  on  the  larch.     See 
Gerard,  ed.  Johnson,  p.  1365.     Minsheu  calls 
it  "  a  white  and  soft  mushroom."    It  is  also 
the  name  of  an  Assyrian  herb.    Cf.  Topsell's 
Hist,  of  Serpents,  p.  46  ;  Clerk's  ed.  of  Withals, 
p.  113 ;  Halle's  Expostulation,  p.  21. 
AGARIFIED.    Having  the  ague.    Suffolk. 
AGAS-DAY.    Agatha's  Day.     See  the  Paston 
Letters,  iv.  426,  quoted  in  Hampson's  Med. 
Kalendar.  ii.  7. 

AGASED,  Astonished ;  aghast.  Shakespeare  has 
the  word  in  1  Henry  VI.  i.  1. 
In  this  cittve  all  aboute 
Was  non  so  stearne  ney  so  stowte, 
That  up-loked  for  greate  doubte, 
The  were  so  sore  agased.       Chester  Plays,  ii.  8&. 
AGASPE.    To  gasp. 

Galba,  whom  his  galantys  garde  for  agaspe. 

Skelton's  Works t  i.  274,- 

AGAST.    Frightened.    North. 

He  met  a  dwarfe,  that  seemed  terrifydc 
With  some  late  perill  which  he  hardly  past, 
Or  other  accident  which  him  agast. 

Faerie  Queene,  III.  v  ^ 


AGE 


30 


AGG 


AGATE.  (1)  A-doing ;  a-going.  To  "  get  agate" 
is  to  make  a  beginning  of  any  work  or  thing ; 
to  "  be  agate"  is  to  be  on  the  road,  on  the 
way,  approaching  towards  the  end.  See 
Hunter's  Hallamshire  Glossary,  in  v.  Cotgrave 
has  the  expressions  "  to  set  the  bells  a-gate" 
and  "  to  set  a  wheelbarrow  a-gate  "  See  his 
Diet,  in  v.  Brimtater,  Broueter,  and  the  old 
play  called  Lingua,  iii.  6. 

(2)  Used  metaphorically  for  a  very  diminutive 
person,  in  allusion  to  the  small  figures  cut  in 
agate  for  rings.  See  Nares,  in  v. 

AGATE-WARDS.  To  go  agate-wards  with  any 
one,  is  to  accompany  him  part  of  his  way  home, 
and  was  formerly  the  last  office  of  hospitality 
towards  a  guest,  frequently  necessary  even  now 
for  guidance  and  protection  in  some  parts  of 
the  country.  In  Lincolnshire  it  is  pronounced 
affatekouse,  and  in  the  North  generally 
agaterds. 

AGATHA.  In  a  little  tract  by  Bishop  Pilkington 
called  "The  Burnynge  of  Paules  Church," 
8vo.  Lond.  1563,  sig.  G.  i,  "  St.  Agatha's  Let- 
ters" are  mentioned  as  a  charm  for  houses  on 
fire.  Cf.  Becon's  Works,  1843,  p.  139, 

AGATHRID.    Gathered. 

With  the  griffon  come  foulis  fele, 
Ravins,  rokis,  crowis,  and  pie, 
And  graie  foulis,  agcttTirid  wele. 

Chaucer^  3d.  Urry,  p.  188. 

AGAYNBYER.    The  Redeemer.   Prompt.  Parv. 
AGAYNE-COMMYNGE.    Return. 

For  -wha  so  ever  tournez  one  the  rijte  hande,  he 
salle  fynde  many  obstaclez  and  grevancez  that  salle 
peraventure  lett  his  agayne  commynge, 

MS.  Lincoln  A.  i.  17,  f.  40. 

AGAYNE-STANDE.    To  resist ;  to  oppose. 

For  no  resone  ne  lawe  of  lande, 
May  noghte  ther  agayne-stande. 

MS,  Lincoln  A.  i.  17,  f- 120. 

AGAYNSAY.  Contradiction.  Also,  a  verb,  as 
in  the  following  example. 

To  which  Rogiers  daughter  called  Anne,  my  most 
derest  and  welbeloved  mother,  I  am  the  very  trew 
and  lineall  heyre,  wbiche  diseent  all  you  cannot 
justely  agaymay,  nor  yet  truly  deny. 

Ball,  Henry  FT.  f.  90. 
AGAYNSAYYNG.    Contradiction, 
They  grauntyd  hym  hys  askyng 
Withouten  more  agayntiayyng 

Richard  Coei-  de  Lion>  600. 

AGAYTSTWARDE.  On  the  contrary;  on  the 
other  hand. 

Heken  agaynwarde  how  these  princes  three 
Were  full  ungoodly  quit  by  the  comonte'. 

BocJias,  b.  v.  c.  19. 

AGE.  To  advance  in  years.  "  My  daam  ages 
fast,"  i.  e.  she  looks  older  in  a  short  space  of 
time.  It  is  sometimes  used  in  Yorkshire  in  the 
sense  of  affecting  with  concern  and  amazement, 
because  those  passions,  when  violent  and  long 
indulged,  are  supposed  to  bring  on  gray  hairs 
and  premature  old  age.  The  verb  agyn  occurs 
in  Prompt.  Parv.  p.  8,  and  Palsgrave  has,  "  I 
age  or  wexe  olde." 

AGEE.  Awry;  obliquely;  askew.  North.  It  is 
sometimes  used  for  "  wrong,"  and  occasionally 
a  corruption  of  "  ajar,"  as  applied  to  a  door. 


AGEEAN.     Against ;  again.    North. 
AGEINS.    Towards. 

Ageins  nn  olde  man,  hore  upon  his  hede. 
Ye  shuld  arise.  Chaucer,  Cant.  T.  12G77- 

AGELT.  (1)  Forfeited.    (^.-50 

Thei  he  had  i-wraththed  your  wif, 
Yit  had  he  nowt  agelt  his  lit'. 

Sewn  Sages,  G8fi. 

(2)  Offends.    (J.-S.) 

And  huo  thet  agelt  ine  enie  of  the  ilke  hestes,  hims- 
sel  therof  vorthencke.  MS.  drundel.  57,  f.  13. 

AGEN.  Again.  A  very  common  form  in  old 
works,  and  the  provincial  dialects  of  the  pre- 
sent day.  It  is  sometimes  used  for  against. 
Hartshorne,  Salop.  Antiq.  p.  303,  gives  the 
meanings,  against,  contiguous,  by,  towards, 
when. 

AGENFRIE.  The  true  lord,  or  owner  of  any 
thing.  SJcinner. 

AGENHINE.  A  guest  at  a  house,  who,  after 
three  nights'  stay,  was  reckoned  one  of  the 
family.  Cowell.  ~ 

AGERDOWS.    Eager;  keen;  severe. 
He  wrate  an  epitaph  for  his  grave-stone, 
With  wordes  devoute  and  sentence  agcrdaivs. 

Skelton'*  Works,  1.  411. 

AGE  ST.    Afraid ;  terrified.    Ejcmoor. 
AGETHE.    Goeth.    Ritson. 
AGEYN.    Towards. 

Al  day  wentyn  tho  chylderin  too, 

And  sleych  fowndyn  he  non, 
Tilit  were  a- grim  evyn, 
The  chylderin  wold  gon  horn. 

Songf  and  Carols,  x . 

AGEYN-BYINGE.  Redemption.  Prompt.  Parv. 
AGEYNWARDE.    On  the  other  hand. 
Men  must  of  right  the  vcrtuous  preferre, 
And  triewly  labour  preyse  and  besynrase ; 
And  agei/mcarde  dispreyse  folke  that  erre, 
Whiche  have  no  joye  but  al  in  idilnesse. 

Lydgate't  Minor  Po<*m.?,  p.  84. 

AGG.    (1)  To  incite ;  to  provoke,    j&vmoor. 

(2)  A  grudge ;  a  spite.     Northumb. 

(3)  To  hack ;  to  cut  clumsily.     Wilt8. 
AGGERATE.    To  heap  np.    Rider. 
AGGESTED.    Heaped  up.    Coles. 
AGGIE.    To  dispute ;  to  murmur.    Devon. 
AGGING.  Murmuring;  raising  a  quarrel  Exmoor. 
AGGLATED.    Adorned  with  aglets. 

The  third  day  of  August  in  the  citie  of  A-tnlas 
came  the  Frenche  kyng  hi  a  cote  of  blacke  velvet 
upon  white  satin,  and  tied  with  laces  affftlftted  with 
golde.  Ball,  Henry  nil.  f.  1G2. 

AGGRACE.  To  favour.  Spenser.  This  writer 
also  uses  it  as  a  substantive. 

AGGRATE.    (1)  To  irritate,     Var.  dial 

(2)  To  please ;  to  gratify.    Spenser. 

AGGREDE.    To  aggravate.    Coles. 

AGGREEVANCE.    A  grievance. 

Unlesse  they  vcere  prodamed  traitors,  and  with 

all  diligence  followed  and  pursued,  the  event  therof 

would  be  vene  evl)l,  to  the  aggreevance  of  good 

subjects,  and  to  the  incouragement  of  the  wicked. 

Stanihvrtt't  Hlif.  o/  Intend*  p.  172* 

AGGREGE.    The  same  as  agwff,  q.  v. 

But  aldredraore  lest  theig«it  therof  harme  to  the 
coule,  and  tyraung  for  defaut  of  tretpa«w;  forth! 
that  in  swelfc  the  synne  affgreylth  bl  moun  of  the 
degr^.  jfl>tf<t&V  fof  '^*  l*tttl  ifdff  p.  4« 


AGH 


31 


AGL 


AGGKESTEYNE.    A  sickness  incident  to  hawks. 

A  receipt  for  its  cure  is  given  in  the  Book  of 

St.  Albans. 
AGGREVAUNS.      A    grievance;    an    injury. 

Prompt.  Parv. 

AGGROGGYD.     Aggravated.     Prompt.  Parv. 
AGGROUP.    To  group.  '  Dry  den. 
AGGY.    Agnes.    North. 
AGHAST.    Did  frighten.    Spenser. 
AGHE.     Ought. 

Wele  aghe  we  to  breke  the  bandes  of  covaytise, 

and  ille  to  drede  that  byndes  men  in  syn. 

MS.  Coll.  Eton.  10,  f.  4. 

AGHEN.    Own. 

And  made  tille  hys  aghen  lyknes. 

MS.  Coll.  Stow,  xviii.  6. 

That  thou  destroy  thin  enimy,  that  es,  he  that  es 
wise  in  his  aghen  eghen.      MS  Coll.  Eton.  10,  f.  12. 
AGHER.    Either. 

For  when  y  shuld  agher  go  or  ryde, 

Y  dyghte  my  hevede  ryjt  moche  with  pryde. 

MS.  Harl.  1701,  f.  22. 

AGHFUL.    Fearful.     (^.-S.) 

David  he  was  an  aghful  man, 
Ful  right  wisli  he  regnd  than, 

MS.  Cott.  Vespas.  A.  iii.  f.  44. 

AGHLICH.    Fearfnl;  dreadful.    (A^S.)  \ 

Ther  hales  in  at  the  halle-dor  an  aghtich  mayster, 
On  the  most  on  the  molde  on  mesure  hygh, 

Syr  Gawayne,  p.  8. 
AGHT.     (1)  Anything.   (A.-S.) 

Whan  aght  was  do  a3ens  hys  wylle, 
He  cursed  Goddys  name  wyth  ylle. 

MS.  Bart.  1701,  f.  33. 

(2)  Owes ;  ought.     Cf.  Chester  Plays,  i.  233. 

I  was  noght  than  so  avese, 
Als  a  damysel  aght  to  be. 

Ytvaine  and  Gawin,  724. 
A,  Lord,  to  luf  the  eight  us  welle 
That  makes  thi  folk  thus  free. 

Towneley  Mysteries,  p.  59. 
Wele  aghte  inyne  herte  thane  to  be  his, 
For  he  es  that  frende  that  never  wille  faile. 

MS.  Lincoln  A.  i.  17,  f.  21.9. 

(3)  Possessions;  property.     See  the  Towneley 
Mysteries,  p.  11.    (A.-S.) 

And  ox,  or  hors,  or  other  agttt. 

MS.  Cott    Vespas.  A.  iii.  f.  38. 
Or  make  hym  lese  hys  wurlrily  aghte, 
Or  frendys  also  to  be  unsaghte. 

MS.  Harl  1701,  f.  28. 

(4)  Possesses.     (4.-S.) 

The  roan  that  this  pitt  aght, 
O  the  beist  sal  yeild  the  pris. 

MS.  Cott.  Vespas.  A,  iii.  f.  38. 

(5)  The  eighth. 

The  aght  es  a  maister  of  lare, 

May  bete  a  clerk.       MS.  Cott.  Galba,  E.  ix.  f.  70. 

(6)  Eight.      Cf.  Towneley  Mysteries,  p.   13  ; 
Ywaine  and  Gawin,  1438. 

And  also  he  wrate  unto  thame,,  that  thay  scholde 
make  grete  solempnytee  lastyng  e  fhte  dayes,  because 
of  the  weddynge  of  Alexander. 

MS.  Li  xoln  A.  1. 17,  f.  23. 

AGHTAND.    The  eighth. 

Do  y6ur  knave  barns  to  cf  :cumce& 
The  aghtand  dai  that  thai  are  born, 

MS.  Cott.  Vespas.  A.  iii.  f.  16. 
Seven  dais  sal  wit  thair  mcders  duell, 
The  aghtan  sal  thai  offerd  be.  Ibid.  f.  38. 


AGHTELD.    Intended.     (4.-S.) 

The  knight  said,  May  I  traist  in  the 
For  to  tel  my  prevet6 

That  I  have  aghteld  for  to  do.     Sevyn  Sage.8,  3063. 
And  Alexander  went  into  a  temple  of  Apollo, 
whare  als  he  aghteled  to  hafe  made  sacrifice,  and 
hafe  hadd  ansuere  of  that  godd  of  certane  thynges 
that  he  walde hafe  aschede.     MS.  Lino.  A.  i.  17,  f.  11 . 
For  ur  Lord  had  aghteld  yete, 
A  child  to  rais  of  his  oxspring. 

MS.  Cott.  respas.  A.  iii.  f.  8. 

AGHTENE.    Eight. 

Thes  are  the  aghtme  vices  to  knowe, 
In  which  men  falleth  that  are  slowe. 

MS.  Bodl.  48,  f.  140. 
AGILE  R.     A  spy.     This  is  Skinner's  explana- 
tion of  the  word,  but  it  is  probably  founded  on 
a  mistaken  reading  in  one  of  Chaucer's  ballads. 
AGILITE.    Agile. 

If  it  be,  as  I  have  sayd,  moderately  taken  after 
some  weightie  businesse,  to  make  one  more  fresh  e 
and  ngilite  to  prosecute  his  good  and  godly  affaires, 
and  Uwfullbusinesse,  I  sayeto  youagaine,  hemaye 
lawfullye  doe  it. 

Northbronke's  Treatise  against  Dicing,  p.  53 

AGILT.     Offended.    Cf.  Arch.xxi.  72.     (A.-S.) 
Ye  wite  wel  that  Tirri  that  is  here 
Hath  agilt  the  douk  Loere. 

Cry  of  Warwike,  p.  -202. 
He  agilte  her  nere  in  othir  case, 
Lo  here  all  wholly  his  trespase. 

Rom.  of  the  Rose,  5833. 
AGIN.     (1)  As  if.     Yorteh. 
Against.    East. 
Again.     Var.  dial. 
To  begin.     See  Agynne. 

The  child  -was  don  the  prisoun  in : 
The  maister  his  tale  he  gan  agin, 

The  Sevyn  Sages,  1410. 
AGIPE.    A  coat  full  of  plaits.     Coles. 
AGISTMENT.    (1)  The  feeding  of  cattle  in  a 
common  pasture,  for  a  stipulated  price.    The 
agistment  of  a  horse  for  the  summer  cost  3s.  4^. 
in  1531.    See  the  Rnchale  Charters,  p.  417. 
(2)    An  embankment;    earth  heaped  up.    In 
marshy  counties,  where  the  tenants  are  bound 
to  make  and  keep  up  a  certain  portion  of  dyke, 
bank,  or  dam,  in  order  to  fence  out  a  stream, 
such  "bank  is  called  an  agistment. 
AGITABLE.    Easily  agitated. 

Suche  is  the  mutacyon  of  the  common  people, 
lyke  a  rede  wyth  every  wind  is  agitable  and  flexible. 
Hall,  Edward  IF.  f.23. 
A-GLEED.     Started  up. 

When  the  body  ded  ryse,  a  grymly  gost  a~gleed. 

Lydgate's  Minor  Poems,  p.  116.  > 

AGLER.  A  needle-case.  It  is  the  translation 
of  acuar  in  MS.  Lansd.  560,  f.  45,  a  list  of 
words  written  in  Lancashire  in  the  fifteenth 
century. 

AGLET.  The  tag  of  a  lace,  or  of  the  points  for- 
merly used  in  dress,  and  which  was  often  cut 
into  the  shape  of  little  images.  A  little  plate 
of  any  metal  was  called  an  aglet  Cf.  Coventry 
Mysteries,  p.  241 ;  Spanish  Tragedy,  iv.  4 ; 
Cunningham's  Kevels  Accounts,  p.  42 ;  Baret's 
Alvearie,  in  Y.  Mr.  Way  tells  us  the  word  pro- 
perly denotes  the  tag,  but  is  often  used  to  sig- 
nify the  lace  to  which  it  was  attached.  See 


AGO 


32 


AGR 


Prompt.  Parv.  p.  8.  Mr.  Hartshorne,  Salop. 
Antiq.  p.  303,  says,  "a  spangle,  the  gold  or 
silver  tinsel  ornamenting  the  dress  of  a  show- 
man or  rope  dancer." 

AGLET-BABY.  A  diminutive  being,  not  exceed- 
ing in  size  ine  tag  of  a  point,  See  Taming  of 
the  Shrew,  i.  2. 

AGLETS.  The  catkins  of  the  hazel  are  called 
aglets  in  Gerard's  Herbal,  ed.  Johnson,  p.  1439. 
Kersey  gives  them  the  more  generic  interpre- 
tation of  anthera.  See  ffigins'  Nomenclator, 
p.  142. 

AGLOTYE.     To  glut;  to  satisfy. 
To  maken  with  papelotes 
To  aghfye  with  here  gurles 
That  greden  aftur  fode.     Piers  Ploughman,  p.  529. 
AGLUTTYD.    Choked. 

And  whan  she  is  waking,  she  assayeth  to  put  over 
at  thentring,  and  it  is  agtottyd  andkelyd  wyth  the 
glette  that  she  hath  engendered. 

Book  of  St.  dibanat  s3g.  C.  zi. 
AGLYFTE,    lightened. 
As  he  stode  so  sore  aglyfte, 
Hys  ryjt  hand  up  he  lyfte.    MS.  Sari,  1701,  f.  24. 
AGNAIL.    A  hang-nail,  either  on  the  finger  or 
toe.  Palsgrave  has  "  agnayle  upon  one's  too. 
Cf.   Cotgrave,  in  v.  Agassin;    Mono,  in  v. 
GUdndote;    Minsheu,  in  T.      In  MS.  Med. 
Line,  f,  300,  is  a  receipt  "for  agnayU  one 
mans  fete  or  womans."  (X.-&) 
AGNATION.    Kindred  by  the   father's   side. 

Minshew. 

AGNES-DAY.    On  the  eve  of  St.  Agnes  many 
divinations  were  practised  by  maids  to  discover 
their  future  husbands.  Aubrey,  p.  136,  directs 
that  "  on  St.  Agnes's  night  take  a  row  of  pins, 
and  pull  out  every  one,  one  after  another,  saying 
a  paternoster,  sticking  a  pin  in  your  sleeve,  and 
you  mil  dream  of  him  or  her  you  shall  marry." 
And  on  sweet  St.  Anna's  night, 
Feed  them  with  a  promised  sight  j 
Some  of  husbands,  some  of  lovers, 
Which  an  empty  dream  discovers, 

Ben  Jonson's  Satyr,  1603. 

Brand,  vrho  gives  these  lines  without  a  refer- 
ence, reads  "  St.  Agnes"  in  the  first  line,  which 
is,  I  believe,  Aubrey's  emendation.  Annes, 
or  Agnes,  was  a  virgin  who  refused  the  ad- 
dresses of  the  son  of  the  prefect  of  Rome,  as 
she  was,  she  said,  espoused  to  Christ.  See 
Becon's  "Works,  p.  139;  Keightley's  Fairy 
Mythology,  ii.  143. 

AGNITION.    An  acknowledgment.    Miege. 

AGNIZE.  To  acknowledge ;  to  confess.  See 
*  Othello,  i.  3 ;  Hawkins'  Engl.  Dram.  i.  258, 
268 ;  Wright's  Monastic  Letters,  p.  146. 

AGNOMINATE.  To  name ;  to  designate  from 
any  meritorious  action.  See  Locrine,  iii.  3. 
Minsheu  explains  agnomination  to  be  a  "sur- 
name that  one  cbtaineth  for  any  act,  also  the 
name  of  an  house  that  a  man  commeth  of." 

A-GfO.  (1)  Gone ;  passed  away.    Somerset. 

Of  feloni  hi  ne  taketh  hede, 
Al  thilk  trespas  is  a-go. 

Wrighfs  Pol-  Songs,  p.  197- 
To  mete  with  Cocke  they  asked  how  to  do, 
And  I  tolde  them  he  was  a-go. 

Cocke  Lorette*  Bote,  p.  14. 


(2)  To  go.     Cf.  MS.  Harl.  1701,  f.  4. 
Wolde  je  beleve  ray  vvrdys  as  y, 
Hyt  shulde  a-go  and  sokun  ky. 

MS.  Bod!.  415. 

A-GOD-CHEELD.    God  shield  you!     Pegge. 
AGON.     Gone ;  past.    West.     Cf.  Harrowing  of 
Hell,  p.  15  ;  Wright's  Political  Songs,  p.  149 ; 
Hardyng's  Chronicle,  f.  123 ;  Chaucer,  Cant.  T, 
2338  ;  Constitutions  of  Masonry,  p.  24. 
Of  bras,  of  silver,  and  of  golde, 
The  world  is  passid  and  agone. 

Gower,  MS.  Soc.  Antiq.  134,  f.  3& 
Go  and  loke  wele  to  that  stone, 
Tyll  the  thyrd  dey  be  agone. 

MS.  Ashmole  61,  f.  139. 

AGONE.    Ago.     Var.did. 

As,  a  whUe  ag-one,  they  made  me,  yea  me,  to  mia* 
take  an  honest  zealous  pursuivant  for  a  seminary. 

Barth.  Fair,  ii.  1. 
AGONJOUS.  Agonizing;  full  of  agony.  Fabian. 
AGONIST.  A  champion ;  a  prize-fighter.   Rider. 
AGONIZE.    To  fight  in  the  ring.    Minsheu. 
A-GONNE.    To  go. 

Syr  Key  arose  uppon  the  morrowne, 
And  toke  his  hors,  and  wol<Je  a-gonne. 

Syr  Gawayne,  p.  201. 

AGOO.    (1)  Ago*  since.    Dorset. 

(2)  Gone.    Somerset. 

Evyr  leve  in  shame,  and  that  is  al  my  woo, 
Parewele,  Fortune  I  my  joye  is  al  agooi 

"Lyfigate'a  Minor  Poems,  p.  44. 

AGOOD.    In  good  earnest ;  heartily. 

The  world  laughed  a^florf  at  these  jests,  though,  to 
say  sooth,  shee  could  hardly  afford  it,  for  feare  of 
writhing  her  sweet  favour. 

Arnim's  Nest  of  Ninnies,  1608, 
AGOHE.     Gory? 

And  of  his  hauberk  ag»re, 

And  of  his  aketoun  a  fot  and  more. 

Arthour  and  Merlin,  p.  237. 

A-GOTH.    Passes  away. 

Be  the  lef,  other  be  the  loth, 

This  worldes  wele  al  a-goth,      Reliq.  Antiq.  i.  100. 

AGBADE.    To  be  pleased  with.     See  Florio, 

in  v.  Gradire. 

AGEAMEDE.    Angered.    (d.-S.) 
Lybeauua  was  sore  aschaircd, 
And  yn  hys  herte  agramefc, 
For  he  hadde  y-lore  hys  swordp. 

Li/beaux  DiscomiSt  3916. 

AGRASTE.  Showed  grace  and  favour.  Spenser. 

AGKAUNTE.     Satiated  with.    (^,-M) 
Thoghe  every  day  a  man  hyt  haunte, 
Jyt  wyl  no  man  DO  hyt  agraunte. 

US.  Rodl,  41fi. 

AGKAYDE.    To  dress,  to  decorate. 

Thyn  halle  agi-ayde^  and  hele  the  walle* 
With  clodes,  and  wyth  ryche  palleis.     Ixztm/a/,  901 
AGRAZING.    "  To  send  agrazing,"  seems  to  be 
a  phrase  applied  to  the  dismissal  of  a  servant. 
See  Cotgrave,  in  v.  Envoyer. 
AGEi.    (1)  In  good  part;  kindly.  (-rf,-M) 
Whom  I  nu  foumip  froward,  ne  fell. 
But  toke  agrt  all  whole  my  plaie. 

jRont.  oftJteKone,  4349. 
(2)  Kind.   (A.-N.) 

Be  meroyf  ulle,  agr&,  talte  parte,  and  sumwhat  pardoone, 

Disdeyne  nott  to  hi-lp  us,  kepe  you  frome  dJ&cenrioune. 

MS,  Harl.  75%),  f.  35. 


AGR 


33 


AGCJ 


(3)  To  please.     Some  editions  read  angre  in  the 
following  passage  : 
If  harme  agre  me,  wherto  plaine  I  thenne. 

Troilus  and  Creseide,  i,  410. 

AGREABILITE.      Easiness  of  temper;    equa- 
nimity.    See  Urry's  Chaucer,  p.  369, 
ACREAGE.    To  allege. 

Neither  dyd  I  ever  put  in  question  yf  I  shoulde 
doe  you  right,  as  you  appeare  to  agreage,  but  onlye 
what  was  the  ordyuarye  judgement. 

Egerton  Papers,  p.  i 

AGREAT.  Altogether.    To  take  a  work  agreat, 

is  to  take  the  whole  work  altogether  at  a  price. 

See  Baret's  Alvearie,  and  Blount's  Glosso- 

graphia,  in  v. 

AGREEABLE.   Assenting  to  any  proposal.   Var. 

dial. 

AGREEABLY.  In  an  uniform  manner ;  perfectly 
alike. 

At  last  he  met  two  knights  to  him  unknowne, 
The  which  were  armed  both  agreeably. 

Faerie  Queene,  VI.  vii.  3. 

A-GREF.    In  grief.  Cf-  Rom,  of  the  Rose,  7573. 

He  dasscheth  forth  overward, 
Theo  othres  comen  afterward : 
He  soughte  his  knyghtis  in  meschef, 
He  tok  hit  in  heorte  a-gref. 

Kyng-  Alisaunder,  3785. 
And,  nece  mine,  ne  take  it  nat  a-grefe. 

Ti'oilus  and  Cre&eide,  zii.  864. 
Madame,  takes  not  a-greoe 
A  thyng  that  y  yow  say.        Sir  Degrevant,  467. 
AGREG.     To  augment ;  to  aggravate. 
And  some  tonges  venemous  of  nature, 
Whan  they  perceyve  that  a  prince  is  reeved, 
To  agreg  hys  yre  do  their  busy  cure. 

Bochas,  b.  iii.  c.  20. 
Of  ravyne  and  of  sacrilege, 
"Whiche  maketh  the  conscience  agregge. 

Cower,  MS.  Soc.  Antiq,  134,  f.  175. 
That  ge  myjten  my  gref  thus  have  breggid, 
As  je  have  done,  so  sore  I  was  agreggid. 

Occleve,  MS.  ibid.  f.  234. 

AGRE  MED.    Vexed.   See  Agramede. 
Ac  the  douk  anon  up  stert, 
As  he  that  was  agremed  in  hert. 

Gy  of  Wanvike,  p.  84. 
AGRESSE.     To  approach.   (Lat.) 
Beholde,  I  see  him  now  agresset 
And  enter  into  place. 

H.awJdns's  Engl.  Dram,  i  258. 
A-GRET.     In  sorrow.  (^.-51) 
And  giflf  je  holde  us  a-gret, 
Shall  I  never  ete  mete.       Sir  Degrevant,  1769, 
AGRETHED.    Dressed ;  prepared.   (^.-£) 
Clothed  ful  komly  for  ani  kud  kinges  sone, 
Tn  gode  clothes  of  gold  agrethed  ful  riche. 

William  and  the  Werwolf,  p.  3. 

AGREVE.     To  grieve  any  one;  to  vex.     Cf. 
Wright's  Monastic  Letters,  pp.  188, 189 ;  Har- 
dyng's  Chronicle,  f.  102  ;  Holinshed,  Hist,  of 
Ireland,  p.  80 ;  The  Basyn,  xvii. ;  Gy  of  War- 
wike,  pp.  295,  318 ;  Coventry  Mysteries,  p. 
41 ;  Morte  d'Arthur,  i.  9,  377 ;  Hartshorne's 
Met.  Tales,  p.  J89  ;  Arch.  xxi.  71. 
Syr  Befyse  therof  was  agrevyd, 
And  as  swythe  smote  of  his  hedd. 

MS.  Cantab.  Ff.  ii.  38,  f.  123. 
He  was  agrevyd  and  uye  owte  of  wyt.     Ibid.  f.  247. 


AGRIOT.     A  tart  cherry.    Howell 
AGRIPPA.    Apparently  the  name  of  a  herb.  It 
is  mentioned  in  a  recipe  for  the  stone  in  MS 
Line.  Med.  f.  298. 

AGRISE.  To  terrify ;  to  disfigure ;  to  he  terri- 
fied. It  is  hoth  an  active  and  a  neuter  verb. 
Cf.  Brit.  Bibl.  i.  304 ;  Cov.  Myst.  p,  331 ;  Gy 
of  Warwike,  p.  245:  Florio*  in  v.  Legdre; 
Plowman's  Tale,  2300 ;  Troilus  and  Creseide, 
ii.  1435. 

Other  bringe  him  in  such  turmentes 
That  he  ther-of  ag~yse. 

MS.  ColL  Trin.  Qxon.  57. 
Thys  man  for  fere  wax  sore  agrysyn, 
He  spak  whan  he  was  rysyn.  MS.  Bodl.  425. 

In  the  ende  of  hervyst  wynde  shalle  rise, 
And  whete  shalle  in  the  felde  agrise. 

MS.  Cantab.  Ff.  v.  48,  f.  77. 

AGROMED.  Angered.  (^.-£) 

The  kyng  wes  ful  sore  agromed, 
Ant  of  ys  wordes  suithe  aschomed. 

Chronicle  of  England,  803, 

AGROPE.    To  grope ;  to  search  out. 
For  who  so  wele  it  wel  agrope, 
To  hem  bilongeth  alle  Europe. 

Gowert  MS.  Soc.  Antiq.  134,  f.  173. 
In  love  agropeth  oute  the  sore.         Ibid.  f.  144. 
AGROS.   Shuddered ;  trembled  j  was  affrighted. 
Cf.  Sevyn  Sages,    886;   Kyng  Horn,  1326; 
Troilus  and  Creseide,   ii.   930;  Legende  of 
Thisbe  of  Babylon,  125. 

The  wif  agj-os  of  this  answere, 

And  seyd,  have  thou  no  power  me  to  dere? 

Arthour  and  Merlin,  p.  39 
Gii  with  spors  smot  the  stede, 
As  a  man  that  hadde  nede, 
That  fire  under  the  fet  aros ; 
Nas  iher  non  that  him  agi-os. 

Gy  of  Warwike,  p.  49. 
Strife  and  chest  ther  aroSj 
Moni  knijt  therof  agros. 

MS.  Cantab.  Ff.  v.  48,  f.  106. 
AGROTID.     Cloyed ;  surfeited. 

But  I  am  all  agrotfdhere  beforne 

To  write  of  hem  that  in  love  ben  forsworne. 

Urry's  Chaucer,  p.  356* 
Gorges  agroteied  enbossed  their  entrayle. 

Bochas,  b.  v.  c.  20. 
AGROTONE.    To  surfeit  with  meat  or  drink. 
Prompt.  Parv.  The  same  work  gives  the  sub- 
stantive agrotonynge. 
AGROUND.    To  the  ground. 

And  how  she  fel  flat  dovrne  before  his  feete  aground. 
Romeus  and  Juliet,  1562. 

AGRUDGE.  Palsgrave  has  "  I  agrudge,  I  am. 
agreved,  je  suis  grev^." 

AGRUM.  A  disease  of  hawks,  for  which  a  re- 
ceipt is  given  in  the  Book  of  St.  Alban's,  sig. 
C.  ii. 

AGRYM.  Algorism;  arithmetic.  Palsgrave  is 
the  authority  for  this  form  of  the  word,  "  to 
count  by  cyfers  of  affrym" 

AGUE.   (1)  Awry;  obliquely -.askew.    North. 

(2)  Swelling  and  inflammation  from  taMng  cold. 
East.  Shakespeare  has  agued  in  the  sense  of 
chilly.  See  Coriolamis,  i.  4.  In  Norfolk  an 
ague  in  the  face  is  said  to  be  invariably  cured 
by  an  unguent  made  of  the  leaves  of  elder, 
called  ague-ointment. 

3 


AHT  3 

AGUE-TREE.    The  sassafras.     Gerard. 
AGUILER,    A  needle-case.    (A.-N.) 

A  silvtr  nedil  forth  I  drowe, 
Out  of  aguiltir  queint  i-iiowe, 
And  gan  this  nedill  threde  anone. 

Rum.  ofthg  Rose,  90. 

AGTJISE.  To  put  on ;  to  dress  ;  to  adorn.  Spen- 
ser. More,  as  quoted  by  Richardson,  uses  it 
as  a  substantive. 

AGULT.  To  be  guilty ;  to  offend ;  to  fail  in 
duty  towards  any  one ;  to  sin  against.  Cf. 
Piers  Ploughman,  pp.  273,  518,  561 ;  Rob. 
Glouc.  gloss,  in  v.  (A.-S.') 

Thanne  Lucifer  a-gulte  in  that  tyde, 
And  alle  tfiat  helden  -with  hym  in  pride, 
Crist  on  hyrn  vengeaunce  gan  take, 
So  that  alle  they  by-coraen  develes  Wake. 

MS.  Douce  23G,  f.  19. 

AGWAIN.   Going.  Somerset.  The  same  county 

has  agwon  for  gone. 
AGYE.  (1)  Aside;  askew.    North. 
(2)  To  guide ;  to  direct ;  to  govern. 

Syr  Launfal  schud  be  stward  of  hatle, 

For  to  ague  hys  gestes  alle.  Lnwiful,  623, 

AGYNNE.  To  begin.  Cf.  Kitson's  Anc.  S.  p.  20. 
Thou  wendest  that  ich  wrohte 
That  y  tier  ne  thohte, 
By  Rymenild  forte  lygge, 
Y-wys  ich  hit  withsugge, 
Ne  shal  ich  ner  agynne 
Er  ich  Sudenne  wynne.  KyngHorn,  1385, 

AH.  (1)  I.     Yortsh. 

(2)  Yes.    Derlysk. 

A-HA"NG.    Hanged;  been  hanged.  Rob.  Glouc. 

AH-BUT.  A  negative,  for  "nay, but."  Var.dial. 

A-HEIGHT.     On  High. 

From  the  dread  summit  of  this  chalky  bourn 
Look  up  a-heiqht ,-  the  shrill-gorg'd  lark  so  far 
Cannot  be  seen  or  heard,    Do  but  loolc  up. 

Ring  Lear,  iv.  6. 

A-HERE.    To  hear. 

Of  oon  the  best  ye  mowne  a-hers; 
That  hyght  Ottovyan,  Octovian,  23. 

A-HIGH-LONE.    A  phrase  used  by  Middleton, 
i.  262,  apparently  meaning  quite  alone.     See 
also  another  instance  in  Mr.  Dyce's  note  on 
the  above  place. 
AHINT.    Behind.     North. 
A-HI3T.    Was  called.    (d^S.) 

That  amiabul  maide  Absaundrlne  u-hty. 

Witt,  and  the  Werwolf t  p.  22. 
A-HOIGHT.    Elevated;  in  good  spirits.     See 
Cotgrsve,  in  v.  Cheual,  Gogue ;  Florio,  in  v. 
In-tresea. 

A-HOLD.  To  lay  a  ship  a-hotil,  to  stay  her  or 
place  her  so  that  she  may  hold  or  keep  to  the 
-wind.  See  the  Tempest,  i.  1,  as  explained  by 
Eichardson,  in  v. 

AHORSE.    On  horseback.    North.    It  also  oc- 
curs in  Robert  of  Gloucester.     See  Hearne's 
Gloss,  in  v. 
AHTE.  (1)  Eight. 
Ahte  moneth,  ant  dawes  thre, 
In  Engelond  king  wes  he.     Chron.  of  England,  1019. 
(2)  Possessions  ;  property.  Cf.  "W,  Mapes,  p.  348. 
Ah  I  feyre  thinges,  frcoly  bore ! 
When  me  on  wovveth,  beth  war  bifore 
Whuch  Is  worldes  ahte.    Wright's  Lynn  Pttciryt  p.  46. 


AIL 

(3)  Ought.     Percy. 
AHUH.    Awry ;  aslant.     Var<  dial 
A-HUNGRY.     Hungry,     S/iak. 
AHY.     Aloud. 

But  for  she  spate  ever  vyleyny 
Among  here  felaws  al  ahy.    MS.  Hart.  1701,  f.  ii 
AHYGH.     On  high. 

And  owt  of  the  loiid  no  nnyghte  schyp  go, 
Bote  bytweone  roches  two, 
So  aliygfi  so  any  mon.  myghte  seone, 
That  two  mylewas  bytweone.  Kif!:gsllisann(te>',6-236, 
One  is  hchippe  that  saileth  in  the  see, 
A  egle  ahy^e,  a  worme  in  lowe. 

MS.  Eib.  Rfg.  18  A.  x.  f.  119. 

AH3E.    Fear. 

Than  it  spac  Olibrious, 
Hath  schenon  ah^e  ,• 
Alle  the  paines  je  hir  do, 
Hir  thenke  it  bot  plawe.          Leg.  Cathy!.?.  88. 
AID.     In   Staffordshire,  a  vein  of  ore  going 
downwards  out  of  the  perpendicular  line,  is 
called  an  aid.    In  Shropshire,  a  deep  gutter 
cut  across  ploughed  land,  and  a  reach  in  the 
river,  are  also  called  aids. 
AIDLE.    To  addle ;  to  earn.    Worth. 
AIE.    An  egg. 

And  for  the  titlung  of  a  ducke, 
Or  of  an  apple,  or  an  aic.      Un-y's  Chaucer,  p.  185. 
AIELS.     Forefathers.    (A.-N.} 
To  gyve  from  yourc  hcires 

That  you  re  aielt,  yow  lefle.    Pier*  Plmtghnvw,  p.  314. 
AIER-DEW.    Manna,    See  Higins's  Adaptation 

of  Junius's  Nomeuclator,  p.  106, 
AIESE.     Pleasure  ;  recreation. 

Then  seide  the  jurrour,  Syne  I  may  »ot  by  it,  Icte 
it  me  to  fotmc.  He  seidc,  Sir,  I  wil  nether  selle  it, 
ne  lete  it  to  forme,  for  the  aieac  that  it  dothe  me. 

Gcsta  Rotn&nonun,  p.  435. 

AIG.  (1)  A  haw.     Lane. 

(2)  Sourness.     North. 

AIGHENDALE.    A  measure  in  Lancashire  con- 

taming  seven  quarts.     Ask. 
A1GHS.    An  axe.     Lane. 
A.IGHT.    Ought ;  owed.    Yorfah. 
AIGHTEDEN.    The  eighth. 

The  aighteden  dai,  ich  mosclve, 

So  the  ax  pelt  in  the  helve, 

That  schal  hewe  the  wal  atwo 

That  had  vrrout  me  this  wo.       ftwyn  Sagp/t,  3",i. 

AIGLE.  A  spangle ;  the  gold  or  silver  tinsel 
ornamenting  the  dress  of  a  showman  or  rope- 
dancer.  Salop. 

AIGRE.    Sour;  acid.     Yorfah. 

AIGREEN.    The  house-leek.     Kcr^y. 

AIGULET.  The  clasp  of  a  buckle.  "Atytelet  to 
fasten  a  elaspe  in."— Palsgrave,  f.  17.  Spenser 
has  aygvlet*  in  the  Faerie  Queene,  II.  iii,  26. 

AIK.    An  oak.    North 

AIL.  To  be  indisposed,  Far,  dmL  Gill  gives 
ail  as  the  Lincolnshire  pronunciation  of  f  will, 
See  Guest's  English  Rhythms,  ii.  205. 

AILCY.    Alice.    North. 

AILE.  (1)  A  writ  that  Heth  where  the  grand- 
father, or  great-grandfather  \vas  seised  in  his 
demaines  as  of  fee,  of  any  land  or  tenement  in 
fee  simple,  the  day  that  he  died,  and  a  stranger 
abateth  or  entreth  the  same  day  and  dispos- 
sesseth  the  heir.  Cawett. 


AIB  3 

(2)  A  wing,  or  any  part  of  a  building  flanking 
another.     The  term  is  usually  applied  to  the 
passages  of  a  church,  and  it  seems  necessary  to 
call  attention  to  the  technical  meaning  of  the 
word.     See  Britfcon's  Arch.  Diet,  in  v. 

AILED.    Depressed.    (^.-£) 

Schent  war  tho  schrewes, 

And  ailed  unsele, 
For  at  the  Nevil^cros 

Nedes  bud  tham  knele.      Minot's  Poems,  p.  41. 

AILE TTE S.     Small  plates  of  steel  placed  on  the 

shoulders  in  ancient  armour,  invented  in  the 

reign  of  Edward  I.  SeeArch.  xvii.  300,  xix.  137. 

AILS.    Beards  of  barley.    Essex.     Hollyband 

has,    "the  cites  or  beard  upon  the  eare  of 

corne." 

AILSE,    Alice.     North. 
AIM.  (1)  To  intend;  to  conjecture.     Yorftsh. 
Shakespeare  has  it  as  a  substantive  in  the  same 
sense  in  the  Two  Gent,  of  Verona,  iii.  1, 
(2J  To  aim  at.     Greene. 

(3)  "  To  give  aim,"  to  stand  -within  a  convenient 
distance  from  the  butts,  to  inform  the  archers 
how  near  their  arrows  fell  to  the  mark.    Me- 
taphorically, it  is  equivalent  to,  to  direct.    See 
Collier's  Shakespeare,  i.  167 ;  Tarlton's  Jests, 
p.  24 ;  True  Tragedie  of  Richard  the  Third, 
p.  27. 

(4)  "  To  cry  aim,"  in  archery,  to  encourage  the 
archers  by  crving  out  aim,  when  they  were 
about  to  shoot.    Hence  it  came  to  be  used  for, 
to  applaud,  to  encourage,  in  a  general  sense. 
See  King  John,  ii.  1.    A  person  so  employed 
was  called  an  aim-crier,  a  word  which  is  meta- 
phorically used  for  an  abettor,  or  encourager. 
See  Nares,  in  v. 

AIN.  (1)  Own.    North. 
(2)  Eyes. 

Than  was  Sir  Amis  glad  and  fain ; 
For  joie  he  wepe  with  his  ain. 

Amis  and  Amilwn,  2138. 
AINCE.     Once.     North. 
AINOGE.    Anew.    Rob.  Glouc. 
AINT.    To  anoint.    It  is  figuratively  used  to  de- 
note a  beating.    Suffolk. 
AIR.  (1)  Early. 

I  griev'd  you  never  in  all  my  life, 

Neither  by  late  or  <&£»•/ 
You  have  great  sin  if  you  would  slay 

A  silly  poor  beggar.  Robin  Hood,  i.  107. 

(2)  An  heir.  Cf.  Kyng  AHsaunder,  7 63;  Minot's 
Poems,  p.  14. 

Than  was  his  fader,  sothe  to  say, 

Ded  and  bind  in  the  clay; 

His  air  was  Sir  Gioun.    Gy  of  Warwifa,  p.  267. 

(3)  Appearance.    "  The  air  of  one's  face.  Sym- 
metria  qutedam  lineamentorum  vultus." — Skin- 
ner. 

(4)  Previously  ;  before.     See  Are. 

AIRE.     An  aerie  of  hawks.     Miege.    Howell 
terms  a  well-conditioned  hawk,   "  one  of  a 
good  aire" 
AlftEN.    Eggs. 

Another  folk  there  is  next,  as  nogges  crepeth ; 
After  crabben  and  aircn  hy  skippen  and  lepeth. 

?>',  4943, 


AIX 

AIE.LING.    A  light  airy  person ;  a  coxcomb. 
Some  more  there  be,  slight  airlines,  will  be  won 


A  TTo  *  °™n<      **»*   *•  3. 

AIRMS.    Arms.    North. 

AIRN.  (1)  Iron.  Burns  uses  this  TO>rd,  and  it 
also  occurs  in  Maundevile's  Travels.  See  Glos- 
sary, in  v. 

(2)  To  earn.   Wilts. 

AIRT.    A  point  of  the  compass.    North. 

AIRTH.    Afraid.    North. 

AIRTHIUL.    Tearful.    North. 

AIRY.  An  aiery ;  an  eagle's  nest.  See  this  form 
of  the  word  in  Massinger's  Maid  of  Honour,  i. 
2.  It  is  also  used  for  the  brood  of  young  in 
the  nest.  ° 

AIS.    Ease. 

Whanne  the  gestes  weren  at  ais, 
Thai  wenten  hora.  fram  his  paleis. 

The  Sevyn  Scigea,   1869. 

AISE.    Axweed.    SMnner. 
AISH.     Stubble.  Hants. 
AISIELICHE.    Easily, 

And  to>  the  contreye  that  je  beoz  of 

Seththe  ye  schullen  i-wencle, 
Withoute  travail  al  aitieliche, 
Andthareowrelifende.  MS.  Laud.  108.  /.  106 

AISILYHE.    Vinegar. 

And  in  mi  mete  thai  gaf  galle  tole, 

And  mi  thrist  with  aisilyhe  diank  thai  me. 

MS.  Sodl.  425,  f  35. 
AISLICHE.    Fearfully.     (^.-&) 
There  I  auntrede  me  in, 

And  aisliche  I  seyde.     Piers  Ploughman,  p.  4?1 
AISNECIA.    Primogeniture.     SMnner. 
AIST.    Thou  wilt.    Line. 
AISTRE.    A  house.    This  \vord  is  in  common 
use  in  Staffordshire,  Shropshire,  and  some 
other  counties,  for  the  fire-place,  the  hack  of 
the  fire,  or  the  fire  itself;  but  formerly  it  was 
used  to  denote  the  house,  or  some  particular 
part  of  the  house,  chambers,  or  apartments. 
AISYLL.   Vinegar.    Minsheu. 
AIT.   A  little  island  in  a  river  where  osiers  grow. 

See  the  Times,  Aug.  20,  1844,  p.  6. 
AITCH.    An  ach,  or  pain ;  a  paroxysm  in  an  in- 
termitting disorder.     Var.  dial    See  a  note 
on   this  pronunciation  of  ache  in  BoswelTa 
Malone,  vii.  99. 

AITCH-BONE.    The  edge-bone.     Var.  dial. 
AITCHORNING.    Acorning;  gathering  acorns. 

Chesh. 

AITH.    An  oath.    North. 
AITHE.    Swearing.    (^..£) 

Pride,  wrathe,  and  glotonie, 
Mthet  sleuthe,  and  lecherie. 

Arthmr  and  Merlin f  p.  31. 

AITHER,   (1)   Either.    North.     Some  of  the 
provincial  glossaries  explain  it,  atsof  each. 
Chese  on  aitiw  hand, 
Whether  the  lever  ware 
Sink  or  stille  stande.  Sir  Titetrem,?.  154, 

(2)  A  ploughing.    North. 
AI-TO.    Always.    So  explained  in  the  glossary 
to  the  Apology  for  Lollard  Doctrines,  attri- 
buted to  Widdiffe,  in  v. 
AITS.    Oats.    North. 
AIXES.    An  ague.    North. 


ARE 


36 


AKN 


AIYAH.  The  fat  about  the  kidney  of  veal  or 
mutton.  Suffolk. 

AJAX.  Pronounced  with  tlie  second  syUable 
long.  A  silly  quibble  between  this  word  and 
a  j0£eswasnot  uncommon  among  Elizabethan 
writers ;  and  Shakespeare  alludes  to  it  in  tins 
way  in  Love's  Labours  Lost,  v.  2.  Sir  John 
Harrington  "was  the  principal  mover  in  this 
joke.  See  an  apposite  quotation  in  Donee  s 
Illustrations,  i.  245. 

A  JEE.    Awry  ;  uneven ;    Var.  dial 

AJORNED.    Adjourned. 

He  ajomed  tham  to  relie  in  the  North  at  Carlele. 

Lang-toffs  Chronicle,  p.  309. 

AJUGGEDE.     Judged. 

The  gentileste  jowelle,  a-juggede  with  lordes, 
Fro  Geene  unto  Gerone,  by  Jhesu  of  hevene. 

Morte  Arthur e,  MS,  Lincoln,  f.  62, 

AJUST.     To  adjust. 

For  whan  tyme  is,  I  shal  move  and  a-just  soon 
thinges  that  percen  hem  ful  depe. 

TJn-y's  Chaucer,  p.  36y. 

AK.    But.  (A.-S.) 

AK  loke  that  we  never  more 
Nego  sette  in  trew  lore. 

Wight's  Pot.  Sotifj},  p.  211. 

AKALE.    Cold.  (A.-S.)   See  Acale. 

That  night  he  sat  wel  sore  abate, 
And  his  wif  lai  warme  a-bedde. 

S%oyn  Sages,  1512. 
AKARD.    Awkward.    North. 
AKCORN.  An  acorn.    Cf.  Florio,  in  v.  AciUne; 
Urry's  Chaucer,  p.  364,  spelt  akekorne.  (A.-S.) 
He  clambe  hye  upon  a  tree, 
And  aJccorns  for  hungur  ete  he, 

MS.  Cantab.  Ff.  ii.  3S,  f   131. 

AKE.  An  oak.  Ake~appittes  are  mentioned  in 
MS.  Lincoln.  Med.  f.  285. 

Tak  everferne  that  grewes  on  the  «&«?,  and  tak 
the  rotes  in  Aveiell*  and  wasche  hit  wtle. 

Beliq,  Antiq.  J.  52. 
It  was  dole  to  see 
Sir  Eglamour  undir  ane  ake, 
Tilleon  the  morae  that  hegunne  wake. 

MS.  Lincoln  A-  i.  17,  f-  140. 
AKEDOUN.    The  acton,  q.  v. 

Through  brunny  and  scheld,  to  the  akedoitn, 
He  to-barst  atwo  his  tronchon. 

Kyng  dlisaunder,  2153. 

AKELDE.    Cooled.    (J.-S,) 

The  kyng  hyre  fader  was  old  man ,  and   drou  to 

feblesse,  [destresse, 

And  the  anguysse  of  hys  dojter  hym  dude  more 

And  aJcelde  hym  wel  the  more,  so  that  feble  he  was. 

Rob*  Glmtc.  p.  442. 

AKELE.    To  cool.    (A.-S) 

And  tai^te,  yf  love  be  to  hot, 
lu  what  maner  it  schulde  akele. 

Gower,  MS*  Soc.  Antlq.  134,  f,  120. 
IsTym  jeme  that  the  fury  coles 

Moche  a-Tceteth  me, 
And  sholle  into  the  stronge  pyne 
Of  helle  Ijiynge  the. 

MS.  Coil,  Trin.  Qxon.  5f. 

4.KENNYNGE.  Reconnoitring ;  discovering. 
(4..S.) 

At  the  othir  side  a1tf>nnynge> 
They  sy#h  Darle  the  kyn.jr. 

Kypg  An$aundGrt  3463. 


AKER.  (1)  Sir  F.  Madden,  glossaiy  to  Syr 
Gawayne,  conjectures  this  to  be  an  error,  for 
ucTi  a,  each,  every.  See  p.  53.  Its  meaning 
seems  rather  to  be  either.  It  may  be  an  error 
for  aither,  or  other. 

(2)  The  expression  "  Jialseaker"  occurs  in  Gam. 
mer  Gurton's  Needle,  i.  2,  but  is  conjectured 
to  be  an  ej*ror  for  "  balse  anker,"  or  Chaise 
anchor.    The  halse,  or  halser,  was  a  particular 
land  of  cable. 

(3)  An  acre ;  a  field ;  a  measure  of  length. 

The  Frenschemon  thai  made  reculle 

Wel  an  alters  lengthc.       MS.  Ashmolti  33,  f.  13. 

AKEK-LOND.     Cultivated  land.     (Dut.) 

In  thilke  time,  in  al  this  londe, 
On  aker-Zond  ther  nes  y-ioundc. 

Cfn-on.  (jf  England,  16. 

AKEE-MAN.  A  husbandman.   See  the  Nomen- 
clator,  1585,  p.  513  ;  and  Florio,  in  v.  Arattire. 
Ake  afar -men  wcrcn  in  the  feld, 
That  wereu  of  him  i-war. 

MS.  Land.  108,  f.  1G8. 

AKETHER.     Indeed.     Dwon.     In  the  Exmoor 
Scolding,  p.  4,  we  are  told  it  means,  "  quoth 
he,  or  quoth  her." 
AKEYERED.    Recovered. 

Sche  akeMrfd  parmafay, 
And  was  y-led  in  liter. 

drthour  and  Merlin  ^  8.">jO. 

AKEWARD.    Wrongly. 

Thus  us«  men  a  ncwe  gette, 
And  this  world  akeward  sette. 

MS.  dshmole  41,  f.  18. 

AKNAWE.    On  Imees ;  kneeling. 

And  made  mony  hnyglit  (iftnairc, 
On  mcdcwe,  in  fold,  di-'d  by3;iue. 

K;/nff  Ali  aunflfir,  3540. 

A-KNAWE.  To  know ;  to  acknowledge  ;  known  ; 
acknowledged, 

Bot  ^if  y  do  hit  it  ben  ti-knntw, 
With  wild  hors  do  me  to-drawc. 

drttioitr  find  Afarlint  p.  42. 
And  seyd,  Thef,  thou  schnlt  be  slawe, 
Bot  thou  wilt  be  the  sothc  n/c»««?«, 
Where  thou  the  coupe  fond ! 

Amis  and  dmilonn,  2095. 
For  Jhosu  love,  y  pray  th^. 
That  died  on  the  rode  tre, 
Thi  ritjht  name  be  alrnawc. 

(3y  of  fVarwike,  p.  330. 
AKNAWENE.  Known. 

Bot  we  bescke  5^w  latez  u*  paat  and  we  schalle 
mak  (tknrtwene  untllJc  hym  jour  grott1  glory,  jtiur 
ryaltee  and  $our  nublaye.  3IS>  Litiwln,  f.  8. 

AKNEN.    On  knees. 

The  Alhelbnw  astoiuute, 

Fel  akntn  to  grounde.  Kyng  Hw»»  340, 

Sire  Emtas  sat  adoun  rtfr«e; 

Loverd,  he  sede,  thin  ore, 

MS.  Mmole  43,  f.  17^- 
A-KNEWES.    On  knees. 

To-forn  him  a-knetoes  scho  ft'!. 

Jrthom-  and  $f«>'Hnt  p.  88 

AKNOWE.  Conscious  of.  Used  with  the  auxi- 
liary verb,  it  appears  to  signify,  to  acknow- 
ledge. Cf.  Gloss,  to  XJrry ;  Sevyn  Sages,  1054; 
Courte  of  Love,  1199 ;  Prompt.  Parv.  p.  280  5 
Suppl.  to  Hardyng,  f.  1 ;  Seven  Pen.  Psalms, 


ALA 


37 


ALA 


p.  22 ;  Gesta  Romanorum,  pp.  326,  360,  361, 
363  ;  MS.  Ashmole  59,  f.  130. 
And  he  wole  in  hys  laste  throwe, 
Sorow  for  hys  synne,  and  be  of  hyt  aTcnotve. 

MS.  Cantab.  Ff.  ii.  38,  f.  35. 
Be  than  aTenowen  to  me  openly, 
And  hide  it  noujt,  and  I  the  wil  releven. 

Boetius,  MS.  Soc.  Antiq.  134,  f.  287. 

I  and  my  wif  are  thyne  owen, 

That  are  we  wel  aknowen. 

Cursor  Mundi,  MS.  Coll.  Trin*  Cantab,  f.  20. 

A-KNOWE.    On  knee.    Cf.  K.  AHs.  3279. 

A-Ttnowe  he  sat,  and  seyd,  merci, 
Mine  owen  swerd  take,  belami. 

Arthour  and  Merlin  t  p.  358. 

AKSIS.    The  ague. 

I  lekyn  uche  a  synfui  soule  to  a  seke  man, 
That  is  y-schakyd  and  schent  with  the  aksis. 

Audelay's  Poems,  p.  47. 
AKSKED.    Asked. 

And  afterwardes  the  same  Prate  aJesTced  me  -what 
newes  I  hade  harde  of  Kynge  Edward,  and  I  an- 
bwered  hyme,  none  at  all.       Arch&olog-ia,  xxiii.  53. 
AKYR.     An  acorn. 

The  bores  fedyng  is  propreliche  y-cleped  akyr  of 
ookys  berynge  and  bukinast.  MS.  Bodl.  546. 

AL.   Will.    YorJcsh.    In  the  North,  we  have  the 
elliptical  form  a' I,  for  /  will,  and  in  other  coun- 
ties the  same  for  he  will. 
ALAAN.     Alone.     North.  \ 

•  the  alaan  j 

And  thy  Troyanes,  to  have  and  enhabite.  ' 

Hardyng's  Chronicle,  f.  14. 

ALABLASTER.  (1)  A  corrupt  pronunciation 
of  alabaster,  still  common,  and  also  an  archaism. 
S  ee  the  Monasticon,  iv.  542 ;  Wright's  Monastic 
Letters,  p.  268. 

(2)  An  arbalest. 

But  surely  they  wer  sore  assauted,  and  marvey- 

lously  hurte  with  the  shot  of  alablasters  and  crosse- 

howes,  but  they  defended  themselfes  so  manfully  that 

their  enemies  gat  small  advauntage  at  their  handes. 

Hall,  Henry  VI.  f.  21. 

ALABRE.    A  kind  of  fur. 

And  eke  his  cloke  with  alabre, 
And  the  knottes  of  golde. 

MS.  Rawl.  Poet.  137,  f.  25. 

ALACCHE.    To  fell.     (4.-N.) 

The  Frensche  laid  on  with  swerdis  brijt,  j 

And  laiden  doun  hur  fon, 
Alle  that  thai  than  alaccha  mijt; 

Ther  na  ascapeden  non.      MS.  Ashmvle  33,  f.  41, 
A-LADY.    Lady-day.     Suffolk. 
AL- ALONE.     Quite  alone. 

The  highe  God,  whan  he  had  Adam  maked, 
And  saw  him  al  alone  belly  naked. 

Chaucer,  Cant*  T.  9200 

ALAMIRE.    The  lowest  note  but  one  in  Guido 
Aretine's  scale  of  music.   See  Skelton's  Works, 
ii.  279. 
ALAND.     (1)  On  land;  to  land. 

Where,  as  ill  fortune  would,  the  Dane  with  fresh 

Was  lately  come  aland.  [supplies 

Drai/ton's  PoL  ed.  1753,  p.  903 

(2)  A  kind  of  bulldog.     In  Spanish  alano.     See 

Ducange,  in  v.  Alanus;  Chaucer,  Cant.T.  2150; 

Ellis's  Metr.  Rom.  ii.  359 ;  Warton's  Hist.  Engl. 

Poet.  ii.  145.    On  a  spare  leaf  in  MS.  Coll. 

Arm.  58,  is  written,  "  A  hunte  hath  caste  of  a 


cople  of  alowulysr    They  were  chiefly  used  for 
hunting  the  boar.      See  Strutt's  Sports  and 
Pastimes,  p.  19.    The  Maysire  of  the  Game, 
MS,  Bodl.  546,  c.  16,  divides  them  into  three 
kinds.     See  further  observations  on  them  in 
Sir  H.  Dryden's  notes  to  Twici. 
ALANE.    Alone.    North. 
ALANEWE.      New  ale;    ale  in  corns.     See 

Huloet's  Abcedarium,  1552,  in  v. 
ALANG.  Along.   North.    In  North  Hants  they 

say,  "  the  wind  is  all  down  alang." 
ALANGE.    Tedious  ;  irksome.    In  the  Prompt. 
Parv.  p.  9,  we  have  it  in  the  sense  of  strange, 
translated  by  extraneus,  exotious. 
In  time  of  winter  alange  it  Is ; 
The  foules  lesen  her  blis. 

Arthow  and  Merlin,  p.  156. 
The  leves  fallen  of  the  tre, 
Rein  alangeth  the  cuntre".  Ibid.  4212. 

ALANGENES.     Explained  by  Weber  "single 
life."    In  Prompt.  Parv.  p.  9,  strangeness. 
His  serjaunts  ofte  to  him  come, 
Aud  of  alangenes  him  undeniome, 
And  [bade]  him  take  a  wif  jolif, 
To  solace  with  his  olde  lif.       Sevyn  Sages,  3736. 
ALANTUM.    At  a  distance.    North.    Kennett, 
MS.  Lansd.  1033,  gives  the  examples,  "  I  saw 
himatfl&m^wn,"  and,  "I  saw  him  alanfum  off." 
ALAPT.  This  is  the  reading  of  one  of  the  quartos 
in  a  passage  in  King  Lear,  i.  4,  generally  read 
attastfd.   The  first  two  folios  read  at  task.    If 
the  word  be  correct,  it  probably  agrees  with 
the  context  if  explained  in  the  same  way  as 
attasWd ;  and  the  terra  alapat,  in  the  follow- 
ing passage,  seems  used  in  a  similar  sense.   All 
editors,  I  believe,  reject  alapt.    The  following 
work  is  erroneously  paged,  which  I  mention  in 
case  any  one  compares  the  original. 

And  because  the  seoet  and  privy  boosome  vices 
of  nature  are  most  offensive,  and  though  least  seene, 
yet  most  undermining  enemies,  you  must  redouble 
your  endeavor,  not  with  a  wand  to  alapat  and  strike 
them,  onely  as  lovers,  loath  to  hurt,  so  as  like  a  snake 
they  may  growe  together,  and  gette  greater  strength 
againe.  Melton's  Sire-fold  Politician,  p.  125. 

ALAR  AN.    A  kind  of  precious  stone. 
Here  cropyng  was  of  ryche  gold, 
Here  parrelle  alle  of  alaran  i 
Here  brydyll  was  of  reler  bolde, 

On  every  sicle  hangyd  bellys  then. 

MS.  Lansd.  762,  f.  24  = 
ALARGE.     To  enlarge.    Cf.  Gen.  ix.  27. 

God  alarge  Japheth,  and  dwelle  in  the  tabernaclis 
of  Sem,  and  Chanaan  be  the  sei  vaunt  of  hym. 

WicJeliffe,  MS.  Bodl.  277. 

ALARGID.    Bestowed;  given. 

Such  part  in  ther  nativitie 
Was  then  alargid  of  beautie. 

Chaucer's  Dreame*  156. 
ALARUM.  Rider  explains  alarum  to  be  a  "  watch- 
word showing  the  neernesse  of  the  enemies." 
The  term  occurs  constantly  in  the  stage  direc- 
tions of  old  plays. 

ALAS-A-DAY.  An  exclamation  of  pity.  Var.dial. 
ALAS-AT-E  VER.  An  exclamation  of  pity.  YorJcsh. 
ALASSN.     Lest.    Dorset. 
ALAST.     At  last;    lately.     Cf.  Ritbon's  Anc. 
Songs,  p.  9  ;  Ileliq.  Aiitiq.  ii.  217. 


ALB 


38 


ALC 


Whose  hath  eny  god,  hopeth  he  nout  to  holde, 
Bote  ever  the  levest  we  leoseth  alast. 

Wright's  Pol.  Songs,  p.  149. 

ALATE.  (1)  Lately.  Cf.  Percy's  Reliques,  p.  27  ; 
Wright's  Monastic  Letters,  p.  148. 

Thy  minde  is  perplexed  with  a  thousand  sundry 
passions,  alate  free,  and  now  fettered,  alate  swim- 
ming in  rest.  Greene's  Gwydonius>  1593. 
(2)  Let.    So  at  least  the  word  is  explained  in 

a  glossary  in  the  Archaeologia,  xxx.  403. 
ALATRATE.    To  growl ;  to  bark.    (Lett.) 

Let  Cerberus,  the  dog  of  hel,  alatrate  what  he 
liste  to  the  contrary. 

Stubbed  Anatomie  of  Abuses,  p.  179. 

ALAUND.  On  the  grass. 

Anone  to  forest  they  founde, 
Both  with  home  and  with  hound, 
To  breng  the  dere  to  the  grond 

Alaund  ther  they  lay.     Sir  Degrevant,  492. 

ALAWK.    Alack;  alas.    Suffolk 
ALAY.  (1)  To  mix ;  to  reduce  by  mixing.  Gene- 
rally applied  to  wines  and  liquors.  SeeThynne's 
Debate,  p.  59. 

(2)  A  term  in  hunting,  when  fresh  dogs  are  sent 
into  the  cry. 

With  greyhounds,  according  my  ladyes  bidding, 
I  made  the  alay  to  the  deere. 

Percy's  Faery  Pastor 'all ',  p.  J50. 
ALAYD.    Laid  low. 

Socoure  ows,  Darie  the  kyng  ! 
Bote  thou  do  us  socoure, 
Alayd  is,  Darie,  thyn  honoure  ! 

Kyvg  Aliaaunder,  2386. 

ALAYDE.    Applied. 

But  at  laste  kyng  Knowt  to  hym  alay&e 
These  wordes  there,  and  thus  to  hym  he  sayde. 

Hardyng's  Chronicle,  f.  119. 

ALAYNED.    Concealed. 

The  sowdan  sore  them  affrayned 

What  that  ther  names  were ; 
Rouland  saide,  and  noght  alayned, 
Syr  Roulande  and  sire  Oiyvere. 

MS.  Douce  175,  p.  37. 
ALB  ACORE.    A  land  of  fish.    (Fr.) 

The  afbacore  that  followeth  night  and  day 
The  flying  £Uh,  and  takes  them  for  his  prey. 

JBrit.  JSibL  ii.  482. 

ALBE.    (1)  Albeit ;  although. 

Albs  that  she  spake  hut  wordes  fewe, 
Withouten  speche  he  shall  the  treuthe  shewe. 

Lydgnte,  MS.  A&Umole  39,  f.  46. 
Jibe  that  he  dyed  in  wretchednes. 

Bochas,  b.  iv.  c.  13. 

(2)  A  long  white  linen  garment,  worn  by  Roman 
Catholic  priests.  See  Peter  Langtoft,  p.  319, 
and  gloss,  in  y. 

Mon  in  albe  other  cloth  whit, 

Of  joie  that  is  gret  delit.       Reliq.  dntiq.  i.  202. 

ALBESPYNE.    White-thorn. 

And  there  the  Jewes  scorned  him,  and  maden  him 
a  crowne  of  the  braunches  of  albespyne,  that  is  white 
thorn,  that  grew  in  that  same  gardyn,  and  setteu  it 
on  his  heved.  Mattndevile's  Ti-avels,  p.  13, 

ALBEWESE.    AH  over. 

Take  a  porcyown  of  fresche  chese, 

And  wynd  it  in  hony  albewese. 

jfrchceologia,  xxx.  355. 
ALBIAN.    An  old  term  for  that  variety  of  the 


human  species  now  called  the  Albino.  See  an 
epitaph  quoted  hy  Mr.  Hunter  in  his  additions 
to  Boucher,  in  Y. 

ALBIFICATION.  A  chemical  term  for  making 
white.  See  Ashinole's  Theat.  Chem.  Brit 
pp.  128,  168. 

Our  fourneis  eke  of  calcination, 
And  of  wateres  albifi cation. 

Chaucer,  Cant.  T.  16273. 

ALBLADE.     See  a  list  of  articles  in  Brit.  Bibl. 

ii.  397. 

ALBLAST.    An  instrument  for  shooting  arrows. 
Both  alblast  and  many  a  bow 
AVar  redy  railed  opon  a  row. 

Minofs  Poems,  p.  10. 
Alle  that  myghte  wapyns  here, 
Swerde,  alblastut,  schelde  or  spere. 

J/S.  Lincttin  A.  i.  17,  f.  115. 

ALBLASTERE.    A  crossbow-man.    Sometimes 
the  crossbow  itself. 
That  sauh  an  alblcistere ,-  a  quarelle  letc  he  flie. 

Langtoft,  p.  205, 
With  alblastres  and  with  stones, 
They  slowe  men,  and  braken  bones. 

Kyng  Alisaw\dcr>  1211. 

ALBRICIAS.    A  reward  or  gratuity  given  to 
one  that  brings  good  news.    (Span.) 
dlbiicias,  friend,  for  the  good  news  I  bring  you; 
All  has  fallen  out  as  well  as  we  could  wish.  i,Yv£r«,ii. 
ALBURN.    Auburn.   Skinner.    It  is  the  Italian 
aUbumno,  and  is  also  Anglicised  by  Florio, 
in  v. 

ALBYEN.  The  water,  &c.  •  The  meaning  of  the 
term  will  be  found  in  Ashinole's  Theat.  Chcm. 
Brit.  p.  164. 
ALBYN.    White. 

The  same  gate  or  tower  was  set  with  compassed 
images  of  auncient  prynccs,  as  Hercules,  Alexander 
and  other,  hyentrayled  woorke,rychely  lymncd  wyth 
golde  and  albyn  colours.  H«M,  Henry  VUL  f.  73, 
ALBYSI.  Scarcely.  The  MS.  in  the  Heralds' 
College  reads  "  urmethe." 
Tho  was  Breteyn  this  lond  of  Romayncs  almost  lere, 
Ac  albysi  were  yt  ten  jer,  ar  heo  here  ajeyn  were. 

Rob,  Glouc,  p.  81. 
ALCALY.    A  kind  of  salt. 

Sal  ttirtre,  alcaiy,  and  salt  preparat. 

Chaucer,  Cant.  T.  16278. 

ALCAMYNE.  A  mixed  metal.  Palsgrave  has 
this  form  of  the  word,  and  also  Pynscm's  edi- 
tion of  the  Prompt.  Parv.  Sec  that  work, 
p.  9;  Union  Inventories,  p.  20;  Skelton's 
Works,  ii.  54. 

ALCATOTE.    A  silly  fellow.    Devon.    In  the 

Exmoor  Courtship,  pp.  24,  28.  ii  is  spelt 

alJcitotle,  and  explained  in  the  glossary,  "  a 

silly  elf,  or  foolish  oaf." 

Why,  you  know  I  am  art  ignorant,  unable  trI0e  in 

such  business ;  an  oaf,  a  simple  akatate.,  an  innocent. 
Ford's  Work*,  ii.  212, 

ALCATRAS.    A  kind  of  sea-gull,    (ltd.} 

Ned  Gylraan  took  an  alcatragjt  on  the  fliayn  top- 
mast yerdj.  which  ys  a  foolyah  byrd,  but  good  lean 
rank  meat.  MS.  Mit,  5008. 

Most  like  to  that  sharp-sighted  ateatra*, 
That  beat*  the  air  above  the  liquid  glass. 

Werfca,  ed.  1748,  p.  40JT. 


ALD 


39 


ALD 


ALCE.    Also.     Sir  F.  Madden  marks  this  as  an 
irregular  form.    See  Ah. 
The  kyngkyssez  the  knyjt,  and  the  whene  alee, 
And  sythen.  mony  sylcer  knyst,  that  so;t  hym  to 
haylce.  Syr  Gawayne,  p.  91. 

ALCHEMY.  A  metal,  the  same  as  Alcamyne, 
q.T. 

Four  speedy  cherubims 

Put  to  their  mouths  the  sounding  alchemy. 

Paradise  Lost,  ii.  517. 

ALCHOCHODEN.     The  giver  of  life  and  years, 
the  planet  which  bears  rule  in  the  principal 
places  of  an  astrological  figure,  when  a  person 
is  born.     See  Albnmazar,  ii.  5, 
ALCONOMYE.    Alchemy. 

Of  thilke  elixir  whiche  men  calle 
Alconomye,  which  e  is  befalle 
Of  hem  that  whilom  weren  wise. 

Gotoer,  MS.  Sac*  Antiq.  134,  f .  120. 
ALD.  (1)  Old. 

Princes  and  pople,  aid  and  5ong, 
Al  that  spac  with  Duche  tung.  Minot'sPoenis^  p.  8* 
(2)  Hold. 

Thof  I  west  to  be  slayn, 
I  sal  never  aid  te  ogayrt. 

Guy  of  Warwick,  MiddleMll  MS, 
Curatus  resident  thai  schul  be, 
And  old  houshold  oponly. 

Au&elaifs  Poems,  p.  33. 
ALDAY.     Always.   (Dan,}     " 

They  can  afforce  them  alday,  men  may  see, 
By  singular  fredome  and  clominacion. 

Bochas,  b.  i.  c.  20. 

ALDER.  (1)  The  older. 

Tims  when,  the  aldw  hir  gati  forsake, 

The  yoiiger  toke  hir  to  his  rcul<e.  Sei<yn  Sages,  3729. 

(2)  According  to  Boucher,  this  is  "  a  common 
expression  hi  Somersetshire  for  cleaning  the 
alleys  in  a  potatoe  ground."     See  Qu.  Rev. 
Iv.  371. 

(3)  Of  all.    Generally  used  with  an  adjective  in 
the  superlative  degree.      See   the  instances 
under  alder  and  dither,  compounded  with 
other  words. 

Of  alle  kiuges  he  is  flour, 

That  suffred  deth  for  al  mankin ; 

He  is  our  older  Creatour  1    Leg,  Cathol,  p.  173. 

ALDER-BEST.    Best  of  all.   Cf.  Prompt.  Parv. 
pp.  9,  33  5  Gy  of  Warwyke,  p.  22 ;  Dreme  of 
Chaucer,  1279 ;  Skelton's  Works,  ii.  63. 
That  all  the  best  archers  of  the  north 

Sholde  come  upon  a  day, 
And  they  that  shoteth  aldtrbeat 

The  game  shall bere away.  Robin  Bood,i.  51. 
ALDERES.    Ancestors. 

Of  alderes,  of  atmes,  of  other  aventures. 

Syr  Gawayne,  p.  6. 

ALDER-FIRST.  The  first  of  all.  Cf.  Rom. 
of  the  Rose,  1000;  Troilus  and  Creseide, 
iii.  97. 

That  smertli  schal  smite  the  alderfrat  dint. 

Will,  and  the  Werwolf,  p.  321. 
The  SDudan  forthwith  aldvrfar&t   - 
On  the  Cristen  smot  wel  fast, 

Gy  of  Warwike,  p.  123. 

ALDER-FORMEST,    The  foremost  of  all.    Cf. 
EtHs's  Met,  Rom.  iii.  76, 
'William- and  themperour  wont  alderforrnwt. 

Wilt,  (tn<t  the  Werwolf,  f ,  176. 


ALDER-HIGHEST.    Highest  of  all. 

And  alder-highest  tooke  astronomye 
Albmuaatd  last  withe  her  of  sevyii, 
With  instrumentis  that  raught  up  into  hevyn. 
r  Lydgate's  Minor  Poems,  p.  11. 

ALDERKAR.  A  moist  boggy  place  where 
alders,  or  trees  of  that  Mnd  grow.  See  Prompt 
Parv.  pp.  9,  272.  In  the  former  place  it  is 
explained  locus  uti  aim  et  tales  arlores 
crescunt. 
ALDER-LAST.  Last  of  all. 

And  alder-last,  how  he  in  his  citee 
Was  by  the  sonne  slayne  of  TholomS. 

Rochas,  h.  v.  c.  4. 

ALDER-LEEFER.    Instances  of  this  compound 
in  the  comparative  degree  are  very  unusual. 
An  alder*leefer  swaine  I  weene, 
In  the  barge  there  was  not  seeno, 

Cobler  of  Canterburie,  1608,  stg.  E.  ii. 
ALDER-LEST.    Least  of  all. 

Love,  ayenst  the  whiche  who  so  defendith 
Himselvin  moste,  him  aldirlest  avalleth. 

Troilus  and  Creseide,  i.  605. 

ALDER-LIEFEST.  DeaicstofalL  This  com- 
pound was  occasionally  used  by  Elizabethan 
writers.  See  Collier's  Annals  of  the  Stage, 
i.  262 ;  2  Henry  VI.  i.  1 :  Troilus  and  Creseide* 
iii.  240. 

ALDERLINGS.  A  kind  of  fish,  mentioned  in 
Muifet's  Treatise  on  Food,  p.  175,  and  said  by 
him  to  he  betwixt  a  trout  and  a  gravling. 

ALDER-LOWEST.  Lowest  of  all.  See  a  gloss 
in  MS.  Egertoa  829,  f.  23,  and  Reliq.Antiq.  i.  7. 

ALDERMANRY.  "The  government  of  Stamford 
was  long  before  their  mitten  charter,  held  and 
used  amongst  themselves  by  an  ancient  pre- 
scription,  which  was  called  the  Aldermanry  of 
the  guild." — Butcher's  Stamford,  1717,  p.  15. 

ALDERMEN*.    Men  of  rank. 

Kny5tes  and  sqwyers  ther  schul  bo, 
And  other  aldermen3  as  je  schul  se. 

Cows*,  of  Masonry,  414* 

ALDER-MEST.  Greatest  of  all.  Cf.  Arthour 
and  Merlin,  p.  83  j  Legeudae  Catholics,  pp. 
170,  252. 

But  aldinnost  in  honour  out  of  dottte, 
Thei  had  a  relicke  hight  PaHadJon, 

TmiliH  and  Cresotde,  \.  152. 

ALDERNE.    The  elder  tree.     Goats  are  said  to 
love  alderne,  in  Topsell's  Hist,  of  Fotire-footed 
Beasts,  p.  240. 
ALDER-TRUEST.    Truest  of  all. 

First,  English  king,  I  humbly  do  request, 
That  by  your  means  our  princess  may  unite 
Her  love  unto  mine  aldertruest  love. 

Greene's  Wot-ks,  ii,  156, 

ALDER-WE  RST.    Worst  of  all. 

Ye  don  cms  alderwerst  to  specie, 
When  that  we  hau  mest  nede. 

Gy  of  Waricflse,  p.  128. 
ALDER- WISIST.    The  wisest  of  all. 
And  trulliche  it  sitte  well  to  be  so, 
For  aldvrwteist  ban  therwith  ben  ples€<L 

Trotiua  and  Creseide,  i.  247' 
ALDES.    Holds. 

For  whattt  myn  hert  is  so  h-ampered  an<!  aides  so 

nobul.  Win.  and  the  Werwolf,  p.  17. 

ALDO.    Although.    East. 


ALE  40 

AID  REN.    Elders. 

Thus  ferden  oure  aldren  bi  Noees  dawe, 
Of  mete  and  of  drinke  hi  fulden  here  mawe. 

MS.  Bodl.  652,  f.  1 , 

ALDRIAN.    A  star  on  the  neck  of  the  Hon. 

Phebus  hath  left  the  angle  meridional, 
And  yet  ascending  was  the  beste  real, 
The  gentil  Lion,  with  his  Adrian* 

Chaucer,  Cant.  T.  10579. 
ALDYN.     Holden;  indebted. 

Meche  he  je  aldyn  to  the  pore.     MS.  Douce  302,  f.  20. 
ALE.     (1)  A  rural  festival.    See  Ale-feast. 
And  all  the  neighbourhood,  from  old  records 
Of  antique  proverbs,  drawn  from  WMtsun  lords, 
And  their  authorities  at  wakes  and  ales. 

Ben  Jonson's  Tale  of  a  Tub,  pro!. 

(2)  An  ale-house.    This  is  an  unusual  meaning 
of  the  word.   See  Two  Gent,  of  Verona,  ii.  5  ; 
Greene's  Works,!.  116;  Davies's  York  Records, 
p.  140 ;  Lord  Cromwell,  iii.  1 ;  Piers  Plough- 
man, p.  101. 

When  thei  have  wroght  an  oure  ore  two, 
Anone  to  the  ate  thei  wylle  go. 

MS.  Ashmole  61,  f.  25. 

(3)  The  meaning  of  the  words  beer  and  ale  are 
the  reverse  in  different  counties.  Sir  R.  Baker's 
verses  on  hops  and  beer  are  clearly  erroneous, 
ale  and  beer  having  been  known  in  England  at 
a  very  early  period,  although  hops  were  a  later 
introduction.  See  Warner's  Antiq.  Culin.  p.  27. 
Sir  Thopas,  1. 13801,  swears  "on  ale  and  bred," 
though  this  oath  may  be  intended  in  ridicule. 
Ale  was  formerly  made  of  wheat,  barley,  and 
honey.  See  Index  to  Madox's  Exchequer,  in  v. 

(4.)  All. 

And  lafft  it  with  hem  in  raemore, 
And  to  ale  other  pristis  truly. 

Audelay's  Poems,  p.  69. 

ALEBERRY.  A  beverage  made  by  boiling  ale 
with  spice  and  sugar,  and  sops  of  bread.  It 
appears  from  Palsgrave  to  have  been  given  to 
invalids. 

They  would  taste  nothing,  no  not  so  much  as  a 
poor  ateberry*  for  the  comfort  of  their  heart. 

Becon's  Works,  p.  373. 
ALECCIOUN.    An  election. 

And  seyd,  made  is  this  ateccioun, 

The  king  of  heven  hath  chosen  5011  on. 

Le £ 'entice  Catholiceer  p.  63. 

Besechyng  you  therfore  to  help  to  the  resignacion 
therofj  and  the  kynges  lettre  to  the  byshop  of 
Lincoln  for  the  aleccion. 

Wrigfifs  Monastic  Letters,  p.  240. 
ALECIE.    Drunkenness  caused  by  ale. 

If  he  bad  arrested  a  mare  instead  of  a  horse,  it 
had  beene  a  slight  oversight ;  but  to  arrest  a  man, 
that  hath  no  likenesse  of  a  horse,  is  flat  lunasie,  or 
alecie.  Lyty's  Mother  JBomUe. 

ALECONNER.  According  to  Kersey,  "an  officer 
appointed  in.  every  court-leet  to  look  to  the 
assize  and  goodness  of  bread,  ale,  and  beer." 
Cf.  Middleton's  Works,  i.  174;  Harrison's 
Description  of  England,  p.  163. 

A  nose  he  had  that  gan  show 
What  liquor  he  loved  I  trow: 
For  he  had  before  long  seven  yeare, 
Beene  of  the  towne  the  ale-conner. 

Cflbler  of  Canterburie,  1608. 

ALECOST.    Costmary.    So  called,  because  it 


ALE 


was  frequently  put  into  ale,  being  an  aromatic 
bitter.   Gerard.  It  is  not  obsolete  in  the  North. 
ALED.     Suppressed.     (A.-S.) 

And  sayde,  Maumecet,  my  mate, 

Y-blessed  mote  thou  be, 
For  aled  tho-w  hast  inuche  debate 

Toward  thys  barnee.      MS.  Mhmole  33,  f.  1& 
ALED  GE  ME  NT.    Ease;  relief.    Skinner. 
ALE -DRAPER.     An  alehouse  keeper. 

So  that  nowe  hee  hath  lefts  brokery,   atid  is  be- 
come a  draper.     A  draper,  quoth  Freeman,  what 
draper,   of  woollin  or  Imncn  ?     No,  qd  he,  an  ale- 
draper,  wherein  he  hath  more  skil  then  in  the  other. 
Discoverie  of  t?ie  Knig?its  of  the  Poste,  1597. 

A-LEE.     On  the  lee. 

Than  lay  the  lordis  a-lee  with  laste  and  with  charge. 

Depaf.  of  Richard  1L  p.  29. 
ALEECHE,   Alike.    So  explained  by  Mr.  Collier 

in  a  note  to  Thynne's  Debate,  p.  20,  "  his  gayne 

by  us  is  not  akeche"    Perhaps  we  should  read 

a  leecTie,  i.  e.  not  worth  a  leech. 
ALEES.    Aloe  trees. 

Of  erberi  and  alecs, 

Of  alle  maner  of  trees.  Pisttil  of  Susan,  st.  i. 
ALE -FEAST.  A  festival  or  rneny-makiag,  at 
which  ale  appears  to  have  been  the  predomi- 
nant liquor.  See  an  enumeration  of  them  in 
Harrison's  Desc.  of  England,  p.  138 ;  Brand's 
Pop.  Antiq.  i.  158-9,  and  the  account  of  the 
Whitsun-ale,  in  v.  A  merry  meeting  at  which 
ale  was  generally  drunk,  often  took  place  after 
the  representation  of  an  old  mystery,  as  in  a 
curious  prologue  to  one  of  the  fifteenth  century 
in  MS.  Tanner  407,  f.  44. 
ALEFT.  Lifted. 

Ac  tho  thai  come  thlder  eft, 
Her  werk  was  al  up  (deft. 

drthvur  and  Merlin,  p.  22. 
A-LEFT.     On  the  left. 

For  a-left  half  and  a  right, 

He  leyd  on  and  slough  down-right. 

jtlrthuur  and  filer lint  p.  182. 

ALE  GAK.  Ale  or  beer  which  has  passed  through 
the  acetous  fermentation,  and  is  used  in  the 
North  as  a  cheap  substitute  for  vinegar.    It  is 
an  old  word.     See  the  Forme  of  Cury,  p.  5G. 
ALEGE.    To  alleviate,    0/.-Ar.) 

But  if  thei  have  sonic  privilege, 
That  of  the  paine  horn  woll  ategi*. 

Rttm.  af  the  tfntt,  662ft, 

ALE GEANCE.  Alleviation.  (^.-M)  "Mteffyance, 
or  softynge  of  dysese,  aUeviacio"  —  Prompt. 
Parv.  p.  9.  Cf-  Chaucer's  Dreame,  1 C88. 

The  twelfed  artecle  es  enoyntynge,  that  mene 
enoyntes  the  seke  in  pcrelle  of  dede  for  attfffanrt!  of 
body  and  saule.  MS.  Lincoln*  A,  I  17.  f.  202. 

ALEGGEN,      To  allege.    (4.-N.)    Sec  Piers 
Ploughman,  p.  207 ;  Flor.  and  Blanch.  692 ; 
GestaRomanorum,p.48;  Rob.  Olouc.  p.  422. 
Thus  endis  Kyng  Arthure,  us  atictors  a'efg** 
That  was  of  Ectores  blude,  the  kynge  aone  of 
Troye.  MS.  Lincoln,  A.  i.  17»  f.  SB- 

ALEGGYD.    Alleviated.    See  Atege. 
Peraventureje  Tuay  be  alegfntdt 
And  sun  of  joure  sorow  abreggyd. 

MS.  Oarl.  1701,  f.  IS. 

ALEHOOFE.  Ground  ivy.  According  to  Gerard, 
it  was  used  in  the  making  of  ale.  See  Prompt, 
Parv,  p.  250. 


ALE 


41 


ALE 


ALEICHE.    Alike;  equally. 

Laye  fourth  iche  man  ateicTis 
What  he  hath  lefte  of  his  livereye. 

Chester  Plays,  i.  122. 
ALEIDE.    Abolished ;  put  down. 

Thes  among  the  puple  he  put  to  the  reaume, 
Meide  alle  luther  lawes  that  long  hadde  ben  used. 

,  WHl.  and  the  Werwolf*  p.  188. 
Do  nom  also  ich  have  the  seid, 
And  alle  thre  sulen  ben  aleid. 

MS.  Digly  86,  f.  126. 

ALE-IN-CORNES.     New  ale.     See  Huloet's 
Abcedarium,  1552,  in  v. 

I  will  make  the  drincke  worse  than  good  ale  in 
the  comes.  Tfiersytes,  p.  56. 

ALEIS.     (1)  Alas !     North. 

(2)  Aloes. 

Cherise,  of  whiehe  many  one  faine  is, 
Notis,  and  (this,  and  bolas. 

Rom.  of  the  Rose,  1377. 

(3)  Alleys. 

Alle  the  aleis  were  made  playne  with  sond. 

MS.  Harl.  116,  f.  147- 

ALEIYED.    Alleviated;  relieved.     Surrey. 
ALEKNIGHT.    A  frequenter  of  alehouses.   See 
Cotgrave,  in  v.  Beste;    Florio,  in  v.  Beone; 
Baret's  Alvearie,  in  v.  Ale  ;  Harrison's  Descr. 
of  Engl  p.  170. 
ALEMAYNE.     Germany. 

Upon  the  londe  of  Alemayne. 

Gawer,  ed.  1532,  f.  145. 
ALENDE.    Landed. 

At  what  haven  thai  alende, 
Ase  tit  agen  hem  we  scholle  wende 
With  hors  an  armes  brighte. 

Rembrun,  p.  428. 

ALENGE.    Grievous. 

Now  am  I  out  of  this  daunger  so  alenge, 
Wherefore  I  am  gladde  it  for  to  persever. 

Complaynte  of  them  that  ben  to  late  Maryed. 

ALEOND.    By  land. 

Warne  thow  every  porte  thatt  noo  schyppis  a-ryve, 
Nor  also  aleond  stranger  throg  my  realme  pas, 
But  the  for  there  truage  do  pay  markis  fyve. 

Sharp's  Cov.  Myst.  p.  99. 

ALE-POLE.    An  ale-stake,  q.  v. 
Another  brought  her  bedes 
Of  jet  or  of  cole, 
To  offer  to  the  ale-pale.    SSkeltorfa  Works,  i.  112. 

ALE-POST.    A  maypole.     West. 

ALES.   Alas!    SeetheLegendaeCatholic8e,p.5. 

ALESE.    To  loose ;  to  free.    (^.-5.) 

To  day  thou  salt  alesed  be.     MS.  Digby  86,  f.  120. 

ALE-SHOT.  The  keeping  of  an  alehouse  within 
a  forest  by  an  officer  of  the  same.  Phillips. 

ALE-SILVER.  A  rent  or  tribute  paid  yearly  to 
the  Lord  Mayor  of  London  by  those  who  sell 
ale  within  the  city.  Mieye. 

ALE-STAKE.  A  stake  set  up  before  an  alehouse, 
by  way  of  sign.  Speght  explained  it  a  maypole, 
and  hence  have  arisen  a  host  of  stupid  blun- 
ders ;  but  the  ale-stake  was  also  called  the 
maypole,  without  reference  to  the  festive  pole. 
See  Tarlton's  Newes  out  of  Purgatorie,  p.  56. 
Grose  gives  ale-post  as  a  term  for  a  maypole. 
See  his  Class.  Diet.  Yulg.  Song,  in  v.  and  supra. 
Palsgrave,  f.  17,  translates  it  by  "  le  moy  d'une 
taverne."  From  Dekker's  Wonderful  Yeare, 
1603,  quoted  by  Brand,  it  appears  that  a  bush 


•was  frequently  placed  at  the  top  of  the  ale- 
stake.  See  Bush.  Hence  may  be  explained 
the  lines  of  Chaucer : 

A  garlond  had  he  sette  upon  his  hede, 
As  gret  as  it  werin  for  an  ale-stake. 

Urrtfs  ed.  p.  6. 

"Which  have  been  erroneously  interpreted  in 
Warton's  Hist.  Engl.  Poet.  i.  56.  But  the 
bush  was  afterwards  less  naturally  applied,  for 
Kennett  tells  us  "  the  coronated  frame  of  wood 
hung  out  as  a  sign  at  taverns  is  called  a  fatsh" 
See  his  Glossary,  1816,  p.  35.  Cf.  Hawkins* 
Engl.  Dram.  i.  109  ;  Chaucer,  Cant.  T.  12255 ; 
Reliq.  Antiq.  i.  14 ;  Hampson's  Calend.  i.  281 ; 
Skelton's  Works,  i.  320. 

She  as  an  ale-stake  gay  and  fresh, 
Half  hir  body  she  had  away  e-giff. 

MS.  Laud.  416,  f.  56. 
For  lyke  as  thee  jolye  ale-house 

Is  alwayes  knowen  by  the  good  ate-$tak6t 
So  are  proude  jelots  sone  perceaved,  to, 
By  theyr  proude  foly,  and  wanton  gate. 

Bansley's  Treatise,  p.  4. 

ALESTALDER.    A  stallion.    East  Sussex. 
ALESTAN-BEARER.    A  pot-boy.    See  Higins' 

adaptation  oftheNomenclator,  p.  505. 
ALESTOND.    The  ale-house. 

Therefore  at  length  Sir  Jefferie  bethought  him  of 

a  feat  whereby  he  might  both  visit  the  atestond, 

and  also  keepe  his  othe.   Mar.  Prelate's  Epistle,  p.  54. 
ALE-STOOL.    The  stool  on  which  casks  of  ale 

or  beer  are  placed  in  the  cellar.    East. 
ALET.  (1)  A  kind  of  hawk.     Howel  says  it  is 

the  "  true  faucon  that  comes  from  Peru." 

(2)  A    small  plate   of    steel,    worn    on  the 
shoulder. 

An  alet  enamelde  he  oches  in  sonrtire. 

Morte  Arthu.-e,  MS.  Lincoln,  f.  80. 

(3)  Carved,  applied  to  partridges  and  pheasants. 
BoJce  of  Huntinge. 

ALEVEN.  Eleven.  Cf.  Haitian d's  Early  Printed 
Books  at  Lambeth,  p.  322;  Bale's  Kynge  Johan, 
p.  80 ;  Minsheu,  in  v. 

He  trips  about  with  sincopace, 

He  capers  very  quicke ; 
Full  trimly  there  of  seven  a/even, 
He  sheweth  a  pretty  trickc. 

Galfrido  and  Bernardo,  1570. 
I  have  had  therto  lechys  aleven, 
And  they  gave  me  medysins  alle. 

MS.  Cantab.  Ff.  i.  6,  f.  46. 

ALEW.    Halloo. 

Yet  did  she  not  lament  with  loude  alew, 
As  women  wont,  but  with  deepe  sighes  and  singulfs 
few.  Faerie  Queene>  V.  vi.  13. 

ALE-WIFE.  A  woman  who  keeps  an  ale-house. 
See  Tale  of  a  Tub,  iv.  2. 

ALEXANDER.  Great  parsley.  Said  by  Min- 
sheu to  be  named  from  Alexander,  its  pre- 
sumed discoverer. 

ALEXANDERJS-FOOT.    PelUtory.    Stumer. 

ALEXANDRYN.    Alexandrian  work,    . 

Syngly  was  she  wrappyd  perfay. 
With  a  mauntelle  of  hermyn, 
Coverid  was  with  Alexandryn. 

MS.  Rawl.  C.  86,  f.  121. 

ALEXCION.    Election. 

Be  al&ncion  of  the  lordys  free, 

The  erle  toke  they  thoo.  Erie  of  Toiw*,  1202, 


ALG 


42  ALI 


ALEYD.    Laid  down.    See  Aleide. 
Do  nou  ase  ichave  the  seyd, 
Ant  alle  thre  shule  ben  aleyd 
With,  huere  foule  crokes. 

Wrighfs  Lyric  Poetry,  p.  105, 
For  al  love,  leman,  sche  seyd, 
Lete  now  that  wille  "be  doun  aleyd. 

Legends  Catholicce,  p.  230, 

ALEYE.    An  alley.    (^.-JV.) 

An  homicide  therto  han  they  hired 
That  in  an  aleye  had  a  privee  place. 

Chaucer)  Cant.  T.  13498. 

ALEYN.    Alone. 

My  lemrnan  and  I  went  forth  aleyn. 

Guy  of  Warwick,  Middlehitt  MS. 
ALEYNE.   (1)   To  alienate. 

In  case  they  dyde  eyther  selle  or  aleyne  the  same 
or  ony  parte  therof,  that  the  same  Edwarde  shulde 
liave  yt  before  any  other  man. 

Wright's  Monastic  Letters,  p.  86. 

(2)  Laid  down.     So  explained  in  Urry's  MS. 
collections. 

ALF.   (1)    Half; part;  side. 

The  Btutons  to  helpe  her  alf,  vaste  aboute  were, 

Rob.  Glouc.  p.  212. 

(3)  An  elf;  a  devil. 

With  his  teth  he  con  hit  tug, 
And  alfe  Rofyn  begon  to  rug. 

MS.  Douce  302,  f.  11. 

ALFAREZ.  An  ensign.  (Span.)  The  term  is 
used  by  Ben  Jonson,  and  Beaumont  and 
Fletcher.  According-  to  Nares,  who  refers  to 
MS.  Harl.  6804,  the  word  was  in  use  in  our 
army  during  the  civil  wars  of  Charles  I.  It 
was  also  written  alferes. 
ALFEYNLY.  Slothfully;  sluggishly.  Prompt. 

Parv. 

ALFRIDAKIA.  A  term  in  the  old  judicial  as- 
trology, explained  by  Kersey  to  be  "  a  tempo- 
rary power  which  the  planets  have  over  the 
Hie  of  a  person." 

I'll  find  the  ciisp  and  alfridaria, 
And  know  what  planet  is  in  cazimi. 

Albumazar,  ii.  5. 

ALFYN.  (1)  So  spelt  by  Palsgrave,  f.  1 7,  and  also 
by  Caxton,  but  see  Aufyn.    The  alfyn  was  the 
bishop  at  chess.    Is  alfyns  in  Reliq.  Antiq.  i. 
83,  a  mistake  for  alkyns  ? 
(2)  A  lubberly  fellow;  a  sluggard. 

Now  certez,   sais  syr  Wawayne,  myche  wondyre 

have  I 

That  syche  an  alfyne  as  thow  dare  speke  syche 
wordez.  Morte  Arthurs,  MS.  Lincoln,  f.  67. 

ALGAROT.  A  chemical  preparation,  made  of 
butter  of  antimony,  diluted  in  a  large  quantity 
of  warm  water,  till  it  turn  to  a  white  powder. 


ALGATES.  Always ;  all  manner  of  ways ;  how- 
ever ;  at  all  events.  Still  in  use  in  the  North. 
It  is,  as  Skinner  observes,  a  compound  of  all 
and  gates,  or  ways.  (A.-S.)  Tooke's  etymo- 
logy is  wholly  inadmissible.  Cf.  Diversions 
of  Purley,  p^  94 ;  Chaucer,  Cant.  T.  7013  ; 
Thynne's  Debate,  p.  36. 

These  were  ther  uchou  algate, 

To  ordeyae  for  these  masonus  astate. 

Constitutions  qfMunmry,  p,  15. 


ALGE.    Altogether.     (4.-S.) 

Sche  muste  thenne  alge  fayle 
To  geten  him  whan  he  were  deed. 

Cower,  MS.  SM.  Antlq.  134,  f.  143. 

ALGERE.     A  spear  used  in  fishing.     It  is  the 
translation  of  fuscina  in  the  Canterbury  MS. 
of  the  Medulla.     See  a  note  in  Prompt.  Parv. 
p.  186. 
ALGIFE.     Although. 

Eche  man  may  sorow  in  his  inward  thought 
This  lordes  death,  whose  pere  is  hard  to  fynd, 
Mgife  Englond  and  Fraunce  were  thorow  saught. 
Skelton's  Works,  i.  13. 
ALGRADE.    A  kind  of  Spanish  wine. 
Both  algrade,  and  respice  eke. 

Sqmjr  of  Loive  Degre,  75(J. 
Osay,  and  algarde,  and  other  y-newe.. 

Atorte  Atthwet  318.  Lincoln,  f.  55. 

ALGRIM.    Arithmetic. 

The  name  of  this  craft  is  in  Latyn  algarsimm, 

and  in  Englis  algrim  f  and  it  is  namid  off  sllgux, 

that  is  to  say,  craft,  and  rismus,  that  is,  nounbre ; 

and  for  this  skille  it  is  called  craft  of  nounbringe. 

MS.  Cantab.  LI.  iv.  14. 

ALGUS.  A  philosopher  frequently  mentioned 
by  early  writers,  as  the  inventor  of  Algorism. 
According  to  MS.  Harl.  3742,  he  was  Icing  of 
Castile.  Cf.  MS.  Arundel  332,  f.  68. 

ALHAFTE.  See  a  list  of  articles  in  the  Brit. 
Bibl.  ii.  397. 

AL-HAL-DAY.  All-hallows  day,  Nov.  1st.  Caw. 

ALHALWE-MESSE.    All-hallows. 

The  moneth  of  Novembre,  after  .ilftttlifcnic^sc, 
That  wele  is  to  rcmcmbie,  com  kyng  William  alle 
fresse.  Pt:tr,-  Lanfftttft,  p   145. 

ALHALWEN-TYD.    The  feast  of  All-hallows. 

Men  shulle  fynde  but  fcwc  roo-bvikKys  whan  that 

they  be  passed  two  jeor  that  thci  no  h.ive  mt  wed  hure 

hecdjs  by  Alhalioentyd.  Mti.  Maul.  54fj, 

ALHIDADE.  A  rule  on  the  back  of  the  astro- 
labe,  to  measure  heights,  breadths,  and  depths. 
See  Blount's  Glossographia,  p.  18  ;  Cotgrave, 
iu  v.  Alidade. 

ALHOLDE.  "  Alholde,  or  Gobelyn"  i.s  mentioned 
in  an  extract  from  the  Dialogue  of  Dives  and 
Pauper,  in  Brand's  Pop.  Autui.  i.  3. 

AL-HOLLY.    Entirely. 

I  have  him  told  al  halt!/  min  estat. 

Clutuw,  Cant.  T.  7678. 

ALHONB.    Alone. 

tllhone  to  the  putte  he  hede.          Kelly.  Antiq.  ii.  27& 
ALIANT.    An  alien.    Hitler. 
ALIBER.    Bacchus ;  liher  pater. 
AH  be  i',  the  gtul  of  wyne. 
And  Hercules  of  kynne  thyne. 

Kyng  Aliaawidor,  2849. 

ALICANT.    A  Spanish  wine  made  at  ATicant, 
in  the  province  of  Valencia.     It  is  differently 
spelt  by  our  old  writers.  See  Tyiaon,  ed.  Dycc, 
p.  39  ;  Higins'  Juniua,  p.  91. 
Whan  he  had  dronke  ataunte 
Both  of  Teynt  and  of  wyne  dttcaunt, 
Till  he  was  drrnmke  as  any  «wyn»,  MS.  Kawt.  C .  86. 
AL1ED.    Anointed. 

He  tok  that  bloxle  that  was  » 
And  atied  that  ge»tU  Juiight. 

Amis  and  AmUQ*Wt 

ALIEN.    To  alienate.    Aom. 


ALK 


43 


ALL 


ALIEN-PRIORY.  A  priory  which  was  subordi- 
nate to  a  foreign  monastery.  See  Britton's 
Arch.  Diet,  in  v.  Priory, 
A-LIFE.  As  my  life  ;  excessively.  See  Win- 
ter's Tale,  iv.  3  ;  Bsaumont  and  Fletcher,  iv.  55. 
235,  309,  351. 

ALIPED.     Allowed.     SJcinner. 
ALIGHT.  (I)  Lighted ;  pitched. 

Opon  sir  Gy,  that  gentil  knight, 
Y-wis  mi  love  is  alle  alight. 

Gy  of  Warmke,  p.  270. 
(2)  To  light;  to  kindle.     Surrey. 
ALINLAZ.    Ananlace. 

Or  alinZazt  and  god  long  knif, 

That  als  he  lovede  leme  or  lif.  JBavclok,  2554. 

ALIRY.  Across.  (A.-S.)  MS.  Rawl.  Poet.  137, 
and  MS.  Douce  323,  read  tilery  ;  MS.  Douce 
104  has  olery;  and  MS.  Rawl.  Poet.  38  reads 
alyry. 

Somme  leide  hir  legges  aliry> 
As  swiche  losels  konneth, 
And  made  hir  nione  to  Piers, 
And  preide  hyra  of  grace. 

Pi e)s  Ploughman,  p.  124. 

ALISANDRE.  Alexandria.  Cf.  EUis's  Met, 
Rom.  ii.  36. 

At  Alisandre  he  was  whan  it  was  wonue. 

Chaitcer,  Cant.  T.5I. 

ALISAUNDRE.    The  herb  alexander,  q.  v. 
With  alisaundre  thare-to,  ache  ant  anys. 

Wright's  Lyric  Poetry,  p.  26. 

ALIJT.    Alighted ;  descended. 
And  deyde  two  hondred  jer, 

And  two  and  thretty  ri3t, 
After  that  oure  swete  Lord 

In  his  moder  ali^t.          MS.  Coll.  Trin.  Oxon.  57. 

ALKAKENGY.    The  periscaria.    See  Prompt. 

Parv.  p.  10;  Higins's  Junius,  p.  125. 
ALKANET.  The  wild  buglos.  See  the  account 
of  it  in  Gerard's  Herball,  ed.  Johnson,  p.  799. 
It  is  also  mentioned  in  an  ancient  receipt  in' 
the  Forme  of  Cury,  p.  29,  as  used  for  co- 
louring. 

ALKANI.    Tin.    Howell 
ALKE.     Ilk ;  each. 

Now.  sirris,  for  your  curtesy, 
Take  this  for  DO  vilany, 

But  alke  man  crye  50 w  * . .       The  Fee&t,  xvi. 
ALKENAMYE.    Alchemy.    (4.-N.) 
Yet  ar  ther  fibicches  in  forceres 
Of  fele  mennes  makyng, 
Experimentz  of  alkenamye 
The  peple  to  decey  ve-.    Piers  Ploughman,  p.  186. 
ALKE  RE.    In  the  Forme  of  Cury,  p.  120,  is 

given  a  receipt  "  for  to  make  rys  alkere" 
ALKES.    Elks. 

As  for  the  plowing  with  ures,  which  I  suppose  to  be 
unlikelie,  because  they  are  in  mine  opinion  untame- 
able,  and  alJces,  a  thing  comrnonlie  used  in  the  east 
countries.  Harrison's  Descr,  of  JZrtgland,  p.  226. 

ALKIN.    All  kinds. 

Dragouns  and  alkin  depenes, 

Fire,  hail,  snaweis.  MS.  Eodl.  425,  f.  92. 

For  to  destroy  flesly  delite, 

And  alkins  lust  of  lichery. 

MS.  Sari  4196,  f.  102. 
ALKITOTLE.     See  Alcatote. 
ALKONE.    Each  one. 


Then  Robyn  goes  to  Notyngham, 

Hymselfe  mornyng  allone, 
And  litulle  Johne  to  mery  Scherewcfte, 

The  pathes  he  knew  aVkone. 

MS.  Cantab.  Pf.  v.  48,  f,  125, 

ALKYMISTKE.    An  alchemist. 

And  whan  this  alkymistre  saw  his  time, 
Riseth  up,  sirepreest,  quod  he,  and  siondeth  by  me. 
Chaucer,  Cant.  T.  IG672 

ALL.  (1)  Although. 

All  tell  I  not  as  now  his  observances. 

Chaucer,  Cant.  T.  2266. 

(2)  Entirely.     Var.  dial    Spenser  has  it  in  the 
sense  of  exactly. 

(3)  "  For  all,"  in  spite  of.     Var  dial     "  I'll  do 
it  for  all  you  say  to  the  contrary." 

(4)  "All  that,"  until  that.     So  explained  by 
Weber,  in  gloss  to  Kyng  Alisaunder,  2145. 

(5)  "  For  good  and  all/'  entirely.    North. 

And  shipping  oars,  to  work  they  fall, 
Like  men  that  row'd  for  good  and  all. 

Cotton's  WorkSi  ed.  1734,  p.  127. 

(6)  Each.    Prompt.  Parv. 
ALL-A-BITS.    All  in  pieces.    North. 
ALL-ABO UT,   "  To  get  all  about  in  one's  head," 

to  become  light-headed.  Herefordsh.  \Ve 
have  also  "  that's  all  about  it,"  i.  e.  that  is  the 
whole  of  the  matter. 

ALL-ABROAD.   Squeezed  quite  flat.   Somerset. 
ALL-A-HOH.    All  on  one  side.     Wilts. 
ALL-ALONG.     Constantly,     Var.  dial     Ako 
"  All  along  of,"  or  "  All  along  on,"  entirely 
owing  to. 
ALL-AMANG.    Mingled,  as  when  two  flocks  of 

sheep  are  driven  together.     Wilts. 
ALL-AND-SOME.      Every   one;    everything; 
altogether. 

Thereof  spekys  the  apostell  John, 
In  his  gospcll  all  and  some. 

MS.  Artmole  61,  f.  83. 
We  are  betrayd  and  y  nome  ! 
Horse  and  harness,  lordsj  all  and  sr>me.' 

Richard  Coer  de  Lion,  2284, 
Thi  kyngdam  us  come, 
This  is  the  secunde  poynte  al  find  &omf> ! 

SIS.  Douce  m,  f.  33. 
ALLANE.    Alone. 

Hys  men  have  the  wey  tane ; 
In  the  forest  Gye  ys  alla^e. 

MS.  Cantab.  Ff.  ii.  38,  f.  174. 

ALL-AHMED.  An  epithet  applied  to  Cupid  in 
A  Mids.  Night's  Dream,  ii.  2,  unnecessarily 
altered  to  alarmed  by  some  editors*  as  if  the 
expression  meant  armed  aH  over,  whereas  it 
merely  enforces  the  word  armed.  The  ex- 
pression  is  used  by  Greene,  and  is  found  earlier 
in  the  Morte  d' Arthur,  i.  215. 

ALL-AS-IS.  "  All  as  is  to  me  is  this,"  L  e.  all 
I  have  to  say  about  it.  Herefordsh^ 

ALL-A-TAUNT-0.  Fully  rigged,  with  masts, 
yards,  &c.  A  sea  term. 

ALLAY.  According  to  Kersey,  to  allay  a  phea- 
sant is  to  cut  or  carve  it  up  at  table.  The  sub- 
stantive as  a  hunting  term  was  applied  to  the 
set  of  hounds  which  were  ahead  after  the  beast 
was  dislodged. 

ALLAYMENT.    That  which  has  the  power  of 


ALL 


44 


ALL 


allaying  or  abating  tlie  force  of  something 

else.    Shak. 

ALL-B'EASE.     Gently  ;  quietly.    Herefordsh, 
ALL-BEDENE.  Forthwith.    Cf.  Minot's  Poems, 

p.  34;  Havelok,  730,  2841;  Coventry  Mys- 

teries, p.  4  ;    Gloss,  to  Ritson's  Met.  Rom. 

p.  360. 

Thane  thay  sayde  al-bydene, 
Bathe  kynge  and  qwene, 
The  doghtty  knyght  in  the  grene 
Hase  wonnene  the  gree. 

Sir  Degrevante,  MS*  Lincoln. 
Whan  thai  were  wasshen  al-bedene, 
He  set  hym  downe  hem  betwene. 

MS.  Cantab.  Ft  V.48,f.l4. 
ALL-BE-THOUGH.     Albeit.     Skinner. 
ALLE.    Ale.      See  this  form  of  the  word  in 
Skelton's  Works,  i.  151;  The  Feest,  v.     It 
apparently  means  old  in  the  Towneley  Myste- 
ries, p.  101. 

ALLECT.      To  allure  ;  to  bring  together  ;  to 
collect.     (Lot.) 

I  beyng  by  your  noble  and  notable  qualities 
affected  and  encouraged,  raoste  hertely  require  your 
helne,  and  humbly  desyre  your  ayde. 

Hall's  Union,  1548,  Hen.  IF.  f.  27. 

ALLECTIVE.  Attraction;  allurement.    Seethe 
Brit.  Bibl.  iv.  390. 

For  what  better  allectiue  coulde  Satan  devise  to 
allure  and  bring  men  pleasantly  into  damnable  servi- 
tude. Northbrooke'3  Treatise,  1577- 

ALLECTUARY.    An  electuary. 

Alleetttary  arrectyd  to  redres 

These  feverous  axys.  Slcelton'n  War  fa,  i.  25. 
ALLEFEYNTE.  Slothful;  inactive.  Prompt.Parv. 
ALLEGATE.  (1)  To  allege.  See  Peele's  Works, 

iii.  68  3  Skelton's  Works,  i.  356. 
(2)  Always;  algate.    (4.-S.) 

Ac,  allegate,  thekynges 

Loseu  ten  ageyns  on  in  werrynges. 

KyngA<iMundert  6094. 

ALLEGE.    To  quote  ;  to  cite. 

And  for  he  wold  his  longe  tale  abrege, 
He  wolde  non  auctoritee  allege. 

Chaucer,  Cant.  T.  9532. 

ALLEGYAUNCE.     Citation  ;  the  act  of  quoting. 
Translated  by  allegacio,  in  Prompt.  Parv.  p.  9. 
ALLE-HALWEK    Allhallows. 

Here  fest  wol  be,  withoute  nay, 
After  Alld-halwen  the  eyght  day. 

Const,  of  JMCasowy,  p.  32. 

ALLE-HOOL.  Entirely;  exactly.  See  Beliq. 
Antiq.  i.  151  ;  Sir  H.  Dryden's  Twici,  p.  38. 
J.HQ  answers  to  omnino,  and  strictly  speaking, 
cannot  grammatically  be  used  in  composition. 
MS.  Lincoln  A.  i.  17,  f.  24.  See 


ALLELUYA.    The  wood-sorrel.     Gerard. 

ALLE-LYKELY.  In  like  manner.  Prompt.Parv. 

ALLEMAIGNE.  A  kind  of  solemn  music,  more 
generally  spelt  Almain,  q.v.  It  is  also  the 
name  of  several  dances,  the  new  allemaigne, 
the  old,  the  queen's  allemaigne,  all  of  which 
are  mentioned  in  MS.  Rawl.  Poet.  108,  and  the 
figures  given.  See  Brit.  Bibl.  it  164,  610. 

ALLEM  ASH-DAY.  Grose  says,  i.  e.  AUumage- 
dayr  the  day  on  which  the  Canterbury  silk- 
weavers  began  to  work  by  candle-light.  Kent. 


ALLEMAUNDIS.    Almonds. 

Therfore  Jacob  took  grete  5erdis  }f  popelers,  and 

ofattemaundis,  and  of  planes,  and  hi  party  dideawey 

the  rynde.  WieMffe,  MS.  Eodf.  277. 

ALLEN.  Grass  land  recently  broken  up.  Suffolk. 

Major  Moor  says,  "  unenclosed  land  that  has 

been  tilled  and  left  to  run  to  feed  for  sheep." 

ALLE-ONE.    Alone;  solitary. 

Alle-one  he  leved  that  drery  knyghte, 
And  sone  he  went  awaye. 

US.  Lincoln  A.  i.  17,  f.  100. 

ALLER.  (1)  An  alder  tree.  A  common  form  of  the 

word,  still  used  in  the  western  counties.     See 

Florio,  in  v.  AbiQf  Holinshed,  Hist.  Ireland, 

p.  1 78  ;  Gerard's  Herball,  ed.  Johnson,  p.  1460. 

(2)  Of  all.     It  is  the  gen.  pi. 

Adam  was  cure  atler  fader, 
And  Eve  was  of  hymselve. 

Piers  Ploughman,  p.  342. 
Than  thai  it  closed  and  gun  hyng 
Thaire  alter  seles  thareby .      MS.  CM.  Swn.  xviii.  (]. 
ALLER-FLOAT.     A  species  of  trout,  usually 
large  and  \vcll  grown,  frequenting  the  deep 
holes  of  retired  and  shady  brooks,  under  the 
roots  of  the  alter,  or  alder  tree.  North.    It  is 
also  called  the  aikr-trout. 
ALLER-FURST.     The  first  of  all. 

Tho,  a!l«r-fur#t>  he  undurstode 
That  he  wad  ryght  kyngis  blod. 

Kyng-  Atisaunder,  15(j!>. 
ALLER-MOST.    Most  of  all. 

To  wraththe  the  God  and  paicn   the  fend  hit 
serveth  allernmt.     Wright'*  Pol.  Songs,  p.  a;«j. 

ALLERNBATCH.    A  kind  of  botch  or  old  sore. 

Exmoor.    Apparently  connected  with  afters,  a 

Devonshire  word  for  an  acute  kind  of  boil  or 

carbuncle. 
ALLERONE.    Apparently  the  pinion  of  a  wing» 

in  the  following  passage.  Roquefort  hasalerivn, 

a  bii'd  of  prey. 

Tak  pympernolle,  and  stampc  it,  ami  take  the 

jeuse  therof,  and  do  therto  the  grcse  of  the  allerona 

of  the  gose-wenge,  and  drope  it  in  thync  eghne. 

MX.  Lincoln.  J/»-d.  f.  2^3. 

ALLES.    Very;  altogether;   all;    even.      Sec 
Eob.  Glouc.  p.  17;  llitson's  Ancient  Songs, 
p.  7  ;  Reliq.  Antiq.  ii.  170. 
ALLESAD.    Lost.    (4.-S.) 

Bisek  him  wij  milde  mod, 
That  for  ous  allasad  is  blod. 

MR.  Kgtrtan  C13,  f,  2. 

ALLE-SOLYNE-DAY.    All  Souls*  Day.     See 
MS.  Harl.  2391,  quoted  in  Hampson's  Kalen* 
darium,  ii.  11, 
ALLETHER.    Gen.  pi.  of  nil 

Than  doth  he  dye  for  cure  alltsther  good. 

Cw.  jKyti.  p*  14. 

ALLETHOW.    Although. 

Torrent  thether  toke  the  way, 
Werry  alkthow  he  were. 

Torrent  f)f  Portugal,  p   10, 

ALLETOGEDERS.    Altogether. 

Into  the  water  he  cast  his  shcld, 
Croke  and  alletogeden  it  hfkl. 

Torrent  of  Portugal,  p.  68, 

ALLEVE.    Eleven. 

Ethulfe  in  that  ilke  rnanere, 
Wonned  at  Rome  attevt  jere. 

JfiV.  Cantab.  Ft,  v,  48,  f.  99. 


ALL  < 

ALLEVENTHE.    The  eleventh. 

The  attewnffie  wyntur  was  witturly 
Ther  aftir,  as  telleth  us  me  to  dy. 

Cursor  Mundi,  MS.  Coll.  Trin.  Cantab,  f.  13. 

ALLE-WELDAND.    Omnipotent. 

That  I  before  Gode  alteweldand 
Weme  in  the  liht  of  livyand. 

MS.  Sodl.  425,  f.  27. 

ALLEY.    The  conclusion  of  a  game  at  football, 
•when  the  ball  has  passed  the  bounds.  YorkaJi. 
A  choice  taw,  made  of  alabaster,  is  so  called 
by  boys.     See  the  Pickwick  Papers,  p.  358, 
ALLEYDE.    Alleged. 

With  alle  hire  herte  sehe  him  preyde, 
And  many  another  cause  alley de, 
That  he  with  hire  at  horn  abide. 

Gawer,  MS.  Soc.  Antiq.  134,  f.  115. 
ALLE-3IF-    Although.  SzzAtte-hool. 
Y  wyl  make  jow  no  veyn  carpyng, 
Alle  jtf  hit  myjte  som  men  lyke. 

MS.  BodL  48,  f.  47, 

ALL-FOOLS-DAY.    The  first  of  April,  when  a 
custom  prevails  of  making  fools  of  people  by 
sending  them  on  ridiculous  errands,  &c.  whence 
the  above  name.    See  further  in  Brand's  Pop. 
Antiq.  i.  76.    The  custom  seems  to  have  been 
borrowed  by  us  from  the  French,  but  no  satis- 
factory account  of  its  origin  has  yet  been  given. 
ALL-POURS.    A  well-known  game  at  cards,  said 
by  Cotton,  in  the  Compleat  Gamester,  ed.  1709, 
p.  81,  to  be  "very  much  played  in  Kent." 
ALL-GOOD.     The  herb  good  Henry.     Gerard. 
ALLHALLOWN-SUMMEK.  Late  summer.   In 
1  Henry  IV.  i.  2,  it  simply  appears  to  mean  an 
old  man,  with  youthful  passions. 
ALTJ3 ALLOWS.  Satirically  written  by  Heywood 
as  a  single  saint.     See  Ms  play  of  the  Foure  PP, 
1569,  and  the  following  passage : 
Here  is  another  relyke,  eke  a  precyous  one, 
Of  Att-helowes  the  blessyd  jaw-bone, 
Which  relyke>  without  any  fayle, 
Agaynst  poyson  chefely  dothe  prevayle. 

Pardoner  and  the  Frere,  1533. 

ALL-HEAL.  The  herb  panax.  See  Gerard's 
Herball,  ed.  Johnson,  p.  1004;  Florio,  inv. 
Achilea. 

ALL-HID.  According  to  Nares,  the  game  of 
hide-and-seek.  It  is  supposed  to  be  alluded 
to  in  Hamlet,  iv.  2.  See  Hide-Fox.  It  is 
mentioned  by  Dekker,  as  quoted  by  Steevens ; 
but  Cotgrave  apparently  makes  it  synonymous 
with  Hoodman-blind,  in  v.  Clignemusset,  Cline- 
mucette.  Cotgrave  also  mentions  Harry-racket, 
which  is  the  game  of  hide-and-seek.  See 
Hoodman-blind.  "A  sport  calTd  all-Md,  which 
is  a  meere  children's  pastime,"  is  mentioned 
in  A  Curtaine  Lecture,  12mo,  Lond.  1637, 
p.  206.  See  also  Hawkins'  Engl.  Dram.  iii.  187; 
Apollo  Shroving,  1627,  p.  84. 

ALL-HOLLAND'S-DAY.  The  Hampshire  name 
for  All  Saints'  Day,  when  plum-cakes  are  made 
and  called  AU  Holland  cakes.  Middleton  uses 
the  word  twice  in  this  form.  See  his  "Works, 
ii.  283,  v.  282. 

ALLHOOVE.    Ground  ivy. 

ALLHOSE.  The  herb  horsehoof.  See  Florio, 
inv. 


ALL 

ALL-I-BITS.    All  in  pieces.    North. 

ALLICHOLLY.  Melancholy.  Shakespeare  uses 
this  word,  put  into  the  mouths  of  illiterate 
persons,  in  Two  Gent,  of  Verona,  iv.  2,  and 
Merry  Wives  of  Windsor,  i.  4.  See  Collier's 
Shakespeare,  i.  148,  197,  where  the  word  is 
spelt  two  different  ways. 

ALLICIATE.    To  attract.    (Lat.) 

Yea,  the  very  rage  of  humilitie,  though  it  be 
most  violent  and  dangerous,  yet  it  is  sooner  alhciateA 
by  ceremony  than  compelled  by  vertue  of  office. 

Brit.  Mbl.  ii.  1B6. 

ALLIENY.    An  alley ;  a  passage  in  a  building. 

See  Britton's  Arch.  Diet,  in  v.  Alley. 
ALLIGANT.    A  Spanish  wine.    See  Alicant. 
In  dreadful  darkenesse  Alligant  lies  drown'd, 
Which  marryed  men  invoke  for  procreation. 

Pasquifs  Patinodia,  1634. 

ALLIGARTA.  The  alligator.  Ben  Jonson  uses 
this  form  of  the  word  in  his  Bartholomew 
Fair,  ii.  1. 

ALL-IN-A-CHARM.    Talking  aloud.     Wilts. 
ALL-IN-ALL.  Everything.  Shakespeare  has  the 
phrase  in  a  well-known  passage,  Hamlet,  i.  2, 
and  several  other  places. 

In  London  she  buyes  her  head,  her  face,  her 
fashion.     O  London,  thou  art  her  Paradise,  her 
heaven,  her  all-in-all  I  Tufa  on  Painting,  1616,  p.6'0. 
Thou'rt  all  in  all,  and  all  in  ev'ry  part. 

Clobery's  Divine  Gtimpses,  p.  75. 
The  phrase  all  in  allwith,  meant  very  intimate 
or  familiar  with.     See  Ho  well's  Lexicon,  in  v. 
ALL-IN-A-MUGGLE.    All  in  a  litter.     Wilts. 
ALLINE.    Anally. 

"Wisdom  is  immortality's  alline, 
And  immortality  is  wisdom's  gain. 

Middletori'.i  Worts,  v.  394. 

ALLINGE.  Totally;  altogether.  (A.-S.)  Cf.Const. 
of  Masonry, p.  37 ;  Ritson's  Ancient  Songs, p.  7; 
Ilob.  Glouc.  p.  48 ;  Maundevile's Travels,  p.  189. 
For  hire  faired  and  hire  chere, 
Ich  hire  bou^te  allinge  so  dere. 

Ffor.  and  Blanch.  674. 
Ich  hote  that  thou  me  telle, 
Nouthe  thou  art  allingues  here, 

MS.  Laud.  108,  f.  127 

ALL-IN-ONE.    At  the  same  time. 

But  all  in  one  to  every  wight, 
There  was  sene  conning  with  estate. 

Chaucer's  Dreams,  670. 

ALL-IN-THE-AVELL.  A  juvenile  game  in 
Newcastle  and  the  neighbourhood.  A  circle  is 
made  about  eight  inches  in  diameter,  termed 
the  well,  in  the  centre  of  which  is  placed  a 
wooden  peg,  four  inches  long,  with  a  button 
balanced  on  the  top.  Those  desirous  of  playing 
give  "buttons,  marbles,  or  anything  else,  accord- 
ing to  agreement,  for  the  privilege  of  throwing 
a  short  stick,  with  which  they  are  furnished, 
at  the  peg.  Should  the  button  fly  out  of  the 
ring,  the  player  is  entitled  to  double  the  stipu- 
lated value  of  what  he  gives  for  the  stick.  The 
game  is  also  practised  at  the  Newcastle  races, 
and  other  places  of  amusement  in  the  north, 
with  three  pegs,  which  are  put  into  three  cir- 
cular holes,  made  in  the  ground,  about  two  feet 
apart,  and  forming  a  triangle.  In  this  case 
each  hole  contains  a  peg,  about  nine  inchei 


ALL 

long,  upon  which  are  deposited  either  a  small 
knife  or  some  copper.  The  person  playing 
gives  so  much  for  each  stick,  and  gets  all  the 
articles  that  are  thrown  off  so  as  to  fall  on  the 
outside  of  the  holes. 
ALLISON.  The  wood-rose.  So  at  least  Flor-io 

seems  to  understand  it,  in  v.  Alisso, 
ALL-LANG-QFF.   Entirely  owing  to.    North. 
That  I  have  no  childe  hidur  tille, 
Hit  is  al-longe-on  Goddes  wille. 

Cursor  Mundi,  MS.  Coll.  Trin.  Cantab,  f.  64. 
Therby  wist  thei  it  was  alle 
Longe  one  her,  and  not  one  Landavalle. 

MS.  Rawl.  C.  86,  f.  124. 

ALL-LOVE  S .  The  phrase  of  all  loves,  or  for  all 
loves,  i.  e.  by  all  means,  occurs  twice  in 
Shakespeare,  and  occasionally  in  contemporary 
writers.  The  earliest  instance  I  have  met  with 
is  in  the  romance  of  Ferumbras,  below  quoted. 
Other  examples  are  given  in  Boswell's  Malone, 
viii.  82  ;^and  Nares,  in  v.  Loves. 
And  saide  to  him  she  moste  go 

To  viseten  the  prisoueris  that  daye, 
And  said,  sir,  for  alle  loves, 

Lete  me  thy  prisoneres  seen ; 
I  wole  the  gife  both  golde  and  gloves, 

And  counsail  shalle  it  bene.  Middlehill  MS. 

Alack,  where  are  you?  speak,  an  if  you  hear  I 
Speak,  of  all  loves!  I  swoon  almost  with  fear. 

A  Wds.  Nlffhfa  Dream,  ii.  2 

ALL-MANNER-A-WOT.   Indiscriminate  abuse. 

Suffolk. 
ALLMEES.    Alms.    East  Sussex.    See  the  ex- 

ample  under  ALmesse. 

ALL-OF-A-HUGH.    All  on  one  side.    Suffolk. 
ALL-OF-A-ROW.    A  child's  game;    Suffolk. 
ALLONGE.    All  of  us.    Somerset. 
ALLONELI.    Exclusively.   'Cf.  Wright's  Mo- 
nastic Letters,  p.  126 ;  Supp.  to  Hardyng,  f.  44 ; 
Prompt.  Parv.  p.  54;   Maundevile's  Travels, 
p.  8 ;  Morte  d'Arthur,  ii.  427 ;  Hall,  Edw.  IV. 
f.  12 ;  Patteme  of  Painefull  Adventures,  p.  239 ; 
Minot's  Poems,  pp.  133,  152. 
Now  wold  I  fayne  sum  myrthis  make, 
Alle-oneli  for  my  ladys  sake.  MS.  Cantab.  Ff.  i.  6. 
We  spered  nojte  the  5ates  of  citee  to  that  entent 
for  to  agaynestande  the,  bot  allarily  for  the  drede 
of  Darius,  kyng  of  Perse. 

MS.  Lincoln  A.  i.  17,  f.  10. 

ALL-ON-END.    Eager;  impatient.    Somerset. 

ALLOTTERY.    An  allotment,    Shak. 

ALLOUS.    All  of  us.    Somerset. 

ALL-OUT.  Entirely;  quite.  Minsheuhasitfor 
a  carouse,  to  drink  all  out.  -  Cf.  Rob.  Glouc. 
pp.  26,  244 ;  Rom.  of  the  Rose,  2101.  Still 
in  use  in  the  former  sense  in  the  north  of 
England  and  in  Scotland. 

Thane  come  theise  wikkyde  Jewes,  and  whene 
they  sawe  thise  two  thefes  that  hang  by  oure  Lorde 
one-lyfe,  they  brake  theyre  thees,  and  slewe  theme 
alle-Qwte,  an'd  caste  theme  vilainely  into  a  dyke. 

MS.  Lincoln  A.  i.  17,  f.  184. 

ALL-OVERISH.  Neither  sick  nor  well.  Var. 
dial. 

ALLOW.  To  approve.  A  Scripture  word.  See 
Romans,xiv.  22;  Baret'sAlvearie,  inv.  Perhaps 
connected  with  alowe,  to  praise.  (A.-N.) 

ALLOWANCE.    Approbation.    Shaft. 


>  ALM 

ALLOWED.  Licensed.  An  "  allowed  fool"  is 
a  term  employed  by  Shakespeare  in  Twelfth 
Night,  i.  5.  In  Hollyband's  Dictionarie,  1593, 
mention  is  made  of  "an  allowed  cart  or 
chariot." 

ALL-PLAISTER.     Alablaster.     JorJesh. 

ALLS.  (1)  Aries,  q.  v.    North. 

(2)  Also.    (A-S.) 

Thare  was  crakked  many  a  crowne 
Of  wild  Scottes,  and  alls  of  tame. 

Minot's  Poems,  p.  4. 

ALL-SALES.  All  times.  Suffolk.  "  Sales"  is 
of  course  merely  a  form  of  cele  or  sele.  See 
Prompt.  Parv.  p.  65. 

ALL- SEED.    The  orach.    Skinner. 

ALL-SEER.    One  who  sees  everything.     S7ia&. 

ALL-THE-BIRDS-IN-THE-AIR.  A  Suffolk 
game.  See  Moor's  Suffolk  Words,  p.  238V. 
where  another  game  is  mentioned  called  all- 
the-fishes-in-the-sea. 

ALL-TO.    Entirely.    In  earner  writers,  the  to 
would  of  course  be  a  prefix  to  the  verb,  but 
the  phrase  ail-to  in  the  Elizabethan  writers 
can  scarcely  be  always  so  explained. 
Mercutio's  ycy  hand  had  al-to  frozen  mine. 

Romeus  and  Juliet,  1562. 

ALL-TO-NOUGHT.     Completely.     Var.  dial. 

ALL-TO-SMASH.  Smashed  to  pieces.  Somerset. 
The  phrase  is  not  peculiar  to  that  county.  A 
Lancashire  man,  telling  his  master  the  mill- 
dam  had  burst,  exclaimed,  "  Maister,  maister, 
dam's  brossen,  and  aw's  to-smash  !" 

ALLUTERLY.    Altogether ;  wholly. 

As  yf  thy  love  be  set  alhtturly 
Of  nice  lust,  thy  travail  is  in  vain. 

MS.  Seld.  ArcJi.  B.  24. 

ALLUVION.    A  washing  away.     (Lai.) 
ALL-WATERS.    "  I  am  for  all  wafers"  i.  e.  I 
can  turn  my  hand  to  anything.     A  proverbial 
expression  used  by  the  clown  in  Twelfth 
Night,  iv.  2. 

ALLY.    The  aisle  of  a  church.     Var.  dial. 
ALLYFE.    Although.    This  form  of  the  word 
occurs  in  a  letter  dated  1523,  in  Monast. 
Angl.  iv.  477. 
ALL-Y-FERE.    Altogether. 

And  hurre  lappe  was  hole  ajpyn  till-y-fere. 

Chron.  Vilodun.  p.  74. 
ALMAIN.  (1)  A  German. 

Upon  the  same  pretence,  to  furnish  them  a  band 
Of  Jlmains,  and  to  them  for  their  stout  captain  gave 
The  valiant  Martin  Swart. 

Drayton,  ed.  1753,  p.  1102. 
(2)  A  kind  of  dance.     A  stage  direction  in 
Peek's  Works,  i.  28,  is,  "  Hereupon  did  enter 
nine  knights  in  armour,  treading  a  warlike 
almain,  by  drum  and  fife." 
ALMAIN-LEAP.    A  dancing  leap;  a  kind  of 
jig.    See  Florio,  in  v.  Chiarantdna. 
Skip  with  a  rhyme  on  the  table  from  New-Nothing, 
And  take  his  almain-leap  into  a  custard. 

Devil  is  an  Ass,  i.  1. 

ALMAIN-RIVETS.  Moveable  rivets.  The  term- 
was  applied  to  a  light  kind  of  armour,  "  so 
called,"  says  Minsheu,  "because  they  be 
rivetted,  or  buckled,  after  the  old  Alman 


ALM 


47 


ALM 


fashion."  See  Test.  Vetust.  p.  622 ;  Holinshed, 

Hist.   Ireland,  p.  56  ;    Sharp's   Cov.  Myst. 

p.  195. 
ALMAN.  A  kind  of  hawk,  mentioned  by 

Howell,  and  also  called  by  him  the  Dutch 

falcon. 
ALMANDIN.  Made  of  almond. 

And  it  was  an  almandin  wand, 
That  ilk  frut  tharon  thai  fand, 
Alraandes  was  groun  tharon. 

MS.  Cott.  Vespas.  A.  iii.  f .  39. 

ALM  AND -MILK.     Almonds  ground  and  mixed 
with  milk,  broth,  or  water.     See  an  old  re- 
ceipt in  Warner's  Antiq.  Culin.  p.  5. 
ALMANDRIS.     Almond-trees. 

And  trees  there  werin  grete  foison, 
That  berin  nuttes  in  ther  seson, 
Suche  as  menne  nutemiggis  y-call,, 
That  sote  of  savour  ben  withall ; 
And  of  almandria  grete  plente1, 
Figgis,  and  many  a  date  tre. 

Rom.  of  the  Rose,  1363. 

ALM  ANE -BE  LETT.    A  part  of  armour,  men- 
tioned in  an  account  of  Norham  Castle,  temp. 
Hen.  VIII.  in  Archscologia,  xvii.  204. 
ALMANY.    Germany. 

Now  Fulko  comes,  that  to  his  brother  gave 
His  land  in  Italy,  which  was  not  small, 
And  dwelt  in  Almany. 

Harrington's  Ariosto,  1591,  p.  19. 

ALMARIE.  A  cupboard ;  a  pantry ;  a  safe. 
See  Kennett's  Gloss.  MS.  Lansd.  1033.  The 
North  country  word  aumbry  seems  formed 
from  this.  It  is  glossed  by  the  French  ameire, 
in  MS.  Coll.  Trin.  Cantab.  B.  xiv.  40.  Cf. 
Prompt.  Parv.  pp.  10,  109,  315;  Becon's 
Works,  p.  468.  In  the  latter  place  Becon 
quotes  Deut.  xxviii.  17,  where  the  vulgate 
reads  basket ;  a  reference  which  might  have 
saved  the  editor's  erronious  note.  Howel  has 
the  proverb,  "  There  is  God  in  the  almery" 

Ther  avarice  hath  almaries, 
And  yren  bounden  cofres. 

Piers  Ploughman,  p.  288. 

ALMARIOL.     A  closet,  or  cupboard,  in  which 
the  ecclesiastical  habits  were  kept.    See  Brit- 
ton's  Arch.  Diet,  in  v.  Armarium. 
ALMATOUR.    An  almoner. 
After  him  spak  Dalmadas, 
A  riche  almatour  he  was.    Kywg  AKsaunder,  3042. 

ALMAYNE.     Germany.     - 
Thane  syr  Arthure  onone,  in  the  Auguste  theraftyre, 
Euteres  to  Almayne  wyth  ostez  arrayed. 

Xlorte  Arthure,  MS.  Lincoln ,  f.  78. 

ALME.  An  elm.  (pan.)  "  Askes  of  alme-barke" 
are  mentioned  in  a  remedy  for  "contrarius 
hare"  in  MS.  Lincoln.  Med.  f.  282. 
ALMESFULLE.  Charitable.  It  is  found  in 
Pynson's  edition  of  the  Prompt.  Parv.  See 
Mr.  Way's  edition,  p.  10. 

I  was  chaste  enogh,  abstinent,  and  almesfulle,  and 
for  othere  [th]yng  I  ame  note  dampned. 

MS.  Harl.  1022,  f.  1. 

ALMESSE.    Alms,    Cf.  Prompt.  Parv.  p.  117. 
And  thus  ful  great  almesse  he  dede* 
Wherof  he  hadde  many  a  bede. 

Gower,  ed.  1532,  f.  35. 


ALMESTE.    Almost. 

And  as  he  priked  North  and  Est, 
I  telle  it  you,  him  had  almeste 

Betidde  a  sory  care.   Chaucer,  Cant.  T.  13008, 
ALMICANTARATH.      An  astrological  word, 
meaning  a  circle  drawn  parallel  to  the  horizon. 
Digges  has  the  word  in  his  Stratioticos,  1579, 
applied  to   dialling.     Cf.  Brit.  Bibl.  iv.   58 ; 
Chaucer  on  the  Astrolabe,  ed.  Urry,  p.  441. 
Meanwhile,  with  scioferical  instrument, 
By  way  of  azimuth  undalmicantarath. 

Albumazar,  i.  7. 

ALMODZA.  An  alchemical  term  for  tin.  It  is 
so  employed  by  Charnocke  in  an  early  MS.  in 
my  possession. 

ALMOND-FOR-A-PARROT.  A  kind  of  prover- 
bial expression.  It  occurs  in  Skelton's  Works, 
ii.  4  ;  Webster's  Works,  iii.  122.  Nash  and 
Wither  adopted  it  in  their  title-pages.  Douce, 
in  his  MS.  additions  to  Ray,  explains  it  "  some 
trifle  to  amuse  a  silly  person/' 
ALMOND-FURNACE.  "  At  the  silver  mills  in 
Cardiganshire,  they  have  a  particular  furnace 
in  which  they  melt  the  slags,  or  refuse  of  the 
lithurge  not  stamped,  with  charcoal  only, 
which  they  call  the  almond  furnace."  Kenneit, 
MS.  Lansd.  1033. 

ALMOND -MILK.  .The  Latin  amigdolatum  is 
translated  by  almond-mylke  in  MS.  Bodl.  604, 
f.  43.  See  Almand-milk. 
ALMONESRYE.  The  almonry.  In  a  fragment 
of  a  work  printed  by  Caxton,  inDouce's  Col- 
lection, the  residence  of  our  earliest  printer  is 
stated  to  be  at  "  the  almonesrye  at  the  reed 
pale." 

ALMOSE.  Alms.  Cf.  Hall,  Edward  IV.  f.  11 ; 
Becon's  Works,  p.  20. 

He  bad  hir  love  almose  dede. 

Legenda  Catholicce,  p.  53. 
And  therto  glide  in  alle  thynge, 
Of  almuus  dedea  and  gude  berynge. 

MS.  Lincoln,  A,  i.  17,  f.  115. 
ALMOYN.    Alms. 

For  freres  of  the  croice,  and  monk  and  chanoun, 
Haf  drawen  in  o  voice  his  feea  to  ther  almoyn. 

Peter  Langtoft,  p.  239. 

ALMS -DRINK.  "  They  have  made  him  drink 
alms-drink"  an  expression  used  in  Anthony 
and  Cleopatra,  ii.  7,  to  signify  that  liquor  of 
another's  share  which  his  companion  drinks  to 
ease  him. 

ALMSMAN.  A  person  who  Eves  on  alms.  See 
Richard  II.  iii.  3.  In  Becon's  Works,  p.  108, 
the  term  is  applied  to  a  charitable  person. 

ALMURY.  The  upright  part  of  an  astrolabe. 
See  Chaucer's  treatise  on  the  Astrolabe,  ecL 
Urry,  p.  442, 

ALMUSLES.    "Without  alms. 

For  thef  i$  reve,  the  lond  is  penyl«s; 
For  pride  hath  sieve,  the  lond  is  <zfow«*&*. 

Wrighfs  Pol.  Bongs,  p.  255. 

ALMUTE.  A  governing  planet.  An  astrolo- 
gical term. 

One  that  by  YIem  and  Aldeboran, 
With  the  (Llmvtes,  can  tell  anything. 

Randolph*  Jealow  Lovers,  1646,  p.  64. 


ALO 


48 


ALO 


ALMYFLUENT.    Beneficent. 

And  we  your  said  humblie  servants  shal  evermore 

pray  to  the  almy fluent  God  for  your  prosperus  estate. 

DavieJs  York  Records,  p.  90, 

ALMYS-DYSSHE.  The  dish  in  the  old  baro- 
nial hall,  in  which  was  put  the  bread  set  aside 
for  the  poor. 

And  his  alvnys-dysshe,  as  I  jou  say, 
To  the  porest  man  that  he  can  fynde, 
Other  ellys  I  wot  he  is  unkynde. 

BoTce  of  Cwtasye,  p.  30. 
ALMY3HT.    All-powerful. 

Pray  we  now  to  God  almypit, 

And  to  hys  moder  Mary  bryjht, 

That  we  mowe  keepe  these  artyculus  here. 

Const,  of  Masonry,  p.  31 

ALNATH.  The  first  star  in  the  horns  of  Aries, 
whence  the  first  mansion  of  the  moon  takes 
its  name. 

And  by  his  eighte  speres  in  his  werking, 
He  knew  ful  wel  how  fer  Alnath  was  shove 
Fro  the  hed  of  thilke  fix  Aries  above, 
That  in  the  ninthe  spere  considered  is. 

Chaucer,  Cant.  T.  11593. 

ALNER.  A  purse,  or  bag  to  hold  money.  (A.-N.) 

I  wyll  the  yeve  an  alner, 
I-mad  of  sylk  and  of  gold  cler, 

Wyth  fayre  y mages  thre.  Launfal,  319. 

Helokede  yn  hys  alner, 
That  fond  hym  spendyng  all  plener, 

Whan  that  he  hadde  nede, 
And  ther  nas  noon,  for  soth  to  say.      Ibid.  733. 
ALNEWAY.    Always.    See  the  extracts  from 

the  Ayenbite  of  Inwit,  in  Boucher. 
ALNIL.    And  only. 

Sertis,  sire,  riot  ic  nojt ; 
Ic  ete  sage  alnil  gras, 
More  harm  ue  did  ic  nojt. 

Wright's  Pol.  Songs,  p.  201. 
ALOD.    Allowed. 

Therfor  I  drede  lest  God  on  us  will  take  venjance, 
For  syn  is  now  alod  without  any  repentance. 

Towneley  Mysteries,  p.  21. 

ALOES.  An  olio,  or  savoury  dish,  composed  of 
meat,  herbs,  eggs,  and  other  ingredients, 
something  similar  to  the  modern  dish  of  olives. 
The  receipt  for  aloes  is  given  in  the  Good 
Housewife's  Jewel,  1596.  See  also  Cooper's 
Elyot,  in  v.  Tucetum. 
ALOFEDE.  Praised.  (A.-S.) 

Now  they  spede  at  the  spurres,   withowttyne 

speche  more, 

To  the  marche  of  Meyes,  theis  manliche  knyghtez, 
That  es  Lorrayne  alofede,  as  Londoue  es  here. 

Morte  Arthwe,  MS.  Lincoln,  f.  79. 
ALOFT.    "  To  come  aloft,"  i.  e.  to  vault  or  play 
the  tricks  of  a  tumbler. 
Do  you  grumble  ?  you  were  ever 
A  brainless  ass ;  but  if  this  hold,  I'll  teach  you 
To  come  aloft,  and  do  tricks  like  an  ape. 

Masdnger's  Bondman,  1624,  iii.  3. 

A-LOFTE.     On  high.     (A.-S.) 

Leve  thow  nevere  that  yon  light 

Hem  a-lofte  brynge, 

Ne  have  hem  out  of  helle. 

Piers  Ploughman,  p.  378. 
iLOGE.    To  lodge ;  to  pitch.     (A.-S.) 
On  that  ich  fair  roume 
To  aloge  her  paviloun. 

Arthoitr  and  Merlin,  p.  298. 


A-LOGGIT.    Lodged.    (A<-S.) 

I  am  a-loggit,  thought  he,  best,  howsoevir  it  goon. 
Chaucer,  ed.  Urry,  p.  597 

A-LOGH.    Below.     (A.-S.) 
Lewed  men  many  tymes 
Maistres  thei  apposen, 
Why  Adam  ne  hiled  noght  first 
His  mouth  that  eet  the  appul, 
Rather  than  his  likame  a-logh. 

Piers  Ploughman,  p.  242. 

ALOMBA.    Tin.     Howell. 
ALONDE.    On  land. 

For  the  kende  that  he  was  best, 

Alonde  men  he  gnouj.  MS.  CM.  Trin,  Oxon,  57, 

ALONG.  (1)  Slanting.     Oscon. 

(2)  Used  in  somewhat  the  same  sense  as  "  all 
along  of,"  i.  e.  entirely  owing  to,  a  provincial 
phrase. 

I  can  not  tell  wheron  it  was  along, 
But  wel  I  wotgret  strif  is  us  among. 

Chaucer,  Cant.  T.  16398. 

(3)  Long. 

Here  I  salle  the  gyve  alle  myn  heritage, 
And  als  along  as  I  ly  ve  to  be  in  thin  ostage- 

Peter  Langtoft,  p.  19G. 

(4)  The  phrases  up  along  and  down  along  answer 
sometimes  to  up   the  street  and  down  the 
street.     The  sailors  use  them  for  up  or  down 
the  channel.    Sometimes  we  hear  to  go  along, 
the  words  with  me  being  understood. 

ALONGE.    To  long  for.     Cf.  Richard  Goer  de 
Lion,  3049,  3060  ;  Piers  Ploughman,  p.  526. 
Alle  thouj  my  wit  be  not  stronge, 
It  is  noujt  on  my  wille  alonge, 
For  that  is  besy  nyjte  and  day 
To  lerne  alle  that  he  lerne  may. 

Cower,  MS.  Soc.  Antiq,  134,  f.  109 
This  worthy  Jason  sore  alongeth 
To  se  the  straunge  regionis.  Ibid.  f.  147. 

He  goth  into  the  boure  and  wepeth  for  blisse  ; 
Sore  he  is  alonged  his  brethren  to  kisse. 

MS.  Bodl.  652,  f.  9. 
ALONGST.   Along ;  lengthwise.  Somerset.  See 
early  instances  in  Holinshed,    Hist.   Engl. 
pp.  24,  146;  Dekker's   Knight's  Conjuring, 
1607,  repr,  p.  46. 

ALOORKE,    Awry ;  out  of  order.    (Tsl} 
His  heed  in  shappe  as  by  natures  worke, 
Not  one  haire  amisse,  or  Jyeth  akorke. 

MS.  Lansd.  208,  (quoted  in  Boucher.) 

A-LORE.    Concealed. 

Whereof  his  schame  -was  the  more, 
Whiche  oujte  for  to  ben  a-lore. 

Cower,  MS.  Soc.  Antiq.  134,  f.  132. 

A-LORYNG.    A  parapet  wall.      See    Willis's 
Architectural  Nomenclature,  p.    33.     It  is 
merely  another  form  of  alure,  q.  v. 
ALOSED.     Praised;    commended.     Cf.  Rob. 
Glouc.  p.  450 ;  Rom.  of  the  Rose,  2354.  (A.-N.} 
Ones  thou  schalt  justi  with  me, 
As  knight  that  wele  alosed  is. 

Gy  of  Warivike,  p.  64, 
So  that  he  blgon  at  Oxenford  of  di vinite ; 
So  noble  alosed  ther  nas  non  in  all  the  universete. 

MS.  Aahmole  43,  f.  180. 

ALOSSYNGE.    Loosing;   making  loose.     See 
the  early  edition  of  Luke,  c.  19,  quoted  by 
Kichardson,  in  v.  Alosing, 
ALOST.    Lost.    Somerset. 


49 


ALS 


AI.OUGII.     Below.     SeeAlogh. 

And  wiliest  of  briddes  and  of  beestes, 
And  of  hir  bredyng,  to  knowe 
Why  some  be  alough  and  some  aloft, 
Thi  likyng  it  were.      Piers  Ploughman,  p.  241. 
ALOUR.     Arialure,  q.  v. 

Alisaunder  rorneth  in  his  touu, 

For  to  wissen  his  masons, 

The  touris  to  take,  and  thetorellig, 

Vawtes,  alouris,.  and  the  corneris. 

Kyng  Alisaunder,  7210. 
Into  her  cite*  thai  ben  y-gon, 
Togider  thai  asembled  hem  ichon, 
And  at  the  alours  thai  defended  hem, 
And  abiden  bataile  of  her  fomen. 

Gy  r>f  Warwike,  p.  85. 

ALOUTE.  To  bow.    (A.-S?)    Cf.  Piers  Plough- 
man, p.  495  ;  Lybeaus  Bisconus,  1254. 
And  schewede  hern  the  false  ymagfcs, 
And  hete  hem  aloute  ther-to. 

MS.  Coll.  Trin.  Qscon.  57. 
This  gret  ymage  never  his  heed  enclyne, 
But  he  alout  upon  the  same  nyjte. 

Lydgate,  MS.  Soc.  Antiq.  134,  f.  15. 
Alle  they  schalle  alowte  to  thee, 
Yf  thou  wylt  alowte  to  me. 

MS.  Cantab.  Ff.  ii,  38,  f.  38. 
ALOW.     Halloo. 

Pillicock  sat  on  pillicock  hill ; 
AlQW)  alowt  loo>  loo  ! 

King  Lear,  ed.  1623,  p.  297. 

ALOWE.  (1)  Low  down.  (A.-S.)  Cf.  Court  of 
Love,  1201 ;  Tusser's  "Works,  p.  101 ;  Dial. 
Great.  Moral,  p.  2. 

Do  we,  sayden  he, 
Nail  we  him  opon  a  tre 

Alotue, 
Ac  arst  we  sullen  scinin  him 

Ay  rowe.          Reliq.  Antiq.  i.  101, 

(2)  To  humble.  Wyatt. 

(3)  To  praise  ;  to  approve.  (A.-N.) 

Cursyd  be  he  that  thy  werk  alowel 

Richard  Coer  de  Lion,  4662. 
ALOYNE.     To  delay.    (A.~N.) 
That  and  more  he  dyd  aloyne, 
And  ledde  hem  ynto  Babyloyne. 

MS.  Soil.  415. 

ALOYSE.  Alas !  So  explained  by  the  editors. 
A  kind  of  precious  stone  so  called  is  mentioned 
in  the  Book  of  St.  Albans,  sig.  F.  i. 

Aloyse>  aloyse,  how  pretie  it  is ! 

bamon,  and  Pithias,  1571, 

ALPE.    A  bull-finch.    East.  Eay  says  it  was  in 
general  use  in  his  time.      It  is  glossed  by 
ficedula  in  Prompt.  Parv,  p.  10. 
There  was  many  a  blrde  singing, 
Thoroughout  the  yerdeall  Ihringing ; 
In  many  placis  nightingales, 
And  alpes,  and  finches,  aad  wade-wales. 

Rom.  of  the  Row,  658. 

ALPES-BON.   Ivory. 

Thai  made  hir  body  bio  and  blac, 
That  er  was  white  so  alpes-bon. 

Lee.  Cathol.  p.  185. 

ALPI.    Single.    (A.-S,*) 

A,  quod  the  vox,  ich  wille  the  teile, 
On  alpi  word  ich  lie  nelle. 

Reliq.  Antiq,  ii.  275. 

ALPICKE.  Apparently  a  kind  of  earth.  See 
Cotgrave,  in  v.  Chercfo. 


ALPUpH.  Ahalfpenny-worth,  SeeMonast 
Angl.  i.  198.  We  still  say  hapurth  in  common 
parlance. 

ALBE-BEST.     The  best  of  all.    Cf.  Wright's 
Lync  Poetry,  p.  104.     (A.-S~) 
For  v?hen  je  weneth  alrebest 


A  r  -n-n  < 

ALRE-MOST.    Most  of  all.        ... 

The  flour  of  chy  valarie  now  have  y  lost, 
In  wham  y  trust  to  abemost. 

ALEE-WORST.    The  worst  of  ai 

Mon,  thou  havest  wicked  fon, 

Tlie  alre-wcrst  is  that  on. 
A  T  -^T^rT-^,      t  Wrights  Lyric  Poetry,  p.  104. 

ALRICHE.  An  ancient  name  for  a  dog.   It  oc- 

curs in  MS.  Bib.  Keg.  7  E.  iv.f.  163. 
ALS.    Also  ;  as  ;  likewise  ;  in  like  manner.  The 
Dorset  dialect  has  al's,  a  contracted  form  of 
all  this.  (A.-S.*) 

He  made  calle  it  one  the  morne, 
Ala  his  fadir  highte  byf  orne. 

Perceval,  Lincoln  MS.  f.  162. 

ALSAME.    Apparently  the  name  of  a  place. 
The  Cambridge  MS.  reads  "  Eylyssham." 

With  towels  of  Alsame, 
Whytte  als  the  see  fame, 
And  sanappis  of  the  same, 
Served  thay  ware. 

Sir  De&'evante,  MS.  Lincoln. 
ALSATIA..    A  jocular  name  for  the  Whitefriars, 
which  was  formerly  an  asylum  or  sanctuary  for 
insolvent  debtors,  and  persons  who  had  of. 
fended  against  the  laws.    ShadwelTs  comedy 
of  the  Squire  of  Alsatia  alludes  to  this  place  ; 
and  Scott  has  rendered  it  familiar  to  all  readers 
by  his  Fortunes  of  Nigel. 
ALSAUME.    Altogether. 

He  cursed  hem  there  <s&aw?ne, 
As  they  karoled  on  here  gaume. 

MS.  Hart.  1703,  f.  60. 
ALSE.   (1)    Alice.    In  the  ancient  parish  re- 
gister of  Noke,  co.  Oxon.,is  the  following  entry: 
"  Alse  Merten  was  buried  the  25.  daye  of 
June,  1586." 

(2)  Also,  (A.-S.) 

The  fowrthe  poynt  techyth  us  alse, 
That  no  mon  to  hys  craft  be  false, 

Const,  of  Masonry*  p.  23. 

(3)  As.  (A.-S.} 

Fore  alse  mon6  as  je  may  myn. 

Audelay's  Poems,  p.  74. 
ALSENE.  An  awl.  It  is  found  in  MS.  Aiundel, 
220,  quoted  in  Prompt.  Par?,  p.  138,  Elsin  i» 
still  used  in.  the  North  of  England  in  the  same 
sense.  Mr.  Way  derives  it  from  French  alenef 
but  perhaps  more  probably  Tent,  aelsene,  su- 
bula.  See  Brockett,  in  T.  JEbin.  Jamiesoa 
gives  alison  as  still  in  use  in  the  same  sense. 
ALSO.  (1)  Als  ;  as.  It  occurs  occasionally  in 
later  writers,  as  in  the  Triall  of  Wits,  1604, 
p.  308. 

Kyrtyls  they  had  oon  of  sylke, 
Also  whyte  as  any  mylfce. 

3fSf  Cantab.  Ff.  ii.  38,  f.  342^ 
(2)    All  save;  all  but.    Midland  C. 
ALSOME.    Wholesome. 

Tak  a  halvpeny  worthe  of  schepe  talghe  moltewe, 


ALT  £ 

and  alle  the  crommes  of  ahalpeny  lafe  of  alsome  brede 
of  whete,  and  a  potelle  of  aide  ale,  and  boile  alle  sa- 
mene.  MS.  Lincoln.  Med.  f.  313. 

ALSONE.  As  soon ;  immediately.  Cf.  Kyng 
Alisaunder,  5024 ;  Sevyn  Sages,  2847. 

And  Pausamy  pursued  after  hyme,  and  overhied 
hyra,  and  strake  hym  thurghe  with  a  spere,  and  jitt 
ife-alle  he  were  grevosely  wonded,  he  dyde  ncjte 
alsone,  bot  he  laye  halfe  dede  in  the  waye. 

Alisander,  MS.  Lincoln  f.  3. 

ALSQUA.    Also.     (A.-SJ 

The  signe  of  pes  alsqua,  to  bring 
Bitwix  William  and  the  tother  king. 

MS.  Fairfax  14. 

ALSTITE.     Quickly. 

Unto  the  porter  speke  he  thoe, 
Sayd,  To  thi  lord  myn  ernde  thou  go, 
Hasteli  and  alstite. 

Robson's  Romances,  p.  50. 
ALSTONDE.     To  withstand.    Rob.  Glouc.    Is 

this  a  misprint  for  at-stonde  ? 
ALSUITHE.    As  soon  as ;  as  quickly  as. 

For  alsuithe  als  he  was  made 
He  fell ;  was  thar  na  langer  bade. 

3fS.  Cott.  Vespas.  A.  iii.  f .  4. 

ALSWA.    Also.     (A.-S.) 

Alswa  this  buke  leres  to  kepe  the  ten  comand- 
mentes,  and  to  wirke  noght  for  erthely  thyng. 

MS.  Coll.  Eton.  10,  f.  1. 
And,  sirt  I  drede  me  yit  alswa, 
That  he  sold  have  the  empire  the  fra. 

Sevyn  Sages,  3945. 
Oure  lantarnes  take  with  us  alsway, 
And  loke  that  thay  be  light. 

Towneley  Myst.  p.  186. 
ALTEMETRYE.    Trigonometry. 

The  bookis  of  altemetrye, 
Planemetrye  and  eek  also. 

Gower,  MS.  Soc.  Antiq.  134,  f.  202. 

ALTERAGE.  One  of  the  amends  for  offences 
short  of  murder.  Hearne,  in  gloss,  to  Peter 
Langtoft,  explains  it,  "  the  profits  which  ac- 
crue and  are  due  to  the  priest  by  reason  of  the 
altar." 

Item,  the  beginneng  and  thendeng  of  the  decaie  of 
this  lande  growethe  by  the  immoderate  takeng  of 
coyne  and  ly  verey,  withought  order, after  mennes  awne 
sensuall  appetites,  cuddees,  gartie,  takeng  of  caanes 
for  felonies,  murdours,  and  all  other  offences,  alter- 
ages,  biengis,  saultes,  slauntiaghes,  and  other  like 
abusions  and  oppressions.  State  Papers,  ii.  163. 

DERATE.  Altered;  changed.  Palsgrave  has 
iif'as  a  verb,  to  alter. 

Undir  smiling  she  was  dissimulate, 
Provocative  with  blinkis  amorous, 
And  sodainly  chaungid  and  alterate. 

Test,  of  Creseide,  227. 
And  thereby  also  the  mater  ys  alterate, 
Both  inward  and  outward  substancyally. 

Ashmole's  Theat.  Cftem.  Brit.  p.  163. 
ALTERCAND.     Contending. 

The  parties  wer  so  felle  altercand  on  ilk  side, 
That  non  the  soth  couth  telle,  whedir  pes  or  werre 
suld  tide.  Peter  Langtoft,  p.  314. 

ALTERN.    Alternately.     Milton. 
ALTHAM.     In  the  Fraternitye  of  Vacabondes, 
1575,  the  wife  of  a  "  curtail"  is  said  to  be 
called  his  alt  ham.     See  the  reprint  of  that 
rare  tract,  p.  4. 


0  ALT 

ALTHER-BEST.    The  best  of  all.     Cf.  Kyng 
Alisaunder,  4878 ;  Prompt.  Parv.  p.  161. 
When  y  shal  slepe,  y  have  good  rest ; 
Somtyme  y  had  not  alther-best. 

Reliq.  Antiq.  1.  202. 
The  barne  alther-beste  of  body  scho  bare. 

MS.  Lincoln  A.  i.  17,  f.  231. 
Kepe  I  no  more  for  al  my  service, 
But  love  me,  man,  altherbest. 

MS.  Coll.  Caii  Cantab.  E.  55. 
ALTHER-FAIREST.     The  fairest  of  all.     See 
Rom.  of  the  Rose,  625 ;  Hartshorne's  Met. 
Tales,  p.  82. 

ALTHER-FEBLEST.    The  most  feeble  of  all. 
Now  es  to  alther-feblest  to  se, 
Tharfor  mans  lyve  schort  byhoves  ho. 

MS.  Coll.  Sion.  xviii.  6. 

ALTHER-FIRSTE.  First  of  all.  Cf.  Le  Bone 
Florence  of  Rome,  292;  Hartshorne's  Met 
Tales,  p.  85. 

Alther-firste,  whanne  he  dide  blede 
Upon  the  day  of  Circurncisioun. 

Lydgate,  MS.  Sue.  Antiq.  134,  f.  20. 
Before  matyns  salle  thou  thynke  of  the  swete 
byrthe  of  Jhesu  Cryste  alther-fyrste,  and  sythyne 
eftyrwarde  of  his  Passione. 

MS.  Lincoln  A.  i.  17,  f.  20(5 

ALTHER-FORMEST.  The  first  of  all. 
For  there  thai  make  semblant  fairest, 
Thai  wil  bigile  ye  alther-formest. 

Sevyn  Sages,  2726 

ALTHER-FOULLESTE.     The  foulest  of  all. 
That  schamefulle  thynge  es  for  to  saye, 
And  foulle  to  here,  als  sayse  the  buke, 
And  alther-foulleste  one  to  luke. 

Hampole,  MS.  Lincoln,  f.  2/7. 

ALTHER-GRATTEST.  Greatest  of  all.  This 
compound  occurs  in  an  imperfect  line  in  Syr 
Gawayne,  p.  54. 

ALTHER-HEGHEST.    The  highest  of  all. 

I  sal  syug  til  the  name  of  the  Lorde  alther-heghest . 
MS.  Coif.  Eton.  10,  f.  12. 
Whenne  hir  frendes  gan  hir  se 
Upon  the  alther-hejest  degrd, 
Thei  wondride  how  she  thider  wan. 

Cursor  Mundi,  MS.  Coll.  Trin.  Cantab,  f.  66. 

This  es  the  name  that  es  abowne  alle  names, 

name  althir-hegeste,  withowttene  whilke  na  man 

hopes  hele.  MS.  Lincoln  A.  i.  17,  f.  192. 

ALTHER-LASTE.    Last  of  all 

And  alther-laste,  with  fulle  gret  cruelte, 
For  us  he  suffreth  circumcisioun. 

Lydgate,  MS.  Soc.  Antiq.  134,  f.  20. 
Hur  own  lorde,  alther-laate, 
The  venom  out  of  hys  hedd  braste. 

Le  Bone  Florence  of  Rome,  2115. 
ALTHER-LEEST.    Least  of  all. 
Hir  lif  in  langure  lastyng  lay, 
Gladshipe  had  she  alther-leest. 

Cursor  Mundi,  MS.  Coll.  Ti'in.  Cantab,  f.  65. 
That  of  the  alther-leste  wounde 
Were  a  stede  brouht  to  grunde,       HaveloTc*  197& 
ALTHER-MIGHTIEST.     See  dither-wisest. 
ALTHER-MOST.    Most  of  all.    See  the  Sevyn 
Sages,  3560. 

The  mare  vanite"  it  es  and  nlthermaste  agayn  mans 
deed,  when  lufe  is  perfitest.   MS.  Coll.  Eton.  10,  f.  1* 
He  dud  hym  ynto  the  hethen  ooste, 
There  the  prees  was  althef'tnoost. 

MS.  Can/a6.  Ff.  li.  38,  f.  92. 


ALT! 


51 


The  firste  poynte  of  alle  thre 
Was  this,  what  thynge  in  his  degre 
Of  alle  this  world  hath  nede  leste, 
And  3it  men  helpe  it  alther-meate, 

Gower,  MS.  Soc.  Antiq.  134,  f.  58. 
And  to  hem  speke  I  alther-moost, 
That  ledeth  her  lyves  in  pride  and  boost. 

Cursor  Mundi,  MS.  Coll.  Trin.  Cantab,  f.  2. 

And  jit  mare  fole  es  he,  for  he  Wynnes  hym  na 

mede  in  the  tyme,  and  althermaste  fole  he  es,  for 

he  Wynnes  hym  payne.      MS.  Lincoln  A.  i.  17,  f.  245. 

ALTHER-NEXT.    Next  of  all.     Cf.  Lydgate's 

Minor  Poems,  p.  20;   Le  Bone  Florence  of 

Rome,  1963. 

Or  thou  art  yn  state  of  prest, 
Or  yn  two  ordrys  alther-nest. 

MS.  Hart.  1701,  f.  12. 
Sithen  althernext  honde, 
Meke  beestis  thei  shul  undirstonde. 

Cursor  Mundi,  MS.  Coll.  Trin.  Cantab,  f.  11, 
Aftir  Sampson  altherneest, 
Was  domes-man  Hcly  the  preest.  Ibid.  f.  46. 

ALTHER-TREWIST.    The  truest  of  all. 
That  alther-trewlst  man  y-bore 
To  chese  amonge  a  thousande  score. 

Gower,  MS.  Soc.  Antiq.  134,  f.  64. 

ALTHER-WERST.    The  worst  of  all. 
Altlw-toerst  then  shal  hem.  be, 
That  for  mede  come  to  dygnyt& 

MS.  Harl.  1701,  f.  73. 
And  thus  a  mannis  ye  firste 
Himselfe  greveth  alther-iverste. 

Gowert  MS.  Soc.  Antiq.  134,  f.  40. 

ALTHER-WISEST.    The  wisest  of  all. 

Godd  that  es  withowttyne  begynnynge,  and  es  with- 
owttene  chaungeyng,  and  duellys  withowttyne 
endynge,  for  he  es  althir-myghtyeste  and  althir- 
wyseste,  and  alswa  althire-beste. 

MS.  Lincoln  A.  i.  17,  f.  203, 
ALTHER-30NGEST.    The  youngest  of  all. 
Samuel  seide,  sir  Jesse,  say 
Where  is  thin  alther-fongest  son. 
Cursor  Mundi,  MS.  Coll.  Trin.  Cantab,  f.  46. 

ALTIHCATION.    An  alchemical  term.      See 

Ashmole's  Theat.  Chem.  Brit.  p.  97. 
ALTITONANT.      Thundering  from  on  high. 
Middleton  applies  the  term  to  Jupiter.     See 
his  Works,  v.  175 ;  Minsheu,  in  v. 
ALTRICATE.    To  contend.     (Lat.) 

Bishops  with  bishops,  and  the  vulgar  train 
Do  with  the  vulgar  altricate  for  gain. 

Billingnly's  Brachy-Martyrologia,  1657,  p.  41. 

ALUDELS.  Subliming-pots  without  bottoms, 
fitted  into  each  other,  without  luting.  An 
alchemical  term. 

Look  well  to  the  register, 

And  let  your  heat  still  lessen  by  degrees, 

To  the  aludels.  The  Alchemist,  ii.  1. 

ALUFFE.    Aloof;   more  nearly  to  the  wind. 

This  word  is  of  high  antiquity,  being  noticed 

by  Matthew  Paris. 

Alttjfe  at  helm  there,  ware  no  more,  beware! 

Taylor's  Praise  of  Hempseed,  p.  12. 
ALUMERE.    Bright  one?    (4.-N.) 
Noht  may  be  feled  lykerusere, 
Then  thou  so  suete  alumere, 

Wrighfs  "Lyric.  Poetry,  p.  68. 

ALURE.  A  kind  of  gutter  or  channel  behind 
the  battlements,  which  served  to  carry  off  the 
rain-water,  as  appears  from  the  Prompt.  Parv. 


p.  10.  It  is  certainly  sometimes  used  for  an 
alley,  or  passage  from  one  part  of  a  building 
to  another.  See  Ducange,  in  v.  Attorium,  and 
a  quotation  from  Hearne  in  "Warton's  Hist. 
Engl.  Poet.  ii.  300 ;  Rob.  Glouc.  p.  192.  The 
parapet- wall  its  elf  is  even  more  generally  meant 
by  the  term.  See  the  examples  under  Alour. 

ALUTATION.   Tanning  of  leather.    Minsheu. 

ALUTE.    Bowed.    (A.-S.) 

That  child  that  was  so  wilde  and  wlong,  , 

To  me  alute  lowe.  Reliq.  Antiq..  i,  101. 

ALVE.    Half. 

Thys  alve  men  je  ssollc  wynne  wel  lyjtloker  and 
vor  nojt.  Rob.  Glouc.  p.  214. 

ALVERED.  Alfred.  See  the  name  as  spelt 
in  the  Herald's  College  MS.  of  Robert  of 
Gloucester,  Hearne's  text  (p.  326)  reading 
Aldred. 

ALVISCH.    Elfish ;  bavin g  supernatural  power. 

Hadet  wyth  an  alvisch  mon,  for  angardez  pryde. 

Syr  Gawayne,  p.  27. 

ALWAY.    Always. 

Daughter,  make  mery  whiles  thou  may, 
For  this  world  wyll  not  last  alway. 

Jests  of  the  Wyddvw  Edyth,  1573. 
ALWAYS.    However;  nevertheless.    North. 
ALWELDAND.     All-ruling.      Cf.  Hardyng's 
Chronicle,  f.  162 ;  Minot's  Poems,  p.  27.(^.-S',) 
I  prai  to  grete  God  alwddand, 
That  thai  have  noght  the  hegher  hand. 

Yivaine  and  Gawin,  2J99, 
Befyse  betajt  hym  God  alleweldyng. 

MS.  Cantab.  Ff.  ii.  38,  f.  125. 
Oure  Lord  God  al-weldynge, 
Him  liked  wel  her  offrynge. 

MS.  Coll.  Trin.  Cantab.  R.  iii.  8,  f.    3. 
ALWES.    Hallows ;  saints. 

And  than  be-kenned  he  the  kouherde  Crist  and  to  hal 
alwee.  Will,  and  the  Werwolf,  p.  14. 

ALY.    Go.     (Fr.} 

Aly  !  he  saide,  aly  blyve  ! 
No  leteth  non  skape  on  lyve. 

KyngAlisaunder,  4370. 
ALYCHE.    Alike. 

In  kyrtels  and  in  copes  ryche, 
They  were  clothed  all  alyche. 

Gowert  ed.  1532,  f.  70. 
ALYCKENES.    Similarity. 

And  lyke  of  alyckenes,  as  hit  is  devysed. 

Tundale,  p.  87. 

ALYE.  (1)  To  mix.   (/V.) 

And  if  it  be  not  in  Lent,  alye  it  with  5olkes  of  eyren. 
Forme  of  Cury,  p.  14. 
(2)  Kindred. 

If  I  myght  of  myn  alye  ony  ther  fynde, 
It  wold  be  grett  joye  onto  me. 

Coventry  Mysteries,  p.  145. 
ALYES.    Algates ;  always.    Percy. 
ALYFE.    Alive.     Cf.  Lydgate's  Minor  Poems, 
p.  115. 

And  he  ne  wolde  leve  alyfe 
Man,  beste,  chylde,  ne  wyfe. 

MS.  Cantab.  Ff.  ii.  38,  f.  88. 
A-LYGHTELY.   Lightly. 

A-lyghtely  they  sey,  as  hyt  may  falle, 
God  have  mercy  on  us  alle.    MS.  HarZ.  1701,  f.  30. 
A-LYKE-WYSE.  In  like  manner.  Prompt.  Parv. 
ALYN.  A  kind  of  oil,  mentioned  by  Skinner,  who 
refers  to  Juliana  Barnes  as  bis  authority. 


AMA 


52 


AMA 


ALYS.  Hales  5  tents.  See  the  Paston  Letters. 
v.  412,  quoted  in  Prompt.  Parv.  p.  222.  They 
were  made  of  canvas.  See  the  Archaeologia, 
xx-vi.  402.  T  . 

ALYS  SON.  The  herb  mad  wort.  It  is  men- 
tioned by  Huloet,  1572,  as  a  cure  for  the  bite 
of  a  mad  dog. 

A-LYVED.    Associated. 

And  wharme  the  bycche  of  hem  is  moost  hoot,  jif 
ther  be  any  wolfes  yn  the  centre,  thei  goith  alle  after 
hure  as  the  houndes  doith  after  the  bycche  when  she 
is  ioly,  but  she  shal  not  be  a-lyoed  with  noon  of  the 
wolfes  saf  on.  MS.  Bodl.  m. 

ALYZ.  Isabel,  Countess  of  Warwick,  in  her  will 
dated  1439,  leaves  a  "  gown  of  green  alyz 
cloth  of  gold,  with  wide  sleeves,"  to  our  Lady 
of  Walsyngham.  See  the  Test.  Vetust.  p.  240. 
AM.  Them.  An  old  form,  and  still  in  use  in 
the  provinces.  See  an  example  in  Middleton's 
Works,  i.  351,  where  the  editor  erroneously 
prints  it  a'm,  which  implies  a  wrong  source  of 
the  word. 

And  make  ame  amend  that  thai  du  mys, 

3fS.  Douce  302,  f.  21. 

AMABLE.    Lovely. 

Face  of  Absolon,  moost  fayre,  moost  amable  ! 

Lydgate's  Minor  Poems,  p.  25. 
AMACKILY.  In  some  fashion ;  partly.  North. 
A-MAD.  Mad. 

Heo  wendeth  bokes  un-brad, 
Ant  maketh  men  a  moneth  a-mad, 

Wright's  Pol.  Songs,  p.  156. 
Here  was  Jhesus  i-lad  to  scole,  and  overcam  alle  the 
maistres  with  puyr  clergie,  so  that  everech  heold 
himsulf  amad,  for  he  schewede  heom  wel  thathuy 
weren  out  of  rijhte  muinde.  MS*  Laud.  108,  f.  13. 

AMADETTO.  A  kind  of  pear,  so  named  by 
Evelyn  after  the  person  who  first  introduced 
it.  Skinner. 

AMAIL.    Mail. 

Camillus  put  on  a  coat  of  amail,  and  went  arm'd 
with  sword  and  dagger  to  defend  himself  against  all 
assaults.  The  Fortunate  LOV&-&,  1632. 

AMAIMON.  A  king  of  the  East,  one  of  the 
principal  devils  who  might  be  bound  or  re- 
strained from  doing  hurt  from  the  third  hour 
till  noon,  and  from  the  ninth  hour  till  evening. 
He  is  alluded  to  in  1  Henry  IV.  ii.  4,  and 
Merry  W.  of  Windsor,  ii.  2.  According  to 
Holme,  he  was  "the  chief  whose  dominion 
is  on  the  north  part  of  the  infernal  gulf." 
See  Douce's  Illustrations,  i.  428 ;  Malone's 
Shakespeare,  ed.  1821,  vili.  91. 

AMAIN.  All  at  once.  A  sea  term.  The  term 
is  also  used  in  boarding ;  and  to  strike  amain, 
is  to  let  the  top-sails  fall  at  their  full  run,  not 
gently.  Waving  amain,  is  waving  a  sword  for 
a  signal  to  other  ships  to  strike  their  top-sails. 
See  the  Sea  Dictionary,  12mo.  Lond.  1708, 
in  v. 

AMAISTER.    To  teach.    Salop. 

AMAISTREN.  To  overcome ;  to  be  master  of. 
(X.JV.) 

And  now  wolde  I  wite  of  thee 
What  were  the  beste  j 
And  how  I  myghte  a~matstren  hern, 
And  make  hem  to  werche.  Piens  Ploughman,  p,  129. 


AMALGAMING.  A  chemical  term  for  mixing 
quicksilver  with  any  metal. 

And  in  amalgaming1,  and  calcening 

Of  quikailver,  y-cleped  mercurie  crude. 

Chaucer,  Cant.  T.  IJ239 

AMALL.  Enamel.  See  AmeU. 
Upon  the  toppe  an  ern  thcr  stod 
Of  bournede  gold  ryche  and  good, 

I-florysched  with  ryche  amall.         Launfal,  270, 

AM  AND.    To  send  away ;  to  remove.    (Lat.) 
Opinion  guidetli  least,  and  she  by  faction 
Is  quite  amended,  and  in  high  distraction. 

MS.  Raw!.  437,  f.  1L 
AMANG.     Among.     Var.  dial 

He  outtoke  me  thar  amang 
Fra  mi  faas  that  war  sa  strang. 

MS.  Cott.  Vespas.  D.  vr . 

AMANG-HANDS.    Work  done  conjointly  with 
other  business.     In   Yorkshire  it  sometimes 
means  lands  belonging  to  diiferent  proprietors 
intermixed. 
AMANSE.  To  excommunicate.  (A.-S.) 

And  the  kyng  hymsulf  was  therate ;  Mi  amanwde 

tho 

Alle  thulke,  that  clerkes  such  despyt  dude  and  wo. 
Rub.  Glouc.  p.  404. 

A-MANY.  Many  people.  North.  SeeMassinger's 
Works,  i.  35. 

If  weather  be  fayre,  and  tydie  thy  graine, 
Make  spedely  carrige  for  feare  of  a  raine : 
For  tempest  and  showers  deceaveth  n-Hmny, 
And  lingering  lubbers  loose  many  a  peny. 

Tusser,  ed,  15/3,  f.  5;". 

AMARRID.  Marred;  troubled.  Cf.  Deposition 
of  Richard  II.  p.  2;  Gesta  Roinanorum, 
p.  207. 

Eld  me  hath  amarridt 
Ic  wene  he  be  bi-charrid, 

That  trusteth  to  juthe.         Reliq,  Antiq.  ii.  211. 

A-MARSTLED.    Amazed  ? 

Hupe  forth,  Hubert,  hosede  pye, 
Ichot  thart  a-marstlcd  into  the  mawe. 

Wrights  "Lyric  Poetry >  p.  111. 

AMARTREDE.    Martyred. 

And  aniartrc.de  so  thane  holie  man, 
And  a-slouzh  him  in  a  stounde. 

MS.  Laud.  108,  f.  165. 
AMASEDNESSE.    Amazement. 

Not  only  the  common  sort,  but  even  men  of  place 
and  honour,  were  ignorant  which  way  to  direct  their 
course,  and  therby,  through  amasednesse,  as  likely  to 
run  from  the  place  affected,  as  to  make  to  the  succour 
of  it.  Lambarde's  Perambulation,  ed.  1595,  p.  69. 

AMASEFULL.    Frightened.    Palsyrave. 
A-MASKED.    "  To  go  a-masJced"  to  wander  or 
he  bewildered.    This  is  given  as  a  Wiltshire 
phrase  in  MS.  Lansd.  1033,  f.  2,  in  a  letter 
dated  1697. 
AMASTE.  An  amethyst.  Rider.   Minsheu  gives 

the  form  amatyste. 

AMAT.    To  daunt ;  to  dismay.    Cf.  Drayton's 
Poems,  p.  303 ;  Florio  in  v.  Spmtdre  ;  Coven- 
try Mysteries,  p.  294.     (A.-N.} 
There  myght  men  sorow  see, 
Amatitd  that  there  had  be. 

JUS.  Cantzb.  Ff.  ii.  38,  f.101. 
And  all  their  light  laughyng  turnd  and  translated 
Into  sad  syghyng ;  all  mjrrth  was  amatecl. 
Heywood  on  Englishe  Prow-be*,  1561,  sig.  A.  viii» 


AMB 


53 


AMB 


AMAWNS.    To  excommunicate  ? 
With  a  penyles  purs  for  to  pleye, 
Lat  scho  can  the  pepul  amawns. 

Reliq.  Antlq.  i.  74. 

AMAWST.    Almost.     West. 
AMAY.     To   dismay.     Cf.   Kyng  Alisaunder, 
7243 ;  Arthour  and  Merlin,  p.  86.  (Fr.) 
With  thyn  aunter  thou  rnakest  heer 
Thou  ne  mijt  nojt  me  amaye. 

MS.  Ashmole  33,  f.  6. 
Whereof  he  dradde  and  was  amayed. 

Gower,  MS.  Sec.  Antiq.  134,  f.  232 

AMAZE,     To  confound ;  to  perplex ;  to  alarm. 

Shak. 

AMBAGE.  Circumlocution.  See  the  Spanish 
Tragedy,  i.  1 ;  Marlowe's  Works,  iii.  257.  In 
an  old  glossary  in  MS.  Rawl.  Poet.  108,  it  is 
explained  by  "  circumstance."  See  the  Brit. 
Bibl.  ii.  618.  It  is  used  as  a  verb,  apparently 
meaning  to  travel  round,  in  the  Morte  d' Ar- 
thur, i.  135.  (Lat.) 

AMBASSADE.    An  embassy.     (A.-N.) 
Aboute  him  there,  th'ambassade  imperyall 
Were  fayre  brought  unto  his  royal  dignit£. 

Hardyng's  Chronicle,  p.  138. 

AMBASSADOR.  A  game  played  by  sailors  to 
duck  some  inexperienced  fellow  or  landsman, 
thus  described  by  Grose.  A  large  tub  is  filled 
with  water,  and  two  stools  placed  on  each  side 
of  it.  Over  the  whole  is  thrown  a  tarpaulin, 
or  old  sail,  which  is  kept  tight  by  two  persons 
seated  on  the  stools,  who  are  to  represent  the 
king  and  queen  of  a  foreign  country.  The  per- 
son intended  to  be  ducked  plays  the  ambassa- 
dor, and  after  repeating  a  ridiculous  speech 
dictated  to  him,  is  led  in  great  form  up  to  the 
throne,  and  seated  between  the  king  and  queen, 
who  rise  suddenly  as  soon  as  he  is  seated,  and 
the  unfortunate  ambassador  is  of  course  deluged 
in  the  tub. 

AM  HAS  SAGE.    An  embassy.    Shak. 
AM  33  AS  SATE.    An  embassy.    See  Hardyng's 
Chronicle,  ff.   74,   95,   186,  who  sometimes 
spells  it  amlassyate.    In  MS.  Ashmole  59,  f. 
45,  is  "  a  compleynte  made  by  Lydegate  for 
the  departing  of  Thomas  Chaucier  into  Fraunce 
by  lies  servauntz  upone  the  kynges  ambassate." 
AMBASSATRIE.    An  embassy.     (A.-N.) 
I  say,  >^y  tretise  and  amba8i>atrie, 
And  by  the  popes  mediation, 
And  all  the  chirche,  and  all  the  chevalrie, 
Th  it  in  destruction  of  maumetrie, 
And  m  encrese  of  Cristes  lawe  dere, 
They  ben  accorded  so  as  ye  may  here. 

Chaucer,  Cant.  T.  4653 

AMBER'D.     Scented  with  ambergris. 

The  wines  be  lusty,  high,  and  full  of  spirit, 
An  d  amber'd  all.   Beaumont  and  Fletcher,  i  v.  433. 
AMBER-DAYS.    The  ember  days. 

And  sufferages  of  the  churche,  bothe  arriber-dayes 

and  lentes.  Sale's  Kynge  Johan,  p.  41 . 

AMBES-AS.    The  two  aces,  the  lowest  throw 

in  the  dice ;  and  hence  often  used  figuratively 

for  bad  luck.     See  Chaucer,  Cant.  T.  4544; 

Harrowing  of  Hell,  p.   21 ;  All's  Well  that 

ends  Well,  ii.  3.    Howell,  p.  19,  tells  us  that 

when  this  throw  was  made,  the  dicers  inLondon 

would  say  "  ambling  annes  and  trotting  Joan." 


This  is  also  the  reading  of  one  MS.  in  Rob. 
Glouc.  p.  51. 

This  were  a  hevy  case, 
A  chaunceof  ambexase, 
To  se  youe  broughte  so  base, 
To  playe  without  a  place. 

Sfcelton's  Works,  ii.  438. 

AMBIDEXTER.  In  familiar  writing  a  kind  of 
Vicar  of  Bray.  According  to  Cowell,  "  that 
juror  that  taketh  of  both  parties  for  the  giving 
of  his  verdict."  See  Nash's  Pierce  Penilesse, 
p.  10  ;  Florio  in  v.  Destreaaiare. 
AMBLANT.  Ambling. 

And  mony  faire  juster  corant, 
And  mony  fat  palfray  amblant. 

Kyng  Alisaunder,  3462. 
AMBLERE.    An  amble. 

But  Oliver  him  rideth  out  of  that  plas 

In  a  sofce  ambtere, 
Ne  made  he  non  other  pas 
Til  they  were  met  in  fere. 

MS.  Ashmole  33,  f.  5. 
AMBLINDE.    Ambling. 

Y  sett  Mr  on  a  mule  ambfaide, 
In  the  way  we  dede  ous  rideinde. 

Gy  of  Warwifa,  p.  163. 

AMBOLIFE.    Oblique. 

And  take  gode  kepe  of  this  chapiter  of  arisingeof 
celestiall  bodyes,  for  ther  trusteth  wel  that  neither 
mone  neither  sterre  in  our  ambolife  orizont. 

Chaucer,  ed.  Urry,  p.  445. 

AMBROSE.  Wild  sage.  See  an  old  receipt  in 
Reliq.  Antiq.  i.  55  ;  Prompt.  Parv.  p.  11  ; 
Archasologia,  xxx.  404. 

AMBRY.  A  cupboard  ;  a  pantry.  See  Aumbry. 
Cf.  Florio  in  v.  Gazzdra  /  Skinner  and  Baret, 
in  v.  The  almonry  was  sometimes  so  called, 
the  alms  being  kept  in  an  ambry.  See  Brit- 
ton's  Arch.  Diet,  in  v.  Almonry. 

AMBULENDE.    Ambling. 

On  fayre  ambulende  hors  they  set. 

Cower,  ed.  1532,  f.  70. 

AMBULER.    An  ambling  horse. 

Sire,  said  Palomydes,  we  will  be  redy  to  conduyfe 
you  bycause  that  ye  are  sore  wounded,  and  soo  was 
Epynogrys  and  his  lady  horsed,  and  his  lady  behynde 
hym  upon  a  softe  anibuler. 

Morte  ff  Arthur,  ii.  148. 

AMBUSCADO.    An  ambuscade.     Shak. 
Nay,  they  have  ambtiscadoes  laid  within  thee, 
Self  against  self  suborn'd,  thereby  to  win  thee. 

Clobei-y's  Divine  Glimpses,  p.  104. 

AMBUSION.    An  abuse. 

But  this  methinketh  an  ambusion, 
To  see  on  walfce  ha  gownis  of  scarlete 
Twelve  jerdis  wide,  with  pendant  sieves  doun 
On  the  grounde,  and  the  furroure  therinne. 

Occleve,  MS  Soc.  Antiq.  134,  f.  252. 
Fy  I  hit  is  to  gret  an  ambusion 
To  se  a  man  that  is  but  wormis  mete. 

Ibid.  f.  256. 

AMBYNOWRE.    An  almoner. 

Pet6  es  gpensere,  that  dose  servesse  to  gud  alle  that 
scho  maye  ;  and  Mercy  hir  syster  saile  be  <nnl>yn<xaret 
that  gyffes  to  alle,  and  aoghte  kane  kepe  to  hiiselfe. 
ncoln  A.  i.  17,  f.  273. 


AME.  (1)  To  guess  ;  to  think  ;  to  tell.  From  the 
German  afimen,  according  to  Qu.  Rev.  lv.  371  ; 
but  it  certainly,  in  middle  English,  is  merely 
another  form  of  aim,  q.v.  In  Palsgrave  we  have 


AME 


54 


"fceyme,  I  mente  or  gesse  to  hyt  a  thynge/'  The 
meaning  is  clearly  ascertained  from  Prompt. 
Parv.  p.  190,  "  gessyne,  or  amyne,    estimo, 
arUtror,  opinor."    Cf.  Rom.  and  Jul.  i,  1. 
Of  men  of  armes  bold  the  numbre  thei  ame, 
A  thousand  and  tuo  hundred  told  of  Cristen  men 
bi  name.  Peter  Langtoft,  p.  228. 

And  alle  Arthurs  oste  was  amede  with  knyghtes, 
Botawghtenehundretheofalle  entrede  in  rolles.  ^ 
Morte  Arthure,  MS.  Lincoln,  f.  95, 
No  mon  upon  mold  mijt  ayme  the  nournber, 
Al  that  real  aray  reken  schold  men  never. 

Will,  and  the  Werwolf,  p*  58, 
Yes,  wyth  good  handelyng,  as  I  ayme, 
Even  by  and  by,  ye  shall  her  reclayme. 

Commune  Secretary  and  Jalowsye,  «.  d, 

(2)  The  spirit;  the  soul.   (A.-S.)    See  Steven- 
son's ed.  of  Boucher  in  v. 

(3)  For  a  third  sense,  see  "Warner's  Antiq.  Culin, 
p.  14.    A  dish  is  there  caUed  "  douce  ame." 

A  ME  AUNT.    Ellis  and  Utterson  propose  ada- 
mant as  the  meaning  of  this  word.     The 
Cambridge  MS.  reads,  "  Thys  swyrde  ys  gode 
and  aveaunt."     (A.-N.} 
Therfore  my  swearde  he  shall  have, 
My  good  swerde  of  ameaunt, 
For  therwith  I  slewe  a  gyaunt.        Syr  Degor&j  1 05. 
AMEE.    The  herb  ameos.     Gerard. 

AMEKIDE.     Soothed. 

Ande  thenne  spake  he,  Ne  was  not  this  yonge  man 
getyne  by  me  ?  Yis,  sir,  quod  she,  dowtithe  hit  not, 
for  he  is  your  lawefully  bigetene  soue.  Thenne  the 
Emperoure  was  ameMde,  aiide  saide  to  his  sonne, 
Son,  quod  he,  I  am  thi  fadir. 

Gesta  Romanorum,  p.  177- 

AMEL-CORN.  A  kind  of  corn,  said  by 
Markham  to  be  "  of  a  middle  size  betwixt 
wheat  and  barlie,  unlike  altogether  unto  win- 
ter wheat  whereof  we  last  spake,  but  of  a  sort 
and  facultie  like  unto  spelt,  whereof  we  will 
speake  nest  in  order."  See  Markham' s 
Countrey  Farme,  161 6,  p.  551 ;  Cotgrave,  in  v. 
Scourgeon;  Florio,  in  v.  Oriza.  It  appeai-s 
from  Markham  that  scourgeon  is  scarcely 
synonymous  with  amel-corn,  and  therefore 
Cotgrave's  account  of  it  is  not  quite  ap- 
plicable. It  seems  to  be  the  Teut.  Amel- 
koren,  explained  by  Kilian/zr  candidum,  and 
the  corn  of  which  amydon  is  made.  Gerard 
calls  it  the  starch-corn,  a  species  of  spelt. 

AMELL.  (1)  Enamel.  It  is  also  used  as  a  verb 
by  Chaucer,  Palsgrave,  and  others.  See 
Amiledf  Beaumont  and  Fletcher,  Introd.  p. 
lix;  Cotgrave  and  Hollyband,  in  v.  Email; 
Prompt.  Parv.  p.  261;  Twine,  ap.  Collier's 
Shak.  Lib.  p.  206.  Amall  is  a  similar  form, 
q.  v.  See  an  example  in  v.  Amelyd. 

(2)  Between.  Northumb.  It  seems  to  be  the 
Icelandic  d  mitti.  See  Qu.  Rev.  Iv.  363, 
where  it  is  stated  not  to  be  used  in  Scotland. 
It  is  inserted  in  the  glossary  to  the  Towneley 
Mysteries,  without  a  reference,  and  explained 
"  among/' 

AMELYD.    Enamelled. 

The  frontys  therwith  atnelyd  all 
With  all  maner  dy  verse  amell. 


AME 


To  manage ;  to  direct  by  force. 

With  her,  who  so  will  raging  furor  tame, 
Must  first  begin,  and  well  her  amenage, 

Faerie  Queene,  II.  iv.  II, 
AMENAUNCE.     Behaviour;  courtesy.    (Lat.) 
And  with  grave  speech  and  grateful  amenauncs, 
Himself,  his  state,  his  spouse,  to  them  commended, 
Fletcher's  Purple  Island,  xi,  9. 

AMENDABLE.    Pleasant. 

That  til  oure  lif  is  ful  profitable, 
And  to  oure  soule  amendable. 

MS.  4s7imole  60,  f.  5, 
AMENBEN.     A  kind  of  oath.    Suffolk. 
AMENDMENT.  Dung  or  compost  laid  on  land. 

Kent. 

AMENDS.  An  addition  put  into  the  scale  of  a 
balance,  to  make  just  weight.  See  the  Nomen- 
clator,  p.  337.  So  the  modern  phrase,  to 
make  amends. 

AMENE.  Pleasant ;  consenting.  (Lat.} 
Whan  that  mercy  wolde  have  ben  amene, 
Rightwyssenesse  gan  hit  anon  denye* 

Lydgate,  MS.  Ashmole  39,  f.  20. 
To  thi  servaunttis  of  grace  now  see, 
And  to  thi  son  befor  hus  amene.  Tundale,  p.  125. 
AMENGE.     To  mingle.    We  may  perhaps  read, 
"  And  menge  it." 

Amenge  it  with  gres  of  a  swyne. 

drchoeologia,  xxx.357- 

AMENNE.    To  amend. 

As  we  be  wont,  erborowe  we  crave, 
Your  life  to  amenne  Christ  it  save. 

Rom.  of  the  Rose,  7406. 

AMENSE.    Amends. 

To  tell  you  the  cause  me  semeth  it  no  nede, 
The  amense  therof  is  far  to  call  agayne. 

Skelton's  Works,  i.  226. 
AMENTE.    Amend. 

But  y  leve  synne,  hyt  wole  me  spylle  ; 
Mercy,  Jhesu  !  y  wole  amente. 

MS.  Cantab.  Ff.  ii.  38,  f.  17. 
AMENUSE.     To  diminish ;  to  lessen.    (A.-N.) 
See  the  Persones  Tale,  pp.  36,  38. 
His  mercy  is  surmounting  of  foyson, 
Ever  encreaseth  without  amenusyrig. 

Bochas,  b.  II.  e,  31. 

AMEOS.    The  herb  bishop's-weed.    See  Florio, 

in  v.  Ammi. 

AMERAL.  An  admiral,  q.  v.  The  word  is  very 
changeable  in  its  orthography.  In  the  Prompt. 
Parv.  p.  11,  it  occurs  in  the  modern  sense  of 
admiral.  The  word  ameralU  in  the  following 
passage  seems  to  mean  the  sovereignty  of 
the  sea. 

Cherish  marchandise  and  kepe  the  ameraltS, 
That  we  be  maisters  of  the  narow  see. 

MS.  Soc.  Antiq.  101,  f.  50. 

AMEKAWD.    An  emerald. 

An  amerawd  was  the  stane, 

Richer  saw  I  never  nane.  Ywaine  end  Gawint  361 , 

His  ston  is  thegrene  ameraiude, 

To  whom  is  jo-ven  many  a  lawde. 

Cower,  MS.  Soc.  Antiq.  134,  t.  20i 

AMERAWDES.  The  hemorrhoids.  «'  A  gud 
medcyne  for  the  amerawdes"  is  mentioned  in 
MS.  Harl,  1600  and  1010. 

AMERCE.  To  punish  with  a  pecuniary  pe- 
nalty ;  to  inflict  a  fine  or  forfeiture.  Some- 
times, to  punish,  in  general.  See  Romeo  and 
Juliet,  Hi  1. 


AMI 


And  yf  thou  kanste  riot  lete  thi  playntes  be, 
Unlawful  quarel  oweth  to  ben  amersed. 

Eoetius,  MS.  Soc.  Antiq.  134,  f.  292. 

AMERCY.    To  amerce.     (A.-N.) 
And  though  ye  mowe  amercy  hem, 
Lat  mercy  be  taxour.         Piers  Ploughman,  p.  119. 
AMERE.     Bitterly.     So  explained  by  Weber  in 
the  following  passage,  where  the  Lincoln's  Inn 
MS.  reads,  "  and  gan  him  beore."     Stevenson 
considers  it  a  noun,  mischief,  damage,  a  more 
likely  interpretation.  (A.-N.) 
Dariadas,  Daries  brother, 
He  hadde  y-slawe  on  and  othir, 
Tauryn  and  Hardas  he  slowe  with  spere. 
With  sweord  ryden  he  dud  amere  ! 
In  this  strong  fyghtyng  cas, 
He  mette  with  Dalmadas. 

Kyng  Alisawrtder,  4427- 

AMERELLE.  The  translation  of  umlraculum 
in  the  Canterbury  MS.  of  the  Medulla.  See 
the  Prompt.  Parv.  p.  301.  The  corresponding 
lerm  in  MS.  Harl  2270  is  "  an  umbrelle." 
AMERRE.  To  mai  ;  to  spoil ;  to  destroy.  See 
the  Sevyn  Sages,  2266,  wrongly  glossed  by 
Weber.  (A.-S.) 

Ho  ran  with  a  drawe  swerde 

To  hys  inaniemrye, 
And  all  hys  goddys  ther  he  amerrede 

With  greet  envye.  Octoviant  1307« 

That  we  beth  ofte  withinne, 
The  soule  wolleth  amerre. 

MS.  Digby  86,  f.  128. 
Now  thou  hast,  sir,  alle  y-herd 
Hou  Ich  aro.  bitreyd  and  amerd. 

Gy  of  Warwike,  p.  165. 

AMERS.  Embers.  Yorteh. 
AMERVAILE.  To  marvel;  to  be  surprised. 
Cf.  Hardyng's  Chronicle,  ff.  73,  120 ;  Gesta 
Romanorum,  p.  392 ;  Syr  Degore,  932;  Riche's 
Farewell  to  Militarie  Profession,  ed.  1581, 
sig.  P.  i.  (A.-N.) 

And  swiftli  seththe  with  swerdes  swonge  thei  to-gider, 
That  many  were  amervailed  of  here  douijti  dedes. 

Will,  and  the  Werwolf t  p.  139. 
Then  spake  Tundale  to  the  augyll  bryght, 
For  he  was  atnerveld  of  that  syght.     Tundale,  p.  S4. 
The  bisshope  wos  amerveld  then, 
And  in  gret  thO5t  he  stode. 

MS.  Cantab.  Ff.  v.  48,  f.  78. 

AMES-ACE.     See  Ambes-as.    This  is  the  form 
used  by  Shakespeare.    See  Collier's  Shake- 
speare, iii.  241 ;  Nares,  in  v. 
AMESE.    To  calm.    "Amese  you,"  calm  your- 
self.   This  phrase  is  addressed  by  Anna  to 
Cayphas  in  the  Townley  Myst.  p.  194. 
AMET.    An  ant.  (A.-S.) 

So  thycke  hii  come>  that  the  lond  over  al  hii  gonne 

fulle, 
As  thycke  as  qmeten  crepeth  in  an  amete  hulle. 

Rob.  Glouc.  p.  296, 

AMETISED.    Destroyed.    SMnner. 

AMEVED.      Moved.    (A.-N.)    Cf.    Chaucer, 

Cant.  T,  8374 ;  MS.  Soc.  Antiq.  134,  f.  4. 

But,  Lorde,  howe  he  was  in  his  herte  amevid, 

Whan  that  Mary  he  hathe  with  childe  i-seyn. 

Ltydgate,  MS.  Athmole  39,  f .  39. 
That  grievaunce  was  him  no  thinge  lefe, 
He  was  ful  sore  ameved.         MS.  .Douce  175,  p.  24, 

AMIAS.    The  city  of  Amiens. 


55  AMM 

He  ran  anon,  as  he  were  wode, 
To  Bialacoil  there  that  he  stode, 
"Whiche  had  levir  in  this  caas 
Have  ben  at  Remcs  or  Amias. 

Romaunt  of  the  Rose,  3898, 

AMICE.     The  amice  or  amite  is  the  first  of  the 
sacerdotal  vestments.     It  is,  says  Mr.  "Way,  a 
piece  of  fine  linen,  of  an  oblong  square  form, 
which  -was  formerly  worn  on  the  head  until 
the  priest  arrived  before  the  altar,  and  then 
thro  wn  back  upon  the  shoulders.    See  Prompt. 
Parv.  p.  11 ;  Nomenclator,  p.  159  ;  Dugdale's 
Monast.  iii.  295.     The  following  quotation 
may  also  be  found  in  an  early  printed  fragment 
in  Mr.  Maitland's  account  of  the  Lambeth 
Library,  p.  266.     See  Ammis. 
Upon  hi?  heed  the  amytv  first  heleith, 
Which  is  a  thing,  a  token  and  figure 
Outwardly  shewinge  and  grounded  in  the  feith  ; 
The  large  awbe,  by  record  of  scripture, 
Ys  rightwisuesse  perpetualy  to  endure : 
The  louge  girdyl,  clennesse  and  chastite" ; 
Bounde  on  the  arme,  the  fanoune  doth  assure 
All  soburnesse  knytte  with  humilite. 

Lydgate,  MS.  Hatton  73,  f.  3. 
AMIDWARD.       In  the  middle.      Cf.   Kyug 
Alisaunder,  967 ;  Richard  Coer  de  Lion,  1926 ; 
Sevyn  Sages,  179 ;  Ellis's  Met.  Rom.  iii.  29. 
He  met  that  geaunt  Pinogres 
Amidward  al  his  pres.     Arthour  ana  Merlin,  p.  301 . 
AMILED.  Enamelled.  (A.-N.)   See  the  note  on 
this  word  in  Warton's  Hist.  Engl.  Poet.  ii.  155. 
And  with  a  bend  of  golde  tassiled, 
And  knoppis  fine  of  golde  amiled. 

Rom.  of  the  Rose,  1080. 
AMINISH.    To  diminish.    Palsgrave.    This  is 

perhaps  another  form  of  amenuse,  q.  v. 
AMIS.    To  miss ;  to  fail. 

Aurelius,  whiche  that  dispeirid  is 
Whithir  he  shall  have  his  love,  or  amis. 

Chaucer,  ed.  Urry,  p.  112. 

AMISS.    A  fault ;  a  misfortune.    Shak. 
AMIT.    To  admit. 

And  amytting  the  impossibilitie  that  their  cataill 
were  saved,  yet  in  contynuaunce  of  one  yere,  the 
same  cataill  shalbe  deade,  distroyed,  stblen,  strayed, 
and  eaten.  .  .  State  Papers,  ii.  329- 

AMITURE.   .Friendship. 

Thow,  he  saide,  traytour, 
Yusturday  thow  cotne  in  amiture, 
Y-armed  so  on  of  myne, 
Me  byhynde  at  my  chyne, 
Smotest  me  with  thy  spere. 

Kyng  Alisaunder,  3075. 

AMLYNG.    Ambling. 

Off  ladys  were  they  com  ryde, 
Along  under  the  wodys  syde, 
On  fayre  amlyng  hors  y-sett. 

MS.  Cantab.  Ff.  i.  6,  f.  6. 
AMMAT.  A  luncheon.  West. 
AMMIS.  The  canonical  vestment,  lined  with 
fur,  that  served  to  cover  the  head  and  shoul- 
ders. Grey  fur  was  generally  used.  The  word 
is  sometimes  spelt  amicet  amyse,  ammys, 
ammas,  &c.  In  French  the  amict  and  aumuee, 
and  in  Latin  the  amivtus  and  atmucium,  cor- 
respond to  the  amice  and  ammis^  as  we  have 
spelt  them ;  but  it  is  a  grave  error  to  confound 
the  two,  as  Mr.  Dyce  does  in  his  edition  of 


AMO  5 

Skelton,  ii.  134.    See  also  the  quotations  in 
Richardson,  vrhere,  however,  the  terms  are 
not  distinguished;  and  Prompt.  Parv.  p.  llr 
^here  the   distinction  between  the  two   is 
clearly  seen;    Palsgrave,  f .17;    Lockhart  s 
Life  of  Scott,  i.  309.     In  the  Prompt.  Parv. 
we  also  have  "  amuce  of  an  hare,  almucium, 
haSetur  in  horologio  divina  sapientia" 
And  hym  moost  lowly  pray, 
In  his  mynde  to  comprise 
Those  wordes  his  grace  dyd  saye 
Of  an  ammas  gray,       &tolton>*  Worts,  11. 84. 

AMNANT.  Pleasantly  (?).  See  Syr  Gawayne, 
p.  31.  Perhaps  it  should  be  avinant. 

AMNER.  An  almoner.  Not  an  unusual  form 
of  the  word.  See  Rutland  Papers,  p.  59  j 
Wright's  Monastic  Letters,  p.  49;  Prompt. 
Parv.  pp.  18,  19  ;  Cotgrave,  in  v.  Aumosnier. 

A-MOD.    Amidst;  in  the  middle,    langtoft. 

AMOND.    An  almond.    Minsheu. 

AMONESTE.  To  admonish;  to  advise.  (£•-&) 
Cf  Apology  for  the  Lollards,  p.  93;  Wright  s 
Christmas  Carols,  p.  31 ;  Chaucer,  cd.  Urry, 
p.  201;  MeBbeusr  p.  110. 

Bot  of  thas  that  he  amonestes,  the  whilke  ei  wonte 
for  to  thynta  lyghUy  the  vendee  of  God.  ^  ^  ^ 

AMONESTEMENT.  Advice;  admonition.  Cf. 
Morte  d'Arthur,  ii.  279. 

The  kyng  am.onestement'hvcte; 
Quykliche  tfcermea  he  ferde. 

Kyng  Alisaunder,  6974. 

AMONGE.    Amidst;   at  intervals,    Cf.  Ellis's 
Met.  Horn.  ii.  387 ;  Ritson's  Anc.  Pop.  Poet, 
p.  44.    The  phrase  ever  among,  in  Horn,  of  the 
Rose,  3771,  and  2  Henry  IV.  v.  3,  means  ever 
from  time  to  time,  ever  at  intervals- 
Be  it  right  or  wrong, 
These  men  among 

On  women  do  complaine.      Nutbrowne Maid,  i . 
And  ever  amongs,  mercy !  sche  cryde, 
That  he  ne  schulde  his  counselle  hide. 

Gower',  MS.  Soc.  Antiq.  134,  f.  59* 
Thai  etenand  dronken  right  i-nowe, 

And  made  myrth  ever  amonge: 

But  of  the  sowdon  speke  we  nowe, 

Howe  of  sorowe  was  his  songe. 

Sir  Yerumbras,  Mddlehill  MS. 
(Jometyme  thei  schul  be  pyned  longe 
With  hete,  and  sometyme  cold  amonge, 

MS.  dshmole  41,  f.  41. 

-*MONSI.     To  excommunicate.  (.^.-£) 
To  entredite  and  ainonsi 

Al  thai,  whate  hi  evir  be, 
That  laffbl  men  doth  robbi, 
Whate  in  lond,  what  in  see. 

Wright's  Political  Songs,  p.  1(56. 

AMONYE.    An  ointment  wherewith  the  Egyp- 
tians used  to  embalm  their  dead  bodies.    See 
Wickliffe's  New  Test.  p.  251. 
AMOOST.    Almost.     West. 
A-MORAGE.    On  the  morrow.  J?o5.  Glouc. 
AMORAYLE.    An  admiral,  q.  v. 

Two  hundred  knyghtes  withoute  faylei 
Fyve  hundred  ofamorayle. 

Richard  Coer  de  Lion,  6846. 
AMORETTE.    A  love  affair.  (^.-JV.)   Tyrwhitt 


AMO 

says  "  an  amorous  woman"  in  the  second  of 
these  instances,  where  it  may  be  merely  a  di- 
minutive, as  in  Florio,  in  v.  Amorino.   Jamie- 
son  explains  it,  lorn-knots,  garlands. 
For  not  i-cladde  in  silke  was  he, 
But  all  in  flourls  and  flourettesj 
I-paintid  all  with  atnorettes. 

Rt>m.  of  the  Rose,  S92. 
For  all  so  well  woll  love  be  setta, 
Undir  raggis  as  rich®  rotchette, 
And  eke  as  well  by  amorettus 
In  mourning  blacke,  as  bright  burnettes. 

Ibid.  4756. 

AMORILY.  Perhaps,  says  Tyrwhitt,  put  by 
mistake  for  -merilij.  The  old  glossaries  ex- 
plain it  "  amorously." 

The  seconde  lesson  Robin  Redebrestesang, 
Hail  to  the  God  and  Goddes  of  our  lay  1 
And  to  the  lectorn  arnorily  he  sprang, 

Hail>  quod  he,  O  thou  freshe  seson  of  May. 

Courts  of  LQUC,  1383. 
AMORIST.     An  amorous  person. 

An  amorist  is  a  creature  blasted  or  planet-stroken, 
and  is  the  dog  that  leads  blind  Cupid.  [1614,  sig.  K. 
A  Wife,  now  the  Widow  of  Sir  Thomas  Ooertury, 
AMORT.  Dejected ;  without  spirit ;  dead.  (Fr.) 
"  What  sweeting,  all  amort  /" — Tarn,  of  the 
Shrew,  iv.  3.    See  Hawkins's  Engl.  Dram.  iii. 
358  ;  Greene's  Works,  i.  146;  Tarltou's  Jests, 
app.  p.  131 ;  Euphues  Golden  Leg-acie,  ap.  Col- 
lier's Shak.  Lib.,  p.  124.    Ho\vell,  in  his  Lexi- 
con, translates  all-amort  by  tristc,  pensatif. 
A-MOHTHERED.  Murdered.    See  the  Herald's 
College  MS.  of  Robert  of  Gloucester,  quoted 
in  Hearne's  edition,  p.  144. 
AMORTISEN.    To  amortize ;  to  give  property 
in  mortmain.    (A.-NS)    The  word  amortised 
occurs  in  the  Persones  Tale,  p.  22,  and  is  ex- 
plained killed  in  the  glossaries.    It  may  pos- 
sibly bear  a  figurative  expression. 
Letmellerysand  bakerys  gadrehem  agilde, 

And  alle  of  assent  make  a  fraternite, 
Undir  the  pillory  a  litil  chapelle  DyUte, 

The  place  amorteysc,  and  purchase  liber  te- 

Lydgate's  Minor  Poems,  p.  207. 
If  lewed  men  kncwe  Qiis  Latyn, 
Thei  wolde  loke  whom  thei  yeve. 
And  arisen  hembifore, 
A  fy ve  dayes  or  sixe, 
Er  thei  amortised*;  to  monkes 
Or  chanons  hir  rente. 

Piers  PloztffJiman,  p.  314, 

AMOItWE.  In  the  morning ;  early  in  the  morn- 
ing. Cf.  Chaucer,  Cant.  T.  824,  2491  j  Rob. 
Glouc.  p.  159. 

Knight,  heseyd,  yeldthebylive, 
For  thou  art  gJled,  so  mot  y  thrive ! 
Now  ichave  a-drink, 
leharn  as  Fresche  as  ich  wag  amonoe, 

Gy  a/  Warwike,  p.  324. 
Amorua  syr  Atnya  dygTit  him  3are, 
And  tolie  his  leve  for  to  fare. 

MS.  Xtottce  326,  f.  6. 

AMORYG.  Explained  by  Hearne  u  to-morrow," 
Rob.  Glouc.  p.  234  ;  but  the  Herald's  College 
MS.  reads  "among,"  which  clearly  seems  to  be  , 
the  right  reading. 

AMOUNTE.  Smeared?  Mr.  Wright  thinks  it 
may  be  an  error  of  the  scribe  for  anoiitfe. 


AMP 

And  I  will  goe  gaither  slyche, 

The  shippe  for  to  caulke  and  pyehe  ; 

Amounts  yt  muste  be  with  stiche, 

Borde,  tree,  and  pynne.          Chester  Plays,  i.  47. 

AMOUNTMENT.     Reckoning. 

Examend  tham  and  cast  ilk  amountment. 

Peter  Langtf>ft,  p  248. 

AMOVE.  To  move.  Cf.  Davies's  York  Records, 
p.  85  ;  Chaucer,  ed.  Urry,  p.  364. 

To  Flaundres  she  fled  then,  full  sore  amoved, 
To  erle  Badwyn  hir  cousyn  nie  of  bloodde. 

Hardyng's  Chronicle,  f.  122. 

AMOWNE.  Gentleness.  See  an  old  document 
printed  in  Meyrick's  Critical  Enquiry,  ii.  252. 
AMOWRE.  Love.  See  Flor.  and  Blanch.  524 ; 
Hall,  Edward  IV.  f.  11 ;  Cov.  Myst.  p.  50.  The 
term  amours,  intrigues,  was  introduced  into 
England  in  the  seventeenth  century,  according 
to  Skinner. 

He  luked  up  unto  the  toure, 

And  merily  sang  he  of  amvwre. 

Sevyn  Sages,  2962. 

AMPER.  A  sort  of  inflamed  swelling.  East. 
"Ampered,  corrupted,  as  ampred  chees  in  Kent ; 
an  amper  or  ampor  in  Essex,  is  a  rising  scab  or 
sore,allso  a  vein  swelled  with  corrupted  bloud." 
Kennett,  MS.  Lansd.  1033.  Skinner  also  ap- 
propriates it  to  Essex,  but  Grose  to  Kent,  who 
explains  it,  a  "  fault,  a  defect,  a  flaw ;"  and 
Ray  gives  it  as  a  Sussex  word,  "  a  fault  or  flaw 
in  linnen,  or  woollen  cloath."  A  person  covered 
with  pimples  is  said  in  Somersetshire  to  be 
ampery,  while  the  same  word  is  used  in  the 
Eastern  counties  in  the  sense  of  weak,  or  un- 
healthy. Ampred  or  ampery  is  now  applied  to 
cheese  beginning  to  decay,  especially  in  Sus- 
sex ;  and  is  sometimes  used  when  speaking  of 
decayed  teetn.  An  ampre-ang  is  said  in  the 
glossaries  to  be  a  decayed  tooth  in  East  Sus- 
sex and  Kent. 
AMPERE  SSE.  An  empress. 

The  nexte  jer  therafter,  the  ampsresse  Mold 

Wende  out  of  this  live,  as  the  boc  ath  i-told. 

Rob.  Glouc.  p.  474. 

AMPERSAND.  The  character  &,  representing 
the  conjunction  and.  It  is  a  corruption  of 
and  per  se,  and.  The  expression  is,  or  rather 
was,  common  in  our  nursery  books.  In  Hamp- 
shire it  is  pronounced  amperzed,  and  very 
often  amper$£~and.  An  early  instance  of 
its  use  is  quoted  in  Strutt's  Sports  and  Pas- 
times, p.  399. 

AMPHIBOLOGICAL.  Ambiguous.  This  word 
occurs  in  Greene's  Planetomachia,  1588. 
Rider,  1640,  has  "  amphibologie,"  and  so  has 
Chaucer,  Troilus  and  Creseide,  iv.  1406. 

AMPLE.  (1)  To  go.  Apparently  a  corruption 
of  amble.  See  Watson's  Halifax  vocab.  in  v. 
North. 

(2)  Liberal;  generous.     Shak, 

AMPLE  CT.    To  embrace.    (Lat.) 

With  how  fervent  heart  should  we  profligate  and 
chase  away  sin  !  With  how  valiant  courage  should 
we  amplect  and  embrace  virtue  I  Becon's  Works,  p.  66. 

AMPOLY.    Same  as  amputte,  q.  v. 

AMPOT.    A  hamper.    Salop. 

AMPTE.  An  ant.  "  Serphus,  a  littell  beaste, 
not  unlike  an  amyt  or  pismere." — Cooper. 


7  AMY 

Calcicatres  a  graver  most  notable, 
Of  white  ivory  he  dide  his  besynesse, 
His  hande,  his  eye,  so  just  was  and  stable, 
Of  an  ampte  to  grave  out  the  lyknesse. 

Lydgate\<!  Minor  Poems,  p.  88. 
Bote  as  the  ampte  to  eschewe  ydulnesse 
In  somer  is  so  ful  of  bysynesse. 

MS.  Coll.  S.  Joh.  Oxon.  6,  f.  2. 

AMPTY.     Empty. 

In  o  gerner  that  ampty  was, 

Amorwe  by  foumleand  nome 

Two  hondred  sak  ful  of  guod  whete, 

Thej  nyste  whannes  yt  come. 

MS.  Coll.  Trin.  Ozon.  57,  f.  3 
My  ampty  skyn  begynneth  to  tremble  and  quake. 
M&.  Soc.  Antiq,  134,  f.  235. 

AMPULLE.    A  small  vessel.     (A.-N.) 
A  bolle  and  a  bagge 
He  bar  by  his  syde, 
And  hundred  ofampulJes 
On  his  hat  seten.  Piers  Ploughman,  p.  109. 

Late  it  stande  in  that  bacyne  a  daye  and  a  nyghte, 
and  do  thane  that  other  thc't  standis  abovene  in  a 
ampulle  of  glase  or  coper.  MS.  Lincoln .  Med.  f .  283. 

AMRELL.    An  admiral. 
Whan  he  herde  tell 
That  my  lorde  amvell 
Was  comyng  downe, 
To  make  hym  frowne.  SkeHon's  Works,  ii.  69. 

AMSEL.  A  blackbird.  Var.  dial. 
AMSEREY.  A  consistory  court. 

Thow  fals  boye,  seydethe  freyre, 

Y  somon  the  affore  the  avnserey. 

The  Frere  and  the  Bny,  Ixv. 

AMSOTE.    A  fool.    Prompt.  Parv.    [Anisote?] 
AMTY.    Empty. 

Amty  place  he  made  aboute,  and  folc  fleu  hym  faste ; 
A  wonder  maister  he  was  on,  that  hem  so  kowthe 
agaste.  Rob.  Glouc.  p.  17. 

With  nailes  thicke  al  abrod, 

Ase  tharemijten  strikie  one, 
That  man  ne  mijte  finde  ane  amtie  place 
On  al  heore  bodie  so  luyte. 

MS.  Laud.  108,  f.  99. 

AMUD.    Annoyed ;  repulsed.     So  explained  by 
Hearne,  in  Bob.  Glouc.  p.  524,  who  suggests 
anuid  with  great  probability. 
AMUSED.    Amazed. 

Let  not  my  lord  be  amused.     Ben  Jonson,  iii.  131. 
AMWOAST.    Almost.     Wilts.    In  the  North, 

the  form  of  this  word  is  sometimes  amyast. 
AMY.    A  friend;  a  lover.    (^.-M)     Cf.  Kyng 
Alisaunder,  376,  520,  1834. 

But  oon  olde  knyjt  that  hyght  Gryssy, 
He  lefte  at  home  for  hys  amy. 

MS,  Cantab.  Ff.  ii,  38,  f.  111. 
What  is  thi  name,  thou  swete  amy  ? 
Gladly  wite  therof  wolde  I. 

Cunar  Mundi,  MS.  Coll.  Trin.  Cantab,  f.  123. 
Ther  was  mani  levdi 
That  sore  biwepe  her  ami. 

Arthour  and  Merlin,  p.  256. 

AMYD.  Amidst.  In  the  Deposition  of  Richard 
II.  p.  1,  we  have  amyddis  in  the  same 
sense. 

4myd  the  launde  a  castel  he  sye, 
Noble  and  ryche,  ryght  wonder  hie.  Sir  Orpfieo,  343. 
AMYDON.  According  to  Cotgrave, "  fine  wheat- 
flower  steeped  in  water ;  then  strained,  and  let 
stand  mitfll  it  settle  at  the  bottome }  then 
drained  of  the  water,  aacl  dried  at  the  sunne ; 


ANA 


58 


ANA 


used  for  bread,  or  in  brothes,  it  is  very  nou- 
rishing ;  also,  starch,  made  of  wheat."     It  is 
mentioned  in  an  old  receipt  in  the  Forme  of 
Cury,  p.  26 ;  Warner's  Antiq,  Culin.  p,  10. 
AMYL.     Starch. 

Of  wheateis  made  amyl,  the  making  whereof  Cato 
and  Dioscorides  teacheth.  Good's  Kusbandrie,  1568. 

AMYLLIER.    An  almond-tree. 

The  briddes  in  blossoms  thei  beeren  wel  loude 
On  olyves,  and  amylliert,  and  al  kynde  of  trees. 

ThePistill  of  Susan,  st.  7- 

AMYRID.    Assisted;  remedied.    (A.-N.) 

To  help  the  with  my  power,  thow  shalt  be  ami/rid 
As  ferforth  as  I  may.         Chauc&;  ed.  Urry,  P-  617. 

AMYTTE.     To  approach.      (A.-S.) 
Any  science  that  is  trouthe, 
Y  shal  ttmytte  me  ther-to.      MS.  Sari  2382,  f.  119. 

AN.   (1)   A. 

The  king  of  Spayne  and  his  sones,  and  here  semli 

puple, 
Went  with  him  on  gate  wel  an  five  myle. 

Will,  and  the  Wenvolf,  p.  184. 

(2)  On.      Cf.  Piers  Ploughman,  p.   2;    Rob. 
Glouc.  p.  3  ;  Chaucer,  Cant.  T.  11161 ;  Rom.  of 
the  Rose,  2270;  SirEglamour,  906. 

Wanne  Cy  was  armed  and  wel  an  horce, 

Than  spronf,  up  is  herte.    MS.  Ashmole  33,  f.  40, 

Thou  olde  and  for-horyd  man, 

Welle  lytulle  wytt  ys  the  an, 

That  thou  folowest  owre  kynge. 

MS.  Cantab.  Ff.  ii.  38,  f.  219. 
Sche  no  told  him  nought  al  her  cas, 
Bot  that  sche  was  a  wriche  wiman, 
Thatmichel  sorwe  so  was  an, 

Gy  of  WartoiJee,  p.  170. 

(3)  Prefixed  to  a  verb,  in  the  same  manner  as  A, 
q.  v.     See  instances  in  Virgilius,  ed.  Thorns, 
p,  13 ;  Matthew,  iv.  2  ;  Pegge's  Anecdotes  of 
the  English  Language,  p.  180 ;  Prompt.  Parv. 
p.  172. 

(4)  Than.     North  and  East. 

(5)  If.     Sometimes  a  contraction  of  and  "before 
if,  where  it  occasionally  means  as  if,  (Mids. 
Night's  Dream,  i.  2,)  and  it  is  sometimes  re- 
dundaut,  especially  in  the  provincial  dialects. 

(6)  And.    This  sense  is  not  uncommon.    See 
Jennings,  p.  118  ;  Octovian,  1078. 

For  they  nolde  not  forsake  here  trw  fay, 
An  byleve  on  hys  falsse  lay. 

Const,  of  Masonry,  p.  31. 

(7)  To  give.     (A.-S.)    Sometimes  as  unnan  in 
the  primary  sense,  to  favour,  to  wish  well  to ; 
as  in   Sir  Tristrem,  p.  173.      See  Qu.  Rev. 
K  372  ;  Sir  Tristrem,  pp.  168,  264. 

(8)  A  dwelling. 

So  wele  were  that  ilke  man, 
Thatmijte  wonnen  in  that  an. 

Flor.  and  Blanch,  258. 

(9)  To  hate.    Lane. 

(10)  One.    North.    Cf.  Chester  Plays,  i.  233, 
238;  Sir  Tristrem,  p.  150. 

~ •  And  but  on  yje 

Amonge  hem  thre  in  purpertye. 

Gcwer,  MS.  Soc.  Antiq.  134,  f.  41. 
ANA.    In  an  equal  quantity.      Still  used  by 
physicians. 

Tak  jarow  and  waybrede  ana,  and  stampe 
thama,  aal  temper  thame  with  wyne  or  ale,  and 
glff It  the  «eks  at  drynke.  MS.  Lincoln.  MeL  f,  293. 


ANACK.    Fine  oaten  bread. 

Also  with  this  small  meale,  oatemeale  is  made  in 
divers  countries  sixe  severall  kindes  of  very  good  an  d 
wholesome  bread,. every  one  finer  then  other,  as  your 
anacks,  janacks,  and  such  like. 

Markhum's  English  House-wife,  1649,  p.  240. 

ANADEM.    A  wreath ;  a  chaplet ;  a  garland. 
And  for  their  nymphals,  building  amorous  bowers, 
Oft  drest  this  tree  with  anadems  of  flowers. 

TJrayton's  Owl,  ed,  1748,  p.  411. 

ANADESM.    A  band  to  tie  up  wounds.  Minsheu. 
ANAGNOSTIAN.    A  curate  that  serveth  onely 

to  reade,  or  a  clarke  or  scoller  that  readeth  to 

a  writer  or  his  master.     Mins?ieu. 
ANAIRMIT.     Armed.     Gaw. 
ANALEM.     A   mathematical    instrument  for 

finding  the  course  and  elevation  of  the  sun. 


AN-ALL.      Also.     A   Yorkshire    phrase,    the 
use  and  force  of  which  are  correctly  exhibited 
in  the  following  stanza : 
Paul  fell  down  astounded,  and  only  not  dead, 

For  Death  was  not  quit?  within  call : 
Recovering,  he  found  himself  in  a  warm  bed, 
And  in  a  warm  fever  an-alL 

Hunter's  Hallamsh.  Gloss,  p.  4. 

ANALYNG.  "Weber  thinks  tMs  may  be  a  cor- 
ruption of  annihilating,  i.  e.  killing.  See 
Kyng  Alisaunder,  2166,  "  analyng  of  stronge 
knighttes,"  but  we  should  no  doubt  read 
avafyng,  descending  from  or  falling  off  their 
horses. 

ANAMELDE.  Enamelled.  Cf.  Tundale,  p.  64 -, 
•Warton's  Hist.  Engl.  Poet.  iL  42. 

Thay  were  anamelde  with  asure, 
With  terepysand  with  tredoure. 

Sir  JDegrevante,  Lincoln  MS.  f,  133. 

ANAMET.    A  luncheon.    Hants. 
ANAMOURD.    Enamoured.     Cf.  Ernare',  226. 

A  grete  mayster  and  a  syre 

Was  anamowd  so  on  hyre.  MS.  Harl.  1701,  f.  54. 

Al  anamourd  on  him  thai  were, 

And  loved  Gij  for  his  feir  chere. 

Gy  of  Wartvike,  p.  5. 

ANAMZAPTUS.  This  word  repeated  in  the  ear 
of  a  man,  and  anamzapta  in  that  of  a  woman, 
is  said  to  be  a  cure  for  the  falling  sickness,  in 
a  curious  early  English  MS.  printed  in  the 
Archaeologia,  xxx.  399. 

ANAN.  How  ?  What  do  you  say  ?  It  is  made 
use  of  in  vulgar  discourse  by  the  lower  class 
of  persons  addressing  a  superior,  when  they 
do  not  hear  or  comprehend  what  is  said  to 
them.  It  is  going  out  of  use  now.  It  is  also 
a  corruption  of  anon,  immediately. 

ANANSY.  To  advance ;  to  exalt.  So  Hearne 
explains  it,  in  Hob.  Glouc.  p.  199.  The 
Heralds'  College  MS.  reads  avaunce ;  and 
perhaps  we  should  here  print  it  avansy. 

ANAPE.  Apparently  the  name  of  a  herb.  It  is 
mentioned  in  an  old  receipt  in  a  MS.  of  the 
15th  century,  penes  me. 

AN  APES.  Cloth.  It  seems  to  be  some  fine 
kind  of  fustian.  See  Cotgrave,  in  v.  Velours. 
It  is  generally  found  as  an  adjunct  to  fustian, 
as  in  Laneham,  p.  31 ;  Brit.  Bibl.  ii.  401 
This  is  of  course  the  proper  reading  in  Mid* 


ANC  ; 

dleton's  Works,  iv.  425,  "  set  a-fire  my  fustian 
and  apes  breeches,"  which  the  editor  proposes 
to  correct  to  Naples  breeches.  To  mend  the 
matter,  we  actually  find  apes'  breeches  set  down 
in  the  index  to  the  notes  !  Fustian  anapes  is 
also  mentioned  in  the  Strange  Man  telling 
Fortunes  to  Englishmen,  1662. 
ANARWE.  To  render  timid.  The  BodL  MS. 
reads  "an-arewest."  Perhaps  it  means,  to 
narrow,  to  diminish. 

He  makith  heom  way  with  scharpe  launce  ; 

Thy  men  anarwith  thy  continauncc. 

Kyng  AHsaunder,  3346. 

ANATOMY.    A  skeleton.    Lister  tells  us  he  was 

so  thin  he  "  was  like  an  anatomy."     See  his 

Autobiography,  ed.  Wright,  p.  45. 

ANAUNTRINS.    If  so  be.    North.     In  East 

Sussex  the  form  anaimtrins  is  in  use.      It 

seems  to  be  connected  with  the  old  word 

aunter;  so  that  anauntrins  would  correspond 

to peradventure.  See  Rob.  Glouc.  pp.  206,  311. 

ANBERRY.    A  kind  of  bloody  wart  on  a  horse. 

See  TopselTs  Hist,  of  Four-Footed  Beasts, 

p.  420  ;   Markham's  Cavelaxice,  b.  vii.  p.  80 ; 

Florio,  in  v,  Mdro;  Diet.  Rustic,  in  v.  Anbury. 

In  the  East  of  England,  a  knob  or  excrescence 

on  turnips  or  other  roots  is  called,  an  atiberry. 

AN  B  LE  RE .    An  ambling  nag. 

The  meyr  .stod,  as  ye  may  here, 

And  saw  hym  come  ride  up  anblere.     Launfal,  92. 

ANBY.     Some  time  hence;   in  the  evening. 

Somerset. 
ANCAR.     A  hermit.     See  Anchor. 

•With  horn  in  every  place  I  have  moche  besynes, 
and  also  with  an  anew  in  that  howse. 

Wrights  Monastic  Letters,  p.  212. 
ANCEANDE.    Anciently. 

For  men  may  oppen  and  se  thrugh  thiskay, 
Wat  has  been  anceande,  and  sail  be  aye. 

Clavis  Sdentieet  p.  3. 

ANCESSOURE.    Ancestor. 

To  the  and  to  thi  kynde  haf  thei  don  honours, 
Londes  haf  thei  gyven  to  thin  ancessoure. 

Peter  Langtoft,  p.  116. 
ANCHAISUN.    Reason ;  cause. 
And  for  anchai&un  of  mi  sone, 
The  more  and  for  is  lore.       MS*  Land.  108,,  f.  115. 
A.NCHANTEOR.    An  enchanter. 
Ac  anchanteor  Edwyne  adde  of  Spayne  wyth  hym  tho, 
That  couthe  hym  segge  of  ys  ded.es  al  hou  yt  ssolde  go. 
Rob.  Glouc.  p.  243. 

ANCHILATION.  Frustration.  It  is  so  explained 
in  an  old  glossary  in  MS.  Rawl.  Poet.  108. 

ANCHOR.  (1)  A  Dutch  liquid  measure,  or  cask, 
often  used  by  smugglers  to  carry  their  brandy 
on  horseback.  See  the  notes  of  the  commen- 
tators on  Merry  Wives  of  W.  i.  3. 

(2)  An.  anchoret ;  a  hermit. 

To  desperation  turn  my  trust  and  hope, 
An  anchor's  cheer  in  prison  be  my  scope, 

Hamlet,  iii.  2.  4to  ed. 

(3)  To  hold  like  an  anchor.    In  the  East  of 
England,  the  strong  tenacious  spreading  roots 
of  vigorous  plants  are  said  to  anchor  out. 

ANCHORIDGE.  A  church  porch,  particularly 
that  belonging  to  the  cathedral  church  of 
Durham ;  perhaps  so  called  in  allusion  to  a 


ANC 

ship,  of  which  some  parts  gave  names  to  the 
parts  of  a  church.  Kennetfs  MS.  Gloss. 
ANCHYRCHE.  A  church.  See  Hearne's  gloss, 
to  Rob.  Glouc.  and  the  Chrou.  p.  232.  It 
should  probably  be  two  words. 
ANCIE  NT.  A  standard-bearer,  or  ensign-bearer 
an  officer  now  called  an  ensign.  The  word  was 
also  used  for  the  flag  or  ensign  of  a  regiment 
or  of  a  ship.  The  old  editions  of  the  Merry 
Wives  of  Windsor  mention  on  their  titles, 
"  the  humours  of  Corporal  Nyrn  and  Ancient 
Pistol."  See  also  Collier's  Old  Ballads,  p.  31 ; 
Percy's  Reliques,  pp.  73, 144 ;  Leycester  Cor- 
respondence, p.  17  j  Account  of  the  Grocers' 
Company,  p.  330.  Kennett,  MS.  Lansd.  1033, 
has  amhent,  the  flag  in  the  stern,  of  a  ship. 
ANCILLE.  A  maid-servant.  (Lat.)  Cf. 
Chaucer's  ABC,  109 ;  Lydgate's  Minor  Poems, 
p.  37. 

That  she  was  doughtre  of  David  by  discent, 
Sterre  of  the  see  and  Goddes  owne  ancille, 

Lydgate,  MS.Jshmole  39,  f,  10. 
Biholde,  quod  sche,  of  God  the  meke  ancille, 
With  alle  my  herte  obeyinge  to  his  wille. 

Lydgate,  MS.  Soc.  Antiq.  134,  f.  2. 

ANCLE-BONE.  A  name  given  by  sailors  to  the 
prickly  lobster.    See  Kennett's  Glossary,  MS. 
Lajisd.  1033,  f.  16, 
ANCLERS.    Ancles.    Salop. 
ANCLET.    The  ancle.    North.    Sometimes  a 

gaiter. 

ANCLIFF.    The  ancle.    North. 
ANCLOWE.    The  ancle.    (A.-S.)    Cf.Arthour 
and  Merlin,  5206. 

In  blood  he  stode,  ich  it  abovre, 
Of  horse  and  man  into  the  anclowe. 

Elite's  Met.  Rom.  i.  279. 

ANCOME.  A  small  ulcerous  swelling,  formed 
unexpectedly.  Rider  translates  it  morbus  ad- 
ventitius.  According  to  Diet.  Rustic.  "  a 
swelling  or  bump  that  is  hard  and  hot."  See 
Estward  Hoe,  iii.  1 ;  Qu.  Rev.  Iv.  372.  In. 
Scotland,  an  attack  of  disease  is  called  an  on- 
come;  and  in.  a  curious  MS.  of  old  receipts  in 
Lincoln  Cathedral,  f.  300,  is  one  "  for  onkome 
one  arme,"  which  agrees  with  what  Mr.  Garnett 
says  of  the  form  of  the  word  in  the  place  just 
cited.  See  Uncome. 

ANCONY.  A  term  in  the  iron  works  for  a  bloom, 
wrought  into  the  figure  of  a  flat  iron  bar,  about 
three  feet  in  length,  with  a  square  rough  knob 
on  each  end.  See  Kennett's  MS.  Gloss,  f.  3  6. 
In  Staffordshire  one  of  these  knobs  is  called  an 
ancony-end,  the  other  a  mocket-head. 
ANCRE.  An  anchor. 

Right  so  fareth  Love,  that  selde  in  one 
Holdeth  his  ancre,  for  right  anone, 
Whan  thei  in  ese  wene  best  to  live, 
They  ben  with  tempest  all  for-drive. 

Horn,  of  the  Rose,  3JT80. 

ANCRE  S.  A  female  anchoret,  or  hermit.  The 
term  ancre  is  applied  to  a  nun  in  Reliq.  Antiq. 
ii.  1 ;  Rob.  Glouc.  p.  380.  Palsgrave,  f.  17,  has, 
"Anchre,  a  religious  man;  anchres,  a  religious 
woman." 

Nowe  wyll  I  take  the  mantelland  therynge, 
And  become  an  ancrewe  In  my  lyvynge. 

Squyr  ofLaweItegr£t  S66» 


AND 


60 


ANE 


Or  for  what  cause  she  may  no  husband  have, 
But  live  an  ancresse  in  so  strict  a  roome. 

Hay  wood's  Great  Britaines  Troy,  1609,  p.  95. 
ANCYLE.    A  kind  of  javelin  or  dart,  or  the 
leather    thong  with  which    it    is    thrown. 
Phillips. 
AND.     (1)  If.    North. 

So  wole  Crist  of  his  curteisie, 
And  men  crye  hym  mercy, 
Bolhe  forgy  ve  and  foryete. 

Piers  Ploughman,  p.  362. 

(2)  Used  redundantly  in  old  ballads. 
Robin  Hood  he  was,  and  a  tall  young  man, 

And  fifteen  winters  old.  Robin  Hood,  ii.  12. 

(3)  Breath.     See  Aande.     (Isl.) 

Myn  ees  are  woren  bothe  marke  and  blynd, 
Myn  and  is  short,  I  want  wynde, 
Thus  has  age  dystroed  my  kynd. 

Towneley  Mysteries,  p  154, 
Thai  rested  than  a  litel  stound, 
For  to  tak  thair  ande  tham  till, 
And  that  was  with  thair  bother  will. 

Yivaine  and  Gawin>  3555. 

Ryghte  es  it  by  prayere  als  by  draweyng  of  ande, 
for  ever  to  jemyng  of  cure  bodily  lyfe  us  nedis  to 
drawe  oure  ande,  that  es,  to  drawe  ayere. 

MS.  Lincoln  A.  i.  17,  f.  250. 
AND-AW.    Also;  likewise.     North. 
ANDEDE.  (1)  Indeed.  So  explained  by  Hearne ; 
but  see  Hob.  Glouc.  p.  320,  where  it  is  "  an 
dede,"  i.  e,  a  deed. 
(2)  Confessed.     Verstegan. 
ANDELONG.    Lengthways.     (A.-S.) 
Andelang,  nouht  overthwert, 
His  nose  went  unto  the  stert.         HaveloTe,  2822. 
ANDERSMAS.    The  mass  or  festival  of  St.  An- 
drew.    YorJcsh. 
ANDERSMEAT.      An    afternoon's    luncheon. 

Cf.  Florio  in  v.  Mercnda.     See  also  Aunder. 
ANDESITH.    Previously.    (A.-S.) 
Aff rik  that  es  the  tother  parti, 
That  andesith  was  cald  Libi. 

MS.  Cott.  resptts.  A.  iii.  f.  13. 
ANDIRONS.  The  ornamental  irons  on  each 
side  of  the  hearth  in  old  houses,  which  were 
accompanied  with  small  rests  for  the  ends 
of  the  logs.  The  latter  were  sometimes 
called  dogs,  but  the  term  andirons  frequently 
included  both,  as  in  the  proverb  recorded  by 
Howell, "  Bauds  and  attorneyes,  like  andyrons, 
the  one  holds  the  sticks,  the  other  their  clients, 
till  they  consume."  Mr.  J.  G,  Nichols,  glossary 
to  the  Unton  Inventories,  considers  the  dogs 
to  be  synonymous  with  the  creepers,  q,  v.  but 
the  term  was  also  applied  to  part  of  the  and- 
irons, and  the  latter  are  still  called  andogs  in 
the  Western  counties.  We  find  in  Ducange, 
"  andena  est  ferrum,  supra  quod  opponuntur 
ligna  in  igne,  quod  alio  nomine  dicitur  hyper- 
pyrgium  ;"  and  Miege  makes  the  andiron  and 
dog  synonymous.  The  andirons  were  some- 
times made  of  superior  metal,  or  gilt,  and  of 
very  large  dimensions.  See  Malone's  Shake- 
speare, xiii.  85  ;  Reliq.  Antiq.  ii.  84 ;  Halle  of 
John  Halle,  i.  600  ;  The  Alchemist,  v.  1. 
ANDULEES.  Puddings  made  of  hog's  guts  and 
spice.  They  are  mentioned  in  an  old  MS. 
printed  in  the  Archseologia,  xiii,  371,  388. 


AN>DUR.    Either.   (Dan.) 

Thow  I  me  to  townward  drawe, 

Andw  to  lurke  or  to  leyke, 
The  wyves  wil  out  me  drawe, 

And  dere  me  with  her  doggus  grete. 

MS.  Cantab.  Ff.  v.  48,  f.  110. 

ANDYRS.  Other.  (A.-S.}  The  more  usual  form 
is  entires,  as  in  the  Lincoln  MS.  f.  149.  See 
a  similar  phrase  in  Sharp's  Coventry  Myst.  p. 
113.  Jamieson  explains  it  St.  Andrew's  day, 
the  30th  of  November ;  but  it  is  difficult  to 
reconcile  this  explanation  with  the  "  mery 
mornyng  of  May" 

As  I  me  went  this  andyrs  day, 

Fast  on  my  way  makyng  my  mone, 
In  a  mery  mornyng  of  May, 

Be  Huntley  bankes  myself  alone. 

MS.  Cantab,  Ff.  v.  48,  f.  116. 

ANE.  (1)  A  beard  of  corn.  See  an  account  of 
different  kinds  of  wheat,  and  the  anes,  in 
Fitzharbert's  Booke  of  Husbandrie,  ed.  1598, 
p.  22,  See  Aane. 

(2)  One;  a.      Cf.  Hartshorne's  Met.  Tales,  p. 
47 ;  Cokwold's  Daunce,  194 ;  Ritson's  Ane. 
Songs,  p.  23. 

The  kyng  of  Charturs  was  tane, 
And  other  Sarsyns  many  ane. 

MS.  Cantab.  Ff.  ii.  38,  f.  168. 
Thay  faht  wiht  Heraud  everilk  ane, 
Wiht  gud  wil  thay  wald  him  slane. 

Guy  of  Warwick,  MiMlehlll  MS. 
And  souner  to  many  then  to  ane, 
That  here  hath  the  ri3t  trouthe  tane. 

MS.  Bodl.  48,  i .  5* 

Thus  was  Thow  aye  and  evere  salJe  be, 
Thre  yn  ane,  and  ane  yn  thre. 

MS.  Lincoln  A.  i.  17,  f.  189. 

(3)  Alone.  "  Bi  hyme  ane,"  by  himself. 

And  he  lighte  off  his  horse,  and  went  bi  hyme  ane 
to  the  Jewes,  and  knelid  downe  to  the  erthc,  und 
wirchippede  the  hye  namp  of  Godd. 

Life  of  Alexander,  MS.  Lincoln,  f.  6. 

(4)  A.    See  n".  2. 

Alivs  !  thou  seli  Fraunce,  for  the  may  thunche  shome, 
That  ane  fewe  fullaris  maketh  ou  so  tome. 

Wright's  Political  Songs,  p.  194. 

(5J  Own.  North. 

(6)  1*0  aim  at.    Somerset, 

(7)  On. 

The  heade  and  armes  hangynge  on  the  one  syde  of 
the  horse,  and  the  legges  ane  the  other  hyile,  and  all 
byspryncled  wyth  myre  and  blonde. 

Hall,  Richnrtl  UI,  f  34. 

ANEAOUST.    Near  to;  almost.     HMfurM. 

ANEAR.  (])Near.  Somerset,  Richardson  quotes 
an  example  of  this  word  from  Bishop  Atter- 
bury,  Let.  50. 

(2)  To  approach. 

I  hyre  say  that  all  men  that  wylbe  sworne  unto 
hym,  they  shall  take  noo  hurte  by  hym,  ne  by  none 
that  is  toward  hym  ;  by  meanes  whvreof  diverse  hus- 
bandmen a»eryth  unto  hym»  for  fere  of  lostys  of 
ther  goodes.  Staf  Papers,  ii,  200. 

ANEARST.  Near.  Exmoor.  The  more  com- 
mon Somersetshire  form  is  ancast.  Nares  says 
aneirst,  a  provincial  term  for  the  nearest  way. 

.    See  his  Gloss,  in  v.  An-heirs. 

ANEATH.    Beneath.    North. 

ANE-BAK.   Aback.  Gaw. 

ANEDE.   United ;  made  one.   At  f.  227  of  the 


ANE  t 

Lincoln  MS.  anede  is  given  as  the  translation 
of  mhabitavit. 

We  may  noghte  hafe  the  vis  of  his  luf  here  in  ful- 
filling, bot  we  may  hafe  a  desyre  and  a  gret  5ernyng 
for  to  be  present  to  hym  for  to  se  hym  in  his  blysse, 
and  to  be  anede  to  hym  in  lufe. 

MS.  Lincoln  A.  i.  17,  f.  226. 

ANE-END.  Upright ;  not  lying  down  ;  on  one 
end.  When  applied  to  a  four-footed  animal,  it 
means  rearing,  or  what  the  heralds  call  ram- 
pant. Var.  dial.  In  Cheshire,  it  signifies  per- 
petually, evermore.  In  some  glossaries  the  or- 
thography is  anind.  Cotgrave  has  "  to  make 
one's  haire  stand  annend,"  in  v.  Ahurir, 
Dresser. 
ANEHEDE.  Unity. 

For  God  wald  ay  with  the  Fader  and  the  Son, 
And  with  the  Haly  Cast  in  anehede  won. 

MS.  Harl.  4196,  f.  215. 

Dere  frende,  wit  thou  wele  that  the  ende  and  the 
soveraynte"  of  perfeccione  standes  in  a  verray  anehede 
of  Godd  and  of  manes  saule,  by  perfyte  charyte\ 

MS.  Lincoln  A.  1. 17,  f.  219. 

ANELACE.  A  kind  of  knife  or  dagger,  usually 
worn  at  the  girdle.  It  is  mentioned  by 
Matt.  Paris,  who  seems  to  say  it  was  for- 
bidden priests  to  wear.  See  Ducange.  in  v. 
Anelacius  ;  Halle  of  John  Halle,  i.  212. 

At  sessions  ther  was  he  lord  and  sire ; 

Ful  often  time  he  was  knight  of  the  shire. 

An  anelace  and  a  gipclere  all  of  silk 

Heng  at  his  girdel,  white  as  morwe  milk. 

Chaucer,  Cant.  T.  359. 

Sche  schare  a-to  hur  own  halse 

Wyth  an  analasse.     MS,  Cantab.  Ff.  ii.  38,  f.  94. 

Bot  Arthur  with  ane  anlace  egerly  srayttez, 

Aud  hittez  ever  in  the  hulke  up  to  thehiltez. 

Morte  Arthurs*  MS.  Lincoln,  f.  65. 

ANELAVE.  To  gape.  This  word  occurs  in  an 
old  vocabulary  in  MS.  Harl.  219  of  the  fif- 
teenth century,  as  the  translation  of  the  French 
verb  "beer." 

ANELE.  (1)  To  anoint  with  holy  oil.  Cf. 
Prompt.  Parv.  p.  11 ;  Wright's  Monastic  Let- 
ters, p.  34.  See  Aneling. 

(2)  To  temper  in  the  fire.  Cf.  Ashmole's  Theat. 
Chem.  Brit.  p.  96  ;  Baret's  Alvearie,  in  v. 

So  as  the  fyre  it  hath  anelid, 
Liche  unto  slyra  whiche  is  congeled. 

Gow&r,  MS.  Soc.  Antiq.  134,  f.  194. 

ANELEDE.    Approached.     (A.-S.) 

Bothe  wyth  bullez  and  berez,  andborezotherquyle, 
And  etaynez,  that  hym  anelede>  of  the  heje  felle. 
Syr  Gawayne,  p,  28. 

ANELING.  (1)  An  animal  that  brings  forth  one 
young  at  a  time. 

Their  ewes  also  are  so  full  of  increase,  that  some 
dos  usuallie  bring  foorth  two,  three,  or  foure  lambes 
at  once,  whereby  they  account  our  aneling-s,  which 
are  such  as  bring  foorth  but  one  at  once,  rather  bar- 
ren than  to  be  kept  for  aniegaine. 

Harrison's  Desc.  of  B fit .  p.  42. 

(2)   The    sacrament    of   anointing.      Cf.    Sir 
T.  More's  Works,  p.  345;  Brit.  Bibl.  ii.  532, 
These  clerkys  kalle  hytoynament, 
On  Englys  hy  t  ys  anetyng,       MS.  Harl.  1701,  f.  74. 
ANELY.    Only ;  alone ;  solitary. 
And  that  it  be  for  chastiing 
Anely,  and  for  none  other  thing. 

2f&  Cott.  Galba  E.  ix.  f.  70. 


1  ANE 

Wharfore  ourlevedy  mayde.i  Mary 
Was  in  pryv6  place  anely. 

MS.  Bibl.  ColL  Sim.  xviii.  6. 
So  anely  the  lufe  of  hir  was  soghte, 
To  dede  thay  were  nere  dyghte. 

MS  Lincoln  A.  i.  17,  f.  118. 

Worldes  men  that  sees  haly  men  have  thaire  hope 
anely  in  thyng  that  es  noght  in  sight. 

MS.  Coll.  Eton.  10,  f.  40. 
Sir,  jelif  ananZylife, 
We  wald  jow  rede  to  wed  a  wife. 

MS.  Cott,  Galba  E.  ix.  f.  23. 
ANELYNES.     Solitariness. 

Noghte  in  delytes,  bot  in  penance;  noghte  in 
wantone  joyeynge,  botinbytter  gretynge;  noghte 
emange  many,  bot  in  anelynea. 

MS.  Lincoln  A.  i.  17,  f.  193. 

ANEMIS.  Lest.  Ray.  under  the  word  spar, 
says,  "  This  word  is  also  used  in  Norfolk,  where 
they  say  spar  the  door  anemis  he  come,  i.  e.  shut 
the  door  lest  he  come  in."  It  does  not  appear 
that  this  word  is  still  in  use. 
ANEMPST.  With  respect  to ;  concerning.  See 
Wright's  Monastic  Letters,  p.  167;  Rutland 
Papers,  pp.  5,14,  where  it  is  used  in  the  same 
sense  as  anenst,  q.  v. 

And  wee  humbly  beseech  your  highnes  wee  may 
knowe  your  Graces  pleasure  howe  wee  shall  order 
ourselves  anempst  your  graces  saydcy tie  and  castell, 
for  our  discharge.  State  Papers,  ii.  204. 

In  the  tother  seven  bene 
Anamptes  our  neyhcbour,  y  wene. 

MS.  BodL  48,  f.  63. 

AN-END.      Onwards;  towards  the  end.     A 
Norfolk  clown  calls  to  his  companion  "  to  go 
an-end"  when  he  wants  him  to  go  forward. 
See  the  Two  Gent,  of  Verona,  iv.  4.    In  some 
counties  we  have  the  expression  "  to  go  right 
an-end,"  i.  e.  to  go  straight  forward  without 
delay  in  any  project. 
ANENDIE.    To  finish.    [Amendie  ?] 
And  thene  at  then  ende, 

Here sunnen  al  anendie.        MS.  Diqby  86, f.  128. 
ANENS.    Chains ;  fetters. 

Now  er  his  anens  wrouht  of  silvere  wele  over  gilt ; 
Dayet  that  therof  rouht,  his  was  alle  the  gilt. 

Peter  Lmngtoft,  p.  167. 

ANENST.  Against ;  opposite  to ;  over  against. 
u  Ex  opposite  ecclesicB)  Anglice,  anens  the 
cherche." — MS.  Bib.  Keg.  12  B  i.  f.  84.  It  is 
also  used  in  the  sense  of  concerning.  See 
Plumpton  Correspondence,  pp.  7,  172 ;  Apo- 
logy for  the  Lollards,  pp.  29,  80 ;  Wright's 
Monastic  Letters,  p.  54  ;  Mono,  in  v.  Ardndaa 
rdnda  f  Maundevile's  Travels,  p.  298. 

Tak  thane  and  mye  it  smalle,  and  do  it  alle  to- 
gedir,  and  roak  it  in  a  playster,  and  lay  it  one  thi 
breste  anense  thi  hert.  MS.  Meditin.  Catk.  Line,  f.289. 

ANENT.  Over  against ;  immediately  opposite. 
Watson  says  it  is  common  in  Halifax  to  hear 
the  expression  opposite  anent.  The  Scottish 
meaning  concerning  does  not  appear  to  be  now 
used  in  Yorkshire.  Anentis  occurs  in  Reli^. 
Antiq.  ii.  47,  in  the  sense  of  concerning  ,*  and  in 
Hardyng's  Chronicle,  f.  170,  in  the  sense  of 
against.  S  ee  also  Wickliffe's  New  Test.  p.  23  ; 
Plumpton  Corresp-p.  77. 

Of  that  doun-cast  we  may  bi  chaunce 

Anent  this  world  get  eoveraunce. 

Cursor  Mundi,  MS.  Cantab,  f.  141* 


ANE 


62 


ANG 


Abstinence  Is  than  ryght  clere  anenyste  God. 

MS.  Hart.  6580 

ANE  OUST.    Near ;  almost.     Var.  dial. 
ANERDIS.    Adheres ;  dwells  with.     Gaw. 
ANERLUD.    Adorned? 
With  miche  and  nevyn, 

Anerlud  with  ermyn,        MS.  Cantab.  Ff.  i.  6,  f.  84. 
ANERN.      See  Kyng  Alisaunder,  560,   where 
"Weber  conjectures  anon,  doubting  whether  it 
should  not  be  an  ern,  i.  e.  an  eagle. 
ANERRE.    To  draw  near  to ;  to  approach.     See 
linear. 

As  long  as  the  gale  puffeth  full  in  your  sailes ,  doubt 
not  but  diverse  will  anen-e  unto  you,  and  feed  on 
you  as  crowes  on  carion. 

Stanihurst's  Hist,  of  Ireland,  p.  90. 
ANERTHE.    On  the  earth.      Cf.  Rob.  Glouc. 
pp.311,  441 ;  Black's  Cat.  of  Ashmol.  MSS. 
col.  67 ;  St.  Brandan,  p.  3. 
After  that  God  anerthe  com 
Aboute  vif  hondred  jere.      MS.  Ashmole  43,  f.  172. 
ANE  S.  (1)  Just  like;  similar  to.    Somerset.    In 
the  same  county  we  have  anes-to,  almost,  ex- 
cept, all  but. 

(2)  Ouce.     Cf.  Ywaine  and  Gawin,  292 ;  Reliq. 
Antiq.  ii.  280.     Still  used  in  the  North. 
For  why  thay  dide  the  bot  anes  that  dede, 
And  they  knewe  the  noghte  Gode  in  manhede. 

MS.  Lincoln  A.  i.  17,  f.  190. 

ANE  SAL.    A  term  in  hawking.     See  a  tract  on 

the  subject  in  Reliq.  Antiq.  i.  299. 
ANET.    The  herb  dill.    See  a  receipt  in  MS. 

Med.  Cath.  Line.  f.  286 ;  Minsheu,  in  v. 
ANETHE.    Scarcely.    The  more  usual  form  is 
unnethe,  but  anethys  occurs  in  Prompt.  Parv. 
p.  12.    (A-S.) 
Sora  dansed  so  long, 
Tell  they  helde  owt  the  townge, 
And  anethe  meyt  hepe. 

FrereandtUeBoy,  st.  Ixxxi. 

But  if  Mars  hathe  be  with  the  lune  or  mercury  of 

sol,  it  shallbeagretinfirmyte',  and  anethe  he  shalle 

speke.  MS.Eodl.591. 

ANETHER.    To  depress.    See  a  passage  in  the 

Heralds'  College  MS.  quoted  by  Hearne,  p.  46. 

In  thys  half  there  were  aslawe  the  noble  men  and 

hende, 

SyreLyger  due  of  Babyloyne,  and  another  due  al-so, 
And  the  erl  of  Salesbury,  and  of  Cycestre  therto  ; 
And  also  the  erl  of  Bathe,  so  that  thoru  thys  cas 
The  compaynye  a  thes  half  rauche  anethered  was. 

Rob.  Glouc  p.  21 7. 

ANEUS'T.  Much  the  same.  Grose  gives  the 
Gloucestershire  phrase,  "aneustcti.  an  aneust- 
ness"  corresponding  to  the  more  common 
"much  of  a  muchness,"  though  the  a  is  gene- 
rally dropped.  Florio  has  "  Arente,  anenst, 
aneust,  very  neere  unto ;"  and  Grose  says  in 
Berkshire  it  has  the  sense  of  "about  the 
matter,  nearly."  In  an  old  grammatical  tract 
in  MS.  Bib.  Reg.  12  B.  i.  f.  82,  is  "Quantum  ad 
hoc,  Angltce,  aneust  that." 
ANEW.  (1)  To  renew.  Cf.  Depos.  of  Richard 
II.  p.  15. 

Thanne  come  the  tothir  ij.  kyngis,  and  toke  his 
body,  and  anewed  it  with  bysshopys  clothis  and 
kyngis  ornamentes,  and  bare  hym  to  this  tombe,  and 
with  grete  devocioun  leyde  hym  therynne. 

MS.  Karl,  1704. 


Tik  May  butter  and  comyne,  and  stampethame 
samene,  and  laye  it  on  lyve,  and  thane  laye  it  on  the 
eghe,  and  ofte  anetoe  it.         MS.  Lincoln.  Med.  f.  284. 
(2)  Enough.     Var.  dial 

Take  jws  of  rubarbe  ful  aney, 
And  as  mekyl  of  eysyl,  I  the  sey. 

Archceologia,  xxx.  355. 

ANEYS.    Aniseed. 

Thenne  messe  it  forth,  and  florissh  it  with  aneys  in 
confy  t  rede  other  whyt.  Forme  of  Cuiy,  p.  26, 

ANFALD.     Single ;  one.     (A.-S.) 
Therfor  is  he  cald  Trinite", 
For  he  es  anfald  Gocid  in  thre. 

MS  Cott.  Vespas.  A.  in.  f.  3. 

ANFELDTYHDE.  A  simple  accusation.  (A.-S.) 
See  Bromton's  Chronicle,  quoted  by  Skinner 
inv. 

ANG.  The  hairy  part  of  an  ear  of  barley.  North. 
Probably  a  corruption  of  awn. 

ANGARD.     Arrogant.    (A.-N.)     The  following 
is  quoted  in  the  glossary  to  Syr  Gawayne. 
Thire  athils  of  Atenes,  ther  angard  clerkis, 
Than  reverenst  thai  the  riche  seele,  and  red  over 
the  pistille.  MS*  Ashmole  44,  f.  40. 

ANGEL.  (1)  A  gold  coin,  varying  in  value  from 
about  six  shillings  and  eightpence  to  ten  shil- 
lings ;  affording  a  subject  for  many  a  wretched 
pun  to  Shakespeare  and  his  contemporaries.  It 
was  introduced  by  Edward  IV.  in  the  early  part 
of  his  reign.  See  Davies's  York  Records, 
p.  168.  It  is  used  in  the  primitive  sense  of  a 
messenger ',  in  Tarn,  of  the  Shrew,  iv.  2.  "There 
spake  an  angel,"  an  old  proverbial  expression. 
See  Sir  Thomas  More,  p.  6. 

(2)  An  angular  opening  in  a  building.  See 
Willis's  Architectural  Nomenclature,  p.  52. 

ANGEL-BED.  A  kind  of  open  bed,  without 
bed-posts.  Phillips. 

ANGEL-BREAD.  A  kind  of  purgative  cake, 
made  principally  of  spurge,  ginger,  flour,  and 
oatmeal.  A  receipt  for  it  is  given  in  an  old 
MS.  of  receipts  in  Lincoln  Cathedral,  f.  291. 

ANGELICA.      A  species  of  masterwort.     See 
Gerard,  ed.  Johnson,  p.  999,  and  the  Nomen- 
clator,  1585,  p.  128. 
And  as  they  walke,  the  virgins  strow  the  way 
With  costmary  and  sweete angelica. 

Hey  wood's  Marriage  Triumph,  1613. 

ANGELICAL-STONE.  A  kind  of  alchemical 
stone,  mentioned  by  Ashmole,  in  his  Pro- 
legomena to  the  Theat  Chem.  Brit.  1652. 
Howell  inserts  angelical-water  in  the  list  of 
perfumes  appended  to  his  Lexicon,  sect.  32. 

ANGELICK.  Dr.  Dee  informs  us  in  MS. 
Ashmole  1790,  that  his  magical  works  are 
"  written  in  the  angelick  language."  i.  e.  the 
language  of  spirits ;  and  they  are  certainly  most 
incomprehensible  documents. 

ANGELOT.  (1)  A  small  cheese  brought  from 
Normandy,  and  supposed  by  Skinner  to  have 
been  originally  so  called  from  the  maker's 
name. 

Your  angelots  of  Brie, 

Your  Marsolini,  and  Parmasan  of  LodJ. 

The  Wits,  iv.  1. 

(2)  A  gold  coin  of  the  value  of  half  an  angel, 
current  when  Paris  was  in  possession  of  the 
English 


ANG 


63 


ANH 


ANGEL'S-EOOD.  Apparently  a  cant  term  for 
heavy  ale.  See  a  curious  account  in  Harrison's 
Description  of  England,  p.  202. 
ANGER.  Sorrow.  (A.-S.)  It  is  both  a  substan- 
tive and  a  verb.  Cf.  Erie  of  Tolous,  914 ; 
Prompt.  Parv.  p.  12  ;  Towneley  Myst.  p.  99  ; 
Will,  and  the  Werwolf,  p.  21. 

Than  sayd  the  lady  fay  re  and  free, 
If  je  be  angrede  for  the  luflfe  of  mee, 
It  graves  me  wondir  sare. 

MS.  Lincoln  A.  i.  17,  f.  139. 

And  as  thay  went  one  this  wyse  with  grete  angere 
and  disese,  aboute  the  elleved  houre  they  saw  a  litille 
bate  in  the  rivere  made  of  rede,  and  mene  rowande 
theriu.  Life  of  Alexander,  MS,  Lincoln,  f.  28. 

ANGERICH.   Angrily. 

And  angericfi  I  wandrede 
The  Austyns  to  prove. 

Piers  Ploughman,  p.  466. 

ANGERLY.  Angrily.  ShaJk. 
ANGILD.  A  fine.  SJcinner. 
ANGIRLIGHE.  Angrily. 

But  for  that  he  with  angir  wroujte, 

His  angris  cwgirliche  he  boujte. 

Gotver,  MS.  Soc.  Antiq..  134,  f.  86. 

ANGLE.  (1)  A  corner. 

Go,  run,  search,  pry  in  every  nook  and  angle  of 
the  kitchens,  larders,  and  pastries. 

The  Woman  Hater,  i.  2. 

(2)  An  astrological  term  applied  to  certain 
houses  of  a  scheme  or  figure  of  the  heavens, 

ANGLE-BERRY.  A  sore,  or  kind  of  hang-nail 
under  the  claw  or  hoof  of  an  animal.  North. 
See  Kennett's  Glossary,  MS.  Lansd.  1033. 

ANGLE-BOWING.  A  method  of  fencing  the 
grounds  wherein  sheep  are  kept  by  fixing  rods 
like  bows  with  both  ends  in  the  ground,  or  in 
a  dead  hedge,  where  they  make  angles  with 
each  other.  See  the  Exmoor  Scolding,  p.  9. 

ANGLEDOG.  A  large  earthworm.  Devon.  The 
older  word  is  angle-twitch,  as  in  MS.  Sloane 
3548,  f.  99,  quoted  in  Prompt.  Parv.  p.  279. 
In  Stanbrigii  Vocabula,  1615,  lumbricus  is 
translated  by  angle-touch  ;  and  they  are  called 
tweyanglys  in  Archaeologia,  xxx.  376. 
t  For  senowys  that  be  kutt.  Take  awggwyltwachys, 
and  put  them  in  oyle  olyff  smale  choppyd,  and  than 
ley  therof  in  the  wownde,  and  so  let  it  ly  iij.  or  iiij. 
dayys.  Middlehill  MS.  f.  12. 

ANGLER.    One  who  begs  in  the  daytime,  ob- 
serving what  he  can  steal  at  night.     A  cant 
term.    See  Dodsle/s  Old  Plays,  vi.  109. 
ANGLET.     A  little  corner.     (JV.)    Cotgrave 

Anglicises  it  in  v.  Anglet. 

ANGNAIL.    A  Cumberland  word,  according  to 

Grose,  for  a  corn  on  the  toe.     Lye  says, 

"  Northamptoniensibus  est  clavus  pedum,  ge- 

•     naursa,  pterugium."   See  Agnail,  which  Howell 

explains  "  a  sore  between  the  finger  and  nail." 

ANGOBER.     A  kind  of  large  and  long  pear. 

Diet.  Rust. 
ANGORAS.    An  anchorite. 

And  lever  he  had,  as  they  trowedon  ychon, 
To  sytte  upon  a  matte  of  the  angoras. 

Chron.  Vilodun.  p.  35. 

ANGROMED.    Grieved;  tormented.    (A.-S.) 
And  mi  gost  angi-omed  is  over  smert, 
In  me  to-dreved  is  mi  hert. 

MS.  Bodl.  425,  f.  a9. 


ANGRY.  Painful ;  inflamed ;  smarting.  Fox,., 
says  "  painfully  inflamed,"  and  applies  it  to 
kibes,  as  Florio  does,  in  v.  Pedignoni.  It  is  the 
gloss  of  the  Latin  molestm  in  Reliq.  Antiq.  i. 
8  ;  and  it  seems  to  be  used  in  a  somewhat  simi- 
lar sense  in  Julius  Caesar,  i.  2.  In.  a  collection 
of  old  MS.  recipes,  in  Lincoln  Cathedral,  is 
one  for  anger  in  the  liver,  f.  305,  meaning 
of  course  inflammation-  See  the  example 
quoted  under  Thonwanae  /  and  Piers  Plough- 
man, p.  266. 

ANGRY-BOYS.  A  set  of  youths  mentioned  by 
some  of  our  early  dramatists  as  delighting  to 
commit  outrages,  and  get  into  quarrels.  See 
the  Alchemist,  iii.  4. 

Get  thee  another  nose,  that  will  be  pull'd 
On? by  the  angry  boys  for  thy  conversion. 

Scornful  Lady,  iv.  2, 

ANGUELLES.  A  kind  of  worms,  mentioned  by 
early  writers,  as  being  troublesome  to  sick 
hawks.  In  MS.  Harl.  2340  is  given  an  ac- 
count of  a  medecine  "  for  wormys  called  an- 
guelles  ;"  and  another  may  be  found  in  the 
Book  of  St.  Albans,  ed.  1810,  sig.  C.iii.  See 
also  Reliq.  Antiq.  i.  301.  (Lat.) 

ANGUISHOUS.  In  pain;  in  anguish.  Wick- 
liffe  used  it  as  a  verb,  New  Test.  p.  141. 

I  was  bothe  anguishous  and  trouble 
For  the  perill  that  I  sawe  double. 

Rom.  of  the  Rose,  1755. 
My  wordes  to  here, 
That  bought  hym  dere, 

On  crosse  anguyously.    New  Notbornne  Mayd. 
For  hure  is  herte  was  angiuischose. 

MS.  Ashmok  33,  f.    3. 
Herhaud  to  nim  angwisous  thai  were. 

Gy  of  Wartoike,  p.  75. 

ANGUSSE.    Anguish, 

Whan  he  schal  with  the  bodi  deye, 
That  in  strong  angusse  doth  smurte. 

Wrights  Pop.  Tieat.  on  Science,  p.  140. 
ANHANSE.    To  raise ;  to  advance ;  to  exalt. 
The  noli  rode  was  i-founde,  as  je  witeth,  in  May, 
And  anhaxsed  was  in  Septembre,  the  holi  rode  day. 

MS.A*hmo!e43,  f.  68. 

Hye  nou  to  arihan&y  us  alle,   and  y  nelle  nojt  be 
byhynde.  Rob.  Clow.  p.  198. 

And  of  my  fortune,  sooth  it  is  certeyne 
That  wondir  smartly  hath  sche  me  anJiaunsid. 

Boetiua,  MS.  Soc.  Antiq.  134,  f .  293, 
For  ech  man  that  him  anhansez  here> 
Mowed  he  scbal  beo.  MS.  Laud.  108,  f.  2. 

The  mete  that  thei  ete  ys  alle  forlore, 
On  the  galwys  they  schold  anhaunse. 

JUS.  Cantab.  Ff.  i.  6,  f.  135. 

AN-HEH.    Aloud.    In  the  third  example  it  ap- 
parently means  on  high,  as  in  RobJ  Glouc.  pp. 
202, 311 ;  Piers  Ploughman,  p.  8. 
Ther  stont  up  a  jeolumen,  je^eth  with  a  jerde, 
Ant  hat  out  an-heh  that  al  the  hyrt  herde. 

WrigW*  PoZ.  Songs,  p.  158. 
This  ladyes  song  tho  TeDettm  ar^hey^e, 
And  the  sextens  rong.tfio  the  belle. 

Chron.  Vilodun.  p.  107. 
Angeles  beremy  soster  soule 
Into  hevene  an-hei^e.   JSfS.  CaU*"Trin.  Oron.  57. 
ANHEIGHE.   To  hang?  (A.-S.) 
And  told  hem  this  vilanie, 
And  seyd  he  wold  horn  anheighs. 

sdrthow  and  MerKn,  p.  88. 


ANI 


64 


AN-IIEIRE8.  The  Host  of  the  Garter,  in  the 
Merry  Wives  of  Windsor,  ii.  L  addressing  Page 
and  Shallow,  says,  "  Will  you  go,  an-heires  ?" 
So  the  folios  read,  and  no  sense  can  be  made 
of  the  expression  as  it  there  stands.  A  similar 
passage  in  the  quartos  is,  "  here  boys,  shall 
we  wag  ?  shall  we  wag  ?"  but  it  occurs  in  an- 
other part  of  the  play,  although  Shallow's 
answer  is  the  same.  Sir  T.  Hanmer  makes 
German  of  it,  in  which  he  is  followed  by  Mr. 
Knight.  In  proposing  a  bold  conjectural 
emendation,  the  general  style  of  language  em- 
ployed by  the  Host  must  be  considered.  Thus 
in  actiii.  sc.  2,  he  says  "  Farewell,  my  hearts" 
a  method  of  expression  also  used  by  Bottom, 
"  Where  are  these  hearts  ?"  Mids.  Night's 
Dream,  iv.  2.  See  another  instance  in  Clarke's 
Phraseologia  Puerilis,  1655,  p.  109.  In  pro- 
posing to  read,  "  Will  you  go,  my  hearts  ?" 
we  approach  as  near  the  original  as  most  of 
the  proposed  emendations;  or,  perhaps,  as 
Steevens  proposes,  "  Will  you  go  on,  hearts  ?" 
Perhaps,  however,  Mr.  Collier  has  pursued  the 
wisest  course  in  leaving  it  as  it  stands  in  the 
old  copies. 
ANHERITED.  Inherited  ? 

The  cit6  of  Aeon,  that  In  this  contre"  is  clepid 

Akres,  florishede  and  stode  in  his  vertue,  joy,  and 

properite",  and  was  (inherited  richely  with  worshipfull 

princes  and  lordes.  MS.  Harl.  1704. 

AN-HOND.    In  hand,  i.  e.  in  his  power. 

Me  to  wreken  ye  schul  go 

Of  a  trey  tour  that  is  mi  fo, 

That  is  y-come  up  mi  lond, 

"Wer  he  thenketh  to  bring  me  an-hond. 

Gy  of  Warwike>  p.  43. 

ANHONGED.  Hanged  up.  (^.-£)  Cf.  Chaucer, 
Cant.  T.  12193,  12209 ;  Rob.  Glouc.  p.  509 ; 
Sevyn  Sages,  502,  651 ;  Launfal,  686 ;  Reliq. 
Antiq.  i.  87. 

That  thei  schuld  be  do  to  dethe  deulfulli  in  hast, 
Brent  in  brijt  fur,  to-drawe  or  an-lionged. 

Will,  and  the  Werwolf,  p.  172. 
And  al  that  he  my5te  on-take, 
Non  other  pes  ue  most  they  make, 
But  leet  hem  to-drawe  and  an-7iotighef 
But  certayn  hit  was  al  with  wronghe. 

MS.  Douce  236,  f.  13, 

ANHOYE.    To  hover.    Skmner. 
ANHYTTE.    Hit;  struck. 

The  kyng  Arture  ajen  the  brest  ys  felawe  vorst 

anhytte.  Rob.  Glouc.  p.  185. 

ANIENTE.   To  destroy ;  to  annihilate.  (A.-N.} 

It  is  also  an  old  law  term.     See  CowelTs 

Interpreter,  in  v. 

That  wikkedliche  and  wilfulliche 

Wolde  mercy  aniente.     Piers  Ploughman,  p.  365. 

.The  which  three  thinges  ye  ne  hari  not  anientisaed 

or  destroyed,  neither  in  youreself  ne  in  youre  con- 

seillours,  as  you  ought.  Melibeus,  p.  107. 

AN-IF.    Used  for  if.    The  expression  is  very 

common  in  our  old  writers. 
ANIGH.     Near.     Salop.      Sometimes  in  the 

western  counties  we  have  anighst,  near  to. 
ANIGHT.      In  the  night.      Cf.   Legende   of 
Hypsipyle,  108 ;  As  You  Like  It,  ii.  4 ;  Gesta 
Romanoruna,  p.  51, 


ANN 

Tristrem  to  Ysoude  wan, 

Anight  with  Mr  to  play.         Sir  Tristrem,  p.  2& 
H  is  fader  he  tolde  a  swefne 
Aniy  that  him  mette.          MS.  Bodl.  652,  f.  1. 
ANILE,     Imbecile  from  old  age.    Walpole' uses 
this  adjective,  and  Sterne  has  the  substantive 
anility.     See  Richardson,  in  v. 
ANIME.    A  white  gum  or  resin  brought  out  of 

the  West  Indies.    ButtoJcar. 
ANIMOSITE.     Bravery. 

His  magnanymyte, 

His  ammosite.  SJceZton's  Works,  ii.  81. 

ANIOUS.     Wearisome;  fatiguing. 
Then  thenkkez  Gawan  ful  sone 
Of  his  anious  vy age.  Syr  Gawayne,  p.  21 . 

AN-LKED.    Angry. 

Hesauh  Richard  an-iredt  andhismykelle  myght, 
His  folk  arroed  and  tired,  and  ay  redy  to  fight. 

Ptitc.r  Langtvft,  p,  151. 

ANIS-KINES.     Any  kind  of;  any. 

Withouten  an  is-Mnes  duelling, 
Sche  gan  Gregori  to  threte. 

Leg.  of  Pope  Gregory,  p.  26. 

ANKER.  An  anchoret ;  a  hermit.  Cf.  Prompt. 
Parv.  pp.  12,  83;  Robin  Hood,  i.  36;  Rom. 
of  the  Rose,  6348. 

Certis,  wyfe  wolde  he  nane, 
Wenche  ne  no  lemmane, 
Bot  als  an  arikyre  in  a  staue 
He  lyved  here  trewe. 

Sir  Degrevante,  3IS.  Lincoln,  f.  130, 

ANKERAS.    A  female  hermit. 

Hou  a  recluse  or  an  ankeras  shuld  comende  hir 
chastit^  to  God.  MS.  Bodl.  423,  f,  183. 

ANKLE  Y.    An  ankle.     Went  Sussex. 
ANLEPI.  Alone;  single.   (A.-S.)   llcnce  single, 
applied  to  unmarried  persons.     See  instances 
in  Sir  F.  Madden's  reply  to  Singer,  p.  34. 
He  stod,  and  totede  in  at  a  bord, 
Her  he  spak  anilepi  word.  Havelok,  2107. 

Anothere  is  ofanlepi, 
That  base  bene  filede  and  left  foly. 

MS.  Cott.  Faust.  B.  vi.  f.  122. 
Ane  es  foraicacion,  a  fieschle  synne 
Betwene  an  anelepy  man  and  an  anelepy  woman. 

MS.  Hurl.  1032,  f.  73. 
On  ich  half  thai  smiten  him  to, 
And  he  ogain  to  hem  also ; 
Never  no  was  anlepy  knight, 
That  so  mani  stund  might.  Gy  ofWarwike,  p.  13S. 
Say  also  quo  wos  tin  fere, 

For  wele  more  synne  it  Is 

To  synne  with  a  wcddid  wife, 

Then  with  an  anlepe  i- \vifi. 

MS.  Cantab.  Ff.  v,  48,  f.  86L 

ANLET.  An  annulet ;  a  small  ring.  Yorkaii. 
According  to  Mr.  Jerdan,  "  tags,  or  pieces  cf 
metal  attached  to  the  ends  of  laces  or  points." 
See  Rutland  Papers,  p.  6  ;  Brit.  Bibl.  ii.  397. 
Carr  says  it  is  the  mark  on  a  stone,  an  ancient 
boundary  in  Craven. 

ANLETH.   The  face;  the  countenance.  (Sued,} 
Ne  turne  thine  anleth  me  fra, 
Ne  helde  in  wreth  fra  thi  hine  swa. 

MS.  Cott.  Vestas.  D.  vli.  f.  16 

ANLICNES.      A    resemblance;     an    image, 

Verstegan. 

ANLIFEN.    Livelihood ;  substance..  Verstegan. 
ANLOTE.     To  pay  a  share  of  charges,  according 

to  the  custom  of  the  place.    MinsftMt. 
ANNARY,    A  yearly  description.    Fuller^  jj$ 


ANO 


65 


ANO 


ANNE.  One.  The  objective  case  of  an.  Cf.  Reliq. 
Antiq.  ii.  272  ;  Rob.  Glouc.  p.  223. 
Ac  Sarrazins  were,  bi  mia  panne, 
Ever  fourti  ogaines  anne. 

Arthow  and  Merlin,  p.  295. 
He  slough  thre  ogaines  anne, 
And  craked  mani  hern-panne.        Ibid.  p.  214. 
Heo  nadden  with  hem  bote  anne  lof, 
Tharefore  heo  careden  ech  one. 

MS.  Laud  108,  f.  1. 

ANNET.  The  common  gull,  so  called  in 
Northumberland.  See  Pennant's  Tour  in 
Scotland,  ed.  1790,i.  48. 

ANNETT.    First-fruits  ? 

The  L.  Govemour,  as  touching  the  workes  to  be 
taken  in  hand,  noc  munielon  to  be  lookt  for,  with 
some  occurances  of  the  English  and  Spanish  fleets; 
for  the  coming  up  of  Capt.  Case,  and  touching  Sir 
John  Selby's  meadow,  Townsdales  annett. 

ArclifBologia,  xxx.  169. 

ANNEXMENT.     Anything  annexed,   or  sub- 
joined.    See  Hamlet,  iii,  3. 
ANNIHILED.    Destroyed. 

Which  els  had  been  long  since  annihiled, 
With  all  other  living  things  beside. 

Loves  OwZe,  1595. 
ANNOTE.    A  note. 

In  annote  is  hire  nome,  nempneth  hit  non, 
Whose  ryht  redeth  ronne  to  Johon. 

Wright's  Lyrif.  Poetry)  p.  26. 
ANNOY.    Annoyance. 

Farewell,  my  soveraigne,  long  maist  thou  enjoy 
Thy  father's  happie  daies  free  from  annoy. 

First  Part  of  the  Contention,  1594. 

ANNUAEY.    Annual.    Hall 
ANNUELLERE.     A  priest  employed  for  the 
purpose  of  singing  anniversary  masses  for  the 
dead.    It  is  spelt  anniwlor  in  Skelton,  ii.  440. 
In  London  was  a  preest,  an  annuettere, 
That  therm  dwelled  hadde  many  a  yere, 

Chaucer,  Cant.  T.  16480, 

ANNUELYNGE.     Enamelling.    See  an  extract 
from  Horman  in  Prompt.  Parv.  p.  261,  where 
perhaps  we  should  read  ammelynge. 
ANNUNCIAT.    Foretold.    (Lat.} 

Lo  Sampson,  which  that  was  annunciat 
By  the  angel,  long  or  his  nativitee. 

Chaucer,  Cant.  T.  14021. 

ANNYD.    Annoyed;  vexed.     [Anuyd?] 
So  that  King  Philip  was  annyd  thor  alle  thing. 

Rob.  Glove,  p.  487- 

ANNYE.    Annoyance.     Cf.  Rob.  Glouc.  p.  429 ; 
Kyng  Alisaunder,  10.     [Anuye?] 
With  sorwe  was  his  herte  betreid, 
With  care  and  eke  annye.     MS,  Ashmole  33,  f.  44. 
Thanne  sayde  the  Duk  Terry, 
To  ligge  thus  her  ys  gret  anny.          Ibid.  f.  45. 
ANNYLE.    Anise  seed.    Huloet. 
ANO.    Also.    North. 
ANOIFUL.    Hurtful;  unpleasant. 

For  al  be  it  so,  that  al  tarying  be  anoiful,  algates  it 
is  not  to  repreve  in  yeving  of  jugement,  ne  in  ven- 
geance taking,  whan  it  is  suffisant  and  resonable. 

Melibeus,  p.  86. 

ANOIING.    Harm. 

No  might  do  with  hir  wicheing, 
In  Inglond  non  anoiing. 

Aithour  and  Merlin,  p.  366. 

ANOINTED.  Chief;  roguish.  "An  anointed 
scamp." 


ANOIOUS.    Fatiguing;  wearisome;  unpleasant. 
See  Harrison's  Description  of  England,  p.  214; 
Chaucer,  ed.  Urry,  p.  360 ;  and  Unions. 
Late  him  be  ware  he  have  no  delite, 
Ne  him  rejoyce  of  his  annoyow  plite. 

Occleve,  MS.  Soc.  Antiq.  134,  f.  266. 
ANOISAUNCE.    A  nuisance.     Cowell  refers  to 
stat.  22  Henry  VIII.  c.  5,  for  an  example  of 
this  word. 

The  fisshegarth  of  Goldale,  and  other  fisshegarthes 
within  the  ryver  of  Ayre,  is  stondyngeas  yit,  to  the 
greit  common  anoisaunce  and  intolerable  hurt  of  the 
kynges  chamber  of  the  cit£  of  Yorke. 

Darnels  York  Records,  p.  87« 
ANOLE.    Too;  also.     Yorksh. 
ANOMINATION.      An    opinion    contrary  to 
law.     (Gr.) 

He  that  adornes  his  whole  oration  with  no  other 
trope  but  a  sweet  subjection  or  an  anomination,  may 
be  thought  a  trim  man  in  the  ears  of  the  multitude, 
but  in  the  judgement  of  the  elegant  orators,  he  shall 
be  known  as  rude  in  his  art  of  rhetorick,as  the  butcher 
that  scalded  the  calfe  was  in  his  craft  of  butchery. 

Srit.mbl.  ii.441. 

ANON,  mat  do  you  say?  Yorfah.  Seednan. 
It  is  more  usual  in  the  sense  of  immediately, 
but  is  now  seldom  heard  in  the  southern 
counties.  The  phrase  "anon,  sir,"  is  often 
found  in  our  old  dramatists,  put  into  the 
mouth  of  waiters,  who  now  say,  "  coming,  sir." 
See  1  Henry  IV.  ii.  4 ;  Douce's  Illustrations, 
i.  427. 

ANONEN.    See  Ritson's  Ancient  Songs,  p.  19, 
and  the  observations  on  this  word  in  Warton's 
Hist.  Eagl.  Poet.  ii.  72.    "  Anone"  occurs  in 
Wright's  Political  Songs,  p.  199,  explained  by 
the  original  scrihe  "  at  one  time."   Mr.  Wright 
translates  it  "  in  the  first  place :" 
Tho  spek  the  lion  hem  to, 
To  the  fox  anone  his  wille, 
ANONER.    Under.    North. 
ANON-RIGHTES.     Immediately.    Cf.  Ellis'a 
Met.  Rom.  ii.  332 ;  Erie  of  Tolous,  193 ;  Kyng 
Alisaunder,  170, 824 ;  Harts! erne's  Met.  Tales^ 
p.  74. 

He  harfde  in  toun  v.  hundred  knightes, 
He  hem  of  sent  anon-rightes. 

Arthour  and  Merlin,  p.  88. 
The  chyld  ansuerd  anonrypit, 
He  was  withouten  begynnyng. 

MS.  Ashmole  61,  f .  83. 

ANONT.    Against ;  opposite.    Wilts. 

ANONXCION.    Anointing. 

This  was  their  charge  and  verey  dewe  servise 
Of  anonxcion  tyme,  to  dooe  and  excersise. 

Hardyng's  Chronicle^  f.  71« 

ANONYWAR    At  unawares. 

Tho  the  Bry  tons  come  myd  the  prisons  thar, 
The  Roraeyns  come  &5en  hem  al  anonywar. 

Rob.  Glouc.  p.  212. 

ANOSED.  'Acknowledged. 

Thanne  ther  begynnyth  all  grace  to  wake, 
If  it  withsynnebeuotanosed. 

'     Digby  Mysteries,  p .  175. 
ANOTH.   Enough.    (A.-S.) 

Anoth,  dameseile  !  quath  Bkuncheflour, 
To  scorne  me  is  Iit«l  honour. 

F/omv?  and  Blanncheflow,  483 
5 


A.NO 


66 


ANS 


And  pitouliohe  bigan  to  crie, 
Anouthe,  merci,  Loverd,  thin  ore  ! 

MS.  Laud  108,  f  .  126. 

ANOTHER.     "  Al  another,"  in  a  different  way. 
But  Avelok  thouthe  al  another.         Havelok,  1395. 
ANOTHEK-GATES.   A  different  Tdnd  ;  another 
sort.    Lane. 

When  Hudibras,  about  to  enter 
Upon  another-gates  adventure, 
To  Ralpho  call'd  aloud  to  arm, 
Not  dreaming  of  approaching  storm. 

JEfwfiAftWpI.iii.428. 

ENOUGH.  Enough.  West.  Cf.  Gy  of  War- 
wike,  pp.  11,  20,  25,  40,  63,  153  ;  Sir  Tristrem, 
pp.  181,  301.  (A.-S.) 

The  fischers  wer  radi  tmouf 
To  don  his  will  that  ich  day. 

Legen  d  of  Pope  Gregory,  p.  20. 

ANOUR.  (1)  Honour. 

Herhaud  onswerd,  I  chil  you  telle 
The  best  conseyl  ich  have  in  wille  ; 
Gif  thou  themperours  douhter  afo, 
Riche  thou  best  ever  mo  ; 
After  him  thou  best  emperour, 
God  hath  the  den  gret  anour. 

Gy  of  PParwike,  p.  149. 
Tho  was  he  erl  of  gret  anour, 
Y-knowen  in  alle  Aquiteyne. 

Leg.  Cathol  p.  43. 

(2)  To  honour. 

With  this  he  ras  out  of  his  place 
That  he  anoured  him  in. 

ATS,  Fairfax  14. 
In  diademe  anoured  and  with  palle 

MS.Harl.3m,  f-367* 
ANOUREMENT.    Adornment. 

I  am  tormentide  with  this  blewfyre  on  my  hede, 
for  my  lecherouse  anourement  of  myne  heere,  ande 
Other  array  ther  one.  Gesta  Romanorum,  p.  431. 

ANOURENE,  pi  Honour. 

With  gud  ryghte  thay  love  the  for  thaire  gud- 

nes  ;  with  gud  ryghte  thay  anourene  the  for  thaire 

fairenes  ;   withe  gud  righte  thay  gloryfye  the  for 

thaire  profet-  MS.  Lincoln,  f.  199. 

ANOURN.    To  adorn.  (A.-N.) 

Whan  a  woman  is  anoumed  with  rich  apparayle,  it 
setteth  out  her  beauty  double  as  much  as  it  is. 

Palsgrave. 

ANOURNEMEOTIS.  Adornments. 

For  as  alle  amurmmemtis  ben  fayredbyhemthat 
avenauntly  uysithhem,  so  alle  the  halowys  of  heven, 
as  wele  aungels  as  men  or  wytnmen,  ben  anournedand 
worsehipped  oonly  thoru  God.   MS.  Tanner  16,  p.  53. 
ANOW,    Enough.    West.   See  Jennings,  p.  120. 
He  kest  the  bor  doun  haves  anowe,     . 
And  com  himself  doun  bi  a  bowe. 

Sevyn  Sages,  921. 

AtfOWARD.  Upon.  See  Rob.  Glouc.  pp.  186, 
21  1.  Hearne  explains  it,  "  thorough,  onward." 

And  anoward  his  rug  fur  y-maked, 
And  doth  from  jere  to  5ere. 


A  cold  welle  and  fair  ther  sprong, 

^nowarde  the  doune, 
That  jut  is  there,  fair  and  cold, 
A  myle  from  the  toune. 

MS.  Coll.  TW».  Oxon.  fff. 
The  hors  hem  lay  ano  ward, 
That  hem  thought  chaunce  hard. 

drthowand  $ferUnt  p.  323. 


ANOWCRYAND  ? 

Also  ther  is  fyr  of  covey tyse,  of  tlio  whiche  it  is 
seyd  atteanowoyancl  as  chymney  of  fyre. 

MS.  Egerton  842,  f  2*3. 

AN  OWE.  Now;  presently.  So  explained  by 
Mr.  Utterson,  Pop.  Poet.  ii.  147  ;  but  perhaps 
we  should  read  avowe,  as  in  a  similar  passage  at 
p.  153. 

ANOYLE.  To  anoint.  The  last  sacrament  of  the 
Roman  Catholic  church.  See  a  curious  inven- 
tory, written  about  1588,  in  Reliq.Antiq.  i.  255. 
ANOYMENTIS.  This  word  is  the  translation  of 
Hmates  in  an  early  gloss,  printed  in  Reliq.  Antiq. 
i.  8. 

ANOYNTMENT.   An  ointment. 
And  ther  Mare  Mawdelayn 

Anoyntef  oure  Lordes  fette 
With  a  riche  anointment, 

And  his  hede  i-wis.     MS.  Cantab.  Ff.  v.  48,  f.  86. 
ANOYT.   Turning? 

That  other  brauche  ful  ryjt  goyt 
To  the  lytil  fyugere,  without  anoyt. 

Reliq.  Antiq.  i.  Iflfl. 

ANPYRE.    Empire.   The  following  is  an  extract 
from  the  Metrical  Chronicle  of  England. 
All  Cornewalle  and  Devenshire, 
All  thys  were  of  hys  anpyre.     Rob.  Glouc.  p.  733. 

ANREDNESSE.    Unity  of  purpose.  (4.-S.) 
AN'S-AFE.   I  am  afraid.    Yorksh. 
ANSAUMPLE.    An  example. 

Ore  Loverd  wende  ahoute  and  prechede  that  folk, 
And  seide  hem  anwumptes  fale. 

MS.  Laud.  108,  f.  2. 

ANSEL.  Generally  spelt  hansel,  q.  v.  It  seems 
to  be  used  in  the  sense  of  hansel  in  Decker's 
Satiro-Mastix,  ap.  Hawkins,  in.  137.  See  also 
a  similar  orthography  in  Prompt.  Parv.  p.  14. 

ANSHUM-SCRANCHUM.  When  a  number  of 
persons  are  assembled  at  a  board  where  the 
provision  is  scanty,  and  each  one  is  almost 
obliged  to  scramble  for  what  he  can  get,  it 
will  be  observed  perhaps  by  some  one  of  the 
party  that  they  never  in  all  their  life  saw  such 
anshwn-scranckum  work.  Line. 

ANSJNE.    Appearance ;  figure.     (^.-£) 
Not  no  mon  so  muchel  of  pine, 
As  povre  wif  that  falleth  in  anrfne. 

Dame  Sirith,  MS.  Digby  86,  f.  Iff?. 

ANSLACHTS.  Surprises.  (Germ.)  SeeMeyrick's 

Critical  Enquiry,  iii.  118. 
ANSLAIGHT.     Surprised.  (Germ.) 

I  do  remember  yet,  that  atutaight,  thou  wast  beaten, 
And  fledst  before  the  butler. 

Beaumont  and  Fletcher,  Mons.  Thomas,  ii.  2. 
ANSQUARE,    Answer. 

Then  gaf  Jhesus  til  ham  ansgttare 
To  alle  the  Jewes  atte  ther  ware*    MS.  Fairfax  14. 
ANSTOND.    To  withstand. 

He  by  vond  vorst  an  queintyse  a5en  the  Deneys  to 
anstond.  Rob.  Glouc.  p,  267. 

ANSUKER,  The  answerer;  the  person  who 
answered  to  the  Court  of  Augmentation  for 
the  rents  and  profits. 

As  oonsemmg  one  farme  hold,  late  belonging  to 
the  hold  of  St.  Robarts>  which  you  know  I  did  speake 
to  the  answer  for  the  use  of  the  said  children,  and 
he  permised  not  to  suit  them. 

Plutnpton  Correspondence,  p.  234. 


ANT  C 

ANSWER.  To  encounter  at  a  tournament.  See 
the  Paston  Letters,  ii.  4.  Shakespeare  uses 
the  substantive  in  the  sense  of  retaliation,  re- 
quital, in  Cymbeline,  iv.  4.  A  very  common 
though  peculiar  sense  of  the  word  has  not 
been  noticed  by  lexicographers.  To  answer 
a  front  door,  is  to  open  it  when  any  one  knocks. 
At  a  farm-house  near  South  Petherton,  a  maid- 
servant was  recently  asked  why  she  did  not 
answer  the  door.  The  girl,  who  had  an  im- 
pediment in  her  speech,  replied,  "  Why — 
why — why,  if  you  plaze,  mim,  I — I — I  did'n 
hear'n  speak  1" 

ANT.     (1)  Am  not.     Devon. 

(2)  And.  This  form  of  the  conjunction  is  found 
chieflyin  MSS.  of  the  reign  of  Edward  II.  when 
it  is  very  common. 

(3)  "  In  an  ant's  foot,"  in  a  short  time.    A 
Warwickshire  phrase. 

ANTEM.  (1)  A  church.  This  cant  word  is 
given  in  the  Brit.  Bibl.  ii.  521,  more  generally 
spelt  autem.  We  have  also  an  antern-morte, 
"  a  wyfe  maried  at  the  churche,  and  they  be 
as  chaste  as  a  cow/'  See  the  same  work, 
ii.  290,  520;  and  Harrison's  Description  of 
England,  p.  184. 
(2)  An  anthem.  (A.-S.) 

To  me  she  came,  and  bad  me  for  to  sing 
This  antem.  veraily  in  my  dying. 

Chaucer,  Cant.  T.  13590. 

ANTEPHNE.    An  antiphon. 

With  hool  herte  and  dew  reverence 
Seyn  this  antephne,  and  this  orison, 

MS.  Harl.  2278,  f.  5. 

ANTER.  The  following  is  extracted  from  an 
old  play : 

That's  hee  that  makes  the  true  use  of  feasts,  sends 
all  unto  their  proper  places;  heeiscall'd  the  anter; 
he  hath  a  monopoly  for  allbutterie  bookes,  kitchinge 
bookes,  besides  old  declamations  and  theames. 

MS.Bodl.  30, 

ANTERS.    (1)  In  case  that.    North. 

(2)  Adventures.     North. 

Listuns  now,  lordinges,  of  enters  grete. 

Robson's  Romances,  p.  49. 

ANTE-TEME.  A  text  or  motto  placed  at  the 
head  of  a  theme,  oration,  or  discourse.  From 
the  Merrie  Tales  of  Skeltou,  p.  61,  it  would 
appear  to  be  synonymous  with  theme.  See 
also  Skelton's  Works,  ii.  241. 

ANTEVERT.    To  avert.    Hall. 

ANTGATE.    An  occasion.    Skinner. 

ANTH.    And  the.     North. 

ANTHONY-NUT.  The  bladder-nut;  the  sta- 
phyladendron.  See  Florio,  m^.Staphilodendro; 
Cotgrave,  in  v.  Baguenaudes. 

ANTHONY-PIG.  The  favourite  or  smallest  pig 
of  the  litter.  A  Kentish  expression,  according 
to  Grose.  "  To  follow  like  a  tantony  pig," 
i.  e.  to  follow  close  at  one's  heels.  Some  de- 
rive this  saying  from  a  privilege  enjoyed  by 
the  friars  of  certain  convents  in  England  and 
France,  sons  of  St.  Anthony,  whose  swine  were 
permitted  to  feed  in  the  streets.  These  swine 
would  follow  any  one  having  greens  or  other 
provisions,  till  they  obtained  some  of  them ; 


'  ANT 

and  it  was  in  those  days  considered  an  act  of 
charity  and  religion  to  feed  them.  St.  Anthony 
was  invoked  for  the  pig.  See  Becon's  Works, 
p.  138;  and  a  quotation  from  Honnan  in 
Prompt.  Parv.  p.  29. 

ANTHONY'S-PIRE.  A  kind  of  erysipelas.  Var. 
dial.  Higins  says,  "  A  swelling  full  of  heate 
and  rednes,  with  paine  round  about  a  sore  or 
wound,  commonly  called  S.  Anthonies  fier." 
See  the  Nomenclator,  1585,  p.  439. 
ANTHROPOMANCY.  Divination  by  the  en- 
trails  of  men.  This  species  of  divination  is 
alluded  to  in  Holiday's  Tecnogamia,  4to 
Lond.  1618. 

ANTHROPOPHAGINIAN.    A  ludicrous  word 
introduced  by  Shakespeare  for  the  sake  of  a  for- 
midable sound,  fromAnthropophaffi,  cannibals. 
See  the  Merry  Wives  of  Windsor,  iv.  5. 
ANTICK.     (1)  Old. 

And  though  my  antick  age  was  freely  lent 
To  the  committing  of  accursed  evill. 

Nicholson' s  dcolastus,  1600- 
(2)  An  antimasque. 

I  saw  Jn  Brussels,  at  my  being  there, 
The  duke  of  Brabant  welcome  the  archbishop 
Of  Mentz  with  rare  conceit,  even  on  a  sudden 
Perform'd  by  knights  and  ladies  of  his  court, 
In  nature  of  an  antick.  Ford's  Works,  i.440. 

ANTICKS.  This  word  occurs  in  a  variety  of 
senses,  Shakespeare  has  the  verb  to  antick, 
to  make  anticks,  and  anticMy,  in  an  antick 
manner.  See  Anthony  and  Cleopatra,  ii.  7 ; 
Much  Ado  about  Nothing,  v.  1.  Actors  are 
frequently  termed  antic&s,  as  in  the  Nomen- 
clator, p.  530.  The  ancient  sculpture  and 
paintings  in  .parish  churches  fall  under  the 
same  denomination,  and  it  is  even  applied  to 
the  sculptured  figures  in  pavements. 

And  cast  to  make  a  chariot  for  the  king, 

Painted  with  anticTces  and  ridiculous  toyes, 
In  which  they  raeane  to  Paris  him  to  bring, 
To  make  sport  to  their  madarxxes  and  their  boyes. 
Drayton's  Poems,  p.  43. 
A  foule  doform'd,  a  brutish  cursed  crew, 
Bodied  like  those  in  antike  worke  devised, 
Monstrous  of  shape,  and  of  an  ugly  hew. 

Harrington's  driostc,  1591,  p.  45. 

ANTICOR.  A  swelling  on  a  horse's  breast,  op- 
posite to  the  heart.  MarTcham.  Miege  spells 
it  antocow. 

ANTIBOTARY.  Having  the  qualities  of  an 
antidote. 

From  hence  commeth  that  noble  name  or  compo- 
sition antidotary ,  called  Theriaca,  that  is,  triacle. 

TopseWs  History  of  Serpents,  p.  280. 

ANTIENTS.  t  Ancestors.  Carr  gives  this  word 
as  still  used  in  Craven,  and  it  occurs  apparentlv 
in  the  same  sense  in  the  Pickwick  Papers', 
p.  205. 

ANTIMASQUE.  Something  directly  opposed 
to  the  principal  masque,  a  light  and  ridiculous 
interlude,  dividing  the  parts  of  the  more  serious 
masque.  It  admitted  of  the  wildest  extrava- 
gances, and  actors  from  the  theatres  were 
generally  engaged  to  perform  in  it.  See 
Beaumont  and  Fletcher,  ii.  459;  Ben  Jonson, 
ed.  Gilford,  vii.  251 ;  Nares,  in  v.,  and  an  ae 


ANT 


68 


ANV 


count  of  Kr.  Moore's  revels  at  Oxford  in  1636, 
in  MS.  Ashmole  47. 

ANTINOMIES.  Rules  or  laws,  in  opposition  to 
some  others  deemed  false,  and  haying  no  au- 
thority. See  an  example  of  this  word  in 
Taylor's  Great  Exemplar,  p.  50. 

ANTIOCHE.  A  kind  of  wine,  perhaps  imported 
or  introduced  from  that  country.  A  drink  for 
wounded  persons,  called  "  water  of  Anteoche" 
is  described  at  length  in  MS.  Jamys,  f.  40. 
See  also  some  verses  on  lechecrafte  in  MS. 
Harl.  1600. 

Antioche  and  bastarde, 
Pyiuent  also  and  g arnarde, 

Squyr  of  Lowe  Degit,  757- 

ANTIPERISTASIS.  "  The  opposition,"  says 
Cowley,  *'  of  a  contrary  quality,  by  which  the 
quality  it  opposes  becomes  heightened  or  in- 
tended." This  word  is  used  by  Ben  Jonson. 
See  his  Works,  ed.  Gifibrd,  ii.  371. 
ANTIPHONER.  This  term  is  frequently  met 
with  in  the  inventories  of  church  goods  and 
ornaments  in  old  times.  It  was  a  kind  of 
psalm-book,  containing  the  usual  church  mu- 
sic, with  the  notes  marked,  as  we  still  see 
them  in  old  mass  books ;  and  so  called  from 
the  alternate  repetitions  and  responses.  See 
the  Archseologia,  xxi.  275. 

This  litel  childe  his  litel  book  lerning, 
As  he  sate  in  the  scole  at  his  primere, 
He  Alma  redemptoris  herde  sing, 
As  children  lered  hir  antlphonere. 

Chaucer,  Cant,  T.  13449. 
ANTIQUITY.    Old  age. 

For  false  illusion  of  the  magistrates 
With  borrow'd  shapes  of  false  antiquity. 

Two  Tragedies  in  One,  1601. 

ANTLE-BEER.  Crosswise  ;  irregular.  Exmoor. 
ANTLING.  A  corruption  of  St.  Antonine,  to 
whom  one  of  the  London  churches  is  dedicated, 
and  occasionally  alluded  to  by  early  writers 
under  the  corrupted  name.  See  the  Roaring 
Girl,  i.  1. 

ANTO.    If  thou.     Yorfah. 
ANTOYN.    Anthony.     Lanytqft.  • 
ANTPAT.     Opportune;  apropos.     Warw. 
ANTRE.  (1)  A  cavern ;  a  den.   (Lett.) 
Wherein  of  antres  vast  and  desarts  idle, 
Rough  quarries,  rocks,  and  hills  whose  heads  touch 

heaven, 

It  was  my  hint  to  speak.  Othello,  i,  3. 

(2)  To  adventure. 

And,  Lord,  als  he  es  maste  of  myght, 
He  send  his  socor  to  that  knyght, 
That  thus  in  dede  of  charite" 
This  day  antres  hys  lif  for  me. 

Ywaine  and  Gawin*  3508. 
Thou  ant&'d  thi  life  for  luf  of  me.         Ibid,  3809. 

ANTRESSE.    Adventured.     (^.-AT.) 

Thaiine  Alisaundrine  at  arst  than  antresse  hera 
tills.  Will,  arid  the  Wwwolf,  p.  38. 

ANTRTJMS.  Affected  airs ;  insolences ;  whims. 
"  A's  in  as  antrums  this  morning,"  would  be 
said  of  a  rude  person  as  well  as  of  a  skittish 
horse.  This  form  of  the  word  is  given  in  the 
Suffolk  and  Cheshire  glossaries,  but  the  more 
usual  expression  is  tantrums. 

ANTUL.    An  thou  wilt ;  if  thou  wilt.  Yorfah. 


ANTUO.       Explained  "  one  two,   a  two,"  b) 

Hearne,  but  we  should  read  an  tuo,  i.  e.  on  two. 

See  Rob.  Glouc.p.  241. 
ANT-  WART.    A  kind  of  wart,  "  deepe-rooted, 

broad  below,  and  litle  above,"  mentioned  in 

the  Nomenclator,  1585,  p.  444. 
ANTWHILE.     Some  time  ago.     Warw. 
ANTY.     Empty,     Somerset. 
ANTY-TUMP.    An  ant-hill.    Hereford*. 
ANUAL.    A  chronicle.    Rider. 
ANUDDER.    Another.    North. 
ANUEL.    A  yearly  salary  paid  to  a  priest  for 

keeping  an  anniversary  ;  an  annuity. 

And  henten,  gif  I  mighte, 

An  anuel  for  myne  owen  use, 

To  helpen  to  clothe.  Piers  Ploughman,  <>.  475, 

Suche  annuels  has  made  thes  frers  so  wely  and/  so  gay, 
That  ther  may  no  possessioners  mayntene  tha|r  array. 


MS.  tJeWr-efgoJJTB.  ii.  f.  63. 

ANUETH.    Annoyeth. 

Moch  me  anueth 

That  mi  drivil  druith.  Reliq.  Antiq,  ii.  210. 

ANUNDER.  Beneath;  under.  North.  To  keep 
any  one  at  anunder,  i.  e.  to  keep  them  in  a  sub- 
ordinate or  dependent  situation.  See  also  a 
quotation  in  gloss,  to  Syr  Gawayne,  in  v. 
Atwaped. 

Ten  schypmen  to  londe  yede, 
To  se  the  yle  yn  lengthe  and  brcde, 
And  fette  water  as  hem  was  nede 
The  roche  anandyr 

Octuvian  hnperatw,  550. 
The  prisone  aore  than  wend  heo  ner, 
And  putte  hure  staf  anunder. 

SIS.  Ashmole  33,  f.  1G. 
He  fouten  anonder  selde, 
Some  of  hem  he  felde.     MS.  Laud.  108,  f.  219. 

ANURE.    To  honour. 

Anunth  God  and  holi  chirch, 

And  ^iveth  the  povir  that  habbith  nede  j 
So  Godis  wille  je  bsul  wirche, 
And  joi  of  heven  hab  to  mede, 

Wrights  Political  Songs,  p.  205. 
ANURTHE.  On  the  earth.  This  word  occurs  in 

the  Life  of  St.  Brandan,  p.  3. 
ANUY.  (1)  To  annoy;  to  trouble;  to  harass. 
Hire  fader  was  so  sore  unuped, 
That  he  tnuste  non  ende.  MS.  Harl.  2277,  f-  93. 
For  thai  hadde  the  countr*1  amtived, 
And  with  robberie  destrwed.  Seuyn  Sages,  2013. 
(2)  Trouble;  vexation. 

Al  eselich  withoute  anuy, 
And  there  youre  lyf  ende. 

MS.  Harl.  2277,  f-  46. 
And  for  non  eorthelich  amiy, 
Ne  for  dethe  ne  flechchie  nought. 

MS.  Laud  108,  f.  181. 

ANVELT.  An  anvil.  See  Reliq.  Antiq.  i.  6  ; 
Malory's  Morte  d'  Arthur,  i.  7. 

Upon  his  an-oett  up  and  downe, 
Therof  he  toke  tiie  firste  sowne. 

The  DremvofCfiauw,  HG.1?. 

ANVEMPNE.    To  envenome. 

I  am  nott  wurthy,  Lord,  to  loke  up  to  hefne, 
My  synful  steppys  anvempnyd  the  groun;!e. 

Coventt-y  Mysteriet,  p.  75. 

ANYERDRE.  To  overthrow.  Somerset.  Per- 
haps a  mistake  for  auverdre.  I  insert  it  oil 
Mr,  Holloway's  authority. 


APA  f 

ENVIED.  Explained  by  Weber  envied,  enraged, 
in  the  following  passage ;  but  we  should  cer- 
tainly read  anuied,  part,  of  the  verb  anuy,  q.  v. 
See  also  Annye,  which  may  perhaps  be  a  similar 
eiTor. 

Alisaundre  anvied  was ; 
Over  the  table  he  gon  stoupe, 
And  smot  Lifias  with  the  coupe, 
That  he  fcol  doun  in  the  flette. 

Kyng  Alisawder,  1102. 

ANVIL.    (1)  The  handle  or  hilt  of  a  sword. 

— : Here  I  clip 

The  awil  of  my  sword.       Coriolanus,  iv.  5. 

(2)  A  little  narrow  flag  at  the  end  of  a  lance. 

Meyrick. 

ANWARPE.    To  warp.    Minsheu. 
ANWEALD.    Power;  authority.   STcinner. 
ANWORD.     An  answer ;  a  reply.     Verstegan. 
ANY.   Either;  one  of  two.    It  usually  signifies 
one  of  many. 

And  if  that  any  of  us  have  more  than  other, 
Let  him  be  trewe,  aud  part  it  with  his  brother. 

Cfiavcer,  Cant.  T.  7115. 

A-NYE.   In  nine. 

The  k\ng  won  Normandye,  and  also  god  Aungeo, 
And  wythynne  a-nye  3er  al  thys  was  y-do. 

Rob.  Glouc.  p.  186. 
ANYNGE.    Union. 

By  the  vertu  of  this  blysfulle  anynge,  whilkemay 
noghte  be  saide  ne  consayved  be  manes  wit,  the 
saule  of  Jhesu  ressayvede  the  fulhede  of  wysedome 
and  lufe.  MS.  Lincoln  A.  i.  17,  f.  227. 

ANYSOT.  A  fool.  See  Pynson's  edition  of 
the  Prompt.  Parv.  quoted  in  the  Prompt.  Parv. 
p.  11.  See  Amsote. 

ANY  WHEN.  At  any  time.  South.  Rider  gives 
any  while  in  the  same  sense,  and  anywkither, 
into  any  place.  Mr.  Vernon  tells  me  anywJien 
is  considered  a  respectable  word  in  the  Isle  of 
Wight. 
A-ONE.  An  individual ;  one  person. 

There's  not  a  one  of  them,  but  In  his  house 
I  keep  a  servant  fee'd.  Macbeth,  iii.  4. 

AOURNED.     Adorned. 

So  that  he  that  tofore  wente  clothed  in  clothes  of 
golde  and  of  sylke,  and  aourned  wyth  precyous  stones 
in  the  cyte".  Vitas  Pati-um,  f.  86. 

AOY.    High.     Glouc. 
APAID.   Satisfied;  pleased.    (A.-N.) 
Mas  friar,  as  I  am  true  maid, 
So  do  I  hold  me  well  apaid. 

Peeled  Works*  i.  91. 
APAISE.  Peace. 

Tho  thai  were  al  at  aise, 

Ich  went  to  his  in  apaise.  Arihour  and  Merlin,  p.  87. 
APAN.   Upon. 

Apan  the  xx.  dai 
Of  Averil,  bi-for  Mai. 

Ritson's  Ancient  Songt,  p.  39. 

APARAELYNG.  Preparation.  It  is  the  transla- 
tion of  apparatus,  in  Reliq.  Antiq.  i.  8,  an  old 
gloss,  of  the  15th  century. 

APARTI.  Partly.     • 

Now  wil  I  schewe  aparti 

Qwy  thei  aren  so  grysly.      Harnpolff,  MS.  Digby  87. 

And  hou  foul  a  mon  is  afturward, 

TellitJi  aparty  Seint  Bernard, 

MS.  Ashmoleil,  f.  6. 


9  APE 

He  that  es  verrayly  mcke,  God  sal  safe  hyin  of 

there,  here  aparty ,  and  in  thetother  woildeplenerly. 

MS.  Coll.  Eton.  10,  f.  40. 

APAST.    Passed.   Still  used  in  the  West  of  Eng- 
land.    Cf.  Gy  of  Warwike,  pp.  148,  457; 
Strutt's  Regal  Antiquities,  ed.  Planche,  p.  77. 
The  nyjt  hurenejehede  faste, 
That  the  day  was  nej  ago ; 
The  lordes  buth  than  apaste 
Wythoute  more  ado. 

MS.  Ashmole  33,  f.  20. 
Apassyd  be  twenty  jere 
That  we  togedyr  have  ly vyd  here. 

MS.  Hart.  1701,  f.  13. 

To  grete  disport  and  daliaunce  of  lordes  and  alle 
worthi  werrioures  that  ben  apassed  by  wey  of  age 
al  labour  and  travaillyng. 

Vegeeius,  MS.  Douce  291,  f.  120. 
Tho  this  li^th  apassed  was, 

Huy  in  the  put  to  grounde, 
Thare  inne  of  this  holie  man, 

No  thing  huy  ne  seijen  ne  founder 

MS.  Land  108,  f.  174. 

APAYEN.  To  satisfy  ;  to  please ;  to  like.  (A.-N.) 
Therwith  was  Perkyn  apayedr 
And  preised  hem  faste. 

Piers  PlottgJiman,  p.  123. 
In  herte  I  wolde  be  wele  apayede, 
Myghte  we  do  that  dede. 

MS.  Lincoln  A.  i.  17,  f.  119- 
But  never  the  lees  y  schalle  assay 
How  thou  wylt  my  dynte  apay. 

MS.  Cantab.  Ff.  ii.  38,  f.  108 
APAYERE.   To  impair.     (A.-N.) 

For   alle  your  proude  prank yng,  your  pride  may 
apayere.  Skeltun's  Works,  i.  11  (j. 

APE.  (1)  A  fool.    To  put  an  ape  into  a  person's 
hood  or  cap  was  aa  old  phrase,  signifying  to 
make  a  fool  of  him.    Sometimes  we  have  the 
phrase,  to  put  on  his  head  an  ape,  in  the  same 
sense.      Apes  were  formerly  carried  on  the 
shoulders  of  fools  and  simpletons ;  and  Malone 
says  it  was  formerly  a  term  of  endearment. 
Tyrwhitt  considers  "  win  of  ape,"  in  Cant.  T. 
16993,  to  be  the  same  with  mn  de  singe.    See 
his  note,  p.  329  ;  Robert  of  Sicily,  p.  58. 
A  ha,  felawes,  beth  ware  of  swiche  a  jape. 
The  monke  put  in  the  marines  hode  an  apet 
And  in  his  wifes  eke,  by  Seint  Austin. 

Chaucer,  Cant.  T.  13370. 
(2) To  attempt? 

And  that  sche  nere  so  michel  ape 
That  sche  hir  laid  doun  to  slape. 

Jrthcw  and  Merlin*  p.  32. 

APECE.  The  alphabet.  Prompt.  Pare.  We 
have  also  apece-lemer,  one  who  learneth  the 
alphabet. 

APEIRE.  To  impair.  (^.-JV.)  See  Appair.  Cf. 
Prompt.  Parv.  p.  12 ;  Deposition  of  Richard  II. 
p.  3  ;  Chaucer,  Cant.  T.  3149 ;  Hall's  Satires, 
iv.  2. 

And  thanne  youre  neghebores  next 

In  none  wise  apeire.       Piers  Ploughwan, p.  111. 

APEL.  An  old  term  in  hunting  music,  con- 
sisting of  three  long  moots.  $ee  Sir  H.  Dry- 
den's  notes  to  Twici,  p.  71< 

APELYT.  Called;  named.  It  is  glossed  by 
nominates  in  an  early  MS.  quoted- in  Prompt, 
Parv.  p.  315. 


APE 


70 


API 


APENT.  Belonging.   $&  Append.   In  the  Ches- 
ter Plays,  i.  131,  it  is  used  as  a  verb. 
Aganippe  her  lorde  was  Kyng  of  Fraunce, 
That  grauute  hym  menne,  and  good  sufficiente, 
And  sent  his  wife  with  hym,  with  greate  puissaunee, 
With  all  aray  that  to  her  wer  apwte, 
His  heire  to  been,  by  their  bothes  assente. 

Hardy ntf*  Chronicle,  f.  23. 

APENTONE.    Opinion. 

Jhesu,  Jhesu,  quat  deylle  is  him  that  ? 
I  defye  the  and  thyn  apewyone* 

Digby  Mysteries,  p.  131 

APERE.    To  appear. 

To  thenexte  semble  je  sclml  hym  calle, 
To  apere  byfore  hys  felows  alle. 

Const,  of  Masvnn/ >  P«  27 

APERN.  An  apron.  This  is  the  usual  early 
form  of  the  word.  See  the  Nomenclator,  p. 
171.  Mr.  Hartshorne  gives  apparn  as  the 
Shropshire  word,  and  apperon  is  sometimes 
found  as  the  Northern  form,  as  well  as  appren. 
APERNER.  One  who  wears  an  apron ;  a 
drawer. 

We  have  no  wine  here,  methinks; 
Where's  this  aperner  9     Chapman's  May  Day,  1  Gl  1 . 
A-PER-SE.     The  letter  A,  with  the  addition  of 
the  two  Latin  words,  per  se,  is  used  by  some 
of  our  ancient  poets  to  denote  a  person  or 
thing  of  extraordinary  merit. 

London,  thowe  arte  of  townes  A  per  se, 
Soveragne  of  cities,  most  symbliest  by  sight. 

MS.  Lansd.  762,  f.  7, 
Thou  schalt  be  an  apersey,  my  gone, 
Inmylys  ij.  or  thre. 

MS.  Cantab.  Ff.  ii.  38,  f.  51. 

APERT.  (1)  Open ;  openly ;  manifest.  Cf.  Kyng 
AJis.  2450,  4773;   Hartshorne's  Met.  Tales, 
p.  70  ;  Chaucer,  Cant.  T.  66'96. 
Me  hath  smetyn  withowten  deserte, 
And  seyth  that  he  ys  owre  kynge  aperts. 

MS.  Cantab.  Ff.  ii.  58,  f.  241. 
(2)  Brisk  ;  bold ;  free.    S&inner.    In  the  pro- 
vinces we  have  peart,  used  in  a  similar  sense. 
Toone  quotes  a  passage  from  Peter  Langtoffc, 
p.  74,  but  I  doubt  its  application  in  this  sense, 
although  it  may  be  derived  from  A,-N.  aperte. 
APERTE.     Conduct  in  action.     (A.-N.) 

For  whiche  the  kyng  hym  had  ay  after  in  cherte, 
Consyderyng  well  his  knightly  aperte. 

Hardyng's  Chronicle,  f.  198. 
APERTELICHE.    Openly.    (A.-N.) 
Ich  have,  quod  tho  cure  Lord,  al  aperteliche 
I-spoke  in  the  temple  and  y-taujt,  and  nothyng  pri- 
vellche.  MS.  Coll.  Trin.  Oxon.  57,  f.  8. 

APERTLY.    Openly.    (A.-N.} 

And  forsothe  there  is  a  gret  marreyle,  for  men 
may  see  there  the  erthe  of  the  tombe  apertly  many 
tymessteren  andmeven,   Maundevile's  Travels,  p.  22. 
APERY.    An  ape-house. 

And  vow  to  ply  thy  booke  as  nimbly  as  ever  thou 
didst  thy  master's  apery,  or  the  hauty  vaulting 
horse.  Apollo  Shroving,  1627,  p.  93. 

APERYALLE.     Imperial? 

For  any  thyng  that  ever  I  sed  or  dede, 
Unto  thys  owre  securet  or  aperyalle. 

MS.  Cantab.  Ff.  i.  6,  f.  123. 

APES.  To  lead  apes  in  hell,  a  proverbial  expres- 
sion, meaning  to  die  an  old  maid  or  a  bache- 
lor, that  being  the  employment  jocularly  as- 


signed to  old  maids  in  the  next  world.  See 
Florio  in  v.  Mdmmola,  u  an  old  maide  or  sillie 
virgin  that  will  lead  apes  in  hell."  The  phrase 
is  not  quite  obsolete. 

But  'tis  an  old  proverb,  and  you  know  it  well, 
That  women,  dying  maids,  lead  apes  in  hell. 

The  London  Prodigal,  i.  2. 
APE  SIN.    To  appease. 

Ye  fiers  Mars,  apesin  of  his  ire, 

And,  as  you  list,  ye  makmhertis  digne. 

Troilv*  and  Creseide,  ill.  22. 

APE'S-PATERNOSTER.  To  say  an  ape's  pa- 
ternoster, to  chatter  with  cold.  This  prover- 
bial expression  occurs  several  times  in  Co* 
grave,  in  v.  Barboter,  Batre,  Cressiner,  D<?y 
Grelotter.  >•*•***, 

APETITELY.  "With  an  appetite.  See  Bro'ckett, 
ed.  1829,  in  v.  Appetize. 

Goo  to  thy  mete  apstitely, 
Sit  therat  discretely.          Retiq,  Antiq.  i.  233. 
APE-WARD.    A  keeper  of  apes. 
Nor  I,  quod  an  ape-ward, 
By  aught  that  I  kail  knowe. 

Piers  Ploughman,  p.  1 15. 
APEYREMENT.     Injury. 

Then  cast  the  powder  therupon,  and  with  thinail 
thou  maist  done  awey  the  lettres  that  hit  schal  no- 
thyng  been  a-sene,  without  any  ayeyretn&it. 

Reliq.  Aittiq.  i.  109. 

APEYRYNGIS.    Losses. 

But  whiche  thingis  weren  to  roe  wynnyngis,  I  have 
demed  these  apeyryngis  for  Crist. 

Wickliffe's  New  Test.  p.  159. 

APIECE.  With  the  subject  in  the  plural,  "  Now 
lads,  here's  healths  apiece"  i.e.  healths  to  each 
of  you.  North. 

APIECE  S.    To  pieces.  Still  used  in  Suffolk. 
Nay,  if  we  faint  or  fall  apieces  now, 
We're  fools.  The  Island  Princess,  v.  1. 

APIES.    Opiates. 

As  he  shall  slepe  as  long  as  er  the  leste, 
The  narcotikes  and  apies  ben  so  strong. 

Legends  of  Hypermneatra,  lOf). 

A-PIGGA-BACK.  A  mode  of  carrying  a  child 
on  one's  back,  with  his  legs  under  one's  arms, 
and  his  arms  round  one's  neck.  Var.  dial. 

APIS.  A  kind  of  apple-tree,  which  Skinner  says 
was  introduced  into  this  country  about  the 
year  1670. 

APISHNESS.  Playfulness.  It  is  the  transla- 
tion of  badinage  in  Hollyband's  Dictionarie, 
1593. 

APISTILLE.    The  epistle. 

The  lyone  made  a  wolfe  to  bere  the  holy  watlr; 
ij.  urchyns  to  bere  the  tapers ;  gete  to  rynge  the  belles; 
foxes  to  bere  the  beere.  The  bere  seide  the  masse ; 
t.he  asse  redde  the  apiatille  ;  the  oxe  redde  the  gos- 
pelle.  Gesta  Romanorum,  p.  418. 

A-PISTY-POLL.  A  mode  of  carrying  a  child 
with  his  legs  on  one's  shoulders,  and  his  arms 
round  one's  neck  or  forehead.  Dorset. 

A-PIT-A-PAT.  A  term  applied  to  the  beating  of 
the  heart,  especially  in  cases  of  anxiety.     Var. 
dial    In  Oxfordshire  the  village  children  on 
Shrove  Tuesday  bawl  some  lines  in  hopes  of 
obtaining  pence,  which  commence — 
*'  d-pit~a-patf  the  pan  is  hot, 
And  we  arecorre  a-shruving  " 


APO 


71 


APP 


A-PLACE.    In  place.     Gower. 
A-PLAT.    On  the  ground. 

And  Aroans  with  the  swerd  aflat, 

That  he  threwe  of  his  hors  a-plat. 

Arthvur  and  Merlin,  p.  333. 

APLIGHT.  Certainly;  indeed;  completely. 
Cf.  Wright's  Political  Songs,  p.  249  ;  Bitson's 
Ancient  Songs,  p.  10  ;  Gy  of  Warwike,  pp.  3, 
6 ;  Warton's  Hist.  Eng.  Poet.  i.  94  ;  Harts- 
home's  Met.  Tales,  p.  52 ;  Lybeaus  Disconus, 
45,  2060 ;  Kyng  of  Tars,  109,  182,  523  ;  Ri- 
chard Coer  de  Lion,  2265 ;  Sevyn  Sages,  204  ; 
Lay  le  Freine,  200.  Sir  "W.  Scott  explains  it 
"  at  once,"  gloss,  to  Tristem ;  and  Hearne, 
"  right,  compleat."  It  seems  to  be  often  used 
as  a  kind  of  expletive,  and  is  the  same  as  "  I 
plight,"  I  promise  you. 
That  if  he  wol  Jyve  aryjt, 

I  dar  hote  him  hele  aplitf.    MS.  Addit.  10036,  f.2. 
The  chyld  ansuerd  son  aplj/^t, 
Fro  my  fader  I  com  ryght. 

MS.  AshmoleGl,  f.  83. 

APLYN.    Apples.  (A.-S) 

Nym  flowre  and  ayryn,  and  grynd  peper  and  safron, 
and  make  thereto  a  batour,  and  par  aplyn,  and  kyt 
hem  to  brode  penys,  and  kest  hem  theryn,  and  fry 
hem  in  the  batour  wyth  freseh  grees,  and  serve  it 
forthe.  Warner's  Antiq.  Culin.  p.  39. 

APOCK.     A  small  red  pimple.    Somerset. 
APODYTERY.    A  vestry. 

I  call  it  a  vestry,  as  containing  the  vestments ;  but 
if  any  other  place  has  that  name,  a  longer  word, 
apodytery,  may  be  taken  for  distinction. 

#&  Letter,  dated,  1762. 
APOINT.    At  point. 

Maiden  and  wiif  gret  sorweganmake 
For  thekinges  fonessake, 
That  were  apoint  to  dye. 

Riison's  Met.  Rom.  iii.  308. 
APOISON.     To  poison.     See  Piers  Ploughman, 

p.  326. 

Ah  he  ne  reignode  her 

Bote  unnethe  thre  yer, 

That  Estryld  his  stepmoder, 

Selde  beth  ther  eny  gode, 

Him  apoisonede  that  he  was  ded. 

Cfa-onicle  of  England,  781. 

Therfor  cast  awey  wycchccraft  and  use  it  never, 
For  it  appoysenith  the  soule  and  sleitlie  it  for  ever. 
MS.  Laud  416,  f.  38. 

APOLOGETIK.  An  apology.  In  MS.  Douce 
114,  is  a  short  piece  which  the  writer  entitles 
"  a  shorte  apologetik  of  this  Englissh  com- 
pylour." 

APON.    Upon. 

Have  mynd  apon  joure  endyng. 

MS.  Douce  302,  f.  1. 
And  pay  them  trwly,  apon  thy  fay, 
What  that  they  deserven  may. 

Const,  of  Masonry,  p.  15. 

APONTED.     Tainted.    Dorset. 
APOPUAK.    A  kind  of  herb.     See  the  Arehae- 
ologia,  xxx.  404.    The  "  gumme  appoponad" 
is  mentioned  in  MS.  Sloane  73,  which  may  be 
the  same. 
APORET.    Poor. 

That  on  partie  he  send  be  sonde 
To  hem  that  were  aporet  in  his  londe. 

MS.  Cantab.  Ff-  v.48,  f.  100, 


APO  S  TAT  A.    An  apostate.    The  usual  early 
form  of  the  word.     See  Prompt.  Parv.  p.  13  ; 
Harrison's  Description  of  Britain,  p.  25  ;  Skel1 
ton's  Works,  i.  165. 

APOSTEMACION.    An  imposthume. 

Then  sayde  my  paciente,  I  hadde  a  grevous  sore 
legge,  with  greate  apostemacions  and  hollo wnes, where- 
fore if  he  coulde  have  done  nothing  but  talke,  he 
myght  have  talked  long  enough  to  my  legge  before  it 
would  so  have  been  whole. 

HalVs  Expostulation,  p.  24. 

APOSTHUME.  An  imposthume.  This  orthogra- 
phy is  given  by  Rider,  and  is  found  much  ear- 
lier in  Prompt.  Parv.  p.  13.  In  a  MS.  col- 
lection of  recipes  in  the  Library  of  Lincoln 
Cathedral,  f.  294,  is  a  "  drynke  for  the  apos- 

APOSTILHEED.    Apostleship. 

And  though  to  othere  I  am  not  apostle,  but  rrethe- 
les  to  3ou  I  am,  for  je  ben  the  litle  signe  of  myn 
aposlilheedin  the  Lord. 

Wickliffifs  New  Test.  p.  132. 

APOSTJLLE.  A  marginal  observation.  Cot- 
grave  says  in  v.  Appostile,  "  An  answer  unto 
apetition  setdowne  in  the  margent  thereof,  and 
generally,  any  small  addition  unto  a  great  dis- 
course in  writing." 

I  sende  unto  your  highnes  the  copies  of  the  same, 
with  suche  apostillss  and  declaration  in  the  mer- 
gentes,  as  in  red'ng  of  them  with  good  deliberadon, 
came  unto  my  myiule.  State  Papers,  i.  225. 

APOSTLE-SPOONS.  It  was  anciently  the  cus- 
tom for  sponsors  at  christenings  to  offer  gilt 
spoons  as  present?  to  the  child,  which  were 
called  apostle-spoons,  because  very  frequently 
the  figures  of  the  twelve  apostles  were  chased 
or  carved  on  the  tops  of  the  handles.  Opulent 
sponsors  gave  the  whole  twelve;  those  iii 
middling  circumstances  gave  four ;  while  the 
poorer  sort  often  contented  themselves  with 
the  gift  of  one,  exhibiting  the  figure  of  some 
saint  in  honour  of  whom  the  child  received  its 
name.  See  Brand's  Pop.  A.ntiq.  ii.  52.  At 
Cambridge  the  last  person  in  the  tripos  is 
called  a  spoon,  and  the  twelve  last  in  the  poll 
are  designated  the  twelve  Apostles. 
APOSTOLIONE.  An  ingredient,  perhaps  a 
herb,  mentioned  in  an  old  medical  recipe  in 
MS.  Lincoln  A.  L  17,  f.  295.  In  MS.  Jamys, 
f.  9,  in  a  long  recipe  to  make  an  apostoli- 
cone,  composed  of  frankincense,  alum,  and  a 
variety  of  other  things. 
APOSTROFACION.  Apostrophe. 
I  shall  you  make  relacion, 
By  waye  of  apostrofacion. 

Skelton's  Woifo,  i.  156. 
APOURTENAUNT.    Belonging. 

More  than  of  alle  the  remenaunt, 
Whiche  is  to  love  apourtenaunt. 

Gower,  MS.  Sue.  Antiq.  134,  f.  103. 
Ther  was  nothyngedesobeis^ant, 
Whiche  was  to  Rome  appiita  tenaunt. 

/6W.  f.  77- 

APOZEME.  A  drink  made  with  water  and 
divers  spices  and  herbs,  used  instead  of  syrup. 
Bullokar, 

APP  AIR.     To  impair;  to  make  worse.     Sea 


Hall,  Edward  IV.  f.  34 ;  Dial,  of  Great.  Mor. 
pp,  74,  76;  Morte  d'Arthur,  i.  72.     (J.-N.) 
Her  nature  ys  to  apparyn  and  amende, 
She  changyth  ever  and  fletyth  to  and  fro. 

Ragman's  Roll,  MS.  Fairfax  Iff. 
APPALL.     To  make  pale.     (A.-N.} 
Hire  liste  not  appalled  for  to  be, 
Nor  on  the  morwe  unfestliche  for  to  see. 

Chaucer,  Cant.  T.  10679- 

APPARAIL.      To  provide;  to  equip;  to  fur- 
nish.    (A.-N.) 

Sundry  yeomen  that  will  not  yet  for  all  that 
chaunge  their  condition,  nor  desire  to  be  apparailed 
with  the  titles  of  gen  trie. 

Lambarde's  Perambulation,  1596,  p.  14. 

APPARA  NCY.    Appearance. 

And  thus  thedombe  ypocrysye, 
With  his  clevoute  apparantj/e, 
A  viser  sette  upon  his  face. 

Gower,  HIS.  Soc.  Antiq.  134,  f.  42. 
Whose  fained  gestures  doe  entrap  our  youth 
With  an  apparancie  of  simple  truth. 

Browne* 3 Britannia's  Pastorals,  1G25,  p.  54. 

APPARATE.    Apparatus. 

The  whole  English  appara>tets.ni\  the  English  popu- 
lar calculation  tables,  with  an  almanac  forsooth  for 
the  next  year,  beginning  at  the  spring  equinox. 

MS  BodL3l3. 

APPAREIL.     The  sura  at  the  bottom  of  an  ac- 
count, which  is  still  due.     A  law  term,  given 
by  Sldnner. 
APPARE  MENTIS.     Ornaments. 

Pride,  with  appai  fiventis,  als  prophetic  have  tolde. 
Syr  Gawayne,  p.  10(J. 

APPARENCE.    An  appearance.     (Fr.) 
That  is  to  s=ayr.  to  irake  illusion 
By  swiche  an  apparent  or  joglerie. 

Chaucer,  Cxnt.T,  11577. 
APPARENTED.     Made  apparent. 

But  if  hehad  heene  in  his  affaires  stabled,  then  their 
fine  devises  f-  r  their  further  credit  should  have  bceue 
apparented.  Holinsfied,  Hist,  of  It  eland,  p.  89. 

APPARITION.     An  appearance,  in  the  literal 
sense  of  the  word.  It  is  so  used  by  Shakespeare, 
Much  Ado  about  Nothing,  iv,  1. 
APPARYSSHANDE.    Apparent. . 

Wherfore  the  disposicyon.  and  the  forme  of  the 
dedly  body  withoute  forth  is  not,  as  thou  supposyd, 
to  beholden  foule  and  unsemely,  but  the  moost  fayr- 
est  and  apparysshande  comelynesse. 

Carton's  Divers  Fruitful  Ghostly  Maters, 

APPASE.    Apace. 

An  actuarie,  clarke  or  scribe,  that  writeth  ones 
wordes  appa&e  as  they  are  spoken. 

Nomenclator,  p.  478. 

APP  ASS  ION  ATE.  To  have  a  passion  for. 
Florio  has  this  word  in  T.  Appassion&re, 
Martetttire.  Boucher  has  appassionated^  ex- 
plained "  stedfast ;"  but  see  Richardson,  in  v. 
APPATIZED.  A  term  applied  to  districts  which 
have  paid  composition  or  contribution,  in 
order  to  ransom  their  towns  from  military 
execution.  See  the  Ancient  Code  of  Military 
Laws,  1784,  p.  14. 

APPEACH.     To  impeach?    to  accuse,      See 
Warkworth/s  Chronicle,  p.  25 ;  Morte  d'Arthur, 
.  iH3.    CA-M) 

How,  let  furth  youre  geyse,  the  fox  wille  preche ; 
How  long  wilt  thou  me  appech 

With  thi  sermonyug  ?  Tvwneley  Mysteries,  p.  10. 


2  APP 

Why  doe  I  appeach  her  of  coinesse,  in  whom 
bountie  showeth  small  curiotisnesse. 

Greene's  Gwydonius,  1593. 

APPEAL.  This  word  appears  to  have  been 
formerly  used  with  much  latitude  ;  but  accord- 
ing to  its  most  ancient  signification,  it  implies 
a  reference  by  name  to  a  charge  or  accusation, 
and  ail  offer  or  challenge,  to  support  such 
charge  by  the  ordeal  of  single  combat.  See 
Morte  d'Arthur,  ii.  25. 

Tell  me,  moreover,  hast  thou  sounded  him, 
If  he  appeal  the  duke  on  ancient  malice. 

Richard  II.  i.  1. 

APPEARINGLY.    Apparently. 

Jppearingly  the  burthen  shortly  will  crush  him. 

Saline's  Letters,  17/5,  U.  40£ 

APPECEMENTES.  Impeachments.          /1— ^ 

The  seid  seducious  persones,  not  willing  to  l«ve  the 

possessions  that  they  hadde,  caused  the  seid  princes 

to  lay  suche  imposicions  and  charges,  as  well  by  way 

of  untrue  appecenentes  to  whom  they  owed  evill  wille 

unto.  MS.Ashmole,  llu'O. 

APPELLANT.   One  who  appeals. 

Behold  here  Henry  of  Lancastre,  duke  of  Hertford, 
appellant,  which  is  entered  into  the  listes  royall  to 
dooe  his  devoyre  against  Thomas  Mo  wbray. 

Hall,  Henry  1 7".  f.& 

APPEL-LEAF.  The  violet.  It  is  the  trans- 
lation of  viola  in  an  early  list  of  plants  in  MS. 
Harl.  978  ;  and  is  the  Anglo-Saxon  word. 
APPELYE.  Haply.  "Appyny,"  in  Weber's 
Met.  Rom.  iii.  279,  is  probably  an  error  for 
this  word.  See  his  Glossary,  in  v. 

And  whennehesawehirhede  oute,  he  smote  in  al 
themyght  of  his  body  to  the  serpent ;  but  the  serpent 
drow  hir  hede  ayene  so  appelye,  ande  so  sodenlye, 
that  the  strook  hitte  al  upone  the  vessclle. 

Geata  Jlr>wajiwum,  p.  197. 

APPELYN.    Apples.     (A.-S.) 

Nym  appelyn  and  sethhem,  and  lat  hem  kele,  and 
make  hem  thorw  a  clothe;  andonflesch  dayeskast 
therto  god  fat  breyt  of  bef,  and  god  wytegrees. 

Warner's  Antiq.  Culin.  p.  3.<). 

APPEND.  To  belong ;  to  appertain  to.  (^/.-M) 
See  Hardyng's  Chronicle,  f.  4  ;  Towneley  Mys- 
teries, p.  239. 

Tel  me  to  whom,  madame, 
That  tresour  appendeth. 

Pl&'S  Ploughman,  p.  17. 
When  all  lords  tocouncellandparlement 
Wentt,  he  wold  to  huntyng  and  to  haukyng, 
All  gentyll  disportt  as  to  a  lord  appent* 

MS.  JDowctf  378,  f.  62. 

APPENNAGE.  That  which  is  set  apart  by  princes 
for  the  support  of  their  younger  children. 
Skinner.  (Fr.) 

APPERCEIVE.  To  perceive.  (A.-N.}  See 
Wright's  Monastic  Letters,  pp.  145,  183; 
Sharp's  Cov.  Myst.  p.  179 ;  Gy  of  Warwike, 
p.  178;  Chaucer,  Cant.  T.  8476;  Morte 
d'Arthur,!,  221, ii.  212  ;  Reliq.  Antiq.  ii.  276; 
Sevyn  Sages,  1021,  1434 ;  Arthour  and  Merlin 
p.  30  ;  Thynne's  pebate,  p.  28 ;  Rom.  of  the 
Rose,  6312,  6371. 

This  lettre,  as  thou  hast  horde  devyse, 
Was  counterfeit  in  sueh.e  a  wtae, 
That  nomanschulde  it  apert'eyvei, 

Gower,  MS.  Sac.  Antiq,  134,  f.  67 
APPERCEIVING.    Perception. 


APP 

Who  coude  tellen  you  the  forme  of  daunces 
So  uncouth,  and  so  freshe  contenaunces, 
Swiche  subtil  lokings  and  dissimulings, 
For  dred  of  jalous  mennes  apperceivings  ? 

Chaucer,  Cant.  T.  10600. 

APPERIL.  Peril.  See  Middleton's  "Works, 
i.  427 ;  Ben  Jonson,  v.  137;  vi.  117, 159. 

Let  me  stay  at  thine  apperil.    Timon  of  Athens,  i.  2. 

APPERTAINMENT.  That  which  belongs  or 
relates  to  another  thing ;  to  any  rank  or  dig- 
nity. Shakespeare  has  the  word  in  Troilus 
and  Cressida,  ii.  3. 

APPERTINAUNT.  Belonging.  An  astrological 
term. 

He  is  the  hows  ,appertinaunt 
To  Venus  somdele  diseordaunt. 

Gower,  ei.  1532,  f.  146. 

APPERTYCES.    Dexterities.    (A.-N.) 

Grete  strokes  were  srnyten  on  bothe  sydes,  many 
men  overthrown,  hurte,  and  slayn,  and  grete  va- 
lyaunces,  prowesses  and  appei'tyces  of  werre  were 
that  day  shewed,  whiche  were  over  long  to  recounte 
the  noble  feates  of  every  man.  Marts  <ff  Arthur,  i.  145. 
APPERYNG.    To  deck  out ;  to  apparel. 
And  next  her  come  the  emperesse  Fortune, 
To  apperyng  him.  with  many  a  noble  signe. 

Lydgate's  Minor  Poems,  p.  7, 

APPETENCE.    Desire.    (Lot.) 

But  know  you  not  that  creatures  wan  ting  sense, 
By  nature  have  a  mutual  appetence. 

Mai  lowers  Works,  iii.  343, 

APPETITE.    To  desire ;  to  covet.     (A.-N.) 
As  matire  appetitith  forme  alwaie, 
And  from  forme  into  forme  it  passin  maie. 

Hypsipyle  and  Medea,  215. 

APPETIZE.    To  provoke  an  appetite  for  food. 

North. 

APPETY.    Appetite ;  desire. 
To  be  alone  is  not  my  appetie, 
For  of  all  thinges  in  the  world  I  love  mery  company. 
Hawkins1  KngL  Dram,  i,  122. 
APPIERT.     Open;  public. 

That  no  maner  person  holde  no  com  en  eschaunge 
pnivee  nor  appiert  in  the  said  citee,  ne  take  any 
thyng  for  profute  of  that  eschaunge. 

Arcfiteologia,  xv.  176, 
APPLE-CART.  Down  with  his  apple-cart,  knock 

or  throw  him  down.     North. 
APPLE-DRONE.    A  wasp ;  a  terrible  devourer 
of  apples,  and  more  especially  when  they  are 
beaten  or  ground  to  make  cider.    West. 
APPLE-GRAY.    Dapple  grey. 

His  head  was  troubled  in  such  a  bad  plight, 

As  though  his  eyes  were  apple-grays 
And  if  good  learning  he  hid  not  tooke, 
He  wad  a  cast  himselfe  away. 

The  King  and  a  Poors  Northerne  Han,  1640. 
APPLE-HOGLIN.  An  apple  turnover.  Suffolk. 
It  is  also  called  an  apple-jack,  and  is  made  by 
folding  sliced  apples  with  sugar  in  a  coarse 
crust,  and  baking  them  without  a  pan. 
APPLE-JOHN.  A  kind  of  apple,  not  ripe  till 
late  in  the  season,  and  considered  in  perfec- 
tion when  shrivelled  and  withered.  See 
Shakespeare's  2  Henry  IY.  ii.  4,  where  it  is 
stated  that  Falstaff  could  not  "endure  an 
apple-John."  The  term  is  still  in  use  in  the 
eastern  counties,  although  Forby  thinks  it  pos- 
sible the  same  variety  of  fruit  may  not  have 
been  retained. 


73 


APP 


APPLE-MOISE.  Cider.  Huloet,  in  his  Abce- 
darium,  1552,  translates  it  \yypomacivm.  See 
also  the  Catalogue  of  Douce's  Printed  Books, 
p.  309,  where  the  word  is  wrongly  printed.  In 
the  Prompt.  Parr.  p.  13,  we  have  appulmoce, 
which  appears  to  have  been  served  up  at  table 
as  a  dish,  consisting  of  the  apples  themselves 
after  they  had  been  pressed,  and  seasoned  with 
spices.  See  Warner's  Antiq.  Culin.  p.  16; 
Forme  of  Cury,  pp.  42,  96,  103. 

APPLEN.    Apples. 

Upe  the  hexte  t>owe  tueye  applen  he  sey. 

Rob.  Ghvc,  p.  283. 

APPLE-PEAR.  A  kind  of  pear,  mentioned  in 
Higins'  adaptation  of  Junius'  Nomenclator, 
p.  99.  It  seems  to  be  the  tankard  pear. 

APPLE-PIE-ORDER.  Anything  in  very  great 
order.  An  apple-pie-bed  furnishes  an  article 
for  Grose.  It  is  madesomewhat  in  the  fashion  of 
an  apple-turnover,  the  sheets  being  so  doubled 
as  to  prevent  any  one  from  getting  at  his  length 
between  them ;  a  common  trick  in  schools. 

APPLES-OF-LOVE.  The  fruit  of  some  foreign 
herb,  said  to  be  a  stimulus  for  the  tender 
passion.  Skinner  says  they  mefructus  solani 
cujusdam  peregrini  ;  that  is,  the  fruit  of  some 
foreign  species  of  nightshade. 

APPLE-SQUIRE.  This  word  appears  to  have 
been  used  in  several  senses.  An  apple-squire 
was  a  kept  gallant,  and  also  a  person  who  waited 
on  a  woman  of  bad  character.  In  the  Belman 
of  London,  1608,  we  are  told  the  apple-squire 
was  the  person  "  to  fetch  in  the  wine."  The 
term  was  often  applied  to  a  pimp.  Miege 
translates  it,  itn  grassier  ecuyer  de  dame. 
_See  Middleton's  Works,  iii.  232;  Cotgrave, 
in  v.  Cueitteur;  Florio,  in  v.  Guatdro;  Beau- 
mont and  Fletcher,  ii.  332 ;  Hall's  Satires,  i.  2 ; 
Dodsley's  Old  Plays,  xi.  284. 

His  little  lackey,  a  proper  yong  apple-squire,  called 
Pandarus»  whiche  cairieth  thekeye  of  his  chamber 
with  hym.  Bullien's  Dialogue,  1573,  p.  8. 

4pple-squyers,  entycers,  and  ravysshers, 
These  to  our  place  have  da>ly  herbegers. 

Utterson's  Pop.  Poet.  ii.  39. 

Such  stuffe  the  divell  did  not  tast,  only  one  little 
hellhound,  a  cronie  of  myne,  and  one  of  St.  George's 
apple-squires.  MS.  Seal.  30. 

APPLE-STUCKLIN.  An  apple-turnover.  Hants. 
In  Norfolk  it  is  called  an  apple-twelin. 

APPLE-TEKRE.  An  apple  orchard.  This  word 
was  formerly  used  in  Sussex,  but  seems  to  be 
now  obsolete.  Huloet,  in  his  Abcedarium, 
1552,  gives  apple-yard  in  the  same  sense.  In 
Devonshire,  they  have  a  curious  custom  at 
Christmas  of  firing  powder  at  apple  trees  and 
singing  lays  round  them  to  make  therft  more 
fruitful.  Brand  mentions  other  customs  or 
the  same  kind. 

APPLIAB  LE.    Capable  of  being  applied. 

And  therto  many  of  the  contrye  of  Kent  were  as- 
Eentynge,  and  cam  with  theyr  good  wills,  as  people 
redy  to  be  appliabte  to  stiche  seditious  commocions. 
Arrival  of  Edward  IV.  p.  33. 

APPLIANCE.  An  application ;  a  remedy  applied 
to  cure  a  disease.  See  how  it  is  used  in  2 
Henry  IV.  iii,  1 


APP  7 

APPLIMENT.     Application.    Ane.  Dr. 
APPLOT.     To  plot ;  to  contrive.     Taylor. 
APPLY.    To  take  a  certain  course  ;  to  ply.    A 
nautical  term.  (Lat.}     Shakespeare  uses  it  in 
the  sense  to  apply  to,  in  Tarn.  Shrew,  i.  1. 

With  the  nexte  fludd,  which  woold  be  aboute  foure 

of  the  clock  in  the  mornyng,  we  entend,  God  willing, 

tapplye  towardes  Dover.  State  Papers,  i.  816 

APPO.     An  apple.     Chesh. 

APPOAST.  To  suborn.  MinsJieu.  See  Cotgrave, 

in  v.  Apposte,  Assassin. 

APPOINT.  To  impute.  Shakespeare,  2  Hen.  IV. 
iv.  1,  has  it  in  the  sense  of  to  arm,  to  furnish 
-with  implements  of  war ;  and  appointment, 
Troilus  and  Cressida,  iv.  5,  preparation. 

If  anye  of  theise  wants  be  in  me,  I  beseeche  your 
lordshipp  appoint  them  to  my  extreme  state,  more 
greevous  then  disease;  more  unquiet  then  pryson; 
more  troblesome  to  me  then  a  painful  deathe.^ 

Harington'3  Ntiga}  Antique,  i.  48. 
APPON.  Upon.   SeeApon.    The  Thornton  MS, 
constantly  uses  this  orthography,  and  it  occurs 
in  Torrent  of  Portugal,  p.  2. 
APPONE.    To  dispute  with.    So  seems  to  be 
the  meaning  of  the  word  as  used  by  Plorio,  in 
v.  Apposto,  though  the  Latin  apponere  means 
to  pawn,  to  pledge, 
APPOSAYLE.     Question;  enquiry. 

Whan  he  went  out  his  enmies  to  assnyle, 
Made  unto  her  this  uncouth  apposayle. 

Bochas,  b.  v.  c.  22 
Madame,  your  apposeUe  is  wele  inferrid. 

Skelton's  Works,  i.  3fi7« 

APPOSE.  To  raise  questions ;  to  object ;  to  dis- 
pute with.  (A.-N.)  It  was  also  used  in  the 
sense  of  to  oppose,  as  in  MS.  Bib.  Reg.  12  B.  i 
f.  66,  "I  wyl  not  be  apposyd,  nolo  mihi  opponi? 
and  Prompt.  Parv.  p.  13.  See  also  Prompt 
Parv.  p.  144  ;  Chaucer,  Cant.  T.  7179, 15831 
Skelton's  Works,  i.  321 ;  Middleton's  Works 
i.  304. 

Tho  the  poeple  hyrn  cspposede 
With  a  peny  in  the  temple. 

Piers  Ploughman t  P«  18 

APPOSICION.    Annexation  of  substantives. 

But  this  yonge  childryne  that  gone  to  the  scole 
have  in  here  Donete  this  questione,  how  many  thmges 
fallen  to  apposition  f  Ande  it  is  answeride,  that  case 
alle  only  that  is  afalle.  Cesta  Rvmanorum,  p.  472 

APPOSITEES.    Antipodes. 

For  alle  the  parties  of  see  and  of  lond  han  here 
appotitees,  habitablesortrepassables,  and  the!  of  this 
half  and  beyond  half.  JfcwwtefewVa'a  Trawls,  p.  182 

APPREHENSION.  According  to  its  literal  im- 
port, means  laying  hold  of,  or  catching,  as  we 
still  use  it  applied  to  offenders  against  the  law 
Thus  in  Harrison's  description  of  the  pearl- 
muscle,  which  is  said  to  have  been  frequently 
found  in  the  rivers  Dee  and  Bon,  the  manner 
of  apprehension  is  likewise  mentioned.  In 
Beaumont  and  Fletcher,  iii.  171,  it  seems  to 
be  used  in  the  sense  of  imagination, 

APPREHENSIVE.  Of  quick  conception ;  per- 
ceptive. 

I  fly  unseen,  as  charmers  in  a  mist. 

Grateful  revenge,  whose  sharp-sweet  relist  fat-j 

My  apprehensive  soul.         The  True  Tny'tua,  Iii.  8 


APP 

My  father  oft  would  speak 
Your  worth  and  virtue  ;  and,  as  I  did  grow 
More  and  more  apprehensive,  I  did  thirst 
To  see  the  man  so  prais'd. 

Beaumont  and  Fletcher ,  i.  308. 
APPREIFFE.    Contrivance.  (Fr.) 

This  good  king,  by  witte  of  such  appreiffe, 
Kept  his  marchants  and  the  sea  from  mischiefe. 

Kakluyt's  Navigations,  1599,  i.  191- 
APPRENTICE-AT-LAW.  A  counsellor,  the  next 
in  rank  under  a  serjeant. 

He  speaks  like  master  Practice,  one  that  is 
The  child  of  a  profession  he  is  vow'd  to, 
And  servant  to  the  study  he  hath  taken, 
A  pure  apprentice-at-law  ! 

Sen  Jonson's  Magnetic  Lady,  iii.  3  jj 

APPRENTICE-HOOD.    Apprenticeship. 
Must  I  not  serve  a  long' apprentice-hood. 

Richard  11.  i.  3. 

APPRESSED.    Oppressed, 

Trowth  and  pore  men  ben  appressed, 
And  myscheff  is  nothyng  redressed. 

Excerpt.  Hist.  p.  SCO. 

APPREST.    Preparation.    (Fr.) 

Seen  the  said  man's  declaration,  and  my  saide 
Lorde  Admyralles  declaration,  that  there  is  no 
apprest  of  any  ships  in  Spayne  to  any  purpose  to  be 
regarded.  State  Paper*,  i.  594. 

All  the  winter  following  Vespasian  laie  at  Yorke, 
making  his  apprests  against  the  next  spring  to  go 
against  the  Scots  and  Picts. 

HotiwJted,  Hitt.  Scot.  p.  48, 
APPRINZE.     Capture, 

1  mean  not  now  th*  apprinze  of  Pucell  Jone. 

Miri'ow  for  Magistrates,  ed.  1G10,  p.  341. 

APPRISE.    Learning.    (A.-NJ 
Far  slouthe  is  ever  to  despise, 
Whiche  in  desdeyne  hath  alle  apprise. 

Gowei;  MS.  Soc.Aiitiu.  1^4,  f- 118. 
APPRO  ACHE  R.    One  who  approaches  or  draws 

near.    See  Timon  of  Athens,  iv.  3. 
APPROBATE.  Approved  ;  celebrated.    In  MS. 
Ashmole  59,  f.  35,  mention  is  made  of  a  ballad 
"  by  that  approbate  poete  Lidegate,  the  Munk 
of  Burye."    Cf.  MS.  Addit  5467,  ff.  71,  85. 

Havyng  perfect  confidence  and  sure  hope  in  the 

approbate  fidelitie  and  oonstaunt  integritie  whiche  I 

have  ever  experimented.         Hall,  Edward  IV.  f.  60. 

Nowe  yf  she  refuse  in  the  deliveraunce  of  hyra  to 

folowe  the  wisdorne  of  theim,  whose  wisdome  she 

knoweth,  whose  approbate  fidelitee  she  trusteth,  it 

is  easye  to  perceave  that  frowardnesse  letteth  her,  and 

not  feare.  Supp.  to  Hardy n&  f.  46. 

APPROBATION.  (1)  Proof;  approval. 

—  How  many,  now  in  health, 
Shall  drop  their  blood  '^approbation 
Of  what  your  reverence  shall  incite  us  to. 

Henry  V.  i.  2. 

^2)  Noviciate. 

This  day  my  sister  should  the  cloister  enter, 
And  there  receive  her  approbation* 

Jtfeus.  for  Meas.  i.  3- 
APPROCHEMENT.    Approach. 

The  Frenchmen  whiche  werescace  up,  and  thought 

of  nothyng  lesse  then  of  thys  sodayn  apjn'ochvment, 

some  rose  out  of  their  beddes  in  their  shertes,  and 

lepte  over  the  walles.  Hall,  Henry  VI.  f.  21. 

APPROMENT.    Approvement  ? 

If  It  please  you  to  assign e  me,  send  me  word  what 
increse  and  appromentye  wyll  gyve,  and  I  wyll  applie 
my  raynd  and  service  to  your  pleasure  and  wele 

Plumirfon  Correspondence,  p.  8& 


APR 


75 


APY 


APPROMPT.    To  prompt.    Bacon. 
APPROOF.    Approbation. 

So  his  apprnof  lives  not  in's  epitaph, 

As  in  your  royal  speech. 

AW s  Well  that  Ends  Well,  i.  2. 

APPROPER.   To  appropriate.   See  Sir  T.  More's 
Workes,  p.  428  ;  Maundevile's  Travels,  p.  35. 
Withouten  his  awen  joyes  les  and  mare, 
That  till  himself  sail  be  upprnpryed  thare. 

MS.Harl  4196,  f.257. 

Mighte  es  appropirde  to  Godd  the  Fadire  ;  wysdome 
to  God  the  Sone ;  gudnes  to  God  the  Haly  Ga&te. 

MS.  Lincoln  A.  i   17,  f.  199. 

APPROPINQUE.    To  approach.   (laf.) 
The  knotted  blood  within  my  hose, 
That  from  my  wounded  body  flows, 
With  mortal  crisis  doth  portend 
My  days  to  appropinque  an  end. 

Hudibras,  I.  iii.  590. 

APPROVE.  To  justify;  to  make  good;  to  es- 
tablish ;  to  prove.  See  Beaumont  and  Fletcher, 
ii.  384  ;  M.  of  Ven.  iii.  2 ;  Two  Gent,  of  V.  v.  4. 
APPROVER.  An  informer.  (A.-N.)  A  per- 
son who  had  the  letting  of  the  king's  de- 
mesnes in  small  manors  to  the  best  advantage 
•was  likewise  called  an  approver. 

This  false  theef,  this  sompnour,  quod  the  frere, 

Had  alway  baudes  redy  to  his  hond, 

As  any  hauke  to  lure  in  Englelond, 

That  told  him  all  the  secree  that  theykn ewe, 

For  hir  acquaintance  was  no't  come  of  newe; 

They  weren  his  approvers  .prively, 

Chaucer,  Cant.  T.  6925. 

APPUGNANT.     Quarrelsome.     (Lat.} 

APPULLE.  An  apple.  This  is  the  form  of  the 
word  in  Maundevile's  Travels,  p.  9 ;  Chron. 
Vilodun,  p.  25.  It  is  also  retained  in  the  an- 
cient dish  called  appulmoy. 

APPUYED.     Supported.    Skinner. 

A-PRAYSUT.  Praised.  The  Douce  MS.  reads 
jt?nzyseJ,andthe  Lincoln  MS.  omits  the  line. 

Hurkerchefes  were  curiouse,  with  mony  a  proud  prene  ; 

Hur  euparel  was  a-praysut  with  princes  of  myjte. 

Robson's  Romances,  p.  14. 

APRES.  In  the  inventory  of  Sir  John  Fastolfe's 
goods,  printed  in  the  Archaeologia,  xxi.  263, 
occurs  the  entry,  "  j.  cover  of  flares  lynyd  with 
lynen  clothe."  Mr.  Amyot  conjectures  boar's 
skin,  and  Douce  supposes  it  to  be  cloth  of 
Ypres  in  Flanders,  famous  for  its  woollen 
manufacture. 

APRICATE.     To  bask  in  the  sun.     (Lat.} 

His  lordship  was  wont  to  recreate  himself  in  this 
place  to  apricate  and  contemplate,  and  his  little  dog 
with  him.  Aubrey's  Wilts,  MS.  Royal  Soc.  p.  259. 

APRICOCK.    An  apricot.     West. 

Hop  in  his  walks,  and  gambol  in  his  eyes ; 
Feed  him  with  apricocJts  and  dewberries. 

A  Mids.  Night's  Dream,  iii.  1. 

APRIL.  Ray  has  the  proverb,  "  April — bor- 
rows three  days  of  March,  and  they  are  ill." 
April  is  pronounced  with  an  emphasis  on  the 
last  syllable,  so  as  to  make  a  kind  of  jingling 
rhyme  with  ill  See  Brand's  Pop.  Antiq.  ii.  25. 
The  wedding-day  is  sometimes  satirically  called 
April-day,  in  allusion  to  the  common  custom 
of  making  fools  on  the  1st  of  April.  In  the 
Merry  Wives  of  Windsor,  iii,  2,  the  Host  of  the 
Garter,  speaking  of  Fenton,  says,  "  he  smells 


April    and   May;"    that  is,  of  youth  and 
courtship. 

APRIL-GOWK.    An  April  fool.    North. 
APRILLED.    Applied  to  beer  or  milk  which  has 
turned,  or  is  beginning  to  turn,  sour :  also 
metaphorically  to  a  person  whose  temper  has 
been  discomposed.    Devon. 
APRINE.  According  to  Horman,  "  swyne  wode 
for  love  groyneth,  and  let  passe  from  them  a 
poyson  called  aprine."     See  Prompt.  Parv. 
p.  218. 

APRISE.   (1)  Learning.     (A.-N.} 
Crafte  or  outher  queyntyse, 
But  fordeddyst  hys  apryse. 

MS.  Sari.  1701,  f.  26, 
And  that  he  wote  of  good  apris, 
To  teche  it  forth  for  suche  emprise. 

Cower,  MS.  $oc.4ntiq.  134,  f.  38. 
But  of  hir  court  in  sondry  wise, 
After  the  scole  of  hir  aprise. 

Cower,  MS.  BodL  214. 

(2)  An  enterprise ;  an  adventure.   (A.-N.) 
Sithin  alle  the  loce  in  the  lise, 
Thou  schalle  tyne  thine  aprise. 

Robson's  Romances,  p.  86. 
Ac  yif  thou  levest  hire  lesing1, 
Than  the  falle  a  werse  apriae, 
As  dede  to  that  elde  wise.      Sevyn  Sages,  1941. 

APRON.    The  caul  of  a  hog.  East.    The  term 
is  more  usually  applied  to  the  fat  skinny  cover- 
ing of  the  belly  of  a  duck  or  goose. 
APRON-MAN.  A  waiter.   Cf.  Coriolanus,  iv.  6. 
We  had  the  salute  of  welcome,  gentlemen,  pre- 
sently ;    Wilt  please  ye  see  a  chamber  ?    It  was  our 
pleasure,  as  we  answered  the  apron-man,  to  see,  or 
be  very  neare  the  roome  where  all  that  noise  was. 
Rowley's  Search  for  Money,  1609. 

APROVE.    To  prove. 

Y  seighe  it  meself  for  so  the, 
And  wil  aprove  biforn  hem  bothe, 
That  thai  can  nought  say  nay. 

4mis  and  Amiloun,  803. 

APS.  The  asp,  or  aspen  tree.  South  and  West. 
The  adjective  apsen  is  also  used.  There  is  a 
farm  in  the  Isle  of  Wight  called  Apse. 
APT.  To  adapt ;  to  fit.  See  Mr.  Cunningham's 
Revels  Accounts,  p.  101,  "apting,  preparing, 
furnishing,  and  setting  fourth  of  divers  plaies 
or  showes  of  histories." 

APTES.     Skinner  proposes  to  read  aptitudes  in 
the  following  passage : 

Thei  han  as  well  divers  aptes,  and  divers  raaner 
usynges,  and  thilk  aptes  mowen  in  will  ben  cleped 
aifeccions.  Chaucer,  ed.  Urry,  p.  517. 

APTLY.     Openly.     See  Weber's  glossary  to  the 
Battle  of  Floddon  Field,  p.  235.    Perhaps  we 
should  read  apertly. 
APTYDE.    Appetite. 

And  to  make  her  fresh  wyth  gay  attyris, 
She  sparith  no  cost  to  yef  men  aptyde* 

MS.  Laud  416,  f.  54. 

APURT.  Impertinent.  Somerset.  IntheExmoor 
glossary  it  is  explained,  "  sullen,  disdainfully 
silent,  with  a  glouting  look." 
APYES.    Apes. 

Also  fast  ase  he  myght  fare, 
Fore  berrys  and  apyes  that  ther  were, 
Lest  they  wold  hym  byght. 

Torrent  of  Portugal,  p.  28. 


AQU  / 

_E.  Readily. 
And  with  ther  swyrdys  apygMe> 
Made  bur  a  logge  with  bowes. 

MS.  Cantab,  Ff.  ii   38,  f.  120. 

APYUM.  Parsley.  See  an  old  receipt  in  an 
ancient  medical  MS.  at  Lincoln,  f.  285. 

AQUA-ACUTA.  A  composition  made  of  tartaric 
and  other  acids,  formerly  used  for  cleaning  ar- 
mour. A  receipt  for  it  is  given  in  an  early 
medical  MS.  at  Middlehill. 

A.QUABOB.  An  icicle.  Kent.  Grose  gives  this 
word,  which  seems  to  be  a  strange  compound 
of  the  Latin  language  and  the  provincial  dialect. 

A-QUAKE.   To  tremble. 

Syf  he  hadde  slept,  hym  neded  awake  j 
3yf  he  were  wakyng,  he  shulde  a-qva7ce. 

MS.  Hurl.  1701,  f.  52- 

AQUAL.     Equal.    North. 

AQUAPATYS.  An  ancient  dish,  the  receipt  for 
•which  is  given  in  the  Forme  of  Cury,  p.  41. 

AQUAT.    Sitting  on  the  houghs.    Somerset. 

AQUATIL.  Inhabiting  the  water.  HoweH,  in 
his  Lexicon,  explains  a  crocodile  to  be  "  a  kind 
of  amphibolous  creture,  partly  aquatil,  partly 
terrestrial."  (Lat.) 

AQUATORIES.    Watery  places. 

Thastrologier  of  heos  aquatories, 
With  thastrelabur  to  take  thascendent. 

MS,  Ashmole  59,  f.  18. 

AQUA-VITJE.    Several  old  receipts  for  making 
aqua-vitae  are  given  in  Douce's  Illustrations, 
i.  68-70,  where  the  exact  nature  of  it  may  be 
seen.    Irish  aqua-vitae  was  usquebaugh,  but 
brandy  was  a  later  introduction,  nor  has  the 
latter  term  been  found  earlier  than  1671. 
According  to  Nares,  it  was  formerly  in  use  as 
a  general  term  for  ardent  spirits,  and  Ben 
Jonson  terms  a  seller  of  drams  an  "  aqua-vit® 
man."    See  the  Alchemist,  i.  1 ;  Cunningham's 
Revels  Accounts,  p.  146 ;  Witts,  Fittes,  and 
Fancies,  1595,  p.  128. 
AQUEIGHT.    Shook ;  trembled.    (A.-S) 
His  fet  in  the  stiropes  he  streight, 
The  stirop  to-bent,  the  hors  aqueight. 

Arthour  and  Merlin,  p.  121. 
The  gleumen  useden  her  tungej 
The  wode  aqueightte  so  hy  sunge. 

RyngAlisaunder,  5257- 

A.QUEINTABLE.  Easy  to  be  acquainted  with. 
(A.-M.) 

Wherefore  be  wise  and  aqueintatile, 
Godelie  of  worde  and  resonable, 
Bathe  to  lesse  and  eke  to  mare, 

Rom.  of  the  Rose,  2213. 

1QUELLEN.  •  To  kill ;  to  destroy ;  to  subdue. 
(A.-S.)  See  Kyng  Horn,  881 ;  Richard  Coer 
de  Lion,  2569  ;  Sevyn  Sages,  2758 ;  RLtson's 
Ancient  Songs,  p.  21. 

And  her  gref  anon  hem  teld, 
Hou  Fortiger  her  king  aqueld, 

Arthour  and  Merlin,  p.  16. 
And  seyd  him,  so  ich  to-fore  teld, 
Hou  the  Paiens  his  folk  aqueld.       Ibid.  p.  271. 
And  gif  y  schal  be  thus  aqueld, 
Thurch  strong  hete  in  the  feld, 
It  were  ogain  the  skille. 

Gy  of  Warwike,  p,  323. 


AQUENCH.   To  quench,  applied  to  either  thirst 
or  hunger ;  to  destroy.     See  Aqueynt. 
Nothing  he  ne  founde  in  al  the  nijte, 
Wer-mide  his  honger  aquencfie  raijtte. 

Reliq,  Antiq*  ii.  274. 
Er  thou  valle  of  thi  bench, 
Thi  jenne  aquench.          MS*  Arundel  57,  f.  51 
And  thus  fordoth  hem  lyf  and  ]yme, 
And  so  aquencheth  al  here  venyme. 

MS.  Addit  10036,  f.  AO. 
AQUETONS.    An  acquittance. 

Of  the  resayver  speke  wylle  I, 
That  fermys  resayvys  wytturly  ; 
Of  graynys  and  hcmi  aqmtons  makes, 
Sexpons  therfore  to  feys  he  takes. 

Boke  of  Curtasye,  p.  25. 

AQUEYNT.  (1)  Quenched  with  water ;  de- 
stroyed. See  S-evyn  Sages,  1991 ;  Reliq.  Antiq. 
ii.  229.  (A.-S.} 

As  hi  stode  mid  here  Ii3t, 

As  me  doth  5ut  nou, 

Here  lijt  aqueynte  overal, 

Here  non  nuste  hou.       MS.  (quoted  in  Boucher.\ 

Ac  that  fur  aqueynte  sone, 

And  ne  myjte  here  brenne  nojt. 

MS.  Coll.  Ti-in.  Oxon*  57 

(2)  Acquainted. 

Therfore  toke  he  bapteme  feynte, 
To  be  with  Phelip  so  aqueynt. 

Cursor  Mttndi,  SIS.  Coll.  Trin.  Cantab,  f.  119 
Heo  desirith  nothyng  more, 
.  Than  to  beo  to  you  aqweynt. 

Ky^g  Alisaiindar,  75D6. 
It  is  so  marvellous  and  queint, 
With  suche  love  be  no  more  aqueiiit. 

Rom.  of  the  Rcse,  5200. 

AQUILITY.    Agility.  Florio  translates  attestors, 
11  to  make  nimble,  she,  or  quicke,  or  dight  with 
aquilitie" 
AQUITE.   (1)  To  acquit. 

God  wite  in  o  dai  wan  it  aquited  be. 

Roo.  Clone,  p.  5G5 
I  wol  the  of  thy  trouthe  aquite. 

Gower,  MS.  Soc.  Antiq.  134,  f.  48 
Of  prisoun  shal  thou  be  take  away, 
And  ben  aquit  bifore  justise. 

Cursor  Mundi,  MS.  Coll.  Trin.  Cantab,  f.  28. 

(2)  Requited. 

But  how  it  was  to  hire  aquite, 
The  remembraunce  dwelleth  jit. 

Gower,  MS.  See.  Antiq.  134,  f.  153. 
He  wole  aqwyte  us  ryth  wele  oure  mede, 
And  I  have  lysens  for  to  do. 

Coventry  Mysteries,  p.  333. 

(3)  To  pay  for.  (^.-7V.) 

Or  if  his  winning  be  so  Hte, 
That  his  labour  will  not  aquite 
Sufficiauntly  al  his  living, 
Yet  may  he  go  his  brede  begging. 

Romaunt  of  the  Rose,  6742 

AQUOINTE.    Acquainted. 

And  he  was  aquointe  muche  to  the  quene  of  Fraunce, 
And  sonadel  to  muche,  as  me  wende,  so  that  in  som 
thing  [king. 

The  queue  lotede,  as  me  wende,  more  him  than  the 
Rt>b.  Glouc.  p.  465. 
I  trust  we  shalbe  better  aquoynt, 
And  I  shalle  staode  better  yn  your  grace. 

JitS.  Rawl.  C.  258 

AQUOT,  Cloyed ;  weary  with  eating.  Devon 
"  Chave  eat  so  much  cham  quit  ayuot"  i.  e 


ARA 


77 


ARA 


I  can  eat  no  more,  I  have  eaten  so  much  that 
I  am  cloyed.    Ray  gives  this  example  in  his 
English  words,  1674,  p.  80. 
AQUOY.     Coy;  shy. 

With  that  she  knit  her  brows, 

And  looking  all  aquoy, 
Quoth  she,  What  should  I  have  to  do 

With  any  prentice  boy  ?  George  Barnivett,  2dPt. 
AQUYTED.     Quitted  ;  made  to  quit. 
V  am  of  Perce  desehargid, 
Of  Mede,  and  of  Assyre  aquyted. 

Kynff  Alisaunder,  3869. 

AR.  (1)  A  scar;  a  pockmark.  This  word  is  ex- 
tremely common  in  the  North  of  England.  In 
MS.  Bib.  Rig.  17  C.  xvii.  f.  40,  written  in  the 
North  about  the  middle  of  the  fifteenth  cen- 
tury, we  have  "  cicatrix,  ar  or  wond." 

(2)  An  oar. 

And  grop  an  ar  that  was  ful  god, 

Lep  to  the  dore  so  he  wore  wod.  HaveloTc,  1775. 

(3)  Or.  See  Prompt.  Parv.  p.  83.   Hearne  gives 
ar  the  meanings,  "  as,  after,  before,  ere,  till." 
See  Gloss,  to  Rob.  Glouc.  p.  617. 

For  them  had  no  man  dere, 
Reche  ar  pore  wethyr  they  were, 

They  ded  ever  ryght.  Sir  Clege*,  35. 

(4)  Before. 

Al  this  world,  ar  this  book  blynne, 
With  Cristis  helpe  I  shal  over-rynne. 

Cursor  Mu»di,  MS,  Coll.  Trin.  Cantab,  f.  1. 
Aboute  mydnyght,  ar  the  day, 
Whiles  he  madeconjuryng, 
Schco  saw  fleo,  in  hire  raetyng, 
Hire  thought  a  dragon  adoun  lyght ; 
To  hire  chaumbre  he  made  his  fiyght. 

Kyng  Allsaunder,  344. 

A  RACE.  To  draw  away  by  force.  (A.-N.)  Skin- 
ner  also  gives  it  the  sense  of  erase.  See  Har- 
rington's Nugae  Antiquae,  i.  47;  Rom.  of  the 
Rose,  1752. 

And  in  hire  swough  so  sadly  holdeth  she 
Hire  children  two,  whan  she  gan  hem  embrace, 
That  with  gret  sleight  and  gret  difficultee 
The  children  from  hire  arm  they  gan  arrace. 

Chaucer,  Cant.  T.  8979 

ARACH.  The  herb  orach.  Minsheu.  Palsgrave,  ; 
f.  18,  has  arage,  q.  v. ;  and  a  much  earlier  form  i 
occurs  in  a  list  of  plants  in  MS.  Harl.  978, ; 
arasches.  \ 

ARADDE.  Explained.  Compare  the  printed  ; 
edition  of  1532,  f.  4. 

This  was  the  sweven  whiche  he  hadde, 
That  Danielle  anone  aradde. 

Gmoer,  MS.  Sac.  Antiq.  134,  f.  34. 

ARAFE.  A  kind  of  precious  stone. 
Hir  paytrelle  was  of  a  rialle  fyne, 
Hir  cropurwas  oEarafe. 

MS.  Cantab.  Ff.  v.  48,  f.  116 

ARAFTE.  Struck;  smote. 
That  peple  seyde  than, 
Thys  ys  fend  Satan, 

That  mankende  wyll  forfare. 
For  wham  Lybeauus  arafte, 
After  hys  ferste  drawghte 
Heslep  forevermare.      Lybeaus  Discomis,  1129. 
ARAGE.    The  herb  orach.    Prompt.  Parv. 
ARAGED.    Enraged.     (A.-N.} 

And  whanne  he  had  eten  hit,  he  swalle  soo  tyl  he 
hrast,  and  there  sire  Patryce  felle  doun  sodeuly  deede 


amonge  hem.  Thenne  every  knyghte  lepte  from 
the  bord  ashamed  and  araged,  for  wrathe  nygheoute 
of  her  wyttes.  Morte  d'Arthw ,  ii.  321. 

ARAIN.     A  spider.    According  to  Ray  this  is 
the  name  given  in  Northamptonshire  to  the 
larger  kind  of  spiders,  but  he  also  gives  its  more 
general  meaning  in  his  North  country  words. 
Aran-web    is  a  cobweb  in  Northumberland. 
Aranye  is  the  form  of  the  word  in  the  Prompt. 
Parv.  p.  14.    Derham,  as  quoted  by  Richard- 
son, uses  the  word  araneous. 
Sweep  Warrant  down,  till  all  be  clean,  neer  Hn, 
Els  he'l  leauk  all  agye  when  he  comes  in. 

Yorkshire  Dialogue,  1697,  P.  59. 

ARAISE.   To  raise.    See  the  example  from  the 
arrival  of  King  Edward  IV.  p.  23,  quoted  under 
Arredy  ;  Morte  d' Arthur,  ii.  54,  85,  432,  436. 
Swych  men  areyasn  baner 
Ajens  holy  cherches  power. 

MS.  Harl.  1701,  f.  61. 
Anon  the  busshop  bad  she  shuld  not  tary, 
But  to  areyse  the  bagge  and  make  hym  cary. 

MS.  Laud.  416,  f.  1. 

ARANEE.    A  spider. 

And  5if  je  fynde  that  the  aranee  have  y-maad 
hure  web  by  the  myddel  of  hem,  it  is  a  tokene  that 
it  is  of  no  long  while,  or  at  the  leest  it  is  of  the  myd- 
del overnone  of  the  day  byfore.  MS.  Bodl.  S4G. 
A-RANKE.    In  a  rank ;  in  a  row. 

The  day  is  come ;  the  pretty  dames, 

Which  be  so  free  and  franke, 
Do  go  so  sagely  on  the  way, 
By  two  and  two  a-ranfte. 

Galfi-ido  and  Bernardo,    1570. 

ARAPE.     Quickly.     (Lot.) 

Over  theo  table  he  leop  arape. 

Kyng  Ali&aunder,  4230. 

ARAS.    (1)  Arose. 

Or  1  fro  the  bord  arcs, 

Of  my  frend  betrayd  y  was. 

MS.  Add.it.  11307,  f-  !>1. 
(2)  Arrows. 

Bomen  bickarte  uppone  the  bent 

With  ther  browd  araa  cleare.  Chery  C!.a*e. 

ARATE.     To  rate;  to  scold; to  correct.  (4.-S.) 
And  foule  y  rebuked, 
And  a-rated  of  riche  men 
That  ruthe  is  to  here. 

Piers  Ploughman,  p.  283. 
ARAUGHT.  Seized ;  taken  away  by  force.  From 
Areche,  q.v.  See  the  Sevyn  Sages,  895 ;  Kyng  of 
Tars,  1096.     It  is  used  also  in  the  sense  of 
struck,  or  seized  by  the  weapon ;  and  reached, 
as  in  the  third  example.    (A.-S.) 
Right  bifor  the  doukes  fet, 
Gij  araught  him  with  a  staf  gret. 

Gy  of  WarwiTee,  p.  225. 
Al  that  ever  his  ax  araught, 
Smertlich  his  deth  he  laught. 

JUS.  Arund.  Cvll.  Ar-m.  58,  f.  261. 
Criste  wroujte  first  and  after  taujte, 
So  that  the  dede  his  worde  arau^te. 

Cower,  MS.  Soc.  Antiq.  134,  f.  138. 
Florice  the  ring  here  araufl, 
And  he  him  ajen  hit  breaujt. 

Floi'ice  and  BlancTieflour,  ?Vf. 
So  sturae  strokes  thay  a-ratfe, 
Eyther  til  other  the  whyle.    MS.  Ashmole  33, 

A-RAWE.    In  a  row. 


ARE 


78 


Thar  nas  man  that  ther  neye  come,  | 

That  hene  was  to-corwen  anon 
So  griseliche  be  the  engins, 
For  to  sle  the  Sarrazmes 
la  ich  half  y-sett  a-rau>«. 

Gy  of  Wanvilte,  p.  125. 
And  dede  him  tuiss  knely  a-rawe, 
And  almost  hadde  him  y  slawe. 

drlhour  and  Merlin,  p.  334. 

ARA.WIS.    Arrows. 

Theyr  hoked  arawis  dothe  ever  bakward  flee. 

Lydgate's  Minor  Poem-y,  p.  171- 

ARAYE.  (1)     Order.     (J.-N.) 

The  time  of  uuderne  of  the  same  day 
Approcheth,  that  this  wedding  shulde  be, 
And  all  the  paleis  put  was  in  array, 
Both  halle  and  chambres  eehe  in  his  degree. 

Chaucer,  Cant.  T.  8138. 

(2)  Equipage.    "  Man  of  aray,"  a  king, 

Y  have  wetyn,  syth  y  was  man  of  aray, 
He  hath  slayne  syxty  on  a  day. 

MS.  Cantab  Ff.  ii.  38,  f.  65. 
And  to  the  peples  eres  all  and  some 
Was  couth  eke,  that  a  ncwe  markisesse 
He  with  him  brought,  in  swiche  pomp  and  richesse, 
That  never  was  ther  seen  with  mannes  eye 
So  noble  array  in  al  West  Lurnbardie. 

Chaucer t  Cant.  T.  8821. 

(3)  Clothing. 

Som  saiden,  women  loven  best  richesse, 
Som  saiden  honour,  som  saideu  jolmesse, 
Sora  riehe  array,  som  saiden  lust  a-bedde, 
And  oft  time  to  be  widewe  and  to  be  wedde. 

Chaucer,  Cant.  T.  6509. 

(4)  Situation. 

Thou  standest  yet,  quod  she,  in  swiche  array, 
That  of  thy  lif  yet  hast  thou  no  seuretee. 

Chaucer,  Cant.  T.  6484. 

(5)  To  dress. 

Whan  that  the  firste  cock  hath  crowe  anon, 
Up  rist  this  joly  lover  AhsoJon, 
And  him  arayeth  gay  at  point  devise. 

Chaucer,  Cant.  T.  3689. 

(6)  To  dispose ;  to  afflict.    See  Chaucer,  Cant.  T. 
8837 ;  Towneley  Mysteries,  p.  40 ;   Skelton's 
"Works,  ii.  197.    Herman  applies  the  word  to 
illness, — "  lie  was  sore  arayed  with  sycknesse." 
In  the  Morte  d' Arthur,  ii.  374-5,  it  seems  to 
"be  a  substantive,  in  the  sense  of  disorder,  tu- 
mult; and  Mr.  Dyce  gives  quotations  from 
Reynard  the  Fox,  in  which  it  occurs  as  a  verb 
in  a  similar  signification.     In  Maundevile's 
Travels,  p.  214,  it  means  to  prepare,  to  arrange. 

ARAYNED.    Tied  up. 

And  thenne  he  alyghte  doune,  and  arayned  his 
hors  on  the  brydel.  and  bonde  alle  the  thre  knyghtes 
fast  with  the  raynes  of  their  owne  brydels. 

Moj-te  d'Arthur,  I.  156. 

ARATNYE.  Sand,  So  it  is  explained  in  Prompt 
Parv.  MS.  Harl.  221,  f.  5,  by  the  Latin  arena. 
The  other  copies  read  aranye,  aranea,  for  which 
this  may  be  an  error,  but  not  "  evidently,"  as 
stated  by  Mr.  Way. 

ARAYSING.    Advancing. 

Also,  in  araysing  the  auncyaunt  nobles  of  England, 
the  king  hath  appoyuted  a  good  nonmbre  of  noble 
persones  of  this  his  realme  to  take  the  ordre  of 
knyghthode,  and  be  made  knights  of  the  Bath. 

Rutland  Papers,  p.  3. 

ARBAGE.    Herbage. 


ARC 

Sir,  afor  the  arbage,  dout  yt  not ;  for  Sir  Henry 
Wentforth,  nor  yet  none  other,  can  have  it,  nor 
nothinge  that  belongeth  to  David. 

Plumpton  Correspondence,  p.  9-1. 
ARBER.     (1)  An  arbour.     Skinner  has  arberer 
in  the  same  sense. 

And  in  the  garden,  as  I  vrene, 
Was  an  arber  fayre  and  grene, 
And  in  the  arber  was  a  tre, 
A  fayrer  in  the  world  might  none  he. 

Sqnt/r  of  Lowe  Degre,  28. 

(2)  To  maKe  the  arler,  a  phrase  in  hunting,  is 
to  disembowel  the  animal,  which  must  be  done 
in  a  neat  and  cleanly  manner.  The  dogs  are 
then  rewarded  with  such  parts  of  the  entrails 
as  their  two-legged  associates  do  not  think 
proper  to  reserve  for  their  own  use.  See  Scott's 
notes  toTristrem,  p.  387  ;  Ben  Jonson,  vi.  270. 

ARBERYE.    Wood. 

In  that  contree  is  but  lytillearberjye,  ne  trees  that 
beren  frute,  ne  othere.  Thei  lyjn  in  tentes,  and  thei 
brennen  the  doug  of  bestes  for  defaute  of  wode. 

Maundem^*  Travels,  p.25G 
Enhorilde  with  arborye,  and  alkyns  trees. 

Morte 4rt?iuret  MS.  Lincoln,  f.C7. 

ARBESET.    A  strawberry  tree.     (A.-N.) 
Thou  schalt  fynde  trowes  two : 
Seyntes  and  holy  they  buth  bo, 
Hygher  than  in  othir  contray  all ; 
Arbeszt  men  heom  callith. 

Kyng  Alieaun  der,  67(«5 . 

ARBITRATE.    To  determine. 

Thoughts  speculative  their  unsure  hopes  relate ; 
But  certain  issue  strokes  must  arbitrate. 

Macbeth,  v.  4. 

ARBITRIE.     Judgment.    Chaucer. 
ARBLAST.    An  alblast,  q.  v.     (^.-JV.) 
But  ri&e  up  your  mangonel, 
And  cast  to  their  tree-castel, 
And  shoot  to  them  with  arblast, 
The  tailed  dogs  for  to  aghast  I 

Richard  Coer  de  L*o»,  1807. 
With  bouwe  and  wettest  thare  schoten  to  Inm, 
Four  hondret  knyjtes  and  mo.      MS.  Laud  1118,  f.  123. 

ARBLASTIR.    An  alblastere,  q.  v.    (A.-N.} 

Men  soinin  ovirthe  wall  stondc 

Gret  erigins,  which  y  were  ncre-honde, 

And  in  the  kernils  here  and  there 

Of  arblat,tirs  grete  plcntie  were ; 

None  armourmighte  ther  stroke  withstonde, 

It  were  foly  to  prese  to  honde. 

Rom.  of  the  Rose,  4195. 

ARBOUSES.     The  dark  hard  cherry.  Mowell. 
ARBROT.     A  chemical  salt. 

Sal  arbrott  and  sal  alkelim, 
Salgenne  i-myngut  with  hym. 

MS.  Cantab.  Ff.  v.  48,  f.  94- 
ARBUSTED.     Filled  with  strawberry  trees. 
What  pleasures  poets  fame  of  after  death, 
In  the  EHzean  arbusted  groves. 

The  Cyprian,  Avademji,  !J647»  P'  5*. 
ARC.     A  mare's  tail  cloud,  or  cirrhus,  in  the 
form  of  a  streak  crossing  the  sky.  Herefordsh. 
See  Ark. 
ARCANE.     Secret. 

Have  I  been  disobedient  to  thy  words  ? 
Have  I  bewray'd  thy  arcane  secrecy  ?     Locrzne,  v.  5. 
ARCANETRYKK.  Arithmetic.    I  do  not  recol- 
lect having  met  with  this  form  of  the  word 
elsewhere. 


ARC  7 

Gemetrye  and  cncanrtr,  kJf, 
Retorykk  and  musykk. 

MS.  Cantab.  Ff.  ii.  38,  f.  127. 

ARCEL.    The  liverwort.     Skinner. 
ARCETER.    A  person  skilled  in  the  arts  and 
sciences.     "Arceter,  or  he  that  lernethe  or 
techethe  arte,  artist  a." — Prompt.  Parv.     The 
other  editions  read  arcetyr. 
TtRCETIK.     In  an  early  collection  of  medical 
recipes  in  MS.  in  the  library  of  Lincoln  Ca- 
thedral, f.  307,  is  one  "for  the  gout  arcetM." 
See  ArtetyJces. 
AkCH.   (1)  A  chief ;  a  master. 

The  noble  duke,  my  master, 
My  worthy  arch  and  patron,  comes  to-night. 

King  Lear,  ii.  1. 

(2)  A  piece  of  ground  left  unworked.   A  mining 

term, 

ARCHAL.    Liverwort.    Phillips. 
ARCHANGEL.    The  dead  nettle.    See  the  No- 
menclator,  p.  138 ;  Cooperi  Thesaurus,  in  v. 
Anonium.    The  word  occurs  in  the  Rom.  of 
the  Rose,  915,  apparently  meaning  some  kind 
of  bird,  the  original  French  being  mesange,  a 
titmouse. 
ARCHARDE.  An  acorn.  It  is  translated  by  $tos 

in  Prompt,  Parv.  p.  6. 

ARCHDEAN.    Apparently  put  for  archdeacon, 
in  a  passage  from  Gascoigne  quoted  by  Nares. 
ARCHDIACRE.    An  archdeacon.     (A.-N.) 
Where  archbishop  and  archdiacre 
Y-songin  full  out  the  servise, 
Aftir  the  custome  and  the  guise 
And  holie  churchis  oid\nauiice.Chancer'sD>'eame,2136. 
ARCHER.    The  bishop  at  chess  was  formerly 

so  called. 

ARCHET.    An  orchard.     Wilts. 
ARCHE WIVES.    Wives  of  a  superior  order. 
Ye  archewives,  stondeth  ay  at  defence, 
Sin  ye  be  strong  as  is  a  gret  camaille, 
Ne  sufireth  not  that  men  do  you  offence. 

Chaucer,  Cant.  T.  9071. 
ARCHICAL.    Chief;  principal. 

So  that  Parmenides  did  also  agree  in  this  acknow- 
ledgement of  a  Trinity  of  divine  or  archical  hypos- 
tases.  Cudworth's  Intel],  Si/stem,  p.  387. 

ARCHIDECLYNE.  The  master  ^of  the  feast  at 
the  marriage  in  Cana.  See  the  Towneley  Mys- 
teries, p.  207. 

Lyke  to  the  -watyr  of  drchideclyne, 
Wichc  be  meracle  were  turned  into  wyne. 

Lj/dgate's  Minor  Poems,  p.  13. 

ARCHIMASTRYE.    Chemistry. 

Maistryefull  merveylous  and  archimastiye 
Is  the  tincture  of  holi  Alkimy. 

Ashnwle'a  Thectt,  CJiem.Brit.  p.  33. 

ARCHITECT.    Architecture. 

To  finde  an  house  y-built  for  holy  deed, 
With  goodly  architect  and  cloisters  wide. 

Browne's  Brit,  Pastorals,  1625,  p.  96. 

ARCHITEMPLES.    Chief  temples. 

And  the  erchbischopricb.es  as  the  thre  (irchitemplas  were, 

As  y  t  were  of  alle  chef  Cristendora  to  lere. 

Rob.  Glouc*  p  74. 
ARCHMASTRIE.    Arithmetic. 

For  what  strangers  may  be  compared  with  M. 
Thomas  Digges  esquire,  our  countryman,  the  great 
master  of  archmastrie? 

Seamans  Secretst  1694. 


D  ARE' 

ARCUBALISTER.     An  alblastere,  q.  v. 

In  everie  of  them  he  set  first  archers  and  arciiha,- 
listprst  and  next  unto  them  pikes  and  speares,then 
bilmen  and  other  with  such  short  weapons;  last  of 
all,  another  multitude  with  all  kind  of  weapons,  as 
was  thought  most  expedient. 

Hohnsht'd,  Hint,  Scot.  p.  13(). 

ARD.  (1)  High.  Used  chiefly  in  composition 
in  the  names  of  places.  In  Cumberland,  ac- 
cording to  Boucher,  this  term  is  used  abstract- 
edly to  denote  the  quality  of  a  place,  a  country, 
or  a  field.  Thus  ard  land  means  a  dry,  parched 
soil.  In  the  canting  dictionaries,  the  word  is 
explained  hot. 
(2)  Hard. 

Lucye  the  senatour  in  thojt  was  he  sone, 
In  such  ard  cas  as  hym  vel,  wat  were  best  to  done. 
Rub.  Glouc.  p.  213. 

ARDANUD.    Hardened. 

And  fouly  defy  lid  than  for  synne, 

That  thei  were  than  ardanud  inne.  MS.  Digl>y  87, 

ARDEERE.    Harder. 

Ever  the  ardeere  that  it  is, 

Ever  the  beter  it  is  i-wys.  Ardueelogia,  xxx.388. 
ARDEN.  Fallow  quarter.  Cumb.  See  Arders, 

for  which  this  form  may  be  an  error. 
ARDENE.    A  command ;  an  ordinance. 

An  aungyl  fro  hefne  was  sent  ful  snel, 
His  name  is  clepyd  Gabriel, 
His  ardene  he  dede  ful  snel. 

Christmas  Carols,  p.  15. 

ARDENTNESSE.  Earnestness.  A  chapter  in 
MS  Bodl.  283,  is  entitled,  "  Of  foly  fervent- 
nesse  or  ardentnesse  to  do  welle." 

ARD  E  R.  A  kind  of  fish,  mentioned  by  Yerstegan, 
without  explanation,  in  a  letter  printed  in 
ElhYs  Literary  Letters,  p.  108. 

ARDERS.  Fallowings  or  ploughings  of  ground. 
This  is  the  explanation  in  the  Diet.  Rust.  1726, 
in  v.  See  also  Markham's  Countrey  Farme, 
1616,  p,  558.  Polwhele  gives  ardar  as 
Cornish  for  a  plough,  andardur,  a  ploughman. 

ARDI.     Hardy. 

Orped  thou  art  and  of  grete  might, 
Gode  knight  and  ardi  in  fight. 

Gy  of  Wanvtfce,  p.  37. 

ARDILICHE.    Hardily. 

He  smot  unto  a  Sarrazin, 

No  halp  him  nought  his  Apolin  ; 

Now  thai  smitte  togider  comonliche» 

And  fight  thai  agin  ardiliche.  Gy  of  Warioike,  p.  100. 
ARDURE.  Burning.  (4.-N.) 

Now  cometh  the  remedy  ayenst  lecherie,  and  that 
is  generally  chastitee  and  continence,  that  restrein- 
eth  all  disordinate  mevings  that  coraen  of  fleshly 
talents .  and  ever  the  greter  merite  shal  he  have  that 
most  restreineth  the  wicked  enchaufing  or  a?  dure  of 
this  sinne.  Persons*  Tale,  p.  108. 

ARE.  (1)  An  oar. 

His  maister  than  thai  fand 

A  bot  and  an  are.  Sir  Tristrem,  p.  153. 

Where  many  a  barge  doth  rowe  and  sayle  with  are, 
Where  many  a  ship  resteth  with  top  royall. 

Reliq.  dntiq,  i.  206. 

(2)  A  hare. 

Whyl  I  had  syht,  ther  myht  nevyr  man  fynde, 

My  pere  of  archerye  in  alle  this  werd  aboute ; 
For  zitt  schet  I  nevyr  at  hert,  are,  nerehynde, 
But  yf  that  he  deyd,  of  this  no  man  have  doute. 
Coventry  Myst&\6t>  p,  44. 


80 


ARE 


(3)  Before.    Cf.  Minot's  Poems,  p.  103. 
The  knighds  gadrid  togedir  thare, 

And  gan  with  crafte  there  counselle  take, 
Suche  a  knight  was  nevyr  are, 
But  it  were  Launcelot  du  Lake. 

MS.  Hart.  2252,  f.  90. 
Erly,  are  the  daye  gane  sprynge, 
He  did  a  pryste  his  messe  to  synge. 

MS>  Lincoln  A.  i.  17,  f-  99- 

(4)  To  plough.      Kersey  gives  this  as  a  pro- 
vincial form  of  the  word.     Cooper,  in  Ms  edi- 
tion of  Elyot,  1559,  has,   "  aro,  to  eare  or 
plowe  lande." 

(5)  An  heir.    See  Maundevile's  Travels,  p.  151. 

(6)  Honour ;  dignity.      See  Hartshorne's  Met. 
Tales,  p.  38  ;  Maitland's  Early  Printed  Books 
at  Lambeth,  p.  305  ;  Brit.  Bibl.  iv.  86. 

Dame,  he  seyde,  be  Goddys  are, 
Haste  any  money  thou  woldyst  ware  ? 

Ritson'*  Pop.  Poet.  p.  70. 

(7)  A  note  in  music,  sometimes  called  a-la-mire^ 
the  lowest  note  but  one  in  Guido's  scale.^  See 
Reliq.  Antq.  i.  83 ;  Tarn,  of  the  Shrew,  iii.  1. 

(8)  An  ear. 

She  began  somewhat  to  relent  and  to  geve  to  them 
no  deffe  are,  insomuche  that  she  fay thfully  promysed 
to  submyt  and  yelde  herselfe  fully  and  frankely  to 
the  kynges  wyll  and  pleasure.  Hall,  Richard  111,  f .24. 

(9)  Mercy. 

Lord,  seide  Abraham,  thin  art ! 
Shal  thou  thine  owne  so  forfare  ? 

Cursor  Mundi,  MS.  Colt.  Trin,  Cantab,  f.18. 
Swete  Ysoude,  thin  are, 

Thou  preye  the  kiug  for  me, 
Yif  it  thi  wille  ware, 

Of  sake  he  make  me  fre.  SirlWstremt  p.241. 
i  An  hour.    Lane. 
\  Former ;  previous. 

Goddes  werkkes  for  to  wyrke, 
To  serve  Gode  and  haly  kyrke, 
And  to  mende  hir  are  mysdede. 

MS.  Lincoln  A.  i.  17,  f.  112. 
AREADINESS.   Readiness.    Aready  occurs  in 
the  Exinoor  Scolding,  p.  4. 

Getting  therefore  his  bag  and  baggage  in  areadi- 

nesse,  he  was  going  out  of  Tunisfe ;  and  as  he  passed 

out  at  the  gates,  he  cast  his  eye  up  to  the  house 

where  Katherine  was.       Cobler  of  Canterburie,  1608. 

It  is  ordered  that  the  Lord  Chamburlayn  and  Vice- 

Chamberlayn    shall  put   themselfes   in   semblable 

aredinesse,  and  they  to  appoynte  all  maner  officers 

for  the  chambre,  makyng  a  boke  of  the  names  of 

theym  and  every  of  theym.      Archasvlogia,  xxi  178. 

AREAR,   Upright.    Kent.   Kennett,  MS.  Lansd. 

1033,  gives  the  example,  "  to  stand  arear,  to 

stand  upright." 

AREAUT.    Out  of  doors.    North. 

It  will  bring  as  good  blendings,  I  dare  say, 
As  ever  grew  areattt  in  onny  clay. 

Yorkshire  Dialogue,  p.  41. 
ARECHE.  (1)  To  explain.  (4.-S.) 
Crist  and  seint  Stevene, 

Quoth  Horn,  areche  thy  swcvene.    Kyng  Horn,  668. 
(2)  To  attain ;  to  reach. 

For  ofte  schalle  a  womman  have 
Thynge  whiche  a  man  may  noujt  areche. 

Gower,  MS.  Soc.  ^ntiq.  134,  f.  59. 
jef  me  nul  him  forther  teche, 
Thenne  is  herte  wol  areche 

For  te  lerne  more,  ReKq.  4ntig,  i,  110. 


Al  that  hys  ax  areche  myght, 

Hors  and  man  he  slowgh  doun-ryght. 

Richard  Cuer  de  Lion,  7037, 

(3)  To  utter ;  to  declare. 

Butassoneas  Beryn  had  pleyn  knowleche 
That  his  eyen  were  y-los*-.  unneth  he  myght  arerfie 
O  word  for  pure  anguysh.      History  of  Beryn,  2999. 
AREBE.  (1)  To  explain ;  to  interpret.    (d.-S.} 
Of  whiche  no  man  ne  couthe  weden 
The  nombre,  bot  thehevene  Kyng 
That  woot  the  sothe  of  al  thing. 

Kyng  Alisaunder,  5115. 
I  trowe  arede  my  dreames  even, 
Lo  thus  it  was,  this  was  my  sweven. 

The  Sevyn  Sages,  1154,  (quoted  in  Boucher.) 
(2)  To  give  counsel  to. 

Therefore  to  me,  my  trusty  friend,  arede 
Thy  counsel :  two  is  better  than  one  head. 

Mother  Kubberd's  Tale,  p.  5, 
AREDILI.   Easily;  readily. 

Alle  the  clerkes  under  God  couthe  noujtdescrive 
Are&ili  to  the  ri5tes  the  realte"  of  that  day. 

Will,  and  the  Werwolf,  p.  380. 
A-HEDY.  Beady. 

That  in  eche  lond  a-redy  is 
Whyder  so  eny  man  wende.  MS, Coll.  Trin>0xon.  57. 
ARE  ED.    Counsel ;  advice. 

Now  must  your  honor  leave  these  mourning  tunes, 
And  thus,  by  my  aresd,  you  shall  provide. 

Downfall  of  Robert,  E.  of  Huntingdon,  i.  I. 

AREGES.    A  herb.    It  is  an  ingredient  in  a  re- 
cipe in  an  old  medical  MS .  at  Lincoln,  f.  286. 
AREIGHT.    Struck. 

Otuel,  for  wrath,  anon 
Areight  him  on  the  cheek-bone. 

Ellin's  Met.  Rom.  ii.  338. 

AREIT.    Judged? 

Whether  for  to  willen  here  prosperity 
Schulde  ben  areit  as  synne  and  felonie. 

Eoetius,  MS.  Soc.  Antiq.  134,  f.288. 

ARE-LUMES.    Heir-looms.    North.     See  the 

Glossarium  Northanhymbricum,  in  v. 
ARELY.    Early;  soon. 

The  erle,  als  arely  als  it  was  daye, 
Toke  hys  leve  and  wente  his  waye. 

MS.  Lincoln.  A.  i.  17,  f.  117. 
AREN.  Are,  This  plural  is  often  met  with  in  old 
writers,  and  is  still  used  in  the  North  country 
dialects.    It  is  the  regular  grammatical  form. 
See  Qu.  Rev.  Iv.  374.    Sometimes  arene,  as  in 
Appendix  to  W.  Mapes,  p.  347. 
ARENDE.    An  errand  j  a  message.  (4.-S.)   See 
Troilus  and  Creseide,  ii.  72;  Manners   and 
Household  Expences  of  England,  p.  154. 
For  5ystyrday  deyde  my  nobyl  stede, 
On,  5oure  arende  as  I  jede.  Rsliq.  Antiq.  ii.  101. 

ARENGE.    In  a  series.     It  is  translated  by 
seriatim  in  Prompt.  Parv.  p.  14. 
And  ladde  him  and  his  monekes 

Into  a  wel  fair  halle, 
And  sette  hem  adoun  arenTc, 

And  wosche  here  fet  alle.     St.  Erandan,  p.  iSf, 
ARENYNG.     See  AtTimyng. 

Wethankyng  God  of  the  good  and  gracios  arenyng 
of  yowre  croune  of  Fraunce. 

Lydgattfn  Minor  Poems,  p.  4* 

ARERAGE.  Arrear.  (A.-N.)  CoweU  says,  "  it 
signifieth  the  remain  of  an  account,  or  a  sum 
of  money  remaining  in  the  hands  of  an  account- 
ant.*1 See  also  Barefs  Alvearie,  in  v. 


ARE 

I  trowe  raony  in  arerages  vrol  falle, 
And  to  perpetuel  prisoun  gonge. 


81 


ARE 


ARERE.  (1)  To  raise.  See  Wright's  Political 
Songs,  p.  342 ;  Coventry  Mysteries,  pp.  132, 
215,  240  ;  Octovian  Imperator,  21 ;  Maunde- 
vile's  Travels,  p.  38 ;  Holinshed,  Hist.  Eng. 
pp.  112, 129.  (A.-S.) 

Ther  schule  the  sautlen  beo  to-drawe, 
That  her  arereden  unryhte  lawe. 

MS.  Coll.  Jes.  Oxon.  29. 
A  prince  of  the  londis  wide, 
Shalle  barret  arere  for  her  pride. 

MS.  Cantab.  Ff.  v.  48,  f.  75. 

(2)  To  rear,  as  a  horse. 

Wan  any  of  hem  that  hors  cam  nej, 
A  caste  behynde  and  arered  an  hej. 

MS.  Ashvnole  33,  f.  49. 

3)    A  term  in  hare-hunting,  used  when   the 
%  hounds werelet loose.  (^.-JV.)Cf.MS.Bodl.546. 
That  all  maye  hyra  here,  he  shall  saye  arere. 

Book  of  St.  Allans,  ed.  1810,  sig.  D.iii. 

(4)  Backwards ;  behind.     See  Spenser's  Faerie 
Queene,  III.  vii.  24 ;  Piers  Ploughman,  p.  181 ; 
Scott,  glossary  to  Sir  Tristrem,  explains  it  or 
ere,  before.     (A.-N.} 

My  blaspheming  now  have  I  bought  ful  dere, 
All  yerthly  joie  and  mirthe  I  set  arere. 

Testament  of  Creseide,  355. 
Now  plucke  up  your  hertes,  and  make  good  chere; 

These  tydynges  lyketh  me  wonder  wele. 
Now  vertu  shall  drawe  arere,  arere  ; 

Herke,  felous,  a  good  sporte  I  can  you  tell. 

Hycke  Scorner,  ap.  Hawkins,  L  90. 

(5)  To  retreat. 

He  schunt  for  the  scharp,  and  schulde  haf  arered. 

Syr  Gawayne,  p.  70. 
ARESEDE.    Tottered.  (A<-S.} 

Though  the  mouht  thefom  was  wight, 
The  tusches  in  the  tre  he  smit ; 
The  tre  aresede  as  hit  wold  falle, 
The  herd  was  sori  adrad  withalle, 
And  gan  sone  on  knes  to  falle. 

Sevyn  Sages,  915. 

ARE  SON.  To  question,  interrogate,  examine. 
(A.-N.)  See  Hardyng's  Chronicle,  f.  189 ; 
Rom.  of  the  Rose,  6220 ;  LangfafVs  Chronicle, 
p.  314;  SeyntKaterine,  p.  181;  Ywaine  and 
Gawin,  1094 ;  Maundevile's  Travels,  p.  131 ; 
Piers  Ploughman,  p.  241. 

Of  that  morther  and  that  tresoun, 
He  dud  that  traitour  to  aresoun. 

Cursor  Mundi,  MS.  Coll.  Trin.  Cantab,  f.  7- 
Themperour  cleped  Herhaud  him  to, 
And  aresound  him  tuene  hem  tuo. 

Gy  of  WarwiTte,  p.  158. 

ARE  ST.  (1)  Arrest ;  constraint.    (A.-N.} 
They  live  but  as  a  bird  or  as  a  beste, 
In  libertee  and  under  non  areste. 

Chaucer,  Cant.  T.  9158. 

(2)  Delay.     (A.-N.} 

Alas,  than  comith  a  wilde  lionesse 
Out  of  the  wode,  withoutin  more  arest, 

Thisbe  of  Babylon,  101. 

(3)  To  stop.  (A-N.} 

And  ther  our  hoste  began  his  hors  arest, 
And  saide,  lordes,  herkeneth  if  you  lest. 

Chaucer,  Cant.  T.  829, 

(4)  Relates*, 


Palmer,  ryghtly  thou  arest 

All  the  maner. 
Darst  thou  ryde  upon  thys  beet 

To  the  ryvere, 
And  water  hym  that  thou  ne  falle  > 

Octovian  Imp&-ators  14  25. 

(5)   Rancid.     Prompt.  Parv. 
ARESTENESSE.    Rancidity,  applied  to  meat. 
See  Prompt.  Parv.  p.  14.     Rancid  bacon  is 
called  reesfy  in  the  provinces. 
ARESTOGIE.  A  kind  of  herh  ?  See  the  Archa;- 

ologia,  xxx.  404. 

ARETHEDE.     Honour.   (A.-S.) 
Whare  folkes  sittis  in  fere, 
Thare  solde  mene  herkene  and  here 
Of  beryns  that  byfore  were, 
That  lyflfed  in  arettiede. 

Sit'  Degrevant,  Lincoln  MS. 

ARETTE.  (1)  To  impute,  adjudge,  reckon.^.-A7;) 
See  Apology  for  the  Lollards,  pp.  26,  85,  104; 
Chaucer,  Cant.  T.  728  ;  Persones  Tale,  p.  63  ; 
Morte  d'Arthur,  p.  ii  ;  PhHpot's  Works,  p.  350  ; 
Wickliffe's  New  Test.  Phil? 

The  victorye  es  nojte  wetted  to  thame  that  fliez, 

bot  to  thame  that  habydez  orfolowes  on  the  chace. 

MS.  Lincoln.  A.  i.  17,  f.  15. 

(2)  Hence,  to  value,  to  esteem.  "  We  arretiden 
not  him,"  old  MS.  translation  of  Isaiah,  liii. 
quoted  in  MS.  Rawl.  C.  155,  from  a  copy  at 
Cambridge.  According  to  Cowell,  a  person  is 
arretted,  "  that  is  covenanted  "before  a  judge, 
and  charged  with  a  crime."  See  his  Inter- 
preter, 1658.  Rider  translates  it  by  ad  rectum 
vocatus.  The  verh  arret  is  used  hy  Spenser 
in  the  sense  to  decree,  to  appoint, 
AREVANT.  Back  again. 

The  meyn  shalle  ye  nebylle, 
And  I  shalle  syng  the  trebille, 
4revant  the  deville, 

Tille  alle  this  hole  rowte. 

Townetey  Myst  eriet,  p.  3J9. 
AREVYD.    Ajrrived. 

They  arevyd  at  the  see  etronde. 

MS.  Cantab.  Ff.  ii.  38,  f.  98. 
A-REW.  In  a  row.  See  Spenser's  Faerie  Queene, 
V.  xii.  29  ;  Reliq.  Antiq.  i.  295  ;  Rob.Glouc.  p. 
338  ;  Prompt.  Parv.  p.  14. 

Firste  that  myn  ordre  longeth  too, 
The  vicis  for  to  telle  a-rewe. 

Gower,  MS.  Soc.  Antiq,  134,  f.  3& 

AREWE,  (1)  To  pity. 

Jhesu  Christ  arew  hem  sore, 

Ant  seidehe  wolde  vacche  hem  thore. 

Harrowing  of  Hell,  p   15. 

(2)   To  make  to  repent  ;  to  grieve. 

The  Crystyn  party  become  so  than, 
That  the  fylde  they  myjt  not  wynnej 
Allearercydhyt,  kynge  and  knyght. 

MS.  Cantab.  Ff,  ii.  38,  f.  91 
The  furste  artycul  of  thys  gemetry  :  — 
The  mayster  mason  moste  be  ful  securly 
Bothe  stedefast,  trusty,  and  trwe, 
Hyt  shal  hym  never  theime  arewe. 

Const.  ofMagonrpt  p.  13 

AREWEN.    AITOWS.  (A.-S.) 

Tweye  bugle-hornes,  and  a  bowe  also, 
And  fyve  arewtn  ek  therto. 


ARE  WES.    Arrows. 


ARG 


82 


Me  bar  a  bo  we  in  his  hand, 
And  manye  brode  arewes. 

Piers  Ploughman,  p.  432. 

\REYNED,    Arrested.   (A.-N.) 

A  man  they  inette  and  hym  areyned., 
To  bere  the  Crosthey  hymconstreynert. 

MS.  Karl.  1701,  f.  88. 

AREYTHB.     Aright. 

Anon  to  hem  sche  made  complaynt, 
And  tolde  hem  all  areythe. 

Frere  and  the  Soy,  st.  xxix, 

ARFE.    Afraid;  backward;  reluctant.    North. 
Sometimes  arfiaA,  in  the  same  sense. 
Whaugh,  mother,  how  she  rowts  !  Ise  varra  arfe, 
Shee'l  put  and  rive  my  good  prunella  scaife. 

Yorkshire  Dialogue,  p.  35. 

ARG.  (1)   To,  argue.     West. 
(2)  To  grumble.    Sussex. 
ARGABUSHE.    A  harquebuss,  an  old  fashioned 
kind  of  musket. 

Then  pushed  souldiers  with  their  pikes, 

And  halberdes  with  handy  strokes  ; 
The  argabwhe  in  fleshe  it  lightes, 

And  duns  the  ayre  with  misty  smokes. 

Percy's  Reliqves,  p.  101 . 

ARGAL.  (1)  According  to  Kersey,  "  hard  lees 
sticking  to  the  sides  of  wine  vessels,  and  other- 
wise called  tartar."  See  Argoil 
(2)  Ergo.  See  Hamlet,  v.  1.  This  is  merely  the 
grave-digger's  vulgar  corruption  of  the  Latin 
word.  Argo  is  found  in  a  similar  manner  in 
Middleton's  Works,  1 392  ;  Sir  Thomas  More, 
p.  24. 

ARGEMONE.    The  wild  tansy.    Minsheu. 
ARGENTILL.    The  herb  percepiere.     Gerard. 
ARGENTINA.    The  wild  tansy. 

Argentina,  wild  tansy,  growest  the  most  in  the 
fallowes  in  Coteswold  and  North-Wilts  adjoynin??, 
that  I  ever  saw.  Aubrey's  Wilts,  MS.Soc.  Reg.  p.  318. 
ARGENTINE.     Silver.    Minsheu  gives  argent, 
a  substantive  in  the  same  sense. 
Celestial  Dian,  goddess  argentine, 
I  will  obey  thee !— Helicanus !       Pericles,  v.  2. 
ARGENT- VIVE.   Quicksilver. 

The  manner  of  our  work ;  the  bulls,  our  furnace, 
Still  breathing  fire;  our  argent-vive,  the  dragon. 

The  Alchemist,  ii.  1. 

ARGHEDE.    Astonished.    (A.-S.) 
That  arghede  alle  that  ther  ware, 
Bothe  the  lesse  and  the  mare.       Sir  Perceval,  69, 
ARGHNES.    Sluggishness;  indolence. 

The  proverb  is,  the  doumb  man  no  land  getith ; 
Who  so  nat  spekith,  and  with  neede  is  bete, 
And  thurgh  arghnesse  his  owae  self  forgetith, 
No  wondir  thogh  anothir  him  forgete. 

Hoccleve's  Poems,  p.  56, 
Argnesse  also  me  thynkth  ys  hard, 
Fore  hit  raaketh  a  man  a  coward. 

JtfS.  Bodt.  48,  f.  137. 

ARGIER.    Algiers. 

Pro.  Thou  hast :  Where  was  she  born  ?  speak  j  tell  me, 
Ari.  Sir,  in  Argier.  The  Tempest,  i.  2. 

ARGIN.    An  embankment ;  a  rampart.    (Ital} 

It  must  have  high  argins  and  cover'd  ways, 
To  keep  the  bulwark  fronts  from  battery. 

JHarlowf*  Works,  i.  128. 

ARGOIL.    Chaucer,  Cant.T.  16281,  says  the 
alchemist  used,  among  other  things, 

Cley  made  with  hors  and  mannes  here,  and  oik 
Of  tartre,  alum,  gJas,  berme,  wort,  and  argotta 


ABO 

Tyrwhitt  explains  argoile,  potter's  clay,  as  the 
French  argille;  Palsgrave,  f.  18,  has,  "argile, 
a  kynde  of  erthe,  argille,"  out  Skinner  explains 
it,  "  alcali  sen  sal  kali."  Ben  Jonson,  Al- 
chemist, i.  1,  mentions,  "  arsenic,  vitriol,  sal- 
tartar,  argaile,  alkali,  cinoper,"  as  the  stock  of 
an  alchemist;  and  in  a  MS.  of  the  fifteenth 
century  penes  me  is  a  receipt  "to  make  water 
argoile^  that  ys,  aqua  tartary"  in  which  in- 
stances it  seems  to  mean  the  tartar,  or  lees  of 
wine,  as  before  in  argal,  \.  v.  This  also  is 
clearly  the  meaning  of  argul  in  a  very  early  re- 
ceipt inMS.  Harl.  2253,  printed  in  the  Archaeo- 
logical Journal,  i.  65,  "  tac  argul,  a  thing  that 
deyares  deyet  with,  ant  grint  hit  smal,  ant 
seththe  tac  a  wollene  clout,  ant  couch e  thi 
poudre  theron  as  brod  as  hit  wol."  Argul,  or 
argal,  is  the  name  of  the  impure  salt  deposited 
from  wine ;  and  when  purified,  is  called  bitar- 
trate  of  potash,  or  cream  of  tartar,  a  material 
still  used  in  dyeing.  Argol  is  mentioned  in  a 
list  of  chemical  metals  in  Gallathea,  1632. 
ARGOLET.  A  light  horseman.  A  body  of  them 
were  called  argoletiers.  See  Florio,  in  v. 
Guidone. 

Pisano,  take  a  cornet  of  our  horse, 
As  many  argdets  and  armed  pikes, 
And  with  our  carriage  march  away  before 
By  Scyras,  and  those  plots  of  ground 
That  to  Moroecus  leads  the  lower  way. 

Peele's  Worlcs,  ii.  f)5. 

The  which  argaletier  shall  stand  you  iu  as  great 
stead  as  horses  of  better  account. 

An-heeologia,  xiii.  184. 

ARGOLOGY.    Idle  speaking.     Cockeram. 

ARGOS.  The  small  false  toes  at  the  back  of  the 
foot,  applied  to  the  boar,  buck,  and  doe. 

There  is  no  deer  so  jong  jif  he  be  abroket  upward 
that  his  talon  is  more  large  and  beter  and  more  gret 
argos  then  hath  an  hyncie,  and  corauneliche  longere 
.traces.  Maystre  of  the  Game,  MS. 

ARGOSIES.    Ships  of  great  burthen,  either  for 
merchandize  or  war.    See  Merchant  of  Venice, 
i.  1 ;  Douce's  Illustrations,  i.  248.    Grose  says 
the  word  is  used  in  the  North. 
ARGOT.    A  corruption  of  argent,  silver. 
Good  sweet-fac'd  serving  man, 
Let  me  out,  I  beseech  de,  and,  by  my  trot, 
I  will  give  dy  worship  two  shillings  in  good  argot 
To  buy  dy  warship  pippins. 

Beaumont  and  Fletcher,  iii.  169. 
ARGUFY.    To  argue.     Var.  dial     I  believe  I 
have  heard  the  word  used  in  the  sense  of  to 
signify. 

ARGUMENT.  (1)  Conversation.  So  Shakespeare 
seems  to  apply  the  word  in  Much  Ado  about 
Nothing,  iii.  1. 

(2)  To  argue. 

Thus  argumentid  he  in  his  ginning, 
Ful  unavisid  of  his  wo  comming. 

Tffdlua  and  Creseido,  i.  378* 
But  jit  they  argumenten  faste 
Upon  the  pope  and  his  astate, 
Whereof  they  falle  in  gret  debate. 

Gmver,  MS.  Soc.  4nt1q.  134,  f.  33. 

(3)  A  given  arch,  whereby  another  is  determined 
proportional  to  the  first. 


A1U 

As  ben  his  centres,  and  his  argumentes, 
And  his  proportional  eonvenientes. 

Chaucer,  Cant.  T.  11589. 

ARGY.   An  argument.  Salop.  Rather,  perhaps, 
assertion  in  dispute,  according  to  Brockett, 
who  says,  "the  term  is  generally  applied  to  a 
person  who  is  not  only  contentious,  hut  perti- 
nacious in  managing  an  argument." 
ARICHES.    The  ends  of  joists.    HoweU. 
ARID.    Upright  ? 

Swa  he  met  the  arid  and  te  ferd, 
That  bathe  thay  fel  ded  to  the  herd. 

Guy  of  Warwick,  Miadlehill  MS. 

ARIEREBAN.    A  general  summons  from  the 
king  to  all  his  vassals  to  appear  in  arms.  S&inner. 
ARIET.    Harriet.    North. 
ARIETE.   Aries,  one  of  the  signs  in  the  zodiac. 
See  Troilus  and  Creseide,  iv.  1592,  v.  1189 ; 
Lydgate's  Minor  Poems,  p.  243.    It  occurs 
also  as  a  Latin  word. 

Or  that  Phebus  entre  in  the  signe 
With  his  carecte  of  the  ariete. 

Lydgate,  MS.  Soc.  Antiq.  134,  f.  8. 
But  modirworth  moste  gaderyd  be 
"Whyll  the  sonne  is  in  ariete. 

Archceologia,  xxx.  372. 

ARIGHT.  (1)  Performed ;  made  ? 

Such  gestenyng  he  aright, 
That  there  he  dwellid  alle  nyjt 
With  that  lady  gent. 

Torrent  of  Portugal,  p.  58- 
And  found  a  purs  fulle  riche  arighte 
With  gold  and  perils  that  was  i-bente. 

MS.  Harl.  2252,  f,  101. 

(2)  Pulled? 

On  a  day  she  bad  him  here  pappe, 

And  he  arifhte  here  soo, 

He  tare  the  oon  side  of  here  hrest. 

Syr  Gowghter,  129. 

ARINDRAGA.    A  messenger.    Versteaan. 
ARIPE.    A  kind  of  bird. 

He  chasid  aripes,  briddes  of  Archadle. 

MS.  IHgbrj,  230. 

ARIST.  Arises.  See  Hartshorne's  Met.  Tales, 
p.  105  ;  Kyng  AJisaunder,  5458 ;  Gower,  ed. 
1532,  f.  70. 

The  world  arist,  and  falleth  withalle. 

Gowert  MS.  Soc.  Antiq.  134,  f.  34. 
Foules  in  wode  hern  make  blithe, 
In  everich  lond  arist  song. 

Arthour  and  Merlin,  p.  274. 
ARISTIPPUS.    A  kind  of  wine. 
O  for  a  bowl  of  fat  canary, 
Rich  Aristippus,  sparkling  sherry  ! 
Some  nectar  else  from  Juno's  dairy ; 
O  these  draughts  would  make  us  merry  J 

Middleton's  WorTfs,  ii.  422. 

ARISTOLOCH.  The  plant  called  round  hartwort. 

See  Topsell's  Historic  of  Four-footed  Beasts, 

1607,  p.  345. 
ARITE.    An  arrest.  S&i?mer.   The  word  occurs 

in  Troilus  and  Creseide,  iv.  1592,  for  Aries. 

See  Ariete. 
ARITHMANCIE.    A  kind  of  divination,  the 

foretelling  of  future  events  hy  numbers.    See 

Harrison's  Description  of  Britaine,  p.  28. 
ARIVAG-E.    Shore;  landing  place.    (A.-N.} 
There  sawe  I  how  the  tempest  stente, 
And  how  with  alle  pine  he  went, 


ARM 

And  privilie  toke  arivags 
Into  the  countrie  of  Carthage. 

Home  of  Famf, 
ARIVAILE.    Arrival.    (A.-N.) 

Tho  sawe  I  all  the  artvaile 
That  jEneas  made  in  Itaile. 


4    „ 

ARIVED.  Riven;  split  asunder. 
Well  evill  mote  thei  thrive, 
And  evill  arived  mote  thei  be. 

Rom.  of  the  Rose,  1068. 
ARIZINGE.    Resurrection. 

Ich  y-leve  ine  the  Holy  Cost,  holy  cherche  gene- 
ralliche,  mennesse  of  haljen,  lesnesse  of  zennes,  of 
ulesse  arizinge,  and  lyf  evrelestinde. 


ARK.    (1)  A  chest.    In  the  North  of  England, 
the  large  chests  in  farm  houses  used  for  keep- 
ing meat  or  flour  are  so  called.    They  are 
usually  made  of  oak,  and  are  sometimes  elabo- 
rately carved.    From  the  name  Arkwright,  it 
would  seem  that  the  construction  of  them 
formerly  constituted  a  separate  trade. 
And  trusse  al  that  he  mithen  fynde 
Of  hise,  in  arfce  or  in  kiste.         Havelok,  2018. 

(2)  Clouds  running  into  two  points,  thus  O- 
Essex. 

(3)  A  part  of  the  circumference  of  a  circle.  (Lai.) 

The  ark  of  his  artificial  day  had  ronne 
The  f  ourthe  part,  and  half  an  houre  and  more. 
Chaucer,  Cant.  T.  4422. 

(4)  An  arch. 

It  were  the  part  of  an  idle  orator  to  describe  the 
pageants,  thearkes,  and  other  well  devised  honoures 
done  unto  her.  Hayward's  Annals  of  Qu.  Eliz.  p.  r ' 


.        . 

.  Money  paid  to  hind  a  bargain.  Dr. 
Jamieson  says,  "  an  earnest,  of  whatever  kind; 
a  pledge  of  full  possession/'  Kersey  gives  arles- 
penny,  a  North  country  word  for  "earnest- 
money  given  to  servants."  It  is  sometimes  the 
custom  to  give  a  trifle  to  servants  when  they 
were  hired,  as  a  kind  of  retainer.  See  an  in- 
stance in  Dr.  Dee's  Diary,  p.  11,  According 
to  Pegge,  to  ark  a  bargain  is  to  close  it.  See 
also  Hunter's  Hallamshire  Glossary,  p.  104; 
Skinner,  part  3,  in  v. 

ARLICHE.    Early.    See  the  Sevyn  Sages,  204; 
Legend  of  Pope  Gregory,  p.  13.    (4.-S.) 
Gode  tidinges  y  telle  the, 
That  theraperour  sikerlrche 
Wille  huntte  to-morwe  artiche, 
In  his  forest  priveliche.      Gy  ofWartvike,  p.  87. 
ARLING.    "  An  arling,  a  byrde  that  appeareth 
not  in  whiter,  a  clotbyrde,  a  smatch,  cesmleo." 
Barefs  Alvearie,  1580.     See  also  Muffett's 
Health's  Improvement,  1655,  p.  100  ;  Florio, 
in  v.  Frusone. 
ARLOUP.   The  middle  deck  of  a  ship  ;  the  orlop. 

So  Cotgrave  has  the  word,  in  v.  Tillac. 
ARLY.    Early.    East.  (4.-S.) 

And  noght  over  arty  to  mete  at  gang, 
Ne  for  to  sit  tharat  over  lang. 

MS.  Cott.  Galba  E.  ix,  f,  65. 
Ich  wil  that  ow  to-morwen  arly 
Mi  douhter  at  the  chirche  spousy. 

Gy  of  Warwike,  p.  *#>. 

ARM.    (1)  To  take  up  in  the  arms.   So  Shake- 
speare uses  the  word  in  Cymheline,  iv.  2. 


ABM 


84 


ARM 


'2)  Harm. 

So  fally  cm  the,  sire  emperour, 
Swicharm,  and  schame,  and  desonour, 
Yif  thou  do  thi  sone  unright, 
Als  to  the  greihound  dede  the  knight. 

Sevyn  Sages,  852. 

(3)  In  a  receipt  for  a  dish  in  "Warner's  Antiq. 
Colin,  p.  26,  it  is  directed  that  "  cranes  and 
herons  shal  be  armed  with  lardes  of  swyne." 
In  this  place  the  word  means  larded  with  bacon 
fat,  and  roasted  birds  when  larded  certainly 
may  be  said  to  be  formidably  armed. 

(4)  Defence;  security? 

Now  Icvkith  ye,  for  I  wol  have  no  wite 

To  bring  in  prese,  that  might  y-don  him  harme, 

Or  him  disesin,  for  my  bettir  artne. 

Troilw  and  Cweide,  ii.  1650. 
ARMAN.    A  kind  of  confection,  given  to  horses 

to  create  an  appetite.    Diet.  Rust. 
ARMESIN-TAFFBTA.    A  kind  of  taffata,  men- 
tioned by  Ho-well  in  his  25th  section. 
ARMETT.    A  hermit. 

And  this  armett  soyn  can  hym  frayn 
How  he  had  sped  of  hys  gatt. 

MS.  Seld.  Arch.  B.  52. 

ARMFUL.  An  armful  of  hay,  according  to 
Howell,  is  as  much  as  can  be  taken  in  the  two 
hands  together. 

ARM-GAUNT.  Lean;  thin;  very  lean.  So  the 
first  two  folios  read,  but  the  correctness  of  it 
has  been  much  disputed.  Mason  suggests 
termagaunt,  a  conjecture  supported  by  Toone; 
b  ut  there  is  no  necessity  for  alteration.  Shake- 
speare uses  arm-gaunt,  as  thin  as  an  armj(in  the 
same  way  that  Chaucer  writes  arm-gretj  q.  T. 

So  he  nodded, 
And  soberly  did  mount  an  arm-gaunt  steed. 

Awtony  and  Cleopatra,  i.  5. 
ARM-GRET.    As  thick  as  a  man's  arm. 
A  wreth  of  gold  am-gwt,  of  huge  weight, 
Upon  his  bed  sate  ful  of  stones  bright. 

Chaucer,  Cant.  T.  2147- 

ARMIGERO.      An  esquire.     (Lot.)     See  the 
commencement    of    the    Merry   Wives    of 
Windsor,  i.  1.    Tesfe — armigero. 
ARMINE.    A  beggar.     (JDitf.) 

Luce.     O  here  God,  so  young  an  armine  .' 
Flow.    At  mine,  sweetheart,  I  know  not  what  you 
mean  by  that,  but  I  am  almost  a  beggar. 

The  London  Prodigal,  p.  122. 

ARMING.  (1)  A  coat  of  arms. 

When  the  Lord  Bearaont,  who  their  armings  knew, 
Their  present  perill  to  bra^e  Suffolke  shewes. 

Drayton's  Poems,  p.  63. 

(2)  A  net  hung  about  a~ship's "hull,  to  protect 
the  men  from  an  enemy  in  a  fight.  SeeHuloet's 
Abcedarium,  1552. 

ARMING-GIRDLE.  A  kind  of  sword  girdle.  Cf. 
Nomenclator,  1585,  p.  171;  Florio,  in  v. 
Balteo ;  Cotgrave,  in  v,  Ceincture,  Balthee. 
Florio,  in  v.  Sellone,  mentions  an  arming-sad- 
dle, and  there  are  also  other  similar  com- 
pounds. See  Strutt,  ii,  229. 

ARMING-POINTS.  Short  ends  of  strong  twine, 
with  points  like  laces :  they  were  fixed  princi- 
pally under  the  armpits  and  ben  dings  of  the 
arms  and  knees,  to  fasten  the  gussets  of  mail 


which  defended  those  pails  of  the  body  other, 
wise  exposed.     Meyric'k. 

ARMING-SWORD.    A  two-handed  sivord.  See 
the  Nomenclator,  p.  275  ;  Arch.  xii.  351. 

Some  had  their  arrnmge  sweardes  freshly  bur- 
nished, and  some  had  them  conningly  vernyshed. 

Hall,  Hen.  IF.  f.  12. 

A  he-lmett  of  proofe  shee  strait  did  provide, 
A  strong  armingK-stvoi  <i  shee  girt  by  her  side, 
On  her  hand  a  goodly  faire  gavratlett  put  shee ; 
Was  not  this  a  brave  bonny  lass,  Mary  Ambree  ? 
Percy's  Reliques,  p.  144.  • 

ARMIPOTENT.    Mighty  in  arms.    (Lat.) 
And  dounward  from  an  hill  under  a  bent, 
Thcr  stood  the  temple  of  Mars  armipotent, 
Wrought  all  of  burned  stele,  of  which  the  entree 
Was  longe  and  streite,  and  gastly  for  to  see. 

Chaucer,  Cant.  T.  1084. 

ARMITE.    A  helmet.  (A.-N.)  Palsgrave  (f.  18) 
says  that  armet  is  "  a  heed  pese  of  harnesse." 

On  the  iiij  corners  of  the  waggon  were  iiij.  hed 
peces  called  armites,  every  pece  beyng  of  a  sundery 
device.  Hall,  Henry  VIII.  f.  70. 

ARMIES.     Without  an  arm.    (A.-S.} 
And  on  a  wall  this  king  his  eyen  cast, 
And  saw  an  hand  armies,  that  wrote  ful  fast, 
For  fere  of  whlche  he  quoke,  and  siked  sore. 

Chaucer,  Cant.  T.  14209. 

ARMLET.    A  bracelet ;  a  piece  of  armour  for 
the  arm. 

Not  that  in  colour  it  was  like  thy  hair, 
Armlets  of  that  thou  mayst  still  let  me  wear. 

Vonnv'it  JStegiesi  xii. 
ARMONY.  (1)  Harmony. 

And  musik  had,  voyde  of  alle  discord, 
Boece  her  clerk,  withe  hevenly  dmiony, 
And  instrumentes  alle  of  oon  accorde. 

Lydgata's  Minor  JPoenw,  p.  11- 

(2)  Armenia. 

Shewe  me  tho  ryght  path 

To  the  hylles  of  Armony.      Skeltorfs  Works,  i.  58. 

ARMORIKE.     Basse  Bretagne  in  France,  an- 
ciently  called  Britannia  Armorica. 
In  ArmwiJce,  that  called  is  Bretaigne, 
Ther  was  a  knight,  that  loved  and  did  his  pelne 
To  serve  a  ladie  in  his  beste  wise, 

Chaucer,  Cant.  T.  1104L 
ARMORWE.    The  morrow. 

An  armortoe  erliche 

Themperour  aros  sikerliche.  Cy  of  W&ywtiw*  ^.iil. 
ARMS.    The  arms  of  a  hawk  are  the  legs  from 
the  thigh  to  the  foot.     See  the  Laws  of  the 
Forest  and  Game,  1709,  p.  40. 
ARMURE.    Armour.    (A.-N.}     See  Melibeus, 
p.  114  ;  Lydgate's  Minor  Poems,  p.  260.     In 
the  latter  instance,  the  form  of  the  word  is 
armwrys. 
ARM  YE.    A  naval  armament. 

Whiche  I  thought  not  eonvertyent,  conjecturing 
that  with  those  streynable  wyndcs,  the  rest  of 
tharmye  comyng  out  of  Thames,  and  also  the  Henry, 
with  the  Mary  Roose,  sholde  be  in  tho  Downes. 

State  Papers,  1. 191. 
ARMYLL.    A  hracelet ;  a  necklace.    (Lot.) 

The  king  thus  gird  with  his  swerd,  and  standing, 
shall  take  wmyll  of  the  Cardinall,  saying  thise  words, 
accipe  wmillam,  and  it  is  to  wete  that  armyll  is  made 
in  maner  of  a  stole  wovyn  with  gold  and  set  with 
stones,  to  be  putt  by  the  Cardinail  aboute  the  Kinge* 
necke.  -  Rutland  Paper*  p.  «*• 


ABN 


85 


ARO 


ARMYN.  Ermine.  "  Blacke  speckes  lyke 
armyns"  are  mentioned  in  the  Book  of  St. 
Albans,  sig.  A.  v.  See  also  Hall,  Henry  VIII. 
f.  3;  Rutland  Papers,  p.  23;  Assemble  of 
Ladies,  527. 

They  toke  a  furre  of  armyn, 
And  wrapped  the  chyldur  theryn. 

MS.  Ca>,tab.F£.ii.  38,  f.  120. 
And  clad  them  alle  in  clothys  of  pryse, 
And  furryd  them  with  armyne.          Ibid.  f.  242. 
Your  cote  armoure  of  golde  full  fyne, 
And  poudred  well  with  good  armyne. 

Squyr  of  Lowe  Degre,  230. 

ARMYSE.    Arms. 

Torrent  sayd,  Be  Marre  dere ! 
And  I  were  off  armyse  clere, 
Yowr  dowghthyr  me  leve  were. 

Toirent  of  Portugal,  p.  4. 

ARMYTE.    A  hermit.    See  Armett.    Instances 
of  armyte  occur  in  Hartshorne's  Met.  Tales, 
p.  304 ;  Le  Bone  Florence  of  Rome,  1461. 
On  the  morne  he  gane  hym  dy5ht 
In  armytes  aray.  MS.AshmoleGl,  f.  30. 

ARMYVESTAL.    Warlike. 

Thenne  said  Morgan,  sawe  ye  Arthur  my  broder  ? 
Ye,  said  herknyghtes,  ryght  wel,  and  that  ye  shold 
have  founde  and  we  myghte  have  stered  from  one 
stede,  for  by  his  armi/vestal  contenaunce  he  wold 
have  caused  us  to  have  fled.  Morte  d' Arthur,  i.  110, 

ARN.  (1)  To  earn.    Salop.    It  is  also  a  contrac- 
tion of  e'er  a  one  in  the  West  country  dialect. 
Fore  he  wyll  drynke  more  on  a  dey 
Than  thou  cane  lyghtly  arne  in  twey. 

MS.  Aslimole  61,  f.  23. 
'2)  To  run  ;  to  flow.  (A.-S.) 
*  Eldol,  erl  of  Gloucester,  also  in  hys  syde 
Arnde,  and  kepte  her  and  ther,  and  slow  a-boute  wyde. 
Rob.  Glove,  p.  140. 
Now  ristgrete  tabour  betyng, 
Blaweyng  of  pypes,  and  ek  trumpyng, 
Stedes  lepyng,  and  ek  arnj/ng. 

Kyng  Atisattnder,  2165. 
Anon  so  sein  Joan  this  i-sei5h, 

He  arnde  aftur  anon, 
And  siwedehim  also  stifliche 

Ase  his  hors  mijhtegon.  MS.Laud.  108,  f,173. 
(3)  An  eagle.  (A.-S.) 

ARNALDIE.  A  kind  of  disease,  mentioned  by 
the  early  chroniclers  without  explanation. 
Skinner  considers  the  word  of  Arabic  origin, 
but  see  Ducange,  in  v.  Arnaldia,  who  con- 
fesses its  precise  meaning  is  not  known. 
ARNARY-CHEESE.  Ordinary  or  common 

cheese  made  of  skimmed  milk.  Dorset. 
ARND.  An  errand ;  a  message.  See  a  curious 
hymn  printed  by  Hearne,  quoted  in  Brit.  Bibl. 
ii.  81,  and  the  Catalogue  of  the  Douce  MSS. 
p.  20,  which  mentions  another  copy,  identifying 
MS.  Douce  128  as  the  copy  of  Avesbury  used 
by  Hearne.  Arnt  occurs  in  Tim  Bobbin  in  the 
same  sense. 

And  sped  hem  into  Spayne  spacli  in  a  while, 
And  to  the  kud  king  Alphouns  kithed  here  arnd. 
Will,  and  the  Werwolf,  p.  190. 
ARNDEKN.    The  evening.    SwAandorn. 
When  the  sad  ttrndern  shutting  in  the  light. 

Drayton's  Owl,  ed.  1748,  p.  410. 

AKNE.    Are.    See  Black's  Pen.  Psalms,  p.  51 ; 


Hearne's  Fragment,  p.  298 ;  Chaucer,  Cant  T. 
4706,  8218. 

In  Brytayn  this  layes  arne  y-wrytt, 
Furst  y-founde  and  forthe  y-gete.          OrpTieo,  13 
ARNEDE.    An  errand. 

To  his  wif  he  went  anon, 

And  saide  sche  most  on  his  arnede  gon. 

Sevyn  Sc#e$,  1594. 

ARNEMELIT.  A  kind  of  powder.  In  the  Book 
of  St.  Albans,  sig.  C.  ii.  is  a  direction  to  "  fylle 
the  hole  wyth  apowdre  of  arnemelit  brente.'' 
This  is  probably  an  error  for  arnement.  See  a 
similar  passage  in  Reliq.  Antiq.  i.  302. 
ARNEMENT.  Ink.  See  the  Sevyn  Sages,  2 7 76; 
MS.  Med.  Lincoln,  f.  285 ;  MS.  Sloane  2584, 
p.  29.  (Lai.) 

He  dud  make  hym  a  garnement, 
As  black  as  any  arnement. 

MS.  Cantab.  Ff.  il.  38,  f.  139. 
ARNEMORWE.    Early  in  the  morning.    (A.-S.) 
Bifor  Gormoise  that  cit£ 
On  amemorwe  than  come  we, 
With  fif  hundred  of  gode  knightes. 

Gy  of  WarwiJce,  p.  184. 

ARNEST.  Earnest.  See  a  reading  in  the  King's 
College  MS.  quoted  in  Prompt.  Parv.  p.  142. 
At  p.  14,  it  is  the  translation  of  strena,  earnest 
money,  hansel. 

ARNEYS.  Armour.  See  a  curious  stage  di- 
rection in  the  Coventry  Mysteries,  p.  283. 

ARNS.    Aries,  q.v.     North. 

ARNT.    (1)    Have  not  jam  not.    West. 

(2)  An  errand.  North. 

ARNUT.  The  earth-nut,  or  pig-nut,  frequently 
eaten  by  boys  in  the  north  of  England. 

AROINT.  A  word  of  expulsion,  or  avoiding. 
Douce  thinks  there  is  no  doubt  that  it  signifies, 
away!  run!  and  that  it  is  of  Saxon  origin. 
See  his  Illustrations,  i.  371.  It  occurs  thrice 
in  Shakespeare  in  this  sense,  Macbeth,  i.  3, 
and  King  Lear,  iii.  4,  applied  in  each  instance 
to  witches.  The  print  published  by  Hearne, 
referred  toby  the  commentators,  seems  scarcely 
applicable.  SeeArouyf.  The  fourth  folio 
reads  anoint,  according  to  Steevens,  a  reading 
which  may  perhaps  be  confirmed  by  a  passage 
in  Ben  Jonson's  Masque  of  Queens : 
Sisters,  stay,  we  want  our  Dame ; 
Call  upon  her  by  her  name. 
And  the  charra  we  use  to  say, 
That  she  quiekly  anoint,  and  come  away. 
But  as  the  word  is  spelt  aroynt  three  times  in 
the  early  editions,  we  are  scarcely  justified  in 
proposing  an  alteration.  Ray  explains  "rynt 
ye"  fiyyour  leave,  stand  handsomely,  and  gives 
the  Cheshire  proverb,  "Ryntyou,  witch,  quoth 
Besse  Locket  to  her  mother."  This  proverbial 
saying  positively  connects  rynt  with  aroint, 
and  Wilbraham  informs  us  that  "  rynt  thee" 
is  an  expression  used  by  milkmaids  to  a  cov? 
when  she  has  been  milked,  to  bid  her  to  get  out 
of  the  way,  which  is  more  likely  to  be  correct 
than  Ray's  explanation.  Boucher  goes  farther, 
and  says,  aroint  is  the  word  used  in  that  county; 
but  Ray's  proverb  is  sufficient,  and  of  good,  au- 
thority, because  he  does  not  appear  to  iiuve 


AltO  f 

had  the  Shakespearian  -word  in  view.  The 
connexion  between  aroint  and  rynt  being  thus 
established,  it  is  clear  that  the  compound  ety- 
mology proposed  by  Mr.  Rodd,  in  Knight's 
Shakspere,  is  inadmissible.  A  more  plausible 
one  is  given  in  Nares's  Glossary,  in  v.  from 
the  Latin  averrunco,  the  participle  of  which 
may  have  been  formed  into  aroint,  in  the 
same  way  that  punctum  has  become  point; 
tunctum,  joint,  &c.  See  also  Collier's  Shake- 
speare, vii.  103,  where  the  same  conjecture  is 
revived,  and  attributed  to  a  more  recent  writer. 
The  a  may  have  been  dropped,  and  Mr.  Wil- 
braham's  conjectural  origin  from  arowma  re- 
ceives some  confirmation  from  a  passage  quoted 
in  Collier's  Hist.  Dram.  Poet.  ii.  289,  where 
the  form  of  that  word  is  aroinef  but  perhaps 
we  should  read  arome. 
AROMAZ.  A  spice.  "  Smirles  of  aromaz"  are 
mentioned  in  MS.  Cott.  Titus  D.  xviii.  f.  142. 
The  tother  to  mirre,  the  thridde  to  flour, 
The  ferthe  like  to  aromate. 

Cursor  Mundi,  MS.  Coll.  Trin,  Cantab,  f.  129. 
ARON.  The  starchwort.  Minshezc.  See  Aaron. 
A-ROST.  Roasted. 

Theune  mot  ych  habbe  hennen  a-rost, 
Feyr  on  fyhshe  day  launprey  ant  lax. 

Wright's  Political  Songs,  p.  151. 

AROXJGrT.  This  word  occurs  in  an  old  print 
copied  by  Hearne  from  an  ancient  illumination 
representing  the  harrowing  of  hell.  It  means, 
probably,  go  out,  but  see  Aroute. 
AROUME.  Aside;  at  a  distance.  It  is  translated 
by  remote,  deprope,  seorsum,  in  Prompt.  Parv. 
p.  14.  See  Book  of  Fame,  ii.  32 ;  Kyng  Ali- 
saunder,  1637;  Richard  Coer  de  Lion,  464; 
Collier's  Hist.  Dram.  Poet.  ii.  289;  Digby 
Mysteries,  p.  188.  (A.-S.) 
The  geaunt  aroume  he  stode, 

His  hond  he  tint  y-wis  ; 
He  fleighe,  as  he  wer  wode, 

Ther  that  the  castel  is.      Sir  Tristrem,  p.  263. 
And  drough  hem  wel  fer  aroume. 

Arthour  and  Merlin,  p.  214. 

And  thenne  shulSe  the  lord  and  the  mayster  of  the 

game,  and  alle  the  hunters,  stonde  aroom  al  aboute  the 

reward,  and  blowe  the  deeth.  MS.  Sodl.  546. 

AROUN.    Around.    North. 

Ayren  they  leggith  as  a  griffon, 
Ac  they  beon  more  feor  aroun. 

Kyng  Alisaunder,  6603. 
AROUTE.  (1)  To  go;  to  move  about.  (Su.  G.) 

Lo,  seyde  the  emperour, 

Byhold  now  aboute, 
And  cure  Godis  honure  ich  rede, 
Other  thou  shelt  herto  aroute. 

MS,  Coil.  Trin.  Oxon.  57. 

He  my3te  not  -wonne  in  the  wones  for  witt  that  he  usid, 
But  a-rouutid  for  his  ray,  and  rebuked  ofte. 

Deposition  of  Richard  II.  p.  22. 
In  all  that  lond  no  Christin  durst  arout, 

Chaucer >  ed.  Un-yf  p.  53. 

(2)  An  assembly.     Gower. 

AROU3T.    Explained. 

Here  sweven  bi  him  tolden  word  after  word, 
Josep  here  sweven  gone  haveth  arou^t. 

MS.£odl.652,f,5. 

AROVE.    (1)  Rambling  about.    Craven.  \ 


6  ARR 

(2)  Arrived. 

His  navyo  greate  with  many  soudyoures, 

To  sayle  anone  into  this  Britayn  made, 

In  Thamis  arove,  wher  he  bad  ful  sharpe  shores. 

Hardyngs  Chronicle,  f .  33. 

A-ROWE.    In  a  row ;  successively. 
Thabot  present  him  a  schip 
Ther  that  mani  stode  a-rouwe. 

legend  of  Pope  Gregory,  p.  31. 
For  thre  nyjtes  a-roive  he  seyje  that  same  syjt. 

Chron.  Vilodun.  p.  68. 

AROWZE.  To  bedew.  (Fr.)  Nares  doubts  the 
correctness  of  this  explanation,  and  considers 
it  has  the  usual  sense  of  arome. 

The  blissful  dew  of  heaven  does  arowze  you. 

Tfie  Two  Noble  Kinsmen,  v.  4. 
ARPEYS.    A  land  of  resin,  composed  of  tallow 
and  tar.    A  mention  of  it  occurs  in  an  early 
English  medical  MS.  at  Stockholm.    See  the 
Archseologia,  xxx.  404. 
ARPIES.    Harpies;  furies. 

Scnde  out  thine  arpies,  send  anguishe  and  dole. 

Chaucer,  ed.  Urryt  p.  527. 

ARPINE.    An  acre.    (Fr.) 

Privacy  I    It  shall  be  given  him 

In  open  court ;  I'll  make  him  swallow  It 

Before  the  judge's  face :  if  he  be  master 

Of  poor  ten  arpines  of  land  forty  hours  longer, 

Let  the  world  repute  me  an  honest  woman. 

Webster's  Works,  ii.  82. 
ARPIT.     Quick;  ready.    Salop. 
ARPSICORD.    A  harpsichord.     So  Cotgrave 

spells  the  word,  in  v.  Harpechorde. 
ARRABLE.    Horrible. 

Fendis  led  hir  with  arrable  song 
Be-hynde  and  jeke  before. 

MS.  Cantab.  Ff.  v.  48,  f.  45. 

ARRABYS.    Arabian  horses. 

Moyllez  mylke  whitte,  and  mervayllous  bestez, 
Elfaydes  and  arrabys,  and  olyfauntez  noble. 

Morte  jirthvre,  MS.  Lincoln,  f.  77. 

ARRACIES.  Atermappliedtothe  smalleranimals 
of  the  chase,  which  were  skinned,  similarly  to 
the  process  now  used  for  hares  and  rabbits,  in 
opposition  to  flayed.  See  Reliq.  Antiq.  i.  151-2: 
Sir  H.  Dryden's  Twici,  p.  29. 

ARRAGE.  (1)  Vassal  service  in  ploughing  the 
lord's  land.  The  terms  arrage  and  carriage 
are  frequently  used  together,  as  descriptive  of 
an  important  part  of  the  services  which,  in 
feudal  times,  vassals  owed  to  their  lords.  4 

(2)  To  go  about  furiously.    (A.-N.) 

I  shall  sende  for  them  all  that  ben  subgettys  and 
alyed  to  thempyre  of  Rome  to  come  to  myn  ayde, 
and  forthwith  sente  old  wyse  knyghtes  unto  these 
countrayes  folowynge,  fyrste  to  ambage  and  arruge, 
to  Alysaundrye,  to  Ynde,  to  Hermonye. 

Murte  A* Arthur,  i.  135. 

ARRAHIND.    Around.     Staff. 

ARRAIGN.    To  arrange. 

See  them  mrtaigrtd ;  I  will  set  forward  straight. 

Webster's  Works,  Ii.  261 

ARRALS.  Pimples;  eruptions  on  the  skin.  Cumb. 

ARRAND.  An  errand.  Skinner.  The  form  arrant 
is  still  used  in  the  North,  and  is  found  in  Mid- 
dleton's  Works,  v.  5.  HoweU,  in  his  collection 
of  English  Proverbs,  p.  2,  gives  the  following: 
"One  of  the  four  and  twenty  qualities  of  a 
knave  is  to  stay  long  at  his  arrand." 


ARE 

ARRANT.  Malory,  in  his  Morte  d' Arthur,  i. 
199,  &c.  applies  this  word  to  knights,  where 
we  say  errant.  The  term  is  generally  applied 
to  any  thing  or  person  extremely  objectionable 
and  worthless,  and  was  probably  derived  from 
the  licentious  character  of  wanderers  in  general. 

ARRA-ONE.     Ever  a  one.     Wilts. 

ARRAS.  (1)  A  superior  kind  of  tapestry,  so 
named  from  Arras,  the  capital  of  Artois  in  the 
French  Netherlands,  which  was  celebrated  for 
its  manufacture.  In  the  rooms  of  old  houses 
hung  with  arras,  there  were  generally  large 
spaces  between  the  hangings  and  the  walls,  and 
these  were  frequently  made  hiding  places  in 
the  old  plays.  Falstaff  proposes  to  hide  him- 
self behind  the  arras  at  Windsor;  andPolonius 
is  killed  behind  the  arras  in  Hamlet,  iii.  3. 
See  the  Unton  Inventories,  ed.  J.  G.  Nichols, 
gloss,  in  v.  Aryste.  Falstaff,  no  moderate  size, 
sleeps  behind  the  arras  in  1  Henry  IV.  ii.  4, 
where  Dr.  Johnson  thinks  Shakespeare  has 
outstepped  probability,  but  Malone  has  dis- 
tinctly proved  the  contrary.  See  his  Shake- 
speare, xvi.  299. 

(2)  A  kind  of  powder,  probably  made  of  the  root 
of  the  orris.  See  Gerard,  p.  48,  "Halfe 
an  ounce  of  arras"  is  mentioned  by  Harrison, 
Descr.  of  England,  p.  170,  as  a  material  used 
in  brewing,  and  Webster  twice  mentions  arras- 
powder  as  having  been  sprinkled  on  the  hair. 
See  Webster's  Works,  i.  133;  Markham's  Engl. 
Houswife,  1649,  p.  150. 

ARRAUGHT.  Reached  $  seized  by  violence. 
We  have  already  had  araught  and  areche,  but 
this  form  is  quoted  as  used  by  Spenser,  and 
admitted  by  Nares,  who  was  not  aware  of  any 
example  of  the  verb  in  the  present  tense. 

ARRAW1GGLE.  AJI  earwig.  Suffolk.  "  Arwygyll 
worme"  occurs  in  the  Prompt.  Parv.  trans- 
lated by  aurialis. 

ARRAYERS.  Those  officers  that  had  the  care 
of  the  soldiers'  armour.  Rider. 

ARRE.  (1)    To  snarl. 

They  arre  and  bark  at  night  against  the  moon, 
For  fetching  in  fresh  tides  to  cleanse  the  streets. 
Summer's  Last  Will  and  Testament,  p.  37. 

(2)  The  letter  R. 

There  was  an  V.  and  thre  arres  to-gydre  in  a  sute, 
With  letters  other,  of  whiche  I  shal  reherse. 

Archafolngia,  xxix.  331. 

ARRECT.  (1)  To  impute.     (Lat,} 

Therfore  he  awecteth  no  blame  of  theyr  dedes 

unto  them.  Sir  Thomas  More's  WorTces,  p.  271. 

That  this  passe  you  not  undirected,  as  we  truste 

you,  and  as  we  have  no  cause  t'amecte  or  ascribe 

any  default  unto  you  hereafter. 

Davies's  York  Records,  p.  252. 

(2)  To  offer ;  to  refer. 

Arrectinge  unto  your  wyse  examinacion 
How  all  that  I  do  is  under  reffbnrution. 

Skelton's  Works,  i.  378. 

(3)  To  direct. 

Arectyng  my  syght  towarde  the  zodyake. 
The  sygnes  xii.  for  to  beholde  a-farre. 

Skelton's  WorJes,  i.  361. 

ARKEDT.    To  make  ready. 

And  so  forthewith  they  sent  al  about  in  Somar- 


87 


ARE 


zetshere,  Dorsetshire,  and  parte  of  Wiltshere  for  to 
arredy  and  arays  the  people  by  a  certayne  day. 

Arrival  of  King  Edward  IV.  p.  23. 
Desiryng  and  pray  you  to  dispose  and  arredieyou 
to  accompayneye  us    thedir,    with  as  many  per- 
sones  defensabyly  array ede  as  ye  can  make. 

MS.  Ash-mole,  1160. 

ARREED.     This  word  is  explained  award,  and 
Milton  referred  to  as  the  authority,  in  Glosso- 
graphia  Anglicana  Nova,  ed.  1719,  inv. 
ARREISE.     To  raise.     See  Praise. 

They  beyng  advertised,  ai-reised  a  greate  power  of 
xiii.  m.  and  came  to  the  passage,  and  slewe  of  the 
French  emen  vj.  c.  Hall,  Hemy  VIII.  f.  112. 

Soone  over  al  this  tithing  ras, 
That  Lazar  thus  areysed  was. 

Cursor  Mundi,  MS.  Coll.  Trin.  Cantab,  f.  89. 

ARRERE-S UPPER.   A  rere-supper ;  a  collation 
served  up  in  the  bedroom,  after  the  first  supper. 
See  Holinshed,  Hist.  Scot,  f.208,  as  quoted  by 
Boucher,  in  v.  Arrear. 
ARRIDE.    To  please.   (Lett.) 

If  her  condition  answer  but  her  feature, 
I  am  fitted.  Her  form  answers  my  affection  j 
It  ar rides  me  exceedingly.     I'll  speak  to  her. 

The  Antiquary,  ii.  1. 

ARRIDGE.    The  edge  of  anything  that  is  liable 
to  hurt  or  cause  an  ar,  q.  v.  North.     See  A 
Guide  to  the  Lakes,  ed.  1784,  p.  300.    With 
this  may  be  connected  arris,  "  the  line  of  con- 
course, edge,  or  meeting  of  two  surfaces."  See 
Britton's  Arch.  Diet,  in  v. 
ARRIERE.   The  hinder  part.  (Fr.)  This  foreign 
word  was  formerly  in  use  as  a  military  term, 
instead  of  rear.     See  Johnson  in  v. 
ARRISHES.    According    to  Marshall's  Rural 
(Economy,  i/171,  this  is  the  Devonshire  term 
for  stubbles  or  eddish ;  arrish  mows,  which  he 
mentions  as  little  stacks  set  up  in  a  field,  seem 
to  be  so  called  merely  from  their  being  in  the  » 
arrish,  or  stubble-field. 
ARRIVALL.    A  rival? 

On  a  day  he  saw  a  goodly  young  elephant  in  copu- 
lation with  another,  and  instantly  a  third  aproched 
with  a  direfull  braying,  as  if  he  would  have  eaten  up 
al  the  company,  and,  as  it  afterward  appeared,  he 
was  an  arrimll  to  the  female  which  we  saw  in  copu- 
lation with  the  other  male. 

*         Topsell'a  Four-footed  Beasts,  1607,  p.  197. 
ARRIVANCE.    The  arrival  of  company. 
For  every  minute  is  expectancy 
Of  more  <zm"  wanes.  Othello,  ii.  1. 

ARRIVE.  (1)  To  arrive  at. 

But  ere  we  could  an-fue  the  point  propos'd, 
Caesar  cried,  Help  me,  Cassius,  or  I  sink. 

Julius  C<Bsart  i.  2. 
(2)   An  arrival. 

Whose  forests,  hills,  and  floods,  then  long  for  her  arrive 
From  Lancashire.  Di'ayton's  Polyolbion,  p.  1192. 

ARRODE,     Herod.    In  the  account  of  the  Co- 
ventry Pageants,  1489,  is  a  payment  for  "  a 
gowen  to  J.rrode."    See  Sharp's  Diss.  on  the 
Coventry  Myst.  p.  28. 
ARROGATION.    Arrogance.    More. 
ARRONLY.    Exceedingly.    Lane. 
ARROS.    Arrows. 

The  first  of  omwthat  the  shote  off. 
Seven  skore  spear-men,  the  sloughe. 

Percy's  Reliques,  p.  a, 


AIIS  8 

ARROSE,  This  is  the  reading  in  one  edition  of 
Hardyng's  Chronicle,  where  the  others  read 
arove,  q.  v. 

ARROW.    Tearful.    Rider. 
ARROW-HEAD.     A  kind  of    aquatic  plant. 

Skinner, 

ARROW-HEADERS.     The  making  of  arrow- 
heads formerly  constituted  a  separate  trade. 
Lanterners,  stry  tigers,  grynders, 
Arowe-heders,  maltemen,  and  corne-mongers. 

Cocke  Lorelles  Bote,  p.  10. 

ARROWRE.    An  error. 

This  mrowre  had  he  In  hys  thoght, 
And  in  hys  thoght  a  slepe  hym  toke. 

MS.  Cantab.  Ff.  ii.  38 ,  f.  240. 

ARROWY.  Abounding  in  arrows.  Milton,  Para- 
dise Regained,  b.  iii.  has  "  sharp  sleet  of  arrowy 
shower,"  which  is  apparently  plagiarised  by 
Gray  in  the  following  passage. 

Now  the  storm  begins  to  lower, 

Haste,  the  loom  of  hell  prepare  ! 
Iron  sleet  of  arrowy  shower 
'   Hurtles  in  the  darkened  air. 

Gray's  Fatal  Sisters. 

ARRWUS.  Arrows.  This  form  of  the  word 
occurs  in  a  strange  burlesque  printed  in  Reliq. 
Antic*,  i.  82. 

ARRY.    Any.    Somerset. 
ARRYN.    To  seize. 

And  the  Jewys  xul  crye  for  joy  with  a  gret  voys, 
and  arryn  hym,  and  pullyn  of  his  clothis,  and  byndyn 
hym  to  a  pelere,  and  skorgyn  hym. 

Coventry  MysterieSt  p.  316, 

ARS.  Art ;  science.    This  word  was  usually  em- 
ployed to  signify  the  occult  sciences.     (Lat.) 
Barounes  weore  whilem  wys  and  gode, 
That  this  ars  wel  undurstode : 
Ac  on  ther  was,  Neplanamous, 
Wis  in  this  ars,  and  malicious. 

Kyng  Alisaunder,  1%. 

ARSARD.  Unwilling ;  perverse.  Var.  dial  It 
is  sometimes  pronounced  arset. 

ARSBAWST.    A  fall  on  the  back.    Staff. 

ARSBOORD.  The  binder  board  of  a  cart.   Staff. 

ARSEDJNE.  A  kind  of  ornamental  tinsel  some- 
times called  assady,  or  orsady,  which  last  is 
probably  the  correct  word.  Ben  Jonson  men- 
tions it  in  his  Bartholomew  Fair,  ii.  1,  See 
also  Sharp's  Diss.  on  Cov.  Myst.  p.  29 ;  Cun- 
ningham's Revels'  Accounts,  pp.  33,  57.  See 
Assidue.  Gifford  considers  it  to  be  a  vulgar 
corruption  of  arsenic,  iv.  405. 

ARSELING-POLE.  The  pole  with  which  bakers 
spread  the  hot  emhers  to  all  parts  of  the  oven. 
East. 

ARSELINS.    Backwards.    Norfolk. 

ARSENICK.  The  water-pepper.  The  herb  is 
mentioned  under  this  name  in  the  Nomencla- 
tor,  1585,  p.  126.  It  is 'to  be  distinguished 
from  the  mineral  poison  of  the  same  name. 

ARSEPUSH.   A  fall  on  the  back,    ffowell 

A.RSE  SMART.  The  periscaria.  It  is  called  the 
water-pepper  by  Kersey,  and  is  the  translation 
of  curage  in  Hollyband's  Dictionarie,  1593. 
Coles,  in  his  Art  of  Simpling,  says,  "  It  is  said 
that :^  a  handfull  of  arsmart  be  put  under  the 


saddle  upon  a  tired  horse's  back,  it  will  make 
him  travaile  fresh  and  lustily."  See  Brand's 
Pop.  Antiq.  iii.  165 ;  Aubrey's  Nat.  Hist.  "Wilts. 
MS.  Soc.  Reg.  p.  139. 

ARSEVERSE.  According  to  Blount's  Glosso- 
graphia,  ed.  1681,  p.  51,  this  word  is  "  a  pre- 
tended spell,  written  upon  the  door  of  an  house 
to  keep  it  from  burning." 

ARSEWISPE.  Rider  gives  this  word,  which 
scarcely  requires  explanation,  as  the  transla- 
tion of  the  Latin  anitergium. 

ARSLE.  To  move  backwards ;  to  fidget.  East. 
Cotton,  in  his  Virgil  Travestie,  ed.  1734,  p.  5, 
has  arsing  about,  turning  round. 

ARSMETRIK.    Arithmetic.    (Lat.} 

Arsmetrik  is  lore 

That  al  of  figures  is.       MS.  Ashmole  43,  f.  180. 
And  arsmetryk>  he  castyng  of  nombrary, 
Chees  Pyktegoras  for  her  parte. 

Lydgate's  Minor  Poems,  p.  11. 
ARSOUN.  The  bow  of  a  saddle,  (A.-N.)  It  is 
sometimes  used  for  the  saddle  itself.  Each  sad- 
dle had  two  arsouns,  one  in  front,  the  other 
behind ;  the  former  called  the  fore-arsoun,  as 
in  Richard  Coer  de  Lion,  5053.  In  the  same 
romance,  5539,  speaking  of  King  Richard,  we 
are  told  that  "both  hys  arsouns  weren  off 
yren."  In  Kyng  Alisaunder,  4251,  it  appar- 
ently means  the  saddle. 

And  the  arson  behynde,  as  y  yow  say, 
Syr  Befyse  smote  clene  away. 

MS.  Cantab.  Ff.  ii.  38,  f.  123. 
On  ys  stede  ful  the  dent, 

Byside  the  for-arsoun.       MS.  Ashmole  33,  f.  44. 
ARST.    First;  erst. 

Tho  was  made  frenshepe  ther  arst  was  debate,  " 

MS.  Hart.  1701,  f.  87- 
As  thou  haste  seyde,  so  schalle  hyt  bee, 
Arste  y  schalle  not  blynne. 

MS.  Cantab.  Ff.  ii.  38,  f.  72. 

ARS-TABLE.  A  table  used  in  magic,  probably 
the  same  as  the  astrolabe. 

His  ars-table  he  tok  out  sone. 
Theo  cours  he  tok  of  sonne  and  mone, 
Theo  cours  of  the  planetis  seven, 
He  tolde  also  undur  heven. 

Kyng  AUsavndert  287. 
ARSTON.    A  hearth-stone.     Yorfoh. 
ARSY-VERSY.    Upside  down ;  preposterously. 
It  is  translated  prtspositus  by  Rider,  and  the 
second  meaning  is  given  by  Kersey.    See  Hu- 
dibras,  I.  iii.  828 ;  Drayton's  Poems,  p.  272. 
ART.  (1)  A  quarter ;  a  point  of  the  compass. 

North. 

(2)   Eight.    Exmoor. 

ARTE.  To  constrain  ;  to  compel.  (Lat.}  See 
Prompt.  Parv.  p.  14  j  Troilus  and  Creseide, 
i.  389 ;  Court  of  Love,M6 ;  Hoccleve's  Poems, 
p.  71. 

In  no  wise  I  may  me  hettur  excuse, 
Than  sey  my  wltt,  so  dul  and  unperfite, 
Artith  me  thus  rudely  for  tendite,  MS.  Rawl.  C.  48. 
A  tiraunt  wolde  have  artid  him  by  paynes, 
A  certeyne  counsel  to  bewrey  and  telle. 

BoefiKj,  MS.  Sw.Antlq.  134,  f.  296. 

We  spekke  nojte  mekille,  hot  whene  we  ere 

artede  for  to  speke,  we  say  no5te  bot  the  sothe.  and 

onane  we  halde  us  stille.   MS.  Lincoln  A.  i.  17,  f.SI. 


ART  89 


ARV 


ARTEEN.    Eighteen.    Exmoor. 
ARTELRIES.    Artillery.    (A.-N.} 

I  shal  warnestore  min  hous  with  toures>  swiche 
£s  han  casteltes  and  other  manere  edifices,  and 
armure,  and  artelHes,  by  which  thinges  I  may  my 
persons  and  rnyn  hous  so  kepen  and  defendeu,  that 
min  enemies  shuln  ben  in  drede  min  hous  for  to  ap- 
proche.  Tale  of  MehbeitSt  p.  113. 

ARTEMAGE.    The  art  of  magic.    (A.-N.) 
And  through  the  crafte  of  artemage, 
Of  wexe  he  forged  an  yrnage. 

Gower,  ed.  1532,  f.  138. 
ARTER.    After.    Var.  dial 
ARTETYKES.    A  kind  of  gout  or  disease  affect- 
ing the  joints.  Maundevile  mentions,  "gowtes, 
artetykes,"  that  afflicted  Mm  in  his  old  age. 
See  his  Travels,  p,  315.    A  prescription  for  it 
in  hawks  is  given  in  the  Book  of  St.  Albans, 
sig.   C.  i.      It  is  probably  connected  with 
arthritis.    See  Arcelik. 
ARTHOFILAXE.    The  arctic  circle. 

The  whiche  sercle  and  constellacioun 
I-called  is  the  cercle  arthojilaxe  ,- 
Who  knowith  it  nedith  no  more  to  axe. 

MS,  Dlgby  230. 

ARTH-STAFF.    A  poker  used  by  blacksmiths. 


ARTHUR.  A  game  at  sea,  which  will  be  found 
described  in  Grose's  Class.  Diet.  Vulg.  T.  in  v. 
It  is  alluded  to  in  the  novel  of  Peregrine 
Pickle,  ch.  16. 

ARTHUR'S-CHACE.  A  kennel  of  black  dogs, 
followed  by  unknown  huntsmen,  which  were 
formerly  believed  to  perform  their  nocturnal 
gambols  in  France.  See  Grey's  Notes  on 
Shakespeare,  i.  34. 

ARTHUR'S-SHOW.  An  exhibition  of  archery 
alluded  to  in  2  Henry  IV.  iii.  2.  It  was  con- 
ducted by  a  society  who  had  assumed  the  arms 
and  names  of  the  Knights  of  the  Round  Table. 
See  Douce's  Illustrations,  i.  461. 

ARTICLE.  Comprehension.  Shakespeare  men- 
tions "  a  soul  of  great  article"  in  Hamlet,  v.  2. 
The  vulgar  sense  is  applied  to  a  poor  creature, 
or  a  wretched  animal.  This  latter  appears 
rather  slang  than  provincial,  yet  it  is  admitted 
into  the  East  Anglian  Vocabulary. 

ARTICULATE.  To  exhibit  in  articles.  See  this 
use  of  the  word  in  Coriolanus,  i  9,  where  it 
means  to  enter  into  articles  of  agreement. 

To  end  those  things  articulated  here 

By  our  great  lord,  the  mighty  king  of  Spain, 

We  with  our  council  will  deliberate. 

Hawkins'  Engl.  Dram,  ii.  48. 

ARTICULES.  Any  multiples  of  ten,  a  division 
which  was  formerly  considered  necessary  in 
arithmetic,  and  was  probably  the  result  of  the 
abacal  system,  a  gradual  improvement  of  the 
Boetian  notation.  SeeRara  Mathematica,p.  30. 
ARTIER.  Artery.  (jFK)  See  the  Shakespeare 
Society's  Papers,  i.  19. 

May  never  spirit,  vein,  or  artier,  feed 
The  cursed  substance  of  that  cruel  heart ! 

MarlouHfi  Works,  i.  150. 

ARTIFICIAL.   Ingenious ;  artful. 
We,  Hermia,  like  two  artificial  gods, 
ttare  with  our  needles  created  both  one  flower. 

A  Midi.  Night'*  Di-eam,  iii.  2. 


ARTILLERY.  This  word  is  often  applied  to  all 
kinds  of  missile  weapons.  See  1  Samuel, 
xx.  40. 

ARTILLERY-GARDEN.  A  place  near  Bishops- 
gate,  where  people  practised  shooting,  &c. 
See  Middleton's  Works,  iv.  424,  v.  28$, 

ARTNOON.    Afternoon.   Essex. 

ART-OF-MEMORY.  An  old  game  at  cards,  de- 
scribed in  the  Compleat  Gamester,  ed.  1709, 
p.  101. 

ARTOW.  Art  thou.  North.  This  is  a  correct 
early  form,  the  second  personal  pronoun  being 
frequently  combined  with  the  verb  in  interro- 
gative sentences.  See  "Will,  and  the  Werwolf, 
pp.  46, 185 ;  Lydgate's  Minor  Poems,  p.  51. 

ARTRY,  At  p.  284  of  the  following  work,  men- 
tion is  made  of  "  al  myn  armery  and  attnj 
hoole." 

Also  y  •wol  that  my  son  Sir  Harry  have  all  the 
residew  of  my  warderobe  and  of  myn  arras  nat  be- 
quethen,  and  all  myn  armery  and  all  my  artry. 

Nichols?  Royal  Wills,  p.  288. 

ARTS -MAN.    A  man  of  art.    This  seems  to  be 
the  meaning  in  Love's  Labours  Lost,  v.  1.  The 
old  editions  read  arts-man  pream&ulat,'which 
had  better  remain  without  alteration. 
ARTYLLED.   Declared ;  set  out  in  articles.  See 
Hartshorne's  Met.  Tales,  p.  250,  where  it  may 
perhaps  be  an  error  for  artykilled. 
ARUDAND.     Riding.     See  Gy  of  Warwike, 
p.  77,  amend? 

Ahothe  half  his  hors  hehing, 

That  ernne  forth  arvdand  "m  that  thring. 

Arthour  and  Mei-lirt,  p.  222. 
A  knight  com  aruand  [arnand  ?]  with  gret  reve, 
Y-armed  in  armes  alle.  Ibid.  p.  3JO. 

ARUEMORWE.    Early  in  the  morning.  (A.-S.) 
See  Arthour  and  Merlin,  p.  1 78,  but  the  proper 
form,  I  believe,  is  arnemorwe,  q.  v. 
ARUM.    An  arm. 

And  he  haves  on  thoru  his  amm, 
Therof  is  ful  mikel  harura.          Havelok,  1982. 
ARUNDE.    An  errand. 

And  thy  moder,  Mary,  hevyn  qwene, 
Bere  our  anmde  so  bytwene, 

That  semely  ys  of  syght.  Emare,  8. 

ARUWE.    An  arrow. 

Ac  an  aruwe  oway  he  bare 

In  his  eld  wounde.  Sir  Tristram,  p.  304. 

ARVAL.  A'funeral.  North.  Arval-supper  is 
a  funeral  feast  given  to  the  friends  of  the  de- 
ceased, at  which  a  particular  kind  of  loaf, 
called  arval-bread,  is  sometimes  distributed 
among  the  poor.  Arvel-bread  is  a  coarse 
cake,  composed  of  flour,  water,  yeast,  currants, 
and  some  kind  of  spice  ;  in  form  round,  about 
eight  inches  in  diameter,  and  the  upper  sur- 
face always  scored,  perhaps  exhibiting  origi- 
nally the  sign  of  the  cross.  Not  many  years 
since  one  of  these  arvals  was  celebrated  in  a 
village  in  Yorkshire  at  a  public-house,  the  sign 
of  which  was  the  family  arms  of  a  nobleman 
whose  motto  is,  Virtitspostfunera  mvit.  The 
undertaker,  who,  though  a  clerk,  was  no  scho- 
lar, requested  a  gentleman  present  to  explain 
to  him  the  meaning  of  these  Latin  words, 


AEY 


90 


ASC 


waacTi  lie  readily  and  facetiously  did  in  the 
following  manner:    Virtus,  a  parish  clerk, 
vivitj  lives  well,  postfunera,  at  an  arval  1  See 
Donee's  Illustrations,  ii.  203. 
ARYYST-GOS.    A  stubble  goose. 
A  yong  wyf  and  an  anyst-gos, 

Moche  gagil  with  bothe : 
A.  man  that  [hath]  ham  yn  his  clos, 

Reste  schal  he  wrothe.    Reliq.  Antiq.  ii.  113. 
ARWE.  (1)  An  arrow.    Cf.  Hob.  Glouc.  p.  48. 
That  wel  kepen  that  castel 
From  anue,  shet,  and  quarel. 

Cursor  Mundi,  MS.  Coll.  Trin.  Cantab,  f.  63. 
Wepens  of  artues  tegh  of  men  sones, 
And  thar  tung  sharpe  swerde  in  wones. 

MS.  Bodl.  425,  f.  27- 
For  some  that  jede  yn  the  strete, 
Sawe  arwys  fro  hevene  shete. 

MS.  Harl.  1701,  f.  10. 

(2)  Timid;  fearful.  See  Rob.  Glouc.  p.  457, 
"  his  hert  arwe  as  an  hare,"  erroneously  ex- 
plained swift.  Mr.  Way  refers  to  an  instance 
in  Richard  Coer  de  Lion,  3821,  but  Weber 
has  arranged  the  line  differently  in  his 


Thou  saist  soth,  hardy  and  hard, 
And  thou  art  as  arwe  coward  J 
He  is  the  furste  in  eche  bataile ; 
Thou  art  byhynde  ay  at  the  taile. 

Kyng  Alisaunder,  3340. 

ARWEBLAST.  A  crossbow.  We  have  already  had 
this  word,  in  v.  Al&lasf,  and  Arblast.  For  this 
form  of  it,  see  Mirrour  for  Magistrates,  p.  2 1 7  ; 
EHis's  Metrical  Rom.  ii.  255  ;  Richard  Coer  de 
Lion,  2637,  3851,  3970,  4453,4481,  5867; 
spelt  arroivblaste,  &c. 

The  galeye  wente  alsoo  faste 
As  quarrel  dos  off  the  arweblast. 

Richard  Coer  de  Lion,  2524. 

ARWEI.   This  -word  is  translated  by  destoraunt, 
in  an  early  Anglo-Norman  gloss,  printed  in 
Reliq.  Antiq.  ii.  81. 
ARWE-MEN.    Bowmen. 

He  calde  bothe  arioe-men  and  kene 
Knithes,  and  serganz  swithe  sleie. 

Havelolc,  2115. 

ARYNE.   Are. 

For  alle  the  sorowe  that  we  aryne  inne, 
It  es  like  dele  for  oure  syne. 

Sir  Isumbras,  MS,  Lincoln,  114. 
ARYOLES.    Soothsayers ;  diviners.    (Lat.) 

Aryoles,  nygromancers,  brought  theyra  to  the 
auctors  of  ther  God  Phoebus,  and  offred  theym  ther, 
and  than  they  hadde  answeres.  Barthol.  Angl.Trevisa, 

ARYSE.    Arisen. 

Ryght  as  he  was  argue, 

Of  his  woundyn  he  was  agrise. 

Kyrtg  Alisaunder,  3748. 

ARYSTE.    Arras.    See  the  Unton  Inventories, 

p.  5,  " iij. peeces  of  aryste" 
ARYSY.    SeeAvarysy. 
ARYVEN.    Arrived. 

Wyndes  and  weders  hathe  Mr  dryveh, 
That  in  a  forest  she  is  aryven, 
Where  wylde  bestys  were. 

Torrant  uf  Portugal,  p.  114. 


AR3ES.    Is  fearful.   (A.-S.) 

A  !  Avec,  quod  the  qwene,  me  arys  of  myselfe. 

MS.  Ashmole  44,  f.  9. 

AS.  (1)  That ;  which.    Var.  dial   In  the  Eastern 
counties  it  is  sometimes  used  for  who,  and  it  is 
frequently  redundant,  as  "  He  will  come  as  to- 
morrow." 
(2)  Has. 

That  hole*  cherche  as  bound  me  to, 
Grawnt  me  grace  that  fore  to  do. 

Audelay's  Poems,  p.  57, 
A-SAD.     Sad ;  sorrowful. 

Selde  wes  he  glad, 
That  never  nes  a-sad 
Of  nythe  ant  of  onde. 

Wright's  Pol.  Songs,  p.  212, 
Y  dude  as  hue  me  bad, 
Of  me  hue  is  a-sad.       Reliq.  Antiq.  L  122. 

ASAILED.     Sailed. 

Jhon  Veere,  Erie  of  Oxenforde,  that  witlidrewe  hym 
frome  Barnet  felde,  and  rode  into  Scottlonde,  and 
frome  thens  into  Praunce  asailed,  and  ther  ha  was 
worsehipfully  received. 

WarJcworth's  Chronicle,  p.  26. 

ASALY.    To  assault ;  to  besiege. 

Hii  bygonne  an  holy  Thores  eve  then  toun  asaly 

there 

Stalwardlyche  and  vaste  y-nou,  noblemen  as  yt 
were.  Rod.  Glouc.  p.  394. 

AS-ARMES.    To  arms!     (A.-N.} 
As  armea  f  thanne  cride  Rolond, 
As  armes!  everechon  I       MS.  Ashmole  33,  f.  38. 
As  armea!  feren,  nede  it  is. 

Arthour  and  Merlin,  p.  261. 

ASAUGHT.    An  assault.     WicJcliffe. 

Kyng  Wyllam  wende  ajcn,  tho  al  thys  was  y-do, 
And  bygan  sone  to  grony  and  to  febly  al  so, 
Vor  travayl  of  the  foul  asa^t,  and  vor  he  was  feble  er. 
Rob.  Glouc.  p.  SttO. 

ASBATE.  A  purchase.  Skinner  asserts  that  he 
had  only  once  met  with  this  word ;  he  does  not 
give  a  reference,  and  believes  it  to  be  a  mis- 
take for  ashate,  q.  v.  It  is  perhaps  to  be  found 
in  some  editions  of  Chaucer. 

AS-BUIRD.  Ashes  board ;  a  box  in  which  ashes 
are  carried.  North. 

ASCANCE.    Obliquely. 

At  this  question  Rosader,  turning  his  head  ascance, 
and  bending  his  browes  as  if  anger  there  had  ploughed 
the  furrowes  of  her  wrath,  with  his  eyes  full  of  fire, 
hee  made  this  replie. 

Euphues  Golden  Legacie,  ap.  Collier,  p.  15. 
AS  CAP  ART.    The  name  of  a  giant  whom  Bevis 
of  Hampton  conquered,  according  to  the  old 
romance.     His  effigy  may  be  seen  on  the  city 
gates  of  Southampton.  He  is  said  to  have  beea 
thirty  feet  long,  and  to  have  carried  Sir  Bevis, 
his  wife,  and  horse,  under  his  arm.    Allusions 
to  him  occur  in  Shakespeare,  Drayton,  and 
other  Elizabethan  writers. 
ASCAPE.    To  escape.  Sometimes  aschape.  See 
Kyng  Alisaunder,  1120;  Gy  of  Warwike,  p. 
230 ;  Piers  Ploughman,  pp.  40,  12'L 
I  hope  thorw  Codes  helpe  and  thyne, 
We  schulle  aecape  al  oure  pyne. 

US.  Addit.  10036,  f.  10. 

Whenne  the  emperoure  sawe  him,  he  yaf  to  him 
his  dowter  to  wyfe,  be-cause  that  he  hade  so  wysely 
ascapide  the  peril  of  the  g^rdine. 

G&to  Romanorum,  p.  108 


ASC 

Ich  trouue  he  wolle  me  for-sape  ; 
Hou  troustu,  Nelde,  ich  moue  ascape  9 


91 


ASE 


I  kan  bi  no  coyntyse  knowe  nouj  the  best 
How  je  mowe  unhent  or  harmles  aschape. 

Will,  and  the  Werwolf,  p.  61. 
Than  shulde  they  do  ryjt  penaunce 
For  to  askape  thys  myschauuce. 

MS.  Hart.  1701,  f.  45. 

ASCAR.    An  asker ;  a  person  who  asks. 

After  the  wickydnes  of  the  ascar  schal  be  the 
wickidnes  of  the  prophet ;  and  I  schal  streke  out 
my  hand  on  him,  and  do  him  a-wey  fro  the  middis 
of  mi  peple.  Apology  for  the  Lollards,  p ,  69. 

AS  CAT.    Broken  like  an  egg.     Somerset. 

ASCAUNCE.  This  is  interpreted  aslant,  side- 
ways, in  the  glossaries,  "but  Tyrwhitt  justly 
doubts  its  application  in  all  the  following  pas- 
sages. Ascaunt,  however,  occurs  in  the  early 
quarto  editions  of  Hamlet,  iv.  7,  where  the 
folio  of  1623,  reads  aslant.  See  also  Troilus 
and  Creseide,  i.  292.  It  apparently  means 
scarcely,  as  if  to  say,  as  if;  and  is  perhaps 
sometimes  an  expletive.  It  seems,  however, 
to  mean  aslant  in  Troilus  and  Creseide,  i.  205 ; 
La  Belle  Dame  sans  Mercy,  604. 

And  wrote  alway  the  names,  as  he  stood, 
Of  alle  folk  that  yave  hem  any  good, 
Askaunce  that  he  wolde  for  hem  preye. 

Chaucer,  Cant.  T.  7327. 
And  every  man  that  hath  ought  in  his  cofre, 
Let  him  appere,  and  wex  a  philosophre, 
Ascaunce  that  craft  is  so  light  to  lere.         Ibid.  16306. 
Askauns  she  may  nat  to  the  lettres  sey  nay. 

Lydgate's  Minor  P*$m»t  p.  35. 
And  soo  the  kynges  astaunce  came  to  sa  Tristram 
to  comforte  hyru  as  he  laye  seke  in  his  bedde. 

Marie  d' Arthur,  i.  268. 

ASCENDANT.  A  term  in  judicial  astrology, 
denoting  that  degree  of  the  ecliptic  which  is 
rising  in  the  eastern  part  of  the  horizon  at  the 
time  of  any  person's  birth,  and  supposed  to 
exercise  great  influence  over  his  fortune.  It 
is  now  used  metaphorically. 
ASCENT.  Agreement. 

The  number  was,  be  ryght  ascent, 
Off  hors-men  an  bun  dry  d  thousent. 

Richard  Coer  de  Lion,  3921. 

ASCH-CAKE.  Bread  baked  under  ashes.  See 
MS.  Bibl.  Reg.  12  B.  i,  f.  32  ;  and  the  Nomen- 
clator,  1585,  p.  84. 

ASCHE.  To  ask.  Cf.  Rob.  Glouc.  p.  16. 
The  kyng  of  Ysraelle  that  lady  can  asche, 
Yf  sche  myght  the  see  ovyr-passe. 

MS.  Cantab.  Ff ,  ii.  38,  f.  60. 
We  do  na  synnes,  ne  we  wllle  hafe  na  mare  thane 
resone  of  kynde  aaches,     MS.  Lincoln  A.  i.  17,  f.  32. 
ASCHES.    Ashes. 

Who  so  coverethe  the  coles  of  that  wode  undir  the 
astchea  there-offe,  the  coles  wil  duellen  and  abyden 
alle  quyk  a  jere  or  more. 

Maundevile's  Ti-avels,  p.  289. 

ASCHONNE.    To  shun ;  to  avoid. 
They  myjte  not  aschonne  the  sorowe  they  had  served. 
Deposition  of  Richard  II.  p.  14. 

ASCIETH.    Enquireth after;  seeketh. 

For  he  knoweth  wel  and  wot  wel  that  he  doith  y  vel, 
and  therfore  man  ascieth  and  hunteth  and  sleeth  hym, 
and  jit  for  al  that,  be  may  not  leve  his  yvel  nature. 
MS.  EodL  546. 


AS  GILL.     Vinegar. 

Ascill  and  gall  to  his  dynere 
I  made  them  for  to  dighte.     Chester  Plays,  ii.  7& 
ASCITE.    To  call ;  to  summon.     See  Wright's 
Monastic  Lett.  p.  78 ;  Halle's  Expost.  p.  14. 

Hun  answered  that  the  infant  had  no  propertie  in 
the  shet,  wherupon  the  priest  ascited  him  in  the 
spiritual  courte.  Halt,  Henry  FIJI.  f.  50. 

ASCLANDERD.    Slandered. 

But  for  his  moder  no  schuld  ascfandwd  be, 
That  hye  with  childe  unwedded  were. 

Joachim  and  Anne,  p.  349 

ASCON.    To  ask.     Cf.  Hob.  Glouc.  p.  89. 
Tundale  he  went  upon  a  day 
To  a  -Tion,  to  ascon  his  pay 
For  thre  horsis  that  he  had  sold.       Tundale,  p.  3. 
ASCRIBE.    Across;  astride.  Somerset.  Some- 
times written  asJcred  and  aslcrod. 
AS  CRY.  To  cry ;  to  report ;  to  proclaim.  Hence, 
to  betray,   as  in  Ywaine  and  Gawin,  584. 
Hearne,  gloss,  to  Peter  Langtoft,  p.  217,  ex- 
plains it  "  to  cry  to,"  an  interpretation  adopted 
in  the  Towneley  Mysteries,  p.  193.  It  means 
there  to  assail  with  a  shout,  as  Mr.  Dyce  ob- 
serves, notes  to  Skelton,  p.  152.     Palsgrave 
has  it  in  the  sense  to  descry,  to  discover. 

Bot  sonewhen  he  herd  a&cry 
That  king  Edward  was  nere  tharby, 
Than  durst  he  noght  cum  nere. 

Mwot's  Poems,  p.  14. 
Writ  how  muche  was  his  mysehief, 
Whan  they  aacryedon  hym.  as  a  thef. 

MS.  Addit.  11307,  f.  59. 

ASCRYVE.    To  ascribe ;  to  impute.  Palsgrave. 
ASE.  (1)  Ashes.  North. 
(2)  As. 

The  kyng  hathe  a  dowghttyr  feyer  ase  fiowyr, 
Dyscenyr  wase  her  name.    Torrent  cf  Portugal,  p.  2. 

ASELE.  To  seal.  See  Piers  Ploughman,  p.  511; 
Rob.  Glouc.  p.  510.  The  proclamation  of  the 
Mayor  of  Norwich  in  1424  directed  "  that  aU  , 
brewsters  and  gannokers  selle  a  gallon  ale  of 
the  best,  be  measure  a-selyd."  See  Prompt. 
Parv.  p,  186.  It  seems  there  to  have  the  mean- 
ing of  established,  confirmed. 

That  othir  the  abbot  off  Seynt  Albon, 
That  brought  hym  lettres  speciele, 
Aselyd  with  the  barouns  sele, 
•  That  tolden  hyra,  hys  brothir  Jhon 
Wolde  do  corowne  hym  anon. 

Richard  Coer  de  Lion,  6472. 

ASELY.    To  assoil,  give  absolution,  which  was 

usually  done  before  a  fight.    Mr.  Stevenson 

explains  it,  to  receive  the  sacrament,  in  which 

case  it  may  be  only  another  form  of  hosely,  q.  v. 

The  Normans  no  dude  1103!  so,  ac  hii  cryde  on  God 

vaste,  y-lasie. 

And  ssryve  hem  ech  after  other,  the  wule  the  nyjt 

And  amorwe  hem  lete  asety  wythmyldehertey-nou. 

Rob.  Glouc.  p.  360 

ASEMBLEDEN.    Assembled. 

And  either  ost  as  swithe  fast  ascried  other, 

And  asembleden  swithe  sternli  either  ost  to-gader. 

Will,  and  the  W&rwolf,  p.  137. 

ASEMYS.  In  the  Prompt.  Parv.  p.  289,  this 
is  the  synonyme  of  laatyne  huly,  indignor. 

ASENE,  Seen,  See  Chronicle  of  England,  44  ; 
Tundale's  Visions,  p.  51 ;  Kyng  Alisaunder, 
847 ;  Reliq.  Antiq.  i.  109. 


ASH     -  f 

ASERE.   To  become  dry.   See  the  Sevyn  Sages, 
606.    Mr.  Stevenson  derives  it  from  the  verb 
to  sear. 
ASERRE.    Azure. 

He  bare  aserre  a  grype  of  golde, 
Rychely  beton  on  the  molde. 

MS.  Cantab.  Ff.  ii.  38,  f.  69. 

ASERYED.    Deserved. 

Lord,  he  seide,  Jhesu  Crist, 
Ich  thonky  the  wel  faste 
That  ich  it  have  aserved 
In  atte  the  5atis  to  wende. 

MS.  Coll.  Ti-in.  Oxon.  57. 
And  thou  sorewe  that  thou  aserved  hast, 
And  elles  it  were  wouj.        MS.  Laud.  108,  f.  2. 

ASERVI.    To  serve. 

Hisheortehim  jaf  for  to  wende 
In-to  a  prive  stude  and  stille, 
Thare  he  mijte  beo  alone 
To  aserui  Godes  wille. 

MS.  Laud.  108,  f.  104, 

ASESSE.    To  cause  to  cease;  to  stop. 
Into  Yngelond  therrae  wolde  be, 
And  asesse  the  werre  anon 
Betwyxe  hym  andhys  brother  Jhon. 

Richard  Coer  de  Lion,  6311. 

ASETH.    Satisfaction  or  amends  for  an  injury. 

See  Prompt.  Parv.  p.  182;  Gesta  Romanorum, 

pp.  275,  460 ;  Wickliffe's  New  Test.  p.  53. 

We  may  not  be  assay  led  of  tho  trespas, 

Bot  if  we  make  aseth  in  that  at  we  may. 

MS.  Karl.  1022,  f.  68. 
Here  byfore  he  myghte  ethe 
SoneJiafe  mad  me  asethe. 

MS.  Lincoln  A .  i.  17,  f.  132. 

It  was  likyng  to  jow,  Fadire,  for  to  sende  me  into 

this  weilde  that  I  sulde  make  as&the  for  mans  tres- 

pas  that  he  did  to  us.  Ibid.  f.  179. 

ASEWRE.     Azure. 

At  the  brygge  ende  stondyth  a  towre, 
Peyntyd  wyth  golde  and  asetvre. 

MS.  Cantab.  Ff.  ii.  38,  f.  105. 
ASEWRYD.    Assured ;  promised. 

But  y  take  more  then  y  was  asewryd, 
Y  may  not  have  where  no5te  ys  levyd- 

Reliq.  Antiq.  i.  28. 

ASEYNT.    Lost.    (A.-S.) 

Al  here  atyl  and  tresour  was  al-so  aseynt. 

Rob.  Glouc.  p.  51, 

AS -FAST.     Anon,-  immediately.     Cf.  Prompt. 

Parv.  p.  15 ;  Troilus  and  Creseide,  v.  1640. 
AS  GAL.    A  newt.    Salop. 
ASH.  (1)  Stubble.   South.   Walter  de  Bibbles- 
worth,  MS.  Arund.  220,  f.  301,  has  "  le  tressel, 
aschc  of  corn." 

(2)  To  ask.   Lane.  See  AscJie. 
ASHATE.  SwAslate.  It  is  so  written  in  Urr/s 
Chaucer,  p.  5,  where  Tyrwbitt's  edition  reads 
achate. 
ASH-BIN.  A  receptacle  for  ashes  and  other  dirt. 

Line. 
ASH-CANDLES.    The  seed  vessels  of  the  ash 

tree.    Dorset. 

ASHELT.     Likely;  probably;  perhaps.  North. 
ASHEN.    Ashes.    North. 

Therwith  the  fire  of  jalousie  tip  sterte 
Within  his  brest,  and  hent  him  by  the  herte 
So  woodly,  that  he  like  was  to  behold 
The  box-tree,  or  the  ashen  ded  and  cold. 

Chaucer*  Cant.  T.  1304. 


2  ASI 

ASHERLAND.      According  to  Kennett,   MS, 
Lansd.  1033,  "assarts,  or  woodland  grub'd 
and  ploughed  up."    North. 
ASH-HEAPS.    A  method  of  divination. 
Of  ash-heapes,  iu  the  which  ye  use 
Husbands  and  wives  by  streafees  to  chuse  ; 
Of  crackling  laurell,  which  fore-sounds 
A  plentious  harvest  to  your  grounds. 

HerricTc's  Works,  i.  176. 

A.SH1ED.     Made  white,  as  with  wood  ashes. 
Old  Winter,  clad  in  high  furres,  showers  of  raine, 
Appearing  in  his  eyes,  who  still  doth  goe 
In  a  rug  gowne»  askied  with  flakes  of  snow. 

Hwwood'3  Jtfawiage  Triumphe,  1613. 
ASHISH.     Sideways.     Somerset. 
ASH-KEYS.   The  fruit  of  the  ash.    The  failure 
of  a  crop  of  ash-keys  is  said  in  some  counties 
to  portend  a  death  in  the  royal  family.     See 
Forby,  ii.  406. 

ASHLAR.  Hewuorsquared  stone,  ready  for  build- 
ing. See  Britton's  Arch.  Diet,  in  v.  «  Slophus, 
ascheler,"  MS.  Bodl.  837,  f.  134.  Cf.  Cotgrave, 
in  v.  Attendant,  Bouttice.  Grose  gives  the 
word  as  peculiar  to  Cumberland,  and  signifying 
"  a  large  free  stone,"  and  according  to  some, 
it  is  or  was  common  among  builders  to  denote 
free-stones  as  they  come  from  the  quarry.  Tlie 
term  is  still  in  common  use.  In  the  inden- 
ture for  the  construction  of  the  dormitory  at 
Durhain,  1398,  the  mason  engages  that  a  cer- 
tain wall  shall  be  "  exterius  de  puro  lapide 
vocato  acJnler  plane  inscisso,  interius  vero  de 
fracto  lapide  vocato  rogkwatt."  See  Willis's 
Architectural  Nomenclature,  p.  25. 
ASHORE.  Aside,  West.  It  is  used  in  the  same 
sense  as  ajar,  applied  to  a  door.  Weber  is  in 
doubt  about  its  meaning  in  the  following  pas- 
sage, but  the  word  is  common  iu  the  West  of 
England,  although  it  does  not  appear  to  have 
found  a  place  in  the  glossaries. 
Ever  after  the  dogges  wer  so  starke, 
Thei  stode  aschore  when  thei  schuM  barke. 

Hvhttyng  <•/ Me  Hare,  257, 

ASH-PAN.  A  metal  pan  fitted  to  the  under  part 
of  the  grate,  into  which  the  ashes  fall  from  the 
fire.  Line. 

ASH-TRUG.    A  coal-scuttle.     North. 
ASHUNCHE.     To  repent  ? 

Mid  shupping  ne  mey  hit  me  ashwiche, 

Nes  y  never  wycche  ne  wyle  ; 
Ych  am  a  maidc,  that  me  of-thunche, 
Luef  me  were  gome  boute  gyle. 

Wright**  Lyric  Poetry,  p  38. 

ASH-WEDNESDAY.  The  first  day  of  Lent,  so 
called  from  the  ancient  ceremony  of  the  placing 
of  ashes  on  the  heads  of  persons  on  that  day 
by  the  priest,  who  said,  "  Remember,  man, 
that  thou  art  ashes,  and  unto  ashes  thou  &halt 
return."  This  ceremony  was  abolished  early 
in  the  reign  of  Edward  VI.  See  Becon's 
Works,  p.  110. 

ASIDEN.  On  one  side ;  oblique ;  aslant.  West. 
Rider  has  asidenam  in  his  JDictionarie,  1640, 
iu  the  same  sense. 

ASILE.    An  asylum. 

Fly  unto  prayer  as  unto  an  holy  anchor,  or  sure 
asile,  and  strong  bulwark.        Becon't  Wwltt,  p.  12* 


ASK 


93 


ASL 


ASIN.    Made  of  ashen  wood. 

I  wil  do  that  I  may,  and  wil  rather  drinke  in  an 
asin  cup  than  you  or  yours  shude  not  be  soecerd  both 
by  sea  and  land,  Ai'chaologiat  xiii.  203. 

ASINGS.     Easings.     Salop. 
A-SIT.    To  sit  against;  i.  e.,  to  receive  the  blow 
without  being  unhorsed. 
A-left  he  smot  and  a-right, 

Non  his  dent  a-sit  might.  Arthour  and,  Merlin,  p.  301. 
No  man  ne  myghte  with  strengthe  asyite 

Hys  swordes  draught.  Octovian,  1665. 

ASIW.    To  follow. 

Aiisaundre  wente  agejn, 
Quyk  asiweth  him  al  his  men. 

Kyng Atisaundw,  2494. 

ASK.    (1).  A  water  newt.    North.    Floriohas 
the  word,  in  v.  Magrdsio.    Jt  is  sometimes 
•written  askard,  and  askeL     See  Asker. 
(2)  To  require. 

Ho  so  hit  ternpreth  by  power, 
So  hit  askith  in  suche  maner. 

KyngAlisaundert  6219. 

ASKEFISE,    This  word  is  translated  by  cinifto 
in  the  Prompt.  Parv.  p.  15.   Ihre,  in  Y.  Aska, 
says,  "qui  cineribus  oppedit."    See  further 
instances  collected  by  Mr.  Way,  in  loc.  cit. 
ASKEN.    Ashes. 

Hwan  the  dom  was  demd  and  seyd, 

Sket  was  the  swike  on  the  asse  leyd, 

And  [led]  him  til  that  like  grene, 

And  brend  til  asTcen  al  bidene.      HaveloJe,  2841. 

ASKEtt.   (1)  A  scab. 

Rub  it  till  it  bleede ;  then  take  and  bind  it  thereto 
for  three  dales,  in  which  space  you  shall  see  a  white 
asker  on  the  sore ;  then  take  that  off,  and  annoint  it 
with  oyle  of  roses  or  fresh  butter  untill  it  be 
throughly  cured.  Topsell's  Four-footed  Beasts,  p  402. 
(2)  A  land  or  water  newt.  Var.  dial.  Kennett, 
MS.  Lansd.  1033,  gives  this  form  as  a 
Staffordshire  word. 

ASKES.  Ashes.  (4.-£)  See  Reliq.  Antiq.  i.  53 ; 
MS.  Bib.  Reg.  17  C.  xvii.  f.  48;  Ashmole's 
Theat.  Chem,  Brit.  p.  129;  Prompt.  Parv. 
pp.  21,  252,  266 ;  Gesta  Romanorum,  p.  456; 
Piers  Ploughman,  p.  49. 

Thynk,  man,  lie  says,  askes  ertow  now, 
And  into  askes  agayu  turn  saltow. 

MS.  Cott.  Galba  E.  ix.  f.  75. 
Thenkj  mon,  he  seith,  asku*  art  thou  now, 
And  into  askus  turne  schalt  thou. 

MS.  Ashmole  41,  f.  5. 
A&Tces  y  etc  instede  of  breed, 
My  drynke  ys  water  that  y  wepe. 

MS.  Cantab.  Ff.  ii.  38,  f.  2. 

ASKEW.  Awry.  Var.  dial  See  Baret's  Alvearie, 

1580,  in  v. 
ASKILE.    Aside. 

What  the'  the  scornful  waiter  looks  aslcite, 

And  pouts  and  frowns,  and  curseth  thee  the  while. 

Hall's  Satires,  v.  2. 

Campanus  prayd  hym  stand  stille, 

While  he  askyd  hym  askyle.  IpomyAcn,  2054. 

ASKINGS.     The  publication  of  marriage  by 

banns.     YorJcsh. 
A-SKOF.    In  scoff;  deridingly. 
Alisauadre  lokid  a-skoft 
As  he  no  gef  nought  therof. 

Kyngdlisaunder,  874 

A.SKO\VSB.    To  excuse.    Cf.  Cov.  Myst.  p.  2. 


Bot  thow  can  asJtctvse  the, 
Thow  schalt  abey,  y  till  the. 

Irere  and  the  Boy,  st,  xxxv, 
ASKRYE.    A  shriek ;  a  shout. 
And  wretchydly 
Hath  made  askrye*        ISkelton's  Poems,  ii.  53. 

ASKY.    (1)  Dry;  parcted.    Generally  applied 
to  land,  but  sometimes  used  for  husky.  North. 
(2)  To  ask. 

Roland  of  hure  gan  asJcy  than 

Of  wat  kynde  was  comen  that  ilke  man. 

MS.  Ashmolc33,f.  45. 
To  <M&i  that  never  no  wes, 

It  is  a  fole  askeing,  Sir  Trtotrem,  p.  209. 

ASLAKE.  To  slacken ;  to  abate.  (^.-£)  See 
Chaucer,  Cant.  T.  1762,  3553;  Lydgate's 
Minor  Poems,  p.  231 ;  Ancient  Poetical  Tracts, 
p.  18;  Seven  Penitential  Psalms,  p.  11;  Brit, 
Bibl.  iv.  105. 

Fourti  days  respite  thou  gif  me, 
Til  that  mi  sorwe  a&lafad  be. 

Gy  of  Warwike,  p.  213. 
ASLASH.    Aslant;  crosswise.    Line. 
ASLAT.  Cracked  like  an  earthen  vessel  Devon. 
A-SLAWE.     Slain.    Cf.  Rob.  Glouc.  p.  170. 
Nay,  quath  on,  the  devel  him  drawe, 
For  he  hath  my  lord  a-slawe. 

MS.  AsTvnoU  33,  f  .  SO. 

ASLEN.    Aslope.    Somerset.- 
ASLEPED.    Asleep. 

That  other  woodnesse  isclepedwoodrjessestepynge 
for  thei  lye  alwey,  and  maketh  semblaunt  as  5if  thei 
were  asleped,  and  so  thei  dyeth  withoute  mete. 

JttS.  BoiiZ.  546. 

ASLET.     Oblique.    Prompt.  Parv. 
ASLEW.     Oblique.    East  Sussex. 
ASLIDE.     To  slide  away;  to  escape. 

Let  soche  folie  out  of  your  herte  aslide. 

Chaucer,  ed,  Urry,  p.  110, 
A-SLOW.    Slain. 

Thar  men  rayjt  see  anou 
Many  a  dowjty  man  a-slon. 

MS.  Douce  236,  f.  12. 

ASLOPE.  Sloping.  In  the  Chester  Plays,  i.  125, 
is  the  phrase,  "  the  devil!  of  the  sqpe."  The 
Bodl.  MS.  175,  reads  aslope. 

For  trust  that  thei  have  set  in  hope, 
Whiche  feii  hem  aftirward  aslope. 

Rom,  of  the  Rose,  4464. 

This  place  is  supposed  to  lie  in  the  confines  of 
Shropshire  aloft  upon  the  top  of  an  high  hill  there, 
environed  with  a  triple  rampire  and  ditch  of  great 
depth,  having  three  entries  into  it,  not  directlie  one 
against  another,  but  aslope. 

Holinshed,  Hist,  of  England,  p.  38. 

ASLOPEN.    Asleep.    This  is  probably  for  the 
sake  of  the  rhyme. 
Call  to  our  maids ;  good  right ;  we  are  all  aslopen* 

Middleton,  i.  25?. 
A-SLOUGH.     Slew ;  Mlled. 

Gif  ich  thi  sone  owhar  a-slougli, 
It  was  me  defendant  anotigh. 

Gy  of  WavtoiTcet  p.  250. 
That  hadde  y-chaced  Rlchardone, 
Wan  he  a-slow  tyng  Clary  one. 

MS.  Athvnole  33,  f.  50. 

ASLOVTE.  Aslant;  obliquely.  Prompt.  Pare. 
Mr.  Way,  p.  6,  -wrongly  prints  asknte,  but  our 
reading  is  confirmed  by  another  entry  at  p.  15, 
aslowte. 


ASP 


94 


ASP 


ASLOWEN.    Slew. 

And  nolden  bi-taken  him  no  fruy t, 
Ake  aslotoen  him  at  the  laste. 

MS.  Laud.  108,  f.  3. 

ASLUPPE.    To  slip  away.    (A.-S.) 
Betere  is  taken  a  comeliche  y-elothe, 

In  arrnes  to  cusse  ant  to  cluppe, 
Then  a  wrecche  y-wedded  so  wrothe, 

Thah  he  me  slowe,  ne  myhti  him  asluppe. 

Wright's  Lyric  Poetry,  p.  38. 
ASLY.    Willingly.     North.    Ray  lias  it  in  his 
english  Words,  1674,  p,  3.    See  also  Kennett's 
Glossary,  MS.  Lansd.  1033,  f.   23.     It  is 
sometimes  spelt  astley. 
ASMAN.    An  ass-driver. 

And  ye  most  yeve  yowre  asman  curtesy  a  grot, 
other  a  grosset  of  Venyse.  MS.  Bodl.  565. 

ASMATRYK.    Arithmetic. 

Of  calculation  and  negremauncye, 
Also  of  augrym  and  of  asmatryk. 

Coventry  Mysteries,  p.  189. 

ASMELLE.    To  smell. 

The  bor  hem  gan  ful  sone  asmelle  / 
Ech  he  het  therof  his  felle.       Sevyn  Sages,  891. 
ASOCIED.    Associated.     See  Account  of  the 
Grocers'  Company,  p.  321. 

Ofte  suche  have  ben  asocied  and  felawschipped  to 
arraus,  the  whiche  hir  owne  lordes  ne  luste  nojt  to 
have  in  servise.  Vegecius,  MS.  Douce  291,  f.  11 . 

AS  OFTE.    To  soften. 

That  with  here  beemes,  -when  she  is  alofte, 
May  all  the  troubill  asuaye  and  asofte, 
Of  worldely  wawes  within  this  mortall  see. 

Lydgate,  MS.  Ashmole  39,  f.  3, 

ASONDRI.    Asunder;  separated.    (A.-S.) 

Ther  was  ferly  sorwe  and  sijt, 
When  thai  schuld  asondri  fare, 

Legend  of  Pope  Gregory,  p.  2. 
Asondry  were  thei  nevere, 
Na  moore  than  myn  hand  may 
Meve  withoute  my  fyngres. 

Piers  Ploughman,  p.  358. 

ASONKEN.    Sunk. 

Heom  self  asonTcen  in  ther-mit. 

W.  Mapes,  4pp.  p.  345. 

ASOON.    At  even.    North. 
ASOSHE.  Awry ;  aslant.  East  Palsgrave  says, 
"  as  one  weareth  his  bonnet."  Sometimes  spelt 
ashoshe.  SeeAswash. 
A-SOUND.   In  a  swoon. 

They  hang'd  their  heads,  they  drooped  down, 

A  word  they  could  not  speak : 
Robin  said,  Because  I  fell  a-sound, 

I  think  ye'll  do  the  like.          Ro&in  Hood,  i.  112. 
ASOURE.   "  Gumme  of  asoure"  is  mentioned  in 
a  medical  receipt  printed  in  Reliq.  Antiq. 
i.  53. 
ASOYLINGE.    Absolution. 

And  to  sywi  this  mansinge,  and  the  asoylinge  al  so, 
We  assigneth  the  bissop  of  Winchestre  ther-to, 

Rob.  Glow.  p.  502. 

ASOYNEDE.  Excused.  So  Hearne  explains  it. 
See  the  passage  in  Rob.  Glouc.  p.  539,  and 
Assoine.  It  is  translated  by  refutatus  in 
Prompt.  Parv.  and  made  synonymous  with 
refused. 

ASP.  A  kind  of  poplar.  The  word  is  still  in  use 
in  Herefordshire.  "  The  popler  or  aspe  tree, 
populus/'— Yocabula  Stanbrigii,  1615.  See 


Prompt.  Parv.  p.  15  ;  Florio,  in  v.  Brio$  and 

the  curious  enumeration  of  trees  in  Chaucer, 
Cant.  T.  2923. 
ASPARE.    To  spare.    (A.-N.) 

And  seyen  he  was  a  nygard 
That  no  good  myghte  aspare 
To  frend  ne  to  fremmed, 
The  fend  have  his  soule ! 

Piers  Ploughmant  p.  303. 

ASPAUD.    Astride.    North. 
ASPECCIOUN.     Sight. 

The  bryjte  sonne  in  herte  he  gan  to  colde, 
Inly  astonied  in  his  aspeccioun. 

Lydgate,  MS.  Soc.  Antiq.  134,  f.  2. 
ASPECHE.   A  serpent.    See  Cooperi  Thesaurus, 

in  v.  lynx. 

ASPECT.    This  word  was  almost  invariably  ac- 
cented on  the  last  syllable  in  the  time  of 
Shakespeare.     See  Farmer's  Essay,  ed.  1821, 
p.  34. 
ASPECTE.    Expectation. 

The  10.  of  Jun  I  was  discharged  from  bands  at  the 
assizes,  contrary  to  the  aspects  of  all  men. 

MS.  Athmole  206, 

ASPECYALL.    Especial. 

Yff  ye  love  a  damsell  vn  aspecyatt, 

And  thynke  on  here  to  do  costage ; 

When  sche  seyth  galantys  revell  yn  hall, 

Yn  here  hert  she  thynkys  owtrage. 

Reliq.  Antiq.  i.  29. 

Soo  that  they  may  too  thy  mercy  ateyne, 
At  thys  perlament  most  in  assepecialle. 

MS.  Cantab.  Ff.  i.  6,  f.  42. 

ASPEN-LEAF.    Metaphorically,  the  tongue. 

For  if  they  myghte  be  suffred  to  begin  ones  in  the 
congregacion  to  fal  in  disputing,  those  aspen-leaves 
of  theirs  would  never  leave  waggyng. 

Sir  T.  More's  WorKett  p.  769. 
ASPER.    A  kind  of  Turkish  coin.   Skinner. 
ASPERAUNCE.    Hope.    (A.-N.) 

Forthirir  Asperaunce,  and  many  one. 

Courts  of  Love,  1033. 
ASPERAUNT.    Bold.     (A.-N.) 

Hy  bennatheles  faire  and  wighth, 
And  gode,  and  engyneful  to  fighth, 
And  have  horses  avenaunt, 
To  hem  stalworthe  and  asperaunt. 

Ky»g  Alisaunder,  4871. 

ASPERE.    A  kind  of  hawk. 

There  3s  a  questyon  axed  whether  a  man  shall  call 
a  spare  hawk  or  a  spere  hawke,  or  an  aspere  hawke. 
The  Book  of  St.  Albany,  ed.  1810,  sig.  C.  in. 
ASPERLICHE.    Roughly. 

Strong  knight  he  was  hardi  and  snel, 
Ther  he  defended  him  asperliche. 

Gy  of  WarwiTce,  p.  84. 
ASPERLY.    Roughly.     See  Skelton's  Works, 
i.  205 ;  Boucher,  in  v.  Asprely. 
And  Alexander  with  his  ost  him  asperty  folovre&. 

MS.  Afhmole  44,  f.  40. 
ASPERNE.    To  spurn. 

It  was  prudente  pollecie  not  to  asperne  and  dis- 
deyne  the  lytle  small  powre  and  weakenes  of  the 
ennemye.  Hall,  Richard  III.  f.  28. 

ASPERSION.  A  sprinkling.  This  original  sense 
of  the  word  is  not  now  in  use.  See  the  Tempest, 
iv.  1 ;  TopselPs  Four-Footed  Beasts,  p.  8. 
Florio  writes  it  asperging,  in  v. 


ASP 


95 


ASS 


ASPET.     Sight ;  aspect. 

In  thyn  aspet  ben  alle  lichc, 

The  povere  men  and  eek  the  riche  ! 

Cower,  MS.  Soe.  Antiq.  134,  f.58. 

ASPHOD1L.    A  daffodil.     Florio  gives  it  as  the 

translation  oiheroino. 

ASPIDIS.    A  serpent;  an  aspis.    The  correct 
Latin  word  is  given  in  the  argument. 
A  serpent,  whiche  that  aspidis 
Is  clepid,  of  his  kynde  hath  this. 

Gower,  MS.  Soc.dntiq.  134,  f.41. 

ASPIE.  (1)  To  espie.  (A.-N.)  See  Chaucer, 
Cant.  T.  13521 ;  Gesta  Romanorum,  p.  201 ; 
Piers  Ploughman,  p.  350. 

The  pepyl  so  fast  to  hym  doth  falle, 

Be  prevy  menys,  as  we  aspye; 
jyf  he  precede,  son  sen  je  xalle 
That  oure  lawys  he  wyl  dystrye. 

Coventry  Mysteries,  p.  249. 

(2)  A  spy.    See  the  House  of  Fame,  ii.  196. 
Pilate  sent  oute  his  aspies, 
Sikirliche  bi  fele  sties.    MS.  Addit.  10036,  f.  22. 
I  -schal  sette  enemytees  bitwixe   thee  and   the 
womman,  and  bitwixe  thi  seed  and  Mr  seed ;  she 
shal  breke  thin  hed,  and  thou  schalt  sette  aspies  to 
hir  heele.  Wickliffe,  MS.  Bodl.  277. 

ASPILL.    A  rude  or  silly  clown.    Yorlcsh. 
ASPIOUR.    A  spy ;  a  scout. 

Also  that  thei  mowe  the  blether  loke,  and  the  betir 
wil  goo  and  come  when  they  ben  send  in  office  of 
aspiours'by  boldnesse  of  hir  swiftnesse. 

Vegecius,  MS.  Douce  291,  f.  12. 

ASPIRATION.    An  aspirate.     See  this  form  of 
the  word  in  the  French  Alphabet,  1615,  p.  22. 
ASPIREMENT.    Breathing. 

Ayre  is  the  thridde  of  elementis, 
Of  whos  kynde  his  aspirementis 
Taketh  every  livis  creature. 

Cower,  MS.  Soc.  Antiq.  134,  f.  194. 
ASPORTATION.     A   carrying    away.     Rider. 
Blackstone  uses  the  word.    See  Richardson, 
inv. 

ASPOSSCHALL.    Aspostolical. 
Ys  not  thys  a  wondurs  case, 
Thatt  this  yonge  chylde  soche  knolege  hase  ? 
Now  surely  he  hath  asposschall  grace. 

Presentation  in  the  Temple,  p.  84. 

ASPRE.    Rough;  sharp.    (A.-N.}    Rider  gives 

asperate  in  the  same  sense.    See  the  Halle  of 

John  Halle,  i.  530 ;  Chaucer's  Boethius,  p.  366. 

And  in  her  aspre  plainte  thus  she  seide. 

Ti-oilusand  Creseide,  iv.  827. 
ASPREAD.     Spread  out.    West.   See  Jennings' 

Dialects,  p.  156. 
ASPRENESSE.  Roughness. 

Of  whyche  soules,  quod  she,  I  trowe  that  some  ben 
tourmented  by  asprenesse  of  paine,  and  some  soules 
I  trowe  ben  exercysedby  a  purgynge  mekenesse,  but 
my  counsaile  nys  nat  to  determine  of  this  paine. 

Chaucer,  ed.  Urry,  p.  390. 

ASPRONGUN.    Sprung. 

This  kenred  is  aspyongun  late. 

Digby  Mysteries,  p.  118. 
ASPYEE.    Espial. 

But  alle  the  sley5te  of  his  tresone, 
Horestis  wiste  it  by  aspyee. 

Gower,  MS*  Soc*  Antiq.  134,  f.  98. 

A5PYRE.  To  inspire.  See  a  passage  from  Sir 
T.  More's  Workes, p.  927,  quoted  by  Stevenson, 
in  his  additions  to  Boucher. 


A-SQUARE.    At  a  distance. 

Yf  he  hym  myght  fynd,  he  nothyng  wold  hym  spare ; 

That  herd  the  Pardoner  weie,  and  held  hym  bettir 
a-square.  Urrtfs  Chaucer,  p.  599. 

The  Pardoner  myght  nat  ne  hym  nether  touch, 

But  held  hym  a-square  by  that  othir  side.  Ibid. 

ASQUINT.    Awry.    It  is  translated  by  obliquus 

in  Baret's  Alvearie,  1580,  inv.      Carr  says 

asquin  is  still  used  in  the  same  sense  in  Craven. 

See  Armin's  Nest  of  Ninnies,  p.  11;   Brit. 

Bibl.  ii.  334 ;  Florio,  in  v.  Cipiglidre;  Cotgrave, 

in  v.  Oeil 

The  world  still  looks  asquint,  and  I  deride 
His  purblind  judgment :  Grissil  is  my  bride. 

Patient  Grissel,  p,  15. 

ASS.  (1)  To  ask ;  to  command.  North. 
He  said  he  had  more  sorow  than  sho, 
And  assed  wat  was  best  to  do. 


Thou  speke  to  hym  wythe  wordes  heynde, 
So  that  he  let  my  people  pas 
To  wyldernes,  that  thay  may  weynde 
To  worshyp  me  as  I  wylle  asse. 

Towneley  Mysteries,  p.  58. 

(2)  Cooper,  in  his  Dictionaire,  in  v.  Asinus,  says, 
"  The  asse  waggeth  his  eares,  a  proverbe  ap- 
plied to  theim,  whiche,  although  they  lacke 
learnynge,  yet  will  they  babble  and  make  a 
countenaunce,  as  if  they  knewe  somewhat." 

(3)  Ashes.     North. 

36  honowre  jour  sepultonrs  curyousely  with  golde 
andsylver,  and  in  vesselle  made  of  precyout>e  stanes 
je  putt  the  asss  of  jour  bodys  whenne  thay  ere 
brynned.  MS.  Lincoln  A.  i.  17,  f.  34. 

AS  SACK.  An  old  custom  among  the  Welsh,  ac- 
cording to  Cowell,  whereby  a  person  accused 
of  a  crime  was  enabled  to  clear  himself  upon 
the  oaths  of  three  hundred  men.  See  his 
Interpreter,  1658. 

ASSAIES.  «  At  all  assaies,"  i.  e.  at  all  points, 
in  every  way,  at  all  hours.  Horio  has, 
"  Apidstra  armdto,  armed  at  all  assaies"  i. e. 
at  all  points,  or  "  a  tous  poynts,?  as  Palsgrave 
has  it,  f.  438.  See  Skelton's  Works,  i. 
239, 300. 

And  was  avauncyd  ther,  so  that  he 
Worshtpfully  levyd  there  all  his  daies, 
And  kept  a  good  howsehold  at  all  atsaie*. 

MS.  Laud.  41G,  f.  42. 
Shorten  thou  these  wicked  dales; 
Thinke  on  thine  oath  at  all  assaies. 

Drayton's  Hnrmnnie  of  the  Church,  1591. 

ASSAILE.    An  attack.    Malory  uses  this  word 
as  a  substantive  in  his  Morte  d' Arthur,  ii.  334. 
AS  SALVE.     To  salve ;  to  allay. 
Thus  I  procure  my  wo,  alas ! 

In  framing  him  his  joy, 
I  seeke  for  to  assatve  my  sore, 
I  breede  my  cheefe  annoy. 

Galfrido  and  Bernardo,  1570. 

AS S  ART.  According  to  Cowell,  assart  lands  are 
parts  of  forests  cleared  of  wood,  and  put  into 
a  state  of  cultivation,  for  which  rents  were  paid 
under  the  name  of  assart  rents.  It  is  also  a 
verb.  "  Assart,"  says  Blount,  "  is  taken  for 
an  offence  committed  in  the  forest  by  plucking 
up  those  woods  by  the  roots  that  are  thickets 
or  coverts  of  the  forest,  and  by  making  them 


ASS 


96 


ASS 


plain  as  arable  land."     See  also  Scatcherd's 
History  of  Morley,  p.  166. 
ASSASSINATE.    Assassination. 
What  hast  thou  done, 
To  make  this  barbarous  base  assassinate 
Upon  the  person  of  a  prince  ? 

Daniel's  Civil  Wars,  iii.  78. 

ASSATION.    Roasting.     (Lat.) 
ASSAULT.     The  expression  "to  go  assault"  is 
translated  by  the  Latin  word  catulio  in  Rider's 
Dictionarie,   1640.     The  phrase   occurs  in 
Cooper  and  Higins,  and  is  still  in  use. 

And  whanne  the  fixene  be  asmut  arid  goith  yn  hure 
lovei  and  sehe  secheth  the  dogge  fox,  she  cryeth  with 
an  hoos  voys,  as  a  wood  hound  doith. 

MS.  Budl.  546. 

ASSAUT.    An  assault.   (A.-N.)     It  is  still  used 
in  Shropshire  both  as  a  noun  and  a  verb.    Cf. 
Richard  Goer  de  Lion,  1900. 
And  by  assaut  he  wan  the  citee  after, 
And  rent  adoun  bothe  wall  and  sparre,  and  rafter. 
Chaucer,  Cant.  T.  991. 
AS  SAUTABLE.    Capable  of  being  taken. 

The  Enghshe  gunners  shot  so  well,  that  the  Walles 

of  the  toune  were  beaten  doune  and  rased  with  the 

ordinaunce,  insomuche  that  by  ix.  of  the  clocke  the 

toune  was  made  assailable.  Hall,  Henry  V11I.  f.  118. 

ASSAVE.     To  save. 

Ho  so  wole  is  soule  sauvi, 

He  as  mot  allinge  for-leose, 
And  ho  so  leost  is  soule,  he  assavez, 

Nou  may  ech  man  cheose.     MS.  Laud.  108,  f.  1. 
ASSAY.    (1)  Essay;  trial. 

After  asay,  then  may  56  wette ; 
Why  blame  56  me  withoute  offence  ? 

Ritson's  Ancient  Songs,  p.  103. 

(2)  To  try ;  to  prove ;  to  taste.  It  seems  to  be, 
essayed,  tried, proved,  in  the  following  passage : 

Thow  semyst  a  stalward  and  a  stronge, 

Asay  schall  thow  be.  Robin  Rood,  i.  90. 

(3)  A  tasting  of 'dishes  at  the  tables  of  high  per- 
sonages previously  to  the  repast.   S  ee  Assay er, 
and  Mono,  in  v.  Credenza. 

Kyng  Rychard  sate  downe  to  dyner,  and  was  served 
without  curtesie  or  assays  ;  he  muche  mervaylyng  at 
the  sodayiie  mutacion  of  the  thyng,  demaunded  of 
the  esquier  why  he  dyd  not  his  duety. 

Hall,  Henryir.f.U 

(4)  In  hunting,  to  take  the  assay,  is  to  draw  the 
knife  along  the  belly  of  the  deer,  beginning  at 
the  brisket,  to  discover  how  fat  he  is.  Accord- 
ing to  Gifford,  this  was  a  mere  ceremony :  the 
knife  was  put  into  the  hands  of  the  "  best 
person"  in  the  field,  and  drawn  lightly  down 
the  belly,  that  the  chief  huntsman  might  be 
entitled  to  his  fee.    See  Ben  Jonson's  Works, 
vi.  270. 

At  th'  assay  kytte  hym,  that  lordes  maye  se 
Anone  fatte  or  lene  whether  that  he  be. 

Book  of  St.  Albans,  ed.  1810,  sig.  E.  i. 

(5)  In  the  following  passage  it  appears  to  be  used 
in  a  peculiar  sense,  the  attempt,  the  moment 
of  doing  it. 

And  ryght  as  he  was  at  assays 
Hys  lykyng  vanyscht  all  awaye. 

Ls  Bone  Florence  of  Rome,  1500. 

(6)  Philpot  translates  contmtus  ea  doctrina  in 
Curio,  by  "  assayed  with  thilk  doctrine."   See 
his  Works,  p.  376. 


(7)  Trial ;  hence,  experience. 

Shorte  wytted  men  and  lyttell  of  zssaye,  saye  that 
Paradyse  is  longe  sayllynge  out  of  the  erthe  that  men 
dwelle  inne,  and  also  departeth  frome  the  erthe,  and 
is  as  hyghe  as  the  mone. 

Notes  to  Morte  a' 'Arthur,  p.  472. 

ASSAYER.  A  taster  in  palaces,  and  the  houses 
of  barons,  to  guard  against  poisoning. 
Thyn  assayar  schalle  be  an  hownde, 
To  assaye  thy  mete  before  the. 

HIS.  Cantab.  Ff.  ii.  38,  f.  241. 

ASSAYING.  A  musical  term.  Grassineau  ex- 
plains it,  "  a  flourishing  before  one  begins  to 
play,  to  try  if  the  instruments  be  in  tune ;  or, 
to  run  divisions  to  lead  one  into  the  piece  be- 
fore us."  See  his  Musical  Dictionary,  p.  6. 

ASSAYNE.  A  term  in  hare  hunting.  See  the 
Book  of  St.  Albans,  sig.  D.  iv. 

ASSBUURD.     A  box  for  ashes.    North. 

ASSCHELER.    Some  kind  of  weapon  ? 

That  kyllede  of  the  Cristen,  god  kepten  the  wallec 
With  arowes,  and  arblaste,  and  asschelers  manye. 
MS.  Cott.  CaUg.  A.  ii.  f.  117 

ASSCHEN.    Ashes. 

As  blan  as  asschen  hy  lay  op-rijt, 
The  Crois  to-fore  hire  stod. 

MS.  Coll.  Ti-in.  Oxon.  53 
ASSCHREINT.    Deceived.     (A.-S.) 

A  !  dame,  he  saide,  ich  was  asschrcint  t 
Ich  wende  thou  haddest  ben  adreint. 

Sevyn  Sages,  1483 

ASSCHYS.    Ashes.    See  Askes. 

Assuhys  I  eete  in-stede  of  brede. 
My  drynk  is  watyr  that  I  wepe. 

Blast's  Penitential  Psalms,  p.  32 

ASSE.  (1)  At  asse,  i.  e.  prepared? 

And  fond  our  men  alle  at  asse, 
That  the  Paieus  no  might  passe. 

Arthow  and  Jlfertin,  p.  278 

(2)  Hath.   MS.  Cantab.  Ff.  i.  6. 

ASSEASE.    To  cease.    Rider. 

ASSECURE.  To  make  certain  of;  to  make  safe 

And  so  hath  Henrie  assecur*d  that  side, 
And  therewithall  his  state  of  Gasconie. 

Daniel's  Ciril  Wars,  iv.  9 

ASSE-EARE.  The  herb  comfrey.     See  a  list  ol 

plants  in  the  Nomenclator,  1585,  p.  137. 
AS  SEER,    To  assure.     Yorfah. 
ASSEGE.    A  siege.    (A.-N.)      See  Chance*, 
Cant.  T.  10620 ;  Troilus  and  Creseide,  i.  465. 
It  is  used  as  a  verb  in  Holinshed,  Hist,  Engl. 
p.  44,  as  a  subst,  in  Hist.  Irel.  p.  51. 
The  sunne  by  that  was  nej  adoun, 
The  assege  thanne  thay  y-lafte. 

JLf£  Aiihmole  33,  f.  44. 
That  host  he  lefte  ate  Pavyllouns, 
The  assege  to  kepe  thare.  Ibid.  f.  47- 

ASSELE.  To  seal.  (A.-N.)  See  Gesta  Romano- 
rum,  pp.  64,  65, 134 ;  Boke  of  Curtasye,  p.  23. 
Withinne  and  withoute  loken  so, 
The  lokes  asseJed  with  seles  two. 

Cursor  Mundi,  MS.  Coll.  Trin.  Cantab,  f.  105 

ASSEMBLAUNCE.    Resemblance.    SMnner. 
ASSEMBLEABLE.    Likeness. 

Every  thinge  that  herithe  lyfe  desyreth  to  he  con- 
joynyd  to  his  awembleable  ;  and  every  man  shall  W 
assoeyate  to  his  owne  symylitude. 

Dial,  of  Creatures  Moralised,  p.  98 
ASSEMBLEMENT.    A  gathering. 


ASS 


ASS 


Whome  Oswold  mette  with  greate  assemblement 
In  battaile  strong  at  Hevenfeld,  as  God  would. 

H<IJ  dyng's  Chronicle,  f.  90. 
ASSEMYLET.    Assembled. 

Prayng  and  desyrmg  ther  the  comownes  of  Ing- 
lond,  be  vertu  of  thys  present  parlement  assemylet> 
to  comyne  the  seyd  mater,  and  to  gyff  therto  her 
assent.  MS.  Rot.  Harl.  C.  7» 

ASSENE.    Asses. 

3if  on  of  ouwer  assene  in  a  put  fulle  to  day, 
Nold  je  noujt  drawe  hire  op  for  the  feste  ? 

SIS.  Laud.  108,  f.  2. 

^SSENEL.    Arsenic.    Prompt.  Para. 
ASSENT.    (1)  Consenting;  agreeing. 

But  assent  with  hert  and  hool  credence, 
Having  therof  noon  ambiguyte. 

Lydgate,  MS.  AshmoleBQ,  f.  172. 
Medea,  whan  sche  was  assente, 
Come  sone  to  that  parlement. 

Gower,  MS.  Soc.  Antiq.  134,  f.  150. 

(2)  Consent;  agreement. 

When  ray  fadur  and  y  be  at  assente, 
Y  wylle  not  fayle  the  be  the  rode. 

MS.  Cantab.  Ff.  il.  38,  f.  64. 
The  wyfes  of  ful  highe  prudence 
Have  of  assent  made  ther  avow. 

Lyd gate's  Minor  Poems,  p.  134. 

(3)  Sent.    (.^.-S.)    See  Gower,  MS.  Soc.  Antiq. 
134,  f.  52,  assente,  where  some  copies  Lave 
as&nte.  Perhaps  we  should  read  as  sente,  i.  e. 
has  sent. 

ASSENTATION.    Flattery.  (Zatf.) 

Yet  hee,  making  relation  to  other  his  frendes 
what  I  had  done,  left  mee  not  quiet  till  theylikewyse 
had  seene  them,  whose  perswasion,  as  it  seemed  with- 
out any  suspition  of  assentation  or  flattery,  so  hath  it 
made  mee  bolder  at  this  present  then  before. 

Mirourfor  Magistrates,  p.  9. 

ASSENTATOR.    A  flatterer.  Elyot. 
ASSENTIATH.    Assent;  consent. 

Therfor  yf*  je  assentiafh  to, 
At  al  perils  wil  y  go.         MS.  Ashmole  33,  f,  46. 
ASSENTION.    Consent. 

Shew  me  thy  waste ;  then  let  me  there  withall, 
By  the  as&ention.  of  thy  lawn,  see  all. 

HerricTc's  Works,  i.  216. 

ASSENYCKE.  Arsenic.  Palsgrave  is  the  au- 
thority for  this  form  of  the  word. 

ASSEORE.  An  usher.  "  Sir  William  Martelle, 
the  Kynges  asseore"  is  mentioned  in  the  He- 
ralds' College  MS.  of  Robert  of  Gloucester, 
quoted  in  -Heame'.s  edition,  p.  462. 

ASSEPERSELIE.  The  chervil.  It  is  the  trans- 
lation of  dcutaria  in  the  Nomenclator,  1585, 
p.  131.  Cf.  Cotgrave,  in  v.  Cicutaire. 

ASSES-BRIDGE.  A  familiar  name  for  prop.  5, 
b.  i.  of  Euclid,  on  account  of  its  difficulty. 

ASSES-FOOT.  The  herb  coltsfoot.  Florio  gives 
it  as  the  translation  of  Camek'uca. 

ASSETH.    Sufficiently;  enough.  (A.-N.y  See 
Piers  Ploughman,  p.  362,  "  if  it  suffise  noght 
for  assetz"  where  some  editions  read  asseth. 
It  is  connected  with  the  term  assets,  still  in 
use.    Skinner  translates  it  assensw. 
Nevir  shall  make  his  richesse 
Asseth  unto  his  gredinesse. 

Rom.  of  the  Rose,  6600, 


ASSETTETII.     Assailed.  (A.-N.) 

And  yf  that  they  be  erroure  thus  contrevul, 
Araysean  oost  with  strengthcand  usassetteth. 

Soetitts,  MS.  Soc.  4nt\q.  134,  f.  286. 

ASSHE.    To  ask. 

Ryse  up,  he  sayde,  and  the  way  asahe 
To  Wyltoue  and  to  that  Abbas  Wultrud. 

Chron.  Vilndun.  p.  77- 

ASSHEARD.    A  keeper  of  asses.  Rider. 
ASSHOLE.    A  receptacle  for  ashes.    North. 
ASSIDUALLY.     Constantly. 

Gentle  sir,  though  I  am  assidually  used  to  com- 
plaints, yet  were  my  heart  contracted  into  tongue. 
The  Cyprian  ^cademie,  1647,  ii.  46. 

ASSIDUATE.  Constant;  continual.  See  Fa- 
byan,  as  quoted  by  Boucher  and  Richardson. 

ASSIDUE.  This  word,  according  to  Mr.  Hunter, 
is  in  common  use  in  Yorkshire  to  describe  a 
species  of  yellow  tinsel  much  used  by  the 
mummers  at  Christmas,  and  by  the  rustics  who 
accompany  the  plough  or  ploughman  in  its 
rounds  through  the  parish,  as  part  of  their  fan- 
tastical decoration.  It  is  used  in  the  cutlery 
manufacture  of  Hallamshire. 

ASSIL-TOOTH.  A  grinder,  situated  near  the 
axis  of  the  jaw.  North 

ASS1L-TREE.    An  axle-tree.    North. 

ASSIMULED.    Assimilated. 

No  prince  in  our  tyme  maie  to  your  hyghnes  be 
either  compared  or  assimuled.     Hall,  Henry  1 V.  f.  27. 

ASSINDE.  Assigned.  See  Collier's  Hist.  Dram. 
Poet.  i.  32. 

O  heavenly  gyft,  that  rules  the  mynd, 

Even  as  the  sterne  dothe  rule  the  shippe  ! 
O  musicke,  whom  the  Gods  amnde 

To  coraforte  manne,  whom  cares  -would  nippe ! 
Percy's  Reliquea,  p.  50. 

ASSINEGO.  A  Portuguese  word,  meaning  a 
young  ass.  Hence  applied  to  a  silly  fellow,  a 
fool.  Shakespeare  has  the  word  in  Troilus  and 
Cressida,  ii.  1,  and  it  is  not  unfrequently 
found  in  the  Elizabethan  writers  as  a  term  of 
reproach.  Ben  Jonson,  in  his  Expostulation 
with  Inigo  Jones,  makes  a  severe  pun  on  his 
name,  telling  him  he  was  an  oss-inigo  to  judge 
hy  his  ears. 

ASS1SE.  (1)  Place;  situation.  (A.-N.) 

There  ne  was  not  a  point  truely, 

That  it  has  in  his  right  assists. 

Rom.  of  the  Rose,  1237* 

Fare  now  forth  to  thibath  that  faire  is  kevered, 
For  it  is  geinli  greithed  in  a  god  asise. 

Will,  and  the  Werwolf,  p.  160. 
(2)  The  "  long  asise"  in  the  first  of  the  follow- 
ing passages  is  conjectured  by  Sir  \V.  Scott, 
to  be  a  term  of  chess  now  disused.  Tristrem 
is  playing  at  chess,  and  he  played  so  long  a 
time  "  the  long  asise,"  that  he  won  six  hawks, 
and  100J.  This,  I  apprehend,  is  the  correct 
meaning.  In  the  second  instance  the  same 
phrase  is  applied  to  a  measure  of  length,  in- 
stead of  a  measure  of  time.  See  also  Rom.  of 
the  Rose,  1392.  Skinner  makes  it  synonymout 
with  size. 

Now  bothe  her  wedde  lys, 

And  play  thai  bi-ginne; 
Y-gett  he  bath  the  long1  asiset 

And  endred  foeth  tber  inne.  Sir  Tristrem ,?» IJSt. 

7 


ASS 


08 


ASS 


He  felle  d^pe  or  he  myght  ryse, 

Thretty  fote  of  tonga  assyse. 

MS.  Cantab.  Ff.  ii.  38,  f.  i 
"We  have  another  instance  of  the  word  in  the 
same  sense  in  the  romance  of  Sir  Tryamour 
in  the  MS.  in  the  Cambridge  Public  Library. 
After  this  hero  has  cut  off  the  legs  of  the  giant 
Burlond,  he  tells  him  that  they  are  both  '*  at 
oon  assyse,"  i.  e,  of  the  same  length. 

A  lytulle  lower,  syr,  seyde  hee, 
And  let  us  smalle  go  wyth  thee  ; 
Now  are  we  bothe  at  oon  assyse  I 

MS.  Cantab.  Ff.  ii.  38,  f.  81 

(3)  Assizes.    Hence,  judgment. 

The  kyng  he  sende  word  ajeyn,  that  he  hadde  ys 

franchise 
In  ys  owne  court,  for  to  loke  domes  and  asise. 

Rob.  GIouc.  p.  53 
jow  to  teehe  God  hath  me  sent, 

His  lawys  of  lyrT  that  arn  fill  vryse ; 
Them  to  lern  be  dyligent, 
joure  soulys  may  thei  save  at  the  last  a&yse. 

Coventi-y  Mysteries^  p.  60. 

(4)  Commodities. 

Whan  ther  comes  marchaundise, 

With  corn,  wyn,  and  steil,  othir  other  wise, 

To  heore  lond  any  schip, 

To  house  they  woBith  anon  skyppe. 

Kyng  Alisaunder,  7074. 

(5)  Regulation;  established  custom.    SeeOcto- 
vian,  81,  where,  however,  Weber  interprets  it, 
"  situation,  rank-."     (A.-N.} 

Sire,  he  said,  bi  God  in  heven, 
Thiseboilouns  that  boilen  seven, 
Bitoknen  thine  seven  wise, 
That  han  i-wjrowt  ayen  t'he  assise. 

Sevyn  Sages,  2490. 

(6"1   To  settle-,  to  confirm;   to   choose.      See 
Chaucer,  ed.  Urry,  p,  541,    In  our  second  ex- 


. 

Two  cardinalis  he  hath  asrined, 
With  other  lordis  many  moo, 
That  with  his  doujter  schuldcn  goo. 

Cower,  MS.  Soc.  Antiq.  134,  f,  65. 
The  whiche  upon  his  hede  assysed 
He  bereth,  and  eke  there  ben  devised 
Upon  his  wombe  sterres  thre. 

Gotver,  ed.  1532,  f.  147- 

ASSISH.   Foolish.  Var.  dial  Florio  has,  "  Asi- 
ndggine,  assishnesse,  blockishncsse." 
Passe  not,  therfore,  though  Midas  prate, 
And  assishe  judgement  give. 

Galfrido  and  Bernardo,  1570. 

ASSKES.    Ashes. 

Y  wolde  suche  damsellys  yn  fyre  were  brent, 
That  the  auRet  with  the  wynde  awey  myght  fly. 
A0Zig.  Antiq.  i.  29. 

ASS-MANURE.    Manure  of  ashes.    North. 
ASSMAYHED.    Dismayed. 

Bot  he  stode  alle  (tssmayhed  as  sty  lie  as  ston. 

Ckwn.  Filodun.  p.  43. 

ASS-MIDDEN.    A  heap  of  ashes.    North. 
AS  SNOOK.    Under  the  fire-grate.     YbrM. 
ASSOBRE.    To  grow  sober  or  calm. 
Of  suche  a  drynke  as  I  coveyte, 
I  schulde  atsobre  and  fare  wel. 

Cower,  MS.  Soc.  Antiq,  134,  f.  178- 

ASSOIL.  To  soil.    So  explained  by  Richardson, 
in  a  passage  in  Beaumont  and  Fletcher.   Per- 


haps  we  may  read  assail.    I  mention  it  as  a 
mere  conjecture, 

ASSOILE.  (1)  To  absolve.   See  Lye's  additions 
to  Junius,  in  v.  Puttenham  has  it  as  a  substan* 
ti-ve,  meaning  confession.     See  Nares,  in  y, 
Assoile  ;  Langtoft's  Chronicle,  p.  209. 
And  so  to  ben  assoilled, 
Andsiththen  ben  houseled. 

Piers  PtouffJiman,  p.  413. 
God  bring  thaire  saules  untill  hisblis, 
And  God  a&soyl  thara  of  thaire  sin, 
For  the  gude  will  that  thai  war  in. 

Minofs  PoemSt  p.  12. 

(2)  To  solve  ;  to  answer.  (A.-N.} 

Caym,  come  fforthe  and  answere  me, 
Asoyle  my  qwestyon  anon-ryght. 

Coven  try  Mysteries,  p,  38. 

ASSOINE.    Excuse ;  delay.   (^-M)     See  Hit- 
son's  Ancient  Songs,  p.  21  ;  Kyn^  Alisaunder, 
1021.    Also  a  verb,  as  in  our  first  example. 
The  scholde  no  weder  me  assolne. 

Flor.  and  Blanch.  67. 
Therfore  hit  hijte  Babiloyne, 
That  shend  thing  is  withouten  aysoi/ne. 

Cursor  Mundi,  MS.  Coll.  Trin.  Cantab,  f.  15 

ASSOMON.  To  summon.    See  Morte  d' Arthur 
i.  228,  275,  278  ;  ii.  406;   Brit.  Bibl.  i.  67. 
That  is  wel  said,  quod  Philobone,  indede, 
But  were  ye  not  assomoned  to  appere 
By  Mercurius,  for  that  is  al  my  drede  ? 

Court  of  Love,  370. 

ASSORTS.    An  assembly.    (A.-N.)    "  By  one 
assorte"  in  one  company. 
I  wole  you  tech  a  newe  play ; 
Sitte  down  here  by  one  assorts, 
And  better  myrthe  never  ye  saye. 

MS,  Douce  175,  p.  40. 

ASSOTE.    To  dote  on.  (A.-N-)  This  word  is  a 
favourite  with  Gower.     See  Morte  d' Arthur, 
i.  90,  ii.  65, 161  j  Cot  grave,  in  v.  Bon;  Florio; 
in  v.  Iwpazs&re;  Chaucer,  ed.  Unyt  p.  428. 
This  wyfe,  whiche  in  her  lustes  grene, 
Was  fayre  and  fres&he  and  tender  of  age, 
She  may  not  let  the  courage 
Of  hym,  that  wol  on  her  assote. 

Cower,  ed.  1532,  f.  12 
So  besillche  upon  the  note 
They  herken,  and  in  suche  wise  asmte, 
That  they  here  ryjt  cource  and  wey 
Forjete,  and  to  here  ere  obeye. 

Cower,  MS.  S'jc.  Antiq,  134,  f.  41 

ASSOWE.    In  a  swoon. 

Hurre  modur  adoun  asaotve  dudde  fall, 
For  sorwe  he  myjt  wepe  no  more. 

Chron.  niodnn.  p.  56. 
ASS-PLUM.    Florio  has  "  dainine,  a  kinde  of 

asse-plum  or  horse-plum." 
ASS-RIDDLIN.    In  Yorkshire,  on  the  eve  of 
St.  Mark,  the  ashes  are  riddled  or  sifted  on  the 
hearth.    It  is  said  that  if  any  of  the  family  die 
within  the  year,  the  shoe  of  the  fated  person 
will  be  impressed  on  the  ashes. 
ASSUBJUGATE.    To  subjugate. 

Wor  by  my  will  astubjugate  his  merit. 

Truilw  and  O-essMa,  5?.  3» 

ASSUE.  A  term  applied  to  a  cow  when  drained 
of  her  milk  at  the  ssasonof  calving.  Somerset. 
Generally  pronounced  azew,  as  in  the  Dorset 
dialect 


AST 


99 


AST 


A.SSUEDLY.    Consecutively  ? 

As  ille  men  dus  day  and  nyght  that  es  assuedly  in 
wele  and  wa.  MS.  Coll.  Eton.  10,  f.  2. 

ASSUMP.    Raised. 

The  saied  bishoppe,  now  beyng  Cardinal,  was 
assoyled  of  his  bishopricke  of  Wyn  Chester,  where- 
upon he  sued  unto  our  holy  father  to  have  a  bulle 
declaratory,  notwithstanding  he  was  assump  to  the 
state  of  cardinall,  that  the  sea  was  not  voyde. 

Haft,  Henry  VI.  f.  61. 

ASSURANCE.  Affiance ;  betrothing  for  mar- 
riage. See  Pembroke's  Arcadia,  p.  1 7,  quoted 
by  Nares. 

ASSURDED.  Broke  forth.  Prom  Sourd. 
Then  he  assurded  into  this  exclamacyon 
Unto  Diana,  the  goddes  inmortall. 

Skelton's  Works,  i,  374. 
ASSURE.  (1)  To  confide.    (A.-N.) 

Therefore,  as  frendfulliche  in  me  assure, 
And  tell  me  platte  what  is  thine  encheson. 

Troilus  and  Creseide,  i.  681  • 

(2)  To  affiance ;  to  betroth. 

There  lovely  Amoret,  that  was  assured 
To  lusty  Perigot,  bleeds  out  her  life, 
Forc'd  by  some  iron  hand  and  fatal  knife. 

Beaumont  and  Fletcher,  ii.  107. 

(3)  Assurance. 

Redy  ef te  to  profre  a  newe  assure 

For  to  ben  trewe,  and  mercy  me  to  prey. 

Chaucer,  ed.  Urry,  p.  432. 

ASSUREDLYEST.     Safest. 

A  great  number  of  commons,  all  chosen  men,  with 

speres  on  foote,  whiche  were  the  most  assuredlyest 

hamesed  that  hath  bene  sene. 

Hall,  Henry  VIII.  f.  42. 
AS-SWYTHE.    Quickly.     This  word  generally 

ought  to  be  divided;  yet  Robert  de  Brunne. 

is  MS.  H>       701,  seems  occasionally  to  use 

it  as  one  word. 
ASSYGGE.    A  hunting  term. 

Ye  shull  say,  illeosque,  itteosgue,  alwey  whan  they 
fynde  wele  of  hym,  and  then  ye  shul  keste  out 
as&ygge  al  abowte  the  feld  for  to  se  where  he  be  go 
out  of  the  pasture,  or  ellis  to  his  foorme. 

Reliq.  Antiq.  i.  153. 
ASSYNED.    Joined. 

Now,  by  my  trouth,  to  speke  my  mynde, 
Syns  they  be  so  loth  to  be  assyned. 

Playe  called  the  Fours  PP. 

ASSYNG.    To  assign. 

Go  thy  way  and  make  thi  curse, 

As  I  shall  assyng  the  by  myn  advysse. 

Digby  Mysteries,  p.  41. 

AST.  Asked.  North.  Cf.  Towneley  Myst.  p.  200. 
The  seet  scho  aste  for  hir  sonnes  myght  hir  thynk 
wele  sett.  MS.  Lincoln  A.  i.  17,  f.  231. 

The  bisschop  ast  in  quat  stid 
He'  shuld  this  kirke  gere  make. 

MS.  Cantab.  Ff.v.48,  f.?9. 

ASTA.    Hast  thou.    This  form  of  the  word  is 
given  in  the  Clavis  to  the  Yorkshire  Dialogue, 
p.  90.     Astow  is  common  in  interrogative 
clauses  in  old  English. 
ASTABILISHE.    To  establish. 

I  shall  at  all  tymes  and  in  all  places,  whansooever 
I  shalbe  called  uppon,  be  redye  and  glad  to  con- 
ferme,  ratefie,  and  astabilishe  this  mydeyd,pm-pos, 
rnynd,  and  intent,  as  shalbe  devised  by  the  krned 
counsell  of  the  kynges  said  highnes. 

s Monattic  Letter*,  p.  154. 


ASTABLE.     To  confirm. 

Luth cries,  the  Pope  of  Rome, 
He  astabled  swithe  sone 
Godes  werkes  for  to  worche. 

MS.  Cantab,  Ff.  v.  48, f.  ftj 
ASTANT.     Standing. 

The  might  him  se  astant  the  by.  Rembrun,  p.  479. 

ASTAROTH.   This  name,  as  given  to  one  of  the 
devils,  occurs  in  a  curious  list  of  actors  in 
Jubinal's  Myst.  Ined.  ii.  9.     See  Towneley 
Mysteries,  p.  246;  Piers  Ploughman,  p.  393. 
ASTAT.     State ;  estate ;  dignity. 
Whan  he  Is  set  in  his  astat, 
Thre  thevys  bebroutof  synful  gyse. 

Coventry  Mysteries,  p.  12. 
ASTAUNCHE.    To  satisfy. 

And  castethe  one  to  chese  to  hir  delite, 
That  may  better  astauncJie  hir  appetite. 

Lydgate's  Minor  Poems,  p.  30. 

ASTE.     As  if ;  although.    It  is  the  translation 
of  acsi  in  an  early  gloss,  in  Reliq.  Antiq.  i.  8. 
Undir  ilc  post  thay  layden, 
Aste  the  clercus  hemselven  sayden, 
Four  yven  leves  togydir  knyt, 
For  to  proven  of  his  wit.  MS.  Cantab.  Dd.  i.  17. 

ASTEDE.  Stood.  (A.-S.}  So  explained  by 
Hearne,  in  Gloss,  te  Rob.  Glouc.  p.  305,  where 
we  should  probably  read  an  a  stede,  i.  e.  in  a 
place. 

ASTEEPING.     Steeping ;  soaking. 
There  we  lay'd  asteeping, 
Our  eyes  in  endless  weeping.  FZetcfter. 

ASTEER.  Active:  bustling;  stirring  abroad. 
North.  See  the  Craven.  Dialect,  ii.  359. 

ASTELLABRE.    An  astrolabe. 

With  him  his  astettdbre  he  nom, 
Whiche  was  of  fyn  golde  precious. 

Cower,  MS.  Soc.  Antiq.  134,  f.  388; 

ASTELY.    Hastily. 

Or  els,  Jesu,  y  aske  the  reyd 
Astely  that  y  wer  deyd.  SirAtnadas,  390. 

ASTEMYNGE.    Esteeming. 

But  the  duke,  litle  astemynge such  a  defect,  quick- 
lye  after  persuaded  the  kynge  to  take  syr  Rycharde 
agayne  to  his  favour.  Archaologia,  xxii,  226. 

ASTENTE.  Stopped.  (A-S.)  See  Wright's 
Pol.  Songs,  p.  342 ;  Will,  and  the  Werwolf, 
p.  56. 

And  or  thay  come  to  Mantrible 

Nevere  thay  ne  ustente.  MS.  Aslimole  33,  f.15. 

And  thou  that  madest  hit  so  touj, 

Al  thi  bost  is  sone  a-sti»t. 

Append,  to  W.  Mapes,  p.  341, 
ASTER.   Easter.   North.    Mr.  HartsTiorne  gives 
tfcis  form  of  the  word  as  current  in  Shropshire. 
Cf.  Audelay's  Poems,  p.  41. 

And  thus  this  aster  lomb  apered. 

Chron.  Vilodun.  p.  88. 

ASTERDE.    To  escape.    (A.-S.) 

Tho  wiste  he  wel  the  kyngis  herte, 
That  he  the  deth  ne  schulde  asterde. 

Gotaer,  MS.  Soc.  Antiq.  134,  f.'59. 
ASTERED.    Disturbed.-    (A.-S.)    In  the  fol- 
lowing  passage/    the    Lincoln    MS.   reads 
stirred.    Verstegan  has  astvred. 

For  all  here  michel  pryde, 
•  ^Pfee  stout  man  was  catered. 
'  Sir  Dtgrevan  te,  Caml,  M£ 


AST  100 

ASTERISM.    A  constellation.    Miege. 
ASTERLAGOUR.    An  astrolabe. 

His  alraagiste,  and'bokis  grete  and  smale, 

His  asterlagow,  longing  for  his  art, 

His  augrim-stonis  lying  feire  apart. 

Chaucer,  ed.  Uny,  p.  25. 

ASTERT.  (1)  To  escape.  (A.-S.)     See  Hawkinsr 

,    Engl.  Dram,  i.  9 ;  Lydgate's  Minor  Poems, 

p.  183;  Gower,  ed.  1532,  f.  70;   Chaucer, 

Cant.  T.  1597, 6550 ;  Piers  Ploughman,  p.  225 ; 

Digby  Mysteries,  p.  8. 

Of  wiche  the  course  my5te  not  asterte 
Philototes,  that  was  the  more  experte. 


AST 


Ther  schalle  no  worldis  good  asterte 
His  honde,  and  jit  he  jeveth  almesse. 

Cower,  MS.  Soc.  Antiq.  134,  f.  42. 
The  to  love  make  me  so  expert, 
That  helle  peynes  I  mot  astert. 

MS.  Harl.  2406,  f.  85. 

(2)  Hence,  to  release.    (A.-S.} 

And  smale  titheres  weren  foule  y-shent, 
If  any  persone  wold  upon  hem  plaine, 
Ther  might  astert  hem  no  peounial  peine. 

Chaucer,  Cant.  T.  6896. 

(3)  To  alarm ;  to  take  unawares. 

No  danger  there  the  shepherd  can  astert. 

Spenser's  Eel.  Nov.  187. 
ASTEYNTE.    Attainted. 

What  dostow  here,  unwrast  gome  ? 
For  thyn  harm  thou  art  hider  y-come  ! 
He !  fyle  -asteynta  horesone ! 
To  mis  lo  was  aythy  wone.  Kyng  Alisaunder,  880. 
ASTIEGNUNG.    Ascension.     Verstegan. 
ASTIGE.     To  ascend;    to    mount    upwards. 

TT j. 


ASTINT.    Stunned.    (A.-S.} 

With  so  noble  swerdes  dent, 
That  hem  astint  verrament. 

Arthour  and  Merlin,  p.  309. 
ASTIPULATE.    To  bargain ;  to  stipulate.   Hall. 
ASTIRE.  (1)  The  hearth.    See  Astre. 
Bad  her  take  the  pot  that  sod  over  the  fire, 
And  set  it  aboove  upon  the  tutire. 

Utterson'x  Pop.  Poet.  ii.  78. 
(2)  To  stir ;  to  move.     Versteyan. 
ASTIRTE.     Started;  leapt. 

Astirte  til  him  with  his  rippe, 
And  bigan  the  fish  to  kippe.  Havelob,  893. 

ASTITE.    Anon;  quickly.    This  word  is  found 
in  the  North  Country  Vocabularies  of  Ray  and 
Thoresby.    ,Cf.  Torrent  of  Portugal,  p.  28. 
Ful  richeliche  he  gan  him  schrede, 
And  lepe  astite  opon  a  stede ; 
For  nothing  he  nold  abide. 

Amis  and  AmUown,  1046. 

ASTIUNE.  A  precious  stone. 

Ther  is  saphir,  and  uniune, 
Carbuncle  and  attiune, 
Smaragde,  lugre,  and  prassiune. 

Cocaygne*  ap.  Warton,  i.  9. 

ASTOD.     Stood.     See  Chron.  of  England,  62 ; 
Reliq.  Antiq.  i.  101. 

Sum  he  smot  opon  the  hode, 
At  the  girdel  the  swerd  astode. 

Gy  of  Warwifte,  p.  47. 

A-STOGG'D.    Haying  one's  feet  stuck  fast  into 

clay  or  dirt.    Dorset. 
ASTOND.     To  withstand.    See  Wright's  Poli- 


tical Songs,  p.  338 ;  Gy  of  Warwike,  pp.  1, 47; 
Rob.  Glouc.  p.  20 

Thou  ssalt  have  tl  i  wil  of  al  Egipte  londe, 
Ssal  iievere  no  man  thine  heste  a&tonde. 

MS.   Bodl.  652,  f.  4. 
So  korven  and  hewen  with  mani  hond, 
That  non  armour  might  hem  astond. 

Arthour  and  Merlin,  p.  328 
ASTONE.     Confounded. 

He  dradde  him  of  his  owen  sone, 
That  maketh  him  wel  the  more  astone, 

Gower,  MS.  Soc.  Antiq.  134,  f .  187. 
ASTONED.  (1)  Confounded;  astonished.  As- 
tonied  is  very  common  in  early  writers,  and 
is  also  found  in  the  Scriptures,  Dan.  v  9,  &c. 
Florio  in  v.  Aggriccidre,  has  the  verb  to  astony, 
to  confound.  See  Troilus  and  Creseide,  i. 
274.  Urry  has  also  astoined. 

This  soden  cas  this  man  astoned  so, 
That  red  he  wex,  abaist,  and  al  quaking 
He  stood,  uuuethes  said  he  wordes  mo. 

Cfiaitcer,  Cant.  T.  8192 
(2)  Stunned.     (A.-S.) 

Vor  her  hors  were  al  astoned,  and  nolde  after  wylle 
Sywe  nother  spore  ne  brydel,  ac  stode  ther  al  stylle, 
Rob.  Clone,  p.  396. 
ASTONISH.    To  stun  with  a  blow. 

Enough,  captain :  you  have  astonished  him. 

Henry  V.  v.  1, 

ASTONNE.    To  confound. 

It  doth  in  halfe  an  howre  astonnc  the  taker  so, 

And  mastreth  all  his  sences,  that  he  feeleth  weale 

nor  woe.  Romeus  and  Juliet,  p.  64. 

Suerly  these  be  examples  of  more  vehemencie 

than  mans  tong  can  expresse,  to  fear  and  astonne  such 

evyl  personesas  wyl  notleve  one  houre  vacant  from 

doyng  and  exercysing  crueltie,  mischiefe,  or  out- 

ragious  lyvyng.  Hall,  Richard  III.  f.  34. 

A-STOODED.    Sunk  fast  into  the  ground,  as  a 

waggon.     Dorset. 

ASTOPARD.     Some  kind  of  animal  ? 
Of  Ethiope  he  was  y-bore, 

Of  the  kind  of  astopards  ; 
He  had  tuskes  like  a  boar, 
An  head  like  a  libbard. 

Elites  Met.  Rom.  ii.  390, 
AS  TORE.  To  provide  with  stores ;  to  keep  up ; 
to  replenish  ;  to  restore.  See  Prompt.  Parv. 
pp.  16, 262. ;  Rob.  Glouc.  pp.  18, 107, 212, 229, 
268.  It  is  used  somewhat  differently  in  Kyng 
AJisaunder,  2025,  and  the  Sevyn  Sages,  956, 
explained  by  Weber,  "  together,  in  a  heap,  nu- 
merous, plentiful ;"  but  I  am  informed  by  Dr. 
Merriman  that  lie  has  heard  it  used  in  Wilt- 
shire as  a  kind  of  expletive,  thus,  "  She's  gone 
into  the  street  astore"  This  of  course  differs 
from  the  Irish  word. 

At  cit6,  borwe,  and  castel, 
Thai  were  astored  «withe  wel. 

Arthour  and  Merlin,  p.  90. 
But  as  the  ampte,  to  eschewe  ydelnesse, 
In  somer  is  so  ful  of  besinesse, 
Or  wynter  come  to  safe  here  from  coolde, 
She  to-foren  astored  hath  here  holde. 

MS.  Digby  230. 

That  on  he  gaf  to  a»tore  the  lijt 
Off  seint  Petur  the  apostille  brijt. 

MS.  Cantab.  Ff.  v.  48,  f.99« 


AST 


101 


AST 


ASTOUND.    To  astonish  greatly.     Var.  dial 

Till  at  the  last  he  heard  a  dreadfull  sownd, 

Which  through  the  wood  loud  bellowing  did  rebownd, 

That  all  the  earth  foi  terror  seemd  to  shake, 

And  trees  did  tremble.     Th'elfe,  therewith  astotvnd, 

Upstarted  lightly  from  his  looser  make. 

The  Faerie  Queene,  I.  vii.  7- 

ASTOYNYN.  To  shake;  to  bruise.  Prompt. Parv. 
ASTRADDLE.    To  straddle.    Skinner. 
ASTRAGALS.    A  kind  of  game,  somewhat  like 

coclcall.    See  a  curious  account  of  it  in  MS. 

Ashmole  788,  f.  162.    Blount  has  astragalize, 

"  to  play  at  dice,  huckle-bones,  or  tables."  See 

his  Glossographia,  p.  59. 
ASTRAL.     Starry. 

This  latter  sort  of  infidels  have  often  admitted 
those  matters  of  fact,  which  we  Christians  call  mi- 
racles, and  yet  have  endeavoured  to  solve  them  by 
astral  operations,  and  other  ways  not  here  to  be  spe- 
cified. Boyle's  Works,  v.  161. 
ASTRAMYEN.     An   astronomer.     Astromyen 
is  the  form  of  the  word  in  Kyng  Alisaunder, 
136 ;  and  Chaucer,  in  his  tract  on  the  astro- 
labe, has  astrologienj  for  an  astrologer. 
Hyt  was  a  gode  astramyen 
That  on  the  mone  kowthe  seen. 

MS.  Hurl.  2320,  f.  31. 

ASTRANGLED.  Strangled.  See  Will,  and  the 
Werwolf,  p.  6. 

For  neigh  hy  weren  bothe  for  thurst 
Astr angled,  and  ek  for-prest. 

Kyng  dlisaunder,  5099. 
To  nijht  thou  schalt  i-wis 
In  strongue  dethe  cstrangled, 
And  wiende  to  the  pine  of  helle. 

MS.  Laud.  108,  f.  166. 

ASTRA  LIGHT.    Distracted ;  terrified. 

At  her  syght  he  was  so  astraught,  that  of  his  own 
mynde  unrequested,  he  made  peace  with  the  Massi- 
]jens,  Goldyng*s  Justine,  f.  179. 

ASTRAUNGED.  Estranged.  Udal  This  and 
the  last  word  are  taken  from  Richardson. 

ASTRAY.    A  stray  animal.    Prompt.  Parv. 

ASTRAYLY.  Astray.  It  is  translated  by  polar 
lunde  in  Prompt.  Parv.  p.  16. 

ASTRE.  (1)  A  star.  (Fr.)  Steevens  says  this 
word  is  only  to  be  met  with  in  Southern's 
Diana,  1580.  See  Shakespeare,  vii.  184.  Mr. 
Boswell  quotes  another  instance  in  Montgo- 
mery's Poems,  ed.  1821,  p.  164.  See  also  Ja- 
mieson  in  v.  Florio  translates  Stella,  "  a 
starre,  or  any  of  the  celestiall  bodies  that  give 
light  unto  the  world ;  also  an  aster,  a  planet." 

(2)  A  hearth.  "  The  astre  orharth  of  a  chim- 
ney," MS.  Harl.  1129,  f.  7.  Lambarde,  in  his 
Perambulation  of  Kent,  ed.  1596,  p,  562,  says 
that  this  word  was  in  his  time  nearly  obsolete  in 
Kent,  but  that  it  was  retained  in  "  Shropshire 
and  other  parts."  See  Astire. 

ASTRELABRE.  An  astroiaoe.  (A-N.)  See 
Chaucer,  Cant.  T.  3209. 1  have  already  quoted 
the  passage  from  Urry,  in  v.  Asterlagour. 

ASTRENGTHY.    To  strengthen. 

And  bygan  to  ctstrengthy  ys  court,  and  to  eche  ys 
maynye,  Rob.  Glouc.  p.  180. 

ASTRETCHYN.  To  reach.  It  is  translated  by 
tttfago  in  the  Prompt.  Parv;  pp.  14, 16,  99. 


His  hyje  vertu  astreccl&th 
With  bokis  of  his  ornat  enditycge. 
Occleve,  MS.  Soc.  Antiq. 

ASTREYNYD.    Constrained. 

He  is  astreynyd  to  the  thinge  that  contenys  and 
to  that  thing  that  is  contenyd ;  and  he  is  also  <z«- 
treynyd  to  the  thinge  that  halo w is,  and  to  that  thinge 
that  is  halowid.  MS.  Egerton  842,  f.  177. 

ASTREYT.   Straight. 

Forsothe  he  clansyt  the  ly vere  aryt, 
And  alie  themembrysbenethe  astreyt. 

Heliq.  Antiq.  i.  190. 

ASTRICTED.    Restricted. 

As  fier  being  enclosed  in  a  straite  place  wil  by  force 
utter  his  flamme,  and  as  the  course  of  water  districted 
and  letted  will  flowe  and  brust  out  in  continuance  of 
time.  Hall,  Heni-y  VI.  f.  90. 

ASTRID.  .Inclined.    Suffolk. 
ASTRIDGE.   An  ostrich. 

He  make  thee  eate  yron  like  an  astridge,  and  swal- 
low my  sword  like  a  great  pinne. 

The  Fifst  Part  of  the  Contention,  15.04, 

ASTRIDLANDS.  Astride.  North.  See  Ray's 
English  Words,  in  v.  Umstrid. 

ASTRINGE.    To  bind ;  to  compel.  (Lot.) 

Albeit  your  Highnes,  having  an  honorable  place, 
be  named  as  one  of  the  principal  contraheutes,  yet 
neverthelesse  your  grace  is  not  atfrii/ged  or  boundcn 
to  any  charge  or  other  thing.  State  Papers,  i.  11& 

ASTRINGE R.  "  Enter  a  gentle  a&tringer"  is  a 
stage  direction  in  All's  Well  that  ends  Weil, 
v.  1.  Steevens  says  "  a  gentle  astringer"  is  a 
"  gentleman  falconer/3  and  gives  a  reference  to 
CoweD  that  requires  verification. 

ASTRIPOTENT.    The  ruler  of  the  stars.  (Lat.) 

The  high  aatrlpotent  auctor  of  alle. 

MS,  Harl.  2251,  f.  7Q. 
ASTROD.    Stradling.    Somerset. 
ASTROIE.    To  destroy. 

And  aspie  hern  bi  tropic, 
And  so  fond  hem  to  astroie. 

Arthow  and  Merlin,  p.  250. 

ASTROIT.  A  kind  of  precious  (?)  stone.  Minsheu. 
Sometimes  called  the  star-stone.  Brome,  in 
his  Travels  over  England,  p.  12,  mentions  find- 
ing many  of  them  atLassington,  co.  Gloucester, 
and  gives  a  particular  account  of  their  nature. 

ASTROLOGY.  A  herb  mentioned  by  Palsgrave, 
f.  18,  and  by  Gower,  MS.  Soc.  Antiq.  134, 
f.  201.  It  is  perhaps  the  same  with  the  arisf  u- 
logii)  two  species  of  which  are  mentioned  iu  an 
old  poem  in  Archaeologia,  xxx.  386. 

ASTRONOMER.  An  astrologer.  This  sense  of 
the  term  is  usual  with  our  early  writers.  See 
Minot's  Poems,  p.  85, 

A  learn'd  astronomer,  great  magician, 
Who  lives  hard-by  retir'd. 

Beaumont  and  Fletcher,  i.  150. 
ASTRONOMIEN.    Astrologer. 
Which e  was  an  astronomien, 
And  eek  a  gret  magicien. 

Gower,  MS.  Soc.  Antiq.  134,  f.  146. 

ASTROPHELL.  A  bitter  herb ;  probably  star- 
wort,  according  to  Nares. 
My  little  flock,  whom  earst  I  lov'd  so  well, 

And  wont  to  feed  with  finest  grasse  that  grew* 
Feede  ye  henceforth  on  bitter  attrajltll, 
And  stinting  smallage  and  ansaverie  rue. 

Spent.  Daphn,  3ii 


AST 


102 


ASY 


ASTRO UT.  This  word  is  still  used  in  Somerset- 
shire, explained  by  Mr.  Norris,  MS.  Glossary, 
"  in  a  stiff,  projecting  posture,  as  when  the 
fingers  are  kept  out  stiff."  Sir  Thomas  More, 
"Workes,  p.  98,  applies  it  to  C-stomach  swelled 
"by  gluttony,  "  What  good  can  the  great  glo- 
ton  do  with  his  bely  standing  astrote  like  a 
taber."  In  Prompt.  Parv.  p.  16,  "  a-struf 
is  translated  by  turgide  ;  and  Palmer  says  it  is 
used  in  the  north-east  of  Devon  in  the  sense  of 
astride.  The  word  occurs  in  the  first  sense  in 
a  curious  poem  in  the  Auchinleck  MS.  printed 
in  Wright's  Political  Songs,  p.  336  ;  and  "the 
following  example  is  taken  from  another  copy 
in  the  Bodleian  Library,  unknown  to  Mr. 
Wright,  which  is  valuable  as  completing  his 
imperfect  one.  Cowper  has  astrut,  as  quoted 
by  Richardson. 

Now  Godis  soule  is  al  day  suore, 

The  knyf  schal  stonde  a-stroutj 
And  thow  his  botes  be  to-tore, 
jit  he  wil  mak  it  stout. 

MS.  BodL  48,  f.  327- 

The  marynere  that  wolde  have  layne  hur  by, 
Hys  yen  stode  owte  astrote  for- thy, 
Hys  lymmes  were  roton  hym  froo. 

Le  Bone  Florence  of  Rome,  2029. 
He  gafe  hym  swylke  a  clowte, 
That  bothe  his  eghne  stode  one  strowte. 

Sir  Iswribras,  Lincoln  MS. 

ASTRUCTIVE.    This  word  is  used  by  Bishop 
Hall,  and  opposed  by  him  to  destructive.   See 
Richardson,  in  v. 
ASTRYVYD.    Distracted. 

Beryn  and  his  company  stood  all  astryvyd. 

History  of  Beryn,  2429. 

ASTUNED.  Stunned.  SeeDrayton'sPolyolbion, 
ed.  1753,  p.  1011 ;  and  Astonne. 
He  frust  doun  at  o  dent, 
That  hors  and  man  astuned  lay. 

Artfiour  and  Merlin,  p.  233. 

ASTUNTE.    Stood ;  remained. 

The  barons  astunte  withoute  toun  biside, 

And  vaire  sende  into  the  toun  to  the  king  hor 

sonde, 
That  he  ssolde,  vor  Godes  love,  him  bet  under-  f 

stonde, 

And  graunte  horn  the  gode  lawes,  and  habbe  pit^ 
of  is  lond.  Rob.  Glouc.  p.  546. 

The  other  astunte  and  unnethe  abod, 
He  ne  mijhte  no  othur  for  schame. 

MS.  Laud.  108,  f.  173, 
ASTUTE.    Crafty.     Minskeu. 
ASTWARD.     Eastward. 

*    And  in  a  schlp  we  duden  us  sone, 

And  astward  evere  kenden, 
In  the  se  of  occean, 
As  ore  Loverd  is  grace  us  sende*. 

MS.  Laud.  108,  f.  104. 
ASTY.    Rather;  as  soon  as.    North.    This  is 

perhaps  connected  with  astet  q.  v. 
ASTYE.    To  ascend. 

Alfred  and  Seynt  Edwarde,  lastehli  gonne  astye 
Thoru  the  due  of  Normandye,  that  her  uncle  was. 
Rob.  Glouc.  p.  317. 
ASTYFLED.    Lamed  in  the  leg. 

Somtyme  an  hound  is  yvele  astyfled,  so  that  he 
shal  Bomtyme  abyde  half  a  jeer  or  more,  or  he  be 
wel  feme,  M$,  BodL  546f 


ASTYL.  A  thin  board  or  lath.  See  Prompt. 
Parv.  p.  16,  explained  from  the  Anglo-Norman 
"  a  piece  of  a  wooden  log  cleft  for  burning." 
Phillips  has  axicle  in  the  same  sense,  so  that 
the  word  may  come  originally  from  the  Lat. 
axiculus. 

ASUNDERLY.  Separately.  It  is  translated  by 
disjunctim,  separation,  and  divisim,  in  the 
Prompt.  Parv.  p.  16. 

ASUNDRI.    Apart.     See  Gesta  Romanorum, 
pp.  14,  67,  164 ;  Prompt.  Parv.  p.  16. 
In  this  world,  bi  Seyn  Jon, 
So  wise  a  man  is  thernon, 
Aswndri  schuld  hem  knawe. 

Amis  and  Amiloun,  2052. 

AS  WARE.     On  one  side. 

Hym  had  bin  beter  to  have  goon  more  asware, 
For  the  egg  of  the  pann  met  with  his  shynne, 
And  karff  atoo  a  veyn,  and  the  next  syn. 

Chaucer,  ed.  Urry,  p.  5,00, 

ASWASH.  Cotgrave  has,  "  Ckamarre,  a  loose 
and  light  gowne,  that  may  be  worue  a$wash 
or  skarfewise." 

ASWELT.    To  become  extinguished.    (A.-S.} 
Ac  sot  and  snow  cometh  out  of  holes, 
And  brennyng  fuyr,  and  glowyng  coles ; 
That  theo  snow  for  the  fuyr  no  malt, 
No  the  fuyr  for  theo  snow  aswelt. 

Kytiff  Aiisaundcr,  GG3J). 

ASWEVED.    Stupified,  as  in  a  dream.  (A.-S.) 
For  so  astonied  and  asweved 
Was  every  virtue  in  me  heved, 
What  with  his  sours,  and  with  my  dr«?d, 
That  al  my  felinge  gau  to  ded. 

The  House  of  Fame,  ii.  41. 

AS-WHO-SAIETH.     A    not    unfrequent  ex- 
pression in  our  early  poetiy,  equivalent  to,— 
as  one  may  say,  as  the  saying  is.    See  Dyce's 
notes  to  Skelton,  p.  86. 
ASWIN.    Obliquely.    North. 
ASWOGH.     In  a  swoon.     (4.-S.) 
A&wogh  he  fell  adoun 
An  hys  hynder  arsoun.    Lybeam  Diaconvs,  11 71. 

ASWOUNE.   In  a  swoon.  See  Chaucer,  Cant.  T, 
3826,  10788 ;  Gy  of  Warwike,  p.  17  ;  Legend 
of  Pope  Gregory,  p.  48;  Rom.  of  the  Rose,1804. 
He  ferd  as  he  wer  mat  j 
Adoun  he  fel  aswoune  with  that. 

Gy  of  Wartotiee,  p.  18. 

ASWOWE.    In  a  swoon.     See  Amogh  ;  Laun- 
fal,  755  ;  MS.  Cantab.  Ef.  i.  6,  f.  51. 
The  king  binethen,  the  stede  aboue, 
For  sothe  sir  Arthour  was  aswowe. 

Arthour  and  Merlin*  p.  123. 
And  whanne  the  mydwyf  hurde  that, 
Zhe  felle  a-sioowe  thar  zhe  sat.  MS.  Douce  230,  f ,  23. 
A-SYDEN-HANDE.    On  one  side. 

Hut  he  toke  nat  his  ground  so  even  in  the  front 
afore  them  as  he  wold  have  don  yf  he  might  better 
have  sene  them,  butt  somewhate  a-syden-hande, 
where  he  disposed  all  his  people  in  good  arraye  all 
that  nyght.  Arrival  of  King  Edward  IV.  p.  !«.. 

ASYGHE.    To  essay. 

Now  let  seo  gef  ony  ig  so  hardy 
That  durste  hit  him  atyghe.  Kyng  ^foawmfer,  3870, 
ASYNED.    Assigned ;  appointed. 
And  jemen  of  the  crowne  also, 
That  were  asyned  wy  th  hym  to  go. 

»  Arch&ot,gia,  xxi.  73* 


ATA 


103 


ATB 


AT.  (1)  That.  North.  See  Sevyn  Sages,  3824; 
Perceval  of  Galles,  150,  524;  Towneley  Mys- 
teries, pp.  2,  87  ;  Robson's  Met.  Horn.  p.  7  ; 
Ywaine  and  Gawin,  486. 

It  es  fully  my  eonsaile  that  thou  recounselle  agayne 
unto  the  my  lady  my  moder  Olympias,  and  at  thou 
grefe  the  nathynge  at  the  dede  of  Lesias,  ne  take 
na  hevynes  to  the  therfore.  MS.Lincoln  A.  i.  17,  f«  26. 

(2)  To.     Constantly  used  as  a  prefix  to  the  verb 
,by  early  English  writers.     See  Ywaine  and 

Gawin,  812,  2344. 

Ga  hethene  away  fra  me,  quod  he,  for  thou  canne 
say  noghte  to  mee,  ne  I  hafe  noghte  at  do  with  the. 
MS.  Lincoln  A.  1. 17,  f.  1. 
That  es  at  say,  with  golde  and  ensence. 
And  myre  that  they  oflferde  in  thi  presence. 

MS.  Lincoln  A.i.17,  f.  190. 

(3)  To.    "  This  roal  nil  be  daingerus  jist  now,  if 
a  dunna  doa  sommat  at  it."     Var.  dial. 

(4)  Eat. 

No  hadde  thai  no  wines  wat, 

No  ale  that  was  old, 
No  no  gode  mete  thai  at, 

Thai  hadden  al  that  thai  wold. 

Sir  Ti-istrem,  p.  2G9. 

(5)  Who ;  which.    North. 

(6)  Of.   North. 

Seryppe  and  burden  can  he  take, 
And  toke  leve  at  hys  wyfe. 

MS.  Cantab.  Ff.ii.38,  f.122. 
He  tuke  his  leve  at  the  daye 
At  Mildor  the  faire  maye. 

Sir  Degreuante,  Lincoln  MS. 

That   same    houre     herly    at     morne,     Marie 

Maudeleyne  and  hir  two  sisters  asked  leve  at  oure 

Lady,  and  went  with  theire  oynementes   to   the 

sepulcre.  MS.  Lincoln  A.  i.  17,  f. 166. 

(7)  To  attack ;  to  accost.    A  common  elliptical 
form  of  the  expression  to  be  #£,  or  to  get  at. 
Also,  to  contend  with  or  take  in  a  game  or 
otherwise. 

(8)  For. 

At  this  cause  the  knyjt  comiyche  hade 
In  the  more  half  of  his  schelde  hir  ymage  depaynted. 
Syr  Gawayne,  p.  25. 
ATACHE.     To  seize. 

And  seyde,  we  atache  yow  y-wysse, 
For  ye  schalle  telle  us  what  he  ys. 

MS.  Cantab.  Ff.  ii.  38,  f.  133. 
AT- AFTER.    After;  afterwards.     North.     See 
Chaucer,    Cant.   T.  10616,    11531;    Morte 
d'Arthur,  ii.  220.    It  is  an  adverb  and  prep. 

I  trust  to  see  you  ait-after  Estur, 
As  conning  as  I  that  am  your  master. 

MS.  Ratal.  C.  258. 

ATAKE.  To  overtake.  (A.-S.^)  See  Amis  and 
Amiloun,  2070;  Chaucer,  Cant.  T.  16024. 
Sometimes  it  stands  for  the  part.  pa.  Atdk&i, 
as  in  Chaucer,  Cant.  T.  6966,  and  our  two  last 
examples. 

He  turned  his  stede  and  gan  to  fle, 

And  Gij  after  him,  bi  mi  leuU ; 

Gode  was  the  hors  that  Gwichard  rod  on, 

And  so  fast  his  stede  gan  gon. 

That  Gij  might  him  nought  atnltes 

Therfore  he  gan  sorwe  make.  Gy  of  Warwike,  p.  52. 

And  seyde,  ha  !  now  thou  art  a-taJce, 

That  thou  thy  werke  rnyjte  uoajt  forsake. 

Gower,  MS.  Sae.  Antiq.  134,  f.  166. 

And  nojt  for  that  a/  goth  so  fast, 

That  Richard  ys  a-take  ate  last.    MS  A&hmole  48, 


AT-ALL.  The  cry  of  a  gamester  full  of  cash  and 
spirit,  meaning  that  he  will  play  for  any  sums 
the  company  may  choose  to  risk  against  him. 
See  Massinger,  iv.  78. 

AT-ALLE.  Entirely;  altogether.  SeeLydgate's 
Minor  Poems,  p.  29 ;  Chaucer,  Cant.  T.  8921, 
9098. 

The  kynge  knew  the  burgeyse  at  atte ; 
Anone  to  hym  he  lette  hym  calle.     Ipomydont13G9. 

AT-ALL-POINTS .  In  every  particular,  a  phrase 
applied  to  a  person  well  and  entirely  armed. 
See  instances  in  Beaumont  and  Fletcher, 
iv.  7 ;  Morte  d'Arthur,  i.  344,  ii  19.  At-cdl. 
rights  is  a  similar  expression,  of  which  see  in- 
stances in  Chaucer,  Cant.  T.  2102;  Sir 
Perceval,  1139.  See  At-ryghttez. 

ATAME.     To  tame.     (A.-S.)     See  Skelton's 
Works,  i.  135,  211 ;  Deposition  of  Richard  II. 
p.  15  ;  Chester  Plays,  i.  124 ;  Gy  of  Warwike, 
p.  316 ;  and  Aflame. 
And  saide,  thou  cursed  Sarasyne, 
Thy  proude  pride  shall  be  atamed, 
By  God  and  by  Seinte  Qwyntyne.  MS.  Douce  175,  p.32. 

ATANUNE.    Afternoon.    Suffolk. 

AT-A-POINT.   This  phrase  is  explained  resolute 
by  Rider.    In  the  second  example  it  appa- 
rently means  at  a  stoppage. 
Old  Siward,  with  ten  thousand  warlike  men, 
All  ready  at  a  point,  was  setting  forth.    Macbeth,  iv.  3. 
Now  let   us  speake  of  the   Erie  of   Warwickes 
doynges,  whiche  muste  nedes  play  a  pagiaunt  In 
this  enterlude,  or  els  the  plaie  were  at  a  point. 

Hall,  Edward  IV.  f.  15, 

ATARN.    To  mn  away ;  to  escape.    (A.-S.') 
Manie  flowe  to  churche,  and  the  constable  unrtethe 
Atarnde  alive,  and  manie  were  i-brojt  to  dethe. 

Rob.  Glow.  p.  539. 
ATASTE.     To  taste.     See  the  corresponding 
passage  in  MS.  Soc.  Antiq.  134rf.  6,  andDigby 
Mysteries,  p.  190. 

Ye  shullen  ataste  bothe  thowe  and  shee 
Of  thilke  water,  to  speke  in  wordes  fewe, 
By  God  ordeyned  trouthes  for  to  shewe. 

Lydgate,  MS.  JthmoleZQ,  f.  44. 
ATAUNT.     So  much.    See  Digby  Mysteries, 
p.  192.  (A.-N.) 

Whan  that  Bachus,  the  myghti  lorde, 

And  Juno  eke,  both  by  one  accorde, 

Had  sette  a-broche  of  myghti  wyue  a  tone, 

And  afterwardys  into  the  brayn  ran 

Of  Colyn  Blobolle,  whan  he  had  dronke  atawit 

Both  of  Teynt  and  of  wyne  Alycaunt, 

Till  he  was  drounke  as  any  swyne. 

Colyne  Blowbull,  MS.  Rawl.  C.  06 
And  he  is  a  foole  that  yevithe  also  credence 

To  newe  rumours  and  every  foIUsshe  fable, 
A  dronken  foole  that  sparithe  for  no  dispence 
To  drynk  ataunt  til  he  slepe  at  table. 

Lydgate' a  Minor  Poems,  p.  167 

ATAVITE.    Ancestral. 

But  trulie  this  boldnes,  not  myne  owne  nature,  hath 
taught  mee,  but  your  nature,  generositie  prognate, 
and  come  from  your  aftzptteprogenitours. 

Ellis'*  Literary  Letters,  p.  75. 
ATAXY.   Disorder;  irregularity.    (Gr.} 
AT-BAR.    Bore  away. 

A  wonder  thing  he  sey  him  thar, 
A  wolf  his  other  child  at-bar.     MS.  Digby  8G,  f.  123 
AT-BLEWE.   Blew  with  bellows. 


ATE 


104 


ATH 


The  tourmentours  at-  llewe  at  hyme ; 

Criste  for-schope  thame  bothe  lythe  and  lyme ! 

MS.  Lincoln  A.  i.  17>  f*  328. 

A.T-BB.EST.    To  burst  in  pieces. 

His  hert  aght  ar  at-brest  in  thrin, 
Arfra  Ms  comamentes  tuin. 

MS.  Cott.  Vespas.  A.  iii.  f.  54. 
ATCHEKED.    Cloaked.    Skinner. 
ATCHISON.    A  billon  coin,  or  rather  copper 
washed  with  silver,  struck  in  the  reign  of 
James  VI.,  of  the  value  of  eight  pennies  Scots, 
or  two  thirds  of  an  English  penny.     See 
Jamieson,  in  v. 

I  care  nut  atx  they  war  all  drown/d  i'  th*  dike, 
They're  nut  worth  an  atchison*  nor  twenty  sike. 

Yorkshire  Dialogue,  p.  57. 

ATCHORN.     An  acorn.    Var.  dial    We  have 

also  ate/horning,  picking  up  acorns. 
ATE.   (1)  To  eat.  West,    See  Jennings,?.  115. 
(2)  At  the. 

And  with  a  god  staf.  ful  sket, 

His  wif  ate  dore  ne  bet.       Sevyn  Sages,  2296. 
ATE  GAR.    A  kind  of  lance. '  Junius.     (4.-S.) 
ATEIGN.    To  accomplish. 

Ne  hope  I  noght  he  wil  him  feign, 

That  he  ne  sal  Cairn  dede  atcign. 

MS.  Cott.  Vespas.  A.  iii.  f.  8. 

ATEINTE.    To  give  a  colouring  to.    (^.-JV.) 
Nai,  do-wter,  for  God  above ! 
Old  men  ben  felle  and  queinte, 
And  wikkede  wrenches  coime  attfnte. 
Misdo  nowt,  doughter,  "but  do  bi  rede  ! 

Sevt/n  Sages,  1756. 
ATEL.    Beckoned ;  counted.     (A.-S.) 

The  kyng  tnoru  ys  conseyl  encented  wel  her  to, 
And  god  ostage  of  nom,  the  truage  vor  to  do  ; 
And  atel  al  her  god,  and  let  him  al  bar  wende. 

Rob.  Glouc,  p.  171. 

ATELICH.    Foul;  corrupt.     (A.-S.) 
The  bodi  ther  hit  lay  on  bere, 
An  atelich  thing  as  hit  was  on. 

Append,  to  W.  Mapes,  p.  343. 
Tho  cam  thare  out  a  luther  wyjt 
Ful  atelich  ate  laste.  MS.  Laud,  108,  f.  107- 

A  scharp  face  he  hadde,  and  al  for-kroked, 
His  berd  atelich  and  long.  /&«?.  108,  f.  159. 

ATENES.  At  once.  See  Chaucer,  ed.  Urry, 
p.  32.  This  is  merely  another  form  of  Attones, 
q.v. 

ATENT.  An  object;  an  intention.   SeeOctovian, 
104  ;  Sir  Amadas,  372  ;  Joachim  and  Anne, 
p.  149  ;  Cov.  Myst.  p.  4 ;  Syr  Gowghter,  617. 
Hymselfe  ys  in  gode  atente, 
For  every  man  ys  hys  freiide. 

MS.  Cantab.  Ff.  ii.  38,  f.  79. 
A  richelettre  scho  hym  sent, 
Eftyr  hir  lordis  commandment, 
And  talde  hym  alle  hir  atent. 

Sir  Degrevante,  Lincoln  MS. 
ATEON.     To  make  angry.  (^.-S.) 
The  kyng  wes  ateoned  stronge 
That  Corineus  astod  so  longe. 

Chronicle  of  England,  61. 
Gogmagog  was  atened  strong 
That  on  mon  him  stode  so  long. 

Ibid.  MS.  Cantab.  Ff.  v.  48,  f.  93. 
He  was  atened  of  his  enemy.  MS.^ahmole  33,  f.2. 

(1)  After.  Var.  dial.  It  may,  however, 
be  a  mere  error  of  the  scribe  in  the  following 
example : 


And  atyr  this  his  modir  dide  aryse, 
And  lyf  te  him  UP  sof  tely  into  the  stall*. 

Lydgate,  MS.  Sw.  Antiq.  134,  f.  10. 
(2)  Attire. 

Everich  man  of  ich  mester 
Hem  riden  ogain  with  fair  ater. 

Arthow  and  Merlin,  p.  132, 
ATER-NOON.     Afternoon.     Somerset. 
ATERST.    In  earnest.  Phillips.  Coles  explains 

it  indeed. 

ATEYNT.     Fatigued;  worn  out.     (A.-N.}      ' 
In  the  hete  they  wer  almost  ateynt, 
And  in  the  smoke  nygh  adreynt. 

Richard  Coer  de  Lion,  CI31. 

ATEYNTE.  (1")  Convicted;  attainted.  See 
Amis  and  Amiloun,  849;  History  of  Beryn, 

2673. 

Yn  feyre  wurdys  and  yn  qeynte, 
Wyth  pryde  are  swych  men  ateynte. 

MS.  Harl.  1701,  f.  21 

(2)  To  reach ;  to  get  possession  of. 

She  seid,  Thomas,  let  them  stand, 
Or  ellis  the  feend  wille  the  ateynte. 

MS.  Cantab.  Ff.  v.  48,  f.  118. 
AT-GO.    Expended;  gone. 

Wor  his  spending  wes  al  at-go, 
Wel  evene  he  hit  oundernom. 

MS.  Digty  85,  f.  124. 
Whet  may  I  sugge  bote  wolawo  I 
When  mi  lif  is  me  at-go. 

Wright's  Lyric  Poeti-y,  p.  74. 

AT-GOHT.    Is  expended. 

Ther  ich  wes  luef,  icham  ful  loht, 
Ant  alle  myn  godes  me  at-goht. 

Wright's  Lyric  Poetry,  p.  48. 

ATH.  (1)  An  oath.  (4.-S.)  See  Ywaine  and 
Gavrin,  2264 ;  Sir  Degrevante,  MS.  Lincoln, 
210 ;  Reliq.  Antiq.  i.  126. 

1  hafe,  quod  he,  made  athe  to  Darius,  that,  whils 
he  leffez,  I  schalle  never  bere  armes  agaynes  hyme ; 
and  therfore  I  ne  may  nojte  do  agaynes  myne  athe. 
MS.  Lincoln  A.  i.  17,  f.  5 
O  pride  bicums  thrones  o  thrett, 
Hething,  threp,  and  ftthes  grett. 

MS.  Cott.  Vcspas.  A.  iii.  f.  153. 

(2)  Each. 

Thai  token  ath  tulke ; 
The  roglre  raggi  sculke 
Rug  ham  in  helle  ! 

Wright's  Pol.  Songs,  p  29& 

(3)  Hath. 

Vorst  ych  wulle  therynne  do  me  sulf,  vor  ryjt  yt  ys, 
And  vorst  asayle  then  falsekyng,  and  bringe  hym  to  joke, 
That  the  gret  oth  that  he  suor,  so  vyllyehecztf*  to-broke, 
/io6.  Giouc.  p,  453. 

AT-HALST.  Withholdest.  Hob.  Glouc. 
AT-HAND.  "At  hand,  quoth  pick-purse,"  an 
old  proverb  introduced  in  1  Henry  IV.  ii.  1, 
and  several  writers  of  Shakespeare's  time.  It 
is  a  familiar  exclamation  in  answer  to  any 
summons. 

ATHANOR,   A  digesting  furnace,  calculated  for 
the  retention  of  heat. 
I  have  another  work  you  never  saw,  son, 
That  three  days  since  past  the  philosopher's  wheel, 
In  the  lent  heat  of  athanor*     The  Alchemist,  ii.  !• 
And  se  thy  fornace  be  apt  therfore, 
Whych  wyse  men  do  call  athenor. 

Mhmole's  Theat,  Chem.  Brit.  p.  149, 


ATH 


105 


ATL 


ATHEL.  Noble.  (^.-£)  See  Wright's  Lyric 
Poetry,  p.  33 ;  Black's  Cat.  of  Ashmole's  MSS. 
p.  68. 

Hit  watz  Ennias  the  atliel,  and  his  high  kynde. 

Syr  Gawayne,  p.  3. 
Alexander  the  athill,  be  allurs  acorde. 

MS.Ashnu>le&tf.'Ll. 

AT-HELD.  To  keep;  to  retain.  Cf.  Rob.  Glouc. 
p.  62. 

This  clerkes  of  whom  ich  teld, 
With  the  king  weren  at-held, 

Arthour  and  Berlin,  p.  24. 
He  him  might  no  lenge  at-held. 

Gy  of  WanvzJce,  p,  60. 

ATHELE.  This  word  is  translated  by  natura  in 

MS.  Harl.  219. 
ATHELISTE.    Most  noble. 

Thane  Syr  Arthurs  one  erthe,  atheliste  of  othere, 
At  evene  at  hisawene  bordeavantid  his  lordez. 

Morte  Arthur e,  MS.  Lincoln,  f.  70. 

ATHENE 0.     Stretched  out.     Versteqan. 

ATHENYNG.  Extension.  (A.-S.)  See  a  piece 
by  Lydgate,  printed  at  the  end  of  the  Chronicle 
of  London,  p.  237.  We  have  already  had  the 
passage  from  another  copy,  in  v.  Arenyn^, 
which  is  probably  a  corrupt  reading. 

A.THEOUS'.    Atheistical. 

It  is  an  ignorant  conceit  that  inquiry  into  nature 
should  make  men  atheous:  no  man  is  so  apt  to  see 
the  star  of  Christ  as  a  diligent  disciple  of  philosophy. 

Bishop  Hall. 

ATHER.  Either.  Yorfoh.  See  Hartshorne's 
Met.  Tales,  p.  100. 

At  ather  ende  he  castes  a  cope 

Layde  downe  on  borde,  the  endys  plyed  up. 

BoTte  of  Curtasye,  p.  28. 

A-THES-HALF.  On  this  side  of.    See  the  quo- 
tation from  Robert  of  Gloucester,  in  v.  Anether. 
ATHILLEYDAY.    The  rule  of  an  astrolabe. 

Seeke  the  ground  meete  for  your  purpose,  and  then 
take  an  astrolobe,  and  hang  that  upon  your  thombe 
by  the  ring,  and  then  turne  the  athilleyday  or  rule 
with  the  sights  up  and  downe,  untill  that  you  doo  see 
the  marke.  Bourne's  Inventions  or  Devises,  1578. 

ATHIN.    Within.     Somerset. 
ATHINKEN.  To  repent;  to  grieve.  (A.-S.}   See 
Troilus  and  Creseide,  i.  1051,  v.  878. 
Soore  it  me  a-thyriketh 
For  the  dede  that  I  have  doon. 

Piers  Ploughman,  p.  374. 
A-THIS-SIDE.  On  this  side;  betwixt  now  and— . 

e.  g.  "  a  this  side  Christmas,"   Var.  dial. 
ATHOG.    As  though. 

I  schall  ley  cm  hym,  athog  I  wode  were, 
With  thys  same  womanly  geyre. 

Sharp's  Diss.  on  Cov.  Myst.  p.  111. 

ATHOLDE.    To  withhold.    See  Hartshorne's 
Met.  Tales,  p.  96 ;  Rob.  Glouc.  p.  62. 
For-thi  Satanas  the  holde 
The  soule  wille  atholde.       MS  Eigby  86,  f.  128. 

ATHOUT,    Without.     West. 
ATHRANG.    In  a  throng. 
Alle  weore  dryven  athrangt 

Ten  myle  they  yeode  alang.     Kyng  AIisaundert  3409. 
A-THRE.  In  three  parts.  See  Chaucer,  Cant.  T. 
2936;  LegendaeCatholicae,p.l28;  Rob. Glouc. 
p.  23 ;  Chaucer,  ed.  Urry,  p.  22. 
The  halvedel  thenne  athreo 
Wei  he  bi§ette  theo,     Chron,  of  England,  515, 


ATHREP.  With  torture;  cruelly.  (A.-S.)     Mr. 
Conybeare  gives  no  explanation  of  this  word. 

Bisydes  stondeth  a  feondes  trume, 
And  waiteth  hwenne  the  saules  cume ; 
Heo  hire  awarieth  al  athrep, 
Also  wulves  doth  the  seep. 

Conybeare's  Octavian,  p.  57 

ATHRINED.     Touched.     Verstegan. 

A-THRISTETH.     Thrust ;  push ;  hurry  on. 

Rennynge  houndes  hunteth  yn  dyverse  maneres, 
for  some  foleweth  the  hert  faste  at  the  bygynnynge, 
and  a-thristeth  a  hert  at  the  firste,  for  rhei  goith  light- 
lych  and  faste.  MS.  Bvdl.  546, 

ATHROTED.    Throttled;  choked. 

And  if  thou  wolt  algates  with  superfl.uitie  of  riches 
be  athroted,  thou  shalt  hasteliche  be  anoied,  or  els 
evili  at  ese.  Testament  of  Love,  p.  4M3. 

A-THROUGH.    Entirely. 

A-throitgh  they  ordeyned  gode  and  fyne, 
Hys  body  and  bones  to  berye  theryn. 

MS.  Cantab.  Ff,  li.  36,  f.  216. 
ATHRUST.    Athirst;  thirsty. 
An  huswyfe  of  trust, 
Whan  she  is  athrust, 
Suche  a  webbe  can  spyn, 

Her  thryft  is  full  thyn.     Skelton's  Woi  Its,  i.  103. 
ATHURT.  Athwart;  across.  West.  It  is  some- 
times used  in  the  sense  of  a  short  cut,  and 
frequently  also  by  sailors,  with  the  channel 
understood,  e.  g.  "  He's  gone  athurt." 
ATHVERTYSYD.    Advertised;  informed. 

Yt  shall  please  yow  to  be  athvertn&jd  that  here  ys 
an  abbey  callyd  Inghara  in  Norfolke,  not  fare  frome 
Seynt  Benettes  abbey  e. 

Wrighf s  Monastic  Letter*,  p.  86. 

ATHYT.    Perhaps  this  ought  to  be,  at  Jiyt. 
No  storing  of  pasture,  with  baggedg-ly  tyt, 
With  ragged,  with  aged,  and  evelathyt. 

Tusser,ed..l573,f.U. 

A-TILT.    At  a  tilt.     Also,  as  a  verb.     See  the 

quotations  given  by  Richardson,  in  v. 
ATIRE.   To  prepare;  to  fit  out.    (A.-N.) 

What  dos  the  kyng  of  France  ?  off  res  him  gode  navie 
Tille  Inglond,  o  chance  to  Wynne  it  with  maistrie. 

Peter  Lartfftnft,  p.  20/. 
Atired  ther  wendyng  toward  the  Marche  right  sone. 

Ibid.  p.  240, 
ATISFEMENT.    Ornament.   (A.-N.) 

A  pavilion  of  honour,  with  riche  ati&fement, 
To  serve  an  emperour  at  a  parlement. 

Peter  Langtoft,  p.  152. 

ATITLED.   Called;  entitled. 

But  jit  here  sterris  bothe  two, 
Satorne  and  Jubiter  also, 
They  have,  alle-thouje  they  be  to  blame, 
^titled  to  here  owen  name. 

Cower,  MS.  Soc.  Antiq.  134,  f.  133. 
This  Aries,  on  of  the  twelfe, 
Hath  Marche  attitled  for  himselve.    Kid.  f.  190. 
The  twelve  monthis  of  the  jere 
AttitleA  undir  the  power 

Of  these  twelve  signis  stonde.  /bid.  f.  199, 

ATLED.     Arrayed.    See^y/. 

Hire  teht  aren  white  ase  bon  of  whal, 

Evene  set  ant  athd  al.  Wrighfs  I^HcPofifcy,  p.  35. 

AT-LOWE.   Below. 

And  truly,  syrs,  looke  that  ye  trow 
That  othere  lord  is  none  at-loive, 
Bothe  man  and  beest  to  hym  shalle  bowe. 

In  towns  and  feyld.    Totoneley  Mytteries,  p.  131^ 


ATR 


106 


ATT 


ATO.    In  two.    See  Atwo. 
To  the  stifles  he  yede, 

And  eveii  ato  hem  schare.      Sir  Tristrem,  p.  159. 

ATOIC    Took;  seized. 

Al  that  Fortiger  atolt, 

He  let  to-drawe  and  ari-hong. 

Arthvw  and  Merlin,  p.  18. 

ATOM.    At  home.    Mome  is  still  common  in 
the  provinces. 
And  the  Normans  ne  couthe  speke  tho  bote  her 

owe  speche, 

And  speke  French  as  dude  atom,  and  here  chyldren 
dude  al-so  teche.  Rob.  Clone,  p.  364. 

ATOMY.  (1)  An  atom.  See  Romeo  andJuliet,i.4. 
To  tell  thee  truth,  not  wonders,  for  no  eye 
Sees  thee  but  stands  amazed,  and  would  turn 
His  crystal  humour  into  atomies 
Ever  to  play  about  thee. 

Beaumont  and  Fletcher,  iv.  283. 

(2)  A  skeleton.    North.    Shakespeare  has  the 

word  in  2  Henry  IV.  v.  4. 
AT-ON.    United ;  agreed.     See  Lay  le  Frame, 
279-320 ;  Prompt.  Parv.  p.  6 ;  Faerie  Queene, 
II.  i.  29;  Reliq.  Antiq.  i.  167. 
Thou  hase  ours  gude  mene  slane, 
I  rede  je  be  at-ana 

Or  thare  dy  any  ma.  Sir  Degievaiite,  Lincoln  MS. 
In  that  maner  they  are  at-on. 

MS.  Cantab.  Ff .  il.  38,  f.  120. 
ATONE.   To  reconcile ;  to  agree.  See  Beaumont 
and  Fletcher,  i.  141 ;  Webster's  Works,  i.  73 ; 
As  You  Like  It,  v.  4.    This  verb  is  evidently 
formed  from  at  one.      Shakespeare,  Merry 
Wives  of  Windsor,  i.  1,  has  atonement  in  the 
sense  of  reconciliation,  agreement. 
ATOP.    On  the  top ;  upon.    It  is  generally  ac- 
companied by  of  or  on;  e.  g.  "I  saw  Mr.  Brown 
atop  of  his  new  horse  yesterday."    Var.  dial. 
ATORN.  (1)  To  run  away. 

Tho  Water  Tyrel  y-sey  that  he  was  ded,  anon 
He  atornde  as  vaste  as  he  myjte ;  that  was  hys  best 
won.  Rob.  Clouc.  p.  419. 

(2)  In  turn  ?  A  turn  ? 

Thou  hast  y-dremed  of  venesone* 

Thou  mostest  drynke  atom.    MS.  Ashmole  33,  f.  4. 

(3)  Broken.   Hants. 
ATORNE.    Attorney.    (A.-N.} 

The  same  manere  jit  doth  he, 

That  is  a  fals  atom&  MS.  BodL  48,  f ,  160. 

ATORRYTE.  Authority.  This  form  of  the  word 
occurs  in  some  verses  scribbled  in  MS.  Bodl. 
546. 

ATOUR.    About ;  around.    (A.-N.) 
Ded  buth  my  prynces  be  atour. 

KyngAlisaunder,  4511. 
ATOURNED.    Equipped.    (A.-N.) 
And  otherwhile  he  might  him  se, 
As  a  gret  ost  bi  him  te, 
Wele  atourned  ten  hundred  knightes, 
Ich  y-armed  to  his  rightes. 

Sir  Orpheo,  ed,  Laing,  253. 

ATOW.    Thatthou. 

Loke  atow  no  more  wepe, 
For  thi  wiif  lith  stille  on  slepe. 

Marie  Maudelein,  p.  236. 
AT-PLAY.    Out  of  work.    Staff. 
AT-RAHT.    Seized;  taken  away. 

Such  reed  memyhte  spaclychereowe, 
When  al  my  ro  were  me  at-raht. 

Wright's  Lyric  Poetry,  p.  37- 


AT-RAUGHT.    Seized. 

Who  so  ever  he  at-raught, 
Tombel  of  hors  he  him  taught. 

Anhour  and  Merlin, 
ATRAY.     To  trouble ;  to  vex ;  to  anger.    From 
tray.    See  the  Sevyn  Sages,  1867  5  Cov.  Myst. 
p.  350. 

He  sturte  him  up  in  a  breyd, 

In  his  herte  sore  atrayyed.       Kyng  of  Tars,  60 

ATRETE.    Continually ;  distinctly.    It  is  tran 
lated  by  tractim  and  distincte  in  the  Promp- 
Parv.  p.  17.  Baber,  in  his  glossary  to  Wickliff 
refers  to  2  Esdre  viii.  for  an  instance  of  the 
word. 

Hit  was  gode  preyers,  I  sei  hit  atrete. 

MS.  rernon,  Archcsologia,  xviii.2& 
ATRICK.    An  usher  of  a  hall,  or  master  porter. 

Minsheu* 
ATRIE .    To  try ;  to  judge. 

Chefe  justise  he  satte,  the  sothe  to  atrie, 
For  lefe  no  loth  to  lette  the  right  lawe  to  guye. 

Peter  Langtvft,  p.  80. 

The  rightes  lie  did  attrie  of  tho  that  wrong  had 
nomen.  Ibid.  p.  245. 

ATRISTUN.    Trust ;  confide. 

Ther  are  thowsand  spices  of  veyn  supersticoun, 
that  is,  thing  vejnly  ordeynid  and  veynly  usid,  and 
veynly  that  men  atristun\\\>  and  all  silk  thingis  are 
forbidun  je  in  this3  that  thu  schalt  not  tak  his  name 
in  veyn.  Apuhigy  fur  thu  Lvllards,  p.  DS. 

AT-ROUTE.  To  rout;  to  put  to  flight;  to  assem- 
ble. Hearne  also  gives  the  meanings,  to  re- 
sixf,  to  gather  together. 

So  that  men  of  purch.iscome  to  hym  so  gret  route, 
That  ther  nas  prince  un-uethe  tlut  hym  myjtc  at  route. 
Rob.  Clone,  p.  IB. 
AT-RYGIITTEZ.    Completely. 

Luke  ;e  aftyre  evensang  bo  armyde  at-rygJittes 
On  blonkcz  by   jone   buscayle,    by   30110  blyth 
streniez,  Marts  Arthnrn>  MS.  Lincoln,  f.  02. 

AT-SCAPEN.    To  escape. 

Jesu,  thi  grace  that  Is  *o  fre 
ID  siker  h(>pe  do  thou  me, 
At-scnpen  peyut'  ant  coinc  to  the, 
To  the  blisse  that  ay  shal  be. 

Wi  itfht's  Lyric  Poetry,  p,  75. 

AT-SITTE.  To -withstand;  to  contradict.  (<•/.-£} 
See  Rob.  Glouc.  p.  174  ;  A-rthour  and  Merlin, 
p.  68. 

For  ther  nns  so  god  knyjt  non  nower  a  boute  France, 

That  in  joustes  scholde  at-sitte  the  dynt  of  ys  Uunce. 

Rob.  Glouc.  p.  137- 

Hise  bode  ne  durste  he  non  ut-sitte.      Havelok,  2200. 

AT-SQUAIIE.    In  quarrel. 

Oft  times  yong  men  do  fall  at-square, 
For  a  fine  wench  that  is  feat  and  fa  ire. 

Withal*' Victititiarie,  p  271, 

AT-STODE.   Withstood.   Cf.  Rob.  Glouc.  p.  15. 
With  sheld  and  spore  out  i-drawc 
That  hoere  dunt  at-stode.  MS.  Digby  86,  f.I24. 
AT-STONDE.   To  withstand. 
I  ne  wende  no5t  that  eny  man  my  dunt  ssolrie  at-xtonde, 
Rob,  Glow.  p.  36& 
ATT.    To. 

We  besekene  jonve  that  je  chese  |ow  joug  lordes 
and  5ong  knyghtes  that  ere  listy  mene  and  able  for 
to  suffre  disesse  for  to  be  with  ^ow  ;  for  here  we  gi:ie 
up  ntt  arrays,  if  it  be  jour  willer  and  forsakes  than»e 
for  evtr.  MS.  Lincoln  A.  i.  17.  f-  3- 


ATT 


107 


ATT 


ATTACHEN.  To  attach ;  to  indite.    (A.-N.) 
And  comaunded  a  constable, 
That  com  at  the  firste, 

To  attachen  tho  tyrauntz.  Piera  Ploughman,  p.  40. 
ATTACK'D-ED.    Attacked.    A  common  parti- 
ciple here,  but  more  extensively  used,  I  am 
told,  in  America. 

ATTAINT.  A  taint;  anything  hurtful.  The 
verb  seems  to  he  used  in  somewhat  a  pecu- 
liar sense  in  Morte  d' Arthur,  ii.  266.  It  was 
also  a  term  in  chivalry. 

I  will  not  poison  thee  with  my  attaint, 
Nor  fold  my  fault  in  cleanly  coin'd  excuses. 

Shakespeare's  Lucrece. 

The  kyng  was  that  daye  hyghly  to  be  praysed,  for 
he  brake  xxiij,  speres,  besyde  attaynttis,  and  bare 
doune  to  ground  a  man  of  armes  and  hys  horse 

Hall,  Henry  VIII,  f.  55. 

ATTAL-SARESIN.    According  to  Cowell  and 
Kennett,  the  inhabitants  of  Cornwall  call  an 
old  mine  that  is  given  over  by  this  name.   The 
latter  says,  "  probably  because  the  Saxons  em- 
ployd  the  Saracens  in  those  labours." 
ATTAME.  (1)  To  commence;  to  begin,  (A.-N.) 
Also,  to  broach  a  vessel  of  liquor,  as  in  Prompt. 
Parv.  p.  16,  where  it  is  translated  by  attamino, 
And  thereupon  he  schulde  anone  attume 
Another  of  newe,  and  for  the  more  honoure. 

Lydgate,  MS.  Soc.  Antiq.  134,  f.  8. 
Yes,  hoste,  quod  he,  so  mote  I  ride  or  go, 
But  I  be  mery,  y-wis  I  wol  be  blamed  ; 
And  right  anon  his  tale  he  hath  attained. 

Chaucer,  Cant.  T.  14824. 

There  was  none  suche  sithen  Adam  dide  atame 
The  frute  to  ete,  for  eyther  halte  or  lame. 

MS.  Soc.  Antiq.  134,  f.  1. 

(2)  To  feel ;  to  taste. 

For  sithin  that  payne  was  first  named, 
"Was  net  more  wofull  payne  attained. 

Chaucer's  Dreame,  596. 

(3)  To  hurt ;  to  injure.     This  is,  I  believe,  the 
meaning  of  the  word  in  Chaucer's  Dreame, 
1128,  which  Tyrwhitt  conjectures  to  he  dis- 
graced. 

Of  his  scholder  the  swerd  glod  doun, 
That  bothe  plates  and  hauberjoun 

He  carf  atuo  y  plight, 
Al  to  the  naked  hide  y-wis ; 
And  nought  of  flesche  atamed  is 
Thurch  grace  of  God  Almight. 

Gy  of  Warwike*  p.  325. 
ATTAR.    After.    Salop. 
ATTASK'D.    Blamed.    See  Alapt. 

You  are  much  more  attasTc'd  for  want  of  wisdom, 
Than  prali'd  for  harmful  mildness.     King-  Lear,  i.  4, 

ATTAST.  To  taste.  See  Dial  of  Creat.  Moral, 
p.  94. 

And  to  oon  frute  in  specyall  he  had  grete  hast, 
His  aptyde  was  desirous  therof  to  attest, 

MS.  Laud  416,  f.  61. 

ATTE.    At  the.    (A.-S.) 

And  thanne  seten  somrne, 

And  songen  atte  nale.  Piers  Ploughman,  p,  124. 

ATTE-FROME.  Immediately.  (A.-S.)  See 
Kyng  Alisaunder,  5356. 

With  that  came  a  sergeant  pritfcand, 
Gen  til  he  was  and  well  speakand ; 
To  Sir  Guy  is  be  come, 
And  him  he  gret  atte/rome. 

et.  Rom.  ii.  18. 


ATTELE.     To  aim ;  to  design ;  to  conjecture ; 
to  go  towards ;  to  approach ;  to  judge.     See 
Sir  F.  Madden's  glossary,  in  v.  and  Ettle. 
The  emperowr  entred  in  a  wey  evene  to  attele 
To  have  bruttenet  that  bor  and  the  abaie  seththen. 
WilL  and  the  Werwolf,  p.  8. 
For-thi  an  aunter  in  erde  I  tittle  to  schawe. 

Syr  Gawayne,  p.  4. 

ATTEMPERALLY.    Temperately. 

That  mane  es  nojte  mekilles  at  commend  that 
alwayes  lyffes  in  disesse;  bot  he  es  gretly  to  com- 
mend that  in  reches  lyffez  attemper  ally. 

MS.  Lincoln  A.  i.  1?,  f  -  35. 

ATTEMPERAUNCE.  Temperance.  See  Lyd- 
gate's  Minor  Poems,  pp.  194,  209 ;  and  the 
example  under  Fratour. 

And  soveraynly  she  had  attemperaunce. 

Lydgate,  MS.Ashmole  39,  f.  11. 

ATTEMPRE.     (1)    Temperate.    (A.-N.)      In 

Wright's  Monastic  Letters,  p.  189,  we  have 

attempred  in  the  same  sense.  See  M  aundevile's 

Travels,  p.  276. 

Attempre  diete  was  all  hire  physike, 
And  exercise,  and  hertes  suffisartce. 

Chaucer,  Cant.  T.  14844. 

(2)  To  make  temperate.  See  Troilus  and  Creseide, 
i.  954. 

Ther  may  no  welthe  ne  poverte 
Attempre  hem  to  the  decerte. 

Gower>  MS.  Soc.  An  fig.  134,  f.  47. 

ATTEMPRELY.    Temperately.     (A.-N.} 
Governeth  you  also  of  your  diete 
Attemprdy,  and  namely  in  this  hete. 

Chance)-,  Cant.  T.  13192. 
ATTEMPTATE.    An  attempt. 

As  herunto  the  kynge  marvaylith  gretly  off  thys 
presumptuose  attemptate  usydde  by  the  Frenchemen 
in  hys  streme,  and  takyih  the  same  verraye  dis- 
pleasantly.  State  Papers,  L  36. 

ATTENDABLY.  Attentively.  Palsgrave  has 
attendalle,  attentive. 

Because  they  scholde  the  more  attendably  study  and 
werke  the  more  spedyly  aboute  the  thynges  that 
myghte  cause  and  haste  therdelyveraunce. 

MS.  drundel  145, 

ATTENT.  Attentive.  Shakespeare  has  the  word 
in  Hamlet,  i.  2.  See  also  Richardson,  in  v. 

While  other  rusticks,  lesse  attest 
To  prayers  then  to  merryment. 

Herrick's  WorTcs,  i,  141). 

ATTER.  (1)  Poison.  (A.-S.)  Hence,  coiTupt 
matter  issuing  from  an  ulcer,  as  in  Prompt. 
Parv.  p.  16,  where  it  is  translated  by  sanies. 
This  latter  is  also  the  provincial  use  of  the 
•word ;  Forby  has  it,  and  Skinner  gives  it  as  a 
Lincolnshire  word,  in  which  county  it  now 
seems  to  be  obsolete.  Kennett,  MS.  Lansd. 
1033,  says  it  was  used  in  Sussex  in  the  same 
sense.  See  Piers  Ploughman,  p.  243. 

Of  vych  a  werm  that  after  bereth, 
Other  it  stingeth,  other  it  tereth. 

Canybeare's  Qvttfuian,  p.  57, 
Thai  sharped  thar  tung  als  nedder  so, 
Attre  of  snakes  undir  lippes  of  tho. 

JKS.Sodl.  425,  f.87. 

(2)  An  otter. 

Take  heare  cattes,  dogges  too, 
lie,  m&re  alsoe. 

Chester  Ptoyt,  i  51. 


ATT 


108 


ATT 


(3)  Attire;  array. 

In  valewe  eke  much  more  did  cost  his  wenches  pall, 
Then  allth'  after  is  worth  that  covereth  altres  tenne. 
Append,  to  W.  Mapes,  p.  278. 

ATTERCOP.  A  spider.  (^.-£)  It  is  translated 
by  aranea  in  the  Prompt.  Parv.  p.  16,  and  the 
provincial  glossaries  give  it  also  the  sense  of  a 
spider's  web,  as  Ray,  Kermett,  and  others.  See 
Prompt.  Parv,  p.  140,  and  the  list  of  old  words 
prefixed  to  Batman  uppon  Bartholome,  1582, 
where  it  occurs  in  the  first  sense.  Stanihurst, 
in  his  Description  of  Ireland,  p.  11,  says  a 
spider  was  called  an  attercop  in  some  parts  of 
that  country,  and  even  in  Fingal.  Pegge  ex- 
plains it,  "the  venomous  spider,"  which  agrees 
with  the  etymology  from  after  t  poison;  though 
cobweb,  which  was  anciently  spelt  copwe&, 
may  have  been  derived  from  the  latter  part  of 
the  word;  DutZbp,  a  spider;  Welsh,  Cop  or 
Copptn.  In  the  North  of  England,  the  term 
is  applied  to  a  peevish,  ill-natured  person,  not 
exclusively  to  the  female  sex,  as  Mr.  Brockett 
seems  to  say. 

ATTERLOTHE.  Nightshade.  It  is  the  transla- 
tion of  morella  in  an  early  list  of  plants  in  MS. 
HarL  978,  f.  25. 

ATTERLY.     Utterly.    SJcinner. 
ATTERMITE.    An  ill-natured  person.    North. 
ATTERN.   Fierce  ;  cruel ;  snarling.     Glouc. 
ATTERY.   Purulent.  East.    Irascible ;  choleric. 
West.    Clearly  connected  with  attry,  veno- 
mous, q.  v.    Chaucer  speaks  bfattry  anger  in 
the  Persones  Tale,  p.  63. 
ATTERYNG,    Venomous.   (A.~S.) 

On  face  and  hondis  thei  had  gret  nayles, 
And  grette  homes  and  atteryng  taylys. 

Tundale,  p.  6. 

ATTEST.  Attestation;  testimony. 
An  esperance  so  obstinately  strong, 
That  doth  invert  the  attest  of  eyes  and  ears. 

Troiltis  and  Cressidat  v.  2. 
ATTEYNANT.    Attainable;  appertaining. 
To  joyne  suchea  works,  or  it  to  rectify, 
To  me  it  semeth  so  farre  sette  awrye, 
In  tyme  of  yeares,  to  other  dyscordaunte, 
That  to  ray  dulle  wytte  it  is  not  atteynant. 

Fabian's  Chronicle,  proL 

ATTEYNT.     Convicted. 

At  London  thei  wer  atteynt,  decre"  was  mad  for  thate. 
Langtitfes  Chi  onicle,  p.  122. 

ATTICE.  A  carpenter's  tool ;  an  adze.  Somerset. 
ATTINCTURE.    Attainder. 

In  what  case  the  righte  of  the  matter  was  theire, 
and  whether  anye  attincture,  statute,  or  alyenaciou, 
were  made  by  anye  of  the  auncesters  of  this  gentle- 
man, by  which  his  ryghte  were  extincte. 

4rchcBologia,  xxviii.  128. 

ATTIRES.    The  horns  of  .a  stag.   Skinner  says, 

"  cornua  cervi  adulta,  q.  d.  cervi  ornamenta." 

ATTLE.    Rubbish,  refuse,  or  stony  matter.    A 

mining  term. 

ATTOM'D.     Filled  with  small  particles ;  thick. 
Whereas  mens  breaths  doe  instantly  congeals, 
And  attom'd  mists  turne  instantly  to  hayle, 

Drayton's  Poems,  p.  264. 
A.TTONE.    Altogether. 

And  his  fresh  blood  did  frieze  with  fearefull  cold, 
That  all  his  sences  seem'd  berefte  attone. 

The  Faerie  Queene,  II.  i.  42. 


ATTONES.    At  once.  North. 

And  thenne  they  alyght  sodenly,  and  sette  their 
handes  upon  hym  allattones,  and  tokehym  prysoner, 
and  soo  ledde  hym  unto  the  castel. 

Morte  d^rthur,  i.  319. 
Fair  queen  of  love,  I  lov'd  not  all  attonce. 

Peele's  Works,  i,  41. 

ATTORNEY.  A  deputy.  This  original  mean- 
ing of  the  word  is  used  in  the  Alchemist,  ii.  1. 
See  also  Hawkins's  Engl.  Dram.  i.  40.  Shake- 
speare makes  a  verb  of  it  in  Measure  for  Mea- 
sure, v.  1. 

ATTOUR.  (1)  A  head-dress.    (A.-N.} 
Nor  I  nil  makin  mencioun 
Nor  of  her  robe,  nor  of  tresour 
Of  broche,  ne  of  her  riche  anour, 
Ne  of  her  girdle  about  her  side. 

Rom.  of  the  Rose,  3718. 
(2)  Around.  (A.-N.)  See  Atour. 

Attour  his  belte  his  liart  lockis  laie, 
Feltrid  unfaire,  or  fret  with  frostis  hore. 

Testament  of  Creaeide,  162. 
ATTOURNE.    To  return. 

For  there  he  wouhle  no  longer  make  snjourne, 
But  with  Troyans  to  their  lande  att.ntrne. 

Hardyntfs  Clu-otticle,  f.  14, 

ATTOURNEMENT.  A  law  term,  defined  by 
Minsheu  to  be  "  a  yeelding  of  a  tenant  unto 
a  new  lord."  See  also  Wright's  Monastic  Let- 
ters, p.  88 ;  Holinshed,  Chron.  of  Ireland, 
p.  102. 

ATTRACT.    An  attraction. 

For  then  their  late  attracts  decline, 
And  turn  as  eager  as  prick'd  wine. 

Hwiibra*,  III.  i.  605. 
ATTRAITS.     Flattery.    SJcinner. 
ATTRAP.  To  entrap.  (Fr.)  It  sometimes  means 
to  dress,  to  adorn.     See  Richardson,  in  v. 

The  king  accompanied  with  the  Dukes  of  Somer- 
set and  Excester,  and  other  of  the  line  of  Lan- 
caster, determined  clt-rely  to  set  on  the  Duke  of 
Yorke  and  his  confederates,  and  them  by  force  either 
utterly  to  vanquish,  or  by  pollocy  to  attrap  and 
bring  to  confusion.  Hall,  Henry  VI.  f.  92. 

ATTRIBUTION.     Seems  to  be  used  by  Shake- 
speare, 1  Henry  IV.  iv.  1,  for  commendation. 
ATTRID.    Poisoned.  (A.-S.) 

Archars  with  avows  with  attrid  barbis. 

MS.  Aahmule  44,  f.  42. 

ATTRITION.  Grief  for  sin.  arising  only  from 
the  fear  of  punishment.  See  Tyndall,  quoted 
by  Richardson,  inv. 

ATTROKIEN.    To  fail.  (A.-S,} 

I  nelle  noujt  fastindc  late  him  go, 

That  heo  beon  over-come, 
And  attroTcien  bi  the  weiefor  feblesse, 

That  honger  hem  habbe  f-uome. 

JUS.  Laud,  108,  f.  I. 

ATTRY.    Venomous ;  poisonous.  (A.-S.) 
He  shal  hem  smyte  and  do  to  liyt ; 
He  shal  hem  jyve  ful  attry  dynt. 

Cursor  Mundi,  MS.  Coll.  frin.  Cantab,  f.  131 
With  iren,  fuyr,  or  attri  beest, 
How  that  ever  thei  may  hardest.         Ibid,  f,  132. 
ATTUR.    Hotter. 

As  owre  the  glede  atiur  ys  feyre. 

MS.  Cantab,  Ff.  1. 6,  f.  62, 

ATTWEEN.    Between,     Var.  dial 
dttween  too  thecvys  nayled  to  a  tre. 

Lydgttte't  Minor  Puema,  p.  365* 


ATW 


109 


AUD 


ATTYSE.    To  entice. 

Servauntes,  avoyde  the  company 

Of  them  that  playe  at  cardes  or  dyse ; 
For  yf  that  ye  them  haunte,  truely 
To  thefte  shall  they  you  soone  attyse. 

Anc.  Poetical  Tracts,  p.  11. 
ATUGON.     Drawn.     Verstegan. 
AT-UNDERE.    In  subjection. 

Prayes  hym  for  the  pes,  and  profyrs  fulle  large 
To  hafe  pete*  of  the  Pope,  that  put  was  at-undere. 

Morte  Arthure,  MS.  Lincoln,  f.  87. 
AT-VORE.     Before.  Rob.  Glouc. 
AT-WAPED.    Escaped. 

What  wylde  so  at-waped  wyjes  that  schotten, 
Watz  al  to-raced  and,  rent,  at  the  resayt. 

Syr  Gawayne,  p.  44. 

A-TWAYN.     la  two ;  asunder.   See  Southey's 
notes  to  the  Morte  d' Arthur,  ii.  472. 
And  clef  ys  body  evene  a-twayn 
With  that  stronge  spryng. 

JUS.  Ashmole  33,  f.  30. 
A-TWEE.    In  two.   North. 
ATWEEL.    VerywelL    North. 
ATWIN.   (1)   Asunder ;  in  two.  Suffolk.     See 
Ritson's  Anc.  Pop.  Poet.  p.  65  ;  Sir  Tristrem, 
pp.  152, 271 ;  Chaucer,  Cant,  T.  3589. 
She  and  her  sonne  was  departed  atwin» 
For  he  and  she  were  to  nye  kynne. 

Syr  Deg-ort,  980. 

(2)  To  part  asunder. 

Thefurste  payne  of  the  seven, 

That  je  me  herd  byfore  neven, 

Ys  thegrete  drede  that  the  soule  ys  inne, 

Whan  the  bodye  and  y  t  schal  a~twynne. 

MS.  Laud.  486. 

AT-WIRCHE.  To  work  against;  to  do  evil 
work  to. 

Al  that  trowe  on  Jhesu  Crist, 
Thai  fond  at-wirche  ful  wo. 

Seynt  Mergrete,  p.  103. 

ATWIST.    Disagreement.     North.   In  Somer- 
setshire it  is  used  for  twisted. 
AT-WIST.    Knew. 

Another  dai  Clarice  arist, 
And  Blauncheflour  at-wiat 
Whi  hi  made  so  longe  demoere. 

Hartshorne's  Met.  Tales,  p.  105, 
And  thou  in  thine  halle  me  sle, 
For  traisottn  it  worth  at-tvist  the. 

Gy  of  Warwike,  p.  25 1. 

ATWITE.  To  twit;  to  upbraid.  (4-&)  See  Hob. 
Glouc.  p.  33;  State  Papers,  iii.  23.  In  our 
second  example  it  is  used  for  the  participle. 
See  Atwot. 

Sir  steward,  that  was  ivel  y-smite, 
In  unworthschip  it  worth  the  attvite. 

Gy  of  WarwiJce,  p.  152. 
He  was  wroth,  ye  schul  here  wife, 
For  Merlin  hadde  him  attvite. 

ArtJiottr  and  Merlin,  p.  341. 

ATWIXE.  Between.  See  Amis  and  Amiloun,  865. 
How  first  thesparke  was  kyndled  of  envie 
Atwixe  Grekys  and  hem  of  Troye  town. 

MS.  XHgby  232,  f.2. 

ATWIXT.  Between.  Suffolk.  Seethe  Faerie 
Queene,  I.  viii.  13.  The  Prompt.  Parv.  gives 
atwyxyne,  ate#yn,aiid  atwyxt;  wA  atwixin 
occurs  in  Troilus  and  Creseide,  i.  418. 

ATWO.    In  two;  asunder.    Went. 

Avoutiie  is  the  gretest  theft  that  may  be ;  for  it 


is  theft  of  body  and  of  soule,  and  it  is  like  to  homi- 
cide, for  it  kerveth  atwo  and  breketh  atwo  hem  that 
first  were  made  on  flesh.  Personet  Tale,  p.  104. 

ATWOT.     Twitted;  upbraided. 

The  loverd  let  make  a  gret  fere, 
And  let  of-sende  a  neyghebour, 
Ich  understonde  a  god  harbour, 
And  set  his  wif  forth  fot-hot, 
And  hire  misdedes  hire  attvot. 

Sevyn  Sages,  18/fc 
The  soudan  cleped  hem  fot-hot, 
And  his  sones  deth  hem  atwot. 

GyofWarwike,  p.  29$ j 

AT-YANCE.     At  once.    North. 
ATYL.  (1)  Furniture;  attire.  See  the  example 
from  Robert   of    Gloucester,   quoted  under 
dseynt. 

(2)  To  array ;  to  accoutre.    (A.-N.) 
So  that,  at  certeyn  day  y-set,  to  thys  batayle  hii  come, 
A  lute  wy thoute  Parys,  atyled  wel  y-nou. 

Rob.  Glouc.  $.  184. 
A-TYME.    On  a  time. 

A-tyme,  to  speke  myd  hys  moder,  to  Engelond  he  coin, 
An  gret  folc  of  Normandye  myd  hym  hyder  he  nome. 
Rob.  Glouc.  p.  326. 

ATYR.    Attire;  ornaments.     (A.-N.} 
Theo  atyr  was  therein  so  riche, 
In  al  this  world  nys  him  non  hche. 

Kyng  Alisaundej;  7^fl? 

AU.    All.    North.    Tusser,  p.  174,  has  Au  for 
August,  probably  for  the  sake  of  the  rhymef 
though  perhaps  from  Fr.  Aont. 
AUBADE.    A  serenade.    Minsheu,    (Fr.} 
AUBERK.    A  hawberk. 

Auberkt  aketoun,  andscheld, 
Was  mani  to-broken  in  that  feld. 

Arthour  and  Merlin,  p.  221, 

AUCEY.  So  the  first  folio  of  Beaumont  and 
Fletcher  reads,  in  the  Coxcomb,  iv.  4.  The 
second  folio  reads  awJceward — "  What  awke- 
ward  words  they  use  beyond  the  seas  !" 
Mr.  Dyce  reads  sawcy  [saucy?]  in  his  edition, 
iii.  187.  The  reading  of  the  second  folio  must 
be  preferred  to  conjectural  emendation,  but 
aucey  may  be  right,  and  some  form  of  auk,  q.  y, 
AUCTE.  Property. 

To-morwen  shal  raaken  the  fre, 
Andewcte  the  yeven,  and  riche  make. 

Have?oJc,531. 

AUCTORITEE,  A  text  of  scripture,  or  of  some 
celebrated  writer.  (Lat.)  See  Notes  io  Rish- 
anger's  Chronicle,  p.  111. 

But,  dame,  here  as  we  riden  by  the  way, 
Us  nedeth  not  to  speken  but  of  game, 
And  let  stuctoritees  in  Goddes  name 
To  preening,  and  to  scole  eke  of  clergie. 

Chaucer,  Cant.  T.  6858, 

AUCTOUR.    An  author.  (Lat.} 

By  witte  of  man,  al  thynge  that  is  contryved 
Staudithe  in  proporcioune,  plainly  to  conclude. 
In  olde  auctows  lyke  as  it  is  discryved, 
Whether  it  be  depnesse  or  longitude. 

Lydgatfs  Minw  Poenut  p.  80. 

AUCYNTURE.    A  cincture. 

And  also  holy  watyr  uppon  the  sonday  in  dede 
Gevyn  by  the  prelst  that  of  thehathe  cure, 
.Yn  tyme  of  node  is  for  thy  holy  aucyntvre. 

MS.  Laud  416,  f.  42. 

AUDACIOUS.    This  word  was  not  always  use4 


AUG 


no 


by  our  early  writers  in  a  bad  sense,  but  fre- 
quently meant  no  more  than  liberal  or  com- 
mendable boldness.  See  Love's  Labours  Lost, 
v.  1. 

AUD-FABAND.  Aterm  applied  to  children  who 
have  copied  the  manners  of  elderly  people. 
Kennett,  MS.  Lansd.  1033,  says,  «  a  forward 
or  old-growing  child,  as  children  are  said  to 
be  aud-farand  when  they  are  witty  or  wise 
beyond  their  years,  apud  Boreales.  Kennett 
derives  it  from  A.-S.  Faran.  See  also  his 
Glossary,  ed.  1816,  p.  72. 

AUD-FASHINT.  Grave;  sagacious;  ingenious. 
North. 

AUDIENCE.    Hearing,     Chaucer. 

AUD-PEG.  An  inferior  sort  of  cheese,  made  of 
skimmed  milk.  North. 

AUEN.    Own. 

Qui  suld  I  him  servis  yield  ? 
Al  sal  be  at  rayn  auen  weild. 

MS.  Cott.  Vespas.  A.  iii.  f.  4. 

AUFYN.  The  bishop  at  chess  was  formerly  so 
called,  and  is  conjectured  to  be  derived  from 
the  Arabic  al-fil,  an  elephant,  that  being  the 
piece  which  took  the  place  of  the  bishop  in 
the  East.  In  the  tract  De  Vetula,  falsely 
ascribed  to  Ovid,  the  following,  pieces  are  men- 
tioned as  used  in  chess,— Miles  et  Alpinus, 
Roccus,  Rex,  Virgo,  Pedesque.  See  Ducange, 
in  v.  Alphinus }  and  Alfyn. 

So  yn  a  day,  as  he  pleide  at  the  chesse,  and  by- 
helde  the  kyng  srtte  yn  the  pley,  somtyrae  hy  and 
somtyme  lowe,  among  aufyns  and  pownys,  he 
thought  therwithe  that  hit  wolde  be  so  with  him 
for  he  shulde  dey,  and  be  hid  uudir  erthe. 

Gesta  Romavorum,  p.  61. 
And  of  awfym  eke  also 
On  hir  syde  she  had  two, 
Wroght  of  a  stone  of  grete  fame, 
Eliotropia  was  the  name.      MS.  Fairfax,  16. 
ACJGENT.    August;  noble. 

Hayle,  cumly  kyngis  au&mtf 

Good  surs,  I  pray  you  whedder  ar  ye  ment. 

Sharp's  Coo.  Myst.  p.  101. 

AUGGERES.    Agues. 

A  man  that  is  here  y-hunge  and  lyght, 
Tho  never  so  stalworthe  and  whight, 
And  comly  of  shape,  lovely  and  fayr, 
Auggeres  and  ruelles  will  soon  apayr. 

J.  de  Wageby  (Hampole),  p.  5. 
AUGHENE.    Own. 

He  covetyd  noghte  to  dye,  if  it  were  plesyng  ti: 
theFadire  ofhevene;  and  never  the  lessehis«w£7iene 
Fadire  wolde  noghte  here  hym. 

MS.  Lincoln  A.  i.  17,  f.  179. 
AUGHT.    (1)  Possessions;  property.   (A.-S.) 
He  highth  hem  aughtte  and  gret  nobleys, 
He  schulden  hit  hele  and  ben  in  peis. 

KffngAtisauwder,  6884, 
Havelok  his  sone  he  him  tauhte, 
And  hise  two  douhtres,  and  al  his  auhte.    KaveloR,  2215. 

(2)  Possessed.  See  Langtoft's  Chronicle,  p.  126; 
Sevyn  Sages,  1336 ;  Ipomydon,  1422. 

King  Triamours  elders  it  laught, 

King  Darri  sum  time  it  aught*   Gy  of  Warwifa,  p.  313. 

(3)  Ought;  owed.    East. 

For  mi  lordes  doubter  sche  is, 
And  ich  his  nori,  forsothe  y-wis, 
Therefore  ich  aught  him  trewethe  bere. 

Gy  of  W&rwike,  p.  7. 


(4)  Anything ;  at  all.    (A.-S.) 

And  as  they  were  in  great  aventure, 
They  saw  a  drowmound  out  of  mesure  ; 
The  drowmound  was  so  hevy  fraught, 
That  unethe  myght  it  saylen  aught. 

Richard  Coer  de  Lion,  2460. 

(5)  Eight. 

That  es  at  sayej  a  twelvemonthe  and  aright v?  mo- 
nethes  salle  thou  lyfie,  and  thane  he  that  thou  trais- 
tez  one  salle  giffe  thee  a  drynke  of  dedd. 

MS.  Lincoln  A.  i.  17,  f.  40. 
They  ocupyede  the  empyre  attghte  score  wynttyrs. 

Morte  Arthurs,  MS.  Lincoln,  f .  56. 

AUGHTED.    Cost. 

Bevis  did  on  his  acquetoun, 
That  had  alighted  many  a  town. 

Ellis's  Met.  Rom.  ii.  111. 
AUGHTENE.    The  eighth. 

One  the  aughtene  day  of  thi  byrthe  here, 
That  the  firste  day  f-s  of  the  newe  jere, 
Circumcysede  in  body  walde  thou  be, 
Alles  the  law  was  thane  in  sere  centre". 

MS.  Lincoln  A.  i.  17,  f.  190. 

Aftyr  the  aughtende  day,  whene  undronne  es  rungene, 
Thou  salle  be  hevedede  in  hye,  and  with  horsse  drawene. 
Jtlorte  Arthur  e,  MS.  Lincoln,  f.  58. 

ATJGHTS.    Any  considerable  quantity.    North. 

This  is  probably  connected  with  aught,  q.  v. 
AUGHT-WHERE.     Any^There.     (A,-S.} 
As  wolde  God  above  that  I  had  give 
My  blode  andfleshe,  so  that  I  might  live 
"With  the  bones  that  he  had  aught-whcre  a  wife 
For  his  estate,  for  soche  a  lustie  life 
She  shouldm  ledin  with  this  lustie  knight. 

Hypsipyle  and  3£edeat  173. 

ATJGLE.  To  ogle.  North.  Kennelt  gives  this 
form  of  the  word  in  his  glossary,  MS.  Lansd. 
1033,  f.  25. 

AUGRIM-STONES.  Counters  formerly  used  in 
arithmetic,  and  which  continued  to  be  em- 
ployed long  after  the  introduction  of  Arabic 
numerals.  In  the  Winter's  Tale,  iv.  2,  the 
clown  says,  "Let  me  see; — Every  'leven wether 

tods ;  every  tod  yields pound  and  odd 

shilling :  fifteen  hundred  shorn, — what  comes 
the  wool  to? — I  cannot  do't  without  counters" 
His  astrelabre,  longing  for  his  art, 
His   augrim-8tonefit  lay  en  faire  apart 
On  shelves  couched  at  his  bcddts  hcd. 
His  presse  y-covered  with  a  falding  red, 

Chaucer,  Cant.  T.  3210, 

AUGUELLE.    A  kind  of  fish,  mentioned  in  an ' 
old  document  quoted  in  Davies's  York  Records, 
p.  124.    Qu.  AnyueUe. 

AU GULKOC.  This  word  occurs  in  some  glosses 
from  the  Cambridge  MS.  of  Walter  de  Bibbles- 
worth,  printed  in  Keliq.  A^ntiq.  ii.  83.  The 
French  is  un  tret/n.  Qu.  Anyulkoc. 

AUGURIQUS.    Predicting. 

I  beleeve  the  scruple  those  augurious  people  in 
such  kind  of  accidents  have,  would  have  made  this 
man  have  abandoned  me  to  the  fury  of  those  cursed 
animals. 

A  Comical  History  of  the  WttrM  in  the  Moar^  105,9. 

ATJGURYNE.    A  fortune-teller. 

And  treuly  I  have  seen  of  Paynemes  and  S  »ra- 
zines,  that  men  clepen  ttugwrynt*,  that  whan  tfte 
ryden  in  armei  In  dy  v«rse  contrees  upon  oure  er»e^ 
myes,  be  the  flyenge  of  fonles  thel  wolde  telJe  ws  ^h» 
prenosticaciouns  of  thingea  that  frfi*  aftre. 

'     ianets*  p.  I67> 


AUM 


111 


AUN 


AUGUSTA.    A  cant  term  for  the  mistress  of  a 
house  of  ill-fame.    See  Ben  Jonson's  Works, 
ed.  Gifford,  iv.  46. 
AUHTEN.    Eight. 

Auhten  jere  Edgar  regned  kyng  and  sire  ; 
He  lies  in  tcrabe  in  the  abbey  of  Glastenbire. 

Langtoft's  Chronicle,  p.  36. 

AUK.  Inverted;  confused.  In  the  East  of  Eng- 
land, bells  are  "  rung  au 7c"  to  give  alarm  of 
fire ;  and  Palsgrave  has,  "  I  rynge  auke- 
warde,  je  sonne  abrausle."  It  was  formerly 
the  general  custom  to  ring  bells  backward  in 
cases  of  fire.  See  Gilford's  Massinger,  i.  236. 
The  older  meaning  is  angry,  ill-natured,  as  in 
the  Prompt.  Parv.  p.  18  ;  where  we  also  have, 
"  awke,  or  wronge,  sinister"  This  last  sense 
is  still  in  use  in  the  North  of  England,  and 
Tnsser  tells  us  that  bad  husbandry  droops  "  at 
fortune  so  auke"  See  the  FiveHundredPoints, 
1573,  f.  58.  An  auk  stroke  is  a  backward 
stroke,  as  in  Palsgrave,  f.  18 ;  Morte  d' Arthur, 
i.  148,  284.  Brockett  says  that  the  word  is 
applied  to  a  stupid  or  clumsy  person  in  the 
North  of  England. 

3e  that  Jiste  has  to  lyth,  or  luffes  for  to  here 
Off  elders  of  aide  tyme,  and  of  theire  awJce  dedys. 
Marrte  Jtrthure,  MS.  Lincoln,  f.  53. 

AUKERT.    Awkward.     Var.  dial 

AUL.  An  alder.  Herefordsh.  The  following  is 
a  country  proverb : 

When  the  bud  of  the  aul  is  as  big  as  the  trout's  eye, 
Then  that  fish  is  in  season  in  the  river  Wye. 

AULD.    (1)  Old.     Var.  dial 

(2)  The  first  or  best,  a  phrase  used  in  games. 
"  That  is  the  auld  bowl."    East. 

(3)  Great.   North.    It  is  used  in  the  same  man- 
ner as  old  in  the  Merry  Wives  of  Windsor,  i.  4. 
See  Pegge's  Anecdotes,  p.  100. 

AULD-ANE.  The  devil.  Nortk.  Perhaps  the 
more  usual  term  is  Auld-NicJc. 

AULD-LANG-S  YNE.  A  favourite  phrase  in  the 
North,  by  which  old  persons  express  their  re- 
collections of  former  kindnesses  and  juvenile 
enjoyments,  in  times  long  since  past, — immor- 
talised by  the  song  of  Burns,  "  Should  auld 
acquaintance  be  forgot."  See  Brockett,  in  v. 

AULD-THRIFT.  Wealth  accumulated  by  the 
successive  frugality  of  along  race  of  ancestors. 
North. 

AULEN.    Of  alder.   Herefordsh. 

AULN.  A  French  measure  of  5  ft.  7  in.  said  by 
Lewis  to  be  used  in  Kent. 

AUM.  (1)  An  aim.  Palsgrave,  f.  18,  has,  "Aume 
or  naarke,  esme." 

(2)  An  elm.    North. 

(3)  Allum.    North. 

AUMA.  A  sort  of  pancake.  This  is  given  by 
Boucher  as  a  Herefordshire  word,  but  it  seems 
to  be  now  obsolete. 

AUMAIL.  To  enamel.  It  is  a  substantive  in 
Syr  Gawayne,  p.  11. 

AU  bar'd  with  goldeft  bendes,  which  were  entayld 
With  curious  antickes,  and  full  fayre  aumayld, 

Fhe  Faerie  Qusene,  II.  iii.  27. 

AUMAIST.    Almost    North. 


AUMBES-AS.    Ambes-as,  q.v. 

Ake  i-hered  beo  swete  Jhesu  Crist, 

H  uy  casten  tmmbes-as.        JJ/S.  Laud.  1 38,  f.  107 

Stille,  stille,  Satanas ! 

The  is  fallen  aunbesa&  I         Jtfsr.  Digby  86,  f.  119. 

AUMBLE.     An  ambling  pace.     (A.-N.) 
His  stede  was  all  dapple  gray, 
It  goth  an  aumble  in  the  way. 

Chance]-,  Cant.  T.  12814. 

AUMBRE-STONE.    Amber.   Palsgrave. 
AUMBRY.      A  cupboard;  a  pantry.    North 
Sometimes  spelt  aumery,  or  aumry. 
Some  slovens  from  sleeping  no  sooner  be  up, 
But  hand  is  in  aumbrie,  and  nose  in  the  cup 

Tueser's  Five  Hundred  Points,  1573,  ii.5. 

AUMELET.    An  omelet.    Skinner. 

AUMENER.    A  purse.     (A.-N.) 

Than  of  his  aumener  he  drough 
A  little  keie  fetlse  i-nough, 
Whiche  was  of  gold  polijhid  clere. 

Rom.  of  the  Rose,  208?. 

AUMENERE.    An  almoner. 

Seynt  Jone,  the  awnenere, 
Ssyth  Pers  was  an  okerere. 

1T&  Hart.  1701  ,f.  37. 

AUMER.    To  east  a  shadow  over ;  to  shadow. 
The  substantive  is  spelt  aumerd.     It  cor- 
responds to  the  old  word  umlre.     Craven. 
AUMERE.    A  purse.    Tyrwhitt  considers  this 
to  be  a  corruption  of  aumener,  q.  v. 
Were  streighte  glovis  with  aitmere 
Of  silke,  and  alway  with  gode  chore 
Thou  yeve,  if  that  thou  have  richesse. 

Hum.  oftJie  Rcse,  2271. 

AUMONE.    Alms-     Skinner. 
AUMOUS.     Quantity.     When  a  labourer  has 
been  filling  a  cart  with  manure,  corn,  &c.  he 
will  say  at  last  to  the  carter  or  waggoner, 
"  Haven't  ya  got  your  aumous."    Line. 
AUMPEROUR.    An  emperor. 
The  aumperour  Frederic  and  the  king  Philip  of  France/ 
Alle  hii  wende  to  Jerusalem  to  do  gode  chaunce. 

Rob.  Glow.  p.  486. 
Ore  Lo-verd  wendemid  is  desciples 

Into  Philipes  londe ; 
Cesares  brothur  the  aumperovr 

Gan  is  desciples  fonde,         JUS.  Laud.  108,  f.  1. 
AUMPH.    Awry;  aslant.    Salop. 
AUMRS.    A  cupboard.    North. 
AUMRY-SOAL.    "  A  hole,"  says  Kennett,  MS. 
Lansd.  1033, "  at  the  bottom  of  the  cupboard." 
I  laid  um  here,  under  the  awmry-soal. 

Yorkshire  Dialogue,  p.  44. 

AUMS-ASE.  Literally,  two  aces,  the  lowest 
throw  in  the  dice.  It  seems,  however,  from  a* 
curious  extract  in  Collier's  Hist.  Dram.  Poet, 
ii.  314,  an  old  game  at  dice  was  so  called. 

AUMUS.  Alms.  North.  Thoresby,  in  his" 
Letter  to  Ray,  1703,  spells  it  awmoss. 

AUNCEL.  A  kind  of  land-sale  weight,  prohi- 
bited by  statute  on  account  of  its  great  uncer- 
tainty. See  Brit.  Bibl  ii.  512.  In  the  fol- 
lowing passage  from  Piers  Ploughman,  Mr. 
"Wright's  manuscript  reads  auncer,  which 
can  hardly  be  correct.  "Awncell  weight,  as 
I  hare  been  informed,"  says  Cbwell,  Interpre- 
ter, 1658,  *  is  a  kind  ef  weight  with  scafes 


AUN 


112 


AUR 


hanging,  or  hooks  fastened  at  each  end  of  a 
staff,  which  a  man  lifteth  up  upon  his  fore- 
finger or  hand,  and  so  discernelli  the  equality 
or  difference  between  the  weight  and  the  thing 
weighed ;"  and  he  afterwards  adds,  "  a  man  of 
good  credit  once  certified  mee  that  it  is  stil 
used  in  Leaden-all  at  London  among 
"butchers." 

Ac  the  pound  that  she  paied  by 
Peised  a  quatron  moore 
Than  myn  owene  auncer, 
Who  so  weyed  truthe.   Piers  Ploughman,  p.  90. 
AUNCETERES.     Ancestors.   According  to  Mr. 
Hunter,  this  word  is  not  quite  obsolete  in  the 
West  Riding  of  Yorkshire.  Skelton,  i.  128,  has 
auncetry  for  ancestry. 
So  schaltow  gete  god  los  and  gretli  be  menskked, 
As  han  al  thin  aunceteres  or  thow  were  bigeten. 

Will,  and  the  Werwolf,  p.  185. 
An  hondreth  wynter  here  before, 
Myne  aunsetters  knyghtes  have  be. 

Robin  Hood,  i.  10. 

AUNCIAN.    Aged. 

The  olde  auncian  wyf  hejest  ho  syttez. 

Syr  Gawayne,  p.  38. 

AUNCIENTES.    Elders. 

The  preistes,  judges,  and  auncientes  bare  chelf  rule, 
and  governed  the  people  as  well  as  it  would  bee. 

Redman's  Complaint  of  Grace,  1554. 

AUNCIENTY.  Antiquity.  SeeSkelton's Works, 
i.  74,  ii.  415;  Cooperi  Thesaurus,  in  v.  Aetas. 
Antiquitas. 

What  auncientye  than,  is  theyr  Portuis  and  masse 
booke  of.  The  Burnynge  of  Paules,  1563. 

AUND.     Owned.     North. 

AUNDEIRYS.  Andirons.  In  the  inventory  of 
effects  belonging  to  Sir  John  Fastolfe,  "ij. 
staundyng  aundeirys"  are  mentioned.  See 
Archseologia,  xxi.  269. 

AUNDER.  Afternoon ;  evening.  According  to 
Carr,  this  word  is  nearly  extinct  in  Craven ; 
Grose  says  it  is  used  in  Cheshire;  and 
Hartshorne  gives  it  as  a  Shropshire  word.  It 
seems  derived  from  uncfern,  q.  v.  Jamieson 
says  that  omtren  in  Scotland  is  "  the  repast 
taken  between  dinner  and  supper.'*  Cotgrave 
several  times  mentions  aunders-meat  as  an 
afternoon's  refreshment.  See  his  Dictionarie, 
in  v.  Gouber,  Gouster,  Recine,  Ressie. 

AUNDIREN.    An  andiron,  q.  v.  Palsgrave,  f. 
18,  translates  "  aundyren"  by  chenet* 
With  that  aundiren  he  thret  Sir  Gij, 
And  with  gret  hate  sikerly.   Gy  of  Warwike,  p.  250. 

AUNGE.    An  angel.     (A.-N.) 
Eche  day  therwith  je  xal  be  content ; 
Aunge  alle  howrys  xal  to  5ow  apere.  Cov.  Myst,  p.  88. 

AUNT.  A  woman  of  bad  character;  a  pro- 
curess or  a  bawd.  This  sense  is  common  in 
early  plays,  although  aunt  and  wide  were  the 
usual  appellations  given  by  a  jester  or  fool  to 
all  elderly  persons,  without  implying  any  im- 
proper meaning,  a  custom,  according  to 
Pegge,  generally  pursued  in  Cornwall.  In 
a  Midsummer  Night's  Dream,  ii.  1,  the  term 
attnt  seems  to  be  applied  to  an  old  woman,  or 
gossip,  not  necessarily  in  the  bad  sense,  as  the 
commentators  tell  us. 


AUNTE.     Instead  of  "up  here  aunte,"    the 
Heralds'  College  MS.  reads,  "  to-gedere." 
Heo  gederede  up  here  aunts  here  ost  aboute  wyde, 
And  destruyde  hire  londes  eyther  in  his  syde. 

Rob.  Glouc,  p.  37. 
AUNTELERE.    A  stag's  antler.     See  Twety's 

treatise  on  hunting  in  Reliq.  Antiq.  i.  151. 
AUNTER.  (1)  An  adventure.  (A.-N.}  North. 
Rider  makes  it  synonymous  with  Jiap  or 
chance.  In  the  provincial  glossaries,  it  is 
sometimes  explained,  "  needless  scruple,  mis- 
chance, misadventure."  See  Attele. 

(2)  To  adventure;  to  venture.    (A.-N.)     See 
Piers  Ploughman,  pp.  382,  435,  471;  Gesta 
Romanorum,  p.  35. 

I  wol  arise  and  auntre  it,  by  my  fay. 

Chaucer,  Cant.  T.  4207. 

(3)  Ail  altar. 

Be-forn  his  aunter  he  knelyd  adoun. 

Songs  and  Carols,  St.  xi. 

AUNTEROUS.     Adventurous;    bold;    daring. 
"  A  castell  aunterous"  in  Lybeaus  Disconus, 
279,  glossed  formidable.    The  Prompt.  Parv. 
p.  19,  makes  it  synonymous  with  doubtful,  but 
the  other  meaning  is  found  at  p.  279. 
Thay  that  were  aunterous  by-syde, 
In  a  cuntre1  fulle  wyde, 
Thay  come  thedir  that  tyde. 

Sir  Degrevante,  Lincoln  MS. 

AUNTERS.    Peradventure ;  in  case  that ;  lest ; 

probably.    North. 
AUNTERS OME.     Daring ;  courageous.   North. 

This  is  of  course  from  aunter,  q.  v. 
AUNTRE.    On  the  contrary ;  on  the  other  hand. 
Auntre,  they  swore  hym  hool  oth 
To  be  hys  men  that  wer  there. 

Richard  Coer  de  Lion,  3878. 

AUNTREOUSLICHE.  Boldly;  daringly.  (A.-N.) 
Al  auntreousliche  ther  he  comen  wes. 

Gy  of  Wanoike,  p.  83. 

AUNTROSE.    Doubtful ;  dangerous.  (A.-N.} 
Thanne  seide  Alisandrine,  auntrfise  is  thin  evel, 
Ful  wonderliche  it  the  weves,  wel  I  wot  the  sothe. 
Will,  and  the  Werwolf,  p.  34. 
AUNTY.     Aunt.     Var.  dial 
AU-OUT.    Entirely.     Craven. 
AUP.  (1)  A  wayward  child.   North.    It  is  pro- 
nouneed  Aups  in  Craven,  but  the  word  is  not 
in  general  use  in  Yorkshire. 
(2)  Up.    West. 
AURE.    Over.    [Avre?] 

His  gloves  and  his  gamesuns  gloet  as  the  gledes, 
A-rayct  cure  with  rebans,  rychist  of  raye. 

Robson'*  Met.  Rom.  p.  15. 

AURE  AT.  Golden;  gilt.  Hence,  good,  ex- 
cellent. See  Skelton's  Works,  i.  11,  77; 
Lydgate's  Minor  Poems,  p.  250;  Percy's 
Reliques,  p.  26. 

Thys  boke  was  written  with  letters  aweat, 
Perpetually  to  be  put  in  memory. 

^(shmole's  Theat.  Chem.  Brit.  p.  257., 

AURE-HIET.    Overtook. 

He  prekut  oute  prestely, 
And  aure-hiet  him  radly, 
And  on  the  knyjte  conne  cry. 
And  pertely  him  reproves, 

Rob&on't  Met.  JRom.  p.  Of 


AUT 


113 


AUV 


AVRIFIED.   Made  pure  as  gold. 

Fined  also  and  made  full  pure, 
And  aurified  be  at  the  last. 

Ashmole's  Theat.  Chem.  Brit,  pu  389. 
AURRUST.     Harvest.    Wore. 
AURSELS.    Ourselves.    North. 
AURUM-MULICUM.    A  composition  occasion- 
ally mentioned  in  early  documents  relating  to 
the  arts,  and  fully  described  in  the  following 


Here  may  thou  lere  to  make  aurum  muHcum. 
Take  a  viole  of  glas,  and  cute  it  wele,  or  a  longe 
erthen  pot;  and  take  j.  pounde  of  salt  armonyac, 
and  j.  li  of  sulfure,  and  j.  li  of  mercurie  cru,  and 
j.  U  of  tyn  ;  melte  thi  tyn,  and  caste  thi  mercurie 
therm,  and  then  alle  that  other,  and  grynde  alle 
these  thinges  togidere  upon  a  ston,  and  then  put  alle 
in  a  fiole,  or  in  an  erthen  pot,  and  stoppe  al  the 
inothe  save  also  mochel  als  a  paper  lefe,  or  a  spoute 
of  parchemyn  may  stonde  in ;  and  then  set  it  on  the 
fyre  in  a  forneie,  and  make  furste  esy  fiere,  and 
afturwarde  goode  fire,  the  mountance  of  ij.  cures, 
til  that  thou  se  no  breth  come  oute  of  the  glas; 
and  then  take  it  of  the  fire,  and  breke  the  glas. 

MS.  Sloane  2584,  f.  5. 

AURUM-POTABILE. 

And  then  the  golden  oyle  called  aurum-potaWe, 

A    medicine  most  mervelous   to  preserve  mans 

health.          Ashmole's  Theat.  Chem.  Brit.  p.  422. 

AUSCULTE.    To  raise  up ;  to  exalt.    The  MS. 

Bodl.  175,  reads  "exhalt"  in  the  following 


Ausculte  you  not  to  excelente, 
Into  highe  exsaltacion.        Chester  Plays,  L 10. 
AUSE.  (1)  To  try ;  to  essay ;  to  promise  favour- 
ably, e.  g.,   "  He  auses  well  saying's  as  how 
he's  a  young  un."  Salop.     See  Aust. 
(2)  Also.    Gil  gives  this  as  a  Lincolnshire  word 
in  his  Logonomia,  1619. 

And  some  beyonde  us  twentie  or  thirtie  lange  miles, 
that  make  pure  shift  in  thecitie,  and  in  the  countrie 
ause.  Bullein's  Dialogue,  1573,  p.  4. 

AUSIER.    An  osier.    Suffolk. 

AUSNEY.    To  anticipate  bad  news.  Somerset. 

AUSPICATE.    Auspicious. 

Enter  and  prosper,  while  our  eyes  doe  waite 
For  an  ascendent  throughly  auspicate. 

Herricfc's  Works,  ii.  146. 

AUSPICIOUS.  Joyful.  So  Shakespeare  seems 
to  use  the  word  in  Hamlet,  i.  2 : 

With  one  auspicious,  and  one  dropping  eye. 
AUST.   To  attempt.    Warw.    It  is  also  used  as 

a  substantive. 

AUSTERNE.  Stern ;  severe.  In  the  Testament 
of  Creseide,  154,  we  have  the  form  austrine 
in  the  same  sense. 

But  who  is  yond,  thou  ladye  faire, 
That  looketh  with  sic  an  austerne  face  ? 

Percy's  Reliques,  p.  75. 

Thane  the.burelyehe  fceryne  of  Bretayne  the  ly  ttylle 
Counsayles  Syr  Arthure,  and  of  hyme  besekys 
To  ansuere  the  alyenes  wyth  austerene  wordes. 

Morte  Arthure*  MS.  Lincoln,  f.  56. 
A.USTRIDGE.     An    ostrich.      Cotgrave    has, 
"  Austruche  :  an  austridge,  or  ostridge."    We 
have  had  Astridge,  q.  v. 
AUT.  (1)  Ought.    See  Rob.  Glouc.  p.  452. 
Weil -aw*  I  sinne  lete, 
An  aeb  wit  teres  frete.    Warton's  Hist.  EngL  Poet.  i.  24. 


(2)  All  the ;  out.    North. 
AUTECER.    Parent;  ancestor.     See  the  Co. 
ventry  Mysteries,    p.  88.     Should  we  read 
anceter  ? 

AUTEM.  A  church,  in  the  canting  language. 
There  are  several  compounds  of  this  word,  as 
autem-mortj  a  married  woman.  See  Dodsley's 
Old  Plays,  x.  372. 

AUTENTICKE.  Authentic.  Chaucerhasit  as  asub- 
stantive.  See  Thynne's  Animadversions,  p.  4'8. 
AUTENTIQUALL.    Authentic. 

Now  for  the  third  parte  touchyng  recordes  and 
registres,  wee  have  them  soformall,  soautentiquall, 
so  seriously  handeled.  Hall,  Henry  VIII.  f  253. 

AUTEOSE. 

The  flowre  is  of  a  gode  lose, 
That  men  calleth  auteose.        Reliq.  Antiq.  i.  195. 
AUTER.    An  altar.  Worth. 

Thanne  he  havede  his  bede  seyd, 
His  offrende  on  the  outer  leyd.     Havelok,  1386. 
AUTERS.    Explained,  "  strange  wort,  or  strange 
things,"  in  the  Clavis  at  the  end  of  the  York- 
shire Dialogue,  p.  89.    It  is  probably  an  error 
for  anters,  the  genuine  early  form  ofthe  word. 
AUTHENTIC.     Regularly   bred;    fashionable. 
Nares  says  it  "  seems  to  have  been  the  proper 
epithet  for  a  physician  regularly    bred   or 
licensed."     See  All's  Well  that  Ends  Well, 
ii.3. 
AUTHER,    Either. 

Bot  harder  the  devel  bites  tham 

That  gud  dedes  has  wrojt, 
If  thai  ever  afterward  fal  in, 
Avther  in  dede  or  thojt. 

MS.  Cantab.  Ff.  v.  48,  f  81. 

AUTOMEDON.  The  charioteer  of  Achilles,  and 
hence  some  of  our  early  dramatists  have  ap^ 
plied  the  name  generally  to  coachmen.  See 
Beaumont  and  Fletcher,  ed.  Weber,  xiv.  53. 

AUT-OPON.  Out  upon!  An  exclamation  ex- 
pressive  of  disapprobation.  North. 

AUTORITY.  Authority.  A  provincialism,  as 
well  as  the  old  form  of  the  word.  See  the 
Craven  Dialogues,  p.  330. 

AUTORS.    Ancestors.   (Lat.) 
Y  geve  yow,  Mede,  withoute  assoyne, 
Theo  tour,  and  the  cites  of  Babyloyne  : 
Tyre,  Numen>  and  Pamphile, 
And  into  Ynde  xx.  score  myle ; 
My  riches,  and  my  tressours, 
And  alle  hath  do  myn  autors.  Kyng  AliscMnd&r,  4519. 

AUTOXJR.    An  author.    Chaucer. 

AUTRAGE.     To  outrage. 

Let  us  se  how  well  we  can  outrage, 

Maitland's  Lambeth  BooTcst  p.  302. 

AUTREMITE.    Another  attire.    So  explained 
by  Skinner.    Tyrwhitt  reads  mtremite. 
And  she  that  helmid  was  in  starke  stouris, 
And  wan  by  force  tounis  strong  and  touris, 
Shall  on  her  hedde  now  werin  autremite. 

Chaucer,  ed.  Urryt  P.  164. 

AUVE.  The  helve  of  an  axe.  Salop.' 
AUVERDRO.  To  overthrow.  West. 
AUVERGIT.  To  overtake.  West.  See  Jennings's 

Observations,  p.  184. 
AUVERLOOK.  To  overlook ;  to  bewitch ;  to  look 

upon  with  the  evil  eye.     West. 
AUVER-RIGHT.    Right  over ;  across.     West. 

8 


AVA 


114  AVA 


AUVISARD.  On  the  visor? 

Atte  last  he  held  him  awrisard. 

Gy  of  Warui'ike,  p.  190. 

AUVISE.    Counsel;  advice. 

And  seyde,  Joseph,  leve  thy  fantesye 
And  thyn  erroure,  for  it  is  folye 
Withouten  auvise  to  deme  sodeynelye. 

Lydgate,  MS.  Soc.  Antiq.  134,  f.  5. 

AUWAWNTAGE.    Advantage? 

The  heghest  worlde,  that  passes  alle  thyng, 

Was  made  for  mans  endeles  wonnyng ; 

Fot  ylk  mane  salle  hafe  thare  a  place, 

To  wonne  ay  in  joy  that  here  has  grace ; 

That  worlde  was  made  moste  for  owre  auwawntaget 

For  thaire  sawlles  to  be  owre  ryght  erytage. 

Hampole,  North  C.  MS. 

AWARDS.  Awkward;  athwart.  North.  See 
AcTcwards.  A  beast  is  said  to  be  auwards, 
when  it  lies  backward  or  downhill,  so  as  to  be 
unable  to  rise  ;  a  circumstance  often  happen- 
ing with  sheep  that  are  heavy  in  the  wool. 

AU3T.  (1)  Ought. 

Floure  of  hevene,  Ladiand  Quene, 

As  sche  autf  wel  to  b<Jne.     MS.  Addit.  10036,  f.  62. 

(2)  Owed.    The  version  printed  in   Collier's 
Shakespeare's  Library,  p.  273,  reads  "  owhte." 

The  worsehipe  therof  whiche  I  autfe, 
Unto  the  god  I  there  betai^te. 

Goiver,  MS.  Soc.  Antiq.  134,  f.  234. 

(3)  Possessions;  property. 

Bitwene  his  childre  he  delt  his  au^t , 
His  londe  to  Isaac  he  bitaujt. 

Cursor  Mundi,MS.  Coll.  Trin.  Cantab,  f.  22. 

(4)  High.  Rob.  Glouc. 
AVA'.    At  all.    North. 

AVAGE.  A  rent  or  duty  which  every  tenant 
of  the  manor  of  Writtel,  in  Essex,  pays  to  the 
lord  on  St.  Leonard's  day,  for  the  liberty  of 
feeding  his  hogs  in  the  woods.  Phillips. 

AVAILE.  Value;  profit:  advantage.  SeeCocke 
Lorelles  Bote,  p.  2 ;  Dial  of  Great.  Moral, 
p.  123 ;  Towneley  Mysteries,  p.  150. 

AVAITE.    To  await? 

The  which  ordeynede  for  a  law,  that  what  tymc 

there  was  any  fyre  in  that  cite,  there  shulde  be  a 

bidelle  y-ordeined  for  to  avaite  hit,  and  to  make  an 

highe  proelamacione  in  the  cite.  , 

Gesta  Romanorum,  p.  52. 

AVALE.  (1)  To  descend;  to  fall  down.  (A.-N.) 
Cf.  Maundevile's  Travels,  p.  266 ;  Holinshed,  | 
Hist.  Scot.  p.  91  ;  Troilus  and  Creseide,  iii. 
627 ;  Chaucer,  ed.  Urry,  p.  394 ;  Debate  be- 
tween  Pride  and  Lowliness,  p.  9 ;  Skelton's 
Works,  i.  85. 

Then  the  seneschall  smot  his  hors  with  his  spurris, 
and  corne  to  theym,  for  the  see  was  availed  and 
withdrawn.  MS.  Digbyt  185. 

(2)  To  lower;  to  let  down.  (A.-N.)  This 
term  is  often  applied  to  the  letting  down 
the  front  of  the  helmet,  or  the  visor  only  with- 
out the  ventaile,  as  in  Robson's  Met.  Rom. 
p.  15 ;  Morte  d'Arthur,  i.  152.  Hence  the 
phrase  "  to  vale  the  bonnet,"  to  lower  the 
bonnet,  or  take  off  the  hat ;  and,  figuratively, 
to  acknowledge  inferiority.  See  Peter  Lang- 
toffc,  p.  97. 

And  myifty  tyrauntes,  from  here  ryalle  see 
He  hath  avalid  and  y-put  adoun, 

MS.  Sec*  Antiq.  134,  f,  4. 


He  nold  avalen  neither  hood  ne  hat, 
Ne  abiden  no  man  for  his  curtesie. 

Chaucer,  Cant.  T.  3124. 

(3)  To  loosen ;  to  shake.    Lord  Surrey  has  the 
expression  "  with  raynes  avayled,"  explained 
loosened  in  "Warton's  Hist.  Eng.  Poet.  iii.  31, 
but  our  second  meaning  is  perhaps  the  best. 

(4)  To  assault.   Skinner. 
AVALYD.    Diminished. 

Grete  feet  and  rounde,  and  grete  clees,  and  the 

foot  a  lytel  avalyd,  smale  by  the  flankes,  and  longe 

sydes,  a  lytel  pyntel  and  litel  hangyug  smale  ballokes. 

MS.BodL  546. 

AVAN.    Filthy ;  squalid.    A  Northamptonshire 
word,  according  to  the  Addenda  to  Junii  Etym. 
Anglic,  in  v. 
AVANCE.   (1)  To  advance;  to  profit.   (A.-N.) 
See  Chaucer,  Cant.  T.  246  ;  Troilus  and  Cre- 
seide, v.  1434;  MS.  Ashmole  39,  f.  12. 
Sir  Philip  the  Valayse 

May  him  noght  avance, 
The  flowres  that  faire  war 

Er  fallen  in  Fraunce.     Minors  Poems,  p.  39, 

(2)  Advancement. 

He  ordaineth  by  his  ordinaunce 
To  parishe  pricstis  a  powere, 

To  anothir  a  gretii  avaunce, 
A  gretir  point  to  his  mistere. 

Chaucer,  ed.  Urry,  p.  180. 

(3)  The  herb  barefoot.  It  was  used  in  cookery, 
as  in  a  recipe  in  the  Forme  of  Cury,  p.  13, 
which  the  original,  MS.  Addit.  5016,  seems  to 
read  avante.  See  Reliq.  Antiq.  i.  55  ;  Prompt. 
Parv.  pp.  17,  266;  Tusser,  p.  118  ;  Warner's 
Antiq.  Colin,  p.  5.   Markham,  in  his  Countrie 
Farme,  ed.  1616,  p.  182,  says  "  costmarie  and 
avens  are  verie  pleasant  hearbes  to  give  a  sa- 
vour like  spice  in  pottage  and  salads."    See 
also  Topsell  on  Serpents,  p.  62 ;  Cooper,  in  v. 
Cariophillata;  MS.  Sloane  5,  f.  11. 

AVANCEMENT.    Advancement. 

Thorgh  conseile  of  som  of  hise,  refused  he  that  present ; 

Thei  said,  on  other  wise  he  salle  haf  avancemant. 

Peter  Langtoft,  p.  103. 
AVANITTE.    Thought ;  will ;  pleasure. 

God  and  grace  es  with  thaim  wroghte, 

That  with  swylke  pride  dyse  gyse  ther  clothe ; 

Never  the  lese  ylk  man  may 

Eftyr  hys  avanitte  make  hym  gay. 

R.  de  Brunne,  MS.  Bower,  p.  24. 

AVANSE.    To  escape  from. 

For  any  cas  that  may  be-tyde, 
Schallnon  therof  avanse. 

The  Cohwolffs  Daunce,  165. 
AVANTAGE.    Advantage.    (A.-N.) 

As  sooth  is  sayd,  elde  hath  gret  avantags 
In  elde  is  bothe  wisdom  and  usjage. 

Cfezwc^r,  Cant.  T.  24491 

AVANT-CURKIEKS.  Horio  has  "  Etesii,  windes 
blowing  very  stiffely  for  fortie  daies  together 
from  the  east,  just  about  the  dog-daies,  called 
of  mariners  the  Avant-eurriers." 

AVANTERS.  Portions  of  the  numbles  of  a  deer, 
which  lay  near  the  neck.  See  Syr  Gawayne, 
p.  50 ;  Book  of  St".  Alban's,  sig.  B.  iv. 

AVANTMURE.  The  fore-wall  of  a  town. 
This  term  is  given  as  English  in  Palsgrave  and 
Cotgrave*  (Fr*} 


AVA 


115  AYE 


AVANT-PEACH.      An  early  kind  of   peach. 

Skinner. 
AVANTTWARDE.    The  vanward  of  an  army. 

I  salle  have  the  av&nttwarde  wytterly  myselvene. 

Morte  Arthure,  MS.  Lincoln^  f.  56. 

AVARDE.    Afraid.   (^.-£) 
AVAROUSER.    More  avaricious.  (A.-N.*) 

Are  no  men  avarouser  than  hii 

Whan  thei  ben  avaunced. 

Piers  Ploughman)  p.  26. 

AVARYSY.    Avarice ;   covetousness.    May  we 
read  an  arysy  ? 

Oure  Lord  sey  to  the  edder  tho, 
Fend,  why  dyde  thou  hym  that  wo  ? 
The  fend  ansuerd  with  avarysy, 
Pore  I  had  to  hym  envye.    MS.  Ashmole  61,  f.  85. 
AVAST.     A  sea  term,    meaning  stop,    hold, 
enough.    It  always  precedes  some  orders  or 
conversation.     See  Tooke's  Diversions  of  Pur- 
ley,  p.  573 ;  Skinner,  in  v.    Tooke  days  that 
Dr.  Johnson's  interpretations,  which  I  have 
here  adopted,  are  erroneous,  but  such  are  its 
ordinary  uses  by  sailors.  Johnson's  etymology 
from  Ital.  and    Span.  Basta,  is  sufficiently 
plausible. 

AVAUNCY.  To  advance ;  to  raise. 
For  I  thenke  to  avauncy  myne, 
And  wel  the  more  schal  be  here  pyne. 

MS.  Addit.  10036,  f.  49. 

AVAUNT.  (1)  Before. 

The  morow  came,  and  forth  rid  this  marchaunt 
To  Flaunders  ward,  his  prentishim.  avaunt, 
Till  he  to  Bruges  came  full  merily. 

Chaucer,  ed.  Urry,  p.  140. 

(2)  Forward.  (A.-N.)  This  was  an  ancient  hunt- 
ing cry.     See  Sir  H.  Dryden's  Twici,  p.  45. 
And  with  that  worde  came  Drede  avaunt, 
Whiche  was  abashed  and  in  grete  fere. 

Rom.  of  the  Rose,  3958. 
Sir  Degrevant  was  thane  sa  nere. 
That  he  those  wordis  myght  here; 
He  said,  Avant,  Tbanere  ! 
And  trompis  on  hight 

Sir  Degrevaunt,  Lincoln  MS. 

(i)  A  boast.  (A.-N.}  See  Chaucer  Cant.  T.  227 ; 
Reliq.  Antiq.  it  21. 

Than  said  Sir  Degvevaunt, 
Thou  salle  noght  mak  thine  avaunt, 
That  I  salle  be  recreaunt, 
For  frend  ne  for  faa. 

Sir  Degrevaunt,  Lincoln  MS. 

(4)  To  boast. 

This  proverbe  lerne  of  me, 

Avaunt  nevyr  of  thy  degree.    Antiq.  Rep.  iv.  401. 

(5)  Dismissal.     "  To  give  her  the    avaunt," 
Henry  VIII.  ii.  3.   In  the  following  passage  it 
apparently  means  leave,  departure,  or  perhaps 
praise,  boast. 

Alle  thay  mad  thair  avaunt 
Of  the  lord  Sir  Degrevaunt. 

Sir  Degi'evatint,  Lincoln,  MS. 

AVAUNTANCE.    Boasting. 

The  vice  cleptd  avauntance, 

With  pride  hath  take  his  aqueintance. 

Gower>  MS.  Sac.  Antiq.  134>  f.  54. 

AVAUNTARYE.    Boasting. 

And  thus  the  worsehipe  of  his  name, 
Thorow  ptide  of  Ws  avauntaryet 
*He  turoeth  into  vilenye. 

Qower,  MS.  Sec.  Antiq.  134,  f.  54. 


Rebuke  him  for  that  ilk  of  that  avauntne. 

Peter  Langtoft,  p.  194. 

AVAUNTLAY.  Under  the  old  system  of  hunt- 
ing  it  was  customary  to  send  one  or  two  cou- 
ples of  hounds,  with  a  man,  to  several  points 
where  it  was  expected  the  game  would  pass. 
When  the  deer  or  other  animal  came  up  these 
hounds  were  uncoupled.  See  Sir  H.  Dryden's 
notes  to  Twici,  p.  44.  Relay  properly  means 
any  of  these  sets  of  hounds ;  but  avauntrelay, 
or,  more  commonly,  avauntlay,  those  which, 
when  a  hart  was  unharboured,  were  a-head  of 
him.  See  further  observations  on  this  sub- 
ject in  a  curious  work,  entitled  the  Booke  of 
Hunting,  4to.  Lond*  1586. 

AVE.  (1)  Have. 

Therfore  we  must  fight  agayne  hym,  and  we  shhall 
ave  victorye,  for  he  is  but  feble  agayne  them  that 
wyl  withstonde  hym.  Dial.  Great.  MoraLp.  97, 

(2)  Evening. 

The  king  therstode  with  his  meiu£ 
On  a  palmesonnes  ave. 

Arfhour  and  Merlin,  p.  200. 

AVEARD.    Afraid.     West. 

But  an  he  have  his  legs  at  liberty, 
Cham  aveard  he  will  never  live  with  you. 

London  Prodigal,  p.  107. 

AVEATJNT.    Graceful ;  becoming.  So  also  the 
original  MS.  of  Le  Bone  Florence  of  Rome, 
128,  reads ;  which  Ritson  alters  to  avenaunt. 
Ageyne  hym  came  syr  Otes  the  graunt, 
A  doghty  knyght  and  an  aveaunt. 

Le  Bone  Florence  of  Rome,  665. 
Thys  swyrde  ys  gode  and  aveaunt, 
But  I  faghtwyth  a  gyaunt. 

MS.  Cantab,  Ff.  ii-  38,  f.  244. 

AVE-BLOT.  A  reckoning;  a  payment.  Minsheu. 

AVE-BOORDS.  Cotgrave  has,  "  Aubes,  the 
short  boords  which  are  set  into  th'outside  of 
a  water-mills  wheele ;  -we  call  them  ladles,  or 
ave~boord$" 

AVEDEN.     Had. 

Quanne  he  weren  alle  set, 

And  the  king  aveden  i-gre,t, 

He  greten,  and  gouleden,  and  goven  hem  ille, 

And  he  bad  hem  alle  ben  stille,         HaveloTe,  163. 

AVEER.     Property.  (A.-N.) 

Ne  thei  don  to  no  man  otherwise  than  thei  wolde 
that  other  men  diden  to  hem ;  and  in  this  poynt  thei 
fulle-fillen  the  ten  commandementes  of  God :  and 
thei  jive  no  charge  of  aveer  ne  of  ricchesse. 

Maundevilefs  Travels,  p.  292. 

AVEL.  (1)  The  awn  or  beard  of  barley.    East. 

(2)  To  tear  away.    Browne. 

AVEL  ACE.  Explained  by  SMnner,  "  the  rings 
or  gymews  of  a  bag;"  but  conjectured  by  him 
to  be  a  mistake  for  anelace,  q.  v. 

AYELONG.  EUiptical ;  oval.  It  is  translated 
by  oblongus,  in  the  Prompt.  Parv.p,  17.  Carr, 
in  his  Craven  Glossary,  conjectures  it  to  be  a 
corruption  of  oblong,  and  a  correspondent  sug- 
gests to  me  half-long  /  but  the  form  awelonffef 
in  the  Middlehill  MS.  of  the  Promptormm, 
seems  to  warrant  Mr.  Way's  derivation  fron? 
A.-S.  Awoh.  Major  Moor  says,  **  Workmen 
—reapers  or  mowers — approaching  the  side  of 
a  field  not  perpendicular  or  parallel  to  their 
line  of  worlsv  wiH  feave  an  unequal  portion  to 


AVE 


116 


AVE 


do — the  excess  or  deficiency  is  called  avellong 
work."  . 

AVELY.    In  the  Eastern  counties  corn  is  said  to 
"be  avefyt  if,  when  dressed  for  market,  a  por- 
tion of  the  awns  adhere  to  the  grains. 
AVEN.    Promise ;  appearance.  Salop.  Perhaps 

connected  with  the  old  word  avenant,  q.  v. 
AVENANT.  (1)  Agreement;  condition.  (A.-N.) 
Luf  Mr  efter  thine  avenant, 
And  sho  sal  be  to  the  tenant. 

Ytvaineand  Qawin,  3765. 
They  may  make  to  here  avenaunt, 
But  over  mesure  ys  nat  cumnaunt. 

MS.  Karl  1701,  f.  22. 

(2)  Becoming  ;  graceful ;  agreeable.    See  War- 
ton's  Hist.  Eng.  Poet.  ii.  229 ;  Ywaine  and 
Gawin,  3885 ;  Robson's  Met.  Rom.  p.  12. 
And  I  were  to  the  avenant, 
I  wald  be  thi  servauat. 

Sir  Degreottvmt,   Lincoln  MS, 
When  she  was  fiften  winter  old, 
In  al  that  lond  nas  ther  non  y-hold 

So  semly  on  to  se , 
For  sche  was  genti}  and  avenaunt, 
Hir  name  was  cleped  Belisaunt, 
As  ye  may  lithe  at  me. 

Amis  and  Amiloun,  427. 

f3)  Accomplished;  able;  valiant. 

The  sowdan,  that  left  yn  Tervagaunt, 
With  hym  he  broght  a  fowll  geaunt 
Of  Egypte ;  he  hette  Guymerraunt, 

Greet  as  an  ok  ; 
No  dosyper  nas  so  avenaunt 

To  stonde  hys  strok.  Octonian,  923. 

AVENANTLI.     Suitably;  well;  becomingly. 
Ther  were  in  eche  bataile  of  burnes  two  thousand, 
Armed  atalle  pointes  and  avenanttt  horsed. 

mil.  and  the  Wei-wolf,  p.  136. 

AYENAUNTLICHE.     Beautifully. 

To  seche  thoru  that  cit6  ther  nas  non  sich, 
Of  erbes,  and  of  erberi,  so  avenauntliche  i-diht. 

Pistill  of  Stisan,  st.  1. 

AYENCE.    The  feast  of  Advent,  (A.-N.)    See 
MS.  Lincoln  A.  i.  17,  f.  215,  where  a  wrong 
reading  has  apparently  crept  into  the  text,  and 
I  am  not  sure  whether  it  should  not  be  anence 
-    in  the  same  sense  as  anent,  q.  v. 
AYENE.    An  ear  of  corn.    This  is  the  form  of 
the  word  awn  in  the  Prompt.  Parv.  p.  18. 
"  Avenes  eyles"  is  translated  by  the  French 
arestez,   in  Walter  de   Bibblesworth,  Reliq. 
Antiq.  ii.  80.    Eiles  we  have  already  had  an 
example  of  in  v.  Ails,  and  it  is  translated  by 
arista  in  MS.  Lansd.  560,  f.  45. 
(2)    Evening. 

Hi  sul  him  and  elde  folow, 
Both  avene  and  eke  a-raorw. 

Reliq.  Antiq.  i.  194. 

AYENG.    Took;  received.     (A.-S.) 
Vor  the  folc  so  thycke  com,  the  wule  he  her  loverd  slou, 
Aboute  him  in  ech  alf,  that  among  so  mony  fon 
He  aveng  dethes  wounde,  and  wonder  nas  yt  none. 

Rob.  Glouc*  p.  223, 
A-VENIMED.    Envenomed. 

His  aimes  alle  a-venimed  beth  j 
That  venim  is  strong  so  the  deth. 

Gy  of  Warlike,  p.  98. 

AVENOR.    The  person  who  formerly,  in  the 
household  establishment  of  the  king,  and  in 


that  also  of  great  barons,  had  the  care  of  the 
provender  for  the  horses.  The  following  ac- 
count of  his  duties  is  given  in  the  Book  of 
Curtasye,  p.  25,  and  it  has  been  also  quoted 
from  the  original  manuscript  by  Mr.  Stevenson. 

The  meyner  schalle  ordeyn  provande  good  won, 
For  tho  lordys  horsis  everychon  ; 
Thay  schyn  have  two  cast  of  hay, 
A  pek  of  provande  on  a  day ;  > 

Every  horse  schalle  so  muche  have 
At  racke  a-nd  manger  thatstandes  with  stave  J 
A  maystur  of  horsys  a  squyer  ther  is, 
Aveyner  and  ferour  undur  hym  i-wys.  j" 

Those  jotnen  that  olde  sadels  schyn  have, 
That  schyn  be  last  for  kny5t  and  knave, 
For  yche  a  hors  that  ferroure  schalle  scho, 
An  halpeny  on  day  he  takes  hym  to : 
Undur  ben  gromes  and  pages  mony  one, 
That  ben  at  wage  everychone ; 
Som  at  two  pons  on  a  day, 
And  som  at  iij.  ob.  I  5011  say  ; 
Mony  of  hem  fotemen  ther  ben, 
That  rennen  by  the  brydels  of  ladys  schene. 
AYENSONG.    Evening. 

Fram  afternone  to  avensong, 

So  to  knlghtes  he  was  strong. 

Arthour  and  Merlin,  p.  178. 
AYENT.    Avaunt ! 

Avent,  avent,  my  popagay, 

What,  will  ye  do  nothyng  but  play  ? 

Rit son's  Ancient  Songs,  p.  101. 

AVENTAILE.  The  moveable  front  to  a  helmet, 
which  covered  the  face,  and  through  which  the 
wearer  respired  the  air,  "  qua  ventus  hauritur." 
The  term  is  sometimes  used  for  the  whole 
front  of  the  helmet. 

His  helm  he  setteth  on  is  heved, 
And  fastnede  the  aventaille. 

MS.  Ashmole  33,  f.  3. 
For,  as  he  drough  a  king  by  thaventaile, 
Un ware  of  this,  Achilles  through  themaile 
And  through  the  bodie  gan  him  for  to  rive. 

Troilus  and  Creseide,  v,  1557. 

AVENTE.  To  open  the  aventaile  for  the  pur- 
pose of  breathing.  See  Le  Bone  Florence  of 
Rome,  1941  j  Torrent  of  Port.  p.  66.  (A.-N.) 

Thai  foughter*  soo  longe,  that  by  a'ssente 
Thai  drewe  them  a  litil  bysyde, 
A  Htil  while  thaym  to  avente, 
And  refreshed  them  at  that  tyde. 

MS.  Douce  175,  p.  30. 

AYENTEKS.   Chance.  (A.-NJ 

The  bowmen,  and  eke  the  arblasters, 
Armed  them  all  at  aventers. 

Richard  Coer  de  Lion,  2188. 
AYEOTOTJK.    (1)  To  venture. 

Nil  ich.  me  nothiug  aventour, 
To  purchas  a  fole  gret  honour. 

Arthour  and  Merlin,  p.  9. 

(2)  An  adventurer.  Bokenham. 

AYENTRE.  To  throw  a  spear.  (Itat.)  Spenser 
uses  the  word,  and  Nares  thought  it  was  pecu- 
liar to  that  writer. 

Thenne  this  one  knyght  aventryd  z  grete  spere, 
and  otie  of  the  x.  knyghtes  encountred  with  hym, 
Taut  this  woful  knyght  smote  hym  so  hard  that  he 
felle  o\er  his  hors  taylle.  Morte  d' Arthur f  i.  117. 

AYENTROUS.  Adventurers.    (A.-N.) 

As  dooth  an  heraud  of  armes 
Whan  aventrous  cometh  to  justes. 

\    Piers  Ploughman ,  p.  370, 


AVE 


117 


AYE 


AVENTURE.  (1)  Adventure ;  chance;  fortune; 
See  Morte  d' Arthur,  i.  289 ;  Maundevile's 
Travels,  pp.  185,  282. 

Aventure  so  hath  turned  his  pas 
Ageynes  the  kyng  his  mas. 

KyngMisaunder,  7837- 
(2)  Perchance. 

Ac  aveHtwe,  for  the  fyght, 
This  victoria  is  the  y-ctyght. 

Kyng  Misaunder,  3922. 

AVENTURLY.     Boldly. 

Thissquier  that  hath  brought  this  hede, 
The  kyng  had  wend  he  had  the  dede, 
And  aventurly  gan  he  gone. 

Torrent  of  Portugal,  p.  52. 

AVER.  (1)  A  work-horse.  North.  "  A  false 
aver,"  a  sluggish  horse,  a  lazy  beast.  See 
Keunett's  Glossary,  p.  21. 

Alsua  the  sothe  for  to  schewe, 
*  He  lent  thame  averes  to  drawo. 

Sir  Degrevante,  MS.  Lincoln,  f.  130. 
(2)  Peevish.     Northumb. 
AVERAGE.     A  course  of  ploughing  in  rotation. 
North.     Carr  explains  it  "  winter  eatage," 
and  others  the  stubble,  in  which  senses  it  seems 
to  be  the  same  with  averish,  q,  v. 
AVER-CAKE.    An  oat-cake. 

A  fewa  cruddes  and  crem, 
And  an  aver-cake. 

MS.  Rawl.  Poet.  137*  f.  25. 

AVER-CORN.  A  reserved  rent  in  corn  paid  to 
religious  houses  by  their  tenants  or  farmers. 
Kennett.  According  to  Skinner,  it  means  corn 
drawn  to  the  granary  of  the  lord  of  the  manor 
by  the  working  cattle,  or  avers,  of  the 
tenants. 

AVERE.    Riches;  property.     (A.-N.} 
The  maistir  of  ther  pedaile,  that  kirkes  brak  and  brent, 
And  abbeis  gan  assaile,  monkes  slouhand  schent, 
Was  born  in  Pikardie,  and  his  name  Reynere, 
In  suilk  felonie  gadred  grete  avere. 

Peter  Langtoft*  p.  124. 

AVERIL.    April.    North. 

When  the  nyhtegale  singes,  the  wodes  waxen  grene, 

Lef  ant  gras  ant  blosme  springes  in  dveryl,  y  wene. 

Wright's  Lyric  Poetry,  p.  92. 

AVERING.  Kennett,  MS.  Lansd.  1033,  says, 
"  When  a  begging  boy  strips  himself  and  goes 
naked  into  a  town  with  a  fals  story  of  being 
cold,  and  stript,  to  move  compassion  and  get 
better  cloaths,  this  is  call'd  avering,  and  to  goe 
a  avering." 

AVERISH.  The  stubble  and  grass  left  in  corn 
fields  after  harvest.  North. 

In  these  monthes  after  the  cornne  bee  innede,  it 
Is  meete  to  putt  draughte  horsses  and  oxen  into  the 
averish,  and  so  lonnge  to  continue  there  as  the  meate 
sufficeth,  which  will  ease  the  other  pastures  they 
went  in  before.  Arch&olagia,  xiii,  379. 

AVERLAND.  Land  ploughed  by  the  tenants 
with  their  avers,  for  the  use  of  a  monastery, 
or  for  the  lord  of  the  soiL 

Quod  autem  nunc  vocatur  aver*and,  fuit  terra 
rusticorum  ejus.  Chron.  J.  de  Srakelonda,  p.  75. 

AVEROUS.    Avaricious. 

And  also  this  tyme  es  ogayns  averotts  men,  that 
•ehynes  and  gifes  na  fruyte  bot  when  it  es  roten. 

MS.  Coll.  Eton.  10,  f.  3. 

A.VEROYNE.    The  herb  southernwood,  men- 


tioned  several  times  under  this  name  in  tfc.fi 
Liber  Medicinae  in  the  Library  of  Lincoln  Ca- 
thedral, if.  280, 287, 307,  e.g. "  Take  averoyne> 
and  braye  it  with  bony  and  vyneacre,  and 
drynke  it."  See  also  Archzeologia,  xxx.  350 ; 
Pistill  of  Susan,  st.  ix. 

AVERPENNY.  Money  contributed  towards  the 
king's  averages.     See  Nicolson  and  Burn's 
West  and  Cumb.  ii.  609  ;  Chron.  J.  de  Brake- 
londa,  p.  75 ;  Skinner,  in  v. 
AVERRAY.    To  aver ;  to  instruct. 
Thou  schalt  write  that  y  say, 
Mani  man  for  to  aven-ay. 

Arthour  and  Merlin,  p.  45. 

AVE RRUN GATE.  To  avert ;  to  prevent,  (tat.) 
I  wish  myself  a  pseudo-prophet, 
But  sure  some  mischief  will  come  of  it, 
Unless  by  providential  wit, 
Or  force,  vreaverritncate  it.  Hudibras,  I.  i-  758. 

AVERSATION.  Aversion;  great  dislike  to. 
See  Taylor's  Great  Exemplar,  p.  61,  quoted 
by  Boucher,  in  v. 

AVER-SILVER.    A  custom  or  rent  so  called, 
originating  from  the  cattle,  or  avers,  of  the 
tenants  of  the  soil. 
AVERST.    At  the  first. 

Averst  byeth  the  hestes  ten, 
Thet  loki  ssolle  alle  men. 

MS.  Aruntel  57,  f.  13. 
AVERTY.    Mad;  fiery.  (A.-N.) 

The  respons  were  redy  that  Philip  did  tham  bere. 
A  knyght  fulle  averty  gaf  tham  this  ansuere. 

Peter  Langtoff,  p.  2GO. 

AVERT.  (1)  The  place  where  the  provender  for 
the  king's  horses  is  kept.  Skinner.  Boucher, 
in  v.  Aver^  considers  it  to  be  the  stable.  It 
seems  certainly  to  be  derived  from  aver,  and 
not  from  haver,  oats,  as  Minsheu  supposes. 

(2)  Every. 

The  iij.de  tokene  ys  that  auery  meke  man  or 
womman  ys  not  enhaunsydd,  neyther  have  ony 
lykynge  in  preysynge.  MS.  Cantab.  Ff.  ii.  38,  f.  8, 

AVE-SCOT.  A  reckoning;  an  account.  Minsheu. 

AVESYLY.    Advisedly. 

Now  and  thow  wolde  wele  and  avetyly  beholde 
thi  Lorde  Jhesu,  thow  may  f ynde  that  fr'o  the  crowne 
of  the  hevede  to  the  sole  of  his  fete,  thare  was  no 
hole  spotte  lefte  one  hyme. 

MS.  Lincoln  A.  i.  17*  f.  183. 

AVET.    Weight. 

And  ys  avet  more  bi  six  and  thritti  leed  punde, 
that  beeth  to  hundred  and  sextene  wexpunde. 

Reliq.  Antiq,  \.  70, 

AVETROL.    A  bastard.    (A.-N.} 

He  asked  what  was  his  medicine  ; 
Beif  and  broth  gode  afine. 
What  than,  was  he  an  avetrolf 
Thou  seist  soht,  sire,  be  mi  pol. 

Sevyn  Sages t  JC107* 

AVEXED.    Troubled;  vexed.    See  Book  of  St. 
Alban's,  sig.  B.  iv. ;  Dial.  Great.  MoraL  p.  177. 
The  curious  coincidence  between  part  of  the 
following  passage,  and  the  well  known  lines  in 
Macbeth,  ii.  2,  has  not  yet  found  a  notice  in 
the  editions  of  Shakespeare. 
As  thus  I  lay  avexed  full  sore 
In  suche  thynges,  as  of  right  bythe  agayne  nature, 
I  herde  a  voyce  seyyng,  sclepe  thow  no  more ! 
T  odd's  llluttratioru, 


AVI 


118 


AYO 


AVEYSE.    Careful;  wary.    (^.-JV.) 
Also  the  kyng  and  his  meigne', 
Gladdest  weren  and  aveyse.     KyvgAlisaunde  ,  5261. 
AVIETJ.    To  view.  (A.-N.)  Palsgrave  has,  "  I 
avewe,  I  take  syght  of  a  thing." 

Thenglysshmen  sawe  them  well,  and  knewe  well 
bowe  they  were  come  thyder  to  avtett  them. 

Notes  to  Minofs  Poems,  p.  H7» 
AVIIS.  Opinion.  (A.~N.) 

And  sethtben  seyd  hir  aviis 

Of  God,  that  Loverd  was  and  ever  isse. 

Seynt  Katerine,  p.  179. 

AVILE.  To  despise.  The  Heralds'  College  MS. 
reads,  "  wiled  holy  chirche,  that  by  righte  was 
free." 

And  the  Sonnenday  of  the  Passion  amansede  all  the, 

That  avilede  to  holi  chirche,  that  mid  rijte  was  so  fre, 

Rob.  Glow.  p.  495, 

AVINTAINE.    Speedily  '  (A.-N.} 

Have  ich  eni  so  hardi  on, 
That  dorre  to  Hamtoun  gon, 
To  themperur  of  Almaine, 
Andsai  her  cometh,  avintaine, 
Al  prest  an  hondred  knighte, 
That  fore  his  love  wilen  fighte 
Bothewith  spere  and  with  launce. 

Saves  of  Hamtoun,  p.  107. 

AVIROUN.    Around.  (A.-N.) 

Alse  a  wenfe  liim  to  plaie 
Aboute  her  in  this  contrai, 
In  this  conrt^  aviroun, 
A  mette  with  a  vile  dragoun. 

Beves  of  Hamtoun,  p.  98. 

ATIS.    Advice.  (A.-N*}    See  Chaucer,  Cant.  T. 
1870 ;  Maimdevile's  Travels,  p.  180 ;  Langtoft, 
p.  32. 
The  kyng  at  his  avys  sent  messengers  thre. 

Langtoffs  Chronicle,  p.  285. 

AVISAm    Observing.  (A.-N.) 

The  herbe  she  toke,  well  avisand 
The  lefe,  the  sede,  the  stalke,  the  floure, 
And  said  It  had  a  gode  savour, 
And  was  no  common  herb  to  find, 
And  well  approved  of  uncouth  kind. 

aiaucer's  Dreams,  1882. 

AVISE.   (I)  To  observe ;  to  look  at.    (A.-N.) 
Heo  heom  avysed  among  theo  play, 
For  he  was  nought  of  that  con  tray. 

Kyng'  Alisaunder*  221. 

(2)  To  consider ;  to  advise  -with  one's  self ;  to 
inform;  to  teach.  "Arise  you  well,"  i.e.  con- 
sider well  what  yon  are  about,  is  a  frequent 
phrase  in  the  old  romances.  In  the  sense  of 
"  to  inform,"  it  is  used  by  Shakespeare, 
Merry  Wives  of  Windsor,  i.  4,  where  Mistress 
Quickly  says  to  Simple,  "  Are  you  avis' d  o* 
that  ?*'  a  provincial  mode  of  confirming  any 
observation.  See  also  the  Towneley  Mysteries, 
pp.  61,  170.  ««  Aviseth  you,"  Chaucer,  Cant. 
T.  3185,  look  to  yourselves,  take  care  of  your- 
selves. Cf.  Const,  of  Mason,  p,  38. 
He  avysed  hym  full  wele. 
Fro  the  hedd  downewarde  every  dele. 

JUS.  Cantab,  Ff.  ii.  38,  f.  196. 
AVISE.    Circumspect.     (A.'-N.) 

Of  werre  and  of  bataile  he  was  fulle  avise, 
Ther  wisdom  sold  availe  was  non  so  trewe  alshe. 
Langtoffs  Chronicle,  p»  188. 

AVISEE.    To  look  upon.    Sftinner. 
AVISELY,    Advisedly. 


Avisely,  who  so  takyth  hede  therto. 

Jjydgate,  MS.  Ashmole  39,  f.  Si, 
AVISEMENT.     Counsel;  Advice.  (A.-N.} 
Ten  schippes  wer  dryven,  thorgh  ille  avisement 
Thorgh  a  tempest  ryven,  the  schipmen  held  tham 
schent.  Lan&toft's  Chronicle,  p.  148. 

AV7SINESSE.    Deliberation.    (A.-N.} 
And  Mary  fulle  mekely  listeneth  alle, 
And  gan  mervayle  with  gret  avisines^e. 

Lydgate,  MS.  Soc.  Antiq.  134,  f.  28. 

AVISION.    A  vision.    (^M) 
A  litel  or  he  were  mordred  on  a  day, 
His  mordre  in  his  av iston  he  say.  Chaucer,  Cant.  T.  15320. 

AVIST,    A  fishing.  West. 

AVIVES.  A  disease  in  horses,  thus  described  by 
Markham : 

The  horse  having  drunke  much,  or  watered  verie 
quickly  after  his  heat  and  travaile,  and  upon  it  grow- 
ing cold,  and  not  being  walked ,  doth  beget  the  avives, 
-which  doe  but  little  differ  from  the  disease  called  the 
king's-evill,  because  as  well  in  beasts  as  in  man,  the 
king's-evill  commeth  of  too  much  cooling  of  water, 
the  throat  having  beene  heated,  whereupon  the  horse 
loos  eth  his  appetite  to  eat,  and  his  rest  likewise,  and 
his  eares  become  cold. 

The  Countne  Farme,  ed.  1616,  p.  13S» 

AVIZE.    To  see ;  to  survey ;  to  observe. 
Then  th/one  herselfe  low  ducked  in  the  flood, 
Abash't  that  her  a  straunger  did  avise. 

Tfie  Faerie  Qwecme,  II.  xii,  66, 
AYOCATE.  To  call  from.  (Lat.) 

The  time  of  Sir  Walter  Raleigh's  execution  was 
contrived  to  be  on  my  lord  Mayor's  day,  that  the 
pageants  and  fine  shows  might  avocate  and  draw 
away  the  people  from  beholding  the  tragedie  of  the 
gallantest  worthle  that  England  ever  bred, 

Aubrey,  MS.  Ashmole. 

AVOERY,  The  right  which  the  founder  of  a 
house  of  religion  had  of  the  advowson  or  pa- 
tronage thereof,  similar  to  the  right  of  presen- 
tation belonging  to  those  who  built,  or  en- 
dowed, parish  churches.  In  some  instances 
these  patrons  had  the  sole  nomination  of  the 
abbot  or  prior,  either  by  direct  investiture,  or 
delivery  of  a  pastoral  staff ;  or  by  immediate 
presentation  to  the  diocesan  j  or  if  a  free  elec- 
tion were  left  to  the  religious  foundation,  a 
licence  for  election  was  first  to  be  obtained 
from  the  patron,  and  the  election  was  to  be 
confirmed  by  him.  Kennett,  quoted  in  Boucher. 

AVOID.    To  leave ;  to  quit ;  to  expel.    Avoid  1 
i.  e.  get  out  of  the  way,  a  word  used  at  the 
passing  of  any  great  personage  through   a 
crowd,     See  Cov.  Myst.  p.  131.    In  the  fol- 
lowing passages  it  means  the  withdrawal  of 
dishes  from  the  table.     See  also  Harrison's 
Description  of  England,  p.  161. 
Awoydes  tho  borde  into  tho  flore, 
Tase  away  tho  trestes  that  ben  so  store. 

JBoTce  of  Cwtasye,  p.  33. 

All  the  servyse  of  brede,  messes  of  kytchyn,  wyne, 
ale,  wax,  wood,  that  is  dispended  bothe  for  the  kings 
bourde,  and  for  the  hole  messe,  and  other  of,  the 
chaumbre,  and  as  well  the  servyse  for  the  king  for 
all  night,  as  the  greete  avoydes  at  feastes,  and  the 
dayly  drinkinges  betwixtmeles  in  the  kings  chaumbre 
for  straungers,  and  thereof  to  make  trew  recorde, 
and  to  bring  it  dayly  to  the  countyn|r-lx>urde  befor* 
Liber  Niger  Domw  #?£i*  £#«>.  IF",  p.  3T 


AVO 


119  AYO 


AVOIDANCE.  Expulsion;  avoidance.  See 
Prompt.  Parv.  pp.  19,  111 ;  Wright's  Monastic 
Letters,  p.  101. 

From  spyttytige  and  snyftynge  kepe  the  also, 
By  prevy  avoydanslet  hyt  go. 

Constitutions  of  Alasonry,  p.  38. 

AVOIDONS.  In  a  general  sense  means,  the  va- 
cancy of  a  benefice  by  death  or  removal  of  the 
incumbent;  hut  in  Monast.  Anglic,  ii.  198, 
quoted  in  Stevenson's  additions  to  Boucher,  it 
signifies  the  profits  during  such  a  vacancy. 
AVOIR.  Property.  (A.-N.) 

A  burgeis  was  in  Rome  toun, 
A  rlche  man  of  gret  renoun ; 
Marchaunt  he  was  of  gret  avoir, 
And  had  a  wif  was  queint  and  fair. 

Sewn  Sages,  2205. 

AVOIR-DE-PEISE.     Articles  of  merchandise 
that  are  sold  by  weight.  (A.-N.)     Cowell  says 
"  it  signifieth  such  merchandise  as  are  weighed 
by  this  weight,  and  not  by  Troy  weight." 
Hail  be  je,  marchans,  with  jur  gret  padces 
Of  draperie,,  avoir-de-peise,  and  jur  wol-saekes. 

Reliq.  Antiq.  ii.  1?5. 

AVOKE.  To  revoke ;  to  call  away  to  some  other. 

See  Rider,  Richardson,  and  Boucher,  in  v. 
AVOKET.  An  advocate.  (Lat.}  WicUiffe. 
AVONGE.  To  take.  See  Afonge. 

So  that  atte  lastc,  wat  halt  yt  to  tellelonge  ? 
The  kyng  bygan  and  ys  folc  Cristendom  avonge.     \ 
Rob.  Glouc.  p.  231. 

AVOOR.DIN.    Aifording.   Somerset. 
AVORD.     To  afford.     West. 

Becaze  the  bishop  zent  mun  word, 
A  could  not  meat  and  drink  avord. 

Peter  Pindar,  ed.  1794,  i.  286, 
AVORE.     Before.     West. 

My  ancestor  To-Paii  beat  the  first  kettle-drum, 
Avore  hun,  here  vrom  Dover  on  the  march. 

Tale  of  a  Tub,  i.  2. 

AVOREWARD.    At  first. 

And  hii,  wan  hii  were  i-suore,  other  sixe  toke. 
Gode  fourme  among  hum,  of  the  land  to  loke, 
And  of  the  deserites,  so  that  avorewitrd 
The  bissop  hii  chose  of  Bathe,  Water  GifFard, 
And  maister  Nicole  of  EH,  bissop  of  Wurcetre. 

Rob.  Giotto,  p.  567. 
AVOREYE.    Before. 

ich  bidde  the  hit  by  my  sseld, 

Aweye  the  wycked  vend.     MS.  Amndel  57,  f.  2, 

A.VORN.    Before  him.     West. 

AVOTE.    On  foot. 

Myd  syx  hondred  kynjtes,  and  thre  thousend  men  avotf, 

Cadour,  erl  of  Comwayle,  ajen  hym  he  sende. 

Rob.  Glouc.  p.  168. 

AVOUCH.  Proof;  testimony.  Shakespeare  has 
this  and  also  avouchment  in  the  same  sense. 

AVOURE.     Confession ;  acknowledgment. 
He  bad  him  stand  t'abide  the  bitter  stoure 
^>f  his  sore  vengeaunce,  or  to  make  avowe 
Of  the  lewd  words  and  deedes  which  he  had  done. 
The  Faerie  Queene>  VI.  iii,  48. 

AVOIJRY.  An  old  law  term,  nearly  equivalent 
to  justification.  Nares. 

TherforeawaywJth  these  avourles  i  let  God  alone 
be  our  avowryef  what  have  we  do  to  runne  liether 
or  thether,  butonely  to  the  Father  of  heaven  ? 

Learner's  Sermons,  ed.  1571,  f.  84. 

AVOOTKER.  An  adulterer.  (^.-JV.)  Also  an 
adultress,  as  in  Prompt.  Parv.  p.  19. 


For  in  this  world  nis  doggefor  the  bowe, 

That  can  an  hurt  dere  from  an  hole  y-knowe, 

Bet  than  this  sompnour  knew  a  slie  lechour, 

Or  an  avoutrer,  or  a  paramour.  Chaucer,  Cant.T.  6954. 

AVOUTR.YE.  Adultery.  See  Chaucer,  Cant.  T. 
6888,  9309;  Reliq.  Antiq.  i.  29 ;  Hartstome's 
Met.  Tales,  p.  170 ;  Apology  for  the  Lollards, 
p.  78,  (jL-N.) 

And  he  begotyn  in  avoutrye, 
Othir  ellys  barayn  bastard  born. 

MS.  RawLPoet.  118. 

AVOW.  (1)  Avow;  an  oath.  (A.-N.) 

He  sayd,  sirs,  in  jour  curnpany 
Myne  avow  make  I.      Rottson's  Romances,  p.  61. 
And  to  mende  my  misse  I  make  nayn  avoive. 

Will,  and  the  Werwolf  p.  20 

(2)  To  allow ;  to  pardon. 

Wold  thou  speke  for  me  to  the  kyng, 
He  wolde  avow  me  my  slyngyng. 

MS.  Cantab.  Ff.  v.  48,  f-  53. 

(3)  The  term  avowed  seems  to  he  used  in  the 
sense  of  covered,  in  Orpheo,  ed.  Laing,  325. 
See   the    quotation   under  Bonsour.      Tlie 
MS.  Ashmole  61  reads  amelyd  in  the  same 


AVOWE.  (1)  The  patron  to  a  henefice.  Cowcll 
says  the  Avowe  is  «*  he  to  whom  the  right  of 
advowson  of  any  church  appertained,  so  that 
he  may  present  thereunto  in  his  own  name." 
See  Ritson's  Robin  Hood,  i.  42. 

(2)  An  advocate. 

And  hendely  they  bysechith  the 
That  thou  beo  heore  avow&g 
Forgeve  heom,  sire,  thy  maitalent; 
They  woldo  thy  comaundeinent. 

KingMisawider,  3360. 

(3)  Patronage.  The  Heralds'  College  MS.  reads 
avowery,  q.  v. 

Vorthoru  awwe  of  him,  the  sonebigan  thatstrif. 

Rob.  CXotic.  p.  477. 

AVOWERY,    Patronage;  protection.    (^.-A7.) 
See  LangtofVs  Chronicle,  pp.  180,  260.     It 
also  means  cognizance,  badge,  distinction,  as 
in  the  Archaeologia,  xvii.  296. 
Y  telle  ou  for  sothe,  for  al  huere  bobaunce 
Ne  for  the  avoicene  of  the  kyng  of  Ftaunce, 
Tuenti  score  an  t  fy  ve  haden  ther  meschauuce. 

Wright's  Pol.  Songs,  p.  18£ 

AVOWT.  A  countenance.  (4.-N.)  Perhaps  a 
is  here  the  article,  but  the  compound  is  again 
found  in  the  same  form. 

He  weres  his  vesere  with  avowt  noble. 

Morte  Arthure,  MS.  JU'nco/n,  f,  85. 
AVO"WTER.     Adultery.    [Avowter^?] 

Than  the  secound  schal  be  his  wif  bi  resoun  of 
avowtej;  and  he  schal  be  cursid  but  if  he  tak  to  her  as 
to  has  wif.  Apology  for  the  Lollards,  p.  78. 

AVOY.  (1)  A  cry  used  to  call  hounds  out  of 
cover.  See  Sir  H.  Dryden's  Twici,  p.  45. 

(2)  Avoid;  leave;  quit. 

And  in  the  dark  forth  she  goeth 

Till  she  him  toucheth,  and  he  wiothe, 

And  after  her  with  his  hand 

He  smote :  and  thus  wlkn  she  him  found 

Diseased,  courteously  she  said,— • 

Awy,  my  lord,  I  am  a  maid  ; 

And  if  ye  wist  what  I  am> 

And  out  of  w.hat  lineage  I  <^me, 

Ve  would  not  be  so  salvage. 

Gower,  ap.  Knight*  ShaX<  xi,  3^K 


AWA  * 

AvUIL.    April.    North. 

AVRORS.    Frozen.    West. 

AVURN.    Slovenly  in  dress.     Beds. 

AVY.   (I)  Vow;  oath. 

Thou  base  mad  thy  avy  wyth  xij .  men  for  to  f yjte, 
Of  al  oure  Bonder  company  the  alre-beste  knyjte. 

MS.  Ashmole  33. 

(2)  A  navy.     [Aneavy?] 

Ane  avy  of  shippes  tha  spyed  thame  before, 
"Which  when  thay  mett,  tha  myght  well  ken 
Howe  thay  were  Troyanes  and  banished  men ; 
Antyoner  was  lodesman,  none  wordier  his  place, 
And  Corenius  graunde  captayne  of  thole  race ; 
There  was  great  joye  when  eche  other  dyd  boorde, 
Sone  was  accordement,  and  Brute  chosen  lorde. 

MS.  Lansd.  208,  f.  8. 

AVYEDE.    Showed  the  way.    (A.-N.) 

Sir  Arthure  and  Gawayne  avyede  theme  bothene. 
To  sexty  thosandez  of  mene  that  in  theire  syghte 
hovede.  Mortv  Arthure,  MS.  Lincoln,  f.  92. 

AVYNET.    In  the  middle  ages  a  collection  of 
fables  from  Avienus  was    called  an  Avynet, 
from  ^Esop,  an  JEsopet,  &c. 
By  the  po  feet  is  understande, 
As  I  have  lerned  in  Avynet. 

Piers  Ploughman,  p.  243. 

AVYOWRE.  See  an  instance  of  this  form  of 
the  word  in  the  Plumpton  Correspondence, 
p.  192. 

A-VYSSETH.    A-fishing. 

A-day  as  he  wery  was,  and  a  suoddrynge  hym  nome, 
And  ys  men  were  y-wend  avysseth,  seyn  Cutbert  to 
hym  com.  Rob.  Glouc.  p.  264. 

AW.  (1)  I.  Northumb.  So  we  have  awm,  I  am; 
awst,  I  shall ;  awve,  I  have ;  aw'  thar  sayj  I 
dare  say. 

(2)  Yes.     Warw. 

(3)  Totally.     Craven. 

(4)  AIL    North. 

Listeneth  now  to  Merlins  saw, 
And  I  woH  tell  to  aw, 
What  he  wrat  for  men  to  come, 
Nother  by  greffe  ne  by  plume. 

Warton,  iii.  135. 

(5)  To  owe.    See  the  quotations  given  in  Ste- 
venson's additions  to  Boucher,  and  below  in 
v.  Awe. 

AWAHTE.  Awoke.  (A.-S.)  See  a  quotation 
from  an  early  MS.  in  the  Cottonian  Library,  in 
Stevenson's  additions  to  Boucher. 

AWAIT.  (1)  Watch;  ambush.  (A.-N.) 
The  leon  sit  in  his  awaite  alway 
To  sle  the  innocent,  if  that  he  may. 

Chaucer,  Cant.  T.  7239. 

(2)  To  attend  upon ;  to  watch.    (A.-N.) 

And  this  sire  Urre  wold  never  goo  from  sire 
Launcelot,  but  he  and  sirLavayn  awayted  evermore 
upon  hym,  and  they  were  in  all  the  courte  accounted 
for  good  knyghtes.  Morte  d' Arthur,  ii.  387. 

Ther  is  ful  many  an  eye  and  many  an  ere 
Awaiting-  on  a  lord,  and  he  not  wher. 

Chaucer,  Cant.  T.  7634. 
But  keepith  wel  your  toum,  how  so  befall, 
On  Thorsday  next,  on  which  we  awayte  all. 

Hoecleve'*  Poems,  p.  70. 

And  so  dely  vered  me  the  said  book  thenne,  my  lord 
therle  of  Oxenford  awayting  on  his  said  grace. 

Caxton's  Vegecius,  sig.  S.  v. 


l(j  AWA 

AWAITER.    An  attendant.    In  the  ordinances 
for  the  household  of  George  Duke  of  Clarence, 
1493,  in  "  the  estate,  rule,  and  governaunce 
of  the  seid  prince  in  his  ridinge,  beinge  de- 
parted from  his  standing  housholde,"  mention 
is  made  of  "  xij.  esquiers  awaiters,  and  every 
of  them  j.  persone."   See  the  Ordinances  and 
Regulations,  1790,  p.  98. 
AWAKID.    Awake.    Somerset. 
AW  ALE.    To  descend.  (A.-N.) 

The  post  ben  grete  and  noujt  smal, 
How  nmte  the  rofe  awale  ? 

MS.  Cantab.  Dd.  i.  17. 

AWANTING.    Deficient  to ;  wanting  to. 

Nothing  was  awantinghex  that  might  conferre  the 
least  light  or  lustre  to  so  faire  and  well-composed  a 
temper.  Two  Lancashire  Lovers,  1640,  p.  2. 

AWAPE.  To  confound ;  to  stupefy ;  to  astound. 
(A.-S.)  See  Kyng  Alisaunder,  899,  3673 ; 
Troilus  and  Creseide,  i.  316. 

Fram  this  contek  that  were  ascaped, 
Sore  adrad  and  aw  aped. 

Arthour  and  Merlint  p.  120. 
And  he  allone  awapid  and  amate, 
Comfortles  of  eny  creature.        MS.  Digby,  230. 
AWARANTYSE.    Assuredly.    It  is  so  explained 

in  a  glossary  in  the  Archaeologia,  xxx.  404. 
AWARD.    To  ward  off;  to  bear  off.    Rider  has, 

"  To  award  a  blow,  ictum  infiibere." 
AWARE.  (1)  To  be  aware  of  the  approach  of 
any  one. 

And  riding  towards  Nottingham, 

Some  pastime  for  to  spy ; 
There  was  he  aware  of  a  jolly  beggar, 
As  ere  he  beheld  with  his  eye. 

Ritson'a  Robin  Hood,  ii.  123. 

(2)  An  exclamation  for  making  attendants  in 
large  establishments  prepared  for  the  approach 
of  some  one. 

Come,  saies  hee,  thou  shaltsee  Harry,  onckle,  the 
onely  Harry  in  England ;  so  he  led  him  to  the  cham- 
ber of  presence,  and  ever  and  anon  cryes  out,  Aware, 
roome  for  me  and  my  uncle ! 

Armin's  Nest  of  Ninnies,  1608. 

AWARIE.   To  curse.  (A.-S.) 
Thenne  spac  that  holde  wif, 
Crist  awarie  hire  lif !  MS.  Digby  86,  f.  1(57. 

Theves,  ye  be  ded,  withouten  lesinge, 
Awarid  worth  ye  ichon.     Gy  of  WarwiTce,  p.  166. 
AWARN.  To  warn ; .  to  forewarn. 

That  all  our  friends  that  yet  remaine  alive, 
Male  be  awarrid  and  save  themselves  by  flight. 

The  True  Tragedie,  1595 

AWARP.  To  bend;  to  cast  down.  (A.-S.) 
Eld  me  awarpeth, 
That  mi  schuldren  scharpith, 

And  jouthe  me  hath  let.      Reliq.  Antiq.  ii.  210. 
AWARRANT.    To  warrant ;  to  confirm. 

Yf  the  Scriptures  awarrant  not  of  the  mydwyfes 

reporte, 

The  authour  telleth  his  authour,  then  take  it  in 
sporte.  Chester  Plays,  i.  4. 

AWART.    Thrown  on  the  back  and  unable  to 

rise,  spoken  of  cattle.    North. 
A-WASSCHEN.   Washed. 

Seththe  [thei]  a-ioaeschen,  I  wene, 
And  wente  to  the  sete. 

Warton's  Hist.  Engl.  Poet.  i.  10* 

A-WATER.  On  the  water.  See  Piers  Ploughman, 


AWE 


121 


AWE 


pp.  342,  388.     Here  it  seems  to  be  a  phrase 
implying  disorder. 

But  If  he  had  broke  his  arme  as  wel  as  his  legge, 
when  he  fell  out  of  hoaven  into  Lemnos,  either 
Apollo  must  have  plaied  the  bone-setter,  or  every 
occupation  beene  layde  a-water. 

Gossan's  Schoole  of  Abuse,  1579. 

AWAY.  (1)  A  way.  Coverdale  translates 
Jeremiah,  xliii.  12,  "And  shall  departe  his 
awaye  from  thence  in  peace/'  — (f.  43.) 

(2)  Past.     "  This  week  away."  Beds. 

AWAY-GOING-.  Departure.  See  Bafflie's  Let- 
ters, i.  68,  quoted inthenewedition  of  Boucher. 
If  I  recollect  rightly,  the  word  occurs  in  a 
prose  tract  in  the  Thornton  MS. 

AWAY-THE-MARE.  A  kind  of  proverbial  ex- 
pression,  apparently  meaning,  farewell  to  care. 
It  occurs  twice  in  Skelton,  and  other  references 
are  given  in  the  notes,  p.  162.  The  follow- 
ing example  occurs  in  a  poem  attributed  to 
Skelton. 

Away -the mar -e,  quodWalis, 
I  set  not  a  whitinge 

By  all  their  writing.      Doctour  Doubbte  Ale. 
AWAYWARD.    Going  away ;  away. 

A-nijt  as  he  aivayward  was, 

An  angel  to  him  cam.  Joachim  and  Anne,  p.  164. 

Faste  awaywarde  wold  thou  ryde, 

He  is  so  fowle  a  wyghte. 

MS.  Lincoln,  A.  i.  17,  f .  103. 
His  chere  aweywarde  fro  me  caste, 
And  forth  he  passid  at  laste. 

Gower,  MS.  Soc.  Antiq.  134,  f.  39. 

AWAY-WITH.  To  endure.  See  Isaiah,  i.  13 ; 
Greene's  Works,  i.  135 ;  Webster's  Works, 
ii.  112. 

He  was  verie  wise,  modest,  and  warie,  being  no- 
thing delicat  in  his  fare,  nor  curious  of  hisapparell. 
He  could  awaie  with  all  wethers,  both  hot  and  cold, 
and  indure  anie  paines. 

HoUnsfted,  Conquest  of  Ireland,  p.  38. 

AWBEL.  "  Awbel  <fr  ebelle  tre,"  is  translated 
in  the  Prompt.  Parv.  by  elonus,  mdurnus. 
Although  scarcely  agreeing  with  the  Latin 
terms,  it  probably  means  the  abele,  or  white 
poplar,  which  is  called  elbel  in  the  eastern 
counties. 

AWBLAST.  An  arbalest.  This  form  of  the  word 
occurs  in  MS.  Bib.  Keg.  17  C.  xvii,  f.  57.  \ 

AWCTE.   Possessed. 

Quanne  that  was  sworn  on  his  wise, 
The  king  dede  the  mayden  arise, 
And  the  erl  hire  bitaucte, 
Andal  the  londhe  evere  atocte.  HavelcTe,  207. 
AWD.   Old.   North.  \ 

My  Maugh  did  say  this  hay'l  be  nought,  you'l  see ; 
I  find  an  awd  ape  now,  hes  an  awd  ee  ! 

Yorkshire  Dialogue,  p.  55. 

AWDRYES-DAY.  St.  ^theldrytha's  day.  See 
Paston  Letters,  ii.  248,  quoted  in  Hampson's 
Kalendarium,  ii.  26. 

AWE.    (1)    Ought.    See  Towneley  Mysteries, 
pp.  24, 55 ;  Robson's  Met.  Romances,  p.  26. 
I  awe  thurghe  ryghte  the  to  lufe  ay, 
And  to  love  the  bathe  nyghte  and  daye. 

MS.  Lincoln,  A,  i.  17,  f.  189. 
Sen  we  are  comen  to  Calvarie, 
Lat  ilke  man  helpe  now  as  hym  awe. 

Early  Mysteries,  WalpoleMS. 


(2)  To  own ;  to  possess ;  to  owe.    See  Ywaine 
and  Gawin,  720 ;  Robson's  Met.  Romances, 
p.  2  7,  for  instances  of  this  last  meaning. 

Als  I  sat  upon  that  lowe, 

I  bigan  Denemark  for  to  awe.        HaveloJe,  1292 

(3)  An  ewe. 

Awe  bleteth  after  lomb, 

Lhouth  after  calve  cu  ; 
Bulluc  ^terteth,  bucke  verteth, 

Murie  sing  cuccu.  Ritson's  Ancient  Songs,  1. 11. 

(4)  "  For  love  ne  for  awe,"  Will,  and  the  Wer- 
wolf, p,  195,  a  proverbial  expression  not  un- 
common in  the  old   English  metrical  ro- 
mances. See  an  instance  in  R.  de  Brunne.  MS 
Harl.l701,f.l8. 

AWEARIED.  Wearied;  tired. 

Heere  the  nobles  were  of  sundrie  opinions :  for 
some  awearied  with  the  note  of  bondage,  would 
gladlie  have  had  warres:  other,  having  regaid  to 
their  sons  lieng  in  hostage  with  the  enimies,  would 
in  no  wise  consent  thereto. 

Holinshtid,  Hist,  of  Scotland,  p.  90. 

AWE-BAND.   A  check  upon.    The  word  occurs 

with  this  explanation  in  the  Glossographia 

Anglicana  Nova,  ed.  1719,  in  v.  but  it  seems  to 

be  properly  a  Scotch  word.  See  Jamieson,  in  v. 

AWECCHE.   To  awaken. 

O  frere  ther  wes  among, 

Of  hereslep  hem  shulde  awecche, 

Wen  hoe  shulden  thidere  recche. 

Retiq.  Antiq.  ii.  278 
AWEDE.    To  become  mad ;  to  lose  the  senses. 
(A.-S.)    See  Lybeaus  Disconus,  395,  618, 957 ; 
Sir  Tristrem,  p.  297 ;  Rob.  Glouc.  p.  162. 
And  wept  evere  as  it  wolde  awede  for  fere. 

Will,  and  the  Werwolf y  p.  3. 
And  told  bothe  squier  and  knight, 
That  her  quen  awede  wold. 

Sir  Orplieo,  ed,  Laing^  49. 
AWEIGHTTE.  Awoke.   (A.-S.) 

The  kyng  swoghened  for  that  wounde, 
And  hastilich  hymself  aweighttet 
And  the  launce  out  pleightte, 
And  lepe  on  fote  with  swerd  of  steel, 
And  gan  hym  wereswlthe  wel. 

Kyng  Alisattndert  5858. 

AWELD.  To  govern;  to  rule.  (A.-S.) 
Eld  nul  meld  no  murthes  of  mai ; 
"When  eld  me  wol  aweld,  mi  wele  is  a-wai. 

Rehq.  Antiq.  ii.  210. 

AWEN.  Own.   North. 

Our  Henry,  thy  awen  chose  knight, 
Borne  to  enherite  the  region  of  Fraunce 
By  trewe  discent  and  be  title  of  right. 

Reliq.  Antiq.  i.  228. 
Bot  to  the  kynge  I  rede  thou  fare 

To  wete  his  awenne  wille       Sir  Perceval,  320. 
AWENDEN.  Thought. 

The  Jewes  out  of  Jurselem  awe*den  he  were  wode. 
Reliq.  Antiq.  i.  144. 

AWENSWERABLE.   Answerable. 

To  use  all  pleasures  in  suche  mediocrytie,  as 
should  be  accordinge  to  reason,  and  awentiverable  to 
hones  tie.  ArchtBologiatyxvm.l5Q. 

AWER.    An  hour.  Lane. 

Wake  on  awyr  for.  the  love  of  me, 
And  that  to  me  ys  more  plesaunce 
Than  yff  thu  sent  adj.  kyngs  free 
To  my  sepuUcyr  with  grett  puysschaunce, 
For  my  dethe  to  take  vengeaunce. 

Mind,  Will,  and  Vndentanding,  p.  19. 


AWH 


122 


AWL 


AWET.   Know. 

Bemey  home  we  schall  awet 
Yeff  Roben  Hode  be  nerhande,     Robin  Hood,  i.  93. 
AWEYNYD.  Weaned. 

Manhode  is  y-com  now,  myne  own  dere  sone, 
It  is  tyme  thow  be  aweynyd,  of  thyn  old  wone. 

History  ofBeryn,  512. 
AWF.  (1)  An  elf.   North. 

Some  silly  doting  brainelesse  calfe, 
That  understands  things  by  the  halfe, 
Say  that  the  fayrie  left  this  aulfe, 
And  tookeaway  the  other, 

Drayton't  Poems,  p.  171. 
(2)  An  idiot  ;  a  noodle.  North. 
AWFRYKE.  Africa. 

Lystenyth  now,  y  schall  yow  telle, 
As  y  fynde  in  parchement  spelle, 
Of  syr  Harrowee,  the  gode  baron, 
That  lyeth  in  AtoffyTte  in  pryson. 

MS.  Cantab.  Ff.  ii.  38,  f.  217. 

AWFUL.  (1)  Obedient  ;  tinder  due  awe  of  au- 
thority. 

We  come  within  our  awful  banks  again, 
And  knit  our  powers  to  the  arm  of  peace. 

2  Henry  IV,  iv.  1. 
(2)  Fearful;  fearing.   Rider. 
AWGHT.   Ought. 

Thefyerthe  es  for  he  es  uncertayne 
Whethyr  he  salle  wende  to  joy  or  payne  { 
Who  so  wyll  of  there  fowre  take  hede, 
Hym  awght  gretly  the  dedehere  to  drede. 

Hampole,  MS,  Bowes,  p.  61. 

AWGHTEND.   The  eighth. 

The  awghtend  has  this  curssyng  laght, 
Als  thei  that  deles  wyth  wychcraft, 
And  namely  with  halowyd  thynge, 
Als  with  howselle  or  cremyng, 

Hampole,  MS.  Bowesj  p.  7. 

AWGRYM.   Arithmetic. 

Than  satte  summe,  as  siphre  doth  in  awgrym, 
Thatnoteth  a  place,  and  no  thing  availith. 

Deposition  of  Richard  II.  p  .  29, 
A-WHARF.   Whirled  round. 

And  wyth  quettyng  a~wharf,  er  he  wolde  lyjt, 

Syr  Gawayne,  p.  82. 

A-WHEELS.  On  wheels.    Far.  dial  The  term 

is  used  by  Ben  Jonson. 

AWHERE.   Anywhere.  See  SMnner's  observa- 
tions on  this  word  in  the  fourth  part  of  his 
Etymologicum,  who  says  it  means  desiderium, 
and  hence  Coles  explains  it  desire. 
3y  f  thou  madest  awh&re  any  vowe 
To  wurschyp  God  for  thy  pro  we. 


For  yf  my  foot  wolde  awher  goo, 
Or  that  myn  hod  wolde  ellis  do, 
Whan  that  myn  herte  istherajen, 
The  lemenautit  is  alle  in  vayne. 

Cower,  MS.  Soc.  Avtiq.  134,  f.  168. 

I  knowe  ynough  of  this  matter,  Pamphagus,  not 

thither  aiohere  but  riche.  Acolastus,  1540. 

AWHEYNTE.  To  acquaint. 

Awheynte   the  noght  withe  ilke  man  that  thou 
metest  in  the  strete, 

Howe  the  goode  Wif  thaught  hir  Daughter,  p.  9. 
AWHILE.  Awhilst.  It  is  used  as  a  verb  in 
some  counties  in  the  expression,  "I  can't 
awhile"  i.  e.  I  can't  wait,  I  have  no  time.  As 
a  preposition  it  means,  until,  whilst. 
WHOLE.  Whole  ;  entire.  Somerset. 


A-WILLED.  Willed. 

That  had  a>willed  his  wyll  as  wisdom  him  taughtt 
Deposition  of  Richzrd  II.  p.  ^ 
AWING.  Owing. 

And,  madam,  there  is  one  duty  awing  unto  mr 
part  wherof  was  taken  or  my  master  deceased ,  whose 
soul  God  have  mercy,  and  most  part  taken  to  your- 
telfe  since  he  died.      Plumpton  Correspondence,  p.  41. 
AWINNE.    To  win;  to  accomplish  a  purpose. 
See  Reliq.  Antiq.  ii.  243 ;  Hartshorne's  Met. 
Tales,  p.  87  ;  Sir  Tristrem,  p.  238. 
For  al  hire  wrenche,  and  al  here  ginne, 
The  more  love  sche  ne  might  atvinne. 

Sevyn  Sages,  1822. 

AWIRGUD.  (1)  Accursed.    Verstegan. 
(2)  Strangled;  throttled. 
A-WITB.  To  accuse.   (A.-S,) 

Be  not  to  hasty  on  brede  for  to  bite, 
Of  gredynes  lest  men  the  wolde  a-wite. 

Reliq.  Antiq.  i.  157. 
AWITH.  (1)  Ought. 

And  if  the  prest  sacre  Crist  wan  he  blessith  the 
sacrament  of  God  in  the  auter,  awitn  he  not  to 
blessith  the  peple  that  dredith  not  to  sacre  Crist  ? 

ApoUgyfor  the  Lollards,  p.  30, 

(2)   Away.     This  is  Hearne's  conjecture  in  a 

passage  in  Peter  Langteft,  p.  99. 
AWKERT.  Perverse  ;  stubborn  ;  obstinate ;  xm- 
accountable.    North.    The  adverb  awkertly  is 
also  used.    Awkward  occurs  in  a  similar  souse 
in  Shakespeare : 

Was  I,  for  this,  nigh  wrackt  upon  the  sea, 

And  twice  by  awkward  wind  from  England's  bank 

Drove  back  again  unto  my  native  clime  f 

2  Henry  VI.  iii.  2. 

And  undertook  to  travaile  dangerous  waies, 
Driven  by  aukward  winds  and  boisterous  seas. 

Drayton's  Forms. 

AWKWARDE.  Backward.  Shakespeare,  Mar- 
lowe, and  Drayton,  have  awkward  for  adverse 
winds.  See  Palsgrave,  f.  83. 

The  emperour  thane  egerly  at  Arthurehe  strykes, 
Awkwwde  on  the  umbrere,  and  egerly  hym  hittez. 
MorteArthurc,  MS.  Lincoln)  f.  77- 

AWLATED.  Disgusted.    (^.-£) 

Vor  the  king  was  somdel  awlated,  and  to  gret  despit 

it  nom, 

That  fram  so  unclene  thinges  eni  mete  him  com, 
And  net  it  do  out  of  is  court,  and  the  wrecches 
ssame  do.  Rob.  Glouc.  p.  485. 

AWLDE.    Old.    Somerset. 

For  he  that  knawes  wele  and  kane  se 
What  hymself  was,  andes,  and  salle  be, 
A  wyser  man  he  may  he  taulde, 
Whethyr  he  be  gowng  man  or  awlde, 
Than  he  that  kan  alle  othyr  thyng, 
And  of  hymself  has  no  knawyng, 

Hampole,  MS.  Bow^,  p.  17. 

AWLE.  All.  In  Songs  of  the  London  Prentices, 
p.  62,  we  read,  "  I'll  pack  up  my  awls  and  be- 
gone," apparently  meaning  all  his  properly. 
Bishop  Kennett  gives  the  following  as  an  "old 
Northern  song  over  a  dead  corps."  See  also 
the  Antiq.  Repert.  iv.  453. 

This  ean  night,  this  ean  night, 

Every  night  and  awle, 
Fire  and  fleet,  and  candle  light, 
And  Christ  receive  thy  sawle. 

,  1U33,  in  v.  FZert. 


AWN 


123 


AWE 


AWLUNG.    All  along ;  entirely  owing  to ;  all 

along  of.   North. 
AWLUS.  Always.    Lane. 
AWM.    A  measure  of  Rhenish  wine,  containing 
fourty  gallons,  mentioned  in  the  statute  12 
Car.  II.  c.  4. 

AW-MACKS.,  All  sorts ;  all  kinds.  North.  A 
Yorkshire  anecdote  is  told  of  a  well-known 
piscatory  judge  from  the  so-nth,  who,  taking  an 
evening's  walk  on  the  hanks  of  the  Ouse,  fell  in 
with  a  hoy  who  was  angling,  and  asking  him 
what  kind  of  fish  he  was  angling  for,  the  lad 
replied,  "Aw-macks."  The  word  was  a  poser 
to  his  lordship,  whc  afterwards  mentioning  the 
circumstance  to  some  of  his  acquaintance,  said 
he  fancied  before  then  that  he  knew  the  names 
of  every  kind  of  fresh-water  fish  in  the  coun- 
try, hut  that  he  had  tried  in  vain  to  find  any 
notice  of  awmacks- 
AWMBELYNGE.  Amhling. 

Now  Gye  came  faste  rydynge 
On  a  mewle  wele  awmbelynge. 

MS.  Cantab.  Ff.  ii.  38,  f.  153. 
AAYMBRERE.  An  almoner.    Prompt.  Parv. 
AVMBYR.    A  liquid  measure ;  a  kind  of  wine 
vessel.    See  Prompt.  Parv.  p.  19;  Ducange, 
in  v.  Ambra  ;  Qu.  Rev.  Iv.  377. 
AWME.  (1)  A  suspicion. 

Thys  tale  was  tolde  on  the  Thursday, 
That  they  wolde  redly  come  on  the  Fry  day  j 
And  also  in  that  cete"  was  sayde  the  same, 
And  theroff  had  owre  kynge  an  awme. 

Arch<BQlogia>  xxi.  62. 

(2)  To  guess.  Palsgrave,  in  his  Table  of  Verbes, 
f.  156,  has, "  /  awme,  I  gesse  by  juste  measure 
to  hytte  or  touche  a  thyng,  je  esme,  prime 
conjuga,  and.;e  prens  man  esme,  fay  prins  mon 
esme,  prendre  mon  esmet  conjugate  inje  prens, 
I  take.  I  wyll  awme  to  hytte  yonder  bucke  in 
the  paunche,  Je  esmeray,  or  jeprendray  mon 
esme  de  f  rapper  ce  dayn  la,  a  lapance."  See 
further  observations  on  this  word  in  v.  Ame. 

And  whenne  he  is  entred  his  covert,  thei  oughte 
to  tarye  til  thei  awme  that  he  be  entred  two  skylful 
bowshotes.  MS.  Bodl.  546. 

AWMNERE.    An  almoner.    See  Amner. 

The  awmnere  by  this  hathe  sayde  grace, 

And  the  almes-dysshe  hase  sett  in  place ; 

Ther  in  the  kerver  alofte  schalle  sette ; 

To  serve  God  fyrst,  withouten  lette,, 

These  other  lofes  he  parys  aboute, 

Lays  hit  rayd  dysshe,  withouten  doute. 

The  smalle  lofe  he  cuttes  even  in  twynne, 

Tho  over  dole  in  two  lays  to  hym. 

The  aumenere  a  rod  schalle  have  in  honde, 

As  office  for  almes,  y  undurstonde ; 

Alle  the  broken-met  hekepys,  y  wate, 

To  dele  to  pore  men  at  the  5  ate, 

And  drynke  that  leves  served  in  halle, 

Of  ryche  and  pore,  bothe  grete  and  smalle ; 

He  is  sworne  to  o verse  the  servis  wele, 

And  dele  it  to  the  pore  every  dele  j 

Selver  he  deles  rydand  by  way, 

And  his  almys-dysshe,  as  I  jou  say, 

To  the  porest  man  that  he  can  fynde, 

Other  allys,  I  wot,  he  is  trakynde. 

BoJce  of  Curtasye,  op.  Stevenson,  in  v, 
AWN,  (1)  To  own ;  to  acknowledge.  North. 
(2)  To  own ;  to  possess.  North. 


(3)  To  visit.    "  He  never  awns  MS"  i.  e. he  never 
visits  or  calls  upon  us.    Yor&sfi. 

(4)  Own.    See  Wright's MonasticLetters.p.  11 8; 
Hall,  Henry  IV.  f.  14. 

Kyng  Arthour  than  verament 
Ordeynd,  throw  hys  awne  assent, 
Thfe  tabull  dormounte,  withouten  lette. 

The  CoTctuolds  Daunce,  50, 

AWN'D.  Ordained.  Yorfah.  Kennett,  MS. 
Lansd.  1033,  gives  the  example,  "  I  am  awn'd 
to  ill  luck,  i.  e.  it  is  my  peculiar  destiny  or 
fortune." 

AWNDERNE.    An  andiron.    Prompt.  Parv. 
AWNE.  (1)  The  heard  of  corn ;  the  arista  of 
Linnaeus.     North.     Ray  has,    "  an  awn  or 
heard,  arista."— Diet.  Tril.  p.  7. 
(2)  Own. 

3onder,  thai  said,  commes  his  awne  sonne, 
That  his  aire  sail  be. 

ItS.  Cantab.  Ff.  v.48,  f.91. 

A~WNER.  A  possessor;  an  owner.  North.  Britton 

gives  this  as  an  early  form  of  altar.    See  his 

Arch.  Diet,  in  v. 

AWNSCHENYD.    Ancient.    Prompt.  Parv. 
AWN-SELL.   Own-self.    North.    So  also  awn- 

sells,  own-selves. 
AWNTROUSESTE.  Boldest;  mostventuresome. 

The  awntrouseste  mene  that  to  his  oste  lengede. 

Mote  Arthurs,  MS.  Lincoln,  f.70. 

AWNTURS.    Adventurous. 

He  hath  slayn  an  awnturs  knyghte, 
And  flemyd  my  quene  withowten  ryghte. 

MS.  Cantab.  Ff.  ii,  38,  f.  75. 
AWONDER.    To  surprise;  to  astonish.     See 
Gy  of  Warwike,  p.  197;  Will,  and  the  "Werwolf, 
p.  12.    Also,  to  marvel. 

On  his  shulder  a  crois  he  bare, 
Of  him  alle  atvondride  ware. 
Cursor  Mundi,  MS.  Coll.  Trin.  Cantab,  f.  112. 
Of  my  tale  ne  beoth  noght  awondTed> 
The  Frenshe  say  he  slogh  a  hundred, 

MS.  Arund.  Coll.  Arm.  58,  f.  267. 

AWORK.    On  work ;  into  work. 

Will  your  grace  set  him  aworJc? 

Bird  in  a  Gage>  i.  1. 

These  seditions  thus  renewing,  emboldened  the 
commonaltie  (of  London  especially)  to  uprore,  who, 
set  awwfte  by  meane  of  an  affray,  ranne  upon  mer- 
chauntes  straungers  chiefly,  as  they  are  commonly 
woont  to  doo,  and  both  wounded  and  spoyled  a 
great  number  of  them  before  they  could  be  by 
the  magistrates  restrained. 

PofydQre  Vergil,  ed.  1844,  p.  98. 

AWORTHE.  Worthily.    See  Poems  of  Scottish 

Kings,  p.  25.    The  following  example  is  taken 

from  an  early  copy  of  Sir  T.  More's  Elegy  on 

Elizabeth  of  York. 

Comfort  youre  son  and  be  you  of  god  chere, 
Take  alle  aworthe,  for  it  vrol  be  none  other. 

MS.  Sloans  1825,  f.  €9. 
AWOUNDED.    Wounded, 

I  was  awounded  ther  ful  sore 
That  I  was  nereded  therfbre. 

MS.Addit.  10036,  f.37. 
AWE.    Our.    North. 
AWRAKE.    Avenged.  (A.rS.) 
Thus  the  yong  jknight* 

For  sothe  y-slawe  was  thare; 
Tristrem  that  trewse  hight, 

Awrake  him  al  with  care  Sir  Tristrem,  p.  304. 


AWT 


124 


AX 


AWREKE.  To  avenge.  (^.-£)  It  is  used  for 
the  past  participle  in  Rob.  Glouc.  p.  3£8,  as 
Mr.  Stevenson  has  observed.  See  Rob.  Glouc. 
pp.  36, 136;  Holinshed,  Conquest  of  Ireland, 
p.  31.  See  Awroken. 

Quod  King  Richard:  Sith  it  is  so, 
I  wote  welt  what  I  have  to  do : 
I  shull  me  of  them  so  awrekQ, 
That  all  the  world  therof  shall  speke. 

Richard  Coar  de  Lion,  1771. 
And  "  mercy"  thai  criden  him  so  swiche, 
That  he  5ave  hem  respite  of  her  live, 
Til  he  had  after  his  baronage  sent, 
To  awreken  him  thourg5  jugement. 

Flor.  and  Blanch*  654, 

AWRENCHE.  To  seize. 

He  ne  myjt  no  ferther  blenche, 

The  dragon  cowde  so  many  awrencJie. 

MS.  Cantab.  Ff.  ii.  38,  f.114. 

AWRETE.    To  avenge.   This  form  of  the  word 
occurs  in  Rob.  Glouc.  p.   361,  where  Mr. 
Stevenson  considers  it  is  a  mistake  for  awrece, 
to  avenge.   (A.-S.) 
AWRITTEN.    Written.     Verstegan. 
AWRO.    Any. 

Is  ther  fallen  any  affray 
la  land  awro  -where  ? 

Towneley  Mysteries,  p.  273. 

AWROKEN.  Avenged.  See  Morte  d' Arthur, 
i.  13.  (A~S.) 

That  y  am  awroTcen  now 
Of  hym  that  my  fadur  slowe. 

MS.  Cantab.  Ff.  IK  38,  f.  119. 

AWRUDDY.  Already,    North. 

AWS-BONES.  According  to  Kennett,  MS. 
Lansd.  1033,  "ox-bones,  or  bones  of  the  legs 
of  cows  or  oxen,  with  which  boys  play  at  aws 
or  yawse."  Yorksh. 

AWSOME.    Appalling;  awful.   North. 

AWT.  (1)  All  the.   North. 

(2)  Out.  North. 

AWTALENT.    Evil  will.    (J<-S.) 

In  sacrylege  he  syned  sore, 

When  he  wrojht  after  the  fendes  lore, 

And  f ulfylled  hys  awtalent, 

And  dyde  the  fendes  commandment. 

MS.  dshmole  61,  f,  85. 
AWTER.  (1)  To  alter.    North. 
(2)  An  altar. 

Als  I  fynde  in  my  sawe, 
Seynt  Thomas  was  i-slawe, 
At  Cantyrbury  at  the  awter  ston, 
Wher  many  myraclys  are  i-don. 

Richard  Coer  de  Lion,  41. 
Als  so  a  preeste,  al  yf  he  be 
Synfulle  and  owte  of  charytfc", 
He  es  Goddes  mynyster  and  holy  kyrkes, 
That  the  sacrament  of  the  awter  wyrckes, 
The  whylk  es  never  the  lesse  of  myght, 
Alle  yf  the  preeste  here  lyffe  noght  ryght. 

Bampole,  MS.  Bowes,  p.  113. 

AWTERATION.   Alteration.    North. 
AWTERT.    Altered.    Tim  Boobin. 
AWTH.  (1)  AU  the.    North. 
(2)  Ought ;  anything. 

When  mey  father  geffe  me  atvtht 
Be  God  that  me  dere  bowth, 
Sche  stares  yn  mey  face. 

Frere  and  tho  Boy,  st.  xix. 


AWTHE.    Sad? 

Pilgremes,  in  speche  ye  ar  fulle  awths, 
That  shalle  I  welle  declare  you  why, 
Ye  have  it  hart,  and  that  is  rawthe, 
Ye  can  no  better  stand  therby, 
Thyng  that  ye  here. 

Towneley  Mysteries,  p.  274. 
AWTHYR.    Either. 

Alle  thase,  he  saycs,  that  com  of  Eve, 
That  es  alle  mene  that  here  behofes  leve, 
Whane  thai  are  borne,  what  so  thai  be, 
Thai  saye  awthyr  a-a  or  e-e. 

Hampole,  North  C.  MS* 

AWTS.    Oats.  Lane. 

AWVER.   Over.   Somerset. 

AWVISH.   (1)  Queer;  neither  sick  nor  well. 

North.    Qu.  elfish. 

(2)  Elfish.    Lane.    It  is  often  applied  to  a  wag- 
gish fellow;  but  it  is  sometimes  explained; 
"silly,  clownish."     The  adjective   awvtehly, 
horribly,  supernaturally,  is  also  used. 
AWWHERE.   Everywhere;  all  over. 

Now  thynk  me  what  payneis  bodies  suffir  here, 
Thorow  maladies  that  greveth  hem  atowhere. 

Hampole,  MS.  f .  6. 
AWYDE.    Owed. 

The  Archebysschoppe  of  Cawnterbury,  the  Erie  of 
Essex,  the  Lorde  Barnesse,  and  suche  other  as 
awyde  Kynge  Edwarde  good  wylle,  as  welle  in 
Londone  as  in  othere  places,  made  as  many  menne 
as  thei  myghte  in  strengthynge  the  seide  Kynge 
Edwarde.  WarkwortKs  Chronicle,  p.  15. 

AWYN.    Own.  North. 

Last  of  all  thedyr  gan  aprpche 

A  worthy  man,  hyr  awyn  ny  cosyn. 

MS.  Rawl.  Poet.  118. 

AWYRIEN.  To  curse ;  to  execrate.   (A.-S.) 

They  wolden  awyrien  that  wight 
For  his  wel  dedas, 
And  so  they  chewen  charite', 
As  chewen  shaf  houndes. 

Piers  PlouffJiman,  p.  490. 
AWYS. "  Awes;  makes  afraid. 
By  thys  ensample  that  us  awyst 
Y  rode  that  we  leve  alle  oure  foule  sawvs. 

MS.  Ear  I.  1701,  f.  11. 

AW3TE.    Ought. 

And  namely  sythen  hym  owif-h  to  mynystre  to  alle 
the  puple  the  precious  body  of  Crist,  aivyte  to  ab- 
stene  hym  fro  al  ydil  pleying  bothe  of  myraclys  and 
ellis.  Relig.  Antig.  ii.48. 

AX.  (1)  To  a^k.  A  common  archaism  and  pro- 
vincialism. This  word,  though  pure  Saxon,  is 
now  generally  considered  a  vulgarism.  The 
form  axse  occurs  in  the  Howard  Household 
Books,  p.  361.  To  ax,  in  the  North,  is  to  ask 
or  publish  banns  in  a  church,  and  when  they 
have  been  read  three  times,  the  couple  are  said 
to  be  ax'd  out. 

(2)  Mr.  Stapleton  conjectures  ax  in  the  following 
passage  to  mean  a  mill-dam.    See  Blount's 
Law  Dictionary,  in  v.  Hatches. 

Also  ther  is  a  ax  that  my  master  clamcth  the  keep- 
ing  of;  I  pray  you  let  them  have  and  occupie  the 
same  unto  the  same  tyrae,  and  then  we  shall  take  a 
dereccionin  everything. 

Plumpton  Correspondencet  P«  71  • 

(3)  "  To  hang  up  one's  ax,"  an  early  proveibial 
expression,  to  desist  from  fruitless  labour,  to 
abandon  an  useless  project.  See  Rob.  Glouc* 


AXW 


125 


AYE 


p.  561,  quoted  in  Stevenson's  additions  to 
Boucher. 

(4)  An  axletree.   Kent. 
AXEN.   Ashes.   West.   (A.-S.) 

Y  not  wharof  beth  men  so  prute; 
Of  erthe  and  oxen,  felle  and  "bone  ? 

Wrights  Pol.  Songs,  p.  203. 

AXEN-CAT.  A  cat  that  tumbles  in  the  ashes. 
Devon.  See  the  Exmoor  Glossary,  in  v. 
Axwaddle, 

AXES.  The  ague.  North.  Generally,  in  old 
writers,  it  is  applied  to  fits  or  paroxysms.  In 
a  fever  drink,  described  in  an  early  medical  MS. 
in  Lincoln  Cathedral,  f.  305,  the  herh  horseshoe 
is  to  be  taken,  and  a  pater  noster  said  "byfore 
the  axes."  See  Warkworth's  Chronicle, 
p.  23 ;  Prompt.  Parv.  p.  218  ;  Skelton's  Works, 
ii.  101 ;  Quair  of  James  I.  p.  54  ;  Troilus  and 
Creseide,  i.  627,  ii.  1315. 

AXEWADDLE.  To  wallow  on  the  ground. 
Devon.  An  axewaddler,  a  term  of  reproach 
in  a  similar  sense,  and  also,  a  dealer  in 
ashes. 

AXFETCH.  A  kind  of  pulse.  Sometimes  spelt 
axvetch  and  axwort.  It  is  the  same  as  horse- 
shoe. See  Gerard,  p.  1057. 

AXIL-NALIS.  Nails  or  holts  to  attach  the  axle- 
tree  to  the  hody  of  the  cart.  See  an  inventory 
dated  1465  in  the  Finchale  Charters,  p.  299. 
Palsgrave  has, "  axilnayle,  cheville  d'aixeul." 

AXING.    Request.    (^.-5.) 

And  they  him  sware  bis  axing-  fayrand  wel. 

Chaucer,  Cant.  T.  1828. 

AXIOMANCY.  Divinationby  hatchets.  Cockeram. 
AXLE-TOOTH.    A  grinder.    North. 
AX-PEDLAR.  A  dealer  in  ashes ;  a  person  who 

hawks  about  woodashes.  West. 
AXSEED.  Axfetch.  Minsheu. 
AXSY.  To  ask.  (A.-S.) 

Ho  that  wyll  there  oa-ay  Justus, 
Tokepe  hys  arnaes  fro  the  rustus, 

In  turnement  other  fyght ; 
Dur  he  never  forther  gon, 
Ther  he  may  fynde  justes  anoon, 
Wyth  syrLaiuifal  theknyght. 

Launfal,  1027. 

AXTREE.  The  axle-tree.    See  the  Nomenclator, 
P.  267 ;  Reliq.  Antiq.  ii.  78, 83.     . 
And  of  the  axtre  bitwene  the  polls  tweyne. 

L.vdgate,-MS.  Soc.  Antiq.  134,  f. 25. 
Thunder  and  earthquakes  raging,  and  the  rocks 
Tumbling  down  from  their  scyts,  like  mighty  blocks 
Rowl'd  from  huge  mountains, such  a  noise  they  make, 
As  though  in  sunder  heav'ns  huge  axtree  brake. 

Ttraytoris  Poems,  p.  219. 
AXUNGER.    Soft  fat ;  grease.  (Lai.) 

The  powder  of  earth- wormes,  and  axunger,  addeth 
further,  grounswell,  and  the  tender  toppes  of  the 
boxe-tree,  with  olibanum ;  all  these,  being  made  up 
and  tempered  together  to  make  an  emplaster,  he 
counselled!  to  bee  applyed  to  sinnewes  that  are  layed 
open.  ,  Topsetfs  Hi^i(M-yofSerpeMst^3 

AXWEDNESDAI.  Ashwednesday. 

So  that  an  Axwednesdai,  al  bi  the  Weste  ende, 
To  Gloucetre  he  wende,  mid  gret  poer  i-nou. 

Rot>.  Glouc.  p.  542, 

OWORT.   Axfetch.  Minshw. 


AY.  (1)  An  egg. 

The  ay  is  round,  and  signefieth 
He  sehal  have  the  sourmouncie, 
This  is  round  the  myddell  erd, 
Botheof  lewedandoflerid.  Kyng  AU*aunder>  W 

(2)  Ah  ! 

Ay  !  be-sherewe  yow  be  my  fay, 
This  wanton  clarkes  be  nyse  all  way. 

Ritson's  Ancient  Songsf  p.  10L 

(3)  Always ;  ever.   In  the  North  of  England,  it 
is  sometimes  employed  as  an  expression  of  sur- 
prise or  wonder. 

(4)  Yes.   Pronounced  i,  as,  indeed,  it  is  spelt  in 
most  old  books. 

AYANCE.   Against. 

At  pointe  terrible  ayance  the  miscreants  on  nyght, 
An  hevynly  mystery  was  schewyd  hym,  old  bookys 
reherse.  Percy's  Reliques,  p.  73, 

AYAYNE.   Again, 

Att  Cresse  he  foughte  ayayne, 

The  kynge  of  Berne  there  was  slayne. 

Rob.  Glouc.  p.  592, 

AYDER.    Either. 

Whan  ayder  ost  gan  other  asayle, 

Ther  began  a  strong  batayle.  Qctovian,  1507. 

Sche  thowth  lost,  be  the  rode, 

That  dydde  the  boye  eney  gode, 

Ayder  met  or  drey  nke.  Jfrere  and  the  Boy,  st.  iii. 
AYE.  (1)  Against.   See  the  Heralds'  College  MS. 
of  Rob.  Glouc.  quoted  in  Hearne's  ed.  p.  407 ; 
and  Stevenson's  additions  to  Boucher,  in  v. 
(2)  Fear ;  trouble.  (^.-£) 

Thi  men  er  biseged  hard  in  Dunbar  with  grete  aye. 
Langtoffs  Chronicle,  p.  275. 

AYED.    Aid. 

The  mutren  tot  is  on  their  lot, 
Theyr  heith  is  sore  decayed  j 
No  remedie,  thy  must  neads  die, 
Onles  God  he  tlieyr  ayed, 

Lambeth  Early  Books,  p.  270. 

AYEL.    A  forefather.   (A.-N.) 

And  whan  the  renoune  of  his  excellence, 

By  long  process©,  and  of  his  great  encrease, 

Came  by  the  report  unto  the  audience 

Of  his  ayel,  the  great  Astiages.     Bochas,  b.  ii.  c.  22.' 

AYENBIER.   Redeemer. 

Knelyng  and  praienge  after  thy  Lorde  thy 
maker,  thyn  ayeribier,  thy  love  and  thylovyer. 

MS.  BodL  423,  f.  182, 

AYENBYTE.    Remorse. 

This  boc  is  Dan  Michelis  of  Northgate,  y- write  an 
Englis  of  his  O3ene  hand,  thet  hatte  Ayenbyte  of 
Inwyt,  and  is  of  the  bochouse  of  Saynt  Austines  of 
Canterberi.  MS.  A>-undel5l,  f.2 

AYENE.    Again. 

He  camme  ayene  yet  the  next  wek, 
And  toke  awey  both  henne  and  chek. 

Reliq.  Antiq.  *.  5 

AYE-NOWE.    Enough. 

The  ernperoure  gafe  Clement  vreltliis  fele, 
To  lyfe  in  rech.es  and  in  wele, 

Aye-nowe  for  ever- more.  MS.Linioln  A,  1.  ^7i  f*}0ft 

AYENSAY.    Denial. 

Ther  is  none  ayentay  nor  excusacloun, 
Tyll  the  trouthe  be  rypped  into  the  roote. 

Lydgate,  MS.  Ashmoie  39,  t.  45. 
AYENST.  Against. 

Yes,  for  God,  then  sayd  Robyn, 

Or  eltes  I  were  a  fole  j 
Another  day  ye  wyll  me  clothe* 

Itrowe,  ayenft  the  yole.      Robin  Hood,  L7*» 


AYG 


1 


AYENSTONDE.     To    withstand.      See  Gesta 
Romanorum,  p.  53. 

And  whati  ony  such  token  was  sey  by  day  or  be 

nyght,  than  anonc  alle  maner  men  of  the  contrey 

made  hem  redy  to  aye)istonde,  yf  ony  enemyes  had 

MS.HarLW. 

AYENST-STONDYNGE.    Withstanding. 

He  made  a  lawe  that  every  ded  knyjt  shulde  be 
buried  in  his  armour  and  armys,  and  life  ony  mane 
weere  so  hardy  for  to  spoyle  him  of  his  armys  after 
that  he  were  y-buriede,  he  shulde  lesehis  life,  with- 
oute  ony  ayenst-stondynge.     Gesta  Romanorum,  p.  10. 
AYENWARDE.    Back.    (A.-S.) 
And  as  he  came  ayentoarde  privily, 
His  nece  awoke,  and  askith  who  goeth  there  ? 

Trvilw*  and  Creseide,  iii.  751- 

AYERE.  (1)    An  heir. 

And  scho  wille  pray  hir  sotie  so  fayre, 
That  we  may  samene  gete  an  ayere. 

MS.  Lincoln  A.  i.  17,  f.  S9« 

(2)  Breed. 

Many  fawcouns  and  faire. 
Hawk  is  of  nobille  ayere 
On  hisperkegunnerepayre. 

Syr  Eegrevante,  Lincoln  MS. 

(3)  Air ;  breath ;  atmosphere. 

Sothely  wicked  men  eorrumpith  here  neighbores, 
for  here  throte  is  liche  to  a  beriel  opynyng,  that 
sleeth  men  thorogh  evyl  ayere,  and  swelwith  hem 
jnne.  MS.  Tanner  16,  f.  29. 

The  tother  world  that  es  lawer, 
Whare  thesternesand  the  planotes  er?, 
Godd  ordaynd  anely  for  owre  behofe, 
Be  this  skylle,  als  I  kane  profe, 
The  ayere  fro  thethene,  and  theheete  of  sons, 
Sostaynes  the  erthe  heere  thare  we  wone. 

Sampole,  MS*  Bowes,  p.  42. 

(4)  To  go  out  on  an  expedition,  or  any  business. 
(A.-N.) 

There  awes  none  alyenes  to  ayere  appone  nyghttys 
With  syche  a  rebawdous  rowtte,  to  ryot  thy-selvene. 

Morte  Arthur e,  MS.  Lincoln,  f.  58. 
The  fader  seid  to  his  sone  dere, 
To  lawe  thu  shalt  go  ayere, 
And  coste  me  xx.  marke. 

MS.  Harl.  2382,  f.  119. 
AYEWARD.    Backward. 

And  lad  me  agen  into  the  plase  of  Paradice,  fro 
the  whiche  he  ravished  me,  and  eft  ayewcrd  he  led 
me  to  the  lake  ther  he  ravesshed  me. 

MS.  RawZ.  1104. 

AYFET.    Covet.    Rod.  Gloue. 
AYFULL.    High ;  proud  ;  awful.   See  the  He- 
ralds' College  MS.  of  Robert  of  Gloucester, 
quoted  in  Hearne's  edition,  p.  377,  where  the 
text  reads  heyvol,  q.  v. 
AYGHE.    Awe;  terror. 

Sum  for  gret  ayghe  and  dout, 
To  other  kinges  flowen  about. 
1  Arthvur  and  Merlin,  p.  18. 

AYGHT.    Height.    Mtson. 
AYGRE.     Sour.     This  is  merely  the  old  ortho- 
graphy of  eager,  but  is  still  in  use  in  York- 
shire,   See  Aigre. 

And  with  a  sodaine  vigour  it  doth  posset 
And  curd,  like  aygre  droppings  into  railke. 
The  thin  and  wholsome  blood. 

•Hamlet,  ed.  1623,  p.  258. 

AYGREEN.     The  houseleek.      See  Kennett's 
Glossary,  MS.  Lansd.  1033,  f.  28 ;  Prompt. 


AYR 

AYGULET.    An  aglet. 

Which  all  above  besprinckled  was  throughout, 
With  golden  aygulets  that  glistred  bright. 

The  Faerie  Queene,  II.  iii.  26. 

AYILD.    To  yield.    In  many  cases,  the  a  may 
probably  be  the  exclamation  A!      See  also 
Beves  of  Hamtoun,  p.  10,  where  it  is  some- 
what difficult  to  decide,  the   editor  having 
throughout  that  work  confused  the  pronoun  a 
with  the  .prefix  to  the  verb. 
Let  now  ben.  al  your  fight, 
And  ayild  the  to  this  knight.     Rembrun,  p.  47*. 
AYIR.    Air.    Somerset. 
AYL.    Always.     Skinner. 
AYLASTANDE.    Everlasting. 

That  woman  kynde  schuld  sustene  the  reprove 
of  aylastande  coupabilite"  amonge  men,  sc>he  that 
made  man  fall  into  synne.  MS.  Egerton  842,  f.  203. 

AYLASTANDLY.    Everlastingly. 

je  served  never  joye  aylastandly, 

For  je  fulfilled  nojt  thewarkes  of  mercy. 

MS.  Egerton  927. 

AYLEDE.    Possessed. 

Hir  aylede  no  pryde.  Sir  Perceval,  ICO. 

AYLIS.    Sparks  from  hot  iron.   It  is  translated 
'  by  firrine,  in  the  Cambridge  MS.  of  Walter 

de  Bibblesworth,  Keliq.  Antiq.  ii.  84. 
AYMANT.    A  diamond.    (A.-N.) 
Toherehusbandeaprecyouse  thyng, 
A  bracelet*  and  an  aymant  rynge.     MS.  Rawl.  258. 

AY-MEE.  A  lamentation.  See  Florio,  in  v«  Ah  / 
Cotgrave,  in  v.  Aachee. 

Nor  delude  the  object  he  affected,  and  to  whose 
sole  choice  he  stood  affyed  with  feined  ay-mecs. 

Two  Lancashire  Lovers,  p.  115. 

AYMERS.  Embers.  (A.-S.)  See  Forme  of  Cury, 
p.  40  ;  Reliq.  Antiq.  i.  52. 

Tak  the  croppe  of  the  redo  dok,  and  fald  it  in  a 
lefe  of  the  selvene,  and  roulle  it  in  the  aymers. 

MS.  Lincoln.  Met.  f.SOI. 

Tak  havremeale,  and  sawge,  and  laye  hem  in  hote 
aymers t  and  erly  at  morowe  sethe  hem  in  a  potte 
with  watur  and  wyne,  and  do  therto  oyniones  and 
Tolkes  of  eyrene,  and  thanne  serve  hit  forthe. 

MS.  Culin.  Middlehill,  f.  13. 

AYK.    Eyes. 

When  therl  seye  it  was  sir  Gii, 
Hefeldoun  on  knes  him  bi, 
And  wcpe  with  both  his  ayn. 

GytjfWartciJte,  p.  335, 

AYOH.    Awry ;  aslant ;  on  one  side.     Salop. 
AYONT.    Beyond.     North. 
A-YOTJ-A-HINNY.  A  Northern  nurse's  lullaby. 
See  Bell's  Northern  Rhymes,  p.  296;  Croft's 
Excerpta  Antiqua,  p.  107. 
AY-QUEUE.    Everywhere. 

Ay-quera  naylet  ful  nwe  for  that  note  ryched. 

SyrGawayne,  p.  24. 

AYRE.  (1)  An  heir.  See  Towneley  Mysteries, 
p.  114 ;  Audelay's  Poems,  pp.  4,  12 ;  Dial. 
Great.  Moral,  p.  233;  Ywaine  and  Gawin, 
3093 ;  MS.  Ashmole  33,  f.  46. 

Myn  honoure  sal  noght  passe  fra  this  generacioun 
in  alle  other  that  er  at  come  withouten  ayrex. 

MS.  Coll.  Eton.  10,  f.  16. 

(2)  Ready;  yare. 

Anone  the  squyer  made  him  ayre, 
Aria  by  hym-selfe  forth,  can  he  fare. 

Sqiiyr  of  Lowe  Degvt*  601* 


AYS 


127 


AZO 


(3)  Ere;  before. 

Ilde  he  ne  wylde  he  with  welle  and  wo, 
Scho  hade  hym  upe  with  hyre  to  go  ; 
Thus  tellys  he  sythen  with  mekylle  drede, 
Howagayue  hys  wylle  with,  hyre  hs  jede. 
Scho  lede  hym  tomakelle  felde, 
So  gretteane  ayre  he  never  behelde. 

R.  de  Brunne,  MS.  £owe$>  p.  22. 

(4)  Air. 

For  the  corrupcyowne  of  hys  hody, 
Y f  it  solde  lange  abowne  erthe  ly, 
Yt  moght  the  ayre  so  corrumpped  make, 
That  men  tharof  the  dede  solde  take. 

Hampole,  MS.  Bowes,  p.  37« 

AYREABLE.    Arable. 

Theire  haye,  theire  come  to  repe,  bynde,  or  mo  we, 
Setteoute  theire  falowes,  pastures,  and  lande  ayreable, 
MS.  Ashmole  59,  f.  19- 

AYEELY.    Early. 

Of  this  the  prophet  wy  tnes  beres 
In  a  salme  of  the  sawter  thorgh  this  vers  ; 
The  prophet  says  thus  als  wrytene  es, 
Ayrely  a  man  passes  als  the  gres, 
Ayrely  are  the  begynnyng  of  the  day 
He  florysches  and  passes  away. 

HampoZe,  North  C.MS. 

AYEEN.  Eggs.  IntheFonneofCury,p.  77,  the 
following  receipt  is  given  to  make  an  erbolate, 
a  kind  of  confection  composed  of  herbs, 
"  Take  persel,  myntes,  saverey,  and  sauge,  tan- 
sey,  Yervayn,  clarry,  rewe,  ditayn,fenel,  south- 
renwode ;  hewe  hem  and  grinde  hem  smale ; 
medle  hem  up  with  ayrene;  do  butter  in  a 
trap,  and  do  the  fars  therto,  and  bake  it  and 
messe  it  forth." 

Men  to  heora  threowe  drit  and  donge, 
With  foule  myren,  with  rotheres  lunge. 

Kyng  Alisaunder,  4719, 

AYRY,  (1)  To  make  an  aerie. 

Expressing  the  loftinesseof  the  mountaines  in  that 
shoore,  on  which  many  hawkes  were  wont  to  ayry. 

Draytoris  Poems,  p.  21. 
(2)  Joyful ;  in  good  spirits.    Skinner. 
AY-SCHELLE.    An  egg-shell. 
The  dragon  lay  in  the  strete, 
Myghte  he  nought  dure  for  hete ; 
Hefondith  tocreope,  asy  ow  telle, 
Ageyn  Into  the  ay-schelle.     Kyng  Altsaunder,  577* 

AYSCHETTE.    Asked. 

Mercy  mekelyche  of  hym  he  ayschette. 

Chron,  Vilodun.y.  25. 

AYSCHIS.  Ashes.  We  have  already  had  other 
forms  of  this  word,  and  more  may  probably 
be  met  with.  See  the  Liber  Niger  Domus 
Regis  Edw.  IV.  p.  85.  The  following  is  a 
curious  early  receipt  for  making  white 
soap. 

Tak  tweybushelleof  wood  ayschls,  and  abuschel 
of  lyme,  and  thre  buschelis  of  comun  v,yschi$,  so  that 
ther  be  no  ayschia  of  ook  therynne,  and  brenne  thi 
comun  apaches  twyes,  and  make  a  lye  in  the  same 
wyse  as  y  rehersitle  bifore,  and  put  it  in  a  vessel  with 
a  fiat  botme ;  and  in  ij .  galones  qf  that  lye,  put  iiij. 
U  of  tajowh,  what  talowh  evere  it  be,  and  evere  as  it 
sethith,  put  therto  more  of  lye  Into  the  tyme  that  o 
galone  toe  put  yn  M  tymes,  and  lokeit  be  wel  y-sterld 
among,  and  tak  up  therof  alwey  to  it  be  swich  as 
thou  wilt  have,  and  contynue  the  fire  wel,  and  thou 
schalt  not  faile.  MS.  Sloane  73,  f.  214. 

AYSE.  (1)  Ease.  (A.-N.)  ~~ 


So  that  sche  was  the  worse  at  ayse, 
For  sche  hath  thanne  no  servise. 

Gower,  JUS.  Soc.  Antiq.  134,  f.  238. 
Thus  may  a  traytour  baret  rayse, 
And  make  manye  men  ful  evele  at  ayse. 

Reliq.Antiq.ii.91. 
Thanne  was  Engelond  ath  ayse  ; 
Michel  was  suich  a  king  to  preyse, 
That  held  so  Englond  in  grith  1       Kavekk,  59. 
(2)  To  make  at  ease.  (A.-N,) 

I  made  it  not  for  to  be  praysed, 
Bot  at  the  lewed  mene  wereaysecf. 

Wartoris  Hist.jE.ngl.  Poet,  i,  68 

AYSELLE.  Yinegar.  « Aysell,  other  alegar," 
is  mentioned  in  a  recipe  in  the  Forme  of  Ciny, 
p.  56.  See  Prompt.  Parv.  p.  143  ;  MS.  Lin- 
coin.  Med.  f.  294;  Towneley  Mysteries, 
p.  260. 

A  fulle  blttire  drynke  that  was  wroghte, 
Of  ayselle  and  galle  that  the  lykede  noghte. 

MS.  Lincoln  A.  i.  17,  f.  190. 
4y£sgtand  galle  raysed  on  a  rede, 
Within  a  spounge  thai  gun  hyde. 

US.  BiW.  CoU.  Sicn.  xviii.  6. 

AYSHWEED.    A  kind  of  herb  mentioned  by 
Minsheu,  who  appears  to  say  it  is  the  same  as 
the  gout-wort. 
AYTHIR.    Either. 

Als  elere  goldehir  brydille  it  schone, 
One oythirsyA change  bellys  three. 

True  Thomas,  MS.  Lincoln,  f.  14!). 
"Withowttyne  gyftes  ;ede  thay  noghte, 
Aytliire  haddetownnes  three. 

MS.  Lincoln  A.  i.  17,  f.  99. 
Ther  mouthe  men  se  to  knithes  bete, 
Ayther  on  other  dintes  grete.        HaveloTi,  2665. 
AYTTENE.    Eighteen. 

The  golden  nombre  of  the  same  yere, 
Ayttene  accounted  in  cure  Italendere* 

Lydgate,  MS.  Ashmole  3Q3  f.  50. 

AY-WHEKE.  Everywhere.  See  Sir  Trisfrem, 
pp.  236,  248,  284:  Hardyng's  Chronicle, 
f.  159 ;  Peter  Langtoffc,  p.  78.  Ay  whore  is 
glossed  by  evermore  in  MS.  Harl.  1701,  f.  43, 
which  seems  to  be  its  meaning  in  the  Towneley 
Mysteries,  p.  115,  and  in  our  second  example. 
In  the  following  passage,  the  Cambridge  MS. 
H.  il  38,  reads  "  every  whare." 

He  sent  abowte  every  Qy-tvheret  ] 

That  alle  his  mene  solde  make  thame  jare 
Agaynes  the  erle  to  fyghte. 

Erie  of  Tolous,  MS.  Lincoln,  f.  115, 
And  gadred  pens  unto  store, 
Asokerers  done  ay  whore.  MS*  Harl.  1701,  f.  37. 
A-ZET.    Set;  planted.     Dorset. 
AZOCK.    The  mercury  of  metal,  an  alchemical 
term.    It  is  used  by  Ben  Jonson,  in  the  Al- 
chemist, ii.  1.   It  may  not  be  out  of  place  to 
mention  that  Ben.  may  have  taken  this  and 
other  techmcal  words  from  MS.  Sloane  313,  an 
alchemical  MS.  which  formerly  belonged  to 
him,  and  has  his  name  on  the  first  page.   As]i- 
mole  spells  the  word  azot,  in  his  Theat  Chera. 
Brit.  pp.  77,  89,  375. 
AZOON.    Anon;  presently.   Exmoor. 
AZOR.    An  alchemical  preparation,  a  recipe  for 
which  occurs  in  MS.  §Ioane  16$8,  f,  7.  In  the 
same  manuscript  is  giren  a  curions  list  of  siici- 
lar  terms,  but  most  of  them  are  too  technical 


B 


128 


B 


to  require  a  place  in  this  work.  Thus  we  have 
azogribali  for  vitriol,  azimac  for  ink,  &c. 

AZURE-BYSE.  Among  some  curious  receipts 
in  MS.  Sloane  2584,  p.  3,  we  are  told  that 
"  3if  ^OUL  ^fc  prove  azure-byse,  whether  it 
be  good  or  bade,  take  a  pensel  or  a  penne, 
and  drawe  sinalle  rewles  upon  blewe  lettres 
with  that  ceruse,  and  jif  thi  ceruse  be  nojt 
clere  white  bote  dede  fade,  then  is  the  blewe 
no?t  fyne." 

AZZARD.  A  sneaking  person  ;  an  insignificant 
fellow.  North.  We  have  also  the  adjective 
azzardly,  poor,  ill-thriven, 

AZZLE-TOOTH.    A  grinder.     Craven. 

AZZY.   A  wayward  child.     Yorkshire. 

A3A.     Against. 

A$a  the  day  of  rykenyng,         Reliq*  <Jntiq.  ii.  226. 

A3&  (1)  Against. 

For  he  thojte  al  that  tresour  have, 


MS.  Coll.  Trin.  Oxen.  57. 

(2)  Again. 

And  that  hy  ne  come  nevere  <zj<?, 

Bote  by  him  brojte.       MS.  Coll.  THn.  Oxon.  57. 

ByMahoun,  saide  the  kyng  a$eef 

Y  nolde  the  lete  ly  ves  bee. 

MS.4shmoJe  33,f.48. 
A3EFULLEST.     The  most  fearful. 
Of  ane  enuperour  the  a^efullest  that  ever  armys  hauntid, 


A3EIN.    Against. 

^ein  him  alle,  a^ein  alle  he, 
A  wondir  wijte  mon  shal  he  be. 

Cursor  Mundi,  MS.  Coll.  ZHw.  Cantab,  f.  17. 

A3ENBOU3TIST.     Hast  redeemed. 

Thou  heldist  forth  thin  hond,  and  the  eerthe  de- 
vouride  hem.  Thou  were  leder  in  thi  mere!  to  thi 
puple,  the  whiche  thou  a^enbou^tlst. 


A3ENCHARE. 

But  many  one  wyl  never  beware, 

Tyl  sum  myschaunce  make  hem  a^enchare. 

MS.  Harl.  1701,  f.  14. 

A3ENNIS.    Against. 

Mikil  more  if  he  pronounce  without  autorit^  or  lif 
contrariously  ajennis  the  Lordis  wille. 

Apology  for  the  Lollards,  p.  8. 

A3EN-RISYNG.     Resurrection. 

For  the  sevende  day,  withoute  lesyng, 
Is  tokne  of  o^awisyng. 

MS.  Coll.  Trin.  Oxon.  57,  art.  2. 
A3ENSEIDE.    Denied. 

Thou  suffridest  hem  to  deperte  fro  me,  that  is,  fro 
my  wille  and  myn  en  tent  ;  and  thei  hadde  me  as 
wiatyng,  for  I  a^enseide  hem  in  herworkis  and  her 
wordis.  MS.  Tanner  1,  f.  347. 

A3ENSSEYTH.   Denieth. 

He  a^enssej/th  alle  that  tresun, 
And  setteth  thus  hys  resun. 

MS.  Harl.  1701,  f.43. 


A3ENSTOD.    Withstood. 

Werfor  Poule  a$enstodhim  in  the  face,  and  redar* 
guidhim,  for  he  was  reprovable. 

Apology  fw  the  Lollards,  p.  6, 
A3ENSTONDYN.     To  withstand.     It  is  trans- 
lated by  sisto  and  obsto  in  Prompt.  Parv.  p.  70 
A3ENWORD.     On  the  other  hand. 

He  biddith  not  here  to  curse  him  that  synnith  not, 
nor  to  asoyle  him  that  bidith  in  synne ;  but  ayenword 
to  asoilehim  that  levith  his  synne,  and  put  him  ouf 
of  cumpany  that  lastith  in  his  synne. 

Apology  for  the  Lollards,  p.  70 

A3ER.  (1)  Yearly. 

Heo  wol  rather  bi-leve  here  truage,  that  je  hem  bereth 
a$er.  Rob.  Glouc.  p.  100. 

(2)    Over. 

Yff  he  of  Goddes  wordes  aght  here, 
Theroff hym  thynk  a  hundreth  5ere ; 
Botyf  it  be  at  any  playng, 
At  the  hale-hows  or  othir  janglyng, 
For  to  rache  with  ilk  a  fyle, 
Ther  hym  thynk  nojthbota  qwylle; 
In  Gode  serves  swylk  men  er  irke, 
Thatqwen  thai  com  unto  thekyrk, 
To  mattyns  or  mese  songyn, 
Thai  thynk  it  lastes  05 er  langyn  ; 
Than  sal  he  jangyl  or  tellesum  tale, 
Or  vvyt  qware  thai  sal  haf  best  ale. 

R.  de  Bi-unne,  MS.  Bowes,  p.  63, 

A3EYENST.    Against. 

The  volk  of  Gywes  wyth  bowes  comen  ayyenst  the. 
Reliq.  Antiq.  ii,  225. 

A3EYN-SAYING,    Denial. 

Caym  say  his  synne  was  knowed, 
And  that  the  erthe  had  hit  showed  ; 
He  wist  a^eyn-saying  was  noon. 

Cursor  flfundi,  MS,  Coll.  Trin.  Cantab,  f.  8. 
A3EYNUS.     Against. 

Errour  he  schal  maynteine  none 
Afeymts  the  craft,  but  let  hyt  gone. 

Constitution!  of  Masonry,  p.  23. 

A3LEZ.     Tearless. 

How  that  dojty  dredles  dernely  ther  stondcz, 
Armed  ful  a-$lez  ;  in  hert  hit  hym  lykez. 

Syr  Gawayne,  p.  86. 

A3T.  (1)  Ought. 

Thes  sevene  thinges  at  the  lest 

FeUe  on  that  ilke  daye  ; 

For  that  oy^alleholykirke 

To  honour  hit  for  ay. 

MS.  Cantab.  Ff.  v.  48,  f.  83. 
(2)  Eight. 

For  if  thou  be  in  dedly  synne, 

And  therof  schal  be  schrifene, 
A^t  thynges  the  bus  haf  therto, 

Oritbe  clene  forgifene.*S.Gznta&.Ff.  v.48.f.8(>. 

A3TE.  (1)  Possessed. 

I  dar  notte  telle  50,  lord,  for  schame, 

The  godus  now  that  he  a%te. 

Robson's  Met.  Rom.  p.  32. 
(2)  Noble ;  honourable.    Rob.  Glouc. 


B*'  To  know  a  B  rromabattledoor,"  an  old 
.  phrase,  generally  implying,  according  to 
Nares,  a  very  slight  degree  of  learning,  or  the 
being  hardly  able  to  distinguish  one  thing  from 
another.  It  is  sometimes  found  in  early  printed 
works,  as  if  it  should  be  thus  written,  "  to 
know  A.  B.from  abattledoor,"  an  instance  of 


which  occurs  in  Taylor's  Workes,  1630,  ii.  59. 

You  shall  not  neede  to  buy  uookes  ;  no,  scometo 
distinguish  a  B.  from  a  "battle-doore  t  onely  loofee  that 
your  eares  be  long  enough  to  reach  our  rudiments, 
and  you  are  made  for  ever.Gwte  Home* baoTce,  1609, p.3. 

For  in  this  age  of  crittickes  are  such  store, 

That  of  a  B,  will  make  a  battledore. 

Taylor's  Motto,  1622,  sig  Afiiu 


BAB 


129 


BAB 


BA.  (1)  To  kiss.  See  Chaucer,  Cant.T.,  6015.  j 
Also  a  substantive,  as  in  Skelton,  i.  22.  i 

(2)  Both.     (4.-S.)  \ 

'3)  A  ball.     Percy. 
BAAD.    (1)  Continued.     YorJcsh. 

(2)  To  bathe.     Craven. 

(3)  A  woman  of  bad  character.     Cumb. 
BAAKE.    To  bake.    Palsgrave. 
BAAL.    A  ball. 

To  this  house  I  have  devised  how  you  maie  so 
secretly  conveigh  me,  that  you  maie  there  keepe  me 
at  your  pleasure  to  your  owne  use,  and  to  my  greate 
contentation,  where  I  maie  at  pleasure  enjoye  hym, 
more  dearely  beloved  unto  me  then  the  baales  of 
myne  owne  eyes.  Ricke's  Farewell,  1581. 

BAA-LAMB.  A  lambkin;  a  pet  term  for  a 
lamb.  Var.  dial. 

BAAL-HILLS.  Hillocks  on  the  moors,  where 
fires  are  fancied  to  have  once  been  in  honour  of 
Baal.  Craven. 

BAAN-CART.  The  body.  Craven.  The  form 
baan,  bone,  occurs  in  several  compounds  in  the 
Northern  dialect. 

BAANT.    Am  not ;  are  not.     Var.  dial. 

BAAR.     To  bear.    Maundeoile. 

BAARD.  A  sort  of  sea-vessel,  or  transport 
ship.  Phillips. 

BA-ARGE.  Generally  used  in  Devonshire  to 
signify  a  fat  heavy  person.  See  the  Exmoor 
Scolding,  p.  9. 

BAAS.  Base.  In  the  Papers  of  the  Shak.  Soc. 
i.  50,  "  baas  daunces"  are  mentioned.  These 
were  dances  very  slow  in  their  movements. 
See  also  Nugze  Poeticse,  p.  2. 

BAASTE.     (1)  To  sew.     Palsgrave. 

(2)  Bastardy.     Prompt.  Parv. 

BAATH.     Both.'    North. 

BAB.     (1)  To  bob  down.     North. 

(2)  A  baby ;  a  child.     Var.  dial. 

(3)  To  fish  in  a  simple  and  inartificial  manner, 
by  throwing  into  the  water  a  bait  on  a  line, 
with  a  small  piece  of  lead  to  sink  it.    Eels 
and  crabs  are  sometimes  caught  in  this  way. 
We  have  all  read  of  the  giant  who  "  sat  upon 
a  rock,  and  bobbed  for  whale."    This  is  merely 
another  form  of  the  word. 

BABBART.  The  "  evele  i-met,  the  babbart," 
are  among  the  very  curious  names  of  the  hare 
in  the  Reliq.  Antiq.,  i.  133. 

BABBLE.  (1)  Hounds  are  said  to  labile,  "if 
too  busie  after  they  have  found  good  scent." 
Gent.  Rec.  p.  78. 

(2)  To  talk  noisily.     Var.  dial 

(3;  An  idle  tale.    Rowley. 

BABBLEMENT.     Silly  discourse.     North. 

BABBLING.  A  noisy  discourse.  "  Babbling  or 
much  speaking."  Becon's  Early  Works,  p.  169. 

BABBY.     (1)  A  baby.     Var.  dial. 

(2)  A  sheet  or  small  book  of  prints  for  chil- 
dren. North. 

BABBY-BOODIES.     Same  as  boodies,  q.v. 

BABE.  A  child's  maumet.  Gouldman.  See 
Baby.  This  may  also  be  the  meaning  of  the 
word  in  a  difficult  passage  in  Cymbeline,  iii.  3, 
where  Harnner  and  the  chief  modern  editors 


read  bribe.    Palsgrave  nas,  "Bate  that  cfcyt- 
dren  play  with, pouppee," 
BABELARY.    A  foolish  tale.    More. 
BABELAVANTE.    A  babbler. 

Sir  Cayphas,  harcken  nowe  to  me ; 
This  babelavante  or  kinge  woulde  be. 

Chester  Plays,  ii.  34, 

BABELYN.  To  totter;  to  waver.  Prompt.  Parv. 
BABERLUPPED.  Thick-lipped.  Piers  PlougJmi. 
BABERY.     Childish  finery.     Webster.     Stowe 
has  babblerie  in  the  same  sense.     See  Strutt's 
Dress  and  Habits,  ii.  201. 
BABEURY.  An  architectural  ornament.  Chaucer 
mentions  a  castle  being  ornamented  with 

many  subtill  compassings ; 

As  babeunes  and  pinnacles, 
Imageries  and  tabernacles. 

Hmtse  of  Fame,  iti.  99. 

XJrry  reads  barbicans,  but  see  Stevenson's  ad- 
ditions to  Boucher,  in  v.  The  latter  writer 
wishes  to  connect  this  word  with  babewyns^ 
an  ancient  term  for  grotesque  figures  executed 
in  silver  work. 

BABEWYNE.  A  baboon.    Maundevile. 
BABIES-HEADS.    A  kind  of  toy  for  children. 

See  the  Book  of  Rates,  1675,  p.  24. 
BABIES-IN-THE-EYES.  The  miniature  re- 
flection of  himself  which  a  person  sees  in  the 
pupil  of  another's  eye  on  looking  closely  into 
it,  was  sportively  called  a  little  baby,  and  our 
old  poets  make  it  an  employment  of  lovers  to 
look  for  them  in  each  others  eyes.  See  Rich's 
Honestie  of  this  Age,  p.  49;  Brand's  Pop, 
Antiq.,  iii.  25 ;  Nares,  in  v. 

When  I  look  babies  in  thine  eye** 
Here  Venus,  there  Adonis  lies. 

Randolph's  Poems,  p.  124, 
She  clung  about  his  neck,  gave  him  ten  kisses, 
Toy'd  with  his  locks,  look'd  babies  in  hijt  eyes, 

Heywood's  Love's  Mistress,  p  8j 
BABION.  A  baboon.     See  Ben  Jonson,  ii.  240 ; 
Skelton's  Works,  i.  124 ;  Drayton's  Poems, 
p.  247. 

BABLACK.  A  name  given  to  two  free-schools 
at  Coventry  and  Warwick.  See  Cooke's  Guide 
to  Warwick  Castle,  1841 ,  p.  93.  The  term  is 
derived  from  a  piece  of  land  at  Coventry 
formerly  so  called,  and  on  which  the  bablack 
school  there  is  now  situated.  The  "boys  are 
clothed  in  yellow  and  blue,  and  perhaps  the 
bablack  school  at  Warwick  is  so  called  because 
a  similar  uniform  has  been  adopted.  It  also 
appears  from  Sharp's  Cov.  Myst.,  pp.  146, 
179,  187,  that  there  was  formerly  a  monastic 
institution  at  Coventry  of  the  same  name,  and 
most  likely  on  the  same  spot, 
BABLATIVE.  Talkative. 

In  commumtie  of  life  he  "was  verye  joctmd  j 
neither  to  ^ablative  withe  flattery,  nor  to  whustwith 
morositie.  Phtiotimua,  ]583» 

BABLATRICE.    A  basilisk? 

0  you  cockatrices*  and  you  boblatrices* 
That  in  the  woods  dwell.  Locnn/?,  p.  26* 

BABLE.  A  bauble.  Tlte  glass  or  metal  orna- 
ments of  dress  are  sometimes  called  bablts* 
See  Strutt's  Dress  and  Habits,  ii.  153 ;  Tbouva* 
Anecdotes  and  Traditions,  pfc  19 ;  Yiorio,  in.  v, 

a 


BAG 


130 


BAG 


Bubole,  Coccole.  Miege  explains  it,  "  to  talk 
confusedly,"  but  that  would  more  properly 
be  spelt  babel.  In  Skelton  we  have  babyls, 
baubles. 

BABS.     Children's  pictures.     North. 
BABULLE.    A  bauble.   An  old  proverb  in  M  S. 
Douce  52,  says,  "  A  fole  scholde  never  have 
a  babulle  in  hande." 

Lyke  a  fole  and  a  fole  to  bee, 
Thy  babulle  schalle  be  thy  dygnyte'. 

MS.  Cantab.  Ff.  ii.  38,  f.  241. 
BABY.  According  to  Minsheu,  a  "  puppet  for 
children."  The  word  constantly  occurs  as  a 
child's  plaything,  a  toy,  and  is  still  in  use  in 
the  North  for  a  picture,  especially  such  as 
would  amuse  children.  So  in  the  French 
Schoole-Maister,  1631,  f.  98,  "  Shall  we  buy 
a  babie  or  two  for  our  children  for  pastime  ?" 
See  also  the  Book  of  Kates,  p.  24 ;  Malone's 
Shakespeare,  xiii.  108 ;  Cleaveland's  Poems, 
p.  64  ;  Brit.  BibL,  ii.  399  ;  Du  Bartas,  p.  3 ; 
Florio,  in  v.  Bdmbola,  Bdmba,  Cucca,  Di'mdola, 
Pipdta;  Cotgrave,  in  v.  Poupette ;  Baret's 
Alvearie,  B.  7,  8,  A  Bartlemy  Fair  doll  is 
often  mentioned  as  a  Bartholomew  baby. 
Compare  the  Captain,  i.  3, — 

"and  now  you  cry  for't, 

As  children  do  for  babies,  back  again." 

Beaumont  and  Fletcher,  ed^  Dyce,  in.  235. 

Where  the  editor  asks  whether  the  author  did 
not  write  babies,  another  word  altogether, — 
What  gares  these  babies  and  babies  all  ? 

King  and  a  Pocre  Nvrtfierne  Man,  1640. 
For  bells  and  babyes,  such  as  children  small 
Are  ever  us'd  to  solace  them  withall. 

Drayton's  Poems,  p.  243 

BABY-CLOUTS.  A  puppet  made  of  rags. 
Cotgrave  translates  muguet,  "  a  curiously 
dressed  babie  of  clowts." 

And  drawing  neare  the  bed  to  put  her  daughters 
armes,  and  higher  part  of  her  body  too,  within 
sheets,  perceiving  it  not  to  be  her  daughter,  but  a 
baby-vlotitx  only  to  delude  her. 

Two  Lancashire  Lovers,  1640,  p.  113. 

BABYSHED.  Deceived  with  foolish  and  child- 
ish tales.  See  the  Towneley  Mysteries,  p.  78. 

BACCARE.  An  exclamation  signifying  "go 
back/'  and  supposed  to  be  a  corruption  of 
lack  there*  It  occurs  in  Shakespeare,  Lilly, 
Heywood,  and  other  contemporary  writers. 
From  a  passage  in  the  Golden  Aphroditis,  1577, 
"  both  trurape  and  drumme  sounded  nothing 
for  their  larum  but  Baccare,  Baccare,"  it 
would  seem  to  have  been  taken  from  some 
old  tune. 

BACCHAR.  The  herb  ladies'  glove.  A  full 
description  of  it  is  given  in  Holmes' s  Academy 
of  Armory,  p.  88. 

BACCHES.     Bitches. 

The  bacches  that  hym  scholde  knowe, 
For  sone  mosten  heo  blowe  pris. 

App.  tn  Walter  Mapes,  p,  345. 

BACCHUS-FEAST.    A  rural  festival ;  an  ale. 

See  Stub's  Anatomic  of  Abuses,  ed.  1595,  p. 

110;  Dee's  Diary,  p.  34. 
BACE.     (1)  The  game  of  prisoners'  base,  more 

generally  written  base,  q.  v.     Cotgrave  has, 


"JSarres,  the  martiall  sport  called  Barriers 
also  the  play  at  bace,  or  prison-bars." 

(2)  A  kind  of  fish,  mentioned  in  Prompt.  Parv., 
p.  20,  supposed  by  Mr.  Way  to  be  the  basse, 
or  sea-perch.     Cf.  Baret's  Alvearie,  B.  198 ; 
Florio,  in  v.  Baicolo;  Palsgrave,  Subst.  f.  18. 

(3)  To  beat.     Devon. 

(4)  The  pedestal  of  an  image.    An  old  archi- 
tectural  term.     See  Willis,  p.  76. 

BACE-CHAMBYR.  A  room  on  the  lower  floor. 
Prompt.  Parv. 

BACHELEK.     A  knight.     Chaucer. 

BACHELEKIE.  Knighthood.  Also  explained 
by  Tyrwhitt,  the  knights.  It  sometimes  means 
a  company  of  young  bachelors,  and  occasion- 
ally, bachelorship.  Cf.  Chaucer,  Cant.  T., 
8146,  17074;  Rob.  Glouc.  pp.  76,  183. 

BACHELOR'S-BUTTONS.  The  campion  flower. 
According  to  Grey,  Notes  on  Shakespeare,  i. 
107,  there  was  an  ancient  custom  amongst 
country  fellows  of  carrying  the  flowers  of  this 
plant  in  their  pockets,  to  know  whether  they 
should  succeed  with  their  sweethearts,  and 
they  judged  of  their  good  or  bad  success  by 
their  growing  or  not  growing  there.  "  To 
wear  bachelor's  buttons"  seems  to  have  been 
a  phrase  for  being  unmarried.  In  some  parts 
of  the  country,  the  flower-heads  of  the  com- 
mon burdock,  as  well  as  the  wild  scabious, 
are  also  called  by  this  name. 

BACINE.    A  bason. 

That  on  was  rede  so  the  fer, 
The  eighen  so  a  bacine  cler. 

Artliour  and  Merlin,  p.  57« 

BACK.  (1)  Arere-mouse;  a  bat.  SeeLydgate's 
Minor  Poems,  p.  152;  Tundale,  p.  41 ;  Prompt. 
Parv.,  p.  21. 

(2)  Kennett  says,  "along  the  Severn  they  think 
it  a  sure  prognostick  of  fair  weather,  if  the 
wind  back  to  the  sun,  i.  e.  opposes  the  sun's 
course."    MS.  Lansd.  1033. 

(3)  In  some  counties,  when  a  person  is  angry 
they  say  his  bacWs  up.  Kennett  has,  "  baxup, 
angry,  provoked.    Oxfordsh." 

(4)  In  mining,  the  back  of  a  lode  is  the  part  of 
it  nearest  the  surface ;  and  the  bach  of  a  level 
is  that  part  of  the  lode  extending  above  it  to 
within  a  short  distance  of  the  level  above. 
Watson. 

BACK-ALONG.     Backward.    Somerset. 

BACK-AND-EDGE.  Completely ;  entirely.  See 
a  play,  quoted  by  Nares,  in  v.  In  Yorkshire 
obtains  the  opposite  phrase,  "I  can  make 
back  ner  edge  of  him ;"  I  can  make  nothing 
of  him* 

BACKARDS-WAY.    Backwards.     YorJcsh. 

BACKAS.  The  back-house,  or  wash-house,  or 
more  generally  bakehouse.  Var.  dial.  Spelt 
bacJchowse  in  the  Ordinances  and  Regulations, 
p.  4,  where  it  is  probably  used  in  the  first 
sense. 

BACKBAND,  An  iron  chain  passing  in  a  groove 
of  the  cart-saddle  to  support  the  shafts.  North. 

BACKBAR.  The  bar  in  a  chimney  by  which  any 
ves^l  '"« suspended  over  the  fire.  Var.  dial. 


BAG 


131 


BAD 


BACKBERAND.  The  bearing  of  any  stolen 
goods,  especially  deer,  on  the  "back,  or  open 
indisputable  theft.  An  old  law  term, 

BACK-BOARD.  A  large  board  on  which  the 
dough  is  rolled  out  previously  to  making  it 
into  loaves.  North.  , 

BACK-BREAK.    To  break  the  back.    Florio. 

BACKBRON.  A  large  log  of  wood  put  on  at  the 
back  of  a  fire.  Dorset. 

BACKBY.     Behind ;  a  little  way  off.     North. 

BACK-CAST.  The  failure  in  an  effort ;  a  re- 
lapse into  trouble.  North. 

BACK-CAUTER.  Cotgravehas,  "Cautere  dorsal, 
the  backe-cauter,  somewhat  like  a  knife,  or 
having  a  back  like  a  knife,  and  searing  onely 
on  the  other  side." 

BACKEN.    To  retard.     Var.  dial. 

BACK-END.  Autumn.  YorJcsh.  It  is  applied  as 
well  to  the  latter  end  of  the  month,  week,  &c. 

BACKENING.    Relapse;  hindrance.    Yorksh. 

BACKER.  Further  back.  West.  We  have  also 
backerly, late, applied  to  crops;  lacJcerts,  back- 
wards ;  backerter,  more  backwards.  Chaucer 
has  bacMrmore,  La  Belle  Dame  sans  Mercy,  85. 

BACK-FRIEND.  (1)  A  secret  enemy.  See 
Comedy  of  Errors,  iv.  2 ;  Hall,  Henry  VII., 
f.  1 ;  Florio,  in  v.  Inimico,  Nemico. 

(2)  A  hangnail.     North. 

B  ACKING.  Nailing  the  back  on  a  chair  suitable 
to  the  seat.  Holme. 

BACK-O'-BEYOND.  Of  an  unknown  distance. 
North. 

BACK-OUT.    A  back-yard.     Kent. 

BACK-PIECE.  This  term  explains  itself.  It  is 
the  piece  of  armour  that  covers  the  back. 
See  Hall,  Hen.  IV.,  f.  12. 

B  ACKRAG.  A  kind  of  wine,  made  at  Bacharach 
in  Germany,  occasionally  mentioned  by  our 
old  dramatists.  Nares.  See  also  Hudibras, 
III.  iii.  300. 

BACKS.  The  principal  rafters  of  a  roof.  A 
term  in  carpentry. 

BACKSET.  To  make  a  backset,  to  make  a  stand  j 
to  receive  a  chased  deer,  and  to  cast  fresh  j 
hounds  upon  him  at  the  latter  end  of  the  j 
course.  Holme.  \ 

BACKSEVORE.  The  hind  part  before.    Devon. 

BACKSIDE.  The  barton,  or  any  premises  at  the 
back  of  a  house.  Var.  dial. 

No  innkeeper,  alehouse  keeper,  victualler,  or  tip- 
pler, shall  admit  or  suffer  any  person  or  persons  in 
his  house  or  backside  to  eat,  drink,  or  play  at  cards. 
GnndaVs  Remains,  p.  138. 

B  ACKSTAFF.  An  instrument  formerly  used  for 
taking  the  sun's  altitude  at  sea;  being  so 
called  because  the  back  of  the  observer  is 
turned  towards  the  sun  when  he  makes  the 
observation.  It  was  said  to  have  been  invented 
by  captain  John  Davis  about  the  year  1590, 
and  it  is  described  by  him  in  his  "  Seaman's 
Secrets." 

BACKSTAND.    Resistance. 

Lytle  avayleth  outward  warre,  except  there  be  a 
sure  staye  and  a  stedfast  hackstands  at  home,  as 
wel  for  the  savegarde  and  security,  as  for  the  good 
governaunce  of  such  as  be  left  behinde. 

Hall,  Hew-y  VII.  f.  3. 


BkCKSTER.    A  baker.    North. 

BACKSTERS.  Wide  flat  pieces  of  board,  which 
are  strapped  on  the  feet,  and  used  to  walk  over 
loose  beach  on  the  sea  coast.  South. 

BACK-STOCK.    A  log  of  wood.    Hollyband. 

BACKSTONE,  A  peculiar  kind  of  stone  to  bake 
bread,  but  more  particularly  oat-cakes  upon. 
The  larger,  or  double  ones,  as  they  are  usually 
called,  are  about  28  to  30  inches  by  16  to  20, 
and  the  smaller  ones  vary  in  size,  16  or  18 
inches  square.  Meriton  gives  the  Yorkshire 
proverb,  "  As  nimble  as  a  cat  on  ahaite  back- 
stane." — Yorkshire  Ale,  ed.  1697,  p.  84. 

BACKSTRIKING.  A  mode  of  ploughing,  in 
which  the  earth  having  been  previously  turned, 
is  turned  back  again.  Suffolk. 

BACKSUNDED.    Shady.    Dorset. 

BACK-SWANKED.  Lean  in  the  flank,  a  term 
applied  to  a  horse.  Miege. 

BACKSWORD.  The  game  of  single-stick.  Wilts. 
A  backsword,  properly  speaking,  is  a  sword 
with  one  sharp  edge. 

BACKWARD.  (1)  The  state  of  things  past.  Shak. 

(2)  A  jakes.    Var.  dial. 

BACKWATER.  Water  not  wanted  for  turning 
the  wheel  of  a  water  corn-mill,  what  is  super- 
abundant, and  generally  flows  down  a  channel 
cut  for  the  purpose.  Also,  a  current  of  water 
from  the  inland,  which  clears  off  the  deposit 
of  sand  and  silt  left  by  the  action  of  the  sea, 

BACKWORD.  An  answer  to  put  off  an  engage- 
ment. North. 

BACK-WORM.  A  disease  in  hawks,  the  worm 
itself  generally  being  in  the  thin  skin  about 
the  reins.  It  is  the  same  as  the  filander.  See 
Blome's  Gent.  Rec.  ii.  51. 

BACKWORT.  A  herb  mentioned  by  Florio,  in  v. 
Consolida  maggiure.  It  appears  from  Gerard 
to  be  the  same  as  the  comfrey. 

BACON.    A  clown.    Shale. 

BACTILE.    A  candlestick.  (Lat.) 

BACUN.    Baked. 

BACYN.  A  light  kind  of  helmet,  mentioned  in 
Richard  Coer  de  Lion,  2557;  basyn,  Kyng 
Alisaunder,  2333.  This  is  another  form  or 
the  word  bassinet,  q.  v. 

BAD.  (1 J  Sick ;  ill.  Var.  dial.  Sometimes  we 
hear  right  bad,  or  right  on  bad. 

(2)  A  rural  game,  played  with  a  bad-stick,  for- 
merly common  in  Yorkshire.  It  probably  re- 
sembled the  game  of  cat.  See  Kennett's 
Glossary,  MS.  Lansd.  1033. 

-3)  Poor.    Var.  dial 

'4)  Entreated;  asked;  prayed. 

To  Jhesu  Crist  he  bad  a  boone, 
Fay  re  knelyng  on  hys  knee. 

MS.  Cantab.  Ff.  ii.  38,  f.  46 

(5)  Offered ;  invited.    See  Sir  Eglamour,  929, 
1080,  Thornton  Romances,  pp.  159,  166. 

(6)  To  take  the  husks  off  walnuts.     West. 

(7)  Bold.    Cov.  Myst. 

(8)  A  bad  person  or  thing.  See  ladds  in  Warner's 
Albions  England,  ed.  1592,  p.  58. 

BADAYLE.    Battle. 

Of  s-werde  of  plate  and  eek  of  mayle, 
As  thouye  he  schulde  to  badayle. 

Cower,  MS.  Soc.  Antiq.  134,  f.  14«. 


BAF 


132 


BAG 


BADDE.    Ellis  suggests  either  the  usual  mean- 
ing, or  the  perfect  tense  of  the  verb  abide.   In 
Reliq.  Antiq.,  ii.  101,  it  means  delay. 
A  staf  in  his  hond  he  ttacMe, 
And  schon  on  his  fet  badde. 

Arthnur  and  Merlin,  p.  73- 

BADDELICHE.    Badly.    Rob.  Glouc. 
BADDER.  Comp.  of  bad.  North.  See  Chaucer, 

Cant.  TM  10538,  and  Nares,  inv. 
GADDING.    Shelling  walnuts.     West. 
BADE.     (1 )  Delay.    Cf.  Sir  Perceval,  41,  111, 

484,  666,  1533/1760,  2128,  2129;  and  the 

example  under  Alswitke. 
(2}  Abode;  remained.  See  Minot's  Poems,  p.  20; 

Sir  Tristrem,  p.  148  ;  Perceval,  569,  612,  892. 

(3)  Prayed.  Rob.  Glouc.   Cf.  ElhYs  Met.  Horn., 
iii.  72 ;  Chaucer,  Cant.  T.,  7449. 

(4)  Commanded.     Chaucer. 

(5)  A  pledge ;  a  surety.    (A.-S.)    This  at  least 
seems  to  be  the  meaning  of  the  word  in 
Perceval,  1029,  1305. 

(6)  To  bathe.     Warw. 

(7)  In  Mr.  Robson's  Romances,  p.  58,  the  word 
occurs  in  a  peculiar  sense ;  "  alle  of  fellus  that 
he  bade"  skins  of  animals  that  he  caused  to 
remain,  i.  e.,  killed. 

BADELYNGE.  Paddling,  as  of  ducks.  Skinner 
gives  this  word  on  the  authority  of  Juliana 
Barnes.  It  means  a  flock  or  company  of  ducks. 

BADGER.  (1)  A  pedlar;  acorn-factor.  Some- 
times, a  person  who  purchases  eggs,  butter,  &c. 
at  the  farm-houses,  to  sell  again  at  market. 

(2)  To  beat  down  in  a  bargain.    Var.  dial 

BADGER-THE-BEAR.  A  rough  game,  some- 
times seen  in  the  country.  The  boy  who  per- 
sonates the  bear  performs  his  part  upon  Ms 
hands  and  knees,  and  is  prevented  from  getting 
away  by  a  string.  It  is  the  part  of  another 
boy,  his  keeper,  to  defend  him  from  the  at- 
tacks of  the  others. 

13  AD  GET.  A  badger.  East.  Badget  is  also  a 
common  name  for  a  cart-horse. 

BADLING.   A  worthless  person.   North. 

BADLY.    Sick;  ill.     North. 

BADS.     The  husks  of  walnuts.     West. 

BAEL.     Bale;  sorrow. 

BAELYS.    "Rods. 

With  brennyng  baeJys  thei  hem  dong, 
And  with  hem  droffe  to  peynis  strong. 

Tundale,  p.  16. 

BAESSYS.     See  Base. 

BAFFERS.    Barkers;  yellers. 

Houndes  for    the   hauk  betfc  filters   amd  grete 
Ww.  MS.Sodl.546. 

BAFFLE.  (1)  To, treat  with  indignity;  to  use 
contemptuously.  Properly  speaking,  to  baffle 
or  bafful  a  person  was  to  reverse  a  picture  of 
him  in  an  ignominious  manner ;  but  the  term 
is  used  more  generally.  See  Middleton's 
Works,  ii.  449 ;  Ben  Jonson,  v,  127 ;  Dodsley's 
Old  Plays,  vi.  18.  In  the  Muse's  Looking- 
glass,  j.  4,  it  signifies  to  beaf,  IE  which  sense 
it  also  occurs  in  Moor's  Suffolk  Words,  p.  13. 

(2)  To  cheat,  or  make  a  fool  of;  to  manage 
capriciously  -or  wantonly ;  to  twist  irregularly 
together.  East.  Corn,  knocked  about  by  the 
wind,  is  said  in  Suffolk  to  be  lafflecl. 


BAFFLING.  Affront;  insult.  See  Middleton's 
Works,  iv.  44  ;  Beaumont  and  Fletcher,  i.  142; 
Malone's  Shakespeare,  xvi.  16. 

BAFFYN.     To  bark.    Prompt.  Parv. 

BAFT.    Abaft.     Chaucer. 

BAFTYS.    Afterwards?     Cov.  Myst. 

BAG.     (1)  The  udder  of  a  cow.     Var.  dial. 

(2)  To  cut  peas  with  an  instrument  resembling 
the  common  reaping-hook,  but  with  a  handle 
sufficiently  long  to  admit  both  hands.     West. 
In  Oxfordshire  the  term  is  applied  to  cutting 
wheat  stubble,  which  is  generally  done  with 
an  old  scythe. 

They  cannot  mowe  it  with  a  sythe,  but  they  cutt 

it  with  such  a  hooke  as  they  doe  bag-ge  pease  with, 

Aubrey's  Wilts,  MS.  Royal  Sac.,  p.  123. 

(3)  When  a  servant  is  dismissed,  he  is  said  to 
have  got  the  bay.     In  some  parts,  to  give  a 
person  the  bag  is  to  deceive  him.  A  person's 
bag  and  baggage  is  everything  he  has  got. 

(4)  The  stomach.     Hence  eating  is  bagging,  or 
filling  the  stomach,  to  put  into  a  bag.     Cf, 
Cotgrave,  in  v.  Emplir ;  Harrison's  Descrip- 
tion of  England,  p.  233.     An  animal  with 
young  is  said  to  be  tagged^   See  Perceval,  717; 
Nares,  in  v.  Bag ;  Florio,  in  v.  Rimpregneuole ; 
Tusser's  Husbandry,  p.  104.    Nares  explains 
it,  to  breed,  to  become  pregnant. 

(5)  To  move ;  to  shake ;  to  jog.     S.ee  the  Rara 
Mathematica,  p.  64. 

BAGAMENT.  Worthless  stuff;  nonsense.  Line. 

BAGATINE.  An  Italian  coin,  worth  about  the 
third  part  of  a  farthing,  alluded  to  in  Ben 
Jonson,  iii.  219. 

BAGAVEL.  A  tribute  granted  to  the  citizens 
of  Exeter  by  a  charter  from  Edward  I.,  em- 
powering them  to  levy  a  duty  upon  all  wares 
brought  to  that  city  for  the  purpose  of  sale, 
the  produce  of  which  was  to  be  employed  in 
paving  the  streets,  repairing  the  walls,  and  the 
general  maintenance  of  the  town.  Jacobs. 

BAGE.     A  badge.    Prompt.  Parv. 

BAGEARD.     A  badger.     More. 

BAGELLE.  Rings;  jewels.  So  explained  in 
Hearne's  Glossary  to  Peter  Langtoft,  p.  282. 

BAG-FOX.  A  fox  that  has  been  unearthed,  and 
kept  a  time  for  sport.  Blome. 

BAGGABONE.    A  vagabond.    Beds. 

BAGGAGED.     Mad;  bewitched.     Exmoor. 

BAGGAGELY.     Worthless.     Tusser. 

BAGGE.     (1)  A  badge.     Prompt.  Parv. 
He  beris  of  golde  a  scmely  sights, 
His  bagges  are  sabylle  ylkane. 

MS.  Lincoln  A.  i.  17,  f.  141. 

(2)  To  swell  with  arrogance.  Chaucer.  Tyrvvlntt 

says  "  rather,  perhaps,  to  squint." 
BAGGERMENT.    Rubbish.    Line. 
BAGGIE.    The  belly.    Northuml. 
BAGGIN.    Food.     Cumb. 
BAGGING.  The  act  of  cutting  up  wheat  stubble 

for  the  purpose  of  thatching  or  burning.  Oxon. 

Also,  becoming  pregnant.     See  Florio,  in.  v. 

Impregndggine  ;  and  Bag. 
BAGGING-BILL.    A  curved  iron   instrument 

used  for  various  agricultural  purposes.     It  is 

also  called  a  lagging-hook* 


BAI 


BAGGINGLY.    Squintingly.     This  word  occurs 
in  the  Rom.  of  the  Rose,  292,  explained  by 
some  arrogantly.  Tyrwhitt's  explanation,  here 
adopted,  best  suits  the  context,  and  the  cor- 
responding passage  in  the  original. 
BAGGING-TIME.    Baiting  time.     North.     At 
Bury,  co.  Lane.,  about  the  year  1780,  a  re- 
freshment between   dinner  and  supper  was 
called  bagging,  while  at  Chorley,  distant  only 
about  twenty  miles,  the  term  was  not  in  use. 
BAGHEL.     Same  as  lagelle,  q.  v. 
In  toun  herd  I  telle., 
The  baghel  and  the  belie 
Ben  filched  and  fled. 

Wright's  Political  Songs,  p.  307. 

BAGINET.     A  bayonette.     Var.  dial. 

BAGLE.  An  impudent  woman ;  an  opprobrious 
term  for  a  woman  of  bad  character.  Salop. 
Perhaps  this  is  merely  a  variation  of  bagyage, 
though  Mr.  Hartshorne  derives  it  from  the 
French  bfyueule. 

BAG-OF-NAILS.  The  name  of  a  sign,  said  to 
be  corrupted  from  the  Bacchanals.  He  squints 
like  a  bag  of  nails,  i.  e.,  his  eyes  are  directed 
as  many  ways  as  the  points  of  a  bag  of  nails. 

BAG-PUDDING.  A  rustic  dish,  said,  in  an  old 
nursery  rhyme,  to  have  formed  the  repast  of 
King  Arthur ;  but  mentioned,  I  believe,  in  no 
modern  dictionary.  It  appears,  from  Taylor's 
Workes,  i.  146,  that  Gloucestershire  was  for- 
merly famous  for  them ;  but  Welsh  bag-pud- 
dings are  mentioned  in  Hawkins'  Eng.  Dram, 
in.  170.  Howell,  English  Proverbs,  p.  6,  gives 
this,  "  Sweetheart  and  bagg-pudding."  See 
also  Heywood's  Edward  IV.,  p.  47  ;  Fiorio,  in 
v.  Ofa,  Poltiglia. 

BAGWALETOUR.    A  carrier  of  baggage. 

Howe  shall  the  cuntrey  thenne  susteyne  two  soo 
gretite  traynes,  as  the  kinges  majestic  and  they  must 
have ;  specially  considering  the  nombre  of  bagwale- 
toura  that  shall  com  with  them  out  of  Fraunee. 
State  Papers,  i.  536. 

BAGY.    A  badge.    Bemers. 

BAHN.    Going.     YorJcsh. 

BAHT.    Both. 

Than  sent  he  many  ay  messenger 
After  Sarzyns  baht  far  and  ner. 

Gwy  of  Warwick,  Middlehill  MS. 

BAICH.    A  languet  of  land.     Ray. 

BAICS.  Chidings ;  reproofs.  Tusser.  This  word 
and  the  previous  one  are  from  Hunter's  addi- 
tions to  Boucher. 

BAIDE.    Endured.     Northumb. 

BAIGNE.    To  drench ;  to  soak, 

BAIL.  (1)  A  beacon;  a  signal;  a  bonfire.  North. 
Also  dalles,  names,  blazes.  Cf.  Piers  Plough- 
man, p.  490. 

(2)  The  handle  of  a  pail,  bucket,  or  kettle ;  the 
bow  of  a  scythe.  East. 

BAILE.  (1)  Battle.  See  Rob.  Glouc.  p.  37, 
where  the  Arundel  MS.  reads  bataille. 

(2)  A  wooden  canopy,  formed  of  bows.  Seethe 
Rutland  Papers,  p.  6 ;  Ordinances  and  Regula- 
tions, p.  127. 

BAILEY.  A  name  given  to  the  courts  of  a  castle 
formed  by  the  spaces  between  the  circuits  of 


133  BAI 

walls  or  defences  which  surrounded  the  keep. 

Oaf.  Gloss.  Arch. 

Four  toures  ay  hit  has  and  kernels  fair, 
Thre  baillies  al  aboute,  that  may  no3t  apair. 

3/S-  Egvrton  9-27. 

BAILIWICK.   Stewardship.  Lent.  Fiorio  spells 

it  baily-weeke,  in  v.  Castaldia. 
BAILL1E.   Custody ;  government.   (A.-N.}  See 
Rom.  of  the  Rose,  4302 ;  Kyng  Alisaunder, 
7532  ;  Langtoft,  pp.  61,  127,  280. 
BAILS.     Hoops  to  bear  up  the  tilt  of  a  boat. 

Bourne. 

BAILY.  A  bailiff;  a  steward;  also,  a  sheriffs 
officer. 

As  balye,  sergeaunt,  or  reve, 

That  fallit  hys  lordys  goodes  to  reseyve. 

MS.  Hatton  18. 

And  for  to  somoun  all  them  to  this  fest, 
The  baily  of  Roston  thereto  is  the  best. 

MS.  Rutot.  C.  86, 

BAIN.     Near;  ready;  easy.    North.    Ray  ex- 
plains it,  "  willing,  forward,"  and  "Wilbraham 
"  near,  convenient."     In  the  east  of  England 
it  means,  pliant,  limber.     "  To  be  very  bain 
about  one,"  officious,  ready  to  help.    As  an 
archaism,  it  signifies,  obedient,  ready,  willing. 
See  Chester  Plays,  i.  69 ;  Robson's  Romances, 
p.  46  ;  Towneley  Mysteries,  pp.  28,  39. 
A  raonthe  day  of  trewse  moste  ye  take, 
And  than  to  batayle  be  ye  bayne. 

MS.  Harl  2252,  f.  125. 

BAINE.  (1)  A  bath.    See  Patterne  of  PainfuU 
Adventures,  pp.  188,  195;  Rutland  Papers, 
p.  8,  bayn. 
(2)  To  bathe. 

No  more  I  do  my  mirthis  fayne, 
But  in  gladnesse  I  swym  and  baine. 

MS.  Cantab.  Ff.  i.  6,  f.  116. 

BAINER.    Nearer.    North. 
BAINLY.    Readily. 
BAIRE.    Fit;  convenient.     Durham. 
BAIRMAN.    A  poor  insolvent  debtor,  left  bare 
and  naked,  who  was  obliged  to  swear  in  court 
that  he  was  not  worth  above  five  shillings  and 
five  pence.    Phillips. 

BAIRN.  A  child.  North.  The  several  com- 
pounds of  this  word  are  too  obvious  to  require 
insertion. 

BAIRNWORTS.    The  daisy.     Yorteh. 
BAISE.    A  bastard.    In  Sir  C.  Sharp's  Chron. 
Mirab.  p.  9,  is  the  entry,  "  Isabel,  daughter  to 
Philippe  Wilkinson,  bur.  30  May,  1633,  baise 
with  another  man's  wife,"  from  the  register  of 
Hart. 
BAISEMAINS.      Compliments  ;      salutations. 

Spenser. 

BAISKE.     Sour.     (Su.  Goth.) 
BAIST.    To  beat.    North. 

He  paid  good  Robin  back  and  side, 

And  baist  him  up  and  down ; 
And  with  his  pyke-staff  laid  on  loud, 

Till  he  fell  In  a  swoon.     Robin  Bood>  i.  102. 
BAISTE.    Abashed. 

Bees  noghte  baiste  of  jone  bo  yes,  ne  of  thairebryghte 

wed  is; 

We  salle  blenke   theire  boste  for  alle  theire  boltie 
profire  Mo>-te  Arthurs,  /!/&  Lincoln t  f.  §&, 


BAL 


134 


BAL 


BAIT.  (1)  A  luncheon ;  a  meal  taken  by  a  la- 
bourer in  the  morning.  Var.  dial.  In  Torrent 
of  Portugal,  p.  66,  it  apparently  means  to  re- 
fresh ;  to  stop  to  feed. 

(2)  To  lower  a  bargain.     Var.  dial 

(3)  To  nutter.    A  hawking  term. 

(4)  Food ;  pasture.     North. 

B  AIT  AND.  Explained  by  Hearne,  in  great  haste. 
See  Peter  Langtoft,  p.  307. 

BAITEL.    To  thrash.     North. 

BAITH.    Both.    North. 

BAIT-POKE.  A  bag  to  carry  provisions  in. 
North. 

BAJARDOUR.  A  carter ;  the  bearer  of  any 
weight  or  burden.  Kersey. 

BAK.  A  bat.  "  The  blode  of  a  Idk"  is  an  in- 
gredient in  a  medical  receipt  in  MS.  Lincoln 
A.  i.  17,  f.  282. 

Thane  come  thare  flyande  amangez  thame  tta7ekes> 
grettere  thane  wilde  dowfes,  and  thaire  tethe  ware 
lyke  mene  tethe,  and  thay  didd  mene  mekille  disese 
and  hurte.  Life  of  Alexander,  MS.  Lincoln,  f.  29. 

BAKED.    Incrusted.     Var.  dial 

BAKED-MEAT.  Means  generally,  meat  pre- 
pared by  baking ;  but,  in  the  common  usage  of 
our  ancestors,  it  signified  more  usually  a  meat- 
pie.  This  signification  has  been  a  good  deal 
overlooked.  Nares. 

BAKEN.    Baked. 

BAKERLEGGED.  A  person  whose  legs  bend 
outwards  is  said  to  be  bakerlegged.  Grose  has 
laker-knee 'd,  "  one  whose  knees  knock  toge- 
ther in  walking,  as  if  kneading  dough."  See 
Cotgrave,  in  v.  Billart. 

BAKER'S-DOZEN.  Thirteen.  Sometimes,  four- 
teen. Florio  has,  "  Serqua,  a  dozen,  namely 
of  egges,  or,  as  we  say,  a  baker's  dozen,  that 
is,  thirteene  to  the  dozen."  See  also  the  same 
dictionary,  in  v.  Aggimta. 

BAKESTER.  A  female  baker.  Derbysh.  In 
Pier's  Ploughman,  pp.  14, 47,  we  have  bakstere 
in  the  same  sense. 

BAKHALFE.  Hinder  part.  See  Restoration  of 
Edward  IV.,  p.  14. 

There  biganne  many  vanitees  growe  upon  hym, 
as  hit  were  upon  his  bakhalfe. 

Caxton's  Divers  Fruytful  Ghostly  Maters. 

BAKHOUSE.    A  bakehouse.    North.    Seethe 

Prompt.  Parv.  p.  2L 

BAKIN.  The  quantity  'of  bread  baked  at  one 
time.  Yorkshire.  This  term  also  occurs  in 
the  Prompt.  Parv.  p.  21. 

BAKING-DRAUGHT.  Part  of  the  hinder  quar- 
ter gf  an  ox.  See  Holme's  Academy  of  Ar- 
mory, iii.  87. 

BAKK.    A  cheek.     Stevenson. 
BAKKER.    More  backwards. 

With  that  anone  I  went  me  bajcker  more, 
Myselfe  and  I  methought  we  were  i-now. 

Chaucer,  MS.  Cantab.  Ff.  i.  6,  f.  99. 

BAKPANER.  A  kind  of  basket ;  probably  a 
pannier  carried  on  the  back.  Caxton. 

BAKSTALE.    Backwards,     Prompt  Parv. 

BAL.  (1)  A  flame.  See  Stevenson's  additions 
to  Boucher,  in  v.  This  may  be  the  meaning 
of  the  word  in  Wright's  Political  Songs,  p.  318. 

(2)  A  mine.     West. 


BALADE-ROYAL.  A  balade  anciently  meant 
any  short  composition  in  verse,  or  even  in  mea- 
sured lines.  A  poem  written  in  stanzas  of 
eight  lines  was  formerly  said  to  be  composed 
in  balade-royal  A  poem  byLydgate,  in  MS. 
Ashmole  59,  f.  22,  is  called  a  balade-royal,  and 
several  other  pieces  in  the  same  MS.  are  said 
to  be  written  "  balade-wyse."  Stanihurst, 
Description  of  Ireland,  p.  40,  mentions  one 
Dormer  who  wrote  in  ballad-royal. 

BALANCE.  (1)  Balances.     Shak. 

(2)  Doubt ;  uncertainty.  "  To  lay  in  balance," 
to  wager.  Chaucer. 

BALANCERS.  Makers  of  balances.  See  the 
curious  enumeration  of  the  different  trades  in 
Cocke  Lorelles  Bote,  p.  10. 

BALASE.  To  balance.  Baret.  Cf.  Harrison's 
Description  of  England,  p.  235. 

BALASTRE.    A  cross-bow.     Cascton. 

BALATE.    To  bleat ;  to  bellow.     Salop. 

BALAYS.  A  kind  of  ruby.  See  Palsgrave, 
subst.  f.  1 9-  JBalayn,  in  Richard  Coer  de  Lion, 
2982,  is  perhaps  the  plural  of  this  word.  See 
also  Skelton's  Works,  ii.  347  ;  Court  of  Love, 
80 ;  Cotgrave,  in  v.  Balay ;  Ordinances  and 
Regulations,  p.  120. 

BALCHE.    To  belch.    Huloet. 

BALCHING.    Anunfledged  bird.     West. 

BALCOON.    A  balcony.    Howett. 

BALD.     Swift ;  sudden.     Verstegan. 

BALDACHIN.  A  canopy,  usually  supported  by 
columns,  and  raised  over  altars,  tombs,  &c. ; 
but  more  particularly  used  where  the  altars 
were  insulated,  as  was  customary  in  early 
churches.  Britton. 

BALDAR-HERBE.     The  amaranthus.    Huloet. 

BALDCOOT.  The  water-hen.  Drayton.  Spelt 
balled-cote  in  Walter  de  Bibblesworth,  MS. 
Arund.  220,  f.  301. 

BALDE.  (1)  Bold.     Minot. 

(2)  To  encourage.     (A.-S.) 

BALDELICHE.    Boldly. 

This  woman  wente  forth  baldeliche, 
Hardy  hy  was  y-nouj. 

MS.  Coll.  Ti-in.  Oxon.  57. 

BALDELY.    Boldly.    Minot. 
BALDEMOYNE.    Gentian.    See  MS.  Sloane  5, 
f.  5 ;  Prompt.  Parv.  p.  22. 

Loke  how  a  seke  man,  for  his  hele, 
Taketh  baldemoyne  with  canelle. 

Gower,  MS.  Soc.  Antiq.  134,  f.  49. 

BALDER.  (1)  To  use  coarse  language.    East. 

(2)  Bolder.  *  Reliq.  Antiq.  ii.  20. 

BALDERDASH.  Explained  "  hodge-podge"  in 
the  glossary  to  Tim  Bobbin.  Any  mixture  of 
rubbish  is  called  balderdash.  See  Disraeli's 
Amenities  of  Literature,  i.  234.  In  some  dis- 
tricts the  term  is  more  restricted  to  absolute 
filth,  whether  applied  to  language  or  in  its 
literal  sense.  Ben  Jonson  calls  bad  liquor  by 
this  name,  and  it  is  occasionally  found  as  a 
verb,  to  mix  or  adulterate  any  liquor. 

BALDFACED.    White-faced.     Yorksh. 

BALD-KITE.  A  buzzard.  In  Cotgrave  it  is 
the  translation  of  buzart  and  buze. 

BALDLY.    Boldly,     Minot. 


BAL 


135 


BAL 


BALDOCK.  Some  kind  of  tool,  mentioned  in 
the  51st  section  appended  to  Howell's  Lexi- 
con. 

BALDORE.     Bolder.    Rob.  Glouc.  p.  509. 

BALD  RIB.  Not  the  same  as  the  spare-rib,  as 
generally  stated,  which  has  fat  and  lean,  and  is 
cut  off  the  neck.  The  baldrib  is  cut  lower 
down,  and  is. devoid  of  fat;  hence  the  name, 
according  to  Minsheu. 

BALD  RICK.  A  belt,  girdle,  or  sash,  of  various 
kinds;  sometimes  a  sword-belt.  There  are 
several  instances  where  it  would  seem  to  have 
been  merely  a  collar  or  strap  round  the  neck, 
though  it  was  more  generally  passed  round 
one  side  of  the  neck,  and  under  the  opposite 
arm.  See  Hayward's  Annals  of  Qu.  Eliz. 
p.  30 ;  Fabian,  p.  540  ;  Prompt.  Parv.  p.  27  ; 
Hall,  Henry  VIII.,  ff.  3,  6 ;  Malone's  Shake- 
speare, mi.  22  ;  Lydgate's  Minor  Poems,  p.  8 ; 
Croft's  Excerpta  Antiqua,  p.  13  ;  Cyprian  Aca- 
demy, 1647,  ii.  21 ;  MS.  Bib.  Reg.  7  C.  xvi. 
f.  68  ;  Cunningham's  Revels  Accounts,  p.  126 ; 
Strati,  ii.  50 ;  Patterne  of  Painfull  Adventures, 
p.  206 ;  Todd's  Illustrations,  p.  320.  A  kind 
of  cake,  made  probably  in  the  shape  of  a  belt, 
was  called  a  baudrick.  See  some  old  printed 
receipts  in  4to.  C.  39,  Art.  Seld.  in  Bibl.  Bodl. 
and  Wyl  Buckets  Testament,  p.  34. 

BALDUCTUM.  A  term  applied  by  Nash  to 
some  of  the  affected  expressions  of  Gabriel 
Harvey.  It  seems  to  have  been  nearly  syno- 
nymous with  balderdash,  and  is  found  in  a 
similar  sense  in  Stanihurst's  Description  of 
Ireland,  p.  29. 

BALDWEIN.     Gentian.     Gerard. 

BALE.  (1)  Sorrow;  evil;  mischief.     (A.-S.) 
Ryght  thus  I  mene.  I  mak  no  lengcre  tale, 
Butje  do  thus,  grettere  growyth  oure  bale* 

MS  RawL  Poet.  118. 
Therwhile,  sire,  that  I  tolde  this  tale, 
Thi  sone  mighte  thoiie  dethes  bale. 

Sevyn  Sages,  702. 
Basil  wood.    Skinner. 
The  scrotum  ?     Stevenson. 
Ten  reams  of  paper.    Kennett. 
A  pair  of  dice  is  frequently  called  a  bale. 
This  term  is  found  in  Skelton,  Ben  Jonson, 
and  later  writers. 

T6)  The  belly.    Madden. 

(1}  Destruction.     Prompt.  Para. 

BALEFUL.  Evil ;  baneful.  This  word  occurs 
in  2  Henry  VI.,  iii.  2,  and  earlier  in  Syr 
Gawayne,  p.  105. 

BALEIS.  A  large  rod.  (A.-N.)  Also  the 
verb  baleisen,  to  beat  with  a  rod,  which  is 
still  in  use  in  some  parts  of  Shropshire.  Piers 
Ploughman. 

BALENA.    A  whale.  (Lat.} 

The  huge  leviathan  is  but  a  shrimpe 
Compar'd  with  our  balena  on  the  land. 

Tragedy  of  Hotfman,  1631. 

BALEW.    Evil.  (A.-S.) 

BALEYNE.  Whalebone  ?  Skinner.  It  is  pos- 
sible this  may  be  the  same  with  balayn  in 
Richard  Goer  de  Lion,  2U82. 

BALEZ,    Bowels,     Gaw. 


BALHEW.     Plain ;  smooth.     Prompt.  Parv. 

BALI  AGE.  The  office  of  a  baTiff.  See  Florio, 
in  v.  Bagliuo,  Baile. 

BALIST.  An  ancient  engine,  or  kind  of  ord- 
nance, for  projecting  stones. 

BALISTAR.     A  man  using  a  cross-bow. 

BALK.  (1)  A  ridge  of  greensward  left  by  the 
plough  in  ploughing,  or  by  design  between, 
different  occupancies  in  a  common  field.  The 
term  is  translated  by  terrtp  porca  in  an  old 
vocabulary  in  MS.  Bodl.  604,  f.  39 ;  but  by 
grumus,  a  heap,  in  "Withals'  Dictionarie,  ed. 
1608,  p.  89.  See  also  Reliq.  Antiq.  ii.  81 ; 
Cotgrave,  in  v.  Assillonnement,  Cheintre; 
Towneley  Myst.  p.  99 ;  Cov.  Myst.  p.  343 ; 
Piers  Ploughman,  p.  123;  Nomenclator,  p. 
385  ;  Florio,  in  v.  Delirdre;  Holinshed,  Hist. 
Ireland,  p.  174.  From  this  last  example  it 
appears  that  the  explanation  given  by  Withals 
is  correct,  and  Baret  has,  "  a  balke  or  banke 
of  earth  raysed  or  standing  up  betweene  twoo 
furrowes."  To  draw  a  balk  is  to  draw  a 
straight  furrow  across  a  field. 

(2)  A  particular  beam  used  in  the  construction 
of  a  cottage,  especially  a  thatched  one.    The 
sidewalls  and  gables  being  erected,  a  pair  of 
couples  or  strong  supports  is  placed  between 
each  pair  of  gables,  and  the  balk  is  the  strong 
beam,  running  horizontally,  that  unites  these 
below.    This  balk  is  often  used  in  the  poorer 
cottages  to  hang  various  articles  on,  a  custom 
alluded    to    in   Chaucer,    Cant.    T.,    3626; 
Hawkins'  Engl.  Dram.  i.  1 71.  A  similar  beam 
in  a  stable  or  outhouse  is  also  called  a  balk, 
as  in  Topsell's  Foure  Footed  Beasts,  p.  395  ; 
Kennett's  Glossary,  MS.  Lansd.  1033;  and 
the  term  is  occasionally  applied  generally  to 
any  beam  or  rafter.     See  also  Prompt.  Parv. 
pp.21,  30,  196;  Tusser,  p.  204;  Skelton,  i. 
114;  Book  of  Rates,  1675,  p.  24.    Huloet 
has,  "  balke  ende  whych  appeareth  under  the 
eaves  of  a  house,  procer." 

Byude  hit  furste  with  bulks  and  bonde, 
And  wynde  hit  siththen  with  good  wonde. 
Cwrsor  Mitndi,  MS.  Coll.  Trin.  Cantab.,  f.  11. 

(3)  To  heap  up  in  a  ridge  or  hillock,  in  1  Henry 
IV.,  i.  1.    It  seems  to  have  the  usual  meaning 
of  omit  in  Tarn.  Shrew,  i.  1;    Sanderson's 
Sermons,  1689,  p.  39.    "  Balk  the  way,."  get 
out  of  the  way,  Downfall  of  Robert,  Earl  of 
Huntingdon,  p.  80. 

(4)  A  simple  piece  of  machinery  used  in  the 
dairy  districts  of  the  county  of  Suffolk,  into 
which  the  cow's  head  is  put  while  she  is 
milked. 

(5)  Straight  young  trees  after  they  are  felled  are 
in  Norfolk  called  balks. 

(6)  "  To  be  thrown  ourt'  balk,"  is,  in  the  West 
Riding  of  Yorkshire,  to  be  published  in  the 
church.    "To  hing  ourt*  balk"  is  marriage 
deferred  after  publication. 

BALKE.  (1)  To  leave  a  balk  in  ploughing. 
But  so  wel  halteno  man  the  plogh, 
That  he.ue  balketh  otherviile. 

trVw,T,  MS.  Sue.  Aitttq.  134.  f.  $<*, 


BAL 


(2)  To  belch.  (A.-S.) 

Perceavyngby  the  grefo  of  their  comraunicati-ms 
the  dukes  pryde  nowe  and  then  to  balJfe  outealytle 
brayde  of  envye  towarde  the  glorye  of  the  kynge. 
Hardyng,  Supp.  f.  84. 

(3)  To  be  angry.     Reynard  the  Foxe. 
BALKER.    A  great  beam.    East. 
BALKERS.    Persons  wbo  stand  on  high  places 

near  the  sea-coast,  at  the  time  of  herring 
fishing,  to  make  signs  to  the  fishermen  which 
way  the  shoals  pass.  Blount. 

BALKING.    A  ridge  of  earth.    Latimer. 

BALK-PLOUGHING.  A  particular  mode  of 
ploughing,  in  which  ridges  are  left  at  inter- 
vals. East. 

BALKS.  The  hay-loft.  Chesh.  Kexmett,  MS. 
Lansd.  1033,  says  the  hen-roost  was  so  called. 

BALK-STAFF.    A  quarter-staff.     North. 
Balk-staves  and  cudgels,  pikes  and  truncheons, 
Brown  bread  and  cheese,  that  swam  by  luncheons. 
Cotton's  Poetical  Works,  1734,  p.  12. 

BALL.  (1)  Bald.    Somerset. 

(2)  The  pupil  of  the  eye.     "  Ball,  or  apple  of 
the  eye."    Huloet,  1552. 

Son  after,  wen  he  was  halle, 
Then  began  to  slak  hyr  balls. 

Guy  of  Warwick,  Middlehill  MS. 

(3)  The  palm  of  the  hand.     YorJcsh.    Also  the 
round  part  at  the  bottom  of  a  horse's  foot. 
See  Florio,  in  v.  Cdllo. 

(4)  A  name  given  to  various  animals.     It  is 
mentioned  as  the  name  of  a  horse  in  Chaucer 
and  Tusser,  of  a  sheep  in  the  Promptorium, 
and  of  a  dog  in  the  Privy  Purse  Expences  of 
Henry  VIIL,  p.  43.    It  is  the  common  name 
of  a  field  in  Devonshire. 

(5)  The  body  of  a  tree.    Lane. 
BALLACE.     To  stuff;  to  fill.     Ballast,  filled, 

Comedy  of  Errors,  iii.  ?.  Cf.  Hall's  Satires, 
iv.  5  ;  Ford's  Tracts,  p,  9.  Huloet  has  balas- 
sen,  translated  by  sadurro. 

BALLAD.    To  sing  ballads,    Shak* 

BALLADIN.  A  kind  of  dance,  mentioned  by 
Minsheu  and  Skinner. 

BALLANDES.  Ballauces?  Ballandes  are  men- 
tioned in  the  Rates  of  the  Custome  House, 
1545,  quoted  in  the  Brit.  Bibl,  ii.  398. 

BALLANS.    Ballances. 

BALLANT.    A  ballad.    North. 

BALLARD.  A  castrated  ram.  Devon.  The 
word  occurs  in  an  obscure  sense  in  Reliq.  An- 
tiq.  ii.  56, 

BALLART.  One  of  the  names  'of  tfce  hare  in 
the  curious  poem  printed  in  Reliq.  Antiq,  i,  133. 

BALLAST.    A  ruby.     See  Balays. 

BALLASTER.  A  small  pillar  usually  made 
circular,  and  swelling  towards  the  bottom, 
commonly  used  in  a  balustrade.  Oxf.  Gloss. 
Arch, 

BALLATRQN.    A  rascal;  a  thief.     Minsheu. 

BALLE,  (1)  The  "bajle  in  the  hode,"  a  curious 
phrase  for  the  head,  occurring  in  Urry's 
Chaucer,  p.  625;  Kyng  Alisaunder,  6481; 
Towneley  Mist.  p.  17 ;  Arthour  and  Merlin, 
p.  16. 


130  BAL 

(2)  Palsgrave  has,  « I  balle  as  a  curre  dogge 
dothe,  je  hurle." 

BALLED.  (1)  Bald.  "Balled  reson,"  a  bald 
reson,  a  bare  argument.  Cf.  Piers  Ploughman, 
pp.  176,  436;  Dial.  Great.  Moral,  p.  109; 
Chaucer,  Cant.  T.,  198,  2520;  Depos.  Rich. 
II.  p.  29  ;  Reliq.  Antiq.  ii.  179. 

(2)  Whitefaced.    North. 

BALLEDNESSE.  Baldness.  See  Reliq.  Antiq. 
ii.  56 ;  Rob.  Glouc.  p.  482. 

BALLERAG.  To  banter;  to  rally  in  a  con- 
temptuous way;  to  abuse;  to  scold.  Var. 
dial. 

BALLESSE.    Ballast.    Huloet. 

BALLIARDS.  The  game  of  billiards.  Spenser 
has  it,  and  it  is  also  found  in  Florio,  in  v. 
Ciigole. 

BALLINGER.  A  small  sailing  vessel.  The 
word  occurs  with  various  orthographies  in  Har- 
rison's Description  of  Britaine,  p.  79 ;  Hall, 
Henry  V.  f.  26  ;  Egerton  Papers,  p.  12  ;  State 
Papers,  ii.  76;  Hardyng's  Chronicle,  f.  Ill; 
Manners  and  Household  Expences,  pp.  222, 
470.  Among  the  miscellaneous  documents  at 
the  Rolls  House  is  one,  1. 187,  containing  an 
account  of  the  charges  for  repairing  and  rig- 
ging of  the  "  lallyngar  named  the  Sunday," 
A.  D.  1532.  See  also  Ducange,  in  v.  BaUn- 
garia. 

And  toke  londe  nygh  to  a  gret  tourment  that  was 
called  Couleigne,  and  went  to  londe  in  a  totlangere, 
he  and  xxi.  men  with  hym.  MS.  Bigby  185. 

BALL-MONEY.  Money  demanded  of  a  mar- 
riage company,  and  given  to  prevent  their 
being  maltreated.  In  the  North  it  is  custo- 
mary for  a  party  to  attend  at  the  church 
gates,  after  a  wedding,  to  enforce  this  claim. 
The  gift  has  received  this  denomination,  as 
being  originally  designed  for  the  purchase  of 
a  foot -ball.  BrocJcett.  The  custom  is  men- 
tioned by  Coles  and  Miege. 

BALLOCK-GRASS.  The  herb  dogs'-stones. 
Gerarde. 

BALLOCKS.  Testiculi.  (A.-S.}  There  is  a 
receipt  "for  swellinge  of  lallokis"  in  MS. 
Bib.  Reg.  17  A.  iii.  f.  149.  Cf.  Reliq.  Antiq. 
ii.  280.  Receipts  for  a  mess  called  lalolc 
Irothe  are  given  in  Warner's  Antiq.  Culm.  p. 
68,  Forme  qf  Cury,  p.  53.  It  appears  from 
Palsgrave's  Acolastus,  1540,  that  ballocke- 
stones  was  once  a  term  of  endearment.  Some- 
times spelt  lalloxs,  as  in  an  early  receipt  in 
Bright  MS.  t  14. 

BALLOK-KNYF.  A  knife  tog  from  the  girdle. 
Piers  Ploughman. 

BALLOON.  A  large  inflated  ball  of  strong 
leather,  formerly  used  in  a  game  called  balloon, 
the  ball  being  struck  by  the  arm,  which  was 
defended  by  a  bracer  of  wood.  The  antiquity 
of  aerostation  has  been  absurdly  Deduced  from 
the  mention  of  this  game  in  Du  Bartas.  It  is 
spelt  tattoo  in  Ben  Jonson,  iii.  216.  Cf.  Ran- 
dolph's Poems,  1643,  p.  105  ;  Cunningham's 
Revels  Accounts,  p.  xvii. ;  Middletou's  Works, 
iv.  342 ;  Strutt's  Sports,  p.  96 ;  Florio,  in  v.  Bal* 


BAL 


lerr 


BAN 


kniere,  Cdlcio,  Giocdre,  Gonfiatoio ;  Cotgrave, 
in  v.  Baton,  Brassal;  Ordinances  and  Regula- 
tions, p.  328. 
BALLOW.  (1)  Bony;  thin,     Drayton. 

(2)  To  select  or  bespeak.     It  is  used  by  boys  at 
play,  when  they  select  a  goal  or  a  companion 
of  their  game.     North. 

(3)  A  pole ;  a  stick  ;  a  cudgel.    North.     It  is 
found  in  King  Lear,  iv.  6,  ed.  1623,  p.  304. 

BALL'S-BULL.  A  person  who  has  no  ear  for 
music  is  sometimes  compared  to  Ball's  bull, 
who  had  so  little  that  he  kicked  the  fiddler 
over  the  bridge.  East. 

BALL-STELL.  A  geometrical  quadrant.  See 
the  Nomenclator,  p.  303.  In  MS.  Addit.  5008, 
a  story  is  told  of  a  boy  who  had  been  for  some 
time  very  attentively  watching  his  father  take 
the  altitude  of  a  star  with  his  balla-stella,  when 
suddenly  he  observed  the  star  shoot,  and  testi- 
fied his  delight  by  exclaiming,  "  Ye  have  hyt 
hir,  father ;  she  is  fawln,  she  is  fawln !" 

BALL-STONE.  A  measure  of  iron-stone  which 
lies  near  the  surface ;  a  kind  of  limestone  found 
near  Wenlock.  Salop. 

BALL-THISTLE.  A  species  of  thistle,  men- 
tioned  by  Gerard,  p.  990. 

BALLU.    Mischief;  sorrow.     (^.-5.) 

BALLUP.  The  front  or  flap  of  smallclothes. 
Nor  thumb.  The  term  is  found  in  Ritson's 
Robin  Hood,  ii.  154,  left  unexplained  by  the 
editor. 

BALLY.  (1)  A  Utter  of  pigs.     North. 

(2)  To  grow  distended.    Salop. 

(3)  Comfortable.     West, 

BALLYS.  Bellows.  Salop.  The  form  balyws 
occurs  in  Tundale,  p.  34. 

BALLYVE.    A  bailiff. 

BALMER.  Apparently  some  kind  of  coloured 
cloth,  "  Barrones  in  balmer  and  byse."  Ches- 
ter Plays,  i.  1 72.  The  Bodl.  MS.  reads  Cannier, 

BALNEAL.    Refreshing.    HowelL 

BALNY.  A  bath.  This  seems- to  be  the  mean- 
ing of  the  word  in  Ashmole's  Theat.  Chem. 
Brit.  p.  143. 

BALO.  A  beam  in  buildings ;  any  piece  of 
squared  timber.  East. 

BALON.  In  justs  of  peace,  the  swords  were 
pointless  and  rendered  blunt,  being  often  of 
baton,  as  it  was  termed,  which  seems  to  have 
been  of  whalebone,  covered  with  leather,  and 
silvered  over.  Meyrick. 

BALOTADE.  An  attempt  made  by  a  horse  to 
kick.  Diet.  Husb. 

BALOURGLY.  A  kind  of  broth.  The  method 
of  making  it  is  described  in  Warner's  Antiq. 
Culm.  p.  49. 

BALOU3T.    About.    (A.-S.) 

BALOW.  (1)  A  nursery  term,  forming  part  of 
the  burthen  of  a  lullaby.  North. 

(2)  A  spirit ;  properly,  aii  evil  spirit.     (A.-S.} 
"With  many  aungels  and  arkaungels, 
And  other  baloir*,  als  the  buke  telles. 

MS.  Bibl.  Coll.  Swn.  xviii.  6. 

B ALO  W-BROTH.  An  ancient  dish  in  •  cookery, 
described  in  MS.  Sloane  1201,  f.  45.  It  may  | 


be  the  same  as  ballock-broth  previously  men- 
tioned, in  v.  Battocks. 
BALOYNGE. 

Eyrher  arm  an  elne  long, 
Baloynge  mengeth  al  by-mongj 
Ase  baum  ys  hire  bleo. 

Wright's  Lyric  Poetry,  p.  35, 

BALSAM-APPLE.  A  herb  mentioned  by  Florio 
in  v.  Car&nza. 

BALSAMUM.  Balsam.  Sha/c.  Florio  has  lal- 
samint,  in  v.  Eupatoria. 

BALSOMATB.     Embalmed. 

He  made  his  ymage  of  laton  full  clene, 
In  whiche  he  put  his  body  balsomate- 

Hardyng's  Chroniclet  f.  93. 

BALSTAPF.  Same  as  balk-staff,  q.  v.  Chaucer 
has  this  form  of  the  word,  which  is  also  given 
by  Ray.  It  means  a  large  pole  or  staff. 

BALTER.  To  cohere  together.  Warw.  See 
Blood-loitered.  The  word  occurs  in  the  M  orte 
Arthure,  MS.  Lincoln,  A.  i.  17,  f.  61,  in  the 
sense  of  to  caper,  to  dance  about. 

BALTHAZAR.  One  of  the  kings  of  Coleyn,  the 
three  magi  who  came  from  the  East  to  worship 
the  new-b orn  Saviour.  Mr.  Wright  has  printed 
the  early  English  legend  of  these  kings  in  his 
edition  of  the  Chester  Plays.  Howell,  p.  5, 
has  the  proverb,  "  Brave  man  at  arms,  but 
weak  to  Balthasar." 

BALUSTER.     A  bannister. 

BALWE.  (1)  Mischief;  sorrow.    (^.-5.) 

(2)  Plain ;  smooth.     Prompt.  Pan?. 

BALY.  (1)  Evil;  sorrow. 

Bot  thei  schryve  them  of  ther  glotony, 

In  hell  schall  be  ther  baly.    MS.  AshmoU  61 .  f.  86. 

(2)  A  belly.    Balyd,  bellied,  occurs  in  the  Hunt- 
tyng  of  the  Hare,  187- 

(3)  A  bailiff.     See  Wright's  Monastic  Letters, 
p.  174  ;  Prompt.  Parv.  p.  22. 

(4)  Dominion ;  government.     (A-N.} 
If  thou  be  pareld  most  of  price, 

And  ridis  here  in  thi  balye.  MS*  Cantab.  Ff.  v.  48. 
BALYSCHEPE.  The  office  of  a  bailiff.  Prompt. 

Parv. 

BALZAN.    A  horse  with  white  feet.    Howell 
BAL3E,     Ample ;  swelling.     Gaw. 
BAM.    A  false  tale,  or  jeer.     YorJcsh.    Also  a 

verb,  to  make  fun  of  a  person. 
BAMBLE.    To  walk  unsteadily.    East. 
BAMBOOZLE.    To  threaten  f  to  deceive;  to 

make  fan  of  a  person,    A  very  piquant  use  is 

made  of  this  word  in  Gibber's  comedy  of  "  She 

Would  and  She  Would  Not." 
BAMBY.  By  and  by.  Devon. 
B AMCHICHE S.  A  kind  of  chiches,  mentioned 

by  Plorio,  in  v.  Arietini. 
BAME.     To  anoint  with  balm. 

And  bade  me  bnme  me  vrelle  aboute, 
Whenne  hit  wolde  other  water  or  wese. 

MS.  Cantab.  Ff.  i,  6,  f.  46. 
BAMMEL.    To  beat ;  to  pommel    Salop. 
BAN.  (1)  A  curse.     Shak, 

(2)  To  curse. 

And  summe  bctnite  the,  and  some  blesse. 

MS.  Cantab.  Ff.  ii-  38.  f.  JA 

(3)  A  kind  of  dumpling. 


BAN 


138 


BAN 


(4)  To  shut  out  p  to  stop.     Somerset. 

(5)  Command,    precept,   summons,  edict,  pro- 
clamation, ord  inance.  So  explained  by  Hearne. 
See  an  instance  of  it  in  Rob.  Glouc,  p.  188. 

BANBURY.  Howell  gives  two  proverbs  con- 
cerning this  town — 1.  Like  B anbury  tinkers, 
who  in  stopping  one  hole  make  two ;  2.  As 
wise  as  the  mayor  of  Banbury,  who  would 
prove  that  Henry  III.  was  before  Henry  II. 
According  to>  Grose,  a  nonsensical  tale  is  called 
a  "  Banbury  story  of  a  cock  and  bull ;"  so 
from  these  evidences  it  would  not  appear  that 
the  Banburians  were  remarkable  for  sagacity. 
Banbury,  at  the  commencement  of  the  seven- 
teenth century,  was  celebrated  for  its  number 
of  puritans,  and  Ben  Jonson  calls  a  puritan  a 
Banbury  man.  It  is  now  principally  known 
for  its  cakes.  Bardolf,  in  the  Merry  Wives 
of  Windsor,  compares  Slender  to  Banbury 
cheese,  which  seems  to  have  been  remarkably 
thin,  for  the  older  Tom  Hey  wood  observes 
that  he  "  never  saw  Banbury  cheese  thick 
enough."  There  is  a  receipt  for  making  this 
cheese  in  MS.  Sloane  1201,  f.  3. 

BANCKEROWTE.     Bankrupt.     Huloet. 

BANCO.  A  bank  of  money.  An  Italian  word 
introduced  in  Marlowe's  Jew  of  Malta,  iv.  1. 

BAND.  (1)  A  bond;  a  covenant;  an  engage- 
ment. See  Percy's  Reliques,  p.  13;  State 
Papers,!.  11. 

Here  i-gyf  I  jow  be  band 

An  c,  pownd  worth  of  land.  Sir  Degrevant,  869. 

(2)  A  hyphen.  The  word  is  used  in  this  sense 
in  the  French  Alphabet,  1615,  p.  68. 

f3)  A  string  of  any  kind.    North. 

Have  thys  rope  yn  thyn  hande, 
And  holde  the  faste  by  the  bande. 

MS.  Cantab.  FL  ii.  38,  f.  130. 

(4)  Imprisonment. 

His  moder  dame  Alienore,  and  the  barons  of  this  land, 

For  him  travailed  sore,  and  brouht  him  out  of  band. 

Langtoft's  Chronicle,  p.  201. 

(5)  A  space  of  ground,  containing  twenty  yards 
square.    North. 

(6)  As  an  article  of  ornament  for  the  neck,  was 
the  common  wear  of  gentlemen.    The  clergy 
and  lawyers,  who  now  exclusively  retain  them, 
formerly  wore  ruffs.    See  the  description  of  a 
gentleman  in  Thynne's  Debate,  p.  19 ;  Nares 
and  Minsheu,  in  v. 

(7)  The  neck  feathers  of  a  cock.    Holme. 
BANDE.    Bound.    Cf.  Collier's   Old  Ballads, 

p.  15  ;  Ywaine  and  Gawin,  1776. 
A  mawnger  ther  he  fande, 
Come  therin  lyggande, 
Therto  his  mere  he  bande 

With  the  withy.        Sir  Perceval,  443. 

BANDED-MAIL.    A  kind  of  armour,  which 

consisted  of  alternate  rows  of  leather  or  cotton, 

and  single  chain-mail. 
BANDEL.     Florio  translates  landelle,  "  side 

corners  in  a  house;  also  any  bandels."    See 

also  the  same  lexicographer,  in  v.  Bendelldre, 

Falda. 
BANDELET.    Florio  has  **  Cidrpa,  any  kind  of 

scarfe  or  fiandelet"     See  also  Strutt's  Dress 

and  Habits,  ii.  124. 


BANDERS.  Associators;  conspirators;  men 
bound  to  each  other  by  the  mutual  ties  of  a 
party.  Boucher. 

BANDISH.    A  bandage.    North. 
BAND-KIT.     A  kind  of  great  can  with  a  cover. 

North. 

BAN  DO.  A  proclamation.  Shirley. 
BANDOG.  According  to  Nares,  a  dog  always 
kept  tied  up  on  account  of  his  fierceness,  and 
with  a  view  to  increase  that  quality  in  him, 
which  it  certainly  would  do.  Bewick  describes 
it  as  a  species  of  mastiff,  produced  by  a  mix- 
ture with  the  bull-dog.  See  Withals'  Dic- 
tionarie,  p.  77  ;  Ford's  Works,  ii.  526 ;  Robin 
Hood,  ii,  64. 

BANDOLEERS.  Little  wooden  cases  covered 
with  leather,  each  of  them  containing  the 
charge  of  powder  for  a  musket,  and  fastened 
to  a  broad  band  of  leather,  which  the  person 
who  was  to  use  them  put  round  his  neck. 
The  band  itself  is  also  frequently  termed  a 
bandoleer.  See  Middleton's  Works,  v.  517; 
Unton  Inventories,  p.  3  ;  Songs  of  the  London 
Prentices,  p.  68. 

BANDON.  Dominion;  subjection;  disposal. 
(A.-N.)  See  Gij  of  Warwike,  p.  136  ;  Robson's 
Met.  Rom.,  p.  11 ;  Ritson's  Songs,  i.  56 ;  Lang- 
toft,  p.  141 ;  Rom.  of  the  Rose,  1163  ;  Kyng 
Alisaunder,  3180,  5505,  7720 ;  Le  Bone  Flo- 
rence of  Rome,  695. 

Merci,  queth,  ich  me  yelde 
Recreaunt  to  the  in  this  felde, 
So  harde  the  smitest  upon  me  krown> 
Jch  do  me  alle  in  the  banduvn. 

Beve&  of  Hamtoun,  p.  42. 
As  thou  art  knyght  of  renowne, 
I  do  me  all  yn  thy  bandowne. 

MS.  Cantab.  Ff.  ii.  38,  f.  102. 
But  he  me  put  out  of  his  bandome, 
And  yef  to  me  no  maner  audience. 

Lydgate,  MS.  4shm.  39,  f.  20. 

BANDORE.  A  musical  instrument,  somewhat 
similar  to  a  guitar.  According  to  Boucher, 
bass-viols  are  often  called  bandores  in  Glouces- 
tershire ;  and  Grose  applies  the  term  to  "  a 
widow's  mourning  peak,"  where  I  suspect  an 
error  for  Fr.  bandeau.  The  bandore  is  said  to 
have  been  invented  by  one  John  Rose,  in  the 
reign  of  Elizabeth ;  but  it  is  more  probable 
that  he  merely  introduced  a  variation  of  the 
Italian  jpandura,  an  instrument  very  similar 
both  in  form  and  name. 

BANDORF.    A  penon  banner.    Holme. 

BAND  ROLL.  A  little  streamer,  banner,  or  pen- 
non, usually  fixed  near  the  point  of  a  lance. 
(Fr.)  See  Drayton's  Poems,  p.  11;  Percy's 
Reliques,  p.  271 ;  Florio,  in  v.  Banderella. 

BANDS.     The  hinges  of  a  door.     North. 

BANDSTERS.  Those  who,  in  reaping,  during 
harvest,  bind  the  sheaves.  North. 

BANDSTRINGS.  Translated  by  Miege,  glands 
de  rabat.  Cf.  Strutt,  ii.  99,  222.  They  were 
prohibited  to  be  imported  by  14  Car.  II.  See 
Book  of  Rates,  p.  179.  According  to  Jamie- 
son,  they  were  strings  going  across  the  breast 
for  tying  in  an  ornamental  way. 


BAN 


139 


BAN 


BANDSTROT.    A  charm. 

BANDY.  (1)  A  game  played  with  sticks  called 
bandies,  bent  and  round  at  cue  end,  and  a 
small  wooden  ball,  which  each  party  endea- 
vours to  drive  to  opposite  fixed  points.  North- 
brooke,  in  1577,  mentions  it  as  a  favourite  game 
in  Devonshire.  It  is  sometimes  called  bandy- 
ball,  and  an  early  drawing  of  the  game  is  co- 
pied in  Strutt's  Sports  and  Pastimes,  p.  102. 

(2)  A  hare.    East. 

(3)  To  toss  a  ball,  a  term  at  tennis.     See  Dray- 
ton's  Poems,  p.  10 ;  Malone's  Shakespeare,  x. 
52  ;  Hawkins'  Eng.  Dram.  iii.  171. 

(4)  To  join  in  a  faction.     Minskeu. 

(5)  Flexible;  without  substance.     A  term  ap- 
plied to  bad  cloth  in  the  Stat.  43  Eliz.  c.  10. 
Skinner. 

BANDY-HEWIT.  A  little  bandy-legged  dog; 
a  turnspit.  Otherwise  explained,  "  a  name 
given  to  any  dog,  when  persons  intend  to  use 
it  in  making  sport  of  its  master."  Lane. 

BANDY-HOSHOE.  A  game  at  ball,  common 
in  Norfolk,  and  played  in  a  similar  manner  to 
bandy,  q.  v. 

BANDYLAN.    A  bad  woman.    North. 

BANDYN.     Bound.     (_4.-£) 

BANDY-WICKET.  The  game  of  cricket,  played 
with  a  bandy  instead  of  a  bat.  East. 

BANE.  (1)  A  bone.    North. 

Agayne  he  wode  that  water  onane, 
Nerehand  for-nomene  on  ilke  a  bane. 

MS.  Lincoln  A.  i.  17,  f.  125. 

(2)  To  afflict  with  a  bad  disease.     West.    This 
term  is  not  applied  exclusively  to  animals. 

(3)  A  murderer.     (A.-S.) 

(4)  Kind ;  courteous ;  friendly.    North.    This  is 
Kennett's  explanation  of  the  word  in   MS. 
Lansd.  1033. 

(5)  Destruction.     Chaucer. 

(6)  Near ;  convenient.     North. 
BANEBERRY.   The  herb  Christopher.  SJdnner. 
BANED.    Age-stricken.     Park. 
BANEHOUND.    To  make  believe ;  to  intend  ; 

to  purpose ;  to  suspect.    Somerset. 

BANERER.    The  bearer  of  a  banner.     Clifton. 

BANES. '  The  banns  of  matrimony.  Somerset. 
See  Webster's  Works,  i.  47,  and  the  authori- 
ties there  quoted.  The  proclamations  of  the 
old  mysteries  were  called  banes,  as  in  the 
Chester  Plays,  i.  1.  Ban  is  a  French  word, 
and  signifies  a  proclamation  by  sound  of 
trumpet. 

BANEWORT.    The  nightshade.    SHnner. 

BANG.  (1)  To  go  with  rapidity.     Cwmb. 

(2)  To  strike ;  to  shut  with  violence.  Var.  dial. 
Hence,  to  surpass,  to  beat. 

t3)  A  blow.     Var.  dial 

f  4)  A  stick ;  a  club.     North. 

(5)  A  hard  cheese  made  of  milk  several  times 
skimmed.    Suffolk. 

(6)  "  In  a  bang,"  in  a  hurry.     North. 
BANG-A-BONK.      To  lie  lazily  on  a  bank. 

Staffordsh. 

BANG-BEGGAR.  A  beadle.  Derlysh.  Also 
a  term  of  reproach,  a  vagabond. 


BANGE.     Light  fine  rain.    Essex. 
BANGER.  (1)  A  large  person.     Var.  dial 

(2)  A  hard  blow.     Salop. 

(3)  A  great  falsehood.     Warw. 
BANGING.     Great ;  large.     Var.  dial 
BANGLE.  (1)  To  spend  one's  money  foolishly. 

Lane. 

(2)  A  large  rough  stick.    Ash. 

B ANGLED.  Corn  or  young  shoots  are  said  to 
be  bangled  when  beaten  about  by  the  rain  or 
wind.  A  Zrangtedhai  means  one  bent  down  or 
slouched.  East. 

BANGLE-EARED.  Having  loose  and  hanging 
ears,  our es flaccidce  et  pendul®,  as  Upton  de- 
fines it  in  his  MS.  additions  to  Junius  in  the 
Bodleian  Library.  Miege  translates  it,  "  qui 
a  les  oreilles  pendantes." 

BANGSTRAW.  A  nick-name  for  a  thresher, 
but  applied  to  all  the  servants  of  a  farmer. 
Grose. 

BANG-UP.    A  substitute  for  yeast.   Staffordsh. 

BANIS.    Destruction.    Ritson. 

BANJY.    Dull;  gloomy.    Essex. 

BANK.  (1)  To  beat.   Exmoor. 

(2)  A  term  at  the  game  of  bowls,  mentioned  by 
Cotgrave,  in  v.  Bricoler;  and  also  at  truck,  as 
in  Holme's  Academy,  iii.  263. 

(3)  To  coast  along  a  bank.    This  seems  to  be  the 
sense  of  the  word  in  King  John,  v.  2.  See  also 
Florio,  in  v.  Corriudre. 

(4)  A  piece  of  unslit  fir-wood,  from  four  to  ten 
inches  square,  and  of  any  length.    Bailey. 

BANKAFALET.  An  old  game  at  cards  men- 
tioned in  a  little  work  caSed  "  Games  most  in 
Use,"  12mo.  Lond.  1701.  The  whole  packis 
parcelled  out  into  as  many  parts  as  there  are 
players. 

BANKAGE.  Is  mentioned  by  Harrison  among 
thepreedia  of  Otto,  in  his  Description  of  Eng- 
land, p.  158. 

BANKER.  (1)  A  cloth,  carpet,  or  covering  of 
tapestry  for  a  form,  bench,  or  seat.  In  an  in- 
ventory "  off  clothys"  in  MS.  Cantab.  Ff.  i.  6, 
f.  58,  mention  is  made  of  "  iij.  bankkers." 
Any  kind  of  small  coverlet  was  afterwards 
called  a  banker,  as  in  Brit.  Bibl.  ii  398  j  Book 
of  Rates,  p.  25. 

(2)  An  excavator,  employed  inter  alia  in  making 
embankments.  Line. 

BANKETT.  A  banquet.  See  Halle's  Expostu- 
lation, p.  14 ;  Arch.  xxii.  232. 

BANK-HOOK.  A  large  fish-hook,  which  derives 
its  name  from  being  laid  baited  in  brooks  or 
running  water,  and  attached  by  a  line  to  the 
bank.  Salop. 

BANKROUT.  A  bankrupt.  Still  in  use  in  the 
North.  Often  spelt  larikerout,  as  in  Wright's 
Passions  of  the  Minde,  1621,  p.  246,  or  ban- 
kers-out,  Du  Bartas,  p.  365.  It  is  also  a  verb, 
to  become  bankrupt ;  and  Nares  gives  an  ex- 
ample of  it  in  tlie  sense  of  bmkrwpicy*  Sir 
James  Harrington  mentions  a  game  at  cards 
called  lanfterovt.  See  Arch,  viii  149. 

BANKS.  The  seats  on  w&eK  the  rowers  of  a 
boat  sit  j  also,  the  sides  of  a  vessel.  Marston.. 


I 


BAN 


140 


BAP 


BANKS'-HORSE.  A  learned  horse,  kept  by  a 
person  named  Banks  in  the  time  of  Elizabeth, 
and  constantly  alluded  to  by  writers  of  the 
time  under  his  name  of  Morocco.  One  of  his 
exploits  is  said  to  have  been  the  ascent  of  St. 
Paul's  steeple.  The  author  of  the  Life  and 
Death  of  Mrs.  Mary  Frith,  1662,  p.  75,  says, 
"  I  shall  never  forget  my  fellow  humourist 
Banks  the  vintner  in  Cheapside,  who  taught 
his  horse  to  dance  and  shooed  him  with  silver." 
In  MS.  Ashm.  826,  f.  179,  is  a  curious  satiri- 
cal piece  entitled,  "  A  bill  of  fare  sent  to 
Bankes  the  vintner  in  Cbeape-side,  in  May 
1637  ;"  and  an  unnoticed  anecdote  respecting 
his  horse  occurs  in  Jests  to  make  you  Merie, 
1607,  p.  12. 

BANKSIDE.  Part  of  the  borough  of  Southwark, 
famous  in  Shakespeare's  time  for  its  theatres, 
and  as  the  residence  of  a  certain  class  of 
ladies.  See  further  particulars  in  Nares,  p.  26. 

BANKSMAN.  One  who  superintends  the  busi- 
ness of  the  coal  pit.  Deroysh. 

BANK-UP.  To  heap  up.  "  It  is  banking  up," 
spoken  of  a  cloud  gathering  before  a  shower. 
Devon. 

BANKY.  A  lanky  piece,  a  field  with  banks  in 
it.  Hercfordsh. 

BANLES.    Without  bones. 

BANNE.  To  ban;  to  curse;  to  banish.  (A.-N.) 
See  Piers  Ploughman,  pp.  18,  143,  167,  310. 
Bannee  occurs  apparently  in  a  similar  sense 
in  the  Exmoor  Scolding,  p.  11. 

BANNER.  A  body  of  armed  men,  varying  from 
twenty  to  eighty.  See  the  State  Papers, 
ii.  46. 

BANNERELL.  A  little  streamer  or  flag.  See 
Florio,  in  v.  Bandaruola ;  Arch,  xii.  350. 

BANNERERE.    A  standard-bearer.    Weber. 

BANNERET.  A  knight  made  in  the  field  with 
the  ceremony  of  cutting  off  the  point  of  his 
standard,  and  making  it  a  banner. 

Thane  the  banerettez  of  Bretayne  broghte  thame 
to  tentes.  Marts  Arthurs,  MS.  Line.  A.  i.  17,  f.  78. 

BANNERING.  An  annual  custom  of  perambu- 
lating the  bounds  of  a  parish,  for  the  purpose 
of  maintaining  the  local  jurisdiction  and 
privileges.  Salop. 

BANNET-HAY.    A  rick-yard.     Wilts. 

BANNEY.    St.  Barnabas.    /.  Wight. 

BANNICK.    To  beat ;  to  thrash.    Sussex. 

B  ANNIKIN.    A  small  drinking  cap. 

But  since  it  is  resolved  otherwise,  I  pray  you  bid 
the  butler  bring  up  his  bannikins,  and  I'll  make 
you  all  lords  like  myself. 

Account  of  Groceri?  Company,  p.  25. 

BANNIN.  That  which  is  used  for  shutting  or 
stopping.  Somerset. 

BANNIS.    A  stickleback.     Wilts. 

BANNISTERS.  A  term  which  is  supposed  to 
mean  travellers  in  distress.  It  occurs  in  the 
ancient  accounts  of  the  parish  of  Chudleigh, 
co.  Devon.  See  Carlisle  on  Charities,  p.  288. 

BANNOCK.  A  thick  round  cake  of  bread,  not 
a  loaf.  At  Worsley,  co.  Lane.,  it  is  thus 
made — oatmeal  and  water  two  parts,  treacle 
one  part,  baked  about  one  fourth  of  an  inch 


thick  in  cakes  of  a  few  inches  in  diameter. 
Ray  explains  it,  "  an  oat-cake  kneaded  with 
water  only,  and  baked  in  the  embers."  A 
kind  of  hard  ship  biscuit  sometimes  goes 
under  this  name. 

BANNUT.     A  walnut.     West.     The  growing 
tree  is  called  a  bannut  tree,  but  the  converted 
timber  walnut.      The  term  occurs  as  early  as 
1697  in  MS.  Lansd.  1033,  f.  2. 
BANNYD.     Banished.     (^.-M) 
Mede  and  Palseheed  assocyed  are, 

Trowthe  bannyd  ys,  the  blynde  may  »»*  *e ; 
Manye  a  mon  they  make  fulle  bare, 

A  strange  compleynt  ther  ys  of  every  degiv 

MS.  Cantab.  Ff.  i.  6,  f.  135. 

BANQUET.  (1)  Generally  means  a  dessert  in 
the  works  of  our  early  writers.  According  to 
Gifford  the  banquet  was  usually  placed  in  a 
separate  room,  to  which  the  guests  removed 
when  they  had  dined.  This  was  called  the 
banquetting  room.  See  Beaumont  and 
Fletcher,  iii.  437;  Ford's  Works,  i.  231; 
Middleton's  Works,  iii.  252;  Malone's  Shake- 
speare, v.  510. 
(2)  Part  of  the  branch  of  a  horse's  bit.  See  the 

Diet.  Rust,  in  v. 

BANQUETER.    A  banker.    Huloet. 
BANRENT.    A  banneret ;  a  noble.     Gaw. 
BANRET.     Same  as  banneret,  q.  v.   According 
to  Stanihurst,  Des.  of  Ireland,  p.  39,  "  he  is 
properlie  called  a  banret,  whose  father  was  no 
carpet  knight,  but  dubbed  in  the  field  under 
the  banner  or  ensigne."     Cf.  Sir  Degrevant 
458. 

BANSCHYN.    To  banish.    Prompt.  Parv. 
BANSEL.    To  beat ;  to  punish.     Staffordsh. 
BANSTICKLE.    The  stickleback.   Huloet.    The 
term  is  still  in  use  in  Wiltshire,  pronounced 
lanticle. 

BANT.    A  string.    Lane. 
BANTAMWORK.  A  very  showy  kind  of  painted 

or  carved  work.    Ash. 

BAN  WORT.     A  violet.     Dunelm.     According 
to  Cooper,  bellis  is  "the  whyte  daysy,  called  of 
some  the  margarite,  in  the  North  banwoort" 
See  Bibl.  Eliotae,  ed.  1559,  in  v.     Our  first 
explanation  is  given  on  Kennett's  authority, 
MS.  Lansd.  1033.    (A.-S.  Banwyrt.) 
BANY.     Bony ;  having  large  bones.     North* 
BANYAN-DAY.     A  sea  term  for  those  days  on 

which  no  meat  is  allowed  to  the  sailors. 
BANYER.    A  standard-bearer.     (A.-N.) 
BANYNGE.     A  kind  of  bird.     "A  sparlynge 
or  a  banynge"  is  mentioned  in  MS.  Arund, 
249,  f.  90.     See  also  the  Archaeologia,  xiii. 
341.    The  sparling  is  described  by  Randal 
Holme,  p.  293 ;  but  it  is  also  the  name  of  the 
smelt,  which  may  be  here  intended. 
BANZELL.     A  long  lazy  fellow.     North. 
BAON.    The  enclosed  space  between  the  ex- 
ternal walls  and  the  body  of  a  fortress.     See 
the  State  Papers,  ii.  441. 
BAP.    A  piece  of  baker's  bread,  varying  from 
one  penny  to  twopence  in  value,  generally  in 
the  shape  of  an  elongated  rhombus,  but  some- 
times circular.    North. 


BAI 


141 


BAPTEME.    Baptism. 

BAPTISM.  A  ceremony  performed  in  merchant 
vessels  which  pass  the  line  for  the  first  time, 
both  upon  the  ships  and  men.  The  custom 
is  fully  described  in  Bailey's  Dictionary,  fol. 
ed.  in  v. 

BAPTYSTE.     Baptism.     Ritson. 

BAR.  (1)  A  baron.     Rob.  Glouc. 

(2)  To  shut ;  to  close.    North. 

(3)  A  joke.     North. 

(4)  A  horseway  up  a  hill.     Derby sh. 

(5)  To  lay  claim  or  make  choice  of;  a  term  used 
by  boys  at  play  when  they  select  a  particular 
situation  or  place. 

(6)  A  feather  in  a  hawk's  wing.     Earners. 

(7)  Bare;  naked.     North. 

(8)  A  boar.  (A.-S.) 

(9)  Bore.  (A.-S.)     Also,  to  hear,  as  in  Percy's 
Reliques,  p.  4. 

(10.)  Throwing  or  pitching  the  bar  was  a  com- 
mon amusement  with  our  ancestors,  and  is 
said  to  have  been  a  favourite  pastime  with 
Henry  VIII. 

Scarse  from  these  mad  folke  had  he  gone  so  farre 
As  a  strong  man  will  eas'ly  pitch  a  barre. 

Drayton's  Poems,  p.  241. 

(11.)  To  bar  a  die  was  a  phrase  used  amongst 
gamblers.  See  Mr.  Collier's  notes  to  the 
Ghost  of  Richard  III.,  p.  75. 

BARA-PICKLET.  Bread  made  of  fine  flour, 
leavened,  and  made  into  small  round  cakes. 
Diet.  Rust.  Cf.  Holme's  Academy,  iii.  86. 

BARATHRUM.  An  abyss.  (Lat.}  Our  poets 
frequently  apply  the  word  to  an  insatiate 
eater.  See  Shirley's  Works,  i.  390  ;  Fairholt's 
Pageants,  ii.  183. 

BARATOUR.  A  quarrelsome  person.  Cf. 
Prompt.  Parv.,  p.  23  ;  Florio,  in  v.  Imburias- 
sone  ;  Reliq.  Antiq.  ii.  239 ;  Hardyng's  Chroni- 
cle, f.  215. 

One  was  Ewayne  fytz  Asoure, 
Another  was  Gawayne  with  honour, 
And  Kay  the  bolde  baratvur. 

Sir  Perceval,  263. 

BARATOWS.     Contentious.    SJeeUon. 

BARAYNE.  Barren,  applied  to  hinds  not 
gravid.  Baraynes  used  substantively.  Gaw. 
Cf.  Morte  D'Arthur,  ii.  355. 

BARA3E.     Bore  away. 
The  ryng  and  the  gloven  of  the  sexteyn  he  nom 
And  bara^e ;  and  this  lordynges  al  that  sothe  tolde. 
MS.  Coll  Trin.  Oxen.  57. 

BARB.  (1)  To  shave.  See  Measure  for  Measure 
iv.  2,  ed.  1685.  Hence,  to  mow  a  field,  as  in 
Webster's  Works,  iv.  78.  Ben  Jonson,  iv 
19,  has  barbing  money,  for  clipping  it;  and 
according  to  Bailey,  to  barb  a  lobster  is  to 
cut  it  up. 

(2)  Florio  has  "  Bartoncetti,  the  barbes  or  little 
teates  in  the  mouth  of  some  horses." 

(3)  A  Barbary  horse.    See  Blome's  Gent.  Rec 
ii.  1.  ' 

BARBALOT.    A  puffin.   Holme.     It  is  also  the 

name  of  a  fish,  the  barbel. 
BARBARYN.    The  barberry.    Prompt.  Pan?. 
BARBASON     The  supposed  name  of  a  fiend 


mentioned  in  Merry  W.  of  "Windsor,  ii.  2  ; 
Henry  V.,  ii.  1. 

BARBE.  A  hood,  or  muffier,  which  covered 
tlie  lower  part  of  the  face.  According  to 
Strutt,  it  was  a  piece  of  white  plaited  linen 
and  belonged  properly  to  mourning,  being 
generally  worn  under  the  chin.  The  feathers 
under  the  beak  of  a  hawk  were  called  the 
barbe  feders,  so  that  there  may  possibly  be 
some  connexion  between  the  terms  ;  and  in 
the  Dial.  Great.  Moral,  p.  223,  mention  is 
made  of  an  animal  with  "  a  barlydde  chynne" 
In  Syr  Gawayne  the  word  is  applied  to  the 
edge  of  an  axe,  and  the  points  of  arrows  are 
called  barbes, 

BARBED.  An  epithet  formerly  applied  to  war- 
horses,  when  caparisoned  with  military  trap- 
pings and  armour.  Perhaps  the  more  correct 
form  is  larded,  q.  v. 

BARBED-CATTE.  A  warlike  engine,  described 
in  the  following  passage  : 

For  to  make  a  werrely  holde,  that  men  calle  a 
la)  bad  catte,  and  a  bewfray  that  shal  have  ix.  fadorne 
of  Jengthe  and  two  fadome  of  brede,  and  the  said 
catte  six  fadome  of  lengthe  and  two  of  brede,  shal 
be  ordeyned  all  squarre  wode  for  the  same  aboute 
foure  hondred  fadom,  a  thousand  of  borde,  xxiiij. 
rolles,  and  a  grete  quantyte"  of  smalle  wode. 

Caxtoji's  Vegecivs,  Sig.  T.  6. 

BARBEL.  A  small  piece  of  armour  which  pro- 
tects part  of  the  bassinet. 

His  barbel  first  adoun  he  deth, 
\Vithouten  colour  his  neb  he  seth, 

Gij  of  Warwike,  p.  160. 

BARBENY.     Same  as  Milts,  q.  v. 

BARBER.  To  shave  or  trim  the  beard.  ShaJc. 
The  term  barber-monger  in  King  Lear,  is  ap- 
parently applied  to  a  person  dressed  out  by  a 
barber,  a  finical  fop.  The  phrase  barber's  for- 
feits does  not  seem  to  be  satisfactorily  ex- 
plained by  the  commentators,  nor  can  we  sup- 
ply more  certain  information.  It  is  supposed 
to  have  some  reference  to  their  double  trade  of 
barber  and  physician.  In  MS.  Sloane  776,  is 
a  medical  treatise,  "  compylyd  by  me  Charlys 
Whytte,  cittezen  and  b  arbour  e~cirurgy  on  of 
London  ;"  and  it  is  commonly  stated  that  the 
spiral  lines  still  seen  on  the  barber's  pole  re  •> 
present  the  fillets  bound  round  the  arm  when 
a  person  is  bled. 

BARBICAN.  A  kind  of  watch-tower.  The 
term  is  also  applied  to  an  advanced  work  be- 
fore the  gate  of  a  castle  or  fortified  town,  or 
any  outwork  at  a  short  distance  from  the  main 
works;  and  it  occurs  in  Kyng  Alisaunder, 
1591,  explained  by  Weber  "  a  parapet  or 
strong  high  wall,  with  turrets  to  defend  the 
gate  and  drawbridge." 

BARBLE.    The  Bible.    North. 

BARBLES.  Small  vesicular  tingling  pimples, 
such  as  are  caused  by  the  stinging  of  nettles, 
or  of  some  minute  insects.  East.  The  term 
is  also  applied  to  knots  in  the  mouth  of  a 
horse.  See  TopselFs  History  of  Foure-footed 
Beasts,  p.  363. 

BARBONES.  A  receipt  to  make  "  tarte  bar- 
bones"  is  given  in  Wyl  Bucke's  Test.  p.  33. 


BAR 


142 


BAR 


BARBORANNE.    The  barberry.    Gaw. 
BARBORERY.     A    barber's    shop.     Prompt. 

Parv. 

BARBS.  (1)  Military  trappings.    Spenser. 
(2)  The  barbies.  "  Barbs  under  calves  tongues" 
are  mentioned  in  Markham's  Countrey  Farme, 
p.  63. 
BARCARY.      A   sheep-cote;     a    sheep-walk. 

Bailey. 

BARGE.    A  stickleback.    Yorksh. 
BARCELETT.   A  species  of  bow.    Gaw. 
BARD.  (1)  A  trapping  for  a  horse,  generally 

the  breast-plate. 
(2)  Tough.   Rob.  Glouc. 
(S)  Barred ;  fastened.   Towneley  Myst. 
BARDASH.    An  unnatural  paramour.    Florio 

has  it  as  the  translation  of  caramita. 
BAR'D-CATER-TRA.    The  name  for  a  kind  of 
false  dice,  so  constructed  that  the  guatre  and 
trois  shall  very  seldom  come  up. 
He  hath  a  stocke  whereon  his  living  stayes, 
And  they  are  fullams  and  bardquarte>-~trayes. 

Rowlands'  Humors  Ordinarie,  n.  d. 

BARDE.  Barred.  S ee  Friar  B aeon' s  Prophecie, 
p.  13 ;  Brit.  Bibl.  ii.  621. 

BARBED.  Equipped  with  military  trappings  or 
ornaments,  applied  to  horses.  See  Hall, 
Henry  VIII.  f.  45.  Bard  is  used  as  a  substan- 
tive by  the  same  writer,  Henry  IV.  f.  12,  and 
it  often  has  reference  to  horses'  armour. 

BARDELLO.  The  quilted  saddle  wherewith 
colts  are  backed.  Howell. 

BARDOLF.  AIL  ancient  dish  in  cookery.  The 
manner  of  making  it  is  described  in  Warner's 
Antiq.  Cutin.  p.  84. 

BARDOUS.  Simple;  foolish.  (Lot.) 

BARDS.  Strips  of  bacon  used  in  larding.  Mh. 

BARE.  (1)  Mere.  In  this  sense  it  occurs  in 
Coriolanus.  In  Syr  Gawayne,  mere,  uncondi- 
tional, and  is  also  applied  to  the  blasts  of  a 
horn,  apparently  meaning  short,  or  without 
rechate.  It  is  also  used  adverbially. 

(2)  To  shave,    Shdk. 

(3)  Bareheaded.    Jonson. 

(4)  A  mixture  of  molten  iron  and  sand,  which 
lies  at  the  bottom  of  a  furnace.    Salop. 

(5)  A  piece  of  wood  which  a  labourer  is  some- 
times allowed  to  carry  home.    Suffolk, 

(6)  A  boar.  (A.-S.)  See  Sir  Degrevant,  43. 

(7)  A  bier.    It  is  the  translation  of  libltina  in  a 
vocabulary  in  MS.  Lansd.  560,  f.  45,  written 
in  Lancashire  in  the  fifteenth  century. 

£8)  Apparently  a  piece  of  cloth.  "  Two  tares 
of  raynes,"  Ordinances  and  Regulations,  p.  125. 

(9)  A  place  without  grass,  made  smooth  for 
bowling.  Kersey. 

BAREAHOND.    To  assist.    North. 

BARE-BARLEY.  A  Staffordshire  term  thus  de- 
scribed in  MS.  Lansd.  1033,  "  naked  barley, 
whose  ear  is  shaped  like  barley,  but  its  grain 
like  wheat  without  any  husk,  which  therefore 
some  call  wheat-barley,  and  others  French- 
barley,  because  not  much  differing  from  that 
bought  in  the  shops  under  such  name." 

BARE-BUBS.  A  term  used  by  boys  to  denote 
the  unfledged  young  of  birds.  Line. 


BAREHEVEDYS.     Boars'  heads. 

There  come  in  at  the  fyrste  course,  befor  the  kyng 

selvene, 

Barehevedys  that  ware  bryghte  burnyste  with  sylver. 
Jfforte  Arthurs,  MS,  Lincoln  A.  i.  17,  f.  55. 

BARE  HIDES.  A  kind  of  covering  for  carts. 
See  Arch.  xxvi.  401 ;  Florio,  in  v.  Spazza- 
coverta  ;  Ordinances  and  Regulations,  p.  394  ; 
Privy  Purse  Expences  of  Elizabeth  of  York, 
pp.  15,  16,  37. 

BARELLE.    A  bundle. 

Thentendours  of  suche  a  purpose  would  rather 

have  had  their  harneies  on  their  backes,  then  to  have 

bound  them  up  in  barelles,  yet  muche  part  of  the 

common  people  were  therewith  ryght  wel  satisfyed. 

Hall,  Edward  T.  f.  7. 

BARELY.    Unconditionally ;  certainly. 

BAREN.  (1)  They  bore,  pi.     Chaucer. 

(2)  To  bark.     Coles. 

BARENHOND.     To  intimate.     Somerset. 

BARE-PUMP.  A  little  piece  of  hollow  wood  or 
metal  to  pump  beer  or  water  out  of  a  cask. 
Kersey. 

BARES.  Those  parts  of  an  image  which  repre- 
sent the  bare  flesh. 

BARET.  (1)  Strife  ;  contest.  Cf.  Maundevile's 
Travels,  p.  272 ;  Cocaygne,  27 ;  Reliq.  Antiq. 
ii.  91. 

That  baret  rede  I  not  je  brewe, 
That  je  for  ever  aftir  rewe. 
Cursor  Mundi,  MS.  Coll.  Trin.  Cantab,  f.  26. 

(2)  Grief;  sorrow.  Cf.GestaRomanorum,  p.  183; 
Tundale's  Visions,  p.  55. 
Mykille  barette  and  bale  to  Bretan  schalle  bring. 

RobsQn's  Romances,  p.  11. 

BAREYNTE.    Barrenness.    Prompt.  Parv. 

BARF.    A  hill.     Yorfah. 

BARFHAME.    A  horse's  neck-collar.   Durham 

BARFRAY.    A  tower.     Gaw. 

BARFUL.     Full  of  impediments.     Shaft, 

BARGAIN.  An  indefinite  number  or  quantity 
of  anything,  not  necessarily  conveying  the  idea 
of  purchase  or  sale.  A  load  of  a  waggon  is  so 
called.  East.  In  Lincolnshire  we  have  the 
phrase,  "  It's  a  bargains,"  it's  no  conse- 
quence. 

BARGAINE.    Contention;  strife.     Chaucer. 

BARGANDER.    A  brant-goose.     Baret. 

BARGANY.    A  bargain.     Prompt.  Parv. 

BARGARET.  A  kind  of  song  or  ballad,  perhaps 
accompanied  with  a  dance.  Chaucer.  The 
word  barginet  seems  used  in  a  similar  sense  in 
Brit.  Bibl.  iii.  29. 

BARGE.  A  fat  heavy  person ;  a  term  of  con- 
tempt. Exmoor.  Kennett,  MS.  Lansd.  1033, 
has  barge,  "  a  highway  up  a  steep  hill."  This 
may  be  another  form  of  barf,  q.  v. 

BARGE-BOARD,  The  front  or  facing  of  a 
barge-course,  to  conceal  the  barge  couples, 
laths,  tiles,  &c. 

BARGE-COUPLE.  One  beam  framed  into  an- 
other to  strengthen  the  building. 

BARGE-COURSE.  Apart  of  the  tiling  or  thatch- 
ing of  a  roof,  projecting  over  the  gable. 

BARGE -DAY.    Ascension-day.    Newcastle. 

BARGET.  A  barge.  This  term  is  used  several 
times  by  Malory,  Morte  d' Arthur,  ii.  351  -2. 


BAR 


143 


BAE 


BARGH.  (1)  A  horseway  up  a  hill,    North. 

(2)  A  barrow  hog.     Ortus. 

BARGOOD.    Yeast.     Var.  dial 

BAKGUEST.  A  frightful  goblin,  armed  with 
teeth  and  claws,  a  supposition  object  of  ter- 
ror in  the  North  of  England.  According  to 
Ritson,  Fairy  Tales,  p.  58,  the  barguest,  be- 
sides its  many  other  pranks,  would  sometimes 
in  the  dead  of  night,  in  passing  through  the 
different  streets,  set  up  the  most  horrid  and 
continuous  shrieks,  in  order  to  scare  the  poor 
girls  who  might  happen  to  be  out  of  bed.  It 
was  generally  believed  that  the  faculty  of  see- 
ing this  goblin  was  peculiar  to  certain  indivi- 
duals, but  that  the  gift  could  be  imparted  to 
another  at  the  time  of  the  ghost's  appearance; 
by  the  mere  action  of  touching. 

BARIAN.     A  rampart.     (A.-N^ 

BARIDE.    Made  bare. 

Hys  hauberk  brak  with  dentes  baride, 
That  men  moht  se  hys  naked  hide. 

Guy  of  Warwick,  Middlehill  MS. 

BAR-IRE.    A  crow-bar.    Devon. 

BARK.  (1)  The  tartar  deposited  by  bottled  wine 
or  other  liquor  encrusting  the  bottle.  East. 

(1)  Acylindrical  receptacle  for  caudles ;  a  candle- 
box.  North.  At  first  it  was  only  a  piece  of 
bark  nailed  up  against  the  wall. 

(3)  "  Between  the  bark  and  the  wood,"  a  well- 
adjusted  bargain,  where  neither  party  has  the 


(4)  A  cough.     Var.  dial. 

(5)  To  bark  a  person's  shins,  is  to  knock  the 
skin  off  the  legs  by  lacking  or  bruising  them. 
Salop. 

BARKARY.    A  tan-house.    Jacobs. 

BARKED.  Encrusted  with  dirt.  North.  Some- 
times pronounced  darkened. 

BARKEN.  The  yard  of  a  house ;  a  farm-yard. 
South. 

BARKER.  (1)  A  tanner,    Ritson. 

(2)  A  fault-finder.     Holly  band. 

S3)  A  whetstone  ;  a  rubber.    Dewnsh. 
4)  Ray,  in  the  preface  to  his  Collection  of  Eng- 
lish Words,  mentions  the  barker,  "  a  marsh 

bird  with  a  long  bill,  to  which  there  was  no 

Latine  name  added." 
(5)  "  Barkers  of  redd  worsted"  are  mentioned  in 

the  Ordinances  and  Regulations,  p.  127. 
BARKFAT.    A  tanner's  vat.     Chaucer. 
BARK-GALLING  is  when  trees  are  galled  by 

being  bound  to  stakes.    Bailey. 
BARKHAM.    A  horse's  collar.     North. 
BARKLED.  Baked  or  encrusted  with  dirt,  more 

particularly  applied  to  the  human  skin.  North. 

Grose  has  barkit,  dirt  hardened  on  hair. 
BARKMAN.    A  boatman.    Kersey. 
BARKSET-E.    Same  as  barsale,  q.  v. 
BARK  WATER.   Foul  water  in  which  hides  have 

been  tanned.    Prompt.  Pare. 
BARK- WAX.    Bark  occasionally  found  in  the 

body  of  a  tree,  arising  from  some  accident 

when  young.    East. 
BARLAY.  Apparently  a  corruption  of  the  French 

par  loi.    See  gloss,  to  Syr  Gawayne,  in  v. 


BARLEEG.  An  ancient  dish  m  cookery,  com- 
posed  of  almonds  and  rice.  See  Warner's  Au- 
tiq.  Culin.  p.  83. 

BARLEP.  A  basket  for  keeping  barley  in 
Prompt.  Parv. 

BARLET.  So  the  first  folio  reads  in  Macbeth, 
i.  6,  where  modern  editors  have  substituted 
martlet.  See  the  edit.  1623,  p.  134. 

BARLEY.  To  bespeak ;  to  claim.  It  is  an  ex- 
clamation frequently  used  by  children  in  their 
games  when  they  \vish  to  obtain  a  short  ex- 
emption from  the  laws  of  the  amusement  in 
which  they  are  occupied.  North. 

BARLEY-BIG,  A  particular  kind  of  barley, 
mostly  cultivated  in  the  fenny  districts  of  Nor- 
folk and  the  Isle  of  Ely. 

I  have  never  known  any  malt  made  of  rye,  perhaps 
because  yielding  very  little  bran,  it  is  found  more  att 
fnr  bread-corn,  nor  of  that  grain  which  we  call  barley- 
biff,  yet  I  hear  that  of  late  it  is  ofte  malted  in  other 
places.  Aubrey's  Wilts,  MS.  Soc.  Reg.  p.  304. 

BARLEY-BIRD.  The  nightingale,  which  comes 
in  the  season  of  sowing  barley.  East.  The 
green-finch  is  sometimes  so  called,  and  the 
name  is  still  more  frequently  applied  to  the 
siskin. 

BARLEY-BOTTLES.  Little  bundles  of  barley 
in  the  straw,  given  to  farm-horses.  This  waste- 
ful method  of  giving  feeds  of  corn  was  for- 
merly in  vogue  in  Norfolk,  but  is  now  disused. 

BARLEY-BREAK.  An  ancient  rural  game,  thus- 
described  by  Gifford.  It  was  played  by  six 
people,  three  of  each  sex,  who  were  coupled  by 
lot  A  piece  of  ground  was  then  chosen,  and 
divided  into  three  compartments,  of  which  the 
middle  one  was  called  hell.  It  was  the  object 
of  the  couple  condemned  to  this  division  to- 
catch  the  others,  who  advanced  from  the  frwc* 
extremities ;  in  which  case  a  change  of  situa- 
tion took  place,  and  hell  was  filled  by  the 
couple  who  were  excluded  by  pre-occupation 
from  the  other  places ;  in  this  "  catching/' 
however,  there  was  some  difficulty,  as,  by  the 
regulations  of  the  game,  the  middle  couple 
were  not  to  separate  before  they  had  succeeded; 
while  the  others  might  break  hands  whenever 
they  found  themselves  hard  pressed.  When 
all  had  been  taken  in  turn,  the  last  couple  were 
said  to  be  in  hell,  and  the  game  ended.  There 
is  a  description  of  the  game  in  a  little  tract, 
called  "  Barley-breake,  or  a  Warning  for  Wan.- 
tons,"  4to.  Lond.  1607.  Some  extracts  from 
it  will  be  found  in  the  Brit.  Bibl.  i.  66.  See 
also  Florio,  in  v.  Pome;  Brand's  Pop.  Antiq, 
ii.  236. 

BARLEY-BREE.    Ale.    North. 

BARLEY-BUN.  A  "  barley  bumte  gentleman" 
is,  according  to  Minsheu,  "  a  gent,  (although 
rich)  yet  lives  with  barley  bread,  and  other- 
wise barely  and  hardly." 

BARLEY-CORN.    Ale  or  beer.     Var.  dial 

BARLEY-HAILES.  The  spears  of  barley.  South. 

BARLEY-MUNG.  Barley  meal,  mixed  with 
water  or  milk,  to  fatten  fowls  or  pigs.  Mast. 

BAKLE Y-PLUM.  A  kind  of  dark  purple  plum. 
West. 


BAR 


BaRLEY-SEED-BIRD.  The  yellow  water-wag- 
tail. Yorksh. 

BARLEY-SELE.  The  season  of  sowing  barley. 
East.  The  term  is  found  in  the  Prompt.  Parv. 
p.  25. 

BARLICHE.    Barley. 

They  were  constreyned  to  resceive  barliche  for  here 
jeres  rewarde.  MS.  Donee  291,  f.  16. 

BARLICHOOD.  The  state  of  being  ill-tem- 
pered after  the  use  of  intoxicating  liquors. 
North.  Skelton has  Itarlyhood,  i.  107,  though 
not,  I  think,  in  the  same  sense.  See  larly- 
liate  in  Nugae  Poet.  p.  9. 

BARLING.    A  lamprey.    North. 

BARLINGS.  Firepoles.  In  Blomefield's  Nor- 
folk, iii.  760,  mention  is  made  of  "  sixteen 
acres  and  a  rood  of  heath,  with  the  barlings, 
valued  at  19*.  Id"  Boucher  erroneously  con- 
siders it  to  be  a  dialectical  pronunciation  of 
bare  or  barren  lands.  The  term  again  occurs 
in  the  Book  of  Rates,  p.  25. 

BARM.  (1)  The  lap  or  bosom.  (A.-S.) 
To  her  he  profreth  his  service, 
And  layth  his  heed  upon  hir  barme. 

Gower>  ed.  1532,  f.  139. 

(2)  Yeast.  West.  The  term  is  found  in  Shake- 
speare, Lilly,  Beaumont  and  Fletcher,  and 
other  early  writers. 

B  ARMAS TER.  A  chief  officer  among  the  miners, 
who  measures  the  oar  obtained,  receives  the 
lot  and  cope,  lays  out  and  measures  meers  of 
ground  to  the  miners,  and  appoints  barmote 
courts.  Derftysh. 

BARME-CLOTH.  An  apron.  Chaucer.  The 
term  tarm-feUys  occurs  in  a  curious  poem  in 
Reliq.  Antiq.  i.  240,  meaning  the  leathern 
aprons  worn  by  blacksmiths ;  and  barmhatres, 
garments  for  the  bosom,  in  the  same  work, 
ii.  176. 

BARMOTE.    A  bergmote.    Derbysh. 

BARMSKIN.  A  leather  apron,  generally  one 
made  of  the  skin  of  sheep.  North.  In  Lin- 
colnshire holds  the  elegant  simile,  "  as  dirty 
and  greasy  as  a  barmskin."  The  word  occurs 
in  the  Prompt.  Parv.  p.  25. 

BARN.  (1)  A  child.  (A.-S.}  The  word  is  com- 
mon both  as  an  archaism  and  provincialism. 
Harrison,  in  his  Description  of  England,  p.  157, 
says  "  the  common  sort  doo  caU  their  male 
children  fames  here  in  England,  especiallie  in 
the  North  countrie,  where  that  word  is  yet  ac- 
customablie  in  use ;  and  it  is  also  growne  into 
a  proverbe  in  the  South,  when  anie  man  sus- 
teineth  a  great  Mnderance,  to  saie,  I  am  beg- 
gered  and  all  my  frames." 

(2)  A  man. 

(3)  To  lay  up  in  a  barn.    East.    Shakespeare 
uses  the  word  in  this  sense  in  the  Rape  of  Lu- 
crece,  xx.  155. 

(4)  A  garner.     WicJcliffe. 

(5)  Going.     YorJcsh. 

BARNABAS.    A  kind  of  thistle,  mentioned  by 

Florio,  in  v.  Calcatrippa. 
BARNABEE.     The  lady-bird.     Suffolk. 
BARNAB Y-BRIGHT.     The  provincial  name  for 

St.  Barnabas'  day,  June  llth,  which  has  been 


144  BAR 

celebrated  in  proverbs  and  nursery-rhymes 
under  this  name. 

BARNACLES.  It  was  formerly  thought  that 
this  species  of  shell-fish,  which  is  found  on 
timber  exposed  to  the  action  of  the  sea,  be- 
came, when  broken  off,  a  kind  of  geese.  These 
geese  are  called  barnacles  by  many  of  our  old 
writers.  The  term  is  also  often  applied  to  spec- 
tacles. 

BARNAGE.  The  baronage.  (Fr.)  See  Chron. 
Vilodun.  p.  31 ;  Gij  of  Warwicke,  p.  205  ; 
Ywaine  and  Gawin,  1258. 

The  king  com  with  his  barnage, 
And  tounes  brent  in  grete  rage. 

Arthour  and  Merlin,  p.  90. 

BARNDE.    Burnt.     Rod.  Glouc. 
BARN-DOOR-SAVAGE.  A  clodhopper.   Salop. 
BARNE.  (1)  A  kind  of  flower,  mentioned  in 

Hollyband's  Dictionarie,  1593. 
(2)  A  baron.     See  Const.  Freemas.  p.  14 ;  Rob. 
Glouc.  p.  139 ;  Sir  Degrevant,  1844 ;  Thorn- 
ton Rom.  p.  260. 

BARNED.     Closed;  shut  up.     Oocon. 
BARNEHED.     Childhood. 

Also  mene  chaungez  thurghe  dyverse  ages;  for 
barvehed  rejoyse  it  in  sympilnesse,  jouthehede  in  pre- 
sumptuosnes,  and  grete  elde  in  stabilnes. 

MS.  Lincoln  A.  i.  17,  f.  36. 
Thar  sal  je  find  sumkyn  dedis, 
That  Jhesus  did  in  hys  baim-hedis. 

MS.  Cott.  Vespas.  A.  iii.  f.  3. 

BARNE  KIN.  The  outermost  ward  of  a  castle, 
within  which  the  barns,  stables,  cow-houses, 
&c.  were  placed.  Hall  spells  it  bamkyn,  Henry 
VIII.  f.  101 ;  and  the  unusual  form  bameJcynch 
occurs  in  Sir  Degrevant,  375. 

BARNE-LAYKAYNES.    Children's  playthings. 
In  that  also  that  thou  sent  us  a  hande-balle  and 
other  barne-laykaynes,  thou  prophicyedrijte,  and  bi- 
takend  bifore  thyngez  that  we  trowe  thurghe  Goddez 
heJpesaJle  falle  untille  us.    MS.  Lincoln  A.  i.  17,  f.  8. 

BARNGUN.    An  eruption  on  the  skin.    Devon. 

BARNISH.  (1)  Childish.     North. 

(2)  To  increase  in  strength  or  vigour ;  to  fatten ; 
look  ruddy  and  sleek.  The  word  is  in  con- 
stant use  in  the  Southern  and  Western  coun- 
ties, and  is  also  an  archaism.  "  Barnish  you," 
an  imprecation  found  in  the  Devonshire  dialect. 

BARN-MOUSE.  A  bat.  "Bit  by  a  barn-mouse," 
a  common  phrase  for  being  tipsy. 

BARN-SCOOP.  A  wooden  shovel  used  in 
barns.  Var.  dial. 

BARN-TEME.  (1)  A  brood  of  children.  See 
Towneley  Myst.  pp.  46,  212 ;  Chester  Plays, 
ii.  53. 

He  and  his  eldest  brother  Seem, 
Blessedest  of  that  barne-tetmi. 

Cursor  Mundi,  MS.  Col.  Tt-in.  Cantab,  f.  13. 
The  firste  ther  of  this  foule  barne-tyme  highte 
Envye,  the  tother  highte  Pride,  the  thirde  highte 
Gruchynge.  MS.  Lincoln  A.  i.  17,  f.  275. 

(2)  A  Child. 

His  dame  nowe  maye  dreame 

For  her  owlne  barne-teame.  Chester  Plays,  ii.  55k 

BARN  WORT.   See  Banwort. 

BARNYARD.    A  straw-yard.    East. 

BARN-YOTJ.    An  imprecation.   Devon. 

BARNYSKYN.    A  leather  apron.  Pr.  Parv.  . 


BAH  i  A 

BARON.  (1)  Sometimes  used  for  barn,  a  child,  | 
as  in  Cov.  Myst.  p.  182 ;  Chester  Plays,  i,  192.  | 

(2)  The  back  part  of  a  cow.    Far.  dial.  \ 

BARONADY.   The  dignity  of  a  baron.  i 

BARONAGE.  An  assembly  of  barons.  The  same 
with  barnage,  q.  v.  ! 

•BARONER.  A  baron. 

BAROWE.  An  ancient  vehicle,  whence  perhaps 
the  modern  term  barrow  is  derived.  It  is 
translated  by  cenovectorium  in  the  Prompt. 
Parv.  p.  25. 

BARR.  (1)  To  choose  ;  to  debar.   Salop. 

(2)  Part  of  a  stag's  horn,  mentioned  in  the  ap- 
pendix to  Howell,  sect.  3. 

(3)  The  gate  of  a  city. 
BARRA.   A  gelt  pig.   Exmoor. 
BARRACAN.    A  sort  of  stuff.   Miege. 
BARRA-HORSE.    A  Barbary  horse.    See  the 

Privy  Purse  Expences  of  Henry  VIII.  p.  204. 
BAERATING.  Quarrelling.    See  the  2d  Part  of 

Promos  and  Cassandra,  ii.  4. 
BARRE.  (1)  The  ornament  of  a  girdle.    See 

Prompt.  Parv.  p.  24 ;  Notes  to  Chaucer,  p.  150. 

Florio  mentions  the  barres  of  a  helmet,  in  v. 

Forchttte. 
(2)  To  move  violently. 

In  myddis  the  streme  when  that  thay  ware, 
The  wawes  with  wynde  byjane  to  barre. 

MS.  Lincoln  A.  i.  17,  f.  125. 

BARRED.  Striped.  Shirley,  ii.  380,  speaks  of  a 
"  barr'd  gown,"  and  the  term  occurs  also  in  Syr 
Gawayne.  Drayton  has  barred  for  barbed,  ap- 
plied to  horses. 

BARREINE.   Barren.    Chaucer. 

BARREL.  A  bucket.  Elyot  mentions  "the 
barrel  of  a  well,"  in  v.  Suc-ula.  Florio,  in  v. 
Doga,  mentions  barrel-boards,  boards  of  which 
barrels  are  made. 

BARREL-FEVER.  Aviolent  sickness  occasioned 
by  intemperance.  North. 

BARREN.  (1)  A  hind  not  gravid.  In  Sussex,  a 
barren  cow  or  ewe  is  so  called. 

(2)  A  company  of  mules.    Berners. 

(3)  The  vagina  of  an  animal.   Line. 

(4)  Stupid ;  ignorant.    Shah. 
BARRENER.  A  barren  cow  or  ewe.   South. 
BARREN-IVY.    Creeping  ivy.   Bailey. 
BARREN-SPRINGS.  Springs  impregnated  with 

mineral,  and  considered  injurious  to  the  land. 
BARRESSE.    A  bar;  a  gate.     Cf.  Plumpton 
Correspondence,  p.  142. 

At  the  barresse  he  habade, 
And  bawndonly  downe  lyghte. 

SIS.  Lincoln  A,  i.  17,  f.  131. 

BARRICOAT.    A  child's  coat.    Northumb. 

BARRIE.    Fit;  convenient.    Durham. 

BARRIER.    The  paling  in  a  tournament. 

BARRIERS.  To  fight  at  barriers,  to  fight  within 
lists.  This  kind  of  contest  is  sometimes  called 
simply  barriers.  See  Cunningham's  Revels 
Accounts,  p.  x. ;  Florio,  in  v.  Bagorddre. 

BARRIHAM.    A  horse's  collar.    North. 

BARRIKET.  A  small  firkin.  See  Cot'grave, 
iu  v.  Barrot,  Fittette.  The  term  barrilet 
seems  used  in  the  same  sense.  It  occurs  in 


5  BAR 

Florio,  in  v.  Baritetto,  Botallo  ;  Cotgrave,  in 
v.  Hambour. 

BARRING.     Except.     Var.  did. 

BARRING-OUT.  An  ancient  custom  at  schools, 
said  to  be  still  prevalent  in  some  parts  of  the 
North  of  England,  when  the  boys,  a  few  days 
before  the  holidays,  barricade  the  school-room 
from  the  master,  and  stipulate  for  the  disci- 
pline of  the  next  half  year.  According  to 
Dr.  Johnson,  Addison,  in  1683,  was  the  leader 
in  an  affair  of  this  kind  at  Litchfield. 

BARRO.  A  borough.  "  Bethlem  that  tarro." 
See  the  Chester  Plays,  i.  179. 

BARROW.  (1)  A  hillock;  an  ancient  tumu- 
lus. It  would  appear  from  Lambarde,  Peram- 
bulation of  Kent,  1596,  p.  435,  that  the  term 
in  his  time  was  peculiar  to  the  West  of 
England.  Cf.  Elyot's  Dictionarie,  in  v.  Gru- 
mus,  Tumulus.  Kennett,  MS.  Lansd.  1033, 
gives  it  as  a  Durham  word  for  a  grove. 

(2)  A  child's  flannel  clout.     Somerset. 

(3)  A  way  up  a  hill.   North. 

(4)  At  Nantwich  and  Droitwich,  the  conical 
baskets  wherein  they  put  the  salt  to  let  the 
water  drain  from  it  are  called  barrows.   A 
barrow  contained  about  six  pecks.    Kennett, 
MS.  Lansd.  1033. 

(5)  A  castrated  boar. 

With  brestez  of  barotves  that  bryghte  ware  to  schewe. 
Morte  Arthur*,  JfcfS.  Lincoln  A.  i   17,  f.  55. 

BARRS.    The  upper  parts  of  the  gums  of  a 

horse.   Diet.  Rmt. 

BARRY.  To  thrash  corn.   NortJiumb. 
BARR  YD.      Paled  round,  in  preparation  for  a 
tournament. 

And  sythen  to  the  felde  they  farde, 
The  place  was  bai-ryd  and  dyghte. 

MS.  Cantab.  Ff.  ii.  38,  f.  79. 

BARS.    The  game  of  prisoner's-base. 
Went  he  on  a  day  to  plawe, 
As  children  don  atte  bars. 

Legend  of  Pope  Gregory,  p.  25. 

BARSALE.    The  tune  of  stripping  bark.  East. 
BARSE.  A  perch.    Westmor. 
BARSH.    Shelter.    Kennett. 
BARSLETYS.    Hounds. 

Ther  come  barownce  to  that  "bay  with  larsletys  bolde. 
MS.  Douce  302,  f.  34. 

BARSON.    A  horse's  collar.    Yorksh. 

BARST.  Burst ;  broke.  Lane.  The  word  oc- 
curs in  Robert  of  Gloucester,  and  other  early 
writers. 

BARTE.    To  beat  with  the  fists.     Warw. 

BARTH.  A  shelter  for  cattle.  East.  Ray  and 
Pegge  explain  it,  "  a  warm  place  or  pasture 
for  calves  or  lambs,"  and  add  that  it  is  used 
in  the  South  in  tins  sense.  See  also  Tusser's 
Husbandry,  p.  92.  BartJdess,  houseless,  oc 
curs  in  the  Devonshire  dialect. 

BARTHOLOMEW-PIG.  'Roasted  pigs  were  for- 
merly among  the  chief  attractions  of  Bartho- 
lomew Fair ;  they  were  sold  piping  hot,  in 
booths  and  stalls,  and  ostentatiously  displayed 
to  excite  the  appetite  of  passengers.  Hence 
a  Bartholomew-pig  became  a  common  subject 
of  allusion.  Nares. 

10 


BAS 


146 


BARTHU-DA7.    St.  Bartholomew's  day, 
BARTIZAN.    The  small  overhanging  turrets 
which  project  from  the  angles  on  the  top  of 
a  tower,  or  from  the  parapet  or  other  parts  of 
a  building.     Oocf.  (Moss.  Arch. 
BAKTLE.  (1)  According  to  Kennett,  MS.  Lansd. 
1033,  "  at  nine-pins  or  ten-banes  they  have 
one  larger  bone  set  about  a  yard  before  the 
rest  calTd  the  bartle^  and  to  knock  down  the 
bartle  gives  for  five  in  the  game."     Westmor. 
(2)  St.  Bartholomew.     North. 
BARTON.     The  demesne  lands  of  a  manor ;  the 
manor-house  itself;  and  sometimes,  the  out- 
houses and  yards.    Miege  says  "  a  coop  for 
poultry,"  and  Cooper  translates  cohort,  "  a 
barton  or  place  inclosed  xvherin  all  kinde  of 
pultne  was  kept."    In  the  Unton  Inventories, 
p.  9,  pigs  are  mentioned  as  being  kept  in  a 
barton. 

BARTRAM.    The  pellitory. 
BARTYNIT.    Struck ;  battered.    Gaw.    Sharp, 
in  his  MS.  Warwickshire  glossary,  has  darle, 
to  beat  with  the  fists,  which  may  be  connected 
with  this  term. 

BAKU.    A  gelt  boar.    In  Rob.  Glouc.  p.  207,  a 

gianfc  is  described  as  running  a  spit  through  a 

"  vatte  bam"  for  his  meal. 

BAR-UP.    To  shut  up.    Kennett. 

BARVEL.    A  short  leathern  apron  worn  by 

washerwomen ;  a  slabbering  bib.  Kent. 
BARVOT.  Bare-foot.  Rot.  Glouc. 
BARW.  Protected.  (A.-S.) 
BARWAY.  The  passage  into  a  field  composed 
of  bars  or  rails  made  to  take  out  of  the  posts. 
BARYS.  The  beryl 

Hir  garthis  of  nobulle  silke  the!  were, 
Hir  bcculs  thei  were  of  baiys  stone. 

IK.  Cantab.  Ff.  v.  48. 
BAS.    To  kiss.    SMton, 
BASAM,     The  red  heath  broom.    Devon. 
B ASC  HED .    Abashed ;  put  down. 

Sithe  the  bore  was  beten  and  ba.sdi.ed  nomor, 
But  the  hurt  that  he  had  hele  shuld  thor. 

Roland,  MS.  Lansd,  388,  f.  385. 

BASCLES,  A  kind  of  robbers  or  highwaymen 
so  called.  See  the  Gloss,  to  Langtoft,  and  the 
Chronicle,  p.  242. 

BASCON.    A  kind  of  lace,  consisting  of  five 

bows.    See  Strutt's  Dress  and  Habits,  ii.  r " 

BASCONUS,     A  dish  in  ancient  cookery.     The 

manner  of  making  it  is  described  in  MS.  Sloane 

1201,  f.  68. 

BASE.  (1)  To  sing  or  play  the  6ase  part  in 

music.     JSAafo, 
(2)  Baret  has  "  a  base,  or  prop,  a  shore  or  pyle 

to  underset  with." 
\JB)  Low.    Harrison  speaks  of  the  "  base  "Wence- 

land,"  in  his  Description  of  Britaine,"  p.  74. 
(4)  The  game  of  prisoner's-bars,  a  particular  ac- 
count of  which  is  given  by  Strutt,  p.  73.  See 
also  Cotton's  Works,  1734,  p.  80 ;  Harring- 
ton's Nugas  Antiqizae,  ii.  2  61 .  To  "  bid  a  base/' 
means  to  run  fast,  challenging  another  to 
pursue. 

Doe  but  stand  here,  T'le  run  a  little  course 
At  base,  or  barley-breake,  or  some  such  toye, 

Tragedy  of  HitfTman,  1631. 


(5)  Matting.    East, 

(6)  A  perch.     Cumb. 

(7)  The  drapery  thrown  over  a  horse,  and  some- 
times drawn  tight  over  the  armour  which  he 
wore.     Meyrick. 

(8)  A  small  piece  of  ordnance.   Baessys  are  men- 
tioned  in  the  Arch.  vi.  216.     It  occurs  in 
Galfrido  and  Bernardo,  1570,  and  Arch.  xiii. 
177,  "  boats  shall  be  so  well  appointed  with 
basses,  and  other  shot  besides." 

BASE-BALL.    A  country  game  mentioned  in 

Moor's  Suffolk  Words,  p.  238. 
BASEBROOM.    'The  herb  woodwax.     Florio. 
BASE-COURT.     The  first  or  outer  court  of  a 

castle  or  large  mansion. 

My  lord,  in  the  bast-court  he  doth  attend 

To  speak  with  you ;  may't  please  you  to  como  down  ? 
Richard  H.  iii.3. 

BASE-DANCE.  A  grave,  sober,  and  solemn 
mode  of  dancing,  something,  it  is  probable,  in 
the  minuet  style;  and  so  called,  perhaps,  in 
contradistinction  to  the  vaulting  kind  of  dances, 
in  which  there  was  a  greater  display  of  agility. 
Boucher.  An  old  dance,  called  laselema,  is 
mentioned  in  MS.  Sloane  3501,  f.  2. 

BASEL.  A  coin  abolished  by  Henry  II.  in  1 158, 
Blount's  Glossographia,  p.  78. 

BASELARD.     See  Baslard. 

BASELER.  A  person  who  takes  care  of  neat 
cattle.  North. 

BASEN.    Extended.     Spenser. 

BASE-RING.  The  riag  of  a  cannon  next  be- 
hind the  touch-hole. 

BASES.  Defined  by  Nares  to  be,  "  a  kind  of 
embroidered  mantle  which  hung  down  from  • 
the  middle  to  about  the  knees  or  lower,  worn 
by  knights  on  horseback."  Writers  of  the 
seventeenth  century  seem  occasionally  to  ap- 
ply the  term  to  any  kind  of  skirts,  and  some- 
times even  to  the  hose.  See  Douce's  Illustra- 
tions, ii.  126  ;  Hall,  Henry  VIII.  f.  4 ;  Dyce's 
Remarks,  p.  263 ;  Strutt,  ii.  243. 

BASE-SON.    A  bastard. 

BASE-TABLE.  A  projecting  moulding  or  band 
of  mouldings  near  the  bottom  of  a  wall.  Oaf. 
Gloss.  Arch. 

BASH.  (1)  The  mass  of  the  roots  of  a  tree 
before  they  separate ;  the  front  of  a  bull's  or 
pig's  head,  Herefordsh. 

(2)  To  beat  fruit  down  from  the  trees  with  a 
pole.    Beds. 

(3)  To  be  bashful.    See  an  instance  of  this  verb 
in    Euphues   Golden  Legade,   ap.   Collier's 
Shale.  Lib,  p.  82, 

BASHMENT.    Abashment. 

And  as  I  stode  in  this  bashment,  I  remembred  your 
incomparable  clemencSe,  the  whiche,  as  I  have  my- 
selfe  sometyme  sene,  irtoste  graciously  accepteth  the 
skleader  giftes  of  small  value  which  your  highne* 
perceived  wereoffted  with  great  and  lovinge  affection. 
Cower,  ed.  1554,  ded. 

BASHRONE.    A  kettle.     Taylor. 

BASHY.    Fat;  swollen.    North. 

BASIL.    When  the  edge  of  a  joiner's  tool  is 

ground  away  to  an  angle,  it  is  called  a  basil. 

Kennett,  MS.  Lansd.  1033. 


BAS 


147  BAS 


BAS1LEZ.    A  low  bow.    Decker. 

BASIL-HAMPERS.  A  person  who,  being  short 
of  stature,  takes  short  steps,  and  does  not 
proceed  very  quickly ;  a  girl  whose  clothes  fall 
awkwardly  about  her  feet.  Lino. 

BASILIARD.    A  baslard,  q.  Y.    Stowe. 

BASILICOK.    A  basilisk.     Chaucer. 

BASILINDA.  The  play  called  Questions  and 
Commands  ;  the  choosing  of  King  and  Queen, 
as  on  Twelfth  Night.  Phillips. 

BASILISCO.  A  braggadocia  character  in  an 
old  play  called  "  Soliman  and  Perseda,"  so 
popular  that  his  name  became  proverbial.  See 
Douce's  Illustrations,  i.  401 ;  King  John,  i.  1. 
Florio  has  basilisco,  for  basilisk,  a  species  of 
ordnance,  in  v.  Bavalisso. 

BASILISK.  A  kind  of  cannon,  not  necessarily 
"  small,"  as  stated  in  Middleton's  Works, 
iii.  214,  for  Coryat  mentions  that  he  saw  in 
the  citadel  of  Milan  "  an  exceeding  huge  ba- 
siliske,  which  was  so  great,  that  it  would 
easily  contayne  the  body  of  a  very  corpulent 
man;"  and  Harrison,  in  his  Description  of 
England,  p.  198,  includes  the  basilisk  in  "  the 
names  of  our  greatest  ordinance."  A  minute 
account  of  the  shot  required  for  it  is  contained 
in  the  same  work,  p.  199. 

BASINET.    The  herb  crowfoot. 

BASING.    The  rind  of  cheese.     Staff. 

BASK.     Sharp,  hard,  acid.     Westmor. 

BASKEFYSYKE.  Fututio.  See  a  curious  pas- 
sage in  the  Cokwolds  Daunce,  116. 

BASKET.  An  exclamation  frequently  made  use 
of  in  cockpits,  where  persons,  unable  to  pay 
their  losings,  are  adjudged  to  be  put  into  a 
basket  suspended  over  the  pit,  there  to  re- 
main till  the  sport  is  concluded.  Grose. 
BASKET-SWORD.  A  sword  with  a  hilt  formed 
to  protect  the  hand  from  injury. 

Sword  beare  armes?     Hees  a  base  companion 
Alas,  I  have  knowne  you  beare  a  basfot-sword. 

Worte  for  Cutlers,  1615. 

BASKING.  (1)  A  sound  thrashing.    East. 

(2)  A  drenching  in  a  shower.    East. 

BASLARD.  A  long  dagger,  generally  worn 
suspended  from  the  girdle.  It  was  not  con- 
sidered proper  for  priests  to  wear  this  wea- 
pon, and  a  curious  poem  in  MS.  Greaves  57 
cautions  them  against  doing  so ;  but  still  the 
practice  was  not  uncommon,  as  appears  from 
Audelay's  Poems,  p.  16.  Hall,  Henry  VI. 
f.  101,  mentions  "  a  southerne  byl  to  conter- 
vayle  a  northren  ftaslard"  so  that  perhaps  in 
his  time  the  weapon  was  more  generally  used 
in  the  North  of  England.  In  1403  it  was 
ordained  that  no  person  should  use  a  baslard, 
decorated  with  silver,  unless  he  be  possessed 
of  the  yearly  income  of  20 1.  It  is  spelt 
fiaselred  in  some  of  the  old  dictionaries. 

BASNET.  (1)  A  cap.    SMton. 

(2)  Same  as  bassenet,  q.  v. 

BASON,    A  badger.     C&tgrave, 

JBASONING-FURNACE.  A  furnace  used  in 
the  manufacture  of  hats.  Holme. 

BASS.  (1)  A  kind  of  perch. 


To  kiss.     More. 

A  church  hassock.  North.  According  to 
Kennett,  the  term  is  also  applied  to  "  a  collar 
for  cart-horses  made  of  flags."  In  Cumber- 
land  the  word  is  applied  generally  to  dried 
rushes. 

(4    The  inner  rind  of  a  tree.    North. 
5    A  slaty  piece  of  coal    Salop. 
(6    A  twopenny  loaf.     North. 
(7    A  thing  to  wind  about  grafted  trees  before 

they  be  clayed,  and  after.    Holme. 
BASS  A.     A  bashaw.    Marlowe.    We  have  tas- 
sado  in  the  Archseologia,  xxviii.  104;  and 
bassate,  Hall,  Henry  VIII.  f.  192. 
BASSAM.     Heath.    Devon. 
BASSCHE.    To  be  ashamed.     Cf.  Sharp's  Cov. 
Myst.  p.  103 ;  Morte  Arthure,  MS.  Lincoln  A. 
i.  17,  f.  75. 

BASSE.  (1)  A  kiss.  Also  a  verb,  as  in  Anc. 
Poet.  Tracts,  p.  26. 

Then  of  my  mouth  come  take  a  baste, 
Fore  Oder  goodes  have  I  none. 

MS.  Rawl.  C.  258. 

(2)  A  hollow  place,    Hollyland. 

(3)  Apparently  a  term  for  "  the  elder'  swine." 
See  Topsail's  Foure  Footed  Beasts,  p.  661. 

(4)  To  be  ornamented  with  bases,  q.  v.     Hall, 
Henry  VIII.  f.  50,  mentions  "  howe  the  Duke 
of  Burbones  bende  was  apparelled  and  Massed 
in  tawny  velvet." 

BASSELL.  "  Bassell  lether"  is  mentioned  in 
the  Brit.  Bibl.  ii.  399. 

BASSE  NET.  A  light  helmet  worn  sometimes 
with  a  moveable  front.  They  were  often 
very  magnificently  adorned.  Cf.  Strutt,  ii. 
60 ;  Brit.  Bibl.  i.  146 ;  Percy's  Reliques,  p.  3 , 
Kyng  Alisaunder,  2234 ;  Hall,  Henry  VIII. 
f.  235. 

Hys  ventayle  and  hys  basenett, 
Hys  helme  on  hys  hedd  sett. 

218.  Cantab.  Ff.  ii.  38>  f.  88. 
On  his  bacenett  thay  belt, 
Thay  bryssed  it  in  twa. 

M S.  Lincoln  A.  i.  17,  f.  137. 

BASSET.  (1)  An  earth-dog.    Markham. 

(2)  A  mineral  term  where  the  strata  rise  upwards. 
Derbysh.  The  direction  is  termed  lasset-end, 
or  lasseting,  as  Kennett  has  it,  MS.'  Lansd. 
1033. 

BA.SSETT.  A  game  at  cards,  said  to  have  been 
invented  at  Venice.  It  was  a  fashionable  game 
here  in  the  latter  part  of  the  seventeenth  cen- 
tury. Bedford,  Evil  and  Danger  of  Stage 
Plays,  1706,  p.  127,  mentions  a  drama  on  the 
subject. 

BASSEYNYS.    Basons.    Tundale,  p.  54. 

BASSINATE.  A  kind  of  fish,  « like  unto  men 
in  shape,"  mentioned  in  Holinshed,  Hist. 
Scotland,  p.  139*  See  also  Jamieson,  supp. 
in  v.  Bassinat. 

BASSING.     Kissing.    Barct. 

BASSOCK,    A  hassock.    Bailey. 

BAST.  (1)  Matting;  straw.  North.  "Baste 
or  straw  hattes"  are  mentioned  in  the  Rates, 
1545,  Brit.  Bibl.  ii.  399.  Cf.  Harrison's 
Description  of  Britaine,  p.  3, 


BAS 


148 


BAT 


(2)  Boast. 

Sir  GU  seyd,  than  thou  it  hast 
Than  make  therof  thi  bast. 

Gy  of  Warwikc,  p.  355. 

C3)  A.  bastard.    See  Ellis's  Met.  Rom.,  ed.  1811, 
*  i.  301  -,  Rob.  Glouc.  p.  425  ;  Utterson's  Pop. 
Poet  ii.  67. 

(4)  Assured. 

(5)  To  pack  up.     North. 

BASTA.  Properly  an  Italian  word,  signifying 
it  is  enough,  or  let  it  suffice,  "but  not  uncommon 
in  the  works  of  our  ancient  dramatists. 
Nares. 

BASTARD.  (1)  A  kind  of  sweet  Spanish  wine, 
of  which  there  were  two  sorts,  white  and 
brown.  Ritson  calls  it  a  wine  of  Corsica.  It 
approached  the  muscadel  wine  in  flavour,  and 
was  perhaps  made  from  a  bastard  species  of 
muscadine  grape;  hut  the  term,  in  more 
ancient  times,  seems  to  have  "been  applied  to 
all  mixed  and  sweetened  wines.  See  Beau- 
mont and  Fletcher,  ii.  427 ;  Robin  Goodfellow, 
p.  7;  Harrison's  Desc.  of  England,  p.  222; 
Squyr  of  Lowe  Degre,  757 ;  Ordinances  and 
Regulations,  p.  473. 

(2) "  Basterd  wier"  is  mentioned  in  Cunningham's 
Revels'  Account,  p.  180.  The  term  was  ap- 
plied to  different  kinds  of  several  articles. 
Bastard  cloths,  Strutt,  ii.  94 ;  Bastard  sword, 
Harrison's  Description  of  Britaine,  p.  2. 

(3)  A  gelding.    Pegye. 

(4)  To  render  illegitimate.     Hall  has  this  verh, 
Richard  IIL  f.  32.    The  term  bastard  is  still 
a  term  of  reproach  for  a  worthless  or  mis- 
chievous hoy. 

BASTAT.    A  bat.     North. 
BASTE.  (1)  To  mark  sheep.    North. 

(2)  To  sew  slightly. 

(3)  A  blow.    North.     Also   a  verh,  to  heat. 
Strutt  mentions  a  game  called  Baste  the  Bear, 
p.  387. 

(4)  Bastardy. 

This  man  was  sonne  to  Jhon  of  Gaunte,  Duke  of 
Lancaster,  discended  on  an  honorable  lignage,  but 
borne  in  baste,  more  noble  of  bloud  then  notable  in 
learnyng— H..JZ,  Henry  VI.  f.70. 

(5)  A  rope.  (A.S.) 

Eot  56  salle  take  a  stalworthe  taite> 
And  byude  my  handes  byhynd  me  faste. 

MS.  Lincoln  A.  i.  17,  f.  127. 

BASTELER.  A  person  who  bastes  meat.  In 
the  accounts  of  the  churchwardens  of  Hey- 
bridge,  1532,  is  the  following  entry :  "  Item 
to  the  basteler,  4d." 

BASTEL-ROYES.  Turreted  or  castellated  roofs. 
So  explained  in  Glossary  to  Syr  Gawayne,  in 
v.  See,  however,  Boucher,  in  v.  Bastelle. 

BASTER.    A  heavy  blow.     North. 

BASTERLY-GULLION.  A  bastard's  bastard. 
Lane.  [Fr.  Couillon.] 

BASTIAN.     St.  Sebastian. 

BASTICK.     A  basket.     West, 

BASTILE.  A  temporary  wooden,  tower,  used 
formerly  in  military  and  naval  warfare.  Some- 
times the  term  is  applied  to  any  tower  or  for- 
tification. 


They  hadde  also  toures  of  tymber  goyng  on  wheles, 
that  we  clepen  bastiles,  otsomer  castell. 

Vegedusf  MS.  Douce  291,  f.  48. 
He  gerte  make  a  grete  bastelle  of  tree,  and  sett  it 
apone  schippes  in  the  see,  evene  forgaynes  the  cete. 
so  that  ther  myghte  no  schippez  come  nere  the  ha,- 
vene.  MS.  Lincoln  A.  i.  17,  f.  &. 

And  in  thi  Pastel  fulle  of  blisfulnesse, 
In  luati  age  than  schalle  the  wel  betide. 

Boetius,  MS.  Soc.  Antiq.  134,  f.  294. 

BASTING.  Bourne,  in  his  Inventions  or  De- 
vises, 1578,  speaking  of  "  ordinance  of  leade," 
mentions  u  the  basting  thereof,  that  is  to  say, 
to  put  in  the  more  substance  of  the  met- 
tall." 

BASTON.  (1)  A  cudgel.  (A-N.) 

(2)  A  peculiar  species  of  verse  so  called.   A  spe- 
cimen of  it  is  printed  in  the  Reliq.  Antiq.  ii. 
174.    See  also  the  same  work,  ii.  8  ;  Langtoft, 
pref.  p.  99. 

(3)  A  servant  of  the  Warden  of  the  Fleet,  whose 
duty  it  is  to  attend  the  king's  courts,  with  a 
red  staff,  for  the  purpose  of  taking  into  cus- 
tody such  persons  as  were  committed  by  the 
court. 

(4)  A  kind  of  lace,  the  manufacture  of  which  is 
detailed  in  MS.  Harl.  2320,  quoted  by  Steven- 
son.   See  Bascon. 

BASTONE.    A  bastinado.    Marlowe. 
BAT.  (1)  A  stick;  a  club  ;  a  cudgel.  North.  lu 
Herefordshire  a  wooden  tool  used  for  breaking 
clods   of  earth  is  so   called.     See  Malone's 
Shakespeare,  x.  237;  Utterson's  Pop.  Poet, 
i.  110;  Kyng  Alisaunder,  78,  5832  f  Percy's 
Reliques,  p.  '254 ;  Thynne's  Debate,  p.  75. 
Henemeth  is  bat  and  forth  a  goth, 
S  withe  sori  and  wel  wroth. 

Beves  of  Hamtoun,  p.  17. 

(2)  A  blow;  a  stroke.    North.    Sometimes  a 
verb,  to  strike  or  beat ;  to  beat  cotton. 

That  xal  be  asayd  be  this  batte  1 
What,  thou  Jhesus  ?  ho  zaff  the  that  ? 

Coventry  Mysteries,  p.  296. 

(3)  Debate.     Cov.  Myst. 

(4)  To  wink.     Derbysk. 

(5)  The  straw  of  two  wheat  sheaves  tied  to- 
gether.    Yorfah. 

(6)  State  ;  condition.     North. 

(7)  Speed.    Lino. 

(8)  A  leaping-post.    Somerset. 

(9)  A  low-laced  boot.     Somerset. 

(10)  The  root  end  of  a  tree  after  it  has  been 
thrown.     Somerset. 

11)  A  spade  at  cards.    Somerset. 

12)  At  Wednesbury,  in  Staffordshire,  the  last 
parting  that  lies  between  the  upper  and  the 
nether  coal  is  called  a  bat.  Kennett,  MS.  Lansd. 
1033. 

BATABLE.  (1)  Fertile  in  nutrition,  applied  to 
land.  Harrison  frequently  uses  the  word,  De- 
scription of  England,  pp.  37,  40,  109,  223. 

(2)  Certain  land  between  England  and  Scot- 
land was  formerly  called  the  datable  ground, 
"  landes  dependyng  in  variance  betwene  the 
realmes."  See  Hall,  Edward  IV.  f.  56. 

BATAILED.  Embattled.  (A.-N.)  See  Rom,  of 
the  Rose,  4162. 


BAT 


149 


BAT 


I  se  caste's,  I  se  eke  high  towres, 
\Val!es  of  stone  crestyd  and  bataylled. 

MS.  Cantab.  Ff.  i.  6,  f.  13. 
BATAILOUS.     Ready  for  battle.     Chaucer. 
BAT  AILS.     Provisions. 
BATAIWYNG.    Embattling.    This  form  occurs 

in  the  Forme  of  Cury,  p.  85. 
BATALE.     To  join  in  battle. 
BATALLE.     An  army. 

Than  thir  twa.batalles  mett  samene,  and  faughte 
togedir,  and  thare  was  Sampsone  slaene. 

JUS.  Lincoln  A.  i.  17,  f.  5. 
BATAND.     Going  hastily.     Lanytoft. 
BAT  ANT.   The  piece  of  wood  that  runs  all  along 
upon  the  edge  of  a  lockside  of  a  door,  gate,  or 
window.     Cotgrave. 

BATARDIER.     A  nursery  for  trees.    (Fr.) 
BATAUNTLICHE.  Hastily.  (^.-JV.)    See  Piers 

Ploughman,  p.  286. 
BATAYLYNGE.    A  battlement. 

How  this  temple  with  his  wallis  wyde, 
With  his  creates  and  bataylynge  ryalle. 

Lydgate,  MS.  Soc.  Antiq,  134,  f.  15, 

BATCH.  (1)  Properly  a  quantity  of  bread  baked 

at  once,  but  generally  applied  to  a  bout  or  lot 

of  anything.    It  also  implies  the  whole  of  the 

wheat  flour  which  is  used  for  making  common 

household  bread,  after  the  bran  alone  has  been 

separated  from  it.    Coarse  flour  is  sometimes 

•    called  batch  flour. 

(2)  A  land  of  hound.     North. 

(3)  An  open  space  by  the  road-side ;  a  sand- 
bank, or  patch  of  ground  lying  near  a  river ; 
a  mound.     West. 

BATE.  (1)  Contention,-  debate;  conflict.  Cf. 
Chron.  Vilodun.  p.  83;  Boke'of  Curtasye,  p.  8  ; 
Acolastus,  1540 ;  2  Hen.  IV.  ii.  4. 

(2)  To  abate ;  to  diminish.     North. 

Whereof  his  lust e  began  to  bate, 
And  that  was  love  is  thanne  hate. 

(Sower,  MS.  Soc.  Antiq.  134,  f.66. 
Hys  cov/ntynancc  dyde  he  never  bate, 
But  kept  hym  sty  He  in  on  state. 

Archtrologia,  xxl.  74. 

(3)  To  flutter,  a  term  generally  applied  to  hawks. 
See  Depos.  Ric.  II.  p.  13 ;  Brit.  Bibl.  ii.  345  ; 
Cotgrave,  in  v.  Debatis;  Holinshed,  Hist.  Ire- 
land, p.  21. 

(4)  Bit.     (^.-5.) 

Thare  was  na  qwike  thyngez  that  they  bate  that 
ne  also  sone  it  dyed,  bot  harme  did  thay  nane  to  the 
oste.  MS.  Lincoln  A.  i.  17,  f.  28. 

'5)  Lower? 

To  a  towno  thei  toke  the  gate, 
Men  clepe  hit  Betany  the  bate. 

MS.  Cantab.  Ff.  v.  48,  f.  15. 

(6)  Without ;  except,     lane. 

(7)  In  Craven,  when  the  fibres  of  wood  are 
twisted  and  crooked,  they  are  said  to  be  cross- 
bated. 

(8)  To  go  with  rapidity.   Also,  to  fall  suddenly, 
"  lete  his  buiiyche  blonke  baite  on  the  flores." 
MS.  Morte  Arthure,  f.  81. 

(9)  A  boat.     (^.-£) 

Ther  men  vy  tayled  by  bate 
That  castel  with  eornes.     Sir  Degrevant,  919. 
(10")  The  old  proverb,  "  late  me  an  ace,  quoth 
Bolton  "  implies  an  alleged  assertion  is  too 


strong,  or,  sometimes,  according  to  Nares, 
"  excuse  me  there."  See  Sir  Thomas  More, 
p.  18  ;  Steevens'  Old  Plays,  i.  45. 

A  pamphlet  was  of  proverbs  pen'd  by  Polton, 
Wherein  he  thought  all  sorts  included  were  ; 

Untill  one  told  him,  Bate  tri  an  ace,  qnuth  Bolton. 
Indeed,  said  he,  that  proverbe  is  not  there. 

The  Masdve,  quoted  by  Warps. 

(11)  Did  beat.     Spenser. 

BATE-BREEDING.    Apt  to  cause  strife.  Shak. 

BATED.  A  fish,  when  plump  and  full-rowed,  is 
said  to  be  well  bated.  Sussex. 

BATELLE.     A  little  boat.    Langtoffc,  p.  241 

BATE-MAKER.    A  causer  of  strife. 

BATEMENT.  That  part  of  wood  which  is  cut 
off  by  a  carpenter  to  make  it  fit  for  his  purpose. 
Var.  dial. 

BATEMENT-LIGHTS.  The  upper  openings 
between  the  mullions  of  a  window. 

BATER.  Stanihurst,  Description  of  Ireland, 
p.  11,  says,  "  As  for  the  word  better,  that  in 
English  purporteth  a  lane  bearing  to  an  high 
waie,  I  take  it  for  a  meere  Irish  word  that 
crept  unwares  into  the  English,  through  the 
daiiie  intercourse  of  the  English  and  Irish  in- 
habitants." 

BATEYLED.    Embattled. 

A  hundreth  tyretes  he  saw  full  stout, 

So  godly  thei  wer  bateyled  aboute.    MS.  dshmole  01. 

BATFOWLING.  A  method  of  taking  birds  in 
the  night-time,  fully  described  in  the  Diet. 
Rust,  in  v.  See  Tempest,  ii.  1 ;  Cotgrave,  in 
v.  Bretler;  Harrison's  Description  of  England, 
p.  240 ;  Blome's  Gent.  Rec.  ii.  143. 

BATFUL.     Fruitful.     Drayton. 

BATH.  (1)  Both.    North. 

(2)  A  sow.     Herefordsh. 

(3)  To  dry  any  ointment  or  liquid  into  the  skin. 
Kennetfs  MS.  Gloss. 

BATHER.  (1)  To  scratch  and  rub  in  the  dust, 
as  birds  do.  Warw. 

(2)  Of  both.  (A*-S.)  Gen.pl. 

And  one  a  day  thlr  twa  kynges  with  thaire  bather 
ostes  mett  togedir  apone  a  faire  felde,  and  faughte 
togedir  wonder  egerly.  MS.  Lincoln  A.  1. 17,  f.  16. 

The  sevend  sacrament  es  matrymoyne,  that  es? 
lawefulle  festyonynge  betwyx  manne  and  womane  at 
thaire  bathere  assente.  Ibid.  f.  21(j, 

BATHING.     See  Beating. 

BATHING-TUB.  A  kind  of  bath,  formerly  used 
by  persons  afflicted  with  a  certain  disease. 
Ben  Jonson  mentions  it  in  Cynthia's  Revels, 
ii.  254. 

BATIGE.     A  pearl. 

BATILBABY.  A  certain  office  in  forests,  men- 
tionedin  MS.  Harl.  433,  quoted  in  Stevenson's 
additions  to  Boucher. 

BATILLAGE.    Boat  like. 

BATING.    Breeding.     North. 

BAT-IN-\YATER.    Water  mint. 

BATLER.  The  instrument  with  which  washers 
beat  their  coarse  clothes.  Often  spelt  ballot. 
See  Collier's  Shakespeare,  iii.  34.  It  is  also 
called  a  bailing-staff,  or  a  bat "staff \  and  some- 
times a  latting-staff,  as  in  Cotgrave,  in  v.  Ba- 
cule.  Mr.  Hartshorae  gives  battleton  as  taa 
Shropshire  form  of  the  same  word, 


BAT 


150 


13  A  U 


BATLING.  A  kind  of  fish.  See  a  curious  enu- 
meration in  Brit.  Bibl.  ii.  490. 

BATLINS.  Loppings  of  trees,  tied  up  into  fag- 
gots. Suffolk. 

BATNER.   An  ox.   Ask. 

BATOLLIT.    Embattled. 

BATOON.  A  cudgel.  Shirley.  In  the  Wan- 
dering Jew,  1640,  a  roarer  is  called  a  lattoon 
gallant. 

BATOUR.     Batter.     Warner. 

BATS.  (1)  The  short  furrows  of  an  irregularly- 
shaped  field.  South. 

(2)  Cricket.    Devon. 

(3)  A  beating.     JorJcsh. 
BAT-SWAIN.    A  sailor.     (A.-S.) 
BATT.  (1)  To  beat  gently.    Salop. 

(2)  To  wink  or  move  the  eyelids  up  and  down, 

Cfiesh. 
BATTEN.  (1)  To  thrive;  to  grow  fat.    North. 

This  word  occurs  in  Shakespeare,  Marlowe, 

and  other  early  writers. 

(2)  A  rail  from  three  to  six  inches  in  breadth, 
one  or  more  in  thickness,  and  of  indefinite 
length.     A  fence  made  of  these  is  called  a 
batten-fence. 

(3)  To  batten  in  dung,  is  to  lie  upon  it  and  beat 
it  close  together.    Kennetfs  MS.  Glossary. 

(4)  The  straw  of  two  sheaves  folded  together. 
North.   A  thatcher's  tool  for  beating  down 
thatch  is  called  a  batten-board. 

BATTER.  (1)  An  abatement.  A  wall  which 
diminishes  upwards  is  said  to  batter. 

(2)  Dirt.    North. 

(3)  To  fight  one's  way.    Midland  C. 

(4)  To  wear  out.    South.    A  horse  with  tender 
feet  is  said  to  be  battered. 

BATTERO.  A  bat ;  a  stick.  This  word  occurs 
in  one  of  the  quarto  editions  of  King  Lear, 
1608,  iv.  6,  in  the  place  of  bat  in  another 
quarto,  and  hallow  in  the  folio.  See  Collier's 
Shakespeare,  vii.  465.  Kersey  explains  lat- 
tery, "  a  violent  beating  or  striking  of  any 
person." 

BATTID.  Covered  with  strips  of  wood,  as  walls 
are  previously  to  their  being  plastered. 

BATTING-STOCK.   A  beating  stock.   Kennett. 

BATTLE.  (1)  To  dry  in  ointment  or  moisture 
upon  the  flesh  by  rubbing  and  putting  that 
part  of  the  body  by  the  fire.  Kennett's  MS. 
Glossary. 

(2)  Fruitful,  fertile,  applied  to  land.    Also  to 
render  ground  fertile  by  preparation.    In  the 
index  to  Markham's  Countrey  Fame,  1616, 
is  u  to  battle  ground,  and  with  what  manner 
of  dung."   The  term  is  occasionally  applied  to 
the  fattening  of  animals.  "  Battleage  of  wheat" 
is  mentioned  in  the  Ordinances  and  Regu- 
lations, p.  195. 

(3)  A  word  peculiar  to  Oxford  for  taking  provi- 
sions from  the  buttery,  &c. 

(4)  To  bespatter  with  mud.    Northampt. 
BATTLED.   Embattled.   Arch.  v.  431. 
BATTLEDORE.   According  to  Miege,  this  was 

formerly  a  term  for  a  hornbook,  and  hence 
no  doubt  arose  the  phrase  to  "know  A,  B. 
from  a  battledore."  Seep.  128. 


BATTLEDORE -BARLEY.  A  kind  of  barley 
mentioned  by  Aubrey,  MS.  Hist.  Wilts,  p.  304 
and  said  by  him  to  be  so  called  "  from  the 
flatness  of  the  ear." 

BATTLEMENT.  A  notched  or  indented  parapet 
originally  used  only  on  fortifications,  but  after- 
wards employed  on  ecclesiastical  and  other 
edifices.  Oxf.  Gloss.  Arch. 

BATTLER.  (1)  A  small  bat  to  play  at  ball  with. 
See  Howell,  sect,  xxviii. 

(2)  An  Oxford  student.  See  Middleton's  Works, 
v.  544.  The  term  is  used  in  contradistinction 
to  gentleman  commoner. 

BATTLE-ROYAL.  A  fight  between  several 
cocks,  where  the  one  that  stands  longest  is 
the  victor.  The  term  is  often  more  generally 
applied, 

BATTLE-TWIG.    An  earwig.   North. 

BATTLING.    See  Battlement.- 

BATTLING- STONE.  A  large  smooth-faced 
stone,  set  in  a  sloping  position  by  the  side  of 
a  stream,  on  which  washerwomen  beat  their 
linen  to  clean  it.  North. 

BATTOM.  A  board,  generally  of  narrow  dimen- 
sions, but  the  full  breadth  of  the  tree  it  is 
sawn  from.  North. 

BATTRIL.  A  bathing-staff.  Lane. 

BATTRY.  (1)  A  tea-kettle.   Suffolk. 

(2)  In  the  Rates  of  the  Custome  House,  1545, 
mention  is  made  of  "  battry  the  c.  pounde." 
See  the  Brit.  Bibl.  ii.  399. 

BATTS.  (1)  Low  flat  grounds  adjoining  rivers, 
and  sometimes  islands  in  rivers.  North. 

(2)  Short  ridges.   /.  Wight. 

BATURD.    Battered. 

And  toke  hys  staffe  grete  and  longe, 
And  on  the  hed  he  hym  baturd. 

MS.  Cantab.  Ff.  ii.  38,  f.  24G. 

BATYLDOURE.  A  beetle  or  wooden  bat  used 
in  washing  and  beating  clothes.  Prompt. 
Parv. 

BATYN.     To  make  debate.    Prompt.  Parv. 

BAUBEE.  A  copper  coin,  of  about  the  value 
of  a  halfpenny.  The  halfpenny  itself  is  some- 
times so  called. 

BAUBERY.    A  squabble ;  a  brawl.     Var.  dial 

BAUBLE.  A  fool's  laulle  was  a  short  stick, 
with  a  head  ornamented  with  asses  ears,  fan- 
tastically carved  upon  it.  An  old  proverb 
says,  "  if  every  fool  should  wear  a  bauble, 
fewel  would  be  dear."  See  also  Balulle. 

BAUBYN.    A  baboon. 

BAUD.  (1)  This  word  was  formerly  applied  in 
a  very  general  sense.  A  procurer,  procuress, 
a  keeper  of  a  brothel,  or  any  one  employed  in 
bad  services  in  this  line,  whether  male  or  fe- 
male, was  called  a  Mud.  Verstegan,  Resti- 
tution, ed.  1634,  p.  333,  calls  it  a  name 
"  now  given  in  our  language  to  such  as 
are  the  makers  or  furtherers  of  dishonest 
matches."  This  definition  was  in  use  earlier, 
as  appears  from  a  curious  passage  in  the 
Gesta  Romanorum,  p.  432.  See  also  the  cha- 
racter of  bawde  phmoke  in  the  Fraternitye  of 
Vacabondes,  1575. 

(2)  A  badger.    Blome. 


BAY 


151 


BAW 


(3)  Bold.    Percy. 
BAUDE,    Joyous.     (A.-N.) 
BAUDE  RIE.     Pimping.     Chaucer. 
BAUD  KIN.     A  rich   and  precious  species  of 
stuff,  introduced  into  England  in  the  thir- 
teenth century.    It  is  said  to  have  been  com- 
posed of  silk,  interwoven  with  threads  of  gold 
in  a  most  sumptuous  manner.     Notices  of  it 
are  very  common.     We  may  refer  to  Kyng 
Alisaunder,  202,  759 ;  Richard  Goer  de  Lion, 
2778,  3349;  Sevyn  Sages,  2744;  Dugdale's 
Monast.  iii.  325  ;*ElhYs  Met.  Rom.  iii.  287  ; 
Strutt,  ii.  6 ;  Planche,  p.  93 ;  Gy  of  Warwike, 
p.  421 ;  Test.  Vetust.  p.  228.    According  to 
Douce,  "  it  means  tissue  of  gold,  and  some- 
times a  canopy,  probably  from  being  orna- 
mented with  the  tissue." 
BAUDRICK.  See  Baldrick.  The  word  is  some- 
times spelt  bawdry^  as  in  Kyng  Alisaunder, 
4698. 

BAUDRY.    Bad  language.     Skelton. 
BAUDS.    Fine  clothes?     Toons. 
BAUD Y.   Dirty.  (A.-N.)  See  Skelton's  Works, 
ii.  161;    Chaucer,   Cant.   T.    16103;    Piers 
Ploughman,  p.  88 ;  Morte  d'Arthur,  i.  192, 
196 ;  Palsgrave,  adj.  f.  83  ;  Ashmole's  Theat. 
Chem.  Brit.  p.  190. 

BAUDY-BASKET.     A  cant  term  for  a  bad 
woman,  mentioned  in  Harrison's  Description 
of  England,  p.  184.    Dr.  Bliss  defines  it  "  a 
woman  who  cohabits  with  an  upright  man, 
and  professes  to  sell  thread,  &c."   See  Earle's 
Microcosmography,  notes,  p.  249 ;  Holme's 
Academy  of  Armory,  iii.  167. 
BAUFFE.     To  belch.     Coles. 
BAUFREY.    A  beam.    SMnner. 
BAUGER.     Barbarous ;  bad.     Bale, 
BAUGH.    A  pudding  made  with  milk  and  flour 

only.     Chesh. 

BAUGHLING.    Wrangling.     Cumb. 
BAULCHIN.    An  unfledged  bird.     TTarw. 
BAULK.    To  overlook  or  pass  by  a  hare  in  her 

form  without  seeing  her.     Var.  dial. 
BAULKY.     A  term  applied  to  earths  when  it 

digs  up  in  clots.     North. 
BAULMEMINT.    Water  mint.    Florio. 
BAUN-COCK.     A  game  cock.     Durham. 
BAUNSEY.    A  badger.    Prompt.  Pan. 
RAURGHWAN.    A  horse-collar.     Yorksh. 
BAUSE.     To  kiss.    Mars  f  on. 
BAUSON.  (1)  A  badger.   In  the  Prompt.  Parv, 
p.  27,  we  have  the  forms  bawstorte,  bawsone, 
and  bauston.     See  also   Brit.  Bibl.  i,  20 ; 
Percy's  Reliques,  p.  80 ;  Cotgrave,  in  v.  Gri- 
sard,  spelt  louson. 
(2)  Swelled ;  pendant.     Salop. 
BAUTERT.     Encrusted  with  dirt.    North. 
BAUTTE.    This  "word  occurs  in  an  early  poem 
printed  in  Todd's  Illustrations,  p.  264.    I  sus- 
pect a  misreading  of  the  MS.  for  "  in  vaniteV1 
BAUX-HOUND.    A  kind  of  hunting  dog,  men- 
tioned  in  Holme's  Academy  of  Armory,  p.  184, 
BAYEN.    (1)   A  brush  faggot,  properly  bound 
with  only  one  withe.     Var.  dial.    A  faggot  is 
.   bound  with  two.    This  distinction  seems  al- 


luded to  in  Dr.  Dee's  Diary,  p.  38.     See  als 
Euphues  Golden  Legacie,  ap.  Collier,  p.  11. 

'2)  A  cake,  Howett. 

3  AYE  RE.     Bavaria.     Mnot. 

3AYIAN.  A  baboon,  or  monkey ;  an  occasional, 
but  not  a  regular  character  in  the  old  Moms 
dance.  He  appears  in  the  Two  Noble  Kins- 
men, where  his  office  is  to  bark,  to  tumble,  to 
play  antics,  and  exhibit  a  long  tail  with  what 
decency  he  could.  Nares. 

BAVIER.  The  beaver  of  a  helmet.  See  Mey- 
rick,  ii.  257  ;  Hall,  Henry  IV.  f.  12  ;  Excerpt. 
Hist.  p.  208;  Planche,  p.  159. 

3  AY  IN.    Impure  limestone. 

BAYISENESSE.     Mockery.     (A.-N.) 

BAYISH.    To  drive  away.    East. 

BAW.  (1)  An  interjection  of  contempt.  See 
Piers  Ploughman,  pp.  210,  419.  In  the  East 
of  England,  boys  and  girls  are  addressed  as 
baws. 

(2)  Alvum  levare.    Lane. 
A  ball.    North. 

(4)  A  dumpling.     Lane. 

(5)  To  bark.     Topsell 
BAWATY,     Lindsey-wolsey.    North. 
BAWCOCK.     A  burlesque  term  of  endearment. 

Shak. 

BAWD.  (1)  The  outer  covering  of  a  walnut. 
Somerset. 

(2)  Bawled.     Yorksh. 

(3)  A  hare.    A  Scottish  term  for  this  animal, 
according  to  Jamieson,  and  apparently  em- 
ployed by  Shakespeare,  Romeo  and  Juliet, ii.  4. 

BAA^  DER.     To  scold  grumblingly.    Suffolk. 
BAWDERIKWARD.     Next  to  the  belt. 

And  also  that  it  be  as  gret  and  holow  dryveii  as 
hit  may  to  the  lengthe,  and  that  it  be  shortere  at 
the  syde  to  the  bawdcrilctcard  than  at  the  nether 
syde.  MS.  Bodl.  546. 

BAWE.  (1)  The  bow  of  a  saddle  ?     Gate. 

(2)  A  species  of  worm  formerly  used  as  a  bait 
for  fishing.  Stevenson. 

BAWEL.  Bawels  are  mentioned  by  the  ton  and 
the  thousand  in  the  Rates  of  the  Custome 
House,  1545,  in  Brit.  Bibl.  ii.  398. 

B AWE-LINE.  The  bowling  of  a  sail ;  that  rope 
which  is  fastened  to  the  middle  part  of  the 
outside  of  a  sail.  Sfevenson. 

BAWER.    A  maker  of  balls.    Staffard&h. 

BAWKER.  A  kind  of  sand-stone  used  for  whet- 
ting scythes.  Somerset. 

BAWKS.     A  hay-loft.     Cumb. 

BAWL.  Hounds,  when  too  busy  before  they 
find  the  scent,  are  said  to  bawl.  Blome. 

BAWLIN.    Big;  large.     Coles. 

BAWMAN.    A  bowman ;  an  archer.     Gaw. 

BAWME.  (1)  Balm.  Also  a  verb,  to  embalm, 
in  which  sense  it  occurs  in  the  Lincoln  MS.  ol 
Morte  Arthure;  Malory,  i.  179.  "  Bawme 
glasses"  are  mentioned  in  Brit.  Bijil.  ii.  399, 
which  may  refer  to  the  place,  of  their  manu- 
facture. 

(2)  To  address ;  to  adorn.    North. 

BAWMYN.    Balsam.    Prompt.  Parv. 

BAWN.  (1)  Any  kind  of  edifice.  See  Richard 
son,  in  v. 


BAY 


152 


BAY 


(2)  Ready;  going.  North. 
BAWND.  Swollen.  East. 
BAWNDONLY.  Cheerfully.  (A.-NJ  Seethe 

example  quoted  under  barresse. 
1UWRELL.    A  kind  of  hawk.   Phillips.    The 

male  biid  was  called  the  bawret.  See  Blome's 

Gent.  Rec.  ii.  28. 
BAWSE.  To  scream.   Skinner.   Supposed  to  be 

a  form  of  bay. 
BAWSEN.    Burst.    Derlysh.     Bawsen-ballid, 

ruptured. 
BAWSHERE.    Supposed  to  he  a  corruption  of 

leau-sirc.  See  the  Towneley  Mysteries,  p.  69. 
BAWSIN.  (1)  An  imperious  noisy  fellow.  North. 

(2)  Great;   large;  unwieldy;  swelled.    Chest. 
Ben  Jonson,  vi.  278,  has  the  word  in  this 
sense.    See  also  Urry's  Chaucer,  p.  558. 

(3)  A  badger.     See  Ellis's  Met.  Rom.  ii,  358, 
wrongly  explained  by  the  editor. 

BAWSONT.    Having  a  white  stripe  down  the 

face,  applied  to  an  animal  North. 
BAWSTONE.   A  badger.  Prompt.  Parv. 
BAWT.  (1)  Without.  Yorfah. 
(2)  To  roar ;  to  cry.    North. 
BAWTERE.   Some  hird  of  prey,  mentioned  hy 

Berners. 
B  AWY.   A  hoy.  This  unusual  form  occurs  in  the 

Frere  and  the  Boy,  st.  xv. 
BAXTER.  (1)  A  baker.   North. 

The  baxtcre  mette  another, 

Nas  hit  noujt  so  god.  MS.  JB<xiZ.652,  f.  5. 

(2)  An  Implement  used  for  baling  cakes  upon, 

common  in  old  houses.    North. 
BAY.  (1)  A  berry.   Prompt.  Parv. 

Tak  the  bayes  of  yvene,  and  stamp  thame  wele, 
and  temper  thame  with  whit  wyne,  aud  drynk 
therof  fastande  ilk  a  day  a  porcione, 

MS.  Lincoln  A.  i.  17,  f.  i 

(2)  A  principal  compartment  or  division  in  the 
architectural    arrangement    of    a   building, 
marked  either  by  the  buttresses  on  tlie  walls, 
by  the  disposition  of  the  main  ribs  of  the 
vaulting-  of  the  interior,  by  the  main  arches 
and  pillars,  the  principals  of  the  roof,  or  by 
any  other  leading  features  that  separate  it  into 
corresponding  portions.    The  word  is  some- 
times used  for  the  space  between  the  mullions 
of  a  window.    Oxf.  Gloss.  Arch.    In  the  pro- 
vinces the  term  is  even  applied  to  the  divisions 
of  a  bam,  or  in  fact  to  any  building  possess- 
ing marks  of  division.     Sometimes  a  single 
apartment  in  a  rustic  house,  or  the  space  be- 
tween two  gables,  is  so  called,  which  may  be 
the  meaning  of  the  term  in  Measure  for  Mea- 
sure, ii.  1,  unless  we  might  propose  to  read 
day.    A  compartment  of  a  vault  is  also  termed 
a  bay,    according  to  Willis's  Nomenclature, 
p.  43.   Cf.  Florio,  in  v.  Angra;  Arch.  x.  441 ; 
Hall's  Satires,  v.  1 ;  Nichols'   Royal  Wills, 
p.  295 ;  Holme's  Academy  of  Armory,  p.  450. 
(3)  A  pond-head  made  up  of  a  great  height  to 
keep  in  store  of  water,  so  that  the  wheels  of 
the  furnace  or  hammer  belonging  to  an  iron 
mill  may  be  driven  by  the  water  coming 
thence  through  a  floodgate,  Blount  The  word 
occurs  in  Prompt,  Parv.  p.  21>  translated  by 


obstaculum,  for  which  see  Ducange,  iu  v.  In 
Dorsetshire,  any  bank  across  a  stream  is  called 
a  lay,  and  Cotgrave,  in  v.  Baye,  mentions  "  a 
"bay  of  land." 

'4)  A  pole ;  a  stake.  Skinner. 

:5)  To  bathe:    Spenser. 

!6)  A  boy.    Weber. 

7)  To  bend.    Westmor. 

8)  Round.    Gaw. 

'9)  Bay,  or  baiting  of  an  animal,  when  attacked 
by  dogs.  According  to  Blome,  hounds  are  said 
to  bay,  when  they  make  the  animal  "turn 
head."  To  bay,  to  bark,  Miege. 

(10)  To  open  the  mouth  entreatingly  for  food, 
as  a  young  child  does.   Hottyband. 

(11)  The  nest  of  a  squirrel.   East. 

(12)  A  hole  in  a  breast-work  to  receive  the 
mouth  of  a  cannon.    Hersey. 

(13)  To  bark.    Blome. 

(14)  To  unlodge  a  martern,.  Blome. 
BAYARD.     Properly  a  bay  horse,  but  often  ap. 

plied  to  a  horse  in  general.    According  to 
Grose,  to  ride  bayard  of  ten  toes  is  to  walk  on 
foot,  a  phrase  which  can  have  no  modern  ori- 
gin.    A  very  old  proverb,  "  as  bold  as  blind 
bayard,"  seems  to  be  applied  to  those  who  do 
not  look  before  they  leap.     Cf.  Piers  Plough- 
man, pp.  68,  72,  128 ;  Skelton,  ii.  186  ;  Tarl- 
ton's  Jests,  p.  51 ;  Halle's  Expostulation,  p.  5  j 
Turuament  of  Tottenham,  xi. ;  Cotgrave,  in  v. 
Bay  art ;  Chaucer,  Cant.  T.  16881 ;  Kennett's 
Glossary,  p.  23 ;  MS.  Douce  302,  f,  7  ;  Atide- 
lay's  Poems,  p.  84 ;  Dent's  Pathway  to  Heaven, 
p.  247 ;  Manners  and  Household  Expences  of 
England,  p.  184  ;  Langtoft,  p.  272  ;  MS.  Cott. 
Cleop.  B.  ii.  f.   61 ;   Sir  Gawayne,  p.  301. 
Skelton  mentions  bayardys  bun,   a  sort  of 
loaf  formerly  given  to  horses. 
Ther  is  no  God,  ther  is  no  lawe 
Of  whom  that  he  taketh  eny  hede, 
But  as  Bayarde  the  blynde  stede, 
Tille  he  falle  in  the  diche  amidde, 
He  goth  ther  no  man  wol  him  bidde, 

Cower,  MS.  Sac.  Antiq.  134,  f.  185 

BAY-DUCK.    A  shell-duck.    East. 
BAYE.     Both.     (.4.-S.) 

Til  thai  com  into  a  valnye, 
And  ther  thai  gun  to  rest  bays 

Aithour  and  Merlin,  p.  68. 
Into  the  diaumber  go  we  baye, 
Among  the  maidens  for  to  pi  aye. 

Gy  of  Wai-wihu,  p.  108, 
BAYEN.     To  bay ;  to  bark ;  to  bait. 
BAYES.    Baize. 
BAYET.     Baited.     Rolson. 
BAYLE.  (1)  A  bailiff.     See  Reynard  the  Foxe, 
p.  162;  Audelay's  Poems,  p.  33;  Towneley 
Mysteries,  p.  17.    In  both  senses. 
(2)  A  bucket.    See  the  Privy  Purse  Expences  of 
Henry  \7IIL  p.  11,  "  to  the  same  watermen 
for  fowre  bayles  for  the  saied  barge." 
B  AYLL1SHIP.    The  office  of  a  bailiff. 
BAYLY.    Authority.    Cf.  Sir  Eglamour,  735,  a 
district  given  in  charge  to  a  bailiff  or  guard. 
Y  kneghe  hym  here  yn  grete  bayty, 
He  loved  venjaunce  withoute  mercy. 

MS.  Hart.  1701,  f,  10. 


BE 


153 


BEA 


BAYLYD.    Boiled.    Weber. 

J3AYN.    A  murderer.    (A.-S.} 

BAYNES.    Bones.    See  Sharp's  Cov.  Mysteries, 

p.  225. 
B  AYN  YD.   Shelled,  prepared  for  table,  as  beans, 

&.C.     Prompt.  Parv. 
BAY  RE.    Fit ;  convenient.    Durham. 
bAYSSENT.    Reconciled? 

To  ceasse  the  warre,  the  peace  to  tie  encreassed 
Betwenehym  and  kyng  John  baystent. 

Hardyng's  Chronicle,  f.  150. 

13AYTE.  (1)  To  avail ;  to  be  useful.  Also,  to 
apply  to  any  use. 

Bot  with  htr  tukea  tryppe  of  gayte, 
With  mylke  of  thame  for  to  bayte 

To  Mr  lyves  fode.  Sir  Perceval  186. 

(2)  Explained  by  Hearne,  "  baited,  fastened,  in- 
vaded," in  his  glossary  to  Langtoft ;  but  see 
p.  276. 

BAYTHE,    To  grant.    Gaw. 
BAYTYNGES.    Chastisements. 

He  shal  hern  chastyse  -withsmert  speche, 
With  smalle  baytynges  and  nat  with  wreche. 

MS.  Hart.  1701,  f.  72. 

BAY-WINDOW.  A  large  window ;  probably  so 
called,  because  it  occupied  the  whole  day,  q.  v. 
It  projected  outwards,  occasionally  in  a  semi- 
circular form,  and  hence  arose  the  corrupted 
expression  bow-window.  The  bay-window, 
however,  was  oftener  in  a  rectangular  or  poly- 
gonal form.  The  term  also  appears  to  have 
been  applied  to  a  balcony,  or  gallery ;  at  least, 
Coles  gives  it  as  the  translation  of  menianum. 

BAYYD.    Of  a  bay  colour.    Prompt.  Parv. 

BAYZE.    Prisoner's  base.    SJdnner. 

BAZANS.  A  kind  of  leather  boots,  mentioned 
by  Matthew  Paris. 

BAZE.    To  alarm.    North. 

BE.  (1)  By.  (A.-S.)  Occasionally  time  is  un- 
derstood. "  Be  we  part,"  by  the  time  that 
we  part.  This  proposition  is  common  in  early 
writers,  and  is  still  in  use  in  the  north  country 
dialects. 

(2)  Been.   The  part.  pa.  occurring  in  this  form 
in  Chaucer  and  Robert  of  Gloucester. 

(3)  -The  verb  to  be  is  unchanged  in  all  its  tenses 
in  most  of  the  provincial  dialects.   "  I  be  very 
hungry,"  &c.  , 

(4)  A  common  prefix  to  verbs,  generally  con- 
veying an  intensative  power,    as  be-batb'd, 
Brit.  Bibl.  iii.  207 ;  beblubbered,  Holinshed, 
Chron.  Ireland,  p.  91 ;  becharme,  Ford's  Line 
of 'Life,  p.  57 ;  bedare,  Hawkins'  Eng.  Dram, 
ii.  188 ;  bedyed,  Topsell's  History  of  Serpents, 
p.  309;  befann'd,  Fairfax  of  the  Bulk  and 
Selvedge  of  the  World,  ded.  1674 ;  befogged, 
Dent's  Pathway  to  Heaven,  p.  323;  befool, 
Brome's  Songs,  1661,  p.  200 ;  Tarlton's  Jests, 
p.  37  ;  beknave,  Brit.  Bibl.  i.  38 ;  beleft,  Gesta 
Romanorum,  p.  330;  belome,  Florio,  in   v. 
4ppiastriccidre ;   defatted,    Two   Lancashire 
Lovers,  1640,  p.  162;   bepinch,  Brit.  Bibl. 
i.  550;  bepowdered,  Deloney's  Strange  His- 
tories, 1607;  bequite,  Stanihurst's  Desc.  of 
Ireland,  pref.  p.  1 ;  berogue,  Songs  of  the 
London  Prentices,  n.  91  j   bescratched,  Gif- 


ford's  Dialogue  on  Witches,  1603 ;  beshake, 
Cotton's  Works,   1734,  p.  13;    bespanfjledt 
Barnefield's  Affectionate  Shepherd,  p.  5 ;  be- 
tear'd,  Brit.  Bibl.  iv.  125. 
(5)  A  jewel,  ring,  or  bracelet.   (A.-S.) 
Thereon  he  satte  rychely  crownyd, 
With  many  a  oesaunte,  broche  and  be. 

MS.  Harl.  2252,  f.  125. 

BEACE.  (1)  Cattle.    North. 

(2)  A  cow-stall.     Yorksh. 

BEAD-CUFFS.    Small  ruffles.    Miege. 

BEAD-FARING.  Going  on  pilgrimage.  Ver- 
stegan. 

BEAD-HOUSE.  A  dwelling-place  for  poor  re- 
ligious  persons,  raised  near  the  church  in 
which  the  founder  was  interred,  and  for  w^ose 
soul  they  were  required  to  pray.  Britton. 
Almshouses  are  still  termed  bcadhouses  in 
some  parts  of  the  country ;  and  Kennett,  MS. 
Lansd.  1033,  has,  "  bed-house,  an  hospital. 
Dunelm." 

BEADLE.  A  crier  or  messenger  of  a  court,  the 
keeper  of  a  prison  or  house  of  correction,  an 
under-bailiff  of  a  manor.  Blount. 

BEAD  ROLL.  A  list  of  persons  to  be  prayed 
for ;  a  roll  of  prayers  or  hymns ;  hence,  any 
list.  They  were  prohibited  in  England  in 
1550.  See  Croft's  Excerpta  Antiqua,  p.  13 ; 
Test.  Vetust.  p.  388;  Topsell's  Four-footed 
Beasts,  p.  171 ;  Florio,  in  v.  Climppole. 

BEADSMAN.  One  who  offers  up  prayers  to 
Heaven  for  the  welfare  of  another.  In  later 
times  the  term  meant  little  more  than  servant, 
as  we  now  conclude  letters.  Many  of  the 
ancient  petitions  and  letters  to  great  men 
were  addressed  to  them  by  their  *'  poor  daily 
orators  and  beadsmen"  See  Douce's  Illus- 
trations, i.  31 ;  Ford's  Works,  ii.  72. 

BEAK.  (1)  To  bask  in  the  heat.    North. 

(2)  An  iron  over  the  fire,  in  which  boilers  are 
hung.     Yorksh. 

(3)  To  wipe  the  beak,  a  hawking  term.    Cocks 
that  peck  each  other  are  said  to  beak ;  and  it 
is  also  a  term  in  cockfighting. 

(4)  The  nose  of  a  horse.     Topsell 

(5)  The  points  of  ancient  shoes  were  called 
beaks.   See  Stmtt's  Dress  and  Habits,  ii.  110. 

BEAKER.    A  large  drinking  vessel,  usually  of 
glass,  a  rummer  or  tumbler-glass.    The  term 
is  also  used  figuratively  for  any  tiling  of  larg^ 
size.    Kennett,  MS.  Lansd.  1033,  defines  it 
"  a  round  silver  cup  deep  and  narrow." 
Fill  him  his  beaker,  he  will  never  flinch 
T%  give  a  full  quart  pot  the  empty  pinch. 

Rowlands'  Humors  Ordinarie,  n.  d, 

BEAKIRON.  An  iron  tool  used  by  black- 
smiths. Holme. 

BEAKMENT.  A  measure  of  about  the  quarter 
of  a  peck.  Newcastle. 

BEAL.  (1)  To  roar  out.    North. 

(2)  To  suppurate.    Durham. 

(3)  A  boil;  a  hot  inflamed  tumour.    North* 
Cotgrave  has  bealing,  matter,  in  v.  Boue. 

(4)  To  beat.    Apparently  used  in  this  sense,  or 
perhaps   an   error?  in  Robson's   Romances, 
p.  108. 


BEA 


154 


BEA 


SEALING.     Big   -with   child.     Kennett,  MS. 

Lawd.  1033. 

DEALTE.     Beauty.     Ritson. 
BEAM,  (1)  Misfortune.    (A.-S.} 
(2}  Bohemia.    See  Berne. 
(3}  To  beam  a  tab  is  to  put  water  into  it,  to  stop 

the  leaking  by  swelling  the  wood.    North. 

(4)  A  baud  of  straw.    Devon. 

(5)  This  word  is  apparently  used  for  the  shaft  of 
a  chariot  in  Holinshed,  Hist,  of  England,  p.  28. 

(6)  A  kind  of  wax-candle. 

(7)  The  third  and  fourth  branches  of  a  stag's 
horn  are  called  the  beams,  or  beam-antlers. 
See  Bloine's  Gent.  Rec.  p.  77  j  Howard's  Duell 
of  the  Stags,  1668,  p.  8. 

(8)  A  trumpet.     (A.-S.) 

And  nowe  bene  heare  in  hell  Her, 

Tell  the  daye  of  dome,  tell  beames  blowe. 

Chester  Plays,  \.  17- 

BE  AMBLINGS.  Small  rays  of  light.  See  the 
Two  Lancashire  Lovers,  16407  p.  7. 

BEAM-FEATHERS.  The  long  feathers  in  the 
wings  of  a  hawk.  According  to  some,  the  large 
top  feathers  of  a  hawk's  tail. 

BEAM-FILLING.  Masonry,  or  brickwork,  em- 
ployed to  flush,  or  fill  up  a  wall  between  joists 
or  beams.  Brifton. 

BEAMFUL.    Luminous.    Drayion. 

BEAMING-KNIFE.  A  tanner's  instrument, 
mentioned  by  Palsgrave,  but  without  the  cor- 
responding word  in  French  ;  subst.  f.  19. 

BEAMY.    Built  with  beams.    TqpselL 

BEAN.  The  old  method  of  choosing  king  and 
queen  on  Twelfth  Day,  was  by  having  a  bean 
and  a  pea  mixed  up  in  the  composition  of  the 
cake,  and  they  who  found  them  in  their  por- 
tions were  considered  the  sovereigns  for  the 
evening.  Herrick  alludes  to  this  custom, 
as  quoted  by  Nares,  in  v,  A  bean  was  for- 
merly a  generic  term  for  any  thing  worthless, 
which  was  said  to  be  "  not  worth  a  bene." 
Nares  mentions  a  curious  phrase,  "  three  blue 
beans  in  a  blue  bladder,"  still  in  use  in  Suf- 
folk, according  to  Moor,  but  the  meaning  of 
which  is  not  very  intelligible,  unless  we  sup- 
pose it  to  create  a  difficulty  of  repeating  the 
alliteration  distinctly  ;  and  Cotgrave,  in  v.  Fe- 
&ue,  gives  another  phrase,  "  like  a  beane  in  a 
monkes  hood." 

BEAN-COD.    A  small  fishing  vessel. 

BEANE.  (1)  Obedient.   (A.  £) 

(2)  A  bone.    Topsett. 

BEANED.  A  beaned  horse,  one  that  has  a  peb- 
ble put  under  its  lame  foot,  to  make^it  appear 
sound  and  firm. 

BEANHELM.  The  stalks  of  beans.    West. 

BEAR.  (1)  A  kind  of  barley.  North.  See  Flo- 
rio,  in  v.  Fdrro,  Zea ;  Cooper,  in  v.  Achilleias, 
Zca. 

(2)  To  "  bear  a  bob,"  to  make  one  among  many, 
to  lend  a  helping  hand.    East. 

(3)  A  message.    Such  at  least  appears  to  be  the 
meaning  of  beare  in  Chester  Plays,  i.  1 73. 

(4)  To  "  bear  in  hand,"  to  amuse  with  frivolous 
pretences,  to  keep  in  expectation,  to  persuade, 


to  accuse.  This  phrase  is  very  common  In 
early  works,  and  is  fully  illustrated  in  Pals- 
grave, verbs,  f.  162. 

(5)  To  "  bear  a  brain,"  to  exert  attention,  in- 
genuity, or  memory  ;  a  phrase  occurring  in. 
Shakespeare,  Marston,  and  other  early  dra- 
matists. 

(6)  A  noise.     See  Bere. 

(7)  A  tool  used  to  cut  sedge  and  rushes  in  the 
fens.     Norf. 

Bindweed.     North. 


BEARD.  (1)  To  oppose  face  to  face  in  a  daring 
and  hostile  manner.  ShaJc. 

(2)  To  make  one's  beard  j  to  deceive  a  person, 
Chaucer.     See   Wright's    Anec.  Lit.  p.  30; 
Tyrwhitt's  Chaucer,  iv.  210. 

(3)  To  trim  a  hedge.    Salop. 

(4)  An  ear  of  corn.    Huloet. 

(5)  The  following  proverb,  although  well  known, 
deserves  a  place  in  this  collection.    Cf.  Kyng 
Alisaunder,  1164. 

Mery  it  is  in  the  halle, 

When  berdes  wagg  alle,      MS.  Laud.  622,  f.  65% 

(6)  The  coarser  parts  of  a  joint  of  meat.     The 
bad  portions  of  a  fleece  of  wool  are  also  called 
the  beard. 

BEARD-HEDGE.  The  bushes  wliich  are  stuck 
into  the  bank  of  a  new-made  hedge,  to  pro- 
tect the  fresh  planted  thorns.  C/tesh,  Also 
called  beardings.  See  Kenuett's  Glossary, 
MS.  Lansd,  1033. 

BEARD-TREE.    The  hazel.    Boucher. 

BEARER.    A  farthingale. 

BEARERS.  The  persons  who  bear  or  carry  a 
corpse  to  the  grave.  In  Kent  the  bier  is  some- 
times called  a  bearer. 

BEAR-GARDEN.  A  favourite  place  of  amuse- 
ment  in  the  time  of  Elizabeth,  and  frequently 
alluded  to  in  works  of  that  period.  A  common 
phrase,  "  to  make  as  much  noise  as  a  bear- 
garden," may  hence  have  its  origin.  A  high, 
sounding  drum  there  used  is  alluded  to  in  the 
Meeting  of  Gallants  at  an  Ordinarie,  1604. 

BEAR-HERD.    The  keeper  of  a  bear.   Shak 

BEARING.  (1)  A  term  at  the  games  of  Irish  and 
backgammon.  See  Two  Angry  Women  of 
Abingdon,  p.  12  ;  Middleton's  Works,  ii.  529. 

(2)  In  coursing,  giving  the  hare  the  go-by  was 
called  a  bearing.  See  Blorne's  Gent.  Rcc.  ii.  98. 

BEARING-  ARROW.  An  arrow  that  carries  well. 
Percy. 

BEARING-CLAWS.  The  foremost  toes  of  a 
cock.  Diet.  Rust. 

BEARING-CLOTH.  The  fine  mantle  or  cloth 
with  which  a  child  is  usually  covered  when  it 
is  carried  to  church  to  be  baptized.  Sfiak. 

BEARING-DISHES.  Solid,  substantial  dishes  ; 
portly  viands.  Massing  er. 

BEARING-OF-THE-BOOK.  A  technical  term 
among  the  old  players  for  the  duties  of  the 
prompter.  In  the  accounts  of  the  church- 
wardens of  Heybridge,  1532,  we  have,  "  Item, 
for  baryng  of  the  boke,  vj.  A,"  being  among 
the  expenses  of  a  miracle-play  represented  at 
Whitsuntide* 


BE  A  ii 

BEAR-LEAP.  According  to  Kennett,MS.  Lansd. 

1033,  "  a  large  osier  basket  to  carry  chaff  out 

of  a  barn,  born  between  two  men."     See 

Barlep, 
BEAR-MOUTHS.     Subterraneous  passages  by 

which  men  and  horses  descend  to  the  coal 

mines.    North. 
BEARN.  (1)  A  barn.  East. 

(2)  A  child.    North. 

(3)  Wood.    Coles. 
BEARS'-COLLEGE.    A  jocular  term  used  by 

Ben  Jonson  for  the  bear  garden,  or  Paris  gar- 
den, as  it  was  more  frequently  called. 

BEAR'S-EAR.  The  early  red  auricula.  East. 

BEAR'S-FOOT.  A  species  of  hellebore.  See 
Florio,  in  v.  Branca  Ursina,  Consiligone, 
Eleboro  nero.  We  have  bearsbreech  and 
bearswort,  names  of  herbs. 

BEAR'S-MASQUE.  A  kind  of  dance  men- 
tioned in  an  old  play  in  MS.  Bodl.  30. 

BEAR-STONE.  A  large  stone  mortar,  formerly 
used  for  unhusking  barley.  Brocket!. 

BEARWARD.  The  keeper  of  a  bear. 

BEAR-WORM.  The  palmer-worm.  SeeTopsell's 
History  of  Serpents,  p.  105. 

BEAS.    Cows ;  cattle.  North. 

BEASEL.  That  part  of  a  ring  in  which  the 
stone  is  set.  Minsheu.  Howell  calls  it  leazil- 
head,  in  his  Lexicon,  app.  Sect,  xxxiv.  See 
also  Florio,  in  v.  Piantzza. 

BEASSH.    To  defile.  Palsgrave. 

BEAST.  (1)  An  old  game  at  cards,  similar  to 
the  modern  game  of  loo. 

(2)  Apparently  a  measure  containing  a  single 
fur.     See  Wardrobe  Accounts  of  Edw.  IV. 
p.  129. 

(3)  An  animal  of  the  "beeve  kind  in  a  fatting 
state.    East. 

BEASTING.    A  beating;  a  flogging.     Lane. 

BEASTLE.    To  defile.    Somerset. 

BEASTLINGS.  The  first  milk  drawn  after  a 
cow  has  calved,  in  some  places  considered  un- 
fit for  the  calf.  A  pudding  made  from  this 
milk,  called  beastling-pudding,  is  well  known 
for  its  peculiar  richness.  Sometimes  called 
freest,  or  b  eastings  ;  and  formerly  applied  to 
woman's  milk,  or  of  any  animal.  The  word  is 
common  as  an  archaism,  and  also  in  the  pro- 
vinces. See  Cotgrave,  ia  v.  Beton,  Calkboutt, 
Laict,  Tetine ;  Florio,  in  v.  Colostra. 

BEAT.  (1)  Hares  and  rabbits  are  said  to  beat, 
when  they  make  a  noise  at  rutting  time.  See 
Blome's  Gent.  Rec.  ii.  76.  As  a  sporting  term, 
to  search. 

(2)  To  repair ;  to  mend.   East.   (A.-S.} 

(3)  To  abate.  Hollyband. 

(4)  Peat.   Devon. 

(5)  To  hammer  with  one's  thoughts  on  any  par- 
ticular subject.  Shak. 

(6)  A  term  in  grinding  corn.   See  Arch.  xi.  201. 

(7)  "  Brewer's  beat"  is  mentioned  in  the  Songs 
of  the  London  Prentices,  p.  132.    Qu.  beet 
root  ? 

(S)  A  blow.  "We  get  but  years  and  teats," 
Beaumont  and  Fletcher,  y.  239. 


BEA 

BEAT-AWAY.    To  excavate,  North. 
BEAT-BURNING.    Denshering,  q.  v. 
BEATEM.  A  conqueror.    Yorksh. 
BEATEN.  (1)  Trite.    Middleton. 

(2)  Stamped  on  metal.  "  Beton  on  the  molde," 
Sir  Eglamour,  1031. 

(3)  Stationed  as  upon  a  heat.  See  the  Leycester 
Correspondence,  p.  163. 

BEATER.  A  wooden  mallet,  used  for  various 
purposes.  Cotgrave  mentions  "  a  thatcher's 
beater,"  in  v.  Eschandole.  The  boards  pro- 
jecting from  the  inside  circumference  of  a 
churn  to  beat  the  milk,  are  called  beaters. 

BEATH.  To  heat  unseasoned  wood  by  fire  for 
the  purpose  of  straightening  it.  East.  Tusser 
has  the  word,  and  also  Spenser.  Meat  im- 
properly roasted  is  said  in  the  Midland 
Counties  to  be  beathed.  See  Beethy. 

BEATILLES.   Giblets. 

BEATING.  (1)  Walking  about ;  hurrying.  West. 

(2  A  row  of  corn  in  the  straw  laid  along  the 
barn-floor  for  thrashing.  Norf. 

BEATMENT.   A  measure.   North. 

BEATOUR.   Roundabout.    (A.-N.) 

BEAT-OUT.    Puzzled.   Essex. 

BEATWrORLD.   Beyond  controuL   East. 

BEAU.    Fair;  good.   (A.-N.) 

BEAUCHAMP,  "As  bold  as  Beauchamp,"  a 
proverbial  expression,  said  to  have  originated 
in  the  valour  of  one  of  the  Earls  of  Warwick 
of  that  name.  See  Nares,  p.  48 ;  Middleton's 
Works,  ii.  411 ;  Brit.  Bibl.  i.  533. 

BE  AUFET.  A  cupboard  or  niche,  with  a  canopy, 
at  the  end  of  a  hall.  Britton. 

BEAU-PERE.  A  friar,  or  priest.  (A.-N.)  See 
Piers  Ploughman,  pp.  383,  533.  Roquefort 
has,  "  Beau-pere,  titre  que  Ton  donnoit  aux 
religieux."  Spenser  has  the  word  in  the  sense 
of  companion.  See  also  Utterson's  Pop.  Poet, 
ii.  25 ;  Prompt.  Parv.  p.  31. 

BEAUPERS.  Apparently  some  kind  of  cloth, 
mentioned  in  the  Book  of  Rates,  p.  26. 

BEAUPLEADER.  A  writ  that  lies  where  the 
sheriff  or  bailiff  takes  a  fine  of  a  party  that 
he  may  not  plead  fairly,  or  a  fitting  to  the 
purpose.  Kersey. 

BEAUTIFIED.    Beautiful.  S/iaL 

BEAUTIFUL.  Delicious.    Var.  dial. 

BEAU-TRAPS.  Loose-pavements  in  the  foot- 
way, under  which  dirt  and  water  collects, 
liable  to  splash  any  one  that  treads  on  them. 
Norf. 

BEAUTY-WATER.  Water  used  by  ladies  to 
restore  their  complexions.  Miege. 

BEAVER.  (1)  That  part  of  the  helmet  which 
is  moved  up  and  down  to  enable  the  wearer 
to  drink,  leaving  part  of  the  face  exposed 
when  up.  Perhaps  more  correctly  speaking, 
the  shade  over  the  eyes;  and  the  word  is 
even  applied  to  the  helmet  itself.  See  a  dis* 
sertation  on  the  subject  in  Douce's  Illustra- 
tions, i.  438.  « 

(2)  The  bushes  or  underwood  growing  out  on 
the*  ditchless  side  of  a  single  hedge.  Dorset. 

BE  AVERAGE.  Water  cider.    Devon. 


EEC 


156 


BED 


BEAVERET.     A  half-beaver  hat.      Rennet? s 

Glossary,  MS.  Lansd.  1033. 
BEAWTE.  "Without;  except.  Lane. 
BEAZLED.    Fatigued.  Sussex. 
BEB.    To  sip ;  to  drink.     North.    Also  a  beb- 

ler,  an  immoderate  drinker. 
BEBAST.    To  beat.    See  Euphues  Golden  Le- 

gaoie,  ap.  Collier's  Shak.  Lib.  p.  5. 
BE-BEIiED.     Buried.     See  MS.  Arund.   57, 
quoted  in  Reliq.  Antiq.  i.  42.    Yerstegan  gives 
bebirfyed  in  the  same  sense. 
BE  BLAST.    Blasted.     Gascolgne. 
BE -BLED.    Covered  with  blood.    (A.-S.)     See 
Chaucer,  Cant.  T.  2004;  Morte  d' Arthur,  i. 
102,  148,  ii.  57;Maundevile's  Travels,  p.  3. 
The  knave  he  stewe  in  the  bedel, 
The  ryche  clothys  were  alle  be-bledd. 

HIS.  Ctmtab.  Pf.  ii.  38,  f.  83. 
BE  BLIND.    To  make  blind.     Gascoigne. 
BKBLOTTE.    To  stain.  ((A.-S.) 
BEBOB.    To  bob. 

Have  you  seene  a  dawe  bebob  two  crowes  so  ? 

Steevens'  Old  Plays,  i.  78. 
BE  BODE.     Commanded.     Verstegan. 
BE-CALLE.  (1)  To  accuse;  to  challenge.     See 
Langtoft's   Chronicle,  p.  257;  Ywaine    and 
Gawin,  491. 

(2)  To  require.    Gaw. 

(3)  To  abuse ;  to  censure.     West. 
BECASSE.    A  woodcock.   (Fr.)   See  the  Rut- 

land  Papers,  p.  27. 

BECCHE.    Made  of  iron. 

BE CCO.  A  cuckold.  (Ital)  A  favourite  word 
•with  our  early  dramatists.  Drayton  makes 
lecco  the  Italian  for  a  cuckoo,  a  bird  often  as- 
similated with  human  beccos. 

BECEGYN.    To  besiege.    Prompt.  Parv. 

BECEKYN.    To  beseech.    Prompt.  Parv. 

BECETTYN.    To  set  in  order.    Prompt.  Parv. 

BECHATTED.    Bewitched.    Line. 

BECHE.    A  beech  tree.     (A.-S.) 

BECKER.  A  betrayer.  (A.-S.) 
Love  is  becher  and  les, 
And  lef  for  to  tele.  MS,  Digby  86. 

BECK.  (1)  A  small  stream.     Var.  dial     See 
Plumpton  Corr.  p.  248  ;  Harrison's  Descrip- 
tion of  Britaine,  p.  50. 
Thetung,  the  brains,  the  paunch  and  the  neck, 
When  they  washed  be  well  with  the  water  of  the  beck. 
BooTce  of  Hunting,  1586. 

(2)  A  constable.    Harman. 

(3)  To  nod;  to  beckon.    Also  a  substantive,  a 
bow,  a  salutation.   SeeOrd.  and  Reg.  p.  Ill ; 
King  and  a  Poore  Northern  Man,    1640 ; 
Decker's  Knights  Conjuring,  p.  17 ;  Chaucer, 
Cant.  T.  12330, 17295 ;  Skelton,  ii,  280 ;  Pals- 
grave, verb,  f.  158.    A  becJc  was  a  bend  of  the 
knee  as  well  as  a  nod  of  the  head. 

(4)  The  beak  of  a  bird.     Hence  the  protecting 
tongue  of  an  anvil  is  called  the  becJc-iron. 
Sometimes  the  nose  is  called  a  beck.  Harrison, 
p.   172,    talks   of   a  person  being  "wesell 
becked." 

BECKER.    A  wooden  dish.    Northuml. 
BECKET.    A  kind  of  spade  used  in  digging 
tur£    East. 


BECKETS.  A  kind  of  fastening ;  a  place  of  se- 
curity for  any  kind  of  tackle  on  board  a  ship. 

BECK-STANS.  The  strand  of  a  rapid  river. 
North. 

BECLAPPE.     To  catch.     (A.-S.) 

BECLARTED.    Besmeared ;  bedaubed.    North. 

BECLIPPE.    To  curdle.     Maundevile. 

BE-COME.  To  go.  (A.-S.)  The  participle  oe- 
com  is  found  in  Syr  Gawayne. 

BECOMES.   Best  clothes.   East. 

BECOUGHT.    Seized.  (A.-S.) 

Swete  Mahoun,  what  is  the  red  ? 
Love-longiug  ine  hath  lecought. 

Beves  of  Hamtoun,  p.  3/ 

BECRIKE.  A  kind  of  oath.  North. 

BECURL.    To  curve ;  to  bend.    Richardson. 

BECYDYN".   Besides ;  near.    Prompt.  Parv. 

BED.  (1)  A  bed  of  snakes  is  a  knot  of  young 
ones ;  and  a  roe  is  said  to  bed  when  she 
lodges  in  a  particular  place.  Diet.  Rust. 

2)  A  horizontal  vein  of  ore  in  a  mine.   Derby sh* 

3)  To  go  to  bed  with.    See  Jonson's  Conversa- 
tions, p.  19 ;  Hardyng  Suppt.  p.  96. 

(4)  Offered.    (A.-S.) 

Lord,  he  myght  fulle  wylle  sped, 

A  knyghtes  dowghttyr  wase  hyme  bed. 

Torrent  of  Portugal,  p.  34 

(5)  Prayed.  (A.-S.)     See  Warton's  Hist.  Engl. 
Poet.  i.  12. 

(6)  Commanded.  Langtoft. 

'7)  The  horizontal  base  of  stone  inserted  in  a 
wall.  Yorksh. 

(8)  A  fleshy  piece  of  beef  cut  from  the  upper 
part  of  the  leg  and  bottom  of  the  belly.  East. 
Sometimes  the  uterus  of  an  animal  is  so  called. 

(9)  The  phrase  of  getting  out  the  wrong  side  of 
the  bed  is  applied  to  a  person  who  is  peevish 
and  illtempered.    Var.  dial. 

BEDAFFE.   To  make  a  fool  of.    (A.-S.) 
BE-DAGHE.  To  dawn  upon.   (A.-S.) 
BEDAGLED.    Dirtied.    HoUy&and. 
BED-ALE.    Groaning  ale,  brewed  for  a  christ- 
ening.  Devon. 
BEDAND.    Offering.  (A.-S.) 

So  long  lie  wente  forth  in  hys  wey, 
His  beiles  bedand  nyght  and  cley. 

MS.  dshmolti  61,  f.  3. 

BEDASSHED.  Covered;  adorned.  This  is  ap- 
parently the  meaning  of  the  word  in  Morte 
d' Arthur,  ii.  366. 

BEDAWYD.    Ridiculed.  SJcelton. 

BED-BOARD.  "  Bedde  borde"  is  translated  by 
sponde  in  Palsgrave,  subst.  f.  19. 

BEDD,  The  body  of  a  cart.  Kennetfs  Glossary, 
MS.  Lansd.  1033. 

BEDDE.  A  husband  or  wife.    (A.-S.) 
BEDDEN.   To  bed;  to  put  to  bed.    (A.-S.) 
BEDDER.  (1)  The  under-stone  of  an  oil-mill 

Howell. 
(2)  An  upholsterer.    West.     In  some  counties, 

leddiner. 

BEDDERN.   A  refectory.    (A.-S.) 
BEDDY.   Greedy;  officious.    North. 

BEDE.  (1)  To  proffer;  to  offer.    North.     See 
Minot's  Poems,  p.   19  j    Langtoft,    p«  29  j 
Prompt,  Parv.  p.  28. 


BED 


157 


BEE 


(2)  A  prayer.  (A.-S.) 

(3)  To  order ;  to  bid.  (A.-S.)  Also,  commanded, 
as  in  Rob.  Glouc.  p.  166.     See  the  various 
meanings  of  bede  given  by  Hearne. 


4) 
5) 


To  pray.    (A-S.) 


Prohibition.    (A.-S.) 

6)  Placed.   Skinner. 

7)  Dwelt  ;  continued.     S&inner. 
(8)  A  commandment.    (d.-S.) 
BEDEADED.     Slain  ;  made  dead. 
BEDEET.    Dirtied.    North. 

BEDELL.   A  servitor  ;  perhaps,  bailiff.   STcelton. 
The  MS.  Bodl.  175  reads  bedel,  Chester  Plays, 
i.  95,  in  place  of  key  dell  in  Mr.  Wright's  MS. 
BEDEN.     Prayers.     (A.-S.)     Bedes,  petitions, 
occurs  in  the  list  of  old  words  prefixed  to  Bat- 
man uppon  Bartholome,  1582. 
BEDENE.     Immediately;    moreover;    collec- 
tively ;  continuously  ;  forthwith.     This  word  is 
used  in  a  variety  of  senses,  sometimes  appa- 
rently as  a  mere  expletive.    All  the  above 
meanings  are  conjectural,  and  derived  from  the 
context  of  passages  in  which  the  word  occurs. 
BEDERED.    Bed-ridden.    Prompt.  Parv. 
BEDERKID.     Darkened. 

But  whanne  the  blake  wynter  nyjte, 
Withoute  mone  and  sterre  Iy3te, 
Bederkid  hath  the  water  stronde, 
Alle  prively  they  gone  to  londe. 

Cower,  MS.  Soc.  Antiq.  134,  f.  46. 

BEDEVIL.  To  spoil  anything.  South.  A  per- 
son who  is  frequently  convicted  of  vile  con- 
duct, is  said  to  be  bedeviled. 

BEDEWITH.    Wetteth.    Chaucer. 

BED-FAGGOT.  A  contemptuous  term  for  a 
bedfellow.  East. 

BEDFELLOW.  It  was  formerly  customary  for 
men  even  of  the  highest  rank  to  sleep  toge- 
ther ;  and  the  term  bedfellow  implied  great  in- 
timacy. Dr.  Forman,  in  his  MS.  Autobiogra- 
phy, mentions  one  Gird  as  having  been  his 
bedfellow,  MS.  Ash.  208.  Cromwell  is  said  to 
have  obtained  much  of  his  intelligence  during 
the  civil  wars  from,  the  common  men  with 
whom  he  slept. 

BEDFERE.  A  bedfellow.  Ben  Jonson  has 
bed-pheere,  as  quoted  by  Nares. 

That  je  schulle  ben  his  owen  dere, 
And  he  schalle  be  3owre  bedfere. 

Goiver,  MS.  Soc.  Antiq.  134,  f.  189. 

BEDGATT.    Command  ? 

Thre  balefulle  birdez  his  brochez  they  turne, 
That  byddez  his  bedgatt,  his  byddyng  to  wyrche. 

Htloi  te  Arthure>  MS.  Lincoln,  f.  64. 

BEDIZENED.    Dressed  out.     Var.  dial 

BED-JOINTS.  Joints  of  stone  that  lie  in  the 
beds  of  rocks.  Derlysh. 

BEDLAM-BEGGARS.  A  class  of  vagrants, 
more  fully  noticed  under  their  other  appella- 
tion, Toms  of  Bedlam,  q.  v.  See  several  notices 
in  Malone's  Shakespeare,  x.  104.  They  were 
also  called  bedlams,  bedlamers,  and  bedlamites, 
which  came  to  be  generic  terms  for  fools  of  all 
classes.  "  Bedlem  madnesse"  is  the  transla- 
tion of  furor  in  the  Nomenclator,  p.  424, 
which  may  serve  to  illustrate  a  passage  in 
2  Henry  VI,  iii.  1. 


A  bed-ridden  person.    Prompt. 


See  Florio,  in  v. 


Wrought ;  made  up.    Percy. 

To    make   to    dote;    to    deceive. 


BEDLAWYR. 

Parv. 

BEDLEM.    Bethlehem. 
BEDMATE.     A  bedfellow. 
BED-MINION.    Abardash. 

Caramita,  Concul'mo. 
BEDOLED.     Stupified  with  pain.    Devon. 
BEDOLVEN.     Digged.    Skinner. 
BED OM.     Craved;  demanded.     Rob.   Glouc. 

p.  143. 
BEDONE. 
BEDOTE. 

Chaucer. 
BEDOUTE.    Redoubted. 

Above  all  men  he  was  there  raoste  bedoute. 

Hardy >ng's  Chronicle,  f.  159. 

BEDPRESSER.    A  dull  heavy  fellow. 

BE-DRABYLYD.  Dirtied ;  wetted.  It  is  trans- 
lated  by  paludosus  in  Prompt.  Parv.  pp.  28, 
283.  Carr  has  drabble-tail,  a  woman  whose 
petticoats  are  wet  and  dirty. 

BEDRADDE.     Dreaded.     Chaucer. 

BEDRAULED.    Defiled.    SMnner. 

BEDREDE.    Bedridden.     Chaucer. 

BEDREINTE.    Drenched.     Chaucer. 

BEDREPES.  Days  of  work  performed  in 
harvest  time  by  the  customary  tenants,  at  the 
bidding  of  their  lords.  See  Cullum's  Hawsted, 
1784,  p.  189. 

BEDS.     The  game  of  hop-scotch.    NortJi. 

BEDS-FOOT.     The  plant  mastic.    SMnner. 

BED-STEDDLE.    A  bedstead.    Essex. 

BED-SUSTER.  One  who  shares  the  bed  of  the 
husband ;  the  concubine  of  a  married  man  in 
relation  to  the  legitimate  wife.  See  Rob. 
Glouc.  p.  27,  quoted  by  Stevenson. 

BEDSWERVER.     An  adultress.     Shals. 

BED-TYE.    Bed-tick.     West. 

BEDUELE.    To  deceive.     (^.-£) 

BEDWARD.     Towards  bed.    Nares. 

BED  WEN.    A  birch  tree.     West. 

BEDYNER.    An  officer.    (Dut.) 
Lyare  wes  mi  latymer, 
Sleuthe  aut  slep  mi  bedyner. 

Wright's  Lyric  Poetry t  p.  49. 

BEE.    A  jewel.     See  Cooper,  in  v.  Monile ; 

Morte  d' Arthur,  i.  243. 
BEE-BAND.  *  A  hoop  of  iron  which  encircles 

the  hole  in  the  beam  of  a  plough  where  tbe 

coulter  is  fixed.     North. 
BEE-BEE.    A  nursery  song.     Yorksh. 
BEE-BIKE.    A  nest  of  wild  bees.    North. 
BEE -BIRD.     The  willow  wren.     Var.  dial. 
BEE -BREAD.     A  brown  acid  substance  with 

which  some  of  the  cells  in  a  honeycomb  are 

filled.     Var.  dial.    See  Bee-give. 
BEE -BUT.    A  bee-hive.     Somerset. 
BEECH-COAL.    A  peculiar  kind  of  coal  used 

by  alchemists.     See  Ben  Jonson,  iv.  52. 
BEECHGALL.    A  hard  knot  on  the  leaf  of  the 

beech  containing  the  maggot  of  some  insect. 
BEE-DROVE.    A  great  crowd  of  men,  or  any 

other  creatures.    East. 
BEEDY.    A  chicken.     Far.  dial. 
BEEDY'S-EYES.    The  pansy.    Somerset. 
BEEF.     An  ox.  (Fr.")  So  beefetj  a  young  ox,  as 

in  Holinshed,  Desc.  Scotland,  p.  20. 


BEE  1, 

BEEF-EATERS.     The  yeomen  of  the  guard. 

The  name  is  said  to  be  corrupted  from  beauf- 

fetiers.     See  Boucher,  in  v. 
BEEFING.   A builock  fit  for  slaughter.  Suffolk. 
BEE-GLUE.    According  to  Florio,  in  v.  Pro- 

potio,  "  a  solide  matter,  and  yet  not  perfect 

wax,  wherewith  bees  fence  the  entrance^ of 

their  hives  to  keepe  out  the  winde  or  cold." 
BEE-HIVE.    A  wattled  straw-chair,  common 

umong  cottagers.     West. 
BEEK.    A  rivulet.    North. 
BE  EKED.    Covered  with  dirt.    North. 
BEEKNE.    A  beacon.    Prompt.  Parv. 
BEELD.   (1)    Shelter.    North.    Sometimes  a 

shed  for  cattle  is  called  a  beelding,  and  is  said 

to  be  beeldy.    This  is  merely  a  later  form  of 

beld)  p. .  v. 
(2)  To  build.  North.     "  Beeldynge"  occurs  in 

Prompt.  Parv.  p.  35. 
BEELE.    A  kind  of  pick-axe  used  in  separating 

the  ore  from  the  rock. 
BEE-LIPPEN.    A  bee-hive.    Somerset. 
BEEM.    See  Beam. 
BEEN.  (1)  Bees.    (A.-S.)    See  Chaucer,  Cant. 

T.  10518 ;  Piers  Ploughman,  p.  493. 

(2)  Property ;  wealth.     Tusser. 

(3)  The  plural  of  the  present  tense  of  the  verb 
to  be.     Sometimes,  have  been.     In  some 
dialects,  it  is  equivalent  to  because;  and  it 
also  occurs  as  a  contracted  form  of  by  Mm. 

(4)  Nimble;  clever.    Lane.    Grose  has  bienty, 
excellently. 

(5)  A  withy  band.    Devon. 
BEENDE.    Bondage. 
BEENSHIP.    Worship;  goodness. 

BEER.  Force;  might.  ChesJi,  More,  MS.  ad- 
ditions to  Ray,  has,  "  to  take  beer,  to  goe 
back  that  you  may  leape  farther."  See  also 
Kennett's  Glossary,  MS.  Lansd.  1033. 

BEERE.    A  bier.    Prompt.  Parv. 

BEER-GOOD.    Yeast.    East. 

BEERNESS.    A  beer-cellar.    North. 

BEERY.    Intoxicated.    Warw. 

BEES.  (1)  "  To  have  bees  in  the  head,"  a 
phrase  meaning,  according  to  Nares,  to  be 
choleric.  "  To  have  a  bee  in  the  bonnet,"  is 
a  phrase  of  similar  import,  or  sometimes 
means  to  be  a  little  crazy.  Toone  gives  a 
Leicestershire  proverb,  "  as  busy  as  bees  in  a 
bason."  See  also  Jamieson's  Suppl.  in  v. 
Bee. 

(2)  The  third  person  sing,  and  all  tihe  pi.  future 
tense  of  the  verb  to  be.  North.  The  ten- 
dency of  this  dialect  is  to  change  th  (A.-S.) 
into  s. 

(4)  Flies.    Line. 

(5)  Cows.     North. 

BEESEN.  Blind.  Line.  A  common  expres- 
sion, "  as  drunk  as  a  lessen."  "  Wullo  beezen 
the  vine  right,"  will  you  he  blind  to  the  fine 
sight,  Fairholt's  Pageants,  ii.  101.  Spelt  bee- 
some  in  the  early  editions  of  Coriolanus,  ii.  1. 

BEESKIP.    A  bee-hive.     West. 

BEES-NEST.    A  kind  of  flax.     Skinner. 

BEESNUM.    Be  they  not.     West. 


8  BEG 

BEESTAILE.     Cattle. 

Beestaile  thei  had  ynouje  I  wot. 

Cursor  Mundi,  MS.  Trin.  Coll.  Cantab,  f.  1& 

BEET.  A.  beet  of  flax,  translated  by  linifrangi- 
lula  in  Skinner.  For  other  meanings  see  Bete. 

BEET-AXE.  The  instrument  used  in  beeting 
ground  in  denshering.  Devon. 

BEETHY.  Soft,  sticky  ;  in  a  perspiration.  Un. 
derdone  meat  is  called  beethy.  Duncumb  ex- 
plains it  "  withered."  Herefordsh. 

BEETLE.  A  heavy  wooden  mallet,  used  for 
various  purposes.  A  "  three  man  beetle," 
says  Nares,  was  one  so  heavy  that  it  required 
three  men  to  manage  it,  two  at  the  long  ban- 
dies  and  one  at  the  head.  Kollyband,  in  his 
Dictiouarie,  1593,  mentions  "  a  beetle  which 
laundrers  do  use  to  wash  their  buck  and 
clothes." 

BEETLE-BROWED.  Having  brows  that  hang 
over.  Shakespeare  uses  the  verb  beetle,  Ham- 
let, i.  4.  Cf.  Piers'  Ploughman,  p.  88  ;  Du 
Bartas,  p.  652 ;  Howell,  sect.  21 ;  Rom.  and 
Juliet,  i.  4. 

BEETLE-HEADED.  Dull ;  stupid.  Shak.  In 
Dorsetshire,  the  miller's  thumb  is  called  a 
leetlehead. 

BEETLE-STON.    The  cantharides.    Florio. 

BEETNEED.  Assistance  in  the  hour  of  distress. 
North. 

BEFAWN.    To  surround  ;  to  seize,    (^.-£; 
And  yf  [je]  see  a  schyppe  of  palme, 
Then  sylle  to  them  befawn. 

MS.  Cantab.  Ff.  ii.  38>  f.  08. 

BEFET.     A  buffet ;  a  blow.    (A.-N.} 

BEFFING.  (1)  Barking.     Line. 

(2)  Burning  land  after  it  is  pared.     North. 

BEFIGHT.     To  contend.     Surrey. 

JBEFILIN.    To  defile. 

BEFILL.     Befell.     (4.-S.) 

BEFLAYNE.    Flayed. 

Oute  of  his  skyn  he  was  beflayne 
Alle  quik,  and  in  that  wise  slayne. 

Gower,  MS.  Soc.  Antiq.  134,  f.  212. 
BEFLECKE.    To  streak ;  to  spot. 

Why  blush  you,  and  why  with  vermilion  taint 
Beflecke  your  cheeks  ?     Turbcvile's  Oi)id,\5(fit  f.  134. 
BEFON.     To  befall  ?     Towneley  Myst. 
BEFORE.    To  take  before  one.     "  Shall  I  take 
that  before  me  ?"  that  is,  "  shall  I  take  it  with 
me  when  I  go  there  ?"    Kent. 
BEFOREN.     Before.     (A.-S.)    Bffom  is  com- 
mon in  early  works,  and  in  the  dialects  of  the 
present  day. 

BE-FOTE.     On  foot.    Prompt.  Parv. 
BEFROSE.    Frozen. 

Over  Daunby  thilke  flood, 
Whiche  alle  be/rose  than  stood. 

Gower,  MS.  Soc.  Antiq.  134,  f.  73. 

BEFT.     Struck ;  beaten.     Gaw. 
BEFYCE.    Beau  fils.    See  Prompt.  Parv.  p.  28, 
pulcher  filius  ;  and  Kitson's  Met.  Rom.  iii.  256. 
This  generic  name  is  often  adopted  in  the  old 
romances. 
BEFYLDE.    Dirtied. 

I  praye  you  therfore  hertyly, 
That  you  wyll  take  it  paciently, 

For  I  am  all  befylde.  The  Unluckie  Virmentle. 


BEG 


159 


BEH 


BEG.  To  beg  a  person  for  a  fool,  was  to  apply 
to  be  his  guardian,  under  a  writ  de  idiota  in- 
quirendo,  by  which,  if  a  man  was  legally 
proved  an  idiot,  the  profits  of  his  land  arid  the 
custody  of  his  person  might  be  granted  by  the 
king  to  any  subject.  Nares.  The  custom  is 
frequently  alluded  to  by  our  old  dramatists. 

BEGAB.    To-  mock ;  to  deceive. 

BEGALOWE.   To  out-gallop. 

That  was  a  wyjt  as  any  swalowe, 
Ther  my5t  no  hors  hym  begalowe. 

MS.  Cantab.  Ff.  ii.  38,  f.  124 

BEGAKED.  Adorned.   Skelton. 

BEGAY.   To  make  gay.  Beaumont. 

BEGAYGED.   Bewitched.   Devon. 

BEGCHIS.  Bitches.    Cov.  Myst. 

BEGE.   Big.    Gaw. 

BEGECK.  A  trick.   Ritson. 

BEG-ENELD.  A  mendicant.   Piers  Ploughman. 

BEGETARE.  A  begetter.  Prompt.  Parv. 

BEGGAR.  "  Set  a  beggar  on  horseback,  and  he 
will  ride  to  the  jakes,"  a  common  proverb  ap- 
plied to  those  who  have  suddenly  risen  in 
wealth,  and  are  too  proud  even  to  walk  there. 

So  that  dyvers  of  our  saylors  were  much  offended, 
and  sayd,  set  a  begger  on  liorsbacke  and  he  wyl 
ryde  unreasonable.  .MS.  Addit.  5008. 

BEGGAR-MY-NEIGHBOUR.Achildren'sgame 
at  cards.  The  players  throw  a  card  alter- 
nately, till  one  throws  a  court  card,  the  ad- 
versary giving  one  card  for  a  knave,  two  for  a 
queen,  three  for  a  king,  and  four  for  an  ace, 
this  proceeding  being  interrupted  in  the  same 
manner  if  the  other  turns  up  a  court  card  or 
an  ace,  which  generally  makes  the  game  an 
unreasonable  length. 

BEGGAR'S-BUSH.  According  to  Miege,  a 
rendezvous  for  beggars.  "  To  go  by  beggar's 
bush,"  to  go  on  the  road  to  ruin.  Beggar's 
bush  was  also  the  name  of  a  tree  near  London. 
Cleaveland,  in  his  Midsummer  Moon,  p.  188, 
says,  "if  a  man  be  a  tree  invers'd,  hee's  beg- 
gar's bush."  See  also  the  Two  Angrie  Women 
of  Abingdon,  p.  80.  A  similar  phrase,  "  we 
are  brought  to  begger  staffe,"  occurs  in  the 
Plumpton  Correspondence,  p.  199. 

BEGGARS-BUTTONS.  The  burson  on  the 
burdock.  Devon. 

BEGGARS-NEEDLE.  The  shepherd's  needle. 
Midland  C. 

BEGGARS -VELVET.  The  light  particles  of 
down  shaken  from  a  feather-bed,  and  left  by 
a  sluttish  housemaid  to  collect  under  it.  East. 
The  term  beggars' -bolts,  stones,  is  of  a  similar 
formation. 

BEGGAR-WEED.   The  corn  spurry.   Beds. 

BEGGARY.  Full  of  weeds.  East. 

BEGHE.  A  crown ;  a  garland.   (A.-S.) 

BEGILED.  Beguiled.   (A.-N.) 

BEGINNYNGE.   A  principle.    Chaucer. 

BEGIRDGE.  To  grudge.   Somerset. 

BEGKOT.  Foolish.   (A.-N.) 

JBegkot  an  bride, 
Bede  him  at  ride 
In  the  dismale. 

Wright  PulitieaZ  Songs,  p.  303. 


BEGLE.  Boldly? 

The  Sarasyns  were  swythe  stronge, 
And  helde  fyght  begle  and  longe. 

MS.  Cantab.  Ff.  ii,  38,  f.  105, 

BEGLUED.   Overcome.  Lydgate. 
BE  GO.    To   do  ;  to  perform.   (A.-S.)     In  the 
following  passages,  used  for  leyon,  part.  pa. 
And  tolde  him  how  hit  was  bego, 
Of  is  wele  and  of  is  wo. 

Betes  of  Ramtount  p.  77. 
The  erthe  it  is,  whiche  evermo 
With  mannis  laboure  is  bego. 

Gower,  MS.  Soc.  Antiq.  134,  f.  59. 

BEGON.  Adorned.  Frequently  used  in  this 
sense.  See  Reliq.  Antiq.  ii.  19  ;  Illustrations 
of  Fairy  Mythology,  p.  59 ;  Rom.  of  the  Rose, 
943.  Then  we  have,  wel  legon,  in  a  good  way ; 
wo  deffon,  far  gone  in  woe  j  worse  begon,  in  a 
worse  way,  &c. 

BEGONE.    Decayed ;  worn  out.    East. 

BEGONNE.    Begun.   (A.-S.) 

BEGORZ.  A  vulgar  oath.  Somerset.  Perhaps 
more  generally  pronounced  legosh.  "  Begum- 
mers"  is  another  oath  of  similar  formation. 

BEGRAVE.    Buried.     (A.-S.) 

Into  the  grounde,  where  alle  gone, 
This  ded  lady  was  begrave. 

Goiver,  MS.  Soc.  Antiq.  134,  f.  67. 
BEGREDE.     To  cry  out  against.    (A.-S.)     Be* 
ffrad  occurs  in  Ellis's  Met.Roni.iii.  51, 
Launcelot  of  tresson  they  be-g>*edde, 
Callyd  hym  fals  and  kyngys  traytoure. 

MS.Harl.  2252,  f.  108. 

BEGRUMPLED.     Displeased.     Somerset. 

BEGUILED.     Covered  with  guile.     Shale. 

BEGUINES.     A  sort  of  nuns.    SMnner. 

BE-GYFTE.    Gave. 

Thefe,  where  haste  thou  my  oxen  done 

That  y  the  le-gyfte.   MS.  Cantab.  Ff.  ii.  38,  f.  86. 

BEGYN.    A  biggin.     Reliq.  Antiq.  ii.  74. 

BEGYNGGE.     Careful.     (A.-S.) 

A  begyngge  gome,  gameliche  gay.     Reliq.  Antiq.  ii.  8. 

BEH.    Bent;  inclined.     (A.-S.) 

BEHALT.     Beheld.     Weber. 

BEHALVE.    Half;  side,  or  part.    (A.-S.) 

BEHAPPEN.     Perhaps.    Salop. 

BEHATED.  Hated;  exceedingly  hated.  The 
term  occurs  in  the  Morte  d' Arthur,  ii.  82 ; 
Stanihurst's  Description  of  Ireland,  pp.  34, 44  j 
Palsgrave's  Acolastus,  1540.  It  is  the  syno- 
nyme  of  lialy,  and  translated  by  exosus  in 
Prompt.  Parv.  p.  222,  the  former  of  which  has 
no  connexion  with  A.-S.  healic.  See  Holy. 

BEHAVE.  To  manage ;  to  govern,  generally  in 
point  of  behaviour.  "The  substantive  behaviour 
seems  used  in  a  collateral  sense  in  King  John, 
LI. 

BEHEARD.  Heard.  See  Percy's  Reliques, 
p.  23  ;  Robin  Hood,  i.  123. 

Ful  wel  beherd  now  schall  it  be, 
And  also  beloved  in  many  centre. 

MS.  C.  C.  C.  C.  80. 

BE-HELIED.  Covered.  (^.-S.)  See  Ellis's 
Met.  Rom.  ii.  258;  Richard  Goer  de  Lion,  5586. 

BE-HERTE.  By  heart;  with  memory.  Prompt. 
Parv. 

BEHEST.  (1)  A  promise.  (A.-S.)  See  Chaucer, 


BEJ 


160 


BEL 


Cant  T.  4461 ;  Maundevile's  Travels,  p.  1 ; 
Harrowing  of  Hell,  p.  27,  spelt  byhihstes. 
(2)  An  order ;  a  command. 
BEHETE.    To  promise.    (A.-S.)    See  Chaucer, 
Cant.  T.  1856  ;  Chester  Plays,  i.  31. 

The  empcrowrs  modur  let  calle  a  knave, 
And  hym  behett  grete  mecle  to  have. 

MS.  Cantab.  Ff.  ii.  38,  f.  83. 
He  had  a  quene  that  hyghte  Margaret,  ^ 
Trewe  as  stele,  y  yow  behett.  Ibid.  f.  7l« 

BEHEWE.     Coloured.  (A.-S.) 
BEHIGHTE.   To  promise.  (A.-S.)    Behighten, 
pa.  t.  pL,  Chaucer,  Cant.  T.  11639;  Maunde- 
vile's  Travels,  p.  3. 
BEHINT.     Behind,     North. 
BE  HITHER.     On  this  side.      Sussex.     It  is 
also  an  archaism.   See  Nares,  in  v.   Somerset- 
shire carters  say  tether  to  their  horses,  when 
they  wish    them    to    move  towards    their 
side. 

BEHOLDINGNESS.     Obligation.     Webster. 
BE-HONGYD.    Hung  with  tapestry.     Weber. 
BEHOOVEFULL.  Useful ;  profitable.  See  Hey- 
wood's  Apology  for  Actors,  1612  ;  Brit.  Bibl. 
i.  20.     Ash  gives  the  form  behoovable. 
BEHOTYN.     To  promise.     Prompt.  Parv. 
BEHOTYNGE.     Promising.     Maundevile. 
BEHOUNCED.     Finely  dressed;  smart  with 
finery.    Essex.    Kennett  says  "  ironically  ap- 
plied," MS.  Lansd.  1033. 
BEHOVE.     Behoof;  advantage.     (A.-S.) 
Her  beginneth  the  Prikke  of  Love 
That  profitable  is  to  soule  behove. 

Vernon  MS.  f.  265. 

BEHOVELY.    Profitable.   (A.-S.)    See  Troilus 
and  Creseide,  ii.  261. 

It  is  behovely  for  to  here. 

MS.  Sac.  Antiq.  134,  f.  53. 

BEHUNG.    Hung  about,  as  a  horse  with  bells. 

Kennett,  MS.  Lansd.  1033. 
BEUL    Both.    (A.-S.) 

Agein  to  bataille  thei  wente, 
And  foughten  harde  togidere  beie, 
Never  on  of  other  ne  stod  eie.    Otuel,  p.  47. 
BEIGH.    A  jewel;  an  ornament.   (A.-S.)    This 
word,  which    occurs   under  various    forms,  • 
sometimes  has  the  signification  of  a  ring,  a 
bracelet,  or  a  collar  for  the  neck. 
BEIGHT.  Anything  bent,  but  generally  applied 

to  the  bend  of  the  elbow.    North. 
BEILD.  (1)  See  Beld. 

Land  o  live,  o  ro  and  rest, 
Wit  blis  and  beild  broiden  best. 

MS.  Cott.  respas.  A.  iii.  f.  7- 

(2)  A  handle.     JorJesh. 
BEILDIT.    Imaged ;  formed.     Gaw. 
BEING.  (1)  Because.     Var.  dial 
(2)  An  abode ;  a  lodging.    East. 
BEINGE.     Condition.     Weler. 
BEIRE.  (1)  Of  both.     Rob.  Glouc. 
(2)  Bare.    Ibid. 

BE  JADE.    To  weary ;  to  tire.     Milton. 
BEJAPE.    To  ridicule,  make  game  of.    (A.-S.) 
See  Chaucer,  Cant.  T.  16853;  Troilus  and 
Creseide,i.  532;  v.  1119. 

But  covertly  ye  of  your  dewbilnes 
Brjapen  hem  thus,  al  day  ben  men  blyndyd. 

MS,  Fairfax  16. 


He  was  lest  worth  in  lovis  ye, 
And  most  bejapid  in  his  witte. 

Gower,  MS.  Soc.  Antiq.  134,  f.  5$ 

BEK.     To  beckon.     (A.-S.) 

That  he  fele  on  his  hors  nek, 
»  Him  to  heveden  thai  gan  to  bek. 

Arthuur  and  Merlin,  p.  193. 

BEKE.  The  brim  of  a  hat  or  hood ;  anything 
standing  out  firm  at  the  bottom  of  a  covering 
for  the  head.  The  term  has  not  yet  been 
explained.  The  above  is  conjectural  from  the 
passages  in  which  the  word  occurs  in  Strutt, 
ii.  212;  Planche,  p.  231;  Rutland  Papers, 
p.  6  ;  Brit.  Bibl.  iv.  27. 

BEKEANDE.  Warming ;  sweating.  Ritson.  See 
Ywaine  and  Gawin,  1459;  bekynge,  Morte 
d'Arthur,  i.  139. 
BEKENE.    A  beacon.     (A.-S.) 
BEKENEDEN.    Beckoned.     WicMffe. 
BE-KENNE.     To  commit  to.    (A.-S.) 

This  lettie  be-kende  Alexander  to  the  knyghtis  of 
Darius,  and  the  peper  also,  and  bad  thame  bere 
thame  to  the  emperour;  and  he  gaffe  thame  grete 
gyftes  and  liche,  and  sent  thjme  furthe. 

MS.  Lincoln  A.  i.  17,  f ,  9t 
And  thou,  his  derlyng, 
His  modir  in  kepyng 

To  the  he  be-kende.  Ibid,  f.  231. 

BEKERE.    To  skirmish ;  to  fight.    Spelt  before 
in  Syr  Gawayne,  another  form  of  bicker.    See 
also  Prompt.  Parv.  p.  36. 
BE  KINS.     Because.     Dorset. 
BEKKYS.     Begs.     Towneky  Myst. 
BEKNE.    A  beacon.    Prompt.  Parv. 
BEKNOWE.      To   acknowledge;    to   confess. 
(A.S.)     See  Catalogue  of  Douce  MSS.  p.  7  ; 
Chaucer,  Cant.  T.  1558,  5306 ;  Richard  Goer 
de   Lion,  1700 ;  Amis  and  Amiloun,  1279 ; 
Octovian,  1810.     See  Bi-Jcnowen. 
And  thanne,  yf  y  be  for  to  wite, 
I  wolle  beknoiven  what  it  is. 

Gower,  MS.  Soc.  Anttq.  134,  f.  49. 

BEKNYNGE.    A  beckoning.    Prompt.  Parv. 
BEKUR.     Fight ;  battle ;  sldrmish. 

And  yf  he  myght  of  hym  be  sekure, 
Odur  in  batell  or  in  bekur. 

MS.  Cantab.  Ff.  ii.  38,  f.  217. 
And  jyf  y  fle  that  yche  leTcyr, 
Y  hope  than  y  may  be  sekyr. 

MS.  Harl.  1701,  f.  52, 

BEL.     Beautiful.     (A.-N.} 

BELACOIL.    A  friendly  reception.     Spenser. 

Chaucer  has  Malacoit,  q.  v. 
BELAFTE.    Left ;  remained. 

As  hyt  was  Goddys  owne  wylle, 
Thelyenas  belafte  the  chylde  stylle. 

MS.  Cantab.  Ff.  ii.  38,  f.  84. 
Whan  he  for  luste  his  God  refuseth, 
And  took  him  to  the  develis  crafte, 
Lo  what  profit  him  is  belafte. 

Gower,  MS,  Soc.Antiq.  134,  f.  191. 
BELAGGED.    Tired. 

BE-LAGGYD.  Dirtied;  wetted.  Prompt. Parv. 
BELAM.    To  beat.     See  Cotgrave  in  v.  Cha- 
peron; Famous  Victories,  p.  320. 

A  country  lad  had  stept  aside  with  a  wench,  and 
done  I  know  not  what ;  but  his  father  mainly  be- 
lamb'd  him  for  the  fact,  the  wench  prooving  after- 
ward with  child. 

Wit?}  Fittest  and  Fancies,  1595,  p.  146. 


BEL 


161 


BEL 


BELAMOUR.     A  fair  lover.     Spenser.  \ 

BEL-AMY.  Fair  friend.  (A.-N.)  See  Harts-  i 
home's  Met.  Tales,  p.  107 ;  Chester  Plays, 
i.  151;  Wright's  Pol.  Songs,  p.  200;  Towne- 
ley  Mysteries,  p.  70 ;  Chaucer,  Cant.  T. 
12252;  Ywaine and  Gawin,  278;  SirTristrem, 
p.  161 ;  Hob.  Glouc.  p.  390. 

Belamy>  he  seyde,  how  longe 
Shel  thy  folye  y-laste  ? 

MS.  Coll.  Tiin.  Oron.  57 
Belamye,  and  thou  cowdyst  hyt  layne, 
A  cownselle  y  wolcle  to  the  sayne. 

MS.  Cantab.  Ff.  ii.  33,  f.  63. 
BELAPPED.     Surrounded. 

Owte  of  the  wode  they  came  anon, 
And  belapped  us  everychon. 

MS.  Cantab.  Ff.  ii.  38,  f.  195. 

BELAST.    Bound. 

The  seid  James  Skidmore  is  belast  and  -withholden 

toward  the  seid  Sir  James  for  an  hole  yeer  to  do  him 

service  of  werre  in  the  perties  of  France  and  of 

Normandie.     Arch.  xvii.  214. 

BELATED.     Benighted.     Milton.     Generally 

retarded.     See  Miege,  in  v. 
BELAVE.     To  remain.     (A.~S.) 

For  nought  Bcves  nolde  belave, 
The  beter  hors  a  wolde  have. 

Beves  of  Hamtount  p.  70. 

BELAY.  (1)  To  fasten.    A  sea  term. 

The  master  shewyng  us  that  by  neglygens  of  some 
to  belay  the  haylers,  the  mayn  yerd  had  fawln  down 
and  lyke  to  have  kyld  three  or  four.  JUS.  Addit.  5008. 

(2)  To  flog.     Northampt. 

BELAYE.     To  surround.    Rot.  Glouc. 

BELAYED.     Covered.    Spenser. 

BELCH.  (1)  Small  beer.     Yorfah. 

(2)  To  remove  the  indurated  dung  from  sheep's 
tails.  Somerset. 

BEL-CHOS.  Pudendum  feminse.  (^.-JV.)  See 
a  curious  account  in  MS.  Addit.  12195,  f. 
158  j  Chaucer,  Cant.  T.  6029,  6092. 

BELCHYN.     To  decorate.    Prompt.  Parv. 

BELCONE.     A  balcony. 

BELDAME.  A  grandmother,  Formerly  a  term 
of  respect.  Spenser  uses  it  in  its  original 
French  signification,  fair  lady.  Kennett,  MS. 
Lansd.  1033,  "  an  old  woman  that  lives  to  see 
a  sixth  generation  descended  from  her." 

BELDE.  (1)  Protection;  shelter;  refuge.  (A-S.) 
See  Le  Bone  Florence  of  Rome,  1721;  Sir 
Perceval,  1412,  1413,  1921 ;  Minot's  Poems, 
p.  27.     Still  in  use  in  the  North. 
For  thou  myghte  in  thaire  bale 
Beste  be  thaire  belde. 

MS.  Lincoln  A.  i.  17,  f.  233. 

(2)  To  protect ;  to  defend.     See  Ywaine  and 
Gawin,  1220 ;  Lay  le  Freine,  231.    Perhaps 
in  the  last  instance  to  encourage.   Sometimes 
spelt  fylde,  as  in  Sir  E glamour,  3. 

(3)  Bold.  (A.-S.)    See  Lybeaus  Disconus,  2123; 
KyngAlisaunder,  5004. 

(4)  Build;    natural  strength.      "Stronge  of 
belde,"  strongly  built,  as  we  say  of  persons 
Strongly  formed  by  nature.    Mr.  Utterson's 
explanation,  i.  164,  is  quite  right,* although 
questioned  in  the  new  edition  of --Boucher. 
"  To  belde,"  to  increase  in  size  and  strength. 


Bl  a  childe  of  litil  belde 
Overcomen  I  am  in  myn  elde. 
Cursor  Mundi,  MS.  Coll.  Trin.  Cantab,  t.  ?& 
Phys  raayde  wax  and  bygan  to  belde 
TVeyl  ynto  womans  elde. 

MS,  Hart.  170),  f.  64. 

(5)  To  build ;  hence,  to  inhabit. 

Whenne  cure   saules  schalle  parte,  and  sundyre  ffra 

tne  Doay 

Ewyre  to  belde  and  to  byde  in.  blysse  wyth  hymeselvene. 
Morte  Arthurs,  MS.  Lincoln  A.  i.  17,  f,53. 
In  Sedoyne  in  that  riche  contree, 
Thare  dare  na  mane  belde  nor  be» 
For  dowt  of  a  bare. 

MS.  Lincoln  A.  i.  17,  f.  140. 

(6)  Formed  ? 

But  cowardly,  with  royall  hoste  hym  beld, 
Upon  hym  came  all  sodeinly  to  fight. 

Hardy ng's  Chronicle,  f.  147. 

BELDER.    To  roar ;  to  bellow.    North.    Bel* 
derer,  a  roarer. 

BELDYNG.   Building.   (A.-S.} 

BELE.  (1)  Fair ;  good,  (A.-N.)   See  the  Archze* 
ologia,  xxiii.  342. 

(2)  Bad  conduct.  Line. 

BELEAKINS.   By  the  Lady  kin !   North. 

BELEAWD.  Betrayed.    Verstegan. 

BELE-CHEBE.  Good  company.  (A.-N.) 

BELEDDY.  By  our  Lady!  leic. 

BELEE.  To  shelter.  Shalt. 

BELEF.  A  badge?    Gaw. 

BELEVAND.   Kemaining,  i.  e.  alive.    See  Tor- 
rent of  Portugal,  359.    (A.-S.) 

BELEVE.  Belief.   (A.-S.)    See  Chaucer,  Cant. 
T.  3456  ;  Dodsley,  xii.  335. 

BELEVED.  Left.   Chaucer. 

BELEVENESSE.   Faith.  Prompt.  Parv. 

BELEWYNGE.  The  belling  of  the  hart. 

And  thei  syngeth  in  thaire  langage  that  yn 
Englonde  hunters  ealle  belewynge,  as  men  that 
loveth  paramoures.  MS.  Hodl.  546. 

BELEYN.  Besieged. 

Whan  nobille  Troy  was  beleyn 
And  overcome,  and  home  a^en 
The  Grekis  tumid  fro  the  sege. 

Cower,  MS.  Soc.  Anttq.  134,  f.96. 
Aboute  Thebes,  where  he  lay, 
Whanne  it  of  siege  was  bele.vn.      Hid.  f.  51. 
BELFRY.  (1)  A  temporary  shed  for  a  cart  or 
waggon  in  the  fields  or  by  the  road  side,  hav- 
ing an  upright  post  at  each  of  the  four  corn- 
ers, and  covered  at  the  top  with  straw,  goss, 
&c.   Line.  This  word,  which  is  curious  for  its 
connexion  with  terfrey^  was  given  me  by  the 
Rev.  James  Adcock  of  Lincoln. 
(2)  Apparently  part  of  a  woman's  dress,  men- 
tioned in  Lydgate's  Minor  Poems,  p.  201. 
BELG.   To  bellow.  Somerset* 
BELGARDS.   Beautiful  looks.   Spenser. 
BELGRANDFATHER,    A  great  great  granck 

father. 

BELIER.  Just  now.  Somerset. 
BELIKE.  Certainly ;  likely ;  perhaps.  Var.dial. 

Bishop  Hall  has  lelikely 
BELIME.   To  ensnare.  Dent. 
BE-LITTER.  To  bring  forth  a  child.  Itistrans-* 

lated  by  enfaunter  in  Reliq.  Antiq.  ii.  78. 
BELIVB.  (1)  In  the  evening.   North.  This  ex* 

11 


BEL 


162 


BEL 


planation  is  given  by  Ray,  Meritou,  and  the 

•writer  of  a  letter  dated  March  13th,  1697, 

in  MS.  Lansd.  1033. 
(2)  Quickly;  immediately;  presently.  A  common 

term  in  early  English. 
BELKE.  To  belch.  North.  See  Towneley  Myst. 

p.  314  ;  Dent's  Pathway,  p.  139  ;  Elyot,  in  v. 

Erncto,  "  to  lealke  or  breake  wynde  oute  of 

the  stomake." 

BELKING.  Lounging-  at  length.   Line. 
BELL.   (1)   A  roupie  at  the  tip  of  the  nose. 

Palsgrave. 

(2)  The  cry  of  the  hart.    See  Hunter's  Hallam- 
shire  Glossary,  p.  11.    It  is,  properly  speak- 
ing, the  cry  made  by  that  animal  at  rutting 
time. 

(3)  To  swell.  See  a  curious  charm  in  Pettigrew 
on  Medical  Superstitions,  p.  80 ;    Beves  of 
Hamtoun,  p.  102  ;  Legendse  Catholicse,  p.  231. 

(4)  Bell,  book,  and  candle ;  the  form  of  excom- 
munication in  the  church  of  Rome,  ending  by 
closing  the  book  against  the  offender,  extin- 
guishing the  candle,  and  ringing  the  bell. 
Hence  the  oath.     See  Reliq.   Antiq.  i.   1  ; 
Ywaine  and  Gawin,  3023. 

(5)  "  To  bear  the  bell,"  a  common  phrase  mean- 
ing to  carry  off  the  prize.    See  Cov.  Myst. 
p.  189;  Troilus  and  Creseide,  iii.  199. 

BELLAKIN.   Bellowing.   North. 

BELL  AND.    This  word  is  used  in  two  senses, 

1.  applied  to  ore  when  reduced  to  powder ; 

2.  its  pernicious  effects  on  men  and  animals 
by  their  imbibing  the  small  particles  of  ore. 
North. 

BELLARMIN.   A  burlesque  word  used  amongst 

drinkers  to  express  a  stout  bottle  of  strong 

drink.     Miege. 

BELLART.  A  bear-leader.   Chest. 
BELL-BIT.    The  bit  of  a  bridle  made  in  the 

form  of  a  bell.    Miege. 
BELLE.  (1)  A  mantle?    See  Wright's  Seven 

Sages,  pp.  78, 84 ;  Anecd.  Lit.  p.  12  ;  Awnturs 

of  Arthure,  xxix.  3. 

(2)  To  roar.   (A.-S.) 

(3)  A  clock.    Cov.  Myst. 

(4)  A  bonfire.    Gaw. 

BELLE-BLOME.  The  daffodil.  (A.-N.)  Still 
called  the  bellflower  in  some  counties. 

BELLE-CHERE.   Good  cheer.  (A.-N.) 

BELtEN.  To  swell.  See  BetL 

BELLE3ETER.  A  bell-founder.  Prompt.  Parv. 

BELLIBONE,   A  fair  maid.   Spenser. 

BELLIBORION.    A  kind  of  apple.  East. 

B-ELLICAL.  Warlike.   (Lai.) 

BELLICH.  Well.  See  an  old  glossary  in  ROD. 
Glouc.  p.  647.  Fairly? 

BELLICON.  One  addicted  to  the  pleasures  of 
the  table.  North. 

BELLICOUS.  Warlike.   Smith. 

BELLIN.   To  roar;  to  bellow.  North. 

BELLITUDE.   Fairness.    (Lot.) 

BELL-KITE.    A  protuberant  body.   North. 

BELLMAN.  A  watchman.  Part  of  his  office 
was  to  bless  the  sleepers  in  the  houses  that  he 
passed,  which  was  often  done  in  verse,  and 
hence  our  bellman's  verses. 


BELLOCK.    To  bellow,  when  beaten  or  fright- 

ened.    Var.  dial. 

BELLONED.  Asthmatic.  North. 
BELLOSE.     Warlike.     (Lot.) 
BELLOWFARMER.    A  person  who  had  the 

care  of  organs,  regals,  &c. 
BELLRAG.     To  scold.     Jfferefordsh. 
BELLRAGGES.     A  species  of  water-cresses, 

mentioned  by  Elyot,  in  v.  Laver. 
BELLS.     •'  Give  her  the  bells,  and  let  her  fly." 

an  old  proverb  taken  from  hawking,  meaning 

that  when  a  hawk  is  good  for  nothing,  the 

bells  are  taken  off,  and  it  is  suffered  to  escape ; 

applied  to  the  dismissal  of  any  one  that  the 

owner  has  no  longer  occasion  for.     See  Reliq. 

Antiq.  i.  27 ;  Patient  Grissel,  p.  16. 
BELL-SOLLER.   The  loft  in  a  church  on  which 

ringers  stand.     North. 
BELL-WEDDER.    A  fretful  child.    North. 
BELLY.  (1)  The  widest  part  of  the  vein  of  a 

mine.     North. 

2)  A  whale.    (But.) 

3)  Carr  gives  the  Craven  phrase,  "  belly-go- 
lake  thee,"  take  thy  fill,  indulge  thy  appetite. 

BELLYATERE.  A  bellfounder.    Prompt.  Parv. 

BELLY-BAND.  A  girth  to  secure  a  cart-saddle. 
North. 

BELLYCHE.    Fairly.     (A.-N.) 

BELLYCHEAT.    An  apron.    Ash. 

BELLY-CLAPPER.  A  dinner  bell?  See  Flo- 
rio,  in  v.  Battdglio,  Battifdlle. 

BELLY-FRIEND.  An  insincere  friend ;  a  per- 
son who  pretends  friendship  for  purposes  of 
his  own.  Miege. 

BELLY-GOD.     A  glutton ;  an  epicure. 

BELLY-HARM.  The  cholic.  Belly-holding,  a 
crying  out  in  labour.  Devon. 

BELL"?- NAKED.  Entirely  naked.  See  the 
Basyn,  xix. ;  Cotgrave,  in  v.  Fin,  Tout ;  Frier 
and  the  Boy,  ap.  Ritson,  p.  49. 

I  am  ail  together  lefte  bare,  or  I  am  lefte  starke 

tiely-naked,   or  lefte  as  naked  as  my'nayle,    sory 

wretche  that  I  ain !     Wyll  ye  not  leave  me  a  lyttell 

garment,  or  a  sory  wede,  to  hyde  my  tayle  withal. 

Acolastus,  1540. 

BELLY-PIECE.  A  thin  part  of  a  carcase  near 
thebeUy.  North. 

BELLYS.    Bellows. 

BELLY-SHOT.  A  term  applied  to  cattle,  ac- 
cording to  Kennett,  MS.  Lansd.  1033,  "  when 
cattle  in  the  winter,  for  want  of  warmth  and 
good  feeding,  have  their  guts  shrunk  up." 

BELLY-TIMBER.  Food.  Var.  dial.  Scott 
puts  this  word  into  the  mouth  of  a  distin- 
guished eupbmst,  Monastery,  ed.  1830,  i. 
222.  f 

BELLY-VENGEANCE.   Small  beer.    Var.  dial 

BELLY-WANT.    A  belly-band.     Hants. 

BELLY-WARK.    The  cholic.    North. 

BELOKE.    Fastened ;  locked.     (A.-S.) 
And  how  in  grave  he  was  beloke, 
And  how  that  he  hath  hells  broke. 

Gowei;  MS.  Sf>c.  Antiq.  134,  f.  83. 

BELOKED.  Beheld.  Octovian,  1046. 
BELONGINGS.  Endowments.  Shale. 
BELOOK.  To  weep.  Beds. 
BELOUKE.  To  fasten;  to  lock  up. 


BEM 


163 


BEN 


It  occurs  in  this  sense  in  MS.  Cott.  Vespas.  D. 
vii.,  but  perhaps  to  perceive  inBeves  of  Ham- 
toun,  p.  60. 

BELOWT.    To  abuse  roughly. 

BEL-PEROPIS.     Fairjewels.    Skinner. 

BELSCHYD.    Decorated.    Prompt.  Pare. 

BELSH.    Rubbish ;  sad  stuff.    Line. 

BEL-SHAN GLES.  A  cant  term,  used  by  Kemp, 
in  his  Nine  Daies  Wonder,  1600,  where  he 
mentions  himself  as  "  head-master  of  Morrice- 
dauncers,  high  head-borough  of  heighs,  and 
onely  tricker  of  your  trill-lilies,  and  best  del- 
shangles  betweene  Sion  and  mount  Surrey." 

BELSIRE.  A  grandfather;  an  ancestor.  (A.-N.} 

BELSIZE.     Bulky ;  large.    East. 

BEL-SWAGGER.  A  swaggerer ;  a  bully.  Ac- 
cording to  Ash,  a  whoremaster,  who  also  gives 
the  term  belly  swagger,  "  a  bully,  a  hectoring 
fellow." 

BELT.  (1)  To  beat;  to  castigate.    Salop. 

(2)  To  shear  the  buttocks  and  tails  of  sheep. 

Midland  C. 
3)  Built.     Yorteh. 

An  axe.    Prompt.  Pans. 

(5)  A  course  of  stones  projecting  from  a  wall. 
Britton. 

BELT  AN.  The  first  of  May.  North.  Kennett, 
MS.  Lansd.  1033,  gives  the  proverb,  "  You'l 
have  wor  bodes  ere  Belton."  The  ceremonies 
of  the  beltan  were  kept  up  in  Cumberland  in 
the  last  century,  but  are  now  discontinued.  A 
full  account  of  them  will  be  found  in  Jamieson. 

BELTER.    A  prostitute.    North. 

BELUTED.    Covered  with  mud.    Sterne. 

BELYE.   (1)   To  drink  greedily.    North. 

(2)  To  roar ;  to  bellow.  Somerset.  In  old  Eng- 
lish, we  have  belwe,  as  in  Piers  Ploughman, 
p.  222. 

BELWORT.  The  name  of  a  herb.  In  MS.  Sloane 
5,  f.  3,  the  Latin  name  given  is  acandus,  and 
in  f.  8,  puUimonaria,  the  word  being  spelt 
tiellewort  in  the  latter  instance. 

BELWYNGE.  A  bellowing.  (A.-S.) 
It  schulde  seme  as  thouje  it  were 
A  belwynge  in  a  mannis  ere. 

Gower,  MS.  Soc.  Antiq.  134,  f.  214. 

BELYE  S.    Bellows.    (A.-S.) 

And  alle  this  undir  the  bynke  thay  thraste, 
And  with  thayre  belyes  thay  blewe  ful  faste. 

MS.  Lincoln  A.  i.  17,  f.  128. 

BELYKLYHOD.    Probability. 

Thow  may  her  a  tale  full  badly  told, 
And  of  a  goodly  man  belyklyhod  of  chere. 

MS.  Laud.  416,  f.  39. 

BELYMMED.    Disfigured.    SJcelton. 
BELYNG.    Suppuration.    See  BeaL 
BEM.    Abeam;  a  pillar. 
In  lem  of  cloude  ich  ladde  the, 
And  to  Pylate  thou  laddest  me.  Reliq.  Antiq.  ii.  226. 
BEMANGLE.    To  mutilate. 
BEMASED.     Stunned;  astounded. 
He  rose  up,  as  I  saye  nowe, 
And  lefte  us  lyinge  I  wote  nere  howe, 
Al  bemased  in  a  soune, 
As  we  hade  bene  sticked  swyne. 

Chester  Plays,  ii.  93, 


BEME.   (1)   Bohemia.  (A.-S.)      See  Minot's 
Poems,  p.  16;    Skelton,  ii.  340;   Planche's 
Costume,  p.  163. 
(2)  A  trumpet.  (A.-S.) 
BEMEENE.    To  mean. 

Lady,  they  seyde,  Hevyn  quene, 
What  may  all  thys  sorowe  bemeene  9 

MS.  Cantab.  Ff.  ii.  38,  f.  189. 

BEMEN.    Trumpets.   (A.-S.) 

BEMENE.  To  lament ;  to  pity.  (A.-S.)  See 
Ellis's  Met.  Rom.  ii.  14,  iii.  123. 

BE-METE.    To  measure.    Shdk. 

BEMOIL.    To  dirt)-;  to  soil.    Shah 

BEMOISTEN.  To  moisten.  See  the  Brit. 
Bibl.  iii.  ad  fin.  p.  xxxvi. 

BE  MOLE.  A  term  in  music,  B  molle,  soft  or 
flat.  The  word  occurs  in  Skelton,  and  also 
in  a  curious  poem  on  music,  in  Reliq.  Antiq. 
i.  292.  Bemy,  Reliq.  Antiq.  i.  83,  has  appa- 
rently the  same  meaning. 

BEMONSTER.    To  make  monstrous.    Skak. 

BEMOOKED.    Dirtied;  defiled.    Palsgrave. 

BEMOONYD.    Pitied.   (A.~S.) 

Gye  ys  moche  bemoonyd  of  all, 
In  the  erlys  cowrte  and  in  the  kyngys  halle. 
MS.  Cantab.  Ff.  ii.  38,  f.  148. 

BE-MOTHERED.    Concealed? 
BEMUSED.    Dreaming;  intoxicated. 
BEN.  (1)  Prompt ;  ready.     Gaw. 

(2)  Oil  of  Ben,  an  ointment  formerly  in  great 
repute;  benzoin.      See  Dodsley,  xii.   236; 
Nomenclator,  p.  95 ;  Cotgrave  in  v. Muscellin; 
Howell,  in  v.  Acorn  ;  Plorio,  in  v.  Asset  dolce. 

(3)  Bees.  (4.-S.) 

So  faste  hii  gonne  aboute  him  scheve, 
Ase  don  6en  aboute  the  heve. 

JBeves  of  Hamtottn,  p.  56. 

(4)  To  be.  (A.-S.)     Ben  is  the  pres.  pi.  and 
part.  pa.  of  this  verb. 

(5)  Goods.   Rob.  Glouc. 

(6)  Well;  good.    Weber. 

(7)  In;  into.     YorfoJi. 

(8)  The  "  true  ben,"  the  utmost  stretch  or  bend. 
Exmoor. 

(9)  The  truth.  Devon. 

(10)  A  figure  set  on  the  top  of  the  last  load  of 
the  harvest  immediately  in  front,  dressed  up 
with  ribbons,  &c.  as  a  sort  of  Ceres.    Norf. 

BENAR.  Better.  An  old  cant  term.  See 
Dodsley,  vi.  109 ;  Earle's  Microcosmography, 
p.  255. 

BENATURE.  A  vessel  containing  the  holy 
water.  William  Bruges,  Garter  King  of  Arms, 
1449,  bequeaths  "  a  gret  holy-water  scoppe 
of  silver,  with  a  staff  denature',  the  said  dena- 
ture and  staff  weyng  xx.  nobles  in  plate  and 
more,"  Test.  Vetust.  p.  266. 

BEN-BAUFE.  An  old  cant  term,  occurring  ID 
the  Roaring  Girl,  1611. 

BENCH.  A  widow's  bench,  a  share  of  the 
husband's  estate  which  a  woman  enjoys  be- 
sides her  jointure.  Simea?.  See  Kennett's 
Glossary,  MS.  Lansd.  1033. 

BENCHED.  Furnished  with  benches.  Chaucer. 

BENCHER.  An  idler  j  a  person  who  spends 
his  time  on  ale-house  benches. 


BEN 


16-1 


BEN 


5ENCH-FLOOR.  In  the  coal  mines  of  Wed- 
nesbury  in  Staffordshire,  the  sixth  parting  or 
laming  in  the  body  of  the  coal  is  called  the 
bench-floor,  2^  ft.  thick.  Kennett,  MS.  Lansd. 

BENCH-HOLE.  The  hole  in  a  bench,  ad  le- 
vanclum  alvum.  See  Makme's  Shakespeare, 
xii.  353  ;  Webster's  Works,  iii.  254. 

BENCH-TABLE.  A  low  stone  seat  round  the 
inside  of  the  walls  of  a  church.  This  term  is 
found  only  in  the  contract  for  the  Fothering- 
gay  church,  printed  by  Dugdalc. 

BENCH-WHISTLER-.  A  sottish  rollicksome 
idler,  who  spends  his  time  chiefly  on  the  ale- 
house bench.  The  term  occurs  in  Stanihurst's 
Description  of  Ireland,  p.  24,  and  also  in 
Kemp's  Nine  Dales  Wonder,  1GOO ;  Lydgate's 
Minor  Poems,  p.  170. 

BEND.  (1)  A  baud  of  men.  Line.  It  occurs 
in  Huloet,  1552;  Cooper,  in  v.  Grex ;  Arch, 
xxviii.  99. 

(2)  A  "  lace  bend"  is  described  as  "  round  of 
eight  bowes"  in  a  curious  IMS.  quoted  by 
Strutt,  ii.  98. 

(3)  Strong  ox  leather,  tanned  with  bark  and 
other  ingredients,  which  give  it  a  blue  cast. 
North. 

(4)  A  semicircular  piece  of  iron  used  as  part  of 
a  horse's  harness  to  hold  up  the  chains  when 
ploughing. 

(5)  Indurated  clay.    North. 

(6)  The  "border  of  a  woman's  cap.    North.    It 
is  also  a  term  for  a  handkerchief,  and  Skinner 
explains  it,  "  muffler,  kercher  or  cawl." 

(7)  A  bond ;  anything  which  binds.    (A.-S.) 
BENDE.  (1)  A  "band  or  bandage ;  a  horizontal 

stripe.     (A.-N.) 

(2)  Bondage.    See  Amis  and  Amiloun,  1233 ; 
Lybeaus  Discomis,  252. 

Swete  Fader,  wath  me  is  wo, 

I  may  not  bringe  the  out  of  bende. 

MS.  Jddit.  11307,  f-  109. 

(3)  Bent ;  put  down.     Gaw. 
BENDED.  Bound,    Maundevile. 
BENDEL.    A  band ;  a  stripe.   (A.-N.)   Steven- 
son, a  "bendlet. 

BENDING-.     Striping;  making  of  bands,   or 

stripes.     Chaucer. 

BEND-LEATHER.  A  leather  thong,  according 
to  Kennett,  MS.  Lansd.  1033.   Boucher  says, 
.   "  what  is  elsewhere  called  sole-leather."'    A 
strong  infusion  of  malt  is  said  to  be  a  neces- 
sary ingredient  in  the  tanning  of  bend-leather. 
BENDSFULL.    Bundles. 

The  frere  he  had  bot  barly  stro, 
Two  thalce  bendsfull  without  no, 

Brit.  BibL  iv.  86. 

BENDWARE.     Hardware,     Staffordsh. 
BENE.  (1)  To  be.     (A.-S,} 

(2)  Well ;  fair  j  good.     Gaw.    Not  quickly,  as 
in  the  additions  to  Boucher.     See  Robson's 
Met.  Rom.  pp.  3,  14,  25.    It  is  a  cant  term 
in  the  same  sense,  as  in  Earle's  Microc.  p.  253. 

(3)  A  bean.    (A.-S.)    In  the  following  passage 
allusion  is  made  to  a  game  so  called. 

Harlottes  falleth  to  stonde  on  the  flore, 
And  pley  som  tyme  ate  spore, 


At  the  bane  and  at  the  cat, 
A  foul  play  holde  y  that 

KS.  Eodl.  48,  f.  174. 

(4)  Bane ;  destruction.     Lang  f  off. 

(5)  A  prayer ;  a  request.    (d.-S.)    North  eoun- 
try   nurses   say  to    children,    "  clap  bene," 
meaning,  join  your  hands  together  to  ask  a 
blessing,  to  pray.     Cf.  Reliq.  Antiq.  i.  113; 
Wright's  Lyric  Poetry,  p.  92  j  Ritson's  Songs, 
i.  02. 

BENE  APED.  Left  aground  by  the  ebb  of  the 
spring  tides,  South. 

BENE  DAY.  A  prayer-day,  conjectured  to  be 
synonymous  with  A.-S.  bentiid,  the  rogation 
days. 

BBNEDICITE.  An  exclamation,  answering  to 
our  Bless  us  I  Ii  was  often  pronounced  as  a 
trysillable,  Bencite  !  (Lat.)  Benste  occurs  in 
the  Towneley  Mysteries,  p.  85. 

BENEDICTION-POSSET.  The  sack-posset 
which  was  eaten  on  the  evening  of  the  wed- 
ding day,  just  before  the  company  retired. 
See  Brand's  Pop.  Antiq.  ii.  109. 

BENEFICE.  A  benefit.  Hoccleve.  In  Har- 
rington's Nugae  Antiquae,  i.  63,  we  have  bene- 
Jiciallnes,  beneficence. 

BENEFIT.  A  living  ;  a  benefice.  North.  Ash 
has  beneficial  in  the  same  sense. 

BENEME.    To  take  away;  to  deprive.    (A.-S.} 
For  fchou  benemest  me  thilke  jifte, 
Whiche  lyeth  noujt  in  thy  nayjte  to  schifte. 

Cower,  MS,  Soc.  Antiq.  134,  f.  03. 

BENEMERENT.    Well  deserving.     (Lat.) 

BENE  MPT.    Named ;  called.     Spenser. 

BENERTH.  The  service  which  the  tenant  owed 
the  landlord  by  plough  and  cart,  so  called  in 
Kent.  See  Lambarde's  Perambulation,  ed. 
1596,  p.  212. 

BE  NET.  One  of  the  orders  in  the  Roman  Ca- 
tholic church,  the  exorcista,  who  cast  out 
evil  spirits  by  imposition  of  hands  and  asper- 
sion of  holy  water.  Prompt.  Parv. 

BENETHE.    To  begin.     Cov.  Myst. 

BENETOIRE.  A  cavity  or  small  hole  in  the 
wall  of  a  church,  generally  made  near  the 
door,  as  a  receptacle  for  the  vessel  that  con- 
tained the  holy  water.  Boucher.  See  also 
Benature. 

BENEYOLENCE.  A  voluntary  gratuity  given 
by  the  subjects  to  the  king.  Blount. 

BENEWID.     Enjoyed.     (^.-£) 

The  presence  every  day  benewid, 
He  was  with^iftis  alle  besnewid. 

Gou-er,  MS.  Soc.  Antiq.  134,  f.  186. 

BENEWITH.    The  woodbine.     Prompt.  Parv. 

BENEYDE.    Conveyed. 

BENGE.     To  drink  deeply.    Somerset. 

BENGERE.    A  chest  for  corn.    Prompt.  Paw, 

BENGY.    Cloudy;  Overcast.    Essex. 

BENIGNE.    Kind.    (A.-N.} 

BENIME.    To  take  away.    (J.-S.) 

Kyng  Edgare  had  fro  them  ther  londes  bennme. 

MS.  Cantab.  Ff.  ii   38,  f.  123, 
BENINGNELI.     Kindly.    (A.-N.) 
BENISON.    Ablessing.   (A.-N.}  According  to 
Thoresby,  this  word  was  current  in  Yorkshire 


BEN 


165 


BER 


in  1703.  Cf.  Piers  Ploughman,  p.  489  ;  Chau- 
cer, Cant.  T.  9239  ;  Cov.  Myst.  p.  86  ;  Sevyn 
Sages,  3485  ;  Sir  Tristrem,  p.  200 ;  Langtoft, 
pp.  115,  143. 

BEN-JOLTRAM.  Brown  bread  soaked  in  skim- 
med milk;  the  ploughboy's  usual  breakfast. 
East. 

BENK.  A  bench.  Also  the  King's  Bench,  a 
court  of  justice.  See  Langtoft,  pp.  58?  246  ; 
Table  Book  of  Traditions,  p.  230. 

BEN-KIT.  A  large  wooden  vessel  with  a  cover 
to  it.  Line.  Thoresby  describes  it,  "  a  small 
wooden  vessel  with  a  cover  that's  loose,  and 
fitted  with  notches  to  two  prominent  lags  that 
have  a  string  through  them  to  carry  it  by." 

BEN  NET.     The  bent  grass.     Somerset.     Ac- 
cording to  an  ancient  West  country  distich — 
«<  Pigeons  never  know  no  woe 
Till  tney  a  bennettmg  do  go.1* 

BENNICK.     A  minnow.     Somerset. 

BENNYS,  Beans.  See  an  old  will  in  Test.  Ve- 
tust.  p.  507. 

BENOME.     Taken  away.    See  Benime. 

BENOTHINGED.    Diminished.    Fairfax. 

BE  NOW.    By  this  time.    North. 

BENSE.    A  cow-stall.    North. 

BENSIL.    To  beat ;  to  thrash.    North. 

BENT.  (1)  Ready.     Weber. 

(2)  A  plain ;  a  common  ;   a  field ;  a  moor  ;  so 
called  from  those  places  being  frequently 
covered  with  the  bent  grass.     \Yillan  says 
bents  are  "high  pastures  or  shelving  com- 
mons."    The  term  is  very  common  in  early 
English  poetry. 

Appone  a  bent  withowt  the  borghe, 

With  scharpe  arowes  je  schote  hym  thurghe. 

MS.  Lincoln  A.  i.  17,  f.  128. 

(3)  The  declivity  of  a  hill.  (A.-S.)    Perhaps 
this  may  be  the  meaning  in  the  Squyr  of 
Lowe  Degre,  65. 

}  Subject.     Cov.  Myst. 
5)  A  chimney.    North. 

(6)  A  long  coarse  grass,  which  chiefly  grows 
upon  the  moors.    Also  called  bent-grass.    A 
blade  of  coarse  hay  or  grass  is  called  a  bent ; 
and  Gerard  also  calls  a  bundle  of  it  a  bent. 
See  Salop.  Antiq.  p.  324  ;  Florio,  in  v.  Giun- 
c&ta;  Drayton's  Poems,  p.  185 ;  Brit.  Bibl.  i. 
212  ;  Forby,  ii.  417. 

(7)  "  Brows   bent,"  i.  e.  arched.     See  Dyce's 
notes  to  Skelton,  p.  146 ;  Rom.  of  the  Rose, 
1217. 

(8)  Form;  shape. 

My  bente  whiche  that  y  now  have 
Tille  I  be  take  into  my  grave. 

Gower,  MS.  Soc.  Antiq.  134,  f.  SO. 

BENTERS.    Debentures.     Steevem. 
BENTLES.    Dry  sandy  pastures  near  the  sea 

covered  chiefly  with  bent-grass.    East. 
BENVENUE.   Half-a-crown,  a  fee  paid  by  every 

new  workman  at  a  printing-house.    Holme. 
BENWYTTRE.   The  woodbine.   Prompt.  Parv. 
BENYNGLICHE.     Kindly.    Rob.  Giotto. 
BENZAMYNE.      Benzoin,   a    kind  of    resin. 

Spelt  benzwine  in  Topsell's  Four-footed  Beasts, 

p.  240. 


BEO.     By. 

BEOCE.     Boethius.     Chaucer. 

BEODE.  (1)  To  offer;  to  proffer;  to  pray. 
Also  to  summon,  to  command.  It  occurs  in 
a  doubtful  sense  in  Kyng  Alisaunder,  3006, 
explained  by  Weber,  to  carry;  rather  per- 
haps, to  balance  a  spear.  (A.-S.) 

(2)  A  prayer.     (A.-S.) 

BEORYNG.  (1)  Burying;  funeral.     Weber. 

(2)  Bearing;  birth,     Kyng  Alls. 
BEOTH.     Be;  are;  is.     (A.-S.) 
BEOUTEN.    Without.     (A.-S.) 
BE-PLOTMELE.    Piecemeal.    Prompt.  Parv. 
BEQUARRE.    B  sharp.    An  old  musical  term, 

occurring  in  a  curious  poem  on  the  compara- 
tive difficulty  of  learning  secular  and  church 
music,  printed  in  Reliq.  Antiq.  i.  292. 

BER.  (1)  Beer.     Gaw. 

(2'i  A  berry.     (1st.) 

(3)  A  bier.    Ritson. 

(4)  Carried.     Rob.  Glouc. 

(5)  The  space  a  person  runs  in  order  to  leap 
the  impetus.    North. 

BERAFRYNDE.  A  curious  term  introduced 
in  the  tale  of  King  Edward  and  the  Shepherd, 
ap.  Hartshorne,  p.  48,  &c.  It  is  barely  pos- 
sible that  it  may  have  some  connexion  with 
bellarmin,  q.  v.  The  manner  in  which  it 
occurs  seems  to  give  some  ground  for  the 
conjecture. 
BERALLE.  Fine  glass. 

The  jatys  were  of  clene  crystalle, 
And  as  bryghte  as  any  beralle. 

MS.  Cantab.  Ff.  ii.  38,  f.  49. 
BERAND.    Rushing ;  roaring.     Ps.  Cott. 
BERANDE.    Bearing.    Kyng  Alis.  5109. 
BERANDYLES.    The  name  of  a  dish  in  an- 
cient cookery.   See  the  Forme  of  Cury,  p.  99. 
BERASCALLED.    Abused  like  a  rascal.  Nash. 
BERATE.    To  scold.    Cotgrave  gives  this  as 

one  of  the  meanings  of  Breteler. 
BERATTLE.    To  rattle ;  to  make  a  great  noise. 

Shak. 
BERAYED.  (1)  Dressed. 

For  as  they  passed  along  in  this  array,  the  maner 
was  that  some  one,  berayed  like  a  devill,  should  offer 
to  invade  the  company, 

Lambarde's  Perambulation,  1596,  p.  334. 
(2)  Dirtied. 

BERAYNE.  To  wet  with  rain.  Hence  gene- 
rally, to  moisten.  (A.-S.) 

But  teares  beraynde  my  cheeses, 
I  retchlesse  rent  mine  heare. 

Turbevile's  Ovid,  1567,  f.  12. 

BERBER.     Barberry,  a  shrub.     Gaw. 

BERBINE.  The  verbena.  Kent.  This  Saxon 
form  is  given  by  Keunett,  MS.  Lansd.  1033. 

BERCEL,  A  mark  to  shoot  at.  It  is  trans- 
lated by  meta,  and  occurs  under  five  different 
forms,  bcrcd,  berseel,  bertel,  bysselle,  berseU, 
in  the  Prompt.  Parv.  pp.  32,  56.  Mr.  Steven- 
son,  in  his  additions  to  Boucher,  in  v.  Berselet, 
has  clearly  shown  the  connexion  of  the  word 
with  Germ.  bersenf  to  shoot,  and  has  also 
quoted  from  the  Prompt.  Parv.  MS.  Harl.  221, 
Us.  syiionyrae  is  obviously  butt,  and  one  is 


BEE 


166 


BER 


therefore  somewhat  surprised  to  find  the  editor 
of  the  Promptorium,  p.  56,  confusing  the  term 
with  that  applied  to  the  ridges  of  a  ploughed 
field.  See  also  terser  and  bersault  in  Roquefort. 

BERCELETTUS.  Hounds.  This  is  certainly 
the  meaning  of  the  word  in  Robson's  Ro- 
mances, p.  60,  and  may  throw  a  doubt  on  the 
interpretation  ofbarcelett,  q.  v.  See  Barsletys. 

BERCEN.  The  barton  of  a  house.  This  form 
of  the  word  is  given  in  MS.  Gough,  Wilts,  5, 
as  current  in  Wiltshire. 

BERCHE.    Made  of  iron. 

BERD.  A  beard.  (A.-S.)  "  Maugre  his  berd," 
in  spite  of  him.  "  To  run  in  one's  herd,"  to 
offer  opposition  to.  Langtoft. 

BERD  ASH.  A  neck-cloth.  The  meaning  of 
this  term  is  doubtful.  It  occurs  only  in  the 
Guardian. 

BERDE.  (1)  Margin;  brink.    Prompt.  Parv. 

(2)  A  lady ;  a  young  person.     See  Bird. 

BERDYD.     Bearded.    Prompt.  Parv. 

BERE.  (1)  A  noise;  a  roar;  a  cry.   (A.-S.)  See 
Hartshorne's  Met.  Tales,  p.  99  ;  Const,  of  Ma- 
sonry, p.  35 ;  Gy  of  Warwike,  p.  223  ;  Towne- 
ley  Myst.  p.  109 ;  Kyng  Alisaunder,  550. 
Tho,"  seyde  Befyse,  heryste  thou  that  y  here  ? 
I  harde  nevyr  a  fowler  beere  ! 

MS.  Cantab.  Ff.  ii.  38,  f.  114. 

(2)  To  make  a  noise.    (A.-S.) 

To  the  pavylown  he  can  hym  wynne, 
And  brevely  can  he  bere. 

MS.  Cantab.  Ff.  ii.  38,  f.  92. 

(3)  A  bier.   (A.-S.)    "  Broght  on  bere,"  dead. 
Minot's  Poems,  p.  24. 

(4)  A  pillow-case.     Chaucer. 

(5)  To  bear ;  to  carry.    (A.-S.) 

6)  A  beard.    Rob.  Glouc. 

7)  To  bear ;  to  produce. 

8)  A  bear.    (A.-S.) 

9)  To  bear  upon ;  to  allege ;  to  accuse.    Weler. 
See  Gy  of  Warwike,  p,  354. 

BERE.    A  berry. 

Take  the  jeuse  of  rewe,  vyneacre,  and  oyle  of 
roses,  and  beres  of  lorelle,  and  laye  thame  to  thi 
hevede.  It  helpes  wonderfully. 

MS.  -Lincoln.  Med.  f.  280. 

BERE-BAG.  One  who  bears  a  bag;  a  term  of 
contempt  applied  by  Minot  to  the  Scotch. 

BEREDE.    To  advise.    Palsgrave. 

BERE-FRANKE.  A  wooden  cage  to  keep  a 
bear  or  boar  in.  See  Wright's  Monastic  Let- 
ters, p.  269. 

BEREING.    Birth. 

BEREN.    To  bear.     (A.-S.) 

BERENGER.    The  name  of  a  bear. 

BERENT.    To  rent ;  to  tare. 

What  wonder  is  it  then  if  I  berent  ray  haires  ? 

England's  Helicon,  p.  52. 

BERETTA.    A  kind  of  hood  worn  by  priests. 

See  Hall's  Satires,  iv.  7. 
BERFREY.    A  moveable  tower  employed  in 
sieges,  generally  made  of  wood.    See  Belfry. 
Alisaundre,  and  his  folk  alle, 
Paste  asailed  heore  wallis, 
Myd  berfi-eyes,  with  alle  gyn, 
Gef  they  myghte  the  cite"  wynne. 

JTyr,      lisaunder,  2777. 


13ERGH.    A  hill. 

Thanne  shaltow  blenehe  at  a  lergh, 

Piers  Ploughman,  p.  112. 

BERGMOTE .  A  court  upon  a  hill,  which  is  held 
in  Derbyshire  for  deciding  pleas  and  contro- 
versies among  the  miners. 

BERGOMASK.  A  rustic  dance,  framed  in  imi- 
tation of  the  people  of  Bergamasco,  a  province 
in  the  state  of  Venice,  who  are  ridiculed  as  be- 
ing more  clownish  in  their  manners  and  dialect 
than  any  other  people  in  Italy.  ShaJc. 

BERHEGOR.  Beer-aigre.  In  the  Manners 
and  Household  Expences  of  England,  p.  456, 
mention  is  made  of  "  vij.  galones  berheyor." 

BERIALLIS.     Beryls ;  precious  stones. 

BERIE.  A  grove ;  a  shady  place.  Harrington. 
Probably  from  A.-S.  bearu,  and  merely  another 
form  of  Harrow,  q.  v.  In  the  Prompt.  Parv. 
p.  33,  we  have  berwe  and  berowet  a  shadow. 

BERIEL.  A  burial.  Also  a  tomb,  a  grave. 
See  the  quotation  under  ayere  (3) ;  Dial.  Great. 
Moral,  p.  88  ;  Cov.  Myst.  p.  18  ;  Sevyn  Sages, 
2598.  (A.-S.  byrgels.) 

BERING.  (1)  Birth.    (A.-S} 

(2)  Behaviour.    (A.-S) 

BERINGE-LEPE.    A  basket.    Prompt.  Parv. 

BERISPE.  To  disturb.  See  the  notes  on 
Reynard  the  Fox,  p.  191. 

BERKAR.     One  who  barks.     Prompt.  Parv. 

BERKYN.    To  bark.    Prompt-  Parv. 

BERLINA.    A  pillory.    Jonson. 

BERLY.    Barry,  an  heraldic  term.    Holme. 

BERME.  Yeast.  (A.-S.)  See  Chaucer,  Cant. 
T.  16281 ;  Liber  Niger  Domus  Edw.  IV.  p.  70. 

BERMEN.  Bar-men;  porters  to  a  kitchen. 
(A.-S.)  This  term  is  found  in  Havelok  and 
Layamon. 

BERMOOTHES.     The  Bermudas.     ShaTc. 

BERMUDAS.  A  cant  term  for  certain  obscure 
and  intricate  alleys,  in  which  persons  lodged 
who  had  occasion  to  live  cheap  or  concealed. 
They  are  supposed  to  have  been  the  narrow 
passages  north  of  the  Strand,  near  Covent 
Garden.  Bermudas  also  denoted  a  species  of 
tobacco.  Nares. 

BERN.  (1)  A  man;  a  knight ;  a  noble.    Cf.  Sir 

Degrevant,  500;  Ritson's  Ancient  Songs,  p.  44; 

Amis  and  Amiloun,  837 ;  Reliq.  Antiq.  ii.  176. 

0  Brut  that  bern  bald  of  hand, 

The  first  conquerour  of  Ingland. 

MS.  Cott.  Vespas.  A.  iii.  f.  2. 

(2)  A  bairn ;  a  child.    (A.-S.)    Cf.  Kyng  Ali- 
saunder, 7556. 

Tho  Havelok  micte  sei,  Weilawei ! 

That  evere  was  I  kinges  bern/  HaveloTe,  571. 

(3)  A  barn.     (A.-S.) 

BERNACLE.    A  gag  for  the  mouth  of  a  horse. 
In  bernacle  and  brydell  thou  constreyne 
The  chekys  of  them  that  ne3eh  the  nqujht. 

MS.  4shmole  61,  f.  110. 
BERNAK.  (1)  The  barnacle  goose. 

And  as  the  bernak  in  the  harde  tree. 

MS.  Ashmole  59,  f.  158. 
(2)  A  bernacle,  q.  v.    Prompt.  Parv. 
BERNERS.    Men  who  stood  with  relays  in 
hunting.    They  were  properly  the  men  who 
fed  the  hounds. 


BER 


167 


BES 


And  thenne  every  man  that  is  theire,  saf  the 
Icrners  on  foote  and  the  chacechyens,  and  the 
iymueres,  the  whiche  shulde  be  with  hure  houndes, 
and  awayte  upon  hem  yn  a  feyr  grene  there  as  is  a 
cold  shade  we,  sholde  stonden  afront  yn  aither  syde 
the  heed  with  roddes,  that  no  hound  come  aboute 
nor  on  the  sydes.  MS.  Bodl.  546, 
BERNYNDE.  Burning. 

Manne  that  seth  his  hows  bernynde, 
Hath  grete  peryll  to  hym  commynde. 

MS.  Rawlinson  92,  f.  3. 

BEROWE.    A  shadow.    Prompt.  Paro. 
BEROWNE.    Around ;  round  about. 

His  burliche  berde  was  blody  berotvne. 

Morte  Arthure>  MS.  Lincoln,  f.  94. 
BERRIER.    A  thrasher.    North. 
BERRIN.    A  burial ;  a  funeral.    Var.  dial    A 

person  attending  a  funeral  is  called  a  derriner, 

and  a  grave  a  berrinhole. 
BERRITHATCH.    According  to  Kennett,  MS. 

Lansd.  1033,  in  the  court  rolls  of  the  manor 

of  Cheriton,  co.  Somerset,  this  word  is  used 

for  litter  for  horses. 
BERRY.  (1)  A  gooseberry.    North. 

(2)  To  thrash  com.    North.     Kennett,   MS. 
Lansd.    1033,  gives  an  Islandic  derivation. 
Berrying-stede,  the  thrashing  floor. 

(3)  A  herd  of  conies.    A  herd  of  roes  in  the 
the  Two  Angrie  "Women  of  Abington,  p.  65, 
unless  we  suppose  a  misreading  for  bevy.  We 
have,  however,  berry  in  the  Booke  of  Hunting, 
Lond.  1586. 

(4)  Florio  has,   "  Croscia  d'dcque,  a  suddaine 
showre,  a  storme,  a  tempest,  a  blustring,  a 
berry  or  flaw  of  many  windes  or  stonnes  to- 
gether, bringing  violent  showres  of  water," 

(5)  A  borough. 

BERSELET.    A  kind  of  bow? 
BERST.  (1)  Bearest. 

(2)  Broke.    Rob.  Glouc. 
(3    Defect.     (A.-S.) 

The  levedi,  sore  adrad  withalle, 
Ladde  Beves  into  the  halle, 
And  of  everiche  sonde, 
That  him  com  to  honde, 
A  dide  hire  ete  altherferst, 
That  she  ne  dede  him  no  berst ; 
And  drinke  ferst  of  the  win, 
That  no  poisoun  was  therin. 

Beves  of  Hamtovn,  p.  75* 
BERT.  (1)  To  perspire.     North. 

(2)  A  beard. 

He  smat  aynother  al  to  wounder, 
That  hys  bert  cleve  ysouder. 

Gy  of  WarwiKe,  Middlehill  MS. 

(3)  Bright. 

BERTHE.    Beareth.    Lydgate. 
BERTHHINGES.     Salvation.    Ps.  Cott. 
BERUFFIANISED.    Abused  like  a  ruffian.    A 

term  used  by  Nash,  in  Have  With  You  to 

Saffron  Walden,  1596. 
BERUNGE.    A  burial    Robson. 
BERWJE.  (1)  A  shadow.    Prompt.  Parv. 
(2)  To  defend.    (A.-S.) 
BERWHAM.    A  horse-collar.    Prompt.  Parv. 
BERYD.    Buried. 

Therfor  I  will  that  tner  it  beryd  be. 

Kuga  Poetica?*  p.  5. 


BERYEN.     To  defend ;  to  protect. 

BERYLL.     Apparently  some  rope  belonging  to 
a  ship.     See  Cocke  Lorelles  Bote,  p  12 

BERYNE.    A  child;  a  bairn. 

Alles  a  wafulle  wedowe  that  wanttes  hir  leryne, 
I  may  werye  and  wepe,  and  wrynge  myne  handys. 
Morte  Arthwe,  Lincoln  MS  f.  98. 

BERYNG.     The  lap.    Weber. 
BERYNG-CASE.    A  portable  casket. 
There  come  foure  clerkes  to  Wyltone  from  feme  lond, 
With  a  litull  beryng-cate  full  of  relekes  gode. 

Chron.  Vilodun.  p.  84. 
BERYNT.    To  bear.     Cov.  Myst. 
BERYS.    Approaches. 

Tryamowre  to  hym  berys, 

And  they  alle  to-braste  ther  sperys. 

JUS.  Cantab.  Ff.  ii.  38,  f.  81. 
BERYSE.    Berries.     Weber. 
BERY3T.    Beareth. 
BER3E.    A  mount ;  a  hill.     Gaw. 
BES.    Be.     (4.-S.J 

BE  SAGE.    A  portable  bed  carried  by  horses, 
called  besage   horses.    (A.-N.)     The    term 
occurs  in  Arch.  iii.  157 ;  Ordinances  and  Re- 
gulations, pp.  200,  204. 
BESAGUY.    A  two-edged  axe.    (A.-N.) 
Wambras  with  wings  and  rere-bras  therto, 
And  thereon  sette  were  bexaguyn  also. 

Clariodes,  ap.  Tristrem,  p.  375. 

BES  ANT.    A  golden  coin,   so  called  because 
first  coined  at  Byzantium  or  Constantinople. 
Its  value  is  differently  estimated,  and  seems 
have  varied  from  ten  to  twenty  sols. 
BESCHADE.    To  shadow. 

The  hyje  tre  the  grouude  beschadeth, 
And  every  mannis  herte  gladeth. 

Cower,  MS.  Soc.  Antiq.  134,  f.  Ifl/. 
But  in  silence  and  in  covert 
Desireth  for  to  be  beschadid.         Ibid.  f«  124. 

BESCILDIGEB.    Accused  of  a  crime.     Ver- 

stegan. 

BESCORNED.    Despised.     Chaucer. 
BESCRATCHIN.    To  scratch.     Chaucer. 
BESCRO.    To  beshrew. 
BESCUMMER.  To  scatter  ordure.  BenJonson 

spells  it  bescumber. 

BE-SE.    To  see;  to  behold.     (^.-£)     Hence 
to  see  to,  to  take  care,  as  in  Const,  of  Ma- 
sonry, p.  16. 
BE  SEEK.    To  beseech.     (A.-S.)    A  common 

form  in  early  English.    North. 
BESEEME.    To  seem ;  to  appear.     See  Morte 

d' Arthur,  ii.  235  ;  Ipomydon,  354. 
BESEGIT.    Besieged.     Chaucer. 
BESENE.     Clad;  clothed;  adorned.   See  Hall, 
Henry  VIII.  f.  3 ;  Thynne's  Debate,  p.  50. 
Most  dowtyd  man,  I  am  lyvyng  upon  the  ground, 
Goodly  besem  with  many  a  ryche  garlement. 

Digby  Mysteries t  p.  32. 
He  cam  into  a  litille  playne, 
Alle  rounde  aboute  wel  beseyne 
VP  ith  buschis  grene  and  cedres  hyje. 

Gower,  MS.  Soc.  Avtiq,  134,  f.  40. 
And  was  with  golde  and  riche  stonis 
Serene  and  bounde  for  the  nonis.          Ibid,  f.  55 

BESENYS.,  Business.    Arch.  xxix.  133. 
BESET.    Placed;  employed ; bestowed,  (4.-$+ 


BES 


168 


BES 


Now  me  thyukyth  yn  my  mode, 
Thou  haste  welle  be-aett  my  gode. 

MS.  Cantab.  Ff.  ii.  38,  f. 
I  holde  my  kyngdome  welle  besett, 
Be  thou  worse  or  be  thou  bett.    Ibid,  f.  247- 
BESETE.     See  Beyete. 

His  worldis  joye  ben  so  grete, 
Him  thenketh  of  hevenno  lesete. 

Ginver,  MS.  Soc.  Antiq.  34,   f.  56, 

BESEY.     Beseen.     (A.-S.) 

BE  SHARP.    To  make  haste.     Var.  dial 

BESHET.     Shut  up.     (A.-S.) 

BESHINE.  To  give  light  to.  This  is  found 
among  the  obsolete  words  given  at  the  com- 
mencement of  Batman  uppon  Bartholome, 
fol,  Lond.  1582. 

BESHOTE.    Dirtied.     Lane. 

BESHRADDE.  Cut  into  shreds.  See  Percy's 
Reliques,  p.  279. 

BESHREWE.  To  curse.  (A.-S.)  Generally 
a  milder  form  of  imprecation.  Florio  derives 
the  term  from  the  shrew  mouse,  to  which 
deadly  qualities  were  once  ascribed.  Cf. 
Chaucer,  Cant.  T.  6426  ;  Audeley's  Poems, 
p.  32 ;  Play  of  Sir  Thomas  More,  p.  17. 

BESIDE.  By  the  side  of.  (A.-S.)  Later 
writers  betides,  as  in  Middleton,  i.  235. 

BESIDERY.     A  kind  of  baking-pear.     Kersey. 

BESIEGED,  A  planet  is  besieged  when  be- 
tween the  bodies  of  two  malevolents.  An 
astrological  term,  so  explained  in  the  Gent. 
Rec.  i.  101. 

BESIEN.    To  trouble;  to  disturb. 

BESIGHT.    Scandal;  offence.   (A.-S.} 

SESISCHIPE.    Activity. 

What  hast  thou  done  of  besiscJiipe  ? 

Gower,  MS.  Soc.Antiq.  134,  f.  110. 

BESKUMMER.  To  daub ;  to  besmear.  Somerset. 
BESKYFTE,   Thrust  off.   (A.-S.) 

And  she  was  ever  passynge  wery  of  hym,  and 
fayne  wold  have  ben  delyverd  of  hym,  for  she  was 
aferd  of  hym  bycause  he  was  a  devyls  sone,  and  she 
coude  not  beskyfte  hym  by  no  meane. 

Morte  d* Arthur,  i.91. 

BESLOBBER.  To  slobber;  to  reader  wet  or 
dirty  by  spilling  over  the  breast.  Beslaver, 
Brit.  Bibl.  i.  498.  Beskmered,  dirtied,  Piers 
Ploughman,  p.  476. 

BESLURRY.    To  smear ;  to  defile.  Drayton. 

BE  SMB.  A  besom.  Pompt.  Parv. 

BESMIRCH.  To  soil;  to  daub;  to  smear.  Shaft. 
Verstegan  has  besmit,  besmutted,  made  foul ; 
and  Chaucer,  besmotred,  smutted.  (A.-S.) 
Mono,  in  v.  Caligdre,  gives  the  verbs,  to  besut, 
"to  besnaoulder.  The  Salopian  dialect  has 
besmudffe,  to  dirty. 

BE  SO.   So  be  it.  Maundevile. 

BESOFTE.  Besought.  Launfal,  766. 

BESOGNIO.  A  beggar.  (ltd.) 

BE  SORE.   To  vex ;  to  annoy.   Fletcher. 

BESORT.  (1)  To  suit;  to  fit.  Shaft.  See  Lear, 
i,  4,  one  of  the  quartos  reading  before. 

(2)  Attendance ;  society.   Shaft. 

J3ESPEAKEN.  To  speak  to. 

When  folks,  the  bespeaJten,  curtesly  hem  grete. 

Table  Boole,  p.  227, 

pESPERPLED.  Sprinkled.  "All  besperpled 
wity  blood/'  Morte  d' Arthur,  i.  167. 


BESPET.   Spit  upon.   (A.-S.) 
BE-SPREDD.   Overspread. 

The  emperour  went  to  hys  bsdd, 

In  clothys  fuHe  ryche  he  was  be-spredd. 

MS,  Cantab.  Ff.  ii.  38,  f.  130. 
BESPRENGYD.   Besprinkled.   SMnner. 
BESPRENT.  Besprinkled.  See  Lydgate's  Minor 
Poems,   p.   91;    Brit.   Bibl.   i.   25;   Percy's 
Reliques,  p.  100  ;  Collier's  Old  Ballads,  p.  30. 
BESPURT.    To  sprout ;  to  cast  forth. 
BESQUITE.   Biscuit. 
Armour  thei  had  plente,  and  god  besquite  to  mete. 

Langtoft's  Chron.  p.  171. 

BESSELYCHE.    Busily.    This  form  occurs  in 

the  Chron.  Vilodun.  p.  137. 
BESSOME.   To  swim ;  to  sail.    (A.-S.) 

Brethly  bessomes  with  byrre  in  berynes  sailles. 

Morte  Arthuret  Lincoln  MS.  f.  91. 

BESSY.    Female  bedlamites  were  called  Bess 
o'  Bedlams,  and  the  term  is  not  quite  obso- 
lete, being  still  applied  in  some  parts  of  the 
provinces  to  vagrants  of  that  sex.    The  name 
is  also  given  to  one  of  the  characters  in  the 
sword  and  plough  dances.     "Don't  be  a 
Bessy,"  said^  to  a  man  who  interferes  with 
women's  business.     Bessy-bad,  a  person  who 
is  fond  of  childish  amusements. 
BEST.   A  beast ;  an  animal.   (A.-N.)   An  insect 
would  be  termed  a  beast,  as,  "  bee,  a  beste," 
Prompt.  Parv.  p.  27. 
BESTAD.      Circumstanced;   situated.    (A.-S.) 
Sometimes  in  an  ill  sense,  distressed ;  and  in 
later  writers,  provided.     Cf.  Prompt.  Parv. 
p.  33  ;  Cov.  Myst.  pp.  77,  329  ;  Robin  Hood,' 
i.  26  ;  Chaucer,  Cant.  T.  5069  ;  Rom.  of  the 
Rose,  1227,  5796;  Hoccleve's  Poems,  p.  36. 
BESTARRED.   Covered  with  stars. 
Bestarred  over  with  a  few 
Dyamond  drops  of  morning  clew. 

Musaritm  DeUcies,  Io56. 
BESTE.    Deer.    Ritson. 
BESTEZ.  Beasts.   See  Sir  Perceval,  176.   Now 

a  common  vulgarism. 

BESTIALL.  Cattle.  Sometimes  a  beast,  and 
occasionally  used  as  an  adjective.  The  word 
is  variously  spelt.  Cf.  Maundevile's  Travels, 
pp.  224,  284 ;  Morte  d'Arthur,  i.  147,  152  • 
Holinshed,  Desc.  Scot.  pp.  11,  14 ;  Anc.  Code 
of  Mil.  Laws,  p.  15. 

And  eek  of  that  thou  herdest  say, 
To  take  a  mannis  herte  awey, 
And  sette  ther  a  bestialle. 

Gower,  MS.  Soc.  Antiq.  134,  f.  57. 
BESTIALLICKE.     Beastly.     Chaucer. 
SSfmJiT'     Belon£inS  to  a  beast.     Chaucer. 
BESTOIKE.    To  betray.    This  is  given  in  the 
old  dictionaries,  but  is  perhaps  an  error  for 
beswi&e,  q.  v. 

BESTOW.  To  lay  up ;  to  put  out  of  the  way ; 
to  stow  away.  East.  Hence,  to  commit  sui- 
cide, line.  Forby  gives  it  the  meaning,  « to 
deliver  a  woman,"  the  sense  it  bears  in  the 
following  passage. 

And  Josiane,  Crist  here  bemilde ! 
In  a  wode  was  bestoude  of  chjlde. 

BESTRACT.    Mad. 


BET 


169 


BET 


BESTRAUGHT.  Mad ;  distracted.    See  Percy's 

Relicmes,  p.  49 ;  Nomenclator,  pp.  423,  424. 
BE  STUD.    To  ornament  with  studs. 
BESTYLYNESSE.     Bestiality.   Prompt.  Pan*. 
BESWIKE.     To  betray;  to  cheat;  to  deceive. 
(A.-S.)     Cf.  Kyng  Horn,  296  ;  Reliq.  Antiq. 
i.  114,  241;  Cower,  ed.   1532,  f.  10;  Kyng 
Alisaunder,   4699,  4727;    Richard  Coer  de 
Lion,  5918  ;  Wright's  Political  Songs,  p.  158  ; 
Leg.  Cathol.  p.  79  ;  Arthour  and  Merlin,  p.  60 ; 
Sevyn  Sages,  2500  ;  Langioft,  p.  273. 
\V  hereof  the  shippis  they  biswike, 
That  passen  by  the  costis  there. 

Gmver,  MS.  Soe.  dntiq.  134,  f.  41. 
I  fynde  ensample  in  a  cronicle 
Of  hem  that  love  *o  bcswUce.  Ibid*  f.  43. 

Of  a  pojsone  whiche  they  dronke, 
They  haddeii  that  they  han  beswonke.    Ibid.  f.  55. 
In  woramannysche  \ois  thay  synge 
With  nootes  of  so  giet  likynge, 
Of  such  mesure,  of  such  musike, 
Wherof  the  schippes  thay  byswilse. 

Go  war,  MS.Bodl.  294,  f.  11. 
What  have  I  done  ajeyn  thi  like, 
That  thus  woldes  me  bitnvike. 

Cursor  Mundi,  MS.  Cull  Tnn.  Cantab,  f,  ID. 

BEST.    Busy.     (A.-S.} 
BESYTTYN.     To  set  in  order.    Prompt.  Parv. 
BET.  (1)  Better.  (A.-S.)  See  Chaucer,  Cant.  T. 
7533 ;  Wright's  Seven  Sages,  p.  110;  Ellis's 
Met.  Rom.  iii.  233 ;  Songs  and  Carols,  XT.  ; 
Piers  Ploughman,  p.  389 ;  Thynne's  Debate, 
p.  20 ;  Rob.  Glouc.  p.  107  ;  Assemble  of  Foules, 
451 ;  Cart  Wright's  Ordinary,  1651. 
Upon  the  morowe  the  day  was  set, 
The  kyng  hym  purveyde  welle  the  bet. 

MS.  Cantab.  Ff.  ii.  38,  f.  247- 

(2)  To  abate.    Scott. 

(3)  Kindled.     Weber. 

(4)  Beaten.     Towneley  Myst.    It  occurs  also  in 
this  sense  in  Palsgrave's  Acolastus,  1540. 

(5)  Bettered;  improved.     Weber. 
(0)  Promised.     (A.-S.) 

Gif  thou  wilt  holden  that  thou  me  bet, 
That  ich  shall  wed  that  maiden  sweet. 

Ellis's  Met.  Rom.  ii.  327. 

(7)  To  pray.     SJdnner. 

(8)  **  Go  bet,"  an  old  hunting  cry,  often  intro- 
duced in  a  more  general  sense.   See  Songs  and 
Carols,  xv.  ;  Shak.  Soc.  Pap.  i.  58 ;  Chaucer, 
Cant.  T.  12601 ;  Leg.  of  Dido,  288  ;  Tyrwhitt's 
Notes,  p.  278  ;  Ritson's  Anc.  Pop.  Poet.  p.  46. 
The  phrase  is  mentioned  by  Berners  in  the 
Boke  of  St.  Albans,  and  seems  nearly  equiva- 
lent to  go  along. 

BETAKE.  To  give ;  to  recommend  to.  (.</.-£) 
See  Cov.  Myst.  p.  72 ;  Chester  Plays,  i.  144 ; 
Chaucer,  Cant.  T.  3748,  8037. 

BETALK.  To  tell;  to  count;  to  give  an  ac- 
count. Drayton. 

BETATTERED.    Dressed  in  ragged  clothes. 

BETAUGHTE.  Gave  up;  recommended  to. 
See  Maundevile's  Travels,  p.  63 ;  Rom.  of  the 
Rose,  4438;  Langtoffc,  p.  126.  It  is  appa- 
rently used  in  the  sense  of  taught  in  Torrent 
of  Portugal,  p.  70. 

BETAYNE.  The  herb  betony.  See  a  receipt 
quoted  in  Prompt.  Parv.  p.  232,  and  p.  34. 


BETE.  (1)  To  amend;  to  heal;  to  abate.  (A.-S.) 
"Bete  my  bale,"  amend  my  misfortune. 
"  Bete  Ms  need,"  satisfy  his  need.  Very  fre- 
quently applied  to  firej  to  mend  it;  in  the 
provincial  dialects,  to  light,  to  make  a  fire. 
Kennett,  MS.  Lansd.  1033,  has,  "  to  beet  the 
fire,  i.  e.  in  Kent,  to  mend  the  fire,  or  supply 
it  with  fuel ;  it  is  particularly  applied  to  the 
supplying  of  a  kill  with  straw  for  the  drying 
of  malt,  where  some  leater  must  constantly 
attend  to  leet,  i.  e.  to  put  fresh  straw  into 
the  mouth  of  the  kill."  Cf.  Richard  Coer  de 
Lion,  657;  Sevyn  Sages,  2123 ;  Piers  Plough- 
man, p.  131;  Reliq.  Antiq.  ii.  278;  Towneley 
Myst.  p.  49 ;  Minot's  Poems,  p.  7 ;  Sir  Per- 
ceval,  439  ;  Isumbras,  764. 

(2   To  prepare ;  to  make  ready.     (A.-S.) 

(3  To  heal.    (A.N.) 

(4  Beaten.  Hoccleve.  Often,  worked,  em- 
broidered, as  in  Le  Bone  Florence  of  Rome, 
182;  Skelton,  ii.  302. 

(5)  Help;  assistance.   Skinner. 

(6)  To  beat.    (A.-S.) 

(7)  To  walk  up  and  down.   See  Minot's  Poems, 
p.  7.     It  is  used  in  a  similar  sense  by  sports- 
men.    See  Gent.  Rec. 

(8)  Bit.    Cov.  Myst. 

(9)  A  proper  name.   Prompt.  Parv.    The  Latin 
corresponding  to  it  is  Beatrice. 

BETECIIE.  To  deliver  up;  to  give  up.  (A.-S.) 
See  Tyrwhitt's  notes  to  Chaucer,  iv.  292; 
Cov.  Myst.  p.  70 ;  Langtoft,  p.  299. 
F,.:rewelle,  he  seydc,  my  dere  sone, 
The  Fadur  of  hevyn  beteche  y  the. 

MS.  Cantab.  Ff.  ii.  38,  f.  49 
That  yche  shepard  jyveth  no  gode  kepe 
That  betecheth  the  wulfe  hys  shepe. 

MS.  Hart.  1701,  f.  72. 

BETEEM.    To  bestow,  give,  afford,  or  allow ; 
probably  from  teem,  to  pour  forth.    Also,  to 
deign,  to  endure.    Nares. 
BETEL.    A  hammer. 

Wyht  suylc  a  betel  be  he  smyten. 

Wright' 3  Latin  Stories,  p.  29. 

BETELLE.    To  deceive;  to  mislead.  (A.-S.) 
BETEN.    Worked;  embroidered.  (A.-N.)    See 

Hall,  Henry  VI.  f.  7;  Syr  Gaw. 
BETENDING.  Concerning;  relating  to.  Yarksh. 
BETH.     Be;  are;  be  ye,  (A.-S.) 
BETHE.     Both.     Weber. 
BETHEED.    Prospered.     Verstegan. 
BETHEKYS.    Betwixt. 
BETHEN.    Both. 

And  In  his  londe  bishoppis  tweine, 
Swithe  nobulle  men  thei  weren  bethcn. 

MS.  Cantab.  Ff.  v.48,  f.98. 
BETHINK.  (1)  To  grudge.    Somerset. 
(2)  To  recollect.  North.    We  have  bithenche  in 

Weber,  and  bitJdnke  in  Wright's  Purgatory, 

p.    149.    Palsgrave  has  bethynkyng  in  the 

sense  of  consideration. 
BETHRAL.    To  enthral.    Spenser. 
BETHWINE.    The  wild  clematis,    I.  Wight, 
BETID.    Happened.  (A.-S.) 
BETINED.    Hedged  about.     Vers&gan. 
BETIT.    Hath  happened.  Ellis. 


BET 


1/0 


BEV 


BETLE.    Soft;  fitted  for  cultivation,  a  term 

applied  to  land.   North. 
BETOATLED.    Imbecile;  stupid.    Devon. 
BETOKE.     Gave;  recommended.    (A-S.) 
BETOSSED.    Troubled.     Shot. 
BETOUSE.     To  drag  about.     Nash. 
BETRAITOR.    To  call  one  traitor.      See  the 

State  Papers,  iii.  262. 
BETRAPPE.      To   entrap;  to  ensnare.      See 

Morte  d' Arthur,  ii.  396 ;  Utrappe,  Lydgate, 

MS.  Soc.  Antiq.  134,  f.  27. 
BETRASH.     To  betray;  (A.-N.)     Spelt  also 

betraise.     See  Tundale,  p.  136  ;  Rom.  of  the 

Rose,  1520 ;  Langtoft,  pp.  156,  255. 
By  grace  only  yf  he  may  ascape, 
Or  deth  bUraisthe  him  with  his  sodeyne  rape. 

Lydgate,  MS.  Soc.  Antiq.  134,  f.  29. 

BETRAST.    Trust.     Weber. 

BETRAX.    A  battlement.    Prompt.  Parv. 

BETRAYNE.  Betrayed;  played  false. 
But,  syr,  he  sayde,  for  certente, 
Your  quene  hath  you  betrayne. 

Sir  Ti-yamowe,  165. 

BETRAYSSHE.  Palsgrave  has,  "loetraysshe 
(Lydgate)  I  go  aboute  the  stretes  of  a  towne 
or  cytie,  je  tracasse;"  and  he  adds,  "this 
verbe  is  nat  yet  taken  in  comen  use." 

BETRED.    Prevailed;  conquered. 

BETREINT.    Sprinkled.    Skinner. 

BETRIM.    To  adorn;  to  deck.    Shak. 

BETSO.  The  smallest  coin  current  in  Venice, 
worth  about  a  farthing.  It  is  alluded  to  in 
Dodsley's  Old  Plays,  x.  42. 

BETT.  To  pare  the  turf  with  a  breast-plough. 
Herefordsh. 

BETTAXE.    A  pickaxe.    Devon. 

BETTE.   (1)  Good.    Herefordsh. 

(2)  Better.  (A.-S.)  See  Octovian,  1073 ;  Rom. 
of  the  Rose,  7008. 

BETTEE.  An  engine  used  by  thieves  in  wrench- 
ing open  doors.  Blount. 

BETTELYNGES.    Battles.     Latimer. 

BETTER.  More.  Var.  dial  The  glossaries 
give  lettermer,  better;  and  oettemiost,  the 
best,  or  very  nearly  the  best. 

BETTER-CHEAP.  Cheaper.  "  I  cannot  afford 
it  better  cheap,  or  for  a  lesser  price."  ffbwell. 

BETTERNESS.    Superior.     North. 

BETTRE.    Better.    (^.-£) 

BETTY-TIT.    The  titmouse.    Suffolk. 

BETWAN.  An  open  wicker  bottle  or  strainer, 
put  over  the  vent-hole  in  brewing  to  prevent 
the  grains  of  malt  passing  through.  North. 

BETWATTLED.  Confounded;  stupified;  in- 
fatuated ;  in  a  distressed  and  confused  state 
of  mind.  Var.  dial. 

BETWEEN.  Sometimes  used  elliptically,  this 
time  being  understood.  Between  whiles,  in 
the  interval.  Betwi&t  and  between,  some- 
where between  the  two  extremities ;  in  some 
places  used  for  exactly  the  middle  point. 

BETWIT.     To  taunt ;  to  upbraid.   Var.  dial. 

BETWIXEN.    Between.     (A.-S.) 

BETYD.    To  betide ;  to  happen. 

BETYN.    Bitten. 

BETYNG-CANDLK    A  candle  made  of  resin 


and  pitch.  See  old  accounts  quoted  in  Sharp's 
Cov.  Myst.  p.  187. 

BETYNGE,  A  rod,  any  instrument  of  punish- 
ment. Prompt.  Parv. 

BEUFE.    Buff. 

BEUK.     A  book.     North. 

BEVEL.  (1)  A  sloped  surface  in  masonry. 
Also  a  verb,  to  cut  an  angle.  Any  slope  is 
called  a  bevel  in  some  dialects.  "Though 
they  themselves  be  bevel"  bent  in  an  angle, 
Shak.  Sonn.  121,  or  rather  perhaps  as  Kennett 
explains  the  word  in  MS.  Lansd.  1033,  "to 
run  askew  in  length,  or  depart  from  a  true 
level."  Beveling,  the  sloping  part  of  a  wall, 
Arch.  3d.  233. 

(2)  A  violent  push  or  stroke.    North. 

(3)  A  kind  of  square  used  by  masons  and  car- 
penters, moveable  on  a  centre,  that  can  be 
set  to  any  angle.    See  Cotgrave,  in  v.  Buveau. 

BEVER.  (1)  An  intermediate  refreshment  be- 
tween breakfast  and  dinner.  The  term  is 
now  applied  to  the  afternoon  snack  of  harvest- 
men  and  other  labourers,  and  perhaps  may  be 
explained  more  correctly  as  any  refreshment 
taken  between  the  regular  meals.  See  Beau- 
mont and  Fletcher,  i.  20 ;  Ford,  i.  392;  Florio, 
in  v.  Merenda  /  Cooper,  in  v.  Anteccenium ; 
Stanihurst's  Descr.  of  Ireland,  p.  18 ;  Nomen- 
clator,  p.  79;  Sir  John  Oldcastle,  p.  42; 
Howell,  sect,  43  ;  Middleton's  "Works,  iv.  427, 
v.  141.  Sometimes  refreshments  of  drink,  or 
drinkings,  were  called  Severs ;  but  potations 
were  not  Severs,  as  Mr.  Dyce  asserts. 

(2)  To  tremble ;  to  quiver.  North.  See  Brockett 
and  Palmer.  Beveren  is  wrongly  explained 
"flowing"  in  Syr  Gawayne,  as  will  appear 
from  Morte  d' Arthur,  i.  22.  It  is  possibly 
from  A.-S.  Ufian. 

BEVERACHE.  Drink;  liquor.  It  was  for- 
merly the  custom  to  drink,  says  one  editor, 
when  making  a  bargain.  Is  this  fashion 
obsolete  ? 

Athorst  I  was  ful  sore  y-swonke, 
The  beverache  moste  nethes  ben  thronke. 

MS.  Addit.  11307,  f.  95. 

BEVERAGE.  Hearne,  gloss.  Rob.  Glouc.  p.  623, 
explains  beverage,  "beveridge,  reward,  con- 
sequence," and  he  adds  that  it  is  "  a  word 
now  ha  use  for  a  refreshment  between  dinner 
and  supper,  and  we  use  the  word  when  any 
one  pays  for  wearing  new  cloaths."  That  it 
is  synonymous  with  bever  appears  clearly  from 
Holinshed,  Descr.  Scot.  p.  22.  As  to  the 
other  meaning,  "  beveridge  money  "  is  still  de- , 
manded  on  the  first  appearance  of  a  new  suit 
of  clothes,  and  a  forfeit  is  a  button  cut  off  from 
them  if  the  wearer  is  so  injudicious  as  to  refuse. 
In  Devon,  a  composition  of  cider,  water,  and 
spice,  is  called  beverage* 

BEVETENE.    Beaver? 

He  toe  hi?  bevetene  hat, 
With  pal  that  was  biweved. 

MS.  Bodl.  659,  f.  10. 

BEVISE.    To  c6nsio!er. 

But  for  all  that,  jit  cguthe  he  not 
Bevlse  himseffe  whiche  was  the  beste. 

Gower,  MS.  Soc.  Jntiq.  134,  f.  30. 


BEW 


171 


BEY 


BEVISH.    To  fall  headlong.    North. 

BEVY.  Properly,  a  company  of  roebucks.  A 
flock  of  quails  was  also  called  a  bevy,  as  ap- 
pears from  MS.  Porkington  10;  and  Florio, 
in  v.  Covdta,  applies  the  term  to  pheasants. 
In  an  old  list  of  companies  of  animals  in 
Junii  Etym.  in  v.  CMrre,  "  a  bevey  of  ladies  " 
is  inserted ;  and  Grey  has  fully  illustrated  the 
phrase,  Notes  on  Shakespeare,  ii.  74.  The 
fat  of  the  roebuck  and  roe  was  called  bevy- 
grease.  See  Dryden's  Twici,  p.  21 ;  Gent. 
Rec.  ii.  77. 

BEWAILE.    To  cause ;  to  compass.     Spenser. 

BEWAND.    "Wrapped  up.     Verstegan*   (A.-S.} 

BEWANNE.    Collected?    (A.-S.) 

Thay  had  welthe  more  wane  thane  thay  ever  beioanne, 
MS.  Lincoln  A.i.  17,  f.  232. 

BEWAPED.    Astonished. 

The  porter  was  al  bewaped: 

Alas !  queth  he,  Is  Beves  ascaped  ? 

Beves  of  Hamtoun,  p.  66. 

BEWARED.    Spent;  expended.    Skinner. 

BEWE.  (1)  Drink;  liquor. 

(2)  To  bow ;  to  obey.  See  the  Thornton  Ro- 
mances, p.  68. 

BEWED.    To  wed;  to  unite.    Fairfax. 

BEWELD.  To  wield.  Also,  to  govern,  to 
possess. 

All  which  doo  import  that  he  was  a  notable  giant, 
and  a  man  of  great  stature  and  strength,  to  weare 
such  an  armour,  and  betveld  so  heavie  a  lance. 
— Ranison's  Description  ofBritaine,  p.  9. 

BEWENDED.    Turned  about.    Verstegan. 
BEWEPE.    To  weep ;  to  lament.     See  Rom.  of 
the  Rose,  5121 ;  Troilus  and  Creseide,  i.  763  ; 
Hall,  Henry  IV.  f.  13.   Shakespeare  also  has 
the  word. 

BE  WES.    Boughs. 
BEWET.    Wet;  moist. 

And  sadly  gan  biholde  upon  my  chere, 
That  so  was  with  teres  alle  bewet. 

Occleve,  MS.  Soc.Antiq.  134,  f.  285. 

BEWETE.    Beauty. 

BEWFRAY.     See  Berfrey. 

BEWGLE.  A  bull.  Hants.  Also  an  archaism, 
under  the  form  Ingle. 

BEWHISPER.    To  whisper.    Fairfax. 

BBWHIVERED.  Bewildered;  frightened.  Devon. 

BE  WIELD.    To  manage ;  to  sway. 

BEWITS.  The  leathers  with  which  the  bells 
are  fastened  to  the  legs  of  a  hawk.  Accord- 
ing to  Blome,  Gent.  Rec.  ii.  61,  the  term  in- 
cludes the  bells  and  leathers. 

BEWLY.    Shining ;  having  a  lustre.     Warw. 

BEWME.    Bohemia. 

And  some  of  gret  perils  were, 
The  newe  gise  of  Bewme  there. 

Gower,  MS.  Soc.  Antiq.  134,  f.  245. 

BEWOND.    Imposed  upon;  puzzled;  embar- 
rassed.   (A.-S.) 
BEWORD.    To  report. 

Wee  mused  all  what  would  hereof  leword. 

Tftynnets  Debate,  p.  61. 

BEWPERE.   A  companion. 

BEWRAP.    To  wrap  up ;  to  enfold.    See  Hall, 

Richard  III.  f.  3. 
BEWRAY.  (I)  To  discover ;  to  betray,  but  not 


necessarily  for  bad  or  treacherous  purposes ; 
to  accuse.    (A.-S.)    In  very  old  works  it  oc- 
curs under  the  forms  lewrey,  bewrie,  lewrighe, 
lewrye,  &c.     See  Chaucer,   Cant.  T.  5193, 
9747  ;  Troilus  and  Creseide,  ii.  537  ;  Wright's 
Pol.   Songs,  p.   325;  Douce's  Illustrations, 
ii.  26 ;  First  Sketches  of  Henry  VI.  p.  160 ; 
Gy  of  Warwike,  p.  476 ;  Anc.  Poet.  Tr.  p.  10. 
Hardely,  syr,  thou  mayste  safely  to  me  say, 
For  certys  y  wylle  the  not  bewrye. 

MS.  Ca«ta6.Ff.ii.38,  f.  143. 
Here  ys  no  dwellyng  for  us  to  wonne, 
We  hen  betwyed  to  the  emperowre.  fbid.  f.  167. 
Tyll  at  the  last  she  was  aspled, 
And  unto  the  busshop  she  was  bewried. 

MS.  Laud.  416,  f.  1. 
(2)  To  defile  with  ordure. 
BEWRECKE.    Revenged.    SMnner. 
BEWTEE.    Beauty.    Maundevile. 
BEWTESE.     Civilities;  ceremonies.    Ritson. 
BEWUNUS.    Enfolded;  entwined.    (A.-S.) 
Si  then  on  that  ilke  place, 
To  heng  Jewes  thei  made  solace ; 
That  catelle  was  wo  begon, 
So  betowivs  was  never  non. 

MS.  Cantab.  Ff.  v.  48,  f.  2& 

BEY.  (1)  An  ornament  for  the  neck ;  any  orna- 
ment. (A.-S.) 

That  maydene,  brighteals  goldene  bey, 
Whennescho  the  geaunt  heved  sey, 
Fulle  wele  scho  it  kende. 

MS.  Lincoln  A.  1. 17,  f.  104. 

(2)  Bowed? 

The  wolf  bey  a-doun  his  brest, 
And  gon  to  siken  harde  and  stronge. 

Reliq.Antiq.ii.2JG. 

(3)  An  OX? 

And  as  concernyng  6«y»,  all  fikte  beys,  excepte  a 
very  ffewe  for  the  howse,  be  sold,  and  mych  of 
the  stuf  of  howshold  is  conveyd  awey.  Wrighfs 
Monastic  Letters,  p.  151. 

(4)  A  boy.    Prompt.  Parv. 
BEYAPED.    Cheated,    Skinner. 
BEYATE.    To  beget.    (A.-S.) 

BE  YE.  (1)  To  aby;  to  revenge;  to  atone  for. 
Ritson. 

(2)  To  buy.    (A-S.)    See  Octovian,  388,  805 ; 
Gesta  Rom.  p.  246. 

So  many  schulden  beye  and  selle. 

Gotoer,  MS.  Soc.  4ntiq.  \U,  f.  81 

(3)  Both.    Rob.  Glouc.  p.  47. 

(4)  A  bee.     Coverdale. 

BEYETE.  (1)  Obtaining;  gaining;  accomplish- 
ment.   In  the  following  passage,  MS.  Bodl. 
294  has  li^ete.     See  Besete  and  Be$ete. 
His  worldes  joyes  ben  so  great, 
Hym  thynketh  of  heven  no  beyete. 

Cower,  ed.  1532,  f.  23. 
(2)  Begotten.    (A.-S.) 
BEYGHED.    Bowed;  bent.    Weber. 
BEYKE.    To  beek ;  to  warm.    Ritson. 
BEYKYNGE.    Stretching.    Prompt.  Parv. 
BE  YLD.    To  protect ;  to  shelter; 
Jhe&u  thates  hevens  kyng, 
Gyff  us.  ale  his  blyssyng, 
And  beyldi&  in  his  boure, 

MS.  Lincoln  A.  i.  17,  f.  138. 

BEYNE.     Quickly.     See  Kyng   Horn,   892. 
Beynesse  occurs  in  tie  Prompt.  Parr,  p,  ll^r  > 


BIB 


172 


BIG 


translated  "by  Vivax ;  and  beyn,  p.  29,  pliant, 
flexible. 
BEYNSTEYLLYS.      See  a  curious  burlesque 

printed  in  the  Reliq.  Antiq.  i.  86. 
BEYRE.    Bare.     So  explained  by  Hearne,  but 
it  seems  to  be  a  misreading  in  Rob.  Glouc. 
p.  197. 
BEYS.    Art.     (4.-S.) 

Thou  beys  never  trayed  for  me, 
For  with  me  I  rede  the  wende. 

MS.  Cantab.  Ff.  v.  48. 

BEYSCHATT.    A  bishop.     This  unusual  form 
occurs  in  Wright's  Monastic  Letters,  p.  133. 
BEYTE.    (1)  A  sharper.     North. 
(2)  A  bait ;  a  snare. 

Thys  worlde  ys  but  the  fendys  be,vte. 

MS.  Cantab.  Ff.  n.  38,  f.  46. 

BEYTH,    Were.     (AS.) 

Alle  that  in  the  felde  Iteyth 
That  thys  grete  mervelle  seythe. 

MS.  Cantab.  Ff.  ii.  38,  f.  247. 

BEYTON.   (1)  Beat.    Tundale,  p.  1 7. 
(2)  To  bait.     Prompt.  Paro. 
BEZ.    Be;  is.  (A.-S.) 

The  quarters  wer  sent  to  henge  at  four  citcz, 
So  is  he  worth  be  schent,  who  so  traytour  bez. 

Langtoffs  Chron.  p.  244. 

BEZONIAN.  A  beggar ;  a  scoundrel,  a  term  of 
reproach  frequently  used  by  the  old  drama- 
tists. (ItaL]  See  Cotgrave,  in  v.  Bisongne ; 
Middleton's  Works,  i.  240 ;  Malone's  Shake- 
speare, xvii.  224. 

BEZZLE.  (1)  To  drink  hard ;  to  tipple.  Bezzled, 
besotted.  Hence,  to  squander  riotously,  pro- 
perly in  drinking ;  to  waste  ;  to  embezzle. 
See  Webster's  Works,  iv.  55  ;  Middleton,  iii. 
152 ;  Beaumont  and  Fletcher,  ii.  149. 

(2)  A  drunkard. 

Oh  me  !  what  odds  there  seemeth  'twixt  their  cheer 
And  the  swoln  bezzle  at  an  alehouse  fire. 

Hall's  Satires,  v.  2. 

BEZZLED.    Turned,  blunted,  applied  to  the 

edge  of  a  tool.   Suffolk. 
BE3ETE.  Obtaining;  accomplishment. 
So  that  they  loste  the  bejete 
Of  worshipe  and  of  worldis  pees. 

Gower,  MS.  Soc.  Antiq.  134,  f.  36. 

BL  Bi-  or  be-  is  a  very  common  prefix  to  verbs 
derived  from  the  Anglo-Saxon,  and  has  chiefly 
an  intensative  power,  although  it  modifies  the 
meaning  in  various  degrees.  Many  verbs  are 
no  longer  known  except  in  this  compound 
form.  Wrighfs  gloss,  to  Piers  Ploughman. 
BL  Town ;  village.  (Dan.) 

Balder  bern  was  non  in  bi, 
His  name  was  hoten  sir  Gil. 

Gy  of  Warwike,  p.  267- 

BIACON-WEED.  The  plant  goosefoot.  Dorset. 

BIALACOIL.  Courteous  reception.   (A.-N.) 

BIAT.  A  leather  strap  worn  over  the  shoulders, 
a  sort  of  drag-harness  used  by  miners  to  draw 
the  produce  of  the  mine  to  the  shaft.  Cotgrave 
describes  it  "  a  kind  of  British  course  garment 
or  jacket  worne  loose  over  other  apparreil." 

BIAZ.  In  a  sloping  manner.  JBiace,  a  slope,  a 
bias.  Holly  band.  Palsgrave  has,  "  by  as  of  an 
hose,  bias."  •  \ 

BJB.  (1)  To  drink.    North,    A  common  term,  i 


Cf.  Thynne's  Debate,  p.  58 ;  Chester  Plays, 
i.  124.  Bibacitie,  drunkenness,  occurs  in  the 
Brit.  Bibl.  ii.  418  ;  and  Florio  says,  bibbe  is  a 
child's  term  for  drink,  in  v.  Bombo 

(2)  A  fish,  ffadus  barbatus. 

BIBBED.   Drunk.    Chaucer. 

BIBBER.  (1)  A  drinker.    Nare*. 

(2)  To  tremble.  Kent.  This  seems  to  be  merely 
another  form  of  lever,  q.  v. 

BIBBLE.  To  drink;  to  tipple.  JJrest.  Skelton 
uses  the  term,  i.  112,  spelt  bybyll  Hence 
bibbler,  a  tippler.  Forby  explains  liblle,  "  to 
eat  hke  a  duck,  gathering  its  food  from  water, 
and  taking  up  both  together."  Hence  liblte- 
babUe,  inconsistent  chatter  or  nonsense,  a 
term  which  occurs  in  Shakespeare,  and  seve- 
ral other  wTiters.  See  Billingsly's  Brachy- 
Martyrologia,  1657,  p.  203 ;  Brit.  Bibl.  iv.  272. 

BIBLE.  A  great  book.  (A.-N.)  The  term  was 
constantly  used  without  any  reference  to  the 
Scriptures.  There  are  several  superstitions 
that  have  reference  to  the  Bible  ;  perhaps  the 
most  remarkable  is  the  method  of  divination 
by  Bible  and  key,  a  curious  instance  of  which 
has  occurred  very  recently,  and  is  described 
in  the  Times,  March  2d,  1844.  An  account  of 
the  ceremony  is  given  by  Forby,  ii,  398. 

BIBLE-CLERKSHIP.  A  very  ancient  scholar- 
ship  in  the  Universities,  so  called  because  the 
student  who  was  promoted  to  that  oiKce  was 
enjoined  to  read  the  Bible  at  meal-times. 

BIG  ACHE.  To  deceive.  Bicaught,  deceived. 
See  Kyng  Alisaunder,  258,  4815;  Sevyn 
Sages,  266,  2188 ;  Kyng  of  Tars,  4»9 ; 
Wright's  Anecd.  Lit.  p.  90;  Arthour  and 
Merlin,  p.  12,  bicought. 

What  man  that  the  wedde  schalle, 
Than  is  he  nought  byeaught. 

The  Gnnde  Wif>  p.  13. 

BICANE.   A  kind  of  grape.   SMnner* 
BI-CAS.    By  chance. 
BICCHE.   A  bitch.   (A.-N.} 
BICH,  Pitch. 

Ase-tit  he  let  felle  a  led 

Ful  of  bich  and  of  bremston, 

And  hot  led  let  falle  theron. 

Beves  of  Hamtoun,  p.  126. 

BI-CHAKRID.  Overturned;  deceived.  (4.-S.) 
See  the  example  under  Amarrid,  and  Reliq. 
Antiq.  ii.  278. 

BICHAUNTE.  To  enchant? 

And  the  heldest  to  bitfiaunte 
Yong  mannes  love  for  to  haunte. 

Arthow  and  Merlin,  p.  28. 

BICHE.    A  kind  of  fur,  the  skin  of  the  female 

deer. 

BICHED-BONES.  Dice.  The  term  occurs  in 
Chaucer,  Cant.  T.  12590,  the  MSS.  reading 
differently.  See  Tyrwhitt's  notes,  p.  277 ; 
Towneley  Myst.  p.  241. 

BICHE-SONE.  A  term  of  reproach,  still  used 
in  the  transposed  form.  See  some  curious 
Latin  lines,  in  which  bycheson  occurs,  in 
Lelandi  Itin.  vi.  130. 

Biche-sone  /  thou  drawest  amis, 
Thou  sehalt  ablgge  it  y-wis ! 

4rthQiir  and  Jtferfin,  p.  313 


BID  1 

BICIS.    Vices.     /,>/.  L^ 

BICK.     A  wooden  bottle  or  cask  in  which  beer 

is  carried  into  the  harvest  fields.     Norf. 
BICKER.    (1)  To  fight ;  to  quarrel ;  to  act  with 

hostility.     See  Bitere. 

(2)  To  clatter ;  to  hasten.     North. 

(3)  A  short  race.     North. 

(4)  A  small  wooden  dish,  made  of  staves  and 
hoops  like  a  tub.    North.    Also  a  tumbler 
glass,  in  which  sense  It  is  merely  another  forn: 
of  beaker,  q.  v. 

BICKEI1MENT.     CoiiiTct. 
BICKORN.     An  anvil  with  a  bickern,  or  beak- 
iron.     See  Arch.  xvii.  292  ;  Howcll,  sect.  51. 
BI-CLEPT.     Embraced.     (A.~S.) 

Evevich  other  uith  schelcl  lidept, 
And  fro  oth^r  dentes  kept. 

Althing  and  Mu-Itn,  p.  202. 
And  sodeynely,  cr  sche  it  wiste, 
Eidipte  in  ar;oais  he  hire  klste. 

Gower,  MS.  Sac.  Antiq.  134,  f.  44. 

BICLOSED.     Enclosed. 

The  knyght  in  the  mede  hadde  o  rnaner, 

Al  biclosed  with  o  river.  Sevyn  Sages,  722. 

BICLUPPES.  Translated  by  eolc  in  the  Cam- 
bridge MS.  of  Walter  de  Bibblesworth,  Reliq. 
Antiq.  ii.  83.  Embraces  ? 

BICOLLEDE.     Blackened. 
He  made  foule  chere, 
xVnd  btcotttde  is  swere,       Kyng  Horn,  1072. 

BICOMEN.     Became.  (A.-S.} 

BICORNED.  Double-horned.  See  Richardson, 
and  Brome's  Songs,  ed.  1661,  p.  194. 

BID.  (1)  To  invite.  Still  used  in  the  North, 
especially  with  reference  to  an  invitation  to  a 
funeral,  which  is  termed  a  bidding.  Two  or 
four  people,  called  bidders,  are  sent  about 
to  invite  the  friends,  and  distribute  the 
rnourning.  To  "  bid  the  base,"  to  challenge 
an  encounter,  originally  at  the  game  of  pri- 
soner's base,  but  applied  in  various  ways. 

(2)  To  pray.    North.    To  bid  the  beads,  to  say 
prayers.    Also,  to  entreat,  as  in  Ellis's  Met. 
Rom.  iii.  165. 

(3)  Both.    Skinner. 

BID-ALE.  The  invitation  of  friends  to  drink 
ale  at  the  house  of  some  poor  man,  who 
thereby  hopes  a  charitable  distribution  for  his 
relief ;  still  in  use  in  the  west  of  England. 
Blount,ed.  1691.  The  custom  is  still  in  vogue 
in  some  parts  of  the  country  at  weddings, 
when  a  collection  is  frequently  made  for  a 
portionless  bride. 

BJDAWETH.    Dawns ;  breaks. 

Ther  is  no  day  whiche  hem  bidaweth, 
No  more  the  sunne  than  the  mone. 

Gower,  MS.  Sac.  Antiq.  134,  f.  139. 

BIDCOCK.    The  water-rail.     Dray  ton. 

BIDDABLE.    Obedient;  tractable.     Nortft. 

BIDDE.    See  Bed*.    (A.-S.) 

BIDDER.    A  petitioner.     (A.-S.) 

BIDDING-PRAYER.  The  prayer  for  the  souls 
of  benefactors  in  Popish  times,  said  before  the 
sermon.  The  form  may  be  seen  in  Rob.  Glouc. 
Chron.  p.  624. 

BIDDY.  (1)  A  louse.    North. 


'3  BIB 

(2)  A  chirks.      Vrr.  MaL 

BIDDY-BASE.    Prisoner's  haw.  Z/«e.    Rennet, 

MS.  Lansd.  1033,  gives  the  term  litty-base 

for  this  game ;   and  billy -base  is  sometimes 

heard. 

BIDDY'S-EYES.     The  pansy.     Sowerscf 
BIDE.  (1)   To  dv,-ell;    to   remain;    to    cJJ(b. 

Var.  dial.    "  lu  the  fyld  lyddy&c  he,"  Torrent 

of  Portugal,  p.  22. 

(2)  To  wait;   to  bear;   to  endure.     Var.  dial. 
"Bydene,"    borne,   obeyed,  Plumpton   Cor- 
respondence, p.  108. 

(3)  To  require.     KortJi. 

BIDELVE.     To  bury.  (A.-S.)     See  the  Sevyn 
Sages,  1374  ;  lleliq.  Antiq.  i.  116. 
No  schal  thcr  never  no  jusiise 
The  bidalve  on  ony  wise. 

Artln.ur  find  Merlin,  p.  30. 
BIDEXE.     See  Bedene.     Cf.  Langtoft,  p.  45  ; 

Minot's  Poems,  p.  15. 

BIDE-OWE.  Explained  by  Kennett,  MS.  Lansd. 
1033,  "  to  be  punished,  or  suffer  punishment." 
Ray  says,  pcenas  dare,  and  it  is  given  by 
Browne  as  current  in  his  time  in  Norfolk. 
It  may  possibly  have  some  connexion  with 
bidowe,  q.  v. 

BIDET.    A  small  horse.     (Fr.) 
BID-HOOK.     A  kind  of  hook  belonging  to  a 
boat.    See  Dekker's  Knights  Conjuring,  p.  43. 
BIDOWE.    A  kind  of  lance.    (A.-N.) 
A  bidowe  or  a  baselard 
He  berith  be  his  side. 

Piers  Ploughman,  p.  540. 

BI-DRAVELEN.   To  slobber ;  to  slaver.  (A.-S.) 
BID-STAND.    A  highwayman.    Jonson. 
BIE.  (1)  To  suffer ;  to  abide.     (A.-S.) 

(2)  With. 

(3)  A  collar  for  the  neck ;  a  bracelet. 
Beisauntes,  bies  of  goolde,  broches  and  rynges. 

MS.  Cott.  Vespas.  E.  xvi.  f.  82. 

BIEL.    Shelter.    North. 

BIELDE.    To  dwell ;  to  inhabit. 

Brynnez  In  Burgoyne  thy  burghes  so  ryche, 
And  brittenes  thi  baronage  that  bieldez  tharein. 

Morte  Arthwe,  Lino  In  MS.  f.  60. 

B1ENDES.    Bonds. 

Thare  he  was  in  blendes  strongue, 
Fram  that  was  Eastur  dai. 

MS.  Laud.  108,  f.  157. 
BIENPAIT.     A  benefit.    (A.-N.)     Spelt   also 
bienfete,  and  oyenfaytte.  Cf.  Piers  Ploughman, 
pp.  103,  114  ;  Brit.  Bibl.  iv.  352. 
BIEN-VENU.    A  welcome.    (A.-N.} 

With  that  Constaunce  anone  prayende, 
Spake  to  her  lorde  that  he  abide, 
So  that  sche  may  to  fore  ride 
To  ben  upone  hys  bten  venu. 

Gower,  Cantao.  MS.  f.29. 
BIER.    The  Redeemer.    Ps.  Cott. 
BIERDEZ.     Ladies. 

Thane  the  balefulle  bierdez  bnwnez  to  the  erthe, 
Kneland  and  cryande,  and  clappide  theire  handez. 
Morte  Arthurs,  Lincoln  MS.  f.  65. 

BIERNE.    A  man ;  a  noble. 

Than  the  Eroperour  Irus  was  angetde  at  his  herte 
For  oure   valyant  6i«rw«s    siche   prowesche   had 
wonnene. 

Morte  A'thure,  Lincoln  MS.  f.  74. 


BIG 


174 


BIH 


BIEST.  A  small  protuberance,  more  particu- 
larly applied  to  that  on  tlie  stem  of  trees 
Suffolk. 

BI-FALLEN.    To  befall ;  to  happen.    (A.-SJ 
And  whanne  thise  tokenis  ben  Ufalle, 
Alle  sodeyneliche  the  stone  sehalle  falle. 

Gower,  MS.  Soc.  Antiq.  134,  f .  37. 

BIFOLD.      Folded.     Weber.      See  byfold  in 

Ellis's  Met.  Rom.  iii.  289. 
BIFOLE.    To  make  a  fool  of. 

That  they  ne  schulde  not  bifvle 
Here  wit  upon  none  erthely  werkis, 

Cower,  MS.  Soc.  Antiq.  134,  f.  31 

BIFOREN.   Before.   (^.-£) 

BIFORMED.  Double  formed.  (Lat.)  See 
TopselFs  History  of  Serpents,  p.  25. 

BIG.  (1)  To  build.  (A.-S.)  The  same  variation 
takes  place  in  the  meaning  of  this  word  as  in 
dietde,  which  properly  signifies  the  same.  To 
remain,  to  continue,  is  the  explanation  of  it 
in  Minot's  Poems,  pp.  29,  33  ;  Langtoft,  pp. 
330,  339.  "  Edificare,  to  tyffffen,"  MS.  Bibl. 
Reg.  12  B.  i.  f.  71. 

(2)  A  particular  kind  of  barley.    Kennett,  MS. 
Lansd.  1033,  says  "poor  lean  barley." 

(3)  In  Somersetshire  obtains  the  phrase  Ug- 
and-biff,  very  large,  full  big. 

BIGATE.   Birth.   (A.-S.) 

So  that  on  an  even  late, 

The  devel  sche  taught  hir  Ugate. 

Arthour  and  Merlin,  p.  27. 

And  al  he  held  ther  the  king 

Of  his  bigete,  of  his  bereing.         Ibid.  p.  55. 
BIGEGED.    Besieged.    It  occurs  in  Langtoft, 

p.  119,  but  may  be  a  misreading. 
BIG-END.  The  greater  part. 
BLGERNYN.  To  ensnare.  (A.-S.) 
BI-GETEN.  Begot.  (A.-S.) 
BIG-FRESH.  Very  tipsy.  North. 
BIGGAYNE.  A  nun.  Palsgrave. 
BIGGE.  (1)  A  bridge.  Havekk. 

(2)  To  buy.    Weber. 

(3)  A  pap ;  a  teat.    Essex.    Gifford,  a  native  of 
Essex,  introduces  the  word  in  his  Dialogue  on 
Witches,  1603.     The  ligge  is  one  of  the 
names  of  the  hare  in  a  curious  poem  in  Reliq. 
Antiq.  i.  133. , 

BIGGED.  Built. 

Whenne  erthe  appone  erthe  hase  bigged  up  his  bowrris, 
Thane  sehalle  erthe  for  erthe  suffire  ucharpe  stowrrys. 
MS.  Lincoln  A.  i.  17,  f.  279. 
BIGGEK.  (1)  To  enlarge,  Fairfax. 
f  2)  To  begin.  Hearne. 

(3)  To  recover  and  get  up  after  an  accouchement. 
North. 

(4)  A  kind  of  close  cap,  which  bound  the  fore- 
head strongly,  used  for  young,  children  to 
assist  nature  in  closing  the  sutures  of  the 
skulL  The  term  is  now  used  only  for  a  child's 
cap.    Shakespeare  seems  to  have  meant  by  it 
any  coarse  kind  of  night-cap.    It  appears  also 
to  have  been  part  of  the  appropriated  dress  of 
barristers  at  law ;  or  it  might  be  the  scientific 
undress,  like  the  velvet  nightcap  of  our  grand- 
fathers.   Nare*.    Kennett,  in  his  Glossary, 
p.  29,  says,  "  a  cap  with  two  long  ears  worn 
by  young  children  and  girls  is  now  called  a 


biggin."  Cotgrave  seems  to  attach  a  different 
meaning  to  the  word,  in  v.  Agneliere.    Cf. 
Nash's  Pierce  Penniless,  p.  11  ;  Florio,  in  v. 
Beghino,  who  spells  it  Ughin. 
BIGGER.  A  builder.   (A.-S.} 

Stone  that  biggers  forsooke 
Is  made  in  heved  on  the  nooke. 

JlfS.JBodZ.921,  f.  1. 

BIGHES.  Jewels;  female  ornaments.  It  is 
sometimes  used  in  a  figurative  sense ;  "  she  is 
all  in  her  UgJies  to-day,"  i.  e.  best  humour, 
best  graces,  &c.  East.  The  term  is  also  an 
archaism.  See  Be,  tie,  &c. 
BIGHT.  Any  -corner;  anything  folded  or 

doubled.   Chesh. 
BIGINE.    A  nun.    Chaucer. 
BIGING.  A  buHding.  Minot. 
BI-GINNEN.   To  begin.   (A.-S.) 
BIGIRDLE.    A  girdle  worn  round  the  loins, 
sometimes  used  for  carrying  money,  whence 
the  term  is  also  applied  to  a  purse.     (A.-S.) 
BIGIRT.    Girded.     (A.-S.*) 

Gii  cam  on  a  day  fram  hunting, 
Therl  Amis  and  Tirri  the  ying, 
And  mo  than  an  hundred  knight, 
With  swerd  bigirt,  y  you  plight. 

Gy  of  Wwwike,  p.  240. 
BIGLY.    (1)  Loudly;  deeply;  severely;  boldly; 
strongly.  Cf.  Morte  Arthure,  MS.  Line.  f.  68. 
Mene  lepen  to  anone  and  lokkeden  the  5ates, 
Barredde  hem  bygly  with  barres  of  iren. 

MS.  Cott.  Califf.  A.  ii.  f.  115, 

(2)  Pleasant ;  delightful.   Cf.  Le  Bone  Florence 
of  Rome,  220,  1486,  1681. 

A  biglye  blesse  heare  will  I  builde. 

Chester  Plays,  i,  9. 

BIGNING.    Enlarging.    Fairfax. 
BIGOLD.    Chrysanthemum.     Gerard. 
BIGONNE.    Went.    Hearne. 
BIGRADDEN.     Bewept;    lamented.    (A.-S.} 
See  Kyng  Alisaunder,  5175;   Sevyn  Sages, 
1518,  bigrad. 
BIGRAVE.    Engraved. 

Of  werkmanschipe  it  was  bigrave* 
Of  suche  werke  as  it  schulde  have, 

Gower,  MS.  Soc.  Antiq,.  134>  f.  55, 

BIGRAVEN.    Buried. 

At  Winchester,  withouten  les, 
Ther  that  king  l>igraven  wes, 

ArtHow  and  Merlin*  p.  5. 
BIGRYPETH.    Seizes ;  includes. 

The  whiche  undir  the  heven  cope, 
As  fer  as  streccheth  any  grounde, 
Bigrypeth  alle  this  erthe  rounde. 

Gower,  MS.  Soc.  Antiq.  134,  f.  196. 
BIHALVE.    To  divide  into  two  parts  or  com- 
panics.  (4.-S.)  Bihelve,  behalf,  Sevyn  Sages, 
325. 

BIHEDDE.    Beheaded.    (A.-S.) 
BI-HELOD.    Beheld. 
BI-HEST.    To  promise.    (A.-S.) 
BIHEVEDED.    Beheaded.     Weber.     See  also' 

Legendse  Cathohcse,  p.  201.     * 
BIHEWE.    To  hew  stones.    (A.-S.) 
BIHIGHT.    Promised.     (A.-S.) 
BI-HOLDEN.    To  behold.    (.4.-$:) 
BI-HOTEN.    To  promise.    (A.-S.) 


BIL 


175 


BIL 


BI-HYNDE.    Behind.     (A.-S.) 
BIJEN.     Truly.     Yortek. 
BIKE.    A  nest.     Still  in  use  for  a  bees'  nest  in 
a  wild  state. 

A  byke  of  waspes  bredde  in  his  nose. 

MS.  Cett.  Calig.  A.  ii.  f.  109. 

BIKECHE.    To  deceive.    (A.-S.)     This  form 

occurs  in  the  Sevyn  Sages,  1121. 
BIKED.    Fought.     Weber. 
BI-KENNEN.     To   commit  to.     (A.-S.)    We 
have  already  had  be-ikenne,  q.v.     Cf.  Piers 
Ploughman,  pp.  31,  154;  Langtoffc,  pp.  123, 
274 ;  Havelok,  1268,  explained  betoken. 
And  whil  he  slepte,  kut  his  here 
With  hir  sheres  worth e  her  hende, 
And  to  his  foos  him  bikende. 

Cursor  Mundi,  MS.  Coll.  Tnn.  Cantab,  f,  45. 
BIKERE.  To  skirmish;  to  fight;  to  quarrel. 
Also  a  substantive,  a  quarrel.  (A.-S.)  Cf. 
Leg.  Worn.  2650 ;  Piers  Ploughman,  p.  429 ; 
Minot's  Poems,  p.  51 ;  Arthour  and  Merlin, 
p.  206. 

And  for  she  loveth  me  out  of  biker, 
Of  my  love  she  may  be  siker. 
Cursor  Mundi,  MS.  Coll.  Trin.  Cantab,  f.  87 

BI-KNOWEN.  To  know;  to-  recognize;  to 
acknowledge.  (A.-S.)  Cf.  Piers  Ploughman, 
pp.  13,  45,  370,  404;  Sevyn  Sages,  2689. 
Pret.  s.  U-Jcnewe.  Part.  pa.  U-bnowe, 

Of  his  covenaunt  he  was  biknawe, 
And  made  Angys  half  felawe. 

ArtJiour  and  JlfZm,  p.  17. 
She  moste  there  by-know  the  dede, 
Or  fynde  a  man  for  hyr  to  fight. 

MS.  Harl.  2252,  f.  99, 

BIL.    A  fish  of  the  cod  kind.    Ash* 
BILAD.    Brought.    (A.-S.) 

Withouten  mete  or  driuke  that  day 
In  sorwe  he  was  bilad. 

Cursor  Mundi,  MS.  Coll.  Ti-in.  Cantab,  f.  104. 
BILANDER.    A  small  ship. 
BILAPPED.    Wrapped  up ;  surrounded.     Cf. 
Amis  and  Amiloun,  1014 ;  Sevyn  Sages,  2210. 

And  soo  I  hangyd  on  the  erosse,  and  on  all  sides 
I  was  bylapped  wyth  the  moost  bytter  sorowes  of 
dethe.-— Carton's  Divers  Fruitful  Ghostly  Maters, 
BILASH.    To  flog. 

BILAVE.    To  remain.  (A.-S.)  Cf.  Sevyn  Sages, 

161;  Arthour  and  Merlin,  p.  75.    Byktjt, 

"  Ywaine  and  Gawin,  35. 

BILAYE.    To  besiege.    Cf.  Sevyn  Sages,  2752 ; 

Rob.  Glouc.p.  519 ;  Arthour  and  Merlin,  p.  14. 

And  sax  monethes  he  it  bilay  aplight, 
That  nothing  winne  he  it  no  might. 

Rouland  and  Vernagu,  p.  7' 

BILBERRIES.    "Whortleberries.     Var.  dial. 

BILBO.  A  Spanish  word,  so  called  from  Bilboa, 
the  place  of  manufacture.  A  swordsman 
was  sometimes  termed  a  bilbo-man,  as  in 
Beaumont  and  Fletcher,  ii.  331.  Drayton,  in 
a  marginal  note  to  his  Battaile  of  Agin-Court, 
p.  10,  says  that  bilbo-blades  are  "  accounted 
of  the  best  temper ;"  and  Shakespeare  com- 
pares Master  Slender  to  one  on  account  of  his 
thinness.  They  were  often  made  of  laten  metal. 

BILBOCATCH.  A  bilboquet.  East.  This  is 
the  children's  toy  generally  known  as  cup  and 
ball. 


BILBOES.  A  kind  of  stocks  used  at  sea  for  the 
purpose  of  punishing  offenders.  See  Howell, 
sect.  6;  Malone's  Shakespeare,  vil  485.  A 
wooden  piece  of  machinery,  used  for  confining 
the  head  of  sheep,  is  also  so  called. 

The  pore  feloe  was  put  into  the  bilboes,  he  being 
the  first  upon  whom  any  punyshment  was  shewd. 

MS.  Addit  5008 

BILCOCK.    The  water-ran.    North. 
BILD.    A  building.    (A.-S.) 

Y  se  som  men  purchas  and  make  gret  byld, 

Arey.se  high  towris  and  gret  wallis. 

MS.  Laud,  416,  f.  45. 

BILDER.  (1)  A  mallet  with  a  long  handle  used 

for  breaking  clods.    North. 
(2)  A  builder.    (4.-S.)    "  The  bilder  oak,"  the 

oak  used  in  building. 
BILDERS.    A  kind  of  water-cresses,  mentioned 

by  Elyot,  in  v.  Laver. 
BILE.  (1)  Aboil.  (^-£)  The  genuine  word, 

and  still  used  in  the  provincial  dialects.    It  is 

found  in  the  early  editions  of  Shakespeare, 

and  in  most  early  writers. 
(2)  Guile  ?    JByle,  to  beguile,  Audelay's  Poems, 

p.  28. 

For  no  man  of  his  counselle  knoweth, 
It  is  alle  bile  undir  the  wynge. 

Gower,  MS.  Soc.  Jntiq.  134,  f.  368* 

BI-LEDE.    To  lead  about.    (A.-S.) 
BILEF.    Quickly;  suddenly.    Weber. 
BILEIGHE.     To  bely.     So  explained  in  gloss. 

to  Sir  Tristrem,  p.  239. 
BILET.    A  willow  plantation.    Salop. 
BILEVE.    (1)   To  leave;  to  quit.    See  Kyng 
Alisaunder,  5311;  "Warton's  Hist.  Poet.  ii.  5; 
Legcndse  Catholicse,  p.  164  ;  Rob.  Glouc.470; 
Langtoft,  p.  153;   Black's  Cat.  of  Arundel 
MSS.p.108;  SirDegrevant,  1885. 
And  many  a  maide  in  grene  and  tender  age 
Bilefte  were  sool  in  that  grete  rage,  US.  Digby  230. 
(2)  To  remain ;  to  stay.    See  Chaucer,  Cant.  T. 
10897;  Troilus  and  Creseide,  iii.  624;  Sevyn 
Sages,  5  68 ;  Minot's  Poems,  p.  10 ;  Rob.  Glouc. 
p.  17;  Kyng  Alisaunder,  4468. 

God  late  us  never  byleve  in  synne, 
With  here  that  es  so  strange. 

MS.  Lincoln  A.  I.  17,  f.  148. 
BILGE.    To  indent.    Somerset. 
BILIBRE.    Two  pounds.     Wickliffe. 
BILID.    Mad;  distracted.    Somerset. 
BI-LIEN.    To  calumniate.    (A.-S.} 
BILIMEDEN.   Deprived  of  limbs.   Bilemectoc* 
curs  inEob.  Glouc.  p.  471;  tylyme,  p.  301. 
The  knightes  of  the  table  rounde 
Mani  ther  slough  in  litel  stotmde, 
And  bilimeden  and  feld  of  hors 
Mani  hethen  orped  cors. 

Arthour  and.  Merlin,  p.  214. 
BILINE.     Quickly.    Perhaps   MUm;   but  it 
rhymes  with  chine  in  Arthour  and  Merlin, 
p.  236. 

BILIORS.    Billiards.  Arch.  xiv.  253. 
BILITHE.    An  image.     Versteffm. 
BILIVE.    Belief.    (^.-£) 

And  that  is  sothe  that  I  «eye ; 

In  that  Wive  I  wol  bothe  ly  ve  and  dye* 

MS.  Cantab.  Ff.  i.  6,  f.  Ifc 


BIL 


176 


BIN 


fJILK.  Nothing.  A  cant  terra,  ridiculed  by 
3en  Jonson,  vi.  136.  Blount  says,  "  bilk  is 
j*aid  to  be  an  Arabick  word,  and  signifies 
nothing:  cribbidge-players understand  it  best." 
GlossograpMa,  ed.  1681,  p.  85. 

BILL.  (1)  A  kind  of  pike  or  lialbert,  formerly 
carried  by  the  English  infantry,  and  afterwards 
the  usual  weapon  of  watchmen.  Soldiers 
armed  with  bills  were  sometimes  called  bills. 
A  bill-hook  is  still  called  a  Ull  in  some  parts 
of  the  country. 

(2)  A  letter.     Chaucer.     A  petition  was  for- 
merly called  a  bill,  as  also  an  advertisement 
set  up  against  a  wall,  post,  or  any  public  place. 
The  placards  of  public  challengers  were  so 
called,  whence  came  the  phrase  of  setting  up 
bills,  Much  Ado  about  Nothing,  i.  1. 

(3)  A  promontory. 

BILLABLE.  Liable  to  having  a  bill  preferred 
by  law  ?  See  the  Egerton  Papers,  p.  234. 

BILLAMENTS.  Ornaments.  Explained  by 
Baret,  Alvearie,  1580,  "the  attire  or  orna- 
mentes  of  a  woman's  head  or  necke."  It  is 
generally  glossed  habiliments,  which  is  hardly 
correct.  See  Dodsley's  Old  Plays,  ii.  224; 
Hey  wood's  Rape  of  Lucrece,  p.  58  ;  Planche's 
Costume,  p.  249  ;  Cotgrave,  in  v.  Doreure, 
Dorlot;  Burnet's  Ref.  Records,  p.  171. 

BILLARD.  A  bastard  capon.   Sussex. 

BILLERE.   Bursula,  bot. 

BILLET.  (1)  The  coal-fish. 

(2)  The  game  of  tip-cat.  Derbysh. 

(3)  A  stick ;  a  cudgel.  Beaumont  and  Fletcher. 

(4)  A  small  quantity  of  half-threshed  corn, 
bound  up  into  sheaves  or  bundles.    West. 

BILLETINGS.    The  ordure  of  the  fox. 
BILLING.    Working.    Yorhsh.    This  term  is 

found  in  Meriton's  Yorkshire  Ale,  p.   91 ; 

Kennett's  Glossary,  MS.  Lansd.  1033. 
BILLINGSGATE.  A  fish-market  in  London,  the 

sellers  at  which  have  long  been  proverbial  for 

coarse  language,  so  that  low  abuse  is  often 

termed  talking  Billingsgate. 
BILLMAN.    A  man  who  cuts  faggots.    See 

Hollyband  and  Cotgrave,  in  v.  tiouscheron. 

Formerly  a  soldier  who  was  armed  with  a  dill, 

as  in  Hall's  Union,  Henry  IV.  f.  13. 
BILLY.  (1)  A  bull.    /.  Wight. 

(2)  A  bundle  of  wheat-straw.   Somerset. 

(3)  A  brother ;  a  young  fellow,  a  term  of  endear- 
ment. North. 

(4)  A  removal,  or  flying  off.    This  term  is  used 
by  boys  when  playing  at  marbles,  and  refers  to 
shifting  the  place  of  a  marble. 

BILLY-BITER.    The  black-cap.    North.    The 

long-tailed  tit  is  called  a  bitty-feather^oke. 
BILLY-WIX.   An  owl.  East. 
SILOKE.   Fastened  ;  locked.   (A.-S.)   The  MS. 
Ashmole  39,  f.  39,  more  correctly  reads  whom 
for  whanne  in  the  following  passage. 
Thorow  the  fulfillynge  of  the  Holy  Gost, 
Thereinne  biloke,  whanne  sche  lovjd  most. 

Lydgate,  MS.  Soc.  Antiq.  134,  f.  4. 

BI-LOWEN.  To  bend  ;  to  bow.   (A.-S.) 
BILTER.    The  water-rail.    North. 


BILYVE.    Food.    (A.-S.} 
BIM-BOM.     The   sound  of  bells.     Far.  dial 
Hence  anything  hanging  in  the  manner  of  a 
bell-clapper  is  so  called. 
Here  I,  great  Tom, 

Sing  loudly  bim-bnm.  Mother  Hulbord,  a  but  lesqua- 
BIMEBY.     By  and  by.    Somerset. 
BI-MELDE.     To  inform  against.  (A.-S.) 
Dame,  God  the  for^elde, 
Bote  on  that  thou  menout  bi-melde. 

Wright's  Anecd.  Lit.  p.  3. 

BI-MENE.  To  lament ;  to  pity ;  to  bemoan. 
Biment,  bemoaned.  (A.-S.)  Cf.  Reliq.  An- 
tiq.  ii.  121 ;  Hartshorne's  Met.  Tales,  p.  86  ; 
Gy  of  Warwike,  pp.  5, 18  ;  Lay  le  Freine,  298  ; 
Kyng  of  Tars,  1088  ;  Rom.  of  the  Rose,  2667. 
Bymenyng,  moaning,  Kyng  Alisaunder,  534. 
Occasionally,  to  mean,  as  in  Havelok,  1259 ; 
Gesta  Rom.  p.  5  ;  Piers  Ploughman,  p.  13. 
And  sche  bigan  him  to  bimene. 

(lower,  MS.  Soc.  Antiq.  134,  f.  48. 
BIMINDE.     Mourned;  lamented.      Wicldiffe. 

Baber  has  bimorniden. 
BIN.  (1)  Been;  are;  were;  is.     Var.  dial    It 

also  occurs  in  several  of  our  old  dramatists. 
(2)  Because.    Somerset. 
BIND.   (1)   A  name  given  by  miners  to  any  in- 
durated argillaceous  substance. 

(2)  A  lot  of  eels.    Skinner.    According  to  Ken- 
nett,  MS.  Lansd.  1033,  two  hundred  and  fifty. 

(3)  A  hop-stalk.    South. 

(4)  Anything  that  binds.    East. 
BIND-CORN.    Buck-wheat. 
BIND-DAYS.    The  days  on  which  tenants  were 

obliged  to  reap  their  lord's  corn  at  harvest- 
time.  Apparently  the  same  as  bedrepes,  q.  v. 

BINDEN.    To  bind.     (A.-S.) 

BINDING.  (1)  A  hazel  rod  or  thorn,  two  or 
three  yards  long,  so  called  because  used  for 
binding  the  hedge-tops.  North. 

(2)  The  tiring  of  a  hawk.    Blome. 

BINDING-COURSE.  The  top  course  of  hay 
which  is  put  on  before  it  is  bound  on  the  cart 
with  a  rope.  North. 

BINDING  DAY.  The  second  Tuesday  after 
Easter,  called  also  Binding-Tuesday. 

BIND-WEED.  The  wild  convolvulus. 

BINEBY.  By  and  by.  North.  -Moor  gives  Mne~ 
line  in  the  same  sense. 

BINETHEN.  Beneath.    (A.-S.} 

BING.  (1)  To  begin  to  turn  sour,  said  of  milk. 
Chesh. 

(2)  Away.   Dec&er.    A  cant  term,  explained  by 
Grose  to  go.    See  also  Earle's  Microcosmo- 
graphy,  p.  255. 

(3)  A  superior  kind  of  lead.   Kennett's  Glossary, 
MS.  Lansd.  1033. 

(4)  A  bin.    Var.  dial.    il  Bynge"  occurs  in  the 
Prompt.  Parv.  p.  36. 

BINGE.  To  soak  a  vessel  in  water  so  as  to 
prevent  its  leaking.  Line. 

BINGER.   Tipsy.  Line. 

BING-STEAD.  The  place  where  ore  is  depo- 
sited. Kennett,  MS.  Lansd.  1033,  says  "  the 
hole  or  mouth  of  the  furnace  in  which  the 
fuel  is  put  is  calTd  the  Ung  of  the  furnace." 


BIB 


177 


BIS 


It  is  termed  ling-place  in  some  verses  quoted 

by  Blount,  in  v.  Bergmoth  ;  and  also  ling-hole. 
BI-NIME.     To  take  away.   (A.-SJ   Cf.  Gy  of 

Warwike,  p.  136.  Bynymmynge,  Reliq.  Antiq. 

ii.  52. 

Than  alle  his  ten  brethren  therfore  hateden  June, 
That  oure  Loverd  wole  habben  i-do  mai  no  man  binime. 
MS.  Bodl.  652,  f.  2. 

BINK.  A  bench.  North.  According  to  Kennett, 
the  link  of  a  coal-pit  is  "  the  subterraneous 
vault  in  a  mine."  See  his  glossary,  MS.  Lansd. 
1033  ;  and  lynke,  in  the  first  sense,  Towneley 
Myst.p.  317. 

Ane  iryne  bynke  thay  made  'with  strenghe, 
Fyftene  cubetesit  wasonelenghe. 

MS.  Lincoln  A.  i.  17,  f.  128. 
BINNE.  Within.   (A.-S.) 
BINNICK.  A  minnow.  Somerset. 
BINT.   Bound.   SMnner. 
BIPARTED.  Parted  in  two. 
BI-Q-UASSHEN.   To  crush  to  pieces.  (A.-S.} 
BIQUATH.  Bequeathed.  Hearne. 
BIRAFTE.  Bereft.   (A.-S.) 

That  verrily  his  discreseioun 
Was  him  birafte  in  conclusioun. 

MS.  Digby  230. 

BIRAU3TE.  Taken  away.  (X-S.) 
Only  for  lak  that  his  bemis  bryjte 
Weren  me  biraitfte  thorowthe  cloudy  mone. 

Lyrtgate,  MS.  Soc.  Antiq.  134,  f.  6. 

BIRCHING-LANE.  To  send  a  person  to  Birch- 
ing-lane,  a  proverbial  phrase  for  ordering 
him  to  be  whipped  or  otherwise  punished.  It 
was  formerly  a  place  for  buying  second-hand 
or  ready-made  clothes.  Nares.  See  Hawkins' 
Engl.  Dram.  iii.  267. 

BIRD,  (1)  A  lady.  (^.-£)  The  term  is  very 
common  in  early  English  poetry,  and  is  occa- 
sionally applied  to  the  other  sex,  as  in  Amis 
andAmiloun,  15. 

His  ost  spac  and  jaf  answare, 

And  jede  forth  with  the  bird  so  bold. 

Leg.  Cathol.  p.  35. 

(2)  Buried.  Leg.  Cath.  p.  121. 

(3)  The  pupil  of  the  eye,  or  perhaps  the  little 
reflected  image  on  the  retina,  or  that  of  a  very 
near  spectator  reflected  from  the  cornea.  East. 

(4;  An  egg  is  said  to  be  "  dead  of  bird"  when 
the  chicken  dies  very  shortly  before  the  pe- 
riod of  hatching.  East. 

(5)  Any  pet  animal.   Kent. 

(6)  Bread.  Exmoor. 

BIRD-BATTING.  A  method  of  catching  birds 
at  night  with  a  net  and  light,  described  in 
Strutt's  Sports,  p.  38.  See  also  Aubrey's 
Wilts,  Royal  Soc.  MS.  p.  30. 

BIRD-BOLT.  (1)  A  short  thick  arrow  with  a 
broad  flat  end,  used  to  Mil  birds  without 
piercing,  by  the  mere  force  of  the  blow,  Nares. 

(2)  The  burbot. 

BIRD-BOY.  A  boy  who  frightens  birds  from 
the  corn.  Var.  dial. 

BIRD-CALL.  A  small  whistle  used  to  imitate 
the  call  of  birds.  See  Blome's  GentRec.  ii.  122. 

BIRDER.    A  bird-catcher.    South. 

BIRD-EYED.    Near-sighted.    Jonson. 

BIRDING.    Bird-catching.    Var.  dial 


BIRD'S-EYE.    Germander  speedwell. 

BIRDS'-MEAT.     Haws.    Somerset. 

BIRE.    A  stall ;  a  cowhouse.    See  Arch,  xm 

203 ;  Bullein's  Dialogue,  1573,  p.  4. 
BI-REDE.     To  counsel.    (A.-S.)    See  Gy   of 
"Warwike,  p.  118;  Hartshorne's  Met.  Tales, 
p.  98,    Byradden,  Chronicle  of  England,  40. 
BIREDE.    Buried.    Arch.  xxix.  130. 
BIRELAY.    Avirelay.    (^.-JV.) 

And  eek  he  can  carollis  make, 
Rondealle,  balade,  and  Urelay. 

Gower,  MS.  Cantab,  f.  56. 

BI-REPE.    To  bind.    (A.-S.) 

BI-REYE.  To  bereave.    (A.-S.} 

BI-REWE.    Tome.    (A.-S.) 

BIRFUL.    Roaring.    Ritson. 

B1RGAND.    A  wild  goose.    Coclcer. 

BIRGEN.    A  grave,     Verstegan. 

BIRIEL.  Burial.  See  Leg.  Cath.  p.  203.  The 
more  usual  meaning  is  grave,  as  beriel,  q.  v. 

BIRK.  A  birch-tree.  North.  See  Davies'  York 
Records,  p.  274  (?)  \  Perceval,  773. 

BIRL.    A  rattling  noise.    North. 

BIRLADY.  By  our  Lady.  Nvrth.  A  very 
common  elliptical  form  in  our  old  writers. 

BIRLE.  To  pour  out ;  to  draw  wine.  (A.-S.} 
See  Torrent  of  Portugal,  p.  13;  Skelton,  ii.  167; 
Robson's  Met.  Rom.  p.  80. 

BIRLED.    Powdered;  spangled.    Huloet. 

BIRLER.  The  master  of  the  revels  at  a  bidding- 
wedding  in  Cumberland,  perhaps  from  &irle, 
one  of  his  duties  being  to  superintend  the  re- 
freshments. 

BIRNY.    A  cuirass,  coat  of  mail. 

BIRR.  Force;  violence;  impetus;  any  rapid 
whirling  motion.  North.  It  is  applied  to 
the  whizzing  of  any  missile  violently  thrown, 
as  in  Wickliffe,  Apoc.  xviii.  The  noise  of 
partridges  when  they  spring  is  called  birring. 
Alle  is  borne  at  a  byrre  to  Burdews  haven. 

MS.  Cott.  Calig.  A.  it.  f.  109. 

And  whenne  the  brigge  was  alle  redy,  he  badde  h,is 

knyghtes  wende  over  apone  it,  bot  whenne  thay  saw 

the  grete  rever  ryne  so  swiftely,  and  -with  so  giete  a 

byrre,  thay  dred  thame  that  the  brygge  schulde  falle. 

MS.  Lincoln  A.  i.  17,  f.  15. 

BIRRET.    A  hood.    Skinner. 

BIRSE.    A  bristle.    North. 

BIRSEL.    To  roast ;  to  broU.    North. 

BIRT.  A  kind  of  turbot.  See  Ordinances  and 
Regulations,  pp.  175,  181,  182;  Harrison's 
Description  of  England,  p.  224.  Huloet  has 
"  byrte  fyshe,  rhombus" 

BIRTH.    A  place;  a  station.     Var.  dial 

BIRTHDOM.    Birthright.    Shak. 

BIRTHE-MEN.Menofbirthorcondition.^.-^.) 

BIRTHENE.    A  burden.    (A.-S.} 

BIRTLE.  (1)  Brittle.    East. 

(2)  A  summer  apple.  x  Yorfak. 

BIRYE.    A  city;  a  town.    Ps.Cott. 

BIRYNG.    Burial.    Nug.  P«et  p.  3. 

BIS.  A  delicate  blue  colour ;  but  the  term  is 
frequently  applied  to  a  silk  of  fine  texture,  and 
to  other  colours,  black  or  dark  grey.  Roque- 
forte  explains  oysse,  "  sorte  d'e'toffe  de  soie," 
which  is  dearly  the  meaning  of  the  term  in 

12 


BIS  1 

Chron.  Vilodun,  p.  34,  "  under  a  curtail  of 
purpur  byse;"  Launfal,  284,  "i-heled  with 
purpur  bys;"  LybeausDisconus,2071  ;  Wright's 
Lyric  Poetry,  pp.  30,  35 ,-  BaUad  of  Patient 
Grissel,  "  instead  of  fiis  and  purest  pall  ;*'  Gesta 
Rom.  pp.  33,207,  210 ;  Middletoa's  Works,  v. 
558 ;  Peele's  Works,  ii.  228.  "  Purple  and 
biss"  are  mentioned  together  by  Mapes,  MS. 
Bodl.  85],  f,  35.  See  also  Florio,  inv.  Azwr- 
rino. 

The  kynges  of  erthe  that  ban  don  lecehene  with 
her,  and  ban  lyvid  In  delites,  whanne  thei  schullyn 
se  the  smoke  of  her  brennyng,  stondyngafer  wepyng 
and  weylyng'  and  seiyng,alas  !  alas  !  that  grete  cite 
that  was  clothd  with  fiiwand  porpur,  and  brasil,  and 
overgyld  with  gold  and  presious  stony? ) 

Wimbdtort's  Sermon,  1388,  MS.  Hattun  5?,  p.  18. 

BI-SAL  Saw  fit ;  thought  fit.  Hearne.  See 
By  say,  Rob.  Glouc.  p.  192,  and  *by-sayen,  Kyng 
Alisaunder,  4605.  In  the  latter  instance,  the 
Bodl.  MS.  reads  beseighen. 

BIS  CAN.    A  finger-glove.    Devon. 

BISCHEDITH.    Overnoweth.    Baler. 

BISCHET.  Shut  up.  (J.-S.)  See  Octovian, 
1280?  Arthour  and  Merlin,  p.  23;  Piers 
Ploughman,  p.  405. 

BI-SCHYNETH.     Shines  upon.    (A.-S.) 

BISCORE.    Immediately. 

BI-SCOT.  A  fine,  the  nature  of  which  is  de- 
scribed by  Blount,  in  v.  It  was  imposed  ^on 
the  owners  of  marsh  lands  for  not  keeping 
them  in  proper  repair. 

BISCUIT.  A  plain  cake  as  distinguished  from 
a  richer  one.  A  seed-biscuit  is  a  plain  cake 
made  either  with  seeds  or  plums.  Sussex. 

BI-SE.    To  look  about ;  to  behold.    (A.-S.) 

BI-SEGGEN.    To  reproach ;  to  insult.  (A.-S.) 

BI-SEKEN,  To  beseech.  (A.-SJ  Also  bi-sechen. 
See  Piers  Ploughman,  p.  18 ;  Langtoft,  p.  73 ; 
Havelok,  2994. 

BISELET.    A  carpenter's  tool 

BI-SEMEN.    To  appear.    (A.-S.) 

BISEN,    Blind.    (A.-S.) 

Thei  met  a  bisen  mon  tho, 
And  him  thei  duden  necle 
To  take  that  on  ende  of  that  tre 
To  go  the  better  spede. 
Cursor  Mundi*  MS.  Coll.  Trin.  Cantab,  f.  102. 
EI-SHNDE.    Sent  to.  (A.-S.)   See  Rob.  Giouc. 
Chron.  p.  524.    Bisewt,  Langtoft,  p.  309,  ex- 
plained by  Hearne,  beseeched. 
BI-SETTEN.    To  place ;  to  set.    (A.-S.) 
BISEXT.    Leap-year,    (L&t.) 
BISGEE.    A  kind  of  mattock,  with  a  short  han- 
dle, calculated  so  as  to  serve  both  for  a  pick- 
axe and  a  common  axe.     West. 
BISH.    A  bishop.     Hearne. 
BI-SHEREWEN.    To  curse.     (A^SL) 
He  semeth  to  be  ryjte  welle  thew'uJ* 
And  jlthis  herte  is  alle  bi-screicid. 

Gower,  MS.  Soo,  Antiq.  134,  f .  42. 

BI-SHETTEN.    To  shut  up.     (A.-S.) 

BISHOP.    (1)  Milk  that  is  burnt  in  the  pan  is 

said  in  the  northern  counties  to  be  oishopped, 

or  sometimes  that  "  the  bishop  has  set  his 

foo$  in  it."    Perhaps  the  best  explanation  is 


r$  BIS 

that  given  by  Tyndale,  quoted  in  Jaraieson, 
suppl.  i.  92. 

(2)  A  pinafore  or  bib.     Warw. 

(3)  To  produce  artificial  marks   on  a  horse's 
tooth,  for  the  purpose  of  deceiving  as  to  its 
age.     Var.  dial. 

(4)  A  lady-bird,  which  also  goes  by  the  name 
of  Ushop-oarnabee^  bishop-benebee,  and  bishop- 
benetree.    Florio,  in  v.  Farfdlla,  "  a  flie  that 
hovering  about  a  candle  burnes  itself e,  of  some 
called  a  bishop"  which  is  probably  a  smaller 
insect. 

(5)  Florio  gives  one  of  the  meanings  of  Fitngo, 
"  that  firy  round  in  a  burning  candle  called 
the  bishop" 

(6)  To  water  the  balls,  .a  term  used  by  printers. 

(7)  To  confirm.    North.     See  Stanihurst's  De- 
scription of  Ireland,  p.  27. 

And  also  within  the  fyfte  3ere. 
Do  that  thei  bischoped  were. 

MS.  Cantab.  Ff.  v.  48,  f.  2. 
BISHOPPING.    Confirmation.  East.    See  early 

instances  in  Arch.  xxv.   498 ;    Pilkington's 

Works,  p.  553 ;  Cotgrave,  in  v.  Confirmation. 
BISHOP'S-FINGER.    A  guide-post ;  so  called, 

according  to  Pegge,  because  it  shows  the 

right  way  but  does  not  go. 
BISIE.    Busy.    (A.-S.) 
BISIED.    Agitated.     Gwo. 
BISILKE.     See   the  Rates  of   the  Custome 

House,  1545,  "  tisilfa  the  groce  conteyning 

•xii.  dossen  peces,  x.  s." 
BI-SITTEN.    To  beset.     (A.-S.) 
BISK.    (1)  A  term  at  tennis,  a  stroke  allowed 

to  the  weaker  party  to  equalize  the  players. 

See  Howell,  sect,  28. 

(2)  To  rub  over  with  an  inky  brush.    See  the 
new  edition  of  Boucher,  in  v. 

(3)  Broth  made  by  boiling  several  kinds  of 
flesh  together. 

I  had  scarce  prcnounced  them,  but  I  found  the 
odor  of  the  most  admirable  bisk  that  ever  fura'd 
into  Dives  his  nostrils.  A  Comical  History  of  the 
Worldin  the  Mean,  1659. 

BISKY.    A  biscuit.     West 
BISMARE.  Infamy;  reproach  {disgrace.  (A.-S.) 
See  Piers  Ploughman,  pp.  82,  413 ;  Chaucer,  ' 
Cant.  T.  3963 ;  Launfal,  923 ;  Kyng  Alisaun- 
der, 648;   Gy  of  Warwike,   pp,   126,  215; 
Rob.  Glouc.  pp.  12,   145;    Walter  Mapes, 
p.  342.    Also  a  substantive,  a  shameless  per- 
son, oysmare,  Cov.  Myst.  pp.  140,  217,  in 
which  sense  it  occurs  in  Douglas,  quoted  by 
Jamieson. 

Thai  seyd  he  schuld  nought  have 
Bot  strokes  and  ftwtnaw. 

Arthour  and  Merlin,  p.  73. 
And  he  that  broghte  here  to  that  bysmere, 
For  here  foly  he  shal  answere. 

MS.  Harl.  1701,  f,  49. 

BISME.    An  abyss ;  a  pit. 

BISNE.     (1)  A  blind  person.     (A.-S.) 

Thou,  as  a'  littille  bisne,  a  dwerghe,  a  halfe 
marine,  and  ortez  ©f  alle  menue,  de&7r«nd  to  over 
passe  thi  littillnesse,  rijte  as  a  mouse  crepe*  outft 
of  hir  hole.  Life  of  Alexander*  Lincoln  MS.  f,  7. 

(2)  An  example.    (^.-5.) 


BIT 


179 


BIT 


Tharefore  the  es  better  amend  the  of  thi  mys- 
dediSj  than  we  take  swilke  wreke  appone  the  that 
other  mene  take  bisne  therby.  MS.  Lincoln  A.  i. 
17,  f-  9. 

BI-SNEWID.     Covered  with  snow.     (A.-S.} 
And  as  a  busche  whiche  is  bi-snewid, 
Here  berdis  weren  hore  and  white. 

Gotaer,  MS.  Soc.  Antiq.  134,  f.  51. 

BISOKNE.    Delay;  sloth.    Hearne. 

BISON.    A  bull. 

BI-SOWED.     Sowed ;  stitched.     (A.-S.} 
The  ded  body  was  It-sowed 
In  cloth  of  golde,  and  leyde  therinne. 

Gower,  MS.  Soc.  Antiq.  134,  f .  236. 

BI-SPAT.   Spat  upon.    WicWffe. 
BI-SPEKE.  To  counsel.    Weber.  It  also  occurs 

in  the  sense  of,  to  speak,  to  accuse. 
BISPEL.  A  term  of  reproach.  Cumb*  Kennett, 

MS.  Lansd.  1033,  says  "  a  notorious  knave  or 

rascalL"    In  some  counties  a  natural  child  is 

so  called. 

BI-SPEREN.  To  lock  up.   (A.-S.) 
BI-SPRENGDE.  Sprinkled.  (A.-S.)  Eysprent, 

scattered,  Skelton,  ii.  403. 

The  childes  clothes  that  were  gode, 
Al  a  bi-sprengde  with  that  blode. 

SevesofHamtoun,  p.  16. 
BISS.  A  hind.    (A.-N.)    See  a  list  of  beasts  in 

Reliq.  Antiq.  i.  154. 
BISSCHADEWETH.   Shades.   (A^S.) 

The  grete  bough  that  over  him  is, 
So  him  bisschadetveth,  i-wis, 
That  hit  mai  have  no  thedom. 

Sevyn  Sages,  586. 

BISSEN.  Art  not.    West. 
BISSON.   SeeBeesen. 

BISSYN.  To  lull  children  to  sleep.  Prompt. 
Par®.  See  the  several  entries,  p.  37,  bys$yne, 
byssynge,  &c. 

BIST.  (1)  Thou  art ;  art  thou  ?   West. 
(2)Abyest.  Scott. 
BISTARD.  A  bustard.  Florio. 
BISTERE.    To  bestir. 

Fond  we  ous  to  bistere, 
And  our  lond  sumdel  to  were. 

Arthour  and  Merlin,  p.  159. 

BISTOCKTE.  A  stock  of  provisions  ? 

Also  ye  most  ordeyne  your  bittocJcte  tohavewyth 
yow,  for  thow  ye  schal  be  at  the  tabyl  wyth  yowre 
patrone,  notwythstondyng  ye  schal  oft  tyme  have 
nede  to  yowre  vytelys  bred,  chese,  eggys,  frute  and 
bakyn,  wyne  and  other,  to  make  yowre  collasyun. 

a>  xxi.410. 


BISTODE.    Stood  by  or  near.  (A.-S.)  Scott  ex- 
plains it  withstood,  but  see  Sir  Tristrem,  p.  154. 
BI-STRETE.    Scattered.   Hearne. 
BISWIKE.   SeeBeswike. 
BI-SWINKEN.  To  labour  hard.   (A.-S.) 
BISYHED.   Business. 

Siayhed,  care,  and  sorowe, 

Is  with  mony  uche  a-morowe. 

Kyng  Aliaaunder,  3. 
BIT.  (1)  Biddeth.   Chaucer. 

(2)  The  lower  end  of  a  poker.  Also,  to  put  a  new 
end  to  a  poker.    West. 

(3)  The  nick  of  time.  North,  "  Bit"  is  often  used 
without  the  preposition ;  "  a  wee  bit  bairn,"  a 
very  small  child. 

BITAISTE.    Gave.   (AsS.) 


BITAKE.    To  commit.   (A.-S.) 

And  men  and  passand  for  her  bitakens  it  haly 
kirke  fra  ye.  MS.  Coll.  Eton.  10,  f.  22. 

BITCH.  (1)  The  female  companion  of  a  vagrant. 
A  general  term  of  reproach.  "  As  drunk  as 
a  fidler's  bitch,"  a  phrase  still  in  use,  and 
found  in  another  form  in  Piers  Ploughman, 
p.  98.  "  Byche-clowte,"  a  worthless  woman, 
Cov.  Myst.  p.  218. 

[2)  A  miner's  tool  used  in  boring.  North. 

BITCH-DAUGHTER.  The  night-mare.  Yortoh. 

BITE.  (1)  To  "  bite  the  ear"  was  once  an  ex- 
pression of  endearment,  and  Jonson  has  biting 
the  nose  in  a  similar  sense,  ii.  184.  We  still 
say  to  children,  "  I  am  so  fond  of  yon  I  could 
eat  you  up."  To  "bite  the  thumb"  at  a 
person,  an  insult.  See  Rom.  and  Jul.  i.  1. 

(2)  To  abide ;  to  alight.  Hearne. 

(3)  To  drink.  (A.-S.) 

Was  therinne  no  page  so  lite, 

That  evere  wolde  ale  bite.    Havelok,  1731. 

(4)  The  hold  which  the  short  end  of  a  lever  has 
upon  the  thing  to  be  lifted.    A  short  bite  or 
a  long  bite  means  a  greater  or  lesser  degree 
of  length  from  the  ralcrum. 

(5)  To  smart.    Chaucer. 
BITEN.  (1)  To  bite.  (A.-S.) 
(2)  Between.    Langtoft,  p.  10. 
BITHOUHT.   Contrived.    (A~S.) 

Seven  barbicanes  ther  beth  i-wrouht, 

With  gret  ginne  al  bithoteht. 

Warton's  Hist,  Engl.  Poet.  i.  76. 
BI-TIDEN.   To  happen;  to  betide.  (A.-S.) 
BI-TIME.     Betimes.    (A.-S.) 
BITLEHEAD.    A  blockhead.    Somerset. 
BITORE.    A  bittern.   (A.-N.) 
BITRENT.  Twisted ;  carried  round.   Chaucer. 
BITTE.  (1)  The  steel  part  of  an  axe. 
(2)  Bad;  commanded. 

We  may  to  the  say  ry5te  as  hee  bitte, 

With,  devouteherte  knelynge  on  oure  kne. 

Lydgate,  MS.  Soc.  Antiq.  134,  f.  19 

BITTERBUMP.  The  bittern.  Lane.  Also 
called  the  bitter,  as  in  Middleton's  Works,  v. 
289;  bittor,  Chester  Plays,  L  51;  bit  tour, 
Florio,  in  v.  Astoria.  See  also  Skelton's 
Works,  ii.  130,  266. 

BITTER-SWEET,  The  wood  nightshade,  ac- 
cording to  Gerard,  p.  278.  A  kind  of  apple 
is  also  called  by  this  name,  or  a  bitter-sweet- 
ing, as  in  Romeo  and  Juliet,  ii.  4.  Nares  lias 
noticed  other  instances. 

For  all  suche  tyme  of  love  is  lore, 

And  like  unto  the  tttter-twete  ; 

For  though  it  thinke  a  man  fyrst  swete, 

He  shall  well  felen,  at  laste, 

That  it  is  sower,  and  male  not  laste. 

Gow,  ed.  1554,  f .  174. 
BITTIRFULL.   Sorrowful.    Chaucer, 
BITTLE.  A  beetle.   Wilts. 
BITTLIN.    A  milk-bowl.    Grose  gives  a  Der- 
byshire proverb,  "  I  am  very  wheamdw,  quoth 
the  old  "woman,  when  she  stept  into  the  mid- 
dle of  the  bittlin." 
BITTRE.  Bitterly.  (A.-S.) 
BITTS.   Instruments  used  in  blasting  in  mines. 
North, 


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BITTYWELP.    Headlong.   Beds. 
BIVEL.    Befell.   Rob.  Glouc. 
BIWAKE.    To  watch ;  to  guard.    Weber. 
BI-WAN.    Won;   obtained;    got.     See   Rob. 

Glouc.  p.  21 ;  Langtoft,  p,  323. 
BIWARED.     Warned. 

Who  that  hath  his  wit  biivared, 
Upon  a  flatoure  to  bileve. 

Gower,  MS.  Soc.  Antiq.  134,  f.  209. 

BI-WENTE.    Turned  about.   (^.-S.) 
Wan  the  gostit  scholcle  go,  yt  bi-wente  and  with-stod. 
Walter  Mapes,  App.  p.  334, 

BIWEVED.    Covered.   (A.-S.)     Also,  woven, 
wrought.  »  See  Kyng  Alisaunder,  1085. 
A  man  he  semed  of  michel  might, 
Ac  poverliche  he  was  biweved. 

Gy  of  Warwike,  p.  303. 

BI-WICCHEN.    To  bewitch.    (A.S.) 

,  BI-WILLE.    To  beguile.    The  Trinity  College 

MS.  reads  ligyle. 

Sorful  bicom  that  fals  file, 

And  thojht  how  he  moght  man  U-wilte. 

MS.  Cutt.  Vespas.  A.  iii.  f.  5. 

BI-WINE.  To  win.    (A.-S.) 

BI-WITE.    To  know.  (A.-S.) 

BIWOPE.     Full  of  tears;  bewept.     See  the 

Sevyn  Sages,  1186  ;  Troilus  and  Creseide,  iv. 

916,  biwopin. 

BI-WORPE.    To  cast.    (^.-£) 
BIWREYE.    To  betray. 

I  hadde  lever  utturly  to  dye, 

Than  thorow  my  worde  this  mayde  for  to  spille, 

As  y  mot  nede,  yf  y  hire  biiureye. 

Lydgate,  MS.  Soc.  Antiq.  134,  f.  4, 

B1WYMPLID.   Covered  with  a  wimple. 
And  soujte  aboute  with  his  honde 
That  other  bed,  tille  that  he  fonde 
Where  lay  biwymplid  a  visage. 

Comer,  MS.  Soc.  Antiq.  134,  f.  170. 

BIYETE.  To  beget.    (A.-S.)    See  Sevyn  Sages, 

230,  1057. 

BI-YONDE.  Beyond.  (^.-S.)    When  used  in- 
definitely it  signifies  beyond  sea. 
BIZON.    A  term  of  reproach.    North. 
BIZZ.  To  buzz.  North.   (Teut.) 
BI3B.   To  buy. 
BI3ETE.    Gain.    (4.-S.)     See  Wright's   Pol. 

Songs,  p,  200  ;  Gy  of  Warwike,  p.  339. 
BI-3UNDE.   Beyond.    See  Life  of  St.  Brandan, 

p.  3 ;  bijende,  Wright's  Anec.  Lit.  p.  5. 
BLAA.    Blue.    JorJcsh.    Applied  more  particu- 
larly to  the  appearance  of  the  flesh  after  a 
heavy  blow. 

And  bett  hym  tille  his  rybbis  braste, 
And  made  his  fle&,che  fulle  blaa. 

Sir  Isumbras,  311. 

BLAANED.   Half-dried.    Yartoh. 
BLABBER.  (1)  To  talk  idly. 

Whi  presumyst  thou  so  proudli  to  prophecie  these 

thingis, 

And  wost  no  more  what  thou  blaberest  than  Ba- 
lames  asse.  MS.  Digby  41,  f.  3. 

(2)  To  put  out  the  tongue  loosely. 

To  mocke  anybody  by  blabboring  out  the  tongue 
is  the  part  of  waghalters  and  lewd  boyes,  not  of 
well  mannered  children. 

Schools  of  Good  Mannertf  1629. 


I  (3)  To  whistle  to  a  horse. 

BLABBER-LIPPED.  Having  thick  lips.  Huloet 
translates  it  by  Achilles.  Cf.  Florio,  in  v. 
Childne. 

BLACEBERGAN.  The  blackberry.  (A.-S.) 
This  term  occurs  in  an  early  list  of  plants  in 
MS.  Hunter  100. 

BLACK.  Mischievous;  malignant;  unpropitious. 
The  Latin  niger  is  used  in  Horace  in  a  like 
sense.  See  Ben  Jonson,  ii.  39-  This  maybe 
the  meaning  of  the  term  in  the  common 
phrase  "  black's  his  eye,"  implying  either  a 
personal  or  moral  blemish,  or  any  misconduct. 
The  pupil  was  formerly  called  the  llacJc  of  the 
eye.  See  Boucher.  A  "  black  day,"  an  unfor- 
tunate, unpropitious  day.  "  Black  and  white," 
writing  or  printing,  a  phrase  still  in  use. 
"  Black  burning  shame,"  a  very  great  shame: 
"  Black  heart,"  a  very  unfeeling  heart.  A 
black-mouthed  Presbyterian,  one  who  con- 
demns everything  and  accuses  everybody, 
denying  the  right  of  the  most  innocent  indul- 
gences. A  black  witch,  a  witch  that  works 
evil  and  mischief  to  men  or  beasts. 
The  riche  and  mygty  man,  thouje  he  trespace, 
No  man  sayeth  onis  that  blak  is  his  y$e. 

Occleve,  MS.  Soc.  Antiq.  134,  f.  267. 

Why,  yow  have  named  yt  a  fooles,  madam.    A 

foole  may  doe  all  things,  and  no  man  say  black's  Ms 

eye.  The  Tell  Tale,  Dulwich  College  MS. 

BLACK-ALMAIN.     A  dance,  the  figures  of 
which  are  given  in  the  Shak.  Soc.  Papers,  i.  26. 
BLACKAMOOR.     The  bull-rush  when  in  full 
bloom.     /.   Wight.     In  Somersetshire,  the 
sweet  scabious  is  called  blackamoor's  beauty. 
BLACK-AND-BLUE.     The  result  of  violent 
beating.     Huloet  has,  "  beaten  blacke  and 
bloo,  suggittatus." 

Dismembyr  hym  noght,  that  on  a  tre 
For  the  was  made  bothe  blak  and  bio. 

MS.  Coll.  Jtis.  Cantab.  Q.  y.  3. 

BLACK-ART.    Necromancy. 

BLACK-A-VIZED.  Dark  in  complexion.  North. 

BLACK-BASS.  A  measure  of  coal  lying  upon 
tine  flatstone,  q.  v.  Salop. 

BLACKBERRY.    When  Falstaff  says,  «  if  rea- 
sons were  as  plenty  as  blackberries,"  he  of 
course  alludes  to  the  extreme  commonness  of 
that  fruit ;  but  it  does  not  appear  to  have  been 
observed  that  the  term  was  applied  at  a  much 
earlier  period  in  a  very  similar  manner. 
The  lorde  not  deigneth  undirstonde  his  peyne, 
He  setteth  not  therby  a  blak-berye. 

Occleve,  MS.  Soc.  Antiq.  134,  f,  278. 

BLACKBERRIES.     Black-currants.     Cumb. 

BLACOERRY-SUMMER,  The  fine  weather 
which  is  generally  experienced  at  the  latter 
end  of  September  and  the  beginning  of  Octo- 
•ber,  when  the  blackberries  ripen.  Hants. 

BLACK-BESS.  A  beetle.  Sakp.  In  Berk- 
shire,  a  blackbeetle  is  called  a  UacMol);  in 
Yorkshire,  a  Hack-clock;  and  in  Cornwall,  a 
Mack-worm. 

BLACK-BITCH.    A  gun.    North. 

BLACK-BOOK.  An  imaginary  record  of  offences 
and  sins.  North. 


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BLACKBOWWOWERS.   Blackberries.   North. 

BLACKBROWN.     Brunette.     Florio. 

BLACK-BUG.  A  hobgoblin.  Florio  has, "  Le- 
miiri,  the  ghostes  or  spirits  of  such  as  dye 
before  their  time,  hobgoblins,  black-bugs*  or 
night-walking  spirits." 

BLACK-BURIED.  In  infernum  missus.  Skin- 
ner. A  phrase  that  has  puzzled  all  the  edi- 
tors of  Chaucer  to  explain  satisfactorily.  See 
Urry's  edition,  p.  133 ;  Tyrwhitt,iv.  274. 

BLACK-CAP.     The  bullfinch.     Lane. 

BLACK-COAT.     A  clergyman.     Boucher. 

BLACK-CROSS-DAY.  St.-  Mark's  day,  April  25. 

BLACKEYED-SUSAN.  A  well  pudding,  with 
plums  or  raisins  in  it.  Sussex. 

BLACK-FASTING.  Rigid,  severe  fasting.  North. 

BLACK-FOOT.  The  person  who  attends  the 
principal  on  a  courting  expedition,  to  bribe  the 
servant,  ingratiate  himself  with  the  sister,  put 
any  friend  off  his  guard,  or  in  certain  cases  to 
introduce  his  friend  formally.  North. 

BLACK-FROST.  Frost  without  rime.   Var.  dial. 

BLACK-GRASS.    The  fox-tail  grass.    East. 

BLACK-GUARD.  A  nickname  given  to  the 
lowest  drudges  of  the  court,  the  carriers  of 
coal  and  wood,  the  labourers  in  the  scullery, 
&c.  Hence  the  modern  term,  and  its  applica- 
tion. See  Ben  Jonson,  ii.  169 ;  Beaumont  and 
Fletcher,  i.  21 ;  Middleton,  ii.  546;  Webster, 
i.  20. 

BLACKHEAD.    Aboil.     West. 

BLACKING.  A  kind  of  pudding,  perhaps  the 
same  as  blood-pudding,  mentioned  by  Fairfax, 
Bulk  and  Selvedge  of  the  World,  1674,  p.  159, 
as  then  made  in  Derbyshire. 

BLACK-JACK.  (1)  A  large  leather  can,  formerly 
in  great  use  for  small  beer.  See  Unton  In- 
ventories, p.  1 ;  Brand's  Pop.  Antiq,  ii.  206  ; 
Ord.  and  Reg.  p.  392 ;  Heywood's  Edward  IV. 
p.  97. 

Nor  of  blacke  jacks  at  gentle  buttry  bars, 
Whose  liquor  oftentimes  breeds  houshuld  wars. 

Taylors  WorTtes,  1630,  i.  113. 

(2)  Sulphuret  of  zinc,  as  found  in  the  mines. 
Derbysh. 

BLACK-LAD-MONDAY.  Easter  Monday,  so 
called  from  a  curious  custom  on  that  day  at 
Ashton-under-Lyne,  termed  Riding  the  Black 
Lad,  described  in  Hone's  Every-day  Book,  ii. 
467.  It  is  said  to  have  arisen  from  there 
having  been  formerly  a  black  knight  who  re- 
sided in  these  parts,  holding  the  people  in 
vassalage,  and  using  them  with  great  severity. 

BLACK-MACK.  A  blackbird.  Florio  has, 
"  Merlo,  an  owsell,  a  blackmucke,  a  merle  or 
blacke-bird."  It  is  sometimes  called  the 
black-ousel. 

BLACK-MEN.  Fictitious  men,  enumerated  in 
mustering  an  army,  or  in  demanding  coin  and 
livery.  See  the  State  Papers,  ii.  110. 

BLACK-MONDAY.  Easter  Monday,  so  called 
from  the  severity  of  that  day  in  1360,  which 
was  so  unusual,  that  many  of  Edward  III.'s 
soldiers,  then  before  Paris,  died  from  the  cold. 
This  is  Stowe's  explanation,  Annales,  p.  264, 


but  another  account  is  given  by  Fordun.  The 
term  is  found  in  Shakespeare.  See  also  Stain- 
hurst's  Description  of  Ireland,  p.  21  -,  Sharp's 
Chroii.  Mirab.  p.  9.  It  is  also  the  schoolboy's 
term  for  the  first  Monday  after  the  holidays, 
when  they  are  to  return  to  their  studies. 

BLACK-MONEY.  Money  taken  by  the  har- 
bingers or  servants,  with  their  master's  know- 
ledge, for  abstaining  from  enforcing  coin  and 
livery  in  certain  places,  to  the  prejudice  of 
others.  See  the  State  Papers.,  ii.  510. 

BLACK-NEB.    The  carrion-crow.    North. 

BLACK-OX.  The  black  ox  has  trod  on  his  foot, 
a  proverbial  phrase,  meaning  either  to  be  worn 
with  age  or  care.  See  Nares,  p.  44  ;  Martin 
Mar-Prelate's  Epitome,  p.  10.  Toone  says  it 
signifies  that  a  misfortune  has  happened  to  the 
party  to  which  it  is  applied. 

BLACK-POLES.  Poles  in  a  copse  which  have 
stood  over  one  or  two  falls  of  underwood. 
HerffordsJi. 

BLACK-POT.  Blackpuddhig.  Somerset.  Called 
in  some  places  bhck-piy-pudding. 

BLACKS.  Mourning.  An  appropriate  word, 
found  in  writers  of  the  16th  and  17th  centu- 
ries. See  Nares,  in  v. 

BLACK-SANCTUS.  A  kind  of  burlesque  hymn, 
performed  with  all  kinds  of  discordant  and 
strange  noises.  A  specimen  of  one  is  given  in 
Harrington's  Nugae  Ant.  i.  14.  Hence  it  caine 
to  be  used  generally  for  any  confused  and  vio- 
lent noise.  See  Dodsley,  vi.  177  ;  Ben  Jonson, 
viii.  12 ;  Tarlton,  p.  61  ;Cotgrave,  in  v.  Tint  a- 
marre,  "  a  blacke  santus,  thelowd  wrangling, 
or  jangling  outcryes  of  scoulds,  or  scoulding 
fellowes ;  any  extreame  or  horrible  dinne." 

BLACKSAP.  The  jaundice  in  a  very  advanced 
state.  East* 

BLACK-SATURDAY.  The  first  Saturday  after 
the  old  Twelfth  Day,  when  a  fair  is  annually 
held  at  Skipton.  Yorksh. 

BLACK-SCULLS.  Florio  has,  "  CappeWU, 
souldiers  serving  on  horsebacke  with  skuls  or 
steelecaps,  skulmen,  black-skuls" 

BLACK-SPICE.  Blackberries.    Yorteh. 

BLACK-SUNDAY.  Passion  Sunday. 

BLACK-TAN.  Spoken  of  gipsies,  dogs,  &c. 
"  Dat  dere  pikey  is  a  reglar  black-tan."  Kent. 

BLACKTHORN-CHATS.  The  young  shoots  of 
blackthorn,  when  they  have  been  cut  down,  to 
the  root.  East.  The  cold  weather  which  is 
often  experienced  at  the  latter  end  of  April 
and  the  beginning  of  May,  when  the  black- 
thorn is  in  blossom,  is  called  blackthorn- 
winter. 

BLACK-TIN.  Tin  ore  ready  for  smelting. 

BLACK-WAD.  Manganese  in  its  natural  state. 
Derbysh. 

BLACK-WATER.  Phlegm  or  black  bile  on  the 
stomach,  a  disease  in  sheep,  Yorksh.  It  is 
an  expression  always  applied  by  way  of  con- 
trast to  denote  the  absence  of  nutritive  quali- 
ties in  water  merely.  North.  A  receipt  for 
black-water,  a  kind  of  ink,  is  given  in  MS. 
Sloane  117  f.  115. 


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BLADDER-HEADED.    Stupid.    South. 

BLADDERS.  The  kernels  of  wheat  affected  by 
the  smut.  Fast.  Kennett,  MS.  Lansd.  1033, 
has,  "bladders  of  the  skin,  little  wheels  or 
rising  blisters/'  The  last  from  A.  S.  blsedra. 

BLADDYRTH.   Grows?   (A.-S.) 

Avaryssia  ys  a  soukyng  sore, 

He  bladdyrth  and  byldeth  alle  in  my  boure. 

MS.  Cantab.  Ff.  i.6,  f.  46. 

BLADE.  To  trim  plants  or  hedges.  Salop.  See 
the  Prompt.  Parv.  p.  37,  "bladyne  herbys,  or 
take  away  the  bladys,  detirso  f  Salop.  Antiq. 
p.  328.  *  ,  ^ 

BLADES.  (1)  The  principal  rafters  or  hacks  of 
a  roof.  Oxf.  Gloss.  Arch. 

(2)  Shafts  of  a  cart.    South. 

(3)  Bravoes ;  bullies. 

(4)  Huloet  has,  "  Hades  or  yarns  wyndles,  an 
instruments  of  huswyfery,p%zte" 

BLADGE.  A  low  vulgar  woman.  Lino. 

BLADIER.  An  engrosser  of  corn. 

BLAE.  A  blow*  North. 

BLAE-BERRY.   The  bilberry.  North. 

BL^EC.  According  to  Kennett,  MS.  Lansd. 
1033,  "  the  greas  taken  off  the  cart-wheels 
or  ends  of  the  axle-tree,  and  kept  till  it  is  dry, 
made  up  in  halls,  with  which  the  taylors  rub 
and  blacken  their  thread,  is  calld  in  Yorkshire 
Mac."  (A.-S) 

BLAITOORDE.  A  person  who  stammers,  or 
has  any  defect  in  his  speech.  Prompt.  Parv. 

BLAIN.  (1)  To  "blanch  ;  to  whiten.   North. 

(2)  A  boil.  A  kind  of  eruption  on  the  tongues 
of  animals  is  so  called. 

BLAKE.  (1)  Bleak  ;  cold ;  bare ;  naked.  North. 
The  word  occurs  in  the  Mirr,  for  Mag,  p.  207, 
quoted  by  Nares. 

(2)  To  cry  till  out  of  breath ;  to  burst  with  laugh- 
ter ;  to  faint.  Devon. 

(3)  Yellow.    Willan  says,   "dark  yellow,  or 
livid ;"  and  Upton,  in  his  MS.  additions  to 
Junius,   "blake,  jlavus;   proverbium  apud 
Anglos  JBoreales,  as  blake  as  a  paigle,  i.  e.  as 
yellow  as  a  cowslip."    This  proverb  is  also 
found  in  the  TorksMre  Ale,  1697,  p.  83. 

(4)  To  bleach ;  to  fade.  (4.&)    "  His  browes 
to  blake,"  to  vanquish,  him,  Perceval,  1056. 
Other  examples  of  this  phrase  occur  in  the 
same  romance,  688,  and  in  Robson's  Metrical 
Romances,  p.  64. 

BLAKELING.  The  yellow  bunting.  North. 
BLAKES.  Cow-  dung  dried  for  fuel.    Coles. 
BLAKID.  Blackened.   Chaucer. 
BLAKNE*  To  blacken  in  the  face;  to  grow 

angry.   (A.-S.) 
BLALC.   Black;  dark.  (A.-S.) 

The  water  was  llalc  and  brade. 

Sir  Tristrern,  p.  279. 

BLAME.   Blameworthy.  Shak.  It  is  also  a  com- 
mon imprecation.    "  Blame  me  1" 
^LAMEPLUM.    White-lead. 
BLAN.    Ceased.    (A.~S.)     See  Reliq,  Antiq.  ii. 
64;  Gy  of  Warwike,  p.  255. 
Fot  I  Wan,  mine  banes  elded  ai ; 
Whiles  I  cried  alle  the  dai. 

MS.  Cott.  retpas.  D.  vii.  f.  20. 


But  daunsed  fuithe  as  they  bygan, 
For  alle  the  messe  they  ne  Wan. 

MS.  Ha.fl.  1701 ,  f.  €0. 
He  ne  stynt,  ne  he  ne  Marine, 
To  Clementes  hows  tylle  thathecarne. 

MS.  Cantab.  Pf .  ii.  38,  f .  92. 

BLANCH.  (1)  Ore  -when  not  in  masses,  but  in- 
timately mixed  with  other  minerals,  is  called  a 
blanch  of  ore. 

(2)  To  whiten.    Also,  according  to  Baret,  to 
"  pull  of  the  rinde  or  pille."    See  his  Alvearie, 
1580,  B.  779.   Rider  has  Blanch,  the  name  of 
a  dog.  Blanchard  was  a  name  anciently  given 
to  a  -white  horse. 

(3)  To  evade  ;  to  shift  off. 
BLANCHE-FEVERE.    According  to  Cotgrave, 

"  the  agues  wherwith  maidens  that  have  the 
greene-sicknesse  are  troubled  ;  and  hence,  II  a 
lesfievres  blanches,  either  he  is  in  love,  or  sicke 
of  wantonnesse."  See  Troilus  and  Creseide, 
i.  917;  Urry's  Chaucer,  p.  543. 

BLANCHES.  Anything  set  round  a  wood  to 
keep  the  deer  in  it.  Various  articles  were  em- 
ployed for  the  purpose,  and  sometimes  men.  on 
this  service  were  so  called.  Nares  has  giyeu 
an  entirely  wrong  explanation  of  the  word ; 
and  Latimer,  whom  he  quotes,  merely  uses  it 
metaphorically.  As  a  chemical  term,  it  is 
found  in  Ashmole's  Theat,  Chem.  Brit.  p.  39. 
The  form  Mencher  also  occurs,  apparently 
connecting  our  first  meaning  with  tlench,  to 
start  or  fly  off.  See  also  BlinJcs. 

BLANCH-FARM,  An  annual  rent  paid  to  the 
Lord  of  the  Manor.  Yor&sh. 

BLANCMANGER.  A  made  dish  for  the  table, 
very  different  from  the  modern  one  of  the 
same  name.  The  manner  of  making  it  is  de- 
scribed in  the  Forme  of  Cury,  pp.  25, 87.  See 
Chaucer,  Cant.  T.  389;  Piers  Ploughman, 
p.  252 ;  Ordinances  and  Regulations,  p.  455. 

BLANC-PLUMB.    White-lead. 

BLANDAMENT.  A  dish  in  ancient  cookery. 
See  the  Feest,  st.  ix. 

BLANDE.    Mixed.  (^.-5.) 

Us  bus  have  a  Mode  blonde,  or  thi  ble  change. 

Marts  Anhure,  Lincoln  3fS.  f.  80. 

BLANDISE.    To  flatter.  (^.-M) 

In  this  psalroe  first  he  spekes  of  Crist  and  of  his 
folowers  btandesande — JMT5.  Coll.  Eton.  10,  f.  2. 

BLANDISING.     Flattery.    (A.-N.)     Blandy- 

mentes,  blandishments,  Hall,  Henry  VII.  f.  13, 

Despice  we  ihtixeblandesynges  and  thaire  manacesj 

and  kaste  we  fra  us  thaire  jhoke,— MS.  Coll.  Eton. 

10,  f.  4. 

BLAND  RE  LL.  AMndofapple.(^V.)  Sometimes 
spelt  blaunderelle.  S ee  Davies'  York  Records, 
p.  42  5  Lydgate's  Minor  Poems,  p.  15 ;  Ordi- 
nances and  Regulations,  p.  82 ;  Cotgrave,  in  v. 
Blandureau. 

BLANK.  The  white  mark  in  the  centre  of  a 
butt,  at  -which  the  arrow  was  aimed.  Also, 
the  mark,  the  aim,  a  term  in  gunnery.  A 
small  coin,  struck  by  Henry  V.  in  France, 
worth  about  four  pence,  was  so  called,  "but 
was  forbidden  by  statute  from  being  circu- 

1  lated  in  this  country.  See  Ben  Jonson,  v.  80  j 
Florio,  in  v.  Bianchi,  Bianco.  There  was  a  game 


BLA 


183 


BLA 


at   dice  formerly  so    called,  mentioned    in 

Collier's  Hist.  Dram.  Poet.  ii.  315.    Blanks, 

blank-verses,  Beaumont  and  Fletcher. 
BLANKER.    A  spark  of  fire.    West. 
BL ANKERS.    White  garments.     Skinner. 
BLANKET-PUDDING.    A  long  round  pudding 

made  of  flour  and  jam,  which  is  spread  over 

the  paste,  and  then  rolled  into  the  proper 

shape.    Sussex. 
BLANKETT.    A  kind  of  bird,  the  species  of 

which  does  not  appear  now  to  be  known. 

Also  spelt  blonkett.     See  the  Archseologia, 

xiii.  34 1,352. 
BLANK-MATINS.     Matins  sung  over  night. 

See  Liber  Niger  Domxis  Edw.  IV.  p.  50. 
BLANKNESS.    Paleness. 
BLANKS.     A  mode  of  extortion,  by  which 

blank  papers  were  given  to  the  agents  of  the 

crown,  which  they  were  to  fill  up  as  they 

pleased  to  authorize  the  demands  they  chose 

to  make.    Nares. 
BLANKS-AND-PRIZES.     Beans  with  boiled 

bacon  chopped  up  and  mixed  together;  the 

vegetable  being  termed  a  blank,  and  the  meat 

a  prize.    Salop. 
BLANK-SURRY.    A  dish  in  cookery.    Seethe 

Forme  of  Cury,  p.  100. 
BLANPEYN.    Oxford  white-loaves.  (A.-N.) 
BLANSCUE.     A  misfortune;  an  unexpected 

accident.    Somerset. 
BLARE.  (1)   To  put  out  the  tongue.     Yorksh. 

Palsgrave  has  "I  bleare  \uttx  the  tonge,  je 

tire  la  langue." 

(2)  To  roar;    to  bellow;   to  bleat;  to  cry. 
Var.  dial 

(3)  To  emblazon ;  to  display.    Percy. 
BLASE.    To  blazon  arms.     Chaucer. 
BLASEFLEMYS.    Blasphemies. 

BLASH.  (1)  To  splash.  Also,  to  paint.  North. 

Anything  wet  or  dirty  is  said  to  be  blashy. 
(2)  Nonsense;  rubbish.   Line.    Weak  liquor  is 

called  blashment,  and  is  said  to  be  blashy. 
BL  AS  ON.    The  dress  over  the  armour,  on  which 

the  armorial  bearings  were  blazoned. 
Blasons  blode  and  blankes  they  hewene. 

Morte  Arthwe,  MS.  Lincoln,  f.  73. 
BLASOtJR.    A  flatterer.    Skinner. 
BLASS.    The  motion  of  the  stars. 
BLASSEN.    To  illumine.     Rider. 
BLAST.  (1)   Skinner  gives  a  curious  phrase, 

"  blast  of  my  meat,"  as  current  in  Durham, 

meaning  modest,  abstemious. 

(2)  To  miss  fire.    Devon. 

(3)  An  inflammation  or  wound,  an  ailment  often 
attributed  to  the  action  of  witchcraft.  Somerset. 

(4)  To  cast  the  eyes  up  in  astonishment.  Devon. 

(5)  To  boast.   (A.-S.) 

Thei  thought  in  their  hartes,  and  blasted  emongest 
theimselves  that  the  Calicians  -would  leave  the  toune 
desolate,  andfliefor  their  savegard.— Hall,  Henry  VI. 
f.  49. 

BLASTED.  Hay  beaten  down  by  the  wind  is 
said  to  be  blasted.  North. 

BLASTEN.    Blowed;  breathed.     Weber. 

BLASY.    To  blaze ;  set  forth,    Sfotton, 


BLATANT.  Bellowing.  See  Hawkins'  Engl 
Dram.  iii.  283 ;  Brit.  Bibl.  i.  520.  It  would 
appear  from  Miege  that  it  was  also  used  in 
the  softer  sense  of  prattling. 

BLATE.  (1)  To  bellow.    North. 

(2)  Shy;  bashful;  timid.    North. 

(3)  Bleak ;  cold. 

And  Eve,  without  her  loving  mate, 
Had  thought  the  garden  wondrous  blate, 

Collins*  Miscellanies >  1762,  p.  113. 

BLATHER.    To  talk  a  great  deal  of  nonsense. 
A  person  who  says  much  to  little  purpose  is 
called  a  blathering  hash.    A  bladder  is  some- 
times pronounced  blather,  as  in  Akerman's 
Wiltshire   Glossary,  p.  6.    Blattering,  chat- 
tering, occurs  in  A  Comical  History  of  the 
World  in  the  Moon,  1659. 
There's  nothing  gain'd  by  being  witty ;  fame 
Gathers  but  wind  to  blather  up  a  name. 

Beaumont  and  Fletcher,  I.  Ii. 
BLATTER.    A  puddle.    North. 
BLAUN.    White.  (4<-N.) 
BLAUNCH.    A  Main.    East. 
BLAUNCHETTE.  Pine  wheaten  flour.  (A.-N.) 
With  blaunchette  and  other  flour, 
To  make  thaim  qwytter  of  colour. 

R.  de  Bruvtie,  MS*  ffotvet,  p.  20. 

BLATJNCHMER.    A  kind  of  fur. 

He  ware  a  cyrcote  that  was  grene; 
With  blaunchmer  it  was  furred,  I  wene. 

Syr  Degort,  701. 

BLAUNCH-PERREYB.  An  ancient  dish  in 
cookery,  the  receipt  for  which  is  given  in  MS. 
Rawl.  89,  and  also  in  a  MS.  quoted  in  the 
Prompt.  Parv.  p.  242. 

BLAUNDESORE.    A  dish  in  ancient  cookery  5 
sometimes,  pottage.    See  the  Feest,  st.  vi.  ; 
Warner's  Antiq.  Culin.  p.  55  ;  Pegge's  Forme 
of  Cury,  p.  26 ;  MS.  Sloane  1201,  f.  50. 
BLAUNER.     A  kind  of  fur,  very  likely  the 
same  with  blounchmer^  q.  T.  This  term  occurs 
several  times  in  Syr  Gawayne,  and  also  in 
Lybeans  Disconus,  117. 
BLAUTCH.    A  great  noise.    North. 
BLAUTHY.    Bloated.    East. 
BLAVER.    The  corn  blue-bottle.  North.   Also 

called  the  blawort. 

BLAWE.  To  blow.  Elawand,  Ywaine  and 
Gawin,  340.  Brockett  says,  "  to  breathe 
thick  and  quick  after  violent  exertion."  Boi-# 
to  blawe,  to  proclaim  or  make  boast.  See 
Amis  and  Amiloun,  1203. 

For  they  were  spente  my  boost  to  Waive, 
My  name  to  bere  on  londe  and  see. 

MS.  Cantab.  Ff.  ii.  38,  f,  16, 

BLAWINGr.    A  swelling.    North. 

BLAWNYNG.    White-lead. 

BLAWUN.    Censured.    See  the  Apology  for 

the  Lollards,  p.  24.    We  still  have  the  phrase 

blown  iip  in  the  same  sense. 
BLAWZE,    A  blossom.     Jork&h. 
BLAY.    Ablaze.  Essex. 
BLAYING.    Soft  speaking? 

Tell  her  in  your  piteous  Maying, 
Her  poor  slave's  unjust  decaying. 

Brit.  Bibl  i.  104. 
BLAZE.    (1)  According  to  Bkmnt.  «  blaze  i* 


BLE 


184 


BLE 


s  certain  fire  which  the  inhabitants  of  Staf- 
fordshire, and  some  other  counties,  were  wont, 
and  still  do  make,  oil  Twelf-eve,  5  Jan.  at 
night,  in  memory  of  the  blazing-star  that 
conducted  the  three  Magi  to  the  manger  at 
Bethlem."  Glossographia,  ed.  1681,  p.  88. 
Yule-logs  were  sometimes  called  blazes.  See 
Brand's  Pop.  Antiq.  i.  256.  _ 

(2)  To  take  salmon  by  striking  them  with  a 
three  pronged  and  barbed  dart.     North. 

(3)  A  horse  is  said  to  be  blazed  when  it  has  a 
white  mark;   and  a  tree,  when  marked  for 
sale.     In  America  the  term  is  applied  to  a 
tree'  partially  or  entirely  stripped  of  its  bark. 
See  the  Last  of  the  Mohicans,  ed.  1831, 
p.  363. 

(4)  A  pimple.     Yorksh. 
BLAZING-STAR.    A  comet. 

BLEA.    Yellow.    North.   Kennett,  MS.  Lansd. 

1033,  refers  this  to  the  Icelandic. 
BLEACHY.    Brackish.    Somerset. 
BLEAD.     Fruit.     Verstegan. 
BLEAK.     (1)  To  bleach.    South.     Bleaking- 

house,  Middleton,  v.  106. 

(2)  Pale  with  cold,  according  to  Kennett,  MS. 
Lansd.  1033.     "  To  waxe  pale  or  blea&e" 
is  the  translation  of  llesmir  in  Hollyband's 
Dictionarie,  1593.    See  Bkifa. 

(3)  Sheepish.    East. 

BLE  ART.    To  scold;  to  make  a  noise.     Var. 

dial 
BLEAT.    Cold;  bleak.    Kent.    This  form  is 

given  by  Kennett,  MS.  Lansd.  1033. 
BLEATER.    Mutton.    A  cant  term  occurring 
in  Brome's  Joviall  Crew,  or  the  Merry  Beg- 
gars, 1652.      See  Dodsley's  Old  Plays,  x. 
372. 

BLEAUNT.  A  kind  of  rich  cloth ;  also,  a  robe 
or  mantle.  The  term  occurs  in  Syr  Gawayne. 
The  bliaut  was  a  garment  something  similar 
to  the  smock-frock  of  the  present  day.  Strutt, 
ii.  42.  Blihand  and  llehand  occur  in  Sir 
Tristrem,  pp.  156,  157,  in  the  first  sense.  A 
cloak  is  still  called  a  Uiand  in  the  North  of 
England.  [Bleaut  ?] 

In  ay  riche  bleant  was  he  clad, 
Lang  berd  to  the  brest  he  had. 

Guy  of  Warwick,  Middlehill  MS. 
The  strok  of  the  spere  it  gan  glide 
Bituen  the  arsoun  and  his  side ; 
His  blihant  he  carf,  his  schert  also. 

Gy  of  Warwike,  p.  208. 

BLEB.  A  drop  of  water ;  a  bubble.  Also,  to 
drink.  Kennett,  MS.  Lansd.  1033,  "  a  blister, 
a  blain."  North. 

BLECH.     Water  in  which  hides  have  been 
tanned.     Cooper,  in  his  ed.  of  Elyot,  1559, 
translates  nautea,  "  currious  blech,"  i,  e.  cur- 
riers' bleach. 
BLECHE.    White.    (A.-N.) 

Sora  on  for  sche  is  pale  and  blechb, 
Som  on  for  sche  is  softe  of  speche. 

Gower,  MS.  Soc.  Antiq.  134,  f.  142. 

BLECHIS.  Blotches.  See  the  Archaeologia, 
xxx.  356. 

BLECKEN.  To  make  black.  Kennett's  Glos- 
sary, MS.  Lansd.  1033, 


BLEDDER.     To  cry.     North. 

BLEDE.     Blood. 

BLEDEN.    To  bleed.     (^.-5.) 

My  sonys  handy  s  ar  so  bledande, 

To  loke  on  them  me  lyste  not  to  laghe. 

MS.  Cantab.  Ff .  ii.  38,  f.  48. 
He  fonde  his  ded  wyf  bledende. 

Gower,  MS.  Soc.  Antiq.  134,  f.  60. 

BLEDEWORT.   The  wild  poppy.    See  an  early 

list  of  plants  in  MS.  Sloane  5,  f.  3. 
BLED  SAND.    Bloody.     Perhaps  an  error  for 

bledeand  in  Croft's  Excerpta  Antiqua,  p.  110. 
BLEE.  Colour ;  complexion.  (A.-S.)  Sometimes 

contenance,  feature.    In  Arthour  and  Merlin, 

p.  74,  the  great  magician  is  represented  as 

appearing  "  in  thre  ble"  on  the  same  day. 
A  cloth  of  silk  sche  wond  him  inne, 
That  was  of  swithe  feir  ble.      Legend.  Cathol.  p.  9. 
BLEECH.    The  bleaching-ground.    Hast. 
BLEED.    To  yield,  applied  to  corn,  which  is 

said  to  ttleedwell  when  it  is  productive  on 

being  thrashed.     Var.  dial. 
BLEEDING-BOIST.    A  cupping-glass. 
BLEEDING-HEART.    The  wall-flower.    West. 
BLEEP.     Remained.     Caxton.    Blefede  occurs 

in  Octovian,  507,  and  bleft,  1540. 
BLEFF.    Turbulent ;  noisy.   East. 
BLEFFIN.    A  block;  a  wedge.    Lane.    Bleffin- 

head,  a  blockhead. 
BLEIKE.    To  turn  pale.    (A.-S.) 

And  thanne  gan  bleiken  here  ble,  that  arst  lowen  so 
loude.  Wright's  Pol.  Songs,  p.  311. 

BLEINE.    A  pustule.    (A.-S.)   See  Rom.  of  the 

Rose,  553  ;  Reliq.  Antiq.  i.  301. 
BLEKE.     Black.     Prompt.  Parv. 
BLEKYT.    Blacked. 
BLELYCHE.    Blithely. 

The  thryd  commaundement  yn  oure  lay, 
Ys  holde  weyl  thyn  halyday, 
And  come  blelyche  to  the  servyse. 

MS.  Harl  1701,  f.  6. 

BLEMESTE.    Most  powerful. 

For  he  that  es  blemeste  with  ys  hrade  brande  blyue 
schalle  he  never.  Morte  Arthure,  MS.  Lincoln,  f.  80. 
BLEMISH.    A  term  in   hunting,    when    the 
hounds  or  beagles,  finding  where  the  chase 
has  been,  make  a  proffer  to  enter,  but  return. 
BLEMMERE.   A  plumber.  "  Masones  and  car- 
penters and  filemmeres*'  are  mentioned  in  the 
Chron.  Vilodun.  p.  102, 

BLEMMLE.  To  mix  anything  with  a  fluid  by 
motion,  as  the  mixing  of  flour  with  water. 
North. 

BLENCH.  (1)  To  start,  or  fly  off;  to  flinch  ;  to 
draw  back.     (A.-S.}    Also  a  substantive,  a 
-  start  or  deviation. 

(2)  A  glimpse.  Warw.  This  is  from  Sharp's 
MS.  Glossary.  Shakespeare  seems  to  use 
blench  in  the  sense  of,  to  wink,  to  glance. 
Hamlet,  ii.  2. 

And  thus  thinkende  I  stonde  still 
Without  blenchinge  of  mine  eie. 

Gower,  ed.  1554,  f.  128. 
o)  To  impeach ;  to  betray.    Staff. 
*4)  A  fault.     North. 

(LENCORN.    Wheat  mixed  with  rye.   YorJcsh: 
Peas  and  beans  mixed  together  are  called 


BLE 


185 


BLI 


BLEND.    To  pollute.     Spenser. 

BLENDE.  (1)  One  of  the  ores  of  zinc,  com- 
posed of  iron,  zinc,  sulphur,  silex,  and  water ; 
on  being  scratched,  it  emits  a  phosphoric  light, 
Called  blend-metal  hy  Kenuett,  MS.  Lansd, 
1033. 

(2)  To  blind.  (A.-S.)  Blind,  Rob,  Glouc.p.407. 
Blinded,  p.  300. 

BLENDIGO.    Cloudy. 

BLEND-WATER.  An  inflammatory  disease 
liable  to  black  cattle.  North. 

BLENGE.  To  hinder.  Apparently  a  variation  of 
blench.  It  occurs  in  Tusser's  Husbandry,  p.  287. 

BLENKARD.  A  person  near-sighted,  or  almost 
blind.  North.  A  fighting-cock  with  only  one 
eye  is  called  a  blenker. 

BLENKE.  To  glance  at.  Also,  to  shine.  Blen- 
&et,  appeared,  looked.  BlenJc,  "wince,  Lang- 
toft,  p.  115. 

That  thou  wakyng  thenkes, 
Before  thy  yjen  hy t  blerikya.    MS.  Harl.  1701,  f.  3. 
The  beryue  blerikes  for  bale,  and  alle  his  ble  chaunges. 
Morte  Arthurs,  MS.  Lincoln,  f.  97. 
Though  shee  bee  a  vixon,  shee  will  blenke  blithly 
on  you  for  my  cause. 

Two  Lancashire  Lovers,  1640,  p.  19. 

BLENKS.    Ashes.     West. 
BLENKY.    To  snow  a  little.    Devon. 
BLENS.    A  fish,  gadus  larlatm. 
BLENSCHYNE.  To  darken;  to  blemish, Prompt. 

Parv. 
BLENT.  (1)  Blinded.  (A.-S.) 

Woordes  faire  whane  favel  fedeth  the, 
Be  thu  not  blent  for  his  fals  flatery. 

MS.  Cantab.  Ff.  i.  6,  f.  155. 
(2    Mixed.    ShaJc. 
(3    Started  aside ;  shrunk.  (//.-£.) 
(4    Ceased.     Percy. 
(5    Destroyed ;  polluted. 

My  Hesperus  by  cloudy  death  is  blent. 

Greenes  Workst  \.  ft. 

(6)  Glanced. 

But  evere  me  mentte, 
One  me  hyt  blentte 

Wyth  laughyng  chere.  MS.  Cantab.  Ff.  i.  6,  f.  122. 
BLENYNG.     Blistering.     (A.-S.)     See  Piers 
Ploughman,  p.  468.     Blenyn,  to   arise,  to 
bubble  up,  Arch.  xxx.  394. 
BLENYTE.    Blenched ;  winked. 

Nuste  heo  hyrsulf  wanne  yt  was,  ne  Uenyte  nojt  ene. 
HO&.  Gluuc.  p.  338. 

BLEREN.  To  blear ;  to  make  a  person's  sight 
dim,  impose  upon  him.  (A.-S.)  To  "  blere 
his  eye,"  to  impose  upon  him,  a  very  common 
phrase.  See  Reliq.  Antiq.  ii.  211 ;  Wright's 
Seven  Sages,  pp.  48,  77,  100;  Tyrwhitt's 
Chaucer,  iv.  202;  Skelton,  ii.  98;  Richard 
Coer  de  Lion,  3708 ;  Ipomydon,  1420 ;  Rom. 
of  the  Rose,  3912 ;  Urry's  Chaucear,  p.  534. 
Blernyed,  blear-eyed,  Depos.  Ric.  II.  p.  13. 

BLESCHYNE.  To  extinguish  a  fire.  Prompt. 
Parv. 

BLESE.    A  blaze.    Prompt.  Parv. 

BLESS.  To  wave  or  brandish  a  sword.  Spenser. 
In  the  example  from  Ascham,  quoted  by 
Nares,  it  probably  means  to  wound,  from  the 
French  bksser. 


BLESSEDLOCURRE.    Blessedly. 

Blessedlocurre  jyf  he  myjt  he  ladJe  hurre  lyff. 

Chron.  Vilodun.  p.  76. 

BLESSING-FIRES.  Midsummer  Fires.  West. 
See  Brand's  Pop.  Antiq.  i.  176.  Blessing  the 
fire  out  is  an  operation  still  in  vogue  in  Suffolk 
for  a  burn  or  scald,  consisting  chiefly  in  re- 
volving a  wetted  finger  in  magic  circles  round 
the  afflicted  part,  the  movement  being  accom- 
panied with  suitable  incantations. 

BLETCH.  Black,  viscous,  greasy  matter;  the 
grease  of  wheel-axles.  Staff. 

BLETHELICHE.  Freely;  blithely;  joyfully.  See 
the  Sevyn  Sages,  503 ;  Leg.  Cathol.  p.  33. 
Blethty  occurs  in  Prompt.  Parv.  p.  40,  wrongly 
printed  lleyly. 

By  ensample  of  Octovian  the  Emperour,  and  so 
forth  aftir  of  other  princes  that  suche  doctrinis 
and  techinges  btetheliche  underfongede. — MS.  Douce 
291,  f .  4. 

BLETHER.  A  bladder.  Var.  Dial.  Also,  to 
make  a  great  noise.  Line. 

BLETINGE.    Flaming.    (A.-S.) 

Througe  my  breste  bone  ttetinge  he  borned. 

Cheater  Plays,  i.  134. 

BLEVE.    To  stay.    (A.-S.) 
BLEVYNGE.    Remnant.    Prompt.  Parv. 
BLEW-BLOW.    The  corn-flower.    See 'Gerard, 
p.  594 ;  Cotgrave  in  v.  Aulifoin,  Blaveoles ; 
Florio,  in  v.  Cr6.no. 
BLEWING.    Blue  paint.     See  Cunningham's 

Revels  Accounts,  p.  132. 
BLEWIT.    A  Mnd  of  fungus.    North. 
BLEW-OUT.     Breathed  hard;  puffed.    Ritson. 
BLEWYN.    To  remain.     (A.-S.) 

Thanne  late  it  be  wronge  thoru  a  cloute, 

And  pore  in  the  ere  at  ewyn, 

And  of  the  ewyll  xal  nothynge  bletvyn* 

Arch,  xxx,  352. 

BLEXTERE.    A  person  who  blacks.    Prompt. 

Pans. 
BLEYE.    Blue.    See  Cod.  Man.  Eccl.  Cath, 

Dunelm.  Catal.  p.  34. 
BLEYKE.  To  bleach, 
BLEYNASSE.  Blindness. 

God  send  suche  Ueynasse  thus  jaylardus  to, 
That  with  hurr  ynon  they  sey  no  sy5t. 

Chron.  Vilodttn.  p.  82. 

3LEYST AKE.    A  bleacher.    Prompt.  Parv. 
3LIAKE.     A  bar  of  wood  fixed  horizontally  on 
the  ground  with  holes  to  take  the  soles  of  a 
hurdle  while  the  maker  wreaths  it.    Dorset. 
BLICE.    Lice.     North. 
BLICKENT.     Bright ;  shining.     West. 
BLID.    An  interjection.    Lane. 
BLIDS.    Wretches.    Devon. 
BLIGH.    Lonely;  dull.    Kent. 
BLIGHTED.     (1)   Blasted,  applied  to  corn. 

Var.  dial- 
(2)  Stifled.     Oxon. 
BLIKEN.     (1)  To  quiver.    (A.-S.) 
And.  his  lippes  shulle  bliken, 
And  his  hondes  shulle  quaken.  Rellq.Jntiq.  i.65. 
(2)  To  shine.    (A.-S.) 

Hire  bleo  blykyeth  so  bryht. 
So  feyr  heo  is  ant  fyn, 

RifecnV  Ancient  Sfeni*,  p.  27. 


ELI 


186 


BLO 


BLIM.    To  gladden.    Prompt.  Parv. 
Who  so  him  feyneth  hem  to  nime, 
Forth  with  hem  men  schal  him  blim. 

Gy  of  WarwiTce,  p.  205. 

BUN.    See  Blinne. 

BLINCH.    To  keep  off. 

BLIND.  (1)  "  The  blind  eat  many  a  fly,  an 
old  proverb;  and  Heywood  wrote  a  play 
under  this  title.  The  elder  Heywood  intro- 
duces it  in  Ms  collection,  and  it  also  occurs 
in  Northbrooke's  Treatise,  ed.  Collier,  pp.  60, 

117. 

(2)  Florio  translates  blinda,  "a  certame  fence 
made  for  skouts  and  sentinells,  of  bundels  of 
reeds,  canes,  or  osiers,  to  hide  them  from 
being  scene  of  the  enemy,  called  of  our  sol- 
diers a  Kind."  He  also  mentions  a  Christinas 
game,  called  Blind  is  the  cat,  in  v.  Gdtta 
orda,  perhaps  blind-man's  buff. 

(3)  Abortive,  applied  to  flowers  and  herbs.  Var. 

(4)  Obscure.    Gosson,  in  his  Schoole  of  Abuse, 
1579,  mentions  Chenas,  "  a  Hind  village  in 
comparison  of  Athens."    See  also  Holinshed, 
Hist.  Ireland,  p.  24 ;  Cotgrave,  in  v.  Destour. 
"A  blind  ditch,"  Holinshed,  Hist.  England, 
p.  200.    "  A  blind  letter  that  wil  in  short 
time  be  worne  out,"  Nomenclator,  p.  9. 

BLIND-BALL.    A  fungus.     Var.  dial. 

BLIND-BUCK-AND-D  AVY.  Blind-man's  buff. 
Somerset. 

BLIND-BUZZART.    A  cockchafer.  Salop. 

BLINDERS.  Blinkers.  North.  A  blinding- 
bridle,  a  bridle  with  blinkers. 

BLINDFELLENE.    To  blindfold.    Pr.  Parv. 

BLIND-HOB.  Blind-man's  buff.  See  the  No- 
menclator, p.  298.  The  term  is  still  in  use, 
according  to  Forby. 

BLIND-HOOKY.    A  game  at  cards. 

BLINDING-BOARD.  Florio  has,  "Blinda,  a 
blinding  lord  for  a  curst  cow." 

BLIND-MAN'S-BUFF.  A  well-known  children's 
game,  traced  by  Strutt  to  an  early  period.  A 
kind  of  puff-ball  is  so  called. 

BLIND-MAN'S-HOLYDAY.  Darkness.  Var. 
dial.  Florio  has,  •'  Feridto,  vacancy  from  la- 
bour, rest  from  worke,  llindman's  holyday." 

BLIND-MARES.    Nonsense.   Devon. 

BLIND-NETTLE.    "Wild  hemp.    Devon. 

BLINDS.  A  term  given  to  a  black  fluor  about 
the  vein  in  a  mine.  See  Ray's  English  Words, 
ed.  1674,  p.  118 ;  Kennett's  Glossary,  MS. 
Lansd.  1033. 

BLIND-SIM.    Blind-man's  buff.    East. 

BLIND-THARM.  The  bowel-gut.  Durham. 
This  term  is  given  by  Kennett,  MS.  Lansd. 
1033.  (A.«SJ) 

BLIND-WORM.  A  slow-worm.  Formerly 
considered  venomous,  and  still  dreaded  in 
some  parts  of  the  country  for  its  supposed 
noxious  qualities. 

BLINE.    A  kind  of  wood.    SHnner. 

BLINK.  (1)  A  spark  of  fire,  glimmering  or  in- 
termittent light.  West. 

(2)  To  evade.    Yorksh. 


(3)  To  smile ;  to  look  kindly,  generally  applied 
to  females.   North.    A  substantive,  Test,  of 
Creseide,  226. 

(4)  According  to  Kennett,  MS. Lansd.  1033,  "a 
term  in  setting,  when  the  dog  is  afraid  to 
make  his  point,  but  being  over-aw'd,  comes 
back  from  the  sent. " 

BLINKED.  Sharp,  stale,  applied  to  beer. 
Kennett  and  Skinner  have  the  word  as  be- 
longing to  Cheshire  and  Lincolnshire  respec- 
tively. Forby  gives  the  term  a  different 
meaning;  "the  beer  which  we  call  blinked 
has  no  acidity,  but  an  ill  flavour  peculiar  to 
itself." 

BLINKER.    A  term  of  contempt.    North. 

BLINKS.  Cotgrave  has,  "  Bristes,  boughes 
rent  by  hunters  from  trees,  and  left  in  the 
view  of  a  deere,  or  cast  overthwart  the  way 
wherein  he  is  likely  to  passe,  thereby  to 
hinder  his  running,  and  to  recover  him  the 
better;  our  wood-men  call  them  UinJces" 

BLINNE.  To  cease.  (A.-S.)  Also,  to  stop,  to 
delay.  See  Chaucer,  Cant.  T.  16639  ;  Ritson's 
Songs,  i.  28,  49;  Wright's  Pol.  Songs,  p. 
212;  Death  of  Robert,  Earl  of  Huntingdon, 
p.  93 ;  Chron.  Yilodun.  p.  60 ;  Romeus  and 
Juliet,  p.  17 ;  Sir  Cleges,  133,  Ben  Jonson, 
vi.  289,  has  it  as  a  substantive. 

BLIRT.    To  cry.  North. 

BLISCED.    Blessed. 

He  blisced  Ga  way  net, 

And  Gueheres,  and  Gaheriet. 

Arthour  and  Merlin,  p  174. 

BLISFUL.    Joyful;  blessed.   (^.-£) 
BLISH-BLASH.     Sloppy  dirt.  North. 
BLISSE.  (1)  To  bless.   (A.-S.) 
(2)  To  wound.  (Fr.) 
BLISSENE.    Of  joys,  gen.  pi.   (A.-S.) 
Love  is  Wissene  meat,  love  is  hot  jare. 

Wi-ighfa  Anev.  Lit.  p.  96u 

BLISSEY.    Ablaze.    Wilts. 

BLISSOM.  Blithesome.  Var.  dial  The  term 
is  applied  to  the  ewe  when  marts  appetens, 
and  occasionally  to  the  male. 

BLIST.  (1)  Blessed.  See  Percy's  Reliques, 
p.  80.  Blisteing,  blessing,  Amis  and  Amiloun, 
127 ;  Misted,  blessed,  ib.  344. 

(2)  Rejoiced?  (,/.-£) 

The  lioun  bremly  on  tham  Wist. 

Ywaine  and  Gawin,  3163. 

BLIT.  Blighty.  Dorset. 

BLITH.  Face  ;  visage.  See  Kennett's  Glos- 
sary, MS.  Lansd.  1033. 

BLIVE.  Quickly;  immediately.  See  Belize. 
Cf.  EUis's  Met.  Rom.  ii.  334 ;  Robin  Hood, 
i.  125;  Lauufal,  702;  Erie  of  Tolous,  1060; 
Chron*  ViL  p.  70;  Troilus  and  Creseide, 
i.  596. 

BLO.    Blue ;  livid.    More  particularly  the  ap- 
pearance of  flesh  after  a  good  beating.    It  is 
the  gloss  offulvus  in  Reliq.  Antiq.  i.  8, 
Clerkes  ben  to  him  y-go  j 
Guy  they  find  blacke  and  bio. 

Elite's  Met.  Rom.  ii.  13, 

BLO  A.   Cold;  raw.  Line. 

BLOACH.  A  tumour.  SMnner. 


BLO 


187 


BLO 


BLO  ACHE  R.  Any  large  animal.   North. 

BLOAT.  To  dry  by  smoke.  More  latterly  ap- 
plied exclusively  to  bloat-herrings  or  bloaters, 
which  are  dried  herrings. 

BLOAZE.  Ablaze.  North. 

BLOB.  (1)  A  blunt  termination  to  a  thing  that 
is  usually  more  pointed.  A  blob  nose,  one  with 
a  small  bump  on  it  at  the  end.  Huloet  has, 
"blobbe  cheked,  buccones,buculentus"  Water- 
blobs  are  water-lilies.  Also  a  small  lump  of 
anything  thick,  viscid,  or  dirty. 

(2)  The  lower  lip. 

Wit  hung  her&toft,  ev'n  Humour  seem'd  to  mourn. 
Collins*  Miscellanies,  1?62,  p.  122. 

(3)  A  bubble ;  a  blister.  North. 
BLOBER.  A  bubble.    Palsgrave. 
BLOB-MILK.    Milk  with  its  cream  mingled. 

Yorteh. 

BLOB-SCOTCH.    A  bubble.    Yorksh. 
BLOCK.  (1)  The  -wooden  mould  on  which  the 

jrown  of  a  hat  is  formed.   Hence  it  was  also 

ised  to  signify  the  form  or  fashion  of  a  hat. 
Yes,  in  truth,  we  have  Mocks  for  all  heads ;  we 

have  good  store  of  wild  oats  here.Jlfidtffcftm,  Hi.  107- 
(2)  The  Jack  at  the  game  of  bowls.    See  Florio, 

in  v.  Buttiro,  Ltcco. 
BLOCKER.    A  broadaxe.   North.    Sometimes 

called  a  blocking-axe. 
BLOCK-HORSE.    A  strong  wooden  frame  with 

four  handles,  usually  called  a  hand-barrow, 

for  the  purpose  of  carrying  blocks.  East. 
BLOCKSTICK.  A  club  ;  a  cudgel.   North.   The 

term  occurs  in  Reliq.  Antiq.  i,  84. 
BLOCK-WHEAT.   Buck-wheat.   See  Cotgrave, 

in  v.  Dragee. 

BLODY.  By  blood ;  of,  or  in,  blood.   (A.-S.) 
BLOGGY.  To  sulk ;  to  be  sullen.  Exmoor. 
BLOMAN.    A  trumpeter. 
BLOME.  (1)  To  nourish.    Ps.  Cott. 
(2)  A  blossom. 

BLOME-DOWN,     Clumsy ;  clownish.    Dorset. 
BLOMMER.    Noise ;  uproar.    SJceUon. 
BLONC.    "White.    In  Reliq.  Antiq.  L  37,  we 

have,  "  ellelorum  album,  alebre  llonc" 
BLONCKET.     Grey.     Spenser. 
BLOND RIN.    To  toil ;  to  bluster ;  to  blunder. 

Chaucer. 

BLONK.    Sullen.    Also,  to  disappoint.  North. 
BLONKE.    A  steed;  a  war-horse. 

Myghte  no  Uorikes  theme  bere,  thos  bustous  churlles. 
Morte  Arthurs,  MS.  Lineotn,  £.  60. 
BLONT.    Dull ;  heavy.     Chaucer. 
BLOO.    To  blow. 

Thare  thay  sawe  stormes  bloo.   Isumbrast  215. 
BLOOC,  The  block  or  trunk  of  a  tree.  Prompt. 

Pare. 
BLOOD.    A  kind  of  generic  title,  as  "  poor 

little  blood"  applied  to  a  child.    Somerset. 

The  term  is  used  by  Shakespeare  in  the  sense 

of  disposition. 

BLOOD-ALLEY.    A  marble  taw. 
BiOQD-BOLTERED.    Matted  with  blood.   So 

much  has  been  written  on  this  Shakespearian 

phrase  that  a  few  observations  on  it  may  rea- 

Mraably  be  expected  here.  It  means  more  than 


smeared,  and  refers  to  the  clotted,  matted 
blood  of  Banquo,  who  had  "  twenty  trenched 
-  gashes  on  his  head."  In  the  two  early  in- 
stances  of  the  word,  Malone's  Shakespeare, 
xi.  206,  Collier,  vii.  157,  it  clearly  means  mat- 
ted or  clotted ;  although  the  term  may  have  a 
slight  variation  of  meaning  in  its  provincial 
sense.  See  Baiter.  According  to  Sharp's 
MS.  Warwickshire  Glossary,  snow  is  said  to 
"baiter  together,  and  Batchelor  says,  "  hasty 
pudding  is  said  to  be  loitered  when  much  of 
the  flower  remains  in  lumps."  Orthoepical 
Analysis,  1809,  p.  126. 

BLOOD-FALLEN.  Chill-blamed.  East.  Also 
blood-shot,  as  in  Arch.  xxx.  404. 

BLOODING.  A  black  pudding.  See  Towneley 
Myst.  p.  89 ;  Etyot,  in  v.  Apexabo ;  Nomenda- 
tor,  p.  87 ;  Topsell's  Beasts,  p.  248. 

BLOOD-OLPH.    A  bullfinch.    East. 

BLOOD-STICK.  A  short  heavy  stick  used  by 
farriers  to  strike  their  lancet  when  bleeding  a 
horse. 

BLOOD-SUCKER.    A  leech.     Var.  dial. 

JBLOODY-BONE.  The  name  of  an  hobgoblin, 
formerly  a  fiend  much  feared  by  children.  The 
"  WyU  of  the  DevylT  is  said  to  be  "  written 
by  our  faithful  secretaries,  hobgoblin,  rawhed, 
and  oloodylone,  in  the  spitefull  audience  of  all 
the  court  of  hell."  See  Horio,ed,  1611 ,  pp.  73, 
297. 

BLOODY-THURSDAY.  The  Thursday  of  the 
first  week  in  Lent. 

BLOODY-WARRIOR.  The  wall-flower.  West. 
Sometimes  called  bloody-waHier. 

BLOOM.  (1)  Amass  of  iron  which  has  gone  a 
second  time  through  the  furnace.  Kennett, 
MS.  Lansd.  1033,  mentions  a  rent  for  ovens 
and  furnaces  called  bloom-smithy-rent. 

(2)  To  shine  ;  to  throw  out  heat.  Bloomy,  very 
hot.  The  hot  stages  of  a  fever  are  called 
blooms. 

BLOOTH.    Blossom.    Devon. 

BLORE.  (1)  To  bellow.     North. 

(2)  A  blast. 

BLORYYNE.    To  weep.    Prompt.  Parv. 

BLOSCHEM.    A  blossom. 

Inschomer,  when  the  leves  spryng, 
The  Uoschems  on  every  bowe. 

tobm  Hood,  I.  82. 

BLOSLE.    A  blossom. 

That  oon  held  yn  hys  barme 
A  mayde  y-clepte  ^n  hys  arme, 
As  bryght  as  blosle  on  brere. 

L.v&ww*  Ditcnnus,  579. 

BLOSME.  To  blossom,  Piers  Ploughman,  p.  85 ; 
Chaucer,  Cant.  T.  9336.  A  blossom,  Chaucer, 
Cant.  T.  3324.  J3losm?n,  blossoms,  Ritson's 
Ancient  Songs,  p.  31.  Blosmy,  full  of  blos- 
soms, Chaucer,  Cant.  T.  9337.  {4.-S.) 

BLOSS.    A  ruffled  head  of  hair.    Line, 

BLOSSOMED.  The  state  of  cream  in  the  ope- 
ration of  churning,  when  it  becomes  foil  of 
aix,  whka  makes  a  loag  and  tedious  time  to 
get  it  to  butter.  Norf. 

BLOT.    A  term  at  the  game  at  backgammon,  a 


BLO 


188 


BLU 


man  in  danger  of  being  taken  up  being  called 
a  blot.    The  word  has  been  long  in  use,  and 
is  found  in  Florio,  ed.  1611,  p.  73. 
BLOTCH-PAPER.    Blotting  paper.    Var.  dial 
BLOTE.    Dried. 

BLOTEN.    Excessively  fond.    North. 
BLOTHER.    To  chatter  idly.     North.    Super- 
fluous verbiage  is  called  llotherment,  and  a 
stupid  person  is  said  to  be  blathered. 
I  blunder,  I  bluster,  I  blowe,  and  I  bluther; 
I  make  on  the  one  day,  and  I  marre  on  the  other. 

Skelton's  Works,  i.  259. 

BLOTS.  The  eggs  of  moths.  Kennett's  Glos- 
sary, MS.  Lansd.  1033. 

BLOUDSUPPER.  A  murderer ;  a  blood-sucker. 
See  Bale's  Kynge  Johan,  p.  43 ;  Hall,  Richard 
III.  f.  9. 

BLOUGHTY.     Swelled ;  puffed.     Hall. 
BLOUNCHET.    Blanched ;  whitened. 

Take  almondes,  and  grynde  horn  when  thai  byn 
blounchet,  and  tempur  horn  on  fysshe  day  wyth  wyn, 
and  on  flesheday  with  broth  of  flesh. 

Ordinances  and  Regulations,  p.  429. 

BLOUSE.  A  bonnet ;  a  woman  with  hair  or 
head-dress  loose  and  disordered,  or  decorated 
with  vulgar  finery.  East.  Thoresby  has,  "  a 
blowse  or  blawze,  proper  to  women,  a  blos- 
som, a  wild  rinish  girl,  proud  light  skirts ;" 
and  Kennett,  MS.  Lansd.  1033,  "  a  girl  or 
wench  whose  face  looks  red  by  running  abroad 
in  the  wind  and  weather,  is  calld  a  llouZj  and 
said  to  have  a  blouzing  colour."  The  word 
occurs  in  this  last  sense  in  Tusser,  p.  24 ; 
Hey  wood's  Edward  IV.  p.  62 ;  Clarke's  Phrase- 
ologia  Puerilis,  1655,  p.  380;  Kennett's  Glos- 
sary, p.  30.  Bloiuesse,  Hall's  Satires,  p.  4. 
To  be  in  a  blouse,  to  look  red  from  heat,  a 
phrase  that  is  used  by  Goldsmith  in  the  Vicar 
of  Wakefield.  In  some  glossaries,  blousy,  wild, 
disordered,  confused. 

BLOUTE.    Bloody.     (^.-5.) 

BLOU3MAN.    A  ploughman. 

And  swarttore  than  evere  ani  blow$man, 

With  foule  farinde  chere.          MS.  Laud.  108,  f.  159. 

BLOW.  (1)  A  blossom.  Also  a  verb,  to  blos- 
som. Var.  dial, 

(2)  A  bladder.    Devon. 

(3)  A  word  used  by  the  head  of  a  body  of  reap- 
ers.   He  cries  "  blow  I"  when,  after  a  fatiguing 
exertion,  it  is  time  to  take  breath. 

BLOW-BALL.     The   corn-flower.      Bloweth, 
tlaverole,  Reliq.  Antiq.  ii.  80. 
Her  treading  would  not  bend  a  blade  of  grass, 
Or  shake  the  downy  blow-ball  from  his  stalk ! 

Sad  Sheph&'d,  p.  8. 

BLOWBELLOWS.    A  pair  of  bellows.    Salop. 
BLOWBOLL.    A  drunkard. 

Thou  blynkerd  blowboll,  thou  wakyst  to  late. 

Skelton's  Works,  i.  23. 

BLOWE.  To  blow ;  to  breathe.  (^.-£)  "  His 
browys  began  to  blowe,"  to  perspire  ?  Tor- 
rent of  Portugal,  p.  11. 

BLOWER.  A  fissure  in  the  broken  strata  of 
coal,  from  which  a  feeder  or  current  of  inflam- 
mable air  discharges.  North. 

BLOWING.  (1)  A  blossom,     Wilts, 


(2)  Apparently  the  egg  of  a  bee,  Harrison's  De. 
scription  of  England,  p.  229. 

BLOW-MAUNGER.  A  full  fat-faced  person ; 
one  whose  cheeks  seem  puffed  out.  Exmoor. 

BLOW-MILK.     Skimmed  milk.     North. 

BLOWN.  Swelled;  inflated.  Hence,  proud, 
insolent.  Also,  stale,  worthless.  A  cow  or 
beast  is  said  to  be  blown,  when  in  pain  from 
the  fermentation  of  green  food.  Meat  im- 
pregnated with  the  eggs  of  flies  is  called  blown, 
and  bloated  herrings  are  frequently  termed 
blown-herrings. 

BLOW-POINT.  A  children's  game,  conjectured 
by  Strutt  to  consist  in  blowing  an  arrowthrough 
a  trunk  at  certain  numbers  by  way  of  lottery. 
Nares  thinks  it  was  blowing  small  pins  or 
points  against  each  other.  See  Apollo  Shro- 
ving,  1627,  p.  49  ;  Hawkins'  Engl.  Dram.  iii. 
243  ;  Strutt's  Sports,  p.  403  ;  Florio,  ed.  1611, 
p.  506. 

BLOWRE.    A  pustule.     (Teut.} 

BLOWRY.    Disordered ;  untidy.     Warw. 

BLOWS.    Trouble;  exertion.     Salop. 

BLOWT.  To  make  a  loud  complaining  noise. 
North. 

BLOWTH.  A  blossom.  West.  The  term  is 
used  by  Sir  Walter  Raleigh.  See  Diversions 
of  Purley,  p.  622. 

BLOXFORD.  A  jocular  and  satirical  corruption 
of  the  name  of  Oxford,  quasi  Block's-ford,  or 
the  ford  of  Blockheads.  Nares. 

BLOYSH.    Blueish. 

Smale  bloysh  flouris  owt  of  hym  lawnchis. 

Arch.  xxx.  373 

BLU.    Blew. 

BLUB.    To  sweU. 

BLUBBER.  (1)  A  bubble.  East.  The  verV 
occurs  in  Syr  Gawayne, 

(2)  To  cry.  Var.  dial  "  By  these  blubber'd 
cheeks,"  Dido,  Queen  of  Carthage,  p.  56. 

BLUBBER-GRASS.  Different  species  of  bro- 
mus,  from  their  soft  inflated  glumes  ;  in  par- 
ticular mollis,  which  infests  barren  pastures. 
East. 

BLUE.  (1)  Bloom.  Devon. 

(2)  Ale.   Somerset. 

(3)  To  "  look  blue,"  to  look  disconcerted,  a  com-" 
mon  phrase.    "  True  blue  will  never  stain," 
another  phrase  mentioned  by  Strutt,  ii.  215. 
A  blue-apron  statesman  is  a  tradesman  who 
meddles  with  politics. 

BLUE-BOTTLE.    A  term  of  reproach  for  a 

servant  or  beadle,  their  dresses  having  formerly 

been  blue. 
BLUE-BOTTLES.  The  blue  flowers  which  grow' 

among  wheat.   Oxon.  • 
BLUE-CAPS.      Meadow    scabious.      Yorfoh. 

Kennett,  MS.  Lansd.  1033,  mentions  a  kind 

of  stone  so  called. 

BLUE-ISAAC.    The  hedge-sparrow.    Glow. 
BLUE-JOHN.  Fluorspar.  Derbysh. 
BLUE-MILK.   Old  skimmed  milk.    Yorfoh.   In 

London  milk  is  often  called  sky-Hue. 
BLUE-VINNIED.    Covered  with  blue  mould. 

South. 


BLU 


189 


BOA 


BLUFF.  (1)  Surly;  churlish.   South. 

(2)  A  tin.  tube  through,  which  boys  blow  peas. 
Suffolk. 

(3)  To  blindfold.   North.  Bluf ted,  hoodwinked. 
Bluffs,  blinkers.    Line. 

BLUFFER.  A  landlord  of  an  inn. 
BLUFFIN.   To  bluster;  to  swagger.   Staff. 
BLUFTERS.   Blinkers.  Line. 
BLUNDER.   (1)  Confusion;  trouble.    Also  a 
verb,  to  disturb,  as  in  Palsgrave. 
Thus  hold  thay  us  hunder, 
Thus  thay  bryng  us  in  blonde)'. 

Toumeley  Mysteries,  p.  98. 

(2)  To  blunder  water,  to  stir  or  puddle,  to  make 
it  thick  and  muddy.  This  is  given  as  aYorkshire 
word  by  Kennett,  MS.  Lansd.  1033. 

BLUNDERBUSS.  A  stupid  fellow.   North. 

BLUNGE.  To  blend,  or  break  whilst  in  a  state 
of  maceration;  a  term  used  by  potters.  A 
Hunger  is  a  long  flat  wooden  instrument,  with 
a  cross  handle  at  the  top,  used  for  mixing  or 
dissolving  clay  in  water. 

BLUNK.  (1)  A  steed.   Gaw. 

(2)  Squally ;  tempestuous.  East.  Also,  to  snow, 
to  emit  sparks.  Any  light  flaky  body  is  called 
a  blunk.  A  blunk  of  weather  is  a  fit  of  stormy 
weather. 

BLUNKET.  A  white  stuff,  probably  woollen. 
Gaw.  A  light  blue  colour  is  so  called.  See 
Topsell's  Beasts,  p.  461;  Florio,  ed.  1611, 
p.  478 ;  Cotgrave,  in  v.  Inde. 

BLUNT.  At  tops,  when  the  top  flies  away  out 
of  the  hand  without  spinning,  "that's  a 
Hunt."  Cotgrave  has,  "  batre  lefer,  to  play 
at  blunt,  or  at  foyles."  It  is  also  a  well-known 
slang  term  for  money. 

BLUR.  A  blot.  North.  Blurry,  a  mistake,  a 
blunder.  "  Broght  on  blure,"  deceived,  ridi- 
culed, Towneley  Mysi  p.  310.  Some  copies 
of  Pericles,  iv.  4,  read  blurred  instead  of 
blurted. 

BLURT.   An  interjection  of  contempt.  "  Blurt, 
master  constable,"   a  fig  for  the  constable, 
seems  to  have  been  a  proverbial  phrase.    To  i 
blurt  at,  to  hold  in  contempt.   Nares.    Florio 
translates  boceheggidre,  "  to  make  mouthes  or  i 
blurt  with  ones  lips ;"  and  chicchere,  "  a  Hurt 
with  ones  fingers,  or  blurt  with  ones  mouth 
in  scorne  or  derision."    See  Howell's  English 
Proverbs,  p.  14  ;  Middleton,  iii.  30  ;  Malone's 
Shakespeare,  xxi.  162. 

Yes,  that  I  am  for  fault  of  a  better,  quoth  he. 
Why  then,  blurt/  maister  constable,  sales  the  other} 
and  clapping  spurres  to  his  horse,  gallop'd  away 
amalne.  Jests  to  make  you  Merie,  1607,  p-6, 

BLUSH.  Resemblance ;  look.  Blushe,  to  look ; 
and  blusschande,  blushing,  glittering,  occur  in 
Syr  Gawayne.  To  blush  up,  to  clear  up,  to  be 
fine,  spoken  of  the  weather. 

BLUSHET.    One  who  blushes. 

BLUST.   Erysipelatous  inflammation.   Yorfoh. 

BLUSTERATION.   Blustering.    North. 

BLUSTER-WOOD.  The  shoots  of  fruit  trees  or 
shrubs  that  require  to  be  pruned  out.  East. 

BLUSTREN.  To  wander  or  stray  along  without 
any  particular  aim. 


But  blustreden  forth  as  beestea 
Over  bankes  and  hilles.    Piers  Ploughman,  p.  10& 
BLUSTROUS.    Blustering.    Var.  dial. 
BLUTER.    Dirty.     See  Robin  Hood,  i.   105, 

Also  a  verb,  to  blot,  to  dirty,  to  blubber. 

North.     Jamieson  has,  "  blutterj  a  term  o 

reproach,  Dumfr." 

BLUTTER.    To  speak  nonsensically. 
BLUV.   To  believe.    East. 
BLW.  (1)  Blew.    Gaw. 

(2)  Blue. 

Gryndylstons  in  grwell  with  tho  blw  brothes. 

Reliq.  4ntiq.  i.  8 

BLY.    Likeness ;  resemblance.    East.      It  is  a 

provincial  form  of  blee}  q.  v. 
BLYCANDE.    Shining;  glittering.  (^.-£) 
BLYDE.   Blithe ;  glad.  (A.-S.) 
BLYFE.  Quickly.   See  Elwe. 

The  world  bedyth  me  batayll  blyfe. 

MS.  Cantab.  JFf,  ii.  38,  f.  16. 
Florent  told  her  also  blyf.          Octovian,  725. 
BLYKKED.    Shone;  glistened.  (^.-£) 
BLYLK.    Splendour?   (A.-S.)    See  Cat.  Douce 

MSS.  p.  36.    Perhaps  an  error  for  blyss. 
BLYNK.    To  blind? 

We  Englysmen  theron  shulde  thynke, 

That  envye  us  nat  btynk.  MS.  Hart.  1701,  f.  28. 

BLYSCHEDE.    Started. 

The  lady  btyschede  up  in  the  bedde, 
Scho  saw  the  clothes  alle  by-blede. 

MS.  Lincoln  A.  i.  17,  f.  99. 
The  kyag  blyschit  one  the  beryne  with  his  brode  eghne. 
Morte  Arthurs,  MS.  Lincoln,  f.  54. 

BLYSSYD.   Wounded.  (^.-M) 

Whenne  I  hym  had  a  strok  i-fet» 
And  wolde  have  blyssyd  hym  bet, 
No  moo  strokes  wolde  he  abyde. 

Richard  Coer  de  Lion,  546. 

BLYSTE.  Actively? 

To  be  thaire  beschope  blethely  thay  bedde  the  so 
blyste.  MS.  Lincoln  A.  i.  17,  f.  233. 

BLYTHE.    Appearance. 

Loke  thy  naylys  ben  clene  in  btythe, 
Lest  thy  felaghe  lothe  therwyth. 

BoTce  of  CurtotyCj  p>  3. 

BO.  (1)  A  hobgoblin.   North. 
(2) 'Both. 

(3)  But.   Hearne. 

BOALLING.    Drinking.     See  Stanihnrst's  De- 
scription, of  Ireland,  p.  16. 

And  I  would  to  God  that  in  our  time  also  wee 
had  not  just  cause  to  complaine  of  this  vicious 
plant  of  unmeasurable  boalling.  Lambarde's  Per- 
ambulation, 159G,  p.  356. 

BOAR.    A  clown.    See  Howell,  sect,  xxii ;  and 
its  synonymes. 

BOAR-CAT.  A  Tom-cat.    Kent. 

BOARD.  (1)  To  address;  to  accost. 

(2)  An  old  cant  term  for  a  shilling.     See  Mid- 
dleton's  Works,  ii.  542 ;  Earle's  Microcosmo- 
graphy,  p.  254 ;  Brit.  Bibl.  ii.  521. 

(3)  A  kind  of  excavation.   North. 
BOARD.    SeeBorde. 
BOARDER.    Made  of  board.   West. 
BOARDING-BRIDGE.    A  plank  laid  across  a 

running  stream  as  a  substitute  for  a  bridge, 
West. 


BOB 


190 


BOC 


BOAR-SEG.  A  pig  kept  as  a  brawn  for  three 
or  four  years.  Salop.  A  gelded  boar  is  called 
a  boar-staff. 

BOAR-THISTLE.  The  carduus  lanceolatus,  Lin. 

BOB.  (1)  To  cheat.  SeeLydgate's  Minor  Poems, 
p.  261;  Sevyn  Sages,  2246;  Sir  Thomas 
More,  p.  19;  Shak.  Soc.  Pap.  i.  22;  Beau- 
mont and  Fletcher,  iii.  484. 

(2)  A  taunt  or  scoff.  To  "  give  the  hob,"  a  phrase 
equivalent  to  that  of  giving  the  door,  or  im- 
posing upon  a  person. 

(3)  A  blow.     See  Cotgrave,  in  v.   Blanc;  2 
Promos   and  Cassandra,  iiL  2;  Billingsly's 
Brachy-Martyrologia,  1657,  p.  168;  Tusser, 
p.  315  ;  Withals'  Dictionarie,  ed.  1608,  p.  229, 

(4)  A  louse;  any  small  insect,  Hants.  "Spiders, 
bobbs,  and  lice,"  are  mentioned  in  MS.  Addit. 
11812,  f.  16. 

(5)  To  fish.    Worth    A  particular  method  of 
taking  eels,  called  loUing,  is  described  in 
Blome's  Gent.  Rec.  ii.  185. 

(6) 


.  . 

(7)  The  engine  beam.    North. 

(8)  Pleasant;  agreeable.    Dyche. 
f  9)  A  bunch.     North. 

They  saw  also  thare  vynes  growe  with  wondere 
grete  bobbis  of  grapes,  for  a  mane  myjte  unnethez 
bere  ane  of  thatne.  MS.  Lincoln  A.  i.  17,  f.  42. 

(10)  To  disappoint.    North. 

(11)  The  pear-shaped  piece  of  lead  at  the  end  of 
the  line  of  a  carpenter's  or  mason's  level. 
East. 

(12)  "  Bear  a  boh,"  be  brisk.    East. 

(13)  A  joke;  a  trick. 

BOBAN.    Pride;  vanity.  (A.-N.}  See  Chaucer, 
Cant.  T.  6151  ;  Tyrwhitt,  iv.  224  ;  Lydgate's 
Minor  Poems,  p.  25  ;  Octovian,  1550. 
So  prout  he  is,  and  of  so  gret  boban. 

Gy  ofWarwike,  p.  95. 
And  am  y-come  wyth  the  to  n^t 
For  al  thy  grete  bobbaunce-     MS.  Ashmole  33,  f  .  5 

BOB-AND-HIT.   Blind-man's-buff.    This  name 
of  the  game  is  given  by  Cotgrave,  in  v.  Senate. 
BOBBANT.    Romping.     Wilts. 
BOBBEROUS.    Saucy  ;  forward.     West.    Mr. 
Hartshorne  says  bobber  is  a  familiar  term  ap- 
plied good-naturedly  to  any  one. 
BOBBERY.    A  squabble  ;  a  tumult.  Var.  dial. 
BOBBIDEN.    Buffeted;  struck.    See  the  Re- 
liq.Antiq.ii.45,  47. 

Take  hede  whan  that  cure  Saveoure 
Was  bobbidt  and  his  visige  alle  be-spet. 

Occfow,  MS.  Soc.  Antiq.  134,  f.  271. 
Ye  thoght  ye  had  a  full  gqde  game, 
When  ye  my  sone  with  buffettes  bobbydd. 

MS.  Cantab.  Ff.  ii.  38,  f.  47. 
They  darapnede  hym,  despysede  hyrn,  and  spytte 
in  his  faire  face  :  they  hillide  his  enghne»  and  bobbyd 
hym,  and  withe  many  dispysynges  and  reprevynges 
^they  travelde  hym  hougely. 

MS.  Lincoln  A.  i.  17,  f.  180. 
BOBBIN.    A  small  fagot.    Kent. 
BOBBING-BLOCK.    A  block  that  persons  can 
strike  ;  an  unresisting  fool. 
Became  a  foole,  yea  more  then  that,  an  asse, 
A  bobbing-blocke,  a  beating  stocke,  an  owle. 

Gascoigne's  Devises,  p.  337. 


BOBBISH.  Pretty  well  in  health;  not  quite 
sober;  somewhat  clever.  Far.  dial. 

BOBBLE-COCK.    A  turkey-cock.     North. 

BO  BBS.  According  to  Kennett,  MS.  Lansd. 
1033,  "  the  potters  put  their  leaded  hollow 
wares  into  shragers,  i.  e.  course  metalld  pots 
made  of  marie,  wherein  they  put  commonly 
three  pieces  of  clay  calld  bobbs  for  the  ware  to 
stand  on,  and  to  keep  it  from  sticking  to  the 
shrager."  Staff. 

BOBBY.  (1)  To  strike  ;  to  hit, 

The  clooth  byfore  thi  eyen  to, 
To  bobby  the  thay  knyt  hit  so. 

MS.  Addit.  11748,  f.  145. 

(2)  Smart ;  neat.    North. 

BOBBY- WREN.    The  common  wren.    East. 

BOB-CHERRY.  A  children's  game,  consisting 
in  jumping  at  cherries  above  then*  heads,  and 
trying  to  catch  them  with  their  mouths. 

BOBET.    A  buffet  or  stroke.    Prompt.  Parv. 

BOBETTE.    Buffeted.    The  Oxford  MS.  reads 
boiled,  as  quoted  in  Warton,  ii.  106. 
Whyche  man  here  abowte  lobette  the  laste. 

MS.  Cott.  Calig.  A.  ii.  f.  loa 

BOBETTS.  Thick  pieces.  "  Bobetts  of  grete 
elys"  are  mentioned  in  the  Reliq.  Antiq.  i.  306. 

BOBOLYNE.    A  stupid  person  ? 
Be  we  not  bobotynes, 
Sutch  lesinges  to  beleve.          Ske2ton,  ii.  445. 

BOBTAIL.  (1)  To  cut  off  the  tail.  See  Stani- 
hurst's  Description  of  Ireland,  p.  24. 

(2)  In  archery,  the  steel  of  a  shaft  or  arrow  that 
is  small-breasted,  and  big  towards  the  head. 
Kersey. 

BOBY.    Cheese.     West. 

BOC.    A  book.    Rob.  Glouc. 

BOCARDO.  The  old  north  gate  at  Oxford,  taken 
down  in  the  last  century.  It  was  formerly 
used  as  a  prison  for  the  lower  sort  of  crimi- 
nals, drunkards,  bad  women,  and  poor  debtors. 
It  was  also  a  term  for  a  particular  kind  of 
syllogism;  but  there  does  not  appear  to  be 
any  connexion  between  the  two  words.  See 
Ridley's  Works,  p.  359  ;  Middleton,  ii.  120. 

BOCASIN.  A  kind  of  buckram.  See  Bono, 
ed.  1611,  p.  63;  Howell,  sect.  xxv. 

BOCCONE.    A  morsel. 

BOCE.    To  emboss.     Palsgrave. 

BOCELERIS.    Bucklers ;  shields.     Weber. 

BOCHANT.    A  forward  girl.     Wilts. 

BOCHE.    A  swelling ;  a  boil.  (A.-N.) 

BOCHER.  A  butcher.  Weber.  "  Bochery," 
butchery,  butchers'  meat,  Table  Book,  p.  147. 
Cf.  Piers  Ploughman,  p.  14 ;  Ordinances  and 
Regulations,  p.  92.  A  fish  called  a  bocher  is 
mentioned  in  Brit.  Bibl.  ii.  490. 

BOCHIS.    Bushes. 

Or  upon  bochis  grown  slone  or  hawes, 
So  ofte  and  oft^er  I  sygh  for  yowre  sake. 

MS.  Cantab.  Ff.  i.  6,f.l2. 

BOCHOUSE.    A  library. 

BOCHT.    Bought.     Kennett. 

BOCK,    Fear.    Devon. 

BOCKE.  Palsgrave  has,  "  I  boeke,  I  belche,  je 
rowcte.  I  bocke  upon  one,  I  loke  upon  hym 
disdaynfully  to  provoke  hym.to  anger,./*  aposte* 


BOD 


191 


BOG 


I  bocke  as  a  tode  dothe,  I  make  a  noyse,  je 

groulle"     See  his  Table  of  Verbes,  f.  169. 

Booking,  flowing  out,  Kobin  Hood,  i.  103. 
BOCKEREL.     A  long-winged  hawk. 
B(  >CKNE.    To  teach  ;  to  press  upon. 
BOCLE.    A  buckle. 
BOCRAME.    Buckram. 
BOCSUMNESSE.   Obedience.  See  Rob.  Glouc. 

pp.  234,  318. 

BOCTAIL.     A  bad  woman.     Coles. 
BOCULT.     Buckled. 
BOCUR.    A  kind  of  bird. 

He  brojt  a  heron  with  a  poplere, 
Curlews,  bocurst  bothe  in  fere. 

MS.  Cantab.  Pf.  v.  48,  f.  49. 

BOD.    To  take  the  husks  off  walnuts.     Wilts. 
BODDLE.     A   small   iron   instrument  which 

woodmen  use  for  peeling  oaks  and  other 

trees.     North. 

BODDUM.     Principle.    North. 
BODE.     (1)  Remained.     (^.-£) 

(2)  A  stay  or  delay.   (A.-S.)   Also  a  verb,  as  in 
Skelton,  i.  8. 

(3)  An  omen.     Also,  to  forbode.     Still  in  use. 
JSoder,  a  messenger,  MS.  JLansd.  1033. 

(4)  Commanded.     (A.-S.)    Also  a  substantive, 
as  in  Amadas,  682. 

(5)  A  message ;  an  offer.     See  Richard  Goer  de 
Lion,  1359  ;  Arthour  and  Merlin,  p.  76 ;  Leg. 
Cathol.  p.  28 ;  Langtoft,  p.  61. 

(6)  Addressed ;  prayed.    Also,  bidden,  invited, 
as  in  Robin  Hood,  i.  40. 

(7)  Board,  as  "  board  and  lodging."     (A.-S. 
beod.)    The  term  occurs  in  Piers  Ploughman, 
p.  493,  and  the  verb  is  still  in  use  according 
to  Forby,  i.  31.    Bode-cloth,  a  table-cloth. 

BODED.    Overlooked;  infatuated.     Deeon. 

BODELOUCE.    A  body-louse. 

SOBERING.  The  lining  of  the  skirt  of  a  wo- 
man's petticoat.  Holme. 

BODGE.  (1)  A  patch.  Also,  to  patch  clum- 
sily. Hence,  to  boggle,  to  fail,  as  in  3 
Henry  VI.  i.  4.  It  is  also  explained,  <<to 
begin  a  task  and  not  complete  it." 

(2)  A  kind  of  measure,  probably  half  a  peck. 
See  Songs  of  the  London  Prentices,  p.  76 ; 
Jonson's  New  Inn,  i.  5.  Hence,  perhaps, 
bodger,  Harrison's  Description  of  England, 
p.  202,  which  we  have  already  had  under 
badger. 

BODILY.    Excessively ;  entirely.    North. 

BODIN.    Commanded.     Chaucer. 

BODISE.     Bodies. 

Alle  men  schul  then  uprise 

In  th$  same  stature  and  the  same  bodfee. 

MS.AshmvleM,  f.  64. 

BODKIN.  (1)  A  dagger.  (A.-S.)  See  Chaucer, 
Cant.  T.  3958  ;  \V  right's  Anec.  ^Lit.  p.  24  ; 
Dodsley,  ix.  167;  Two  Angrie 'Women  of 
Abington,  p.  80 ;  Malone's  Shakespeare,  vii. 
326 ;  Lilly's  Sapho  and  Phao, 

(2)  A  species  of  rich  clotfc,  a  corruption  of 
baudkin,  q,v.  See  Beaumont  and  Fletcher, 
i.  295 ;  Ordinances  and  Regulations,  p.  132. 
Bodkin-work,  a  kind  of  trimming  formerly 
worn  on  the  gown. 


BODLE.  A  small  coin,  worth  about  the  thir- 
part  of  a  halfpenny,  not  "  imaginary,"  a.i 
stated  in  the  Hailamshire  Glossary.  North. 

BODRAGE.  A  border  excursion.  Spenser  has 
the  term,  and  it  also  occurs  in  Holinshed, 
Chron,  of  Ireland,  p.  172.  Bodrakes,  State 
Papers,  ii.  480. 

BODWORD.  _A  message;  a  commandment. 
(A.-S.)  See  Sir  Amadas,  70,  604 ;  Langtoft, 
p.  47  ;  Illustrations  of  Fairy  Mythology,  p.  75  ; 
Ps.  Met.  Cott.  ii. 

Scdeu-ord  cam  him  fro  heven. 
Cursor  niimdi,  MS.  Coll.  Tnn.  tfencaft.,  f.  8. 

BODY.  (I)  The  middle  aisle  of  the  nave  of  a 
church,  or  the  na.ve  itself.  A  corner  buttress 
is  sometimes  called  a  body-boterasse  in  old 
accounts. 

(2)  A  person.  See  Perceval,  1166,  &c.  Ac- 
cording to  Kennett,  p.  30,  the  term  is  applied 
in  some  parts  of  Lincolnshire  "  only  for  the 
belly  or  lower  part."  It  is  still  in  general 
use,  but  often  applied  in  a  light  or  commise- 
rating manner,  or  to  a  simpleton,  according 
to  Kennett,  MS.  JLansd.  1033. 

BODY-CLOUT.  A  piece  of  iron  winch  adjoins 
the  body  of  a  tumbrel,  and  its  wheels. 

BODY-HORSE.  The  second  horse  of  a  team 
of  four, 

BODY-STAFF.  Stakes  or  rods  of  withy,  &c., 
used  in  making  tke  body  of  a  waggon.  Warw. 

BOB.  "  He  cannot  say  boe  to  a  goose,"  said 
of  a  bashful  or  timid  person.  The  phrase  is 
given  in  Ho  well's  English  Proverbs,  p.  17. 
JSoes,  boughs,  Privy  Purse  Expenses  of  Mary, 
p.  32 ;  Robson's  Met.  Rom.  p.  2.  Moe,  a  beau, 
Love's  Leprosie,  p.  76. 

BOECE.  Boethim  See  Chaucer,  Cant.  T.  6750, 
15248  ;  Lydgaie's  Minor  Poem?,  p.  11. 

BOF.    Quick  lime.     Howett. 

BOFFLE.  To  c3iang$;  to  vary  ;  to  prevent  any 
one  from  doing  a  tiling;  to  stammer  from 
anger.  East. 

BOFFYING.    Swelling; puffing.    Hearnt. 

BOG.  Sturdy;  self-sufficient;  petulant.  Also 
a  verb,  to  boast.  East. 

BOG-BEAN.    Marsfc  trefoil.     Yor^A. 

BOGETT.    A  budget. 

BOGGARD.     A  jakes.    Huloet. 

BOGGART.  A  ghost;  a  goblin,  North.  Some- 
times spelt  bogrgk.  From  this  perhaps  is  de- 
rived ooggariyf  apt  to  start  aside,  applied  to 
a  horse. 

BOGGE.    A  bug-bear, 

BOGGING.    Botching  up.    Philpot. 

BOGGLE,  <(  Boggle  about  the  stacks"  is  a 
favourite  game  amongst  children  in  the  North, 
in  which  one  hunts  several  others. 

BOGGLER.   A  vicious  woman.    Nares. 

BOGGY-BO.  A  goMn.  North.  Sometimes 
pronounced  Irugabo. 

BOGGYSCHE.    Swelling.   Pr.  Pare. 

BOGHED.    Obeyed. 

BOGHSOME.  Buxom;  obedient, 

BOGHT.  Expiated, 

BOGING.  Sneato*.  Beds. 

BOGTROTTER.   An  Irish  robber.    Miege. 


BOK 


192 


BOL 


BO-GUEST.    A  ghost.    Yorfoh. 
BOG-VIOLET.  The  butt erwort.    Yorfah. 
BOGY.  Budge  fur.    See  Wardrobe  Accounts  of 

Edw.   IY.  p.  129;    Collier's    Hist.    Drain. 

Poet.  i.  69  ;  Test.  Vetust.  p.  569  ;  Strutt,  ii. 

102,  247. 

BOH.   But.   Lane. 
BO-HACKY.    A  donkey.    Yortoh. 
BOHEMIAN-TARTAR.    Perhaps  a  gipsy  j^or  a 

mere  wild  appellation  designed  to  ridicule 

the  appearance  of  Simple  in  the  Merry  Wives 

of  Windsor,  iv.  5.  Nares. 
BOHEYNGE.   Bowing. 

The  boheynge  or  the  leynynge  of  Cristes  heved 

betokens  his  mekenes,  the  wiehe  had  no  place  in  that 

falles  feynar.  MS.  Egerton  842,  f.  67. 

BOIDER.  A  basket.  North. 
BOIE.   An  executioner.    (A.-N.) 
He  het  mani  a  wikke  boie 
His  sone  lede  toward  the  hangging. 

Sevyn  Sages,  960. 
BOIER.  A  collation;  a bever,  q.v.    SeeBaxet's 

Alvearie,  1580,  B.  893.    Boire,  Nomenclator, 

p.  81,  wrongly  paged. 
BOILARY.    A  place  where  salt  is  deposited. 

North. 
BOILING.  (1)  A  quantity  or  number  of  things 

or  persons.    Var.  dial. 
(2)  A  discovery.    An  old  cant  term,  mentioned 

by  Dekker. 
BOILOUNS.    Bubbles  in  boiling  water.  Weber. 

In  the  provincial  dialects,  any  projecting  knobs 

are  so  called. 
BOINARD.    A  low  person,  a  term  of  reproach. 

See  Depos.  Ric.  II.  pp.  8, 13  ;  Wright's  Anecd. 

Lit.  p.  9. 

BOINE.  A  swelling.  Essex. 
BOIS.   Wood."(^.-tf.) 
BOIST.  (1)  A  threat. 

(2)  A  box.    (A.-N.)     See  Ywaine  and  Gawin, 
1835,  1841 ;  Chaucer,  Cant.  T.  12241 ;  Relief 
Antiq.  i.  51 ;  Maundevile,  p.  85 ;   Chester 
Plays,  i.  121,  125,  ii.  95;  MS.  Line.  Med.  f. 
281;  MS.  Lansd.560,f.45. 

(3)  A  swelling.  East. 
BOISTER.    A  boisterous  fellow. 
BOISTNESS.    Churlishness. 

BOISTOUS,  Rough;  boisterous;  churlish; 
stubborn.  Costly,  rich,  applied  to  clothing. 
See  Prompt.  Parv.  p.  42,  and  Ducange,  in  y. 
Birrwt.  Cf.  Gesta  Rom.  p.  250;  Chaucer, 
Cant.  T.  17160;  Lydgate's  Minor  Poems, 
p.  91 ;  Prompt.  Parv.  pp.  84,  191 ;  Harts- 
home's  Met.  Tales,  p.  124 ;  Batman  uppon  Bar- 
tholome,  1582. 

Beholde  now  wele  how  he  es  led  forthe  of  the 
wykked  Jewes  towarde  Jerusalem  agayne  the  hille 
hastyly  with  grett  payne,  and  his  handes  boune  be- 
hynd  hyme,  boystously  gyrdide  in  his  kirtille. 

MS.  Lincoln  A.  i.  17,  f.  180. 

BOKE.  (1)  To  nauseate;  to  vomit;  to  belch. 
North. 

(2)  Bulk.    East.    "  Boke  and  bane,"  lusty  and 
strong.    Boke-load,  a  large,  bulky  load. 

(3)  A  break  or  separation  in  a  vein  of  ore. 

(4)  To  point,  or  thrust  at     North. 


(5) 
(6) 


Baked.    North. 

To  write;  to  enter  in  a  book. 

Sum  newe  thynge  y  schulde  boket 
That  hee  hiraselfe  it  myjte  loke. 

Cower,  MS.  Sac.  Antiq.  134,  f.  30, 
(7)  To  swell  out.    East. 
BOKELER.    A  buckler.    (A.-N.)     A  lokekr- 
maker,  a  buckle-maker.     BoJeelinff,  buckling. 
BOKEN.    To  strike.     Skinner. 
BOKE  RAM.    Buckram.    A  description  of  mak- 
ing it  is  in  MS.  Sloane  73,  f,  214.     Cf.  Arch. 
ix.  245. 
BOKET.     A  bucket.     (A.-S.)     See  Chaucer, 

Cant.  T.  1535  ;  Reliq.  Antiq.  i.  9. 
BOKEYNGE.     See  Emele. 
BOKEYS.    Books. 

Ye  schall  be  sworn  e  on  bokeys  gode, 
That  ye  schall  wende  to  the  wode. 

MS.  Cantab.  Ff.  ii.  38,  f.  153. 

BOKID.    Learned. 

Sche  was  wel  kepte,  sche  was  wel  lokid, 
Sche  was  wel  taujte,  sche  was  wel  bokid. 

Gower,  MS.  Soc.  Antiq.  134,  f.  237. 
BOKY.     Soft.    Northumb.    "  Boky-bottomed," 

broad  in  the  beam.    Line.  ' 
BOKYLYD.    Buckled. 
BOL.    A  bull.     Weber. 
BOLACE.     Bone-lace. 
BOLAS.    A  bullace.     See  Rom.  of  the  Rose, 

1377  ;  Reliq.  Antiq.  ii.  82. 
BOLCH.    To  poach  eggs.     Yortoh. 
BOLDE.  (1)  To  encourage;  to  embolden;  to 
get  bold.  (A.-S.)  See  Piers  Ploughman,  p.  55  ; 
Kyng  AJisaunder,  2468  ;  Chaucer,  MS.  Cantab. 
Ff.  i.  6,  f.  98. 

When  he  Clementes  speche  harde, 
Hys  harte  beganue  to  bolde. 

MS.  Cantab.  Ff  .  ii.  38,  f.  89 

(2)  A  bold  person;  a  brave  man.     See  Sir  Per- 
ceval, 1164  ;  App.  W.  Mapes,  p.  340. 
)  A  building.    Hearne. 

4)  Magnificent;  famous;  grand.  Byggynges 
bolde,  borowes  bolde,  &c.  Isumbras,  78,  691. 

(5)  Smooth. 

In  chooseing  barley  for  his  use  the  raalster  looks 
that  it  be  bold,  dry,  sweet,  of  a  fair  colour,  thin  skin, 
clean  faltered  from  hames,  and  dressed  from  foul- 
ness, seeds  and  oatts. 

Aubrey's  Wilts,  Royal  Soc.  MS.  p.  304. 

BOLDER.  (1)  A  loud  report.  A  cloudy,  thun- 
dering day  is  called  a  boldering  day.  North. 

(2)  The  rush  used  for  bottoming  chairs.  Norf. 

BOLDERS.    Round  stones.     Var.  dial. 

BOLDHEDE.  Boldness  ;  courage.  See  Lang- 
toft's  Chronicle,  pp.  281,  340. 

BOLDLOKER.    More  boldly. 

Th'ey  ben  more  hardy  and  bolde  to  fijte  and  to 

werre,  and  boldloJcw  dore  abide  woundes  and  strokes, 

Veffecius,  MS.  Douce  291,  f.6. 

BOLDRUMPTIOUS.    Presumptuous.    Kent. 

BOLDYCHE.  A  bowl.  In  an  early  inventory 
of  the  fifteenth  century  in  MS.  Harl.  1735, 
f.  46,  occurs  the  entry,  "  Item  a  loldyche" 
Palsgrave  has,  "  loledysshe  or  a  bole,  jatte;" 
and  Hartshorne,  Salop.  Antiq.  p.  334,  "  bowl- 
dish,  a  large  round  dish,  chiefly  used  for  lava- 
tory purposes." 


BOL  1 

BOLE.  (1)  The  body  or  trunk  of  a  tree.  North. 
See  Morte  d' Arthur,  i.  181. 

It  es  nojte  levefulle,  quod  he,  in  this  haly  place, 
nowther  to  offre  encense,  ne  to  slaa  na  bestez,  bot  to 
bnele  doune  to  the  boles  of  thir  treez,  and  kysse 
thame.  MS.  Lincoln  A.  i.  17,  f.  39. 

J2)  Ahull.     (A.-S.) 

/3)  A  bowl. 

*4J  A  measure,  two  bushels.    North. 

55  *  A  small  boat  able  to  endure  a  rough  sea. 
«  Let  go  the  bole."  Taylor. 

JOLEARMIN.     Sinople. 

BOLE- AX.  Explained  pole-axe  by  Weber,  Oc- 
tovian,  1023,  1039 ;  but  see  Reliq.  Antiq.  ii. 
176,  " hail  be  ye, potters,  with  jur  bole-ax" 

BOLE-HILLS.  A  provincial  term  for  heaps  of 
metallic  scoria,  which  are  often  met  with  in 
the  lead  mine  districts. 

BOLE-HOLES.  The  openings  in  a  barn  for 
light  and  air.  North. 

BOLES.  Places  on  hills  where  the  miners 
smelted  or  run  their  ore,  before  the  invention 
of  mills  and  furnaces. 

BOLE-WEED.  Knopweed.  Bole-wort,  bishop's- 
weed,  Topsell's  Hist.  Beasts,  p.  77. 

BOLEYN-DE-GRACE.  Bologna  in  Italy.  See 
Nugse  Poet.  p.  2 ;  Kyng  Alisaunder,  1444. 

BOLGED.    Displeased ;  angry.    North. 

BOLGIT.    Large ;  bulky  ? 

And  after  they  com  with  gret  navi, 

With  bolgit  schipis  ful  craftly, 

The  havyn  for  to  han  schent.    ReUq.  Antiq.  ii.  24. 

BOLINE.  A  boline  is  translated  by  Wase,  Dic- 
tionary, 1662,  clavm  in  navi.  Howell  has 
holing,  sect.  6,  apparently  the  bow-line. 

BOLISME.  Immoderate  appetite.  See  a  list  of 
old  words  prefixed  to  Batman  uppon  Bartho- 
lome,  1582. 

BOLKE.  (1)  To  belch.  (A.-S.)  Also  a  sub- 
stantive, as  in  Piers  Ploughman,  p.  100.  Cf. 
Reliq.  Antiq.  ii.  84. 

Thai  blaw  and  bolJtys  at  thaire  mouthe, 
And  perchaunce  ellysquare. 

MS.  Cantab.  Ff.  T.  4S,  f.  84. 

(2)  A  heap.    Pr.  Parv. 

BOLL.  (1)  An  apparition.  Lane. 

(2)  A  man  who  manages  power-looms.   North. 

BOLLE,  (1)  A  bud ;  a  pod  for  seed.  See  Nares, 
p.  48,  a  verb. 

Take  the  bollj  of  the  popy  while  it  is  grene,  and 
stamps  it,  and  temper  it  with  oyle  roset,  and  make 
a  plastur,  and  l?y  to  the  temples,  and  that  schal 
Staunche  heede-ache.  MS.  Med.  CatJi.  Hereford,  f.8. 

(2)  A  bowl,  cup,  or  tankard,  with  a  cover  to  it. 
See  Arch,  xxiii.  26 ;  Lydgate,  p.  52 ;  Piers 
Ploughman,  pp.  83,  99. 

Do  now,  and  ful  the&o?te> 

And  je  schal  here  of  pympuvnolle. 

MS.  Shane 2157,  f,  6. 

BOLLED.    Struck ;  buffeted. 
$if  thou  be  prophete  of  pris,  prophecie,  they  sayde, 
"Whiche  nian  here  aboute  boiled  the  laste. 

MS.  Laud.  656,  f.l. 

BOLLEN.    To  swell.   (A.-S.) 

BOLLER.    A  drunkard.   Cf.  Towneley  Myst. 
s      p.  242. 


>3  BOL 

The  prestes  and  prynces  gun  hem  araye, 
Bothe  boilers  of  wyne  and  eche  a  gadlyng. 

MS.  Harl.  1701,  f.  87. 
BOLLEWED,    Ball-weed. 
BOLLEYNE.    Bullion.    Arch,  xviii  137 
BOLLING.    A  pollard.    Var.  dial. 
BOLLS.   The  ornamental  knobs  on  a  bedstead. 

See  Howell,  sect.  12. 
BOLLYNE.  To  peck.   Pr.  Pars. 
BOLLYNGE.    Swelling.   (A.-S.) 
Bile  and  blister  bollynge  sore 
On  alle  his  folke  lasse  and  more. 

Cursor  Mundi,  MS.  Coll.  Triti.  Cantab,  f.  38. 

BOLNED.   Emboldened. 
BOLNEDE.   Swelled.  (4.-S.) 

Wyndis  wexe  bothe  wilde  and  wode, 
Wawes  bolnede  in  the  flode. 

MS.  Lincoln  A.  i.  17,  f.  125. 
Thekyng  say  this  and  weptesore, 
How  meunes  bodies  bnlned  wore. 

Cut  nor  Mundi,  MS.  Coll.  Trin.  Cantab,  f.  30. 
It  blew6  on  the  brode  see,  and  bolnede  up  harde. 

MS.  Cott.  Calig.  A.  ii.  f.  109. 

SOLNING.   Swelling.  (A.-S.) 

The  fyre  it  quencheth  also  of  envye, 
And  represseth  the  bulnynge  eke  of  pryde. 

Lydgate,  MS.  Soc.  Antiq,  134,  f.  21. 

BOLSTER.  The  bed  of  a  timber  carriage.  Pads 
used  by  doctors  were  formerly  called  bolsters. 
See  Middleton's  Works,  iv."  452.  A  long 
round  jam  pudding  is  called  a  bolster-pud- 
ding, no  doubt  from  its  shape. 

BOLT.  (1)  According  to  Holme,  an  arrow  with 
a  round  knob  at  the  end  of  it,  and  a  sharp 
pointed  arrow-head    proceeding   therefrom. 
Bold-upright,    holt  on  end,   straight  as  an 
arrow.    To  bolt  food,  to  throw  it  down  the 
throat   without    chewing.     tl  Wide,    quoth 
Bolton,  when  Ms  bolt  flew  backward/'  a  pro- 
verb recorded  by  Howell,  p.  20. 
To  a  quequer  Roben  went, 
A  god  bolt  owthe  he  toke.       Robin  Hood,  i.  90, 

(2)  To  sift.    North.    Bolted-bread,  a  loaf  of 
sifted  wheat-meal,  mixed,  with  rye. 

(3)  A  narrow  piece  of  stuff.     "  Boltes  of  single 
worstede,"  Strutt,  ii.  83.    Perhaps  a  measure 
of  cloth,  as  in  Florio,  ed.  1611,  p.  453;  but 
see  Kennett's  Glossary,  p.  34. 

(4)  To  dislodge  a  rabbit.    See  Twici,  p.  27 ; 
Howell,  sect.  3;  Gent.  Rec.  ii.  76. 

(5)  To  run  away. 

(6)  Straw  of  pease.    East.    A  bolt  of  straw  is  a 
quantity  tied  up  fast. 

BOLTELL.    A  round  moulding. 

BOLTING-HUTCH.  The  wooden  receptacle 
into  which  the  meal  is  sifted. 

BOLTINGS.  Meetings  for  disputations,  or  pri- 
vate arguing  of  cases,  in  the  inns  of  court. 
Kennett,  MS.  Laasd.  1033,  says,  "  An  exer- 
cise performd  in  the  inns  of  Court  inferiour 
to  mooting," 

BOLTS.  The  herb  crowfoot ;  the  ranunculus 
globosus,  according  to  Gerard,  who  inserts  it 
in  his  list  of  obsolete  plants.  It  is  perhaps  the 
same  with,  "bolte,  petilmm,  trifatlum" 
Prompt.  Parv,  p.  43. 

BOLT'S.HEAD.  A  long,  straight-necked  glass 

13 


BON 


194 


BON 


vessel  or  receiver,  gradually  rising  to  a  coni- 
cal figure. 

BOLYE.  Huloet  has,  "  bolye  or  plummet  whyche 
mariners  use,  bolis." 

BOLYON.  A  small  kind  of  button,  used  as  fast- 
enings of  hooks,  &c.  but  sometimes  a  merely 
ornamental  stud  or  boss,  and  employed  in 
various  ways,  as  on  the  covers  of  books  and 
other  articles.  See  Bullions. 

BOLYS.    Bowls. 

BOMAN.    A  hobgoblin  or  kidnapper. 

BOMBARD.  (1)  A  large  drinking  can,  made  of 
leather.  Heywood  mentions,  "the  great 
black-jacks,  and  bombards  at  the  court,  which 
when  the  Frenchmen  first  saw,  they  reported, 
at  their  return  into  their  country,  that  the 
Englishmen  used  to  drink  out  of  their  boots." 
Hall,  in  his  Satires,  vi.  1,  talks  of  charging 
11  whole  boots-full  to  then*  friends  welfare." 
See  Boots.  Hence  bombard-man,  a  man  who 
carried  out  liquor.  Bombort,  a  person  who 
serves  liquor,  Peele's  Jests,  p.  27. 

(2)  A  kind  of  cannon.    See  Florio,  ed.  1611, 
pp.  100,  112,  127.  Bombardille,  a  smaller  sort 
of  bombard,  Arch.  xi.  436  ;  Meyrick,  ii.  291. 
Bombard  words,  high-sounding  words,  Death 
of  Robert,  Earl  of  Huntingdon,  p.  50. 

(3)  A  musical  instrument.   (A.-N.}    SeeRitson's 
Met.  Rom.  iii.  190. 

In  suche  acorde  and  suche  a  soune, 
Of  bombarde  and  of  clarion. 

Gower,  MS.  Sac.  Antiq.  134,  f.  245. 

BOMBARDS.  Padded  breeches. 

BOMBASE.  Cotton. 

Here  shrubs  of  Malta,  for  my  meaner  use, 
The  fine  white  bals  of  bombace  do  produce, 

DM  Bartas,  p.  27- 

BOMBAST.  Originally  cotton,  and  hence  ap- 
plied to  the  stuffing  out  of  dress,  because 
usually  done  with  that  material,  and  often 
employed  metaphorically.  It  is  also  a  verb. 
Cf.  Florio,  in  v.  tinqfalio,  Imbottire;  Dekker's 
Knight's  Conjuring,  p.  45. 

To  flourish  o're,  or  bumbast  out  my  stile, 
To  make  such  as  not  understand  me  smile. 

Taylor'*  Motto,  1622. 

BOMBAZE.  To  confound  ;  to  bewilder;  to  per- 

plex. East. 
BOMBONE.   To  hum,  as  bees.    Palsgrave  has, 

"Ibomme  as  a  bombyll  bee  dothe,  or  any 

flyCj/e  bruys" 

BOMESWISH.  Helter-skelter.  L  Wight. 
BOMING.    Hanging  down.   Somerset. 
BON.  (1)  A  band.   "  To  work  in  the  bon,"  signi- 

fies the  employment  of  a  collier  when  he  la- 

bours an  entire  day  in  stocking  coals  down. 


Prepared.    Richard  Goer  de  Lion,  1625. 


Good. 

Bound. 

Bane ;  destruction. 

Who  that  may  his  bon  be.        Perceval>  1338. 
BONABLE.    Strong;  able.   Howell  has,  " bon- 

age,  or  all  the  bones,"  Lex.  Tet.  Sect.  1. 
BONAIR.  Civil;  courtly;  gentle.  (A.-N.)  Spelt 
also  boner e.     See  Sevyn  Sages,  307  ;  -Kyng 
Msaunder,    6732;    Sir  Tristrem,  p.   152; 


Reliq.  Antiq,   ii.  28  ;    Chester   Plays,  i.  75 ; 
Apol.  Loll.  p.  94. 

Housewifly  loke  thin  house,  and  alle  thin  meynd, 
To  bitter  ne  to  boner  withe  hem  ne  schalt  thou  be. 

The  Good*  Wif,  p.  H. 

BONA-ROBA.      A     courtezan.      (Ital.)      See 
Cotgrave,  in  v.  Robbe  /  Tarlton's  Jests,  p.  63> 
Once  a  bona-roba,  trust  me, 
Though  now  buttock-shrunk  and  rusty. 

Barnaby's  Journal. 

BONA-SOCIAS.   Good  companions. 

BONCE.     A  kind  of  marble. 

BONCHEF.    Prosperity ;  opposed  to  mischief, 

misfortune.     See  Prompt  Parv.  p.  144  ;   Syr 

Gawayne,  p.  65. 

That  in  thi  mischef  forsakit  the  nojth, 
That  in  thi  bonchefax.it  the  nojth. 

Reliq.  Antiq.  ii.  18. 

BONCHEN.      To  beat.      Qu.   bonched,   Piers 
Ploughman,  p.  5,  beat,  conquered. 
And  right  forthewiih  of  hertely  repentaunce, 
They  bonchen  theire  brestis  with  fistes  wondre  score, 
Lydgate,  MS.  Ashm.  39,  f.  47. 

BOND.  Bondage.  "  Boudes,  bendeaus,"  Reliq. 
Antiq.  ii.  83,  bands,  a  common  form, 

BONDAGER.  A  cottager,  or  servant  in  husban- 
dry, who  has  a  house  for  the  year  at  an  under 
rent,  and  is  entitled  to  the  produce  of  a  certain 
quantity  of  potatoes.  For  these  advantages 
he  is  bound  to  work,  or  find  a  substitute, 
when  called  on,  at  a  fixed  rate  of  wages, 
lower  than  is  usual  in  the  country.  Brockett. 

BONDEMEN.    Husbandmen.    (A.-S.} 

BONDENE.    Bound.     See  Langtoft,  p.  238, 
Bonden,  subjection,  Towneley  Myst.  p.  51. 
A  birde  brighteste  of  ble 
Stode  faste  bondene  tille  a  tre. 

Sir  Perceval,  1830 

BONDERS.     Binding  stones. 

BONDY.    A  simpleton.     JorJcsh. 

BONE.  (1)  Good.  (A.-N.)  See  Torrent  of 
Portugal,  p.  86  ;  Bale's  Kynge  Johan,  p.  41  > 
Hall,  Edward  IV.  f.  19, 

(2)  Ready. 

Whan  he  sauh  that  Roberd  for  wroth  turned  so  sone, 
And  nothing  ansuerd,  bot  to  wend  was  alle  bone. 

Pate)'  Langtcft,  p.  99. 

(3)  A  petition;   a  request;   command.    (A.-S.) 
See  Audelay's  Poems,  p.  15 ;  Minot's  Poems, 
p.   15;    Cov.  Myst.  p.  28;    Warton,  i.  89; 
Chester  Plays,  i.  42. 

(4)  A  ship  is  said  to  carry  a  bone  in  her  mouth, 
and  cut  a  feather,  when  she  makes  the  water 
foam  before  her.     Howell. 

(5)  To  seize ;  to  arrest. 

BONE-ACE.    A  game  at  cards.    Florio,  in  v. 
Trentuno,  mentions  "  a  game  at  cards  called 
one  and  thirtie,  or  bone-ace." 
But  what  sliall  bee  our  game  ?    Primero  ?  Gleeke? 
Or  one  and  thirty,  bone-ace,  or  new-cut  ? 

Machivells  Dogge,  1617. 

BONE-ACHE.  Lues  venerea.  Likewise  called 
the  bone-ague. 

Which  they  so  dearly  pay  for,  that  oft  times 
They  a  bone-ague  get  to  plague  their  crimes. 

Clobery's  Divine  Glimpses,  1659,  p.  35. 

BONE-CART.    The  body.    Moor  gives  it  as  a 


BON 


195 


BOO 


?erb,  to  carry  on  the  shoulder  articles  more 
fitted  from  their  weight  to  be  moved  in  a 
cart. 

BONE-CLEANER.     A  servant.     L  Wight. 
BONE-DRY.     Perfectly  dry. 
BONE-FLOWER.    A  daisy.    North. 
BONE-GRACE.     A  horder  attached  to  a  honnet 
or  projecting  hat  to  defend  the  complexion. 
Sometimes  a  mere  shade  for  the  face,  a  kind 
of  veil  attached  to  a  hood.    Cotgrave  says,  in  v. 
Corriette,  "  a  fashion  of  shadow,  or  boonegrace, 
used  in  old  time,  and  at  this  day  hy  some  old 
women."      See    Florio,   ed    1611,  p.   340; 
Baret's  Alvearie,  B.   922 ;     Beaumont  and 
Fletcher,  iii.  246 ;  Collier's  Hist.  Dram.  Poet, 
ii.  387.    In  Scotland  the  term  is  still  in  use, 
applied  to  a  large  bonnet  or  straw-hat. 
Her  bongi-ace,  which  she  ware  with  her  French  hode 
Whan  she  wente  oute  alwayes  for  sonne  bornynge. 
The  Pardoner  and  the  Frere,  1533. 
BONE-HOSTEL.     Lodging.     Gaw. 
BONE-LACE.    Lace  worked  on  bobbins,  or 
bones,  q.  v.     And  hence  the  term,  according 
to  Kennett,  MS.  Lansd.  1033.    See  Strutt,  ii. 
99  ;  Unton  Inventories,  p.  30  j  Arch.  xi.  96. 
BONE-LAZY.    Excessively  indolent. 
BONELESS.    A  kind  of  ghost.     See  Scot's 
Discoverie  of  Witchcraft,  1584,  quoted  in 
Ritson's  Essay  on  Fairies,  p.  45. 
BONENE.     Of  bones,  gen.  pi. 

Thah  thou  muche  thenche, 

Ne  spek  thou  nout  al ; 
Bynd  thine  tonge 

With  bonene  vral.       Relig.  Antiq.  i.  112. 
BONERYTE.    Gentleness.    (A.-N.) 
There  beth  twey  wymmen  yn  a  cyte* 
Of  so  moche  boneryt£, 

That  alle  the  penaunce  that  thou  raayst  do, 
Ne  may  nat  reche  here  godenes  to. 

MS.  Hart.  1701,  f,  13. 

BONES.  (1)  Dice.    Rowley. 

And  on  the  borde  he  whyrled  a  payre  of  'bones, 
Quater  treye  dews  he  clatered  as  he  wnte. 

Skelton'8  Works,  L  43. 

(2)  To  make  no  bones  of  a  thing,  to  make  no 
difficulty  about  it.     See  Cotgrave,  in  v.  Diffi- 
culter.    In  Holinshed,  Chron.  Ireland,  p.  72, 
mention  is  made  of  the  proverb,  "  better  a 
castell  of  bones  than  of  stones." 

(3)  The  carcase  of  a  hog  is  divided  into  two 
parts,  1.  the  flick,  the  outer  fat,  which  is  cured 
for  bacon ;  2.  the  bones,  consisting  of  the  other 
part  of  it. 

(4)  Bobbins  for  making  lace.     North. 
BONESETTER.   A  rough  trotting  horse.  South. 

A  doctor  is  occasionally  so  called. 
BONE-SHAVE.    The  sciatica.    Devon.     The 
following  is  a  noted  charm  for  this  complaint. 
"  Bone-shave  right ; 
Bone-shave  straight ; 
As  the  water  runs  by  the  stave, 
Good  for  bone-shave." 
BONE-SORE.    Very  idle.    West.    Sometimes 

bone-tired  is  used  in  the  same  sense. 
BONET.    A  kind  of  small  cap  worn  close  to  the 
head.    See  Planches  British  Costume,  p.  21 3. 


Huloet  has,  "  bonnet  or  undercappe,  galencu- 

lum,-"   which  Elyot  translates,  "an  under 

bonef  or  rydynge  cappe." 
BONEY.     A  cart-mare.     Suffolk. 
BONGAIT.    To  fasten.     Cuml. 
BONHOMME.    A  priest.    Skinner. 
BONIE.  Kennett,  MS. Lansd.  1033,  has,  "a  lonie 

on  the  head,  a  blow  or  wound  on  the  head.  Ess" 
BONITO.    A  kind  of  tunny-fish,  mentioned  in 

Beaumont  and  Fletcher,  vi.  331. 
BONKE.    A  bank ;  a  height.     (4.-S.) 
BONKER.    Large;  strapping.    East.    Also  to 

outdo  another  in  feats  of  agility. 
BONKET.    A  huckle-bone.    See  Cotgrave,  in 

v.  Astragale.    Howell,  sect.  28,  mentions  a 

game,  "  to  play  at  bonJcet,  or  huckle-bone." 
BONNAGHT.    A  tax  paid  to  the  lord  of  the 

manor,  a  custom  formerly  in  vogue  in  Ireland. 

See  Holinshed,  Chron.  Ireland,  p.  78. 
BONNE.    To  bend?    See  Chester  Plaj-    *U36. 

May  we  read  boune  ? 
BONNETS.     Small  sails. 
BONNILY.     Pretty  well.    North. 
BONNY.     (1)  Brisk ;  cheerful ;  in  good  health. 

Var.  dial. 
(2)  Good ;  valuable ;  fair.    North. 

He  bad  his  folk  fyghte  harde, 
With  spere  mace,  and  sweord ; 
And  he  wolde,  after  fyght, 
Bonie  londis  to  heom  dyght, 

Kyng  Alisaunder,  3903. 

BONNY-CLABBER.  Usually  explained,  sour 
buttermilk;  but  Randal  Holme,  p.  173,  has, 
"  boniclatter,  cream  gone  thick;"  and  in  an- 
other place,  "  boni  thlobber  is  good  milk  gone 
thick." 

BONNY-GO.     Spirited;  frisky.    /.  Wight. 
BONOMABLY.   Abominably,  excessively.    See 

Peele's  Works,  iii.  88. 
BONSOUR.    A  vault.    (A.-N.) 

The  butras  com  out  of  the  diche, 
Of  rede  gold  y-arched  riche ; 
The  bonsour  was  avowed  al 
Of  ich  maner  divers  animal. 

Sir  Qrpheo,  ed.  Laing,  325. 

BONTEVOUS.    Bounteous. 

BONTING.  A  binding;  curved  bars  of  iron 
connected  together  by  hooks  and  links,  and 
put  round  the  outside  of  ovens  and  furnaces 
to  prevent  their  swelling  outwards. 

BONUS-NOCHES.    Goodnight.     (Span.) 

BONWORT.  The  less  daisy.  See  Arch.  xxx. 
404  ;  Reliq.1  Antiq.  i.  37. 

BONX.    To  beat  up  batter  for  puddings.  Essex. 

BONY.  A  swelling  on  the  body  arising  from 
bruises  or  pressure.  Pr.  Parv. 

BOO.     Both.     (4.-S.) 

Into  the  diche  they  fallen  boo, 
For  they  ne  seen  howe  they  go. 

Cat.  of  Douce  MSS.  p.  15. 

BOOBY-HUTCH.    A  clumsy  and  ill-contrived 

covered  carriage  or  seat.    East. 
BOOD.    Abode; -tarried.     Chaucer. 
BOODGE.     To   stuff  bushes   into   a  hedge. 

fferefordsh. 
BOODIES.    Broken  pieces  of  earthenware  or 


BOO 


106 


glass  used  by  girls  for  decorating  a  play- 
house, called  a  boody-house,  made  in  imi- 
tation of  an  ornamental  cabinet.    North. 
BOODLE.     Corn  marigold. 

The  brake  and  the  cockle  be  noisome  too  much, 
Yet  like  unto  boodle  no  weed  there  is  such. 

Tusser,  p.  152. 

BOOF.     Stupid.    Line. 

BOOGTH.     Size.     Yortoh. 

BOOING.  Roaring ;  bleating ;  making  a  noise 
like  cattle.  North. 

BOOK.  This  word  was  formerly  used  for  any 
composition  from  a  volume  to  a  single  sheet, 
particularly  where  a  list  is  spoken  of.  See 
the  State  Papers,  i.  402.  To  be  in  a  person's 
books,  to  be  in  his  favour.  To  say  off  book, 
to  repeat. 

BOOKHOLDER.  A  prompter.  See  Ben  Jon- 
son,  iv.  366  ;  Nomenclator,  p.  501,  "  he  that 
telleth  the  players  their  part  when  they  are 
out  and  have  forgotten,  the  prompter  or  booke- 
holder"  Palsgrave  has,  "  boke  bearer  in  a 
playe,  prothocolle" 

BOOKING.    A  scolding ;  a  flogging.     South. 

BOOKSMAN.     A  clerk  or  secretary. 

BOOL.     To  bawl.     Becon. 

BOOLD.    Bold,     (A.-S.)  \ 

BOOLK.    To  abuse ;  to  bully.    Suffolk.     •       \ 

BOOLY.    Beloved.  I 

BOOM.  Sticks  placed  at  the  margin  of  deep 
channels  along  the  coast  or  in  harbours,  to 
warn  boats  from  the  mud.  South. 

BOOMER.     Smuggled  gin.     Brocket*. 

BOON.    (1)  Good;  fair.    (A.-N.) 

(2)  A  bone.     Weber. 

(3)  Going.    North. 

(4)  To  mend  the  highways.    Lino. 
BOON-DAYS.     The  days  on  which  tenants  are 

bound  to  work  for  their  lord  gratis.   North. 

BOONS.     (1)  Fowls.     Yor&sk. 

(2)  Highway  rates,  or  rates  for  repairing  the 

"  roads.  Line.  The  surveyor  is  called  a  boon- 
master.  In  Arch.  x.  84,  mention  is  made  of 
a  boon-wain,  a  kind  of  waggon. 

BOOR.  A  parlour.  North.  Kennett,  MS. 
Lansd.  1033,  says,  "  the  parlor,  bed-chamber, 
or  any  inner  room." 

BOQRD.    To  board. 

BOORSLAPS.  A  coarse  kind  of  linen,  men- 
tioned by  Kennett. 

BOOSE.  A  stall  for  cattle.  Boosy-pasture, 
the  pasture  which  lies  contiguous  to  the 
boose.  Boosy,  the  trough  out  of  which  cattle 
feed.  Boosing-staJce,  the  post  to  which  they 
are  fastened.  North.  Cf.  Prompt.  Parv. 
pp.  41,  103. 

BOOSENING.  A  method  of  curing  mad  people 
by  immersion,  described  in  Brand's  Pop. 
Antiq.  iii.  149. 

BOOSH.    To  gore  as  a  bull.     West. 

BOOST.     Boast;  noise.     Weber. 

BOOSTER.     To  perspire.     Devon. 

BOOSY.     Intoxicated. 

BOOT.  (1)  A  kind  of  rack  for  the  leg,  a  species 
of  torture  described  in  Douce's  Illustrations, 
1.  32.  Cf.  Florio,  in  v.  Bolgicckmo. 


(2)  Bit.     Cf.  Cov.  Myst.  p.  29 ;  Octovian,  329. 
Bothe  thei  boot  mon  and  beest, 
To  flesshe  fiejes  were  thei  likest. 

Cursor  Mundi,  MS.  Coll-  ZVin.  Cantab,  f.  37. 

f  3)  A  boat.  (4.-S.) 

(4)  Help ;  reparation ;  amendment ;  restoration ; 
remedy.  (A.-S.) 

BOOTCATCHER.  A  person  at  an  inn  who  pulls 
off  the  boots  of  passengers. 

BOOTED-CORN.  Corn  imperfectly  grown,  as 
barley,  when  part  of  the  ear  remains  enclosed 
in  the  sheath.  South. 

BOOTHALING.  Robbery ;  freebooting.  Boot- 
dialer,  a  robber  or  freebooter.  Boothale,  to 
rob,  to  steal,  which  Miege  gives  as  a  North- 
country  word.  See  Florio,  in  v.  Abottino ; 
Cotgrave,  in  v.  Destrousser;  Middleton,ii.  532 ; 
Nash's  Pierce  PenHesse,  1592. 

BOOTHER.  A  hard  flinty  stone,  rounded  like 
a  bowl.  North. 

BOOTHYR.     A  small  river  vessel.  Pr.  Parv. 

BOOTING.    A  robbery. 

BOOTING-CORN.  A  kind  of  rent-corn,  men- 
tioned by  Blount  and  Kennett. 

BOOTNE.    To  restore,  remedy.     (A.-S.) 

Blynde  and  bed-reden 

Were  bootned  a  thousande.  Piers  Ploughman,  p.  128. 

BOOTS.  A  person  wbo  is  very  tipsy  is  said  to 
be  in  his  boots.  See  Kennett's  Glossary,  p.  32, 
who  calls  it  "  a  country  proverb."  To  give 
the  boots,  to  make  a  laughing-stock  of  one,  as 
in  Two  Gent,  of  Verona,  i.  1. 

BOOTY.  To  play  booty,  to  allow  one's  adversary 
to  win  at  first  in  order  to  induce  him  to  con- 
tinue playing  afterwards.  See  Howell,  sect.  28. 

BOP.    To  dip ;  to  duck.     East. 

BO-PEEP.  An  infantile  game,  played  by  nurses, 
according  to  Sherwood,  se  cachans  le  visage  et 
puis  se  monstrant.  See  Douce's  Illustrations, 
ii.  146;  Florio,  ed.  1611,  p.  123;  Goodwin's 
Six  Ballads,  p.  6 ;  Hudibras,  II.  iii.  633. 

BOR.    A  boar.     (A.-S.) 

BORACHIO.  Minsheu  mentions  "  the  Spanish 
borachoe,  or  bottle  commonly  of  a  pigges 
skinne,  with  the  haire  inward,  dressed  in- 
wardly with  razen  and  pitch  to  keepe  wine  or 
liquor  sweet."  See  Ben  Jonson,  v.  44.  Florio, 
ed.  1611,  p.  65,  says  it  was  made  of  goat's 
skin.  Hence  the  term  is  figuratively  applied 
to  a  dnraitatd,  as  in  Middleton,  iv.  103. 

BORAS.     Borax.     (A.-N.) 

BORASCOES.  Storms  of  thunder  and  lightning. 
Kennett,  MS.  Lansd.  1033. 

BORATOE.  Bornbasin.  Seethe  Book  of  Rates, 
1675,  p.  27. 

BORD.  A  border  ;  the  side  of  a  ship.  (A.-N."} 
Hence,  over  bord,  or  over-board,  as  we  now 
have  it.  "  Stood  to  bord,"  stood  on  the  board 
or  side  of  the  vessel.  Cf.  Richard  Coer  de 
Lion,  2531,  2543  ;  Sir  Sglamour,  902.  The 
bord,  or  border  of  a  shield,  Kyng  Alisaunder, 
1270.  Some  of  the  dramatists  seem  to  use  it 
in  the  sense  of  size.  See  Middleton' s  "Works, 
iv.  5. 

BORDAGE.     A  bord-halfpenny.    Skinner. 
BORDE.    A  table.   (,/.-£)    Hence  the  modern 


BOR 


197 


I30R 


expression,  board  and  lodging.  To  begin  the 
horde,  to  take  the  principal  places  at  the  high 
table,  which  was  generally  the  upper  end,  and 
called  the  'board-end.  The  table-cloth  was 
called  the  borde-clothe,  as  in  MS.  Arand.  249, 
f.  89  ;  Boke  of  Curtasye,  p.  5,  and  it  still  re- 
tains  that  name  in  East  Anglia,  according  to 
Vurby,  i.  31. 

Than  seyd  thei  all  at  a  word, 
That  eokwoldes  schulii  begynne  the  bord, 
And  sytt  hycst  in  the  halle. 

Coku-fjldi*  Davnce,  200. 

BORDEL.  A  brothel  (4.-N.)  See  Prompt. 
Parv.  p.  44  ;  Reliq.  Antiq.  ii.  61.  Later  writers 
have  the  term  bordello. 

He  ladde  hire  to  the  bordel  thoo, 
No  wondir  is  thouje  sche  be  wo. 

Cower,  MS.  Soc.  Antiq.  134,  f.  238. 

BORDELL.     A  border?    See   MS.  Bib.  Reg. 

7  C.  xvi. — "  item,  a  great  bordell  enameled 

with  redde  and  white." 
BORDELLER.    The  keeper  of  a  brothel. 
BORDERED.    Restrained.    Shak. 
BORD-HALFPENNY.    Money  paid  in  fairs  and 

markets  for  setting  up  tables,  lords,  and  stalls, 

for  sale  of  wares.    Blount, 
BORD  JOUR.    A  jester. 

And  a  blynde  man  for  a  tordjour. 

Piers  Ploughman,  p.  524. 

BORDLANDS.  The  lands  appropriated  by  the 
lord  of  a  manor  for  the  support  of  his  board  or 
table. 

BORD  OUR.  Apparently  a  piece  of  armour  at- 
tached to  the  cuirass.  Gaw. 

BORD  RAGING.    Ravaging  on  the  borders. 

BORD-YOU.  A  term  used  by  a  harvest  man  to 
another  who  is  drinking  from  the  bottle  or 
small  cask,  meaning  that  he  may  have  the 
next  turn  of  drinking.  Norfolk. 

BORDYS.    Tournaments. 

So  longe  he  hath  hawntyd  bordys, 
That  of  armes  he  bare  the  prys. 

MS.  Cantab,  Ff.  ii.  33,  f.  155. 
BORE.  (1)  Born.    Ellis,  iii.  137. 

(2)  A  pore.     Weber, 

(3)  A  kind  of  cabbage.     Tusser. 

(4)  An  iron  mould  in  which  nails  are  manufac- 
tured.   Salop. 

(5)  That  peculiar  head  or  first  flowing  of  the 
water  from  one  to  two  or  more  feet  in  height 
at  spring  tides,  seen  in  the  river  Parret,  for  a 
few  miles  below  and  also  at  Bridgewater,  and 
which  is  seen  also  in  some  other  rivers.  [Bo- 
reas ?]  "  Boriall  stremys,"  Reliq.  Antiq.  i.  206. 

BOREE.    A  kind  of  dance. 

BOREL.  A  kind  of  coarse  woollen  cloth.  Ac- 
cording to  Ducange,  panni  spissioris  ac  mlioris 
species;  and  Roquefort  says,  "grosse  etoffe 
en  laine  de  couleur  rousse  ou  grisatre,  dont 
s'habillent  ordinairement  les  ramoneursY'  In 
MS.  Graves  42,  f.  73,  "  a  borrell,  a  pleye- 
fellow ;"  and  the  term  is  constantly  applied 
to  laymen,  as  lorelfolJc  and  borel  men.  See 
Wright's  Glossary  to  Piers  Ploughman,  p.  583, 
It  seems  to  mean  unlearned,  in  contradistinc- 
tion to  the  priests,  or  clerkes. 


But  wela  I  wot  as  nice,  fresche,  and  gay, 
Som  of  hem  ben,  as  borel  folk  it,  ben, 
And  that  unsittynge  is  to  here  dtgre'. 

Qccleve*  MS.  Soc.  Antiq.  134,  f.  258. 
Thus  I,  whiche  am  a  loreU  clerke, 
Purpose  for  to  write  a  booke, 
After  the  worlde  that  whilom  toke 
Longe  time  in  olde  daies  passed. 

Gower,  ed.  1554,  f.  1. 

And  we  see  by  experience  intravellthe  rudemsse 
and  simplici!  y  of  the  people  that  are  seated  far  North, 
which  no  doubt  is  intimated  by  a  vulgar  speech, 
when  we  say  such  a  man  hath  a  bun-ell  wit,  as  if 
we  said  boieale  ingenium. 

The  Optick  Glasse  of  Humors,  lG3y,  p.  ?{). 
BORELY.     Large;  strong. 
BORESON.    A   badger.      See  Blome's  Gent. 

Rec.  ii.  90. 

BORPRE1E.  Same  as  berfrey,  4.  v. 
Sowis  to  myne  men  made  sleie, 
And  borfreies  to  ryse  an  heie. 

MS.  Mdit.  100,%,  f.  24. 

BORGH.  A  pledge;  a  surety.  (A.-S.)  See 
Piers  Ploughman,  p.  346;  Towneley  Myst* 
p.  333. 

BORGHEGANG.  Surety.  (4.-S.)  Or,  perhaps, 
some  duty  paid  for  leave  to  pass  through  a 
borough  town.  The  term  occurs  in  Robert  de 
Brunne's  translation  of  the  Manuel  des  Pcchts, 
MS.  Harl.  1701,  and  MS.  Bodl.  415. 

BORGHTE.    A  borough. 

BORH.    A  boy.    East. 

BORHAME.     A  flounder.    North. 

BOR1TH.  A  herb  used  by  fullers  to  take  out 
stains.  Skinner. 

BORJAES.    Burges&es. 

BORJOUNE.  A  bud.  See  Arthour  and  Merlin, 
p.  65.  Also  a  verb,  as  in  Prompt.  Parv,  p,  2/6, 
erroneously  spelt  lorionne. 

BORKEN.    Barking.  (^.-5.) 

BORLER.  A  clothier.  See  a  list  of  trades  in 
Cocke  Lorelles  Bote,  p.  9. 

BORLICH.     Burly. 

BORN-DAYS.    Life-time.    Var.  dial 

BORNE.  (1)  To  burn.  See  Chester  plays, 
i.  134, 177.  "  Shee  borned  a  knave,"  gave 
birth  to  a  boy,  ib.  p.  181. 

(2)  To  burnish.     See   Skinner,  and  Warton's 
Hist.  Engl.  Poet.  ii.  275. 

(3)  A  stream.     Gaw. 
BORN-FOOL.    An  idiot.    Var.  dial 

BORO W.  A  tithing ;  the  number  of  ten  fami- 
lies who  were  bound  to  the  king  for  each 
other's  good  behaviour.  According  to  Lam- 
barde's  Perambulation,  ed.  1596,  p. 27,  "that 
which  in  the  \Vest  countrey  was  at  that  tune, 
and  yet  is,  called  a  tithing,  is  in  Kent  termed 
a  borow."  Harrison,  Description  of  England, 
p.  174,  has  lorowage,  borrowing. 

BOROWE.  A  pledge ;  a  surety.  Also  a  verb. 
See  Robin  Hood,  i,  13 ;  Towneley  Myst.  pp.  25, 
156 ;  Reliq.  Antiq.  i.  9 ;  Stanihurst's  Descrip- 
tion of  Ireland,  p.  54.  JBorowehode,  surety- 
ship, Robin  Hood,  i.  43.  tf  Saint  George  to 
borowe,"  i.  e.  St.  George  being  surety, 
inon  phrase  in  early  poetry. 


BOS 


198 


EOT 


Thus  levoth  the  kyng  in  sorowe, 
'1'her  may  no  blys  fro  bale  hyrn  borotve, 

MS.  Cantab.  Ff-  ii.  38,  f.  75. 
And  thus  Sainct  George  to  borowe, 
Ye  shall  have  shame  and  sorowe. 

Skelten's  Works  ii.  83, 

BORREL.    A  "borer  or  piercer. 
BORRID.     A  sow  marls  appetens. 
BORRIER.    An  auger,    Lluyd's  MS.  additions 

to  Ray,  Mus.  Ashm. 
BORROW-PENCE.    Ancient  coins  formerly  so 

called  in  Kent.    See  Harrison's  Description 

of  England,  p.  218. 

BORSE.    A  calf  six  months  old.    Hants. 
BORSEN.    Burst.    (A.-S.)    See  Chester  Plays, 

ii.  123.    Borsen-bellied,  ruptured.     Var.  dial 
BORSHOLDER.     A  superior  constable. 

Item  that  no  constable,  borsholder,  nor  bailly, 

lette  any  man  or  womman  to  bailie,  maynprise  or 

ondirborwe.  ATS.  Bodl.  e  Mus.  225. 

BORSOM.    Obedient.    Leg.  Oath.  p.  44. 
BORSTAL.     According  to  Kenuett,  MS.  Lansd. 

1033,  "  any  seat  on  the  side  or  pitch  of  a  hill." 
BORSTAX.    A  pick-axe. 
BORT.    A  board ;  a  table.    This  word  occurs  as 

the  translation  of  mensa  in  a  curious  list  of 

words  in  MS.  Lansd.  560,  f.  45,  written  in 

Lancashire  in  the  15th  century. 
BORWAGE.   A  surety.    Prompt.  Parv, 
BORWE.  (1)  A  bower ;  a  chamber. 

(2)  A  town;  a  borough.     See   Sir  Tristrem, 
p.  140  ;  Leg.  Cath.  p.  183. 

(3)  To  save ;  to  guard.     (A.-S.) 
f  4)  A  pledge ;  a  surety. 

JtJORWEN.  To  give  security  or  a  pledge  to 
release  a  person  or  thing ;  to  bail ;  to  borrow. 
(A.-S.) 

BOR3E.    Borough ;  city ;  castle. 
BOS.    A  game,  mentioned  in  Moor's  Suffolk 

Words,  p.  238. 

BOSARDE.    A  buzzard ;  a  species  of  hawk  un- 
fit for  sporting.    Hence,  a  worthless  or  useless 
fellow,  as  in  Piers  Ploughman,  p.  189. 
JBOSC.    A  bush.    (A.-N.) 
BOSCAGE.   A  wood.    See  bosjcage,  Ywaine  and 
Gawin,  1671 ;  Skelton,  ii.  28.    According  to 
Blount, "  that  food  which  wood  and  trees  yield 
to  cattle."    Cotgrave  has,  "  Infoliature,  bos- 
cage, or  leafe-worke,  in  carving." 
BOSCHAYLE.    A  thicket ;  a  wood.  (4.-N.) 
BOSCHES.    Bushes. 
BOSE.  (1)  Behoves. 

The  synfull,  he  sayse,  als  es  wrytene, 
Wyth  pyne  of  the  dede  when  he  es  smytene, 
That  he  thorgh  payne  that  hym  bose  drye, 
Hymselfe  forgettes  when  he  salle  dye. 

Hampole,  MS.  Bowes,  p.  67. 

(2)  A  hollow.  North.  The  term  occurs  in  an 
early  and  curious  vocabulary  in  MS.  Lansd. 
560,  f.  45,  written  in  Lancashire. 

(3)  Boast ;  praise  ?  [Lose  ?] 

And  so  tille  Saturday  were  fynischid  and  done, 
Of  alle  oure  byleve  sche  bare  the  base. 

Legends,  RatvHnson  MS. 

BOSEN.    A  badger.    North. 

BOSH.    A  dash,  or  show.    East. 

BOSHES.    According  to  Kennett,  MS.  Lansd, 


1033,  "  the  bottom  of  the  furnace  in  which 
they  melt  their  iron  ore,  the  sides  of  which 
furnace  descend  obliquely  like  the  hopper  of 
a  mill." 

BOSHOLDER.  A  tithing-man  ;  the  chief  person 
in  an  ancient  tithing  of  ten  families.  See 
Lambarde's  Perambulation,  ed.  1596,  p.  27. 

BOSKE.  A  bush.  "  A  boske  of  breres,  la  dume," 
Reliq.  Antiq.  ii.  83.  Bosfaj,  bushy,  but  gene- 
rally explained  woody,  as  in  the  Tempest, 
iv.  1. 

BO  SEED.     See  Buske. 

BOSOM.  (1)  To  eddy.     YorJcsh. 

;2)  Wish  ;  desire.     Shaft. 

:3)  Bosom-sermons  are  mentioned  in  the  Egerton 
Papers,  p.  9. 

BOSOMED.  See  King  Lear,  v.  1 ;  and  an  in- 
stance of  the  word  in  the  same  sense  in  Hey- 
wood's  Royall  King  and  Loyall  Subject,  1637, 
sig.  F,  iii. 

BOSON.  A  boatswain.  An  early  form  of  the 
word  occurring  in  the  first  edition  of  Shake- 
speare, and  other  authors.  Lye, in  his  additions 
to  Junius,  has,  "  boson  corrupte  pro  boatswam, 
prsepositus  remigum,  scaphiarius." 

BOSS.  (1)  A  head  or  reservoir  of  water.  See 
Ben  Jonson,  viii.  9. 

(2)  A  great  stone  placed  at  the  intersection  of 
the  ribs.  An  architectural  term.  Willis,  p.  43. 

'3)  To  emboss ;  to  stud. 
A  hassock.    North. 

(5)  A  protuberance.  (A.- N.)  See  Chaucer,  Cant. 
T.  3268 ;  Gesta  Rom.  p.  446  ;  Marlowe,  i.  48. 

(6)  A  large  marble.     Warw. 

(7)  A  hood  for  mortar.    East. 

(8)  To  throw.    Sussex. 

BOSSOCK.    Large ;  fat ;  coarse.    Also,  to  top 

and  tumble  clumsily.     Var.  dial. 
BOSS-OUT.    A  game  at  marbles,  also  called 

boss  and  span,  mentioned  in  Strutt's  Sports, 

p.  384. 

BOSSY.  (1)  Thick  set ;  corpulent.    North. 
(2)  Convex. 

BOSSY-CALF.    A  spoilt  child.    Dorset. 
BOST.  (1)  Pride;  boasting.    (A.-S.) 

(2)  Aloud.     Chaucer. 

(3)  Embossed.    Middleton. 

(4)  Burst.     West. 

BOSTAL.    A  winding  way  up  a  very  steep  bill. 

Sussex. 

BOSTANCE.    Boasting;  bragging.     Chaucer. 
BOSTEN.    To  boast.     (A^S.) 
BOSTLYE.    Boasting.     Gaw. 
BOSTUS.    Boastful;  arrogant. 
BOSWELL.    Some  part  of  a  fire-grate.  Suffolk, 
BOT.  (1)  A  boat.    Reliq,  Antiq.  ii.  82. 
(2)  A  sword ;  a  knife ;  anything  that  bites  or 

wounds. 

3)  Bit.  "  Manimouthethe  gres  lot"  slain- 

4)  A  jobber;  a  botcher.    Yor&sh. 

5)  Bought.    Devon. 

6)  Both.     "     ' 
(7)  Unless. 

BOTANO.    A  kind  of  blue  linen. 
BOTARGE.    The  spawn  of  a  mullet. 


EOT 


199 


EOT 


BOTARGO.  A  kind  of  salt  cake,  or  rather 
sausage,  made  of  the  hard  row  of  the  sea 
mullet,  eaten  with  oil  and  vinegar,  but  chiefly 
used  to  promote  drinking.  Nares. 

BOTCH.     (1)  A  thump.     Sussex. 

(2)  An  inflamed  tumour.     North. 

BOTCHET.     Small  beer  mead.    North. 

BOTCHMENT.    An  addition. 

BOTE.  (1)  Bit ;  wounded.  (A.-S.)  See  Ellis's 
Met.  Rom.  ii.  77 ;  Langtoft,  p.  243. 

(2)  Ate.     Gaw. 

(3)  Help ;  remedy ;  salvation.    Also  a  verb,  to 
help.     "  There  is  no  bote  of  manys  deth," 
there  is  no  help  for  it,  Orpheo,  MS.  Ashmole. 
Bote-less,  without  remedy. 

(4)  Better.     Ritson. 
BOTEL.    A  bottle.     (A.-N.) 

BOTELER.     A  butler,     Rob.  Glouc.  p.  187. 

Botileris,  Kyng  Alisaunderj  834. 
BOTEMAY.  Bitumen.    Weber.   Spelt  Itotemeys 

in  Kyng  Alis.  4763. 
BOTENEN.    To  button.     (A.-N.) 
BOTENUS.    Buttons. 
BOTENYNG.    Help ;  assistance.     (A.-S.) 
A  wode  man  touched  on  hys  bere, 
And  a  party  of  hys  clothyng, 
And  anone  he  hadde  botenyng. 

MS.  Karl.  1701,  f.  73. 
BOTER.    Butter. 

BOTE-RAIL.    A  horizontal  rail.     North. 
BOTERASSE.    A  buttes. 
BOTERFLIE.    A  butterfly.     (A.-S.) 
BOTESCARL.    A  boatswain.     Skinner. 
BOTEWS.    A  kind  of  large  boot,  covering  the 
whole  leg,  and  sometimes  reaching  above  the 
knee.    See  Wardrobe  Accounts  of  Edw.  IV. 
p.  119 ;  Howard  Household  Books,  p.  139. 
BOT-FORKE.     A  crooked  stick,  the  same  as 
burn-stick,  q.  v. 

Mon  in  the  mone  stond  ant  strit, 
On  is  bot-forke  is  burthen  he  bereih. 

Wright's  Lyric  Poetry,  p.  110. 

BOTHAN.    A  tumour.    Devon. 
BOTHE.    A  store-house ;  a  shop  where  wares 
are  sold.    It  is  translated  by  selda  in  Prompt. 
Parv.  p.  46.    A  booth. 

They  robbedyn  tresours  and  clothes, 
And  brenten  townes  and  bother 

Kyng  Alisaunder,  3457' 

BOTHEM.    A  watercourse. 

BOTHER.    (1)  To  teaze;  to  annoy.    Var.  dial 

(2)  Of  both,  gen.  pi.  See  Ellis's  Met.  Rom. 
iii.  63 ;  Perceval,  31 ;  Leg.  Cath.  p.  52. 

BOTHERING.     A  great  scolding.    "East. 

BOT-HIER.    Boat  hire. 

BO-THRUSH.   The  squalling  thrush.  /.  Wight. 

BOTH-TWO.    Both.    Juntos. 

BOTHUL.  A  cowslip?  Pr.  Parv.  Perhaps 
the  marigold.  See  Arch.  xxx.  404. 

BOTHUM.  (1)  Bottom.  See  Ordinances  and 
Regulations,  p.  433.  Mr.  Hartshorne  gives 
totham  as  the  Salopian  word,  and  Kennett, 
MS.  Lansd.  1033,  as  a  technical  word  con- 
nected with  iron  ore.  Botme,  Prompt.  Parv. 
p.  45. 

(2)  A  bad.    (A.-N.) 


BOTON.    A  button. 
BOTOR.    A  bustard. 

Ther  was  venisoun  of  hert  and 

Swannes,  pecokes,  and  botors. 

Arthour  and  Merlin,  p.  116. 

BOTRACES.  Venomous  frogs.  See  a  list  of 
obsolete  words  prefixed  to  Batman  uppon 
Bartholome,  1582. 

BOTRASEN.  To  make  buttresses  to  a  build- 
ing.- (A.-N.) 

BOTRE.    A  buttery. 

Then  ussher  gose  to  tho  botrc. 

Bake  of  Curtasye,  p  20. 

BOTS.  A  kind  of  worms  troublesome  to  horses. 

See  Dodsley,  ix.  214;  Men  Miracles,  1656, 

p.  34  ;  Tusser,  p.  62. 
BOTTE.     (1)  A  boat. 

(2)  Bit.    North. 

He  toke  the  stuarde  by  the  throte, 

And  asonder  he  it  botte.    Syr  Tt&amowe,  554. 

(3)  A  bat  ;  a  club. 

He  bare  a  botte  to  geve  a  strokk 
All  the  body  of  an  oke. 

2IS.  Cantab.  Ff.  li.  38,  f.  112. 
He  toke  hys  bott  and  forthe  goyth, 
Swythe  sory  and  fulle  wrothe.       .Ibid.  f.  97. 

BOTTLE.  (1)  A  small  portable  cask,  used  for 
carrying  liquor  to  the  fields.  West.  "  Bag 
and  bottle,"  Robin  Hood,  ii.  54. 

(2)  A  bubble.     Somerset. 

(3)  A  seat,  or  chief  mansion  house.     (A.-S.) 
Kennett,  -MS.  Lansd.  1033,  is  our  authority 
for  the  provincial  use  of  the  word.     It  is  re- 
tained in  the  names  of  places,  as  Newbottle, 
co.  Northampton. 

(4)  A  bundle  of  hay  or  straw.    Cotgrave  has, 
"  Bottler,  to  botle  or  bundle  up,  to  make  into 
botles  or  bundles."     A  lotell-horse,  Ordi- 
nances and  Regulations,  p.  97,  a  horse  for 
carrying  bundles  ?   Bottleman,  an  ostler.    To 
look  for  a  needle  in  a  bottle  of  hay,  a  common 
proverb,  which  occurs  in  Clarke's  Phraseo- 
logia  Puerilis,  1655.     Cf.  Topsell's  Beasts, 
p.  303;   Anecdotes   and  Traditions,  p.  58; 
Howell,  sect.  40  ;  Florio  in  v.  Grtgne. 

A  thousand  pounds,  and  a  bottle  of  hay, 
Is  all  one  thmg  at  Dooms-day. 

Howelfs  English  Proverbs,  p.  1. 

(5)  The  dug  of  a  cow.    East. 

(6)  A  round  moulding. 


(7)  A  pumpion.     Devon. 

BOTTLE-BIRD.  An  apple  rolled  up  and  baked 

in  a  crust.    East, 

BOTTLE  -BUMP.    The  bittern.    East. 
BOTTLE-HEAD.    A  fool. 
BOTTLE-NOSE.    A  porpoise.   East.    A  person 

with  a  large  nose  is  said  to  be  bottle-nosed. 
BOTTLE  -UP.    To  treasure  in  one's  memory. 

Var.  dial* 
BOTTOM.  (1)  A  ball  of  thread.    See  Elyot,  in 

v.  Anguinwn  /  Sir  Thomas  More,  p.  4  1  ;  Flo- 

rio, in  v.  Corlo. 
(2)  A  vessel  of  burden.    See  Kennett's  Glossary. 

p.  24  ;  Cotgrave,  in  v.  Droict;  Harrison's  De- 

scription of  England,  p,  163. 
BOTTOMEK.    One  who  drags  or  assists  in  con* 


BOU 


200 


BOU 


veying  tlie  coal  or  other  produce  of  a  mine 
from  the  first  deposit  to  the  shaft  or  pit. 

BOTTOMING-TOOL.  A  narrow,  concave  shovel 
used  by  drainers.  Salop. 

BOTTOM-WIND.  A  phenomenon  that  occurs 
in  Derwent  -water.  The  waters  of  this  lake 
are  sometimes  agitated  in  an  extraordinary 
manner,  though  "without  any  apparent  cause, 
and  in  a  perfectly  calm  day,  are  seen  to  swell 
in  high  waves,  which  have  a  progressive  mo- 
tion from  West  to  East. 

BOTTRY-TREE.    An  elder  tree.    North. 

BOTTY.    Proud.    Suffolk. 

BOTTYS.    Butts ;  marks  for  shooters. 

BOTUNE.    Bottom.    Prompt.  Parv. 

BOTY.    A  butty ;  a  partner.    Palsgrave. 

BOTYD.    Saved.    (A.-S.) 

Grete  othys  to  me  he  sware 
That  he  was  botyd  of  mekylle  care. 

MS.  Cantab.  Ff.  ii.  38,  f.  64, 

BOTYNG.    Assistance.     (A.-S.} 

BOTYNGE.  "  Encrese  yn  byynge,"  Prompt. 
Parv.  p.  45.  We  still  have  the  phrase  to 
loot. 

BOUCE-JANE.  An  ancient  dish  in  cookery,  a 
receipt  for  which  is  given  in  the  Ordinances 
and  Regulations,  p.  431. 

BOUCHART.    See  JBabbart. 

BOUDE.    To  pout.   (Fr.) 

BOUDGE.  To  budge;  to  move.  See  Nares, 
and  Beaumont  and  Fletcher,  vi.  455. 

BOTJDS.  Weevils.  East.  Tusser,  p.  40,  speaks 
of  "  bowd-eaten  malt." 

BOUERIE.  Baudrie?  See  Harrison's  Descrip- 
tion of  England,  p.  178. 

BOUFFE.    Belching.    Skinner. 

BOUGE.  (1)  A  cask.    South. 

By  draught  of  horse  fro  ryvers  and  welles, 
JBoieges  be  brought  to  brewers  for  good  ale. 

Si-it.  SibLii.  151. 

(2)  An  allowance  of  meat  or  drink  to  an  attend- 
ant in  the  court.    Spelt  douche  and  boudge. 
See  Ben  Jonson,  vii.  217;  Thornton  Rom. 
p.  218 ;  Ordinances  and  Regulations,  p.  79. 

(3)  A  purse.    H&rman. 

(4)  "  To  make  a  bouge,"  to  commit  a  gross 
blunder,  to  get  a  heavy  fall,    Also,  to  bulge, 
to  swell  out.    East. 

(5)  To  prepare  a  ship  for  the  purpose  of  sinking 
it.    See  Hall,  Hen.  V.  f.  23 ;  Harrison's  De- 
scription of  England,  p.  200. 

BOUGERON.    An  unnatural  person.    (A.-N.) 

BOUGE T.  A  budget ;  a  portmanteau.  Elyot 
has, ."  hippoyera,  a  male  or  louget"  See  also 
King  Cambises,  p.  262;  Brit.  Bibl.  iv.  103j 
Fry's  Bibl.  Mem.  p.  343 ;  Gascoigne's  Delicate 
Diet,  p.  18,  spelt  in  various  ways. 

BOUGH.  Reginald  Scot  gives  lough  as  a  com- 
mon exclamation  of  a  ghost. 

BOUGH-HOUSES.  Private  houses,  allowed  to 
be  open  during  fairs  for  the  sale  of  liquor. 

BOUGHRELL.    A  kind  of  hawk. 

BOUGHT.  (1)  A  bend;  a  joint;  a  curve.  "Bought 
of  a  sling,  f  unties  circulus,"  Junius,  Addend. 
See  Cotgrave,  in  v.  Feru,  Inarcature  du  col; 
Torrent  of  Portugal,  p.  24;  Arch.  xvii.  295; 


Bourne's  Inventions  or  Devises,  1578,  no.  44 ; 

Middleton,  iii.  281. 
(2)  "  Bought  and  sold,"  entirely  overreached, 

utterly  made  away  with.    Shale. 
BOUGHT-BREAD.   Bakers'  bread.    North. 
BOUGILL.    A  bugle-horn. 
BOUGOUR.     Cinaedus,  "  or  one  that  is  past 

shame,"  but  not  necessarily  in  the  bad  sense. 

This  term  occurs  in  Palsgrave's  Acolastus, 

1540. 
BOUGY.    A  small  round  candle.  (Fr.)  See  the 

Rutland  Papers,  p.  27. 
BOUKE.  (1)  The  body.   (A.-S.)  Also  the  bulk, 

the  interior  of  a  building.     See  Towneley 

Myst.  p.  313  ;  Chron.  Vilodun.  p.  38  ;  Chaucer, 

Cant.  T.  2748 ;  Kyng  Alisaunder,  3254,  3946 ; 

Langtoft,  p.  174. 

He  thought  might  y  mete  that  douke, 
His  heved  y  schuld  smite  fro  the  bouKe. 

Gy  of  War  iv  ike,  p.  345. 

(2)  To  wash  clothes,   (4-S.)   See  Piers  Plough- 
man, pp.  274,  306 ;  Reliq.  Antiq_.  i.  108. 

(3)  A  pail.    North. 

(4)  The  box  of  a  wheel.    Salop. 

(5)  A  bolt.    North. 
BOUKED.    Crooked. 

BOUL.  An  iron  hoop.  Line.  "  Throwing  of 
the  dart  and  &owle"is  mentioned  among  youth- 
ful athletic  exercises  in  Holinshed,  Hist.  Scot, 
p.  137. 

BOULDER-HEAD.  A  work  against  the  sea, 
made  of  small  wooden  stakes.  Sussex. 

BOULTE.  To  sift.  (A.-S.)  Boulter,  a  person 
who  sifts,  Howard  Household  Books,  p.  27-, 
Florio,  ed.  1611,  p.  71.  Boulted-breadt  bread 
made  of  wheat  and  rye. 

BOUMET.    Embalmed. 

BOUN.  Ready.  (A.-S.)  See  Chester  Plays,  i. 
37;  Chaucer,  Cant.  T.  11807;  Pilkington, 
p.  353.  In  the  North  country  dialect  it  is  in* 
terpreted  going  /  also,  to  dress,  to  make  ready, 
to  prepare.  "  Bonn  is  a  woman's  garment ; 
boun,  prepared,  ready ;  town,  going  or  ready 
to  goe ;  he's  town  with  it,  i.  e.  he  has  done 
with  it."  Kennett,  MS.  Lausd.  1033. 

BOUNCE.    The  larger  dogfish. 

BOUNCHING.  Bending  or  swelling.  See  a 
list  of  obsolete  "Words  prefixed  to  Batman 
uppon  Bartholora-3,  1582. 

BOUND.  (1)  Sure ;  confident.     Var.dial 
Yet  will  tutlers  in  toune  talk  bound, 
That  we  wer  the  taen  that  Roulond  wold  quell. 

Roland,  MS.  Lansd.  388,  f .  387. 

(2)  A  mark. 

BOUNDE.    A  husband.    (A.-S.) 

Tho  that  the  bcunde  y-seighe  this, 
Anon  he  stai*  for  diol  y-wis. 

Arthour  and  Merlin,  p.  27* 
BOUNDER.    A  boundary.    North. 

It  hath  beene  at  times  also  a  marke  and  bounder 
betweene  some  kings  for  the  limits  of  their  jurisdic- 
tions and  authentic.  Lambardtt's  Perambulation, 
1596,  p.  270. 

BOUND-ROOD.  The  name  of  an  altar  in 
Durham  Cathedral,  mentioned  in  Davies' 
Ancient  Rites,  1672,  p.  70. 


BOU 


201 


BOW 


BOUNG.    A  purse, 

Be  lusty,  my  lass,  come  for  Lancashire, 
We  must  nip  the  boung  for  thej,e  crowns. 

Sir  John  Oldc-astle,  p.  59. 

BOUNTEE.     Goodness.   (A.-N.) 
BOUNTEVOUS.  Bountiful.  See  Malory's  Morte 

d' Arthur,  ii.  325. 
BOUNTRACE.    A  buttress.    (Fr.) 

Ye  remembre  youre  wittes,  and  take  hede 
To  kepe  Irland,  that  hit  be  not  lost, 
For  hit  is  a  bountrace  and  a  post. 

MS.  Soc.  Antiq.  101,  f.  60. 

BOUNTY-DAYS.     Holidays,  on  which  provi- 
sion was  furnished  for  the  poor.    North. 
BOUR.    A  bower ;  a  chamber. 
BOURAM.     A  sink.     Yorfah.     This  word  is 

given  by  Kennett,  MS.  Lansd.  1033. 
BOURDAYNE.     A  burden.     Palsgrave. 
BOURDE.    A  game ;  a  joke.    Also  a  verb,  to 
jest.     (A.-S.)      See   Cokwoldis  Daunce,  4; 
Chaucer,  Cant.  T.  12712,  17030;  Notes  to 
Chaucer,  p.  213.  "  Soth  bourde  is  no  bourde," 
an  old  proverb  mentioned  by  Harrington. 
Boyes  in  the  subarbis  bourdene  flfulle  heghe. 

Morte  Arthurs,  MS.  Lincoln,  f.  86. 
Wele  tow-dee,  quod  the  doke,  by  myne  hat, 
That  men  shulden  alway  love  causelesse, 

Chaucer,  MS.  Cantab.  Ff.  i.  6,  f.  33. 

BOURDON.  A  staff.  (^.-AT.)  See  Rom.  of 
the  Rose,  3401,  4092 ;  Wright's  Pol.  Songs, 
p.  150  ;  Beves  of  Hamtoun,  p.  81.  One  kind 
of  staff,  much  ornamented,  was  called  a 
bourdonasse, 

I  may  the  bittrdone  heght  esperaunce,  which  is 
goode  in  every  faysoun,  for  he  that  leenethe  him 
thcrto  sekurlych,  he  may  not  falle :  the  woode  of 
Sechim  of  which  it  is  made  shewethe  ful  weel  whiche 
it  is.  Romance  of  the  Monk,  Sion  Coll.  MS. 

The  joynours  of  bourdons,  of  speres  long  and  rounde : 
In  feyre  kny  ves  gladethe  the  cuttiller. 

MS.  Ashmole  59,  f.  20. 
Harlotes  walkeris  thorow  many  townes 
With  spekketh  mantehs  and  bordounes. 

MS,  Bodl.  48,  f.  174. 
Now  shal  I  tellyn  the  facoun 
And  the  maner  of  the  bordoun. 

MS,  Cott.  Vitell.  C.  xiii.  f.  99. 
BOURDOUR.  (1)  A  pensioner.    So  explained 

by  Hearne,  Langtoft,  p.  204. 
(2)  A  circlet  round  a  helmet.     Gaw. 
BOURGEON.     To  bud;  to  sprout.   (Fr.) 
BOURGH.    A  borough. 
BOURHOLM.     The  burdock.     See  an  early 

list  of  plants  in  MS.  Sloane  5,  f.  3. 
BOURMAIDNE.    A  chambermaid. 
.  Hail  be  je,  nonnes  of  seiut  Mari  house, 
Goddes  bourmaidnes  and  his  owen  spouse. 

Reliq.Antiq.  ii,  175. 

BOURN.  (1)  A  limit,  or  boundary. 

(2)  A  brook;  a  rivulet.   (A.-S.}    Hence,  water, 
as  explained  by  Kennett,  MS.  Lansd.  1033 ; 
and  also,  to  wash  or  rinse.    According  to 
Aubrey,  Royal  Soc.  MS.  p.  61,  "in  South 
Wilts  they  say  such  or  such  a  tourn,  meaning 
a  valley  by  such  a  river/' 

(3)  Yeast.    Exmoor. 
BOUKNEDE.    Burnished. 


Upon  the  toppe  an  ern  ther  stod, 
Of  bournede  gold  ryche  and  good.      Launfal,  m 
BOURT.   To  offer;  to  pretend.   North. 
BOU  S.     A  box ;  a  chest.    Yortoh. 
BOUSE.  (1)  Ore  as  it  is  drawn  from  the  mines. 
Yorksh,    Small  ore  as  it  is  washed  by  the 
sieve,  is  called  bouse-smithen. 

(2)  Perhaps,  a  boss,  or  round  plate  of  metal  used 
to  adorn  a  horse.   See  Arch.  xvii.  293. 

(3)  To  drink.  An  old  cant  term,  and  still  in  use. 
Bousing-can,  a  drinking  can.     There  was 
formerly  a  kind  of  drink  so  called,  as  appears 
from  Ritson's  Ancient  Songs,  i.  70. 

BOUSTOUS.    Impetuous.  Palsgrave. 
BOUT.  (1)  A  batch.    Var.  dial 

(2)  In  ploughing,  'the  distance  from  one  side  of 
a  field  to  the  other,  and  back- again. 

(3)  A  contest ;  a  struggle.    North. 

(4)  But. 

(5)  Without;    except.    North.     See  Chester 
Plays,  i.  47,  ii.  55,  123  ;  Reliq.  Antiq.  iL227. 

BOUTE-FEU.  An  incendiary.  Also  spelt  ooute- 
fell.  See  Florio,  ed.  1611,  pp.  72,  244.  The 
term  is  given  by  Skinner,  and  also  occurs  in 
Hudibras. 

BOUT-HAMMER.  The  heavy  two-handed  ham- 
mer  used  by  blacksmiths.  East.  See  About- 
sledge,  and  Beaumont  and  Fletcher,  iv.  289. 

BOUT-HOUSE.  On  the  ground;  anywhere. 
7.  Wight. 

BOVE.  Above.  See  Forme  of  Cury,  p.  75 ; 
"Wright's  Anecd.  Lit.  p.  5.  In  later  writers  it 
is  merely  an  elliptical  form,  as  in  the  Trou- 
bles  of  Queene  Elizabeth,  1639,  sig.  F.  i. 

BOYERT.   A  young  ox.  (A.-N.} 

BOVOLI.  A  kind  of  snails  or  periwinkles,  men- 
tioned as  delicacies  by  Ben  Jonson.  (ItaL) 

BOW.  (1)  A  yoke  for  oxen. 

(2)  A  bow's  length.  SAaJk. 

(3)  A  boy. 

(4)  To  bend.    Var.  dial 

(5)  A  small  arched  bridge.   Somerset*   An  arch 
or  gateway  was  formerly  called  a  low. 

BOW-BELL.    A  cockney,  one  born  within  the 

sound  of  Bow  bells.    The  term  occurs  in  the 

London    Prodigal,    p.   15;   Beaumont  and 

Fletcher,  iv.  186. 

BOW-BOY.    A  scarecrow.    Kent.   Du  Bartas, 

p.  9,  "  a  blinde  bow-boy,"  a  blind  archer. 
BOWCER.   The  bursar. 
BOWCHYER.    A  butcher. 
BOWDIKITE.     A  contemptuous  name  for  a 
mischievous  child ;  an  insignificant  or  corpu- 
lent person.  North. 

BOWDLED.    Swelled  out,  particularly  applied 
to  a  hen  when  ruffled  with  rage,  as  in  Harrison'* 
Description  of  England,  p.  172. 
BOWE.  (1)  A  bough ;  a  branch.   (A.-S.} 
(2)  To  bend ;  to  curve ;  to  bow. 

Wulde  they  bydde  hym  sytte  or  stande, 
Ever  he  vulde  be  botuande. 

MS.  Htu-t.  1701,  f.  3& 
Yf  ther  be  dewke  or  erle  in  Jande, 
But  they  be  to  hym  b&tveande, 


BOW 


202 


BOX 


The  steward  wyll  anone  ryse, 
And  dystroye  hym  on  all  wyse. 

MS.  Cantab.  Ff.  ii.  38,  f.  304. 
And  togedur  they  wente, 
That  hy  t  bowed  and  bente.  MS.  Ibid.  f.  76. 

BOWE-DYE.     A  kind  of  dye.    In  MS.  Sloane 
1698,  f.  163,  is  a  notice  how  "  to  dye  scarlett 
after  the  manner  of  the  lowe-dye" 
BOWELL-HOLE.  A  small  aperture  in  the  wall 

of  a  barn  for  giving  light  and  air.    North. 
B0WEN.    A  relation,  or  narrative.    Qu.  A.-S. 

bocung. 

BOWER.    A  chamber.     (A.-S.) 
BOWERINGE.    The  part  of  a  tree  consisting 

of  the  boughs. 

BOWEKLY.    Tall ;  handsome.     West. 
BOWERS.     Young    hawks,    before   they  are 
branchers.     See  Keliq.  Antiq.  i.  293.    Also 
called  lowets  and  lowesses.     The  term  seems 
to  be  applied  to  hawks  at  the  period  when 
they  are  in  the  transition  between  the  nest 
and  trees,  too  old  for  the  former,  and  yet  not 
strong  enough  to  attach  themselves  exclusively 
to  the  freedom  of  the  latter. 
BOWERY.     See  Boodies. 
BO  WET  Y.    Linsey-wolsey.    North. 
BOWGHSOMME.    Buxom ;  obedient.    (A.-S.) 
Wake  aye,  als  thow  had  no  knawyng 
Of  the  tyme  of  the  dedes  commyng, 
That  the  dede  may  fynd  the  when  it  sails  comme, 
Ay  redy  to  Godd  aud  bowghsomme. 

Hampole,  MS.  Bowes,  p.  65. 

BOW-HAND.  The  left  hand.  To  be  too  much 
of  the  bow-hand,  to  fail  in  any  design.  See 
Nares,  in  Y. 

BOWHAWLER.  A  man  acting  in  the  place  of 
a  horse,  to  draw  barges  or  small  vessels  along 
the  Severn. 

BOWIE-FRAME.    A  phrase  applied  to  toads 
when  together,  in  Fairfax's  Bulk  and  Selvedge 
of  the  World,  1674,  p.  130. 
BOWIS.    Boughs.     Cf.  Urry,  p.  415. 
Makynge  the  bowis  as  lusty  to  the  syjte, 
As  fresche  and  as  fay  re  of  coloure  and  of  hewe. 

Lydgate,  MS.  Soc.  Antiq.  134,  f.  16. 

BOWIT.    A  lanthorn.  North.    See  Croft's  Ex- 

cerpta  Antiqua,  p.  14. 
BOWK.    Bent;  crooked.  North. 
BOWK-IRON.    A  circular  piece  of  iron  which 

lines  the  ulterior  of  a  cart  or  waggon  wheel. 

West. 
BOW-KITT.  A  kind  of  great  can  with  a  cover. 

Yorfah. 

BOW-KNOT.    A  large,  loose,  and  wide  knot. 
Gave  me  my  name,  which  yet  perchaunce  you  know  not, 
Yet  'tis  no  riddle  bound  up  in  a  bow-knott. 

The  Christmas  Prince,  p.  41. 

BOWL-ALLEY.  A  covered  space  for  the  game 
of  bowls,  instead  of  a  bowling  green.  See 
Earle's  Microcosmography,  p.  86,  A  street  in 
Westminster  is  still  called  the  Bowling-Alley . 
Bowls  were  prohibited  during  the  church 
service  in  1571.  See  GrmdaTs  Remains, 
p.  138.  According  to  the  Grammont  Me- 
moirs, ed.  1811,  ii.  269,  the  game  was  fa 
shionable  in  England  in  the  reign  of  Charles  II. 


It  was  played  by  both  sexes.    Anecdotes  and 

Traditions,  p.  20. 
BOWL-DISH.     See  Boldyche. 
BOWLEYNE.     A  bow-line. 
BOWLING. MATCH.  A  game  with  stone  bowls, 

played  on  the  highways  from  village  to  vil- 
lage.    North. 

BOWLTELL.    A  kind  of  cloth. 
BOWN.     Swelled.     Norf. 
BOWNCHE.    A  bunch ;  a  swelling.    Huloet. 
BOWNDYN.     Ready ;  prepared. 
BOW-NET.    A   kind   of   net,    mentioned   in 

TopselTs  Foure-footed  Beasts,  p.  47. 
BOW-POT.  A  flower-vase.  West.  "  Bough  pots, 

or  flower  pots  set  in  the  windowes  of  private 

houses,"  Nomenclator,  p.  388. 
BOWRES.  A  dish  in  ancient  cookery,  a  receipt 

for  which  is  given  in  MS.  Sloane  1201,  f.  24. 
BOWSING.    A  term  in  hawking,  when  the 

hawk  "  oft  drinks,  and  yet  desires  more." 

See  Blome's  Gent.  Rec.  ii.  61. 
BOWSOM.    Buxom;   obedient.     (A.-S.)     See 

Ywaine  and  Gawin,  1155. 

And  if  he  be  tylle  God  bowsom, 
Tille  endles  blys  at  the  last  to  com. 

MS.  Harl.  4196,  f,  215. 

BOWSOMNES.  Obedience.  It  is  glossed  in 
the  margin  by  olidiencia. 

Aud  when  this  grownde  es  made,  than  salle  come 
a  dameselle  Bowsomnes  on  the  tone  halfe,  and  dame- 
selle Miserecorde  one  the  tother  halfe.  MS.  Lincoln 
A.i.17,  f.27l. 

BOWSTAVES.  «  Paied  to  maister  Cromewelle 
by  the  kinges  commaundement  for  lowestaves 
for  his  Graces  use,"  Privy  Purse  Expences  of 
Henry  VIII.  p.  267.  See  also  Brit.  Bibl. 
ii.  398. 

BOWSY.    Bloated  by  drinking. 

BOWT.  The  tip  of  the  nose.  See  the  Nomen- 
.  clator,  p.  28.  Also  part  of  an  angler's  appa- 
ratus, Brit.  Bibl.  ii.  472. 

BOWTELL.    A  convex  moulding. 

BOWTH.    Bought. 

BOW-WEED.     Knapweed. 

BOW-YANKEES.     See  Yankees. 

BOWYER.  (1)  A  maker  of  bows.  See  Chester 
Plays,  i.  6  ;  Skelton,  i.  151 ;  Rob.  Glou.  p.  541. 

(2)  A  small  ship.     Skinner. 
BOWYN.    Went. 

BOX.  (1)  A  blow.  Also  a  verb,  to  strike.  Var. 
dial. 

Ac  natheles,  God  it  wot, 

Vif  ich  alle  nedes  mot, 

Yit  ich  wile  asaie 

A  lite  box  the  to  paie.  Bems  of  Hamtoun,  p.  68. 
(2}  A  chest.  O.von. 

(3)  A  club  or  society  instituted  for  benevolent 
purposes.    North.    Their  anniversary  dinner 
is  called  a  box-dinner. 

(4)  To  "  box  the  fox,"  to  rob  an  orchard.  Went. 
BOX-AND-DICE.    A  game  of  hazard. 
BOX-BABROW.    A  hand-barrow.     Salop. 
BOX-HARRY.  To  dine  withDuke  Humphrey;  to 

take  care  after  having  been  extravagant.  Lino. 
BOXING.    Buxom.    Line. 
BOXING-DAY.    The  day  after  Christmas,  when 


BRA 


203 


BRA 


tradespeople  are  visited  by  persons  in  tne  em- 
ployment of  their  customers  for  Christmas 
boxes,  or  small  presents  of  money. 

BOX-IRON.     A  flat-iron.     East. 

BOY-BISHOP.     See  Nicholas. 

BOTDEKIN.  A  dagger.  Chaucer.  See  Wright's 
Anec.  Lit.  p.  25.  It  occurs  in  Prompt.  Parv. 
p.  42,  translated  "bysnbucula^perforatorium. 

BOYE.   A  lad  servant.    (A.-S.) 

BOYKIN.  A  term  of  endearment,  found  in  Sir 
John  Oldcastle,  p.  38,  and  Palsgrave's  Aco- 
lastus,  1540. 

BOYLES.    Lice.    Line. 

BOYLTJM.  A  kind  of  iron  ore.  Kennett,  MS. 
Lansd.  1033. 

BOYLY.   Boyish.  Baret. 

BOYS.  (1)  Voice.   Maundevik. 

(2)  Boethius.-  Lydgate,  p.  122. 

(3)  A  wood.   (A.-N.} 

And  bad  them  go  betyme 
To  the  boys  Seynt  Martyne. 

MS.  Qmtab.  Ff,  ii.  38,  f,  128. 

SOTS-BAILIFF.  An  old  custom  formerly  in 
vogue  at  Wenlock,  and  described  in  Salop. 
Antiq.  p.  612. 

BOYSHE.  A  bush.  Malory,  i.  181. 
BOYSID.    Swelled. 

My  thoujte  also  with  alle  vices  boysid, 
My  brest  resceit  and  chef  of  wrecchidiieese. 

Lydgate,  MS.  Soc*  Antiq.  134,  f.  2. 

BOYS'-LOVE.   Southernwood.    West. 

BOYSTONE.    To  cup  a  person.   Pr.Parv. 

BOYSTORS.  Boisterous.   Skelton. 

BOYT.  Both. 

BOZZUM.   The  yellow  ox-eye.    Vect. 

BOZZUM-CHUCKED.    Having  a  deep  dark 

redness  in  the  cheeks.   West. 
B03E.  To  move,  rise,  go.    Gaw. 
B03EZ.   Boughs.    Gaw, 
BRAA.    An  acclivity.   North. 
BRAB.    A  spike-naU.     Yorksh. 
BRABAND.      Cloth    of    Brabant.     See  the 

Bates  of  the  Custome  House,  1545,  Brit.  Bibl. 

ii.397. 
BRABBLE.    To  quarrel.    Also  a  substantive. 

Brabbling,  squabbling,  quarrelling,  Timon,  ed. 

Dyce,  p.  36 ;  Middleton,  iii.  458  ;  Skelton,  ii. 

131.    Brabblement,  a  quarrel.    Brabbler,  a 

wrangler,  a  quarrelsome  person. 
BRAC.    Broke. 

BRACCO.     Diligent ;  laborious.     Chesh. 
BRACE.  (1)  To  embrace. 

A  grysely  geste  than  bese  thou  preste, 

In  armes  for  to  brace.    MS.  Lincoln  A.  i.  17,  f.  213. 

(2)  Armour  for  the  arms.    Hence  an  arm  of  the 
sea,  Maundevile's  Travels,  p.  15. 

(3)  To  brave  a  person ;  to  swagger.    Palsgrave 
has,  "  I  brace  or  face,  je  braggue  ;  he  braced 
and  made  a  bracying  here  afore  the  dore  as 
thoughe  he  wolde  have  kylled,  God  have  mercy 
on  his  soule."    It  occurs  as  a  substantive  in  a 
similar  sense  in  Othello,  i.  3.    "  Facing  and 
bracing"  Holinsaed,  Chron.  Ireland,  p,  63. 

f?4)  The  clasp  of  a  buckle. 
75)  A  piece  of  timber  framed  with,  a  bevil  joint, 
so  disposed  as  to  keep  the  paxts  of  a  building 


together.  Palsgrave  has,  "  brace  of  an  house 
brace" 

BRACER.  Armour  for  the  arms.  (A.-N.)  See 
Chaucer,  Cant.  T.  1  1  1  ;  Florio,  in  v.  Brdeeiale  ; 
Cotgrave,  in  v.  Brasselet;  Beaumont  and  Flet- 
cher,  ii.  426  ;  Privy  Purse  Expences  of  Hen 
VIII.  p.  47. 

Erasers  burnyste  bristez  in  sondyre. 

Morte  Arthurs,  MS.  Lincoln,  f.  73. 

BRACK.  A  kind  of  scenting  hound,  generally 
of  a  small  kind,  Elyot  has,  "  catettus,  a  very 
littell  hounde  or  bracfa,  a  whelpe  ;"  and  the 
terms  brack  aud  ratch  were  always  applied  to 
the  hounds  which  formed  the  pack,  which  of 
course  differed  in  breed  according  to  time  and 
place.  In  Reliq.  Antiq,  i.  151,  it  seems  to  be 
synonymous  with  acguill,  q.  v.  See  Twici, 
p.  28  ;  Florio,  in  v.  Br&ccdre  /  Beaumont  and 
Fletcher,  iii.  9  ;  Ford,  i.  22,  58  ;  Webster,  i. 
156;  Dodsley,  vi.  319;  Ben  Jonson,  iv.  19; 
Topsell's  Foure-footed  Beasts,  p.  137.  The 
author  of  the  romance  of  Perceval,  using  the 
term  bracket,  explains  it,  bracket  cest  a  dire 
ung  petit  Prague  ou  chien.  Tins  form  of  the 
word  occurs  in  Morte  d'  Arthur,  i.  75,  80; 
Brit.  Bibl.  i.  478. 

BRACHICOURT.  A  horse  whose  fore-legs  are 
bent  naturally. 

BRACING.  Fresh,  cool,  applied  to  the  atmo- 
sphere. Var,  dial 

BRACING-GIRDLE.  A  kind  of  belt.  «  Bra- 
cyuge  gyrdle,  subcingulum"  Huloet. 

BRACK.  (1)  A  crack  or  break;  a  flaw.  Cf. 
Beaumont  and  Fletcher,  v.  316  ;  Middleton, 
iv.  6  ;  Brit.  Bibl.  i.  355.  Also  a  verb,  to  break, 
Diversions  of  Parley,  p.  489  ;  broke,  in  the 
Northern  dialects.  Lilly,  in  his  Euphues,  says 
the  "  finest  yelvet"  has*"  his  bracke,"  flaw  or 
imperfection, 

(2)  A  piece.     Kennett. 

(3)  Salt  water  ;  brine.    In  Draytoa,  as  quoted 
by  Nares,  the  term  strangely  occurs  applied  to 
riyer-water. 

Suffolke  a  sunne  halfe  risen  from  the  brack, 
Norfolke  a  Triton  on  a  dolphins  backe. 

Draytotis  Poemsf  p.  20. 

(4)  A  kind  of  harrow.    North. 

(5)  To  mount  ordnance. 

(6)  Florio  has,  "  bricche,  crags,  cliffs,  or  bracJces 
in  hills."    Mention  is  made  of  "  a  large  aud 
bracky  wood"  in  MS.  Addit.  11812,  f.  81. 

On  Tockes  or  fr-acfcis  for  to  ronne. 


t  n.  d. 

BRACK-BREED.    Tasted.    North. 

BRACKEN.  Fern.  North.  Bracken-clock,  a 
small  brown  beetle  commonly  found  on  fern. 

BRACKLY.    Brittle.    Staff. 

BRACK  WORT.  A  small  portion  of  beer  in  one 
of  its  early  stages,  kept  by  itself  till  it  turns 
yellow,  and  then  added  to  the  rest.  See  the 
curious  early  account  of  the  method  of  brew- 
ing in  Harrison's  Description  of  England, 
p.  169,  and  Bragwort  in  Jamieson. 

BRACONIER.  The  berner,  or  man  that  held 
the  hounds.  See  Berners* 


BRA 


204 


BRA 


BRAD.  (1)  Opened ;  spread ;  extended.     North. 

(2)  Roasted.    (A.-S.} 

(3)  Hot ;  inflamed.     North. 
BRADDER.    Broader.    (4.-S.) 
BRADE.   (1)   To  pretend.  (A.-S.} 

(2)  To  bray ;  to  cry.    R.  de  Brunne. 

(3)  Broad;  large.     Cf.   Sir  Tristrem,  p.  181; 
Ywaine  and  Gawin,  163,  259  ;  Sir  Perceval, 
126,  269,  438,  1653,  1748,  1762;  Minot's 
Poems,  p.  20. 

BRADES.  Necklaces  ;  hanging  ornaments.  See 
the  Test.  Vetust.  p.  435. 

BRADOW.    To  spread;  to  cover.    Chesh. 

"BRADS.   (1)  Money.    Essex. 

(2)  Small  nails.     Var.  dial. 

BRAEL.  The  back  part  of  a  hawk.  See  Reliq. 
Antiq.  i.  296,  301. 

BRAFFAM.    See  Barfliame. 

BRAG,  (1)  Brisk ;  full  of  spirits.  Proud,  inso- 
lent, Skelton,  i.  125.  Bragance,  bragging, 
Towneley  Myst  p.  99.  The  crowing  of  the 
moor-cock  is  called  'bragging. 

(2)  A  ghost  or  goblin.     North. 

(3)  An  old  game  at  cards,  mentioned  in  "  Games 
most  in  Use,"  12mo.  n.  d. 

BRAGGABLE.    Poorly ;  indifferent.    Salop. 

BRAGGADOCIO    A  braggart.    Var.  dial 

BRAGGED.  Pregnant ;  in  foal.  See  Gent.  Rec. 
ii.  88.  [Bagged?} 

BRAGGER.  A  wooden  bracket.  Higins  trans- 
lates mutuli,  "  peeces  of  timber  in  building 
called  Iraggers;  it  is  thought  to  be  all  one 
•mfo.  proceres  ;  in  masons  worke  they  be  called 
corbelles."  See  the  Noruenclator,  p.  210. 
Minsheu,  Span.  Diet.  p.  263,  spells  it  lraggety 
and  the  term  also  occurs  in  Hollyband's  Dic- 
tionarie,  1593. 

BRAGGING-JACK.  A  boaster.  Higins,  p.  532, 
has, "  Thraso,  a  vaine-glorious  fellow,  a  craker, 
a  boaster,  a  bragging  Jac&e." 

BRAGGLED.    Brindled.  Somerset. 

BRAGLY.    Briskly.    Spenser. 

BRAGOT.  A  kind  of  beverage  formerly  esteemed 
in  Wales  and  the  West  of  England.    Accord- 
to  some,  it  was  composed  of  wort,  sugar,  and 
spices;  or  merely  another  name  for  mead. 
See  Ben  Jpnson,vii.  343, 378  ;  Skinner,  pars.  1. 
With  stronga  ale  bruen  in  fattes  and  in  tonnesj 
Pyng,  Drangol],  and  the  braget  fyne. 

MS.  Rawl.  C.  86. 

BRAID.  (1)  To  resemble.  North.  "Ye&raide 
of  the  millers  dogg,  ye  lick  your  mouth  or  the 
poke  be  open,"  Yorkshire  Ale,  1697,  p.  86. 

(2)  A  reproach.    Also  a  verb,  to  upbraid.    See 
Alrayde,  which  is  written  a  brayde  in  the 
True  Tragedie  of  Richard  III.  p.  22,  in  con- 
cordance with  the  original  copy,  so  that  the  a 
in  that  instance  is  probably  an  exclamation. 

(3)  A  start ;  a  sudden  movement ;  a  moment  of 
time.    A  toss  of  the  head  was  called  a  braid, 
Hence  apparently  a  quick  blow,  in  Syr  Degore. 
256 ;  MS.  Cantab.  If.  ii.  38,  f.  245  ;  Brit.  Bibl. 
iv.  90.   See  Tale  of  the  Basyn,  xxi. ;  Wright's 
Seven  Sages,  p.  17,  "  scho  brayd  hit  a-don  at 
on  brayd/'  i.  e.  she  threw  it  down  at  one 
start  or  movement. 


Out  upon  the,  thefe  J  sche  seyde  in  that  bray  fa. 

MS.  Cantab.  Ff.  ii.  38,  f.  71. 

The  woman  being  afraid,  gave  a  braid  with  her 

head  and  ran  her  way,  and  left  her  tooth  behind  her 

,  .  Sw&in's  Jests, 

(4)  Palsgrave,  in  his  table  of  subst.  f.  21,  has 
"  brayde  or  hastynesse  of  mynde,  colle,"  i.  e! 
passion,  anger.      See  Roquefort,  in  v.  Cole  / 
Anc,  Poet.  Tr.  p.  49.    It  seems  to  mean  craft 
deceit,    in  Greene's  Works,    ii.   268;    and 
Shakespeare  has  the  adjective  braid,  generally 
explained  deceitful,  and  Mr.  Dyce  thinks  it 
means  lustful,  Remarks,  p.  73 ;  but  perhaps 
we  may  adopt  the  less  objectionable  explana- 
tion, quick,  hasty.     It  occurs,  however,  in  the 
A.-S.  sense  of  deceit  in  Langtoft,  p.  138.  See 
also  Hearne's  glossary,  p.  536. 

(5)  To  nauseate.  North. 

(6)  To  beat  or  press,  chiefly  applied  to  culinarv 
objects.  East.  ' 

(7)  A  row  of  underwood,  chopped  up  aud  laid 
lengthways.    Oxon. 

)  To  net.    Dorset. 
,)  To  fade  or  lose  colour. 
BRAIDE.  (1)  To  draw,  particularly  applied  to 
drawing  a  sword  out  of  the  scabbard.      See 
Air  aide.      Also,    to  pull,    Octovian,   336; 
Croke's    Psalms,    p.    6 ;     to   strike,    Kyng 
Alisaunder,  5856 ;  Richard  Coer  de  Lion,  411; 
to  spread  out,  to  brandish,  Kyng  Alisaunder, 
7373  ;  to  beat  down,  MS.  Morte  Arthure   f 
94  ;  Rob.  Glouc.  p.  22,  tw^ 
(2)  To  start  quickly  or  suddenly ;  to  leap ;  to 
turn.  "  All  worldly  thing  braidith  upon  tyme," 
i.  e.  turneth  or  changeth  with  time,  Lydgate's 
Minor  Poems,  p.  24. 

Thus  natheles  to  me  sche  seyde, 
What  arte  thou,  sone  ?  and  I  breyde 
Ryjt  as  a  man  doth  oute  of  slepe. 

Cower,  MS.  Soo.  Antiq.  J34,  f  ?Q. 

BRAIDEEY.   Embroidery.  /.  Wight. 

BRAIDS.  (1)  A  wicker  guard  for  protecting 
trees  newly  grafted.  Glouc. 

(2)  Scales.   North. 

BRAIDY.    Foolish.    Yorksh.' 

BRAIL.  According  to  Blome,  Gent.  Rec.  ii.  48, 
"  to  Irayle  the  hawks  wing  is  to  put  a  piece 
of  leather  over  the  pinion  of  one  of  her  wings 
to  keep  it  close."  The  term  occurs  hi  the  old 
play  of  Albumazar.  Brail-feathers  are  the 
long  small  white  feathers  hanging  under  the 
tail. 

BRAIN.  To  beat  out  the  brains.  See  First 
Sketches  of  Henry  VI.  p.  60. 

Dyvers  tymes  like  to  ben  drownedj  brayned,  and 
overronne  with  horses  befor  he  was  four  yers  old. 

MS.  Ashm.  208,  f .  226. 

BRAINISH.   Mad.   Shah. 

BRAIN-LEAF.  Apparently  a  kind  of  herb.  It 
is  mentioned  in  Greene's  Gwydonius,  1593. 

BRAIN-PAN.  The  skull.  See  Skelton,  i.  24  ; 
Nomenclator,  p.  23  ;  Morte  d'Arthur,  i.  256, 
ii.  403.  The  term  is  still  in  use,  according  to 
Forby. 

BRAINSICK.  Wildhrained;  mad;  impetuous, 
See  Skelton,  i.  267 ;  If  you  know  not  niee, 
you  kno\v  Nobody,  1639,  sio.  B.  iii. 


BRA 


205 


BRA 


I  ayme  at  no  such  happinesse.     Alas  ! 
I  am  a  puny  courtier,  a  weake  braine, 
A  braine-sicke  young  man. 

Heywood's  Iron  Aget  sig.  D.i 

BRAIN-STONES.     According  to  Aubrey,  MS. 

Nat.  Hist.  Wilts,  p.  13,  stones  the  size  of  one's 

head,  nearly  round,  found  in  Wiltshire,  and  so 

called  by  the  common  people. 
BRAIN-WOOD.    Quite  mad. 
BRAIRD.    Fresh ;  tender.     North.    Also,  the 

first  blade  of  grass.    A.-S.  brord. 
BRAISSIT.    Inclosed. 
BRAIST.    Burst. 
BRAIT.  A  kind  of  garment.  (A.-S.)  "  Caracatta 

est  vestis  villosa  qucs  Anglice  dicitur  brait  vel 

hakel,"  MS.  Laud.  413.     See  Ducange,  in  v. 

Caracatta. 

BRAK.     Broke.     Minot,  p.  29. 
BRAKE.  (1)  To  beat.    Nortfi. 

(2)  Kennett,  MS.  Lansd.  1033,  defines  brake, 
u  a  small  plat  or  parcel  of  bushes  growing  by 
themselves."      This  seems  to  be  the  right 
meaning  in  Mids.  Night's  Dream,  iii.  1,  al- 
though a  single  bush  is  also  called  a  brake. 
In    Palmer's    Devonshire  Glossary,    p.  32, 
"  spinetum,  dumetum,  a  bottom  overgrown 
with  thick  tangled  brushwood."    A  brake  is 
also  a  little  space  with  rails  on  each  side, 
which  Mr.  Hunter  thinks  is  the  Shakespearian 
term,  an  explanation  rather  at  variance  with 
Quince's  "  hawthorn  brake ;"  and  moreover, 
the  brake  mentioned  by  this   commentator 
from  Barnaby  Googe  would  only  be  found  in 
cultivated    land,    not  in  the  centre  of  the 
11  palace  wood."    When  Puck  says,  "  through 
bog,  through  bush,  through  Irake,  through 
"briar,"  an  expression,  the  latter  part  of  which 
is    repeated  word    for  word  in  Drayton's 
Nymphidia,  we  clearly  see  that  Kennett's  ex- 
planation exactly  suits  the  context.     So  also 
when  Demetrius  says,  ii.  2,  "I'll  nm  from  thee, 
and  hide  me  in  the  brakes"  can  these  be  little 
enclosed  spots  in  the  middle  of  the  wood  in 
which  he  is  followed  by  Helena  ?    There  is  a 
spot  near  Broadway,  co.  Wore.,  filled  with 
hawthorn  bushes  and  short  underwood  still 
called  the  Brakes.      See  also  Florio,  in  v. 
Broncoso,  "  full  of  brakes,  briers  or  bushes." 

(3)  Fern.     North.     Called   also  braken.      The 
term  occurs  in  Cov.  Myst.  p.  22 ;  Prompt.  Parv. 
p.  47  ;  Elyot,  in  v.  Fills: . 

(4)  An  enclosure  for  cattle. 

(5)  An  old  instrument  of  torture,  described  in 
Malone's  Shakespeare,  ix.  44.    In  the  State 
Papers,  i.  602,  is  the  mention  of  one  in  the 
Tower  in  1539.     Hence  the  word  is  used  for 
torture  in  general,  as  in  the  Table  Book, 
p.  101. 

(6)  A  snaffle  for  horses.    Also,  a  strong  wooden 
frame  in  "which  the  feet  of  young  and  vicious 
horses    are  frequently  confined  by  farriers, 
preparatory  to  their  being  shod.    See  Ben 
Jonson,  iii.  463 ;  TopselTs  Beasts,  p.  302. 

(7)  Elyot  has,  "  balista,  a  crosbowe  or  a  braked 
A  similar  entry  occurs  in  Huloet's  Abce- 
darium,  1552. 


(8)  A  large  barrow.   North. 

(9)  An  instrument  for  dressing  hemp  or  flax. 
See  Holly  band,  in  v.  Brosse.     This  is  perhaps 
the  meaning  of  the  word  in  Thynne's  Debate, 
p.  50. 

(10)  A  harrow.    North.     It   is  translated  by 
rastellum  in  a  MS.  quoted  in  Prompt.  Parv. 
p.  47. 

(11)  A  baker's  kneading-trough. 

(12)  The  handle  of  a  ship's  pump. 

(13)  A  cart  or  carriage  used  for  breaking  in 
horses.     It  has  generally  no  body  to  it.    The 
term  is  still  in  use. 

(14)  A  flaw  or  break.    See  Brack.    This  is 
clearly  the  meaning  in  Webster's  Works,  iv. 
141,   "the   slighter  brakes  of  our  reformed 
Muse,"  not/erra,  as  stated  by  the  editors,  nor 
do  I  see  the  application  of  that  meaning  in  the 
passage  referred  to. 

(15)  To  vomit.    Pr.  Parv. 

(16)  A  mortar.    North. 
BRAKE-BUSH.    A  small  plot  of  fern.     See 

Prompt.  Parv.  p.  47 ;  Nutbrowne  Maid,  xv, 
BRAKEN.    Broke. 
BRAKES.     Fern.     Var.  dial 
BRAKET.     See  Bragot. 
BRALE&.    A  bundle  of  straw.    Dorset. 
BRAMAGE.  A  kind  of  cloth,  mentioned  in  the 

inventory  of  Archbishop  Parker's  goods,  Arch. 

xxx.  1 3.   Carpets  were  sometimes  made  of  this 

material. 

BRAMBLE-BERRIES.    Blackberries.    North. 
BRAME.    Yexation.     Spenser. 
BRAMISH.     To  flourish,  or  assume  affected 

airs ;  to  boast.    East. 
BRAMLINE.    A  chaffinch. 
BRAN.     (1)  A  brand,  or  log  of  wood.     West. 

(2)  To  burn.    North. 

(3)  Quite.     Devon. 

(4)  Thin  bark ;  skin. 

BRANCH.  (1)  To  make  a  hawk  leap  from  tree 
to  tree.  Mome. 

(2)  To  embroider,  figure,  sprig.    Branched  vel- 
vet, Ford,  ii.  510,  and  Wardrobe  Accounts  of 
Edw.  IV.,  wrongly  explained  by  Gifford.     Cf. 
Middleton,  v.  103 ;  Beaumont  and  Fletcher, 
i.  292. 

(3)  A  small  vein  of  ore. 

BRANCH-COAL.     Kennel  coal.    North. 

BRANCHER.  (1)  A  young  hawk,  just  begin- 
ning to  fly;  or  a  short  winged  hawk.  See 
Blome's  Gent.  Rec.  ii.  28,  62,  164;  Reliq. 
Antiq.  i.  293. 

Thartby  braunchers  in  brede  bettyr  was  never. 

Morte  Arthurs,  MS.  Lincoln,  f.  55. 

(2)  One  of  the  officers  belonging  to  the  Mint. 

See  Ord.  and  Reg.  p.  255. 
BRANCHES.    Ribs  of  groined  roofs. 
BRANCHILET.    A  little  branch  or  twig. 
BRANCORN.    Blight.  Cotgrave,  in  v.  Brufore. 

"  Brand,  the  smut  in  wheat,"  Forby,  i.  38. 
BRAND.    A  sword. 
BRANDED.     A  mixture  of  red  and  black. 

North.    Topsell  uses  the  term,  Foure-footed 

Beasts,  p.  114. 


BRA 


206 


BRA 


BRANDELLET.  Some  part  of  the  armour, 
mentioned  in  Richard  Goer  de  Lion,  322. 

BRANDEOT.    Roasted. 

BRANDERS.  The  supporters  of  a  corn  stack. 
Var.  dial. 

BRANDES.     Sparks. 

BRAND-FIRE-NEW.  Quite  new.  East.  Also 
bran-new,  bran-span-new,  and  brand-span  der- 
new,  in  the  same  sense. 

BRAND-IRONS.  See  Andirons;  Huloet,  1552; 
Florio,  in  v.  Capifuochi. 

BRANDISHING.  A  crest,  battlement,  or  other 
parapet.  See  Davies'  Ancient  Rites  and  Mo- 
numents, ed.  1672,  pp.  8,  69. 

BRANDLE.  To  totter;  to  give  way.  See  Cot- 
grave,  in  v.  Bransler;  Howell,  sect.  5. 

BRANDLET.     See  Brandreth. 

BRANDLING.    The  angler's  dew-worm. 

BRANDLY.  Sharply;  fiercely.  North.  See 
Tullie's  Siege  of  Carlisle,  p.  38. 

BRANDON.  (1)  They  burnt,  pi.  Tundale, 
p.  19. 

(2)  A  fire-brand.   See  Palmendos,  158 9,  quoted 
in  Brit,  Bibl.  i.  233. 

(3)  A  wisp  of  straw  or  stubble.    East. 
BRAND RETH.     An  iron  tripod  fixed  over  the 

fire,  on  which  a  pot  or  kettle  is  placed. 
North.  The  forms  brandelede,  branlet,  and 
tiranlede,  occur  in  Prompt.  Parv.  p.  47. 

Tak  grene  jerilis  of  esche,  and  lay  thame  over  a 
brandethe,  and  make  a  fire  under  thame,  and  kepe 
the  woyse  that  comes  owt  at  the  endis  in  egges- 
schelles.  MS,  Lincoln.  Med.  f.  283. 

BRANDRITH.  A  fence  of  wattles  or  boards, 
set  round  a  well  to  prevent  the  danger  of 
falling  into  it.  Kennett,  MS.  Lansd.  1033. 

BRAND  UTS.  Four  wooden  arms  affixed  to  the 
throat  of  a  spindle  in  an  oatmeal-mill.  Salop, 

BRAND-WINE .    Brandy. 

BRANDY-BALL.  A  game  mentioned  in  Moor's 
Suffolk  Words,  p.  238. 

BRANDY-BOTTLES.  The  flowers  of  the  yel- 
low water-lily.  Novf. 

BRAND YSNAP.  A  wafer  gingerbread.  North. 

BRANGLED.  .Confused;  entangled;  compli- 
cated. Line. 

BRANK.  (1)  To  hold  up  the  head  affectedly; 
to  put  a  bridle  or  restraint  on  anything. 
North. 

(2)  .Buck-wheat.  East.  See  Ray's  Diet.  Tril, 
p".  9 ;  Tusser,  p.  35.  Kennett,  MS.  Lansd. 
1033,  says, "  bran  of  the  purest  wheat.  Norf." 

BRANKES.  A  country  saddle  of  straw.  Urry's 
MS.  add.  to  Ray. 

BRANKKAND.    Wounding.  (A.-N.) 

With  brandez  of  browne  stele  brankkand  stedez. 
Morte  Arthurs,  MS.  Lincoln,  f.  73. 

BRANKS.  (1)  An  instrument,  formerly  used 
for  punishing  scolds.  It  is  of  iron,  and 
surrounds  the  head,  while  the  mouth  is 
gagged  by  a  triangular  piece  of  the  same  ma- 
terial. There  is  one  still  preserved  at  New- 
castle. 

(2)  A  kind  of  halter  or  bridle,  used  by  country 
people  on  the  borders, 

BRANNY-BREAD.    Coarse  bread,    Huloet. 


BRANSEL.  A  dance,  the  same  as  the  brawl, 
q.  v.  (A.-N.)  Florio  has,  "  brdndo,  a  French 
dance  called  a  Iransel  or  braule."  See  also 
brtinla  in  the  same  dictionary. 

BRANT.  (1)  Steep.  North.  "  Brant  against 
Flodden  Hill,"  explained  by  Nares  from 
Ascham,  "  up  the  steep  side."  Cf.  Brit.  Bibl. 
i.  132,  same  as  brandly? 

And  thane  thay  com  tille  wonder  heghe  moun- 
taynes,  and  it  semed  as  the  toppes  had  towehed  the 
firmament ;  and  thir  mountaynes  ware  als  brant  up- 
rijte  as  thay  had  bene  walles,  so  that  ther  was  na 
clymbyng  upon  tharae.  Life  of  Alexander,  MS.  Lin- 
coln, f.  38. 

(2)  A  harrow.     Huloet. 

(3)  A  brantgoose,  or  barnacle.     See  Harrison's 
Desc.  of  England,  p.  222 ;  MS.  Sloane  1622, 
f.51. 

(4)  Consequential ;  pompous.     North, 

(5)  Burnt.     Chesh. 
BRAN-TAIL.    The  redstart.    Salop. 
BRANTEN.     Bold ;  audacious.     Dorset. 
BRASE.     To   make  ready ;    to  prepare.     See 

Todd's  Illustrations,  p.  299.    Erased,  ready, 

prepared,  Nares,  p.  57,  who  is  puzzled  with 

the  word. 
BRASE  Y.  A  kind  of  sauce.    "  Pykes  in  brasey," 

Forme  of  Cury,  p.  53 ;  Ord.  and  Reg.  p.  451. 

Called  brasillw  the  latter  work,  p.  446. 
BRASH.  (1)  The  refuse  boughs  and  branches  of 

fallen  timber;    clippings   of  hedges;  twigs. 

Var.  dial. 

(2)  To  run  headlong.   North.    Also,  impetuous, 
rash.  Any  violent  push  is  called  a  brash. 

(3)  A  rash  or  eruption.     West.    Hence  any  sud- 
den development,  a  crash. 

(4)  To  prepare  ore.    North. 

BRASHY.  Small;  rubbishy;  delicate  in  con- 
stitution. North. 

BRASIANTUR.  An  account  of  the  liquor 
brewed  in  a  house.  (Lat.) 

BRASIL.  A  word  used  in  dyeing  to  give  a  red 
colour.  It  has  nothing  to  do  with  the  country 
of  that  name  in  America,  having  been  known 
long  before  the  discovery  of  the  New  World. 
It  is  mentioned  by  Chaucer,  Cant.  T.  15465  ; 
and  also  in  the  accounts  of  the  Grocers'  Com- 
pany, 1453,  Heath,  p. 322;  Harrison's  Descrip- 
tion of  England,  p.  233. 

BRASS.  (1)  Copper  coin.     Var.  dial 

(2)  Impudence. 

BRASS  ARTS.  In  ancient  armour,  pieces  be- 
tween the  elbow  and  the  top  of  the  shoulder, 
fastened  together  by  straps  inside  the  arms. 
Skinner  spells  it  fir  assets.  See  Bracer. 

BRASSISH.    Brittle.    North. 

BRAST.  The  past  tense  of  lurst.  It  is  also 
used  for  the  present.  Cf.  Torrent  of  Portugal, 
687 ;  Brit.  Bibl.  i.  25  ;  Feest,  xvii.  Huloet 
has,  u  brasten  beallye,  herniosus." 

BRASTLE.    To  boast ;  to  brag.    North. 

BRASTNES.  A  rupture.    Huloet. 

BRAT.  (1)  A  turbot.    North. 

(2)  Film  or  scum.    North. 

(3)  A  child's  bib  or  apron.  North.  A.-S.  bratt, 
a  coarse  mantle,  Chaucer,  CantT.  16349. 


BRA 


207 


BRE 


BRATCHET.    A  term   of   contempt.    North. 

Perhaps  from  brack,  q.  v. 
BRATER.  Avambrace. 

Thorowe  brater  of  browne  stele,  and  the  bryghte 

mayles, 

That  the  hilte  and  the  hande  appone  the  hethe  ligges. 
Morte  Arthurs,  MS.  Lincoln,  f.  97. 

BRATHE.  Fierce.  Syr  Gowghter,  108.  Brathli, 
fiercely,  excessively. 

Beris  to  syr  Berille,  and  brathely  hym  hittes. 

Morte  Arthure,  MS.  Lincoln,  f.  72. 
Schuldirs  schamesly  thay  schent, 
And  brathly  bledis.     Sir  Deg-remnf,  Line.  MS.  897. 
This  fol  folk  tham  sammen  than, 
Brathli  thai  this  werk  bigan. 

MS.  Cott.  Vespas,  A.  iii.  f.  14. 
BRATTICE,     A  partition.    North. 
BRATTISH.    A  shelf ;  also,  a  seat  with  a  high 

back.     North. 

BRATTISHING.     Brandishing,  q.  v. 
BRATTLE.  (1)  To  thunder.     Xorth. 

(2)  To  lop  the  branches  of  trees  after  they  are 
felled.    East. 

(3)  A  race,  or  hurry.     North. 

(4)  A  push,  or  stroke.    North. 
BRATTY.    Mean  and  dirty.    Line. 
BRAUCH.    Rakings  of  straw.    Kent. 
BRAUCHIN.    A  horse-collar.    North. 
BRAUDED.    Embroidered. 
BRATJGtTWHAM.    A  dish  composed  of  cheese, 

eggs,  bread  and  butter,  boiled  together. 
Lane. 

BRAUNCE.    A  branch.    SJcinner. 

BRAUNGING.    Pompous.    North. 

BRAVADOES.    Roaring  boys. 

BRAVATION.  Bravery ;  good  spirits.  See  Wily 
Beguiled,  ap.  Hawkins,  in.  375. 

BRAVE.  (1)  Finely  drest;  fine;  good.  Also  a 
verb.  Cf.  Thynne's  Debate,  p.  23 ;  Drayton's 
Poems,  p.  23  ;*Timon,  p.  19  ;  Collier's  Old  Bal- 
lads, p.  22;  Jacke  of  Dover,  p.  6,  braverly. 

(2)  A  boast;  a  vaunt.    See  Drayton's  Poems, 
p.  71 ;  Downfall  of  Robert  Earl  of  Hunting- 
don, p.  36  ;  Du  Bartas,  p.  7  ;  Heywood's  Ed- 
ward IV.  p.  55. 

(3)  A  bravo ;  a  ruffian. 

(4)  "Well ;  in  good  health.    North. 

(5)  A  trophy.    Nomenclator,  p.  288. 
BRAVERY.  (1)  Finery.    The  ancient  Britons 

painted  their  bodies,  "  which  they  esteemed  a 
great  braverie,"  Holinshed,  Chron.  England, 
p.  55.  Cf.  Tarlton,  p.  98. 

(2)  A  beau ;  a  fine  gentleman.  See  Ben  Jon- 
son's  Works,  iii.  358. 

BRA VI.    A  reward,  or  prize.     (Lat.) 

BRAWDEN.  Woven;  embroidered.  Brawderer, 
an  embroiderer,  Elizabeth  of  York,  p.  55. 

BRAWDRY.    Sculptured  work.    SJcinner. 

BRAWET.    A  kind  of  eel.    North. 

BRAWL.  (1)  A  kind  of  dance,  introduced  into 
this  country  from  France  about  the  middle  of 
the  sixteenth  century.  It  is  fully  described 
by  Douce,  Illustrations,  i.  218,  and  in  Web- 
ster's Works,  iv.  94.  Cotgrave  translates 
Iran&le,  "  a  brawle,  or  daunce.  wherein  many, 
men  and  women,  holding  by  the  hands,  some- 


times in  a  ring,  and  othenvhiles  at  length,  move 
altogether." 

Good  fellowes  must  go  learne  to  daunce, 

The  brydeal  is  full  near-a  ; 
There  is  a  bifill  come  out  of  Fraunce, 
The  fyrst  ye  harde  this  yeare-a. 

Good  Fellowes ,  a  Ballad,  1569, 
(2)  A  brat.     Nares. 
BRAWN.  (1)  The  smut  of  corn.     West. 

(2)  The  stump  of  a  tree.    Devon. 

(3)  A  boar.    North. 

Brok  brestede  as  a  braivne,  with  brustils  fulle  large. 
Morte  Arthurs,  MS.  Lincoln,  f.  65. 

(4)  The  term  was  formerly  applied  to  any  kind 
of  flesh,  not  merely  that  of  the  boar,  and  to 
the  muscular  parts  of  the  body. 

BRAWNDESTE.     Brandished. 

Braivndeste  browne  stele,  braggede  in  trompes. 

Morte  Arthure>  MS.  Lincoln,  f.  91. 

BRAWNESCHEDYN.  Branded.  Tundale.  p.  40. 

BRAWN-FALLEN.   Very  thin. 

BRAWNS.    The  muscles. 

BRAWTHERER.    An  embroiderer. 

BRAY.  (1)  To  beat  in  a  mortar.  Hence,  to  beat, 
to  thrash.  To  bray  a  fool  in  a  mortar,  an  old 
proverb.  See  Dodsley,  vii.  137*  x.  262;  Top-« 
sell's  Foure-footed  Beasts,  p.  364. 

And  bray  hem  alle  togedere  small. 

Archceologia,  xxx.  394. 

(2)  Good ;  bold. 

(3)  To  throw. 

(4)  To  upbraid.    Huloet. 

(5)  To  cry. 

For  hyt  bygan  to  bray  and  crye, 
As  thoghe  hyt  shuld  al  to  flye. 

MS.  Harl.  1701,  f.  33. 

(6)  A  cliff ;  a  rising  ground.    See  Holinshed's 
Scotland,  pp.  9,  15. 

Ney  the  forde  ther  is  a  braye, 
And  ney  the  braye  ther  is  a  well. 

MS.  Sloans  25?8,  f.  10-11. 

BRAYING-ROPES.  Part  of  the  harness  of  a 
horse.  Wardrobe  Accounts  of  King  Edward 
IV.  p.  123. 

BEAZE.  (1)  To  acquire  a  bad  taste,  applied  to 
food.  North. 

(2)  To  be  impudent.    Var.  dial. 

BRAZIL.    Sulphate  of  iron.    North. 

BREACH.  (1)  A  plot  of  land  preparing  for  an- 
other crop.  Devon. 

(2)  The  break  of  day,  Harrison's  Description  of 
England,  p.  242.  It  is  often  used  for  break 
by  our  early  dramatists  in  an  obscene  sense, 
as  in  Heywood's  Royall  King  and  Loyall  Sub- 
ject, sig.  F.  i. 

BREACH-CORN.    Leguminous  crops. 

BREACHING.     Quarrelling.     Tusser. 

BRE  ACHY.  (1)  Spoken  of  cattle  apt  to  break 
out  of  their  pasture.  South. 

(2)  Brackish.    Sussex. 

BREAD.  "  He  took  bread  and  salt,"  i.  e,  he 
swore,  those  articles  having  formerly  been 
eaten  at  the  taking  an  oath. 

BREADINGS,  According  to  Kennett, «  bread- 
ings  of  corn  or  grass,  the  swathes  or  lows 
wherein  the  mower  leaves  them.  Chesh" 


BRE 


208 


BRE 


BREAD-LOAF.     Household  bread.    North. 

BREAK.  (1)  A  break  Is  land  that  has  long  lain 
fallow,  or  in  sheep  walks,  and  is  so  called  the 
first  year  after  it  has  heen  ploughed  or  broken 
up.  Norf.  To  run  the  "horsehoe  between 
rows  of  beans  is  called  breaking  them. 

(2)  A  beast  breaks  cover,  when  he  goes  out  be- 
fore the  hounds.     He  breaks  water,  when  he 
has  just  passed  through  a  river.    Gent.  Rec. 
ii.  78. 

(3)  To  tear.    Hants. 

(4)  To  break  with  a  person,  to  open  a  secret  to 
ham. 

BREAK-DANSE.    A  treacherous  person. 

BREAK-DEAL,  To  lose  the  deal  at  cards. 
Devon. 

BREAKDITCH.  A  term  originally  applied  to 
a  cow  that  will  not  stay  in  her  appropriate 
pasture ;  and  generally,  any  one  in  the  habit 
of  rambling,  North. 

BREAK-NECK.    A  ghost.    North. 

BREAK-UP.  To  cut  up  a  deer;  a  term  anciently 
and  properly  applied  technically  to  that  ope- 
ration only,  but  it  afterwards  came  to  be  a 
general  term  for  carving.  A  huntsman  is  now 
said  to  break  up  his  fox,  when  he  cuts  off  the 
head  and  brush,  and  gives  the  carcase  to  the 
hounds.  Twici,  p.  47. 

BREAM.  Cold  and  bleak.  North.  Cf.  Cot- 
grave,  in  v.  Froid;  Florio,  in  v.  Brina,  Bruma, 
the  latter  writer  using  it  apparently  in  the 
sense  of  frost. 

BREAN.    To  perspire.     YorTcsh. 

BREANT-NEED.  Assistance  in  distress.  North. 

BREAST.    (1)  The  voice. 
I  syng  not  musycall, 

For  my  brest  is  decayd.    Armonye  of  Eyrdes,  p.  5. 
To  trim  a  hedge.    Salop. 
The  face  of  coal-workings. 
To  spring  up.    North. 
~ '  "T-SUMMER.    A  beam  supporting  the 
front  of  a  building,  after  the  manner  of  a 
lintel.     Oaf.  Gloss.  Arch. 

BREAT.  A  kind  of  turbot,  mentioned  in  Ordi- 
nances and  Regulations,  p.  296. 

BREATH.  (1)  Breathing;  exercise.  ShaL 
"  To  breathe  in  your  watering,"  to  take  breath 
while  drinking,  a  Shakespearian  phrase. 

2  A  smile.    Somerset. 

3  To  bray ;  to  neigh.    Devon. 

4  Smell ;  scent ;  odour.     West. 

5  Futuo.    "  And  thmk'st  thou  to  breath  me 
upon  trust  *'    Heywood's  Royall  King,  1 637, 
sig.  F.  iii.    This  is  a  meaning 'that  has  been 
overlooked.     «  Here  is  a  lady  that  wants 
breathing  too,5!'  Pericles,  ii.  3. 

BREATHING-HOLE.    A  vent-hole  in  a  cask. 
BREATHING-WHILE.    A  time  sufficient  for 

drawing  breatk;   any  very  short  period  of 

time.    Nares. 

BREAU.    Spoon  meoh-^Nort/i. 
BREC.    Broke.    Rob.  Glouc.  p.  490.    Breche, 

breaking,  fracture,  Kyng  AHsaunder,  2168. 
BRECHE.     (1)  Breeches.     (X-&) 
(2)  The  buttocks  of  a  deer. 


BRECK.    A  piece  of  unenclosed  arable  land ; 
a  sheep  walk,  if  in  grass.  East.   Tusser,  p.  18, 
has  brecJc,  a  breaking  or  fracture. 
BRECOST.     A  barbican. 
BRE  DALE.    A  marriage-feast.     (A.-S.) 
No  man  may  telle  yn  tale 
The  peple  that  was  at  that  bredale*    Octovian,  56. 

BREDDEN.    Roasted.    (^.-£) 

Man  and  hous  thai  brent  and  bredden, 
And  her  godes  oway  ledden. 

Ai'thour  and  Merlin,  p.  270. 

BREDE.   (1)  Breadth.  North.   Cf.  Ellis's  Met. 
Rom.  iii.  328 ;  Chaucer,  Cant.  T.  1972. 
The  angel  began  the  childe  to  lede 
Into  a  forest  was  fayre  in  brede. 

MS.  Cantab.  Ff.  v.  48,  f.68. 
Oon  heere  brede  owt  of  thys  peyne 
They  have  no  power  to  lyste  mee. 

MS.  Cantab.  Ff.  ii.  38,  f.  49. 

(2)  Broad;  extended.  (A.-S.)  Cf.  Kyng  Ali- 
saunder,  2322;  Wright's  Purgatory,  p.  86. 
"  Take  grene  bowys  of  asche,  and  cut  hem," 
and  ley  hem  on  a  brede  yren,"  MS.  Med. 
Cath.  Heref. 


Abroad.     Skinner. 
Bread ;  employment.     North. 
A  knot.     West. 

A  board.    (A.-S.)     Still  used  in  Suffolk  for 
a  board  to  press  curd  for  cheese. 
Naylyd  on  a  brede  of  tre, 
That  inen  callyt  an  abece.    Reliq.  Antiq.  1. 63. 
BREDE  CHE  SE.     Cream-cheese.    Pr.  Parv. 
BREDEN.    To  breed.     (A.-S.) 
BREDGEN.     To  abridge.     S&inner. 
BREDHERE.    Bretheren. 

Everylkone  hys  bredhere  alle, 
Tyte  thai  come  before  me  here. 

JR.  de  Brunne,  MS.  Bowes,  p.  18. 
BREDHITITHE.    A  lump  of  bread.   Pr.  Parv. 
BRED-SORE.    A  whitlow.    East. 
BREDURNE.    Bretheren. 

These  ij,  bredurne  upon  a  day 
Wyth  enemys  were  slayn  in  fyghte. 

MS.  Cantab.  Ff.  ii.  38,  f .  48. 

BREE.     (1)  A  bank;  a  declivity.     North. 

(2)  Agitation.     North. 

"3)  To  frighten.    North. 

An  eyebrow.     Var.  dial     Palsgrave  has, 
"  Bree  of  the  eye,poilde  loiel,"  subst.  f.  21. 
For  hir  hare  and  brees  shone  lyke  the  golde, 
The  best  maid  thynge  that  ever  tredde  molde, 

MS.  Lansd.  208,  f.  22. 

BREECH.    To  flog ;  to  whip. 

BREECHES-BIBLE.  One  of  our  translations 
of  the  Bible  from  the  Geneva  edition,  on 
which  some  ridicule  has  been  thrown  on  ac- 
count of  the  following  words,  "  And  they 
sewed  fig-tree  leaves  together,  and  made 
themselves  breeches,"  Gen.  iii.  7.  The  pecu- 
liarity is  imaginary,  the  same  word  occurring 
in  several  of  the  early  translations.  See 
Douce's  Illustrations,  i.  378. 

BREECHMEN.  Sailors.  See  a  list  of  obsolete 
words  prefixed  to  Batman  uppon  Bartholome, 
1582. 

BREED.    To  piaic.    South. 


BRE 


209 


BRE 


BREED-BATE.    A  maker  of  contention. 
BREEDER.    A  fine  day.    East. 
BREEDING-IN-AND-IN.    Crobsing  the  breed. 
BREEDS.    The  brims  of  a  hat.     Glouc. 
BREEK.     Breeches.   North.   Also  breeJes.    See 
Skelton,  ii.  173 ;  bryk,  Songs  and  Carols,  x. ; 
Ritson's  Ancient  Songs,  p.  51 ;  breke,  Lang- 
toft,  p.  161,  where  the  French  original  reads 
brayse.    Breek-girdille,  Maundevile's  Travels, 
p.  50,  a  kind  of  girdle  round  the  middle  of 
the  body,  zona  circa  renes,  Ducange  in  v. 
Renale. 

He  made  hym  nakyd,  for  he  was  meke, 
Save  hys  schurte  and  hys  breke. 

MS.  Cantab.  Ff.ii.38,  f.  163. 
At  ys  breggurdle  that  swerd  a-stod. 

MS.  dshmole  33,  f.  39. 

BREEL.  A  contentious  person  ?  [Brethel  ?] 
Why  lowtt  je  nat  low  to  my  lawdabyll  presens,, 
Ye  brawlyng  breels  and  blabyr-lyppyd  bycchys. 

Bigby  Mysteries,  p.  107. 

BREEN.    A  goblin.    North. 

BREER.    A  briar.    North. 

BREEZE.   (1)   To  lean  hard.    Devon. 

(2)  A  quarrel.     Var.  dial 

BREFF.    Brief ;  short.     Shak. 

BREFFET.    To  ransack.    Line. 

BRE  GEN.    They  break,  pi. 

BREGGE.    A  bridge.    Lyb.  Disc.  1271. 

BREGID.    Abridged ;  shortened. 

BREID.     Sorrow  ? 

For  evere  were  thou  luther  and  les, 
For  to  brewe  me  bitter  breid, 
And  me  to  puyten  out  of  pees. 

Waltei'  Mapes,  p.  342. 

BREKE.  To  part;  to  break.  North.  "  Poverte 
brekys  companye,"  MS.  Douce  52.  {A.-S.) 

BREKET.    A  pike?    Meyrick. 

BREME.  (1)  Fierce ;  furious ;  vigorous,  (A.-S.} 
See  Warton's  Hist.  Engl.  Poet.  i.  201 ;  Chau- 
cer, Cant.  T.  1701 ;  Leg.  Cathol.  p.  17 ;  Re- 
liq.  Antiq.  ii.  7;  Amaclas,  171;  Towneley  Myst. 
p.  197 ;  Piers  Ploughman,  p.  241 ;  Ritson's 
Songs,  i.  58,  64  ;  Depos.  Ric.  II.  p.  27.  Also 
spelt  Mm,  as  in  Langtoft,  p.  154.  The  term 
is  still  applied  to  a  sow  marts  appetens. 
They  ar  bold  and  breme  as  bate. 

MS.  Sari.  2252,  f.  89. 

(2)  Briny  ?  cuirass  ?  Or  very  possibly  the  word 
may  be  incorrectly  written  for  brenie  in  MS. 
Cantab.  Ff.  ii.  38,  f.  88. 

BREN.  Bran.  North.  See  an  early  instance 
in  Piers  Ploughman,  p.  128. 

Than  take  an  hanfulle  of  brenne,  and  putt  hit 
into  the  herbis,  that  hit  wexe  summewhat  rownde 
and  thykke.  MS.  Med.  Coll.  Eman.  f.  18. 

BRENCH.    The  brink.    Ellis,  ii.  138. 

BREN-CHEESE.    Bread  and  cheese.    South. 

BRENDE.  (1)  To  make  broad;  to  spread  about. 
North.  Kennett,  MS.  Lansd.  1033. 

(2)  Burnished. 

BRENDSTON.  Brimstone.  Sulphur  vivum, 
MS.  Sloane  5,  f.  9. 

BRENNE.  To  burn.  (^.-£)  See  Kyng  Ali- 
saunder,  4881;  Minors  Poems,  p.  23;  Piers 
Ploughman,  p.  367 ;  Leg.  CathoL  p.  224 ; 


Maundevile's  Travels,  p.  55 ;  Todd's  Illustra- 
tions, p.  219. 

No  so  hote  fyre  ys  yn  no  land, 
As  hyt  ys  aboute  me  brennand. 

MS.  Harl.  1701,  f.  15. 

And  kyndels  thai  re  willes  with  the  fyre  of  love, 
makand  thaim  hate  and  brynnand  witMn,  and  fayre 
and  lufely  in  Jhesu  Crist  eghe. 

MS.  Coll.  Eton.  10,  f.  1. 
BRENNINGLY.     Hotly.     (A.-S.) 
BRENT.     Steep.    North. 
BRENWATER.    Aqua  fortis. 
BRENYEDE.     Brave  ;  courageous.    (X-M) 
I  salle  to  bateJle  the  brynge  of  brenyede  knyghtes 
Thyrtty  thosaunde  be  tale,  thryftye  in  armes. 

Morte  Arthur e,  MS.  Lincoln,  f.  56. 

BRERD.     Surface ;  top ;  brim.    (^.-£) 
BRERE.  (1)  Briar.   (A.-N.)  See  Chaucer,  Cant. 

T.  1534 ;  Reliq.  Antiq.  ii.  82. 
(2)  To  sprout.    North. 

BRERE  WOOD.     Cotgrave  has,  "  Aik,  a  wing ; 
also,  the  brimme  or  brerewood  of  a  hat.;r  Can* 
gives  oreward  as  still  in  use  in  the  same  sense. 
BRERN.    A  man.    Ps.Cott. 
BRESE.    To  bruise.    (A.-N.)    See  Towneley 
Myst.  p.  214 ;  Skelton,  ii  100 ;  Leg.  CathoL 
p.  199. 

Ful  faste  they  wrastyn,  no  thyng  they  wounden, 
Nodes  they  mote  brese  foule  hys  honden. 

MS.  Hart.  1701,  f.  90. 
And  set  hur  upon  an  olde  stede, 
That  was  bresyd  and  blynde. 

MS.  Canto6.Ff.ii.38,  f.  7* 
BRESSEMOR.    A  beam.    North. 
BRESTE.  (1)  To  burst.    (4.-S.) 

Bothe  thorow  owt  back  and  bone, 
He  made  the  blode  to  owt  bre&te, 

MS.  Cantab.  Ff.  ii.  58,  f.  80. 
(2)  A  burst  of  sorrow. 

All  that  there  were,  bothe  moost  and  leeste, 
Of  Gye  they  had  a,  grete  breste. 

MS.  Cantab.  Ff,  ii.  38,  f.  148. 

BRESURE.    A  bruise  or  sore. 
BRET.   To  fade  away;  to  alter.  Kent.  See  Ken- 
nett, MS.  Lansd.  1033.      Standing  corn  so 
ripe  that  the  grain  falls  out,  is  said  to  bret 
out. 
BRETAGE.    A  parapet. 

Thanne  alle  the  folke  of  that  cete" 
Rane  the  geaunte  for  to  see, 
At  the  bretage  thare  he  stode. 

MS.  Lincoln  A.  i.  17,  f.  103. 
Whenne  he  had  slayne  the  knyghtes  fyve> 
Agayne  to  the  walles  ganne  he  dryve, 
And  over  the  bretage  ganne  lye.         Ibid.  f.  1031 

BRETAGED.    Embattled. 

Towred  withe  torettes  was  the  tente  thanne, 
And  aftur  bretaged  abowte  bryjte  to  byholde. 

MS.  Cott.  Califf.A.  ILL  112, 

BRETEXED.    Embattled.    Lyffgate. 
BRETFULL.    Brimful.    See  Todd's    Illustra- 
tions, p.  324 ;  Chaucer,  Cant  T.  689,  2166  j 
House  of  Fame,  iii.  1033;  Wright's  Seven 
Sages,  p.  33. 

Tak  the  leves  of  henbayne  one  Missomer  evene, 
and  stampe  thame  a  littille,  and  fille  a  mekille  pott 
bretfulle*  and  thirlle  the  pott  in  the  bothome. 

MS.  Line.  M&d.  f.  306. 

BRETH.   Kagejaiiger. 

W 


BUI 


210 


BRI 


BRETHELING.    A  worthless  person.    See  Ar- 
thour  and  Merlin,  pp.  7,  219  ;  Beves  of  Ham- 
toun,  p.  81.    Brethellys,  Cov.  Myst.  p.  308 ; 
and  breyel  in  Prompt.  Parv.  p.  50,  seems  to  be 
an  error  for  brethel,  translated  by  miserculus. 
BRETISE.    S&Bretage. 
BRETYNYD.    Carved ;  cut  up.    (A.-S.) 
He  broghte  in  that  brynande  evoke, 
And  bretynyd  saules,  and  alle  to-schoke. 

R.  deBrunne,  JUS.  Bowes,  p.  1. 

BREVE.  (1)  To  tell;  to  speak;  to  inform^  to 
esteem,  or  account.  Also,  to  mark,  to  write. 
See  Boke  of  Curtasye,  p.  23 ;  Wright's  Pol. 
Songs,  p.  156;  Ordinances  and  Regulations, 
p.  47;  Hardyng's  Chronicle,  f.  102.  Breve- 
ment,  an  account,  Ordinances  and  Regulations, 
p.  71 ;  brever,  ib.  p.  70. 

(2)  Brief;  short  See  Octovian,  533;  Sharp's 
Cov.  Myst.  p.  157. 

BREVET.  (1)  A  little  brief,  or  letter.  (A.-N.) 
See  Piers  Ploughman,  pp.  5,  116 ;  Boke  of 
Curtasye,  p.  22.  Brevetowre,  a  porter  or  car- 
rier of  letters,  brevigerulus,  Ducange  and 
Prompt.  Parv. 

(2)  To  move  about  inquisitively ;  to  search  dili- 
gently into  anything.  West, 

BREVIALL,    A  breviary. 

BREVIATURE.  A  note  of  abbreviation.  See 
the  Nomenclator,  p.  9.  t 

BREW.  A  kind  of  bird,  mentioned  in  the 
Archaeologia,  xiit  341. 

BREWARD.    A  blade  of  corn.    North. 

BREWER 'S-HORSE.  A  drunkard  was  some- 
times said  to  be  "  one  -whom  the  brewer's 
horse  hath  bit."  See  Mr,  Cunningham's  notes 
to  Rich's  Honestie  of  this  Age,  p.  72.  Falstaff 
compares  himself  to  a  brewer's  horse,  1  Henry 

'    IV.  iii.  3,  in  a  contemptuous  manner. 

BREWET.  Pottage ;  broth.  (A.-S.)  Brouwys, 
Richard  Coer  de  Lion,  3077.  This  probably 
differed  from  the  North  country  brewis,  which 
is  made  of  slices  of  bread,  with  fat  broth 
poured  over  them.  "  Adipatum  est  quodlibet 
edulum  adipe  mpinguatum,  browesse,"  Reliq. 
Antiq.  i.  7.  Cf.  Withals7  Dictionarie,  ed.  1 608, 
pt  152,  brews. 

Take  cleere  water  for  strong  wine,  browne  bread 
for  fine  manchet,  beefe  and  brewis  for  quailes  and 
partridge.  Lyly's  Euphues. 

BREWLEDE.    The  leaden  cooling  vessel  used 

by  brewers. 

BREWSTER.    A  brewer.    North. 
BREYDE.  (1)  A  board.    (A.-S.) 

(2)  Force ;  violence. 

A  squyer  brake  a  bogh  with  grete  I>vey6.e, 
Hyt  bledd  on  hym  bothe  honde  and  face. 

MS.  Cantab.  Ff.  ii.  38,  f.  46. 

(3)  To  frighten ;  to  startle. 
BREYT.    Broth. 

BRE3E,    To  frighten.   (A.-S.) 

BREJET.  Breath.  In  MS.  Med.  Coll.  Eman. 
f.  3,  a  kind  of  aqua-vita  is  said  to  "  amend 
stynkyng  brevet,  jif  a  man  drynk  it." 

BRIAN.  To  keep  fire  at  the  mouth  of  an  oven. 
North.  I 


BRIBAGE,  Bribery.  See  Harrison's  Description 
of  England,  p.  149. 

BRIBE.  To  rob;  to  steal.  (A.-N.)  "Have 
stolen  and  bribed  signetts;"  Rot.  Parl.  as 
quoted  by  Tyrwhitt,  v.  33.  Palsgrave  has, 
"  I  bribe,  I  pull,  I  pyll,"  f.  174.  «  Divide  me 
like  a  IriVd  buck,  each  a  haunch,"  says 
Falstaff,  Merry  Wives,  v,  5,  which  modern 
editors  most  unaccountably  alter.  Was  the 
allusion  unnatural  for  a  man  who  had  so  re- 
cently MUed  deer,  and  broken  open  a  lodge  ? 

BRIBOUR.  A  robber.  Also,  a  beggar.  (A.-N.} 
See  Cov.  Myst.  p.  183 ;  Prompt.  Parv.  p.  50, 
translated  by  manticulus. 

BRICCO.    Brittle.    Chesh. 

BRICHE.    Happy. 

BRICK.  (1)  To  break  by  pulling  back.  Hence 
in  Kent,  to  Iricken  and  to  brittenwp  the  head 
is  to  hold  it  up"  and  backward.  Kennett. 

(2)  A  kind  of  loaf.  Var.  dial 

(3)  A  rent  or  flaw.  Devon. 
BRICKEN.   Made  of  brick.   South. 
BRICKETTES.     The  pieces  of  armour  which 

covered  the  loins,  and  joined  the  tassets. 

BRICK-KEEL.  A  brick-kiln.  South.  Floriohas 
the  term  in  v.  Mattoniera. 

BRICKLE.  Brittle.  North.  See  Topsell's  Foure- 
footed  Beasts,  p.  321 ;  Harrison's  Description 
of  England,  pp.  21,  213,  221 ;  Romeus  and 
Juliet,  p.  56. 

BRICKNOGGIN.  An  old  strong  mode  of  build- 
ing with  frequent  wooden  right-ups,.or  studds, 
filled  in  between  with  bricks.  Half-timbered 
houses  are  called  brick-pane  buildings. 

BRICKSTONE.  A  brick.  North.  Also  called  a 
brick-tile. 

BRICK- WALLS.  To  swallow  one's  meat  with- 
out chewing,  is  sometimes  called  making 
brick-walls. 

BRICOLE.  (1)  The  rebound  of  a  ball  after  a 
side  stroke  at  tennis.  In  English  often  called 
a  bric&-waU}  as  in  Hollyband  and  Cotgrave, 
in  v.  Bricole;  brickoll,  Florio,  in  v.  Briccola. 

(2)  An  ancient  military  engine,  used  for  batter- 
ing down  walls.  (A.-N.}  See  Du  Bartas, 
p.  491. 

BRID.  A  bird.  (A.-S.')  See  Minot's  Poems, 
p.  31;  Hartshorne's  Met.  Tales,  .p.  53; 
Chaucer,  Cant.  T.  10925.  The  herb  bird's- 
tongue  is  called  briddestonge  in  MS.  Sloane  5, 
f.6. 
I  am  as  joly  as  brid  on  bough.  MS.  Chetham,  6C80. 

BRIDALE.   SeeJBredale. 

BRIDDIS.  Brood;  family.   (4.-SJ 

Anoone  he  ordeynide  a  vessel  afore  hir  hole,  ande 
put  therin  everi  daye  milke,  that  the  serpent  withe 
his  briddis  myght  licke  hit  oute. 

Gesta  Romanorum,  p.  196. 

BRIDE.  (1)  A  bridle.  (A.-N.) 

(2)  Florio,  in  v.  Cincischidre,  has,  "  to  mince  or 
bride  it  at  the  table  or  in  speech  as  some  af- 
fected women  use."  Lilly,  in  his  Mother 
Bombie,  applies  the  term  to  the  behaviour  of 
newly-married  people. 

BRIDE-DOOR.    To  run  for  the  bride-door,  is  to 


Bill 


211 


BRI 


start  for  a  favour  given  by  a  bride  to  be  run  for 
by  the  youth  of  the  neighbourhood,  who  wait 
at  the  church-door  until  the  marriage  is  over, 
and  then  run  to  the  bride's  door.  The  prize  a 
riband,  which  is  worn  for  the  day  in  the  hat  of 
the  winner.  North. 

BRIDE-LACES,  A  kind  of  broad  riband  or 
small  streamer,  often  worn  at  weddings,  al- 
luded to  in  the  Gamester,  iii.  3,  and  by 
Laneham. 

BRIDEWELL.  A  well-known  prison,  and 
henee  generally  applied,  as  in  the  OptickGlasse 
of  Humors,  1639,  p.  21, 

BRIDGE-PIN.  Part  of  a  gun,  mentioned  in 
Blome's  Gent.  Rec.  ii.  124. 

BRIDGES.  A  kind  of  thread. 

BRIDLE.  An  aneient  instrument  for  punishing 
a  scold  5  one  of  them  still  exists  at  Congleton. 
See  England  and  Wales,  p.  519.  "  To  bite 
on  the  bridle,"  to  suffer  great  hardships. 

BRIDLEGGED.  Weak  in  the  legs.   Chesh. 

BRIDLE-ROAD.  A  road  for  a  horse  only.  Also 
called  a  bridle-sty  and  a  bridle-way. 

BRIDLING.    A  bitch  mans  appetens. 

BRIDLING-CAST.  A  parting  turn  or  cast. 
See  Skelton,  ii.  117. 

BRIDRIS.    Breeders. 

BRIDWORT.   Meadow-sweet. 

BRIEF.  (1)  A  petition;  any  short  paper,  or 
speech ;  a  letter.  See  Towneley  Myst.  p.  127  ; 
Ellis's  Met.  Rom.  ii.  118.  Hence  an  abstract, 
an  account.  The  word  is  still  retained  by 
lawyers. 

(2)  Rife ;  common  j  prevalent.    Shale.    Still  used 
in  the  provinces,  but  chiefly  applied  to  epide- 
mic disorders. 

(3)  A  horse-fly.     Elyot,  in  v.  Oestrum,  says, 
"  it  semeth  to  bee  the  fly  called  a  Iriefe  or 
horse  flie,  by  reason  that  it  doeth  so  vexe  cat- 
tell  in  sommer  tyme." 

(4)  A  breve  in  music. 

BRIG.     An  utensil  used  in  brewing  and  in 
dairies  to  set  the  strainer  upon.    North.    A 
kind  of  iron,  set  over  a  fire,  is  so  called. 
BRIGANT.    A  robber  or  plunderer. 
BRIGANTAYLE.     Brigandine,    an  extremely 
pliable  kind  of  armour,  consisting  of  small 
plates  of  iron  sewn  upon   quilted  linen  or 
leather.    See  Holinshed,  Hist.  Ireland,  p.  16 ; 
Test  Vetust.  p:  189. 

Of  arm  is  oifof  brigantayle, 

Stood  nothynge  thanne upon  batayle. 

Gower,  MS.  Soc.  Antiq.  134,  f.  32. 

BRIGE.    Contention.   (A.-N.} 
BRIGGE.  Abridge.  North. 
BRIGGEN.    To    abridge.    Briggid,  abridged, 
Langtoft,  p.  247. 

Byreven  man  his  helthe  and  his  welfare, 
And  his  dayes  briggett,  and  schorte  his  lyf. 

Occleve,  MS*  Soc.  Antiq.  134,  f.  251. 
BRIGHT.    Celandine. 

BRIGHTSOME.  Bright.  See  Holinshed,  Hist. 
England,  p.  99  ;  Stanihurst's  Descr.  of  Ireland, 
p.  28. 

BRIGIRDLE.    See  Bree&. 
BRIK.    Narrow;  straight.    Coles, 


BRIKE.    Breach ;  ruin.    (A.-S.) 
BRIM.  (1)  Sea;  flood;  river.    Sea-sand  is  still 
called  brim-sand  in  Dorset. 

(2)  The  same  as  breme,  q.  v. 

(3)  The  forehead.  North.   This  seems  to  be  the 
right  meaning  in  Octovian,  93 . 

(4)  To  bring.    East. 
BRIMME.    Public;  known. 
BRIMMER.    A  hat.    North. 

BRIMMLE.  A  bramble.  West.  Huloet,1552, 
has  Irymole.  Brymmeylle,  bremmyll,  Pr. 
Paro. 

BRIMS.  A  gadfly.  Kent.  See  Keunett,  MS. 
Lansd.  1033,  who  gives  the  phrase,  "You 
have  a  Irims  in  your  tail,"  i.  e.  are  always 
running  about.  Brimsey  occurs  in  Cotgrave, 
in  v.  Desire  /  Topsell's  History  of  Serpents, 
p.  247 ;  and  Skinner  refers  to  Higins  for  it. 

BRIMSTONE.    Rampant.   South. 

BRINCH.  To  drink  in  answer  to  a  pledge. 
Lyly's  Mother  Bombie,  ed.  1632,  sig.  Aa.  vii. 
Bryncher,  Gascoyne's  Delicate  Diet,  1576. 
Nares  is  at  fault  with  respect  to  this  word, 
•which  is  sometimes  spelt  brindice. 

BRINDED.    Fierce.   Devon. 

BRINDLED.    Streaked;  variously  coloured. 

BRINGEN,  To  bring.  (A,-S.}  "To  bring  one 
going,"  to  bring  one  on  one's  way,  to  accom- 
pany a  person  part  of  a  journey. 

BRINI.  A  cuirass.  See  Kyng  Alisaunder,  1249, 
1869,  5149;  Kyng  Horn,  1230;  Kyng  of 
Tars,  949 ;  Horn  Childe,  p,  284 ;  Gy  of  War- 
Tvike,  p.  140;  Minot's  Poems,  p.  171; 
Arthour  and  Merlin,  p.  287 ;  Sir  Tristrem,  pp. 
147,301. 

Buskede  iabrenyes  bryghte  to behalde. 

Mmte  Arthure,  MS.  Lincoln,  f.  80. 

BRINKLE.     A  dog  "with  one  patch  of  black 
brown  Irinkle  on  the  left  eye  and  left  ear" 
is  mentioned  in  the  Times,  April  24,  1845. 
BRINK-WARE.    Small  faggots  to  repair  the 

banks  of  rivers.    East. 
BRIOT.    Burnt.    (A.-S.) 

The  trees  hit  brast,  the  erthe  6n«f, 
At  Gesson  londe  there  hit  stint. 
Cursor  Mundi,  MS.  Coll.  Trin.  Cantab,  f.  38. 

BRISE.  (1)  To  bruise ;  to  break. 

(2)  A  bristle.     North. 

(3)  Fallow  ground.    East. 

BRISK- ALE.  Ale  of  a  superior  quality.  See 
Toulmin's  Hist,  of  Taunton,  p.  25. 

BRISKEN.    To  be  lively. 

BRISLE-DICE.   A  kind  of  false  dice. 

BRISS.  Dust ;  rubbish.  Devon.  Briss-and-biif- 
tons,  sheep's  droppings. 

BRISSE.   To  bruise. 

BRISSLE.    To  scorch;  to  dry.    North. 

BRISSOUR.  A.  sore  place;  a  chap.  (Dan.)  The 
term  occurs  in  MS.  Med.  Line.  f.  299.  Com- 
pare MS.  Med.  Coll,  Eman.  fol  19,  "  also  it  is 
good  emplastres  forwowndis  that  ben  ranclyd, 
for  to  sese  ache,  and  do  awey  brisouris" 

BRISTEZ.    Bursts. 

Of  myne  hard  faerie  than  es  gret  wondire, 
That  it  for  sorowe  tristes  noghte  in  sundyre, 

MS.  Lincoln  JV.  i.  17,  f.  190. 


BRO 


212 


BEO 


BRIST-HIGH.    Violent.    YorJksh. 

BRISTLE-TAIL.    A  gadfly.   North. 

BRIT.  To  indent ;  to  bruise.  West,  It  is  also 
another  form  of  brute. 

BRITAIN-CROWN.  A.  gold  coin,  worth  about 
five  shillings.  See  Snelling's  Coins,  p.  24. 

BRITH.    Wrafch ;  contention. 

BRITONNER.    A  swaggerer.    Skinner. 

BR1TTENE.  To  cut  up  ;  to  carve ;  to  break,  or 
divide  into  fragments.  (A.-S.)  Used  in  the 
North,  according  to  Kennett's  Glossary,  p.  33. 
SRC  Langtoft,  p.  244 ;  Robson's  Romances, 
p.  64  ;  Illust.  of  Fairy  Mythology,  p.  67. 

Wenez  thow  to  brittene  hyra  with  thy  brande  ryche. 
Morte  Arthwe,  MS.  Lincoln,  f.  63. 

BRITTLING.    The  slow-worm. 

BRIZE.    A  gadfly. 

BRO.    Brow ;  brink. 

BROACH.  (1)  A  spit.  Also  a  verb,  to  spit  or 
transfix,  as  in  MS.  Morte  Arthure,  f.  65.  Ken- 
nett  says,  "  in  Yorkshire  they  call  a  scewer  or 
any  sharp  pointed  stick  a  firoche.  as  also  the 
spindle  stick  whereon  the  thread  or  yarn  is 
wound."  The  term  is  applied  to  a  larding-pin 
in  Warner's  Antiq.  Culin.  p.  43.  Broche- 
turners,  lads  who  turned  the  spit,  ib.  p,  97. 
Cf.  Tundale,  p.  13. 

(2)  A  steeple.    North.    The  term  is  now  nearly 
obsolete,    A  pyramidical  spire  is  still  called  a 
broach-steeple,  a  phrase  which  occurs  in  the 
Optick  Glasse  of  Humors,  1639,  p.  41. 

(3)  A  taper ;  a  torch.    See  Piers  Ploughman, 
p.  362 ;  Anturs  of  Arth.  xxxv.  9. 

(4)  An  irregular  growing  of  a  tooth.   Topsell's 
Foure-footed  Beasts,  pp.  159,  331.    Phillips 
has  drochity,  a  crookedness,  especially  of  the 
teeth. 

(5)  A  kind  of  buckle  or  clasp  ;  a  breast-pin ;  a 
sort  of  jewel  or  ornament ;  an  ornamental  pin 
or  loop.   See  Kyng  Alisaunder,  6842  ;  Richard 
Coer  de  Lion,  2067,    The  term  is  also  used 
metaphorically  for  ornament 

f 6)  To  deflower.    Miege. 

(7)  According  to  Polwhele,  a  sharply  pointed 
stick  to  thrust  into  mows  of  corn.    A  rod  of 
willow  or  hazle  used  by  thatchers  is  so  called. 
Var.  dial 

(8)  A  spur.   Also  a  verb,  to  spur.  "  Ther  stedes 
brooked  thei  fast,"  Langtoft,  p.  277. 

)  To  shape  stones  roughly.    North. 

0)  A  fishing-hook.  Prompt  Parv. 
BROAD.  A  large  flooded  fen.  East. 
BROAD-ARROW.  An  arrow  with  a  very  large 

head,  and  forked. 
BROAD-BAND.    Corn  laid  out  in  the  sheaf  on 

the  band,  and  spread  out  to  dry  after  rain. 

North. 

BRO  AD-BE  ST.    The  best  suit  of  apparel.  East. 
BROAD-CAST.  Corn  sown  by  the  hand  and  not 

drilled.    South. 
BROAD-HEADS.    The  heads  of  broad-arrows, 

used  for  shooting. 
BROAD-SET.    Short  and  thick.     The  term  is 

applied  to  cloth  in  Strutt,  ii.  94. 
SROAK.    To  belch.    East. 


BRO  AN.    A  faggot.     North. 

BROB.     To  prick  with  a  bodkin.     North. 

BROBILLANDE.    Weltering. 

Many  a  balde  manne  laye  ihere  swykede, 
Sj-obillande  in  his  blode.  MS.  Lincoln  A.  i.  17,  f.  115. 

BROC.    A  rupture. 

BROCAGE.  A  treaty  by  a  broker  or  agent. 
(A.-N.}  See  Piers  Ploughman,  pp.  33,  289  ; 
Reliq.  Antiq.  ii.  239. 

BROCALE.    Broken  victuals.    Pr.  Parv. 

BRO  CHE.    See  Broach. 

BROCKET.  A  brocket,  q.  v.  See  Hawkins1 
Engl.  Dram.  iii.  238. 

BROCHT.    Brought. 

BROCK,  (1)  A  badger.  It  is  the  translation  of 
carter  in  MS.  Coll.  Jes.  Oxon.  28,  so  that  it 
was  probably  also  applied  to  a  beaver.  "  Taxus, 
a  brokke,"  Reliq.  Antiq.  i.  7.  Cf.  Mirror  for 
Magistrates,  p.  119 ;  Reliq.  Antiq.  ii.  79,  83 ; 
Ywaine  and  Gawin,  98  ;  Dial.  Creat.  Moral, 
p.  260j  Hers  Ploughman,  p.  119.  It  is  also 
a  term  of  contempt,  as  in  Peele's  Jests,  p.  22. 

(2)  A  cabbage.    North. 

(3)  A  piece  or  fragment.     West. 

(4)  A  cow  or  husbandry  horse.   North.   Brock- 
ing  mongrel,  a  vicious  jade. 

(5)  The  insect  that  produces  the  froth  called 
cuckoo-spittle.     Var.  dial 

(6)  A  brocket,  q.  v.    Florio  has,  "  Ceroiatto,  a 
brocke  or  a  staggard." 

BKOCKE.    To  brook ;  to  enjoy. 
BROCKET.    According  to  Twici,  Reliq.  Antiq. 
i,  151,  and  Harrison,  Description  of  England, 
p.  226,  a  stag  in  its  second  year,  but  Blome, 
ii.  75,  says  the  name  is  given  to  a  stag  in  its 
third  year,  which  agrees  with  the  Maystre  of 
the  Game,  MS.  Bodl.  546. 
BROCKLE.    Brittle.     North.     It  is  found  in 
Huloet,  1552,  and  is  also  applied  to  cattle  apt 
to  break  through  a  field. 
BROCOUR.    A  seller  or  broker.     (A.-N.) 
With  avarice  usur£  I  syje, 
With  his  brocouris  that  renne  aboute. 

Cower,  MS.  Soc.  Antiq.  134,  f.  154. 

BRODDLE.    To  make  holes.    North. 

BRODE.  To  prick.  North.  Florio  mentions 
a  kind  of  nail  so  called,  ed.  1611,  p.  68,  which 
may  be  the  same  with  brodyke  in  Ashmole's 
Theat.  Chem.  Brit.  p.  132. 

BRODEKINS.  Buskins  or  half-boots,  similar 
to  what  were  afterwards  called  startups,  and 
generally  worn  by  rustics.  (Fr.) 

BRODEL.  A  brothel.  Harrison's  Descr.  of  Eng- 
land, p.  216.  Also  a  term  of  abuse. 

BRODELYCHE.     Strong;  furious. 

BRODID.    Spread. 

BRODS.    Money.    Line. 

BROERH.    Tractable.    (A.-S.) 

BROG.  (1)  A  swampy  or  bushy  place.  North. 

(2)  To  crop.     YorJcsh. 

(3)  To  brog;  a  method  of  catching  eels  with  orogs 
or  small  sticks,  which  is  called  brogging.  North. 

(4)  A  trick.    East. 

BROGGER.  A  badger  who  deals  in  corn.  See 
Holinshecl,  iii.  1588." 


BRO 


213 


ERO 


BROGUES.  (1)  Coarse  shoes.    SAa£.     Accord- 
ing to  Kennett,  "  a  sort  of  shoe  made  of  the 
rough  hide  of  any  beast,  commonly  used  by 
the  wilder  Irish."     See  Holinshed,   Chron, 
Ireland,  p.  160. 
(2)  Breeches.     Suffolk. 
BROIDED.     Braided ;  woven.     (A.-N.) 
BROIDEN.    Interwoven  ? 

Lond  of  lif ,  of  roo  and  rest, 
With  blis  and  bote  In-oiden  best. 

Cursor  Mundi,  MS.  Coll.  Trin.  Cantab,  f.  7. 

BROK.  The  name  of  an  inferior  horse,  men- 
tioned by  Chaucer,  Cant.  T.  7125,  and  said  by 
Brand  to  be  still  in  use,  i.  293.  Kennett  says, 
"  hence  the  name  of  brockman  in  Kent,  i.  e. 
horseman."  See  Brock  (4).  "  BroJc,  an  old 
sword,"  Ash, 

BKOKALY.    Broken  victuals. 

BROKDOL.     Brittle.     Prompt.  Parv. 

BROKE.  (1)  To  deal  or  transact  a  business, 
particularly  of  an  amorous  nature ;  to  act  as  a 
procurer.  Nares. 

(2)  A  breach.     Becon.    Hence  a  misdeed,  or 
crime. 

(3)  A  brook.     (A-S.} 

(4)  To  keep  safe.     Skinner. 

(5)  A  rupture.     Kent. 

(6)  Sheep  are  said  to  broke  when  lying  under  a 
broken  bank.     North. 

BROKE-BAKKYDE.   Crookbacked.   Pr.Parv. 

BROKELEAK.     The  water-dock. 

BROKELETTES.     Fragments. 

BROKELL.  Rubbish.  Huloet.  Brokle,  brittle, 
Elyot,  in  v.  Aloe. 

BROKEN.    A  brook.     Skinner. 

BROKEN-BEER.  Remnants  of  beer,  as  we 
now  say  broken  victuals.  Any  single  odd 
money,  according  to  Kennett,  is  called  broken 
money. 

BROKER,    A  pander  or  go-between. 

BROKET.  (1)  A  lark.  Norfhumt.  See  Pen- 
nant's Tour  in  Scotland,  1790,  i.  48. 

(2)  A  brook.    "  A  broket  to  the  sea"  is  men- 
tioned in  Lelandi  Itin.  iii.  18,  24,  132. 

(3)  A  torch  or  taper. 
BROKKING.     Throbbing;  quivering. 
BROKLEMBE.     The  herb   orpin.      It  is  the 

translation  of  fabaria  in  MS.  Sloane  5,  f.  5. 
Spelt  broklemp  in  Arch.  xxx.  405. 
BROL.    A  child  or  brat.     (A.-S.) 
BROLL.     Part ;  piece.     Coles. 
BROM.    The  bit  of  a  bridle.     North. 
BROMIDGHAM.  A  corruption  of  Birmingham. 
A  Bromidgham  groat,  a  spurious  fourpenny- 
piece.    A  person  neither  \Vhig  nor  Tory,  but 
between  both,  was  called  a  Bromidgham. 
BRONCHED.    Pierced. 
BRONDE.    (1)  A  sword;  a  club. 

Or  thou  passe  thorow  my  honde, 
And  Mordelay  my  gode  bronde. 

MS.  Cantab.  Ft.  il.  38,  f*  101. 
He  schulde  hym  dry  ve  to  grounde 
With  that  bronde  in  a  lytylle  stounde, 

1W.  f.  246. 

(2)  A  torch.     (^.-M) 
BROND'IRON.    A  s^rd,    Spenser, 


BRONDIT.      Branded;    burnt.      Huloet    has 

brondon  in  the  same  sense. 
BRONE.     Brown. 
BRONG.     Brought.     North. 
BRONNYN.     Burn,  destroy,  pi. 
BROls  STROP.     A  prostitute. 
BROO.    (1)  Brother.     North. 
(2}  The  top  of  anything. 

Tak  a  knyfe,  and  schere  it  smal,  the  rute  and  alle, 

and  set  he  it  in  water ;  take  the  bn>o  of  that,  and  lat« 

it  go  thorow  a  clowte.     3/5.  Line.  Med.  f.  293. 
BROOCH.     See  Broach. 
BROO-CHIP.    A  person  of  the  same  trade,  or 

likeness.     North. 
BROOD.    To  cherish. 
BROOD-HEN-STAR.     A  star  mentioned  by 

Florio,  in  v.  Vergilie. 
BROODLE.     To  cuddle.     North. 
BROODY.     Sullen ;  ill-tempered.     Dorset. 
BROOK.     (1)  To  brook  up,  spoken  of  clouds 

when  they  draw  together,  and  threaten  raiu. 

South.    Tusser  uses  the  word. 

(2)  A  boil  or  abscess.    Line.    Given  by  Skin- 
ner, but  now  obsolete. 

(3)  To  keep  food  on  the  stomach;  to  digest. 
Palsgrave. 

BROOM-DASHER.  A  dealer  in  faggots,  brooms, 
&c.  Kent. 

BROOM-FIELD.  To  sweep  broom-field,  to  in- 
herit  the  whole  property;  to  get  possession  of 
the  whole  of  anything.  East. 

BROOM-GROVES.  A  passage  in  the  Tempest, 
iv.  1,  has  occasioned  some  difficulty,  on  ac- 
count of  a  mention  of  the  shadow  of  a  broom- 
grove.  It  appears  from  Prompt.  Parv.  p.  53, 
that  the  term  brome  was  also  applied  to  the 
tamarisk ;  but  there  is  no  necessity  for  sup- 
posing that  to  be  the  tree  alluded  to  by 
Shakespeare.  See  Gerard,  p.  1132;  Two 
Lancashire  Lovers,  1640,  p.  222.  That  one 
species  of  broom  would  afford  shade  is  appa- 
rent from  the  following  passage : 
In  a  bromfeld  ther  wer  hidde 
Thre  hundred  Sarrazins  -wele  y-schridde. 

Gy  of  Warwi ke,  p.  292. 

BROOMSTAFF.  The  handle  of  a  broom.  Henry 

VIII.  v.  3. 
BROSE.    To  bruise. 

Ther  were  menne  brayned  and  brosed  to  the  deth. 

MS.  Cott.  Culig.  A.  li.  f,  117. 

BROSELEY.     A  pipe,  so  called  from  a  place 

in  Shropshire  famous  for  their  manufacture. 
BROSE  WORT.     Henbane.     It  is  translated  by 
simphoniata  in  MS.  Sloane  5,  f.  9.     Gerard 
has  it  in  his  supplement,  but  according  to  him 
it  is  the  consolida  minor. 
B ROSIER.     A  bankrupt.     Chesh. 
BROSSHING.     Gathering  sticks  or  bushes. 
BROSTEN.     Burst    North. 

Stones  brosten,  the  erth  schoke, 
And  dede  folk  ganne  awake. 

MS.  Aahmole  41,  f.  134. 

BROTCHET.  A  thin  liquor  made  from  the  last 

squeezings  of  a  honey-comb.     North. 
BROTEL.    Brittle ;  unsteady.     (jf.-S.) 


BBO 


214 


Bill! 


BROT-GROUXb.    Ground  newly  broken  np, 

Westmoreland. 
BROTH.     Pottage.     North.     Often  a  plural 

noun,  a  few  broth.    A  "  broth  of  a  boy,"  an 

excellent  fellow. 

BROTH-BELLY.    A  glutton.     North. 
BROTHE.     (1)  Enraged.    Brothefulle,  angry 

violent,  Langtoft,  p.  55. 
(-2)  Abroad.    North. 
BROTHEL.     A  wretch;  a  worthless  person, 

(A.-S.)    See  Bretheling.   The  term  was  often 

applied  to  a  harlot,  especially  by  later  writers 

Elyot  translates   meretrijc,   tl  an   harlot,    s 

urathel"  and  the  word  also  occurs  in  Skelton 

and  Piers  Ploughman. 
BROTHERED.    Embroidered. 
BROTHERHED.    Brotherly  affection.   (A.-S. 
BROTHER-IN-LAW.    A  half-brother.    East. 
BROTHER-LAW.    A  brother-in-law.     West. 
BROTHERWORT.    Pennyroyal. 
BROTHLY,    Angrily ;  violently.     See  Brothe 

and  Sir  Perceval,  2123. 

4.nd  than  the  Bretons  Irothefy  enbrasscz  theire  scheldez 

Murte  Arthurs,  MS.  Lincoln,  f.  71 

BROTHY.    Hard;  stiff.    (^.-£) 

BROTTS.    Fragments ;  droppings.     North. 

BROUD.    A  forehead.     West. 

BROUDER.    Embroidery. 

BROUGH,    A  kind  of  halo.    North. 

BROUGH-WHAM.  According  to  Kennett,  a 
dish  made  of  cheese,  eggs,  clap-bread,  anc 
butter,  boiled  together.  Lane.  Brockett 
writes  it  JBrouffhton,  and  says  it  is  an  olc 
Northumbrian  dish,  composed  of  two  cakes, 
with  thin  slices  of  cheese  in  the  middle. 

BROUKE.    To  use ;  to  enjoy.    (.£-£) 

Take  Mr  here  and  brouJce  hir  wel, 
Of  thin  wol  I  never  a  del 

Cursor  Jtfundi,  HIS.  Coll.  Trin.  Cantab,  f.  16. 

BROUS.    Brows ;  foreheads. 

Come  fcndes  fele  with  lothely  brous, 
And  fylcten  ful  alle  the  hous. 

MS.  Sari.  1/01,  f.  53. 
BROUSE.    Brushwood.    West. 
BROUSTE.    Nourished. 
BROUT.    A  moment  of  time. 
BROUTH.    Brought. 
BROW.  (1)  Brittle.     Wilts. 
(2)  Saucy  ;  pert.    North. 
BROWDED.    Embroidered.    (A.-N.) 
Hath  on  her  tapites  sondrt-  hewes  sene 
Of  freash  floures  that  so  welle  bromied  bene. 

MS.  Cantab.  Ff,  i.  6,  f.  11. 
BROWDEN.    Anxious  for ;  attached  to.    Also, 

vain,  conceited.    North. 
BROWDENE.     Broad ;  extended.     (.!,£.) 
BROWEN.    Browed. 
BROWING.    Soup ;  pottage. 
BROWN-BILL.    The  bill,  an  ancient  weapon  of 

the  English  soldiery. 

BROWN-CLOCK.    The  cockchafer.    North. 
BROWN-CROPS.    Pulse.     Gloue 
BROWN-DAY.    A  gloomy  day.     Wilts 
BROWN-DEEP.     Lost  in" reflection.    Kent. 
BROWN-GEORGE.    A  coarse  kind  of  bread; 
also,  a  large  earthen  pitcher. 


BROWNISTS.  A  sect  founded  by  Robert  Brown 
of  Rutlandshire,  temp.  Elizabeth,  and  violently 
opposed  to  the  Church  of  England.  They  are 
alluded  to  by  Shakespeare  and  most  writers  of 
his  time. 

BROWN-LEEMERS.   Ripe  brown  nuts.  Called 
also  IrownsJiullers.    The  term  is  figuratively 
applied  to  generous  persons,     North. 
BROWSAGE.    Browsing. 
BROW-SQUARE.    A  triangular  piece  of  linen, 
usually  bound  about  the  head  of  an  infant  just 
born.     West. 

BROWYLLINGE.     Broiling.     See  a  curious 
drawing  of  Indians  browy Hinge  their  fish  in 
MS.  Sloane  1622,  f,  83.     Broylly,  broiled, 
Maundevile,  p.  107. 
BROYLERY.    A  tumult. 
BRUCE.    Pottage. 

BRUCHE.   A  brook.  Reliq.Antiq.  ii.  272,277. 
Also,  a  broach,  as  in  the  MS.  Morte  Arthure. 
BRUCK.    A  field-cricket.    North. 
BRUCKELED.  Wet  and  dirty;  begrimed.  East. 
Herrick  has  the  word,  i.  126.  Keunett,  p.  137, 
says  "  to  brookle  or  brukle  in  the  North  is  to 
make  wet  and  dirty." 
BRUDLE.  To  suffer  a  child  to  He  till  he  is  fully 

awake.     Devon. 
BRUE.    To  embrue. 

BRUET.  A  kind  of  thick  pottage.  SeeTowne- 
ley  Myst.  p.  43 ;  Ordinances  and  Regulations, 
p.  446 ;  Reliq.  Antiq.  ii.  30. 
BRUIT.  (1)  Hearty;  jolly;  healthy;  proud; 
elated.  Also,  rough  in  manners.  Also,  to  go 
to  Iruff,  the  same  as  brim,  applied  to  a  sow. 
Var.  dial. 

(2)  Brittle.    Dorset. 
BRUGG.    Abridge.    (A.-S.) 
BRUIT.    A  rumour  or  report.    See  Heywood's 

Iron  Age,  sig.  C.  iii. ;  Elyot,  in  v.  Ascribo. 
BRUITIST.    A  brute.    See  Heywood's  Royall 

King  and  Loyall  Subject,  1637,  sig.  F.  iii. 
BRULLIMENT.    A  broil.    North. 
BRUMBLE-GELDER.    A  farmer.    East. 
BRUMMELL.    A  bramble.    Hants. 
BRUMMOCK.    A  kind  of  knife.    Salop. 
BRUMP.    To  lop  trees  in  the  night  surrep- 
titiously.   East. 
BRUMSTONY.    Brimstone. 
BRUN.    To  burn.    North. 
BRUNE.    Brown.    (A.-S.) 
BRUNGEON.    A  brat ;  a  poor  child.    Kent. 
BRUNSWICK.    A  kind  of  dance. 
BRUNSWYNE.    A  seal.  Pr.  Parv,  It  is  trans  - 
lated  by  foca,  suillus,  and  delpMnus.  Ducange, 
in  v.  Foca,  says  it  is  the  boca,  a  fish  for  which 
Elyot  could  not  find  a  name  in  English,  in  v. 
Bocas. 

BRUNT.    Sharp  to  the  taste.    North. 
BRUNTE.   To  make  a  start ;  to  leap. 
BRURE.    Brushwood.     West. 
BRUSELL.    To  bruise,  or  break. 
BRUSH.  (1)  Stubble.    Staff. 
(2)  To  splash  hedges.     Jorksh. 
'3)  A  nosegay.    Devon. 
4)  The  tail  of  a  fox. 


BRY  215 


BUG 


(5)  To  jump  quickly.     Var.  dial 
BRUSHALY.    A  bush  or  branch  of  a  tree. 
BRUSLERY.    A  tumult. 
BRUSS.  (1)  Proud ;  upstart.    Sussex. 
(2)  The  dry  spine  of  furze  broken  off.    Devon. 
BRUSSCHET.    A  bush,  or  thicket. 
And  in  that  iJke  brusschet  by 
Five  thousant  of  othre  and  more. 

MS.  Ashmole  33,  f.  10. 

BRUST.  (1)  A  bristle.    Ellis,  ii.  311.     Hence 
rough,  or  covered  with  bristles,  as  in  Wright's 
Pol.  Songs,  p.  151. 
(2)  To  burst.     North. 

BRUSTING-SATURDAY.  The  Saturday  before 
Shrove-Tuesday,  on  which  day  there  is  eaten 
frying-pan  pudding,  made  of  the  same  material 
as  a  pancake,  but  stirred  up  and  thick,  and 
breaking  into  crumbly  pieces.  Line. 
BRUSTLE.  To  crackle,  to  make  a  noise  like 
straw  or  small  wood  in  burning;  to  rustle. 
Also,  to  parch.  East. 

And  March  that  all  doth  parch, 

And  brustleth  all  aboute, 
Joth  dry  the  waies  that  winter  wetes, 
And  dost  doth  fill  the  route. 

MS.  Ashmole  384,  f.  188. 
BRUSY.    Begone!    Beds. 
BRUTE.  Rough.  Drayton  has  this  word,  p.  21, 

and  it  occurs  in  Robert  of  Gloucester. 
BRUTEL.    Brittle.    MS.  Bodl.  294,  reads  Iritel 
in  the  following  passage. 

The  worlde  is  passed  and  agone, 
And  nowe  upon  his  olde  tone 
It  stant  of  brutel  erthe  and  stele, 
The  whiehe  acorden  never  a  dele. 

Cower,  ed.  1532,  f.  6. 

BRUTS.    Old  clothes.    North. 
BRUTTE.    To  browse.    South. 
BRUTTLE.    Furious  ;  wild.     Var.  dial. 
BRUYSE.    Brewis.    Hutoet. 
BRUZZ.    To -blunt.    Yorl-sh. 
BRUZZLED.    Over-roasted.    North. 
BRWKE.    To  brook,  or  enjoy. 

No  gyfte  ne  grace,  nother  thare  gase, 

Bot  brwke  as  we  hafe  broghte. 

MS.  Lincoln  A.  i.  17,  f.  2ia 

BRY.    A  kind  of  tart. 

BRYARY.    A  place  where  briars  grow.  Haloet. 

BRYBRE.    Robbery. 

BRYCHE.    Low. 

Now  ys  Pers  bycome  Iryclie, 

That  er  was  bothe  stoute  and  ryche. 

MS.  Hart.  17W,  f.  39. 
BRYDE.    Bowed ;  broke. 
BRYGAUNTYS.    Robbers. 
BRYGOUS.     Quarrelsome ;  contentious. 
BRYLLYNE.    See  Birle. 
BRYMEUS.    An  ancient  dish,  described  in  the 

Forme  of  Cury,  p,  96.    It  is  spelt  Iryneux  in 

MS.  Sloane  1201,  f.  23. 
BRYMLENT.    A  kind  of  tart. 
BRYMLYCHE,    Fierce. 
BRYN.    Brains,  way,  path,  passage,  journey. 

ffearne. 

BRYNE.    Brows  or  bristles. 
BRYNKE.    To  bring. 
BRYNNYS.    Bourns ;  btreams. 


BRYON.    Wild  nepte. 
BRYSTE.     Need;  want. 

Lord,  when  saghe  we  the  have  hunger  or  thryste, 
Or  of  herber  have  grette  bryste. 

MS.  Coll.  Sion.  xviii,  6. 
BRYSWORT.     The  less  daisy. 
BRYTTYNE.       See  Brittene.    Bryttle,  to  cut 
up  venison,  still  used  in  the  North. 

To  bryttyne  the  bare  thay  went  fulle  tite  ; 
Thar  wolde  BO  knyves  in  hym  bytte, 
So  hard  of  hyde  was  he. 

MS.  Lincoln  A.  i.  17,  f.  HI. 
BRYVE.    Brief. 
BU.  (1)  An  ox.     (A.-N.) 
(2)  To  bend.     North. 

BUB.  Liquor.  Var.  dial.  Hence  luller,  a 
great  drinker  or  bibber,  as  in  Middleton's 
Works,  iv.  121. 

BUBALLE.    An  ox.    See  Liber  Niger  Domus 
Regis  Edw.  IV.  p.  17.    "  Bulalust  a  wod  or 
zdufyl,"  MS.  Harl.  1738,  f.  10. 
BUBBLE.  (1)  A  simple  fellow. 

(2)  To  cheat.    Var.  dial 

(3)  To  dabble  in  the  water. 
BUBBLE-AND-SQUEAK.    A  dish  composed 

of  fried  beef  and  cabbage. 

BUBBLE-HOLE,  A  child's  game.  There  is 
also  a  game  called  Bubble  the  Justice,  which, 
according  to  some,  is  the  same  with  nine-holes. 

BUBBLY-JOCK.    A  turkey-cock.     North. 

BUB-STICHALL.     See  SttchalL 

BUBUKLE.    A  botch  or  imposthume.  (Lat.} 

BUCHT.  A  milking  or  herding  place  for  sheep. 
Northuffib. 

BUCK.  (1)  To  wash.  Also,  a  quantity  of  linen 
washed  at  once,  a  tub  full  of  linen  in  buck. 
Hence,  to  wash  a  buck,  to  wash  a  tub  of  that 
kind,  a  phrase  punned  upon  by  Shakespeare, 
and  has  been  misunderstood.  "  Buck-ashes, 
the  ashes  whereof  lye  hath  bin  made,"  Cot- 
grave,  in  v.  Cham^e.  Buck-basket,  the  basket 
in  which  linen  is  carried.  JSouc&fatt,  Unton 
Inventories,  p.  28,  a  washing-tub.  JBufcked, 
drenched,  applied  generally  by  Fabian.  "  Bu~ 
cdto,  washt  in  a  buck,"  Florio. 

(2)  A  gay  or  fashionable  person.   "  As  merry  as 
a  buck,"    BUlingsly's    Brachy-Martyrologia, 
1657,  p.  187. 

And  of  these  berded  bucltys  also, 
With  hemself  they  inoche  mysdo. 

MS.  Harl,  1701,  f.  22. 

(3)  The  body  of  a  waggon.    East.    Also,  the 
iron  to  which  the  horses  are  tied. 

To  spring  with  agility.    East. 
:5)  The  breast.     Sussex. 

(6)  To  swell  out.    Somerset. 

(7)  To  fill  a  basket.    Kent. 

(8)  To  beat.     Yortoh. 

BUCK-BUCK.  A  child's  game,  perhaps  more 
generally  known  as,  "  buck,  buck,  how  many 
horns  do  I  hold  up  ?n  There  is  also  another 
game,  called  buck-in-the-park. 

BUCKE.    A  book. 

BUCKED.    Rancid ;  turned  sour.     West. 

BUCKER.  (1)  A  bent  piece  of  wood,  especially 
thai  on  wbifch  a  slaughtered  animal  is  sus« 


216 


BUG 


pciided.  Hence  the  phrase,  "  as  bent  as  a 
bucker."  The  term  is  also  applied  to  a  horse's 
hind  leg.  Suffolk. 

(2)  A  flatbroad-headed  hammer,  used  in  raining. 

BUC.KEUDO.     Bocardo.    Brit.  Bibl.  iv.  203. 

BUCKERELS.  "  A  kind  of  play  used  by  boys 
in  London  streets  in  H.  8  time,  now  disused, 
and  I  think  forgot,"  Bloimt's  Glossographia, 
p.  05.  Hall  mentions  this  game,  Henry  VIII. 
f.  61, 

BUCKET.    A  pulley.    North. 

BUCKETS.  Square  pieces  of  boggy  earth, 
below  the  surface.  Yorfoh. 

BUCKHEAD.    To  lop.     Var.  dial 

BUCKHORN.    Dried  haddock. 

BUCKLE.  (1)  To  bend,  or  yield  to  pressure.  It 
occurs  in  this  sense  in  2  Henry  IV.  i.  1,  and 
the  commentators  do  not  supply  another  ex- 
ample. "  Ninepences  a  little  buckled,"  i.  e. 
bent,  Thorns'  Anecdotes  and  Traditions,  p.  54. 

(2)  To  quarrel.    Somerset. 

(3)  To  marry.     Var.  dial.    "  Good  silly  Stellio, 
we  must  buckle  shortly,"  Mother  Bombie. 

BUCKLE-HORNS.  Short  crooked  horns,  turn- 
ing horizontally  inward.  Yorksh. 

BUCKLE-MOUTHED.  Having  large  straggling 
teeth.  North. 

BUCKLER.  (1)  To  defend.    ShaJc. 

(2)  A  great  beam.     Line. 

BUCKSOME.    Blithe ;  jolly.    South. 

BUCKSTALL.  A  net  for  catching  deer.  See 
Hall,  Henry  VI.  f.  99. 

BUCKSTICK.  A  stick  used  in  the  game  of 
Spell  and  Ore. 

BUCKWASHER.    A  laundress. 

BUCK-WEEL.    A  bow-net  for  fish. 

BUD.  (1)  To  make,  or  compel.    North. 

(2)  A  calf  of  the  first  year. 

(3)  Behoved.    Ritson. 
BUD-BIRD.    The  bullfinch.     West. 
BUDDLE.  (1)  The  corn  marygold.     East.    It 

occurs  in  an  early  list  of  plants,  MS.  Sloane  5, 
f.  6,  spelt  budel 
f2}  To  suffocate.    Somerset. 

(3)  To  cleanse  ore.    North.    A  vessel  made  for 
this  purpose,  like  a  shallow  tumbrel,  is  called 
a  buddle.  See  Ray's  English  Words,  ed.  1674, 
p.  116. 

BUDDLE0.    Tipsy.     Devon. 

BUDD  Y-BUD.  The  flower  of  the  burr,  or  bur- 
dock. North. 

BUDE.    Endured.    North. 

BUDEL.    A  beadle. 

BUi>GE.  (1)  Lambskin  with  the  wool  dressed 
outwards ;  often  worn  on  the  edges  of  capes, 
as  gowns  of  Bachelors  of  Arts  are  still  made. 
See  Fairholt's  Pageants,  i.  66 ;  Strutt,  ii.  102  ; 
Thy ime's  Debate,  p.  32 ;  Pierce  Penniless,  p.  11. 

^2)  Brisk  ;  jocund.     South. 

f3)  Stiff  j  dull.     Sussex. 

(4 )  A  bag  or  sack.     Kennett. 

(5)  A  kind  of  water-cask.    South. 
'6)  To  abridge,  or  lessen.    North. 
7)  A  thief. 

;UDPICKER.    The  bullfinch.    Devon. 


BUB.    Fair,    (A.-N.} 
BUEINGS.     Joints.     Devon. 
BUEN.    To  be.    (4.-SJ 
BUER.    A  gnat.     North. 
BUESS.    A  stall,  or  station.    North. 
BUF.     Beef.     Warner. 
BUFARIOUS.     Mendacious.    Junius. 
BUFF.    (1)  To  rebound.     Warw. 

(2)  To  emit  a  dull  sound.     IVarw. 

(3)  To  stammer.    Herefordsh. 

(4)  The  bare  skin.     Var.  dial 

(5)  The  bough  of  a  tree.    North. 

(6)  A  tuft  or  hassock.     Kent. 

(7)  To  beat  or  strike.  Spenser  uses  it  for  buffet. 

(8)  To  boast.     See  a  list  of  old  words  in  Bat- 
man uppon  Bartholome,  1582. 

BUFFARD.  A  foolish  fellow.  (A.-N.)  See 
Lydgate's  Minor  Poems,  p.  32.  Buffer  is  still 
in  use  in  the  same  sense. 

BUFFE.  A  buffalo.  See  Topsell's  Beasts,  p.  55 ; 
Hollyband,  in  v.  Bufle;  Florio,  in  v.  Buffalo} 
Brit.  Bibl.  i.  478. 

BUFFET.     A  kind  of  cupboard.    (Fr.) 

BUFFET-STOOL.  A  kind  of  small  stool,  va- 
riously described.  The  term  was  at  an  early 
period  applied  to  one  having  three  legs.  See 
Prompt.  Parv.  p.  41,  "  Go  fetche  us  a  light 
buffit"  Towneley  Myst.  p.  199.  There  is  a 
saying  in  Suffolk,  "  a  dead  ass  and  a  new 
buffet-stool  are  two  things  which  nobody  ever 
saw." 

BUFFIE.    A  vent-hole  in  a  cask. 

BUFFIN.  A  kind  of  coarse  cloth.  See  Strutt, 
ii.  95 ;  Book  of  Rates,  p.  29.  Certainly  not 
buff  leather,  as  Nares  conjectures. 

BUFFING-KNIFE.  A  knife  used  in  scraping 
leather.  Var.  dial. 

BUFF-JERKIN.  A  leathern  waistcoat,  one 
made  of  buff.  Not  an  unusual  garment.  See 
Thynne's  Debate,  p.  31 ;  Nares,  in  v. 

BUFFLE.  (1)  To  handle  clumsily;  to  speak 
thick  and  inarticulately.  East. 

(2)  A  buffalo.  See  Harrison's  Description  of 
England,  pp.  3,  201. 

BUFFLE-HEADED.     Stupid.    Miege. 

BUFF-NE-BAFF.  Neither  one  thing  nor  an- 
other; nothing  at  all.  Nares.  Jamieson 
mentions  the  similar  phrase,  buff  nor  stye. 

BUFT.    The  joint  of  the  knee.    North. 

BUG.  (1)  A  bugbear;  a  goblin.  See  Beau- 
mont and  Fletcher,  i.  217;  Donee's  Illus- 
trations, i.  328 ;  Malone's  Shakespeare,  xviii. 
519 ;  Holinshed,  Chron.  Ireland,  p.  85 ;  More 
Knaves  Yet,  1612. 

(2)  Proud ;  conceited.    *'  Bug  as  a  lord."    This 
seems  to  be  the  meaning  in  Skinner.    "  To 
take  bug,"  to  take  fright  or  offence. 

(3)  To  bend.    Kent. 

BUGABO.  A  bugbear;  a  ghost.  West.  Ac- 
cording to  Coles,  the  term  was  formerly  ap- 
plied to  "  an  ugly  wide-mouthed  picture," 
carried  about  at  the  May  games. 

BUGAN.    The  devil.     West. 

B UGASIN.    Calico  buckram. 

BUGE.    To  bend;    (A.-S."\ 


BUL 


217 


BUL 


Elde  unhende  is  he  ; 
He  chaungeth  al  my  ble, 

Ant  bitgeth  me  to  grounde.     Rehq.  Antiq.  L  122. 
BUGGEN.   To  buy.  (A.-S.}   See  Piers  Plough- 
man, pp.  11,  70,  412;  Reliq.  Antiq.  i.  144; 
Wright's  Anec.  Lit.  pp.  9,  91. 

After  that  God  was  y-boro 
To  bugge  us  to  syne. 

MS.  Coll.  Trin.  Oxon.  ffj. 

BUGGER.    To  cheat  at  play. 

BUGLE.  A  buffalo.  See  Kyng  Alisaunder, 
5112 ;  Maundevile's  Travels,  p.  269 ;  Topsell's 
Beasts,  p.  54 ;  Kolinshed,  Hist.  Scotland,  p.  16. 
Hence  bugle-horn,  a  drinking-vessel  made  of 
horn ;  also,  a  hunting  horn. 

BUGLE-ROD.    The  crosier  of  a  bishop. 

BUGS-WORDS.  Fierce,  high-sounding  words. 
According  to  Miege,  paroles  pleines  de  fiertt. 
"  Cheval  de  trompette,  one  thats  not  afraid 
of  shadowes,  one  whom  no  big,  nor  lugs  words 
can  terrific,"  Cotgrave.  See  also  the  same 
dictionary,  in  v.  Faire;  Beaumont  and  Fletcher, 
i.  297,  vii.  118;  Ford,  ii.  65. 

BUGY.    Rough. 

BUILD,    Built.    Leland. 

BUILLEN.    ToboiL 

So  buillen  up  the  foule  sawis. 

Gower,  MS.  Soc.  Antiq.  134,  f.87. 

BUIST.    To  mark  sheep.    North. 

BUKE.    A  book. 

BUKENADE.  A  dish  in  ancient  cookery,  re- 
ceipts for  which  are  given  in  MS.  Sloane  1201, 
f.  22;  Forme  of  Cury,  pp.  17,  107,  109.  Cf. 
Ordinances  and  Regulations,  p.  450. 

BULBS.    The  tonsils  of  the  throat.    East. 

BULCH.  To  bilge  a  ship.  See  Holinshed, 
Chron.  Ireland,  p.  94. 

BULCH  IN.  A  bull-calf.  The  term  is  often  one 
of  contempt,  as  calf  is  still  used,  but  oc- 
casionally of  kindness.  Cf.  Hawkins'  Engl. 
Dram.  iii.  170;  Langtoffc,  p.  174;  Tusser, 
p.  81 ;  Middleton,  iii.  524.  Bulch,  Ford,  ii.  540. 
Bulcht,  attacked  by  a  bullock's  horns. 

BULDER-STONE.  A  smooth  round  stone.  See 
holders.  "  He  gripen  sone  a  bulder  ston," 
Havelok,  1790.  «  Rudus,  a  buldyrstone,"  MS. 
Bodl.  604,  f.  10. 

BULE.     (1)  A  boil  or  swelling. 

(2)  The  handle  of  a  pan,  &c.     North. 
BULGOOD.    Yeast.    East. 

BULK.  (1)  The  body.  Junius  says,  "  from 
the  neck  to  the  middle."  Also,  the  breast. 
See,  Florio,  in  v.  Epigastric,  where  the  last 
meaning  is  clearly  implied.  Cf.  Malone's 
Shakespeare,  vii.  262;  Middleton,  iii.  177, 
v.  509. 

'2)  The  bottom  part  of  a  ship.  See  Tyrwhitt's 
Chaucer,  iv.  335 ;  Florio,  in  v.  Alveo. 

(3)  The  stall  of  a  shop.    See  Collins'  Miscel- 
lanies,  1762,    p.  37;    King   and   a   Poore 
Northerne  Man,  1640  ;  Florio,  in  v.  Balcone. 
Hence,  bulker,  a  night  walker,  one  who  sleeps 
under  a  bench.  Skinner  gives  the  Lincolnshire 
word  bulkar,  a  beam.  The  front  of  a  butcher's 
shop  where  the  meat  is  laid  is  still  called  a 

that  county. 


(4)  To  strike ;  to  beat.  The  word  is  given  by 
Forby  in  the  sense  of,  to  ihrob. 

On  her  brc-stes,  gon  thei  bulk, 
And  uehone  to  her  in  to  sculk. 
Cursor  Kundi,  MS.  CoV.  Trm.  Cantab,  f.  113. 

BULKE.    To  belch.    (.£-&)    Also,  to  bow,  to 

bend.     Prompt.  Pan. 
BULL.  (1)  Strong.    Kenmtt. 

(2)  When  cattle  throw  up  the  hedges,  they  are 
said  in  Yorkshire  to  lull  them  up. 

(3)  An  instrument  used  for  beating  clay ;  a  sand- 
stone for  scythes.    North. 

BULLACE.  A  small  black  and  tartish  plum, 
growing  wild  in  some  parts  of  the  country, 
not  the  sloe*  It  must  not  be  confused  with 
the  common  plum  so  called.  The  provincial 
meaning  seems  to  be  intended  in  Cotton's 
Works,  1734,  p.  137;  and  Florio  has  bulloes 
in  the  same  sense,  in  v.  BulUi. 

BULLATE.    To  bubble  or  boil. 

BULLBEAR.    A  bugbear.    Harvey. 

BULL-BEGGAR.  A  hobgoblin ;  any  object  of 
terror.  See  Taylor's  Workes,  i.  147  ;  Dent's 
Pathway  to  Heaven,  p.  109 ;  Nomenclator, 
p.  469 ;  Middleton,  ii.  20 ;  Beaumont  and 
Fletcher,  vi.  80. 

BULLED.  (1)  Swollen.    Jonson. 

(2)  Said  of  a  cow  maris  appetens.  Bulling,  in 
Salop,  Antiq.  p.  341,  also  occurs  in  TopselTs 
Beasts,  p.  73. 

BULLEN.  The  stalks  of  hemp  after  they  are 
pilled.  Var.  dial. 

BULLER.  (1)  To  roar.    North. 

(2)  A  deceiver.    U-M) 

Thesefnte  es  offals  bullers> 

That  makes  thaina  or  with  "werke  weres. 

Hampole,  MS.  Botcesf  p.  7> 
The  sexte  casees  of  falsbvllers, 
Bath  that  tham  makes  and  that  tham  wers. 

MS.  Cott.  Vespas.  A,  iii.  f.  161. 

BULLERAND.    "Weltering. 

BULL-FACES.  Tufts  of  coarse  grass.  North. 
Called  also,  bull-fronts. 

BULL-FEIST.     A  puff-ball.    East. 

BULLFINCH.    A  stupid  fellow.    North. 

BULL-HEAD.    A  tadpole.     Chesh. 

BULL-HEADS.  The  curled  tufts  of  hair  on  the 
forehead  of  a  woman. 

BULLIES.    Round  pebbles.    South. 

BULLIMUNG.  A  mixture  of  oats,  peas,  and 
vetches.  See  Tusser's  Husbandry,  p.  38; 
TopselTs  Beasts,  p.  330. 

BULL-IN-THE-PARK.  A  child's  game,  per- 
haps the  same  as  frog-in-the-middle. 

BULLIONS.  Hooks  used  for  fastening  the  dress ; 
buttons ;  studs ;  embossed  ornaments  of  various 
kinds.  Elyot  translates  lulla,  "  a  bullion  sette 
fcn  the  cover  of  a  booke,  or  other  thynge ;" 
and  a  similar  explanation  in  v.  Umbilicus. 
"  Bullyon  in  a  womans  girdle,  e<?ow,"  Palsgrave. 
"  Bullions  and  ornaments  of  plate  engraven ; 
a  bullion  of  copper  set  on  bridles  or  poitrels 
for  an  ornament,"  Baret's  Alvearie,  1580. 
"  Bullions  for  purses/*  Book  of  Rates,  1675, 
p.  29.  Hence  the  term  came  to  be  used  for  a 


BUL 


218 


BUM 


pair  of  hose  or  doublets  ornamented  \\ith 

bullions. 

BULL-JUB.    The  fish  miller's-thumb.    Derby, 
BULL-JUMPINGS.  A  kind  of  porridge.  North. 
BULL-KNOB.     Same  as  bull-jub,  q.  v. 
BULL-NECK.     "  To  tumble  a  bull-neck,"  to 

place  the  hands  under  the  thighs,  and  the  head 

on  the  ground  between  the  feet,  and  tumble 

over.     Yorksh. 

BULLOCK.    To  bully.    North. 
BULLOCKS.     Any  fatting  cattle.     Norf.     A 

bullock  is,  properly  speaking,  a  calf  in  the  se- 

euiid  year. 
BULLS!    The  stems  of  hedge-thorns.    Also, 

transverse  bars  of  wood  into  which  the  heads 

of  harrows  are  set. 
BULLS-AND-COWS.    The  flower  of  the  arum 

maculatirm.     Var.  dial. 
BULL-SEG.    A  gelded  bull.    North. 
BULLS-EYES.    A  kind  of  coarse  sweetmeat. 
BULL'S-FEATHEIl.    To  stick  a  bull's-feather 

in  one's  cap,  to  make  him  a  cuckold. 

And  this  same  huffing  Ironside 
Stuck  a  lulft-ftxtther  in  his  cap. 

Colon's  Worts,  1734,  p.  234. 

BULL'S-FOREHEAD.  The  turfy  air-grass. 
North. 

BULL'S-NECK.    A  grudge.    Devon. 

BULL'S-NOON.    Midnight.    East. 

BULL'S-PINK.    A  chaffinch.     North. 

BULL-STANG.  A  dragon-fly.  North.  Also, 
an  upright  stake  in  a  hedge. 

BULL-STONE.    A  kind  of  sandstone.  Yorfoh. 

BULL-TROUT.  A  large  species  of  trout,  pecu- 
liar to  Northumberland. 

BULL-WEEK.  The  week  before  Christmas,  in 
which  the  work-people  at  Sheffield  push  their 
strength  to  the  utmost,  allowing  themselves 
scarcely  any  rest,  and  earning  more  than  usual 
to  prepare  for  the  rest  and  enjoyment  of 
Christmas. 

BULL-WORKS.     Boisterous  behaviour.    West. 

BULLY.  (1)  A  companion,  a  familiar  term  of 
address,  as  Bully  Jack,  Bully  Bob,  &c.,  for- 
merly in  very  common  use,  and  not  quite  ob- 
s#lete  in  the  provinces,  where  butty  is  perhaps 
now  more  generally  heard.  Bully-Bottom,  a 
term  applied  to  a  courtesan,  and  hence  an  equi- 
voque in  Mids.  Night's  Dream,  iii.  1,  iv.  2, 
which  has  escaped  the  observation  of  the  com- 
mentators. Cole  bus  some  remarks  on  this 
word  in  MS.  Addit.  5852.  p.  85. 

(2)  A  parlour,  or  small  room.    East. 

(3)  To  boil.     Arch.  xxx.  405. 
BULLYNE.    To  boil.     Prompt.  Part:. 
BULLING.     Swelling ;  bubbling.    Huloet. 
BULLY- ROCK.     Explained  by  Miege,  unfaux 

brave.  The  term  occurs  in  Shakespeare,  and 
is  also  spelt  bully-rook. 

BULSE.    A  bunch.     North. 

BULT.  (1)  Built ;  dwelt. 

(2)  A  sifting  cloth.  See  Orel,  and  Regulations, 
p.  103.  Also,  to  sift,  Hartshorne's  Met.  Tales, 
p.  47.  Btittingarfo,  the  tub  or  chest  in  w  hich 
the  operation  of  silting  was  performed.  /J ni- 


ter, a  bag  for  fine  meal,  Ord  and  Reg.  p.  70 
bulte-pooke  or  buktarre,  Prompt.  Parv.  p.  55* 

BULTLE.     Bran.    North. 

BULVER.     To  increase  in  bulk.    East. 

BULWARK.     A  rampart. 

BULWORKS.  Part  of  the  armour,  used  to  pre- 
vent the  thighs  of  the  wearer  from  being  chafed 
by  the  pieces  that  terminated  just  above  the 
knee.  Meyrick. 

BUM.  (1)  By  my.     West. 

(2)  To  strike ;  to  beat.     North. 

(3)  To  spin  a  top.     North.     Also,  to  rush  with 
a  murmuring  sound.    Any  humming  noise  is 
called  a  bum.    Cf.  Prompt.  Parv.  p.  55. 

(4)  To  dun.     Var.  dial 

(5)  A  bum-bailiff.     Var.  dial 

(6)  A  child's  term  for  drink.     See  Huloet  and 
Elyot,  in  v.  Bita.     Bummed,  drunk,  Piers 
Ploughman,  p.  90.    Coles  explains  bummed, 
tasted,  desired. 

BUMB.     The  game  of  bandy. 

BUMBARD.     Futuo.     North. 

BUMBARREL.     The  long-tailed  tit. 

BUMBASTE.     To  beat,  or  flog.     East. 

BUMBETH.     Sounds.     Skinner. 

BUMBLE.  (1)  To  muffle  a  bell.    East. 

(2)  To  make  a  humming  noise.    (A.-S.)   Hence 

bumble-bee,  a  humble  bee,   Beaumont  and 

Fletcher,  iv.   72 ;   bumbufation,   a  humming 

noise. 

'3)  A  small  round  stone.     West. 
;4)  A  confused  heap.     North. 
(5)  To  start  off  quickly.    East. 
BUMBLE-BROTH.    A  curious  term,  occurring 

in  Hawkins7  Engl.  Dram.  iii.  139. 
The  olde  woman  to  her  payne 
In  such  a  bumble-broth  had  layne. 

The  Unluchie  Finnentie. 

BUMBLE-FOOT.    A  thick  heavy  foot.    East. 

BUiMBLEKITES.     Blackberries.     North. 

BUMBLE-PUPPY.    The  game  of  nine-holes. 

BUMBLER.    A  humble  bee.     North. 

BUMBLES.  (1)  Rushes.     Line. 

(2)  A  kind  of  blinkers.     North. 

BUMBLE-STAFF.    A  thick  stick.     NortJi. 

BUM-BOAT.  A  boat  attending  ships  on  their 
cominginto  harbour,  to  retail  greens,  spirits,  &c. 

BUMB  Y.  (1)  By  and  bye.     Var.  dial 

(2)  Any  collection  of  stagnant  filth.  Also,  a 
closet  or  hole  for  lumber.  East. 

BUMBYNE.    To  hum.    Prompt.  Parv. 

BUMCARD.  A  card  used  by  dishonest  game- 
sters. See  Melton's  Sixe-Fold  Politician, 
1609,  p.  16;  Apollo  Shroving,  1G27,  p.  82; 
Northbrooke's  Treatise,  1577;  Florio,  ed.1611, 
p.  442. 

To  those  exployts  lie  ever  stands  prepar'd ; 
'A  villaine  excellent  at  a  bum-card. 

Rowlands'  Humors  Ordinarfe,  n.  d. 

BUMCLOCK.    A  beetle.     North. 

BUMFIDDLE.  A  term  readily  explained  by  its 
first  syllable.  See  Cotton's  Works,  1734, 
p.  227.  So  also,  bumfiddledumdick. 

BUMMER.    A  rumbling  carriage.     North, 

BUMA1LE.    To  blunder.     North. 

BUMP.  (1)  To  beat;  also,  a  blow* 


BUN 


219 


BUR 


(2)  To  ride,  without  rising  in  the  stirrups,  on  a 
rough  trotting  horse.     East. 

(3)  The  noise  a  bittern  makes  with  its  bill. 
Holme.     Also  to  make  that   noise,  Urry's 
Chaucer,  p.  83,    wrongly  explained  in  the 
glossary. 

BUMPING,  Large.  West.  Also,  a  mode  of 
punishment  in  schools. 

BUMPSY.    Tipsy.     See  Bungy. 

BUMPTIOUS.    Proud;  arrogant.     Var.  dial 

BUMPY.     Uneven.     Var.  dial 

BUM-ROLLS.  Stuffed  cushions,  worn  by  wo- 
men about  the  hips  to  make  the  petticoats 
swell  out,  answering  the  purpose  of  farthin- 
gales. 

BUN.  (1)  The  tail  of  a  hare.     North. 

(2)  A  dry  stalk.     Var.  dial 

(3)  A  rabbit.     Var.  dial 

(4)  Bound.    North.    See  Ywaine  and  Gawin, 
3179 ;  Towneley  Myst.  p.  36, 

(5)  A  term  of  endearment. 

BUNCH.  (1)  To  beat;  to  strike.  North.  See 
Piers  Ploughman,  p.  506  ;  Harrison's  Descrip- 
tion of  England,  p.  167.  To  bend  or  bow 
outwards,  Topsell's  Beasts,  p.  293.  '  Bunch,  a 
croopeback,  Florio,  in  v,  Gobbdto. 

2)  A  pack  of  cards. 

3)  A  worthless  woman.    East. 

4)  A  company  of  teal. 

5)  The  horn  of  a  young  stag.    See  Blome's 
Gent.  Rec.  ii.  79. 

BUNCH-BERRIES.  The  fruit  of  the  rubm 
saxatilis.  Craven. 

BUN-CROW.  A  kind  of  grey  bird  which  is  de- 
structive to  the  corn.  Kent. 

BUNCUS.  (1)   A  donkey.  Line. 

(2)  A  number  of  people.    East. 

BUNDATION.    Abundance.    West. 

BUNDEN.   Bound.   Langtoft,  p.  138.   Bundyn, 
bound,  married,  Ritson's  Anc.  Pop.  Poet.  p.  89. 
But  so  in  clowtes  than  was  he  wonden, 
And  laid  bitwene  the  bastes  bunden, 

MS.  Harl.  4196,  f.  13. 

BUNDLE.  (1)  A  low  woman.     Var.  dial 

(2)  To  set  off  in  a  hurry. 

BUNDS.    A  species  of  scabious. 

BUNE.    Promptly. 

That  was  the  byrde  so  bryghte  with  birdyne  $ode  bune, 
And  the  barne  alther-beste  of  body  scho  bare. 

MS.  Lincoln  A.  i.  17,  f.  231. 

BUN-FEAST.     A  tea-drinking.    Line. 

BUNG.  (1)  A  pick-pocket.  Also,  a  pocket  or 
purse.  See  Beaumont  and  Fletcher,  iii.  152. 

(2)  A  heap  or  cluster.    North. 

BUNGAY-PLAY.  A  simple  straightforward  way 
of  playing  the  game  of  whist,  by  leading  all  the 
winning  cards  in  succession,  without  endea- 
vouring to  make  the  best  of  the  hand.  East. 

BUNG-DOCK.    A  curtail.    East. 

BUNGEE.    Short  and  squat.    Somerset. 

BUNGERSOME.    Clumsy.    Berkah. 

BUNGY.    Intoxicated.   Beds. 

BUN-HEDGE.  A  hedge  made  of  twisted  sticks. 
Letnc. 

BUNHORNS.  Briars  bored  to  wind  yarn  on, 
used  bv  woollen  weavers.  Lane. 


BUNKS.    The  wild  succory.    East. 
BUNNED.     Shrunk.     Dorset. 
BUNNEL.    A  dried  hemp-stalk.    Cumb. 
BUNNY.  (1)  A  small  swelling.    East. 

(2)  A  kind  of  drain.     Hants. 

(3)  A  rabbit.     Var.  dial. 
BUNNY-MOUTH.     The  snap-dragon.    Surrey. 
BUNT.   (1))   The  middle  part  of  a  sail,  formed 

into  a  kind  of  bag  to  receive  the  wind. 

I  perceave  men  must  not  go  to  sea  without  vylats, 
in  hope  to  have  flying  fyshes  to  break  ther  noses 
agaynst  the  bunt  of  the  sayle.  MS.  Addit.  5008, 

(2)  To  run  like  a  rabbit.     North. 

(3)  To  raise  ;  to  rear,  or  spring.     Oxon. 

(4)  To  push  with  the  head.    West. 

(5)  Smut  in  corn.     Var.  dial 

(6)  To  sift.     Somerset. 
BUNTER.    A  bad  woman.    East. 
BUNTING.  (1)  Siftiug  flour.     West. 

(2)  Mean  and  shabby.    East. 

(3)  A  large  piece  of  timber.    North. 

(4)  A  game  among  boys,  played  with  sticks,  .and 
a  small  piece  of  wood  cut  lengthways.    Line. 

(5)  A  shrimp.    Kent. 

(6)  A  term  of  endearment. 

(7)  The  wood-lark. 
BUNYS.    Blows? 

Gref  men  forsake  here  housen  ful  timys,  gret 
wrethe,  deth  of  kyngys,  voydyng  of  bungs,  fallyng  of 
baneris.  MS.  Harl.  2320,  f.72. 

BUR.  (1)  A  blow;  force,  or  violence. 

(2)  Florio  translates  Bocchina,  "  that  stalke  or 
necke  of  a  bullet  which  in  the  casting  remaines 
in  the  necke  of  the  mould,  called  of  our  gun- 
ners the  bur  of  the  bullet." 

(3)  Sweet-bread  of  a  calf.    Var.  dial 

(4)  A  stop  for  a  wheel.    North.    Heywood  ap- 
parently uses  this  meaning  of  the  word  meta- 
phorically in  his  Iron  Age,  1632,  sig.  H,  or 
perhaps  burr  (2). 

(5)  A  halo  round  the  moon.     Var.  dial. 
" "   A  whetstone  for  scythes. 

7)  A  rabbit  burrow.    Dorset. 

(8)  But.     Yorfah. 

BURATO.  A  kind  of  woollen  cloth. 
BURBLE.  (1)  To  bubble.  JBurbly,  bubbling, 
Lydgate's  Minor  Poems,  p.  181 ;  burbety,  Ash- 
mole's  Theat.  Chem.  Brit.  p.  215 ;  bur  by  II,  ib. 
p.  150 ;  burbley,  Morte  d' Arthur,  ii.  88  ;  bur- 
belynge,  ib.  ii.  4.  Cf.  Lelandi  Itin.  ii.  31 ;  Pals- 
grave, f.  179,  "  Iburbyll  or  spring  up  as  water 
dothe  out  of  a  spring  j  this  water  burbyUeth  up 
pretyly;"  Prompt.  Parv.  p.  56.  "  Bulla,  a 
burbyl  on  the  water,"  Medulla,  MS.  Harl. 
1738,  f.  10. 

And  sum  were  swolle  the  vyseges  stout, 
As  thoj  here  yjen  shulde  burble  out. 

MS.  Harl.  1701,  f.  6?. 

(2)  A  small  pimple.    JEast. 
BURBOLT.  The  burbot.    Brit.  Bibl.  ii.  364.  It 
is  also  in  both  senses  the  same  as  bird-boU,  q.  v. 
BURCOT.    A  load.    Somerset. 
BURDE.    Behoved ;  need. 

His  dulefulle  dede  bwde  do  me  dere, 
And  perche  myne  herte  for  pure  petee ; 
For  pet£  myite  herte  burde  breke  in  two. 

MS,  Lincoln  A.  i.  17*  f.  21& 


BUR 


220 


BUR 


BURDEN-BAND.    A  hay-band.     North. 

BURDES.     Beards. 

BURDIS.    A  tournament.    Burdised,  justed  at 

a  tournament. 

BURDON.    A  staff.     See  Bourdon. 
Saber  smote  Ahcapart  tnere 
Wyth  hys  burdon  yn  the  breste. 

MS.  Cantab.  Ff.  ii.  38,  f.  121. 

BURDONE.    The  burden  of  a  song. 

BURDOUN.  The  base  in  mubic.  (^.-A*.)  See 
Chaucer,  Cant.  T.  67or  4163 ;  Tundalc,  p.  61. 
The  latter  reference  confirms  Tyrwhitt's  ex- 
planation, which  is  seemingly  doubted  by 
Todd,  p.  325. 

BURE.    A  bower  or  chamber. 

BUREDELY.    Forcibly ;  swiftly. 

BURELE.    The  spoke  of  a  v  heel. 

BURET.    A  drinking  vessel.    Test.  Vet.  p.  241. 

BUREWEN.    To  protect.    (A.-S.) 

BURFORD.  A  Burfort  bait,  "  when  one  sipps 
or  drinks  but  part,  they  still  fill  his  cupp  un- 
till  he  drinketh  all,"  Howell,  p.  20. 

BURGAGE.  Lands  or  tenements  in  towns, 
held  by  a  particular  tenure.  (A.-N.} 

BURGANET.  A  species  of  helmet.  See  First 
Sketches  of  Henry  VI.  p.  113;  Holinshed, 
Hist.  Engl.  p.  185  ;  Florio,  ed.  1611,  pp.  65, 
71 ;  Hey  wood's  Iron  Age,  sig,  E.  ii.  Some- 
times contracted  to  burgant. 

BURGASE.    A  burgess.  (^.-£) 

BURGE.    A  bridge.    Oxon* 

BURGEN.  To  bud ;  to  blossom.  See  "Warner's 
Antiq.  Culin.  p.  128  ;  Ashmole's  Theat.  Chem. 
Brit.  p.  273;  Elyot,  in  v.  Ayo.  Burgeon, 
a  bud,  Florio,  ed.  1611,  pp.  206,  337 ; 
burgeant)  Harrison's  Description  of  England, 
p.  242 ;  buryyons,  Lydgate's  Minor  Poems, 
p.  56,  (A.-N.) 

And  therof  sprang  owt  of  the  rote 
A  burgon  that  was  feyre  and  swote. 

JUS.  Cantab.  Ff.  ii.  38,  f.  129. 

BURGHE.  A  hillock  or  barrow.  Also,  a  town 
or  borough.  It  is  likewise  the  same  as  bargh, 
a  barrow  hog.  "Breden  as  fiurphe  swyn," 
satirically  alluding  to  the  incapability  of  glut- 
tons, Piers  Ploughman,  p.  34. 

BURGOQD.    Yeast.    Norf. 

BURGULLIAN.  A  bully,  or  braggadocio.  See 
Ben  Jonson's  Works,  i.  112. 

BURIEL.    A  burying-place.    (A.-S.) 

BURJONEN.  To  bud,  or  spring.  (A.-N.)  See 
Surgm.  Burjoun,  a  bud.  "As  a  "burjoun 
oute  of  a  stok  growynge,"  MS.  Soc.  Antiq, 
134,  f.  14.  Cf.  Arthour  and  Merlin,  p.  199. 

[And  he  made  ech  herbe  of  the  feeld  bifore  that  it 
burjownyde,  for  the  Lord  God  hadde  not  reyued  on 
erthe.  Wickliffe,  MS.  Sodl,  2tf. 

BURKE.     To  bark.     West.     Burke,  barked, 

Chron.  Yilodun.  p.  25. 
BURLAND.  Weltering. 
BURLE.  (1)  A  knot  or  bump.  See  Topsail's 

Hist.  Beasts,  p.  250.    Also,  to  take  away  the 

knots  or  impure  parts  from  wool  or  cloth. 

ft  Desguamare  vestem,  to  burle  clothe/'  Elyot. 

Cf.  Herrick's  Works,  ii.  15. 


(2)  The  bom  of  a  young  stag.     See  HowelVs 

Lex.  Tet.  sect.  3. 
BURLED.    Armed.    Skinner. 
BURLET.   A  hood,  or  head  dress.   It  is  glossed 

by  mitrum  and  mitella  in  MS.  Arundel  249, 

f.  88.     "  Calantica,  a  tyre,  bur  let  oor  coyfe,  a 

kerchief,  or  a  hood  for  a  woman,''  Elyot.  Cf. 

Sharp's  Cov.  Myst.  p.  15     Hollyband,  in  v. 

Calotte.    Jamieson  explains  it,  "a  standing 

or  stuffed  neck  for  a  gown." 
BURLEY.    The  butt  end  of  the  lance.     See 

Hall,  Hen.  IV.  f.  12. 
BURLEY-MAN.     An  officer  chosen  in  court- 

leets  to  assist  the  constable.    Kennett. 
BURLIBOUND.    Rough ;  unwieldly. 
BURLING.     A  young  ox.     Line. 
BURLING-IRON.     An    instrument    used    in 

burling  cloth,  made  similar  to  large  tweezers, 

but  with  very  small  points.    Herrick's  Works, 

i.  52. 

BURLINGS.  Pieces  of  dirty  wool. 
BURLOKEST.  Biggest ;  strongest. 
BURLY.  (1)  Big;  strong;  clumsy.  See  Reliq. 

Antiq.  iL  40;    Stanihurst's   Desc.   Ireland, 

p.  45. 

(2)  Red  and  pimpled.    Somerset. 
BURMA YDENE.  A  chamber-maid.    Pr.  Parv. 
BURN.  (1)  A  man  or  knight.  (A.-S.}  See  Piers 

Ploughman,  pp.  341,  346  ;  Le  Bone  Florence 

of    Rome,  884 ;    Reliq.   Antiq.  i.   123 ;   Sir 

Degrevant,  301. 

(2)  A  brook.    North. 

(3)  A  load  or  burden.    North.    See  the  Chester 
Plays,  i.  65.    Burn-rope,  a  rope  used  for  car- 
rying a  burden. 

(4)  A  term  at  the  game  of  hide-and-seek,  mean- 
ing to  approach  near  the  object  sought  after. 

(5)  To  waste,  especially  applied  to  time.    "  Wee 
burne  time,"  Mother  Bombie,  ed.  1632.    To 
burn  daylight,  a  common  phrase  with  the  same 
meaning.     See  the  examples  quoted  by  Nares, 
and  Du  Btirtas,  p.  574. 

BURN-BEKING.  Denshering  land,  burning 
turf  for  its  improvement. 

Mr.  Beshop  of  Merton  first  brought  into  the  south 
of  Wiltshire  the  improvement  by  burnbeking,  Den- 
shering, about.  1639. 

Aubrey's  Wilts,  Royal  Soc:  MS.  p.  287. 
BURN-COW.    A  species  of  beetle. 
BURNED.    Burnished.    (A.-N.) 
BURNELL.    A  name  for  an  ass,  given  on  ac- 
count of  its  colour.     See  the  Chester  Plays, 
i.  84. 

BURNESTE.     Burnished.    (4,-N,) 
BURNET.  (1)  Brown  cloth.   (A.-X.)    See  Rom. 

of  the  Rose,  226, 4756 ;  Reliq.  Antiq.  ii.  108 
(2)  The  herb  pimpernel. 

Of  pympurnolle  to  speke  thenke  y  3et, 
And  Eoglysch  y-called  is  bwnet, 

MS.  Sloane  24S7,  f .  6. 

BURNEUX,  An  ancient  sauce,  made  of  butter, 
pepper,  salt,  &c. 

BURNIE-BEE.    The  lady-bird.   Norf. 

BURNING.  Luesvenerea.  In  the  original  MS. 
regulations  of  the  stews  in  Southwark,  still 
preserved  in  the  Bodleian  LiVary,  MS.  eMu«. 


BUR 


^329,  is  the  following,  "  Item  that  no  stue- 
^liolder  kepe  noo  womman  witlmme  his  hows 
that  hath  any  sikenes  of  brennynge,  but  that 
she  be  putte  out."  Hardyng,  Supp.  f.  Ill, 
mentions  a  plague  which  happened  in  this 
country  in  the  reign  of  Henry  VII.  called  the 
burning  sweat,  but  this  .has  no  connexion  with 
our  first  meaning. 

BUIINING-OF-THE-HILL.  A  curious  method 
of  punishing  a  thief,  formerly  practised  by 
miners  on  the  Mendip  hills.  The  culprit  was 
shut  up  in  a  butt,  around  which  a  fire  was 
lighted,  whence  he  made  his  escape  in  the  best 
way  he  could,  often  of  course  severely  in- 
jured, but  was  never  more  suffered  to  work  on 
the  hill. 

BURNISH.  To  smooth  or  flatten.  North.  Also 
the  same  as  famish,  q.  v. 

BURN-STICK.  A  crooked  stick,  on  which  a 
large  piece  of  coal  is  daily  carried  from  the  pit 
by  each  working  collier  over  his  shoulder  for 
his  own  private  use.  North. 

BURN-THE-BISCUIT.    A  child's  game. 

BURNWIN.    A  blacksmith.    North. 

BURR.  (1)  The  broad  iron  ring  fixed  on  the 
tilting  lance  just  below  the  gripe,  to  prevent 
the  hand  slipping  back.  See  Hall,  Hen.  IV. 
f.  12  ;  Middleton,  ii.  465. 

(2)  The  prickly  seed  of  the  burdock.     Also  the 
plant  itself,  as  in  TopselTs  Beasts,  p.  683. 

(3)  The  blossom  of  the  hop. 

(4)  The  knot  at  the  bottom  of  a  hart's  horn. 

(5)  The  lap  of  the  ear. 

BURRAGE.    The  herb  borage,  formerly  put  in 

wine  to  increase  its  exhilarating  effects.     See 

Gerard,  p.  654.    This  I  suppose  is  what  is 

alluded  to  in  the  Tatler,  burridge. 
BXIRRATINE.    Some  kind  of  clothing,  men- 

tioned by  Ben  Jonson,  vii.  300. 
BURR-CASTLE.   Newcastle,  so  called  from  the 

burr,  a  particular  sound  made  by  the  natives 

of  that  place  in  pronouncing  the  letter  R. 
BURRISH.    Rough  ;  prickly. 
BURROW.  Sheltered  from  the  wind.  Somerset. 
BURRS.    In  armour,  upright  pieces  in  front  of 

the  thighs. 

BURR-STONES.  Rough  unhewn  stones. 
BURRYN.    To  bud.    Prompt.  Parv. 
BURSE.    An  exchange  for  merchants. 
BURSEN.    The  name  of  a  dish,  described  in 

the  Forme  of  Cury,  p.  15. 
BURSEN-BELLIED.    Ruptured.     See  Florio, 

ed.  1611,  p.  67  ;  Brit.  Bibl.  ii.  55. 
BURST.    To  break.    Also  the  part.  past.     See 

Middleton,  v.  412. 

BURSTE.    Loss  ;  adversity.    (A.-S.) 
BURSTYLL.   A  bristle.    Pr.Parv. 
BURSYD.   Bruised. 
BURT.    To  press  or  indent  anything.  Somerset. 

Huloet  has,  "  burt  lyke  a  ramme,  arieto"    Cf. 

Prompt.  Parv.  p.  56. 
BURTCHIN.    Made  of  birch. 
BURTH.    Behoves.    See  Wright's  Anecd.  Lit. 

p.  4.    It  is  wrongly  explained  in  the  Brit. 

Bibl.  iv.  196. 


I  BUS 

BURTHEN.  (1)  A  quarter  of  ale. 
(2)  To  press  urgently.   East. 
BURTHEXSOME.    Productive.    North. 
BUR-THISTLE.    The  spear-thistle.     North. 
BURTLE.    A  sweeting  apple.    North. 
BUR-TREE.    The  elder-tree.    North.    Seethe 
Prompt.  Parv.  p.  137. 

Tak  the  myddes  barke  of  the  bur-tre>  and  anete, 
and  aregcs  sede,  and  ix.  or  x.  graynes  of  spourge, 
and  sethe  thame,  and  do  a  littille  hony  therto  and 
drynk.  MS.  Lincoln.  Med.  f.  286. 

BURTYME.    Birthtime.    Rob.  Glouc.  p.  443. 

BURWALL.  A  wall  battered  or  inclined  against 
a  bank.  Yorksh. 

BURWE.    To  defend.    (A.-S.) 

BURWGH.    A  castle  or  palace.     (A.-S.) 

BURWHE.    A  circle.    Pr.  Parv. 

BURY.  (1)  A  house  or  castle.  (A.-S.)  "To this 
very  day,"  says  Miege,  "  the  chief  house  of  a 
manor,  or  the  lord's  seat,  is  called  bury  in 
some  parts  of  England,  and  especially  in  Here- 
fordshire/' See  also  Blount's  Glossographia, 
ed.  1681,  p.  82. 

(2)  A  rabbit's  burrow.    South. 

BURYDOKKES.    Burdocks. 

BURYING-A-WIFE.  A  feast  given  by  an  ap- 
prentice at  the  expiration  of  his  articles. 

BUS.  Behoves ;  must.  See  Ywaine  and  Gawin, 
1085  ;  Sevyn  Sages,  3150 ;  Isumbras,  47 ;  Nti- 
gae  Poet.  p.  40 ;  and  Blande.  In  use  in  Skel- 
ton's  time  as  a  provincialism.  "  I  bus  goe  tyll 
bed/'  Merie  Tales,  ii. 

And  this  sacrament  bus  have  thre  thynges.  Ane 
es  sorowe  in  oure  herle  that  we  hafe  synnede ;  an- 
other cs  opyne  scrifte  of  mouthe  how  we  hafe  syn- 
nede. MS.  Lincoln  A.  i.  17,  f.  216. 

BUSCAGE.     A  kind  of  cloth. 

BUSCAYLE.     A  bush. 

Luke  je  aftyre  evensang  be  armyde  at  ryghttez 
On  blonkez  by  jone  luscayle  by  jone  bly the  stremez. 
Morte  Arthurs,  MS.  Lincoln*  f.  62. 

BUSH.  (1)  The  sign  of  a  tavern,  which  in  former 
times  was  generally  an  ivy-bush.  "  Good  wine 
draws  customers  without  any  help  of  an  ivy- 
bush,"  Cotgrave,  in  v.  Bon.  The  term  bush  is 
however  applied  to  the  wooden  frame  of  the 
sign  itself,  which  was  frequently  ornamented 
•with  ivy-leaves,  a  practice  that  began  to  be 
obsolete  about  1660. 

(2)  To  go  about  the  bush,  a  common  proverbial 
expression.    See  Cotgrave,  in  v.  Aller;  Florio, 
in  v.  Fusdre. 

(3)  To  butt  with  the  head.    West.    To  push, 
Urry's  Chaucer,  p.  595. 

(4)  The  inner  circle  of  a  wheel  that  encloses  the 
axle-tree.    Also,  to  sheathe  or  enclose,  as  for 
example  to  renew  the  bush  of  a  wheel,  or  to 
put  in  a  new  touch-hole  to  a  gun. 

(5)  To  retreat  from.    South. 

(6)  A  kind  of  beard.    "  The  bodkin  beard  or 
the  bush;1   Lilly's  Endimion,  ed.  1632,  sig. 
C.xi. 

BUSHETING.  Shooting  out  at  the  roots.  Glouc. 
Tasser,  p.  Ill,  has  bu$het$>  small  shoots  from 
"bushes.  Bwketr  Spenser,  and  Florio,  in  v. 
Cespuylio. 


BUS 


222 


BUT 


BUSITLOCK.    A  tuft  of  bushes  ? 

At  nyght  Mr.  Banysfcr  cauled  me  up  to  se  a  co- 
met but  vt  was  Venus  with  a  great  fyery  haze  lyke 
u  bHthfaX  about  hlr.  J«f.  MdU.  5008. 

BUSIiMENT.  An  ambush.  See  Percy's  Re- 
limies,  p.  25  ;  Skelton,  i.  9 ;  Langtoft,  p.  242  ; 
Sir  Degrevant,  1581, 1610 ;  Robin  Hood,i.  54. 
Also,  a  thicket,  as  in  Holinshed,  Chron.  Ire- 
land, p.  169. 

Whenne  thay  come  to  the  slake, 
The  balde  bitachement  brake. 

MS.  Lincoln  A.  i.  17,  f-  137- 
BUSHSITHE.    A  bill-hook.    Huloet. 
BUSINE.    To  trouble  with  business.     (Fr.) 
BUSINESS.    Trouble.    Var.  dial. 
BUSK.  (1)  A  sort  of  linen  cloth,  apparently  of 
a  coarse  and  common  description.    Book  of 
Kates,  1541,  Brit.  Bibl.  ii.  397. 

(2)  A  piece  of  wood,  or  whalebone,  worn  down 
the  front  of  the  stays  to  keep  them  straight. 
Nares  errs  in  thinMng  the  term  obsolete. 

(3)  A  flock  of  sheep.    East. 

(4)  A  bush.  North.    (A.-N.}    "  On  betyth  the 
buslce,  another  hathe  brydde,"  MS.  Douce  52. 
See  Langtoft,  p.  9. 

With  balefull  buslteys  ye  hym  bete, 
And  rente  hys  flesche  fro  the  bon. 

MS.  Cantab.  Ff.  ii.38,  f .  47. 

BUSKEN.  To  busk,  go;  to  array,  prepare.  (4.-S.) 
See  Minot,  p.  7. 

Bad  them  lusfce  and  make  them  yare, 
Alle  that  stiff  Tfere  on  stede. 

MS.  Karl.  2252,  f.  91. 

BUSKING.    Bushy. 

Those  fanners  that  have  it  growing  in  their 
groimdes  doe  keep  the  hay  thereof  for  their  chief 
winter-provision,  and  instead  of  provender,  the 
root  is  busTting  and  fibrous. 

Aubrey's  Wilts,  Royal  Soc.  MS.  p.  124. 

BUSKLE.  To  bustle  about ;  to  move  quickly.. 
See  Pilkington's  Works,  p.  353 ;  Fraternitye 
of  Vacabondes,  p.  24 ;  Holinshed,  Chron.  Ire- 
land, p.  80. 

It  is  like  the  smoldring  fyer  of  mount  Chymera, 
which  boyling  long  tyme  with  great  teakling  in  the 
bowels  of  the  earth,  dooth  at  length  burst  out  with 
violent  rage.  Orations  ofArsanes,  1555. 

BUSK-POINT.    The  lace,  with  its  tag,  which 

secured  the  end  of  the  busk.    Nares. 
BUSKY.    Woody; bushy.    North. 

I  will  go  seekehim  in  the  buslcy  groves. 

Woman,  in  the  Moone,  1597- 

BUSMER.    See  Bismare. 

And  lauje  us  a  bttsmer  a  skorn, 
In  gret  sklandre  us  brynge. 

MS.  Coll.  THn.  Oxon.  ^. 

BUSS.  (1)  A  calf.     West. 

(2)  To  kiss.     Var.  dial 

(3)  To  butt,  or  strike  with  the  head.  Florio  has, 
"  Acceffdre,  to  busse  or  heake  as  a  hog  doth/' 

(4)  A  large  pitcher.    Devon. 
BUSSARD.    A  great  drinker. 

BUSSE.  A  kind  of  fishing-boat.  (Dwt.)  See 
Langtoft,  p.  149 ;  Fail-holt'?  Pageants,  p.  40. 

BUSSED.  Laid  in  ambush.  "  Bussed  beside 
the  flom,"  Langtoft,  p.  187. 

BUSSES.  Hoops  for  the  top  of  a  cart  or  wag- 
gon. North. 


BUSSOCK.    A  thick  fat  person.     JFarw. 

BUST.  (1)  A  tar  mark  on  sheep.  North.  This 
may  be  the  meaning  oftarre  boyste  in  Chester 
Plays,  i,  121,  125,  although  in  the  latter  in- 
stance the  Bodl.  MS.  reads  tar-box. 

(2)  Kissed. 

BUSTED.    Burst.     West. 

BUSTER.    A  loaf.     Var.  dial 

BUSTIAN.  A  kind  of  coarse  cloth,  mentioned 
in  Book  of  Rates,  1675,  p.  29 ;  Brit.  Bibl.  ii. 
398;  Harrison's  Description  of  England,  p.  163. 
It  is  perhaps  the  same  as  fustian.  See  Jamie- 
son,  Supp.  i.  165. 

BUSTQUS.     See  BoistoiLS. 

BUSY.    To  be  active.    (A.-N.) 

BUSY-GOOD.    A  meddling  person.    West. 

BUT.  (1)  A  peculiar  kind  of  conical  basket  used 
in  the  river  Parret  for  catching  salmon. 

'2)  A  cast ;  a  throw. 

:3)  Contended;  struggled  with  each  other. 
Havelok,  1916. 


Howard  Household  Books,  p.  120.    (Lut.) 

(5)  Without ;  unless.     Nares  has  it,  "  otherwise 
than."  Cf.  Palsgrave,  f.  466. 

(6)  A  piece  of  ground,  portion  of  a  garden,  &c. 
Also,  the  thick  or  fleshy  root  of  a  plant,  e.  g. 
a  potato  or  turnip,  said  to  be  large  or  small 
in  the  but.    Hence  the  verb  but,  to  grow  or 
swell  out.     North. 

(7)  A  shoemaker's  knife.     North. 

(8)  A  buttock  of  beef.     West. 

(9)  Any  large  vessel  or  cart.    Devon. 

(10)  Strong  leather.     North. 

(11)  "  But  and  ben,"  the  outer  and  inner  apart- 
ment, where  there  are  only  two  rooms.  North. 

(12")  A  hassock.     Devon. 

(13)  A  bee-hive.    Exwoor. 

(14)  Suddenly.    Devon. 

(15)  A  kind  of  cap.    North. 

(16)  Rough;  ragged.    North. 

(17)  To  exchange  or  barter.     Craven. 
BUT-BOLT,    The  strong,  unbarbed  arrow  used 

by  the  citizens  in  shooting  at  the  butt.    See 
Ford's  Works,  ii.  479. 

BUTCHE.    To  kill.    North. 

BUTE.    Help;  remedy. 

BUT-GAP.    A  hedge  of  pitched  turf.    Devon. 

BUTH.    Be;  are.     (A.-S.) 

BUTLANDS.    Waste  ground.    East. 

BUTLER.  A  housekeeper.  North.  Butler's- 
grace,  without  any  ceremony. 

BUT-SHOT.  The  distance  an  arrow  will  fly. 
Lelandi  Itin.  iii.  31. 

BUTT.  A  boat.  Tempest,  i.  2.  If  butt,  which 
is  merely  an  old  form  of  the  word,  is  to  be  re- 
tained, it  can  only  be  in  this  sense.  JBotfe, 
Chester  Plays,  i.  54. 

BUTTAL.  (1)  A  bittern.    South. 

(2)  A  corner  of  ground.    North. 

BUTTEN.    To  fall? 

The  knight  donward  gan  butten, 
Amid  ward  the  hors  gutten,  drth&ur  and 


BUZ 


223 


BY!) 


BUTTER-AND-EGGS.    The  daffodil.     H~cst. 

BUTTER-BOX.  A  Dutcliman.  This  cant  term 
is  found  in  Jliege. 

BUTTER-BUMP.    A  bittern.    North. 

BUTTER-DAISY'.    The  \vhite  ox-eye. 

BUTTERED-ALE.  Ale  boiled  with  lump  sugar, 
butter,  and  spice.  Salop. 

BUTTER-FINGERED.    Slippery.     Var.  dial. 

BUTTER-MIT.  A  small  tub  in  which  newly- 
made  butter  is  washed.  West. 

BUTTER-PRINT.  A  child.  This  cant  term 
occurs  twice  in  the  plays  of  Beaumont  and 
Fletcher. 

BUTTER-PUMPS.  The  ovary  of  the  yellow 
water  lily.  Dorset. 

BUTTER-SHAG.  A  slice  of  bread  and  butter. 
North. 

BUTTER-TEETH.  The  two  middle  incisors  in 
front  of  the  upper  jaw.  See  Dodsley,  i.  239. 

His  two  lower  butter-teath  stryke  up  quyte  throe 
his  snowt  as  thoethey  wcr  riveted.  MS.  Addit.  5008. 

BUTTER-WHORE.  A  scold.  "  They  scold 
like  so  many  butter-whores  or  oyster-women 
at  Billinsgate,"  Howell,  p.  20. 

BUTTERY-HATCH.  A  half-door  between  the 
buttery  or  kitchen  and  the  hall,  in  colleges 
and  old  mansions.  Also  called  a  buttery-bar, 
Twelfth  Night,  i.  3;  Taylor's  Workes,  1630, 
i.  113.  There  was  a  small  ledging  or  bar  on 
this  hatch  to  rest  the  tankards  on. 

BUTTILLARY.    A  buttery. 

BUTTING-IRON.  An  instrument  used  for  peel- 
ing bark  from  trees.  North. 

BUTTOCK.    A  common  strumpet. 

BUTTON.  (1)  A  small  cake.    East. 

(2)  The  chrysalis  of  an  insect.     West. 

(3)  A  bud.    East.     See  Harrison's  Description 
of   England,   p.  210,    "  three  score  leaves 
growing  upon  one  button"  qu.  part  of  the 
stalk. 

(4)  To  shut  up.    Oscon. 
BUTTON-NAILS.    Roundheaded  nails. 
BUTTONS.     Sheep's  dung.    Devon.    His  tail 

makes  buttons,  i.  e.  he  is  in  great  fear,  a  phrase 
occurring  in  Florio,  ed.  1611,  pp.  209,  276; 
Yorkshire  Dialogue,  1697,  p.  87. 

BUTTRICE.  A  farrier's  tool  used  in  shoeing 
horses  to  pare  the  hoofs. 

BUTT-SHAFT.  A  kind  of  arrow,  used  for  shoot- 
ing at  butts,  formed  without  a  barb,  so  as  to 
stick  into  the  butts,  and  yet  to  be  easily  ex- 
tracted. Nares. 

BUTTY.  A  companion  or  partner  in  any  work. 
Var.  dial 

BUTURE;    The  bittern.    North. 

BUTYNE.   Booty.    Palsgrave,  f.  313. 

BUYER.    A  gnat.    North. 

BUVIDLY.    Stout  made.    North. 

BUXOM.  Obedient.  <>/.-£)  And  hence,  meek, 
or  humble. 

BUYEDE.    Bowed.    Rob.  Glouc.  p.  475. 

BUZ.   A  report  or  rumour. 

BUZZ.  To  empty  a  bottle  of  wine  in  carousing ; 
to  drink. 


BUZZARD,  (i)  A  coward. 

(2)  A  moth  that  flies  by  night.  Sec  the  Craven 
Glossary.  Nares  wrongly  explains  it  a  beetle 
Buzze-flies,  Florio,  p.  69. 

BUZZOAI.    Very  red.    Devon. 

BWON.    SeeJBoun. 

BY.  (1)  In.  (^.-£)  "  By  the  moiwc,"  in  the 
morning,  or  day-time.  "  By  his  life,"  hi  his 
lifetime.  "  By  and  by,"  exactly,  dibtiuctly, 
in  order  one  after  the  other.  See  ToddV 
Gower  and  Chaucer,  p.  325.  For,  Kyng  Ali 
saunder,  3174.  "  By  tha,"  with  that.  Weber 
It  constantly  occurs  in  the  sense  of  of;  to  know 
nothing  by  a  person,  to  know  no  ill  of  Mm,  as 
in  1  Cor.  iv.  4. 

(2)  To  abie.     (*/.-£) 

Scho  sayd,  traytoure,  thou  salle  byi 
How  was  thou  swa  hardy, 

MS.  Line.  A.  i.  17,  f.  133. 

(3)  A  bee.    See  Lydgate's  Minor  Poems,  p,  88 ; 
Skelton's  Works,  ii.  112. 

(4)  A  bracelet ;  a  collar.    See  Reliq.  Antiq.  i.  9, 
"  dextrotirium,  a  by  of  golde  anornyng  the 
ryght  anne;"  Sir  Degrevant,  556. 

(5)  To  abide.    See  the  True  Tragedie  of  Kichard 
III.,  p.  57,  repr.    Perhaps  a  misprint  in  the 
original  for  byd,  which  occurs  in  Torrent  of 
Portugal,  p.  44. 

(6)  To  buy.    See  Langtoft,  p.  116 ;  Rom.  of  me 
Rose,  7159. 

)  Be ;  continue.     Hearne. 

(8)  A  "by-place,    Florio  translates  buretta,  u  a 
by  or  darke  corner."    He  apparently  gives 
another  meaning  to  it  in  v.  Massdre,  "  to  play 
or  cast  at  the  by,  at  hazard  or  greseo." 

(9)  Besides.    Northumb. 

(10)  The  point  or  mark  from  which  boys  emit 
the  marbles  or  taws.    Yor&sh. 

BYAR.   A  cow-house.    North.    Douce,  in  his 
MS.  papers,  calls  the  £eld  near  the  bvay  the 
byerleys. 
BYBBEY.    A  kind  of  herb.    See  Chester  Plays, 

i.  119,  where  the  BodL  MS.  reads  tibbie. 
BY-BLOW.    A  bastard.    See  J.  Cleaveland  Re- 
vived,  1660,  p.  187;  Howell,  sect.  24;  Beau- 
mont and  Fletcher,  vii.  185.    I  am  doubtful 
as  to  the  meaning  of  the  word  in  the  last 
instance. 
BY-CALLE.    To  accuse.    (A.-S.) 

Thaune  as  Syr  Mador  kmdeste  spake, 

The  queue  of  tresoun  to  by-calle, 
Comyb  Syr  Launcelot  du  Lake 
Rydand  ryght  in  thehalle. 

MS.  Harl.  2252,  f.  105. 

BYCHSCHOPE.    A  bishop. 
BY-CLAGGEDE.    Besmeared.     Gaw. 
BYCOKET.    An  ornament  for  the  head.    See  a 
document  dated  1513  in  the  Archseologia, 
xxvi.  398. 

BYDAGGED.    Splashed.     Weber. 
BYDANDE.    Bearing? 

And  ye,  ser  Gye,  a  thousande, 
Bolde  men  and  wele  bydande* 

MS.  Cantab.  Ff.  ii.  38,  f.  1 58, 
BYDDING.    Abiding.    Skinner. 
BYDE.    Abode;  dwelling. 


BYL 

BYDRYVEN.    To  commit  evil.     Carton. 

BYDWONGEN.    Compelled ;  forced.    Canton, 

BYE.    A  boy.    Prompt.  Pan?. 

BYEBE.    A  dwelling.    Ash. 

BYE-BOOTINGS.  The  finest  kiadof  bran,  North. 

BYED.  "  They  tyed  on.  hym,"  MS.  Cantab. 
Ff.  ii.  38,  f.  103.  Perhaps  an  error  for  cryed. 

BYEN.    Be.    Table  Book,  p.  147. 

BYER.  A  shrine.  This  is  apparently  the  mean- 
ing  in  Rob.  Glouc.  p.  248.  See  Hearne's  Glos- 
sary, in  v.  Byers,  buyers,  Hall,  Henry  VI. 
f.  10. 

BYERLAWS.  The  townships  of  Ecdesali  and 
Brightside  are  so  called.  The  appellation  was 
probably  derived  from  the  Byerlaw  courts, 
formerly  held  there.  See  the  Hallamshire 
Glossary,  p.  17. 

BYET.    Work  not  finished.   North. 

BYETH.   Be.    (A*-$.) 

BY-FAR.  Much.    Var.dial. 

BYFFE.    Beef.  Prompt.  Parv. 

BY-FOUNDB.  Found  out ;  discovered.  Hearne. 

BY-FRUITS.  According  to  Kennett,  MS,  Lansd. 
1033,  "  those  wens  or  humid  hubbies  which 
insects  raise  upon  vegetables,  wherein  they 
lodge  their  egge  and  produce  their  young,  are 
call'd  by-fruits," 

BYGABBED.   Deceived.    Rob.  Glouc.  p.  458. 

BYGAGED.    Mad ;  bewitched.   JExmoor. 

BYGATES.   Spoil; plunder.   Weber. 

BYGET.    Occasioned ;  promised.    Hearne. 

BYGGERE,   A  buyer.   Maundevile. 

BY-GOLD.  Tinsel.  Cotgrave  has,  •<  Orpel,  sil- 
Ter  and  by -gold,  a  Mnd  of  leafe-tinne  used  in 
the  silvering  over  of  trifles  for  children." 

BYGORN.    A  goblin.   North. 

BYGYNG.   Beginning.    Hearne. 

BYHANGGID.  Hanged  up. 

Y  shuU  be  byhanggid  by  all  right  and  reason. 

MS.  Laud.  416,  f.  61. 

BYHEFDED.  Beheaded.  Hearne. 
BYHETER.  A  surety.  WicUiffe. 
BYHOREDE.  Committed  adultery  against. 

For  thou  haste  byhorede  my  lorde, 

Thou  salle  hafe  wonderynge  in  the  worlde, 

MS.  Lincoln  A.  i.  17,  f.  120. 
BYHOVE.    To  advantage.    Chaucer. 
BYHT.  Beeth,    Ritson. 
BY-JAPEN.    To  mock;  to  ridicule.    (A.-S.) 
See  Piers  Ploughman,  pp.  386,  453  j  and 
Bejape. 

BY-JEN.    By  St.  John.    North. 
BYKER.   A  beaker  cup.  Prompt.  Parv. 
BYLACE.   Caught;  beset.   (A.-N.) 
BYLAND.    A  peninsula.     This  term  seems  to 
have  been  introduced  by  Harrison,  Description 
of  Britaine,  p.  30. 
BYLA Y.    Belonged.    "  As  to  hym  oylay"  Rob. 

Glouc.  p.  421. 

BY-LA  YNE.    Lain  with.    (^.-£)    SeeRitson's 
Songs,  i.  67;  Richard  Coer  de  Lion,  1119. 
Heslepydnevyr  be  hursyde, 
Nor  hath  hur  not  by-tayne* 

Le  Bune  Florence  of  Rome,  1071. 
BT-LEMAN.   A  second  lover  or  gallant.    See 


24  BYR 

Octovian,  119, 129.   It  was  anciently  believed 
that  twins  could  not  be  the  genuine  offspring 
of  one  man,  a  notion  there  alluded  to. 
BYLEWYN.    To  remain;  to  stay.    (A.-S.) 
BYLIS.    Boils ;  ulcers.    Wicklitfe. 
BYLLEN.     To  peck  with   the  bill.    Prompt. 

Parv. 
BYLLERNE.   A  kind  of  water-plant,  translated 

by  lerula  in  the  Prompt.  Parv.  p.  36. 
BYLLYNE.  To  use  a  spade  or  mattock.  Prompt. 

Parv. 

BY-LOU.  Laughed  at.  Roo.  Glouc. 
BYLUFFEDE.    Beloved. 
BY-MATTERS.    Irrelevant  circumstances.  See 

Harrison's  Description  of  Britaine,  p.  31. 
BYME.  Skinner  refers  to  Gower,  ed.  1532,  f.  38, 
for  this  word,  which  appears  to  be  merely  by 
me.  MS.  Bodl.  294  has  the  same  reading.  He 
was  misled  by  the  apparent  necessity  of  the 
rhyme.  See,  however,  the  example  quoted 
under  Alkymistre  /  and  gloss,  to  Urry's 
Chaucer,  in  v.  Alouth. 

So  wolle  I  nou5t  that  eny  tyme 
Be  loste  of  that  thou  hast  do  by  me 

MS.  Soc.  Antiq.  i'34,  f.  101. 
For  deth  cam  so  in  haste  by  me 
Ere  I  hadde  therto  eny  tyme. 

Cower,  MS.  Cantab,  f.  39. 
BY-MOLEN.   To  spot;  to  stain.  (A.-S.) 
BYMOWE.    To  mock.  Apol  Loll. 
BYMYNSTER.    To  administer. 

In  every  thinge  to  his  wills  obeys, 
And  bymynster  unto  his  volume. 

Lydgate,  MS.  Soc.  Antiq.  134,  f.  14. 
BYN.  Within.  Ritson. 
BYNAME.    To  nick-name. 
BYNDE.  The  woodbine.   Prompt.  Parv. 
BYNDERES.     Binders;    robbers    who    bind. 

Havelol-. 

BYNE.  (1)  Malt.    Cambr. 
(2)  A  bin,  a  manger,  according  to  Mr.  Utterson, 
but  more  probably  a  corruption  oipyne.     See 
Syr  Tryamoure,  160. 
BYNNY.   A  kind  of  pepper.   Cowett. 
BY-NOMEN.   Taken  away.   (A.-S.} 
BY-NOW.  A  short  time  ago.   West. 
BYNTE.    Bound. 

He  drynketh  the  wyn,  but  at  laste 

The  wyn  drynketh  him,  and&ynfehlm  faste. 

Gower,  MS.  Soc.  Antiq.  1£4,  f.  177. 
He  taketh,  he  kepeth,  he  halte,  he  bj/nte. 
That  lyjter  is  to  fle  the  flynte.          Ibid.  f.  156. 

BYOFTHE.   Behoof;  profit.    Rot.  Glouc. 

BYON.    A  quinsy.    North. 

BY-PAST.    Past  by.    North 

BY-PLOT.  A  small  piece  of  ground  in  an  out  of 
the  way  place. 

These  dales  works  are  not  imploied  upon  those 
waies  that  lead  from  market  to  market,  but  ech 
surveior  amendeth  such  by~plots  and  lanes  as  seeme 
best  for  his  owne  coirmodme,  and  more  easie  passage 
unto  his  fieMs  and  pastures. 

Harrison's  Description  of  Britaine,  p.  H4. 

BYQUIDE.    Bequest. 

Hys  byqttide  in  thys  manere  he  made  byvore  hys  deth, 
Rob.  Glouc.  p.  381 

BYRDE.    Glossed  "moste." 


CAA 


225 


CAB 


For  sothe  so  hym  byrdc, 

For  he  was  a  meiveylus  hyrde. 

MS.  Hurl.  1701  ,f.  27. 

BYRDING.  A  burden?  (A.~S.)  It  is  explained, 

"  playing,  gamboling,"  Towneley  Myst.  p.  79. 
BYRDUNE.    A  burden.  Prompt.  P arc. 
BYRE.    The  stump  of  a  tree.   North. 
BYREVY5THE.    Bereaveth.     See  the  Chron. 

Vilodun.  p.  113. 

BYREYNYNGE.  Burning.  Hearne. 
BYRIDEN.    Buried.    WicUlffe. 
BYRKYN.    Breaking.    Towneley  Myst. 
BYRLAKIN.    A  familiar  diminutive  of  ly  our 

Lady,  often  introduced  in  old  plays. 
BYRNSTON.    Brimstone.    Skelton. 
BY-RONNE.    Run  over.    (A.-S.) 
He  fond  Rymenild  sittynde, 
And  wel  sore  wepynde, 
So  whyt  so  the  sonne 

Mid  terres  al  by-ronne.  Kyng  Horn,  652. 

BYRYNE.    To  bury.    Prompt.  Parv 
BYS.   Be.    Weber. 

BYSCHELLE.    A  bushel.   Prompt.  Pan\ 
BYSCHYPRYCHE.      A  bishopric.     Prompt. 

Parv. 

BYS  CUTE.    Biscuit.  Prompt.  Parv. 
BYSMALOW.  Theholyhock,aplant.  See  au  old 

book  of  medical  receipts,  MS.  Bodl.   59U 

ad  fin. 
BY-SMOKEDE.    Covered  with  smoke.   (A.-S.) 

And  thanne  me  thoghte  the  barelles  brakke,  and 
thare  smote  owte  swylke  a  smoke,  that  it  alle  by- 
smokede  thame  that  was  abowte. 

MS.  Lincoln  A.  i.  17.  f.  254. 

BYSOM.  BHnd.  (A.-S.)  See  Bison.  This  form 
occurs  in  Reliq.  Antiq.  ii.  238,  the  burden  of 
a  ballad  being,  "for  now  the  lysom  ledys 
the  blynde." 

BYSPYNG.  Confirmation.  Another  form  of 
fiishoppinff,  q.  v.  Cotgrave  says  lisping  is  the 
\ulgar  mode  of  speaking  the  word,  in  v. 
Confirmation. 

3et  wolle  y  make  relacion 
Of  the  confirmacion, 
That  by  Englysche  menyng 
Ys  called  the  byspyng  MS.  Craves  57. 

The  same  cosenage  ynne  alle  thyng, 
Ys  yn  the  childys  byspyng.  Ibid. 

BYSSI.    Soon;  readily? 

Sire,  quod  the  stiwarde  anoon, 
Al  bys*i  schai  I  fynde  oon. 

Wrights  Seven  Sages,  p.  54. 
BYSSINE.    Fine  silk.    WicUiffe. 
BYST.    Prayest.    See  Rob.  Glouc.  p.  337,  where 

the  Heralds'  College  MS.  reads  biddest. 
BYSTE.    A  temporary  bed  used  by  hop-driers 


and  maltsters  to  rest  on  in  the  night,  and  at 
other  times  when  tending  their  fires.  Sussex. 

BYSYLIERE.  More  busy ;  more  attentive.  It 
is  translated  by  attentius  in  Reliq.  Antiq.  i.  8 

BYSYSCHYPPE.    Activity. 

Wast  hast  thou  do  offbysy$c7iyppe, 
To  love  and  to  ladyschyppe. 

MS.  Cantab.  Ff.  i.  C,  f.  3. 

BYT.     Bite.    Ritson. 

BYTACK.    A  farm  taken  in  addition  to  another 
farm,  and  on  which  the  tenant  does  not  reside, 
Herefordsh. 
BY-TAIL.    The  right  handle  of  a  plough.   Var. 

dial. 

BYTE.   (1)  A  morsel;  a  bit.     (A.-S.) 
(2)  To  cut,  as  a  sword,  or  any  instrument.    See 
Tundale,  p.  24;  Eglamour,  491. 

Ther  was  no  knyfe  that  wolde  hym  byte. 

MS.  Cantab.  Ff .  ii.  38,  f.  66. 
Gye,  wyth  hys  owne  hande, 
Defendyd  hym  with  hys  axe  bytande.  Ibid.  f.  189 
Hot  thofe  he  rade  never  so  faste, 
His  nobille  spereon  hym  he  braste, 
It  wold  nott  in  hym  bytt. 

MS.  Lincoln  A.  I.  17,  f.  141. 

BYTH.  (1)  Is;  shall  be.    (A.-S.) 
(2)  Bite.     Cov.Myst. 
BY-THE-WALLS.    Unburied.   East. 
BYTOC.    Committed.    Rob.  Glouc.  p.  183. 
B  YTTE.    A  bottle ;  a  flagon.     Warw. 
BYTYLLE.    A  beetle.    Prompt.  Parv. 
BYUEDE.     Bowed.    Rol.  Glouc. 
BYVONDE.    Found;  contrived.     Hearne. 
BYVORE.     Explained  "  Far  off,"  by  Heame, 

but  it  clearly  means  lefore  in  Rob.  Glouc. 

p.  348. 
BY-WAKE.    Watched  OTer. 

Writ  that  nyjt  that  he  was  take, 
And  with  tourmentoures  by-trf*em 

MS.Addit  ;i3C7,  f.  09. 

BY-WASH.  The  outlet  of  water  from  a  dam* 
North. 

BY-WAYT.    To  be  patient, 

BY-WIPE.    An  indirect  sarcasm.   North. 

BYWOOPEN.  Made  senseless.  Coles.  It  is 
explained  "  made  of  silk,"  in  Cocker's  English 
Dictionary,  1724. 

BYWORD.    A  proverb.    (A.-S.) 

BYYN.    To  buy.    Prompt.  Parv. 

BYZANT.    A  besom.    Dorset. 

BY3AR.    A  buyer.    Apol.  Loll 

BY3ING.    Buying.    Prompt.  Parv. 

BY3T.    A  bend.     Not  «  hollow,  cavity/'  as  ex- 
plained in.  Syr  Gawayne. 
In  the  by$t  of  the  hartne  also 
Anojyr  hys  that  mot  be  undo.  Reliq.  Anliq.  i.  19U. 


CA.  (1)  To  drive.    North. 
(2)  A  jackdaw.    Juniw. 
CAAD.    Cold.  North. 
CAAS.  (1)  Case.   (A.-N.) 

And  in  suche  caas  often  tymes  they  be, 
Thac  one  may  make  them  play  with  strawes  thre. 
MS.  Rawl.C.tt. 

(2)  Chance.   North. 

(3)  Because,   North. 


CAB.  (1)  A  small  number  of  persons  secretly 
united  in  the  performance  of  some  under- 
taking. Swsex. 

(2)  Any  sticky  substance.  Devon. 

CABBAGE.  The  part  of  a  deer's  head  wherein 
the  horns  are  set.  To  cabbage,  to  grow  to  a 
head,  applied  to  the  horns  of  a  deer.  See 
Wyl  Buckes  Testament,  p.  5 ;  Skelton,  ii.  350; 
Ilowell,  sect.  iii. 

15 


CAD 


220 


CAT 


TABBY.    Sticky ;  clammy.   Devon. 

CABES.  A  cabbage.  u  Braasica  capitafa,  cole 
ca6e,t,"  Elyot.  Cdbbishes,  Middleton,  v.  35, 
and  var.  dial. 

CABLE-IIATBA"XD.  A  fashion  introduced 
about  1599,  being  a  twisted  cord  of  gold,  sil- 
ver, or  silk,  worn  round  the  hat. 

CABLISIL    Brushwood.    Law  terra* 

CABOB.  A  leg  of  mutton,  stuffed  with  white 
herrings  and  sweet  herb.3. 

CABOBBLE.    To  confuse  or  puzzle.  East. 

CABOCIIE.  Tofccnrl.   (J.-.V.) 

There  nedeth  no  more  but  to  wbnJic  his  hot1;], 
alle  the  o\er  jawes  stylle  thereon,  and  the  Iilx-Has 
forsayd.  MS.  Botl!.  54G. 

CABRIOLES.  A  lady's  head-dress. 

CABRITO.   A  kid.   (Span.) 

CABULATOR.   Saltpetre.   Howell 

CACCHEN.    To  catch ;  to  take.  (A.-S.) 

CACHE.  (1)  To  go. 

(2)  To  couch  or  lay  down.   Skelton. 

CACHERE.  A  hunter.   (J.-v.) 

CACHE  RELE.    A  catchpole, 

CACHET.   Gone. 

CACK.  Alvum  exonerate.  Var.diaL  Cackabed, 
a  term  of  contempt,  Florio,  in  v.  (Zufizza  Ictto ; 
Hawkins,  iii.  63. 

CACKLE.    To  babble.    Var.  dial 

CACKLIKG-CHEAT.  A  cock  or  capon.  A  cant 
term,  found  in  Dekker's  Belman  of  London, 
1616 ;  Earle's  Microc.  p.  254. 

CACKMAG.   Chatter;  idle  talk.  East. 

CACORNE.  The  windpipe.   Devon. 

CAD.   A  very  small  pig.  East. 

CADAK.  A  light  frame  of  wood  put  over  a 
scythe  to  preserve  and  lay  the  corn  more  even 
in  the  swathe.  Staff. 

CADATORS.  Beggars  who  make  circuits  round 
the  kingdom,  assuming  the  characters  of  de- 
cayed gentlemen. 

CADDEL.    Cow  parsnip.    Devon. 

CADDIS.  Worsted,  or  worsted  ribbon.  "  Caddas, 
or  cruel  ribbon,"  Book  of  Rates,  1G75,  p.  293. 
The  dresses  of  servants  were  often  ornamented 
with  it.  There  seems  to  have  been  a  kind  of 
woollen  stuff  so  called.  Palsgrave  has, 
"  caddas  or  crule,  sayctte"  (f.  22.)  This  was 
used  for  stuffing  dresses.  See  the  Prompt. 
Parv.  p.  57. 

CADBLE.  (1)  A  dispute,  noise,  contention,  con- 
fusion. Var.  dial* 

(2)  To  coax;  to  spoil.   North, 

(3)  To  tease,  or  annoy.    West. 

(4)  To  scold ;  to  hurry ;  to  attend  officiously. 
West. 

(5)  To  squander  money.   Wanu. 
CADDOW.  A  jackdaw.  East.  "  Nodulnsis&lso 

for  a  caddow  or  dawe,"  Withals,  ed.  1608, 
p.  87. 

*  <  I  saw  a  daw,  a  knot  which  roundly  knat : 

Such  a  da\ve  1  never  saw  but  that**' 
CADDY.  (1)  A  ghost  or  bugbear.   North. 

(2)  The  caddis-worm,  or  .grub  of  the  May-fly. 
Devon. 

(3)  Well ;  strong ;  liearty ;  in  good  spirits.  North. 
CADE.  (1)  A  barrel  containing  six  hundred  her- 


called  a  cude  of  herrings.  In  Kent  a 
cade  of  beef  is  any  parcel  or  quantity  of  pieces 
under  a  whole  quarter.  See  Kennett,  p.  36  ; 
Ord.  and  Reg.  102;  Prompt.  Parv.  pp.  57, 
299.  A  small  cask  was  also  termed  a  cade; 
Florio,  in  v.  Bugnola.  "  Cadel  of  musculs  to 
potage,"  Ord.  and  Reg.  p.  445. 
(2)  Testis.  North. 

Telle  schul  wives  tuelve, 
3if  atii  child  may  be  made 
\Vithouten  knoweing  of  marines  cade. 

dt'thow  and  Merlin,  p.  3G. 
CADE-LAMB.    A  house-lamb.    North.    Hence 

applied  to  a  pet  child. 
CADENT.   Falling.   Shale. 
CADER.    A  small  frame  of  wood  on  which  the 

fisherman  keeps  his  line.   South. 
CADESSE.    A  jackdaw.    See  Cotgrave,  in  v. 
Chouchette;    Hollyband,     in    7.     Chouca; 
Marlowe,   iii.   534;    Withals,    ed.    1608,  p. 
23. 

CADEW.  The  straw-worm. 
CADGE.  (1)  A  circular  piece  of  wood,  on  which 
hawks  are  carried  when  exposed  for  sale. 

(2)  To  carry.    North. 

(3)  To  bind  or  tie.    Thoresby  says,  "  a  term  in 
making  bone-lace."     Palsgrave  has,  "  I  cadge 
a  garment,  I  set  lystes  in  the  lynyng  to  kepe 
the  piyghtes  in  order." 

(4)  To  stuff,  to  fill,  generally  at  another's  ex- 
pense.   North.    Hence  cadge-belly,  a  full  fat 
belly. 

CADGER.    A  packman  or  itinerant  huckster. 

Var.  dial   According  to  Kennett,  p.  36,  "a 

cadger  is  a  butcher,  miller,  or  earner  of  any 

other  load." 

CADGY.    Merry ;  cheerful.    North. 
CADLING.    False ;  insincere.    West. 
CADLOCK.    The  rough  cadlock  is  the  wild 

mustard,  and  the  smooth  cadlock  is  the  wild 

rape.    North. 

CAD  MA.   The  least  pig  of  the  litter.    Var.  dial 
CADNAT.   A  canopy. 
CADOCK.   A  bludgeon.   Somerset. 
CADUKE.      Crazy;   frail.    (Lat.}     See  Hall, 

Edward  IV.  f.  59  ;  Dial.  Creat.  Moral,  p.  154. 
CADY.    Foolish ;  addled,    Salop. 
CECITY.    Blindness.    Miege. 
CAFART.    A  hypocrite.    (Fr.} 
CAFF.  (1)  Chaff.  North.    See  Apol.  Loll  p.  54. 

(2)  To  cavil  or  run  off  a  bargain ;  to  abandon 
anything.  Craven. 

CAFFA.  Some  kind  of  rich  stuff,  perhaps 
taffata. 

CAFFLE.   To  cavil.  North. 

CAFT.   Intimidated.    Yorksh. 

CAG.  A  stump.    West. 

CAGED.   Imprisoned ;  confined.   North. 

CAGEL.  To  harrow  ground.   North. 

CAGMAG.  (1)  Properly  an  old  goose,  bat  ap- 
plied to  coarse  bad  food  of  any  kind.  There 
is  a  small  inferior  breed  of  sheep  called 
caymags. 

(2)  To  quarrel.   Wore. 

CAIE.    A  quay.   Minshw. 


CAL 


227 


CAL 


CAILES.  Nine-pins.  Minshev.  "  Caylys,  car- 
tlyns:,  and  haserdy,"  Reliq.  Antiq.  ii.  224. 

CAIN  ED.   Mothery.   North. 

CAIN  GEL.  A  crabbed  fellow.  North.  Caingy, 
peevish,  illtempered. 

CAIRD.   A  tinker.    Northumb. 

CAIRT.  A  chart.    Brit.  Bibl.  ii,  143. 

CAISAR.   A  king,  or  emperor.    (A.-N.) 

CA ITCHE.  The  game  of  tennis,  as  appears  from 
a  passage  quoted  in  the  Brit.  Bibl.  i.  135. 
Jamieson  gives  another  example,  hut  seems  in 
doubt  as  to  the  meaning  of  the  term. 

CAITIF.  A  wretch.  (^.-Ar.)  In  the  pro- 
vinces a  cripple  is  so  called.  An  adjective  in 
Hall's  Satires,  iv.  2,  base,  servile. 

CAITIFTEE.   Captivity.    WicMffe. 

CAKE.  (1)  To  cackle.   North. 

(2)  A  foolish  fellow.    Var.  dial 

CAKE-BREAD.  A  roll  or  manchet.  See  Ben 
Jonson,  iv.  512;  Hawkins'  Engl.  Dram, 
ii.  262. 

CAKE-CREEL.  A  rack  at  the  top  of  a  kitchen 
to  dry  oat-cakes.  North. 

CAKE-NIGHT.  The  eve  of  All  Saints,  so  called 
at  Ripon  in  Yorkshire,  at  which  time  a  cake  is 
made  for  every  member  of  the  family. 

CAKERED.   Bound  with  iron.   North. 

CAKE-SPRITTLE.  A  thin  board  of  about  the 
same  dimensions  with  the  hake-stone,  used  for 
turning  the  oat-cakes  while  over  the  oven. 
Yorfah. 

CAKO.  Some  kind  of  mineral,  mentioned  by 
Forman  in  MS.  Ashmole  208,  f.  78. 

CALABASS.  A  small  kind  of  gun,  alluded  to 
by  Bourne,  in  his  Inventions  or  Devises, 
1578. 

CALABER.  A  kind  of  fur.  See  Brit.  Bibl.  ii. 
401 ;  Strutt,  ii.  102 ;  Cov.  Myst.  p.  242. 

CALABS.   Steel. 

CALAMANCE.  Perhaps  for  calamanco,  a  kind 
of  woollen  stuff,  in  Lilly's  Midas.  Fustian  is- 
mentioned  immediately  afterwards,  applied  to 
language  in  a  similar  manner ;  and  as  the  sur- 
face of  calamanco  shines  somewhat  like  satin, 
our  reading  does  not  seem  to  be  improbable. 

CALANDER.  A  kind  of  lark.  See  Howell, 
sect.  39  ;  Sex  Linguarum  Dictionarius,  8vo. 
Nur.  1549.  This  seems  to  have  been  cor- 
rupted into  carnal. 

CALANGY.   To  challenge.    Rob.  Glouc.  p.  451. 

CALASSES.   Alms-houses.   Grose. 

CALCAR.  An  astrologer.  To  calke,  or  calkill, 
to  cast  a  figure  or  nativity.  See  Ritson's 
Fairies,  p.  45;  Bale's  Kynge  Johan,  p.  71; 
Prompt.  Parv.  p.  58 ;  Triall  of  Mens  Witts, 
1604,  p.  183. 

CALCOCOS.  Brass.   Howell. 

CALCULE.  To  calculate.  (A.-N.}  See  Chaucer, 
Cant.  T.  11596;  Troilus  and  Creseide, 
iv.  1398. 

CALDAR.  Tin.   Howett. 

CALDE.  Called. 

CALDESE.  To  cheat,  or  deceive,  especially  by 
fortune-telling,  Butkr. 

CALE.  (1)  A  turn.  North. 


(2)  To  throw ;  to  move  irregularly ;  to  gambol. 
East. 

(3)  Pottage.     "  No  man  can  make  of  ill  acates 
good  cale"  Cotgrave,  in  v.  Viande. 

(4)  Aubrey,  MS.  Nat.  Hist,  Wilts,  p.  291,  says 
that  cale  is  a  Dorsetshire  term  for  colewort. 
Calestoke  is  mentioned  in  a  receipt  in  MS. 
Med.  Line.  f.  297.    Cf.  Prompt.  Parv.  p.  58  j 
Skelton,  ii.  38. 

CALEEVER.  To  gambol.   North. 

CALENDER.  To  smooth  woollen  cloths, and  give 
them  a  gloss. 

CALENTURE.  A  hot  fever.  See  London  Prodi- 
gal, p.  129 ;  HalTs  Poems,  5 .  57. 

CALEWEIS.  A  kind  of  pear.  (A.-N.) 

CALF-LICK.  A  tuft  on  the  forehead  which  can- 
not be  made  to  lie  in  the  same  direction  with 
the  rest  of  the  hair.  North. 

CALF-STAGES.  Places  for  holding  calves. 
Glouc. 

CALF-TRUNDLE.  The  entrails  of  a  calf.  Figura- 
tively applied  to  the  ruffle  of  a  shirt,  or  flounces 
of  a  gown. 

CALF- YARD.  The  dwelling-place  of  our  infancy. 
North. 

CALIMANCO-CAT.  A  tortoise-shell  cat.  Norf. 

CALIS.  A  chalice.  (A.-S.)  See  Rob.  Glouc. 
p.  489 ;  Havelok,  187  ;  St.  Brandan,  p.  14. 

CALIVER.  A  large  pistol  or  blunderbuss.  See 
Ben  Jonson,  iii.  452 ;  Florio,  in  v.  Colioro  ; 
Marlowe,  iii.  256;  Brit.  Bibl.  i.  135. 

CALKINS.  The  parts  of  a  horse-shoe  which  are 
turned  up  and  sharpened  to  prevent  slipping. 
North.  See  Kennett,  p.  36;  Florio,  in  v. 
Rampone,  "  a  calkin  in  a  horses  shooeto  keepe 
him  from  sliding."  Cawkons,  Reliq.  Antiq. 
i.  83. 

CALL.  (1)  To  abuse  or  scold.  North 

(2)  Occasion ;  necessity.    Var.  dial. 

(3)  The  outlet  of  water  from  a  dam.   North. 

(4)  When  hounds  are  first  cast  off,  and  find 
game,  they  are  said  to  call  on. 

(5)  To  proclaim,  or  give  notice  by  the  public 
crier.    Var.  dial. 

CALLANT.   A  lad,  or  stripling.  North. 

CALLARDS.  Leaves  and  shoots  of  cabbages 
/.  Wight. 

CALL-BACK.  A  wear  or  dam.  North. 

CALLE.  (1)  A  species  of  cap,  or  network  worn 
on  the  head.    It  is  the  gloss  of  reticulum,  in 
MS.  Arund.  249,  f.  88,  which  Elyot  translates, 
"  a  coyfe  or  call,  which  men  or  women  used  to 
weare  on  theyr  beades."     Cf.  Troilus  and 
Creseide,  iii.  776  ;  Wright's  Pol.  Songs,  p.  158; 
MS.  HarL  2257,  f.  154 ;  Dent's  Pathway,  p. 
46 ;  Reliq..  Antiq.  i.  41 ;  Isaiah,  iii.  18. 
Maydyns  wer  callis  of  silk  and  of  thred, 
And  damsellis  kerchevis  pynnid  uppon.  therhed. 
MS.  Laud.  416,  f.  44. 

(2)  To  invite.    Perceval,  941. 

CALLED-HOME.  Asked  in  the  church. 

CALLER.  (1)  Cool;  fresh.  North. 

(2)  To  caper;  to  jump.  I.WigU. 

CALLET.  Asfloldjateb.  Often  a  term  of  tfae 
greatest  contempt.  It  is  still  in  use,  and  it 


CAM 


228 


CAM 


found  both  as  a  substantive  and  a  verb.    Cal- 
leting  housewife,  a  regular  confirmed  scold. 

CALLIERD.  A  hard  stone.    North. 

CALLING.  An  appellation.  Shak. 

CALLING-BAND.   A  leading-string.    North. 

CALLOT.  A  kind  of  skull-cap,  or  any  plain  coif. 
Nares. 

CALL-OVER.  To  publish  the  banns  of  marriage. 
Somerset. 

CALLOW.  (1)  Smooth  ;  bald;  bare;  unfledged. 
It  U  explained  implumis  in  Junius,  and  in 
Upton's  MS.  additions.  East. 

(2)  The  stratum  of  vegetable  earth  lying  above 
gravel,  sand,  limestone,  £c,  which  must  be 
removed  in  order  to  reach  them.  East. 

CALLS.  Pieces  of  tape.  North.  See  Cunning- 
ham's Revels  Accounts,  p.  7. 

CALLYMOOCHER.  A  term  of  reproach.  See 
Middleton,  i.  174.  It  is  probably  connected 
with  micher. 

CALLYVAN.  A  pyramidal  trap  for  catching 
birds.  Somerset. 

CALM.    Scum  of  liquor.  East. 

CALMES.  The  cogs  of  a  wheel.  Nort7i.  Appa- 
rently the  frames  of  a  window  in  Harrison's 
Description  of  England,  p.  187. 

CALMEWE.  A  kind  of  sea  bird.  See  Harts- 
home's  Met.  Tales,  p.  133 ;  caldmawe,  Lyd- 
gate's  Minor  Poems,  p.  202. 

CALMY.    Mothery.  East. 

CALSEY.  A  pavement,  or  causeway.  Huloet. 

CALSONS.  Close  linen  trousers  for  men.  See 
Howell,  Sect,  xxxiii. 

CALTROP.  An  instrument  with  four  spikes,  so 
contrived  that  one  of  the  spikes  always  stands 
upwards,  no  matter  in  what  direction  it  is 
thrown.  SeeFlorio,  inv.  Iribolo  ;  Arch.  xxi. 
51,  xxii.  386 ;  Middleton,  iv.  623 ;  Holinshed, 
Hist.  Engl.  p.  33,  Hist.  Ireland,  p.  89; 
Stanihurst's  Description  of  Ireland,  p.  57; 
Cotgrave,  in  v.  Chaussetrape.  Hall,  Henry 
V.  f.  16,  says  the  caltrop  was  introduced  after 
the  year  1415,  but  in  this  he  seems  to  be  mis- 
taken. Howell  says  it  was  used  in  hunting 
the  wolf.  There  was  also  a  kind  of  thistle  so 
called. 

CALUZ.    Bald.    Weoer. 

CALVERED -SALMON.  Salmon  prepared  in  a 
peculiar  manner,  frequently  mentioned  in 
early  authors.  Palsgrave  has,  "  calver  of  I 
samon,  escume  de  saulmon"  Cf.  Ben  Jonson,  i 
iv.  57 ;  Rutland  Papers,  p.  84 ;  Ordinances  and  j 
Regulations,  pp.  175,  225,  469;  Forme  of 
Cury,  p.  49.  It  was  prepared  when  quite 
fresh,  and  hence  the  term  seems  occasionally 
to  be  applied  to  fresh  salmon. 

CALVEREN.    Calves. 

Of  thi  calveren  on  this  wyse  \ 

BI  tirantis  hondis  oflfrld  here.         MS.  Digby  18. 

CALVES-HENGE.  A  calf  s  pluck.  Somerset. 
Calves-mugget,  a  pie  made  of  the  entrails  of 
calves.  See  Arch.  xiii.  370. 

CALYON.    A  stone  or  flint.   Palsgrave. 

CAM.  (1)  A  ridge,  or  old  earthen  mound.  Also, 
a  camp.  North.  See  the  State  Papers,  i.  886. 


(2)  Awiy.    North.    A  person  who  treads  down 
the  shoe  heel  is  said  to  cam. 

(3)  A  comb.    Cumb. 

CAMACA.  A  land  of  silk  or  rich  cloth.  Cur- 
tains were  often  made  of  this  material.  See 
the  Squyr  of  Lowe  Degre,  835  ;  Test.  Vetust. 
p.  14  ;  Cov.  Myst.  p.  163.  Camoca,  misspelt 
camora,  Test.  Vetust.  p.  12. 

CAMAIL.  A  camel.  (A.-N.)  A  neckguard,  ac- 
cording to  Planche,  p.  123,  was  also  so  called. 
It  was  sometimes  made  of  camel's  hair.  The 
thickest  part  of  the  armour  near  the  neck  was 
called  the  carnal  or  camail. 

CAM  ALT  ON.  The  camel-leopard.  See  Sh 
Ferumbras,  ap.  Ellis,  ii.  372. 

CAMARADE.    A  comrade.    Miege. 

CAMBER.  (1)  A  harbour.    South. 

(2)  Cambria;  Wales.     Warner. 

CAMBER-NOSE.  An  aquiline  nose.   Junius. 

GAMBLE.    To  prate  saucily.    Yorfah. 

CAMBRIL.  The  hock  of  an  animal.  Derby sh. 
Drayton  has  the  word,  imperfectly  explained 
by  Nares ;  and  it  occurs  in  Topsell's  Beasts, 
p.  408,  where  the  meaning  is  clearly  deve- 
loped. Blount  has,  "  cambren,  a  crooked 
stick,  with  notches  on  it,  which  butchers  use 
to  hang  sheep  or  calves  on,  when  they  dress 
them."  Glossographia,  ed.  1681,  p.  102. 

CAMBUCK.  (1)  The  dry  stalks  of  dead  plants,  as 
of  hemlock.  East. 

(2)  A  game  at  ball,  played  with  a  crooked  stick, 
mentioned  in  Stowe's  Survey,  ed.  1720,  i.  251. 

CAMBURE.    Hooked. 

GAMED.    Covered.    North. 

CAMELINB.     A  stuff  made  of  camel's  hair. 
(A.-N.}     See  Rom.  of  the  Rose,  7367. 
The  cloth  was  ryche  and  ry;t  fyn, 
The  chaumpe  it  w.is  of  red  camelyn. 

MS.Addit.  11307,  f-  97. 

CAMELYNE.  A  kind  of  sauce.  See  Pegge's 
Forme  of  Cury,  p.  66. 

CAMERARD.    A  comrade.    Greene. 

CAMERATED.    Arched  or  roofed. 

CAMERIKE.  Cambrick.  See  Strutt,  ii.  241 ; 
Arch.  ix.  251 ;  Brit.  Bibl.  ii.  399. 

CAMET.    Silver.    HowelL 

CAMIL.    Chamomile.    Somerset. 

CAMIS.  A  light,  loose  dress  or  robe,  of  silk  or 
other  material.  Camisado  is  a  similar  article 
of  dress.  "  To  give  a  camisado,  viz.  to  wear  a 
white  shirt  over  their  armes,  that  they  may 
know  one  another  in  the  dark,"  Howell, 
sect.  5.  Hence  an  attack  was  called  a  cami- 
sado ;  Holinshed,  Hist.  Engl.  pp.  8,  49, 155 ; 
Cotgrave,  in  v.  Diane. 

CAMLE.    A  camelion.    Maundevile. 

CAMMED.  Crooked.  Also,  cross,  illnatured. 
North. 

CAMMEDE.  Short  nosed.  See  Reliq.  Antiq. 
i.  240 ;  Prompt.  Parv.  p.  59. 

CAMMICK.  The  plant  restharrow.  Dorset. 
See  Piers  Ploughman,  p.  414. 

CAMMISH.  Awkward ;  clumsy.    South. 

CAMMOCK.    A  crooked  tree  or  beam ;  timber 


CAN 


229 


CAN 


prepared  for  the  knee  of  a  bhip.    w  As  crooked 
as  a  cammocke,"  Mother  Bombie. 

Though  the  cammoch  the  more  it  is  bowed  the 
better  it  is,  yet  the  bow,  Lhe  more  it  i*  b«?nt  and  oc- 
cupied, the  weaker  it  waxeth.  Lilly's  Euphues. 

CAMNYS.    Jambs,  or  leg-coverings. 

CAMOISE,  Crooked ;  flat.  (^.-A~.)  Also  spelt 
camuse,  Chaucer,  Cant.  T.  3932,  3972.  The 
\vord  is  generally  applied  to  a  nose. 

CAMOOCH.  A  term  of  contempt,  See  Middle- 
ton's  Works,  i.  239.  It  would  seem  to  have 
some  connexion  with  cavtoccia,  the  rupicaper, 
or  wild  goat 

CAMOROCHE.    The  wild  tansy. 

CAMP.  (1)  An  ancient  athletic  game  of  ball, 
formerly  in  vogue  in  the  Eastern  counties. 
Villages  used  to  be  matched  against  each  other 
in  this  amusement,  and  there  was  so  much 
rivalry,  that  the  term  came  to  be  generally 
applied  to  contend  in  anything.  Campyng, 
Reynard  the  Foxe,  p.  142*.  Lydgate,  Minor 
Poems,  p.  200,  compares  the  breast  of  a  wo- 
man to  "  a  large  campyng  balle."  In  Prompt. 
Parv.  p.  60,  occurs,  "  eaxnpar,  or  pleyar  at 
foottballe,  pediltisor."  Camp-ball  is*  also 
mentioned  in  tie  old  comedy  of  the  Blind 
Beggar  of  Bethnal  Gret>n,  quoted  by  Strutt, 
p.  101. 

Get  camper?  a  ball, 

To  U.MP  therewithal!.  Tusser,  p. 56. 

(2)  To  talk  of  anything.   Lane. 

(3)  A  hoard  of  potatoes,  turnips,  &c.    North. 
CAMPABLE.   Able  to  do.   North. 
CAMPANE.    Consisting  of  fields.     "  Campane 

bedde,"  Brit.   BibL  ii.  143.      Topsell,  Hist. 

Beasts,  p.  268,  mentions  "  the  cawpestriallQi 

ft  el  de -hare." 
CAMPERKNOAYS.     Ale-pottage,   made  with 

sugar,  spices,  £c.    Grose. 
CAMPE SON.  A  stuffed  doublet,  worn  under  the 

armour;  the  gambison. 
CAMPLE.  To  talk,  contend,  or  argue.    North. 

Spelt  also  campo,  and  Gamble. 
CAMPLETES.  A  kind  of  wine,  mentioned  in  a 

curious  list  in  MS.  Rawl.  C.  86. 
CAMSTEERIE.  Crazy.  Northtmb. 
CAMUSE.   See  Camoise, 
CAN.  (1)  A  milk-pail.    YorJcsh. 

(2)  Knows.    (^.-£)    The  present  tense  from 
canne,  to  know. 

(3)  To  be  able.    It  is  very  common  both  in  this 
sense  and  the  last  in  our  early  writers,  and  is 
used  in  a  variety  of  ways  by  the  Elizabethan 
writers.    GiSbrd  and  Dyce  have  confused  the 
two  meanings. 

(4)  Began  to.  Spenser.  It  is  used  as  an  auxiliary 
before  verbs  in  the  infinitive  mood  to  express 
a  past  tense,  gloss,  to  Syr.  Gawayne.     See 
Robin  Hood,  ii.  84  ;  Uttersot),  i.  106. 

When  the  lady  can  awake, 

A  dylfulle  gronyng  can.  sche  make. 

MS.  Cantab.  Ff.  ii.  38,  f.  83. 

CANABYE.  A  canopy. 

CANACIN.  The  plague.  Baity, 

CANAKIN.  A  small  drinking-cup. 

CANAPE.  A  canopy.  Rutland  Papers,  p.  10, 


CANARIES.  A  quick  and  lively  dance.  The 
persons  who  danced  it  sometimes  used  casta- 
nets. A  complete  account  of  the  dance  is 
given  in  Douce's  Illustrations,  i.  221.  See 
Fairholt's  Pageants,  ii.  1/3;  Middleton,  iii. 
39,  iv.  174  ;  Du  Bartas,  p.  51G;  Florio,  in  v. 


CANARY.  (1)  A  kind  of  sweet  wine,  very  much 
used  in  this  country  in  the  earlier  part  of  the 
seventeenth  century.  The  term  is  still  in  use 
for  a  glass  of  spirits,  "which  may  hence  have 
its  origin. 

(2)  A  sovereign.    Tar.  dial. 

(3)  A  kept  mistress.  North. 
CAN-BOTTLE.  The  long-tailed  titmouse.  Salop. 
CANCARBE.    Cankered  ;  corrupt.    "  Cancarde 

dksimulacyon,"  Hall,  Henry  IV.  f.  5.    Shake- 

speare uses  the  word  in  this  sense.    Also,  ill- 

natured,  peevish.    Cankardly,  Robin  Hood. 

i.  99. 
CANCELIER.   In  falconry,  is  when  a  light  flown 

hawk,  in  her  stooping,  turns  two  or  three 

times  upon  the  wing  to  recover  herself  before 

she  seizes. 
CANCH.   A  small  quantity  of  corn  in  the  straw 

put  into  the  corner  of  a  bam  ;  a  short  turn  or 

spell  at  anything  ;  a  trench,  cut  sloping  to  a 

very  narrow  bottom  ;  a  certain  breadth  in  dig- 

ging  or  treading  land,  or  in  turning  over  a 

dung-hill.  East. 

CANCRO.    A  Mud  of  imprecation.  (Hal.) 
CANDLE.    The  pupil  of  the  eye.    West. 
CANDLE-BARK.  A  round  cylindrical  box  ,  used 

for  holding  candles.    North.     Also  called  a 

candle-case. 
CANDLE-BEAM.   Huloethas,  "  candle-beame, 

suche  as  hangeth  in  gentlemens  halles,  with 

sockettes,  to    set    candels  upon,  lacunar." 

Abcedariurn,  1552. 
CANDLE-CAP.    An  old  hat  without  a  brim, 

with  a  candle  in  front  ;  chiefly  used  by  butch- 

ers. North. 

CANDLEN.   Candles.  Rol>.  Glouc. 
CANDLE  SHEARS.   Snuffers. 
CANDLE-WASTERS.    A  contemptuous  appel- 

lation for  hard  students. 
CANDLING.    A  supper  given  in  some  parts  of 

the  country  by  landlords  of  ale-houses  to  their 

customers  on  the  eve  of  Candlemas-day. 
CANE.    A  small  animal  of  the  weasel  kind. 

Var.  dial. 

CANED.    Mothery.   Yorkshire. 
CANEL.  (1)  A  channel,  (A.-N.)  In  Somersetshire 

the  faucet  of  a  barrel  is  so  called.  Canel-rakers> 

Cocke  Lorelles  Bote,  p.  10. 
(2)  Cinnamon.   (A.-N.)    See  Rom.  of  the  Rose 

1370  j  Cocaygne,  75;  Reliq.  Antiq.  i.  301  i 

KyngAlisaunder,  6794  ;  Wright's  Purgatory, 

p.  55  ;  Prompt.  Parv.  pp.  22,  60, 
CANELIS.   Lots.    Apol  Loll.  p.  93. 
CANE  -TOBACCO.   Tobacco  made  up  in  a  pe- 

culiar fora,  liighly  esteemed,  and  dear,  Nares 
CANGE.    To  whine.    North. 
CANIFFLE.,   To  dissemble  ;  to  flatter.    Devon. 
CANIONS.    Rolls  at  the  bottom  of  the  breeches 


CAN 


230 


CAP 


just  Mow  the  knee.  They  were  sometimes 
indented  like  a  screw ;  the  common  ones  were 
called  straight  cantons.  See  Plaudit,  p.  26G ; 
Strutt,  ii.  148 ;  Webster,  iii.  16o ;  Middlcton, 
iii.  573.  "  SuMyar,  a  paire  of  breeches  with- 
out camions"  Welde's  Janua  Linguarum, 
1615. 

CANK,  (1)  To  talk  of  anything;  to  cackle. 
Far.  dial. 

(2)  To  persevere ;  to  overcome  ;  to  conquer ;  to 
continue.     Wilts. 

(3)  Dumb.     Yorkah. 

CANKEDORT.    A  woful  case  ?     Chaucer. 
CANKER.  (1)  The  common  red  field-poppy. 

East.    Also  called  canker-rose. 

(2)  The  dog-rose.     Var.  dial. 

(3)  A  toadstool.    West, 

(4)  Rust.     Var.  dial 

(5)  A  caterpillar.    South. 
CANKERFRET.     Copperas.      Also  a  sore  or 

blister  in  the  mouth.    East. 

CANKERWEED.    The  ragwort.    Var.  dial 

CANKING.    Alining ;  dissatisfied.    DerbysJi. 

CANLE.    A  can  die.    Craven. 

CANNEL-BONE.  The  collar-bone.  Also  called 
the  channel-bone.  See  theNomenclator,  p.  30; 
Hawkins'  Engl.  Dram.  ii.  215 ;  Robson's  Met. 
Rom.  p.  19, 

CANNINESS.  Caution ;  good  conduct ;  care- 
fulness. North. 

CANNING.  Tying  a  can  to  a  dog's  tail,  an 
amusement  still  practised,  and  alluded  to  in 
the  Jaaua  Linguarum,  1615. 

CANNY.  Pretty ;  good ;  neat.  North.  It  is 
used  generally  in  a  sense  of  commendation. 
Canny-ninny,  a  sly  person. 

CANON.  A  portion  of  a  deceased  man's  goods 
exacted  by  the  priest.  See  the  State  Papers, 
ii.  512, 

CANONS.  The^first  feathers  of  a  hawk  after 
she  has  mewed. 

CANSEY.  A  causeway.  See  Marshall's  Rural 
Economy  of  Norfolk,  ii.  377. 

CANSH,  A  small  mow  of  corn.  Also,  a  small 
pile  of  faggots,  &c.  East. 

CANST.    Knowest    (A.-S.) 

CANSTICK.  A  candlestick.  This  is  a  genuine 
-archaism,  improperly  altered  by  some  of  the 
editors  of  Shakespeare.  See  "Wright's  Monas- 
tic Letters,  p.  26 ;  Cunningham's  Revels  Ac- 
counts, p.  65  ;  Ritson  on  Fairies,  p.  45. 

CANT.  (1)  Strong ;  hearty ;  lusty.  Also,  to  re- 
cover or  mend.  North.  "  Cant  and  kene," 
Minot,  p.  30  ;  Langtoft,  p.  50. 

(2)  To  throw  ;  to  upset.    Kent. 

(3J  An  auction.    North. 

(4)  To  let  fall.    Sussex. 

(5)  The  corner  of  a  field.    Any  comer  or  niche 
is  also  so  called,  and  in  Hampshire  a  small 
bundle  of  hay  is  termed  a  cant. 

(6)  To  backbite.    Herefordsh.    Also,  to  whine 
or  play  the  hypocrite, 

(7)  To  set  upon  edge.    East. 

(8)  A  company,  or  crowd,    North. 

(9)  A  canter,  or  vagabond. 


(10    To  divide.   Tusser,  p.  278. 

CANTABANQUI.    Ballad-singers.     (ltd.} 
CANTANKEROUS.    Contentious.     Var.  dial 

CANT-DOG.   A  handspike  with  a  hook.    North. 

CANTED,  Polygonal,  applied  to  the  portions 
of  a  building. 

CANTELING.   A  stake  or  pole.    North. 

CANTER.  A  vagabond;  one  who  speaks  the 
cant  language.  Spelt  cantler  by  Florio,  in  v. 
Birrtine. 

CANTERBURY.  A  canter,  or  short  gallop. 
Holme  mentions  the  Canterbury  rate  of  a 
horse,  in  his  Academy  of  Armory,  1688. 

CANT-HOOKS.    The  fingers.    North. 

CANTING-CALLER.    An  auctioneer.     North. 

CANTLE.  (1)  A  corner  or  angle ;  a  small  piece 
or  portion  of  anything.  (^.-£)  See  Chaucer, 
Cant.  T.  3010;  Morte  Arthur,  i.  25;  MS. 
Morte  Arthure,  f.  97  ;  Cotgrave,  in  v.  Eschan- 
tekr;  Middleton,  v.  209 ;  Turnament  of  Tot- 
tenham, xiii. ;  Drayton's  Poems,  p.  58.  Keii- 
nett,  p.  38,  says  that  it  means  "  any  indefinite 
,  number  or  dimension." 

And  a  cantell  of  hys  schylde, 
Flewe  fro  hym  ynto  the  fylde. 

MS.  Cantab.  Ff.  ii.  38,  f.  123. 

(2)  The  head.    Northumb. 

(3)  The  leg  of  an  animal.    North. 
CANTLE-PIECE.    That  part  of  the  end  of  a 

cask  into  which  the  tap  is  driven.  Northumd. 

CANTLY.    Strongly.    Minot,  p.  20. 

CANTON.  (1)  To  notch.    Florio. 

(2)  A  canto.    Shak. 

CANT-RAIL.    A  triangular  rail.    East. 

CANTRAP.    A  magic  spell.    North. 

CANTRED.  A  district,  similar  to  the  hundred, 
although  its  dimensions  have  been  variously 
estimated.  See  Holinshed,  Hist.  Ireland,  p.  4. 

CANTSPAR.    Afire-pole. 

CANTY.    Merry;  cheerful.    North. 

CANVAS  ADO.  Some  kind  of  stroke  in  fencing. 
See  Locrine.  p.  19 ;  Troubles  of  Queene  Eliza- 
beth, 1639,'sig.  D.  iv. 

CAP.  (1)  To  complete ;  to  finish ;  to  overcome 
in  argument;  to  excel;  to  puzzle  any  one. 
Also,  a  challenge  to  competition.   Var.  dial 
To  arrest. 
A  master  or  head.    Cumb. 

(4)  To  mend  shoes  at  the  toe. 

(5)  A  piece  of  iron  which  covers  the  end  of  the 
axle-tree.    See  Florio,  in  v.  Chiapperone. 

(6)  A  shepherd's  dog.    /.  Wight. 

(7)  The  cap  of  a  flail  is  the  band  of  leather  or 
•wood  through  which  the  middle-band  passes 
loosely.    There  is  one  cap  at  the  end  of  the 
hand-staff,  generally  made  of  wood,  and  an- 
other at  the  end  of  the  swingel,  made  of 
leather.    The  term  is  at  least  as  old  as  the 
fifteenth  century,  being  found  in  the  Prompt. 
Parv.  p.  61,  but  it  has  escaped  the  notice  of 
the  provincial  glossarists. 

CAPABLE,   Comprehensive.    Shah 
CAPADOS,    A  hood.   (^.-JV.)    Captyhowse  oc- 
curs in  the  same  sense  in  MS.  Arund.  24£> 
f.88. 


CAP 


•J31 


CAR 


CAP-CASE.  A  small  traveling  case,  or  band- 
box. Nares. 

CAPE.     The  coping  of  a  wall.    North. 
CAPE-CLOAK.    A  Spanish  cloak. 
CAPEL.    The  horn  joint  which  connects  the 

two  parts  of  a  flail.    Devon. 
CAPELLIXE.    A  skull-cap  of  steel.  j 

CAPER-COUSINS.    Great  friends.    Lane. 
CAPERDEWSIE.    The  stocks.    Butler. 
CAPERIKIS.    A  kind  of  wine,  mentioned  in  a 

curious  list  in  MS.  Rawl.  C.  86, 
CAPERLASH.    Abusive  language.    North. 
CAPER-PLANT.    A  common  garden  weed. 
CAPES.    Ears  of  corn  broken  off  in  thrashing. 

North. 

CAP  HA.    A  kind  of  damask  cloth. 
CAPILOME.     In  a  contest  in  a  harvest  field 
means  the  circumstance  of  one  set  of  reapers 
•  "being  so  far  in  advance  of  the  other  as  to  be 
out  of  sight  by  the  intervention  of  a  lull  or 
rise.    North. 

CAPIROTADE.  Stewed  mince-meat.  Howell, 
sect,  xliii.  According  to  Minsheu,  "  a  stewed 
meat  compounded  of  veale,  capon,  chicken,  or 
partridge  minced,  and  laid  upon  sevcrall  beds 
of  cheese." 

CAPISTEN.    The  capstan.    Arch.  xi.  160. 
CAPITAINE.    A  captain.     (A.-N.)     Capitay- 
nafe,  lordship,  captainship,  Dr.  Dee's  Diary, 
p.  43. 

CAPITLE.  A  chapter  or  summary.  (Lat.)    Ca- 
pitulated, enumerated,  TopselTs   History  of 
Serpents,  p.  13. 
CAPLING.    The  cap  of  a  flail. 
CAP-MONEY.    Money  gathered  for  the  hunts- 
man at  the  death  of  the  fox,  a  custom  nearly 
obsolete. 

CAPO.    A  working  horse ;  a  capul,  q.  v. 
CAPOCCHIA.    A  fool ;  an  innocent.  (Ital) 
CAP-OF-MAINTENANCE.  A  cap  of  a  peculiar 
form  carried  before  the  mayor  of  a  town  on 
state  occasions. 

CAPON.  (1)  A  letter.     Shaft. 
(2)  A  red-herring.    Kent. 
CAPON-BELL.    The  passing-bell.    Dek&er. 
CAPONET.    A  small  capon. 
CAPON-OF-GREASE.    A  fat  capon.    Trans- 

lated  attiUs  capus  by  Huloet,  1552. 
CAPON'S-FEATHER.    The  herb  columbine. 
CAPOUCH.     A  hood.    "  Attired  in  a  capouch 
of  written  parchment,"  Pierce  Penniless,  p. 
14. 

CAPPADOCHIO.  A  cant  term  for  a  prison. 
Kennett,  MS.  Lansd.  1033,  mentions  a  room 
in  a  prison  called  the  cappan-carl, 
CAP-PAPER.  A  coarse  sort  of  brownish  paper. 
See  the  Nomenclator,  p.  6;  Men  Miracles, 
1656,  p.  42. 

CAPPE.    A  cope,    Pr.  Parv. 
CAPPEL.    To  mend  or  top  shoes.     Craven. 
CAPPER.  (1)   One  who  excels.    North. 

(2)  To  chop  the  hands.    East.    Also,  to  coagu- 
late, to  wrinkle. 

(3)  A  cap-maker.    See  the  Chester  Plays,  L  4 ; 
Minsheu  and  Miege,  in  v. 


CAPP  Y-HOLE.  A  laud  of  game,  menibneu  in 
Brand's  Pop.  Antiq.  ii.  240. 

CAPRICIO.     A  caprice.     Shah. 

CAPRIFOLE.     The  honeysuckle. 

CAPRIOLE.    A  lady's  head-dress. 

CAPRYCK.  A  kind  of  wine.  Bale's  Kynge 
Johan,  p.  81 ;  caprihe,  Harrison,  p.  167. 

CAPS.  (1)  All  sorts  of  fungi.    East. 

(2)  Hoodsheaves  of  corn-shocks.  North.  Also 
called  capsheaves. 

CAP-SCREED.    The  border  of  a  cap.    North. 

CAPSIZE.  To  move  a  hogshead  or  other  vessel 
forward  by  turning  it  alternately  on  the  heads, 
Somerset. 

CAPTAIN.    Chief;  more  excellent.    ShaJc. 

CAPTIF.  Captive.  (4.-N.)  Captivate  in  the 
same  sense  in  Hawkins,  ii.  252 ;  to  take  cap- 
tive, Florio,  in  v.  Captivdre. 

CAPUCCIO.  A  hood.  Spenser.  Capachinwas 
used  in  the  same  sense  during  the  last  century. 

CAPUL.  A  horse.  North.  Also  spelt  capel, 
caple,  capyll,  £c.  See  Piers  Ploughman,  pp. 
37,  66,  354,  415,  416;  Elyot,  in  v.  Calallut, 
"  an  horse,  yet  in  some  part  of  England  they 
dooe  call  an  horse  a  caple  /"  Chaucer,  Cant.  T. 
17013 ;  Utterson,  i.  94 ;  capons,  Sir  John  Old- 
castle,  p.  63.  There  are  some  curious  obser- 
vations on  the  word  in  Stanihurst's  Descrip- 
tion of  Ireland,  p.  12.  A  domestic  hen  is  also 
called  a  capul,  as  in  the  Feest,  ix. 

CAR.  (1)  A  wood  or  grove  on  a  moist  soil,  gene- 
rally of  alders.  A  remarkable  floating  island, 
nearly  covered  with  willows,  and  called  the 
Car,  is  mentioned  in  the  Diversions  of  Purley, 
p.  443.  Any  hollow  place  or  marsh  is  also 
termed  a  car. 

(2)  A  rock.    (A-S.) 

(3)  To  carry.     South. 

(4)  A  cart.    North. 

(5)  A  gutter.    Line. 

CARABINS.  A  sort  of  light  cavalry  from  Spain, 
first  mentioned  about  the  year  1559.  They 
were  perhaps  so  called  from  their  carabines, 
or  muskets. 

CARACOL.  The  half  turn  which  a  horseman 
makes  on  either  side. 

CARACTES.  Characters.  (d.-N.)  See  Piers 
Ploughman,  pp.  233, 234  ;  Planche's  Costume, 
p.  247.  Caractered,  Anc.  Poet.  T.  p.  69.  Ca- 
rectis,  Lydgate's  Minor  Poems,  p.  85. 

Touchinge  those  brason  mouldcs  for  caractes  of 
the  planuetes,  yf  youe  have  them,  and  can  tell 
howe  to  use  them,  youe  have  a  good  thinge. 

MS.  Ashmole  240. 

GARAGE.    Measure ;  quality.     (A«*N.) 

CARAING.  A  carcase.  "  A  viler  caraing  nis 
ther  non,"  "Wright's  Pol.  Songs,  p.  203.  Ca- 
rayne,  Kyng  Alisaimder,  6469,  carrion, 

CARAVEL.    Alight  small  ship. 

CARAWAYES.  Palsgrave  has,  "  carawayes, 
small  confettes,  drawee"  These  comfits  were 
made  with  caraway  seeds,  and,  odd  as  it  may 
may  now  appear,  eaten  with  fruit  for  promot- 
ing eructation.  Caraways  are  still  considered 
carminative.  It  i&  melaudirly  to  peruse  the 


CAR 


232 


CAR 


blundering  of  the  commentators  on  tbfs  -word 
in  2  Henry  IV.  v.  3.  Our  ancestors  did  not 
eat  the  seeds  by  themselves  as  a  part  of  their 
desserts  or  banquets ;  caraways  there  mean 
caraway  comfits. 

CARBERRY.    A  gooseberry.    North. 

CARBOIL.    A  tumult.    Lane. 

CARBOKULL.    A  carbuncle. 

In  the  h>lte  was  a  carbtikull  stone, 
A  bettur  swyrde  was  never  noon. 

ATS.  Cantab.  Ff.  ii.  38,  f.  124. 

CARBONADO.  A  steak  cut  cross-ways  for 
broiling.  See  the  Xomenclator,  p.  88 ;  All's 
Well  that  ends  Well,  iv.  5  ;  Lilly's  Sapho  and 
Phao,  "  if  I  venture  upon  a  full  stomack  to 
eate  a  rasher  on  the  coales,  a  carbonado."" 

CARCANET.    A  necklace,  or  bracelet. 

CARCELAGE.    Prison  fees, 

CAR-CROW.    A  carrion  crow.     North. 

CARD.  (1)  Crooked.   North. 

(2)  A  chart.  Harrison,  p.  39.  Also,  a  mariner's 
compass. 

(3)  To  mix  bad  and  good  together. 
CARDER.  (1)  A  card  player.     See  Hawkins's 

Engl.  Dram.  i.  89. 
(2)  A  jackdaw.    Suffolk 
CARDEW.    An  aiderkar,  q.  v. 
CARDIACLE.   A  disease  affecting  the  heart. 
( (Jr.)    See  Piers  Ploughman,  pp.  266,  430  ; 
Chaucer,  Cant.  T.  12247  ;  Reliq.  Antk|.  i.  190. 
Also,  great  grief  or  anxiety. 

Suche  joie  Titus  gan  undretake. 
That  him  toke  a  cardhike 
Of  his  fadres  gret  honourc, 
That  he  schulde  be  emperoure. 

MS.  Addit.  10036,  f.  29. 

CARDICUE.    The  fourth  part  of  a  French 

crown,  corrupted  from  quart  d'ecu.  The  term 

occurs  in  our  old  dramatists, 
CARDINAL.    A  kind  of  cloak,  much  in  fashion 

about  1760,  and  recently  revived. 
CARE.  (1)    Grief;  concern;  vexation.     Also, 

solicitude ;  inclination. 

(2)  To  think  about  anything.   '*  I  care,  I  busye 
my  mynde  with  a  tbynge,"  Palsgrave. 

(3)  The  mountain-ash.   Devon. 

CARE -BED.  A  bed  of  care.  See  Percy's  Re- 
Kques,  p,  11 ;  Perceval,  1062. 

CARE-CAKE.   A  pancake.   North 

CARE-CLOTH.  A  square  cloth  held  over  the 
head  of  a  bride  by  four  men,  one  at  each 
comer.  Palsgrave  calls  it  cards  clothe,  and 
seems  to  say  it  was  then  (1530)  out  of  use. 

CARECFiIN.    Cheerfully.    Northumb. 

CAREFUL.    Sorrowful.    (A,-S.) 

CARE1RES.  Baret  has,  "  a  carrire,  the  short 
turning  of  a  nimble  horse,  now  this  way,  nowe 
that  way."  This  is  the  proper  meaning  of  the 
term,  which  is  applied  to  a  drunken  man  in 
the  Merry  Wives  of  Windsor,  i.  1.  An  in- 
toxicated man,  as  every  one  knows,  "  passes 
the  careires,"  turns  this  way,  that  way,  and 
overy  way.  See  Opticke  Glasse  of  Humors, 
1 639,  p.  24 ;  Cotgrave,  in  v.  Carriere,  Coursier; 
Florio,  in  v.  Ctirsa. 
CARE  WARE.  A  cart.  North. 


CARF.  (1)  Carved;  sliced.  See  Rob.  Glouc. 
p.  116  ;  Arthour  and  Merlin,  p.  183. 

(2)  The  breadth  of  one  cutting  in  a  rick  of  hay. 
Kent. 

CARFAX.  A  meeting  of  four  roads.  See  Prompt. 
Parv.  pp.  62,  188.  The  term  is  now  only  re- 
tained at  Carfax  in  Oxford. 

CARGO.    A  bully  or  bravo. 

CAR-HAND.  The  left-hand.  North.  "  With 
a  cast  of  the  car-honde,"  Kobson's  Met.  Rom. 
p.  22. 

CARIEN,    To  carry.    (4.-S.) 

CARIES.    Carats  of  gold.    (A.-N.) 

CARINE.    The  bottom  of  a  ship. 

CARK.  (1)  Stiff.    Leic. 

(2)  Care ;  anxiety.    Also,  to  he  careful  and  dili- 
gent.    Cf.  Collier's  Old  Ballads,  p.  38  ;  Phil- 
pot's  Works,  p.  328  ;  Cotgrave,  in  v.  Esmay  ; 
Ritson's  Ancient  Songs,  p.  29.     "  I  carke,  I 
care,  I  take  thought,;'^  chagrine"  Palsgrave. 

(3)  Forty  tod  of  wool. 
CARKES.  A  carcase.    Palsgrave. 

CARL.    A  churl ;  a  bondman ;  a  rude  country 
clown.   (A.-S.} 
Here  es  cury  imclene  carle  be  my  trowthe, 

Morte  Artfiure,  MS.  Lincoln,  f.  64. 
CARL-CAT.    Atom-cat.     North. 
CARLINE.    A  stout  old  woman.    North. 
CARLING.    A  penguin.    Skelton. 
CARLINGS.    Grey  peas,  steeped  all  night  in 
water,  and  fried  the  next  day  with  butter. 
Palm  Sunday,  formerly  called  Carling  Sunday, 
is  the  anniversary  of  this  dish ;  though  in  some 
villages  it  is  eaten  on  the  previous  sabbath. 
North. 

CARLISH.    Inflexible;  churlish.     North. 
CARLOT.    A  rustic,  or  churl.    ShaJc. 
CARMES.   Carmelite  friars.  (A.-N.}   See  Rom. 
of  tie  Rose,  7462  ;  Piers  Ploughman,  p.  453. 
An  hundrid  pounde  to  the  freris  grey, 
And  carmes  fyfty,  tarieth  it  not  I  say. 

Occleve,  MS.  Soc.  Antiq.  134,  f.  276. 

CARNADINE.    The  carnation. 

CARNARY-CHAPEL.  A  charnel-house.  See 
Lelandi  Itin.  ed.  1769,  iii.  12. 

CARNE.   A  plough  land.  State  Papers,  iii.  170. 

CAKNEL.    A  battlement.    (^.-AT.) 

And  the  camels  so  stondeth  upright, 
Wei  i-planed,  and  feir  i-dight. 

Castle  of  Love. 

CARNEY.    To  coax.     Var.  dial. 

CARNIFEX.  A  scoundrel,  (lat.)  See  Mid- 
dleton,  iii.  523 ;  Downfall  of  Robert,  Earl  of 
Huntingdon,  p.  39. 

CARNILATE.  To  build  stone  houses.  Harri- 
son's Description  of  England,  p.  206. 

CAROCH.  A  coach  or  carriage.  See  Cotgrave, 
in  v.  Embatage  ;  Drayton's  Poems,  p.  225 , 
Beaumont  and  Fletcher,  iii.  467 ;  Two  Lanca- 
shire Lovers,  1640,  p.  25. 

CAROIGNE.    A  carcase.    Rob.  Cfc*?. 

CAROL,  (1)  A  closet  or  small  study ;  a  kind  of 

g;w.     Carol-window,  a  bow-window.     See 
ucange,  in  v.  Carola. 

(2)  A  dance.  (A.-N.)  Rob.  Glou.  p.  53.  Also, 
to  dance. 


CAR 


233 


CAB 


And  wymraen,  y  seye  of  tho 
That  borwe  clothes  yn  carol  to  go. 

MS.  Harl.  1701,  f.  23. 

CARONYES.    Carcases.    Rob.  Glouc.  p.  265. 

CAKOUGHCLE.  A  small  boat,  made  of  horse- 
hide,  to  carry  a  single  person,  employed  on  the 
river  Dee.  Kennett. 

CAROUSE.  A  bumper. 

CARP.  Speech;  conversation.  Sometimes,  noise, 
tumult.  (A.-N.) 

CARPE.    To  talk  or  speak.   (A.-N.}   Palsgrave 

mentions  this  as  "  a  farre  northen  verbe." 

The  kyng  in  his  concelle  carpys  thes  wordes. 

Morte  Arthur e,  MS.  Lincoln,  f.  60. 

CARPET-KNIGHTS.  Knights  dubbed  at  court 
by  favour,  in  contradistinction  to  those  who 
were  so  honoured  on  the  field  of  battle  or  for 
distinguished  military  services.  They  are  men- 
tioned with  great  contempt  by  our  early 
writers ;  and  an  effeminate  person  was  called 
a  carpet-knight,  with  only  a  metaphorical  re- 
ference to  the  original  term.  "A  capring, 
carpet  knight,"  Heywood's  Iron  Age,  1632, 
sig.  C.  iv.  Also  called  a  carpet-monger. 

CARPET-STANDING.  A  small  piece  of  rich 
carpet,  for  royal  and  noble  personages  to  stand 
on  in  public  places  in  the  presence  of  royalty, 
or  where  sitting  would  not  be  considered  cor- 
rect etiquette. 

CARPET-WAY.    A  green  sward.    East. 

CARPMEALS.  A  coarse  kind  of  cloth  manu- 
factured in  the  North  of  England  in  the  reign 
of  James  I.  There  was  also  a  kind  of  white 
cotton  cloth  called  carpnel,  mentioned  in 
Strutt,  ii.  94. 

CARR.  A  kind  of  black  fibrous  stuff  washed  up 
by  the  sea  in  heavy  gales,  and  used  by  the 
poor  people  for  fuel.  East. 

CARRACK.  A  Spanish  galeon.  Sometimes  Eng- 
lish vessels  of  great  value  and  size  were  so 
called.  "  Du#  naves  Hispanicse,  vulgo  car- 
ricks  dictae,  capiuntur  ab  Anglis,"  MS.  Sloane 
392,  f.  402.  See  Du  Bartas,  p.  42;  D'Ave- 
nant's  Madagascar,  1648,  p.  17  ;  Webster,  ii. 
49;  Hardyng's  Chronicle,  f.  211;  Morte 
d' Arthur,  ii.  433.  There  was  a  smaller  and 
swifter  kind  of  vessel  called  by  this  name,  as 
appears  from  the  Squyr  of  Lowe  Degre,  819 ; 
and  in  Holinshed,  Description  of  Scotland,  p. 
22,  small  fishing  boats  called  carrocJcs  are 
alluded  to. 

CARRECT.   A  gold  carat. 

CARREFOUR.  A  place  where  four  ways  meet. 
Florio  has,  "  CrociccMo,  a  carre/oure,  or 
crosse  way." 

CARREL.  Fustian  cloth.  See  Book  of  Rates, 
1675,  p.  30;  Florio,  inv.  Guamello. 

CARRIAGE.  (1)  A  drain.    Wilts. 

(2)  A  belt  which  carries  a  whetstone  behind  the 
mower.    Var.  dial 

(3)  Import ;  tendency.  SkaJc. 

(4)  Power  of  resistance, 

CAHROCK.   A  heap  of  stones  used  as  a  boun- 
dary mark.   North. 
CARROSSE.   A  coach.  Florio* 


CARROY.  Regiment  or  body  of  eoldiers.  (A.-N.) 
CARRY.  (1)  To  drive.    Craven. 

(2)  To  recover.  North. 

(3)  To  "  carry  coals,"  to  submit  to  any  indig- 
nity, a  phrase  very  common  in  our  early  c^a- 
matists,  and  which  perhaps  had  its  origin  in 
the  mean  nature  of  that  occupation.     "  The 
time  hath  beene  when  I  would  a  scorn'd  to 
carry  coals,"  Troubles  of  Queene  Elizabeth, 
1639,  sig.  E.  iv. 

CARRY-MERRY.  A  kind  of  sledge,  used  in 
conveying  goods  from  one  warehouse  to  an- 
other. Somerset. 

CARRY-PLECK.  A  boggy  place,  whose  water 
leaves  a  red  sediment.  Lane. 

CARRY-TALE.    A  tale-bearer.    Shak 

CARRY-WITCHET.    A  conundrum,  or  riddle. 

.  Grose  says,  "  a  sort  of  conundrum,  puzzlewit, 
or  riddle." 

CARS.    A  corpse  or  body.   (A.-S.) 

CARSCHAFFE.  A  kerchief.  Chester  Plays, 
i.  72. 

CARSES.    Cresses.   Gerard. 

CARSEY.  Kersey.  See  Hall's  Satires,  iv.  2; 
"  Carsey  clothe,  cresy,"  Palsgrave ;  Harrison's 
Descr.  of  England,  pp.  163, 172 ;  Arch.  ix.  250. 

CARSICK.  The  kennel  or  gutter.  North.  Caw- 
sink-pin,  a  pin  picked  up  in  a  gutter. 

CART.    A  car ;  or  chariot.  (A.-S.) 

CART-BODY.  The  wooden  body  of  a  cart  or 
waggon.  Cartarse,  the  loose  end  of  a  cart. 

CART-BREAD.  A  kind  of  bread,  mentioned  by 
Elyot,  in  v.  Agor&us, 

CARTED.  Not  considered;  put  out  of  consi- 
deration, equivalent  to  "  put  on  the  shelf." 
See  Beaumont  and  Fletcher,  vi.  54. 

CARTER.  A  charioteer.  (A.-S.)  Kennett,  p.  42, 
mentions  an  insect  so  called. 

CARTLE.  To  clip,  or  cut  round.  Urry's  MS.  ad- 
ditions to  Ray. 

CART-LOOSE.    A  cart-rut.    North. 

CARTLY.    Rough ;  unmannerly.    North. 

CART-RACK.    A  cart-rut.   East. 

CARTRE.    A  charter.  Rob.  Glouc.  p.  77. 

CART-SADEL.  The  saddle  which  is  placed  on 
the  horse  in  the  shafts.  The  term  occurs  in  a 
curious  burlesque  in  Reliq.  Antiq.  i.  81. 

CARVANDE.    Cutting ;  sharp. 
He  had  a  spere  cwrande, 
And  towarde  the  batell  was  rydande. 

MS.  Cantab.  Ff.  ii.  38,  f.213. 

CARVE.  (1)  To  grow  sour,  or  curdle.  North. 

(2)  To  woo.    Mr.  Hunter,  Illustrations,  i.  215, 
has  the  merit  of  pointing  out  the  peculiar  use 
of  this  word,  although  he  has  not  discovered 
its  meaning,  which  is  clearly  ascertained  from 
the  use  of  the  substantive  carver  in  Lilly's 
Mother  Bombie,  "  neither  father  nor  mother, 
kith  nor  kinne,  shall  bee  her  carver  in  a 
husband ;  shee  will  fall  too  where  shee  likes 
best" 

(3)  As  much  land  as  may  be  tilled  in  a  year  with, 
one  plough. 

CARVEL.  A  basket  j  a  chicken-coop.  North. 
Also,  a  small  ship  or  caravel,  and  metaphori- 


CAS 


2.S4 


CAS 


cally  a  prostitute.    See  Hall,  Edward  IV.  f.  2 ; 
Minot,  p.  7G ;  Heywood's  Edward  IY.  p.  39 ; 
State  Papers,  i.  805. 
CARVETT.    A  thick  hedge-row.   Kent. 
CARVIS-CAKES.     Flat  round  cakes,  made  of 
oatmeal,  and  flavoured  with  caraway  seeds. 
Willan. 

CARYIST.    A  young  hawk. 
CARYON.    Carved ;  cut. 
CARYY-SEEDS.    Caraway  seeds.   Somerset. 
CAR-WATER.   Chalybeate  water.    North. 
CARY.    A  kind   of  coarse  cloth.    See  Piers 
Ploughman,   p.   475;    Collier's  Memoirs  of 
Alleyn,  p.  21. 
CARYE.    To  go. 

CARYSTYE.     Scarcity.     (Med.  Lat.) 
CAS.     Chance ;  hazard.     (J.-N.') 
CASBALD.     A  term  of  contempt.      See  the 

Towneley  Myst.  p.  213. 
CASCADE.     To  vomit.     Var.  dial 
CASE.  (1)  To  skin  an  animal.     See  Gent.  Rcc. 
ii.  77.     Hence,  to  strip,  as  in  Beaumont  and 
Fletcher,  iii.  150.     Cases,  skins,  Holinshed, 
Descr.  of  Scotland,  p.  18. 

(2)  A  pair,  as  of  pistols,  Ssc. 

(3)  Because.    Far.  dial. 
CASE-HARDENED.    Impenetrable  to  all  sense 

of  virtue  or  shame.    North. 
CASE-KNIFE.    A  large  knife,  kept  in  a  sheath, 

and  earned  in  the  pocket.    Var.  dial. 
CASELINGS.    The  skins  of  beasts  that  die  by 

any  accident  or  violent  death.     Chesh. 
CASELTY.  Uncertain ;  casual.   Went.  Caswelte, 

casualty,  occurs  in  MS.  Cantab.  Ff.  ii.  38, 

f.  51. 

CASEMENT.    A  concave  moulding-. 
CASE-WORM.   The  caddis.  East.   Florio  men- 
tions "casses  or  earthwormes,"  ed.    1011, 

p.  290. 
CASHED.  Cashiered.  SeeLeyccsterCorr.  p.  13; 

Holinshed,  Chron.  Irel.  p.  136. 
CASIERS.    Broad  wide  sleeves.    Devon. 
CASINGS.  Dri^l  cow-dung  used  for  fuel.  North. 

Casard  an'?  Oasen  occur  in  Pr.  Parv.  p.  63. 
CASK.    A  helmet,  or  casque.     See  Drayton's 

Poems,  p.  65 ;  Dodsley,  ii.  295. 
CASKET.   A  stalk,  or  stem.    North. 
CASPERE.    The  herb  cardiac. 
CASS.    A  word  to  drive  away  a  cat.  Somerset. 
CASSABULLY.    The  winter  cress.    South. 
CASSE.  To  discharge ;  to  break  or  deprive  of  an 

office;  to  cashier;  to  disband.    See  Cashed; 

Cotgrave,  in  v.  Casser,  Destitution,  Lonnt; 

Skelton,  ii.  107.    Cassen,  cast  off,  Brockett. 
CASSIASISTRE.  The  cassia  fistula,  described  by 

Gerard,  p.  1242.     See  an  early  list  of  plants  in 

MS.  Sloane  5,  f.  3. 
CASSOCK.  A  loose  outward  coat,  particularly  a 

military  one.    See  Ben  Jonson,  i.  62 ;  Har- 
rington's Nug.  Antiq.  i.  261 ;  cassaque,  Strutt, 

ii.  246. 

CASSON.    Beef.    Better. 
CAST.  (1)  A  second  swarm  of  bees  from  one 

hive.     Var.  dial. 
(2)  To  speak ;  to  address. 


(3)  A  stratagem  \  a  contrivance.    (d.-S.)     See 
Towneley  Mys>t.  p.  107  ;  Robson's  Pxom.p.  22: 
Harrison's  Descr.  of  England,  p.  236. 

(4)  A  brace  or  couple.      See   Beaumont  and 
Fletcher,  iii.  30,  108;   Florio,  in  v.  Copia; 
Privy  Purse  Expences  of  Hen.  VIII.  p.  141. 

(5)  Cast  off,  as  a  cast  ship,  Florio,  in  v.  Cor- 
6dmi,  "  cast  hulkes,  old  ships."     Cast  lips,  As 
You  Like  It,  iii.  4,  unless  we  may  read  chast 
lips,  as  in  ed.  1632,  p.  199. 

(6)  Plotted ;  devised.      Common  i*  our  early 
dramatists. 

(7)  To  mean,  intend.     Percy,     To  contrive, 
Melibeus,  p.  150.     "  I  caste  a  way,  I  devyse 
a  meanes  to  do  a  thing,"   Palsgrave.     See  the 
Basyn,  xix. 

(8)  To  yield;  to  produce.    Norf. 

(9)  To  choke  one's  self  with  eating  too  fast. 
North. 

(10)  Warped.  North.   See  Kennett,  MS.  Lansd. 
1033.    Ascham  uses  the  word. 

(11)  Opportunity;    chance.     North.     This  is 
perhaps  the  meaning  in  Cov.  Myst.  p.  129 ; 
Erie  of  Tolous,  452. 

(12)  A  sheep  is  said  to  be  cast,  when  it  lies  on  its 
back.    North. 

(13)  When  hounds  check,  and  the  huntsman 
tries  to  recover  the  scent   by  taking   the 
hounds  round  about  the  spot,  he  is  said  to  cast 
them.. 

(14)  To  vomit.     Common  both  as  an  archaism 
and  provincialism. 

(15)  To  cast  a  horse  is  to  throw  him  down  by  a 
rope  disposed  in  a  particular  manner,  for  any 
operation  requiring  confinement  of  the  limbs. 

(16)  Thwarted  ;  defeated.     Salop. 

(17;  To  deliver  prematurely,  as  cows  and  other 
beasts.    Salop. 

(18)  To  empty.  "  Casting  the  poondes,"  Howard 
Household  Books,  p.  21. 

(19)  To  set  a  hawk  on  a  perch.   Berners.    Also, 
to  purge  a  hawk. 

(20)  Looked  forward.    Devon. 

(21)  To  consider.     Thynne's  Debate,    p.   75, 
"  casten  how  the  matter  wyll  befall."     Also, 
to  determine.  Palsgrave,  and  Drayton's  Poems, 
p.  34. 

(22)  To  dismiss,  or  rather,  perhaps,  to  appoint 
persons  to  their  several  stations,  as  characters 
in  a  play.   See  Malone's  Shakespeare,  ix.  319. 

(23)  A  brood  or  flight  of  hawks.     "  Caste  of 
haukes,  nice doiseaux"  Palsgrave.  Sometimes 
a  couple,  as  in  (4). 

'24)  To  spin  a  top. 

'25)  To  cast  a  compass,  to  rectify  or  correct  it. 
Pakgrave. 

(26)  To  add  up  a  sum. 

(27)  To  cast  beyond  the  moon,  a  proverbial  phrase 
for  attempting  impossibilities.     Besides  the 
examples  quoted  by  Nares  may  be  mentioned 
one  in  Mother  Bombie,  ed.  1632,  sig.  Aa.  viii. 

(28)  Added.    WicklinVs  New  Test.  p.  9. 

(29)  A  castle.    Rob.  Glouc. 

To  think ;  to  cogitate.    Baret. 
(31)  A  small  portion  of  bread.    See  Ordinances 


CAT 


235 


CAT 


and  Regulations,  pp.  26,  50,  72  *,  Harrison's 
Descr.  of  England,  p.  168.  It  seems  to  mean 
the  portions  of  several  loaves  together  into 
which  bread  is  generally  baked.  "  A  caste 
piece,"  several  pieces  joined  into  one,  Florio, 
in  v.  Caverna. 

(32)  To  throw  dice. 

(33)  To  "cast  up,"  to  upbraid;  to  reproach. 
North.     Palsgrave  has  this   phrase  in  the 
sense,  to  forsake ;  "  I  cast  up,  I  forsake  a 
thyng." 

(34;  To  "  cast  a  person's  water,"  to  find  out 
diseases  by  the  inspection  of  urine,  a  very 
common  practice  in  former  times.  The  phrase 
is  used  by  Shakespeare. 

(35)  To  "  cast  afore,'7  to  forecast.    Palsgrave. 

(36)  "  I   cast   my  penyworthes,  je  pourjecte; 
whan  I  have  all  caste  my  penyworthes,  I  maye 
put  my  wynnyng  in  myn  eye,"   Palsgrave, 
f.  183. 

(37)  To  groan.    Warw. 

(38)  Strife ;  contention. 

(39)  To  condemn.    Minsheu. 

(40)  To  arrange  or  dispose.    Pr.  Part. 
CASTELET.    A  turret.     (A.-N.) 
CASTELIS.    Camps.    (Lat.) 
CASTELLE.    A  large  cistern. 
CASTE N.    Cast  off.    North. 
CASTER.  (1)  A  cloak.    Dekker. 

(2)  A  cow  that  casts  her  calf. 

CASTING-BOTTLE.  A  bottle  used  for  casting, 
or  sprinkling,  perfumes,  introduced  about  the 
middle  of  the  sixteenth  century.  See  the 
Tragedy  of  Hoffman,  1631,  sig.  C.  iii ;  Unton 
Inventories,  p.  27.  Also  called  a  casting-glass, 
as  in  Ben  Jonson,  ii.  144 ;  Privy  Purse  Ex- 
pences  of  Mary,  p.  144. 

CASTLE.    A  kind  of  close  helmet. 

CASTLE  WARDS.  A  tax  formerly  laid  on  those 
that  dwelt  within  a  certain  distance  of  a  castle, 
for  the  support  of  the  garrison.  See  Lam- 
barde's  Perambulation,  1596,  p.  155. 

CASTLING.  A  calf  born  before  its  proper  time. 
See  Hollyband,  in  v.  Avorton  ;  Men-Miracles, 
1656,  p,  6. 

CASTOCK.    The  heart  of  a  cabbage.    North. 

CASTON.    A  capstan.    Florio. 

CASTOR.  A  beaver.  (^.-JV.)  There  was  a 
herb  called  "  the  balloc  of  the  castor"  MS. 
Sloane  5,  f.  3.  Cf.  Brit.  Bibl,  iv.  26. 

CASTREL.  A  kind  of  hawk,  not  very  courage- 
ous, and  therefore  seldom  used  for  sporting 
purposes.  See  the  Feest,  ix  (?) ;  Gent  Rec.  ii. 
32  ;  Brit.  Bibl.  ii.  118. 

CASUALTY.  The  flesh  of  an  animal  that  dies* 
by  chance.  East. 

CAT.  (1)  A  mess  of  coarse  meal,  clay,  &c.  placed 
in  dove-cotes,  to  allure  strangers.  East. 

(2)  A  ferret.    Suffolk. 

(3)  The  trap  at  the  game  of  Trap  and  Ball  was 
formerly  called  a  cat,  and  the  game  itself  also 
went  under  this  name,  or,  according  to  Howell, 
Cat  and  Trap.    See  Florio,  in  v.  Lippa,  Tr£p- 
pola;  Cotgrave,iu  v.  Martinet,  Qttitte;  but  the 
game  of  cat  is  more  properly  that  played  with 


sticks,  and  a  small  piece  of  wood,  rising  in  the 
middle,  so  as  to  rebound  when  struck  on  either 
side.  This  game  is  still  played,  and  is  even  a 
favourite  in  the  metropolis.  See  Nares,  and 
Middleton,iv.527.  It  is  also  called  Cat  andDog, 
as  Mr.  Hartshorne  notices,  Salop.  Antiq.  and 
also  in  MS.  Addit.  5008,  under  the  year  1582. 
Take  them  who  dares  at  nine-holes,  cardes,  or  cat. 
Peacham'a  Thalias  Banquet,  1G20. 

CATADUPE.    A  waterfall.    (Lat.} 

CATAIAN.    A  sharper. 

CATAPUCE.    A  kind  of  spurge.    (^.-JV.) 

CAT-ARLES.  An  eruptive  disorder  on  the 
skin.  North. 

CATAYL.  A  sort  of  vessel.  See  Richard  Coer 
de  Lion,  1407.  There  is  a  ship  called  a  catch, 
mentioned  in  Harrison,  p.  201,  for  which  this 
may  be  an  error. 

CAT-BEAGLE.  A  swift  kind  of  beagle  men- 
tioned in  the  Gent.  Rec.  ii.  68. 

CAT-BILL.    A  woodpecker.    North. 

CAT-BLASH.  Anything  thin  or  sloppy,  as  weak 
tea.  Line. 

CAT-B RAIN.  A  kind  of  rough  clay  mixed  with 
stone.  West. 

CAT-CALL.  A  kind  of  whistle,  chiefly  used  at 
theatres,  to  interrupt  the  actors,  and  damn  a 
new  piece.  It  was  in  common  use  some  years 
ago,  but  is  not  often  heard  at  the  present  day. 

CATCH.  (1)  A  few  hairs  drawn  out  of  a  knot  or 
bunch,  which  is  woven  in  the  silk. 

(2)  To  "  catch  copper,"  to  take  harm,  to  fall 
into  evil. 

CATCH-CORNER.  A  Well-known  child's  game. 

CATCHED.    Entangled.    Beds. 

CATCHEREL.    A  catchpole.    Pr.  Pan?. 

CATCHIS.     Causeth.    Hearne. 

CATCH-LAND.  Border-land,  of  which  the  tithe 
was  disputable,  and  taken  by  the  first  claimant 
•who  could  catch  it.  Norf.  This  custom  is 
nowr  of  course  obsolete. 

CATCH-ROGUE.    A  constable,  or  bailiff.  East. 

CATCH-WATER.  A  reservoir  of  water  in  a 
newly-erected  common.  Somerset. 

CATCHY.  Disposed  to  take  an  undue  advan- 
tage. It  occurs  in  the  sense  of  showery  in  the 
Times,  August  24th,  1843. 

CATEL.  Goods;  property  ;  possessions  ;  trea- 
sure, or  money.  (A.-N.)  See  Piers  Plough- 
man, p.  70 ;  Ellis's  Met.  Rom.  ii.  207  ;  Octo- 
vian,  803  ;  \YicklinVs  New  Test,  p.  67. 

CATER.  (1)  A  caterer.  See  Brit.  Bibl.  i.  407 ; 
Florio,  ed.  1611,  p.  155. 

(2)  To  cut  diagonally.    Var.  dial. 

CATER-COUSINS.    Good  friends.    Var.  dial 

CATERPILLAR.    A  cockchafer.    Somerset. 

CATERRAMEL.    To  hollow  out.    Warw. 

CATERY.  The  place  in  a  large  house  or  palace 
where  provisions  were  kept  or  distributed. 
See  the  Ordinances  and  Regulations, pp.  68, 97. 

CAT-GALLOWS.  A  child's  game,  consisting 
of  jumping  over  a  stick  placed  at  right  angles 
to  two  others  fixed  in  the  ground. 

CATHAMMED.    Clumsy ;  awkward.    South. 

CATHAWS.    Common  tews.    North. 


CAU 


236 


CAW 


CATHEDBAL.    A  bully.    Line. 
GATHER.    A  cradle.    North. 
CATHERN.  A  Catherine-wheel  West.  A  merry- 
making cm  St.  Catherine's  day  is  called  ca- 

therning. 

CAT-HIP.    The  hornet-rose.    North. 
CAT-IN-PAN.    A  cat  in  pan  is  a  turncoat,  or 

deserter  from  his  party ;  to  turn  cat  in  pan,  to 

be  a  turncoat,  to  desert. 
CAT-LAP.    Tea.     Var.  dial. 
CATLING.    The  string  of  a  lute  or  violin,  made 

of  cat-gut.    Strings  for  hats  were  also  called 

catlings.    See  the  Book  of  Rates,  1675,  p.  79. 
CATMALLISONS.    Cupboards  near  chimneys, 

where  dried  beef  and  provisions  are  kept. 

North 
CATRIGGED.    Linen,  when  badly  creased,  is 

5»aid  to  be  catrigged.     North. 
CATS.    Coverings  under  which  soldiers  might 

lie,  ready  to  attack.    Gifford  seems  to  have 

explained  the  term  erroneously  in  Shirley, 

vi.  16. 
CATS-CRADLE.   A  game  played  by  children, 

with  string  twisted  oa  the  fingers. 
CATS-FOOT.  Ground  ivy.  North. 
CATS- HE  AD.  A  kind  of  porous  stone  found  in 

coalpits,  mentioned  by  Aubrey,  Nat.  Hist. 

Surrey,  iii.  327 ;  MS.  Nat.  Hist.  Wilts,  p.  54. 

Rider  mentions  an  apple  of  this  name. 
CATS'-SMERE.    A  kind  of  axungia,  mentioned 

in  an  early  list  of  plants  in  MS.  Sloane  5,  f.  2. 
CATSO.    A  term  of  abuse  or  contempt.  (Ital) 
CATS-TAIL.  (1)  The  catkin  of  the  hazel  or  wil- 
low.  Var.  dial.  See  the  Nomenclator,  p.  142, 

"  the  cats?  tailes  on  nut  trees." 

(2)  The  herb  horsetail.     Var.  dial. 

(3)  A  sore  place,  or  fester.    See  Cotgrave,  in  v. 
Chat.  Elyot,  in  v.  Furunculus,  calls  it  a  cattes 
heare. 

(4)  A  flogging  whip  ? 

Butevere  beware  of  Cristis  curse  and  of  cattis-tailes. 
MS.  D*>.y  41,  f.  16. 

CAT-STAIRS.  Tape,  &c.  so  twisted,  that  by  its 
alternate  hollows  and  projections,  it  resembles 
stairs.  North. 

CATTER.    To  thrive.    North. 
CATTON.    To  beat;  to  thump.    North. 
CATWHIN.    The  dog-rose.    North. 
CAT-WITH-TWO-TAILS.   An  earwig.  North. 
CATWITTED.    Silly  and  conceited.    North. 
CATWRALLING.  Caterwauling.  Topsell,p.  105, 
CATYFDAM,    Captivity ;  wretchedness. 
CATZERIE.    Cheating;  roguery.    (Ital) 
CAUCH.  A  nasty  mixture,  Devon.  Sometimes 

called  a  cauch&ry, 

CAUCL  A  path  or  road.  (A.-N.) 
King  Yder  and  his  overcome 
Open  a  cauci  bi  a  brake. 

Arthour  and  J&erlin,  p.  287. 

CAUCIOUR.    A  surveyor.    Cumb. 

CAUD.    Cold.    North. 

CAUDBBEC.    A  French  hat,  worn  in  England 

about  the  year  1 700. 
CAUDERNE.    A  caldron.    It  is   glossed  by 

lebes  in  MS.  Anmd.  249,  f.  89.    Cawdroun,  j 


Maundevile,  p.  250.     Cawdurn,  Reliq.  Antiq. 
LSI. 

CAUDLE.  Any  slop.  Devon.  This  is  pretty 
nearly  the  older  use  of  the  word,  which  was 
generally  applied  to  any  sloppy  mess  in  cookery. 
See  a  curious  satirical  notice  of  the  word  in 
this  sense  in  Piers  Ploughman,  p.  98. 

CAUD-PIE.   A  disappointment  or  loss.   North, 

CAUFTE.    Caught.    Amis  and  Amil  2455. 

CAUGLE.    To  quarrel.    North. 

CAUK.    Limestone.    East. 

CAUL.  (1)  A  spider's  web. 

(2)  A  swelling.    North. 

CAULD.    A  dam-head.    North. 

CAUMPERSOME.     Lively ;  playful.    Deroysh. 

CAUP.    To  exchange.    North. 

CAURY.  Worm-eaten.  (A.-N.)  Caiiry  maury, 
Skelton  and  Piers  Ploughman  ?  This  phrase 
in  Skelton  may  perhaps  have  some  connexion 
with  the  Scottish  term  Mrrywery. 

CAUSE.    Because.     Var.  dial. 

CAUSELLE.    Cause? 

Of  whom  the  sprynge  was  not  causelle 
Of  fortune,  ne  sodeyue  aventure. 

Lydgate,  MS.  Soc.  Antiq.  134,  f.  22. 

CAUSEY.  A  causeway.  See  Lambarde's  Per- 
ambulation, ed.  1596,  p.  425  ;  Harrison,  p.  37. 

CAUSH.    A  sudden  declivity.    North. 

CAUSIPICK.     A  lawyer,    Minsheu. 

CAUTEL.  A  cunning  trick.  (A.-N.)  Can- 
felled,  divided,  Cleaveland's  Poems,  ed.  1660, 
p.  182.  Nares  has  cautetted  in  the  sense  of 
provided.  Cautekus,  artful,  artfully  cautious, 
a  very  common  word.  Cautelously,  Arch.  xiv. 
261. 

CAUTION.  A  pledge,  or  surety.  Palsgrave. 
The  money  paid  at  the  Cambridge  colleges  on 
admission  is  still  called  caution  money,  a  se- 
curity for  debts  that  may  be  contracted. 

CAYE.  (1)  To  tilt  up.    Salop. 

(2)  To  fall  in,  as  earth  does  when  undermined. 
'Var.  dial 

(3)  To  rake ;  to  separate.  Soiith.  Also,  to  thrash 
corn. 

(4)  A  cabbage.    North. 

CAVEARE.  The  spawn  of  a  kind  of  sturgeon 
pickled,  salted,  and  dried.  See  the  Muses 
Looking-Glasse,  1643,  p.  31 ;  Brit.  Bibl.  ii. 
541 ;  Book  of  Rates,  p.  31. 

CAVEL.    A  part  or  share.    North. 

CAVENARD.    A  term  of  reproach.     (A.-N.) 

CAVERSYNE.    A  hypocrite.     (A.-N.) 

Okkyrre&e  and  cavttraynes 
Also  swylk  ere  as  Saresyns. 

R.  de  Brunne,  MS.  Bowes,  p.  91. 

CAVILATION.   Cavilling.    (A.-N.)     See  King 

Leir,  p.  417;  Hardyng,  f.  174;  Simonides, 

2d  pt.  1584. 
CAVING.    Chaff  and  refuse  swept  from  the 

threshing  floor.    East. 
CAVOUS.    Hollow ;  abounding  in  caves.    See 

Thorns'  Anecdotes  and  Trad.  p.  115, 
CAW.    The  rot  in  sheep.    Devon.    Florio  has 

the  term,  to  bring  forth  a  lamb. 
CAWART).    Backward.    Robin  Hood,  i.  84 
^AWJSABY,    An  awkward  shy  boy.     Devon. 


CEK 


2J7 


CEN 


CAWDAW.    A  jackdaw.    North. 

CAWDRIFE.    A  shivering  feeling.     North. 

CA\VE.    To  go,  or  walk.     (A.-N.) 

CA\YF.    An  eel-box.    East. 

CAWFTAIL.     A  dunce.     Lane. 

CAWHAND.     The  left-hand.    North. 

CAWKEN.  To  breed,  a  term  generally  applied 
to  hawks.  See  Gent.  Rec.  ii.  62  ;  Piers  Plough- 
man, pp.  223,  241. 

CAWKY.     Frumpish.    Line. 

CAWL.  (1)  To  frighten  or  bully.     North. 

(2)  A  swelling  from  a  blow.     JorJcsh. 

(3)  A  coop.    Kent. 

(4)  A  kind  of  silk. 

(5)  To  do  work  awkwardly.     North. 
CAWN.     Called.     Var.  dial. 
CAWNSE.    A  pavement.    Devon. 
CAWPE.    A  cup.    Brit.  Bibl.  iv.  18. 
CAWTE.    Cautious.    Ritson. 
CAXON.    A  worn-out  wig.    Somerset. 
CATERS.    Comers.    MS.  Morte  Arthure,  f.  58. 
CAYRE.    Togo. 

Of  alle  the  welthe  and  the  wanes  thou  hade  in  kepynge, 
To  cayre  with  that  cumly  thou  keste  the  fulle  clene. 
MS.  Lincoln  A.  i.  17,  f.  231. 

CAYTEFETE.    Wretchedness.     (A.-N.) 

And  my  modir  consayved  me 
In  mekille  synne  and  caytefett. 

MS.  Lincoln  A.  i.  I/,  f.  276. 
CATYA&,    A  kind  of  ship,  mentioned  in  Kyng 

Alisaunder,  6062. 

CAZAMI.  An  old  astrological  terra,  denoting 
the  centre  or  middle  of  the  sun.  Gent.  Rec. 
i.  100. 

CA3TE.     Caught.     Rob.  Glouc. 
CE.    Plare.    [Sea?] 

Some  tuggo,  sum  drawe  fro  ce  to  ce  ; 
A 1  Lorde  Jhesu,  how  may  thys  be  ? 

MS.  Hurl.  1701,  f.  87. 

CEAGE.    A  key.     Verstegan. 

CEASE.    To  die.    Shak. 

CEATE.    A  membrane.     Topsell 

CEC.     Sick.    Pr.  Parv. 

CECHELLE.    A  satcheL     Pr.  Parv. 

CECILE.    St.  Cecilia.    (A.-N.) 

CECYNE.    To  cease.    Pr.  Parv. 

CEDULE.  A  scroll  or  schedule.  See  Test. 
Vetust.  p.  495  j  Arch.  xi.  436. 

CEE.  The  sea.  See  Kyng  Alisaunder,  5158  ; 
Prompt.  Parv.  p.  64.  Ce-king,  a  sea-king, 
Holinshed,  Hist.  Engl.  p.  84. 

CEELDAM.    Seldom.    Pr.  Parv. 

CEGE.  A  seat,  or  bench.  Pr.  Parv.  Also  a 
jakes,  or  siege. 

CEGGE.  The  water  flower  de-luce.  Translated 
by  accorus  in  Prompt.  Parv.  p.  64.  See  Ge- 
rard, p.  46.  It  is  also  written  for  sedge  or 
carex  in  the  former  work. 

CEISE.    To  seize.    (A.-N.) 

CEK.    A  sack.    Prompt.  Parv. 

CEKYNE.  (1)  To  fall  sick.    Prompt.  Parv. 

(2)  To  seek,  or  search.  Ibid. 

CEKYR.    Securely. 

Than  dar  I  sey  cekyr,  and  be  myn  hoode. 
Here  trewe  service  to  jowe  than  wyl  they  prove. 

MS.  Cantab.  Ff,  i.  6,  f.  153. 


CEL.    A  seal.    Rob.  Glouc.  p.  77. 

CELADE.    A  skull-cap  for  the  head.    Celate, 

Florio,  in  v.  BacinCtto. 
CELATURE.     The  ornamented  under-surface 

of  a  vault.     Lydgate. 
CELDE.     Sold.     Pr.  Parv. 
CELDOM.    Seldom.     Pr.  Parv. 
CELE.  (1)  Happy ;  blessed ;  godly.     (A.-S.) 

(2)  Happiness ;  prosperity  ?    (A.-S.) 

And  so  he  shal,  that  woot  I  wele, 
For  he  is  al  bisett  with  cele. 

Cursor  Mundi,  MS.  Coll.  Trin.  Cantab, 

(3)  A  canopy.    Rutland  Papers,  pp.  7, 10. 

(4)  Time ;  season.    Pr.  Parv. 

(5)  "  I  cele  a  hauke  or  a  pigyon  or  any  other 
foule  or  byrde,  whan  I  sowe  up  their  eyes  for 
caryage  or  otherwyse,"  Palsgrave. 

CELED.     Decorated,  sculptured,  or  painted. 

Also,  wainscoted.      Wainscot  is  still  called 

ceiling  in  Yorkshire.     Craven  Glossary,  i.  65. 
CELEE.     Strange ;  wonderful.     Gower. 
CELERER.     The  officer  in  a  monastery  who 

had  the  care  of  the  provisions.    (Lat.) 
CELESTINE.    A  kind  of  plunket  or  coloured 

cloth,  usually  having  broad  lists. 
CELESTIVE.     Celestial. 
CELLAR.    A  canopy.    "  Cellar  for  a  bedde, 

del  de  lit"  Palsgrave.      "  A  celler  to  hange 

in  the  chamber,"  Ordinances  and  Regulations, 

p.  127. 

CELLE.    A  religious  house.   (Lat) 
CELLEN.     Cells.     Rob.  Glouc.  p.  233. 
CELSITUDE.     Highness.    (J.-N) 
CELWYLLY.     Unruly.     Pr.  Parv. 
CEME.     A  quarter  of  corn.     Pr.  Parv 
CEMELY.     Seemly.     Pr.  Parv. 
CEMELYNE.    To'compare.     Pr.  Parv. 
GEMMED.    Folded ;  twisted. 
CEMY.     Subtle.     Pr.  Parv. 
CEMYS.    Seems ;  appears. 
CEN.     To  ken,  or  know.    Ritson. 
CENCLEFFE.    The  daffodil. 
CENDAL.    A  species  of  rich  thin  silken  stuff, 

very  highly  esteemed.    See  Strutt,  iL  3 ;  Gy 

of  Warwike,  p.  421 ;  Ellis's  Met.  Rom.  ii.  15. 

"  Cendell,  thynne  lynnen,  sendal"  Palsgrave. 
Her  gomfainoun  was  of  cendul  Ynde, 
Of  gold  ther  were  on  thre  coronne. 

Arthour  and  Merlin,  p.  209. 
GENE.  (1)  A  supper.     (Lat.) 

Certys,  seyd  Petyr,  thys  nyjt  at  the  cene, 
He  seyd,  eftsones  we  shuldyn  hym  sene. 

MS.  Karl.  1701,  f.91. 

(2)  A  kind  of  sauce.     See  the  Ordinances  and 
Regulations,  p.  452. 

(3)  An  assembly.     Palsgrave. 
CENGYLLE.     Singular.    Pr.  Parv. 

CENS.  Incense.  Palsgrave.  Cf.  Chester  Plays, 
i.  282 ;  Ordinances  and  Regulations,  p.  120. 
Censing,  sprinkling  with  incense,  Davies'  An- 
cient Rites,  1672,  p.  23. 

CENSER.  An  incense  pot.  (4.-N.)  In  Shake, 
speare's  time  the  term  was  applied  to  a  bottle 
perforated  at  top,  used  for  sprinkling  perfumes. 

CENSURE.  Judgment ;  opinion.  Also  a  verb, 
to  give  an  opinion,  to  judge. 


CER 


238 


OHA 


CENT.  A  game  at  cards,  so  called  because  100 
was  the  game.  It  is  supposed  to  have  resem- 
bled picquet.  There  was  also  a  game  called 
cent-foot,  but  it  does  not  appear  to  be  the 
same  with,  this. 

CENTENER.  A  captain  or  officer  commanding 
a  iiundred  men.  See  the  Ordinances  and  Regu- 
lations, p.  5. 

CENTO.    A  patch vrork. 

CENTRE.  To  strike  the  centre,  to  take  away 
the  frame  of  wood  which  they  use  in  making 
and  supporting  an  arch  of  brick  or  stone,  after 
the  said  arch  is  completed.  Kennett,  MS. 
Lansd.  1033. 

CENTRY-GARTH.  The  cemetery, or  burial  place 
of  a  monastery.  See  the  Ancient  Rites  of 
Durham,  pp.  2",  49,  136. 

CENT.    A  sign.    Pr.  Parv. 

CEOUT.    To  bark.   Salop. 

CEP.    To  catch  a  ball.   North. 

CEPE.   A  hedge. 

CEPHENS.    Hale,  or  young  drones. 

CERADENE.  A  fresh-water  muscle.  North.  An 
•unusually  large  species  of  this  muscle  isfounc 
in  the  lake  at  Canons  Ashby,  the  beautiful  seat 
of  Sir  Henry  Dryden,  Bart. 

CERCLE.    To  surround.    (A.-N.) 

CEREJOWRE.    A  searcher.    Pr.  Pan. 

CEREMONIES.    Prodigies.    Shak. 

CERES-AND-VIRGINUM.  A  rule  in  old  arith- 
metic for  the  solution  of  simple  problems  thai 
would  now  be  worked  by  algebra.  See  Ley- 
bourn's  Arithmetical  Rec.  1699,  p.  139. 

CERGE.  A  wax  taper.  (A.-N.}  See  Havelok 
594 ;  Chron.  Vilodun.  p.  36. 

CERGYN.  To  search.  Pr.Parv. 

CERKE,  A  shirt. 

Than  sche  spak,  that  burde  brijt, 
That  al  naked  was  saf  hir  cerke. 

MS.  Ashmole  33,  f.  32, 

CERKELYTT.    Encircled. 

CERN.    To  concern.  ShaL 

CERNOY1E.   Honeysuckle. 

CERSE.    To  cease.    North. 

CERSTYN.  Christian.  Robin  Hood,  i.  89. 

CERT.  Certes;  certainly.  See  Sevya  Sages, 
2575  ;  Arthour  and  Merlin,  p.  130. 

CERTACION.  Assurance. 

Hegaf  me  many  a  good  certacion, 
With  right  and  holsom  predicacion, 

MS.  Rawl.  C.  86. 

CERTAIN.   Certainly.   Chaucer. 
CERTED.    Certain; firm.  Huloef. 
CERTE  NLYCH.    Certainly ;  positively. 
CERTES.   Certainly.   (^.-AT.) 
CERT-MONEY.    Head  money  or  common  fine, 
paid  yearly  by  the  residents  of  several  manors 
to  the  lords  thereof.  Blount. 
CERTYL.      A  kirtle.     See  Ritson's   Ancient 

Songs,  p.  51  j  Songs  and  Carols,  x. 

CERUSE.    Ceruse  or  white-lead,  used  by  ladies 

for  painting  their  faces  and  bosoms.      See 

Reliq.  Antiq.  i.  108 ;   Ben  Jonson,  i.   131 ; 

Amends  for  Ladies,  p,  44 ;  Stnitt,  ii.  133, 134. 

CERVE.    A  circlet.    "  That  ylke  white  cerve 


was  an  evydent  tokon  of  hir  martirdome," 
Langtoffc,  p.  cxcviii. 

CERVELLE.     The  brain.    (A.-N.) 

CESOUN.    Season.    (A.-N.) 

CESS.  (1)  To  spill  water  about ;  also,  to  call  dogs 
to  eat.  South. 

(2)  Measure ;  estimation.  "  Out  of  all  cess," 
excessively,  immoderately.  "  Sans  cesse,  ex- 
cessively, immoderately,  out  of  all  cesse  and 
crie,"  Cotgrave.  "  Overthroweth  the  Puritans 
out  of  all  cesse,"  Mar-Prelate's  Epitome,  p,  49. 
Shak.  Herrick,  i.  44,  appears  to  have  the  word 
for  assessment,  as  in  Holinshed, Chron.  Ireland, 
p.  145.  Cesser,tm  assessor,  Hollyband's  Dic- 
tionarie,  1593. 

(3  A  layer  or  stratum.  East.  It  is  often  pro- 
nounced sase. 

CESSATION.    Ceasing.   (Lat.) 

CESSE.  (1)  To  cease.   (A.-N.) 

(2)  To  give  seizin  or  possession.  See  Syr 
Degore,  538. 

CESS-POOL.    A  pool  for  filth. 

CEST.    Ceased.    (A.-N.) 

CESTON.    A  studded  girdle.    (A.-N.) 

CETE.    A  company  of  badgers, 

CETECEYN.    A  citizen. 

CETOYLE.     A  harp  ? 

To  cetoyle  and  to  sawtree, 
And  gytternynge  fulle  gaye. 

MS.  Lincoln  A.  i.  17,  f.  130. 

CETTE.     Set;  placed.     Pr.Parv. 

CETYWALL.  The  herb  valerian ;  also  moun- 
tain spikenard.  Percy's  Reliques,  p.  79.  It 
is  translated  by  cetinaleusm  MS.  Sloane  5,  f.  4. 

CEYLE.    A  sail.   Pr.  Parv. 

CHABBE.   Have.  Rot.  Glouc. 

CHACE.  (1)  To  chase,  or  pursue.   (A.-N.) 

(2)  The  groove  in  a  crossbow  in  which  the  arrow 
is  placed. 

CHACEABLE.  Fit  to  be  hunted.  Tooke,  p. 
660,  considers  Gower  the  inventor  of  this 
word ;  but  in  the  Maystre  of  the  Game,  MS. 
Bodl.  546,  stags  after  the  sixth  year  are  said 
to  be  chasable. 

CHACECHIENS.     The  same  as  berners,  q.  v. 

And  the  gromes  that  hattcn  chacechiens  brynge 
with  hem  the  hertehound.  MS.  Bodl.  546, 

CHACKLE.    To  chatter.    Somerset. 

CHACKSTONE.    A  small  flint.   North. 

CHAD.    I  had.     West. 

CHADEN.     The  inwards  of  a  calf.    Dorset. 

CHADFARTHING.  A  farthing  formerly  paid 
among  the  Easter  dues,  for  the  purpose  of  hal- 
lowing the  font  for  christenings. 

CHADIST.    Sheddest. 

As  thou  chadist  thi  blood  on  rod  tre 

Fore  my  redemption.     Audelery'g  Poems,  p.  64* 

CHADS.  Dry  husky  fragments  found  amongst 
food.  East. 

CHAFE.  To  grow  warm  or  angry.  (A.-N.} 
Hence  chaff,  to  tease  or  worry. 

CHAFER.  (1)  A  beetle,  or  May-bug.    South. 

(2)  A  saucepan.  See  llnton  Invent,  p.  1  j  Ordi- 
nances and  Regulations,  p.  126.  Chaufere 
Chron.  Vilodun.  p.  54. 

CHAFER-HOUSE.    An  ale-house.    North. 


239 


CI1A 


CHAFERY.    A  furnace.    Derlysh. 

CHAFF-BONE.    The  jaw-bone.     Y&rteh. 

CHAFFERE.  To  deal,  exchange,  or  barter. 
(A.-S.)  Also  a  substantive,  merchandise. 
Emcre  vel  vtmdere,  Anglice  to  chaffaryn,  MS. 
Bibl.  Reg.  12  B.i.f.  19. 

If  thou  art  a  mrirgchaunt,  disceyve  not  thi  brother 
in  chajfuryng.  Wtmbetton's  Sermon,  1388,  3IS".  Hatton 
57,  p.  4. 

CHAFF- FA  LLEN.     Low-spirited.     North. 

CIIAFFLE.    To  haggle.    North. 

CHAFF-NETS.  Nets  employed  for  catching 
birds  of  small  si?.e, 

CHAFFO.    To  chew.    Lane. 

CJJAFLET.  A  small  scaffold  or  platform.  (A.-N.) 
See  the  Brit.  Bibl.  i.  59. 

CHAFTE-BAN.    A  jaw-bone.     North. 
Witli  the  chcfte-lan  of  aded  has, 
Men  s>aL  that  thenvit  slan  he  was, 

MS.  Cott.  Vtspas.  A.  iii.  f.  7. 

CI1AFTY.    Talkative.     Yorksh. 

CHA1ERE.    A  chair,  or  pulpit.   (A.-N.) 

CHAIN.    A  weaver's  warp.    Somerset. 

CHAISEL.  An  upper  garment.  (A.-N.)  See 
the  Sevyn  Sages,  1814.  There  was  a  kind  of 
fine  linen  called  chaisil,  of  which  smocks  were 
often  made,  alluded  to  in  Kyng  Alisaunder, 
279  ;  Strutt,  ii.  257  ;  Wrarton," Introd.  p.  163  ; 
Leg.  Cathol.  p.  152. 

CHA1TY.     Careful ;  delicate.     Somerset. 

CHAKYL.  A  shackle,  a  moveable  hoop  made 
of  iron,  and  fixed  to  the  extremity  of  the 
plough-beam  by  a  loose  bolt  and  screw. 

CHALANDE.    A  chanter. 

And  bycause  reason  wyll  that  suche  a  person 
sliulde  be  honorably  interteyned  lest  that  sfayemyght 
be  made  for  the  greate  charges  of  the  same,  I  thinke 
it  rather  expedyent  to  forberea  greate  nomber  of  our 
monnkes  and  chalandes,  namely  as  thay  nowe  use 
themselfes,  then  so  necessary  a  thing  for  the  comyn 
weal  the  shulde  be  lakked  and  sett  asyde. 

State  Papers,  ii.  484. 

CHALANGE.    To   challenge.     (A.-N.)     Also 

sometimes,  to  accuse. 
CHALDER.  (1)  To  crumble.     East. 
(2)  A  caldron.    North. 
CHALDRON.    A  kind  of  sauce.     It  is  spelt 

chawduen  in  Reliq.  Antiq.  i.  88. 
CHALEN.   ChiU;  cold.    Weber. 
CHALK.    To  mark  with  chalk.     Far.  dial 
CHALK-WHITE.     Quite  white.      Var.  dial. 

"  Chalk-whyjth  as  the  mylk,"  Sir  Degrevant, 

1490. 

CHALL.    The  jaw.    Lelc. 
CHALLENGE.    When  hounds  or  beagles  first 

find  the  scent  and  cry,  they  are  said  to  chal- 
lenge. 
CHALM.    To  chew,  or  nibble.    East.    More 

usually  spelt  cham. 
CHALON.    A  coverlet.     Chaucer. 
CHAM.  (1)  I  am.     West. 

(2)  Awry.    North. 

(3)  To  chew  or  champ.    Palsgrave. 
CHAMBERDEKINS.    Irish  beggars.    Blount. 
CHAMBERER.    (1)  A  chamber-maid.  (A-NJ 

See  Ywaine  and  Gawin,  883 ;  Chaucer,  Cant. 
T.  5882;  Ordinances  aud  Regulations,  p.  127 ; 


chamberys,  Reliq.  Antiq.  i.  26 ;  chanibrere, 
Maundevile,  p.  102. 

(2)  A  wanton  person ;  an  intriguer. 

CHAMBER-FELLOW.  A  chum  ;  one  who  in- 
habits the  same  chambers  with  another.  See 
Florio,  in  v.  Camera io. 

CHAMBERING.    Wantonness;  intriguing. 

CHAMBER-LIE.     Urine.     Shak. 

CHAMBERLIN.  An  attendant  in  an  inn,  equi- 
valent to  the  present  head-waiter  or  upper- 
chambermaid,  or  both  offices  united ;  some- 
times male,  sometimes  female.  Nares.  See 
Middleton,  iii.  383. 

CHAMBERS.  Small  cannon,  without  carriages, 
chiefly  used  on  festive  occasions.  See  Mid- 
dleton, v.  190;  Peele,  ii.  124;  Ben  Jonson, 
viii.  422 ;  First  Sketches  of  Henry  VI.  p.  217. 

CHAMBERYNGS.  Furniture  of  a  bed  or  bed- 
room. See  Test.  Yetust.  p.  372. 

CH AMBLE.     To  chew.     Var.  dial 

(I11AMBLEY.    A  chimney.    Devon, 

CHAMBLINGS.     Husks  of  corn.    East. 

CHAMBRE-FORENE.    A  Jakes.    Rob.  Glouc. 

CHAMER.    A  chamber.    Somerset. 

CHAMFER.  The  plain  slope  made  by  paring 
off  the  edge  of  a  stone  or  piece  of  timber. 
Also,  a  hollow  channel  or  gutter,  such  as  the 
fluting  of  a  column.  See  Willis,  p.  8.  In  this 
latter  sense  Spenser  speaks  of  "  winter  with 
chamfred\XQ\\$"  i.  e.  furrowed  or  channelled. 
So  also  Florio,  "  Accanelldre,  to  chamfure,  to 
enchanell,  to  make  gutter-wise;"  and  Brit. 
Bibl,  ii.  117,  "  my  chamfred  lips."  Minsheu 
has,  "  to  chamfer,  or  to  make  channels,  gut- 
ters, crevises,  or  hollow  strakes,  in  pillars  or 
such  like."  Cotgrave  spells  it  chamfret  in  the 
first  sense,  in  v.  Eraser,  Embrasure.  tl  Stria, 
a  rebbat  or  small  furrow  made  in  stone  or 
tymber,  chamferyng :  stria,  seemeth  to  bee  the 
boltell  or  thinge  that  riseth  up  betwene  the 
two  chanels,  and  strix  the  chanell  itselfe,  or 
chamferynge,"  Elyot. 

CHAMFRON.  Armour  for  a  horse's  toose  and 
cheeks.  See  Excerpt.  Hist.  p.  209. 

CHAMLET.  Camelot.  See  TJnton  Invent,  p. 
33 ;  Test.  Vetust.  p.  434  ;  Gascoigne's  Delicate 
Diet,  p.  12 ;  Withals,  ed.  1608,  p.  139. 

CHAMMER.  A  kind  of  gown,  worn  by  persons 
of  rank,  and  generally  richly  ornamented.  It 
appears  to  have  been  in  fashion  in  Henry 
YIII.'s  time.  See  Strutt,  ii.  248;  Planche, 
p.  238. 

CHAMP.  (1)  Hard  ;  firm.   Sussex. 

(2)  To  bite,  or  chew.     Suffolk.    See  the  Down- 
fall of  Robert  Earl  of  Huntingdon,  p.  78 ;  Sir 
John  Oldcastle,  p.  20  ;  Lilly's  Mydas. 

(3)  A  scuffle.    Exmoor. 

(4)  To  tread  heavily.     Warw. 
CHAMPAINE.    Plain;  flat;  open.    See  Ray's 

Diet.  Tril.  p.  4 ;  Lambarde's  Perambulation, 
ed.  1596,  p.  10.  Also  a  substantive,  a  plain, 
fiat  or  open  country. 

Pra  thethine  thay  went  fourty  dayes,  and  come 
intille  a  cftamp&yne  cuntree  that  was  alle  barayne, 
and  na  bye  place,  ne  na  hilles  mighte  be  sene  on  n» 
syde.  MS.  Lincoln  A.  1, 17,  f.  SI 


CHA 


240 


CHA 


CHAMPARTIE.    A  share  of  land  ;  a  partner- 
ship in  power.    (A.-N.)     See  Chaucer,  Cant. 
T.  1951 ;  Lydgate's  Minor  Poems,  p.  131. 
Wisely  advertynge sche  waste  febille  of  myjt, 
la  this  mater  to  holde  rfiampcrtyg 
With  hire  that  was  of  face  most  benigne. 

Lydgate,  MS.  Soc.  Antiq,.  134,  f.  14. 
He  sette  the  herte  in  champertye, 
With  wischynge  and  with  fantasyc. 

Cotcer,  JWS.  Ibid.  f.  92. 

CHAMPE.  The  field  or  ground  in  which  any 
carving  or  bosses  are  placed. 

The  cote  ys  ryche  and  well  f  yne, 
The  champe  ys  now  of  redd  satyne. 

MS.  Cantab,  Ff.  ii.  38,  f.  42. 
And  other  of  sendale, 
Champed  with  cristalle. 

MS.  Lincoln  A.  i.  17,  f- 136. 

CHAMPERS.    Hounds.    Middleton. 
CHAMPEYNE.  A  kind  of  fine  cloth,  mentioned 

in  MS.  Cantab.  Ff.  i.  6,  f.  141. 
CHAMPION.     Same  as  Champaine,  q.  v.    See 

Middleton,  ii.  73 ;  Two"  Angrie  Women  of 

Abington,  p.  19 ;  Tusser,  ii,  7 ;  Holinshed, 

Hist.  Engl.  p.  29. 
CHANCE.    The  game  of  hazard. 
CHANCE-BAIRN     A  bastard.    North.    Also 

called  a  chance-child3  or  chanceling. 
CHANCE-BONE.    The  huckle-bone.    East. 
CHANDELEUSE.    Candlemas-day.    (Fr.) 
CHANDRY.    A  place  where  candles  were  kept. 

See  Harrison's  Descr.  of  England,  p.  197 ; 

Ordinances  and  Regulations,  pp.  4,  20*,  47, 

63,  82 ;  Rutland  Papers,  p.  40. 
CHANE.   Fell.    (A+.N.) 
CHANELLE.    A  gutter.    Prompt.  Parv. 
CHANFROUS.   Very  fierce.    North. 
CHANGE.  (1)  A  shift.     Var.  dial 
(2)  To  transpose.    Palsgrave. 
CHANGEABLE.    Variegated,  a  term  applied 

to  silks  and  cloths. 
CHANGE-FACE.    To  blush. 
Why,  to  change  face 
They  say  in  modest  maides  are  signes  of  grace. 

Heywood'a  Royall  King,  1(537,  sig.  C.  iv. 

CHANGELING.  A  child  left  or  changed  by  the 
fairies  for  the  parents*  own  child.  It  was 
either  deformed,  mischievous,  or  idiotic,  and 
hence  the  term  came  to  be  generally  applied 
to  a  child  having  those  qualities.  See  Cot- 
grave,  hi  v.  Cmtrefaict. 

CHANGERWIFE.  An  itinerant  female  huck- 
ster. North. 

CHANGINGLY.    Alternately.    North. 

CH  ANKE.  A  dish  in  cookery,  described  in  the 
Forme  of  Cury,  p.  97. 

CHANKER.    A  chink.    Dorset. 

CHANKS.  The  under  part  of  a  pig's  head.  South. 

CHANNEL-BONE.  See  Cannel-bone.  Channel, 
the  windpipe,  Marlowe,  i.  106. 

CHANNER.    To  scold.    North. 

CHANNEST.  To  exchange.  Exmoor*  It  is 
also  explained,  to  challenge. 

CHANTEMENT.    Enchantment.    Hob.  Glouc. 

CHANTEPLEURE.  A  sort  of  proverbial  ex- 
pression for  singing  and  weeping  successively. 


(A.-N.)  Roquefort  gives  the  word  explained, 
douleur,  affliction. 

CHANTER.  (1)  To  mutter.    Line. 

(2)  Part  of  a  bagpipe.     North. 

CHANTERIE.  An  endowment  for  the  payment 
of  a  priest,  to  sing  mass  agreeably  to  the  ap- 
pointment of  the  founder.  (A.-N.)  Chan- 
tryse,  Tundale,  p.  66 ;  chaunterie,  Ord.  and 
Reg.  p.  248. 

CHANTREL.    A  decoy  partridge.    Howell 

CHAP.  (1)  A  familiar  term  for  a  companion. 
An  abbreviation  of  chapman. 

(2)  A  purchaser.  Fairs  in  some  part  of  the  coun- 
try are  called  chap-fairs.    An  awkward  chap, 
equivalent  to  the  phrase  an  ugly  customer. 

(3)  A  chink.    Baret. 

(4)  A  knock.    Percy. 

CHAP-BOOK.    A  little  book  printed  for  the 

purpose  of  being  sold  to  hawkers. 
CHAPCHURCH.    A  parish  clerk.   North. 
CHAPE.  (1)  The  extremity  of  a  fox's  tail.  North. 
(2)  The  hook  of  a  scabbard ;  the  metal  part  at 

the  top. 

CHAPEL.     A  printing-house.     See   Holme's 
Academy  of  Armory,  1688  ;  Life  of  Dr,  Frank- 
lin, ed.  1819,  p.  56. 
CHAPELLE.    A  chaplain.     (Lot.) 

His  chapelle  mette  hym  at  the  dore  there, 
And  wente  bifore  hym  alle  in  fere. 

Archasologia.,  xxii.  383. 

CHAPERON.    A  French  hood.   See  Harrison's 
Descr.  of  England,  p.  159  ;  Fairholt's  Pageants, 
i.  5  ;  Strutt,  ii.  185. 
CHAPETREL.    The  capital  of  a  column. 

For  he  fande  therm  xl.  pelers  of  massy  golde,  il- 

kane  of  a  grete  thiknesse,  and  a  grete  lenthe,  with 

thaire  chapytralles.  MS.  Lincoln  A.  i.  17,  f.  25. 

CHAPIN.     Achopine.    (Span.)    "  Chapins,  or 

high  patins  richly  silvered  or  gilt,"  Howell. 
CHAPITLE.    A  chapter.    (A.-N.)    "  To  cha. 
pitle  were  i-drawe,"  Rob.  Gloue.  p.  473. 
Y  trowe  for  sothe  he  slept  ful  lytyl, 
Whan  he  herde  that  grete  chapytyl. 

MS.Harl.  1701,  f.  52. 

CHAPMAN.    A  merchant,  or  buyer.     (4.-S.) 
CHAP-MONEY.    That  which  is  abated  or  given 

again  by  the  seller  on  receiving  money. 
CHAPPELLET.  A  small  chapel.  See  Harrison's 

Descr.  of  England,  p.  144. 
CHAPPING.    Ground  full  of  chinks  and  ere- 

vices,  arising  from  drought. 
CHAPPYD.  Chopt.  Weber. 
CHAPS.  Wrinkles.  Craven. 
CHAPYDE.  Escaped. 

Thare  chapyde  never  no  childe,  cheftayne  ne  other. 
Morte  Arthurs,  MS.  Lincoln,  f.  97. 

CHAR.  (1)  A  species  of  trout,  caught  in  Win- 
dermere  lake. 

(2)  To  char  a  laughter,  to  raise  a  mock  laugh. 
North. 

(3)  Ajar.    North. 

(4)  A  work  or  business.     That  char  is  charredt 
that  work  is  done.  North.    See  Stevens'  Old 
Plays,  ii.  64;  Middleton,  iii.  237,  iv.  382; 
Peele's  Works,  i.  127  ;  Sir  Thomas  More,  p. 


CIIA 


241 


CHA 


37 ;  Bokc  of  Curtasye,  p.  4  ;  Chester  Plays,  ii, 
87 ;  Towneley  Myst.  p.  106.  Also,  to'  hew 
stones.  Char- woman,  a  woman  hired  "by  the 
day  for  miscellaneous  work. 

And  drowje  his  swerde  prively, 

That  the  childe  were  not  war 

Ar  he  had  done  that  char. 

Cursor  Zfvndi,  MS.  Coll.  Ti-in.  Cantab,  f.  20. 

CHARACTERY.    Writing;  expression.  SAa*. 
CHARBOKULL.    A  carbuncle.     (A.~N.) 
CHARCHE.    Charge.    Audelay,  p.  43. 
CHARD.    A  chart.     Harrison,  p.  33. 
CHARE.  (1)  To  stop,  or  turn  back.  North.   To 
hinder,  or  withstand,    Pr.  Parv. 

(2)  A  narrow  street.    Newc. 

(3)  To  counterfeit.     North. 

(4)  To  separate  the  chaff  from  the  corn.    South. 

(5)  A  chariot.  (A.-N.)  See  Sir  Tryamoure,  913  ; 
Apol.  Loll.  p.  44. 

Nay,  sir,  but  je  mot  to  him  fare, 
He  hath  sent  af tir  the  his  chare  „• 
"We  shul  jou  make  therynne  a  bed, 
Into  Eglpte  je  shul  be  led. 
Cursor  Mundi,  MS.  Coll.  Tiin.  Cantab,  f.  33. 

(6)  A  wall-flower,     Cant. 

(7)  To  chase,  or  drive  away.    "  Chare  awey  the 
crowe,"  Cov.  Myst.  p.  325, 

CHARELY.    Careful ;  chary,  q.  v. 

CHARE-THUESDAY.    Maundy  Thursday. 

CHARETS.  Chariots.  See  Holinshed,  Hist. 
England,  pp.  24,  28.  Charret,  Patterne  of 
Painfull  Adventures,  p.  192. 

CHARGE.  A  load,  burthen ;  business,  or  mat- 
ter. (A.-N.}  As  a  verb,  to  weigh,  or  incline 
on  account  of  weight.  "  Chylder  wordys  ar 
not  to  charge,"  are  not  to  be  much  weighed 
or  considered,  Towneley  Myst.  p.  160.  It  often 
has  the  meaning,  to  weigh  in  one's  mind. 

CHARGEANT.    Burthensome.    (A.-N.) 

CHARGED.    Ornamented ;  bordered. 

CHARGEOUS.    Troublesome.    (A.-N.) 

CHARGER.  A  large  platter  or  dish.  Chargeon, 
Test.  Vetust.  p.  175. 

CHARINESS.   Caution  ;  scrupulousness.  Shale. 

CHARITOUS.    Charitable.    (A.-N.) 
He  was  ajenwarde  charitmts, 
Ant  to  pite  he  was  pitous. 

Cower,  MS.  Soc.  Antiq.  134,  f.  83. 

CHARK.  (1)  A  crack.     North. 

(2)  Small  beer.     YorJesh. 

(3)  To  creak.  North.  See  Kennett,  MS.  Lansd. 
1033  ;  Prompt.  Parv.  p.  70. 

(4)  To  chop,  or  crack.     Craven. 

(5)  To  expose  new  ale  to  the  air  in  an  open 
vessel  until  it  acquires  a  degree  of  acidity, 
and  therewith  becomes  clearer  and  sourer,  fit 
for  drinking.    Line. 

(6)  To  make  charcoal.    West. 

Ther  is  no  fyre,  ther  is  no  sparke, 
'     Ther  is  no  dore  whicbe  may  chwke, 

Gower,  MS.  Soc.  Antiq.  134,  f.  122. 

CHARLES'S-WAIN.     The  constellation  tlrsa 

Major.     Far.  dial. 
CHARLET.  A  dish  in  cookery.   See  the  Forme 

of  Cury,  p.  27  ;  Warner,  p.  88 ;  Ord*  and  Reg. 

pp.  450,  463 ;  Feest,  viii. ;  MS.  Sloane  1201, 

f.23. 


CHARLOCK.    The  mustard  plant.    Wrtt. 

CHARM.  (1)  A  hum,  or  low  murmuring  noiss. 
West.  "  A  charm  of  birds,"  Peele's  Works, 
i.  12,  an  expression  also  used  by  Milton.  It 
may  be  doubted  whether  the  word  here  does 
not  mean  a  company  of  birds.  A  charm  of 
goldfinches  is  a  flock  of  those  birds.  See 
Strutt's  Sports,  p.  38.  "  I  cherme  as  byrdes 
do  whan  they  make  a  noyse  a  great  nomber 
togyther,"  Palsgrave. 

(2)  To  silence. 

CHARMED-MILK.  Sour  milk.  North.  "Lac 
serosum,  agitatum,  butter  milke,  charm  e 
milke,"  Nomenclator,  p.  94. 

CHARMER.    A  magician.    (A.-N.) 

CHARMERESSE.   An  enchantress.  (A.-N.) 

CHARMING.    Very  well.    Var.  dial 

CHARN-CURDLE.   A  churn-staff.    North. 

CHARNELL.  The  crest  of  a  helmet.  See 
Meyrick,  ii.  252  ;  Harrison's  Descr.  of  Eng- 
land, p.  160  ;  charneld,  Brit.  Bibl.  i.  146. 

CHARNICO.  A  kind  of  sweet  wine,  made  near 
Lisbon. 

Well,  happy  is  the  man  doth  rightly  know 
The  vertue  of  three  cups  of  charnico, 

Rowlands  Humor  Qrdinarie,  n.  d. 

CHARRE.    To  return.    W.  Mapes,  p.  348. 

CHARRED-DRINK.  Drink  turned  sour  by 
being  put  into  the  barrel  before  it  is  cold.  Kent. 

CHARREY.  (1)  Carts.   (A.-N.) 

(2)  Dear ;  precious.   North. 

CHARTEL.  A  challenge. 

CHARTERER.     A  freeholder.    Cfiesh. 

CHARTER-MASTER.  A  man  who,  having  un- 
dertaken to  get  coals  or  iron-stone  at  a  certain 
price,  employs  men  under  him. 

CHARTER-PARTY.     A  bill  of  lading. 

CHARTHOUS.     Carthusians.   (A.-N.) 

CHARWORT.    Se&Brackwart. 

CHARY.  Careful ;  sparing ;  cautious, ;  scrupu- 
lous. Var.  dial. 

CHARYAWNT.    Burdensome.    Prompt.  Parv. 

CHARYOWRE.  A  charger,  or  large  dish.  Pr. 
Parv. 

CHASE.  (1)  A  point  at  the  game  of  tennis,  be- 
yond that  struck  by  the  adversary.  See  Urry's 
Chaucer,  p.  542.  According  to  Douce,  the 
spot  where  a  ball  falls.  "  A  chace  on  the  wall, 
faire  une  chasse  au  pied  du  mur"  Howell, 
sect,  xxviii.  which  was  marked  on  the  wall. 
To  chase,  according  to  Holme,  to  miss  the 
second  striking  of  the  ball  back.  See  Skelton, 
ii.  488 ;  Jonson's  Conversations,  p.  30 ; 
Malone's  Shakespeare,  svii.  286 ;  Florio,  ed, 
1611,  p.  73.  It  would  seem  from  Prompt. 
Parv.  p.  68,  a  chace  was  a  spot  marked  in  any 
game,  obiculum,  a  diminutive  of  obex* 

At  tennis  for  a  chase  and  away,  Ime  your  man,  my 
hand  and  hart  upon  it. 

The  Tell  Tale,  Dultoich  CoVeg*  X&> 

(2)  To  pretend  a  laugh.   North. 
( 3^  To  enchase.    Cm.  Myst. 
(4)  A  wood,  or  forest* 
CHASOUJt    A  hunter.  (A.-N.) 
CHASSE.    The  common  poppy. 
CHASfE.  (1)  Chastity.    (A.-N.) 

16 


CHA 


242 


CHE 


(2)  To  cliastUe,  or  correct.   (J.-.V.)    S-c  Const. 
Freemason,  p.  27*,  Octo\  .an,  210  \  SirTrisstrem, 
p,  268;  MS.  Douce  52;  Ritson's   Anc.  Pop. 
Poet.  pp.  36,  51. 

(3)  Trained,  broken  in,  a  term  applied  to  dogs 
and  hounds. 

CHASTEDE.    Chastity.  (^.-AT.) 
CHASTEliAlN.    The  lord  of  a  castle.  (A.-N.) 

Chastlayne,  Le  Bone  Florence  of  Rome,  198C ; 

chattelaim,  Cotgrave,  in  v.  Dignitt. 
CH ASTEY.    The  chesnut.     Sse  a  list  of  plants 

in  MS.  Sloarie  5,  f.  4. 
CHAST1E.  To  chastise.  (Z-A')  Chasty,Wright's 

Seven  Sages,  p.  57. 
CHASTILET.    A  little  castle.  (A.-N.)  A  pasty 

made  in  that  shape  was  also  so  called.  See  the 

Forme  of  Cury,  p.  85. 
CHASTISE.     To  accuse.     Also,  to  question 

closely,  particularly  as  to  some  mischief  done. 

West. 

CHASTY.    To  chasten.    (A.-N.) 
CHASYNG-SPERE.    A  hunting-spear. 

With  a  chaayng  spere  he  choppes  doune  many. 

Morte  Arthur*,  MS.  Lincoln,  f.  72. 

CHAT.  (1)  A  small  twig,  or  fragment  of  any- 
thing.   West. 

(2)  A  tell-tale.    Devon. 

(3)  A  cat,  or  kitten.    West. 

The  firy  chat  he  slouj  withoute  more, 
And  of  A.rchadie  the  cruel  tusshy  bore. 

M&  Digby  230. 

(4)  A  child.    Devon. 

CHATE.  (1)  A  feast ;  a  treat.    Essev. 

(2)  A  kind  of  waistcoat. 

CHATES.    The  gallows.    Harman. 

CHATEUS.    Chattels.   (^.-A*.)    Mwcbafetcs. 
See  Bob.  Glouc.  pp.  18,  113. 

CHAT-K»TATOES.     Small  potatoes.    Lane. 

CHATRE.    To  chatter.    (A.-N.) 

CHATS.    Catkins  of  trees.     Want.    "Chattesof 
hasclJe,"  Maundevile,  p.  168. 

CHATSOME.    Talkative.    Kent. 

CHATTER.      To  tear;    to  make  ragged;  to 
bruise.     North. 

CHATTER-BASKET.  A  prattling  child.  Chat- 
ter-box, an  incessant  talker. 

CHATTERNOUL.  A  lubber.    North. 

CHATTER-PIE.    A  magpie.    Far.  dial. 

CHATTER.WATER.    Tea.    Far.  dial. 

CHATTERY.    Stony,  or  pebbly.    Craven. 

CHATTOCKS.    Refuse  wood  left  in  making 
faggots.    Glouc. 

CHAUCER'S-JESTS.    Incontinence  in  act  or 
language ;  probably  from  the  licentious  turn  of 
some  of  that  poet's  tales.   Narez. 
CHAUDRON.    Part  of  the  entrails  of  an  ani- 
mal.  Chaldrons,  Midctieton,  Hi.  55.  Chaundron,- 
Ordinances  and  Reg.  p.  96.      Chawtherne, 
Topsell's  Beasts,  p.  90. 
CHAUFE.     To  warm  ;  to  heat.   (A.-N.)    Also, 

to  heat  exceedingly,  especially  applied  to  the 

first  stages  of  corruption. 

Jhesu,  thi  lufeme  ehaujto  wifhin, 
So  that  najhyuge  bot  the  I  sake. 

MS.  UncQl*  A.  i. 


CIIAUFRAIN.     The  head-piece  of  a  barbed 

horse.    Palsgrave. 

CHAULE.   A  jaw.    West.    "  To  chaule,"  to  jaw 
or  scold,  Wright's  Pol.  Songs,  p.  240. 
I  shook  horn  Tai  theberdes  so, 
That  her  chavles  i-wraste  ia  two. 

Cttrsor  Mitndi,  MS.  ColL  Tnn.  Cantab,  f.  4/. 

CHAUM.    A  chasm  or  cleft    Warw. 
CHAUMPE-BATAILE.      Battle  in  the  open 

field.    Kyng  Alisaunder,  5553. 
CHAUNCELRIB.    Chancery.    (A.-N,} 
CHAUNCELY.    Accidentally.    (A.-N.) 
CHAUNCEMELB.    A  shoe.    Translated  in  Pr. 

Parv.  p.  71,  by  subfelariS)  a  word  formed  from 

talus. 

CHAUNCEPE.    A  shoeing  horn.     Pr.  Parv. 
CHAUNDLER.      A    candlestick.    A  Sheffield 

word,  given  in  Ray,  ed.  1674,  p.  10. 
CHAUNE.  To  gape,  or  open.  (Fr.) 
CHAUNTEMENT.  Enchantment.  See  Lybeaus 

Disconns,  1901 ;  Rob.  Glouc.  p.  28. 
CHAUNTRE.  A  singer.  (A.-N.) 

Dysposed  be  kynde  to  bee  5  chauntre. 

MS.  Cantab.  Ft.  i.  6,  f.  140. 

CHAVE.  (1)  I  have.    West.   See  Peele's  Works. 

i.  8  j  Brit.  Bibl.  I  108. 
(2)  Chaff. 

Ajeyn  the  Sum  to  fynde  the  chave, 
Corn  there  shul  we  fynde  to  have. 

Cursor  Jtfitndi,  MS.  Coll.  Trin.  Cuntub.  f.  30. 

CHAYEL.     A  jaw.     Sir  Tristrem.     Chavyl, 
Ywaine  and  Gawin,  1991 ;  chavyl-bon,  Cov. 
Myst.  p.  37.    To  chew.    Yorfoh. 
CHAVEPYS.    See  Chawdpys. 
CHAYISH.  (1)  A  chattering,  prattling,  or  mur- 
muring noise.     South. 
(2)  Peevish  ;  fretful.    Kent. 
CHAW.     To  be  sulky.     South. 
CHAW-BONE.    The  jaw-bone.     Palsgrave. 
CHAWCERS.     Shoes.    (^.-AT.) 
CHAW33EWYN.    A  dish  in  ancient  cookery,  a 
receipt  for  which  is  given  in  MS.  Sloane  12*01, 
f,  63. 

CHAWBPYS.    The  strangury.    (^.-Ar.)    A  re- 
ceipt for  it  is  given  in  MS.  Line.  Med.  f.  298. 
CHAWE.    To  chew.     Palsgrave. 
CHAWELLED.    Chewed.    Line. 
CHAWFON.    A  chafing-dish.    (^.-,V.) 
CHAWMERE.    A  chamber.    (A.-N.} 
CHAYERE.    A  chair.    (A.-N.} 
CHAYME.    A  chain.    Percy. 
CHAYS.    Chase.    Percy,  p.  2. 
CHE.    She.    In  the  West  country  dialect,  I. 

See  Greene's  Works,  i.  96. 
CUE  ABLE-DOCK.     The  Senedo  Jaeob&a. 
CHEANCE.     Turn  j  fall ;  chance. 
CHEAP.    Cheapside.    The  old  distinctions  of 
East  and  West  Cheap  were  not  confined  to 
what  is  now  called  Cheapside. 
CHEAPEN.    To  ask  the  price  of  any  thing. 
Salop.    This  explanation  is  from  More's  MS. 
additions  to  Ray.    "  I  see  you  come  to  cheap, 
and  not  to  buy,"  Heywood's  Edward  IV.  p.  66. 
"  Cheap,  to  cheapen/7  Kennett,  MS.  Lansd. 
1033.    "  I  cheape,  I  demaunde  the  price  of  a 
thyng  that  I  wolde  bye,"  Palsgrave, 


CHE 


243 


CHE 


CHEAPS.    Number.    Weber. 

CHEAR.    Look ;  countenance.     Peele. 

CHEASIL.    Bran.     TopselL 

CHEAT.  The  second  sort  of  wheaten  bread, 
ranking  next  to  manchet.  There  were  two 
kinds  of  cheat  bread,  the  best  or  fine  cheat, 
mentioned  in  Ord.  and  Reg.  p.  301,  and  the 
coarse  cheat,  ravelled  bread,  ib.  307.  The 
second  sort  was,  as  Harrison  expressly  tells  us, 
"  used  in  the  halles  of  the  nobilitie  and  gen- 
trie  onelie,"  a  fact  which  will  readily  explain 
a  passage  in  Middleton,  iii.  505,  where  Mr. 
Dyce  has  an  unnecessary  conjecture.  "  The 
second  is  the  cheat  or  wheaton  bread,  so  named 
bicause  the  colour  therof  resembleth  the  graie 
or  yellowish  wheat,  being  cleane  and  well 
dressed,  and  out  of  this  is  the  coursest  of  the 
bran  taken,"  Harrison,  p.  168.  See  Arch.  i.  8  ; 
Florio,  in  v.  Boffttto  ;  Rutland  Papers,  p.  98  ; 
Boke  of  Curtasye,  p.  21, 

CHEATER.    An  escheator.    Shaft. 

CHEATERS.    False  dice.     Dekker. 

CHEATRY.    Fraud ;  villainy.     A'orta. 

CHECK.  (1)  To  taunt;  to  reproach.  East.  See 
Percy's  Reliques,  p.  78. 

(2)  In  hawking,  "  is  when  she  forsakes  her  pro- 
per game,  and  flies  at  crows,  pyes,  or  the  like, 
that  crosseth  her  in  her  flight."     Gent.  Rec. 
ii.  62.    The  base  game  itself  was  also  called 
check. 

(3)  Florio   has,    "  Boccheggidre,    to    play    or 
checke  with  the  mouth  as  some  ill  horses 
doe." 

(4)  When  a  hound  stops  of  its  own  accord,  hav- 
ing lost  scent,  he  is  said  to  check. 

(5)  Equal ;  on  the  same  footing. 
CHECKED.    Chapped.    Suffolk. 
CHECKERE.    A  chess-board.    (A.-N.) 

CH  ECKERED.  A  checkered  sermon,  one  filled 
with  Greek  and  Latin  quotations. 

CHECKLING.    Cackling;  scolding.    West. 

CHECKROLL.  A  roll  or  book  containing  the 
names  of  the  servants  in  a  palace  or  large 
mansion.  "  To  put  out  of  checkroll,"  to  dis- 
miss a  servant.  The  checkroll  is  well  noticed 
in  the  Ord.  and  Reg.  p.  230. 

CHECKSTONE.  A  game  played  by  children 
with  round  small  pebbles.  It  is  mention  ed  in 
the  early  play  of  Apollo  Shroving,  12mo.  Lond. 
1627,  p.  49. 

CHEE.    A  hen-roost.    Kent. 

CHEER     "  In  cheef,"  in  capite. 

CHEEK.    To  accuse.    Line. 

CHEEK-BALLS.  The  round  parts  of  the  cheeks. 
North. 

CHEEKS.  Door  posts.  See  the  Craven  Glos- 
sary, i.  67 ;  Nomenclator,  p.  212. 

CKTSEKS-AND-EARS.  A  fantastic  name  for  a 
kvd  of  head-dress,  of  temporary  fashion. 
Nares. 

CHEEK-TOOTH.    A  grinder.    North. 

CHEEN.    Sprouted,    Devon. 

.CHEEP.    To  chirp.    North. 

CHEER.  To  feast,  or  welcome  one's  friends. 
North. 


CHEE  RE R.  A  glass  of  spirit  and  warm  water 
North. 

CHEERING.  A  merry-making.  See  Lam« 
barde's  Perambulation,  ed.  1596,  p.  354; 
"Withals,  ed.  1608,  p.  84. 

CHEERLY.    Pleasant ;  well-looking. 

CHEERTEE.     Regard.    Hoccleve. 

CHEESE.  A  bag  of  pummace  from  the  cider- 
wring.  Var.  dial. 

CHEESE-BRIGS.  Two  long  pieces  of  wood, 
crossed  towards  the  middle  by  two  shorter 
ones,  for  the  purpose  of  being  placed  over  a 
large  pan  containing  cream,  to  support  the 
skimming  bowl  after  it  has  been  used,  so  that 
it  may  drip  into  the  liquid  below.  Line.  Also 
called  a  cheese-ladder. 

CHEESECAKE-GRASS.    Trefoil.    North. 

CHEESE-FATT.  A  machine  in  which  the  whey 
is  passed  from  the  curd  in  making  cheese. 
Chesse-late,  a  loft  or  floor  to  dry  cheese  on. 
Cheese-rack,  a  rack  to  dry  cheese  on. 

CHEESELOPE.    Rennet.     North. 

CHEESE-RUNNING.  Lady's-bedstraw.  South. 

CHEESES.  The  seeds  of  the  common  mallow. 
Var.  dial. 

CHEESTE.    Strife ;  debate.    (A-S.) 

CHEEVING-BOLT.    A  linen-pin.    Florio. 

CHEFE.  (1)  To  obtain ;  to  arrive  ;  to  succeed  in 
any  business.  "  Wele  had  me  chefede,"  MS. 
Morte  Arthure. 

(2)  A  sheaf  of  arrows. 

CHEFFERY.  A  small  rent  due  to  the  lord  of  a 
district.  See  Holinshed,  Conq.  Ireland,  p.  11. 

CHEFTANCE.    Chiefmen ;  chieftains.  (^.-AO 

CHEFTS.     Chops  of  meat.    North. 

CHEG.    To  guaw.     Northumo. 

CHEGE.    A  frolic.    Kent. 

CHEGGLE.    To  chew  or  gnaw.    North. 

CHEITIF.    A  caitiff.    Langtoft,  p.  177. 

CHEK.  Fortune ;  ill  fortune.  From  the  French 
echec  ? 

CHEKE.  (1)  Choked.    Ritson. 

(2)  Checked,  as  in  the  game  of  chess ;  and  hence 
used  metaphorically. 

(3)  A  person,  or  fellow.     Line. 
CHEKELATOUN.  A  kind  of  rich  cloth.  (A.-N.) 

See  Chaucer,  Cant.  T.  13664.  Also  spelt  cicla- 

toun,  which  is  more  correct.    "  Ciclatoun  ant 

purpel  pal,"  Warton,  i.  12. 

CHEKENYD.     Choked;  strangled.    Pr.  Parv. 

CHEKERE.    The  exchequer.    Langtoft,  p.  312. 

The  game  of  chess,  Rob.  Glouc.  p.  192. 
CHEKKEFULLE.      Quite  full.    Chock-full  is 
still  in  use  in  various  counties. 
Charottez  chtftkefulle  charegyde  -mtli  golde. 

Marts  Jrtfntre,  MS.  Lincoln,  f.  09. 
CHEKLEW.  Strangling?  MS.  Digby  185 reads 
chokelew,  and  MS.  Laud.  735  eheiketew* 
Unto  stelthe  beware  hem  of  hempen  lane. 
For  stelthe  is  medid  with  a  cheklew  bane. 

Occleve,  MS.  Soc.  Antiq.  134,  f.  2SS. 

CHEKONYS.     Chickens. 
CHEKYNE.    To  choke.    Pr.Parv. 
CHEL.    A  churl.    Pr.  Part}. 
CHELAUNDRB.   A  goldfinch.    (^.-M).    Sea 
Rom.  of  the  Rose,  81,  663 ;  Cocaygne,  95. 


CHE 


244 


CHE 


CHELD.    Chilled;  cold.    (A.-S.) 
CHELDEZ.    Shields  of  a  boar. 
CHELE.   Chill ;  cold.   (A.-S.)  See  Rob.  Glouc. 
p.  7;  Wright's  Pol.  Songs,  p.  256. 
And  make  unto  myselfe  a  whippe, 
With  whiche,  in  many  a  chele  and  hete, 
My  woful  herte  is  so  to  bete. 

Cower,  MS.  Soc.  Antlq.  134,  f.  85. 
For  hungur,  colde,  thurste,  and  cheele, 
In  many  a  drede  chaungeth  hys  thoghte. 

MS.  Cawte&.Ff.  ii.38,  f.  27. 
CHELL.    I  shall.    West. 
CHELP.    To  chirp.    Northampt. 
CHELTERED.    Clotted ;  coagulated.    North. 
CHELYNGE.    The  cod-fish.    Pr.  faro. 
CHEM.    A  team  of  horses.     West. 
CHEMENEY.    A  chimney. 
CHEMISE.    A  wall  that  lines  a  work  of  sandy 

or  loose  earth.     Bourne. 
CHENCHIP.    Ruin.    Audelay,  p.  27. 
CHENE.    The  chin.    (A.-S.) 
CHENILE.    The  henbane.     (A.-N.) 
CHENYS.    Chains. 

Than  Alexander  garte  bryngc  many  grete  tree: 
for  to  make  a  brygge  of  over  that  water  appone 
schippez,  and  garte  tye  thame  samene  with  tfi 
of  Irene  and  Irene  naylez. 

Life  of  Alexander,  MS.  Limoln,  f.  15 

CHEOULIS.    Churls ;  rustics.    (A.-S.) 

CHEP,  (1)  The  part  of  a  plough  on  which  tti< 
share  is  placed. 

(2)  Chance ;  fortune ;  success.    Pr.  Parv. 

CHEPE.  (1)  To  cheapen;  to  buy.  (A.-S.)  Che- 
pede,  marketed,  sold.  Cheper,  a  seller,  Col- 
lier's Old  Ballads,  p.  5. 

(2)  Cheapness.    (A.-S.)    A  bargain,  Towneley 
Myst.  p.  102. 

(3)  A  sheep. 

Take  a  chepes  hert,  and  bryne  it  to  powdre,  and 
gtampe  it,  and  temper  it  up  with  oyle,  and  schave 
the  hede,  and  anoynte  it  therwith. 

MS.  Med.  Line,  f.  281. 

CHEPING.    Market;  sale.     (A.-S.)    Also,   a 
market  place.    Citra  forum,  on  that  parte  of 
the  chepyng,  MS.  Bibl.  Reg.  12  B.  i.  f.  103, 
Chepyns,  Const.  Mason,  p.  40. 
CHEPOND.     Selling.  (A.-S.) 

There  he  mony  chapmen  fond, 
Dy  verse  marchaundise  chepond. 
Cursor  Mvndi,  MS,  Cull.  Trin.  Cantab,  f.  91. 

CHEPSTER.    A  starling.    North. 
CHEQUER-TREE.    The  service  tree.    Sussex. 

The  fruit  is  called  chequers. 
CHERCHE.    A  church.    (A.-S.) 
CHERCHER.    "  Xij.  cherchers  off  the  myddyUe 

sworte"  are  mentioned  in  an  early  inventory 

in  MS.  Cantab.  Ff.  i.  6,  f.  58. 
CHERCOCK.    The  mistletoe  thrush.     Yor&sh. 
CHJERE.  (1)  Countenance;  spirits;  behaviour; 

entertainment.    (A.-N.) 

(2)  A  chair. 

(3)  High.     So  explained  by  Hearne  in  gloss,  to 
Rob.  Glouc.  p.  166. 

CHEREL.  A  churl;  carl;  serf ;  peasant.  (A.-S.) 
"  With  the  cherel  sone  gan  he  mete/'  Ywaine 
and  Gawin,  612.  More  generally  spelt  cherl. 
Cherld,  Ritson's  Anc.  Songs,  p.  37. 


CHERETE.     Dearness;  affection.    (A.-N.) 
CHERICE.    To  cherish.  (A.-N.) 
CUERISANCE.     Comfort.   (A.-N.) 
CHERKE.    To  creak.    Pr.  Parv. 
CHERLICH.     Richly;  sumptuously.   (A.-N.) 
CHERLISH.    Illiberal.   (A.-S.) 
CHERLYS-TRYACLE.  Garlic.  Arch.  xxx.  405 
CHEROF.   Shrove;  confessed. 
CHERRILET.  A  little  cheny.    See  Du  Bartas, 

quoted  in  Brit.  Bibl.  iv.  223,  and  p.  286. 
CHERRY.  (1)  Ruddy.   Devon. 
(2)  To  cherish.    Park. 
CHERRY-COBS.     Cherry-stones.     West. 
CHERRY-CURD-MILK.  Beastlings,  q.v.  Oxon. 
CHERRY-FAIR.     Cherry  fairs  are  still  held  in 
Worcestershire  and  some  other  parts  of  the 
country  on  Sunday  evenings,  in  the  cherry 
orchards ;  and  being  almost  always  a  resort 
for  lovers,  and  the  gay  portion  of  the  lower 
classes,  may  appropriately  retain  their  signi- 
ficant type  of  the  uncertainty  and  vanity  of  the 
things  of  this  world.     See  Audelay's  Poems, 
p.   22;    Lydgate's   Minor  Poems,    p.   231; 
Ritson's  Anc.  Pop.  Poet.  p.  90 ;  Skelton,  i.  2 ; 
Gower,  ed.  1532,  f.  133. 
Thys  worlde  hyt  ys  fulle  fekylle  and  frelo, 

Alle  day  be  day  hyt  wylle  enpayre ; 
And  so  sone  thys  worldys  weele, 
Hyt  faryth  but  as  a  chery  feyre. 

MS.  Cantab.  Ff.  ii.  33,  f.  4G. 
They  prechen  us  in  audience 
That  no  man  schalle  his  soule  empeyre, 
For  alls  is  but  a  cherye-fayi-e. 

Gower,  MS.  Soc.  Antiq.  134,  f.  33. 
This  life,  roy  son,  is  but  a  chery  fare, 
Worldly  ricches  have  ay  in  memory. 

MS.  Bodl.  221. 

Therforebe  thewerldes  wele, 
It  farys  as  a  chery  fsyre.        MS.  Jshmole  61,  f.  G. 
CHERRY-PIT.      A  childish   game,  consisting 
of  pitching  cherry-stones  into  a  small  hole. 
It  was  also  played  with  nuts  in  the  same 
manner. 
CHERSED.     Cherished. 

My  dyscyple  whych  y  have  chersed 
Me  to  betraye  hym  have  they  hyred. 

MS.  Hart.  1701,  f.  CC. 

CHERSID.     Christened.     (A.-N.) 

Off  alle  werkys  in  this  worlde  that  ever  were  wrought, 

Holy  chirche  is  chefe,  there  children  been  chersid  ; 
For  be  baptim  these  burnes  to  blisse  been  i-broughts 

Thorough  the  grace  of  God,  and  fayre  refresshed. 
Lelandi  Itin.  ix.  200. 

CHERTE.    Love.    (A.-N.}     See  the  example 

quoted  under  Aperte. 
CHERVEN.  To  writhe,  or  turn  about.   Prompt. 

Parv. 
CHESBOKE.    A  poppy. 

The  chyne>  the  cholet,  and  the  chesboke  chene. 
MS.  Cott.  Calig.  A.  ii.  f.  1. 

CHESE.  (1)  To  choose.   (A.-S.) 

(2)  Saw.    "Even  til  the  hegh  bord  he  chese" 

Syr  Gowghter,  312. 
1HESEBOLLE.    A  poppy. 

Never  the  lesse  that  oure  wirchippe  and  oure 
grete  noblaye  be  sumwhate  knawene  to  the,  wesende 
the  a  male  fulle  of  chesebolle  sede  in  takennyng 
therof.  Luke  if  thou  may  nombir  and  telle  alle 


CHE 


245 


CHI 


tfilr  chesseUlle  sedez,  and  if  thou  do  thatt,  thane 
may  the  folke  of  oure  oste  be  nowmerd. 

MS.  Lincoln  A.  i.  17,  f.  9* 
CHESFORD.      A  cheese  vat.      North.      See 

Cotgrave  in  v.  Cagerotte,  Esclisse* 
CHESIBLE.  A  cope  shorter  than  the  principal 
cope,  not  close,  but  open  on  either  side,  so 
that  the  priest  who  wore  it  had  the  free  use 
of  his  hands.     On  the  fore  and  hinder  part  of 
it  was  embroidered  a  large  cross.     It  was 
worn  at  high  mass  by  the  priest  and  deacon. 
See  the  Test.  Yetust.  p.  50 ;  Piers  Ploughman, 
p.  117  ;  St.  Winifred,  78. 
CHESLE-MONEY.    Roman  brass  coins  found 
hi  some  places  in  Gloucestershire,  and  so 
called  by  the  country  people. 
CHE  SLIP.    A  woodlouse.     Var.  dial 
CHESOUN.     Reason;  motive.  (A.-N.}     See 
Langtoft,  pp.  129, 172;  Sir  Eglamour,  1261. 
The  kynge  had  no  chesozvne* 

MS.  Cantab.  Ff.  ii.  38,  f.  73. 
Why  he  hem  dyd  and  for  what  cheaun, 
Of  alle  behoveth  hym  to  jelde  a  resoun. 

MS.  Harl.  1701,  f.  38. 

CHESS.  (1)  To  crack.    Line. 

(2)  To  pile  up.  Craven.   "  Tare  ches  chambre," 

three  chambers  one  over  the  other,  Towneley 

Myst.  p.  27. 
CHESSIL.  Gravel,  or  pebbles.  (A.-S.)  "  Chesill, 

a  bank  of  sand,"  Kennett,  MS.  Lansd.  1033. 

Cheselys,  pebbles  on  the  sea  shore,  or  grains 

of  sand,  Cov.  Myst.  p.  56.    A  kind  of  sandy 

and  clayey  earth  is  called  ckessom. 
CHESSNER.    A  chess-player.     Middleton. 
CHEST.  (1)  A  coffin.    (Lat.)  Chestid,  placed  in 

a  coffin,  Arch.  v.  234.      Cf.  Lydgate,  MS. 

Soc.  Antiq.  134,  f.  8. 
To  pray  for  hym  that  lyeth  nowe  in  his  chest 
To  God  aboven,  to  yeve  his  sowle  good  reste. 

lydgate,  MS,  Ashmote  39,  f.  48. 

(2)  Chaste.    Weber. 

(3)  Chased;  pursued.  (A.-N.} 

CHESTB.     Strife;  debate.  (A.-S.}     See  Lang- 
toft,  p.  19;   Arthour  and  Merlin,  p.    113; 
Gower,  ed.  1554,  f.  49 ;  Kyng  Alisaunder,  29. 
To  fyjte  or  to  make  chette, 
It  thoujte  them  thanne  not  honeste. 

Gower,  MS,  Soc.  Antiq.  134,  f.  32. 
And  so  wolde  I  my  wordis  plye, 
That  myjten  wraththe  an  cheste  avale. 

MS.  Ibid.  f.  87. 

CHESTEINE.  Thechesnut.  (A.-N.)  Chestayn 
tree,  Syr  Gowghter,  71 ;  chest  ayne,  Palsgrave, 
f.  24;  chesteynes,  Maundevile,  p.  307;  Ly- 
beaus  Disconus,  1191;  ckesten,  Cooper,  in  v. 
Aesculusj  Hollyband's  Dictionarie,  1593. 
CHESTER.  A  person  who  embalms,  or  places 

corpses  in  coffins.    Huloet. 
CHESTS.      Chess.     "The  playe  at  chests,91 

Nomenclator,  p.  293. 
CHEST-TRAP.    A  kind  of  trap  used  for  taking 

pole-cats,  &c. 

CHET.    A  kitten.    South. 
CHETE,  (1)  To  cut.     (A.-N.} 
(2)  To  escheat.    Pr.  Parv. 
CHETYLE.    A  kettle.    Prompt.  Parv, 
CHEURE.    To  work  or  char.    Wilts. 


CHEVACHIE.    An  expedition.   (A.-N.] 
CHEVALRIE.    Knighthood.    (A.-N.} 
CHEYALROUS.    Valiant.  (A.-N.) 
CHEYE.    To  compass  a  thing,  succeed,  or  bring 
to  an  end;  to  thrive;  to  obtain,  adopt.  (A.-N.} 
Still  used  in  the  North  of  England. 
Howsomever  that  it  cheve, 
The  knyght  takis  his  leve. 

SirDegi-evant,  Lincoln  MS. 
Scripture  saith  heritage  holdyn  wrongfully 
Schal  never  cheve,  ne  with  the  thred  heyr  rennayne. 
MS.  Soc.  Antiq.  101,  f.- 98. 

CHEYELURE.    A  peruke.    (A.-N.} 

CHEYEN.    A  blockhead.  North. 

CHEYENTEYN.  A  chieftain.  (A.-N.}  See 
Rob.  Glouc.  p.  24 ;  Maundevile,  p.  3 ;  Ritson's 
Anc.  Songs,  p.  19.  Cheventene,  Sir  Degre- 
vant,  243. 

CHEYERE.  To  shake  or  shiver.  See  Hawkins' 
Engl.  Dram.  i.  19;  Digby  Myst.  p.  21. 
"Thair  shaftes  cheverd,"  broke  to  pieces, 
Ywaine  and  Gawin,  637.  "  I  hafe  cheveride 
for  chele,"  MS.  Morte  Arthure,  f.  89. 

CHEYERIL.  Kid  leather.  (Fr.)  Hence  a 
very  flexible  conscience  was  constantly  called 
a  cheveril  conscience.  "  Pr  over  Male  est,  he 
hath  a  conscience  like  a  chevereFs  skin,  i.  e. 
it  will  stretch,"  Upton's  MS.  add.  to  Junius. 
"  A  large  cheveril  conscience,"  Optick  Glasse 
of  Humors,  1639,  p.  41. 

CHEVERON.  A  kind  of  lace,  the  method  of 
making  which  is  described  in  MS.  Harl.  2320. 

CHEVESAILE.    A  necklace.     (A.-N.} 

CHEYICE.    To  bear  up.   (A.-N.} 

CHEVING.  Success;  completion.  (A.~N.} 
"  Evyll  chevynge,"  Cocke  Lorelles  Bote,  p.  2. 

CHEVISANCE.  Treaty;  agreement.  (A.-N.) 
See  Lydgate's  Minor  Poems,  pp.  34,  77,  255  ; 
Chaucer,  Cant.  T.  13259,13277,  13321;  Piers 
Ploughman,  pp.  92, 426 ;  Collier's  Hist.  Dram. 
Poet.  ii.  291;  Rutland  Papers,  p.  118; 
Thynne's  Debate,  p.  24.  It  appears  some- 
times to  mean  gain  or  toofy,  and  is  translated 
by  promdencia  in  Pr.  Parv. 

CHEVISH.     To  bargain;  to  provide.  (A.-N.} 

CHEYORELL.    The  herb  chervil 

CHEWEN.    To  eschew.   (4.-N.) 

CHEWER.    A  narrow  passage.     West. 

CHEWERS.     Chares  or  tasks.    Devon. 

CHEWERYES.  Cherries.  See  a  receipt  in  the 
Forme  of  Cury,  p.  33. 

CHEWET.  A  small  pie.  See  Forme  of  Cury, 
p.  83;  Ord.  and  Reg.  pp.  317,  442;  Middle- 
ton,  iii.  273  ;  Warner's  Antiq.  Culin.  p.  65. 

CHEWREE-RING.    To  assist  servants.    Wilts.- 

•CHEYLE.     Cold;  chill.     (A.-S.) 
For  many  a  way  y  have  y-goo, 
In  hungur,  thurste,  cheyte,  and  woo. 

MS.  Cantab.  Ff,  ii.  38,  f.  40. 

CHEYNES.     Chains.    Maundevile. 

CHEZ.     To  choose.    North. 

CHIBBALS.    Onions.    (A.-N.} 

CH1BDER.    Children.    Derlysh. 

CHIBE.    A  kind  of  onion.    North. 

CHICE.    A  small  portion.    Essex. 

CHICHE.    Niggardly;  sparing.    (^.-JV.)    Seo 


CHI 


246 


CHI 


Rom.  of  the  Kose,  5588.    So  chichevache,  a 

lean  spare  cow.      Chiche-faced,  lean  "baby 

facedr  Craven  Gloss. 

CHICHELINGS.    Vetches.     North. 

CHICK.  To  germinate.  Also,  to  crack ;  a  crack 

or  flaw.     East. 

CHICKABIDDY.  A  young  chicken.   Far.  diai 
CHICKELL.    The  wheat-ear.    Devon. 
CHICKENCHOW.    A  swing.    North. 
CHICKEN-PEEPER.    A  chicken  just  peeping 
from  the  shell.     See  Lilly's  Endimion,   ed 
1632,  sig.  F.  i. 

CHICKEN'S-MEAT.  According  to  Forby,  thi 
chick-weed,  hut  chicane-mete  occurs  in  an 
early  list  of  plants  in  MS.  Karl.  978,  trans 
lated  by  intiba,  the  endive.  Dross  corn  is  als< 
called  chicken's-meat. 

CHIDDEN.    "Wrangled ;  quarrelled.     (A.-S.) 
CH1DDLENS.    Chitterlings.     Wilts. 
CHIDE.  To  make  an  incessant  noise.  "Ichyde 
I  multyplye  langage  with  a  person,  je  fence,' 
Palsgrave.     It  is  constantly  used  without 
any  reference  to  quarrelling.    Palsgrave  has 
"  chidyng,  altercation,  noise"  the  word  occur 
ring  in  the  latter  sense  in  Shakespeare. 
CHIDERESSE.    A  female  scold.    (A.-S.) 
CHIDE STER.    See  Chideresse. 
CHID-LAMB.    A  female  lamb.    South. 
CHIEL.    A  young  fellow.    North. 
CHIERTEE.     Tenderness;  affection.    (A.-N.\ 

Chyerte,  Morte  d' Arthur,  ii.  408. 
CHIEVE.  (1)  See  Cheve. 
(2)  "  Apex,  stamen,  the  chieve  or  litle  threds  o 
flowers,  as  in  gillofers,  lillies/'  Nomenclator 
p.  112. 

CHIFE.    A  fragment.    Suffolk. 

CHIG.    To  chew.  Also  a  substantive,  a  quid  o 

tobacco.    Hence  metaphorically,  to  ruminate 

upon.  North.  Sometimes  pronounced  chiggle 

CHIKE.    A  chicken.  (A.-S.)  Hence  applied  to 

a  child,  Sevyn  Sages,  2159. 
CHIL.    A  child.    Ritson. 
CHILBLADDER.    A  chilblain.    South. 
CHILD.  (1)  A  youth  trained  to  arms  j  a  knight. 
This  is  not  an  unusual  meaning  of  the  word  in 
old  romances. 
(2)  A  girl.    Devon.    "  A  boy  or  a  child,  I  won- 
der," Winter's  Tale,  iii.  3. 
CHILDAGE.     Childhood.    East. 
CHILDE.  To  be  delivered  of  a  child.  Correspond- 
ing to  the  French  enfanter.  See  Chester  Plays, 
i.  112 ;  Maundevile's  Travels,  p.  133 ;  Gesta 
Rom.  166.    Harrison,  Descr.  of  England,  p. 
233,  speaking  of  saffron,  says,  "  in  this  period 
of  time  also  the  heads  are  said  to  child,  that 
is,  to  yeeld  out  of  some  parts  of  them  diverse 
other  headlets."    This  passage  confirms  an 
observation  by  White  in  Malone's  Shakespeare, 
v.  220. 

And  howe  a  mayde  in  fair  virginite* 
Might  also  childe,  and  a  modir  be. 

MS.  Ashmole  39,  f.  58. 

The  more  doujtir  childide  a  sone,  and  clepide  his 
name  Moab  He  is  the  fadir  of  men  of  Moab  unto 
this  present  dai ;  and  the  lesse  doujtir  childide  a  sone, 
an,d  clepide  his  name  Amon,  that  is,  the  sone  of  my 


CHILDERMAS.    Innocents'  day.    (A.-S.} 
CHILD-GERED.   Of  childish  manners.  (A.-S.) 
CHILDING.    Bringing  forth  a  child.   Childing- 
woman,  a  breeding  woman.    Hence  childing, 
productive,  in  Shakespeare. 

In  hire  cHldynge  to  fele  no  penaunce, 
Sithe  sche  was  bothe  mayde,  modir  and  wyf. 

Lydgate,  MS.  Soc.  Antiq.  134,  f.  9. 
Whiche  the  goddesse  otchtfdynge  is, 
And  clepid  was  by  name  Isis. 

Gouier,  MS.  Ibid.  f.  43. 
CHILDLY.    Childish.    Hocclwe. 
CHILDNESS.    Childishness.    Shaft. 
CHILDRE.    Children.    (A.-S.}    Very  common 
in  the  provincial  dialects.     Childred,  family, 
Plumpton  Corr.  p.  143. 

So  Itt  happenyd,  as  fortune  wolda  that  oon  of  the 

chtidre  of  the  sowdeyn  come  as  the  wynde  dro%-e  hym. 

MS-  Digby  185. 

Of  alle  wemen  that  ever  were  borne 
That  bere  chylder,  abyde  and  see. 

MS.  Cantab.  Ff.  ii.  38,  f.  4?. 
CHILD  WIT.    A  fine  paid  to  the  Saxon  lord 
when  his  bondwoman  was  unlawfully  got  with 
child ;  and  now  within  the  manor  of  Writtle, 
co.  Essex,  every  reputed  father  of  a  base  child 
pays  to  the  lord  for  a  fine  3s.  4d.  which  cus- 
tom is  there  still  called  cHldwit.    Kennett, 
MS.  Lansd.  1033. 
CHILE-    A  blade  of  grass.     Leic. 
CHILL.   (1)   To  take  the  chill  off  liquor  by 

warming  it,     Var.  dial 
'2)  A  cold.     Dorset. 
'3)  I  will.     Somerset 

CHILLERY.  Chilly.  Kent.  In  Romeus  and 
Juliet,  p.  71,  we  have  chillish,  which  is  still  in 
use  in  the  provinces. 

CHILVER.    An  ewe-sheep.     West.    Properly 

one  year  old,  and  also  applied  to  ewe  mutton. 

CHIMBE.  (1)  The  prominent  part  of  the  staves 

beyond  the  head  of  a  barrel.     (A.-S.) 
(2)  To  chime,  as  bells.     (A.-S.) 
CHIMBLE.    To  gnaw.   BucJcs.    Fragments  so 

made  are  called  chimblings, 
CHIMBLER.    A  chimney.    North.    More  usu- 
ally perhaps  chimbley^  and  in  some  dialects 
cbimdy. 
CHIMENEY.    Afire-place.     (A.-N,} 

Than  was  ther  on  a  chymenay 
A  gret  fyr  that  brente  rede. 

MS.  Jshmole  33,  f.  20, 
IHIMER.    To  shiver.    (A.-S.) 
JHIMICKE.    A  chemist.    Florio. 
IHIMING.    A  certain  kind  of  light  perceived 
when  we  wake  in  the  night  or  rise  suddenly. 
^HIMINGNESS.     Melodiousness.    Fairfax. 
HIMLEY.  A  chimney  or  fire-place.  This  form, 
which  is  very  common  in  the  provinces,  oc- 
curs in  an  old  inventory  printed  in  Croft's 
Excerpta  Autiqua,  p.  25. 
CHIMP.    A  young  shoot.     Dorset. 
CHIMPINGS.    Grits.    North. 
'HIMY.    A  smock ;  a  shift.    South. 
'HIN-BAND.  A  kind  of  lace,  generally  twisted* 
which  fastened  the  hat  or  cap  under  the  chin* 
CHINBOWDASH.  The  tie  of  the  cravat.  Dorset, 
7HINCHE.    A  raiser.    (A.~N.)    "  God  es  no 


CHI 


247 


CHI 


chynche  of  his  grace,"  MS.  Lincoln  A.  i-  17, 
f.  241.     Cht/ncherde,  Skeltcm. 

Every  avowter  or  unclene  man  that  is  a  glotun  or 
chyncke  schal  never  have  erytage  in  the  rewma  of 
Cryst. 

Wimbelton's  Serinon,  1388,  MS.  Hatton  57,  p.  32. 

CHINCHEL,    A  small  hammer,   Craven. 

CHINCHERIE.    Niggardness.    (A.-N.) 
And  amonge  other  thingis  that  jowre  wilne, 
Be  infecte  with  no  wrecchid  chincherie. 

OcclRve,  MS.  Soc,  Aniiq.  134,  f.  278. 

CHINCHONE.     The  herb  groundsel. 

CHINCHY.    Niggardly.     (A.-N.) 

CHIN-CLOUT.    A  sort  of  muffler. 

CHIN-COUGH.  The  hooping-cough.  Var.  dial. 

CHINE.  (1)  Same  as  Chimle  (1).  See  Ordi- 
nances and  Regulations,  p.  295.  Chine-hoop, 
the  extreme  hoop  which  keeps  the  ends  of  the 
staves  together,  and  is  commonly  of  iron. 
According  to  Kennett,  the  chine-hoops  are  the 
middle  hoops. 

(2)  A  kind  of  salmon.     "  Troutes,  or  cJiyne  sal- 
mon," Ord.  and  Keg.  p.  181. 

(3)  A  chink  or  cleft.     In  the  Isle  of  Wight,  a 
small  ravine  is  so  called.      See  Harrison's 
Descr.  of  Britaine,  p.  31.     "I  chyne  as  the 
yerthe  dothe  whan  it  openeth  in  the  sommer 
season  for  great  drought,"  Palsgrave. 

CHINED,     Broken  in  the  back.     Chined  his 

back,  i.  e.  broke  his  back. 
CHINE  SES.    The  Chinese  people. 
CHING.     A  king.    Rob.  Glouc. 
CHINGLE.      Gravel;   shingle.    East.      Hence 

cJiingty,  abounding  in  gravel  or  grit. 
CHINK.  (1)  A  chaffinch.    West. 
(2)  Money.      Var.  dial.     The  term  occurs  in 

Stanihurst's  Description  of  Ireland,   p.  22. 

"  Dad  or  father,  some  money  or  cMnke,  as 

children  use  to  say,"  Florio,  ed.  1611,  p.  355. 

"  Have  chinks  in  thy  purse,"  Tusser,  p.  191. 
£3)  A  sprain  on  the  back.  East. 
;4j  To  cut  into  small  pieces.    East.    To  loosen 

or  separate  earth  for  the  purpose  of  planting. 

"  Chynken  or  gape,  as  the  grpund  dooth  with 

dryeth,"  Huloet,  1552. 
CH1NNY-MUMPS.      A  rude  kind  of  music 

caused  by  beating  the  chin  with  the  knuckles, 

and  by  the  rattling  of  the  teeth  causing  sounds 

in  time.     Yorhsh. 
CHIP.  (1)  To  break,  or  crack.    An  egg  is  said 

to  chip  when  the  young  bird  cracks  the  shell. 

North. 

(2)  To  trip.     North. 

(3)  The  cry  of  the  bat. 

(4)  To  cut  bread  into  slices* 

CHIPPE.  A  ship.  "  Within  chippe-burdez,"  on 
board  vessels,  MS.  Morte  Arthure,  f.  71. 
"  Sevene  skore  chippes"  ib.  f.  90. 

The  lady  intille  thair  chippe  thay  hente. 

MS.  Lincoln  A,  i.  17,  f.  101. 

CHIPPER.  To  chirp.  East. 

CHIPPINGS.  Fragments  of  bread.  North.  See 
Ord,  and  Reg.  p.  32.*  Chipping-knife,  a  knife 
to  cut  bread  with,  ib.  p.  294.  Chipper,  a  per- 
son who  cuts  bread,  ib.  p.  233. 

CHIP-UP.    To  recover.  East. 


CHIQUINIE.    A  sequin,  an  Italian  coin. 
CHIRCHE.    A  church.    (A.-S} 
CHIRCHON.    Churches.  Rob.  Glouc  p  132 
CHIRE.  (1)  To  feast,  or  make  cheer.  Hall 

(2)  A  blade  of  grass  or  any  plant.     «  Chyer  of 
grasse,"  Drayton's  Harmonic,  1591. 

CHIRISTANE.    A  cherry-stone.    « Chiristane 

kirnels,"  Reliq.  Antiq.  i.  52,     Chirston.  Gy  of 

Warwike,  p.  367. 
CHIRK.    To  chirp.   (A.-S.)    "  Chyrkyd  faste," 

Dial.  Creat.  Moral,  p.  144.    Applied  to  the 

noises  of  various  animals. 
CHIRM.    The  melancholy  under-tone  of  a  bird 

previous  to  a  storm.  North.  "  Chyrme  or  chur, 

as  byrdes  do,"  Huloet,  1552. 
CHIRRE.    To  chirp.    Jfaric*. 
CHIS.    Chose.    Weber. 
CHI  SAN.    A  dish  in  ancient  cookery,  described 

in  the  Ord.  and  Reg.  p.  448.  Chysanne,  forme 
•  of  Cury,  p.  51. 

CHISEL.    Bran  ;  coarse  flour.  Line. 
CHISMATE.    Quarrelling? 

Of  rebellyones,  tasurrectiones,  and  false  cJistmate, 

Thay  were  ever  war  of  on  eche  parte. 

MS.  Lansd.  208,  f.  19. 

CHISSOM.   To  germinate.    West. 

CHISTE.  A  chest,   (Lat.) 

CHIT.  (1)  To  germinate.    The  first  sprouts  of 

anything  are  called  chits. 
(2}  A  forward  child.     Var.  dial 

(3)  "  Chyts  in  the  face  lyke  unto  wartes,  which 
is  a  kynde  of  pulse,  lenticular  Huloet,  1552, 

CHITE.    To  scold.   (X-M) 
CHITRE.    To  chirp.    «  Chitering  of  briddis," 
Apol.  Loll.  p.  92. 

But  sehe  withalle  no  worde  may  soune, 
But  chitre  as  a  brid  jargowne. 

Gower,  MS.  Soc.  Antiq.  134,  f.  163. 

CHITT.  A  kind  of  bird,  mentioned  in  Archaao- 
logia,  xiii.  350. 

CHITTER.  (1)  To  shiver,  or  tremble.  North. 
11  Chytteryng,  quiveryng,  or  shakyng  for  cold, 
guer cents"  Huloet,  1552. 

(2)  To  chirp.   Palsgrave. 

CHITTERLINGS.  The  small  entrails.  The  frill 
of  a  shirt  when  ironed  flat,  is  sometimes  called 
a  chitterlin  shirt,  being  somewhat  of  the  same 
appearance.  See  the  New  Bath  Guide,  ed. 
1830,  p.  83.  Stubb  seems  to  use  the  term  for 
some  kind  of  ornamental  fringe.  A  small  child 
is  called  a  cliitterling  in  Cotton's  Works,  ed. 
1734,  p.  264.  Part  of  the  giblets  or  entrails 
of  a  goose  are  called  chitters  in  the  North  of 
England. 

CHITTING.  Seed  laid  to  chit,  when  it  first 
shoots  its  small  roots  in  the  earth.  More's  MS. 
add.  to  Ray. 

CHITTYFACED.  Baby-faced.  Var.  dial.  Chitty- 
face  is  used  by  our  old  writers  as  a  term  of 
contempt,  not  necessarily  conveying  the  idea 
of  leanness.  See  the  Downfall  of  Robert  Earl 
of  Huntingdon,  p.  80 ;  Cotgrave,  in  v.  CMche- 
face. 

CHIVAL,    Afrorse.  (Fr.) 

Ujpon  the  captive  chtvate  came 
Into  my  tentsagaine. 

TurbevW*  Ovidt  1567,  f.  14& 


CHO 


248 


CHO 


CHIVAUCHE.   An  expedition.   (A.-N.) 
CHIVER.  To  shiver.   (A.-S.) 
CHIVES.    Chits  of  grass.    Leic.    "  Chyve  of 
safron  or  suche  lyke,"  Palsgrave. 

CHIVY.  To  chase;  to  pursue.  Also  a  sub- 
stantive. Possibly  the  same  with  cMven,  Robin 
Hood,  ii.  68. 

CHIZEN.    To  munch.   Line. 

CHIZZLY.    Hard;  harsh  and  dry.  East. 

CHOAK-DAMP.   Foul  air  in  a  colliery.  North. 

CHOAKING-PIE.  A  trick  played  on  a  heavy 
sleeper  by  lighting  a  piece  of  cotton  and  hold- 
it  to  his  nose. 

CHOAK-PEAR.  A  cant  term  for  a  small  piece 
of  copper  money. 

CHOANE.    A  small  fracture,  or  cleft. 

CHOATY.    Fat ;  chubby.    Kent. 

CHOBBINS.  Grains  of  unripened  wheat  left  in 
the  chaff,  called  in  Suffolk  chads. 

CHOCK.  (1)  To  choke. 

(2)  A  part  of  a  neck  of  veal. 

(3)  A  piece  of  wood.    North. 
CHOCKLING.    Hectoring ;  scolding.   Exmoor. 
CHOCKLY.    Choky ;  dry.    Sussex. 
CHODE.    Chided.    Miege. 

CHOFF.  Stern ;  morose.  Kent. 
CHOFFE.  A  churl.  Pr.Parv. 
CHOGS.  The  cuttings  of  hop  plants  when 

dressed  in  the  spring.    South. 

CHOILE.    To  overreach.     JorJcsJi. 

CHOKELING.     Chuckling.     Chaucer. 

CHOKES.    The  throat.    Nortkumb. 

CHOKKE.    To  push,  or  pass  through.   (A.-N.) 

CHOL.    The  jole ;  head ;  jaws.   (A.-S.)    It  is 

explained  in  a  MS.  Somersetshire  glossary 

penes  me,  "  that  part  extending  from  beneath 

the  chin  and  throat  from  ear  to  ear,"  which 

seems  to  be  the  meaning  of  cholle  in  Weber's 

Met.  Rom.  iii.  315  ;  Beves  of  Hamtoun,  pp.  96, 

104,    See  Reliq.  Antiq.  i.  59  ;  Ywaine  and 

Gawin,  1994. 

CHOLEDE.    Suffered.    Probably  an  error  for 

tholede  in  Rob.  Glouc.  p,  647. 
CHOLER.    Soot.    North. 
CHOLICKY.    Choleric.    East. 
CHOLLER.    A  double  chin.    North. 
CHOLT-HEADED.     Thick-headed.     "  Cliolt- 
headed  felow,  whose  heade  is  as  greate  as  a 
betle  or  mall,  tuditanus"  Huloet,  1552. 
CHOMP.    To  chew ;  to  crush.    North. 
CHON.    To  break.    See  Arthour  and  Merlin, 

p.  287, "  tho  that  deth  her  hert  chon." 
CHONCE.    To  cheat.   Devon. 
CHONGET.     Changed.    (A.-S.)     Chongy,  to 
change.    "  He  nel  chongy  for  no  newe,"  MS. 
Harl.  in  "Wright's  Songs  and  Carols. 
CHOOL.     I  will.     Somerset. 
CHOONERING.     Grumbling.  Lane. 
CHOOR.    SeeCto(4). 
CHOORE.    Thirty  bushels  of  flour  or  meal,  ac- 
cording to  the  Liber  Niger  Domus  Edw.  IV. 
p.  16. 

CHOORY.    To  work,  or  cha*%    Somerset. 
CHOOSING-STICK.  A  divining-rod.  Somerset. 
CROP.   (1)  To  flog,    Essex. 


(2)  To  exchange,  or  barter.     Far.  dial. 
3)  To  meet  by  chance.    North. 

'4)  To  put  in.  North.  "  Chopt  up  in  prison," 
put  in  prison,  True  Tragedie  of  Richard  III. 
p.  31. 

CHOPCHERRY.  A  game  in  which  a  cherry  is 
snatched  for,  alluded  to  in  the  Hesperides, 
Herrick's  Works,  i.  198, 

CHOPCHURCHE  S.  Secular  priests  who  gained 
money  by  exchanging  their  benefices.  See 
Kennett's  Glossary,  p.  44. 

CHOP-LOGGERHEAD.  An  intense  blockhead. 
East. 

CHOP-LOGICK.  A  person  who  is  very  argu- 
mentative. Fraternitye  of  Vacabondes,  1575. 

CHOPPER.     A  cheek  of  bacon.    Hants. 

CHOPPINE.  (1)  A  clog  or  clog  patten,  or  light 
framework,  covered  with  leather,  and  worn 
under  the  shoe.  They  were  not  worn  in  this 
country  except  on  fancy  occasions,  but  were 
common  in  Venice,  Spain,  and  other  places. 
"  Chioppiens  for  short,"  Strode's  Floating 
Island,  sig.  C. 

(2)  A  quart  measure.    North. 

CHOPPING.    Fat;  lusty.    North. 

CHORE.  A  narrow  passage  between  two  houses. 
A  Wiltshire  word  given  in  MS.  Lansd.  1033, 
f.  2.  Chare  is  still  used  at  Newcastle  in  the 
same  sense. 

CHORE.  Saturated  or  soaked  with  water. 
Northumb. 

CHORLE.    A  churl.    Rttson. 

CHOSES.    Excuses.    Plumpton  Corr.  p.  198. 

CHOSLINGES.     Chosen  people.     (A.-S.) 

Quen  he  to  pin  him-selfen  did 
For  his  choslinges  on  rod  tre. 

SIS.  Cott.  Vespas.  A.  iii.  f.  10. 

CHOUCHE.    A  couch. 

CHOUGH.    A  bird  like  a  jackdaw,  which  fre- 
quents rocks  by  the  sea-side.    Sometimes  a 
a  young  crow  was  so  called.    "  Choughe,  a 
yong  crowe,  comeilk,"  Palsgrave. 
CHOULE.    A  jaw.    North.  This  form  is  found 
in  Audelay's  Poems,  p.  77.    The  crop  of  a 
bird  is  also  so  called.    The  strap  of  the  bridle 
under  the  jaw  is  called  the  choul-oand. 
CHOUNGE.    Exchange.     Weber. 
CHOUNTING.    Quarrelling.   Exmoor. 
CHOUNTISH.    Surly.   Devon. 
CHOUPS.    Hips.    The  fruit  of  briars.   North. 
CHOUSLE.    To  munch.    Line. 
CHOUT.    A  frolic,  or  merry-making.  East. 
CHOVE.    To  sweep.   (A.-N.) 
CHOVY.   A  kind  of  small  beetle.  East. 
CHOW.  (1)  To  grumble.  North. 
(2)  To  chew.    Var.  dial. 
"HOWDER.    A  fish-seller.    Devon. 
CHOWFINGED.    A  stupid  fellow.    Lane. 
"1HOWRE.    To  grumble  or  mutter.    Somers**. 
But  when  the  crabbed  nurce 

Beginnes  to  chide  and  chowre, 

With  heavie  heart  I  take  my  course 

To  seawarde  from  the  towre. 

TwbevUtfs  Ovid,  1567,  f.  12$, 
HOWSE.    To  cheat.    Var.  dial. 
CHOWTER.  To  grumble  or  scold,   Devon. 


CHU 


249 


CHU 


CHOYS.    Shoes.    See  the  Howard  Household 

Books,  p.  48. 

CHRISECOLL.  Crystal?  See  Euphues  Golden 
Legacie,  ap.  Collier,  p.  78.  Perhaps  the  same 
with  chrysocolla,  Harrison's  Descr.  of  England, 
p.  236. 

CHRISOME.  Signifies  properly  the  white  cloth 
which  is  set  by  the  minister  of  baptism  upon 
the  head  of  a  cMld  newly  anointed  with 
chrism  after  his  baptism  :  now  it  is  vulgarly 
taken  for  the  white  cloth  put  about  or  upon  a 
child  newly  christened,  in  token  of  his  bap- 
tism, wherewith  the  women  use  to  shroud  the 
child  if  dying  within  the  month ;  otherwise  it 
is  usually  brought  to  church  at  the  day  of 
Purification.  Chrisoms  in  the  bills  of  mortality 
are  such  children  as  die  within  the  month  of 
birth,  because  during  that  time  they  use  to 
wear  the  chrisom-cloth ;  and  in  some  parts  of 
England,  a  calf  killed  before  it  is  a  month  old 
is  called  a  chrisom-calf.  Blount.  The  anoint- 
ing ointment  was  also  called  chrisome.  "Wyth 
crysume  enoyntede,"  MS.  Morte  Arthure,  f. 
54,  reference  being  made  to  a  coronation. 
*'  Oile  and  crisme,"  Leg.  Cathol.  p.  243. 

CHRIST- CROSS.  The  alphabet.  One  early 
school  lesson,  preserved  in  MS.  Rawl.  1032, 
commences,  "  Christe  crosse  me  spede  in  alle 
my  worke,"  which  seems  to  be  alluded  to  in 
the  Boke  of  Curtasye,  p.  7.  The  signature  of 
a  person  who  cannot  write  is  also  so  called. 

CHRISTENDOM.     A  Christian  name.    Shaft. 

CHRISTENMESSE.     Christmas. 

CHRISTENTYE.     Christendom,     Percy. 

CHRISTIAN-HORSES.  Sedan  chairmen.  Newc. 

CHRISTLINGS.   A  small  sort  of  plum.  Devon. 

CHRISTMAS.  Holly,  with  which  houses  are 
decorated  at  Christmas. 

CHRISTMAS-BOXES.  Boxes  for  money  car- 
ried by  poor  men  at  Christmas  to  solicit  con- 
tributions. Boxes  being  now  no  longer  used 
the  term  is  still  retained  for  the  contributions. 
Our  first  explanation  is  gathered  from  Melton's 
SixeFold  Politician,  1609,  p.  161. 

CHRISTMAS-LORD.  The  lord  of  misrule.  See 
Stanihurst's  Descr.  of  Ireland,  p.  40. 

CHRIST-TIDE.  Christmas.  In  MS.  Addit. 
10406,  f.  4,  is  a  payment  "  to  the  poore  at 
Crivtide  and  Easter." 

CHUBBY.  (1)  Surly;  angry.   East. 

(2)  Fat ;  swelling.    Var.  dial 

CHUCK.  (1)  A  great  chip.   Sussex. 

(2)  A  hen.    Craven. 

(3)  A  term  of  endearment.     Sometimes,  a  wife. 
Earle's  Microcosm,  p.  184. 

(4)  A  sea-shell.  North.   Chucks,  a  game  played 
with  frve  of  them. 

(5)  To  toss ;  to  throw.    Var.  dial. 
CHUCKER.    Cosily.    Sussex. 
CHUCKERS.  Potions  of  ardent  spirits.  North. 
CHUCKFARTHING.      A  game  described  by 

Strutt,  p.  386.    It  is  alluded  to  in  Peregrine 

Pickle,  ch.  xvi. 

CHUCK-FULL.   Quite  full.    Warw. 
'CHUCKIE.    A  hen.    Craven. 


CHUCKLE-HEAD.    A  fool.    Devon. 
CHUCKS.  (1)  The  cheeks.    Devon. 
(2)  Pinched  grains  in  the  husk.    Dorset. 
CHUFF.  (1)  A  term  of  reproach,  often  applied 

to  an  old  miser.     See  Florio,  in  v.  Avarone  ; 

Nash's    Pierce    Penniless,    p.   11 ;    Forde's 

Tracts,    p.   11.      Chuff er,    Towneley  Myst. 

p.  216. 

(2)  Churlish ;  surly.     Var.  dial 

(3)  A  cheek.    Cotgrave. 

CHUFFY.    Fat  and  fleshy.  East.  Cotgrave  has 

the  word  in  v.  Dodu. 
CHULLE.    To  bandy  about. 
We  hafe  bene  chased  to  daye  and  chullede  as  hares, 
Rebuyked  with  Romaynes  appone  theire  ryche  stedez, 
Morte  Arthurs,  MS.  Lincoln,  f,  68. 
Tho  world  makus  a  mon  to  ryse  and  falle, 
And  chulles  hym  as  men  don  a  balle, 
That  is  casten  fro  hande  to  hande. 

MS.  Bib.  Reg.  17  B.  xvii.  f.  142. 

CHUM.  (1)  A  bedfellow.     Var.  dial 

(2)  To  chew  tobacco.    Mieffe. 

CHUMMING-UP.  A  ceremony  practised  at 
some  prisons  on  the  arrival  of  a  new  comer, 
who  is  welcomed  with  the  music  of  old  swords 
and  staves,  and  is  afterwards  expected  to  pay 
a  small  sum  of  money  as  the  price  of  admission 
to  their  company. 

CHUMP.  A  log  of  wood  for  burning.  "A  great 
chip,"  according  to  Urry's  MS.  additions  to 
Ray.  The  thick  end  of  a  sirloin  of  beef  is 
called  the  chump  end. 

CHUMPY.     Small;  stunted.    Line. 

CHUMS.  Fragments  of  brick,  the  smallest  used 
by  masons. 

CHUN.    A  bad  woman.     West. 

CRUNCH.    Sulky.  Line. 

CHUNK.  (1)  A  log  of  wood.    Kent. 

(2)  To  chuck  one  under  the  chin.    Kent. 

CHUNTER.  To  complain ;  to  grumble  ;  to  mut- 
ter. Also  spelt  chunner  and  chunder. 

CHURCH-ALE.  A  wake,  a  feast  in  commemo- 
ration of  the  dedication  of  a  church. 

CHURCH-CLERK.    A  parish-clerk.    East. 

CHURCHEARD.    A  church-yard.    South. 

CHURCHE-GANG.  Church-going.  Rob.  Glouc. 

CHURCHHAW.  A  church-yard.  (A.-S~)  Chirche- 
hawe,  Sevyn  Sages,  2625.  Chyrche-haye  oc- 
curs in  an  early  MS.  quoted  in  Prompt.  Parv. 
p.  221,  and  was  in  use  in  the  seventeenth  cen- 
tury, as  appears  from  Lhuyd's  MS.  additions 
to  Ray  in  Mus.  Ashmol.  Also  called  a  church- 
garth. 

CHURCHING.  The  church-service,  not  the 
particular  office  so  called.  East. 

CHURCH-LITTEN,  A  church-yard,  or  burial 
ground.  West  Sussex.  "  When  he  come  into 
that  chirche-lyttoun  tho,"  Chron.  Vilodun. 
p.  114. 

CHURCHMAN.  An  officiating  minister.  Var. 
dial. 

CHURCH-MASTERS.  Church-wardens.  North. 

CHURCH-REVE.    A  church-warden.  (A^S.) 

CHURCH-SCOT.  Payment  or  contribution  to 
the  church.  Kennett* 

CHURCH-STILE.    A  pulpit.    North. 


CID 


250 


CIV 


CHURCH-TOWN.    A  village  near  the  church, 

South 

CHURCHWARDEN.    A  cormorant.    South. 
CHURCHWORT.    The  herb  pennyroyal. 
CHURL.    The  wallflower.    Salop. 
CHURL'S-TREACLE.    AUium,  or  garlic. 
CHURLT.  Cheerless,  applied  to  prospect ;  rough 

applied  to  weather.   Yorksh. 
CHURN-DASH.  The  staff  belonging  to  a  churn. 

North. 
CHURNEL.  An  enlargement  of  the  glands  of 

the  neck.    North. 

CHURN-GOTTING.  A  harvest-supper.  North. 
CHURN-MILK.    Buttermilk.    East. 
CHURN-SUPPER.    A  supper  given  to  the  la- 
bourers at  the  conclusion   of  the  harvest. 

North. 
CHURRE.   Some  kind  of  bird,  species  unknown, 

mentioned  in  Arch.  xiii.  350. 
CHURRING.    The  noise  made  by  a  partridge 

in  rising.    North.   See  Cotgrave,  inv.  Cabab. 
CHURTY.    Rocky  soil ;  mineral.    Kent.    The 

word  chartt  which  is  in  the  names  of  some 

localities  in  Kent,  is  supposed  to  be  connected 

with  this  term. 
CHUSE.    To  reprehend,  or  find  fault.   (A.-N.) 

Maundevile,  p.  221. 

CHUSE -BUT.    To  avoid.    Northuyib. 
CHUSE  REL.    A  debauched  fellow.    South. 
CHUTE.    A  steep  hilly  road.    /.  Wight 
CHWOT.   Dressed.    Somerset. 
CHYCONES.    Chickens.    This  form  occurs  in 

MS.  Burney  356,  f.  99. 
CHYDDER.    To  shiver.     SJcelton. 
CHYTE.    Chief.    Percy,  p.  46. 
CHYKKYNE.    To  chirp.    Pr.  Parv. 
CHYLDERIN.     Children.    (A.-S.} 
CHYMBE,    A  cymbal.    (A.-S.) 
As  a  chymbe  or  a  brazen  belle, 
That  nouther  con  undirstonde  ny  telle. 
Cursor  Mundl,  MS.  Coll.  Trin.  Cantab,  f.  76. 

CHYMMER.  A  gown  cut  down  the  middle,  and 
generally  used  only  by  persons  of  rank  and 
opulence.    Archaeologia,  xxx.  17. 
CHYMOL.    A  hinge.    Arch.  x.  93. 
CHYN.    The  chine,  or  back.     Weber. 
CHYNE.    A  chain.     Lang  toft. 
CHYNGYL.    A  shingle  of  wood. 
CHYPPE.    To  carp  at. 

In  wordys  men  weren  never  so  wyce, 
As  now  to  chyppe  at  wordys  of  reson. 

MS.  Cantab.  Ff.  ii.  38,  f.  23. 

CHYRYSE.    Cherries. 

CHYS.    Choice;  select.    See  "Reliq.  Antiq.  i. 

123;Cov.  Myst.  p.  180. 
CHYSTES.    Chests.    Weber. 
CHYTE.    To  chide.     Towneley  Mytf. 
CHYVELEN.    To  become  shrivelled. 
CICELY.    Cow  parsley.    North. 
CICHLING.    Vetches.     North. 
CICILIA.    The  name  of  an  ancient  dance.   See 

the  Shak.  Soc.  Papers,  i.  26 ;  Brit;.  Bibl,  ii. 

610. 

CIDDLE.    To  tickle.    Kent. 
CIDE.    To  decide.    South. 
CIDERAGE.    The  herb  arsmart. 


CIERGES.    Wax  tapers.    (A*N.) 

CIFTE.    A  sieve.     Pr.  Parv. 

CILE.    To  seel  or  sew  up  the  eyelids  of  a  hawk. 

CILVERYN.     To  silver  over.     Pr.  Parv. 

CIMBICK.    A  miserly  fellow.    (A.-N.) 

CIMICE.    A  wall-louse.     (Ital) 

CINCATER.    A  person  who  has  entered  his 

fiftieth  year. 

CINGLET.    A  waistcoat.    North. 
CINGULAR.    A  wild  boar  in  its  fifth  year. 

ffowell. 

CINOPER.     Cinnabar.    Jonson. 
CINQUE-PACE.    A  kind  of  dance,  the  steps  of 

which  were  regulated  by  the  number  five.   See 

Thynne's  Debate,  p.  52 ;  Collier's  Shak.  iii. 

335. 
CINQUE-PORT.    A  kind  of  fishing-net,  having 

five  entrances. 
CINQUETALE.  A  quintal.    See  Burgon's  Life 

of  Gresham,  i.  69. 
CINTER.    The  centering  of  an  arch.    See  Cot- 

grave,  in  v.  Douvette, 
CIPE.     A  great  basket.    Series. 
CIPIOUN.     Scipio.     Chaucer. 
CIPPUS.     The  stocks  or  pillory.     Ben  Jonson. 

Cf.  Blount,  in  v. 
CIPRESS.    A  fine  kind  of  gauze,  very  similar  to 

crape.    "  Cypres  for  a  womans  necke,  crespe" 

Palsgrave. 
CIRCLET,    A  round  piece  of  wood  put  under  a 

dish  at  table.     North. 
CIRCLING-BOY.    A  roaring  boy.     Jonson. 
CIRCOT.    A  surcoat.     Hardyng. 
CIRCUDRIE.     Arrogance  j  conceit.      (A.-N.) 

MS.  Ashmole  59  reads  surquyd. 
0  wheieis  all  the  transetorie  fame 
Of  pompe  and  pride  and  ciicudrir  in  fere. 

Lydgate,  MS.  Ashnwls  31),  f.  28. 
CIRCUIT.    A  circle  or  crown.     Shak. 
CIRCUMBENDIBUS.      A    circuitous   round- 
about way.     Var.  dial. 
CIRCUMCIDE.    To  cut  or  pare  off.     (Lat.) 

So  prudently  with  vertu  us  provide, 
Oure  vices  alle  that  we  may  circumdde. 

Lydgate,  MS.  Soc.  Antiq.  134,  f.  22 

CIRCUMSTANCE.     Conduct ;  detail     Shak. 

CIRNE.  The  lote-tree.  «  Cirnetre,  after,"  Re- 
liq. Antiq.  ii.  82. 

CISS.     Cicely.    Tusser. 

CISSERS.     Scissors.     Huloet. 

CIST.  (1)  A  chest.     Yorksh. 

(2)  A  cess-pool.    South. 

CITEE.     A  city.     (^.-Ar.) 

CITIZEN.    Town  bred ;  delicate.     Shak. 

CITOLE.  A  kind  of  musical  instrument  with 
chords.  (A.-N.}  Citolers,  persons  who  played 
on  citoles,  Ord.  and  Reg.  p.  4. 

CITTE.     To  cut.     (A.-S.) 

CITTERN.  A  musical  instrument,  similar  to  a 
guitar.  Cittern-headed,  ugly,  in  allusion  to 
the  grotesque  figures  with  which  the  cittern 
was  ornamented. 

GIVE.    To  prove,  or  appear.    (A.-N.) 
Be  this  ensample  it  may  wel  cive 
That  man  schalle  homicide  eschive, 

tSower,  MS.  $99,  Antiq,  134,  fi  1<H« 


CLA 


251 


CLA 


CIVEIIY.    A  partition  or  compartment  in  a 

vaulted  ceiling. 
CIVIL.     Sober;  grave  ;  piain. 
CIVIL-GOWN,     The  gown  of  a  civilian. 
CIVITY.    A  city.    "  An  ancient  civitie"  Stani- 

hurst's  Descr.  of  Ireland,  p.  9. 
CLAAS.     Close ;  tight.     Yor&sh. 
CLAATH.     Cloth.     Craven. 
CLACK.  (1)  A  woman's  tongue.     Var.  dial 

(2)  A  land  of  small  windmill  set  on  the  top  of  a 
pole  to  turn  and  clap  on  a  board  to  frighten 
away  birds. 

(3)  To  cut  off  the  sheep's  mark  from  wool,  which 
made  it  weigh  less,  and  so  diminished  the  duty 
payable  on  it.    Blount. 

(4)  The  clapper  of  a  mill.    See  Cotgrave,  in  v. 
Claquet. 

(5)  The  sucker  or  valve  of  a  pump.     Var.  dial 

(6)  To  snap  with  the  fingers.     See  Florio,  in  v. 
Castagn£tte. 

CLACK-BOX,    The  tongue.    East. 

CLACK-DISH.  A  dish,  or  rather  box,  with  a 
moveable  lid,  carried  by  beggars  in  former 
times,  to  attract  notice  by  the  noise  it  made, 
and  to  bring  people  to  their  doors.  It  was 
also  called  a  clap-dish,  and  Forby  mentions  a 
phrase  still  in  use,  "  his  tongue  moves  like  a 
beggar's  clap-dish"  In  Kennett's  time  the 
term  was  applied  to  "  a  wooden  dish  wherein 
they  gather  the  toll  of  wheat  and  other  corn 
in  markets." 

CL ACKER.  A  rattle  to  frighten  away  birds 
from  a  corn-field.  West.  It  is  called  a 
clacJcet  by  Cotgrave,  in  v.  Clac.  "  Clacks  of 
wood,"  small  pieces  of  wood  to  clap  with, 
Thorns7  Anecdotes  and  Traditions,  p.  113. 

CLADDE.  Covered  with  armour ;  armed.  See 
Sir  Tristrem,  p.  145. 

CLAES.    Clothes.    North. 

CLAFE.    Cleft. 

Thorow  owt  helme  and  hawberk  cler, 
Hed  and  body  he  clafe  yn  sender. 

MS.  Cantab.  Ff.  ii.  38,  f.  108. 

CLAG.  To  stick,  or  adhere.  North.  Hence 
claggy,  glutinous,  sticky. 

CLAGGER.    A  well-timed  remark.    North. 

CLAGGUM.  Treacle  made  hard  with  boiling, 
North.  It  is  also  called  clag-candy. 

CLAG-LOCKS.  Locks  of  wool  matted  or  clot- 
ted together.  East. 

CLAGS.     Bogs.    North. 

CLAIKET.    A  hole,  or  puddle.     0#<m. 

CLAIKS.  Barnacles,  or  brant-geese.  See  Ho- 
linshed,  Hist.  Scotland,  p.  17. 

CLAIM.    To  cry  out.     (Lat.) 

CLAIM-UP.  A  mill  is  said  to  be  claimed  up 
when  it  is  overloaded.  It  also  means  to  paste 
up  a  paper  as  an  advertisement.  North. 

CLAIRG.    To  bedaub.    North. 

CLAIRON.    A  clarion.    Fiona. 

CIAITY.    Dirty.     Cumb. 

CLAKE.    To  scratch.    North. 

CLAM.  (1)  A  stick  laid  across  a  stream  of  water. 


(2)  Clamminess.    East.    Any  adhesive,  viscous 


matter.    "  To  clam  or  sticke  close   unto* 
Florio,  ed.  1611,  p.  33. 

(3)  A  slut.    East. 

(4)  To  emaciate.  East.  A  person  who  is  starved 
is  said  to  be  clammed.    "  I  would  sooner 
clam  than  go  to  the  workhouse." 

(5)  To  daub ;  to  glue.     North. 

(6)  To  pinch.     North. 

(7)  Climbed.     Yorfoh.    "  He  clam  uppon  the 
tree,"  Wright's  Seven  Sages,  p.  33 ;  dame,  p. 
107.     See  also  Collier's  Old  Ballads,  p.  99. 
Clambe,  Perceval,  1223. 

(8)  To  clog  up.     West.    Also,  to  choke  with 
thirst. 

To  snatch ;  to  shut.    Line. 
10)  A  kind  of  shell-fish,  mentioned  by  Pennant, 
See  Brit.  Bibl.  iv.  316. 

(11)  To  castrate  a  bull  or  ram  by  compression. 
North. 

(12)  A  rat-trap.     South. 

(13)  To  rumple.    Devon. 

(14)  To  muffle  a  bell.    SeeWaldron's  Sad  Shep- 
herd, p.  167.    According  to  some,  to  ring  a 
bell  irregularly  or  out  of  tune. 

CLAMBEN.     Climbed.     (A.-S.} 

CLAMBER.     To  climb.     Var.  dial     Howell 

has  clammer  in  his  Lex.  Tet. 
CLAMBERANDE.     Clustering. 
CLAMBERSCULL.    Very  strong  ale.    East. 
CLAME.  (1)  To  fasten  one  thing  to  another 

with  any  glutinous  or  clammy  matter.  North. 

To  dame  butter,  to  spread  it  upon  bread. 

}  To  call.    Spenser. 
3)  An  iron  hook,  to  bind  together  horizontally 

the  stonework  of  a  piece  of  masonry. 
(4)  To  challenge.     (A.-N.} 
CLAMERYNE.    To  creep,  or  climb.  Pr.  Parv. 
CLAMMAS.  (1)  To  climb.    North. 
(2)  A  noise,  or  clamour.    North. 
CLAMMERSOME.  Clamorous ;  greedy.  North. 
CLAMP.  (1)  An  extempore  and  imperfect  sort 

of  brick-kiln.    East. 

(2)  A  mound  of  earth  lined  with  straw  to  keep 
potatoes,  beetroot,  or  turnips  through  the 
winter.    East. 

(3)  To  tread  heavily.     Var.  dial     Sometimes 
clamper  is  heard  in  the  same  sense. 

)  A  large  fire  made  of  underwood.    North. 

)  When  a  piece  of  board  is  fitted  with,  the 

grain  to  the  end  of  another  piece  across  the 

g>ain,  the  first  board  is  said  to  be  clamped. 
CLAMPS.    Andirons.    North. 
CLAMS.  A  kind  of  forceps  or  pincers,  with  long 

wooden  handles,  with  which  farmers  pull  up 

thistles  and  weeds.  North. 
CLANCH.     To  snatch  at.  lino. 
CLANK.    A  clang,  or  bang.   North. 
CLANKER.    A  severe  beating.  North. 
CLANLICHE.     Cleanly  5  entirely.     See  Rob. 

Glouc.  p.  97 ;  Life  of  St.  Brandan,  p.  4. 
CLANKES.   Purity;  chastity.  Clawy,  t 

Gesta  Roman,  p.  70. 
CLANT.    To  claw,  or  s^rateh.  North* 
CLAP.  (1)  To  sit  down.   Var..  dial 
(2)  The  lip,  or  tongue.    West. 


CLA 


252 


CLA 


(3)  A  blow,  or  stroke,     Var.  dial    Skelton  has  ! 
the  word  in  this  sense.     Clappe,  to  strike  off, 
"Ritson's  Anc.   Songs,  i.  51;  Wright's  Pol. 
Songs,  p.  188. 

(4)  To  fondle,  to  pat.  North. 

(5)  To  place  to,  or  apply.    Var.  dial 

(6)  The  lower  part  of  the  heat  of  a  hawk.   Gent. 
Rec.  ii.  62. 

(7)  Low ;  marshy.  East. 

CLAP-BENE.  A  request  made  to  infants  in  their 
nurse's  arms  to  clap  their  hands  as  the  only 
means  they  have  of  expressing  their  prayers. 
Pronounced  claphenny.  See  Bene  (5). 

CLAP-BOABD.  Board  cut  in  order  to  make 
casks.  See  Book  of  Rates,  p.  32. 

CLAP-BREAD.  Cake  made  of  oatmeal,  rolled 
thin  and  baked  hard.  Also  called  clap-cake. 
According  to  Kennett,  "  they  seem  to  be  so 
called  from  clapping  or  beating  the  part  till  it 
is  very  thin." 

CLAP-DISH.     See  Clacb-disTi. 

CLAPER.    To  chatter.   Oxon. 

CLAP-GATE.  A  small  horse-gate.  East. 

CLAPHOLT.  Same  as  clap-board,  q.  v.  See 
Brit.  Bibl  ii.  401, 510 ;  Book  of  Rates,  p.  32. 

CLAPPE.  To  talk  fast.  (A.-S.)  Also  a  sub- 
stantive. "Hold  thou  thy  clappe,"  Chron. 
Vilodun.  p.  94.  See  Clap  (2) ;  W.  Mapes, 
p.  343. 

CLAPPER.  (1)  The  tongue.    North. 

(2)  A  plank  laid  across  a  running  stream  as  a 
substitute  for  a  bridge.    Devon. 

(3)  A  rabbit  burrow.    (A.-N.}   "  Cony  hole  or 
clapar,"  Palsgrave.    "  A  clapper  for  conies, 
i.  e.  a  heap  of  stones,  earth,  with  boughes  or 
such  like,  whereinto  they  may  retire  them- 
selves, or  a  court  walled  about  and  full  of  nests 
of  boords  for  tame  conies,"  Minsheu. 

(4)  A  door-knocker,  Minsheu. 
CLAPPERCLAW.    To  beat  and  abuse.   In  the 

Clavis  to  Meriton,  1697,  it  is  explained  "to 
work  earnestly,  or  beat  or  fight  earnestly." 

CLAPPERDUDGEON.  Beggars  who  went 
about  with  patched  cloaks,  accompanied  by 
their  morts. 

CLAPPING.     Noisy  talking.   (^.-5.) 

CLAPPING-POST.  The  smaller  of  apair  of  gate- 
posts, against  which  the  .gate  closes.  East. 

CLAPSE.  A  clasp.  West.  We  have  the  verb 
elapse  in  Chaucer,  Cant,  T.  275. 

CLAP-STILE.  A  peculiar  kind  of  stile,  the  hori- 
zontal ledges  being  moveable.  Suffolk. 

CLAPTE.   Struck.   (A.-S.) 

CLARANERIS.  Clarinets,  or  bells.   Weoer. 

CLAREFID.    Glorified.  (Lat.) 

A  voice  come  fro  hevene  thore, 

I  haf  clarefid  the,  he  saide. 

MS.  Cantab.  Ff.  v.  48,  f.  90. 
CLARENT.   Smooth.  Devon. 
CLARESTER.    See  Clear-story. 
CLARET.   See  Clarry. 
CLARE  TEE.  Brightness.  Maundevile. 
CLARGYMAN.    A  black  rabbit.    Chesh. 
CLARICORD.  A  musical  instrument  in  the  form 
of  a  spinet,    containing  from  thirty-five  to 


seventy  strings.  Florio  calls  it  clarigols,  and 
makes  it  synonymous  with  the  harpsichord. 
He  also  spells  it  claricoes.  See  his  New  World 
of  Words,  ed.  1611,  pp.  39,  173,  219;  Har- 
rison's Descr.  of  England,  p.  238.  "  Claricym- 
balles,  cimbalks"  Palsgrave.  Sir  W.  Leighton 
has  claricoales  in  his  Teares  or  Lamentations 
of  a  Sorrowfull  Soule,  4to.  Lond.  1613. 

CLARION.  A  kind  of  small-mouthed  and  shrill- 
sounding  trumpet,  used  commonly  as  a  treble 
to  the  ordinary  one.  (A.-N,)  Clarionere,  a 
trumpeter,  MS.  Morte  Arthure.  Claryide, 
played  on  the  clarion,  Reliq.  Antiq.  i.  86. 

CLARISSIMO.    A  grandee  of  Venice. 

CLARRY.  Wine  made  with  grapes,  honey,  and 
aromatic  spices.  Wine  mixed  with  honey  and 
spices,  and  afterwards  strained,  was  called 
clarrc,  but  the  original  claret  was  a  sweet  wine 
of  itself  made  of  the  above-mentioned  mate- 
rials. See  Launfal,  344 ;  Chaucer,  Cant.  T. 
1473,  9717  ;  Kyng  Alisaunder,  7582;  Arthour 
and  Merlin,  p.  116 ;  Warner's  Antiq.  Culm. 
p.  90  ;  Harrison's  Descr.  of  England,  p.  167 ; 
Ord.  and  Reg.  pp.  435,  473 ;  Digby  Mysteries, 
p.  77.  According  to  Forby,  any  sort  of 
foreign  red  wine  is  called  claret  in  the  East  of 
England, 

The  erle  come  to  hur  with  that, 
Wyth  pymentand  wyth  cton-t/. 

MS.  Cantab.  Ff,  ii.  38   f.  117. 

CLART.  To  spread,  smear,  or  daub.  A  flake 
of  snow,  when  it  is  large  and  sticks  to  the 
clothes,  is  called  a  dart.  So  we  have  darts, 
mud ;  clarty,  muddy,  sticky.  Clarty-paps,  a 
dirty  sloven  of  a  wife. 

CLARYNE.   To  clear,  or  clarify. 

CLASH.  (1)  To  gossip.  North.  Also,  an  idle 
story,  tittle-tattle ;  a  tale-bearer.  Clash-me- 
saunter,  a  tiresome  repeater  of  stories. 

(2)  To  throw  anything  carelessly,  or  bang  it 
about.  North. 

CLASHY.    Foul;  rainy.  North. 

CLASPER.    A  tendril.    Oxon. 

CLASP-KNIFE.   A  large  pocket-knife. 

CLAT.  (1)  To  cut  the  dirty  locks  of  wool  off 
sheep.  South. 

(2)  To  break  clods  of  earth  or  spread  dung  on  a 
field.    West.    Also,  a  clod  of  earth. 

(3)  To  tattle.   SeeCto(l). 

(4)  Cow-dung.    West. 

(5)  A  dish  in  ancient  cookery,  described  in  the 
Forme  of  Cury,  p.  42. 

CLATCH.    A  brood  of  chickens.    Lane. 

CLATE.  Some  wedge  belonging  to  a  plough, 
Chesh. 

CLATHERS.   Clothes.    West. 

CLATS.    Slops ;  spoon  victuals.    Lino. 

CLATTER.  Noise ;  idle  talk.  North.    "Halden 
stillethy  clater,"  Towneley  Myst.  p.  190.    To 
chatter,  Morte  d' Arthur,  ii.  170.  To  beat  so  as 
to  rattle,  Florio,  ed.  1611,  p.  293.    Clatterer, 
a  person  who  cannot  keep  a  secret. 
For  councel  otvght  to  be  kept  and  not  to  be  clatrid, 
And  children  ben  ay  ciutringe  as  thou  wel  knowest. 

,  f.  A 


OLE 


253 


OLE 


CLATTERFERT.  A  tale-telicr.  See  Stani- 
liurst's  Description  of  Ireland,  p.  21. 

CLATTY.     Dirty ;  slovenly.     Line. 

CLAUCHT.  Scratched ;  clawed.  Craven.  In 
Lincolnshire,  clauc&s,  to  snatch. 

CLAUD.     A  ditch,  or  fence.     North. 

CLAUGHT.    Snatched  at.     Norttiumb. 

CLAUM.     To  scrape  together.     Line. 

CLAUNCH.  To  walk  in  a  lazy,  lounging  man- 
ner. East. 

CLAUSE.     An  end,  or  conclusion.     (A.-N.} 

CLAUSTER.    A  cloister.     (Lat.) 

CLAUT.  (1)  To  tear,  or  scratch.  North.  To 
scrape  together,  to  clean. 

(2)  The  marsh  ranunculus.     Wilts. 

CLAVE.  (1)  The  handle,  or  the  part  of  a  pair  of 
small  balances  by  which  they  are  lifted  up  in 
weighing  anything. 

(2)  Cleaved.     Chester  Plays,  ii.  70. 

CLAYEL.  A  mantel-piece.  West.  Called  also 
clavel-tack,  clavy,  and  clavy-piece.  Clavel- 
tack  is,  I  believe,  the  shelf  over  the  mantel- 
piece. 

CLAVER.  (1)  To  climb.  North.  "  Clymbande 
ande&roeraw&one  heghe/'MS.  MorteArthure. 

(2)  To  talk  fast,  to  cajole  any  one  by  talking. 
North. 

(3)  Clover-grass.     North. 

The  close  was  hi  compas  castyne  alle  abowte 
With  claver  and  clereworte  clede  evene  over. 

Line.  MS.  MorteArthure,  f.  87. 

CLAVERS.    Din ;  noisy  talking.     North. 
CLAVY-TACK.     A  key.    Exmoor. 
CLAW.  (1)  To  curry  favour.     North.  ' 

(2)  To  seize,  or  snatch ;  to  take  away  violently. 
North.     "  Claw  me,  and  He   claw  thee," 
Howell,  p.  11. 

(3)  One  fourth  part  of  a  cow-gait  in  common 
pastures.    North. 

CLAW-BACK.  A  flatterer.  See  Cotgrave,  in 
v.  Jaquet ;  Barnaby's  Journal. 

CLAWE.  To  stroke.  (A.-S,}  Clauyng,  stroking, 
Wright's  Seven  Sages,  p.  34,  or,  perhaps, 
tickling. 

CLAW-ILL.  An  ulcer  in  the  feet  of  cattle. 
Devon. 

CLAW-OFF.    To  reprove.    North. 

CLAWS.    Clothes.     Somerset. 

CLAY.    To  shiver.    Devon. 

CLAY-COLD.    Lifeless.     South. 

CLAY-DAUBIN.  A  custom  in  Cumberland, 
where  the  neighbours  and  friends  of  a  newly- 
married  couple  assemble,  and  do  not  separate 
till  they  have  erected  them  a  rough  cottage. 

CLAY-SALVE.    The  common  cerate.    East. 

CLAY-STONE.  A  blue  and  white  limestone 
dug  in  Gloucestershire. 

CLAYT.    Clay  or  mire.    Kent. 

CLEACH.    To  clutch.    Salop. 

CLEACHING-NET.  A  hand  net,  with  a  semi- 
circular hoop  and  transverse  bar,  used  by 
fishermen  on  the  banks  of  the  Severn.  Ken- 
nett,  MS.  Lansd.  1033,  calls  it  a  cleek-net. 

CLEAD.    To  clothe  or  clad.    East. 

CLEAK.    To  snatch.    North. 


GLEAM.     To  glue  together.     See  Clam  (2). 

CLEAMED.    Leaned;  inclined.     North. 

CLEAN.  (1)  Entirely.  Var.  dial.  "  To  abolish 
cleane,  or  make  to  be  forgotten,"  Rider.  See 
Harrison's  Desc.  of  Britaine,  p.  52,  England, 
p.  139  ;  Cotgrave,  in  v.  Anguille,  Contre-fil, 
Levant. 

(2)  Clear  in  complexion ;  pure.    See  Stanihurst, 
p.  44  ;  Holinshed,  Hist.  Scot.  p.  69. 

(3)  To  wash,  dress,  and  arrange  one's  toilet. 
Var.  dial. 

CLEANING.  The  after-birth  of  a  cow.  Also 
called  the  cleansing. 

CLEANSER.  A  large  kind  of  gun-picker. 
Meyrick,  iii.  118, 

CLEAR.  (1)  Pure  ;  innocent.     Shaft. 

(2)  Same  as  clean  (1).  Clear  and  shear,  totally, 
completely. 

CLEAR-STORY.  The  upper  story  of  a  church. 
This  term  seems  to  have  been  used  in  a  variety 
of  ways  for  any  method  of  admitting  light  into 
the  upper  parts  of  a  building.  It  appears  from 
Holme  that  clearstory  windows  are  those 
which  have  "  no  transum  or  cross-piece  in 
the  middle  of  them  to  break  the  same  into  two 
lights,"the  meaning  employed  by  Shakespeare, 
Twelfth  Night,  iv.  2.  "  Cl'arestorie  wyndowe, 
fenestrenula"  Huloet's  Abcedarium,  1552. 

.CLEAT.  A  piece  of  iron  worn  on  shoes  by 
country  people.  To  cleat,  to  strengthen  any 
thing  with  iron. 

CLEAT-BOARDS.  Mud  pattens,  broad  flat 
pieces  of  board  fastened  to  the  shoes  to  enable 
a  person  to  walk  on  the  mud  without  sinking 
into  it. 

CLEAVER.  A  school-boy's  toy,  consisting  of  a 
piece  of  thoroughly-soaked  leather  to  which  a 
string  is  attached.  The  leather  is  then  closely 
squeezed  to  a  stone  by  the  feet  to  exclude  every 
particle  of  air,  when  by  pulling  the  string  the 
stone  may  be  lifted  out  of  the  flagging,  the 
experiment  being  generally  tried  on  pavement. 
North. 

CLEAVERS.    Tufts  of  grass.    East. 

CLECHE.    To  snatch,  or  seize. 

Thus  wolde  he  cleche  us  with  his  hande, 
With  his  fyngers  on  rawe. 

MS,  Cantab.  Ff.  v.  48,  f.  82. 

CLECK.    To  hatch.     North. 

CLECKIN.  A  chicken.  North.  InTowneley 
My st.  p.  311,  clefa/t,  hatched. 

CLECKING.  Said  of  a  fox,  maris  appetens. 
Craven. 

CLECIUNGS.    A  shuttlecock.     Cumb, 

CLECKS.     Refuse  of  oatmeal.    Line. 

CLED.  (1)  Clad;  clothed.  Chaucer.  It  occurs 
also  in  MS.  Cott.  Vespas.  D.  vii.;  Craven 
Glossary,  i.  75 ;  Towneley  Myst.  p.  131 ;  MS. 
Lansd.  1033. 

CLEDEN.    Goosegrass.    Dorset. 

CLEDGY.  Clayey,  stiff.  Kent.  Harrison  uses 
the  term  in  his  Description  of  England,  pp. 
Ill,  170. 

CLEEK.    A  hook,  a  barb.    North. 

CLEERTE.    Glory.    (A<-N.) 


CLE 


254  CLE 


CLEES.  Claws.  North.  Also  spelt  cleyes. 
See  the  Nomenclator,  p.  63;  Marlowe,  iii. 
492 ;  Maundevile,  p.  198. 

As  a  cat  wolde  ete  fischis 
Withoute  wetynge  of  his  dees. 

Gower,  MS.  Soc.  Antiq.  134,  f.  110. 

CLEET.  (1)  The  hoof.    North. 

(2)  A  stay  or  support. 

CLEEVES.   Cliffs.  See  Greene's  Works,  i.  147  ; 

clqfe,  Eglamour,  415. 
CLEFFE.  Cleaved-  "  Cleffe  one  the  cuke walde," 

Morte  Arthure,  MS.  Line.  f.  67. 
CLEFT.  (1)  Black  slate.    North. 

(2)  Timber  fit  for  cooper's  ware,  spokes,  &c. 
Yorksh. 

CLEG.  (1)  The  gad-fly.  North.  "  Hornets, 
clegs,  and  clocks,"  Du  Bartas,  p.  361.  "A 
ciegge  flie,  solipuga"  Baret,  C.  594. 

(2}  A  clever  person ;  an  adept.   Lane. 

(3)  To  cling,  or  adhere.    North. 
CLEGGER.     To  cling.     Cumb. 
CLEGNING.     See  Cleaning. 

CLEKE.  To  snatch,  grasp,  or  strike.  "  He 
clekys  owtte  Collbrande,"  MS.  Morte  Ar- 
thure. 

The  devell  bekynnes  with  his  honde 

Men  als  he  wele  kane, 

And  with  his  fyve  fyngerys 

He  cleJees  mony  a  in  one. 

MS.  Cantab.  Ff.  v*  48,  f.  81. 

CLEM.  (1)  Same  as  Clam  (4,  8). 

(2)  St.  Clement.    South. 

(3)  To  climb.    Arch,  xxviii.  97. 
CLEMYD.     Closed  j  fastened.    Arch.  xxx.  405. 
CLENCHE.    To  cling  together.    (A.-S.) 
CLENCY.    Miry;  dirty.     Line. 

CLENE.    Pure  ;  clean.    (A.-S.) 

CLENENESSE.    Purity.     (A.-S.) 

CLENGE.   To  contract  or  shrink.    To  strain  at, 

Wickliffe,  MS.  Bodl.  where  Baber  reads  den- 

synge,  p.  27. 

CLENKING.    Clinking;  jingling. 
CLENSOUNE.    Declension.    Reliq.  Antii.  14. 
CLE  NT.    To  become  hard,  generally  applied  to 

grain.     West. 

CLEOVES.    Cliffs.    Kyng  Alis.  6277, 
CLEPE.    To  call.    (A.-S.)    Clepton,  pi.  called, 

Chron.  Vilodun.  p.  97.    Palsgrave  has,  "  I 

clepe,  I  call,  je  huysche  /  this  terme  is  farre 

Northerne."    This  verb  is  still  used  by  toys 

at  play  in  the  Eastern  counties,  who  dope  the 

sides  at  a  game. 
CLEPEL.    A  kind  of  pipe  forming  part  of  a 

clock. 
CLEPPS.    A  wooden,  instrument  for  pulling 

weeds  out  of  corn.    Cumb. 
CLER.    Polished ;  resplendent.   Weber.    Clers, 

clear,  Sevyn  Sages,  2036. 
CLERE.    A  kerchief. 

On  their  heades  square  bonettes  of  damaske  golde, 

rolled  wyth  lose  gold  that  did  hange  doune  at  their 

backes,  with  kerchiefes  or  dares  of  fyne  cypres. 

Hall.  Henry  Vlll.  f.  83. 
CLERENESSE.     Glory.     (A.-N.) 
CLERETE.    Purity.     (A.-S) 

Some  mane  whenne  he  hase  lange  travelde  bodyly 
«Ad  gaately  in  dystroynge  of  synnes  and  getynge  of 


vertus,  and  peraventour  hase  getyn  by  grace  a  som- 
dele  ryste  and  a  cleretc  in  concyence. 

MS.  Lincoln  A.  i.  17,  f.  223. 
CLERGIE.  Science;  learning.  (A.-N.)  See 
Sevyn  Sages,  46  ;  Wright's  Seven  Sages,  p.  2 ; 
Middleton,  ii.  155.  Clergiatty,  learnedly, 
Piers  Ploughman,  p.  8 ;  Hartshorne's  Met. 
Tales,  p.  56. 

I  rede  how  besy  that  he  was 
Upon  clergye,  an  hed  of  bras 
To  forge  and  make  it  for  to  tells. 

Gowei;  MS.  Soc.  Antiq.  134,  f.  104. 
For  thouje  I  to  the  steppis  clergial 
Of  these  clerkis  thre  may  not  atteyne. 

Occleve,  MS.  Ibid.  f.  263. 

CLERGION.    A  young  clerk.    (A.-N.) 
CLERGY.    An  assembly  of  clerks.     "  Clergy,  a 

nombre  of  clerkes,"  Palsgrave. 
CLERK.  A  scholar.   (A.-N.)  To  make  a  clerkes 

berde,  i.  e.  to  cheat  him. 
CLERLICHE.    Purely.     (A.-S.) 
CLER-MATYN.    A  kind  of  fine  bread.  (A.-N.) 

See  Piers  Ploughman,  p.  135. 
CLERTE.    Brightness.  (A.-S.)  SeeGestaRom. 

p.  277 ;  Audelay's  Poems,  p.  45 ;  Apol.  Loll. 

p.  5. 

CLERYFY.    To  make  known,  or  clear. 
CLESTE.    To  cleave  in  two.    North.    Huloet 

has  this  word,  Abcedarium,  1552. 
CLETCH.    A  brood  of  chickens.    North. 
CLETE.    A  piece  of  wood  fastened  on  the  yard- 
arms  of  a  ship  to  keep  the  ropes  from  slipping 

off  the  yards. 

CLETHE.    To  clothe.    North* 
CLETT.     Gleet.    MS.  Med.  Line. 
CLEVE.    A  dwelling.     (A.-S.) 
CLEVEL.    A  grain  of  corn.    Kent. 
CLEVEN.  (1)  Rocks  ;  cliffs.    (A.-S.) 
(2)  To  split,  or  cleave.    (A.-S.) 

Sche  was  meteles  vj.  dayes> 
For  care  hur  herte  clevyth. 

MS.  Cantab.  Ff.  ii.  38,  f.  68* 

CLEVE-PINK.    A  species  of  carnation  which 
grows  wild  on  the  Chedder  cliffs.     Ckve  for 
dip  is  common  in  early  English. 
Ynto  a  wode  was  veryly  thykk, 
There  devys  were  and  weyes  wyck. 

M8.  Cantab.  Ff.  ii.  38,  f.  84. 

CLEVER.  (1)  Handsome  ;  good-looking.  East. 
Kennett  says,  "  nimble,  neat,  dextrous." 
Lusty ;  very  well.  Lane. 

(2)  Clearly;  fully.    Kent. 

(3)  To  climb,  or  scramble  up.    North. 

(4)  Affable.    South. 

(5)  A  clod,  or  tuft  of  coarse  grass  turned  up  by 
the  plough.    East. 

CLEVERBOOTS.  A  clever  person,  generally  la 

a  satirical  sense.     Var.  dial.    Brockett  has 

clever-clumsy* 
CLEVET.    Cleaved.     See  Warton's  Hist  Engl. 

Poet.  ii.  413  ;  Anturs  of  Arther,  xl.  13. 
CLEVVY.  A  species  of  draft  iron  for  a  plough. 

North. 
CLEW.  (1)  A  ring  at  the  head  of  a  scythe  which 

fastens  it  to  the  sned. 
(2)  Scratched.    Sevyn  Sages,  925. 


CLI 


255 


CLI 


(3)  A  rock.   (X.-S.)  "  Bothe  the  clew  es  and.  tlie 

clyfez,"  Morte  Arthure,  MS.  Lincoln,  f.  74. 
CLEXVE.    To  cleave,  or  fasten  to. 
CLEWKIN.    Strong  twine.     North. 
CLEW5THE.    Coiled.     Chron.  Vil.  p.  99. 
CLEY.     A  hurdle  for  sheep. 
CLEYMANNE.     A  dauber.    Pr.  Parv. 
CLEYMEN.      To    claim.      (A.-N.)     Cleymyn, 

Christmas  Carols,  p.  8 ;  deymyd,  Apol.  Loll. 

p.  42. 

CLEYNT.    Clung.     Ritson. 
CLEYSTAFFE.    A  pastoral  staff.     Pr.  Parv. 
CLEY3TE.     Cleaved?    See  Morte  d' Arthur,  i. 

157,  "  and  ckyt,te  hym  under  his  ryght  arme." 
CLIBBY.    Sticky ;  adhesive.    Devon. 
CLICK.  (1)  To  snatch,    Var.  dial. 
(2}  To  tick  as  a  clock    "  To  click  or  fiurt  with 

ones  fingers  as  moresco  dancers/'  Florio,  ed. 

1611,  p.  52.    "  To  cliche  with  ones  knuckles," 

ih.  p.  148. 
(3)  A  blow.    East. 
CLICKET.  (1)  To  chatter.  East.    "  Her  that 

will  clicket,"    Tusser,  p.  251.     "A  tailing 

huswife,    whose  dicfat  is  ever   wagging/' 

Cotgrave. 

(2)  A  clap-dish ;  anything  that  makes  a  rattling 
noise.  Cotgrave.     "  A  boy's  clickets,  flat  bones 
wherewith  a  pretty  rattling  noise  is  made/' 
Miege. 

(3)  A  latch-key.    (A.-N.}    According  to  Salop. 
Antiq.  p.  361,  "to  fasten  as  with  a  link  over 
a  staple."    See  cliketted,  Piers  Ploughman, 
p.  114. 

(4)  A  term  applied  to  a  fox  when  maris  appetens. 
Gent.  Rec.  ii.  76. 

CLICKETY-CLACK.  The  noise  that  iron  pat- 
tens make  in  walking.  Var.  dial. 

CLICK-UP.  A  person,  with  a  short  leg,  who  in 
walking  makes  a  clicking  noise.  Line. 

CLIDER.    Goose-grass.   Far.  dial 

CLIELD.  A  child.   Devon. 

CLIFE.    Clear;  fine.   (A.-N.} 

CLIFFE.    A  rock.   (A.-S.) 

CLIFT.  A  cleft,  or  opening  of  any  kind,  as  the 
split  of  a  pen,  thefourchurein  Cotgrave,  &e. 
See  Nomenclator,  p.  7;  Reliq.  Antiq.  ii.  78  ; 
Urry's  Chaucer,  p.  94,  1.  881.  Clift,  a  cliff, 
Middleton,  v.  405,  and  Moor's  Suffolk  Words. 

CLIFTY.    Lively;  active.    North. 

CLIGHTE.  Closed;  fastened  together.  See 
Chester  Plays,  i.  115,  and  the  list  of  obsolete 
words  prefixed  to  Batman  uppon  Bartho- 
lome,  1582. 

CLIGHTY.    Stiff;  clayey.   Kent. 

CLIM.  (1)  To  climb,  i  ar.  dial.  Drayton  uses 
this  form  in  his  Battaille  of  Agincourt,  p.  30. 
"  The  waves  to  climme,"  ib.  p.  5. 

(2)  Clement.  Forby  gives  the  name  to  a  kind  of 
nursery  goblin. 

(3)  To  call,  or  challenge.   (A.-N.) 
CLIMBER,    To  clamber.    Tusser.    Jennings, 

p.  115,  has  dimmer. 
CLIME.   The  ascent  of  a  hill.    See  Holinshed, 

Hist,  of  England,  i.  38. 
CLIMP.  (1)  To  steal.  East. 


(2)  To  soil  with  the  fingers.  East, 
CLINCH.  (1)  To  confirm  an  improbable  story 
by  a  lie.    Far.  dial. 

(2)  A  witty  saying,  or  repartee.    Howell's  Lex. 
Tet.  1660. 

(3)  A  claw,  or  fang.   North. 
CLINCHING-NET.    See  Cleaching-net. 
CLINCHPOUP.    A  term  of  contempt  found  in 

Northbrooke's  Treatise,  1577. 

CLINCQUANT.  Brass  thinly  wrought  out  into 
leaves.  North.  This  is  in  More's  MS.  addi- 
tions to  Ray.  (Fr.} 

CLINE.   To  climb.    Warw. 

CLING.  (1)  To  shrink  up.  North.  This  is  Ken- 
nett's  explanation,  and  is  used  by  Shakespeare. 

(2)  To  rush  with  violence.    North. 

CLINK.    A  hard  blow.   far.  dial 

CLINKE.   To  ring;  to  tinkle.    (A.-N.} 

CLINKER.  (1)  A  bad  sort  of  coal ;  a  cinder  from 
an  iron  furnace.  Salop. 

(2)  A  small  puddle  made  by  the  foot  of  a  horse 
or  cow.  Warw. 

CLINKER-BELL.  An  icicle.  Somerset. 

CLINKERS.   Small  bricks.    Far.  dial 

CLINKET.  A  crafty  fellow.  North. 

CLINKS.   Long  nails.   Far.  dial 

CLINQUANT.   Shining.   (Fr.) 

CLINT.  To  clench,  and  hence,  to  finish,  to  com- 
plete. Somerset. 

GLINTS.  Crevices  among  bare  lime-stone  rocks. 
North. 

CLIP.  (1)  To  shear  sheep.    North, 

(2)  To  embrace.   (A.-S.) 

(3)  To  hold  together  by  means  of  a  screw  or  ban- 
dage.  Salop. 

(4)  To  call  to.  North.  This  is  merely  a  form  of 
clepe>  q.  v. 

(5)  To  shorten.    Craven. 

(6)  A  blow,  or  stroke.  East. 

(7)  To  shave.  Rider. 

CLIPPE.  To  cut.   (A.«S.) 

CLIPPER.  A  sheep-shearer.   North. 

CLIPPES.  An  eclipse. 

CLIPPINGS.  Fragments ;  broken  victuals. 

CLIPPING-THE-CHURCH.  An  old  Warwick- 
shire custom  on  Easter  Monday.  The  charity 
children  joined  hand  in  hand  formed  a  circle 
completely  round  each  church.  See  Hone's 
Every-day  Book,  i.  431. 

CLIPS.  (1)  Eclipsed.  Lydgate.  It  is  a  substan- 
tive in  the  Misfortunes  of  Arthur,  p.  65 ; 
Lilly's  Gallathea,  ed.  1632,  sig.  R.  i;  Piers 
Ploughman,  p.  377;  Chron.  Mirab.  p.  93. 
Clipsy,  as  if  eclipsed,  Rom.  of  the  Rose, 
5349. 

(2)  Shears ;  scissors.  Northumb. 

(3)  Pot-hooks.  North. 
CLIPT-DINMENT.    A  shorn  wether  sheep ;  a 

mean  looking  fellow.    Cumb. 

CLISHAWK.   To  steal.  Line. 

CLISH-CLASH.  Idk  discourse.  North.  Also 
called  clish-ma-elashr  and  clisJi-ma-elaver. 

CLIT.  (1)  Stiff;  eMyer,  heavy.  Swth.  Also 
heavy,  hazy,  applied  to  the  state  of  the  at- 
mosphere. 


CLO 


256 


CLO 


(2)  Imperfectly  fomented,    applied  to  oread. 

Somerset. 
CLITCH.   To  stick  ;  to  adhere ;  to  become  thick, 

or  glutinous.   Devon. 
CLIT-CLAT.    A  great  talker.   North. 
CLITE.  (1)  Clay  ;  mire.  Kent. 

(2)  Goose-grass.   Gerard  marks  this  as  obsolete, 
but  it  is  in  use  in  Oxfordshire  at  the  pre- 
sent day. 

(3)  A  wedge.   Pr.  Parv. 
CLITER.  To  stumble.   North. 
CLITHE.   The  burdock.  Gerard. 
CLITHEREN.   Goose-grass.    Gerard. 
CLITPOLL.   A  curly  head.   Dorset. 
GLITTER-CLATTER.  A  great  noise.  Var .  dial 

"I   clytter,  I  make  noyse  as  harnesse  or 

peuter  dysshes  or  any  suche  lyke  thynges," 

Palsgrave. 
GLITTERY.  Changeable,  stormy,  applied  to  the 

weather.   Hants. 

CLITTY.   Stringy ;  lumpy,    West. 
CLIVE.  (1)  To  cleave.   Suffolk. 
(2)  A  cliff.  (A.-S.) 
C1IVER.  (1)  Goosegrass.  Hants. 

(2)  A  chopping-knife.  East. 

(3)  Cliver-and-shiver,  i.  e.  completely,  totally, 
Somerset. 

CLIVERS.  The  refuse  of  wheat.    East. 
CLIZE.    A  covered  drain.    Somerset. 
CLOAM.  Earthenware.    Devon.   See  Clobery's 

Divine  Glimpses,  1659,  p.  95.  Clomer,  a  maker 

of  earthenware,  ib.  p.  33. 
CLOB.   Some  rough  material  used  for  building 

cottages.  Devon. 
CLOBB.    A  club.   Eglamour,  308.  Clobe-lome 

club-weapon,  Perceval,  2053. 
CLOCHE.    To  break  into  a  blister.  (A.-N.) 
So  a  canker  uncleiie  hitcfocAedtogedres. 

MS.  Laud.  656,  f.  1, 

CLOCHER.  (1)  A  large  cape  or  mantle.    "  The 

greet  clocher  up  for  to  bere,"  Lydgate's  Minor 

Poems,  p.  201. 

(2)  A  belfry.    Pr.  Parv. 

CLOCK.  (I)  The  noise  made  by  a  hen  when 

going  to  sit. 

Lcef  henne  wen  ho  leith, 
Looth  wen  ho  clok  seith. 

MS.  Cott.  Faust.  B.  vi.  f.  91. 

(2)  The  downy  head  of  the  dandelion  in  seed. 
North. 

(3)  A  beetle.  North. 

(4)  A  bell.    (^..JV.) 

(5)  A  watch.    In  common  use  with  writers  of 
the  sixteenth  century. 

(6)  A  kind  of  ornamental  work  worn  on  various 
parts  of  dress,  now  applied  exclusively  to  that 
on  each  side  of  a  stocking.  Palsgrave  has, 
"  clocke  of  a  hose,"  without  the  corresponding 
French. 

(7)  A  cloak.  Robin  Hood,  i.  98. 
CLOCK-DRESSING.     A  mode  of  obtaining 

liquor  on  fictitious  pretences.    Craven. 
CLOCK- SEAVES.  The  black-headed  bog-rush. 

North. 
CLOD.  (1)  To  clothe.  East. 


2)  To  throw.    North. 
Clodded ;  hard.    A.-S.) 

(4)  A  species  of  coal.    West. 

(5)  The  coarse  part  of  the  neck  of  an  ox.     See 
Ord.  and  Regulations,  pp.  288,  296. 

(6)  To  break  clods.    See  Harrison's  England,  p. 
233.    Palsgrave  has  it  in  the  opposite  sensey 
to  form  into  clods. 

CLODDER.    To  coagulate.    Palsgrave. 

CLODDY.  Thick  ;  plump.    Wilts. 

CLODE.   To  clothe.   (A.-S.) 

And  sche  made  Hercules  so  nice 
Upon  hire  love,  and  so  assote, 
That  he  him  clodeth  in  hire  cote, 
And  sche  in  his  was  clothid  ofte. 

Gower,  MS.  Soc.  Antiq.  134,  f.  7& 

CLODGE.    A  lump  of  clay.   Kent. 

CLODGER.  The  cover  of  a  book.  East. 
"  Closere"  occurs  in  the  Prompt.  Parv.  p.  83, 
in  the  same  sense. 

CLODGY.  Close  made;  plump.  Hants. 

CLOD-HEAD.  A  stupid  fellow.   North. 

CLOD-HOPPER.    A  farmer's  labourer. 

CLOD-MALL.  A  wooden  hammer  used  for 
breaking  clods.  Salop. 

CLODYS.    Clothes.    (A.-S.} 

CLOFFEY.    A  great  sloven.    North. 

CLOFFING.    The  plant  hellebore. 

CLOFT.  The  jointure  of  two  branches,  or  of  a 
branch  with  the  trunk.  North. 

CLOFYD.    Cleft;  split.    (A.-S.} 

CLOG.  (1)  To  pickle,  or  prepare  wheat  for  sow- 
ing. West. 

(2)  A  sort  of  shoe,  the  upper  part  of  strong  hide 
leather,  and  the  sole  of  wood.    See  Towneley 
Mysteries,  p.  313. 

(3)  Any  piece  of  wood  fastened  to  a  string  for 
husbandry  purposes. 

(4)  An  ancient  sort  of  almanac  formerly  used  in 
Sweden  and  Denmark,  made  with  notches  and 
rude  figures  upon  square  sticks,  still  in  use 
among  the  meaner  sort  of  people  in  Stafford- 
shire.   Kennett,  MS.  Lansd.  1033. 

CLOGGY.     Sticky.     Var.  dial. 

CLOGSOME.     Deep;  dirty;  adhesive.    Also, 

heavy,  dull,  tiresome.     Var.  dial. 
CLOGUE.    To  flatter.    Sussex. 
CLOG- WHEAT.    Bearded  wheat.    East. 
CLOINTER.     To  tread  heavily.    North. 
CLOISTER-GARTH.     The  area  inclosed  by  a 

cloister.  Davies's  Ancient  Rites,  pp.  114, 117. 

Any  inclpsure  was   called  a  cloister.     See 

Chaucer,  Cant.  T.  15511. 
CLOIT.    A  clown  or  stupid  fellow.     North. 
CLOKARDE.  A  musical  instrument  mentioned 

in  the  Squyr  of  Lowe  Degre,  1071. 
CLOKE.    A  claw,  or  clutch.    See  Towneley 

Myst.  p.  324 ;  Skeltou,  i.  287. 
JLOKKE.  To  clog,  or  hobble  in  walking.  (A.-N.) 
CLOM.    To  clutch.    North. 
CLOMBE.    Climbed.     (A.-S.}     Ctfowfow,  they 

climbed,  Tundate,  p.  67.    Cf.  Rob.  Glouc.  p. 

410.     dome,  climbed,  Drayton's  Poems,  p. 

239. 
JLOME.    To  gutter,  as  a  candle.     North. 


CLO 


257 


CLO 


CLOMER.    See  Cloam. 

CLOMP.    To  clump,  or  walk  heavily.    North. 

Hence  complerton,  one  who  walks  heavily. 
CLOMSEN.    To  shrink  or  contract.     (A.-N.} 
CLONGYN.     Shrunk ;  shrivelled. 

I  may  wofully  wepe  and  wake 
In  clay  tylle  I  be  dongyn  cold. 

MS.  Hart.  2252,  f.  97- 
&LONKER.    An  icicle.     Somerset 
CLOOM.    Clay  or  cement.    Kennett. 
CLOOR.    A  sluice.    Northumb. 
CLOOTH.     Cloth.    (A.-S.) 
CLOOVIS.     Gloves;  gauntlets. 
CLOPE.     A  blow.     (Germ.} 
CLOPLEYNTE.    A  complaint.     (A.-N.} 
So  as  je  tolden  here  above 
Of  murmur  and  dopleynte  of  love. 

Gower,  MS.  Soc.  Antiq.  134,  f.  47. 

CHOPPING.    Lame ;  limping.    Gorwo. 
CLOSE.  (1)  An  obscure  lane.     North. 

(2)  Clothes.    Towneley  Myst.  p.  46. 

(3)  A  farm-yard ;  an  enclosure  of  any  kind. 
far.  dial 

(4)  A  public  walk.    /.  Wight. 

(5)  Secret ;  selfish,    Var.  dial 

(6)  To  enclose, or  fix  minerals  in  metal.  Palsgrave. 
CLOSE-BED.  A  press-bed.    North. 
CLOSEDEN.    Enclosed.    Ritson. 
CLOSE-FIGHTS.     Things  which  are  used  to 

shelter  or  conceal  the  men  from  an  enemy  in 
time  of  action. 

CLOSE-FISTED.     Stingy ;  mean.    T'ar.  dial 

CLOSE-GAUNTLET.  A  gauntlet  with  move- 
able  fingers.  Meyrick,  ii.  258. 

CLOSE-HAND-OUT.  Apparently  a  game  of 
guessing  for  money  held  in  the  hand.  See 
Kempe's  Loseley  Manuscripts,  p.  113. 

CLOSER.  An  enclosure.  (A.-N.)  Palsgrave 
and  Tusser  have  closyer  and  closier. 

CLOSH.  (1)  A  Dutchman.    South. 

(2)  The  game  of  ninepins.  It  was  prohibited 
by  Edward  IV.  and  Henry  VIII.  See  Strutt, 
p.  271;  Collier's  Hist.  Dram.  Poet  i.  36; 
Hooper's  Early  Writings,  p.  393  ;  Arch.  xxvi. 
277. 

CLOSURE.  (1)  A  clencher.    /.  Wight. 

(2)  An  enclosure.    See  Holinshed,  Hist.  Eng- 
land, i.  146. 

(3)  A  gutter.    North. 
CLOT.  (1)  Sameasc/o<2(6). 

(2)  A  clod.    North.    "  No  clot  in  clay,"  Leg. 
Cathol.  p.  2.    See  Black's  Pen.  Psalms,  p.  52 ; 
Tundale,  p.  115.  A  lump,  Harrison's  England, 
p.  215. 

(3)  To  clog.    Topsell's  Beasts,  p.  271. 

(4)  To  toss  about.    North. 
CLOTCH.    To  tread  heavily.    East. 
CLOTE.  (1)  The  yellow  waterlily.    Chaucer  has 

dote  lefe,  16045,  explained  the  leaf  of  the 
burdock,  although  the  present  meaning  best 
suits  the  context.  See  Gerard,  p.  674,  D. 
Lioten,  Walter  de  Bibblesworth,  MS.  Arundel, 
220. 

(2)  A  wedge.    Pr.  Par. 
CLOTTRED.    Clotted.    (A.-S.} 
CLOTH.    Arras.    Middleton,  i.  445. 


CLOTHE.    The  bed-clothes.    Perceval,  1934. 
CLOT-HEAD.    A  blockhead.     Var.  dial 
CLOTH-OF-ESTATE.  A  canopy  suspended  ovei 

the  place  where  the  principal  personages  sat. 

See  Warner's  Antiq.  Culin.  p.  99 ;  Rutland 

Papers,  p.  8 ;  Eliz.  of  York,  p.  66. 
CLOTTER.    A  clothier.     Weber. 
CLOTTING.    A  method  of  catching  eels  with 

worsted  thread.    West. 
CLOUCH.    To  snatch  or  clutch.    Line.    The 

substantive  occurs  in  Piers  Ploughman,  and  in 

Topsell's  Beasts,  p.  269. 
CLOUD-BERRY.  The  ground  mulberry.  North. 

From  cloud,  a  hill.     Staff. 
CLOUDE.    A  clod.    Ritson. 
CLOUE.    A  fruit  or  berry.    (A.-N.) 
CLOUGH.  (1)  A  ravine,  or  narow  glen.    "  Into 

a  grisly  clough,"  Sir  Tristrem,  p.  225.     It 

means  a  cliff  in  MS.  Morte  Arthure,  f.  63. 

(2)  The  body  of  a  tree,  or  where  the  main  stem 
divides  into  branches.   Cumb. 

(3)  A  wood.   Lane. 

CLOUGHY.  Gaudily  dressed.  North. 
CLOUNGE.  Shrunk ;  shrivelled.  Elyot. 
CLOUR.  (1)  A  lump,  or  swelling,    h'orth. 
(2)  Hollow  ground,  or  a  field.  (A.-N.)  "  Bareyn 

clowris"  Lydgate's  Minor  Poems,  p.  166. 
CLOUT.  (1)  A  blow.     Var.  dial    See  Richard 

Goer  de  Lion,  768 ;  Cov.  Myst.  p.  98 ;  Sir 

Isumbras,  619.     Also  a  verb. 

(2)  "  A  Plimouth  clout,  i.  e.  a  cane  or  staff," 
MS.  Sloaue  1946,  f.  19. 

(3)  A  piece  or  fragment.  (A.-S.) 

(4)  To  mend,  or  patch.    Var.  dial 


(5)  The  mark  fixed  in  the  centre  of  the  butts  at 

which  archers  shot  for  practice.   Nares. 
CLOUTER.  To  do  dirty  work.  North.  Clowter, 

a  cobbler,  Prompt.  Parv. 
CLOUTERLY.     Clumsy ;  awkward.     North. 
CLOUT-NAILS.      Nails  used  for  fixing  clouts, 

or  small  patches  of  iron  or  wood. 
CLOVE.  Eight  pounds  of  cheese. 
CLOVEL.    A  large  beam,  extending  across  the 

chimney  in  farm-houses.    Devon. 
CLOVER-LAY.      A  field  of   clover  recently 

mown.    Hants. 

CLOVE-TONGUE.  The  black  hellebore. 
CLOW.  (1)  A  floodgate.  North.    See  Dugdale's 

History  of  Imbanking,  1662,  p.  276. 
(2)  To  scratch.    Cumb. 
'3)  The  clove-pink.   East. 
'4)  To  work  hard.   North. 

To  nail  with  clouts.    West. 
!6)  A  rock.  (A.-S.) 

These  caitif  Jewes  dud  not  so  now 
Sendehim  to  seche  in  clif  and  cloto. 

Cursor  Mundi,  MS.  Coll.  Trin.  Cantab,  f.  106, 

CLOWCHYNE.  A  clew  of  thread.  Pr.  Parv. 
CLOWCLAGGED.      "Thur  yowes  are  clow- 

claffg'd,  they   skitter  faire,"    Yorksh.  Dial. 

p.  43. 

CLOWDER.  To  daub.  Line. 
CLOWDYS.  Clods.   Cov,  Myst.  p,  402. 
CLO  WEN.  (I)  To  bustle  about.  Cumb. 
(2)  Cleaved  j  cut  down.    Weber.  ' 

17 


CLU 


258 


CNO 


CI OWK.  To  scratch.   North. 
CLOWSOME.   Soft ;  clammy.  North. 
CLOWT-CLOWT.    "  A  kinde  of  playe  called 

clowt  clowt,  to  beare  about,  or  my  hen  hath 

layd,"  Nomenclator,  p.  299. 
CLOY.  To  prick  in  shoeing  a  horse.  See  Accloyd; 

Lambarde's  Perambulation,    1596,    p.   511. 

Also,  to  nail  or  spike  up,  as  artillery. 
CLOYER.  A  person  who  intruded  on  the  profits 

of  young  sharpers  by  claiming  a  share.   An  old 

cant  term.  Cloyners,  Bale's  Kynge  Johan,  p.  69, 
CLOYS  SE.   Clothes.   Towneky  Myst. 
CLOZZONS.    Talons ;  clutches.   North. 
CLUB-BALL.    A  game  at  ball,  played  with  a 

straight  club.  Strutt,  p.  104. 
CLUBBE-WEED.    Matfelon.    Arch.  xxx.  405. 
CLUBBEY.    A  kind  of  game,  something  like 

doddart. 
CLUBBISHLY.    Roughly.    Hall,  Henry  VIII. 

f.  140. 

CLUBID.    Hard  5  difficult.     Rel.  Ant.  i.  8. 
CLUB-LAW.    Equal  division.    Kcnnett. 
CLUB-MEN.    An  irregular  force  of  armed  men 

who  rose  in  the  West  of  England  in  1645, 

about  the  time  of  the  battle  of  Naseby.    See 

Wright's  Pol.  Ballads,  p.  2. 
CLUBS.    An  old  cry  in  any  public  affray.    It 

was  the  popular  cry  to  call  forth  the  London 

prentices. 
CLUBSTER.    A  stoat.    North.    Also  called  a 

clubtail. 
CLUCCHE.     To  clutch,  or  hold.    (A.-S.}     See 

Piers  Ploughman,  p.  359  ;  Reliq.  Antiq.  ii.  211. 
CLUCK.    Slightly  unwell.    South. 
CLUB-NUT.  Two  nuts  grown  into  one.  North. 
CLUFF.    To  strike  ;  to  cuff.    North. 
CLUKES.    Clutches.    North. 
CLULINGS.   The  clew-lines  of  a  vessel. 
CLUM.  (1)  Daubed.    Yortoh. 

(2)  Climbed.     North. 

(3)  To  handle  roughly.    West. 

(4)  To  rake  into  heaps.    Devon. 
GLUME-BUZZ  A.    An  earthen  pan.    Devon. 
CLUMMERSOME.  Dirty ;  sluttish.   Devon. 
CLUMP.  (1)  To  tramp.    Var.  dial. 

(2)  A  lump,  or  mass.    North. 

(3)  Idle ;  lazy.    Line. 

CLUMPER.    A  large  piece.    Somerset. 
CLUMPERS.    Thick,  heavy  shoes.    East. 
CLUMPISH.    Awkward;  unwieldy.    North. 
CLUMPS.  (1)  Twilight.    East. 

(2)  Idle;  lazy;  clownish.    Also  plain-dealing, 
honest.    North. 

(3)  Benumbed  with  cold.   North.  Cotgrave  has 
this  word,  in  v.  Entomli. 

CLUMPY.  (1)  A  dunce.    South. 

(2)  Aggregated ;  adhered.    Devon. 

CLUNCH.  (1)   Close-grained  hard  limestone. 

Also   close,  applied  to  the  temper,  or  the 

weather.    North. 

(2)  A  thump,  or  blow.    East. 

(3)  A  clod-hopper.    North.    Cotgrave  has  this 
word,  in  v.  Taitte-bacontEscogrifffe. 

CLUNCHY,    Thick,  and  clumsy.    East. 


CLUNG.  (1)  Shrivelled ;  shrunk.    "  Hee  is  dung 
or  hide-bound,"  Hollyband,  1593. 

(2)  Heavy ;  doughy.    Var.  dial. 

(3)  Empty ;  emaciated.    Craven. 

(4)  Daubed.    Craven. 

(5)  Tough ;  dry.    East. 

(6)  Soft ;  flabby ;  relaxed.    Norf. 

(7)  Strong.    Berks. 

CLUNGE.    To  crowd,  or  squeeze.    South. 
CLUNGED.    Stopped.    Craven. 
CLUNGY.    Adhesive.    North. 
CLUNK.    To  swallow.    Devon. 
CLUNTER.  (1)  To  walk  clumsily.   NortJi. 

(2)  A  clod  of  earth.   North. 

(3)  To  turn  lumpy,  as  some  tilings  do  in  boiling. 
Yorfcsh. 

CLUNTERLY.   Clumsy.  Craven. 
CLUPPE.  To  embrace.  Rob.Glouc.  p.  14.  ' 
CLUSE.  (1)  A  cell.  (Lat.) 
(2)  A  flood-gate.   North. 
CLUSSOMED.   Benumbed.    Chesh. 
CLUSSUM.   Clumsy.    Chesh. 
CLUSTERE.    To  harden.   (A.-N.) 
CLUSTERFIST.  A  clodhopper.     See  Cotgrave, 

in  v.  Casois,  Escogriffe,  Lourdaut. 
GLUT.   To  strike  a  blow.  North. 
CLUTCH.  (1)  Close.  Sussex. 

(2)  To  cluck.  South. 

(3)  A  fist.  Var.  dial.  Clutch-fist,  a  very  large  fist. 

(4)  A  covey  of  partridges.     Also,  a  brood  of 
chickens.  East. 

(5)  To  seize ;  to  grasp.   Shafc. 
CLUTE.   A  hoof.   North. 
CLUTHER.  (1)  In  heaps.   North. 
(2)  A  great  noise.   Kent. 
GLUTS.  Wedges.   North. 
CLUTT.  AsmaUcloth.  (A.-S.) 

Th€  mytans  clutt  forgate  he  no?t. 

MS.  Cantab.  Ff.  v.  483  f.  51. 

CLUTTER.  (1)  A  bustle ;  confusion,  disorder. 
See  Cotton's  Works,  1734,  p.  13. 

(2)  "  Grumeau  de  sang,  a  clot,  or  clutter  of  con- 
gealed bloud,"  Cotgrave.   "  Cluttered  bloud," 
Holinshed,  Hist.  Engl.  p.  94. 

(3)  A  plough-coulter.  South. 
CLUTTER-FISTED.     Having  large  fists.    See 

Armin's  Nest  of  Ninnies,  p.  27. 
ILUTTERY.   Changeable.    Var.  dial. 
CLUUTTS.    Feet.     Cumb. 
!LY.   Goose-grass.    Somerset. 
ILYKYTH.  Noises  abroad. 

Then  fleyth  sche  forthe  and  bygynnyth  to  chydc, 
And  clyhyth  forthe  in  hure  langage, 
"Wat  falshode  ys  in  maryage. 

Cower,  MS.  Cantab.  Ff.  i.  6,  f.  2. 
:LYNE.  To  incline.   (A.-N.) 
1LYPPES.   An  eclipse.   Palsgrave. 
iLYTENISH.   Sickly ;  unhealthy.    Wilts 
:LYVEN.  Rocks.   KyngAlis.  5429. 
CNAFFE.  A  lad,  or  boy. 
"!NAG.   A  knot.  North. 
iNOBLE.   Knob ;  tuft.   Arch.  xxx.  405. 
INOPWORT.  The  ball-weed. 
WOUTBERRY.    The  dwarf-mulberry.    There 
is  a  tradition  in  Lancashire  that  King  Canute 


COA 


259 


COB 


or  Cnout  being  reduced  to  great  extremity  was 
preserved  by  eating  tbis  fruit. 
CNOWE.  To  know  or  recognize.    (A.-S.) 
He  was  so  beseyu  with  peyne  a  thro  we, 
That  his  frendes  coude  him  not  cnowe. 

MS.Addit.  11307,  f-69. 
CNYT.   Knit ;  tied.  (^.-£)    See  Wright's  Seven 

Sages,  p.  24. 
CO.  (1)  To  call.   North. 

(2)  The  neck.  (A.-N.)    "  Tbe  co,  la  chouue" 
W.  de  Bibblesworth,  Rel.  Ant.  ii.  78. 

(3)  Come!   Devon. 
COACH-FELLOW.     A  horse  employed  to  draw 

in  the  same  carriage  with  another.  Hence, 
metaphorically,  a  person  intimately  connected 
with  another,  generally  applied  to  people  in 
low  life.  Ben  Jon  son  has  coach-horse. 

COACH-HORSE.    A  dragon-fly.    East. 

COAD.     Unhealthy.    Exmoor. 

COADJUVATE.  A  coadjutor.  This  word  oc- 
curs in  the  Description  of  Love,  Svo.  1620. 

COAGULAT.    Curdled.     (Lot.) 

COAH.    Heart  or  pith.    North. 

COAJEB.    A  shoemaker.  Escmoor. 

COAKEN.  To  strain  in  vomiting. 

COAKS.   Cinders.    York&h. 

COAL-BRAND.   Smut  in  wheat. 

COAL-FIRE.  A  parcel  of  fire-wood  set  out  for 
sale  or  use,  containing  when  burnt  the  quan- 
tity of  a  load  of  coals, 

COAL-HARBOUR.  A  corruption  of  Cold  Har- 
bour, an  ancient  mansion  in  Dowgate  Ward, 
London,  frequently  alluded  to  by  old  writers. 

COAL-HOOD.  (1)  A  bullfinch.   West. 

(2)  A  wooden  coal-scuttle.   East. 
COAL-RAKE .   A  rake  used  for  raking  the  ashes 

of  a  fire  or  oven. 

COAL-SAY.  The  coal-fish.   North. 
COAL-SMUT.   A  fossil  or  efflorescence  found 

on  the  surface  of  coal. 
COALY.  (1)  A  lamplighter.  Newe. 

(3)  A  species  of  cur,  famous  for  its  sagacity. 
North. 

COALY-SHANGIE.   A  riot,  or  uproar.  North. 

COAME.  To  crack.   Googe. 

COANDER.  A  corner.  Exmoor. 

COAP,   A  fight.   North. 

COARSE.    Bad,  applied  to  the  weather.     Var. 

dial 

COARTE.  To  compel,  or  force.  SeeAshmole's 
Theat,  Chem.  Brit.  p.  276. 

Dyves  by  dethe  was  stray tely  coartid 
Of  his  lyf  to  mate  a  sodeyne  translacion. 

MS.  Laud.  416,  f.  101. 

COASAY.  A  causeway.  Tundale,  p.  33. 

COASH.  To  silence.  North. 

COAST.  To  approach,  or  pursue. 

COASTING.  A  courtship.  Shak. 

COAT.  (1)  The  hair  of  cattle,  or  wool  of  sheep. 

Var.  dial. 
(2)  A  petticoat.  Cumb.  Any  gown  was  formerly 

called  a  coat,  as  in  Thoms's  Anec.  and  Trad. 

p.  94. 
COAT-CARDS.    Court-cards,  and  tens.     See 

Arch.  viii.  150,  163 ;  Florio,  ed.  1611,  p.  £ 

DuBartas,  p,  593. 


COATE.  A  cottage.  NortJi.    Apparently  a/«r- 

nace  in  Leland's  Itin.  iv.  111. 
COATHE.  (1)  To  swoon,  or  faint.   Line. 
(2)  The  rot  in  sheep.  Somerset, 
COATHY.  (1)  To  throw.  Hants. 
(2)  Surly ;  easily  provoked.   Norf. 
COAT-OF-PLATE.    A  coat  of  mail  made  of 

several  pieces  of  metal  attached  to  each  other 

by  wires.   Meyrick. 
COB.  (1)  A  blow.    Var.  dial    Also  a  verb,  to 

strike  or  pull  the  ear,  or  hair. 

(2)  To  throw.   Derbysh. 

(3)  A  basket  for  seed.  North. 

(4)  Marl  mixed  with  straw,  used  for  walls.  West. 

(5)  A  leader,  or  chief.  Chesh.  To  cob,  to  outdo, 
or  excel. 

(6)  A  small  hay-stack.    Oxon. 

(7)  A  sea-gull.    Var.  dial. 

(8)  A  stone  or  kernel.    East.     Also  called  a 
collie. 

(9)  Clover-seed.  East. 

(10)  A  young  herring.    Florio  seems  to  make  it 
synonymous  with  the  miller's-thumb,   in  v. 
Bozzolo,  and  Grose  gives  cobbo  as  a  name  for 
that  fish. 

(11)  A  chuff,  or  miser ;  a  wealthy  person.    See 
the  State  Papers,  ii.  228,  and  Nash,  quoted  by 
Nares.  In  the  following  passage  it  seems  to 
mean  a  person  of  superior  rank  or  power. 

Susteynid  is  not  by  personis  lowe, 
But  cobbis  grete  this  riote  sustene. 

Occteve,  MS.  Soc.  Antiq.  134,  f.  267. 

(12)  A  Spanish  coin,  formerly  current  in  Ireland, 
worth  about  4s.  8d. 

(13)  A  lump,  or  piece,  Florio. 
COBBER.   A  great  falsehood.    North. 
COBBIN.    A  piece  or  slice  of  an  eel  or  any 

other  fish. 

COBBLE.  (1)  A  round  stone.  North.  "  Good 
colled  stonys,"  Torrent  of  Portugal,  p.  55. 
"Cobling  stones,"  Cotton's  Works,  1734, 
p.  330.  Round  coals  are  also  called  cobbles. 

(2)  To  hobble.    Var.  dial 

(3)  An  icicle.    Kent. 

(4)  Cobble-dick-longerskin,  a  land  of  apple  so 
called. 

(5)  Cobble-trees,  double  swingle  trees,  or  splin- 
ter bars.    North. 

COBBLER'S-MONDAY.  Any  Monday  through- 
out the  year.  North. 

COBBS.   Testiculi.   Nort7i. 

COBBY.  Brisk;  lively;  proud;  tyrannical; 
headstrong.  "  Cobby  and  crous,  as  a  new 
wash'd  louse."  North. 

COB-CASTLE.  A  satirical  name  for  any  build- 
ing which  overtops  those  around  it,  more  usu- 
ally applied  to  a  prison.  North. 

COB-COALS.   Large  pit-coals.  North. 

COB-IRONS.  Andirons.  Also,  the  irons  by 
which  the  spit  is  supported.  East. 

COB-JOE.  A  nut  at  the  end  of  a  string.  Derbysh. 

COBKEY.  A  punishment  by  bastinado  in. 
flicted  on  offenders  at  sea. 

My  L.  Foster,,  being  a  lytle  dronk,  went  up  tt» 
the  mayn-top  tofet  down  a  rebel,  and  twenty  at  the 


COG 


260 


COG 


Vast  after  hym,  wher  they  gave  hyra  a  cabTcey  upon 
the  cap  of  the  mayn-mast.  MS.  Addit.  5008. 

COBLE.  A  peculiar  kind  of  boat,  very  sharp  in 
the  bow,  and  flat-bottomed,  and  square  at  the 
stern,  navigated  with  a  lug-sail.  "  Fakene 
theire  coblez,"  MS.  Morte  Arthure,  f.  61. 

COBLER'S-DOOR.  In  sliding,  to  knock  at  the 
cobler's  door  is  to  skim  over  the  ice  with  one 
foot,  occasionally  giving  a  hard  knock  on  it 
with  the  other. 

COBLER'S-LOBSTER.    A  cow-heel.   Camb. 

COBLOAF.  A  crusty  uneven  loaf  with^a  round 
top  to  it.  Loaves  called  cobbs  are  still  made 
in  Oxfordshire.  See  Edwards's  Old  English 
Customs,  p.  25.  Aubrey  mentions  an  _old 
Christmas  game  called  cob-loaf-stealing. 
Shakespeare  seems  to  use  the  term  metapho- 
rically. "  A  cobloafe  or  bunne,"  Minsheu. 

COBNOBBLE.    To  beat.    Var.  dial 

COB-NUT.  A  game  which  consists  in  pitching 
at  a  row  of  nuts  piled  up  in  heaps  of  four, 
three  at  the  bottom  and  one  at  the  top  of  each 
heap.  All  the  nuts  knocked  down  are  the 
property  of  the  pitcher.  The  nut  used  for 
pitching  is  called  the  cob.  It  is  sometimes 
played  on  the  top  of  a  hat  with  two  nuts, 
when  one  tries  to  break  the  nut  of  the  other 
with  his  own,  or  with  two  rows  of  hazel  nuts 
strung  on  strings  through  holes  bored  in  the 
middle.  The  last  is  probably  the  more  modern 
game,  our  first  method  being  clearly  indicated 
by  Cotgrave,  in  v.  Chastelet,  "  the  childish 
game  cobnut,  or  (rather)  the  throwing  of  a 
ball  at  a  heape  of  nuts,  which  done,  the 
thrower  takes  as  many  as  he  hath  hit  or  scat- 
tered." It  is  also  alluded  to  in  Florio,  ed. 
1611,  pp.  88,  333;  Clarke's  Phraseojogia 
Puerilis,  1655,  p.  322. 

COB-POKE.  A  bag  carried  by  gleaners  for  re- 
ceiving the  cobs  or  broken  ears  of  wheat. 

COB-STONES.    Large  stones.  North. 

COB-SWAN.   A  very  large  swan.   Jonson. 

COB-WALL,  A  wall  composed  of  straw  and 
clay,  or  cob  (4). 

COBWEB.  Misty.  Norf.  Drayton  compares 
clouds  to  cobweb  lawn,  a  thin  transparent 
lawn. 

COCHEN.    The  kitchen.  (^.-S.) 

COCHOURE. 

He  makyth  me  to  swelle  both  flesshe  and  veyne, 
And  kepith  me  low  lyke  a  cochottre. 

MS,  Cantab.  Ff.  i.  6,  f.  46. 

COCK.  (1)  A  common  mode  of  vulgar  sa- 
lutation. 

(2)  The  needle  of  a  balance.     See  Cotgrave,  in 
v.  Languette. 

(3)  To  walk  lightly  or  nimbly  about,  applied  to  a 
child.    North. 

(4)  A  piece  of  iron  with  several  notches  fixed  at 
the  end  of  the  plough-beam,  by  which  the 
plough  is  regulated. 

(5)  A  cock-boat.     "Leape   into  the  coc&e" 
Hoffman,  1631,  sig.  C.  i. 

(6)  To  hold  up.    Lane.' 

(7)  To  contend  ?  See  Holinshed,  Chron.  Ireland, 
p.  90  j  "Wright's  Pol.  Songs,  p.  153.  i 


(8)  A  conical  heap  of  hay.  Also,  to  put  hay  into 
cocks,  Tusser,  p.  168. 

(9)  To   swagger  impudently.     Cocking,  Stani- 
hurst's  Descr.  of  Ireland,  p.  35. 

COCKAL.  A  game  played  with  four  huckle- 
bones.  See  MS.  Ashmole  786,  f.  162 ;  No- 
menclator,  p.  293. 

COCK-A-MEG.  Apiece  of  timber  fastened  on 
the  reeple  in  a  coal  mine  to  support  the  roof. 

COCK-AND-MWILE.    A  jail.   West. 

COCKAPERT.    Saucy.    Var.  dial 

COCK-APPAREL.  Great  pomp  or  pride  in  small 
matters.  Line.  Now  obsolete. 

COCKARD.   A  cockade. 

COCKATRICE.  A  familiar  name  for  a  courte- 
zan, very  commonly  used  in  our  early  drama- 
tists.  See  Heywood's  Royall  King,  1637, 
sig.  F.  i. ;  Peele's  Jests,  p.  18 ;  Tarlton's  Jests, 
p.  9. 

COCK-BOAT.  A  small  boat,  sometimes  one  that 
waits  upon  a  larger  vessel.  They  were  for- 
merly common  in  the  Thames,  and  used 
with  oars. 

COCK-BRAINED.  Fool-hardy;  wanton.  Pals- 
grave has  this  term,  and  it  also  occurs  in  the 
Two  Lancashire  Lovers,  1640,  p.  101. 

COCK-BRUMBLE.  Rubus fructicosus,  Lin. 

COCK-CHAFER.    A  May  bug.    Var.  dial. 

COCK-CHICK.  A  young  cock.   North. 

COCK-CROWN.   Poor  pottage.    North. 

COCKED.  Turned  up.  Var.  dial.  Metaphori- 
cally used  for  affronted. 

COCKEL-BREAD.  "Young  wenches,"  says 
Aubrey,  "  have  a  wanton  sport  which  they  call 
moulding  of  cockle-bread,  viz.  they  get  upon 
a  table-board,  and  then  gather  up  their  knees 
and  their  coates  with  their  hands  as  high  as 
they  can,  and  then  they  wabble  to  and  fro,  as 
if  they  were  kneading  of  dowgh,  &c."  See 
further  particulars  in  Thorns'  Anec.  and  Trad, 
p.  95.  I  question  whether  the  term  cockel- 
bread  was  originally  connected  with  this  in- 
delicate custom.  Cocille  mele  is  mentioned 
in  an  old  medical  receipt  in  MS.  Lincoln  A.  i. 
17,  f- 304. 

COCKER.  (1)  To  alter  fraudulently;  to  gloss 
over  anything.  South. 

(2)  To  indulge,  or  spoil.  Var.  dial.  This  is  a 
very  common  archaism.  "  So  kokered  us  nor 
made  us  so  wanton,"  More's  Supplycacyon  of 
Soulys,  sig.  L.  ii. 

'3)  To  crow,  or  boast.  North. 

*)  A  cock.fighter.  Var.  dial  See  Thoms's 
Anecdotes  and  Trad.  p.  47 ;  eoblcer,  Towneley 
Myst.  p.  242. 

(5;  To  rot.  Norf. 

COCKEREL.  A  young  cock.  See  Marlowe,  ii. 
44 ;  Cotgrave,  in  v.  Cochet,  Hestoudeau; 
Harrison's  Descr.  of  England,  p.  133. 

COCKERER.    A  wanton.    Cotgrave. 

COCKERS.  A  kind  of  rustic  high  shoes,  or  half- 
boots,  fastened  with  laces  or  buttons,  Old 
stockings  without  feet  are  also  so  called. 
North.  See  Percy's  Reliqnes,  p.  80 ;  Piers 
Ploughman,  pp,  120,  513.  Rims  of  iron  round 


coc 


wooden   shoes    are  called   cokers  in  Cum- 
berland. 

COCKET.  (1)  "  To  joyne  or  fasten  in  building, 
as  one  joyst  or  stone  is  cocketted  within  ano- 
ther,"  Thomasii  Diet.  1644. 

(2)  Swaggering ;  pert.   Coles.    Kennett  explains 
it,  brisk,  airy.    "  Not  too  loud  nor  cocket" 
Rape  of  Lucrece,  p.  44.    See  Cotgrave,  in  v. 
Herr. 

(3)  A  docquet.    Cotgrave. 

(4)  Cocket  bread  was  the  second  kind  of  best 
bread.    CoweL 

COCKEY.   A  common  sewer.   Norf. 

COCK-EYE.   A  squinting  eye.    Var.  dial. 

COCK-FEATHER.  The  feather  which  stood  up- 
on  the  arrow  when  it  was  rightly  placed  upon 
the  string,  perpendicularly  above  the  notch. 
Nares. 

COCK-GRASS.   Darnel.    Cambr. 

CQCK-HANNELL.   A  house-cock.   Huloet. 

COCKHEAD.  That  part  of  a  mill  which  is  fixed 
into  a  stave  of  the  ladder  on  which  the  hop- 
per rests. 

COCKHEADS.    Meadow  knobweed.   North. 

COCK-HEDGE.    A  quickset  hedge. 

COCK-HOOP.   A  bullfinch. 

COCK-HORSE.  To  ride  a  cock-horse,  to  pro- 
mise children  a  ride.  Harrison,  Descr.  of 
England,  p.  235,  uses  the  term  for  a  child's 
rocking-horse.  "  Cockhorse  peasantry,"  Mar- 
lowe, iii.  412,  upstarts.  See  Cotgrave,  in  v. 
Cheval.  In  some  places,  riding  a  cock-horse 
is  applied  to  two  persons  on  the  same  horse. 

COCKING.  Cockflghting.  North.  See  the 
Plumpton  Corr.  p.  251. 

COCKISH.  Wanton.   North. 

COCKLE.  (1)  Agrostemna  githago,  Lin.  Cf. 
Harrison's  Descr.  of  England,  p.  170.  Qucedam 
herba  qu&  vocaiur  vulgo  cokkylle,  MS.  Bib. 
Reg.  ]2B.i.f.30. 

And  as  the  cockille  with  hevenly  dew  so  dene 
Of  kynde  engendreth  white  perlis  rounde. 

Lydgate,  MS.  Sec.  Antiq.  134,  f,  3. 

(2)  To  cry  like  a  cock.    Cumb. 

(3)  To  wrinkle.   Var.  dial. 

(4)  A  stove  used  for  drying  hops.  Kent. 

(5)  To  "  cry  cockles,"  to  be  hanged. 

(6)  The  cockles  of  the  heart  ?     Grose  gives  a 
phrase  involving  this  term. 

COCKLEART.  Day-break.  Devon.  Sometimes 

called  cock-leet. 

COCKLED.   Enclosed  in  a  shell.    Shall. 
COCKLEil.  A  seller  of  cockles.   North. 
COCKLE-STAIRS.  Winding  stairs. 
COCKLETY.   Unsteady.   North. 
COCKLING.   Cheerful.  North. 
COCKLOCHE.  A  simple  fellow.  (#%) 
COCKLOFT.    A  garret.    Hence  a  burlesque 

phrase  for  the  scull. 
COCKMARALL.    A  little  fussy  person.    Line. 

"  Cockmedainty,"  in  Brockett,  p.  75. 
COCKMATE.   A  companion.   Lilly. 
COCKNEY.  A  spoilt  or  effeminate  boy.    "Puer 

in  deliciis  matris  nutritus,  Anglice  zkokenay" 

MS,  Bibl.  Reg.  12  B.  i.  f.  14.   "  Cockeney, 


261  COC 

acersa,  vineohts,"  IMoet,  1552.  Forby  has 
cock-farthing  in  a  similar  sense,  a  term  of  en- 
dearment used  to  a  little  boy.  "  To  be  dan- 
dlyd  any  longer  uppon  his  father's  knee,  or 
to  be  any  longer  taken  for  his  father's  cockney, 
or  minyon,  or  darlyng,"  Palsgrave's  Aco 
lastus,  1540.  The  veracious  Tusser  says,  p. 
276,  "  some  cockneys  with  cocking  are  made 
very  fools;"  and  according  to  Dekker,  Knight's 
Conjuring,  p.  29,  the  term  is  derived  from  the 
cockering  or  indulgent  mothers.  A  cockney 
was  also  a  person  who  sold  fruit  and  greens, 
qui  vendit  collibia,  Prompt.  Parv.  p.  281. 
Dicitur  etiam  collibista  qui  vendit  cottibia, 
Joan,  de  Janua.  The  word  is  also  stated  to 
signify  a  little  cook,  but  I  find  no  certain  au- 
thority for  such  an  interpretation.  It  was 
frequently  used  as  a  term  of  contempt,  as  in 
Chaucer,  Cant.  T.  4206 ;  Hall's  Poems,  1646, 
repr.  p.  28  ;  Twelfth  Night,  iv.  1.  Some  writers 
trace  the  term  with  much  probability  to  the 
imaginary  land  of  Cokaygne,  so  curiously  de- 
scribed in  the  well-known  poem  printed  by 
Hickes.  Florio  has,  "  Cocugna,  as  Cucagna, 
lubbarlandj"  and  a  ballad  in  the  Roxburgh  e 
collection  is  entitled,  "  An  Invitation  to  Lub- 
berland,  the  land  of  Cocaigne."  See  Cata- 
logue of  B.  H.  Bright's  Library,  1845,  p.  26. 
To  these  the  lines  quoted  by  Cainden,  in  \v  hich 
the  "  King  of  Cockeney"  is  mentioned,  afford 
a  connecting  link,  and  the  modern  meaning  of 
cockney,  one  born  in  Cockaigne,  or  Lubber- 
land,  a  burlesque  name  for  London,  seems  to 
be  clearly  deduced.  The  King  of  the  Cockneys 
was  a  character  in  the  Christmas  festivities  at 
Lincoln's  Inn  in  1517,  Brand's  Pop.  Antiq.  i. 
295  ;  and  Fuller  tells  us  that  a  person  who  was 
absolutely  ignorant  of  rural  matters  was  called 
a  cockney,  which  is  most  probably  the  mean- 
ing of  the  term  in  Lear,  ii.  4,  aud  is  still  re- 
tained. What  Bow-bells  have  to  do  with  it  is 
another  question.  In  the  London  Prodigal, 
p.  15,  a  country  fellow  says  to  another,  "  A  and 
well  sed  coc&nell,  and  boe-bell  too."  See  also 
Beaumont  and  Fletcher,  iv.  186,  "  Bow-bell 
suckers,"  jL  e.  sucking  children  born  within 
the  sound  of  Bow-bell. — But  a  coabnellis  pro- 
perly a  young  cock,  as  appears  from  Holly 
baud's  Bictionarie,  1593 ;  which  also  seems 
to  be  the  meaning  of  cokeney  in  Piers  Plough- 
man, p.  134,  and,  as  Mr.  Wright  remarks,  in 
Heywood's  Proverbs,  but  a  lean  chicken  was 
so  called,  as  appears  from  a  passage  quoted  in 
Malone's  Shakespeare,  x.  117.  Florio  men- 
tions cocJcanegs  iii  v.  Caccherelli,  a*nd  cock- 
ney's-eggs  may  not  be  therefore  so  great  an 
absurdity  as  is  commonly  supposed.  la  Devon- 
shire cockernony  is  the  name  of  a  small  cock's 
egg,  which  if  hatched  is  said  to  produce  a 
cockatrice  or  something  exceedingly  noxious. 
A  cock's  egg,  according  to  Forby,  is  an  abor- 
tive egg  without  a  yolk.  The  absurd  tale  of 
the  cock  neighing >  related  by  Minsheu  and  tra- 
ditionally remembered,  may  deserve  a  passing 
notice, 


COD 


262 


coa 


A  young  heytc,  or  cockney,  that  is  his  mothers 
darling,  if  liee  have  playde  the  waste-good  at  the 
limes  of  the  court,  OT  about  London,  falles  in  a 
quarrelling  humor  with  his  fortune,  because  she 
made  him  not  king  of  the  Indies. 

Nash's  Pierce  Penihsse,  1592. 

COCK-0-MY-THUMB.  A  little  diminutive  per- 
son. North.  , 
COCK-PENNY.  A  customary  present  made  to 
the  schoolmaster  at  Shrovetide  by  the  boys,  in 
some  of  the  schools  in  the  North,  as  an  in- 
crease of  salary.  See  Brockett,  and  Carlisle  on 
Charities,  p.  272. 

COCK-PIT.  The  pit  of  a  theatre.  Also,  a  place 
used  for  cock-fighting. 

COCK  QUEAN.    A  beggar  or  cheat.    (Fr.) 

COCK-ROACH.  A  black-beetle.  "West. 

COCKS.  (1)  Cockles.   Devon. 

(2)  A  puerile  game  with  the  tough  tufted  stems 
of  the  ribwort  plantain.  One  holds  a  stem,  and 
the  other  strikes  on  it  with  another. 

COCK'S-FOOT.   Columbine.   Gerard. 

COCK'S-HEADLING.  A  game  where  boys 
mount  over  each  other's  heads. 

COCKS'-HEADS.    Seeds  of  rib-grass. 

COCKSHUT.  A  large  net,  suspended  between 
two  poles,  employed  to  catch,  or  shut  in, 
woodcocks,  and  used  chiefly  in  the  twilight. 
Hence  perhaps  it  came  to  be  used  for  twilight, 
but  Kennett  says,  "when  the  woodcocks  shoot 
or  take  their  flight  in  woods."  Florio  has  the 
latter  sense  exclusively  in  p.  79,  ed.  1611. 

COCK'S-NECKLING.  To  come  down  cock's 
neckling,  i.  e.  head  foremost.  Wilts. 

COCKSPUR.  A  small  shell-fish.  See  Brome's 
Travels,  ed.  1700,  p.  275. 

COCK-SQUOILING.  Throwing  at  cocks  with 
sticks,  which  are  generally  loaded  with  lead. 
West.  Sir  Thomas  More  calls  the  stick  a 
cockstele. 

COCKSURE.     Quite  certain.     Var.  dial 

COCKWARD.    A  cuckold. 

COCKWEB.    A  cob-web.     North. 

COCK-WEED.     Same  as  cockle  (1). 

COCKY.     Pert ;  saucy.     Var.  dial. 

COCKYBABY.    The  arum.    /.  Wight. 

COCKYGEE.    A  rough  sour  apple.     West. 

COCOWORT.    The  shepherd's-purse,  lot. 

COCTYN.     Scarlet,  or  crimson.    Bauer. 

COCUS.    Cooks.     (A.-N.} 

COD.  (1)  A  pillow  or  cushion.    North.     See 
Towneley  Mysteries,  p.  84. 
Faire  coddis  of  silke 
Chalked  whyte  als  the  raylke. 

MS.  Lincoln  A.  1. 17,  f.  13G. 

(2)  A  bag.    (A.-S.)    In  Elizabeth's  time  the 
little  bag  or  purse  used  for  perfumes  was  so 
called. 

(3)  The  neck  of  a  net,  the  bag  at  the  end  in 
which  it  is  usual  to  place  a  stone  to  sink  It. 

(4)  A  pod.   See  Ray's  Diet  Tril.  p.  7  ;  Cotgrave, 
in  v.  Ers,  Goussu;  Becon,  p.  450. 

(5)  A  large  seed-basket.     Oxon, 
COD.BAIT.     The  caddis  worm.     North. 
COD-BERB.    A  pillow-case. 

C ODDER.    A  pea-gatherer.    Midos. 


IODDLE.  To  indulge  or  spoil  with  warmth. 
Also  to  parboil,  as  in  Men  Miracles,  1656,  p. 
43.  To  coddle-up,  to  recruit. 

CODDY.    Small ;  very  little.    North. 

CODE.  Cobbler's  wax.  "  Bepayntyd  with  sow- 
ter  code"  Digby  Myst.  p.  35. 

CODGER.  An  eccentric  old  person ;  a  miser. 
Codger' s-end,  the  end  of  a  shoemaker's  thread. 
Codgery,  any  strange  mixture  or  composition. 

COD-GLOVE.  A  thick  hedge-glove,  without 
fingers.  Devon. 

CODINAC.    A  kind  of  conserve. 

CODLINGS.    Green  peas, 

CODLINS.    Limestones  partially  burnt.  North. 

CODPIECE.  An  artificial  protuberance  to  the 
breeches,  well  explained  by  its  name,  and 
often  used  as  a  pincushion !  Also  spelt  cod- 
piss.  See  Howel,  sect,  xxxiii. ;  Dekker's 
Knights  Conjuring,  p.  36  ;  Thynne's  Debate, 
p.  64  ;  Cotgrave,  mv.JSsgwllette;  Middleton, 
iii.  81.  The  same  name  was  given  to  a  similar 
article  worn  by  women  about  the  breast. 

CODS.    Bellows.     North. 

CODS-HEAD.    A  foolish  fellow.     North. 

CODULLE.     A  cuttle-fish.    Pr.  Parv. 

COD-WARE.    Pulse.    Tusser,  p.  37. 

COE.  (1)  An  odd  old  fellow.    Norf. 

(2)  A  small  house  near  a  mine,  used  by  the  work- 
men. North. 

COF.     Quickly.     (//.-A) 

Forth  a  wente  he  the  strem, 
Til  a  com  to  Jurisalem • 
To  the  patriark  a  wente  cof, 
And  al  his  lif  he  him  schrof. 

Benes  ofHamtmin,  p.  77« 

COFE.    A  cavern,  or  cave.    (A.-S.) 

COFERER.    A  chest-maker. 

COFF.    To  chop,  or  change.     Oxon. 

COFFE.    A  cuff.    (^.-£) 

COFFIN.    The  raised  crust  of  a  pie.    Also  a 

conical  paper  for  holding  spices,  &c.  or  a 

basket  or  chest.     See  Florio,  pp.  107,  473; 

Warner's  Antiq.  Culin.  p.  65  ;  Ord.  and  Beg. 

p.  442 ;  Nomenclator,  p.  259 ;  Langtoft,  p. 

135  ;  Prompt.  Parv.  p.  128 ;  Wickliife's  New 

Test.  p.  18. 
COFRE.    A  chest.    (J.-N.}    Cofrene,  to  place 

in  a  coffer. 

CO  FT.    Bought.    Northumb, 
COFYN.    The  shell,  or  rind. 
COG.  (1)  To  entice.    Sussex. 
(2)  To  suit  or  agree.    East. 
(3J  The  short  handle  of  a  scythe. 

(4)  A  wooden  dish,  or  paiL    North. 

(5)  To  He  or  cheat.    Also,  to  load  a  die.    "  To 
oogge  a  dye,"  Cotgrave,  in  v.  Casser. 

COG-BELLS.    Icicles.   Kent. 
COGER.    A  luncheon.    South. 
COGFOIST.    A  cheat,  or  sharper. 
COGGE.    A  cock-boat.   (A.-S.) 

Than  he  coveres  his  cagge,  and  caches  one  anKere. 
Morte  Arthurs,  MS.  Lincoln,  f.  91 
COGGERIE.    Falsehood;  cheating. 
GOGGLE.  (1)  To  be  shaky.    Var.  dial 

(2)  A  cock-boat.    North. 

(3)  A  small  round  stone.    Line. 


COK 


263 


COL 


(4)  To  harrow.    North. 

COGHEN.    To  cough.    (A.-S.) 

COGMEN,    Dealers  in  coarse  cloth. 

COGNITION.   Knowledge ;  information.  (Lat,) 

COG- WARE.    A  kind  of  worsted  cloth. 

COHIBITOIL   Ahinderer.    Hall 

COHORTED.    Incited ;  exhorted. 

COHWE.    To  cough.     (A.-S.) 

COIGNE.  The  corner  stone  at  the  external 
angle  of  a  "building.  (A.-N.)  "  farsura  is 
also  the  coygne  or  corner  of  an  house  or  walle 
wherat  men  dooe  turne,"  Elyot. 

COIL.  (1)  A  hen-coop.    North. 

(2}  A  tumult,  or  bustle. 

(3)  A  lump,  or  swelling.    North. 

(4)  To  beat,  or  thrash. 

COILE.  To  choose,  or  select.  (A.-N.}  Also, 
to  strain  through  a  cloth. 

COILERS.  That  part  of  a  cart-horse's  harness 
which  is  put  over  Ms  rump  and  round  his 
haunches  to  hold  back  the  cart  when  going 
down-hill. 

COILET.    A  stallion.    (A.-N.} 

COILONS.    Testiculi.     (A.-N.) 

COILTH.    A  hen-coop.    North. 

COINDOM.    A  kingdom.    (A.-N.) 

COINE.    A  quince.     (A.-N.) 

COINTE.  Neat ;  trim ;  curious ;  quaint ;  cun- 
ning. (A.-N.) 

COINTESE.    A  stratagem.     (A.-N.) 

COISE.  Chief ;  master.  Cumb.  "Coisy,"  ex- 
cellent, choice,  Hartshorne's  Met.  Tales,  p.  11 8. 

COISTERED.    Inconvenienced.    (Fr.) 

COISTREL,  An  inferior  groom.  See  Holin- 
shed,  Hist.  Scotland,  pp.  89,  127.  Originally, 
one  who  carried  the  arms  of  a  knight. 

COISTY.    Dainty.    North. 

COIT.  (1)  To  toss  the  head.    East. 

(2)  To  throw.  North.  "  If  you  coit  a  stone," 
Cotton's  Works,  ed.  1734,  p.  326.  See  Anec. 
and  Trad.  p.  12. 

COITING-STONE.   A  quoit. 

COITURB.    Coition.    TqpselL 

COKAGRYS-  A  dish  in  ancient  cookery,  de- 
scribed in  Warner's  Antiq.  Culin.  p.  66. " 

COKE.    (1)  To  cry  peccavi.    North. 

(2)  To  pry  about.    Sussex. 

(3)  A  cook.     (Lat.) 

COKEDRILL.  A  crocodile.  Weber.  Maun- 
devile  has  cokodrilles,  p.  321. 

CO  KEN.     To  choak.     North. 

COKER.  (1)  A  reaper.  Warw.  Originally  a 
charcoal  maker  who  comes  out  at  harvest- 
time. 

(2)  To  sell  by  auction.    South. 

COKES.  A  fool.  Coles.  See  Cotgrave,  in  v. 
Effemine,  Enfournert  Fol,  Lambin.  More  cor- 
rectly perhaps,  a  person  easily  imposed  upon. 

COKEWOLD,    A  cuckold.     (A.-N.) 

COKIN.    A  rascal.     (A.-N.) 

Quath  Arthour,  thou  hethen  cokin, 
Wende  to  thi  d&vel  Apolin. 

Arthvw  and  Merlin,  p.  236, 

COKYRMETE.  Clay.  Pr*  Paw.  Correspond- 
ing to  the  Spanish  tqpia. 


COKYSSE.    A  female  cook. 

Hyt  is  now  hard  to  deserne  and  know 
A  tapster,  a  cok?/sse,  cr  an  ostelars  wyf, 
Prom  a  gentylwoman,  yf  they  stond  arow, 
For  who  shall  be  fresshest  they  ymagyn  and  stryf. 
MS,  Laud.  416,  f.  74, 
COL.  (1)  Charcoal.     (A.-S.) 
(2)  To  strain.     North. 

COLAGE.     A  college.     See  Hardyng's  Chron. 
if.  87,  216 ;  Tundale,  p.  71. 
All  suche  executours  specyally  I  bytake, 
That  fals  be  unto  hym  that  may  not  speke  ne  go, 
Unto  the  grete  colage  of  the  fyndis  blake. 

MS.  Laud.  416,  f.  95. 

COLBERTAIK    A  kind  of  lace  mentioned  in 

Holme's  Academy  of  Armory,  1 688. 
COLD.  (1)  Could ;  knew,    Percy. 

(2)  To  grow  cold.     (A.-S.) 

He  was  aferd,  his  hert  gan  to  cold, 

To  se  this  marvelous  thyng  to-for  his  bed. 

MS.  Laud.  416,  f  63. 

(3)  Cold-rosi,  \.  e.  nothing  to  the  point  or  pur- 
pose. 

(4)  Sober;  serious. 
COLD-CHILL.    Anague-fit.    jEfctf. 
COLD-COMFORT.    Bad  news.     Xorth. 
COLDER.     Refuse  wheat.    East. 
COLD-FIRE.    A  laid  fire  not  lighted. 
COLDHED.     Coldness.     (A.-S.) 
COLDING.     Shivering:.     Chesh. 
COLD-LARD.  A  pudding  made  of  oatmeal  and 

suet.     North. 

COLD-PIE.  To  give  a  cold  pie,  or  cold  pig,  to 
raise  a  sluggard  in  the  morning  by  lighted 
paper,  cold  water,  and  other  methods. 

COLD-PIGEON.    A  message. 

COLD-SHEAR.    An  inferior  iron. 

COLE.  (1)  Pottage.    North. 

(2)  Sea-kale.    South. 

(3)  Cabbage.    (A.-N.)     "  Cole  cabes,"  Elyot 
in  v.  £rassica.    See  Ord,  and  Reg.  p.  426. 

(4)  To  put  into  shape.    North. 

(5)  To  cool.     Oaon.    "  Lete  hir  cole  hir  bodi 
thare,"  Leg.  Cath,  p.  93. 

6)  A  colt     Weber. 

7)  The  neck.    (A.-N.) 
(8)  A  species  of  gadus. 
COLEMAN-HEDGE.    A  common  prostitute. 
COLE-PROPHET.    A  false  prophet,  or  cheat. 
COLER.     A  collar.      (A.-N.)      See   Rutland 

Papers,  p.  7 ;  Eeliq.  Antiq.  i  41. 
COLERIE.    Eye-salve.     (Lat.) 
COLERON.    Doves.     Chron.  Vilodun.  p.  32. 
COLE  STAFF.    A  strong  pole,  on  which  men 

carried  a  burden  between  them. 
COLET.    The  acolyte,  the  fourth  of  the  minor 

orders  among  Roman  Catholic  priests. 
COLFREN.    Doves.    Rob.  Glouc.  p.  190 
COLJSANCE.    A  badge  or  device. 
COLKE,    The  core.    North. 

For  the  erthe  y-likned  may  be 
To  an  appel  upon  a  tree, 
The  whiche  in  myddes  hath  a  coljce, 
As  hath  an  eye  Jin  myddes  a  yolke. 

Hampoie,  MS.  Addit.  11305,  f  .  98, 

COLL.  (1)  To  embrace,  or  clasp. 
(2)  To  run  about  idly.     North. 


COL 


2(54 


COM 


COLLAR,  (1)  Soot,  Var.dial.  "All  his  co/- 
low  and  his  soot,"  Cotton's  Works,  ed.  1734, 
p.  190. 

(2)  Smut  in  wheat.     Kent. 

(3)  To  entangle.    North. 

(4)  To  collar  the  mag,  to  throw  a  coit  -with 
such  precision  as  to  surround  the  plug. 

COLLAR-BALL.  A  light  ball  used  by  children 

to  play  with.     East. 
COLLAR-BEAM.    The  upper  beam  in  a  barn, 

or  other  building, 

COLLAR-COAL.    Same  as  collar  (1). 
COLLARD.     Colewort.    East. 
COLLATION.    A  conference.     (A.-N.) 
COLLAUD.     To  unite  in  praising.  (Lat.)    Col- 

lawdid.  Dial.  Great.  Moral,  p.  114. 
COLLATES.    A  kind  of  broth.    Huloet. 
COLLECTION.    A  conclusion  or  consequence. 

Or  perhaps  sometimes  observation. 
COLLEGE.    An  assembly  of  small  tenements 

having  a  common  entrance  from  the  street. 

Somerset. 

COLLER-EGGS/   New  laid  eggs.    North. 
COLLET.     The  setting  which  surrounds  the 

stone  of  a  ring.  Some  article  of  apparel  worn 

round  the  neck  was  also  so  called.    See  Du 

Bartas,  p.  370. 
COLLET.  (1)  Soot.    Var.  dial.    Hence  cottied, 

blackened,  as  in  Shakespeare. 

(2)  Butchers*  meat.    North. 

(3)  A  blackbird.    Somerset. 

COLLIER.    A  seller  of  coals  or  charcoal.    A 

little  black  insect  is  also  so  called. 
COLLING.    An  embrace.     (A.-N.) 
COLLOCK.    A  great  pail    North. 
COLLOGUE.    To  confederate  together,  gene- 
rally for  an  unlawful  purpose ;  to  cheat ;  to 

converse  secretly. 
COLLOP.    A  rasher  of  bacon ;  a  slice  of  flesh. 

Var.  dial 

COLLOW.    See  Collar. 
COLLYGATE.    To  bind  together,   (Lat.)    See 

Ashmole's  Theat.  Chem.  Brit.  p.  145. 
COLLY- WE STON.    A  term  used  when  any- 

thing  goes  wrong.     Chesh. 
COLLY-WOBBLE.    Uneven.     West. 
COLLY-WOMPERED.     Patched.    North. 
COLMATE,    A  colestaff.    Durham. 
COLMOSE.     The  seamew.     See  Calmewe. 
COLNE.     A  basket   or -coop.     u  Scirpea,  a 

dounge  potte  or  colne  made  with  roddes  or 

russhes,"  Elyot. 
COLOBE.    A  kind  of  short  coat  reaching  to 

the  knees.    (l.at.) 
COLOFONY.     Common  rosin. 
COLOFRE.     Fine  gunpowder,  mentioned   in 

MS.  Soc.  Antiq.  101,  f.  76. 
COLON.  (1)  The  largest  intestine,  and  hence 

metaphorically  hunger. 
(2)  Stalks  of  furse-bushes,  which  remain  after 

burning.     North. 

COLORYE.    An  ointment  for  the  eyes,  men- 
tioned in  MS.  Med.  Line.  f.  284. 
COLOUR.     A  pretence.     <£  Colour,  a  fayned  | 


matter,"  Palsgrave.    To  fear  no  colouis,  to 
fear  no  enemy. 

COLPHEG.    To  beat,  or  buffet.    Nares. 
COLPICE.    A  leaver.     Wane. 
COLRE.    Choler.     (A.-N.) 

The  fyre  of  his  condicion 
Appropreth  the  complexion, 
Whiche  in  a  man  is  colre  hote. 

Cower,  MS.  Soc.  Antiq.  134,  f .  196. 

COLSH.    Concussion.    North. 

COLT.   (1)  To  ridge  earth.    South.    A  bank 

that  falls  down  is  said  to  colt  in. 
(2)  To  cheat.    An  old  cant  term. 
An  apprentice.     West. 

(4)  A  new  comer,  who  is  required  to  pay  a  for- 
feit called  colt-ale. 

(5)  A  small  piece  of  wood,  sometimes  found 
loose  inside  a  tree. 

(6)  A  third  swarm  of  bees  in  the  same  season. 


(7)  To  crack,  as  timber.     Warw. 

COLTEE.  To  be  skittish.  Devon.  Chaucer 
has  coltish,  and  Huloet  coltitche. 

COLT-PIXY.  A  fairy.  West.  The  fossil  echini 
are  called  colt-pixies'  heads.  To  beat  down 
apples  is  to  colepixy  in  Dorset. 

COLUMBINE.    Dove-like,     (lat.) 

COLYER.    Delicious.    North. 

COLYERE.    A  dove.     (^f.-£) 

COM.  Came.  North.  Also  a  substantive, 
coming  or  arrival. 

COMAND.    Commanded.    Ritson. 

COMAUNDE.    Communed.     Warkworth. 

COMB.  (1)  A  valley.  Var.  dial  See  Holm- 
shed,  Hist.  Ireland,  p.  169. 

(2)  A  sharp  ridge.     North. 

(3)  A  balk  of  land.     Devon. 

(4)  The  window-stool  of  a  casement.     Glouc. 

(5)  A  brewing-vat.     Chesh. 

(6)  To  acrospire.     West.     Hence  coming-floor, 
the  floor  of  a  malt-house. 

(7)  To  cut  a  person's  comb,  to  disable  him. 

(8)  A  mallet.    Devon. 
COMB-BROACH.     The  tooth  of  a  comb  for 

dressing  wool.    Somerset. 
COMBERERE.  A  trouble.    ComUrd,  troubled, 
Wright's  Seven  Sages,  p.  115. 

The  ryche  emperowre  Raynere 
Wottyth  not  of  thys  cornberere. 

MS.  Cantab.  Ff.  ii.  38,  f.  161. 

COMBERSOME.  Troublesome;  difficult  of 
access.  See  Holinshed,  Hist.  England,  i.  29. 

COMBRE-WORLD.  An  incmnbrance  to  the 
world.  Chaucer. 

COMBURMENT.    Incumbrance.     Weber. 

COMBUST.  Burnt.  (Lat.)  A  term  in  astro- 
logy when  a  planet  is  not  more  than  8°  30' 
distant  from  the  sun.  See  Randolph's  Jealous 
Lovers,  p.  77. 

COME.  (1)  Coming;  arrival. 

Now  thy  comJy  come  has  comforthede  us  alle. 

Morte  Arthufet  MS.  Lincoln^  f.  6& 

(2)  To  be  ripe.    Dorset. 

(3)  A  comfit.    North.- 

(4)  Came.     Perceval,  1365. 


COM 


265 


COM 


(5)  To  go.     Sir  Eglamour,  713. 

(6)  To  succumb ;  to  yield.     Comlee  seems  used 
in  the  same  sense  in  "Wright's  Monastic  Let- 
ters, p.  126.    "  I  can't  come  it,"  I  cannot 
manage  it. 

(7)  To  become.     Var.  dial. 

(8)  To  overflow,  or  flood.     West. 

(9)  When  such  a  time  has  arrived,  e.  g.  "  it  mil 
be  ten  year  come  August."  This  usage  of  the 
•word  is  very  common. 

COME-BACK.    A  guinea-fowl.    East. 
COMEBE.    A  comb.    Rel.  Ant.  i.  9. 
COME-BY.     To  procure.     "  Come  by  now," 

get  out  of  the  way.    "  Come  down  upon,"  to 
*  reprove,  to  chide. 
COMED.     Came.     Var.  dial 
CO-MEDLED.    Well  mixed.    SAaXi. 
COME -IN.     To  surrender. 
COMELING.    A  stranger;   a  guest.     North. 

"  An  unkind  cumtyng"  Ywaine  and  Gawin, 

1627.    See  Harrison's  Desc.  of  Britaine,  p.  6  ; 

MS.   Cott.  Vespas.  D.  vii.     Eawtcumbling 

occurs  in  Tim  Bobbin. 

To  comlyngis  loke  je  do  no  gile, 

For  suche  were  joureself  sumwhile. 

Cursor  Mundi,  M8.  Coll.  Tnn.  Cantab,  f.  43. 

COMEN.    To  commune.     Coverdale. 
COMBNDE.     Coming.     (^.-£) 

Tille  it  befelle  upon  a  playne, 
They  syjen  where  he  was  comende. 

Goicer,  MS.  Soc.  4ntiq.  134,  f.  71. 
COMENE.     Came,  pi.  (J.-S.) 
COME-OFF.    A  phrase  equivalent  to  "  come 
on,"  to  execute  any  business.    In  the  pro- 
vinces it  now  means,  to  alter,  to  change. 
Shakespeare  has  it  in  the  sense  of  paying  a 
debt. 
COME-ON.  To  grow,  to  improve ;  to  encroach ; 

to  succeed,  or  follow.     Var.  dial. 
COME-OVER.    To  cajole.     Var.  dial 
COME -PUR.    A  familiar  way  of  calling,  pro- 
perly to  pigs.    Leic. 
COMERAWNCE.    Vexation ;  grief. 
COMEROUS.    Troublesome.    SMton. 
COMESTIBLE.    Eatable.    Becon. 
COME-THY-WAYS.    Come  forward,  generally 
spoken  in  great  kindness.     Go  your  ways,  a 
mode  of   dismissal.     Both  phrases  are  in 
Shakespeare. 
COMFORDE.    Comfort. 

He  es  my  lufe  and  my  lorde, 
My  joye  and  my  comjorde. 

MS.  Lincoln  A.  i.  17,  f.  137. 

COMFORTABLE.  A  covered  passage-boat  used 
on  the  river  Tyne. 

COMFORTABLE-BREAD.  Spiced  gingerbread. 
Sugared  corianders  are  still  called  comforts. 

COMIC.    An  actor.     Steele. 

COMICAL.     Ill-tempered.     West. 

COMINE.    To  threaten.     (Lot.) 

COMING-ROUND.  Recovering  from  sickness ; 
returning  to  friendship. 

COMINGS.  The  sprouts  of  barley  in  process 
of  fermentation  for  malt.  Camming,  Harri- 
son's Descr.  of  England,  p.  169.  See  Comb  (6). 

COMINS.     Commonage.    Midland  C. 


COMISE.    To  commit. 

Cornise  the  with  pacience, 
And  take  into  thy  conscience 
Mercy  to  be  thy  governoure. 

Cower,  MS.  Soc.  Antiq.  134,  f.  102 

COMIT.    Comes.    (^.-£) 

COMITY.    Courtesy.    Becon. 

COMLAND.    A  covenant     (^..JV.) 

COMLOKER.    More  comely. 

COMLYLY.    Courteously. 

COMMANDER.  A  wooden  rammer  used  to 
drive  piles  of  wood  into  the  ground.  See 
Florio,  p.  186 ;  Nomenclator,  p.  302  ;  Baret, 
C.  907. 

COMMANDMENTS.  The  nails  of  the  fingers 
are  often  called  the  ten  commandments. 

COMMAUNCE.     Community.     (A.-N.) 

COMMEDDLE.     To  mix,  or  mingle.     (Fr.) 

COMMEN.    Coming.    North. 

COMMENCE.    A  job ;  an  affair.    South. 

COMMENDS.  Commendations ;  regards  ;  com- 
pliments. Shakespeare  has  this  word,  "  I 
doe  not  load  you  with  commends,"  Royall  King 
and  Loyall  Subject,  1637,  sig.  E.  ii. 

COMMENSAL.  A  companion  at  table.  (x/.-A7.) 

COMMENT.    To  invent ;  to  devise. 

COMMENTY.    The  community. 

COMMEVE.    To  move.     Chaucer. 

COMMISED.  Committed.  « Autorite  com- 
mysed  unto  theme,"  MS.  Cott.  Cart.  Antiq. 
xvii.  11. 

COMMIST.    Joined  together.    (Lat.) 

COMMIT.    To  be  guilty  of  incontinence.  Shal\ 

COMMITTED.     Accounted ;  considered. 

COMMODITY.  (1)  "Wares  taken  in  payment  by 
needy  persons  who  borrowed  money  of  usurers. 
The  practice  is  still  common,  though  the  name 
is  extinct. 

(2)  "  The  whore,  who  is  called  the  commodity," 
Belman  of  London,  1608. 

(3)  An  interlude.    'Shale. 

(4)  Interest ;  advantage. 
COMMOLYCHE.    Comely. 
COMMONER.    A  common  lawyer. 
COMMONS  YS.  A  choice  kind  of  marble,  highly 

prized  by  boys. 

COMMON-HOUSE.  That  part  of  a  monastery 
in  which  a  fire  was  kept  for  the  monks  to  warm 
themselves  during  the  winter.  Davies's  An- 
cient Rites,  p.  138. 

COMMON-PITCH.  A  term  applied  to  a  roof 
in  which  the  length  of  the  rafters  is  about 
three-fourths  of  the  entire  span. 

COMMONS.  Provisions,  a  term  still  in  use  at 
Oxford  and  Cambridge. 

CdMMORSE.    Compassion ;  pity. 

COMMORTH.  A  subsidy,  a  contribution  made 
on  any  particular  occasion.  See  Wright's  Mo- 
nastic Letters,  p.  209. 

COMMOTHER.    A  godmother.     TSorth. 

COMMUNE.  (1)  The  commonalty. 

(2)  To  distribute.    Palsgrave. 

COMMUNES.    Common  people.     Chaucer. 

COMMUNICATE.    To  share  in.    ( Ui.) 

COMMY.    Come.    Sktton. 


COM 


2(56 


CON 


COMNANT.    A  covenant ;  an  agreement.    See 

Torrent  of  Portugal,  p.  35. 
COMON.    Communing ;  discourse.    Skelton. 
COMOUN.     A  town,  or  township.     (A.-N.) 
COM? ACE.    To  encompass. 

And  in  so  moche  in  herte  doth  dclite 
His  tendir  lymis  to  wylde  and  compace. 

Lydg-ate,  MS,  Soc.  Antiq.  134,  f.  33. 

COMPAIGNABLE.     Sociable.    (A.-N.) 
Frendly  to  ben  and  compaygnable  at  al. 

MS  Fail-fax  16. 

COMPAINE.    A  companion.     (X-JV.) 
COMPANAGE.    Sustenance;  food.     ((//.- &T.) 
ft  To  liuere  companage,"  Wright's  Pol.  Songs, 
p.  240. 
COMPANION.    A  scurvy  fellow.    A  frequent 

sense  of  the  word  in  old  plays. 
COMPANYE.    To  accompany. 

Whenne  thei  had  companytd  him  so, 
Forth  in  pegs  he  bad  heni  go. 

Cursor  JfvntRt  MS.  Coll.  Trto.  Cantab,  f.  77- 

COMPANY-KEEPER.     A  lover.    East.     To 

company  with  a  woman,  fittuo,  Palsgrave. 
COMPARATIVE.    A  rival.     Shah. 
COMPARISONS.    Caparisons. 
COMPARITY.     Comparison, 
COMPAS.  (1)  Countess.    Hearne.  * 

(2)  Compost.    "  Lay  on  more  compos?  Tusser's 
Husbandry,  p.  36. 

At  Highworth  and  thereabout,  where  fuel!  is  very 
scarce,  the  poore  people  do  strow  strawe  in  the  bar- 
ton on  which  the  cowes  do  dung,  and  then  they 
clap  it  against  the  stone  walles  to  drie  for  fuell, 
which  they  call  olllt  fuell.  They  call  it  also  compos, 
meaning  compost, 

Aubrey's  Wilts,  MS.  Ro^alSoc.  p.  292. 

(3)  Form  j  stature.     (A.-N.) 

(4)  A  circle.    (A.-N.) 
COMPASMENT.    Contrivance.     (A.-N) 

Thorow  whos  wmpassement  and  gile 
Fulle  many  a  man  hath  loste  his  while. 

GoitfBi't  MS.  Soc.  Antlq.  134,  f.  76. 

COMPASS.    An  outline.    East. 
COMPASSED.    Circular.    Compassed  window, 

a  bay  window,  or  oriel.    Shak. 
COMPASSING.    Contrivance.     Chaucer. 
COMPENABULL.     Sociable ;  willing  to  give 
participation  in.    See  the  Cokwoldis  Dance, 
110. 
COMPENSE.    To  recompense. 

Whereof  my  hope  myjte  arise 
My  gret  love  to  compense. 

Goner,  AfjS.  Soc.  Antiq*  134,  f.  1&5. 
To  jeve  his  »ynne  was  despensed 
With  golde,  whereof  it  was  compensid. 

MS.  Ibid.  f.  101. 

COMPERE.    A  gossip ;  a  near  friend.    (A.-  A'.) 
COMPERSOME.    Frolicsome,     tierbysh. 
COMPERTE.    A  relation,  or  narrative.  (A.-N.} 

See  Wright's  Monastic  Letters,  pp.  50,  85. 
COMPERYCION.    Comparison. 
COMPEST.     To  compost  land.     See  Harrison's 

Descr.  of  England,  p.  109. 
COMPLAIN.     To  lament  for. 
COMPLE.  (1)  Angry.     Yorteh. 
(2)  To  taunt,  or  bully.    North. 
COMPLEMENT.    Ornament ;  accomplishment. 
COMPLIN.    Impertinent.     YorJksk. 


COMPLINE.    Even-song,  the  last  service  of 
the  day.    (^..JV.) 

I  was  in  my  florishinge  age  in  Chris  tes  church  e 
at  midnyght,  afore  sonryse,  at  the  first  houre,  at 
thiid  houre,  at  the  sixt  houre^  at  the  ix.  houre,  in 
the  evening,  and  at  compline. 

Redman's  Complaint  of  Gr&ce,  1554. 

COMPLISH.    To  accomplish. 
COMPLOftE.    To  weep  together. 
COMPON-COVERT.  A  kind  of  lace,  the  method 

of  making  which  is  described  in  MS.  Harl. 

2320,  f.  61. 
COMPONE,    To  compose;  to  calm,     (let.) 

Sometimes,  to  compose,  or  form. 
COMPOSITES.   Numbers  which  are  more  than 

ten  and  not  multiples  of  it.    A  division  in  an- 

cient arithmetic,  which  became  obsolete  about 

the  year  1500. 

COMPOSTURE.     Composition;  compost. 
COMPOSURE.     Composition  ;  frame. 
COMPOWNED.     Composed  ;  put  together. 
COMPRISE.     To  gather,  or  draw  a  conclusion. 

See  Huarte's  Examen.  1604,  p.  289. 
COMPROBATE.     Proved. 
COMPROMIT.  To  submit  to  arbitration.  (Lat.) 

See  Ford's  Line  of  Life,  p.  66  ;  "Wright's  Mo- 

nastic Letters,  p.  5. 
COMPTE.-    Account.     (A-N.} 
COMPYNELLE.    A  companion.     (.4.-Ar.) 

Sche  rose  hur  up  fpyre  and  welle, 
And  went  unto  iiur  compynelle. 

MS.  Cantab.  Ff.  ii.  30,  f.  130. 

COMRAGUE.    A  comrade. 
COMSEMENTE.    A  commencement. 
And  syr  Gawayne  by  God  than  sware, 
Here  now  made  a  conwemenfe 
That  bethe  not  fynysshyd  many  a  yere. 

JUS.  Harl.  2252,  f.  107. 

COM  SEN.    To  begin  ;  to  commence  ;  to  endea- 
vour.    (^.-£)     Comsede,  Piers  Ploughman, 
p.  402  ;  comsith,  Depos.  Kic.  II.  p.  21. 
COMSING.     Beginning;  commencing. 
COMTH.     Came  ;  becometh.    Hearne. 
COMUNALTE.     Community. 
COMYN.  (1J)  Litharge  of  lead. 
(2)  Cummin.    Gy  of  Warwike,  p.  421. 
Common  ;  mutual. 
The  commons.     (A.-N.) 

Than  hath  that  lady  gente 
Chosyn  hym  with  eomyns  assente. 

MS.  Cantab.  Ff  .  ii.  30,  f.  76. 
Of  hym  we  wylle  owre  londes  holde 
Be  the  comyns  assent. 

MS.  Ibid.  Ff.ii.38,  f.  81, 

(5)  Au  assembly. 

For  5it  was  ne  rer  suche  cnmyn, 
That  couthe  orcteiue  a  medecin. 

Gower*  MS.  Cantab* 

COMYNEE.    A  partaker.    (Lat.) 
COMYNL1CHE.    Commonly. 
COMYNTE.    Community. 
CON,  (I)  To  learn  ;  to  know.    North.    Also,  to 
calculate  ;  to  consider. 

;2)  To  fiUip.     North. 

'3)  To  return  thanks. 

(4)  A  searching  mode  of  knowing  whether  a  heu 
is  with  egg.    North, 

(5)  Can  ;  is  able.     See  Can  (4). 


(4 


CON 


25; 


CON 


(6)  Stout ;  valiant.     Ferstegan. 

(7)  A  squirrel.     Cumb. 

CONABLE.     Convenient ;  suitable.  (A.-N.)  It 

also  signifies  famous,  as  conabull  in  Sharp's 

Cov.  Myst.  p.  148. 
CONANDE.     Covenant.     Weber.     We  have 

wnante  in  Langtoft's  Chron.  p.  163. 
CONANDLY.     Knowingly ;  wisely. 
CONCEIT.  (1)  To  think,  or  suppose ;  to  suspect. 

Also,  an  opinion.   West.    Often,  good  opinion, 

(2)  Conception;  apprehension.    (A.-N.) 

(3)  An  ingenious  device. 

CONCEITED.  Fanciful;  ingenious.  Also,  in- 
clined to  jest,  merry. 

CONCELLE.    Advice.     (A.-N.) 

CONCENT.     Harmony.     (Lai.) 

CONCERN.  An  estate ;  a  business.  Far.  dial 
Sometimes,  to  meddle  with. 

CONCEYTATE.     Conception. 

CONCEYTE.     See  Conceit  (2). 

CONCEYVED.     Behaved.     Weder. 

CONCHONS.  Conscience.  See  Wright's  Mo- 
nastic Letters,  pp.  132,  133. 

CONCINNATE.    Fit;  decent.    Hall. 

CONCLUDE.    To  include. 

CONCLUSION.    An  experiment. 

CONCREW.    To  grow  together. 

CONCURBIT.    A  suhliming-vessel. 

CONCUSSION.    Extortion.     (Lat.) 

CONCYS.    A  kind  of  sauce. 

COND.    To  conduct.    Chaucer. 

CONDE.    Perused  5  known.     (^.-£) 

CONDER.  (1)  A  corner.   Devon. 

(2)  A  person  stationed  on  an  eminence  to  give 
notice  to  fishers  which  way  the  herring-shoals 
go. 

CONDERSATE.    Congealed. 

CONDESCEND.  To  agree.  East.  This  is  also 
an  archaism. 

CONDESCENDE.  To  yield.  (A.-N.)  Hence 
candescent,  agreement,  Hawkins,  ii.  93. 

The  same  Agnes  Commyne,  wydowe,  by  the  eon- 
discente  and  procurement  of  the  said  John  and  Jane> 
came  to  the  maior  of  the  cittie  of  Newe  Sarum. 
MS.  Chancery  Bills,  Turr.  Lond.  Ff.  10,  no.  S3. 

CONDETHE.    Safe  conduct. 

CONDIDDLED.  Dispersed;  mislaid ;  frittered 
away ;  stolen.  Devon. 

CONDIE.    To  conduct.    Langtoffc,  p.  182. 
But  condite  only  of  the  sterre  shene. 

MS.  Soc.  Antiq.  134,  f.  23. 

CONDISE.    Conduits.    (A.-N.} 
CONDITION.     Temper;   disposition;  nature. 

East.    Common  in  early  works. 
CONDLEN.    Candles. 
CONDO  G.    A  whimsical  corruption  of  the  word 

concur.    Besides  the  examples  given  by  Nares 

maybe  mentioned  Heywood's  Royal!  King, 

1637,  sig.  F.iL 

CONDON.    Knowing ;  intelligent. 
CONDRAK.    A  kind  of  lace,  the  method  of 

making  which  is  described  in  MS.  Harl.  2320, 

f.  57. 

CONDUCT.  (1)  Hired.    (Lat.} 
(2)  A  conductor.    See  Ord.  and  Reg.  pp.  282, 

283,403. 


CONDUCTION.    Charge;  conduct.    SeeEger- 

ton  Papers,  p.  242 ;  Holinshed,  Hist.  Scot. 

p.  78. 
CONDUCT-MONEY.    Money  paid  to  soldiers 

and  sailors  to  take  them  to  their  ships. 
CONDUL.    A  candle. 
CONE.    A  clog.    North. 
CONESTABLE.    A  constable.    (A.-N. 
CONE-WHEAT.    Bearded-wheat.    Kent. 
CONEY.    A  bee-hive.    Tusser. 
CONEY-FOGLE.    To  lay  plots.    Line. 
CONEY-LAND.    Land  so  light  and  sandy  as  to 

be  fit  for  nothing  but  rabbits.    East. 
CONFECT.    A  sweetmeat. 
CONFECTE.    Prepared. 

And  whanne  the  water  fully  was  confecte, 
Liche  the  statute  and  the  ryjtes  oolde. 

Lydgate,  MS.  Soc.  4ntiq.  134,  f.  7. 

CONFECTED.    Pliable.     North. 

CONFECTION.    A  sweetmeat ;  a  drug. 

CONFECTURE.    Composition.    (A.-N.) 

CONFEDER.    To  confederate. 

CONFEIT.  A  sweetmeat.  See  Warner's  An- 
tiq.  Culin.  p.  55 ;  Ord.  and  Reg.  p.  430, 

CONFER.    To  compare.   Hooper. 

CONFERY.  The  daisy.  See  Reliq,  Ant.  i.  55 ; 
Pr.  Parv.  p.  112;  MS.  Sloane  5,  f.  2. 

CONFINE.    To  expel ;  to  banish. 

CONFINED.  Engaged  as  a  labourer  for  a  year 
to  one  master.  Line. 

COOTINELESS.    Boundless. 

CONFINER.    A  borderer. 

CONFISKE.    To  confiscate.    (A.-N.) 

CONFITEOR.   A  confessor. 

CONFITING.  A  sweetmeat. 

CONFLATE.    Troubled.    (Lot.) 

CONFLOPSHUN.  Confusion;  a  hobble.  North. 

CONFORT.    Comfort;  consolation. 

CONFOUND.    To  destroy.    Shdk. 

CONFOUNDED.    Ashamed.    (Lai.) 

CONFRARY.    A  brotherhood. 

CONFUSE.   Confounded.    (4..JV.) 

CONFY.    A  confection. 

CONGE.  (1)  To  bow.  East. 

(2)  To  expel.  (^.-2V.)  See  Langtoft,  p.  323  ; 
Piers  Ploughman,  pp.  65,  258. 

CONGELATE.     Congealed. 

CONGEON.    Adwaif.    Minsheu. 

CONGERDOUST.    A  dried  conger. 

CONGIE.    Leave.    (XJV.) 

CONGRECE.     Suite  of  servants.    (A.-N.) 

CONGREE.    To  agree  together. 

CONGRUELY.  Conveniently ;  fitly.  See  Hall, 
Henry  V.  f ,  31 ;  Gesta  Rom.  p.  198.  Con- 
gruent, Strutt,  ii.  190. 

CONGRUENCE.    Fitness. 

CONGURDE.    Conjured, 

Syr,  seyde  the  pylgryme, 

Thou  haste  me  wngwde  at  thys  tyme. 

MS.  Cantab.  Ff .  ii.  38,  f.  194, 

CONIFFLE.    To  embezzle.   Somerset. 

CONIG.  A  rabbit.  See  Minot,  p.  37,  Hence 
conigar,  a  rabbit-warren.  West.  Florio  has 
connie-grea,  p.  117  ;  connygar,  Elyotin  v.  Fi- 
varium  ;  conyngerys,  Lydgate,  p.  174 ;  cunnie- 
greene.  Two  Angrie  Women  of  Abington,p.  81. 


CON 


263 


CON 


CONISAUNCE.    Understanding.    (A.-N.) 

CONJECT.  (1)  Thrown  into.    Becon. 

(2}  To  conjecture. 

CONJECTE.     To  project.     (A.-N) 

CONJECTURE.    To  judge.     (A.-N.) 

CON  JOUN.    A  coward.     (A.-N.) 

CONJURATOUR.    A  conspirator. 

CONJURE.    To  adjure.     (A.-N.) 

CONJURISON.     Conjuration.     (A.-N.} 

CONKABELL.    An  icicle.    Devon. 

CONKERS,    Snail-shells.    East. 

CONNA,     Cannot.     Var.  dial 

CONNAT.   A  marmalade.     (A.-N.) 

CONNE.  (1)  A  quince.     (A.-N.) 

(2)  To  know  ;  to  be  able.     (A.-S.) 

CONNER.    A  reader.     Yorksh. 

CONNEX.    To  join  together.    See  Hall,  Henry 

VII.  1  3  5  MS.  Harl.  834. 
CONNICAUGHT.     Cheated. 
CONNIEARS.    A  beast's  kidnies.    North. 
CONNING.    Learning  ;  knowledge. 
CONNY.    See  Corny. 
CONCUR.    Any  small  outlet  for  water  ;  some- 

times, a  funnel? 

CONPACE.  To  compass  or  contrive. 
As  a  prince  devoid  of  alle  grace, 
Ageins  God  he  gan  to  conpace. 

Lydgate's  Bochas,  MS*  Ration  2. 

CONQUERS.    A  conquest. 
CONQUINATE.    To  poUute.     SMton. 
CONREY.    Run  together.    Hearne. 
CONSCIENCE.    Estimation.     North. 
CONSECUTE,    To  attain.    (Lat.) 
CONSEIL.    Counsel.     (^.-M) 
CONSENTANT.     Consenting  to.     (A.-N.) 
CONSERVE.     To  preserve.     (A.-N.) 
CONSERVISE.    A  conservatory. 
CONSEYLY.     To  advise.    R.  Glouc.  p.  214. 
CONSORT.  (1)  A  company  or  band  of  musicians; 

a  concert. 

(2)  To  associate  with. 
CONSOUD.    The  less  daisy. 
CONSPIREMENT.    Conspiracy. 

But  suche  a  fals  conspiretnent, 

Thouj  it  be  pri^  for  a  throw, 

God  wolde  not  were  unknowe. 

Cower,  MS.  Soc.  Antiq.  134,  f.  72. 

CONSTABLERIE.  A  ward,  or  division  of  a 
castle,  tinder  the  care  of  a  constable.  (A.-N.) 

CONSTER.  To  construe.  Hence,  sometimes, 
to  comprehend. 

CONSTILLE.    TodistH.    LySgrfe. 

CONSTOBLE.  A  great  coat  East.  Also  called 
a  consloper. 

CONSTORY.    The  consistory.    (A.-N.) 

CONSUETE.    Usual;  accustomed.    (Lat.) 

CONTAIN.  To  abstain.  Also,  to  restrain.  Both 
an  active  and  neuter  verb. 

CONTAKE.  Debate  ;  quarrelling.  See  Reliq. 
Antiq.  i.  7  ;  Wright's  Seven  Sages,  p.  59  ;  con- 
ahf,  Tundale,  p,  2.  Also  spelt  conte&e  and 


CONTANKEROUS.    Quarrelsome.     West. 
CONTAS.  A  countess.  Hearne  has  a  queer  illus- 

tration of  this  word  in  his  glossary  to  Rob. 

Glouc.  p.  635. 


CONTEKOUR.    A  person  who  quarrels.     Sen 

LangtofVs  Chron.  p.  328. 
CONTEL.     To  foretel.     Tusser. 
CONTENANCE.     Appearance ;  pretence. 
CONTENE.     To  continue. 
CONTENTATION.     Content ;  satisfaction. 
CONTIGNAT.    Successively.    Hearns. 
CONTINENT.    That  in  which  anything  is  con- 

tained.    Shafa 
CONTINEWE.     Contents. 
CONTOURBED.     Disturbed. 

y  am  destourbed 

In  alle  myn  Lerte,  and  so  contawbed, 
That  y  ne  may  my  wittes  gete. 

Gower,  MS.  Soc.  Antiq.  134,  f.  3D 

CONTRAIRE.     Contrary ;  opposite.     (A.-N.) 
CONTRAPTION.     Contrivance.     West. 
CONTKARIE.     To  go  against,  vex,   oppose. 
(A.-N.)     Contrariant,  Hall,  Edw.  IV.  f.  22. 
Occasionally  a  substantive. 

Andwlanne  they  diden  the  contrarye, 
Fortune  was  contrariende. 

Gotoer,  JUS.  Soc.  Antiq,  134,  f.  34. 
CONTHARYUS.    Different.     (A.-N.) 
He  rauste  bothe  drynke  and  ete 
Contrary^  drynke  and  contraryvs  mete. 

MS.  Cantab.  Ff.  ii.  38,  f.  138. 

CONTEAVERSE.     Quite  the  reverse. 
CONTBEE.    A  country.    (A.-N.) 
CONTKEFETE.  To  counterfeit ;  imitate.  (A.-N) 
CONTREVE.    To  contrive.     (A.-N.) 
CONTREVORE.    A  contrivance.     "  Here  novy 

a  contrevore"  Langtoft,  p.  334. 
CONTRIBUTE.     To  take  tribute  of. 
CONTRIVE.    To  wear  out,  pass  away. 
CONTKOVE.    To  invent.     (A.-N.) 
CONTUBERNIAL.    Familiar.    (Lat.) 
CONTUND.     To  beat  down.    Lilly. 
CONTUNE.     To  continue.    Not  for  the  sake 

of  t-lie  rhyme,  as  Tyrwhitt  thinks.     It  occurs 

also  in  prose. 

CONTURBATION.    Disturbance. 
CONVAIL.    To  recover. 
CONVALE.    A  valley.    Holme. 
CONVAUNCED.    Promised.    (A.-N.) 
CONVENABLE.     Fitting.     Skelton. 
CONVENE.    Arrangement.    (A.-N.) 
CONVENT.     To  summon ;  to  convene. 
CONVENTIONARY-RENTS.      The    reserved 

rents  of  life-leases. 
CONVENT-LOAF.    Fine  manchet. 
CONVERSANT.    To  converse.    Palsgrave. 
CONVERTITE,    A  convert. 
CONVEY.    Conveyance.    Hence  to  steal,  for 

which  it  was  a  polite  term,  as  Pistol  insinu- 
ates.    Conveyance  is  also  used  for  stealing. 
CONVICIOUS.    Abusive.     (Lat.) 
CONVINCE.    To  conquer ;  to  convict. 
CONVIVE.    To  feast  together. 
CONVOY.    A  clog  for  the  wheel  of  a  waggon. 

North. 
CONY.    A  rabbit.    Also  rabbit-skin,  as  in  Mid- 

dleton,  iii.  39 ;  Test.  Vetust.  p.  734. 
CONY-CATCH.    To  deceive  a  simple  person  j 

to  cheat.     Sometimes  merely  to  trick.   Cony- 

catcher^  a  sliarper. 


COP 


269 


COP 


CONYCARTHE.    A  rabbit  warren.   Palsgrave. 
CONINE.    Knowledge.     (A.-N.) 

With  fals  conyne  -whiche  sche  hadde, 
Hire  clos  envye  tho  sche  spradde. 

Cower,  MS.Soc.  Antiq.  134,  f.  65. 

CONYNGE.    A  rabbit.     (A.-N.} 
He  went  and  fett  conynges  thre, 
Alle  baken  welle  in  a  pasty. 

MS.  Cantab.  Ff.  v.  48,  f.  50. 

COO.  (1)  Fear.     North. 

(2}  To  call.     Cumb. 

(3)  A  jackdaw.     Pr.  Parv. 

COOB.    A  ben-coop.     Wilts. 

COOCH-HANDED.    Left-banded.    Devon. 

COOK.  (1)  To  tbrow.     Var.  dial. 

(2)  To  disappoint ;  to  punish.     North. 

COOK-EEL.     A  cross-bun.    East. 

COOKLE.  A  pair  of  prongs  with  an  aperture 
through  which  the  meated  spit  is  thrust. 
East. 

COOKOLD.    A  cuckold. 

COOLER.    A  large  open  tub.     J^ar.  dial 

COOLING-CARD.  Literally  a  bolus,  according 
to  Gifford,  and  hence  metaphorically  used  in 
the  sense  of  a  decisive  retort  in  word  or  ac- 
tion. It  seems  also  to  be  used  for  oad  news. 
Gifford  has  ridiculed  Weber's  derivation  of 
the  term  from  card-playing,  but  see  the  True 
Tragedie  of  Ric.  III.  p.  23. 

COOM.     Dust ;  dirt.     North. 

COOMS.     Ridges.    East. 

COOP.  (1)  Come  up !     Var.  dial. 

(2)  A  closed  cart.     North. 

(3)  A  hollow  vessel  made  of  twigs,  used  for 
taking  fish  in  the  Humber. 

COOPLE.    To  crowd.    North. 

COORBYD.     Curved.    Lydgate. 

COORE.  To  crouch.  Yor&sh.  "  Coore  downe 
on  your  heeles,"  Baret,  C.  1258. 

COOSCOT.    A  wood-pigeon.    North. 

COOSE.     To  loiter.     Devon. 

COOT.  (1)  The  water-hen.  "  As  stupid  as  a 
coot"  and  "  as  bald  as  a  coot,"  old  prover- 
bial sayings.  See  Cotgrave,  in  v.  fiscossois, 
Magot.  Drayton  has  coot-laid. 

(2}  The  ancle,  or  foot.    North. 

COOTH.    A  cold.    North. 

COP.  (1)  A  mound,  or  bank;  aheap  of  anything. 
North.  Also,  an  in  closure  with  a  ditch  round 
it. 

(2)  To  throw  underhand.     Var.  dial 

(3)  The  top,  or  summit.     (A.-S.) 

The  watris  jeden  and  decreesiden  til  to  the  tenthe 

monethe,  for  in  the  tenthe  monethe,  in  the  firste 

dai  of  the  monethe,  the  voppis  of  hillis  apeeriden. 

MS.  Bodl.  277. 

(4)  The  round  piece  of  wood  fixed  at  the  top  of 
a  bee-hive. 

(5)  The  beam  that  is  placed  between  a  pair  of 
drawing  oxen. 

(6)  That  part  of  a  waggon  which  hangs  over  the 
th)ller-horse. 

f  7)  A  cop  of  peas,  fifteen  sheaves  in  the  field, 
and  sixteen  in  the  barn. 

(8)  -A  lump  of  yarn.    North* 

(9)  A  fence.     North. 


(10)  A  pinnacle ;  the  rising  part  of  a  battlement. 

(11)  Same  as  cop-head,  q.  v. 
HOPART.    To  join  ;  to  share. 

10P ATAIN.  A  conical  hat ;  one  in  the  form  of 
a  sugar  loaf.  The  word  is  also  spelt  coppid- 
tanke,  coppentante,  and  coppintank.  "  A  co» 
pentank  for  Caiphas,"  Gascoigne's  Delicate 
Diet,  1576.  See  Du  Bartas,  p.  364  ;  Nomea- 
clator,  pp.  165, 449 ;  Skelton,  ii.  429.  Accord- 
ing to  Kennett,  p.  54,  "  a  hat  with  a  high 
crown  is  called  a  copped  crown  hat." 

COP-BONE.     The  knee-pan.     Somerset. 

COPE.  (1)  To  top  a  wall  with  thin  bricks  or 
stone. 

(2)  To  chop  or  exchange.    East.    "  Copen  or 
by,"  Lydgate's  Minor  Poems,  p.  105. 

(3)  A  cloak ;  a  covering.     (A.-N.) 

Thegrettyst  clerke  that  everthou  seyst 
To  take  hym  undur  hevyn  cope. 

MS.  Cantab.  Ff.  ii.  38,  f.  48. 

(4)  A  tribute  paid  to  the  lord  of  the  manor  for 
smelting  lead  at  his  mill. 

(5)  A  large  quantity.    East. 

(6)  To  fasten ;  to  muzzle.    East. 

(7)  Futuo.     "  And  is  again  to  cope  your  wife/' 
Othello,  iv.  1. 

'8)  An  error,  or  fault.     (A.-N.) 

'9)  To  give  way.     Warw. 

10)  To  pare  a  hawk's  beak. 

COPEMAN.    A  chapman,  or  merchant. 

COPENTANK.     See  Copatain. 

COPERONE.    A  pinnacle.     Pr.  Parv. 

COPESMATE.  A  companion,  or  friend.  See 
Dent's  Pathway,  p.  305  j  Brit.  Bibl.  ii.  540. 

COP-HALFPENNY.  The  game  of  chuck-far- 
thing, played  with  halfpence. 

COP-HEAD.  A  crest  of  feathers  or  tuft  of  hair 
on  the  head  of  an  animal.  Copped,  crested. 
"  Coppet,  huppe"  Reliq.  Antiq.  ii.  80. 

COPIE.    Plenty.     (Lat.) 

COPINER.    A  lover.    (A.-S.) 

COPIOUS.    Plentiful/  (Lot.} 

COPPE.    A  cup,  or  basin.    (A.-N.) 

COPPEL.    A  small  cup.    (Fr~) 

COPPER-CLOUTS.    Spatterdashes.    Devon. 

COPPERFINCH.    A  chaffinch.     West. 

COPPER-ROSE.    The  red  field  poppy. 

COPPET.     Saucy ;  impudent.     North. 

COPPID.  Peaked,  referring  to  the  fashion  of 
the  long-peaked  toe.  "  Galoches  y-couped," 
Piers  Ploughman,  p.  370.  "  Couped  shone," 
Torrent  of  Portugal,  p.  51.  "'  Shone  decopid," 
Rom.  of  the  Rose,  843. 

Stond  on  hir  tois  coppid  as  a  lark, 
Putte  oute  hir  voyse  and  lowde  will  syng, 
That  all  the  strete  therof  shall  ryng. 

MS.  Laud.  416,  f.  52. 

COPPIE.    A  dram.    North. 

COPPIN.  A  piece  of  yarn  taken  from  the  spin- 
dle. North. 

COPPING.    A  fence.    North. 

COPPLE-CROWNED.  With  a  head  high,  and 
rising  up,  spoken  of  a  boy  with  hair  standing 
up  on  the  crown  of  his  head,  of  a  bird  with  a 
tuft  of  feathers  on  its  crown.  GqgpuU  is  a 


COR 


270 


COH 


name  for  a  hen  in  the  Turnainent  of  Totten- 
ham. 

COPPLING.    Unsteady.    East. 

COPPROUS.    A  syllabub. 

COPPY.  (1)  A  coppice.     West. 

(2)  A  child's  stool ;  a  foot-stool.  North.  "  Col- 
rakus  and  cqpstolus,"  Reliq.  Antiq.  i.  86. 

COP-ROSE.  Same  as  copper-rose,  q.  v.  Also, 
copperas,  vitriol,  Keimett,  p.  55. 

COPS.  (1)  A  connecting  crook  of  a  harrow, 
West. 

(2)  Balls  of  yarn.    Lane. 

COP  SAL.  A  piece  of  iron  which  terminates  the 
front  of  a  plough. 

COPSE.  To  cut  brushwood,  tufts  of  grass,  &c. 
Dorset. 

COPSE-LAUREL.    The  spurge  laurel. 

COPSES.    See  Cop  (6). 

COPSON.  A  fence  placed  on  the  top  of  a  small 
dam  laid  across  a  ditch.  South. 

COPT.    Convex.    North. 

COPT-KNOW.  The  top  of  a  conical  hill.  North. 

COP-UP.    To  relinquish.    East. 

COP-WEB.   A  cobweb,     Var.  dial 

COPY.    To  close  in. 

CORACLE.  A  small  boat  for  one  person,  made 
of  wicker-work,  covered  with  leather  or  hide, 
and  pitched  over,  so  light  as  to  be  easily  car- 
ried on  the  back.  West. 

CORAGE.  Heart ;  inclination ;  spirit ;  courage. 
(A.-N.) 

CORALLE.    Dross ;  refuse.    (A.-N.) 

CORANCE.  Currants.  See  Brit.  Bibl.  ii.  402 ; 
Lilly's  Endimion,  ed.  1632,  sig.  E.  i. ;  Forme 
of  Cury,  p.  70. 

CORANT.    Running.    (A.-N.) 

CORANTO.  A  kind  of  dance,  with  rapid  and 
lively  movements. 

CORASEY.    Vexation.   Hall 

CORAT.  The  name  of  a  dish  described  in  the 
Forme  of  Cury,  p.  15. 

CORBEL.  In  architecture,  a  projection  or 
bracket  from  a  wall  or  pillar  to  support  some 
weight.  Corle  is  also  found  in  Elizabethan 
writers.  Cor  bet-stony  s,  Kennett,  p.  55.  Cor- 
bettis,  House  of  Fame,  iii.  214.  Corlel-talle, 
according  to  Willis,  the  upper  table  below  the 
battlements. 

CORBETTES.    Gobbets.     Warner. 

CORBIN-BONE.  The  bone  between  the  anus 
and  bladder  -of  an  animal,  La  Chasse  du  Cerf, 
Paris,  1840.  ' 

Then  take  out  the  shoulders  slitting  anone, 
The  belly  to  the  side  to  the  corbin-bone. 

EoeTce  of  Hunting,  1586. 

CORBO.    A  thick-hafted  knife. 

CORBY.  A  carrion  crow  ;  also,  a  raven.  North. 
Hall  uses  corbyn,  Henry  VIII.  f.  77,  but  con- 
siders it  necessary  to  enter  into  a  full  expla- 
nation of  the  word. 
GORGE.  (1)  To  chop,  or  exchange. 
(2)  Body;  stomach.    (A.-N.) 

He  start  to  hym  wyth  gret  force, 
And  hy  t  hym  egurly  on  the  corce. 

MS.  Cantab.  Ff.  ii,  38,  f,  154. 


CORD.  (1)  A  cord  of  wood,  a  piece  8  ffc.  by  4  ft. 
and  4  ft.  thick.   Also,  a  stack  of  wood.    Cord- 
wood,  wood,  roots,  &c.  set  up  in  stacks. 
(2)  Accord.     Weber. 
CORDANLI.     In  accordance. 
CORDE.    To  accord ;  to  agree.  (A.-N.) 
Kur  hart  to  hym  can  corde, 
For  to  have  hym  to  hur  lorde. 

MS.  Cantab.  Ff.  ii.  38,  f.  121. 

CORDELLES.    Twisted  cords  ;  tassels. 

CORDEMENT.    Agreement.    (A.-N.) 
He  kyssyd  hur  at  that  cordement. 

MS.  Cantab,  Ff.  ii.  38,  f.  103. 

CORDEVAN.  Spanish  leather,  from  Cordova  (or 
Corduba)  a  place  formerly  celebrated  for  its 
manufacture.  Also  spelt  cordewayne,  cordo- 
weyne,  &c.  See  Arch.  xi.  93 ;  Cov.  Myst.  p. 
241 ;  Brit.  Bibl.  ii.  401 ;  Hakluyt,  1599,  i.  189; 
Beaumont  and  Fletcher,  ii.  24 ;  Davenant's 
Madagascar,  ed.  1648,  p.  19.  Although  ori- 
ginally made  in  Spain,  cordevan  leather  was 
afterwards  manufactured  mostly  in  England 
from  goat-skin. 

CORDINER.    A  shoemaker. 

CORDLY.     A  tunny. 

CORDONE.  An  honorary  reward  given  to  a 
successful  combatant. 

CORDY.    Made  of  cord. 

CORE.  (1)  To  sweep  a  chimney. 

(2)  A  disease  in  sheep.    Devon. 

(3)  The  middle  of  a  rick  when  the  outside  has 
been  cut  away  all  round. 

(4)  Chosen.    Chron.  Vilod.  p.  121.     «  Icham 
coren  king,"  Gy  of  Warwike,  p.  428. 

CORELLAR.    A  corollary.    Palsgrave. 
CORERCIOUS.    Corpulent ;  corsy. 
CORESED.    Harnessed.     (A.-N.) 
CORESUR.    A  courier.     (A.-N.) 
CORETTE.    To  correct. 
CORF.    A  large  coal-basket.    There  is  a  basket 

used  for  taking  fish  also  so  called. 
CORFOUR.    The  curfew,     (A.-N.) 
CORFY.    To  rub.     North. 
CORHNOTE.     Cidamum,  lot. 
CORIANDER-SEED.    Money. 
CORINTH.    A  brothel.    ShaA. 
CORINTHIAN.    A  debauched  man. 
CORKE.    The  core  o£  fruit. 
CORKED.     OffendedA  Var.  dial 
CORKER.    A  scolding.""  Var.  dial 
CORKES.    Bristles. 
CORKS.    Cinders.    Lane. 
CORLE.    To  strike,  or  pat.    Becon. 
CORLET-SHOES.    Raised  cork-shoes. 
CORLU.   A  curlew. 
CORMARYE.    A  dish  in  ancient  cookery,  de- , 

scribed  in  the  Forme  of  Cury,  p.  3 1. 
CORME.  The  service-tree.  (A.-N.) 
CORMORANT.  A  servant.  Jonson. 
CORN.  (1)  Chosen.  (A.-S.) 

(2)  A  grain  of  salt,  &c.  Corned-  leefis  salted  beef. 

(3)  Oats.    North. 

CORNAGE.  A  tenure  which  obliges  the  land- 
holder to  give  notice  of  an  invasion  by  blow- 
ing a  horn. 


COR 


271 


con 


CORNALL.  The  head  of  a  tilting  lance.  See 
Lybeau's  Disconus,  1604 ;  Richard  Goer  de 
Lion.  297.  Also  a  coronal,  or  little  crown, 
as  in  Lydgate's  Minor  Poems,  p.  8. 

CORNALYN.     Cornelian. 

CORN-BIND.     Wild  convolvolus. 

CORN-COCKLE.     Corn  campion. 

CORN-CRAKE.     The  land-rail. 

CORNDER.    A  receding  angle.     Devon. 

CORNED.  (1)  Intoxicated.    Salop. 

(2)  Furnished  with  grain.    North. 

(3)  Peaked;    pointed.     See   Skelton,  L  149; 
Collier's  Old  Ballads,  p.  29. 

CORNEL.  (1)  A  corner.  West.  "  The  cornel 
of  the  quadrant,"  MS.  Sloane  213. 

(2)  A  kernel.     See  Euphues  Golden  Legacie, 
p.  74 ;  Prayse  of  Nothing,  1585 ;  Dial.  Creat. 
Moral,  p.  22. 

(3)  A  frontal.     Pr.  Parv. 

(4)  An  embrasure  on  the  walls  of  a  castle. 
(A.-N.)     See  Kyng  Alis.  7210. 

With  six  stages  ful  of  towrelles, 
Wei  flourished  with  cornelles. 

Richard  Coer  de  Lion,  1842. 

CORNELIUS-TUB.  The  sweating-tub  of  Cor- 
nelius, formerly  used  for  the  cure  of  a  certain 
disease. 

CORNEMUSE.  A  rustic  instrument  of  music, 
blown  like  our  bagpipe.  That  it  was  not 
identical  with  the  bagpipe,  as  Nares  supposes, 
seems  clear  from  Lydgate's  Minor  Poems, 
p.  200,  where  a  distinction  is  made  between 
the  two.  "  With  cornuse  and  clariones,"  MS. 
Morte  Arthure,  f.  72. 

Of  bombarde  and  of  clarion, 
With  cornemisa  and  schalinele. 

Gotber,  MS.  Soc.  Antiq*  134,  f.  245. 
CORNER.    A  point  at  whist. 
CORNER-TILE.    A  gutter-tile. 
CORNET.  (1)  A  small  conical  piece  of  bread. 

Warner's  Antiq.  Cul.  p,  101. 
(2)  Same  as  coffin,  q.  v. 
CORNICHON.    A  kind  of  game,  very  similar 

to  quoits,     (Fr.) 
COBNISH.    The  ring  placed  at  the  mouth  of  a 

cannon. 
CORNISH-HUG.    A  particular  lock  practised 

by  the  Cornish  wrestlers. 
CORNIWILLEN.     A  lapwing.     Cornw. 
CORNLAITERS.   Newly  married  peasants  who 

beg  corn  to  sow  their  first  crop  with. 
CORN-ROSE.    The  wild  poppy. 
CORNWALL.    A  woman  who    cuckolds  her 

husband  was  said  to  send  him  into  Cornwall 

without  a  boat. 
CORNY.  (1)  Tipsy.     Far.  dial. 

(2)  Abounding  in  corn.    East. 

(3)  Tasting  well  of  malt.     (A.-S.)     "  Cornie 
aile,"  new  ale,  Christmas  Carols,  p.  47. 

CORODY.  A  sum  of  money  or  an  allowance  of 
food  and  clothing  allowed  by  an  abbot  out  of 
a  monastery  to  the  king  for  the  maintenance 
of  any  one  of  his  servants.  A  corody  could 
be  purchased  on  a  plan  similar  to  our  an- 
nuities. 


CORONAL.    A  crown,  or  garland. 

With  kelle  and  with  corenalle  clenliche  arrayede. 

Morte  Arthure,  US.  Lit.  coin,  f.  87 

CORONEL.    A  colonel.    (Span.} 

COROUN.    A  crown.    (A.-N.) 

Ryche  ladyys  of  grete  renouns 
They  do  make  hem  ryche  coronas. 

MS.  Harl  1701,  f  22. 

COROUNMENT.    Coronation.    (A.-NJ 

COROUR.    A  courser.    (A.-N.) 

CORP.  A  corpse.  North.  Middleton  has  this 
form  of  the  word. 

CORPHUN.    A  herring. 

CORPORAL.  A  corporal  of  the  field  was  one 
who  guarded  and  arranged  the  shot  or  arms  of 
the  soldiers  on  the  field  of  battle. 

CORPORAS.  The  cloth  which  was  placed  be- 
neath the  consecrated  elements  in  the  sacra- 
ment. 

CORPORATION-SEATS.  The  large  square 
pew  in  some  churches  generally  appropriated 
to  strangers. 

CORPORATURE.  A  man's  body,  or  corpora- 
tion, as  we  still  say.  See  the  Man  in  the 
Moone,  1657,  p.  74. 

CORPSE-CANDLE.  A  thick  candle  used  for- 
merly at  lake-wakes.  Aubrey,  p.  176,  men- 
tions a  kind  of  fiery  apparition  so  called. 

CORRETIER.    A  horse-dealer. 

CORRID -HONEY.    Hard,  candied  honey. 

CORRIGE.    To  correct.    (A.-N.) 

CORRIN.   A  crown.     (A.-N.) 

CORRIVAL.  A  partner  in  affection ;  a  rival. 
In  a  Description  of  Love  by  W.  C.  1653,  is  a 
poem,  "  To  his  love  fearing  a  corrival" 

CORROSY.    A  grudge ;  ill-will.     Devon. 

CORRUMPABLE.   Corruptible.  (A.-N.) 

CORRUMPE.    To  corrupt.    (A.-N.)  ' 

CORRUPTED.    Ruptured.    Suffolk. 

CORRYNE-POWDER.  Corn  powder,  a  fine 
kind  of  gunpowder. 

CORS.  (1)  The  shaft  of  a  pinnacle.  Willis's 
Arch.  Nom.  p.  71. 

(2)  The  body.   (A.-N.}  The  body  of  a  chariot 
was  sometimes  so  called. 

(3)  Course.    Weber. 

CORSAINT.  A  holy  body;  a  saint.     (A.-N.} 

See  Piers  Ploughman,  p.  109 ;  Langtoft,  pp. 

44,  308. 

He  sekez  seyntez  bot  seldene,  the  sorere  he  grypez 
That  thus  clekys  this  corsaunt  owte  of  thir  heghe  clyffez. 
Morte  Arthure t  MS.  Lincoln,  f.  65. 
We  never  hadde  they  a  men  dement, 
That  we  herde,  at  any  corseynt. 

MS.  Harl.  1701,  f.  61. 
CORSARY.    A  pirate. 
CORSE.  (1)  To  curse.    (A.-JS.) 
(2)  Silk  riband  woven  or  braided.    "  Corse  of  a 

gyrdell,  tissu"  Palsgrave. 
CORSERE.    A  horseman.    Also  a  war-horse,  as 

in  Todd's  Illustrations,  p.  214  j  and  sometimes, 

a  horse-dealer. 
CORSEY.    An  inconvenience  or  grievance.  See 

Dent's  Pathway,  pp.  306, 369  j  Tusser,  p.  32 

Stanihurst,  p.  25.' 
CORSD^G.   Horse-dealing, 


cos  272 


COT? 


COBSIVE.    Corrosive. 

CORSPRESAOT.    A  mortuary. 

COKS Y.    Fat ;  unwieldy. 

CORTEISE.    Courtesy.    Also  an  adjective. 

Launcelot  lokys  he  uppon, 
How  corteite  was  in  hym  more 
Then  evyr  was  in  any  man. 

MS.  Harl.  2252,  f.  113. 
CORTER.    A  cloth. 
CORTESLICHE.    Courteously. 
CORTEYSEAR.    More  courteous. 
CORTINE.    A  curtain. 
CORTS.    Carrots.    Somerset. 
CORTYL.    A  kirtle. 
CORUNE.    See  Coroun. 
CORVE.    About  the  eighth  of  a  ton  of  coals. 
Boxes  used  in  coal  mines  are  also  called  corves. 
CORVEN.    Carved ;  cut.     (^/.-£) 
Corvene  wyndowb  of  glase, 
With  joly  bandis  of  brase. 

JUS.  Lincoln  A.  i.  17.  f-  136. 
The  wode  was  waliyd  abowte, 
And  wele  corvyn  wyth  ryche  ston. 

MS.  Cantab.  Ff.  ii.  38,  f.  64. 
With  mannys  hondes  as  sche  were  wroghte, 
Or  corvyn  on  a  tree.  MS.  Ibid.  f.  69. 

CORVISOR.    A  shoemaker. 
CORWYN.    Curved.    Arch.  xxx.  406. 
CORY.    A  shepherd's  cot.    Pr.  Parv. 
CORYAR.    A  currier.    (Lat.) 
CORYED.    Curried ;  drubbed. 
CORYNA.LLE.    Same  as  eornatt,  q.  v. 

The  schafte  was  strong  over  alle, 

And  a  welle  schaped  corynalle, 

MS.  Cantab.  Ff.  ii.  38,  f.  247- 

CORYS.   Course. 

Ne  jytthe  love  off  paramours, 
Woche  ever  athe  be  the  comyn  corys 
Among  them  that  lusty  were. 

MS.  Cantab.  Ff.  i.  6,  f.  5. 

CORZIED.    Grieved    From  Corsey. 

COS.  (1)  Because.     Var.  dial 

(2)  A  kiss.    Audelay,  p.  60. 

COSEY.    Snug ;  comfortable.    Also  a  term  for 

half  tipsy. 
COSH.  (1)  The  husk  of  corn.    East. 

(2)  Quiet ;  still.    Salop. 

(3)  A  cottage,  or  hovel.     Craven.    This  term 
occurs  in  Prompt.  Parv. 

COSHERING.  A  set  feast  made  in  Ireland  of 
noblemen  and  their  tenants,  who  sat  the  whole 
time  on  straw.  The  coshering  was  always  ac- 
companied with  harper's  music.  See  a  cu- 
rious description  in  Stanihurst,  p.  45. 

COSIER.    A  cobbler. 

COSIN.    A  cousin,  or  kinsman. 

COSINAGE.    Kindred.    (A.-N.) 

And  how  he  stood  of  cosinags 

To  the  emperoure,  made  hem  asswage. 

Goiver,  MS.  Soc.  Antiq.  134,  f,  47. 
COSP.    The  cross  bar  at  the  top  of  a  spade. 

The  fastening  of  a  door  is  also  so  called. 
COSSE.    A  kiss.    (A.-S.)    See  Reliq.  Antiq.  i. 

29  ;  Gy  of  Warwike,  p.  203. 
COSSET.    A  pet  lamb.     Hence  a  pet  of  any 

Mud.    Also,  to  fondle. 
COSSHEN.    A  cushion. 


COSSICAL.    Algebraical.    Digges,in  1579,  de- 

scribed  the  "  Arte  of  numbers  cossicatt." 
COST.  (1)  Loss,  or  risk.    North. 

(2)  The  mantagreta,  hot. 

(3)  A  dead  body.    Devon. 

(4)  A  side,  or  region.     (A.-N.) 

(5)  A  rib.    East. 

(6)  Manner ;  business  ;  quality.     "  Swych  costus 
to  kythe,"  Degrevant,  364. 

(7)  "  Nedes  cost,"  a  phrase  equivalent  to  post" 
tively.    Chaucer,  Cant.  T.  1479. 

COSTAGE.  Cost;  expense.  (A.-N.)  "To 
duelle  at  his  costage"  Lincoln  MS.  f.  134. 

COSTARD.  (1)  A  kind  of  large  apple.  Hence 
costard-monger,  or  costermonger,  a  seller  of 
apples ;  one,  generally,  who  kept  a  stall.  Me- 
taphorically, the  head  is  called  a  costard. 

(2)  A  flask,or  flasket.  Urry's  MS.  additions  to  Ray. 

COSTE.    To  tempt.    Verstegan. 

COSTED.    Richly  ornamented. 

COSTEIANT.    Coasting.    (A.-N.) 

The  grete  soldan  thanne  of  Perse 
Hath  in  a  marche  costeiant. 

Gower,  MS.  Soc.  Antiq,  134,  f.  78. 

COSTEK    Cast.  Langtoft,  p.  106. 

COSTENED.     Cost. 

COSTERING.  (1)  A  carpet. 

(2)  Swaggering ;  blustering.    Salop. 

COSTERS.  Pieces  of  tapestry  used  on  the  sides 
of  tables,  beds,  &c.  See  Test.  Vetust.  p.  228. 
"  Costerdes  covered  with  whyte  and  blewe," 
Squyr  of  Lowe  Degre,  833. 

COSTIOUS.    Costly. 

COSTLEWE.     Expensive ;  costly. 

COSTLY.     Costive.    East. 

COSTLY-COLOUBS.    A  game  at  cards. 

COSTMOUS.    Costly.    Hearne. 

COSTNING.     Temptation.     P'erstegan. 

COSTREL.  A  small  wooden  bottle  used  by  la- 
bourers  in  harvest  time.  The  ancient  drink- 
ing cup  so  called  was  generally  made  of  wood. 
Vasa  qu&dam  qua  costretti  vocantur,  Matth. 
Paris.  See  Hartshorne's  Met.  Tales,  p.  56. 
Spelt  costret  in  MS.  Lansd.  560,  f.  45, 

COSTY.     Sumptuous  \  costly. 

COSTYFHED.    Costiveness. 

COSY.    A  husk,  shell,  or  pod.    Beds. 

COT.  (1)  A  finger-stall.    East. 

(2)  Same  as  cosp,  q.  v. 

(3)  Refuse  wool.    North. 

(4^  A  man  who  interferes  in  the  kitchen.  North. 

(5)  A  small  bed,  or  cradle. 

(6)  A  pen  for  cattle. 

(7)  A  coat.    (A~N.) 

COTAGRE.    A  sumptuous  dish  described  in  the 

Forme  of  Cury,  p.  79.    ' 
COTCHED.    Caught.    Var.  dial 
COTCHEL.    A  sack  partly  full.    South, 
COTE.  (1)  To  coast,  or  keep  alongside.    (Fr.) 

Also,  a  pass  or  go-by. 

(2)  In  hunting,  when  the  greyhound  goes  end* 
ways  by  his  fellow,  and  gives  the  hare  a  turn* 
Often  used  in  the  sense,  to  overtake, 

(3)  A  cottar.     (A.-S.) 

(4)  A  salt-p  t. 


ecu 


273 


COU 


COTE-ARMURE.  An  upper  garment,  worn 
over  the  armour,  and  generally  ornamented 
with  armorial  bearings. 

COTED.  (1)  Quoted.    (Fr.) 

C2)  Braided.  Is  this  the  meaning  in  Shakespeare  ? 

COTE-HARDY.  A  close-fitting  body  garment, 
buttoned  all  the  way  down  the  front,  and 
reaching  to  the  middle  of  the  thigh. 

COTERELLE.    A  cottager.    Pr.  Parv. 

COTERET.    A  faggot. 

COTGARE.    Refuse  wool.    Shunt, 

GOTH.  A  disease.  (^.-£)  Cothy,  faint,  sickly. 
East.  Browne  has  cothish. 

COTHE.  (1)  Quoth ;  saith. 

(2)  To  faint.     East. 

COTHISH,     Morose.     Ray. 

COTJDIANLICH.    Daily.     (A.-N.) 

To  strengths  also  his  body  and  his  lyraes  in  exer- 
cise and  use  cotidianlich,  that  is  to  sey,  day  after 
day,  in  dedes  of  armes. 

VegeciiiSf  MS.  Douce  291,  f,  5. 

COTINGE.    Cutting.    (^.-£) 

COT -LAMB.    A  pet-lamb.    Suffolk. 

GOTLAND.  Land  held  by  a  cottager  in  soc- 
cage  or  villenage.  Kennett. 

COT-QUEAN.  An  idle  fellow ;  one  who  busies 
himself  in  base  things ;  a  man  who  interferes 
with  females'  business.  A  term  of  contempt. 
Perhaps  a  corruption  of  cock-quean,  q.  v. 

COTSWOLD-LIONS.  Sheep.  "  Have  at  the 
lyons  on  cotsolde"  Thersites,  ap.  Collier,  ii. 
401. 

COTTAGE-HOUSEN.     Cottages.     Wilts. 

COTTED.  Matted;  entangled.  Line.  Also 
pronounced  cottered,  and  cotty. 

GOTTEN.    To  beat  soundly.    Eocmoor. 

COTTER.  (1)  To  mend  or  patch.    Salop. 

(2)  To  fasten.     Leic. 

(3)  To  be  bewildered.     West. 

COTTERIL.  (1)  A  small  iron  wedge  for  securing 
a  bolt.  Also  called  a  cotter.  The  term  is 
applied  to  various  articles  implying  this  de- 
finition. 

(2)  A  cottage.    Kennett. 

(3)  A  piece  of  leather  at  the  top  and  bottom  of 
a  mop  to  keep  it  together.     Line. 

(4)  A  pole  for  hanging  a  pot  over  the  kitchen 
fire.     South. 

(5)  The  small  round  iron  plate  in  the  nut  of  a 
wheel. 

COTTERILS.    Money.    North. 
,  COTTERLIN.    A  cosset  lamb.    East. 

COTTING.    Folding  sheep  in  a  barn.     Heref. 

COTTON.  To  agree ;  to  get  on  well ;  to  suc- 
ceed, or  prosper.,  Var.  dial.  It  is  a  common 
archaism. 

COTTYER.  A  cottager.  Hall.  It  occurs  also 
in  Piers  Ploughman,  p.  529. 

COTYING.     The  ordure  of  a  rabbit. 

COTZERIE.    Cheating.    (Ital) 

COUCH.  (1)  A  bed  of  barley  when  germinating 
for  malt. 

If  the  grain  "be  of  a  dark  colour,  and  many  corns 
have  browHrehds,  we  judge  them  to  have  been  heated 
in  the  mow,  and  they  seldom  come  well  in  the 
couch.  Aubrey's  Wilts,  MS.  Royal  Soo>  p.  304, 


(2)  To  squat,  said  of  the  boar,  sometimes  of  the 
hare  or  rabbit. 

(3)  Left-handed.    East. 

(4)  A  den ;  a  small  chamber  of  any  kind. 
COUCHE.     To  lay,  or  place.    (4.-N.)    Fre- 
quently applied  technically  to  artists'  work. 

A  lie  of  palle  werke  fyne 
Cowchide  with  newyne. 

MS.  Lincoln  A.  i.  17,  f.  133. 

COUCHER.    A  setter. 

COUCH-GRASS.    A  kind  of  coarse  bad  grass 

which  grows  very  fast  in  arable  land. 
COUD.  (1)  Cold;  called.  "North. 
(2)  Knew ;  was  able.    Pa.  t. 
COUF.     A  cough.     Craven. 
COUFLE.    A  tub.     Rob.  Glouc.  p.  265. 
COIIGH-OUT.    To  discover. 
COUHERDELY.    Cowardly. 

Who  mijt  do  more  couherdely  ? 

Cursor  Mundi,  MS.  Coll.  Trin.  Cantab,  f.  141. 
COUL.  (1)  To  pull  down.    North. 

(2)  Cole,  or  cabbage.    Somerset. 

(3)  A  large  wooden  tub.    Formerly,  any  kind  ot 
cup  or  vessel. 

(A)  To  scrape  earth  together.    North* 

(5)  A  swelling  or  abscess.     Yor&sh. 
COULD. '  See  Coud  (2).   With  the  infinitive 

mood  it  expresses  a  past  tense,  as  could  be 

was,  could  take,  took,  &c. 
COULDE.    To  chill,  or  make  cold. 
COULING-AXE.     An  instrument  used  to  stock 

up  earth.     Salop. 
COULPE.    A  fault.    (^.-M) 
COULPENED.    Carved ;  engraved,    (A.-N.) 
COUL-RAKE.    A  scraper.    North. 
COULTER.    A  plough-share. 
COUNDUE.    To  guide,  or  conduct. 
COUNDUTE.    A  song.    (A.-N.} 
COUNFORDE.    Comfort.    (A<Jf.) 
COUNGE.  (1)  To  beat.    Northumb. 

(2)  A  large  lump.    North. 

(3)  Permission.    (A.-N.} 

They  enclined  to  the  kyng,  and  coung6  thay  askede. 
Aforte  Arthurs,  MS.  Line.  f.  58. 

COUNGER.  To  shrink;  Chester  Plays,  i.  16. 
To  conjure ;  ib.  ii.  35. 

COUNSEL.  (1)  Secret;  private;  silence. 

(2)  To  gain  the  affections.     North. 

COUNT.  To  account ;  to  esteem.  (A.-N.}  Also 
to  guess,  to  expect  eagerly. 

COUNTENANCE.  (1)  Importance;  account, 
In  old  law,  what  was  necessary  for  the  sup- 
port of  a  person  according  to  his  rank. 

(2)  Custom.     Gawayne. 

COUNTER.  (1)  Hounds  are  said  to  hunt  counter 
when  they  hunt  backward  the  way  the  chase 
came ;  to  run  counter,  when  they  mistake  the 
direction  of  their  game. 

(2)  To  sing  an  extemporaneous  part  upon  the 
plain  chant. 

(3)  A  coverlet  for  a  bed. 
COUNTER-BAR.  A  long  bar  for  shop  windows. 

Counter-barred,  shut  in.  with  .a  bar  on  tbe' 
outside. 

COUNTER-CHECK,  A  check  against  a  check; 
an  order  to  reverse  another  order, 
18 


cou 


274 


COU 


COUNTERS    An  arithmetician.     (A.-N.) 

Ther  is  no  countere  nor  clerke 

Con  hem  reken  alle.     MS.  Con.  Calig.  A.  ii.  f.  110- 

COUNTERFEIT.     A  portrait,  or  statue.     A 

piece  of  bad  money  was  also  so  called,  and 

imitation  crockery  was  known  as  counterfeits. 

30UNTERPAINE.    The  counterpart  of  a  deed. 

See  Hall,  Henry  IV.  f.  12;  Greene,  i.  70. 
DOUNTERPASE.    The  counterpoise.     (A.-N.) 
"  The  countrepase  was  light,"  Lydgate,  p.  50. 
COUNTERPLETE.    To  plead  against.   (A.-N.) 
Ageyn  the  trouthe  who  so  evere  stryve, 
Or  countei-plete  or  make  any  .debat. 

MS.  Digby  232,  f.  2. 

COUNTERPOINT.    A  counterpane. 
COUNTERS.     Pieces  resembling  money  for- 
merly used  in  calculations. 
COUNTERWAITE.  To  watch  against.  (A.-N.) 
COUNTIS.    Accounts. 
COUNTISE.    Art;  cunning.    (A.-N.) 
COUNTOUR.  (1)  A  treasurer.    (A.-N.) 
(2)  A  compting-house.     Chaucer. 
POUNTRE.    To  encounter. 
COUNTRETAILLE.     A  tally  answering  exactly 

to  another.    (A.-N.) 
COUNTRIES.  The  under-ground  works  in  some 

mines  are  so  called. 
COUNTRY.    A  cpunty.    J7ar.  dial. 
COUNTRIFIED.    Rustical    Var.  dial. 
COUNTRY-SIDE.    A  tract  or  district.    North, 
COUNTRY-TOMS.    Bedlam-beggars,  q.  v. 

In  —  has  one  property  of  a  scholar,  poverty : 

you  would  take  him  for  Country  Tom  broke  loose 

from  the  gallows. 

Midsummer  Moon,  or  Lunacy  Rampant*  1660. 
COUNTRY-WIT.    Coarse,  indelicate  wit. 
COUNTY.   A  count ;  a  nobleman.  "  Countie  an 

erledome,  contt"  Palsgrave. 
COUNTYRFE.    To  contrive. 
COUP.    To  empty  or  overset.    North. 
COUPABLE.    Guilty;  culpable.    (A<-N.) 
COUPAGE.    A  carving,  or  cutting  up. 
COUP-CART.     A  short   team.    North.     "A 

coupe-waine,"  Sharp's  Chron.  Mirab.  p.  7. 

Rather,  a  long  cart  ?    See  Coop  (2). 
COUPCREELS.    A  summerset.    Cumb. 
COUPE.  (1)  A  basket.    Ellis,  iii.  133. 

(2)  A  cup ;  a  vat.    (A.-N.) 

Of  hys  cowpe  heservyd  hym  on  a  day, 
In  the  knyghtys  chaumbur  he  laye. 

MS.  C?ntab.  Ff.  ii  38,  f.  1<<7. 

(3)  A  coop  for  poultry. 

(4)  A  piece  cut  off.   Minsheu.   Also,  to  cut  with 
a  sword  or  knife. 

(5)  To  blame.    (A.-S.) 
COUPE-GORGE.    A  cut-throat.     (A.-N.) 
COUPING.   An  onset  5  an  encounter. 
COUPIS.    Coping. 

COUPLING.    A  junction.    North. 
COUPRAISE.    A  lever.    North. 
COURAGE.     Heart.     (A.-N.)     Also,  to  em- 
bolden or  encourage. 
€OURA£E.    Cauliculus,  lot. 
COURBE.    Curved;  bent. 

Hire  nefcke  isschorte,  hire  sclmldris  cowls, 
That  myjte  a  mannis  luste  destourbe. 

Cower,  MS.  Soc.  Antiq,  134,  f.  49. 


COURBULY.    Tanned  leather.     (A.-N.) 
COURBYNG.    Strengthening  a  vessel  by  bands 

or  hoops. 
COURCHEF.    A  kind  of  cap. 

Her  courcheft  were  curious, 
Hir  face  gay  and  gracyous. 

MS.  Lincoln  A.  i.  17,  f.  333. 

COURDEL.    A  small  cord.    Salop. 

COURE.  (1)  Heart;  courage.    (A.-N.) 

(2)  To  crouch  down.  (A.-N.)  Often  applied  to 
a  brooding  hen.  See  Florio,  p.  129  ;  Wright's 
Pol.  Songs,  p.  157  ;  Morte  d' Arthur,  ii.  195. 
"  The  kyng  coueris  the  cragge,"  MS.  Morte 
Arthure,  i.  e.  creeps  up  it. 

COURL.    To  rumble.    North. 

COURSER-MAN.    A  groom. 

COURT.  The  principal  house  in  a  village.  Also, 
a  yard  to  a  house,  which  is  also  called  a 
courtain. 

COURT-CUPBOARD.  A  moveable  sideboard, 
generally  covered  with  plate,  and  in  fact  used 
solely  for  that  purpose,  without  drawers. 

COURT-DISH.  A  kind  of  drinldng-cup  so  called. 
Gifford  sadly  blunders  on  the  word  in  his  ed. 
of  Jonson,  v.  380. 

COURTELAGE.  Agarden,or  court-yard.  (A.-N.) 

COURTEPY.  A  short  cloak  of  coarse  cloth. 
(A.-N.)  CourtMes,  Skelton,  ii.  420. 

COURT -FOLD.   A  farm-yard.     Wore. 

COURT-HOLY-WATER.  Insincere  complimen- 
tary language.  *'  To  fill  one  with  hopes  or 
court-holy-water"  Florio,  p.  215,  See  Cot- 
grave  in  v.  Court,  Eau. 

COURTINE.  A  curtain.  Also,  to  hide  behind 
a  curtain. 

COURTING-CARDS.  Court  cards. 

COURT-KEEPER.  The  master  at  a  game  of 
racket,  or  ball. 

COURT-LAX.  Acurtle-ax. 

COURT-LODGE.   A  manor-house.    Kent. 

COURT-MAN.    A  courtier.    (A.-N.) 

COURT-NOLL.  A  contemptuous  or  familiar 
name  for  a  courtier.  See  Brit.  Bibl.  i.  108  ; 
Heywood's  Edward  IV.  p.  42  ;  Peele,  iii.  86. 

COURT-OF-GUARD.  The  place  where  the 
guard  musters. 

COURT-OF-LODGINGS.  The  principal  quad- 
rangle in  a  palace  or  large  house. 

COURT-ROLLER.  The  writer  or  keeper  of  the 
rolls  of  a  court  of  law. 

COURTSHIP.    Courtly  behaviour. 

COUSE.    To  change  the  teeth.    Warw.    For- 
.  merly,  to  exchange  anything,  as  in  the  Reliq, 
Antiq.  ii.  281. 

COUSIN.  A  kinsman.  (Fr.)  Often  a  familiar 
mode  of  address  to  a  friend.  Cousin  Betty, 
or  Cousin  Tom,  a  bedlamite  beggar ;  now  ap- 
plied to  a  mad  woman  or  man. 

COUTELAS.   A  cutlass,     (Fr.) 

COUTER.    A  plough-coulter.    North. 

COUTERE.  A  piece  of  armour  which  covered 
the  elbow. 

Bristea  the  rerebrace  with  the  bronde  ryche, 
Kerves  of  at  the  coutere  with  the  clene  egge. 
Moi-te  Arthurs, 


COY 


275 


COW 


COTJTHE.  (1)  To  make  known,  discover,  pub- 
lish.   (A.-S.) 

That  it  be  couthe  here  alle  opinly 
To  wite  in  soth  whether  I  in  chastite* 
Have  ledde  my  lyf  of  herte  faythfully. 

Lydgate,  MS,  Soc.  Antiq.  134,  f,  7. 

(2)  Affable ;  kind.     (A.-S.) 

(3)  A  cold.     North. 

(4)  Could,  part.  past. 
COUTHER.    To  comfort.    North. 
COUTHLY.    Familiarity. 

COUVER.    A  domestic  connected  with  a  court 

kitchen.    Ord.  and  Beg.  p.  331. 
COUWE.    Cold.    Hearne. 
COUWEE.    "  Byrne  couwee,"  versus  caudati, 

common  final  rhyme. 
COVANDE.    A  covenant.     (A.-N.) 
There  salle  he  se  me  at  hys  wylle, 
Thyne  covandes  for  to  fulfille. 

MS.  Lincoln  A.i.  17,  f.  116. 

COVART.    Secret.    (A.-jV.) 

COVAYTE.    To  covet  j  to  desire.    (A.-N.) 

In  Criste  thou  covayte  thi  solace, 

His  lufe  chaunge  thi  chere. 

MS.  Lincoln  A.  i.  1?,  f.  222. 

COVE.  (1)  A  cavern,  or  cave.    Also,  a  small 

harbour  for  boats, 
(2)  A  lean-to,  or  low  building  with  a  shelving 

roof. 

COVEITISE.     Covetousness. 
COVEL.    A  kind  of  coat.     (Belg.} 
COVENABLE.    Convenient ;  suitable.    Some- 

times  equivalent  to  needful. 
COVENAWNT.    Faithful,    ffitson. 
COYENT.    A  convent.    (A.-N.)     A  covenant, 

agreement,  MS.  Morte  Arthure. 
COYERAUNCE.    Recovery.     (A.-N.} 
COYERCHIEF.    Ahead-cloth.    (A.-N.) 
C07ERCLE.    A  pot-lid.    (A.-N.) 
COYERE.    To  recover.    (A.-N.}    To  regain, 

MS.  Morte  Arthure ;  Rel.  Ant.  ii.  86. 
Whan  Tryamowre  was  hole  and  sownde, 
And  coverede  of  hys  grevus  wounde- 

MS.  Cantab.  Ff.  ii.  38,  f. 

With  myrthe  and  game  them  betwene 

To  cwyr  hiv  of  hur  care.         MS.  Jbid.  f.  85. 

COYERLYGHT.     A  coverlet.    ff<sa  supellex 

tilis  est  superiv/s  indumentum  lecti,  Anglice  a 

coverlyght,  MS.  Bib.  Reg.  12  B.  i.  f.  13.     Co- 

verlyte,  Gesta  Rom.  p.  133. 
COYERNOUR.  A  governor. 
COYER-PAN.  A  pan  with  a  cover  used  in  the 

pantry. 
COVERT.  (1)  A  kind  of  lace  described  in  MS. 

HarL2320,f.  59. 

(2)  Secresy.  (A.-N.)  Also  an  adj.    Sometimes, 
covered. 

(3)  A  covering.     Cov*  Mysf.    Also,  a  cover  for 
game. 

COVERT-FEATHERS.  The  feathers  close  upon 

the  sarcels  of  a  hawk. 
COVERTINE,    A  covering. 
COVERTURE.    A  covering. 

jif  he  ever  thynke  his  bargayn  to  achev«, 
He  qwith  for  to  kepp  feym  tinder  the  coverture 
Of  trowthe  and  of  connyng,  thi$  I  yew  ensure, 
MS.  Cantab.  Ff.  i.  6,  f.  151 


iOVERYE.    To  take  care  of.      (A.-N.} 
COVETISE.    Covetousness.    CA.-N.) 

OVEY.  (1)  To  sit  or  hatch. 
^)  A  cover  for  game. 
(3)  A  close  room ;  a  pantry.  See  Davies'  Ancient 

Rites,  pp.  126,  142. 

CO  VINE.     Intrigue;  fraud;   deceit;  a  secret 
contrivance ;  art.  In  law,  a  deceitful  compact 
between  two  or  more  to  prejudice  a  third 
party.     Also  a  verb,  to  deceive.     Coviriliche, 
deceitfully,  Gy  of  "W'arwike,  p.  32. 
And  alle  that  are  of  here  coveynt 
Alle  she  bryngeth  to  helle  peyn. 

MS.  Hart.  1701,  f.  20. 
And  thus  by  sleyjte  and  by  covinef 
Aros  the  derthe  and  the  famyne. 

Gowe)-t  MS.  Soc.  4ntiq.  134,  f.  153. 
For  yff  thou  be  offsoche  covyne, 
To  gete  off  love  by  ravyne, 
Thy  lust  yt  may  the  falle  thus, 
As  yt  fylle  to  Tereus. 

MS.  Cantab.  Pf.  i.  6,  f.  3. 
And  whanne  they  be  covyned, 
They  faynen  for  to  make  a  pees. 

MS.  Soc.  Antiq.  134,  f.  45. 

COW.  (1)  The  moveable  wooden  top  of  a  malt- 
kin,  hop-house,  &c. 

(2)  To  frighten.  South.  Shakespeare  has  cowish, 
timid.    Also  a  substantive. 

(3)  To  scrape.     Craven. 
COW-BABY.    A  coward,    Somerset. 
COW-BERRIES.    Red  whortle-berries. 
COW-BLAKES.  Dried  cow-dung  used  for  fuel. 

Var.  dial. 

COW-CALF.    A  female  calf. 

COW-CAP.  A  metal  knob  put  on  the  tip  of  a 
cow's  horn.  West. 

COWCHE R.  A  book  in  which  the  transactions 
of  a  corporation  were  registered.  See  Le- 
landi  Bin.  iv.  182. 

COW-CLAP.  Cow-dung.  Cow-cfattin&,  spread- 
ing manure  on  the  fields. 

COW-CUMBER.  A  cucumber.  Var.  dial  This 
form  occurs  in  Holly.band'sDietionarie,  1593. 

COW-DAISY.    Same  as  cou^ptat,  q.  v. 

COWDE.  (1)  A  piece,  or  gobbet  of  meat. 

(2)  Obstinate ;  unmanageable,     West. 

(3)  Could. 
COWDEL.    Caudle. 

COWDY.  (1)  A  small  cow.     North. 

(2)  Pert ;  frolicsome.    North. 

COWED.    Cowardly;  timid.    North.    A  coW 

without  horns  is  called  cowed. 
COWEY.    Club-footed.    North. 
COW-EAT.    The  red  valerian. 
COWFLOP.    The  foxglove.    Devon. 
COW-FOOTED.    Club-footed.    North. 
COWGELL.    A  cudgel,    ffvtoet. 
COW-GRIPE.    A  gutter  in  a  cow-stall  to  carry 

off  the  filth, 

COW-GROUND.    Cow-pasture.     Ghue. 
COW-HERD.    A  cow-keeper. 
COW-JOCKEY.   A  beast-dealer.    North. 
COWK.  (1)  A  cow's  hoof.    Devon. 
(2)  To  strain  to  vomit.    North.     Also  pro* 

noun<$4  cowfcen  aad  cowftev* 


cox 


2/6 


CEA 


COWL.  (1)  To  cower  down.     North. 

(2)  See  Caul  and  Cow. 

(3)  A  poultry  coop.    Pr.  Parv. 
COW-LADY.     The  lady-bird. 

A  paire  of  buskins  they  did  bring 
Of  the  cow-lady es  corall  wing. 

fifusarum  DelicifB,  1656. 

COWLAY.    A  meadow  for  cows. 

COWLICK.  A  stiff  tuft  of  hair  on  a  cow.  Also 
the  same  as  calfticJc,  q.  v. 

COWLSTAFF.  A  staff  used  for  carrying  a  tub 
or  basket  that  has  two  ears.  See  Lambarde's 
Perambulation,  p.  367  ;  Strutt,  ii.  201. 

COWLTES.    Quilts.    Mapes.p.  334. 

COW-MIG.  The  drainage  of  a  cow-house  or 
dung-hill.  North. 

COW-MUMBLE.    The  cow-parsnip. 

COWNCE.    Counsel, 

COWNDER.    Confusion ;  trouble.    North. 

COWOD.    Cold.     Tundale. 

COW-PAR.    A  straw-yard.    Norf. 

COWPIN.    The  last  word.     North. 

COW-PLAT.    A  circle  of  cow-dung. 

COW-PRISE.    A  wood-pigeon.    North. 

COW-QUAKE.    Common  spurry.    East. 

jCOWRING.  A  term  in  falconry,  when  young 
hawks  quiver  and  shake  their  wings,  in  token 
of  obedience  to  the  old  ones. 

COWS.    Slime  ore.    North. 

COWS-AND-CALVES.     See  JBulls-and-cows. 

COWSE.  To  chase  animals.  Also,  to  walk  about 
'  idly.  West. 

COWSHARD.  Cow-dung.  Called  also  cow- 
s/tarn, cowscarn,  and  cows' -easinys.  See  Coo- 
per in  v,  Sccerab&w  ;  Cotgrave,  in  v.  Bouse  ; 
Gosson's  Schoole  of  Abuse,  1579;  Nash's 
Pierce  Penilesse,  1592;  Dekker's  Knight's 
Conjuring,  p.  31. 

Hartflies,  they  say,  are  bred  out  of  the  dung  of 
the  deer,  as  beetles  are  out  of  cow&horne. 

Aubrey's  Wilts,  Royal  Soc.  AfS.  p.  168. 

COWSHUT.    A  wood-pigeon.    North. 

COW-STRIPLINGS.  Cowslips,  North.  Brockett 
has  cow-sty 'apple.  A  cowstrople  in  the  month 
of  January,  1632,  was  considered  sufficiently 
curious  to  be  presented  as  a  new-year's  gift. 
See  Chron.  Mirab.  p.  21. 

COWT.    A  colt.     Far.  dial 

COWTHERED.    Recovered.    North. 

COWTHWORT.    The  motherwort. 

COW-TIE.  A  strong  rope  which  holds  the  cow's 
hind  legs  while  milking. 

COW-TONGUED.  Having  a  tongue  smooth 
one  way  and  rough  the  other,  like  a  cow. 
Hence  applied  to  one  who  gives  fair  or  foul 
language  as  may  suit  his  purpose. 

COW- WHEAT.    The  horse-flower. 

COW5E.    A  cough. 

COX.  Same  as  Cokes,  q.  v.  Hence  cox-comb, 
the  top  of  a  fool's  cap,  which  was  terminated 
with  a  cock's  head  and  comb.  Coxcomb  was 
applied  also  to  the  cap  and  head  of  a  fool. 
Coxe  is  apparently  an  adjective  in  Hawkins, 
i.  236,  unless  the  article  is  supplied,  as  in 
DodsJey.  Coxy,  conceited,  in  Warwickshire. 


Forby  has  coxy-roxy,  merrily  and  fantasti- 
cally tipsy. 

COXON.    A  cockswain. 

COY.  (1)  A  decoy.     Also,  to  decoy. 

(2)  A  coop  for-lobsters.    East. 

CO  YE.  (1)  To  quiet ;  to  soothe.     (A.-N.) 

(2)  To  move,  or  stir  in  anything. 

COYEA.    Quoth  you.     Yorksh. 

COYLLE.    A  coal. 

COYNFAYTES.    Comfits. 

COYNTELICHE,    Cunningly. 

COYSE.    Body.    (A.-N.) 

And  prively,  withoutenoyse, 
He  bryngeth  this  foule  gret  coyae. 

Cower,  MS.  Soc.  Antiq.  134,  f.  49. 

COYSELL.    A  consul,  or  judge.    (A.-N.) 
COYTES.    Quoits. 
COYVE.    A  coif. 

COZE.    To  converse  with  earnestly  and  fami- 
liarly.    South. 
CRA.    A  crow.    East. 
CRAB.  (1)  An  iron  trivet  to  set  over  a  fire.  Chesh. 

(2)  A  potato  apple.    Lane. 

(3)  To  break,  or  bruise.    North. 

CRABAT.    A  gorget,  or  riding-band.     Narea 

says,  a  cravat. 

CRABBAT.    Handsome ;  comely. 
CRABBUN.    A  dunghill  fowl. 
CRABE.    To  fight  one  with  another.     A  term 

in  falconry. 

CRABER.    The  water-rat. 
CRAB-LANTHORN.    An  apple-jack.     See  p. 

73.    Also,  a  cross,  forward  child. 
CRAB-VERJUICE.    Vinegar  made  from  crabs. 

Sometimes,  the  juice  itself. 
CRAB-WINDLASS.'   A  windlass  used  on  the 

deck  of  a  barge. 

CRACCHE.    To  scratch.    (^.-S.) 
CRACKED.     Infirm;  broken.    (Fr.)     CracJiy 

still  in  use  in  Shropshire. 
CRACHES.    The  herb  duckweed. 
CRACHYNGE.     Cracking. 
CRACK.  (1)  A  boast.    Alsoaverb.  Sometimes, 

to  challenge. 

(2)  To  converse.    Norf.    Also,  chat,  conversa- 
tion, news. 

(3)  Chief;  excellent.    In  early  plays,  an  arch, 
lively  boy. 

(4)  To  restrain.     North. 

(5)  To  curdle.     Craven. 

(6)  "  In  a  crack,"  immediately. 

(7)  A  blow  or  stroke.     Also  a  verb,  to  strike  or 
throw. 

(8)  Crepitus  ventris.     North 

(9)  A  charge  for  a  cannon. 

(10)  To  creak.    Palsgrave. 

(11)  A  prostitute.     North. 
CRACK-BRAINED.     Flighty.     Var.  dial 
CRACKED.     Cloven.      Cracked-piece,  a  girl 

who  is  no  longer  a  virgin.  She  was  then  said 
to  be  cracked  in  the  ring.  This  latter  expres- 
sion was  originally  applied  to  a  coin  which 
was  cracked  beyond  the  cirde  containing  the 
inscription,  and  then  considered  no  longer 
current ;  but  it  is  used  metaphorically  in  a  va- 
riety of  ways. 


CEA 


277 


CEA 


CRACKEL.    A  cricket.     North. 

CRACKER.  A  small  baking  dish ;  a  small  water- 
biscuit  ;  a  piece  of  glass  shaped  like  a  pear. 
North. 

CRACKET.     A  low  stool.     North. 

CRACKFART.    A  foolish  boaster. 

CRACKHALTER.  A  mischievous  boy.  Shake- 
speare has  the  term  crack-hemp. 

CRACKING-WHOLE.    A  slickenslide. 

CRACKLE.     Pork  crackling. 

CRACKLINGS.  Crisp  cakes.  Sussex.  More 
usually  called  cracknels.  See  Elyot,  in  v.  Col- 
lyra. 

CRACKMAN.    A  hedge. 

CRACKCTWES.  Long  pointed  shoes,  turned 
up  in  a  curve.  Perhaps  so  called  from  Cracow 
in  Poland.  "  "With  her  longe  cra&owis" 
Reliq.  Antiq.  L'41. 

CRACKROPE.  A  fellow  likely  to  be  hung.  A 
term  of  contempt. 

CRACOKE.    Refuse  of  tallow.    Pr.  Pan?. 

CRACONUM.     Same  as  cracoJce,  q.  v. 

CRACUS.    A  kind  of  tobacco. 

CRADDANTLY.     Cowardly.     North. 

CRADDINS.     Mischievous  tricks.     North. 

CRADEL.  Some  part  of  clothing  mentioned  in 
Arthour  and  Merlin,  p.  Ill;  corresponding 
perhaps  to  the  cratula.  See  Ducange,  in  v. 

CRADLE-SCYTHE.  A  scythe  provided  with  a 
frame  to  lay  the  corn  smooth  in  cutting. 

GRAFF.    A  sparrow.     Cumb. 

CRAFFLE.    To  hobble.    Derbyxh. 

CRAFTE.  To  deal  craftily,  or  cunningly.  Pals- 
grave. 

CRAFTESMAN.    A  man  of  skill. 

CRAFTIMAN.     An  artificer.     (^ 

CRAFTLY.     Knowingly ;  prudently.     (A.-S.) 

CRAFTY.    Skilfully  made.     (^.-£) 

CRAG.  (1)  The  craw.    East. 

(2)  A  deposit  of  fossil  sea-shells,  found  in  the 
Eastern  counties. 

(3)  The  neck,  or  throat.    See  Optick  Glasse  of 
Humors,  1639,  p.  135  ;  Ord.  and  Reg.  p.  95. 

(4)  A  small  beer  vessel. 

CRAIER.    A  kind  of  small  ship.     See  Hall, 
Hen.  IV.  f.  18  ;  Harrison,  p.  201 ;  Holinshed, 
Hist.  Engl.  i.  155;  Hist.  Scot.  p.  120;  Arch, 
xi.  162 ;  Rutland  Papers,  p.  42. 
Be  thanne  cogge  appone  cngge,  krayert  and  other. 
Marie  Arthurs  t  MS.  Lincoln t  f.  91. 

CRAISEY.    The  butter-cup.     Wilts. 
CRAITH.    A  scar.     West. 
CRAKANE.    The  refuse  of  tallow. 
CRAKE.  (1)  A  crow.     North. 

(2)  To  crack ;  to  break.     (A.-N.) 

(3)  To  quaver  hoarsely  in.  singing.    (4.-S.} 

(4)  To  brag,  or  boast. 

(5)  To  speak,  or  divulge.    West.  Also,  to  shout 
or  cry. 

(6)  The  land-rail.    East. 

(7)  To  creak. 

CRAKE-BERRIES.    Crow-berries.    North. 
CRAKE-FEET,     The  orchis.     North. 
CRAKE-NEEDLES.    Shepherds'-needles. 
CRAKER.  (1)  A  boaster. 
(2)  A  child's  rattle,    .JEast. 


CRAKERS.     Choice  English  soldiers  111  France 

temp.  Henry  VIII.     Blount. 
CRAKIT.     Cracked.     (^.-JV.) 
CRALLIT.     Engraven. 
CRAM.  (1)  To  tell  falsehoods. 

(2)  A  lump  of  food.     North. 

(3)  To  tumble  or  disarrange.    Line. 
CRAMBLE.     To  "hobble,  or  creep.     North. 
CRAMBLES.     Large  boughs  of  trees. 
CRAMBLY.     Lame.    North. 

CRAMBO.  A  diversion  in  which  one  gives  a 
word,  to  which  another  finds  a  rhyme.  If  the 
same  word  is  repeated,  a  forfeit  is  demanded, 
which  is  called  a  crambo.  It  was  also  a  term 
in  drinking,  as  appears  from  Dekker. 

CRAME.  (1)  To  bend.    Lane. 

(2)  To  join,  or  mend.    North. 

CRAMER.     A  tinker.     North. 

CRAMMELY.    Awkwardly.    North. 

CRAMMOCK.     To  hobble.     Yorksh. 

CRAMOSIN.     Crimson.    ^.-JV.) 

CRAMP-BONE.  The  patella  of  a  sheep,  con- 
sidered a  charm  for  the  cramp., 

CRAM  PER.    A  cramp-iron. 

CRAMPISH.     To  contract  violently.     (A.-N.) 

CRAMPLED.     Stiff  in  the  joints. 

CRAMPON.  The  border  of  gold  which  keeps  a 
stone  in  a  ring. 

CRAMP-RING.  A  ring  consecrated  on  Good 
Friday,  and  believed  to  be  efficacious  for  pre- 
venting the  cramp. 

CRAMP-RINGS.     Fetters.    Harmon. 

CRAMSINE.    To  scratch ;  to  claw. 

CRANCH.     To  grind  between  the  teeth ;  to 
crush  any  gritty  substance. 
Here  doe  I  meane  to  crunch,  to  raunch,  to  eate. 

Heytoood't  Roy  all  King,  sig.  D.  iiL 

CRANE.    The  criniere.    Hall 
CRANE-GUTTED.    Very  thin.   East. 
CRANET.  (1)  Small  criniere.     See  Hall,  Henry 

IV.  f.  12 ;  Meyrick,  ii.  258. 
(2)  A  small  red  worm.     Cumd, 
CRANGLE.    To  waddle.    North. 
CRANION.  (1)  The  skull.    Percy. 
(2)  Small ;  spider-like.    Jonson. 
CRANK.  (1)  Brisk ;  jolly ;  merry. 

(2)  A  vessel  over-masted. 

(3)  An  impostor.    Burton. 

(4)  To  mark  cross-ways  on  bread-"*  *>.*-butter  to 
please  a  child.    Kent. 

'5)  To  creak.     North. 

)  To  wind,  as  a  river.    Shaft      Also,  the  bend 
of  a  river. 

(7)  A  reel  for  winding  threa^.     Prompt.  Parv. 

(8)  The  wheel  of  a  well  to  draw  water  with.  Ibid. 
CRANKIES.     Pitmen.    North. 
CRANKLE.    Weak ;  shattered.    North. 
CRANKS.  (1)  A  toaster.    North. 

(2)  Pains ;  aches.     Craven. 

(3)  Offices.    South. 

CRANKY.  (1)  Merry;  cheerful.  Sometime 
ailing,  sickly ;  but  crank  is  always  used  in  the 
other  sense,  and  the  assertion  in  Prompt,  Parv, 
p.  92,  that  it  "  usually  sig»«ifies  sickly  or  fee-* 
ble,"  is  quite  a  mistake. 

(2)  Chequered.    North. 


CRA 


278 


ORE 


CRANNY.    Quick ;  giddy ;  thoughtless. 
GRANTS.    Garlands.    Sha*. 
ORANY.    A  crumb.     Devon. 
CRAP.  (1)  A  hunch,  or  cluster.    West. 

(2)  To  snap ;  to  crack.    Somerset. 

(3)  Darnel ;  buck-wheat. 

(4)  A  coarse  part  of  beef  joining  the  ribs.    Var. 
dial 

(5  The  back  part  of  the  neck. 

(6   Dregs  of  beer  or  ale. 

(7   Money.    North. 

(8   Assurance.    Wilts. 

(9    Crept.     North. 

CRAPAUTE,  The  toad-stone.  (Fr.)  Crapote*, 
MS.  Cantab.  Ff.  V.  48. 

CRAPER.    A  rope.     (A.-N.) 

CRAP-FULL.    Quite  ML    Devon. 

CRAPLE.     A  claw.     Spenser. 

CRAPON.     A  loadstone.    (A.-N.) 

CRAPPELY.    Lame ;  shaky.    Line. 

CRAPPING.    Gathering  crops.     West. 

CRAPPINS.    Where  the  coal  crops  out  Salop. 

CRAPPY.     To  snap.     Somerset. 

CRAPS.  (1)  The  refuse  of  hog's  lard  burnt  be- 
fore a  fire.  North. 

(2)  Chaff  of  corn.    West.    Apparently  the  same 
as  crappe,  Pr.  Parv.  p.  100. 

CRAPS ICK.  Sick  from  over-eating  or  drinking. 

South. 

CRARE.    See  Crater. 
CRASED.    Broken;  weakened.    (A.-N.) 
CRASEDEST.    Most  crazy. 
CRASH.  (1)  To  crash,  or  grind. 
(2}  A  feast ;  an  entertainment. 

(3)  To  be  merry.     North. 
CRASHING-CHETES.    The  teeth. 
CRASK.   Fat ;  lusty ;  in  good  health  and  spirits ; 

hearty. 

CRASKE.    To  crash.    Pr.  Parv, 
CRASPIC.    A  whale,  or  grampus, 
CRASSANTLY.    Cowardly.    Chesh. 
CRASSE.    Thick;  fat.    Hall 
CRASSECHE.    To  split,  or  crack. 
CRATCH.  (1)  A  rack  of  any  kind;  a  manger; 

a  cradle. 

(2)  To  eat.     Salop. 

(3)  A  pannier.    Derlysh.    Also,  a  kind  of  hand- 
barrow  ;  a  wooden  frame  used  in  husbandry. 

(4)  A  wooden  dish.    YorJcsh+ 

(5)  A  clothes  pole.    Sussex. 

(6)  Warts  on  animals.    North. 

(7)  To  claw,  or  scratch. 
CRATCHINGLY.    Feeble;  weak.    North. 
CRATE.  (1)  A  wicker  basket.    North.   Gene- 
rally used  for  crockery. 

C2)  An  old  woman.  See  Towneley  Myst.  p,  201. 
Ritson  misreads  tratein  Anc.  Pop. Poet. p,  77. 

CRATE-MEN.  Itinerant  venders  of  earthen- 
ware. Staff. 

CRATHAYN.    A  craven ;  a  coward. 

CRATHER.     A  kind  of  scythe. 

CRATTLE.     A  crumb.     North. 

CRAUCHE.    The  refuse  of  tallow. 

CRAUP.     Crept.     West. 

CRAVAISE.     The  cray-fish.     (A.-N.) 

CRAVANT,    Craven  •  cowardly. 


CRAVAS.    A  crevice.    Pr.  Parv. 

CRAVAUNDE.    Coward.     (A.-N.) 

CRAVE.  (1)  To  claim  money.     North. 

(2)  A  chink,  or  cleft.    Pr.  Parv. 

GRAVEL.    A  mantel-piece.     West. 

CRAW.  (1)  The  bosom;  the  crop  of  a  bird. 

Var.  dial. 
(2)  A  crow.     North.    Properly,  a  rook.     Sex 

Ling.  Diet.  1549. 

CRAW-BUCKLES.     Shirt-buckles.    Beds. 
CRAW-FEET.     The  wild  hyacinth. 
CRAWK.  (1)  Stubble.     Also,  a  faggot. 
(2)  The  refuse  of  tallow.     Pr.  Parv. 
CRAWL.    To  abound.    North. 
CRAWLEY-MAWLEY.    In  a  weak  and  ailing 

state ;  unwell.     Norf. 
CRAWLY-WHOPPER.    A  black-beetle. 
CRAWPARSED.  Hog-breeched.     North. 
CRAWSE.    Jolly;  brisk.     Yorteh. 
CRAY.  (1)  See  Crater. 

(2)  A  disease  in  hawks,  proceeding  from  <x» 
and  bad  diet. 

(3)  A  kind  of  gum. 

CRAYNE.    A  chink,  or  cleft.    Pr.  Parv. 
CRAYZE.    A  wild  fellow. 
CRAZE.    To  crack.    Devon. 
CRAZED.    Foolish ;  insane.     Var.  dial 
CRAZEY.    Crow's  foot.     South. 
CRAZIES.    Aches ;  pains.     North. 
CRAZLED.     Congealed.     Yorksh. 
CRAZY.    Infirm;  dilapidated. 
CRAZZILD.     Coals  caked  together. 
CREABLE.    Capable  of  being  created. 
CREACHY.    Same  as  crazy,  q.  v. 
CREAG.    The  game  of  ninepins. 
CREAGHT.    A  drove  of  cattle. 
CREAK.  (1)  A  wicker  basket. 

(2)  "  To  cry  creak,"  to  be  afraid,  to  desist  from 
any  project. 

(3)  A  hook.     York&k. 

(4)  A  land-rail.    North. 

CREAM.  (1)  To  squeeze,  or  press.    West. 

(2)  To  froth,  or  curdle.    North. 

(3)  A  cold  shivering.     Somerset. 

(4)  The  holy  anointing  oil. 

CREAMER.    One  who  has  a  stall  in  a  market 

or  fair. 

CREAMFACED.    Pale.     South. 
CREAM-WATER.    Water  with  a  kind  of  oil  or 

scum  upon  it. 

CREAMY.    Chilly.    Devon. 
CREANCE.  (1)  Faith ;  belief.     (A.-N.) 
This  mayden  taujte  the  creance 
Unto  this  wyf  so  perfitly. 

Gower,  MS.  Soc.  Jntiq.  134,  f.  69. 

(2)  Credit ;  payment,    (A.-N.) 

And  -with  his  precyous  bloode  he  wroote  the  bille 
Upon  the  crosse,  as  general  acquytauaoe 
To  every  penytent  in  ful  creaunce. 

Rom.  ofthfs  Mmfcv  $icn  College  Mi* 

(3)  To  borrow  money.    (A.-N.) 

(4)  The  string  with  which  a  hawk  is  secured. 
CREANT.    Recreant;  craven. 

CREAS.   The  measles.     Yorftsh. 
CREASE.  (1)  A  curved  tile.     West. 
(2)  The  top  of  a  horse's  neck. 


CUE 


279 


CRI 


(3)  Loving ;  fond.    Lane. 

(4)  A  split,  or  rent.     East. 

(5)  To  increase*    Devon. 
CREATE.     Created.     (Lot.) 
CREATURE.  (1)  The  Creator. 
(2)  A  poor  miserable  person. 
CREAUK.    A  crooked  stick.     North. 
CREAUNCER.    A  creditor.     (A.-N.) 
CREAUNSER.    A  tutor.    Skelton. 
CREAUNT.    Believing.     (A.-N.) 
CREB.ULLE.    A  cripple.    (A.-N.) 
CRECH.    A  crutch.    North. 
CRED  A.NS.    Credit ;  reputation. 
CREDENT.     Credible.     Shak. 
CREDILLE.    A  cradle.    H&arne. 
CREE.  (1)  To  seethe.    North. 

(2)  To  pound,  or  bruise.    North. 

(3)  A  hut  or  sty.     Cumb. 
CREECH.    To  scream.     Somerset. 
CREED.     Hard.     YorJcsh. 
CREEK.    A  servant.    Suffolk 
CREEL.  (1)  A  wicker  basket.    North. 

(2)  A  butcher's  stool.    North. 

(3)  A  wooden  frame  for  oak-cakes. 
CREEM,  (1)  To  convey  slily.     Chesh. 
(2)  To  pour  out.    North. 
GREEN.    To  pine.    Devon. 
GREENY.     Small;  diminutive.     Wilts. 
CREEP.  (1)  To  raise,  or  hoist  up. 

(2)  A  ridge  of  land. 
CREEPER.  (1)  A  louse.     Var.  dial 
(2)  A  small  stool.     North. 
CREEPERS.  (1)  Small  low  irons  in  a  grate  oe- 
tween  the  andirons. 

(2)  A  nervous  fidget.     Var.  dial. 

(3)  Low  pattens.    Norf. 

(4)  Grapnels.    East. 
CREEP-HEDGE.    A  vagrant.    East. 
CREEPINS.    A  beating.     Craven.    ' 
CREEPLE.  (1)  A  cripple. 

(2)  To  squeeze ;  to  compress.    East. 

CREEZE.    Squeamish.     West. 

CREJL.   A  dwarfish  man.    North. 

CREILED.    Speckled;  variegated.     Cumb. 

CREKE.  (1)  A  crane.     (A.-N.) 

(2)  A  basket.    Pr.  Parv. 

CREKYNE.    To  cluck,  as  hens,    Pr.  Parv. 

CREME.     Chrism;  ointment. 

CREMESYN.    Crimson  velvet. 

CRENELLE.  A  loophole  in  a  fortress.  Some, 
times,  a  battlement. 

CRENSEYN.    Crimson.    (A.-N.) 

CREOPEN.    To  creep ;  to  crawl. 

CREPEMOUS.  A  term  of  endearment.  Pals- 
grave's Acolastus,  1540.  Still  in  use. 

CREPIL.    A  cripple.    (A.-S.) 

CREPINE.  Fringe  worn  with  a  French  hood^; 
the  crespine,  or  golden  net-caul,  Planche, 
p.  117. 

CREPPID.    Crept.   (A.-S.} 

CRESCIVE.    Increasing  in  power* 

CRESCLOTH.   Fine  linen  cloth. 

CRESE.  To  increase.  (A.-N.) 

CRESMEDE.    Christened.     (A.-N.) 

CRESOLITE.   Crystal. 


CRESSAWNTE.  A  crescent ;  an  ornament  for 
a  woman's  neck, 

CRESSE.  A  rush.  "  I  cownt  hym  noghte  at  a 
cresse"  Lincoln-  MS. 

CRESSET.  An  open  lamp,  suspended  on  pivots 
in  a  kind  of  fork,  aiid  carried  upon  a  pole, 
formerly  much  used  in  nocturnal  processions. 
The  light  was  a  wreathed  rope  smeared  with 
pitch  or  rosin  stuck  on  a  pin  in  the  centre  of 
the  bowl.  The  cresset  was  sometimes  a  hol- 
low pan  filled  with  combustibles,  and,  indeed, 
any  hollow  vessel  employed  for  holding  a  light 
was  so  called. 

CREST.  (1)  Increase.    (A.-N.) 

(2)  In  architecture,  a  term  for  any  ornamenta- 
upper  finishing. 

I  se  castels,  I  se  eke  high  towres; 
Walles  of  Stone  crestyd  and  bataylled. 

MS.  Cantab.  Ff.  i.  6;  f.  13, 

(3)  The  top  of  anything ;  the  ridge  of  a  Mil  or 
bank ;  a  balk. 

(4)  The  rising  part  of  a  horse's  neck. 
CREST-TILES.     Tiles  used  for  covering  the 

ridge  of  a  roof. 

CRETE.    A  kind  of  sweet  wine.      « Creticke 
wine,"  TopselTs  Beasts,  p.  276. 
Thane  clarett  and  creette  clergyally  rennetae. 

Morte  Arthurs,  MS.  Lincoln,  f.55 

CRETOYNE.    A  sweet  sauce.  (A.-N.) 

CREUDEN.     Cried ;  roared,  pi. 

CREUSE.  A  cup.    (A.-N.) 

CREVASSE.   A  chink  or  crevice.   (A.-N.)  Ore- 

vescez,  MS.  Lincoln  A.  i.  17,f.  15;   Creveys, 

MS.  Cantab.  Ff.  ii.  38,  f.  7. 
CREVET.    A  cruet.  East. 
CREVIL.    The  head.  (A.-N.) 
CREVIN.    A  crack,  or  crevice.     North. 
CREVISE.    A  cray-fish.    (Fr.}    Sometimes,  a 

lobster,  as  in  MS.  Artmd.  249. 
CREW.     A  coop.    Salop. 
CREWDLE.    To  crouch  together.    North. 
CREWDLING.    A  slow  mover.     Chesh. 
CRE  WD  S.    The  measles.    North. 
CREWEL.  (1)  A  cowslip.    Somerset. 
(3)   Fine  worsted,  formerly  much  in  use  for 

fringe,  garters,  &c. 

CREWNTING.    Grumbling.    Smnoor. 
CREW-YARD.    A  farm-yard.     Line. 
CREYSEDE.    Crossed.    Hearts. 
CREYSERY.    A  crusade.    (A.-N.) 
CRIANDE.     Crying.    (A.-N.) 
CRIB.  (1)  A  child's  bed.    Var.  dial. 
'2)  A  lock-up  house.   Salop. 
')  A  rack  or  manger.    Var.  dial    Also,  a  fold 

for  cattle. 
CRIB-BITER.     A  horse   that  draws  in  his 

breath,  and  bites  his  manger. 
CRIBBLE.  (1)  A  finer  sort  of  bran,  Cribil-brede, 

Reliq,  Antiq.  i.  9.  See  Cotgrave,  in  v.  Bourgeois 
(2)  A  corn-sieve.     Hottyband. 
CRICK.     The  gaffle  of  a  cross-Bow. 
CRICKER.    A  collier's  horse.      Also,  a  man 

that  carries  heavy  loads  on  a  horse.    West. 
CRICKET.  (!'}  A  low  stool. 
(2)  Said  of  a  ferret,  marte  appetens. 


CEI 


280 


CEO 


CRICKET-A-WICKET.  Merry ;  also,  to  jog 
up  and  down. 

CR1CKLE.     To  bend ;  to  stoop.    Var.  dial 

CRICKS.    Dry  hedgewood.     West. 

CRIED-UP.    Much  praised.     Var.  dial. 

CRIEL.     A  kind  of  heron. 

CRIEYNGES.    Prayers.     Weber. 

CRIG.  A  wooden  mallet.  North.  Also  a  verb, 
to  beat. 

CRIINDE.     Crying.    Eol.  Glouc. 

CRIKKET.     A  creek.    Leland. 

CRILL.    Chilly;  goosefleshy.    Lane. 

CRIM.  (1)  To  shiver.    /.  Wight. 

(2)  A  small  portion  of  anything.    West. 

CRIMANY !  Interj.  of  sudden  surprise.  Some- 
times, crimine  jemminy  ! 

CRIMBLE.  To  creep  slily.  East.  To  crim- 
ble-i'-th'-poke,  to  fly  from  an  agreement,  to 
act  cowardly. 

CRIME.    Cry;  report.   West. 

CRIMME.    To  crumble  bread. 

CRIMMLE.    To  plait  up  a  dress. 

CRIMP.  (1)  A  game  at  cards. 

(2)  A  dealer  in  coals.  Norf. 

(3)  To  be  very  stingy.    Devon. 

(4)  Inconsistent ;  inconclusive. 

CJRIMPS.  In  the  crimps,  well  set  out  in  clothes. 
CRINCH.  (1)  A  small  bit.     Glouc. 

(2)  Same  as  cranch,  q.  y. 

(3)  To  crouch  together.    North. 
CRINCHLING.    A  very  small  apple,  also  called 

a  cringling.  East. 
CRINCKLE.     See  Crimole. 
CRINCOMES.    The  lues  venerea. 
CRINDLE.    A  kernel.     Lane. 
CRINE.     To  shrink ;  to  pine.  North. 
CRINETTS.    The  long  small  black  feathers  on 

a  hawk's  head. 
CRINGLE.    A  withe  or  rope  for  fastening  a 

gate  with.     North. 

CRINGLE-CRANGLE.    A  zig-zag.     North. 
CRINITE.    Hairy.     (Lett.) 
CRINK.  (1)  A  very  small  child.     West. 
(2)  A  crumpling  apple.    Heref. 
CRINKLE,  (1)  To  rumple.     Var.  dial 

(2)  To  bend;  to  waver.    North. 

(3)  To  form  into  loops,  as  thread  sometimes 
does.    Line. 

(4)  To  shrink.    Suffolk. 
CRINKLE-CRANKLE.     A  wrinkle.     North. 

"  Full  of  crinJclecrarikles"  Cotgrave, 
CRINZE.    A  drinking  cup. 
CRIP.    To  cut  the  hair.     West. 
CRIPLING.    Tottery.    North. 
CRIPLINGS.      Short  spars  at  the  sides   of 

houses. 

CRIPPIN.    See  Crepine. 
CRIPPLE-GAP.    A  hole  left  in  walls  for  sheep 
to  pass  through.    North.    Also  called  a  crip- 
ple-hole. 

CRIPPLIFIED.     Crippled.     Munday. 
CRIPS.     Crisp;  curled.     West. 
CRISH.     Cartilage.    East. 
CRISIMORE.     A  little  child.    Devon.     No 
4oubt  from  vhrisome,  q,  v, 


CRISLED.    Goose-fleshy.    Ford. 
CRISOME.    See  Chrisome. 
CRISP.  (1)  Pork  crackling.     South. 

(2)  To  curl.     Crispy,  wavy. 

(3)  Fine  linen ;  cobweb  lawn. 

(4)  A  kind  of  biscuit.    North. 
CRISPE.   Curled.   (Lat.) 
CRISPING-IRON.     A  curling-iron. 
CRISPIN'S-LANCE.    An  awl. 
CRISPLE.    A  curl.    Also  a  verb. 
CRISSY.    A  crisis.    East. 
CRISTALDRE.     The  lesser  centaury.    Gerard. 

Spelt  Cristesladdre,  and  explained  centaurea 
major,  in  MS.  Sloane  5,  f.  3. 
CRISTEN.     A  kind  of  plum. 
CRISTENDOM.    Baptism.     WicUiffe. 
And  that  bastard  that  to  the  ys  dere, 
Crystyndome  schalle  he  non  have  here. 

MS.  Cantab.  Ff.  li.  38,  f.  •». 

CRISTENE.    Christian.     (A.-N.} 
CRISTENING.   Christian  faith. 
CRISTINE.  A  kid.   (A.-N.) 
GRISTING.   Baptism.   (A.-N.) 
CRISTYGREY.   A  kind  of  fur,  much  used  in  the 
fifteenth  century. 

Of  no  devyse  embroudid  hath  hire  wede, 
Ne  furrid  with  ermyn  ne  with  cristygrey. 

Lydgate,  MS.  Soc.  Anilq.  134,  f.  25. 

CHIT.  A  hovel.  Salop. 

CRITCH.   Stony.   Line. 

CRITICK.   The  art  of  criticism. 

CRITUARY.    A  kind  of  sauce. 

CROAK.  To  die.   Oxon. 

CROAKER.   A  raven.  Jonson. 

CROAKUM-SHIRE.  Northumberland. 

CROAT.   A  bottle.   Suffolk. 

CROB.  (1)  A  clown.   North. 

(2)  To  tyrannize  over.    Jorksh. 

CROBBE.     The  knops  of  leafy  buds,  used  as 

pendants  from  the  roof. 
CROCARD.   Some  kind  of  bird,  mentioned  in 

Arch.  iii.  157 ;  Ord.  and  Reg.  p.  223. 
CROCE.  (1)  A  cross.   (A.-S.) 
(2)  A  crook ;  a  crozier. 
CROCERE.   The  bearer  of  a  pastoral  staff,  or 

crozier.  Pr.  Paw. 
CROCHE.  (1)  A  crutch.    (^.-.V.)     MVhicbe 

wende  his  helpe  a  croche"  Gower,  MS. 
(2)  The  top  of  a  stag's  head,  the  knob  at  the 

top  of  it. 

CROCKED.   Crooked.   (A.~N.) 
CROCHEN.  The  crochet  in  music. 
CROCHET.  A  hook,   (A.-N.) 
CROCHETEUR.   A  porter.   (Fr.} 
CROCK.  (1)  An  old  ewe.    Yorksh. 

The  cramp  in  hawks. 

A  kind  of  muslcet. 

Soot.   Also,  to  black  with  soot, 

A  pot ;  an  earthen  vessel.    To  crock,  to  lay 
up  in  a  crock. 
(SJ  To  decrease ;  to  decay.   North. 

(7)  Under  hair  in  the  neck. 

(8)  The  hack  of  a  fire-place.   West. 

(9)  An  old  laid  egg.   North. 
CROCK-BUTTER.    Salt-butter.  South. 


CRO 


281  CEO 


CROCKET.    A  large  roll  of  hair,  much  worn  in 

the  time  of  Edward  I. 

Be  nat  proud  of  thy  croTcet 
Yn  the  cherche  to  tyfe  and  set. 

MS.  Harl.  1701,  f.  22, 
His  o-okee  kembt,  and  theronset 
A  nouche  with  a  chapelet. 

Gowert  MS.  Soc.  Antlq.  134,  f.  171. 
CROCKETS.  Projecting  flowers  or  foliage  used 

in  Gothic  architecture. 

CROCKS.  (1)  Locks  of  hair.    Eel.  Ant.  ii.  175. 
(2)  Two  crooked  timbers,  of  natural  bend,  form- 
ing an  arch,  seen  in  old  buildings.   North. 
CROCKY.  (1)  Sooty.  East. 
(2)  A  small  Scotch  cow.   North. 
CRODART.  A  coward.   NMh. 
CRODDY.    To  contest ;  to  strive  ;  to  play  very 

roughly.   North, 
CRODE.    A  mole.  North. 
CROFT.  (1)  A  meadow  near  a  house  ;  a  small 

common  field ;  any  inclosure. 
(2)  A  vault.  Kent. 
CROGGED.  Filled.   Oxmi. 
CROGGLE.   Sour,  or  curdy.    Yorksh. 
CROGHTON-BELLY.    A  person  who  eats  a 

great  deal  of  fruit.  Lane. 
CROGNET.    The  coronal  of  a  spear. 
CROICE.  Across.     (4.-N.) 
CROISE.  A  drinldng-cup. 
CROISERIE.   The  Crusade.   (^.-M) 
CROKE,  (1)  Refuse ;  the  bad  or  useless  part  of 

anything.    Line. 

2)  A  kind  of  lance.   (^.-M) 

3)  A  trick ;  a  turn.    North. 

4)  The  ordure  of  the  hare. 

5)  To  bend. 

Into  the  water  he  croTcede  downe, 
And  was  in  perelle  for  to  drowne. 

2fS.  Lincoln,  A.  1. 17,  f.  125. 

(6)  A  hook. 

Hyt  was  made  full  weywarde, 
Full  of  entity*  of  stele  harde. 

MS.  Cantab,  Ff.  Ji.  38,  f.39. 

CROKED.    Lame ;  infirm. 

CROKEKELY.    Hookedly, 

CROKE R.  (1)  A  grower  of  saffron.    See  Har- 

rison's  England,  pp.  232,  233. 
(2)  A  cottage  without  stairs. 
CROLLE.    Curled.    Kyng  Alis.  1999. 
CROLLING.     The  rumbling,  or  grumbling  of 

the  stomach.    Palsgrave, 
CROM.  (1)  To  crowd.    North. 
(2)  To  arrange  anything.     Lane. 
CROMJB.  (1)  A  crook ;  a  staff  with  a  hook  at  the 

end  of  it.    Norf.    This  term  occurs  in  the 

Pr.  Parv,  p.  104. 
(2)  Pulp;  kernel;  the  crumb.    See  Forme  of 

Cury,  p.  62 ;  MS.  Arund.  249,  f,  89.  (X-£) 
CROMP,    Witty.     Oxon. 
CROMPYL3X     Crumpled. 
CROMPYNG.     Curving,  said  of  a  dog's  tail. 

fifaistreofthe  Game. 
CROMSTER.    A  kind  of  vessel  having  a  crooked 

prow.    |  Duty 
CRONE.    An  old  ewe.    Also,  an  old  woman, 

generally  in  an  opprobrious  sense.     These 


meanings  are  said  to  be  connected  with  each 
other. 

CRONE-BERRIES.    -Whortle-benies, 
CRONELL.    A  coronal,  or  garland.    Also,  the 

coronal  of  a  lance,  called  cronet.  by  Hall, 

Henry  IV.  f.  12. 

CRONESANKE.    The  periscaria. 
CRONGE.     A  hilt,  or  handle. 
CRONIQUE.    A  chronicle.    (^.-JV.) 
The  tale  y  thenke  of  a  cronique 
To  telle,  yf  that  it  may  the  like. 

Gcwer,  MS.  Soc.  Antiq.  134,  f.  £8. 
CRONK.  (1)  To  croak;  to  prate.    North. 
(2)  To  perch.     Yortsh. 
($)  To  exult  over  with  insult.  Hunter* sHalfamh* 

Glass. 

CRONNY.    Merry ;  cheerful.   Deri. 
CRONOGRAPHY.    A  history.  Hall. 
CRONY.    An  intimate  friend. 
CROO.  (l)Tocoo.    North. 
(2)  A  crib  for  cattle.   Lane, 
CROOCH.    To  crouch  down.    Oxon. 
CROODLE.    To  cower;  to  crouch;  to  cuddle. 

Also,  to  feel  cold. 
CROOK.  (1)  The  devil.   Somerset. 
'2)  The  crick  in  the  neck. 
3)  A  chain  in  a  chimney  for  hanging  boilers  on. 

North. 
(4)  Abend  or  curvature.    Also  a  verb,  to  make 

crooked. 

CUOOKEL.    To  coo.  North. 
CROOKEN.   To  bend.    Yorksh. 
CBOOK-LUG.    A  long  pole  with  a  hook  afc  the 

end  of  it,  used  for  pulling  down  dead  branches 

of  trees.   Glouc. 
CROOKS.   (1)  The  furniture  of  pack-horses ; 

long  pieces  of  timber,  sharpened  above,  and 

bent  in  a  particular  manner,  to  support  burdens 

on  horses.   Devon. 
(2)  Hinges.   North, 
CROOLu   To  mutter  j  to  murmur. 
CROOM.     A  small  portion  of  anything.    So- 
merset. 
CROON.   To  bellow ;  to  roar.   North.    Also,  to 

murmur  softly. 

CROONCH.  To  encroach.  East. 
CROOP,     To  rake  together;    to  be  miserly. 

Devon. 

CROOPBACK.  A  hump-back. 
CROOPY.  (1)  Hoarse.  North. 
(2)  To  creep  ;  to  bend.  Dorset, 
CROOSE.  An  assistant  to  the  banker  at  the 

game  of  basset. 
CROOT.  Same  as  croti,  q.  v. 
CROP.  (1)  The  gorge  of  a  bird.   "Neck  an<J 

crop,"  completely,  entirely.  • 

(2)  A  shoot  of  a  tree,  grown  in  one  season. 
North.    Properly,  tie  head  or  top  of  a  tree, 
the  extreme  shoot ;  any  shoot;  a  sprig  of  a 
plant. 

(3)  The  spare-rib.   Var.  dial, 

(4)  The  top.    Caf.-SL) 

And  of  the  hilles  he  Celleth  there  aryjte 

How  hefidialle  1x>we  hem  and  ihe.croppis  he»i*. 

Z&dgate,  MS,  Sbe.  Anti*  134,  f.  18. 


CRO 


282 


CRO 


(5)  To  crop  the  causey,  to  walk  unyieldingly 

down  the  centre. 
CROPE.  (1)  Crept.    (^.*£) 

This  lady  tho  was  crope  aside, 

As  sche  that  wolde  hire&elveti  hide. 

Goiuer,  MS.  Soc*  Antiq.  134,  f.  06. 

(2)  To  creep  slowly.   East. 

(3)  The  crupper.   Weber. 

(4)  The  finial  of  a  canopy,  &c. 

(5)  A  band,  or  fillet.   (A.-N.) 

(6)  Crooked.    Palsgrave. 

CROPIERS.   The  housings-  on  a  horse's  back. 

(A.-N.) 

GROPING.    The  surface  of  coal. 
CROPONE.   The  buttock  or  haunch,    (A.-N.) 
CROPORE.    The  crupper.    (A.-N.) 
CROP-OUT.    To  appear  above  the  surface,  as  a 

stratum  of  coal,  &c. 
CROPPEN.  (1)  Crept.  North. 

(2)  To  eat,  as  a  bird.  (A.-S.) 

(3)  The  crop  of  a  hen.  Cumb. 
CROPPY.  A  Roundhead. 

CROP-RASH.    The  loose  soft  stone  above  the 

solid  vein.    Warw. 

CROP-WEED.    The  black  matfellon. 
GROSE.    A  crosier. 
CROSHABELL.    A  courtezan.    Kent. 
CROSS.  (1)  To  cashier. 

(2)  A  piece  of  money. 

(3)  The  horizontal  piece  near  the  top  of  a  dagger. 

(4)  To  dislodge  a  roe-deer.    Also,  to  double  in 
a  chase. 

(5)  To  keep  the  crop,  to  monopolize  the  market 
place. 

(6)  To  cleave  the  back-bone,  a  term  in  cutting 
,  up  deer. 

CROSS-AND-PILE.     The   game   now  called 

heads-and-tails.    See  Nomenclator,  ?•  299. 
CROSS-BARS.   A  boy's  game. 
CROSS-BATED.    Chequered. 
CROSS-BITE.    To  swindle;  to  cheat;  to  de- 
ceive.    Cross-bite,    cross-bit  er}    a  swindler. 

Florio  has,  "  Furbdre,  to  play  the  cheater,  the 

cunnie-catcher  or cros$e<-Mter." 
CROSS-DAYS.    The  three  days  preceding  the 

feast  of  Ascension, 
CROSSE-BACCED.    Having  a  bar  through,  as 

shot.    See  Ord.  and  Reg.  p.  272.    Qu.  crosse- 

barred  ? 

CROSSED.    Taken  the  cross. 
CROSSE-ISLED.     A  church  with  transepts  is 

so  called. 

CROSSELET.   A  crucible.    (A<-N.) 
CROSS-EYE.    A  violent  squint.    East. 
GROSS-GARTERED.      Having    the    garters 

crossed  on  the  leg. 
CROSS-GRAINED.    Not  straight  grained,  as 

wood.    Hence,  obstinate,  peevish. 
CRO S  S-LAY.    A  cheating  wager, 
CROSSLET.    A  frontlet. 
CROSS-MORGANED.    Peevish.   North. 
CROSS-PATCH.  A  peevish  child.    Also  called 

a  cross-pot* 

CRQSS-PATJS.    The  cross  at  the  top  of  a  ball 
feald  by  a  sovereign. 


CROSS-PURPOSES.    A  child's  game.     Also, 
confusion  and  difficulties. 

CROSS-QUARTERS.    Diagonal  openings  in  the 
turret  of  a  building. 

CROSS-HOW.    The  alphabet. 

CROSS-SOMER.    A  beam  of  timber. 

CROSS-SWORD.     One  with  a  cross-bar  foi  its 
guard. 

CROSS-THE-BUCKLE.    A  peculiar  and  diffi- 
cult step  in  rustic  dancing. 

CROSS -TOLL.    A  passage  toll* 

CROSS-TRIP.     In  wrestling,  when  the  legs  are 
crossed  one  within  the  other. 

CROSS-VEIN.     One  vein  of  ore  crossing  an- 
other  at  right  angles. 

CROSS-WEEK.    Rogation  week. 

CROSS-WIND.  To  warp ;  to  twist.  North. 
Thou  inaist  behold  how  it  is  scorcht  with  love, 
And  every  way  croswounded  with  desire.  - 

Woman  in  the  Moone,  1597. 

CROSTELL.    A  wine-pot. 

CRO  S  WORT.    Herla  Crimatica^i. 

CROTCH.  (1)  A  crutch.   East. 

(2)  Same  as  cliff,  q.  v. 

(3)  A  post  with  a  forked  top,  used  in  buil ding,  &c. 

(4)  The  place  where  the  tail  of   an   animal 
commences. 

CROTCH-BOOTS.    Water  boots.    East. 
CROTCH-BOUND.    Lazy.    East. 
CROTCHED.  (1)  Cross  ;  peevish.   East. 
(2)  Crooked ;  hooked.  North. 
CROTCHET.  A  metal  hook. 
CROTCH-ROOM.  Length  of  the  legs. 
CROTCH-STICK.    A  crutch.    East. 
CROTCH-TAIL.    A  kite.    Essex. 
CROTCH-TROLLING.    A  method  of  trolling 

or  angling  for  pike.   Norf. 
CROTE.    A  clod  of  earth. 
CROTELS.    The  ordure  of  the  hare,  rabbit,  or 

goat.    Also  called  croteys  and  crotising.    The 

Maistre  of  the  Game,  MS.  Bodl.  546,  has 

croteynge  of  the  hart. 
CROTEY.   Soup  ;  pottage.   (A.-N.) 
CROTONE.    A  dish  in  cookery,  described  in 

the  Forme  of  Cury,  p.  34. 
CROTTE.    A  hole  ;  a  corner.     (A.-N.) 
CROTTLES.     Crumbs.    North. 
CROTTLING.    Friable.    Worth. 
CROU.    A  hut ;  a  sty.     Devon. 
CROUCH.    A  tumble ;  wrinkle.    Oxon. 
CR.OUCHE.  (1)  A  piece  of  money. 

Come  hitler  to  me,  sone,  and  loke  wheder 

In  this  purse  whether  ther  be  eny  cros  or  crowed, 

Save  nedel  and  threde  and  themel  of  kther. 

Occleve,  MS.  Soc.  Antiq.  134,  f.  2*4. 

(2)  To  sign  with  the  cross.    (A.-S<)    Also,  a 

cross.     Hence  Crutched  Friars. 
CROUCHMAS.    Christmas.     Tusser. 
CROUD.  (1)  To  coo.    North. 

(2)  The  crypt  of  a  church. 

(3)  A  coarse  apple  pasty.     Wilts. 

(4)  A  fiddle.    Also  a  verb. 
CROUDE.    To  shove  together.    (A.-S.) 
CROUDEWAIN.   A  cart ;  a  waggon.  Perhaps  a 

kind  of  barrow* 


CRO 


283 


CRU 


CROUHHE.    A  pan ;  a  pitcher. 
CROUKE.  (1)  A  crow.    North. 

(2)  An  earthen  pitcher.    (A.-S.) 

(3)  To  hend.     (A.-S.) 
CROULE.    Curled.     Chaucer. 
CROUME.     Sharp ;  cutting.     (A.-N,} 
CROUN.    The  circle  of  hair  produced  by  the 

priestly  tonsure.    (A.*N.) 
CROUNCORN.    A  rustic  pipe. 
CROUNMENT.    A  coronation.     (A.-N.) 
CROUP.  (1)  To  croak.    North. 

2)  A  disease  in  poultry. 

3)  The  ridge  of  the  back.    (A.-N.} 

4)  To  stoop  ;  to  crouch.     Cumb. 

5)  The  craw ;  the  belly.     Also,  the  buttock 
or  haunch, 

CROUPY-CRAW.    The  raven.    North. 
CROUS.  (1)  Merry;  brisk;  lively;  bumptious. 
"  Cruse  or  crous,  saucy,  malapert,  Bor."   Ken- 
nett,  MS.  Lansd.  1033.    Evidently  connected 
with  cms,  wrathful,  Havelok,  1966 ;  and  hence 
perhaps  crusty.    The  following  is  an  instance 
of  the  word  in  the  same  sense  as  in  Havelok. 
Ajeyn  hem  was  he  kene  and  crous, 
And  seide,  goth  out  of  my  Fadir  hous. 

Cursor  Mundi,  MS.  Coll  3V£».  Cantab.  f.M. 

(2)  To  catterwaul ;  to  provoke.    East 
CROUSLEY.   To  flatter;  to  court.    Devon. 
CROUTH,    A  fiddle ;  a  croud,  q.  v.      ' 
CROUWEPIL.    The  herb  crane-bill 
CROW.  (1)  A  cattle-crib.    Lane. 

(2\  An  iron  gavelock.    North. 

( 3)  To  claim.    Somerset. 

(4)  To  pull  or  pluck  a  crow,  to  complain  or 
quarrel  with  any  one. 

(5)  To  give  the  crow  a  pudding,  to  die. 

(6)  A  pigsty.    Devon. 
CROW-BELL. 

In  a  ground  of  mine  called  Swices  grcwes  abun- 
dantly a  plant  called  by  the  people  hereabout  crow" 
bells,  which  T  never  saw  anywhere  but  there.  Mr. 
Rob.  Good,  K.A.  tells  me  that  these  wow-bells  have 
blew  flowers,  and  are  common  to  many  shady  places 
in  this  countrey. 

Aubrey's  Wilts,  Royal  3oc.  2WST.  p.  126. 

CROW-BERRY.    Empetrum  nigrum,  Lin. 

CROWCH.  (1)  A  crutch.    Percy. 

(2)  Crooked.    Huket. 

CROW-COAL.    Inferior  coal.    Cumb. 

CROWD.  (1)  To  wheel  about.    Norf. 

(2)  To  move  one  thing  across  another ;  to  make 
a  grating  noise. 

(3)  Congealed  milk.    North. 
CROWD-BARROW.   A  wheel-barrow.   Norf. 
CROWDING.    A  barrow.    Paston. 
CROWDLING.    Timid  ;duU;  sickly.     West. 
CROWD Y.    A  mess  of  oatmeal,  generally  mixed 

with  milk.    North. 

CROWD Y,KIT.    A  small  fiddle.     West. 

CROWDY-MAIN.  A  riotous  assembly ;  a  cock- 
fight ;  a  crowded  mixture.  North. 

CROWDY-MUTTON.    A  fiddler. 

CROWD  Y-PIE.    An  apple-turnover.     West. 

CROW-FEET.  The  wriaktes  which  spread  from 
the  outer  comers  of  tfe#  eye. 

C^OWTLQWER.  The  craw-foot.    North. 


CROWISH.    Spirited;  pert.    North. 
CROWKEEPER.     A  boy  employed  to  scare 

crows  from  land,  in  former  times  armed  witli 

a  bow.    East. 

CROWLANDE.    Exulting;  boasting. 
CROWLE.    To  grumble,  or  make  a  noise  in  the 

stomach. 

CROW-LEEK.    The  hyacinth. 
CROWN.    To  hold  an  inquest.    North.     See 

Sharp's  Chron.  Mirab.  pp.  4,  88. 
CROWNACLE.    A  chronicle. 
CROWNATION.    A  coronation.    Miege. 
CROWNED-CUP.    A  bumper. 
CROWNER.    A  coroner.    Var.  dial 
CROWNET.    A  coronet. 
CROWNING.    Slightly  arched.    East. 
CROWN-POST.    In  building,  the  post  which 

stands  upright  between  the  principal  rafters. 
CROWNS.   Crowns-of-the-sun,  a  gold  crown  so 

called  from  the  mint  mark,  worth  about  4s.  $d. 

Crowns-of-the-rose  were   coined  by  Henry 

YIII.  in  1526,  and  worth  the  same  sum. 
CROW-PARSNIP.    The  dandelion. 
CROWPYNE.    A  crupper.    Pr.  Parv. 
CROWS  HELL.     The  fresh-water  muscle. 
CROWS-NEST.    Wild  parsley. 
CROWSOPE.    The  herb  Samponaria. 
CROWSTONE.  The  top  stone  of  the  gable  end 

of  a  house. 

CROWT.    To  pucker  up. 
CROW-TIME.    Evening.    East. 
CROW-TOE.    The  ranunculus. 
CROW-TRODDEN.    Having  crow-feet,  q.  v. 
CROYDON-SANGUINE.   A  sallow  colour. 
CROYN.    To  cry,  as  deer  do  in  rutting  time ; 

to  murmur  low. 
CROYZ.    The  cross. 
CROZZILS.    Half-burnt  coals.    7orW, 
CRUB.    A  crust,  or  rind.    Devon. 
CRUBBIN.    Food.     West. 
CRUBBY.    Dry  crusty  bread.   Devon. 
CRUBS.    The  wooden  supporters  of  panniers* 

or  bags,  on  a  horse.    West. 
CRUCCHEN.    To  crouch.    (>£) 
CRUCE.    Same  as  croise,  q.  v. 

They  had  sucked  such  a  juce 
Out  of  the  good  ale  ej-wce, 

Wherin  they  founde  no  dregges, 
That  neyther  of  them  his  hed 
Coulde  cary  home  to  his  bed, 
For  lacke  of  better  legges. 

The  UnZwc&ie  Fiw«»tfe. 
CRUCHE.    A  bishop's  crosier. 
CRUCHET.    A  wood-pigeon.    North. 
CRUCIAR.    A  crucifier.     WickUffe. 
CRUCK.    A  crock,  or  pot.    Junius. 
CRUCKLE.    To  bend;  to  stoop.     East. 
CRUD.  (1)  Crowded.    East. 

(2)  Carted ;  put  in  a  cart,  or  Harrow.    Hence, 
conveyed. 

(3)  To  coagulate.    Baret. 

CRUDDLE.   To  coagulate ;  to  curdle.    Also* to 

crowd  or  huddle. 

CRUDELEE.    To  cry  like  a  pheasant 
CRUDL&    To  shudder,  or  shake.    North. 
CRUDLY.    Crumblmg.    Salop.    ' 


CRU 


284 


CUB 


CRUDS.    Curds.    (A.-S.) 
CRUEL.  (1)  Very.     Var.  dial. 

(2)  Keen ;  valiant. 

(3)  Sad.    Exmoor. 

(4)  Fine  worsted. 

(5)  A  cowslip.     Devon. 
CRUELS.     The  shingles.     YorksJi. 
CRUETS.    The  vessels  which  contained  wine 

and  water  for  the  service  of  the  altar. 

CRUIVES.    Enclosed  spaces  in  a  dam  or  weir 
for  taking  salmon.     North. 

CRUK.    A  bend,  or  shoot.     Salop. 

CRUKE.    A  crooked  staff.    (A.-S.) 

Bi  the  tane  of  the  laykanes  that  thou  sent  us,  the 
whilkoes  made  of  wandezand  ci-ukez  donwardezat 
the  over-end,  we  understand  that  alle  the  kyngez  of 
the  werlde,  and  alle  the  grete  Jordez  sallelowte  tille 
us.  MS.  Lincoln  A.  3. 17>  f-  8. 

CRULE.  (1)  See  Cruelty. 

(2)  To  curl.    (A.-S.) 

His  hondes  otherwhile  to  quake, 
Hit  cropeth  crulyng  in  his  bake. 

Cujsor  MunAi,  MS.  Coll.  Trin.  Cantab,  f.  23. 

(3)  To  shiver  with  cold.     Also,  to  crouch  near 
the  fire  when  cold. 

CRUM.    To  stuff.    North. 
CRUMBLES.     Crumbs.    East. 
CRUM  CAKES,    Pancakes.    North. 
GRUME.    A  small  portion.    (A.-S.) 
GRUME  NAL.     A  purse.    Spenser. 
CRUMMY,  (1)  Plump  ;  fleshy.    North. 
(2)  A  cow  with  crooked  horns. 
CRUMP.  (1)  Hard;  crusty.    North.    Also,  to 
eat  a  crusty  loaf. 

(2)  Out  of  temper.    North. 

(3)  The  cramp.     Var.  dial 

(4)  Crooked.  '  Crump ^lacJc •,  &c.    "  Crumpt  or 
crookt,"  Nomenclator,  p.  44. 

(5)  The  rump.    North. 
CRUMPLE.  (1)  To  rumple.     Var.  dial 

(2)  To  wrinkle ;  to  contract.    West.    Crumple- 

footed,  having  no  movement  with  the  toes. 
CRUMPLED.    Twisted ;  crooked.    Crumponde, 

Wright's  Pol.  Songs,  p.  329. 
CRUMPLING.  Same  as  Crinchling,  q.  v.  Hence, 

a  diminutive  or  deformed  person. 
CRUMPLY.    Wrinkled.   Devon. 
CRUMPY.    Short ;  brittle.    North. 
CRUNCH.    To  crush.     Var.  dial. 
CRUNCKLE.    To  creak.    Howell     Cotgrave, 

"  to  creake  like  a  crane." 
CRUNDLES.    Scorbutic  swellings.    Devon. 
CRUNE.    To  bellow ;  to  roar.     North. 
CRUNEY.    To  whine.    Dewn. 
CRUNKLE.    To  rumple.     Var.  dial 
CRUP.    Crisp  ;  short ;  surly.    South. 
CRUPEL     A  cripple.    Rel.  Ant.  i.  243. 

Meseles  are  hole  and  crupels  go  1*151,, 
Deefe  ban  herynge,  and  blynde  han  sijt. 

Cursor  Mundi,  MS.  Coll.  Trin.  Cantab,  f.  81. 

CRUPYARD.    The  crupper.     Tqpsell. 

CRUS.    See  Crow. 

CRUSADO.    A  Portuguese  coin,  mentioned  by 

Webster,  i.  69  ;  Harrison,  p.  219. 
CRUSE.    Same  as  cruce  <j.  v.    See  Florio,  p. 


226  ;  Nomenclator,  p.  233  ;  Collier's  Old  Bal- 
lads, p.  34 ;  Holinshed,  Hist.  Engl,  i.  63. 

CRUSH.  Gristle.  East.  To  crush  a  cup,  to 
finish  a  cup  of  liquor. 

CRUSKE.     An  earthen  vessel. 

CRUSSEL,  Gristle.  East.  Also  crustle.  Min- 
sheu  has  the  first  form. 

CRUSTADE.  A  dish  in  cookery,  described  in 
MS.  Sloane  1201,  f.  32  ;  Warner's  Antiq.  Cu- 
lm, p.  65 ;  Ord.  and  Reg.  pp.  442,  452 ;  crus- 
tard,  Pegge's  Forme  of  Cury,  p.  70. 

CRUSTATION.    The  cusps  of  windows. 

CRU  STIVE.    Covered  with  crust. 

CRUSTY.    Surly  ;  cross.    Var.  dial. 

CRUT.    A  dwarf.    North. 

CRUTCHET.    A  perch.     Warw. 

CRUTCH-NIB.  The  lower,  or  right  hand  handle 
of  a  plough. 

CRUTTLE.  (1)  A  crumb.    North. 

(2)  To  curdle.     Northumo. 

(3)  To  stoop  down ;  to  fall.    North. 

CRY.  (1)  Out  of  all  cry,  out  of  all  estimation. 
Nares.  "  Cry  you  mercy,"  I  beg  your  pardon. 

'2)  The  giving  mouth,  or  the  music  of  hounds. 

;3)  To  challenge,  bar,  or  object  to.    Somerset. 

r4)  A  proclamation.    (.*£•£) 

!5)  The  head.     (A.-N.) 
1RYANCE.    Fear.    (^.-Ar.) 

CRY'D-NO-CHILD,  A  woman  cried  down  by 
her  husband.  Lane. 

CRYING-OUT.  An  accouchement. 

CRYING  THE-MARE.  An  ancient  sport  in 
Herefordshire  at  the  harvest  home,  when  the 
reapers  tied  together  the  tops  of  the  last  blades 
of  corn,  and  standing  at  some  distance,  threw 
their  sickles  at  it,  and  he  who  cut  the  knot 
had  the  prize.  Also  called  crying-the-neck. 

CRYKE.    A  creek.     Prompt.  Pan). 

CRYMOSIN.    Crimson. 

CRYSEN,    Cries.     Audelay,  p.  2. 

CRYSINEDE.    Christened.    (A.-N.} 

Cowlefulle  cramede  of  cryainede  childyre. 

Mforte  Arthw  e,  MS.  Lincoln,  f.  64. 

CRYSOME.    See  Chrisome. 

And  founde  in  a  my  some  oure  Savyour  swote, 
A  blessyd  chylde  forrayd  in  blode  and  bone. 

MS.  Cantab.  Ff.  ii.  3d,  f.  q«. 

CRYSTALL.    The  crest? 

Befyse  smote  Quore  with  Mordelay 
Uj>on  the  helme  on  hye, 
That  the  cry&tatt  downe  fleye. 

MS.  Cantab.  Ff.  ii.38,  f.  123, 

CRYSTALS.   The  eyes.    Shak. 

CRYSTENDE.    Christened.    (A.-N.) 

CRYSTYANTE.    Christendom.     (A.-N.) 

CRYZOM.    Weakly.     Craven. 

CU.    A  cow.    (A..S.) 

CUB.  (1)  A  chest,  or  bin.   North. 

(2)  A  crib  for  cattle.    Glouc.  Also,  to  coop  up, 

or  confine  in  a  coop. 

)  A  lump  or  heap  of  anything ;  a  confused  mass. 

)  A  martern  in  the  first  year.    See  Blome's 

Gent.  Rec.  ii.  75.    Also,  a  young  fox. 
CUBA.    A  game  at  cards* 
CUBBORD.    A  sideboard.     Literally,  a  table 

for  holding  the  cups*  It  sometime*  bad  door* 


cue 


285 


CUL 


CUBBY-HOLE.    A  snug  place,     Var,  dial. 

CUBUR.    A  cover.    (A.-N.} 

CUCCU.    A  cuckoo.    (A.-S.} 

CUCK.  (1)  To  place  a  woman  in  the  cucking- 
stool,  q.  v. 

(2)  To  cast ;  to  throw.    North. 

CUCK-BALL.    Same  as  cucJcoo-ball,  q.  v. 

CUCKING-STOOL.  An  engine  formerly  used 
for  the  punishment  of  women,  "by  ducking 
them  in  the  water,  after  they  we  re  placed  in  a 
stool  or  chair  fixed  for  the  purpose.  The 
chair  was  sometimes  in  the  form  of  a  close 
stool,  and  the  back  of  it  generally  ornamented 
with  pictures  of  devils  flying  away  with  scolds, 
&c.  It  was  originally  used  for  the  punishment 
of  offences  against  the  assize,  Rehq.  Antiq.  ii. 
176,  but  was  afterwards  employed  for  scolds 
and  prostitutes,  and  continued  in  vogue  in 
some  places  till  the  middle  of  the  last  century. 
The  sitting  in  the  chair  with  the  feet  and  head 
bare  was  also  used  as  penance  unaccompanied 
with  trie  ducking,  and  the  form  of  the  stool  of 
course  contributed  to  increase  the  degrada- 
tion. See  further  in  Wright's  Archaeological 
Album,  No.  2. 

Item  if  an  womman  comme  onto  this  lordshep 
an  wold  be  kept  privee  withynne,  and  it  be  not  the 
steweholders  wil,  thei  shal  doo  the  officers  for  to 
wite  upon  the  peine  of  xl.  s,  and  the  same  womman 
shal  be  take  and  made  a  fyne  of  xx.  s.  and  be  sette 
thries  upon  de  cokyngestoele,  and  than  forswere  the 
lordship.  MS.  Bodl.  e  Mus.  229. 

CUCKOLD.  The  plant  burdock.  Cuckold's- 
buttons,  the  burrs  on  it. 

CUCKOLD'S-HAVEN.  A  spot  on  the  Thames, 
a  little  below  Rotherhithe,  frequently  alluded 
to  by  our  early  writers. 

CUCKOLD'S-KNOT.  A  noose  tied  so  that  the 
ends  point  lengthways. 

CUCKOO.    The  harebell.    Devon. 

CUCKOO-ALE.  Ale  drunk  out  of  doors  to  wel- 
come the  cuckoo's  return. 

CUCKOO-BALL.  A  light  ball  for  children, 
made  of  parti-coloured  rags. 

CUCKOO-BREAD.    The  wood-sorrel, 

CUCKOO-FLOWER.  Orchis  mascula,  Lin. 
The  beautiful  wild  lychnis  flosculi.  Gerard, 
p.  201,  "  wilde  water-cresses  or  cuckow  flow- 
ers, cardamine"  Nares  has  given  a  wrong 
explanation. 

CUCKOO-LAMB.  Early  lamb.  Oxon.  A  late 
yeaned  lamb.  Warw. 

CUCKOO-MALT.  Malt  made  in  the  summer 
months.  tVarw. 

CUCKOO'S-MAIDEN,     The  wryneck.   North. 

CUCKOO'S-MATE.    The  barley-bird.    East. 

CUCKOO- SPICE.     The  wood-sorrel. 

CUCKOO-SPIT.  The  white  froth  which  en- 
closes the  larva  of  the  cicada  spum&ria. 

CUCKOO-TIME.    Spring.    North. 

CUCKOW.    A  cuckold.    ShaJc. 

CUCK-QUEAN.    A  female  cuckold, 

CUCRY.    Cookery. 

CUCUBES.     Cubebs. 

CUCULLED.    Hooded.    (J at.) 


CUCURBITS.    A  gourd ;  a  vessel  shaped  like  a 

gourd.    ( Lat.) 
CU  CURD.    A  kind  of  plant. 

Tak  the  rute  of  the  wilde  cucwrd,  and  dry  it,  and 

schere  it  in  schyves,  and  mak  tentis  therof  to  fande 

hou  depe  the  hole  is.  MS.  Mad.  Line.  f.  313. 

CUD.    Could.    North. 
CUDBERDUCE.    The  Cuthbert-duck,  a  bird  of 

the   Farn  island  off  Northumberland.    See 

Arch,  xiii.  341. 
CUDDEN.    A  fool ;  a  clown. 
CUDDIAN.    A  wren.    Devon. 
CUDDLE.    To  embrace ;  to  hug ;  to  squeeze  ;  to 

lie  close  together. 
CUDDY.    Cuthbert.    North.     Cuddy-ass  is  a 

common  name  for  a  donkey.    Cuddy,  a  silly 

fellow. 

CUDDY'S-LEGS.    Large  herrings. 
CUDE-CLOTH.    A  chrisome  cloth.    North. 
CUDGEL.    To  embroider  thickly, 
CUDS-LIGGINS.   An  exclamation. 

He  smelt  soe  strangely,  I  told  him  yon  were  not 

within ;  foh,  cute  Hggin*,  I  cannot  get  the  sent  of 

him  out  of  my  nose.  MS.  BodL  30. 

CUD-WEED.    The  cotton  weed. 
CUE.  (1)  Half  a  farthing.    Minsheu.    A  cue  of 

bread  is  the  fourth  part  of  a  halfpenny  crust. 

"  J.  Woods,  under-butler  of  Christ  Church, 

Oxon,  said  he  would  never  sitt  capping  of 

cues"  Urry's  MS.  add.  to  Ray.  A  cue  of  beer, 

one  draught. 

(2)  A  horse-shoe ;  the  tip  of  a  shoe  made  in  that 
form.    West.    Also,  an  ox's  sine. 

(3)  In  acting,  the  final  or  catch-word  of  a  speech. 
Cue-fellows,  actors  who  play  together. 

(4)  Humour ;  temper.    Var.  dial. 
CUERPO.    To  be  in  cuerpo,  to  be  stripped  of 

the  upper  garment. 
CUFERE.    To  cover ;  to  conceal. 

Salle  no  fallace  cufere  our  case, 
Ne  consaile  gette  \ve  noghte. 

Poem  on  Death,  Lincoln  MS. 

CUFF.  (1)  To  beat.   To  cuff  over,  to  dilate.   To 
cuff  out,  to  pour  out. 

(2)  To  insinuate.     East. 

( 3)  An  old  fellow.    Middle. 

(4)  Glove,  or  meteyne.    Pr.  Para. 
CUFFEN.    A  churl.    See<7fcjf(3). 
CUFFINQUIRE.    A  justice  of  the  peace. 
CUGLION.    A  stupid  fellow.    (Ital)    Some. 

times  in  the  worst  sense,  a  scoundrel. 
CUIFF.    To  walk  awkwardly.    RortA. 
CUINSE.    To  carve  a  plover. 
CUIRASS.    Armour  for  the  breast  and  back. 
CUIRBOULY.    Tanned  leather.    (A.-N.) 
CUISSES.    Armour  for  the  thighs. 
CUIT.    A  kind  of  sweet  wine.    See  Flono,  \,y. 

104,  128,  143,  505. 
CUKER.    Part  of  a  woman's  horned  head-dress 

generally  fringed  with  fur. 
CUKKTNE.    Alvum  exonerare.    Pr.  Parv. 
CUKSTOLE.    The  toadstool. 
CULCH.    lumber ;  stuff;  refuse  of  nay  khicU 

East. 

CULDE.    Killed.   Rifson. 
CULDORE.  A  colander. 


CUL 

CULE.    The  fundament.    (A.-N.) 
CULERAGE.    The  herb  arsmart. 
CULL.  (1)  The  bull-head.    Glow. 


236 


GUN 


(2 


To  pick  ;  to  choose.    Var.  dial. 


To  embrace.    Somerset. 
A  cheat  ;  a  devil.  Northumft. 
Silly;  simple.    North. 
(6)  To  pull  ;  to  enforce.    Skinner. 
CULLAVINE.    Columbine.    North. 
CULLEN.    Cologne. 
CULLER.   A  chooser.    Florio. 
CULLERS.  (1)  Colours.    Alleyn  Papers,  p.  29. 
(2)  Refuse  sheep,  culled  from  a  flock  as  unfit  for 

the  market.    Spelt  culliars  by  Elyot,  1559. 

See  the  Nomenclator,  p.  50. 
CULLICE.    To  beat  to  a  jelly.    Shirty.    No 

doubt  from  cuttis,  q.  v. 
CULLING.    The  light  corn  separated  from  the 

rest  in  winnowing. 
CULLINGS.    See  Cutters  (2). 
CULLION.     See  Cuglion, 
CULLION-HEAD.    A  bastion. 
CULLIS,    A  very  fine  and  strong  broth,  well 

strained,  much  used  for  invalids,  especially 

for  consumptive  persons. 
CULLISANCE.    A  badge  of  arms.    See  Tarl- 

ton's  Jests,  p.  12.    Also  spelt  cuttisen.    It  is 

corrupted  from  wgnisance^ 
CULLOT.   A  cushion  to  ride  pa,  formerly  used 

by  couriers. 

CULLS.    See  Cullers  (2). 
CULLY.  (1)  To  cuddle.     Wore. 
(2)  Foolish  ;  silly, 

CULLY-FABLE.    To  wheedle.     YorJcsh. 
CULME.  The  summit.  According  to  Minsheu, 

smoke  or  soot.    The  latter  meaning  is  per- 

haps from  the  Prompt.  Parv, 
CULORUM.     The  conclusion,  moral,  or  corol- 

lary of  a  tale  or  narrative.  See  Depos.  Ric.  II, 

pp.  3,  29  ;  Piers  Ploughman,  pp.  60,  198. 
GULP.    A  heavy  blow.    East. 
CULPATE.    To  blame.    Hall. 
CULPE.    Blame;  fault.    (Lat.) 
CULPIN.  A  taking  away  from  the  flour.  West. 
CULPIT.    A  large  lump  of  anything.    East. 

See  Culpons, 
CULPONS.     Shreds;    logs.     (A.-N.)     Also, 

handfuls  or  small  parcels  of  anything,  as  of 

herbs,  sticks,  &c.    "  Culpons  or  peces,"  Arch. 

xxi.  35.     Culpone,  to  cut  into  gobbets. 
CULPYNES.  Part  of  a  horse's  trappings.    See 

Hall,  Henry  VIII.  f.  79.  * 

CULRACHE.    The,  herb  arsmart. 
CULT.    To  jag  a  dress. 
CULTOR.    A  coulter;  a  blade.    (^U&) 
CULVARD.    Treacherous  ;  cowardly.    (A.-N.) 
CULVER,   (1)  A  dove.    (^.-£)     The  wood- 

pigeon  is  still  so  called  in  Devon. 
(2)  To  beat  ;  to  throb.    East. 
CULVER-HEADED,     Thick-headed  ;   s,tupi<J. 
A  stack  thatched  with  straw  or  stubbie  is 
said  to  be  culver-headed. 
CULVER-HOUSE.    4  pigeon-house. 
CULVER-KEYS.    The  bunches  of  pods  which 


contain  the  seeds  of  the  ash.   Also  explained, 

the  columbine. 

CULVERT.     A  drain ;  a  small  arch. 
CULVERTAGE.     Cowardice.     SJcinner. 
CULVERWORT.     Columbine. 
CUM.     Came.     Langtoft. 
CUMAND.  (1)  Commanded,    fflnot. 
(2)  Coming.     Ritson. 
CUMBER.     A  care,  danger,  or  inconvenience; 

trouble;  a  tumult.    Also,  to  be  benumbed, 

confounded  with  grief. 

CUMBER-GROUND.   Anything  useless.    Cor- 
responding to  combre-world,  q.  v.  Cumberlin, 

Chesh,  Gloss. 

CUMBERMENT.    Trouble ;  vexation. 
CUMBLE.    Full  measure, 
CUM  BLED.     Oppressed;  cramped;  stiffened 

with  cold.     Comelyd,  Pr.  Parv. 
CUMBLY-COLP.     Stiff  and  benumbed  with 

cold ;  intensely  cold.    East. 
CUMEN.    They  come,  pi. 
CUMFIRIE.    The  daisy.    MS.  Harl.  978. 
CUMFORDUN,    Encouraged. 
CUMLING.     See  Comeling. 

For  they  have  cwmlyngys  yn  and  oute, 
Of  swyche  shulde  men  have  grete  doute. 

MS.  Harl,  1701,  f.  15. 

GUMMED.    Came.    North. 
CUMMED^MILK.    Curds  and  whey,    Lane, 
CUMMY.    Stale;  bad-smelling.    South. 
CUMMYS.     Comes. 

CUMNAWNTE.    An  agreement.    Pr.  Part'. 
CUMPANYABLE.    Sociable ;  friendly. 
CUMPASTE.     Contrived. 

With  a  trewelufe  on  the  molde, 

Cvmpaste  ful  clene. 

MS.  Lincoln  A.  i.  17,  f.  134. 

CUMVAY.    To  convey.    See  Ywaine  ami  Ga- 

win,  1494,  ap.  Ritson,  i.  63. 
CUN.     Kinejcows.     (^.-£) 
CUND.    To  give  notice,  to  show  whicn  way  a 

shoal  of  fish  is  gone. 
CUNDE,    Kind;  nature. 
CUNDETH.    A  conduit.    North. 
CUND Y.    A  sewer ;  a  conduit,    North. 
CUNDYDE.    Enamelled. 
CUNE.  (1)  Same  as  coigns,  q.  v. 
(2)  Coin.    Pr.  Parv. 
CUNEAL.    The  principal  bone  of  the  head, 

Cotgrave,  in  v.  Os. 

CUNGE.    To  give  leave  or  license.    Pr.  Parv, 
CUNGER.    A  cucumber,     Warw. 
CUNGIT.    The  level  of  a  mine. 
CUNGYR.    The  conger  eel. 
CtJNIE.    Moss.     Carnw. 
CUNLIFF.    A  conduit.    North. 
CUNNE.    (1)  To  know. 

The  whilke  alle  creators  that  lufes  God  Al- 

myghtene  awe  to  knawe  and  to  cunne,  and  lede 

thaire  lyfe  aftire^JBS.  Lincoln  A.  i.  17,  f.  214. 

(2)  Thankfulness.     Versteaan, 

(3)  Kin.    Ritson. 

SFrS?I!?LE*  To  dissemble?  to  flatter. 
CUNNING.     (1)  Knowledge;  skill 

adjective,  skilful,  knowing. 
(2)  The  lamprey.    North. 


CUR 


287 


CUR 


CUNNING-MAN.    A  conjurer ;  an  astrologer. 
Cunning-woman,  Lilly,  ed.  1632,  sig.  Aa.  xii. 
From  cunning,  q.  v, 
CUNRICHE.    A  kingdom.     (A.-S.} 
CUNTBLOWS.  '  Chamomile  flowers.    East. 
CUNTEK.     A  contest ;  a  debate. 

Yn  Londun  toune  fyl  swyche  a  chek, 
A  ryche  man  and  pore  were  at  cuntek. 

MS.  Hart.  1701,  f.  18. 

CUNTER.    An  encounter.    (A.-N.) 

CUNTRERE.    A  country.     Weber. 

CUNTY.     A  countess.     Hearne. 

CUNYNG.    A  rabbit. 

Fatt  cunyngs  y-newe, 

The  fesant  and  the  curlewe. 

MS.  Lincoln  A.  i.  17,  f.  136. 

CUP.    Come  up !     Var.  dial. 

CUPALO.  A  smelting-house.  Cupel,  a  melt- 
ing-pot for  gold. 

CUPBOARD.  Same  as  cuUord,  q.v.  Cup- 
board-cloth, a  cloth  to  cover  it,  Ord.  and 
Reg.  pp.  75,  286.  Cupboard-headed,  stupid, 
and  shallow. 

CUPHAR.    A  craQking.     (Fr.) 

CUP-OF-SNEEZE.    A  pinch  of  snuff. 

CUPPE-MELE.    Cup  by  cup.    (A.-S.) 

CUPROSE.     The  poppy.    North. 

CUPSHOTTEN.  Tipsy.  See  Harrison's  Eng- 
land, p.  168 ;  Florio,  p.  602. 

CUR.  (1)  The  heart.     (Fr.) 

(2)  A  currish  worthless  person. 

(3)  The  bull-head.    East. 

CURAT.  The  cuirass.  See  Greene,  i.  6  ;  Brit. 
Bibl.  ii.  489 ;  Drayton's  Poems,  p.  66. 

CURATION.     Cure ;  healing.     ( Lat.} 

CURATSHIP.    A  curacy. 

CURB.    To  bend,  or  cringe.    (Fr.) 

CURBER.  A  thief  who  hooked  goods  out  of  a 
window.  DeJcfar. 

CURCH.    A  church.    North. 

CURCITE.    A  surcoat. 

CURE.  (1)  To  care.  (A.-N.)  Also  a  substan- 
tive, care,  anxiety. 

(2)  To  cover ;  to  conceal. 

Or  were  there  ouy  t,apite&  large  or  wyde, 
The  nakid  grounde  to  curen,  or  to  hide. 

Lydgate,  MS.  Soc.  Antiq,  134,  f.  25. 

CURF.    To  earth  up  potatoes. 

CURFEW-BELL.  The  evening  bell,  which  was 
generally  rung  at  eight  o'clock,  for  the  object 
of  having  all  fires  and  lights  extinguished,  a 
requisite  precaution  in  ancient  times.  The 
name  and  use  is  still  retained  at  Newcastle. 
It  was  sometimes  rung  as  late  a<s  nine  o'clock, 
and  the  time  probably  varied  with  the  seasons 
of  the  year. 

CUR-FISH.     The  dpg-fish.    ffifor. 

CURIAL.    Courtly.   (Lat.) 

CURIET.    A.  cuirass.    Spenser. 

CURING.    A  covering. 

CURIOSITY.  Scrupulousness;  niceness  in 
dress,  or  otherwise. 

CURIOUS.  (1)  Scrupulous;  nice;  fastidious; 
dandyfied.  Common  ia  old  plays.  Curiously, 
Florio,  in  v.  Contigia. 

(2)  Careful.     (4*.N.) 


CURIUS.    Courageous,     (A*-N.) 
CURL.     A  pig's  inward  fat.    Line. 
CURLEY-POW.    A  curly  head. 
CURLIWET.     The  sanderling. 
CURMUDGEON.    A  miserly  fellow. 
CURNBERRIES.     Currants.    North. 
CURNEL.    A  kernel. 

And  thre  cwnels  he  $af  to  hym, 
Whiche  of  that  tre  he  nam. 
Cursor  Mundi,  MS.  Coll.  Trin.  Cantab,  f.9. 
CURNES.     Cora. 

Whenne  thei  were  ripe  he  let  hem  renne, 
And  ^o  her  curnes  dud  he  brenne. 

Cursor  Afundi,  MS.  Coll.  Trin.  Cqntdb,  f.  45, 
CURNOCK.    Four  bushels  of  corn. 
CURPEYS.     See  Courtepy. 

Yn  curtellis  and  in  curpeys  ryche 
They  were  y-clothyd  alle  y-lyche. 

MS.  Cantab.  Ff.  i.  6,  f.  S. 

CURRAIGE.    Courage. 
CURRAKE.     A  cow-rake.     Chesh. 
CURRALL.    Coral.    See  Cotgrave,  in  v.  Grille 

tier;  Brome's  Songs,  1661,  p.  31. 
CURRAN-BERRIES.    Currants.    'N 
CURRANT.     A  high  leap.    /.  Wight. 
CURRE.    A  kind  of  waggon.     (A.-N.} 
CURREIDEN.    Courted ;  eurried  favour. 
CURREL.    A  rill,  or  drain.    East. 
CURRETTER.    A  canvasser ;  a  broker. 
CURRE  YE,    A  waggon  train.     Weber. 
CURRIED.    Wrought,  as  steel  is. 
CURRISH.    Churlish;  surly. 
CURROUR.     A  runner.     ( Lat.} 
CURRULE,    A  chariot.    (Lat.) 
CURRY.    To  flog ;  to  beat.     Korth. 
CURRYDOW.    A  flatterer.     (/K) 
CURRYFAVEL.    One  who  curries  favour;  a 

flatterer.    (Fr.) 

CURRYPIG.    A' sucking-pig.     Wilts. 
CURSE.    The  course  or  time. 

With  an.  orloge  one  Mghte 

To  rynge  the  cwse  of  the  nyght. 

MS.  Lincoln  A.  i.  tf,  f.  136. 

CUKSEDNESS.    Wickedness;  shrewishness. 

CURSELARY.    Cursory.    Skdk, 

CUESEN.    To  christen.     Cumb. 

CURSENMAS.    Christmas.    North. 

CURSETOR.  A  vagabond,  or  vagrant.  An  old 
cant  term.  According  to  Grose,  a  pettifogger. 

CURSORARY.    Cursory.    Shak. 

CURST.  Ill-tempered;  cross-grained;  malig- 
nant ;  malicious ;  abusive.  Vicious,  applied 
to  animals.  An  archaism  aytdpr<?v< 

CURSTY.    Chnstopher.    North, 

CURSY.     Courtesy.     Lilly. 

CURT.    Court.    (A.-N.) 

CURTAIL-DOG.  Originally  the  fog  of  an  un- 
qualified, person,  wlach  by  the  fc-rest  laws 
must  have  its  tail  cu,t  sh^rt,  pajtiy,  as  ^^m^, 
and  partly  from  a  n,o&04  that  fte  t?ij  i&  ne- 
cessary to  him  in  ranDoag.  la  later  usage* 
curtail-doff  means  either  9  comi&pi*  "dog,,  not 
meant  for  sp«»4  c#  a  dog  that  missed  ^ 
game.  Ncwes* 

CURTAINERS.    Curtains.    Lews. 

CURTA&. .  A  docked  hoarse ;  any  cropped  auir 


cus 


288 


CUT 


maL  "  I  wyll  cutte  of  my  horse  tayle,  and 
make  hym  a  court  ault"  Palsgrave.  In  the 
cant  language,  a  beggar  -with  a  short  cloak. 
There  was  a  kind  of  cannon  also  so  called,  as 
appears  from  Hall,  Henry  VIII.  f.  43. 
CURTE.  (1)  Court.  Audelay,  p.  17. 

(2)  Courtesy.    Reliq.  Antiq.  i.  82. 

(3)  Short,     (^.-.y.) 
CURTEIS.     Courteous.    (A.-N.)   ' 
CURTELE.    A  kirtle. 

God  made  hem  thcime  cwteles  of  hide, 
Therwith  her  flesshe  for  to  shride. 

Cutsor  Mttvdi,  MS.  Cantab,  f.  6. 

CURTELS.    The  nerves  of  the  body. 

CURTESY-MAN.  A  polite  thief;  one  of  the 
ancient  swell-mob. 

CURTILAGE.    A  yard,  or  paddock. 

CURTLE-AX.  A  cutlass.  Sometimes  curtlasse, 
as  in  Du  Bartas,  p.  360. 

CURTNURS.    Curtains.     Lane. 

CURTOLE.  A  kind  of  fine  stuff.  Perhaps  a 
kirtle  in  I  Promos  and  Cassandra,  i.  4. 

CURVATE.    Curved;  bent.     (Lat.) 

CURVE N.     To  cut ;  to  carve  off.     (A.-S.) 

CURY.     Cookery.    (A.-N.) 

CURYSTE.     Curiosity.     (A,-N.) 

CUS.    A  kiss.    North. 

CUSCHCNE.    A  cushion.    Pr.  Parv. 

CUSHAT.    A  ringdove,  or  wild  pigeon. 

CUSHIA.    The  cow-parsnip.    North. 

CXJSHIES.     Armour  for  the  thighs. 

CUSHION.  A  riotous  kind  of  dance,  formerly 
venr  common  at  weddings,  generally  accom- 
Damea  wiin  kissing.  See  Brit.  Bibl.  ii.  270. 
io  be  put  beside  the  cushion,  to  be  passed 
over  with  contempt.  To  hit  or  miss  the 
cushion,  to  succeed  or  fail  in  an  attempt. 

CUSHIONET.  A  small  cushion.  (FrJ)  See 
the  Citye  Match,  1639,  p.  11. 

CUSHION-LORD.  A  lord  made  by  favour,  and 
not  for  good  service  to  the  state ;  hence,  an 
effeminate  person. 

CUSHION-MAN.    A  chairman.    East. 

CUSHION-RUMPED.  Having  two  large  bun- 
dles of  fat  on  the  rump.  North. 

CUSHION-THUMPER.  Amethodist  preacher. 
Veer.  dial. 

CUSH-LOVE.  A  term  of  endearment  used  to 
a  cow.  Also,  cushy-cow. 

CUSHY-COW-LADY.    A  lady-bird. 

CUSK.    The  wild  poppy.    Warw. 

CUSKIN.  A  drinking  cup.  "  A  cup,  a  cusMn," 
Nomenclator,  p.  232. 

CUSKY.    A  couch?    Urry,  p.  59  7. 

CUSP.  In  astrology,  the  beginning  or  entrance 
of  a  house. 

CUSS.    Surly ;  shrewish.    Sussex. 

DUSSE.    To  kiss.    (A.-N.) 

3USSEN.    Cast ;  dejected.    North. 

DUSSIN.    A  cushion. 

}UST.    See  Cast  (1). 

BUSTARD.  The  "schoolmaster's  ferula,  or  a 
slap  on  the  flat  hand  with  it.  Also  called 
custick,  or  custis. 

CUSTARD-POLITIC.  The  large  custard  pre- 
pared for  the  Lord  Mayor's  feast 


CUSTE.    Kissed.     (A.-N,) 

CUST1N.    A  wild  plum.    Somerset. 

CUSTOMABLE.    Customary. 

CUSTOMAL.  A  collection  of  customs,  Lam- 
barde's  Perambulation,  ed.  1596,  p.  539. 

CUSTOMAUNCE.    A  custom.    Lydgate. 

CUSTOME.  To  accustom  one's  self.  Also,  to  pay 
the  legal  custom  or  duty. 

CUSTOMER.    Accustomed.    (A.-N.) 

CUSTRELL.  One  who  carried  the  arms  of  a 
knight.  See  Hall,  Henry  VIII.  f.  6. 

CUT.  (1)  A  familiar  name  for  an  animal,  gene- 
rally a  horse,  properly  one  with  a  short  or  cut 
tail.  Hence,  a  term  of  reproach.  "  Cut  and 
long  tail,"  all  kinds  of  dogs,  everything,  a  very 
common  phrase,  unquoted  instances  of  which 
occur  in  Harrison's  England,  p.  62  ;  Stani- 
hurst,  p.  25.  It  corresponds  to  our  tag,  rag, 
and  bobtail. 

(2)  A  slow-worm.  North. 

(3)  A  whore.    Also,  cunnus. 

(4)  To  draw  cuts,  to  draw  lots.   Slips  of  unequal 
length  are  held  in  the  hand  of  one  party  with 
the  ends  peeping  out,  and  he  who  draws  the 
longest  is  the  winner.    This  operation  was 
sometimes  a  mere  sport. 

(5J  A  canal.     Var.  dial. 

f  6)  To  say ;  to  speak.    Harman. 

m  To  castrate.     Var.  dial. 

(8)  A  skein  of  yarn.    North. 

(9)  To  beat  soundly.    Devon. 

(10)  To  scold ;  to  quarrel. 

(11)  A  door-hatch.     Somerset. 

(12)  Drunk  ;  tipsy.     Var.  dial. 

(13)  Cut  and  run,  cut  your  stick,  be  off,  be  gone. 
Cut  away,  to  proceed  expeditiously.    Cut-in- 
the-coxcombj   cut-in-the-back,   drunk,   tipsy. 
Cut  up,  mortified.     Cut  up  well,  to  die  rich. 

CUTBERDOLE.    Brank-ursine. 

CUTE.  Shrewd ;  clever ;  quick ;  active  ;  expe- 
ditious. Var.  dial. 

CUTES.    The  feet.    North. 

CUTH.    Taught ;  instructed.    (A.-S.) 

CUTHA.    Quoth  he.  East. 

CUTHE.  (1)  Made  known.    (A.-S.) 

( 2)  Acquaintance,  relationship. 

CUTHER.    An  inter),  of  surprise. 

CUTLINS.    Oatmeal  grits.    North. 

CUT- MEAT.  Hay;  fodder;  chaff,  cut  into 
short  lengths.  North. 

CUT-PURSE.    A  thief. 

CUTS.    A  timber-carriage.    Line. 

GUTTED.    Cut ;  split ;  formed,  or  shaped. 

CUTTE  N.     Cut  down.    North. 

CUTTER.  (1)  To  fondle,    lane. 

(2)  A  robber ;  a  ruffian.  Also,  a  rough  swagger- 
ing fighter. 

(3}  To  speak  low  ;  to  whisper.    North. 

(4)  An  engraver.    North. 

GUTTERING.    Co'oing.   North. 

CUT-THROAT.  A  highway  robber.  Hence 
any  evil- looking  fellow. 

CUTTING.    Swaggering ;  ruffling. 

CUTTING-KNIFE.    A  large  triangular  instru 

*  me  nt  for  cutting  hay.    South* 


DAD 


289 


DAF 


CUTTING-THE-NECK.  The  same  sport  as 
crying-the-mare,  q,  v. 

CUTTLE.  The  knife  used  by  a  thief  in  cutting 
purses.  DeJcker. 

CUTTLE-HEADED.  Foolish.  Hallamsh.  Gloss. 
Possibly  connected  with  cuttle,  2  Henry  IV.  ii. 
4,  though  the  commentators  have  not  noticed 
that  a  similar  phrase  is  previously  used  by 
Doll  Tear-sheet  in  the  same  scene,  "  hang- 
yourself,  you  muddy  conger,  hang  yourself !" 

CUTTY.  (1)  A  wren.     Somerset. 

(2)  Small ;  diminutive.    North. 

(3)  A  knife.    North. 

(4)  A  hobgoblin.    Somerset. 

(5)  A  cradle.    fFest. 
CUTTY-GUN.    A  short  pipe.    North. 
CUT-WAST.    An  insect.     Topsdl 
CUTWITH.    The  bar  of  the  plough  to  which 

the  traces  are  tied. 
CUT-WORK.    Open  work  in  linen,  stamped  or 

cut  by  hand.    Nares. 
CUYL.    The  fundament.    (^.-M) 
CUYP.    To  stick  up.    Norf. 
CUZ.    A  contraction  of  cousin. 
CWENE.    When. 

CWERTERNE.    A  prison.    Ferstegan, 
CWINE.    A  quern.     V erst  eg  an. 
CWITH.    A  will,  or  testament.     Verstegan. 
CYBERE.     Sinoper.    Caxton. 


CYCL A  S.   The  siglaton,  a  military  garment,  not 
unlike  a  Dalmatic,  but  shorter  before  than 
behind.    It  was  made  of  woven  gold,  some- 
times of  silk,  and  emblazoned. 
CYLING.    Ceiling.     W,  Wore. 
CYLK.    A  kind  of  sauce. 
CYLOURS.    The  ceiling.    Maundevile. 
CYMAR.    A  loose  gown  or  robe;  any  slight 

covering.    (Fr.) 
CYMBALED.    Played  on  a  cymbal. 

She  cymbaled,  tomblyng  with  alle, 
Alle  wondride  on  hir  in  the  halle. 
Cursor  Mundi,  MS.  Coll.  Trin.  Cantab,  f.  82. 

CYME?    Macbeth,  v.  3,  ed.  1623.    An  error  for 

senna.    No  editor  observes  that  the  second 

folio  reads  cany. 
CYNE.    A  kind  of  sauce. 
CYNEBOTE.    The  cenegild. 
CYPHEL.    Houseleek.    North. 
CYPHER.   To  cypher  off  a  square  edge,  to  make 

two  edges  for  that  one.    A  joiner's  term, 
CYPUR.    The  cypress  tree. 
CYRIP.    Sirrup.    Pegge. 
CYTHER.    Cider.    (A.~N?) 
GYVE.    A  sieve.    Translated  by  criorum  in  MS. 
.  Egerton  829. 

GYVES.     Onions ;  chives ;  chibbols. 
CYZERS.    Scissors.    See  Cunningham's  Revels 

Accounts,  p.  82. 


DA.  (1)  Dame.    Hearne. 
(2)  A  doe.    See  Ywaine  and  Gawin,  2027. 
Daa  in  Syr  Gawayne. 
DAARE.    To  dazzle.  Phllpot,  p.  309. 
DAB.  (1)  A  pinafore.    Line. 

(2)  Dexterous ;  clever.    Also,  an  adept. 

(3)  A    slight    blow.     Var.   dial.     See    Kyng 
Alisaunder,  2306,  7304.    Also  a  verb,  as  in 
Ritson's  Anc.  Songs,  p.  22. 

(4)  An  insignificant  person. 

(5)  A  small  quantity.   South. 

(6)  To  dibble.    Norf. 
DABATE.     Strife.    Gawayne. 
DABBISH.    An  inter),  of  vexation. 
DAB  BIT.    A  very  small  quantity. 
DABBY.    Moist :  adhesive.     Far.  dial. 
DAB-CHICK.    The  water-hen.    North. 
DABSTER.    A  proficient.    North. 
DAB-WASH.    A  small  wash.    Warw. 
DACIAN.    A  vessel  used  for  holding  the  sour 

oat-cake.    Derbysh. 
DACITY.    Activity ;  vivacity.    North. 
DACKER.     To  waver ;  to  stagger ;  to  totter ;  to 

hesitate.     Line.   Now  generally  pronounced 

darter.    Dacker-weather,  unsettled  weather. 

According  to  Urry,  to  contend  with. 
DACKLES.     Globules  of  water  on  walls,  &c. 

caused  by  damp.    Sussex. 
DACKY.    A  sucking  pig.    Salop. 
DAD.  (1)  A  large  piece.  North. 

(2)  To  shake ;  to  strike.  North. 

(3)  A  blow;  a  thump.  (Teut.) 

(4)  Father.    Var.  dial. 

(5)  "  In  dad/'  an  adjuration. 


DADACKY.     Tasteless.     Pegge.     More    cor. 

rectly,  decayed,  rotten. 

D ADDER.    To  confound ;  to  perplex.   Dorset. 
DADDICK.   Rotten  wood ;  touch-wood.    West. 

Spelt  daddac  by  Urry. 
DADDLE.  (])  To  trifle.   North. 

(2)  A  pea-shooter.    Yor&sh. 

(3)  The  fist,  or  hand.    East. 

(4)  To  do  anything  imperfectly.  Craven.  Hence, 
to  toddle,  or  waddle. 

DADDY.  Father.  DaddyVbairn,  a  child  like 
its  father  in  everything. 

DADE.  To  lead  children  beginning  to  walk. 
Hence,  figuratively,  to  move  slowly.  Drayton 
uses  the  term,  as  quoted  by  Nares,  who  is  at 
fault  as  to  the  meaning.  Davding-strings,  lead- 
ing strings. 

DADGE.  (1)  A  large  lump.  North. 

(2)  To  walk  clumsily.  North. 

DADLESS.    Useless ;  stupid.    North. 

DMDAL.    Variegated.    Spenser. 

DAFF,  (1)  To  daunt.  North.  To  put  a  daff  on 
a  person,  to  make  him  afraid.  Daff,  a  dastard 
or  coward. 

(2)  To  doff,  or  do  off.   Shak. 

(3)  Doughy.    Line. 
(4J  David.    South. 

(5)  A  priest.    Craven. 
DAFFAM,   A  silly  person.   Craven. 
DAFFE.   A  fool,    (A.-S.)   In  Pr.  Parv,  p.  Ill, 

one  who  speaks  not  in  time,  or  roughly. 
Oridurus,  aspere  loquens,  vel  qui  non  vult  os 
aperire,  J.  de  Janua. 
DAFFER.    Small  crockery-ware. 

19 


DAG  290 

DAFFIN.    Merriment,    Northumb. 

DAFFISH.  (1)  Shy;  modest.    West. 

(2)  Low-spirited.    Salop, 

DAFFLED.   In  one's  dotage.   North. 

DAFFOCK.    A  slut.    North. 

DAFFODOWN-DILLY.  A  daffodil. 

DAFT.  (1)  Stupid ;  foolish.   Var.  dial  "Wounder 

dafte,"  Chester  Plays,  i.  134,    Also  explained, 

fearful,  timid. 
(2)  To  put  off.  Shot. 
D  AFTER.   A  daughter.  East. 
DAFTLIKE.    Foolish.   North. 
DAG.  (1)  A  pistol.    Also,  to  fire  with  a  pistol, 

as  in  Aich.  xxviii.  137. 

(2)  A  rag.   Kent.  .      . 

(3)  To  drizzle.   North.    Also,  to  trail  or  dirty  in 
the  mire,  to  bedaub. 

)  Dew.   Also,  a  misty  shower. 

(5)  To  run  thick.    North. 

(6)  An  axe.    Devon. 

(7)  A  sharp  sudden  pain.    Beds. 

(8)  A  small  projecting  stump  of  a  branch.  Dorset. 

(9)  To  cut  off  the  dirty  locks  of  wool  from  sheep. 
Kent. 

(10)  To  daggle.  Urry. 
DAGE.  (1)  To  trudge.   Cumb. 
(2)  To  thaw.    'North. 

DAGGANDE.  Penetrating ;  piercing.  (A.-N.) 
Derfe  dynttys  they  dalte  with  daggande  sperys. 

Morte  Arthurs,  MS.  Lincolnt  f.  92. 

DAGGAR.    A  dog-fish.    Kennett. 

DAGGE.  A  slip,  or  shred,  loose  or  dangling. 
(A.-S.)  The  edge  of  a  garment  was  dagged, 
when  it  was  jagged  or  foliated.  This  custom 
was  formerly  much  in  fashion,  and  according 
to  the  Chronicle  of  St.  Albania,  ed.  1483,  in- 
troduced  about  1346.  "  Dagged  clothing/' 
Persones  Tale,  p.  44. 

DAGGED.    Tipsy.    North. 

DAGGER.  (1)  An  interj.  of  surprise. 

(2)  A  celebrated  ordinary  in  Holborn.   Dagger- 
ale  is  frequently  mentioned  in  early  writers. 

(3)  A  pistol.  See  Dag  (1). 
DAGGER-MONEY.    A  sum  of  money  formerly 

paid  to  the  justices  of  assize  on  the  Northern 
circuit,  to  provide  arms  against  marauders. 

DAGGERS.   Sword-grass.   Somerset. 

DAGGLE.  To  trail  in  the  dirt ;  to  run  like  a 
child.  North.  Daggle-tail,  a  slovenly  wo- 
man ;  anything  that  catches  the  bottom  of  the 
dress  in  walking. 

DAGGLY.   Wet ;  showery.    North. 

DAGLETS.    Icicles.    Wilts. 

DAGLINGS.    Sheep's  dung.    North. 

DAG-LOCKS.  The  dirty  soiled  locks  of  wool 
cut  off  sheep.  South. 

DAGON.  A  slip,  or  piece.  It  is  found  in 
Chaucer,  Berners,  and  Steevens'  Supp.  to 
Dugdale,  ii.  ap.  370,  applied  in  each  instance 
to  a  blanket. 

DAG- PRICK.     A  triangular  spade.    East. 

DAG  SWAIN.    A  rough  sort  of  coverlet,  used 
for  beds,  tables,  or  floors. 
Dub  ycle  w»th  dagiwaynrmst  dowblede  they  seme. 

Mvrte  drthure,  MS.  Lincoln,  f.  91. 


DAL 


DAG-WOOL.    Refuse  wool.    Kent. 

DAL    Judgement.    (d.-S.) 

DAIE.    To  die.     Weber. 

DAIESEYGHE.    The  daisy.    Weler. 

DAIKER.    To  saunter.    North. 

BAIL.    A  heap.    North. 

DAILE.    To  dally.    Hearne. 

DAIN.  (1)  Noisome  effluvia.    Wilte 

(2)  Disdain.     Also,  to   disdain.    "  Dennes    of 

daine"  Queene  Cordila,  p.  34. 
DAINOUS.    Disdainful.   (A.-N.) 
DAINTEOUSE.    Dainty;  delicate.    (A.-N.) 
DAINTREL.    A  delicacy.   (A.-N.) 
DAINTY.    Pleasant ;  worthy  ;  excellent.    Gene- 
rally, nice,   affected.     Also  a  substantive,  a 

novelty,  anything  fresh. 
DAIRIER.    A  dairy-man.   North 
DAIRNS.    Small,  unsaleable  fish. 
DAIROUS.    Bold.    Devon. 
DAIRYMAN.  One  who  rents  cows  of  a  farmer. 
DAIS.    See  Deis. 
DAISED.    Badly  baked,  or  roasted,  applied  to 

bread,  pastry,  or  meat.   North. 
DAISMENT-DAY.  The  day  of  Judgment.  This 

term  occurs  in  a  poem,  in  Drant's  Answer  to 

Shaddock,  1565. 
DAIVE.    To  sooth.   Cumb. 
DAKE.    To  prick,  or  run  in  a  point.    West. 
DAKER.    To  work  for  hire  after  the  usual  day's 

work  is  over.    North.  Also,  a  dispute. 
DAKER-HEN.    The  corn-crake.    Provincial  in 

1559.   Elyot,  in  v.  Crex. 
DAKERIN.  Walking  carelessly.    Cumb. 
DALCOP.    An  idiot.   North. 
D ALDER.    A  foreign  coin,  sometime  current  in 

England;  Harrison,  p.  219. 
DALE.  (1)  To  deal;  to  bestow.    (^.-S.) 
For  the  noblest  knight  that  may  go 
Is  none  so  doughty  dyntis  to  dale. 

MS.  Hcu-L  2252,  f.  101. 

(2)  A  lot,  or  share.   (A.-S.) 

For-thz  are  thay  worth!  to  lose  if  thay  any  gude 
hafe,  for  thay  stele  fra  thaire  Lorde  thatfalles  to  his 
dale.  MS.  Lincoln  A.  i.  17,  f.  241. 

(3)  A  vale.     Used  metaphorically  for  the  world. 

(4)  Mad ;  furious.    North. 

(5)  To  descend;  to  decline.   (Dut.) 
DALF.    Dug;  buried.    (A.-S.) 

Prively  thei  dud  hit  hide, 
And  df*J/hit  in  a  wodessyde. 
Cursor  Mundi,  MS.  Coll.  Trin,  Cantab,  f  49. 

DALIES.  A  child's  game  played  with  small 
bones,  or  pieces  of  hardwood.  The  dalieswerQ 
properly  sheep's  trotters.  Dally -bones,  Devon- 
shire Dial.  1839,  p.  G8. 

DALK.  A  dimple  in  the  flesh.  See  Reliq. 
Antiq.  ii.  78.  A  vale,  Pr.  Parv.  p.  112.  In 
the  following  passage  it  may  mean  the  small 
soft  substance  which  the  action  of  heat  leaves 
in  the  centre  of  a  hard  boiled  egg.  Ash  has, 
"  Dawk  (a  cant  word),  a  hollow,  a  place 
where  a  bit  has  been  cut  out  of  any  stuff." 

Al  erthe  may  wele  likned  be 

To  a  rounde  appul  on  a  tre, 

That  even  amydde  hath  a  colke  ; 

And  so  hit  may  to  an  egges  jolke, 


DAM 


291 


BAN 


For  as  a  dalk  is  amydward 
The  jolke  of  the  egge  when  hit  is  hard, 
So  is  helle  put,  as  clerkus  telles, 
Amydde  the  erthe,  and  uowher  elles. 

MS.  4*hmole  41,  f.  84. 
DALL.    A  petty  oath.    YorJesh. 
DALLACKED.    Gaudily  dressed.    Line. 
DALLARING.   Dressed  out  in  a  great  variety  of 

colours.    Line. 

DALLE.    The  hand.    From  D addle. 
DALLED.    Wearied.    North. 
DALLED-OUT,    See  DallacJced. 
DALLIANCE.    Hesitation ;  delay.    Shah 
DALLOP.    A  patch  of  ground  among  growing 
corn  which  the  plough  has  missed ;  a  rank  tuft 
of  growing  corn  where  heaps  of  manure  have 
lain ;  a  parcel  of  smuggled  tea  ;  a  slatternly 
woman ;  a  clumsy  and  shapeless  lump  of  any- 
thing tumbled  about  in  the  hands ;  to  paw, 
toss,  and  tumble  about  carelessly.  East. 
DALLUP.    A  slattern.  Norf. 
DALLY-BONES.     Sheep's  trotters.   Devon. 
DALLY-CAR.  A  deep  ditch.    Yortoh. 
DALMAHOY.    A  kind  of  bushy  bob  wig,  worn 
by  tradesmen  in  the  last  century,  especially  by 
chemists. 

DALMATIC.    A  garment  formerly  worn  by  a 
deacon,  and  described  as  vestis  sacerdotalis 
Candida  cum  clavis  purpureis.      It  was  also 
worn  by  the  English  monarehs  at  the  time  of 
their  coronation.  See  the  Rutland  Papers,  p.  17. 
DALT.    Dealt  out.    Daltyn,  pi. 
With  dyntes  sore  ganne  they  dere, 
And  depe  wondys  daltyn  thay.   MS.HarL  2252,  f.  121. 
DALY.    Lonely.    North.    "  The  daly  grounds," 
Dolarny's  Primerose,  4to.  1606,  abounding  in 
dales  ? 
DALYAWNCE.  Tittle-tattle.  Cov.  Myst.  This 

meaning  occurs  in  Pr.  Parv. 
DAM.    A  marsh.   Suffolk. 
DAMAGE,    Cost ;  expence.    Var.  dial 
D AMAGEOUS.   Damaging ;  hurtful. 
DA  MAS.  Damascus.   Hearne. 
DAMASEE.    The  damson.    Damyst,  Sqyr  of 
LoweDegre,  36. 

Pere  and  appille  bothe  rippe  thay  were, 
The  date  and  als  the  damasee. 

MS.  Lincoln  A.  i.  17,  f.  150. 

DAMASKING.   Damask-work. 

DAMASK-WATER.   A  perfumed  water. 

DAMASYN.   The  damson.   Palsgrave. 

DAMBE.   To  damn.  DeMer. 

DAMBET.  A  rascal.  DeMer. 

DAME.    Mistress ;  lady.    Now  used  in  humble 
life.    Also,  mother,  as  in  Perceval,  336, 1094. 

DAMIGEROUS.    Injurious. 

DAMMAREL.    An  effeminate  person,  fond  of 
courtship  and  dallying.   (Fr.) 

DAMMY-BOYS.     Same  as  Angry-boys,  q.  v. 
See  J.  Cleaveland  Revived,  1660,  p.  38. 

DAMN.  To  condemn  to  death. 

DAMNIFY.  To  hurt,  or  injure. 

At  the  same  time  this  earthquake  also  much 
damnified  Castel  Nuovo  and  the  neighbour  towns  in 
Albania,  belonging  to  the  Turks,  wiih  a  great  de- 
struction of  the  inhabit  an  ts. 

Mibrqft  Witts,  Royal  Soc-  MS,  p   109. 


DAMOSEL.    A  damsel.   (A.-N.) 
DAMP.  (1)  Dejection.   Becon. 

(2)  A  liquid  refreshment. 

(3)  Rainy ;  very  wet.    Oxon. 

DAMPER.    A  luncheon.    Also,  anything  said 

or  done  to  check  another. 
DAMPNE.     To  condemn.   (A.-N.)    Dammy. 

Launfal,  837. 
DAM  SAX.    A  broad  axe.   "  A  damsax  he  bar 

on  his  hond,"  Gy  of  Warwike,  p.  124. 
DAM-STAKES.   The  inclined  plane  over  which 

the  water  flows. 

DAMYCELLE.    A  damsel.   (A.-N.) 
DAN.  (1)  Scurf  on  animals.    East. 

(2)  Lord ;  sir ;  a  title  commonly  given  to  monks, 
but  more  extensively  used.   (Lat.) 

(3)  Than.    (A.-S.} 
DANAMARKES.  Danes. 

Ami  thus  the  derfe  DanamarTces  had  dyghte  alls 
theyre  chippys. 

Morte  Arthure,  MS.  Lincoln,  f.  91. 

DANCE.  A  journey.    Var.  dial 

DANCES.   Statutes.  Bailey. 

DANCH.  Dainty ;  nice.   North. 

DANDER.  (1)  Anger.    Var.  dial 

'2)  Scurf;  dandriff.  North. 
'3)  To  hobble.    Cumb.  * 

'4)  To  wander  about.  Also,  to  talk  incohe- 
rently. Chesh. 

DANDILLY.  A  vain  woman.  Line. 

DANDIPRAT.  A  dwarf,  or  child.  Grose  says, 
"  an  insignificant  or  trifling  fellow."  Also  an 
inferior  coin,  not  current,  but  in  occasional 
use  in  the  sixteenth  century.  Camden  says  it 
was  coined  by  Henry  VII. 

DANDLING.  A  fondling  child. 

DANDRIL.    A  thump.    Line. 

DANDY.  Distracted.   Somerset. 

DANDY-CANDY.   Candied  sweetmeats.  Newc. 

DANDY-COCK.  Or  dandy-hent  one  of  the 
Bantam  breed,  Var,  dial. 

DANE.    Noise ;  clatter ;  din.  East. 

DANEIS.  Danish.    (A.-N.) 

DANES-BLOOD.  Banewort. 

Danes-blood,  (ebulus,)  about  Slaughtonford,  is 
plenty.  There  was  heretofore  a  great  fight  with  the 
Danes,  which  made  the  inhabitants  give  it  that 
name.  Aubrey's  Wilts,  MS.  Royal  Sot:  p.  120. 

DANG.  (1)  An  imprecation,  perhaps  a  softening 
of  damn.  It  is  very  common  in  the  provinces. 

(2)  To  throw  down,  or  strike  with  violence. 
"  Dang'd  down  to  hell/'  Marlowe,  iii.  352. 
Dange,  struck,  Eglamour,  550. 

DANGER.  (1)  A  dangerous  situation.  (A.-N.) 
Also,  coyness,  sparingness. 

(2)  Debt.    Merch.  Yen.  iv.  1. 

DAN  GERE.  Lordship,  pr  dominion ;  the  power 
which  the  feudal  lord  possessed  over  his  vas- 
sals. (A.-N.) 

DANGERFUL.   Dangerous. 

DANGEROUS.  (1)  In  danger.   West. 

f&\  Difficult ;  sparing.   (A.-N.) 

w,  Arrogant;  supercilious. 

DANGU.  A  dungeon ;  a  tower.   (A.-N.* 

DANGUS.  A  slattern.  Lane. 


BAR 


292 


DAT 


DANGWALLET,  A  spendthrift.    Explained  in 

some  dictionaries,  abundantly. 
DANK.   Moist ;  damp. 

One  the  darike  of  the  dewe  many  dede  lyggys, 

jforte  Arthure,  MS.  Lincoln,  f.  92 

DANKER.  A  dark  cloud,   North. 
DANKISH.'  Moist.  Huloet. 
DANNACK.  A  gaiter  or  buskin.  Norf. 
D  ANNEX.  A  bad  character.  North. 
DANNIES.  Grey  stockings.   Derb. 
DANNOCKS.  (1)  Oat  cakes.  North. 
(2)  Hedger's  gloves.  East. 
DANS.  Yearling  sheep.  East. 
DANSERS.  Dancing  dogs. 
DANSKE.  Denmark.  Also,  Danish. 
DANT.  (1)  A  profligate  woman.    Skdton. 
(2)  To  tame.   Du  Bartas,  p.  369.     Also,  to  re- 
duce metals  to  a  lower  temper. 
D ANTON.    To  tame.  Florio,  p.  11. 
DAP.  (1)  To  hop.   Somerset. 

(2)  A  hop ;  a  turn.     Hence,  the  habits  of  any 
one.    West. 

(3)  Fledged.    Yorfoh. 

(4)  The  nip  of  a  key. 

DAPPER.    Active  ;  smart.    Var.  dial. 
DAPPERLING.  A  dwarf,  or  child. 
DAPS.   Likeness.  Devon. 
DAPSILITY.    Handiness. 
BAR.  (1)  More  dear ;  dearer.  North. 

Thy  bare  body  ys  dew-re  to  me 
Then  all  the  gode  in  Crystyant& 

MS.  Cantab.  Ff.  ii.  38,  f.  172. 
DARBY,  Ready  money.    Var.  dial 
DARCELL.    The  long-tailed  duck, 
DARCIELL.    A  herb  mentioned  by  Palsgrave, 

but  without  the  French  term  for  it. 
DARE.  (1)  To  stare.   (^.-5.) 
(2)  To  tremble ;  to  quake  for  fear. 

Tyl  sche  come  theder  sche  wolde  not  blyn, 
And  daryth  there  for  drede. 

MS.  Cantab.  Ff.  ii.  38,  f.  73. 

(5)  To  frighten.    To  dare  birds,  to  catch  them 
by  frightening  them  with  a  hawk,  mirror, 
or  by  other  means. 


To  pain  or  grieve.   Essex. 
To  lurk  or  lie  hid. 
The  dace  fish. 


(7)  To  give,  or  grant.    Hearne. 

(8)  To  threaten.    Somerset. 

(9)  To  languish ;  to  sink.    See  Lydgate,  p.  24. 
"  Droupe  and  dare,"  a  common  phrase  in 
early  poetry. 

(10)  To  defy.    Shaft. 

(11)  Peril.    Shaft. 

(12)  To  rouse  any  one  up.     West. 

(13)  Harm.     (A.-S.) 

DA.RFE.   Hard ;  unbending ;  cruel. 
DARK.    Need.    (A.-S,} 
D  ARIOL.    A  dish  in  ancient  cookery,  described 
in  the  Forme  of  Cury,  p.  82;  MS.  Sloane 
1201,  f.  32 ;  Ord.  and  Reg.  p.  443 ;  "Warner's 
Antiq.  Culin.  p.  66. 
With  dandles  endordlde,  and  daynteez  y-newe. 

Mort e  Arthurs,  MS.  Lincoln,  f,  55, 
DARK.  (l)-Blind.    Var.  dial 


(2)  To  darken ;  to  make  dark. 

(3)  To  eaves-drop ;  to  watch  for  an  opportunity 
of  injuring   others  for    one's   own  benefit. 
North.    In  old  writers,  to  lie  hid. 

(4)  A  dark  night.    South. 
DARKENING.    Twilight.     North.    Called  the 

dark-hour  in  Norfolk. 

DARKLING.    In  the  dark. 

DARKMAN.    The  night.    DeMer. 

DARKSOME.    Very  dark.     Oxon. 

DARN.    To  dare.    Pr.  Parv. 

DARNAK.    A  thick  hedge-glove.    Stiff. 

DARNEL.    The  lolium  perenne. 

DARNEX.  A  coarse  sort  of  damask  used  for 
carpets,  curtains,  &c.,  originally  manufactured 
at  Tournay,  called  in  Flemish,  DornicJc.  Spelt 
darnep  in  Cunningham's  Revels  Ace.  p.  215. 
It  was  composed  of  different  kinds  of  mate- 
rial, sometimes  of  worsted,  silk,  wool,  or 
thread.  Perhaps  darnak  is  connected  with 
this  term.  DarnicJc^  linsey-wolsey.  North. 

DARNS.    The  door-posts.    Devon. 

DARNTON.    Darlington.    North. 

DAROUS.    Bold;  daring.     Devon. 

D  ARRAIGN.  To  arrange  or  prepare  for  battle. 
Also,  to  fight  a  battle. 

DARRAK.    A  day's  work.     Cumb. 

DARRAYNE.    To  change  ;  to  transmute. 

DARRIKY.    Rotten.    Glouc. 

DARRILSK.    Damask  cloth. 

DARSTOW.    Darest  thou  ?     (A.-S.) 

DARSTS.    Dregs ;  refuse.   North. 

DARTE.    The  date-tree.    (A.-N.) 

DARTER.    Active.    Cumb. 

DART-GRASS.    The  ffolcus  lanatus.    North. 

DARTH.    Dare.    Weber. 

DASE.  To  dazzle ;  to  grow  dimsighted ;  to  be 
stupified.  (A.-S.) 

DASEWENESSE.    Dimness.    (A.-S.) 

DASH.  (1)  A  tavern  drawer. 

(2)  To  abash.-  East. 

(3)  A  mild  imprecation. 

(4)  To  destroy ;  to  spoil. 

'5)  To  splash  with  dirt.    Var.  dial 
6)  To  dash  one  in  the  teeth,  to  upbraid.    To 
dash  out  of  countenance,  to  put  out  of  coun- 
tenance. 
DASH-BOARDS.    Moveable  sides  to  a  cart; 

the  beaters  of  a  barrel  churn . 
DASHEL.  A  thistle.  JDevon. 
DASHEN.  To  make  a  great  show ;  to  invade 

suddenly ;  to  move  quickly. 
DASHER-ON.    A  piece  of  boiling-beef. 
DASHIN.    A  vessel  in  which  oatmeal  is  pre- 
pared.   Deri. 

DASIBERDE.    A  simpleton ;  a  fool. 
DAS  ING.    Blindness.    JBecon. 
DASMYNE.    To  grow  dim.    Pr.  Parv. 
DASNYTH,    Grows  dim.    (A.-S.) 
DASSE.    A  badger.    Caxton, 
DAST.    Dashed ;  destroyed.    (A.-  5.) 
DASTARD.    A  simpleton. 
DATELESS.    Crazy ;  in  one's  dotage.    North, 
DATER.    Daughter.    North. 
DATES.    Evidences ;  writings 


DAW 


293 


DAY 


DATHEIT.  A  curse  ;  an  imprecation.  (A.-N.) 
Sometimes  a  verb,  to  curse.  See  Reliq.  An- 
tiq.  i.  244  ;  Tristrem,  p.  230.  Constantly  an 

imprecation,  and  interjection. 
PATHER.    To  quake,  or  tremble.     Kent. 
DATION.    A  gift.     (Lett.) 
DAUB.     Clay.     Lane. 
DAUBE  R.    A  builder  of  walls  with  clay  or  mud, 

mixed  with  straw  ;  a  plasterer.    A  daubing, 

the  erection  of  a  clay  hut. 
DAUBING.    Bribing.    A  cant  term. 
DAUBY.  (1)  A  fool.    Northumb. 
(2)  Clammy  ;  sticky.    Norf. 
DAUD.     George.     Craven. 
DAUDER.     To  thrash  ;  to  abuse.    North. 
DAUDLE.    To  be  slow  ;  to  trifle  ;  to  swing  per- 

pendicularly.    Far.  dial. 
DAUDLES.     A  slattern.     Yorksh. 
BAUDS.    Pieces  ;  fragments.    North. 
DAUGHTER-IN-BASE.    A  bastard-daughter. 
DAUGHTER-LAW.  A  daughter-in-law.    West. 
Thy  father  would  not  entertaine 
In  Greece  a  d&ught&r-lawe. 

Turbevile's  Ovid,  1567,  f.  36. 
DAUK.  To  incise  with  a  jerk,  or  insert  a  pointed 

weapon  with  rapidity.     Wilts. 
DAUNCH.    Fastidious;  over-nice;  squeamish, 

especially  applied  to  one  who  has  been  drunk 

over  night.  Daunche,  fastidiousness;  Towneley 

Myst.  p.  153. 

DA.UNDRIN.     Same  as  Sever  (1). 
DAUNGE.    A  narrow  passage. 
DAUNT.    To  conquer.     (A.-N.)    In  the  pro.. 

vinces,  to  stun,  to  knock  down.    Also,  to 

dare,  to  defy. 

DAUNTEDEN.    Frisked  about,  pi. 
DAURE.    To  dazzle  ;  to  stun.    East. 
DAURG.    A  day's  work.  North. 
DAUSEY-HEADED.    Giddy  ;  thoughtless. 
DAUT.    A  speck,  or  spot.     Craven. 
DAVE.    To  thaw.    Somerset.    To  assuage,  mi- 

tigate, or  relieve.    North. 
DAVER.  (1)  To  droop  ;  to  fade.     West. 
(2)  To  stun  ;  to  stupify.    North. 
DAVID'S-STAFF.  A  kind  of  quadrant,  used  in 

navigation. 

DAVING.    A  boarded  partition.    West. 
DAVJSON.     A  large  wild  plum, 
DAVY.  (1)  To  raise  marl  from  cliffs  by  means 

of  a  wince.     Norf. 
(2)  An  affidavit.     Var.  dial 
DAVY-JONES.    A  sailor's  name  for  a  princi- 

pal sea-devil,  a  nikker. 
DAW,  (1)  To  thrive  ;  to  mend.     North. 
(2)  A  foolish  fellow  ;  a  slattern,  or  sluggard. 

Dawinge,  acting  foolishly,   Ellis's    Literary 

Letters,  p.  92. 


(3)  To  daunt,  or  frighten. 
(4) 


To  awaken  ;  to  dawn.  North.  Also,  to  re- 
vive, to  rouse,  to  resuscitate,  as  in  Webster 
and  Greene  ;  Romeus  and  Juliet,  p.  71. 

(5)  A  beetle  or  dor.    East. 

(6)  Dough.    (A.-S.) 

DAW-COCK.  A  jackdaw.  Hence,  an  empty, 
chattering  fellow  ;  a  simpleton.  See  Collier's 
Old  Ballads,  p.  24 


DAWDY.    A  slattern.     North. 
DAWE.  (1)  Down.    See  Adawe  (2). 

(2)  Dawn.    (A.-S.) 

(3)  A  day.     (A.-S.)    "  Done  of  dawe,"  taken 
from  day,  killed. 

And  alle  done  of  dawez  with  dynttez  of  swreddez. 

Murte  Arthurs,  MS  Lincoln,  f.  75. 

DAWENING.   Day-break.   (A.-S.) 

DAWGOS.    A  slattern.    North. 

DAWGY.     Soft;  flabby.    Yorfak. 

DAWIE.    To  awake  ;  to  revive. 

DAWING.    Day-break.    North. 

Bot  in  the  clere  daweyng  the  dere  kynge  hymeselfene 
Comaundyd  syr  Cadore  with  his  Uere  knyghttes. 

Morte  Ai'tJittre,  MS.  Lincoln,  f.  /O. 

DAWKIN.  (1)  A  slut.    North. 

(2)  A  foolish  person.  Dawkingly-wise,  self- 
conceited.  North. 

DAWKS.  Very  fine  clothes  slovenly  put  on. 
Line. 

DAWL.  (1)  To  dash.    Devon. 

(2)  To  tire;  to  fatigue;  to  weary.  Also,  to 
loathe,  or  nauseate. 

DAWNE.  To  revive  a  person,  especially  one 
who  has  fainted, 

D  AWNS.  A  kind  of  lace,  the  method  of  making 
which  is  described  in  MS.  Harl.  2320,  f.  59. 

DAWNT.     To  frighten  ;  to  fear.    North. 

DAWNTEN.  To  tame  by  kind  treatment ;  to 
cherish  or  nourish.  (A.-N.) 

DAWNTLE.    To  fondle.    North. 

DAWNY.   Damp;  soft.     West. 

DAWPATE.    A  simpleton. 

DAWSEL.    Tostupify.    Suffolk. 

DAWTET.    Fondled ;  caressed.    Cumb. 

DAWZE.  To  use  the  bent  hazel  rod,  or  divining 
stick,  for  the  discovery  of  ore.  Somerset. 

DAY.  (1)  Day;  time.  (A.-S.)  "Takynaday," 
taken  an  appointed  time  (to  fight),  MS.  Can- 
tab. Ff.ii.  38,  f.  87. 

(2)  To  dawn.    Also,  the  dawn  or  first  opening 
of  day,  Eglamour,  1094  ;  Urry's  Chaucer,  p. 
140, 1.  2747. 

(3)  The  surface  of  ore. 

(4)  A  league  of  amity 

(5)  To  procrastinate. 

DAY-BED.    A  conch  or  sofa.    A  late  riser  is 

still  called  a  day-bed,  fellow  in  I.  Wight, 
DAYE.    To  die.     (A.-S.) 
DAYEGH.     Dough.     YorJcsh. 
DAY-HOUSE.    A  dairy.    West.    "  roseate,  a 

dey-house,  where  cheese  is  made,"  Elyot.    Cf. 

Unton  Invent,  p.  28. 
DAYLE.  (1)  To  eradicate ;  to  blot  out. 
(2)  To  dally  or  tarry. 
DAY-LIGHTS.    The  eyes.    North. 
DAY-L1GHTS-GATE.    Twilight. 
DAY-MAN.    A  labourer  hired  by  the  day*  East. 
DAY-NET.    A  net  employed  for  taking  small 

birds.     I>iet.  Rust. 
DAY-NETTLE.    Dead  nettle. 
DAYNETYVOUSELY.    Daintily. 
DAYNG.    Dawning.    (A.-S.) 
DAYNLY.    Disdainfully.    (A.-N.} 
DAYNTEL.    A  dainty,  or  delicacy.    Dayntethc, 

Towneley  Myst.  p.  245, 


DEA 


294 


DAYNTEVGUS.    Choice ;  valuable. 

Itt  was  my  derlynj  duyntevous,  andfulledereholdene. 
Morte  Arttw-e,  MS.  Lincoln,  f.  97. 

DAYS.    The  bays  of  a  window. 

DAYS-MAN*  An  arbitrator ;  an  umpire.  See 
Plumpton  Corr.  p.  82.  Still  used  in  the  North. 

DAYS-MATH.  An  acre,  the  quantity  mown  by 
a  man  in  one  day.  West.  Generally,  any 
small  portion  of  ground.  Its  size  seems  to 
have  been  variously  estimated. 

DAYTALEMAN.  A  day-man,  q.  v.  A  chance- 
labourer,  one  not  regularly  employed.  Day- 
tale-pace,  a  slow  pace.  A  day  tale,  in  the 
day  time. 

DAY-WORK.  "Work  done  by  the  day;  the 
labour  of  a  day.  A  day-work  is  also  three 
roods  of  land,  according  to  Carr.  "  Four 
perches  make  a  day  worke ;  ten  dayworks 
make  aroode  or  quarter,"  Twysden  MSS. 
DAZED.  Dull ;  sickly ;  daised,  q.  v.  "  Dazed- 
meat,  ill  roasted  ;  I's  dazed,  I  am  very  raw 
and  cold ;  a  dazed  look,  such  as  persons  have 
when  frighted;  bread  and  meat,  not  well 
baked  or  roasted  by  reason  of  the  badness  of 
the  fire,  may  be  said  to  be  dwased  or  dazed," 
MS.  Lansd.  1033.  In  the  Yorkshire  Dialogue, 
it  has  the  sense  of  spoilt,  destroyed;  and  it 
also  occasionally  means,  confounded,  con- 
fused, Major  Moor's  MS.  Dazed,  of  a  dun 
colour.  North. 
DAZEG.  A  daisy.  Cumo. 
t>E.  (1)  A  day.  North. 

(2)  To  die.    Sometimes,  dead. 

(3)  God.     (^-JV.) 

(4)  The,    (A.-S.) 
DEA.    Do.     Westmorel. 
DEAD.  (I)  Fainted.     West. 

(2)  Very ;  exceeding.    North. 

(3)  Death.    Sujf.    Also,  to  kill. 

(4)  To  deaden.    North. 
DEAD-ALIVE.    Very  stupid ;  dull.     West. 
DEAD-BOOT.    Offices  or  services  done  for  the 

dead ;  penance.    (A.-S.) 

DEAD-COAL.    A  cinder.    North. 

DEAD-DOING.    Destructive.    Spenser. 

DEAD-HORSE.  To  pull  the  dead  horse,  to 
work  for  wages  already  paid. 

DEAD-HOUSE.  A  place  for  the  reception  of 
drowned  persons.  North. 

DEAD-KNOCK.  A  supposed  warning  of  death, 
a  mysterious  noise.  North. 

DEAD-LIFT.  Tbe  moving  of  a  lifeless  or  inac- 
tive body.  Hence,  a  situation  of  peculiar 
difficulty,  where  any  one  is  greatly  in  want  of 
assistance. 

DEADLY.  Sharp;  active;  excellent.  Also, 
very,  exceedingly,  a  sense  it  seems  to  bear  in 
Topsell's  Serpents,  p.  15.  Sometimes,  pounded 
to  powder. 

DEADLY-FEUD.  A  ferocious  contest  among 
the  Northumbrians  on  the  borders.  Brockett. 
DEAD-MAN.  (1)  Old  works  in  a  mine. 

(2)  A  scarecrow.     West, 

(3)  Waiting  for  dead  men's  shoes,  waiting  for  pro- 
perty to  which  one  is  entitled  on  the  decease 
of  any  one.    See  R.  Fletcher's  Poems,  p.  256. 


DEAD-MAN'S-THUMB.  A  blue  meadow 
flower,  mentioned  in  Select  Ayres,  fol.  Lond. 
1659. 

DEAD-MATE.    A  stale-mate  in  chess. 

DEAD-MEN.    Empty  ale-pots. 

DEAD-NIP.  A  blue  mark  on  the  body,  ascribed 
to  necromancy.  North. 

DEAD-PAY.  The  pay  of  dead  soldiers,  ille- 
gally appropriated  by  officers. 

DEAD-RIPE.    Completely  ripe. 

DEADS.    The  under-stratum.     Devon. 

DEADST.    The  height.     DeJcker. 

DEAF.  Decayed ;  tasteless.  Deaf-nut,  a  nut 
with  a  decayed  kernel ;  deaf-corn,  blasted 
corn,  &c.  Also,  to  deafen,  as  in  Heywood's 
Iron  Age,  sig.  H.  iv. 

DEAFLY.  Lonely,  solitary.  North.  Deavelie, 
Cotgrave,  in  v.  Desolt,  Destourne. 

DEAF-NETTLE.    The  dead  nettle. 

DEAIL-HEAD.  A  narrow  plat  of  ground  in  a 
field.  Cwrib. 

DEAK.  (1)  To  fight.    North. 

(2)  A  ditch.     Kent. 

DEAL.  To  divide ;  to  distribute,  from  deal,  a 
part,  or  portion.  Also,  a  dole. 

DEAL-APPLES.    Fir  apples.    East. 

DEALBATE.    To  whiten,  or  bleach.    (Lat.) 

DEAL-TREE.    A  fir-tree.    East. 

DEAM.  Lonely;  solitary.  North.  Also  the 
same  as  deathsmear,  q.  v. 

DEAN.  (1)  A  valley.    (A.-S.) 

(2)  A  din ;  a  noise.    Essex. 

(3)  To  do.     Yorfah. 
DEA-NETTLE.    Wild  hemp.    North. 
DEAR.  (1)  Precious ;  excessive. 

(2)  Same  as  Dere,  q.  v. 

DEARED.  Hurried ;  frightened ;  stunned.  Ex- 
moor. 

DEARLING.    Darling.     Spenser. 

DEARLY.    Extremely.     Var.  dial 

DEARN.  (1)  Lonely.    North. 

(2)  A  door-post,  applied  also  to  stone  gate-posts. 
North. 

DEARNFUL.    Melancholy.     Spenser. 

DEARY.  (1)  Little.    North. 

(2)  Alas !  "  Deary  me  1"     Var.  dial. 

DEATH.    Deaf.     Suffolk. 

DEATHING.    Decease ;  death. 

DEATH'S-HEARB.    Nightshade. 

DEATH'S-MAN.  An  executioner.  "  Great 
Hectors  deaths-man,"  Heywood's  Iron  Age, 
ed.  1632,  sig.  I. 

DEATHSMEAR.  A  rapid  and  fatal  disease  in 
cident  to  children.  Now  obsolete. 

DEAURAT.    Gilded.    (Lot.) 

DEAVE.    To  deafen ;  to  stun.    North. 

DEAVELY.    See  Deafly . 

DEAWH.    Dough ;  paste.   North. 

DEAZED.    Dry ;  raw  j  sapless.    North. 

DEBARE.    Bare.    Drant. 

DEBASHED.    Abashed.    Niccols. 

DEBATE.    To  fight.    Also,  combat.    (A.-N.} 

DEBATEABLE-LANDS.  Large  tracts  of  wild 
country  on  the  confines  of  Northumberland, 
formerly  a  prolific  cause  of  contention. 

DEBATEMENT.    Contention.    (,4.-M) 


DEC 


295 


DEE 


DEBAUSHMENT.    A  debauching. 
DEBBYLL.    A  dibble.    Huloet. 
DEBELL.    To  conquer  by  war.    (Lat) 
DEBELLISH.    To  embellish.    Fletcher. 
DEBEOF.    A  kind  of  spear. 
DEBERRIES.     Gooseberries.    Devon. 
DEBETA1SDE.    Debating,     Gawayne. 
DEBILE.    Infirm;  weak.    (Lat) 
DEBITE.    A  deputy.    (Fr) 
DEBLES.    "  A  debles !"  to  the  devil.    (A.-N) 
Fy  a  debles!  saide  the  duke,  the  develle  have  jour  bones. 
Morte  Arthurs,  MS.  Lincoln,  f.  84. 

DEBOIST.    Debauched ;  corrupted. 
DEBONAIRE.     Courteous ;  gentle.     (A.-N) 
When  sche  sye  the  ladyes  face, 
Debonerly  stylle  sche  stode. 

MS.  Cantab.  Ff,  ii.  38,  f.  85. 
DEBONERTE.     Gentleness ;  goodness. 
And  of  me  take  thou  na  vengeance, 
Lorde,  for  thi  debonertt. 

MS,  Lincoln  A.  i.  17,  f.  212. 

DEBORAINE.     Honest.     (Ital) 
DEBORD.    To  run  to  excess.    (Fr) 
DEBOSH.   To  debauch  ;  to  corrupt.   A  genuine 
archaism,  incorrectly  altered  by  some  editors. 
DEBOSHEE.     A  debauched  person. 
DEBREIDE.    To  tear.    (Bely) 
DEBRUSEDE.    Crushed  ;  much  bruised. 
DEBRYSED.    Bruised.    Hearne. 
DEBUT.    Company ;  retinue.    Hearne. 
DEBYTIE.    A  deputy.    (Fr) 
DECANTATE.    To  chant,  or  sing.     (Lat.) 
DECARD.    To  discard. 
DECAS.     Ruin.     (A.-N) 

The  walle  and  alle  the  cite"  withinne 

Stante  in  ruyne  and  in  deccts. 

Gower,  MS.  Soc.  Antiq.  134,  f.  36. 

DECEIVABLE.    Deceitful.     ShaJc. 
DECEPTURE.     Fraud ;  deceit. 
DECERNE.     To  discern.     (Fr.) 
DECHED.    Foul ;  rusty.     Warw. 
DECIMO-SEXTO.    In  decimo  sexto,  a  phrase 

used  by  Jonson  for  a  youth. 
DECIPE.    To  deceive.    (Lat.)    See  Ashmole's 

Theat.  Chern.  Brit.  p.  308. 
DECK.  (1)  A  pack  of  cards.    Hence,  a  heap  or 

pile  of  anything. 

(2)  To  select  or  cast  out.    "  Deck  the  board/' 
lay  down  the  stakes.     "  Sweep  the  deck," 
clear  the  stakes.    Also,  to  put  anything  in 
order. 

(3)  To  tip  the  haft  of  a  knife  or  sword  with  any 
work ;  to  trim  hair,  a  garden,  &c. 

DECLARE.    To  blazon  arms. 
DECLAREMENT.    A  declaration. 
DECLINE.     To  incline,   or  lower.     Also,   to 
form  too  low  an  estimate  of  anything. 
Quod  Josephe  thanne,  with  heed  declinid  lowe. 
Lydgate,  MS,  Soc,  Antiq.  134,  f.  6. 

DECLOS.    To  disclose. 

For  who  that  hath  his  worde  declos, 
Er  that  he  wite  what  he  mene, 
He  is  ful  ofte  ny5e  his  tene. 

Gower,  MS.  Soc.  Antiq.  134,  f.  80, 

DECOLLATION.    A  beheading.     (Lat) 

DECOPID.    See  Coppid. 

PECORE.    To  decorate;  to  beautify. 


DECOURREN.     To  discover;  to  lay  open;  to 

narrate.     (A.-N) 

DECREW.     To  decrease.     Spenser. 
DECURT.     To  shorten.     (Lat) 
DECYPHER.     To  defeat ;  to  overcome. 
DEDE.  (1)  Death.     North. 

They  dancesyde  and  revelde  withowtene  circle 
To  bryng  that  lady  lo  Mr  dede. 

MS.  Lincoln  A.  i.  17,  f.  119. 
Syth  we  here  schalle  dye, 
Oure  dedys  fulle  sore  they  schalle  abye. 

MS.  Cantab.  Ff.  iu  38,  f.  73. 
So  many  there  were  slayne  to  dedd, 
That  the  watur  of  Temys  was  redd. 

MS.  Ibid.  f.  125. 

(2)  To  grow  dead.     (A.-S.)    Also  the  pa.  past. 
Dede,  dead  people,  Perceval,  155. 

(3)  Did.     Eglamour,  134. 

(4)  Deed.    Battle,  by  metaphor. 
DEDELY.     Mortal.     (A.-S) 

Bot   goddez  that    ever-mare  are   liffauudc   and 
nevermare  dyez,  dpynez  nojte  for  to  hafe  the  fela- 
chipe  otitedety  inenne. — MS.  Lincoln  A.  i,  17,  f.  8- 
DEDEMEN-YEN.  Dead  eyes,  a  kind  of  pullies. 
A  sea  term.     See  Manners  and  Household 
Expences,  p.  214. 
DEDEYNE.    Disdain.     (A.-N) 

The  fourthe  braunche  of  pryde  ys  despyt,  that 
ys,  whan  a  man  hath  dedeyne  other  sconie  of  h>s 
even-cristene  for  euy  defaute.— MS.  Hurl.  2JJB,  i'.  8. 
DEDIR.    To  tremble.     Yorfoh. 
DEDITION.     A  giving  up.     (Lat) 
DEDLYNES.    Mortality.     (A.-S) 

How  thurghe  takyng  of  owre  dedlynes,  he  was 
made-lesse  then  an  angelle  whilles  he  was  in  this 
vale  of  teves — MS*  Lincoln  A.i.  17,  f.  180. 
DEDUCED.    Drawn  from;  dissuaded. 
DEDUCT.    To  bring  down,  reduce.    (Lat) 
DEDUIT.    Pleasure;  delight.    (A.-N) 
In  whiche  the  jere  hath  his  deduit, 
Of  gras,  of  floure,  of  leef,  of  frute. 

Gower,  MS.  Soc.  Antiq,  134,  f,  247. 

DEDYR.     Thither.     Weber. 

DEE.     A  die.     (A.-N.)    Also  as  de,  q.  v. 
Betwene  fortune  and  covetyse, 
The  chaunce  is  caste  upon  a  dee. 

Gower,  MS.  Soc.  Antiq,.  134,  f .  142. 

DEED.  (1)  Doings.     North. 

(2)  Dead.     (A.-S) 

(3)  Indeed.     Coverdale. 
DEEDILY.     Actively ;  diligently.    West. 
DEEDS.    Refuse.     North. 

DEEDY.    Industrious ;  notable.     Berks. 
DEEF.     Deaf.     (A.-S) 
DEEGHT.    To  spread  mole-hills.    North. 
DEEL.    The  devil.    North.    An  early  instance 

occurs  in  Men  Miracles,  1656,  p.  46. 
DEEN.     A  dean.     (A.-N) 
DEERHAY.    A  great  net,  formerly  used  for 

catching  deer. 
DEES.  (1)  Dice.     (A.-N) 

Ful  ofte  he  taketh  awey  his  fees, 
As  he  that  pleyeth  at  dffea, 

Gvtcer,  MS.  Soc.  Antiq,  134,  f.  38, 

(2)  A  place  where  herrings  are  dried.     East 

Sussex. 

BEET.  (1)  Dirtied.    North. 
(2)  Died.     Cuwb. 


DBF 


296 


DEJ 


^3)  To  plaster  over  the  mouth  of  an  oven  to 

keep  in  the  heat. 
(4)  To  wipe,  or  clean.     North. 
DEETING.    A  yard  of  cotton.    North. 
DEEVE.    To  dip.    Suffolk. 
DEFADIDE.    Faded;  decayed. 

Now  es  my  face  defadide,  and  f  oule  es  me  hapnede, 

Morte  Arthurs,  MS.  Lincoln,  f.  88. 

DEFAILE.    To  effect;   to  conquer.     (A.-N.) 

Nares  gives  a  wrong  explanation. 

It  falles  the  flesche  may  noghte  of  his  vertu 

noghte  defaile  ay  whils  the  saule  in  swylk  joyes  es 

ravyste.— JtfS,  Lincoln  A.  i.  17,  f.  192. 

DEFAILLANCE.    A  defect     (JFK) 

DEFAITED.    Wasted.     (A.-N.) 

DEFALK.   To  cut  off;  to  diminish.   (Lat.)   See 

Ord.  and  Reg.  p.  305;   Stanihurst,  p.  10, 

Also,  to  abate  in  a  reckoning. 

DEFAME.    Infamy,     (A.-N.)    Also,  to  make 

infamous. 

DEFAMOUS.    Reproachful. 
DEFARE.    To  undo.    Hearne. 
DEFATED.    Wearied.     (Lat.) 
DEFATIGATE.    To  fatigue ;  to  tire.     (Lat.) 
DEFAULT  Y.    Blameworthy.     (Fr.) 
DEFAUTE.    Want;  defect.     (A.-N.) 
DEFAWTELES.    Perfect,     (A.-N.) 
Alle  the  neghen  orders  of  awngelles, 
That  ar  so  fayre  on  to  luke, 
And  so  bryght,  als  says  the  buke, 
That  alle  the  fayrnes  of  this  lyf  here, 
That  ever  was  seene  fer  or  nere, 
That  any  man  moght  ordayne  defawteles. 

Heu»pol9,  MS.  Bowes,  p.  220. 

DEFAWTY.    Defective.    Pr.  Pan>. 
DEFEASANCE.    Defeat.    Spenser. 
DEFEAT.    To  disfigure.    Also,  the  act  of  de- 
struction.   Shdk. 

PEFE&TURE.     Alteration    of  features;    de- 
formity.   Sometimes,  defeat. 
DEFECT.    To  injure,  take  away.     (Lat.) 
DEFENCE.    Prohibition.     (A.-N.) 
DEFENCED.    Defended ;  fortified. 
DEFENDS.  (1)  To  forbid;  to  prohibit.  (A.-N.) 
Also,  to  preserve.    According  to  Tyxwhitt,  to 
ransom.    Defendaunt,  in  self-defence  ? 
He  "wylle  do  no  man  but  gode, 
Be  Mahounde  and  Termagaunt, 
But  yf  hyt  were  hys  defendaunt. 

MS,  Cantab.  Ff.  ii.  38,  f.  99. 
(2)  Defended.     Gawayne. 
DEFENSORY.  Defence.  "  Defensory  and  apo- 
logy," Martin  Mar-Sixtus,  4to,  1592. 
DEFFE.  (1),  Neat;  trim.    Leic. 
(2)  Deaf.     Pr.  Parv.    Also,  dull,  blunt,  which 

may  refer  to  aures  oltuscs. 
DEFFETE.    To  cut  up  an  animal.    A  term  in 

hunting.     (A.-N.) 

DEFFUSE.    Flight ;  vanquishment.     (A.*N.) 
Fore  gret  dule  of  defuse  of  dedez  of  armes. 

Morte  Arthurs,  MS.  Lincoln,  f.  56, 

DEFHED.    Deafness.     (4.-S.) 
DEFIANCE.    Refusal ;  rejection.     Shaft. 
DEFICATE.    Deified.     Chaucer. 
DEFIEN.     To  digest ;  to  consume.     "  Mgere 
paulisper  vinum  quo  mades,  defye  the  wyn 


of  the  wheche  thou  art  dronken,  and  wexis* 

sobre,"  Reliq.  Antiq.  i.  6. 
DEFINISHE.    To  define.     (A.-N.) 
DEFINITIVE.     Final ;  positive. 
DEFI3EN.    To  dissolve. 
DEFLY.    Neatly ;  fitly.   See  Dekker's  Knight's 

Conjuring,  p.  71 ;  To\vneley  Myst.  p.  100. 
DEFOILLE.  To  overcome;  to  vanquish.  (A.-N.} 
DEFORMATE.    Deformed.     See  the  Test,  oa 

Creseide,  349,  394. 
DEFOULE.    To  defile ;  to  poUute. 
DEFOULINGS.    The  marks  made  by  a  deer's 

feet  in  wet  soil. 

DEFOUTERING.    Failing.     (A.-N.) 
DEFRAUD ACION.    Fraud ;  deceit.     Hall. 
DEFT,    Neat;  dexterous;  decent.    Still  used 

in  the  North. 
DEFTLY.     Quietly;  softly.     North.    Also  the 

same  as  defly,  q.  v, 
DEFULL.     Diabolical.     (^.-£) 
DEFUNCT.    Functional.     Shaft. 
DEFY.    To  refuse  ;  to  reject. 
DEFYAL.     A  defiance.     Harding. 
DEFYEN.     To  defy.     (A.-N.} 
DEG.    To  moisten  ;  to  sprinkle ;  to  poui*  on ;  to 

ooze  out.     North. 
DE-GAMBOYS.    A  viol-de-garnbo. 
DEG-BOUND.   Greatly  swelled  in  the  stomach. 

Also  spelt  deg-bowed.     North. 
DE  GENDER.    To  degenerate.    Spenser. 
DEGENEROUS.    Degenerate. 
DEGG.    To  shake ;  to  top.     West. 
DEGGY.    Drissly;  foggy.     North. 
DEGH.    Youchsafed.     Hearne. 
DEGHGHE.     To  die.     Sevyn  Sages,  1909. 
DEGISED.    Disguised.     (A.-N.) 
DEGOUTED.     Spotted.     (A.-N.) 
DEGREE.    A  stair,  or  set  of  steps.    Also,  rank 

in  life.     (A.-N.) 

DEHORT.    To  dissuade.     (Lat.) 
DEIANDE.    Dying.     (^.-£) 

Than  is  thys  failyng  atte  nede, 

For  whiles  we  here  lyve  we  ar  deiande, 

MS.  Addit.  10053,  f.  67. 

DEID.    Dyed;  coloured.     Chaucer. 

DEIDEN.     Died.     (^.-£) 

DEIE.    To  put  to  death.     (A.-S.) 

DEIGNOUSE.    Disdainful.     (A-iV.) 

DEIH.    To  die.    Langtoft,  p.  159. 

DEINE.  To  die.  (A.-S.}  Also,  to  deign,  to 
vouchsafe. 

DEINTEE.  Yalue;  a  valuable  thing.  (A.-N.) 
Sometimes,  pleasure. 

DEINTEOUS.    Choice ;  valuable.    (A.-N.)     - 

DEIRIE.    A  dairy.    SUnner. 

DEIS.  The  principal  table  in  a  hall,  or  the 
raised  part  of  the  floor  on  which  it  was  placed. 
Also,  the  principal  seat  at  this  table.  There 
were  sometimes  more  than  one,  the  high  deis 
being  the  principal  deis  in  a  royal  hall.  To 
begin  the  deis,  to  take  the  principal  place. 
See  Sir  Eglamour,  1258. 

DEITEE.    Deity ;  godhead.    (A.-N.) 

DEJECT.  (1)  Dejected.    SJutk. 

(2)  To  cast  away.    (Lat.) 


DEL  297 

DEKE-HOLL.    A  dry  ditch.     East. 
DEKEITH.    Decrease. 
DEKNE.    A  deacon.    (A.-S.) 

Seint  Fronton  his  dekne  was, 
As  falleth  to  the  dede. 

MS.  Coll.  Trin.  Own.  57. 

DEKYNE.    A  deacon.    Pr.  Parv. 
DEL.  (1)  A  part,  or  portion.    (A.-S.) 
(2)  The  devil.    Ritson's  Anc.  Songs,!,  70, 
DELACION.     Delay.    Digby  Myst.  p.  7. 
DEL  ARE.    An  almsgiver.    Pr.  Parv. 
DELATE.    To  accuse,  complain  of.    (Lat.) 
DELATION.    An  accusation.    Shale. 
DELAY.  (1)  To  allay  metals,   &c.     Also,  to 
sweeten  or  adulterate  wine. 

(2)  Array ;  ceremony.     (A.-N.) 

Syr  Rogers  corse,  wyth  no"bulle  delay, 
They  beryed  hyt  the  tothyr  day. 

MS.  Cantab.  Ff.  ii.  38,  f.  75. 

(3)  To  assuage.    Palsgrave. 
DELAYNE.    To  delay.    (A.-N.) 
DELE.  (1)  To  divide ;  to  share.   (A.-S.) 

(2)  To  give ;  to  bestow ;  to  partake ;  to  deal,  or 

meddle  with  anything. 
DELECTATION,    Delight.     Chaucer. 
DELE-WINE.    A  kind  of  foreign  wine,  said  to 

be  a  species  of  Rhenish. 
DELF.   A  quarry  of  stone  or  coal ;  a  deep  ditch 

or  drain.    (A.-S.) 

DELF-CASE.    Shelves  for  crockery.    North. 
DELFULLICHE.    Dolefully.    (A.-S.) 
And  cride  on  here  delfitlliche 
Alle  swithe  faste. 

MS.  Coll.  Trin.  Qxon.  57. 

DELFYN.    A  dolphin.    Kyng  Alis.  6576.    See 

also  the  Prompt.  Parv.  p.  54. 
DELIBATE.    To  taste.    (Lat.) 
DELIBERE.    To  deliberate.    (A.-N.) 
DELICACIE.    Pleasure.    (A.-N.) 
DELICES.    Pleasures ;  delights.   (A.-N.)    See 
Reliq.  Ant.  i.  40.    Also,  delicacies. 
Yett  was  I  lately  promysed  otherwyse 
This  yere  to  leve  in  welthe  and  delyce. 

MS.  Sloane  1825,  f.  88. 

•  DELICT.    An  offence.    Marlowe,  iii.  547. 
DELIE.    Thin ;  slender.    (A.-N.) 
DELIGHTED.    Delightful.    Skak. 
DELIBENT.    Doating.    (Lat.) 
DELIT.    Delight.    (A.-N.) 
DELITABLE.    Pleasant ;  delightful.    (A.-N.) 
DELITEN.    To  delight,  take  pleasure.   (A.-N.) 
DELITOUS.    Delightful.    (A.-N.) 
DELIVER.  (1)  Active ;  nimble.    (A.-N.)    De- 

livirliche,    Troilus  and  Creseide,   ii.   1088. 

Deliverty,  quickly.  Deliverness,  agility. 
Seemely  schappe  of  breede  and  lengthe, 
And  defyvernes  and  bewte  of  body. 

Beanpole,  MS.  Bowes,  p.  173. 
(2)  To  dispatch  any  business. 
DELIVERING.    Division,  in  music. 
DELK.    A  small  cavity.    East. 
DELL.  (1)  An  undebauched  wench.    An  old 

cant  term. 
(2)  A  little  dale,  or  narrow  valley.    Still  used  in 

the  North. 
DELLECT.    Break  of  dav-    Craven. 


DEM 

DELLFIN.  Alow  place,  overgrown  with  un- 
derwood. Glouc. 

DELPH.  A  catch-water  drain,  or  one  that  has 
been  delved.  Line. 

DELTEN.   Dealt.    (A.-S.) 

DELUVY;    Deluge.   (Lat.) 

DELVE.  (1)  To  dig;  to  bury.  (A.-S.)  Still 
used  in  the  provinces. 

(2)  A  ditch,  or  dell.    Spenser.  Also  a  quarry,  as 
delf,  q/v. 

(3)  A  monster,  or  devil.    (A.-N.)    See  Dial. 
Great.  Mor.  p.  82;  "Wright's   Seven  Sages, 
p.  47. 

(4)  To  indent,  or  bruise.    North. 
DELVERE.    A  digger.    (A.-S.) 
DELVOL.    Doleful.    (A.-S.') 
DELYAUNCE.    Dalliance ;  delay. 
DELYBERED.    Advised ;  minded. 
DELYCATES.    Delicacies.    Palsgrave. 
DELYRE.   To  retard,  or  delay.     (A.-N.) 
DEM.    You  slut !    Exmoor. 
DEMAINE.  To  manage.    (A.-N.) 
DEM  AN.    A  deputy.     Verstegan. 
DEMAND.    A  question,  or  riddle. 

And  whom  it  liketh  for  to  carpe 
Proverbis  and  demaitndis  slyje. 

Goive)-,  MS.  Soc.  Antiq.  134,  f.  238. 
DEMANDANT.    A  plaintiff. 
DEMATH.    See  Days-math. 
DEMAYE.    To  dismay.    (A.-N.) 

The  feest  is  comen,  demaye  jou  not, 
But  maketh  my  riding  boun. 
Cursor  Mundi,  MS.  Coll.  Trin.  Cantdb,  f.  93. 

DEMAYNES.  Demesnes ;  possessions.  (A.-N.) 
See  Sir  Degrevant,  69 ;  Laagtoft,  &c. 

DEME.    To  judge.    (A.-S.) 

DEMEAN.  To  conduct,  or  behave ;  to  direct. 
Also  a  substantive,  behaviour. 

DEMEANER.    A  conductor. 

DEMEANS.     Means.   Massinger.  ' 

DEMEMBRE.  To  dismember.  R.  Glouc.  p.  5 5  9. 

DEMENCY.    Madness.    (Lat.) 

DEMENE.    To  manage.    (A.-N.) 

JDemenys  the  medylwarde  menskfully  hymeselfene. 
Marts  Arthurs,  M&  Lincoln,  f.  74. 

DEMENING.    Behaviour.    Chaucer. 

DEMENTED.    Mad.    Var.  dial 

DEMER.   A  judge.    (A.-S.) 

DEMERE.    To  tarry.    (A.-N.)    "  Withouten 

demere,"  delay,  Beves  of  Hamtoun,  p.  6.  "  So 

longe  demoere,"  Flor.  and  Blanch.  591. 
DEMERITS.    Merits..  Shah. 
DEMI-CULVERIN.    A  cannon  of  four  inches 

bore.    Meyrick,  ii.  291. 
DEMIGREYNE.    The  megrim.    (A.-N.) 
DEMIHAG.   A  long  pistol,  much  used  in  the 

sixteenth  century. 
DEMILANCE.    A  light  horseman,    one  who 

carries  a  lance.   Baret,  D.  742. 
DEM-IN.   To  collect,  as  clouds  do.    North. 
DEM1NG.    Judgment.    (A.-S.} 
DEMIREP,    A  very  flighty  woman,  too  free  in 

her  manners. 

DEMISS.    Humble.     (Lat.) 
DEMONIAK.    One  possessed  by  a  devil. 
DEMONSTER.    To  show ;  to  declare.    (Laf.) 


DEO 


298 


DER 


DEMORANCE.   Delay.    (A.-N.) 
DEMP.    Judged ;  condemned.    (A.-S.) 
DEMPLE.     To  wrangle.      So    explained  by 

Hearne.    SeeLangtoft,  p,  196. 
DEMSTER.    A  judge.    The  term  is  still  re- 
tained in  the  Isle  of  Man. 

Ayoth  was  thenne  demester 
Of  Israel  foure  score  jeer. 
Cursor  Mundi,  MS.  Coll.  Trin.  Cantab,  f.  44. 

DEMURE.   To  look  demurely.    Sha&. 
DEMURELY.    Solemnly.   Shale. 
DEMURRE.     See  Demere. 
DEMYE.   A  "kind  of  close  garment.    \Varton 

says,  "  doublet,  jacket."   Demi/cent,  the  metal 

part  of  a  girdle  worn  in  front. 
DEN.  (1)  "  Good  den,"  good  evening,  or  good 

night,  a  salutation  formerly  used  after  noon 

was  past. 

(2)  A  grave.    Ritson's  Pop.  Poet.  p.  90. 

(3)  A  sandy  tract  near  the  sea,  as  at  Exmouth, 
and  other  places. 

DENAY.    To  deny.    Also,  denial. 
DENCH.  (1)  Squeamish ;  dainty.    North. 
(2)  Danish.    Hearne. 

DENE.  (1)  A  din.  East.  Also  a  verb.  Denede, 
Rel.  Ant,  ii.  7. 

(2)  A  dean.    (A.-N.) 

(3)  A  valley  or  dell.  North. 

(4)  Wene?   Arch.xxii.  371. 
DENEERE.    A  penny,    (fir.) 
DENEZ.    Danish.    Gawayne. 

DENGE.    To  ding,  or  strike  down.    (A.-S.) 

DENIAL.    Injury;  drawback.    West. 

DENIST.    Deniest.    Rel.  Ant.  ii.  192. 

DENE,    To  think.    Weber. 

DENNED.    Dinned;  sounded.    See  Dene. 

DENNIS.    St.  Dionysius.   (A.-N.) 

DENNY.  A  plum  ripe  on  August  6th.  See 
MS.  Ashmole  1461. 

DENOMINATE.    Called.    Harding. 

DENOTATE.  To  denote.  (Lat.)  See  the  Op  - 
tick  Glasse  of  Humors,  1639,  p.  41. 

DEN  SHE.    Danish.    Havelok. 

DENSHERING.  See  Burn-beking.  No  doubt 
from  Denshire,  as  Devonshire  was  formerly 
called,  as  in  Collier's  Old  Ballads,  p.  87 ;  MS. 
Ashmole  208. 

DENT.  (1)  A  stroke;  a  blow,  as  a  clap  of  thun- 
der, &c.  In  Suffolk,  the  worst  of  anything. 
Moor,  p.  103. 

(2)  Indented.    North. 

(3 )  Did  not.    Essex. 
DENTETHUS.    Dainties ;  delicacies. 
DENTIE.    Scarce.     Harrington. 
DENTOR.    An  indenture. 
DENTY.    Tolerable ;  fine.    North. 

DE NUDE.    To  untie  a  knot ;  to  extricate,  or  dis- 
engage.   (A.-N.) 
DENULL.    To  annul.     Fabyan. 
DENWERE.    Doubt.     Chaucer. 
DENY.     To  refuse ;  to  reject;  to  renounce. 
DENYTE.    To  deny.     Robson,  p.  50. 
DEOL.    Dole;  grief.     (A.-S.) 
DEOLFUL.    Doleful.     (A.-S.) 
DEORKHEDK.    Darkness.    (A.-S.) 


Al  ane  tide  of  the  daye 

We  weren  in  deorkhede  i 
Ate  laste  ore  suete  Loverd 
Forthere  us  gan  lode. 

MS.  Laud.  108,  f.  104, 

DEPARDUS.  An  oath,  De par  Dieu. 
DEPART.  To  part ;  to  distribute ;  to  divide  ;  to 
separate.  (A.-N.)  See  Sir  Tristrem,  p.  236 ; 
MS.  Sloane  213,  f.  120.  So  in  the  ancient 
office  of  Marriage,  "  till  death  us  depart"  now 
corrupted  to  do  part.  To  depart  with,  to  part 
with  or  give  up.  It  sometimes  occurs  as  a 
substantive  for  departure.  Hooper  uses  it  for 
the  verb  impart. 

They  were  clothed  alle  liche, 
Departed  evene  of  whit  and  blew. 

Goiver,  MS.  Bodl.  294. 
DEPARTABLE.    Divisible.    (A.-N.) 
DEPARTER.    A  refiner  of  metals. 
DEPARTING.   Parting,  or  separation. 
DEPE.  Low,  applied  to  country,  as  inMaunde- 

vile's  Travels,  p.  255. 
DEPEACH.   To  impeach.   Palsgrave. 
DEPECHE.    To  dispatch.    (Fr.) 
DEPEINTE.    To  paint.    (A.-N.)    "Hir  fingers 
to  depaynt"  Gaulfrido  and  Barnardo,  1570. 
Sometimes  the  part.  past. 
DEPELL.    To  drive  away.    (Lat.) 
DEPENDANCE.     A  term  used  by  our  early 
dramatists  for  the  subject  of  a  dispute  likely 
to  end  in  a  duel.    See  Nares  in  v.    Masters  of 
Dependencies  were  a  set  of  needy  bravoes,  who 
undertook  to  ascertain  the  authentic  grounds 
of  a  quarrel,  and,  in  some  cases,  to  settle  it  for 
the  timorous  and  unskilful.    Gifford. 
DEPLIKE.  Deeply.    (A.-S.) 
DEPOSE.    A  pledge ;  a  deposit.  Pr.  Parv. 
DEPPER.   Deeper.    (A.-S.) 
DEPRAVE.    To  vilify ;  to  traduce.    See  State 
Papers,  ii.   400 ;    Hoccleve,  p.  39.    Shake- 
speare uses  it  in  this  sense.   Deprevon,  Aude- 
lay's  Poems,  p.  24. 

DEPRESE.    To  press  down.    (A.-N.) 
DEPURED.    Purified. 

As  golde  in  fire  is  fyned  by  assay, 
And  at  the  teest  silver  is  depwed. 

MS.  Ashmolo  39,  f.  46. 

DEPUTTE.    Deputed ;  arranged. 
DEQUACE.    To  crush.    (A.-S.) 
DERACINATE.    To  root  up.    Shale. 
DERAINE.  To  quarrel ;  to  contest.  Sometimes, 

to  challenge  or  array  an  army. 
DERAYE.    Confusion ;  noise.  *  (A.-N.)    Also  a 

verb,  to  act  as  a  madman. 

He  began  to  make  deraye, 
And  to  hys  felows  dud  he  say. 

MS.  Cantab.  Ff.  ii.  38,  f.  157. 
DERE.  (1)  To  hurt,  to  injure.    (A.-S.) 
The  prophecie  saith  there  schal  dere  hym  noo  thinge ; 
He  it  ys  that  schal  wynne  ceistell,  toun,  and  tour. 

M8.  Soc.  Antiq.  101,  f .  38. 
Sum  wycchecrafte  thou  doust  aboute  bere, 
That  thy  bondes  mow  the  nat  dare. 

MS.  Hart.  1701,  f.  70. 

(2)  To  hurry,  frighten,  or  astonish  a  child.    Ex- 
moor. 

(3)  Dear ;  precious ;  delightful.    (A.-S.) 


DEE 


299 


DES 


(4)  Dire  ;  sad.    East. 
)  There.    Langtoft. 

}  Noble;  honourable.  "Arthure  the  dere" 
Perceval,  508  ;  "  Syr  Cadore  \vitli  his  dere 
knyghttes,"  MS.  Morte  Arthore. 

(7)  All  sorts  of  wild  animals.    (d.-S.}    "Rattes 
and  inyse  and  such  smsldere,"  Beves  of  Hamp- 
ton and  King  Lear. 

(8)  To  dare.    Derst,  darest. 

(9)  Dearth.    Rob,  Glouc. 

DEREIGNE.    To  justify ;  to  prove.    (^.-JV.) 

He  is  fre  to  plede  for  us,  and  al  oure  rijt  de>eigne, 
And  no  creature  may  have  cause  upon  him  topleyn. 
MS,  Eg&tvn  927. 

DEREKELLY-MINTJTE.    Immediately,   /.  W. 
DERELICHE.    Joyfully. 

Scho  bad  me  derelict  drawe,  and  drynke  to  hirselfene. 
Murte  Arthur*,  MS.  Lincoln,  f.  89. 
DERELING.     Darling.    (A.-S.} 
DE  RELY.  Expensively;  richly.   O/.-S.)   In  the 

East,  direly,  lamentably,  extremely. 
DERENES.    Attachment.    (A.-S.} 
With  the  erle  eshe  lent 
In  derenes  nyghte  and  daye. 

MS.  Lincoln  A.  i.  17,  f.  138 

DERENGE.    To  derange.    (A.-N.} 
DEREV70RTHE.  Precious;  honourable.  (A.-S.} 

A  person  named  Derewertke  is  mentioned  in 

MS.  Rot.  Harl.  76  C.  13. 

A  duches  dereworthily  dyghte  in  dyaperde  wedis. 
Morte  Arthurs,  MS.  Lincoln,  f.  87, 
5yt  ys  thyr  an  unlcynde  sloghethhede, 
That  a  man  utineth  for  no  gode  dede 
Wyl  wurschep  God  dtn  torthly. 

MS.  Harl    1701,  f.34. 

DEREYNE.    Agreement ;  arbitration.    (^.-N.) 
Sometimesj  to  derange  or  disorder. 

DERFE.     Strong ;  powerful ;  fierce. 

And  dele  dynttys  of  dethe  with  oure  derfe  wapyns. 
Morte  Jtrthure,  MS.  Lincoln,  f.  56. 

DERGY.     Short  and  thick-set.     West 
DERIVATE.    To  transpose  a  charge  from  one 

person  to  another.    (Lat.) 
DERK.    Dark.    (A.-S.)    Sometimes,  darkness. 

Also  a  verb,  to  darken  or  obscure. 
DERKHEDE.     Darkness.     (A.-S.} 
DERL.     To  scold.     Yorfa-h. 
DERLILY.    Dearly ;  sumptuously.     (A.-S.) 
DERLOURTHY.    Precious.     Pr.  Parv. 
DERNE.  (1)  Secret.    (A.-S.} 

Thei  made  a  gederynge  greet  and  dern. 

Cursor  Mundi,  MS.  Cantab*  f.  108. 
Late  us  hald  us  in  dertie 
The  byrde  to  habid. 

MS.  Lincoln  A.  i.  17,  f .  133. 
Hur  fadur  prayed  hir  of  luf  derne, 

MS.  Cantab,  Ff.  v.  48,  f.  43. 
And  he  lovyd  me  so  derne, 
Y  myght  not  hym  love  werne. 

MS.  Cantab.  Ff.  ii.  38,  f.  149- 
(2)  To  hide ;  to  sculk.     Hudson. 
DERNELIKE.     Secretly.    (^.-£) 

Both  demehTce  arid  stille 

Ich  wfle  the  Jove.  M&  nigby  86. 

DEBNERE.    A  threshold. 

On  every  post,  oa  uche  derneret 
The  syne  of  thayn  make  je  there. 

Cunor  Mundi,  MS,  Coll.  Trin.  Cantab,  f.  38. 


DERNFUL.    Dismal;  sad.    Wares. 
DERNLY.    Severely;  sadly.  Spenser.   See  also 

Towneley  Myst.  p.  141. 
DEROGATE.     Degraded.     Shale 
DEROY.  (1)  A  kind  of  cloth.     (F 
(2)  A  party,  or  company.    North. 
DERRE.     Dearer.    (^..£) 
DERRERE.     Dearer.     Welter. 
DERREST.     Noblest.     Gawayne. 
DERRICK.  A  celebrated  executioner  at  Tyhiirn 

in  the  first  half  of  the  seventeenth  century. 

Hence  it  came  to  be  used  for  a  general  term 

for  a  hangman.    See  Blount's  Glossoeraphia, 

ed.  1681,  p.  190.  *   * 

DERRING-DO.  Deeds  of  arms.  Derring-doers, 

warlike  heroes.     Spenser. 
DERSE.     Havock;  to  dirty;  to  spread  dung; 

to  cleanse ;  to  beat.     Craven. 
DERTHYNE.    To  make  dear.     Pr.  Parv. 
DERTRE.    A  tetter,  or  ringworm.     (^.-M) 
DERVELY.    Fiercely ;  sternly ;  powerfully.  ' 
DERWENTWATER.      Lord    Derwentwater's 
v  lights,  a  popular  name  for  the  Aurora  Bo- 

realis,  which  appeared  remarkably  vivid  on 

the  night  of  the  unfortunate  Earl's  execution. 

Brockett. 

DERWORTHYNESSE.    Honour: joy.    (A.-S.\ 
DERYE.    Hurt;  harm.    (^-^.) 
DERYGESE.     Dirges.    (Lat.} 

Done  for  d&ygese,  as  to  the  ded  fallys. 

Morte  Arthurs,  MS.  Lincoln,  f.  95. 
DES.     See  Deis. 
DESCANT.     The  old  term  for  variation  in 

music, 
DESCENSORIE.   A  vessel  used  in  alchemy  for 

the  extraction  of  oils. 
DESCES.    Decease;  death.    Langtoft. 
DESCEYYANCE.    Deceit;  trickery.     (^.-JV.) 
DESCHARGID.  Deprived  of  a  charge.  Weter. 
DESCIDE.    To  cleave  in  two.     (Lat.} 
DESCRIED.    Gave  notice  of;  discovered.   See 

Dyce's  Timon,  p.  18. 
DESCRIVE.    To  describe.   See  Hailed  Export. 

p.  31 ;  Ywaine  and  Gawin,  902.     (Fr.) 
DESCURE.    To  discover.    (~^.-.A) 
DESCUVER.     To  discover.     (A.-N.} 
DESEDERABILLE.    To  be  desired.    (Lat} 
Sothely,  Jhesu,rf^erfem6t7?ees  thi  name,  lufabylle 

and  cornfortabylle.     Nane  swa  swete  joye  may  be 

consayvede.    Nane  swa  swete  sange  may  be  herde.— 

MS.  Linculn  A.  i.  17,  f.  192. 

DESELET.     Desolate;  distressed.     (A.-N.) 
DESEPERAUNCE.    Despair.    (A.-N.}    Urry's 
ed.  reads  disperaunce,  p.  427.     The  same  va- 
riation occurs  at  1.  652. 

And  he  that  wille  not  after  conseylle  do> 
His  sute  he  putteth  in  dexeperaunce. 

Chaucer,  MS.  Cantab.  Ff.  i.  6,  f.  309, 

DESERIE.    To  disinherit.    (Fr.) 
DESERVE.     To  earn.    Also,  to  reward  any. 

body  for  his  services  towards  one. 
DESESE.    Inconvenience.    (^..#1) 
DESEVERE.  To  separate.  Chester  Plays,  i.  132, 
DESEVY.    To  deceive.    (d.-N.} 
DESGBLI.    Secretly.    (^.-K) 
DESIDERY.    Desire.    (Lat.} 


DES 


300 


DEV 


DESIGHT.  An  unsightly  object.  Wilts. 
DESIGN.  To  point  out,  (Lat.) 
DESIRE.  To  invite  to  dinner,  &c. 
DESIREE.  Desirable.  (J.-N.) 
DESIRITE.  Ruined.  (A.-N.)  See  Gy  of 
Warlike,  p.  381;  Arthour  and  Merlin,  p.  340. 
DESIROUS.  Eager.  (d.-N.)  It  seems  to  be 

sometimes  used  for  desirable. 
DESKATERED.     Scattered  about. 
DESKIAUNDAR.     Blame.     See  the  Arrival 

of  King  Edward  IV.  p.  12. 
DESLAVIE.    Impure.     (A.-N.} 
DESLAYE.    To  blame ;  to  deny.     (^.-JV.) 
For  how  as  ever  I  be  deslayed, 
jit  evermore  •!  have  assayed. 

Cower,  MS.  Soc.  Arttiq.  134,  f.  114 
That  he  wanhope  bryngeth  inne 
Where  is  no  comforte  to  begynne, 
But  every  joye  him  is  deslayed. 

MS.  Ibid,  f,  125, 

DESPARPLE.     To  disperse.     Maundevile. 
DE SPEED.    To  dispatch.     Speed. 
DESPENDE.    To  waste ;  to  consume. 
Ko  that  his  wittis  he  despendeth. 

MS.  Soc.  Antiq.  134,  f.  SO. 

DESPENS.    Expense.     (4.-N.) 
DESPERATE.    Very;  great.    Var.  dial    Spelt 

desperd  in  some  glossaries. 
DESPITE.    Malicious  anger.     (4.-N.) 
DESPITOUS.    Very  angry.    (4.-N.) 
DESPITOUSLY.    Angrily.     (J.-N.) 
DESPOILE.    To  undress.  '  (A.-N.)    Despuled, 

Arthour  and  Merlin,  p.  53. 
DESPOTJT.   Dispute.   Seyyn  Sages,  194.  Des- 

pute,  MS.  Soc.  Antiq.  134, 1  47. 
DESS.   To  lay  close  together ;  to  pile  in  order ; 

to  cut  a  section  of  hay  from  a  stack.    North. 
DESSABLE.    Constantly.    North.    Spelt  also 

dessalty  and  dessally. 
DESSE.     A  desk.     Spenser. 
DESSMENT.     Stagnation.     North. 
DESSORRE,     Same  as  Blank-Surry,  q.  v. 
DEST.    Didst.     Rob.  Glouc.  p.  194. 
DESTAUNCE.  Pride ;  discord ;  treachery.   See 

Ritson's  Anc.   Songs,  i.   52;   Arthour  and 

Merlin,  p.  171. 
DESTAYNEDE.    Destined. 

5*if  us  be  destaynede  to  dy  to  daye  one  this  crthe, 

We  salle  be  hewede  unto  hevene  or  we  be  halfe  colde. 
Mortfi  Arthwe,  MS.  Lincoln,  f.  96. 

DESTE.    Dashed.    Tristrem,  p.  265. 
DESTEIGNED.    Stained;  disfigured. 
As  he  whiche  hath  siknesse  faynid, 
Whanne  his  visage  is  so  desteiyned. 

Cower,  MS.  Soc.  Antiq.  134,  f.  43 
He  tok  to  Dejaniie  his  scherte, 
Whiche  with  the  blood  was  of  his  herte 
Thorowoute  desteiyned  over  alle. 

MS.  Ibid.  f.  76. 

DESTENE.    Destiny.     (4.-S.) 
DESTENYNG.    Destiny.     Gawayne. 
DESTINABLE.     Destined.     (Lai.) 
DESTITUABLE.    Destitute.     (Fr.) 
DESTOUR.    Disturbance.     (J.-N.) 
DESTR.E.    A  turning.     (A.-N.) 
DESTREINE.    To  vex ;  to  constrain.    (^/.-M) 
DESTRERE.    A  war-horse.     (^.-Ar.) 


Gy  raysed  up  that  mayden  der, 
And  set  hyr  on  ay  gud  dei>tre>-t 

Guy  of  Wmwick,  Middlshill  M*. 
He  drewe  alonde  hys  desterere, 

MS.  Cantab.  Ff.  ii.  39,  f.  116. 
DESTRUIE.    To  destroy.     (A.-N.) 

And  has  destruied>  to  moche  schame, 
The  prechouris  of  his  holy  name. 

(lower,  MS.  Soc.  Antiq.  134,  f.  83. 

DESTRYNGED.    Divided. 

Also  this  bukees  destrynged  in  thrise  fyftipsalmes. 
MS.  Coll,  Eton.  10,  f.  1. 
DESTUTED.    Destitute ;  wanting. 
DESUETE.     Obsolete  ;  out  of  use.   (Lat.) 
DESUME.     To  take  away.   (Lat.) 
DESWARRE.    Doubtlessly. 
DETACTE,     To  slander  or  backbite. 
DETECT.    To  accuse.     Shak. 
DETERMINAT.    Fixed ;  determined.     (Lot.) 
DETERMINE.    To  terminate.    (Lat.) 
DETERMISSION,  DeteiToination ;  distinction* 

Chaucer. 
DETHE.    Deaf.     See  Death. 

Bettur  were  ye  to  be  dethe  and  dome, 
Then  for  to  be  on  any  enqueste. 

MS.  Cantab.  Ff.  ii.  38,  f.  43. 

DETHWARD.     The  approach  of  death. 
DETIE.     A  ditty.     Palsgrave. 
DETRACT.     To  avoid.     (Lat.) 
DETRAE.    To  thrust  down.     (Lat.) 
DETRIMENT.    A  small  sum  of  money  paid 

yearly  by  barristers  for  the  incidental  repairs 

of  their  inns  of  court. 
DETTE.    A  debt.     (^.-JV.) 
DETTELES.    Free  from  debt.    (A.-N.) 
DEUCE.     The  devil.     Var.  dial.     Spelt  deuts 

by  Junius,  Etym.  Angl. 
DEUK.     To  bend  down.    Beds. 
DEULE.    The  devil, 
DEUS.     Sweet.     (A.-N.) 
DEUSAN*.    A  kind  of  apple,  or  any  hard  fruit, 

according  to  Minsheu.    See  Florio,  p.  163. 

Still  in  use,  Forby,  i.  92. 
DEUSEAVYEL.    The  country.    Harman. 
DEUSEWYNS.     Twopence.     DM-er. 
DEUTYRAUNS.    Some  kind  of  wild  beasts, 

mentioned  in  Kyng  Alisaunder,  5416. 
DEVALD.    To  cease.    North. 
DEVANT.   Apron.   (Fr.)    Or,  perhaps,  pocket- 
handkerchief  in  Ben  Jonson,  ii,  349. 
DEVE.  (1)  See  Deffe. 
(2)  To  dive ;  to  dip.    East. 
DEVELING.    Laying  flat  ?    See  Arthour  and 

Merlin,  p.  287 ;  Beves  of  Hamtoun,  p.  27, 
DEVELOP.     To  envelop.   (Fr.) 
DEVERE.  Duty;  endeavour.   (.*/.- JV.) 

Thow  has  dough ttily  doune,  syr  duke,  with  thi 
handez, 

And  has  doune  thy  daver  with  my  dere  knyghttoz. 
Morte  Artjiwe,  MS.  Lincoln,  f.  73. 

DEVIAUNT.    Deviating.     Chaucer. 

DEVICE.  A  name  given  to  any  piece  of  ma- 
chinery moved  by  wires  or  pulleys,  especially 
to  that  employed  on  the  ancient  stage. 

DEVIL.  (1)  la  the  devil  way,  i.  e.  in  the  name 
of  the  devil,  a  common  oath  in  early  works  of 
a  facetious  or  amusing  character. 


DEW 


301 


DEY 


^2)  A  fizgig  made  by  boys  with  damp  gun- 
powder. 

DEVILING.  The  swift.  East.  Also,  a  fretful, 
troublesome  woman. 

DEVILMENT.     Roguery ;  mischief.     North. 

DEVIL'S-BIT.  Scabiosa  succisa,  lot.  See 
Markham's  Countrey  Farme,  1616,  p.  203. 

DEVIL'S-BONES.     Dice.     Del-ker. 

DEVIL'S-COW.     A  kind  of  beetle.    Som. 

DEVIL-SCREECHER.    The  swift.     West. 

DEVIL'S-DANCING-HOUR.     Midnight. 

DEVIL'S-DUNG.    Assafoetida.     Far.  dial. 

DEVIL'S.  GOLD-RING.  A  palmer  worm.  North. 

DEVIL'S-MINT.  An  inexhaustible  fund  of  any- 
thing. East. 

DE  VIL'S-PATER-NOSTER.  To  say  the  devil's 
pater-noster,  to  mutter  or  grumble. 

DEVIL'S-SNUFF-BOX.    The  puff-ball. 

DEVILTRY.  Anything  unlucky,  offensive, 
hurtful,  or  hateful.  East. 

DEVINAL.    A  wizard.    SJdnner. 

DEVINERESSE.    A  witch ;  a  prophetess. 

DEVING-POND.  A  pond  fiom  which  water  is 
drawn  for  domestic  use  by  dipping  a  pail. 
East. 

DEVINING.    Divination.    (A.-N.) 

DEVISE.  To  direct ;  to  order ;  to  relate.  At 
point  devise,  with  the  greatest  exactness. 
Chaucer.  Also,  to  espy,  to  get  a  know- 
ledge of.  (A.-N.) 

DEVOIDE.  To  remove ;  to  put  away.  "De- 
voidid  clene,"  Rom.  of  the  Rose,  2929.  Also, 
to  avoid  or  shun. 

Therefore  devoyede  my  companye. 

MS.  Harl  2252,  f.  102. 

DEVOIR.     Same  as  Devere,  q.  v. 

DEVOLUTED.  RoUeddown.  (Lat.}  See  Hall, 
HenryV.f.4. 

DEVORS.    Divorce.   (A.-N.) 

DEVOTELICHE.    Devoutly;  earnestly. 

DEVOTERER.    An  adulterer.   (A.-N.) 

DEVOTIONS.     Consecrated  things. 

DEVOURE.     To  deflower,  or  ravish. 

DEVOUTEMENT.    Devoutly.    (A.-N.) 

DEVOW.  To  disavow.  Fletcher.  It  properly 
signifies  to  dedicate  or  give  up  to. 

DEVULSION.    A  breaking  up.    Fhrio. 

DEVYN.  Prophecy,  Langtoft,  p.  282.  Divi- 
nity, Piers  Ploughman,  p.  508. 

DEVYSION.    Division ;  discord.    (A.-N.) 

DEVYTE.     Duty;  devoir.    Hearne. 

DEW.    To  rain  slightly.    Var.  dial 

DEW-BEATERS.  Coarse  oiled  shoes  that  re- 
sist the  dew.  Var*  dial. 

DEWBERRY.  The  dwarf  mulberry,  rubus 
chamcemorus,  often  confused  with  the  black- 
berry, being  a  similar  fruit  only  of  a  larger 
size.  Dewberries  are  mentioned  hy  Shake- 
speare, and  are  still  common  at  Stratford-on- 
Avon.  It  seems  to  be  the  same  as  the  cloud- 
berry in  Gerard,  p.  1368.  The  gooseberry  is 
so  called  in  some  places. 

DEW-BIT.  The  first  meal  in  the  morning,  not 
so  substantial  as  a  regular  breakfast.  West. 


DEW-DRINK.  The  first  allowance  of  beer  to 
harvest  men.  East.  Called  the  dew-cup  in 
Hants. 

DEWE.    Dawned.    (A.-S.) 

To  the  castelle  thay  spede 

When  the  daye  dewe.   MS.  Lincoln  A.  i.  17,  f.  137, 

DEWEN.    To  deafen.    (A.-S.) 

DEWING.   The  dew.  North.   It  occurs  in  Kyng 

Alisaunder,  914. 
DEWKYS.    Dukes.    Ritson. 
DEWLAPS.      Coarse  woollen  stockings  but- 

toned  over  others  to  keep  the  legs  warm  and 

dry.    Kent. 
DEWRE.    To  endure. 

Moradas  was  so  styff  in  stowre, 

Ther  myght  no  man  hys  dyntys  dewre. 

MS.  Cantab.  Ff.  ii.  38,  f.  79. 
And  my  two  chyldren  be  fro  me  borne, 
Thys  lyfe  y  may  not  dewre.         MS.  Ibid.  f.  84. 
Hey]e,  youthe  that  never  schall  eelde ! 
Heyle,  bewt£  evyr  dewryngt        MS.  Ibid.  f.  4. 
DEWRESSE.    Hardship ;  severity.    (A.-N.) 

The  londe  of  dethe  and  of  all  dewresse, 
In  whych  noon  ordre  may  there  dwelle. 

JUS.  Cantab.  Ff.  ii.  38,  £  23. 

DEW-ROSE.    Distilled  rose-water. 
DEW-ROUNDS.    The  ring-walks  of  deer.    See 

Blome's  Gent.  Rec.  ii.  78. 
DEWSIERS.   The  valves  of  a  pig's  heart.  West. 
DEW-SNAIL.    A  slug.     Xarth. 
DEWTRY.  A  species  of  plant,  similar  to  night- 

shade.    Butler. 

DEWYN.    To  bedew.     (A.-S.) 
DEXE.    A  desk.    Skinner. 
DEXTERICAL.    Dexterous.    See  the  Optick 

Glasse  of  Humors,  1 639,  p.  82. 
DEY.  (1)  They.    Ritson. 
(2)  A  female  servant  who  had  the  charge  of  the 

dairy,  and  all  things  pertaining  to  it.  Chaucer 

has  the  word.     Sometimes  a  male  servant 

who  performed  those  duties  was  so  called. 
DEYE.     To  die.     (^..£) 
DEYELL.    The  devil.     Ritson. 
DEYER.    Adier.     (^..£) 
DEYKE.    A  hedge.     Cumb. 
DEYL.    A  part;  or  portion.    "  Never  a  deyl," 

not  at  all   (4.-S.) 

3yf  every  knyjt  loved  other  weyl, 
Tournamentes  shulde  be  never  a  deyl. 

MS.  HarL  1701,  f.  31. 

DEYLED.     Spiritless ;  careworn.     Cumb. 
DEYNER.    A  dinner.    (A.-N.} 
DEYNOUS.    Disdainful.    (A.-N.) 

And  Rightwisnesse  with  hem  was  eke  there, 
And  trouthe  alhO  with  a  deynoua  face  and  chcre. 
Lydgate,  MS.  Ashmols  39,  f.  20. 

DEYNOUSHEDE.     Scornfulness.    (^.-JV.) 

DEYNTEYS.    Dainties. 

Then,  dwellyd  they  bothe  in  fere, 
Wyth  alle  maner  deynteys  that  were  acre. 

MS.  Cantab.  Ff .  ii.  38,  f.  3*. 

DEYNTTELY.    Daintily.    (A^N.) 

DEYNYD.    Disdained.    Skelton. 

DEYRE.    To  hurt,  or  injure.    (A.-S.} 

DEYS.    Dice.     Weber. 

DEYSE.    Day.     Weber. 

DEYTRON.    Daughters.    Chron.  Vil.  p.  41. 


DIG 


302 


DIP 


DEY-WIFE.    A  dairy-woman.   Palsgrave. 

DEZICK.    A  day's  work.    Sussex. 

JDEZZED.    Injured  by  cold.     Cumb. 

DE3E.    To  die.     (A-S.} 

DIABLO.    The  devil.   (Span.}   Used  as  an  ex- 
clamation, in  our  old  plays. 

DIAL.     A  compass.     Var.  dial. 

DIALOGUE.     An  eighth  part  of  a  sheet  of 
writing  paper.    North. 

DIAPASE.    The  diapason.    Jsh. 

DIAPENIDION.    An  electuary.     (Gr.) 

DIAPER.   To  decorate  with  a  variety  of  colours  ; 
to  embroider  on  a  rich  ground.     (A.-N.) 
There  was  a  rich  figured  cloth  so  called,  Strutt, 
ii.  6 ;  as  also  a  kind  of  printed  linen.   Diapres 
of  Antioch    are  mentioned  in  the  Roman 
d' Alexandre,  MS.  Bodl.  264. 
A  duches  dereworthily  dyghte  in  dyaperde  wedis, 
In  a  surcott  of  sylke  full  selkouthely  hewede. 

Morte  Arthure,  MS.  Lincoln,  f.  87- 
DIB.  (1)  The  cramp-bone.     Dorset. 

(2)  A  dip.    Also,  to  dip  or  incline. 

(3)  A  valley.     North. 
DIBBEN.    A  fillet  of  veal.     Devon. 
DIBBER.    A  dibble,  q.  v.    South. 
D1BBITY.    A  pancake.     Var.  dial. 
DIBBLE.    A  setting  stick.     Var.  dial.     Ben 

Jonson  seems  to  use  it  for  a  moustachio. 
DIBBLE-DABBLE.     Rubbish.     North. 
DIBBLER.    A  pewter  plate.     Cumb. 
DIBLES.    Difficulties ;  scrapes.    East. 
DIBS.  (1)  Money.     Var.  dial 
(2)  A  game  played  with  the  bones  of  sheep. 

See  Ward's  Corpus  Christi  Coll.  Stat.  p.  140. 

The  dibs  are  the  small  bones  in  the  knees  of 

a  sheep,  uniting  the  bones  above  and  below 

the  joint.     See  Holloway,  p.  45. 
DIBSTONE.  A  child's  game,  played  by  tossing 

pebbles,  and  also  called  dibs. 
DICACIOUS.    Talkative.     (Lot.) 
DICARE.    The  same  as  dicker,  q.  v. 
DICE.    A  lump  or  piece.     Yorksh, 
DICER.    A  dice-player.     Greene. 
DICHE.    To  dig.     (A.~S.) 
DICKER.    A  digger.     (A.-S.) 
DICHT.    Made.     Gawayne. 
DICION.    Power.     (Lat.) 
DICK.  (1)  A  dike ;  a  ditch.     Var.  dial. 

(2)  A  leather  apron  and  bib,  worn  by  poor  chil- 
dren in  the  North. 

(3)  Dressed  up  to  the  tune  of  Queen  Dick,  i.  e. 
very  fine.    That  happened  in  the  reign  of 
Queen  Dick,  i.  e.  never. 

(4)  The  bank  of  a  ditch.    Norf. 

(5)  To  deck,  or  adorn.    North. 

(6)  A  kind  of  hard  cheese.    Suffolk. 
DICK-A-DILVER.    The  periwinkle.    East. 
DICKASS.    A  jack-ass.    North. 
DICK-A-TUESDAY.    The  ignis  fatuus. 
DICKEN.    The  devil.  Var.  dial.  Odds  dickens, 

a  kind  of  petty  oath.  The  term  is  occasionally 
so  employed  in  old  plays,  as  in  Heywood's 
Edward  IV.  p.  40. 

DICKER.    Ten  of  any  commodity,  as  ten  hides 
of  leather,  ten  bars  of  iron,  &c. 


DICK-HOLL.    A  ditch.    Norf. 

DICKON.    A  nickname  for  Richard. 

DICK'S-HATBAND.  Said  to  have  been  made 
of  sand,  and  it  has  afforded  many  a  compai  i- 
son.  As  queer  as  Dicffs  hatband,  &c. 

DICKY.  (1)  Donkey.     Var.  dial. 

(2)  A  woman' s  under-petticoat.    Also,  a  com- 
mon leather  apron. 

(3)  The  top  of  a  hill.     West. 

(4)  It  is  all  Dickey  with  him,  i.  e.  it  is  all  over 
with  him. 

DICKY-BIRD.    A  small  bird.    Also,  a  louse. 

DICTAMNUM.    The  herb  dittany.     (Lot.) 

DICTE.    A  saying.     (Lat.) 

DICTITATE.    To  speak  often.     (Lot.) 

DICTOUR.    A  judge,  or  guardian.     (A.-N.) 

DID.    To  hide.     Craven. 

DIDAL.    A  triangular  spade  well  adapted  for 

cutting  and  banking  up  ditches.    East.     See 

Tusser,  p.  15.    To  didal,  to  clean  a  ditch  or 

river. 

DIDAPPER.    The  dob-chick.    East. 
DIDDEN.     Did.     Var.  dial. 
DIDDER.      To   shiver:  to  tremble.      North. 

"  Dydderyng  and  dadderyng,"  Hye  Way  to 

the  Spyttell  Hous,  n,  d. 
DIDDER-DODDER.     To  tremble     North. 
DIDDLE.  (1)  To  trick  or  cajole.     Var.  dial 

(2)  A  machine  for  taking  salmon.    West. 

(3)  To  dawdle  or  trifle.    East. 

(4)  To  hum  a  tune.     North. 
DIDDLECOME.      Half   mad;   sorely  vexed. 

West. 

DIDDLES.    Young  ducks.    East. 
DIDDS.    A  cow's  teats.     Chesh. 
DIDDY.  The  nipple,  or  teat.  Var.  dial.  Some. 

times  the  milk  is  so  called. 
DIDE.     Died.     Chaucer. 
DIDEN.    Pa.  t.  pi.  of  Do.     (A.-S.} 
DIDO.     A  trick,  or  trifle. 
DIE.  (1)  To  tinge.     (A.-S.)       ' 
(2)  As  clean  as  a  die,  as  close  as  a  die,  i.  e.  as 

clean  as  possible,  &c. 
D1ELLE.     A  share  or  portion. 

And  thus  for  that  ther  is  no  dielle 
Whereof  to  make  myn  avaunte. 

Cower,  MS.  Sec.  Antiq.  134,  f.  54. 

DIERE.     A  beast.     (Dut.) 

DIERN.     Severe ;  hard  j  stern.     West. 

DIET.    To  take  diet,  to  be  put  under  a  rcgimen 

for  the  lues  venerea. 
DIETE.     Daily  food.     (A.-N.) 
DIET-HOUSE.     "  His  diet-houses,  intertein- 
ment,  and  all  other  things  neccssarie,"  Holm- 
shed,  Chron.  of  Ireland,  p,  133. 
DIFFADE.    To  injure ;  to  destroy.     (A.-N.) 
DIFFAME.    Bad  reputation.     (A.-N.)     Also, 
to  disgrace,  as  in  Langtoft,  p.  321 ;  but  some- 
times, to  spread  abroad  one's  fame. 
DIFFENDE.    To  defend.     (A.-N.) 
DIFFER.    To  quarrel.     Var.  dial 
DIFFERENCE.    A  controversy.     North. 
DIFFIBULATE.    To  unbutton.    (£,«*.) 
DIFFICILE.   Difficult.  (Lat.)  "Neweanddif. 
Scale,"  Hall,  Henry  VIL  f.  20, 


DIK 


303 


DIN 


DIFFICILITATE.     To  make  difficult     (Lat.) 
DIFFICILNESS.    Difficulty ;  scrupulousness. 
DIFFICULT.     Peevish;  fretful.     North. 
DIFFICULTER.     More  difficult.     Var.dial. 
DIFFIDE.    To  distrust.     (Lat.} 
DIFFIGURE.    To  disfigure.     (Fr} 
DIFFIND.    To  cleave  in  two.     (Lat) 
DIFFINE.  To  conclude;  to  determine.  (A.-N.) 

See  Maundevile's  Travels,  p.  315. 
DIFFINISH.    To  define.     Chaucer. 
DIFFODED.     Digged.     Coles. 
DIFFREULED.     Tainted  with  sin.     (A.-N.) 

This  seems  to  be  the  meaning  of  the  word  in 

a  poem  in  MS.  Cantab.  Ff.  i.  6,  although  it 

may  possibly  be  an  error  for  dissreuled. 
DIFFUGOTJS.     Flying  divers  ways.     (Lat.} 
DIFFUSE.    Difficult ;  hard  to  be  understood. 

Palsgrave. 
DIFFUSED.  Wild;  irregular; confused.  "With 

some  diffused  song,"  Shak. 
DIG.    (1)    To  spur  a  horse;  to  stab  a  man 

through  his  armour,  &c. 

(2)  To  bury  anything  in  the  ground. 

(3)  A  mattock ;  a  spade.     YorJcsh. 

(4)  A  duck.    Chesh.    Chester  Plays,  i.  52. 

(5)  Fo  munch ;  to  eat.     Var.  dial. 
DIG-BRID.    A  young  duck.     Lane. 
DIGESTIBLE.     Easy  to  be  digested.  (Lat.) 
DIGESTIVES.      Things    to     help    digestion. 

Chaucer. 
DIGGABLE.    Capable  of  being  digged.    Hu- 

loet's  Abcedarium,  1552. 
DIGGING.    A  spit  in  depth.     North. 
DIGGINGS.    Proceedings.     Devon. 
DIGHLE.     Secret.     Verstegan. 
DIGHT.  (1)  To  dispose.     (A.-S.) 

(2)  To  dress  ;  to  adorn ;  to  prepare  ;  to  put  on  ; 
to  find  out.     (A.-S.)    Also,  the  part.  past. 

(3)  To  prepare,  or  clean  anything.    North. 

(4)  To  foul,  or  dirty.    Ray. 
DIGHTER.    A  dresser.    Florio. 
DIGHTINGS.    Deckings ;  ornaments.    Florio. 
DIGNE.  (1)  Worthy.     (A.-N.) 

(2)  Proud ;  disdainful.     (A.-N.) 
DIGNELICHE.    Deservedly.     (^.-A'.) 
DIGNOSTICK.    An  indication.    (Lat.) 

Also  the  mists  that  arise  from  severall  parts  of 
the  earth,  and  are  dignosticks  of  subterranean  waters, 
owe  their  transpiration  to  this  internall  heate. 

Aubrey's  Wilts,  MS.  Royal  Soc.  p.  112. 

DIG-OUT.    To  unearth  the  badger. 
DIGRAVE.     Same  as  Dike-reoe,  q.  v. 
DIGRESS.     To  deviate  j  to  differ. 
DIGRESSION.    Deviation.    Shdk. 
DIKE.  (1)  A  ditch.     Var.  dial    Down  in  the 
dike,  i  e.  sick,  diseased. 

(2)  A  dry  hedge.     Cumb. 

(3)  A  small  pond,  or  river.     Yor&sh. 

(4)  A  small  rock  in  a  stratum ;  a  crack  or  breach 
of  the  solid  strata. 

(5)  To  dig ;  to  make  ditches.     (A.-S.) 
Depe  dolvene  ami  dede,  dylted  in  raoldez. 

Marts  Arthurs,  MS.  Lincoln  t  f.  63, 

DIKE-CAM.    A  ditch  bank.    North. 
DIKEDEN.     Digged,  pi.     (A.-S.} 
DIKER.    A  hedger,  or  ditcher.     (A.-S.) 


DIKE-RE  VE.    An  officer  who  superintends  the 

dikes  and  drains  in  marshes. 
DIKESMOWLER.     The  hedge-sparrow 
DIKE-STOUR.    A  hedge-stake.     Cumb.   * 
DILANIATE.     To  rend  in  pieces,    f  Lat.} 
DILATATION.     Enlargement.     'A.-N.\ 
DILATORY.    A  delay.     (Lat.}   * 
DILDE.     To  protect.     (A.-N.) 
DILDRAMS,    Improbable  tales.     West. 
DILE.     The  devil.     Stanihurst,  p.  9. 
DILECCION.    Love.    (Lat.} 

Frendschipe,  adewe!  fare  wel,  dileccionl 
Age  is  put  outeofoure  proteccion. 

Occleve,  MS.  Soc.  Antiq.  134,  f.  255. 

DILFULL.     See  Dylfutte. 

DILL.  (1)  Hedge  parsley.     Var.  dial 

(2)  To  soothe;  to  still;  to  calm.    North*    See 
dylle,  Towneley  Myst. 

(3)  Two  seeded  tare.     Glouc. 

(4)  A  wench,  or  doxy.    DeJclcer. 

(5)  A  word  to  call  ducks.     Var.  dial. 
DILLAR.    The  shaft-horse.     Wilts. 
DILLE.  (IJDullj  foolish. 

Of  alle  the  dedes  tbay  couthe  doo,  that  derfe  ware 

and  dille, 

Thou  dyede  noghte,  for  thaire  dede  did  no  dere 
unto  the.  MS.  Lincoln  A.  i.  17,  f.  232. 

The  beate  that  hath  no  skylle, 
But  of  speche  dombe  and  dylle. 

MS.  Cantab.  Ff .  il.  38,  f .  43 
(2)  To  dull,  or  prevent. 

How  Juus  wit  ther  gret  unschille, 
Wend  his  uprisyrg  to  dilie. 

MS.  Cott.  Vespas.  A,  iii.  f.  *, 

DILLED.    Quite  finished.     Cumb. 
DILLING.    A  darling,  or  favourite.    Also,  the 

youngest  child,  or  the  youngest  of  a  brood. 
DILLS.    The  paps  of  a  sow.    East. 
DILLY.    A  small  public  carriage,  corrupted 

from  Fr.  diligence. 
DILNOTE.    The  herb  cidamum, 
DILT.    To  stop  up.    North. 
DILVE.    To  cleanse  ore.     Cornw. 
DILYERED.      Wearied;    confused;     heavy; 

drowsy ;  shivery ;  nervous.    East. 
DIM.     Dimness;  darkness.     (A.-S.) 
DIMBER.    Pretty.     Wore. 
DIMBLE.    A  narrow  valley,  or  dingle. 
DIMHEDE.    Dimness.     (A.-S.) 
DIMINITING.     Diminishing.     (Lat.) 
DIMINUTE.    Imperfect.     (Lat.) 
DIMISSARIES.     "  They  pawne  their  glibs,  the 

nailes  of  their  fingers  and  toes,  their  dimis- 

saries,  &c."  Stanihurst,  p.  45. 
DIMME.    Dark;  darkly.     (A.-S.)    Also,  hard 

or  difficult  to  be  understood. 
DIMMET.    Twilight.     Devon. 
DIMMING.    The  dawn  of  day.    (A.-S.) 
DIMPSE.    Twilight    Somerset. 
DIMSEL.    A  very  large  expanse  of  stagnant 

water.    Sussex. 
DIN.    Noise ;  revelry.     (4.-S.) 
DINCH.     Deaf.     Somerset. 
DINCH-PICK.    A  dung-fork;    Glove. 
DINDER.    Thunder.    Exmoor. 
DINDEREX.  '  A  thunderbolt.     Grose. 


DIR 


304 


DIS 


D1NDEBS.  Small  coins  of  the  lower  empire 
found  at  vVroxeter.  Salop.  Spelt  dynders 
by  Kennett. 

DINDLE.  (1)  The  sowthistle.     Norf, 

(2)  To  reel  or  stagger.    North.    Also  to  trem- 
ble or  shake  j  dyndled,  Morte  d' Arthur,  i.  145. 

(3)  To  tingle.    See  Stanihurst,  p.  26.     Some- 
times, to  suffer  an  acute  pain. 

DINE.    A  dinner.     (4.-N.) 
DING,  (1)  To  throw  violently ;  to  beat  out ;  to 
indent ;  to  bruise ;  to  dash  down ;  to  push,  or 
drive ;  to  sling. 

Thys  stone  walle  y  schalle  down  dynge, 
And  with  myii  hondys  y  schalle  yow  hynge. 

MS.  Cantab.  Ff.  ii.  38,  f.  66. 

(2)  To  surpass,  or  overcome.     Chesh. 

(3)  To  ding  it  in,  to  teach.    Salop. 

(4)  A  moderated  imprecation. 

(5)  To  reiterate,  or  importune.    Devon. 

(6)  To  taunt ;  to  reprove.    (Pest. 

(7)  To  bluster ;  to  bounce.     Wore. 
DING-DING.    A  term  of  endearment.    "  My 

ding-ding,  my  darling/'  Withals,  p.  61. 

DING-DONG.    Excessively;  in  good  earnest. 

DING-DOSSSLS.    Dung-pots.     Devon. 

DINGDOULERS.     Finery  in  dress.    East. 

DINGE.    To  drizzle.    Norf. 

DINGHY.    A  jolly-boat    North. 

DINGING.    A  strike,  or  blow.     (A.-S.) 

DINGLE-DANGLE.    To  dangle  loosely.  West. 

DINGNER.    More  worthy.    (A^S.) 

DING-THRIFT.  A  spendthrift.  Used  in  York- 
shire in  the  last  century.  "  Howse  of  dying- 
thrifle,"  MS.  Line.  Thorn,  f.  148. 

DINGY.    Foul;  dirty.     Somerset. 

DINMAN.    A  two-year  sheep.    North. 

DINNA.    Do  not.    North 

DINNEL.  To  stagger ;  to  tingle ;  to  thrill  with 
pain  from  cold,  &c.  North. 

DINNER-TIN.  A  tin  vessel  containing  a  la- 
bourer's dinner.  Var.  dial. 

DINNING.    A  great  noise.    Torrent,  p.  63. 

DINT.  A  stroke.  (^.-£)  By  dint  of,  i.  e.  by 
force  of,  a  common  expression. 

DINTLE.  (1)  To  indent.    North. 

(2)  An  inferior  kind  of  leather. 

DIOL.    Dole ;  lamentation.     (A.-S.} 

DIP.  (1)  Salt.    Dorset. 

(2)  Butter ;  sugar ;  any  kind  of  sauce  eaten  with 
pudding.    North. 

(3)  Cunning ;  crafty ;  deep.     West. 

(4)  To  go  downward,  as  a  vein  of  coal  lying 
obliquely  in  the  earth. 

DIPLOIS.    A  cloak.    (Gr.) 
DIPNESS.    Depth.    North. 
DIPPER.    A  bird,  cinchis  aqwticus. 
DIPPING-NET.    A  small  net  used  for  taking 

salmon  and  shad  out  of  the  water. 
DIPPINGS.    The  grease,  &c.  collected  by  the 
cook  for  occasional  use  instead  of  lard.    See 
Tusser,  p.  262. 
DIPTATTVE.    A  term  in  alchemy.    See  Ash- 

mole's  Theat.  Chem,  Brit.  pp.  145,  320. 
DIRD.     Thread.     Somerset. 
L IRDAM.    A  great  noise,  or  uproar.    North. 


"  An  horrible  dirdam  they  made,"  Clarke's 
Phraseologia,  1655,  p.  170. 

DIRE  MPT.  To  divide.  Dirempted,  Holinshed, 
Cong.  Ireland,  p.  52. 

DIRGE- ALE.    A  funeral  wake. 

DIRIGE.  A  solemn  hymn  in  the  Romish  church, 
commencing  Dirige  gressus  meos.  It  was  part 
of  the  burial  service. 

DIRITY.    Direness.     (Lat.) 

DIRK.     To  darken.     Palsgrave. 

DIRKE.     To  hurt ;  to  spoil.     Spenser. 

DIRL.  (1)  A  thrill  of  pain.  North.  Also,  to 
give  a  slight  tremble. 

(2)  To  move  quickly.  YorJcsh.  Hence  dirler, 
an  active  person. 

DIRSH.     A  thrush.     Somerset. 

DIRSTELIE.     Boldly.     Ferstegan. 

DIRT.     Rain.     North. 

DIRT-BIRD.    The  woodpecker.    North. 

DIRTEN.    Made  of  dirt.     West. 

DIRT- WEED.     Chenopodium  mride,  Lin. 

DIRUTER.    A  destroyer.    (Lett.} 

DIS.     This.     Percy. 

DISABLE.  To  degrade,  or  disparage.  Also 
an  adjective,  unable. 

DISACCUSTOMED.     Unaccustomed. 

DISACTLY.    Exactly.    Lane. 

DISADMONISH.    To  dissuade.    Howell 

DISAFFIRM.    To  deny ;  to  refuse. 

DISALOWE.    To  disapprove.     (A.-N.) 

DIS  ANCHOR.    To  weigh  anchor. 

DISANNUL.  To  injure ;  to  incommode ;  to 
contradict ;  to  controvert ;  to  dispossess ;  to 
remove.  Var.  dial. 

DISAPPOINTED.    Unarmed.    Shak. 

DISAR.  An  actor.  See  Collier,  I  50.  Gene- 
rally speaking,  the  clown ;  and  hence  any  fool 
was  so  called.  Sometimes  spelt  disard,  dis- 
sarde,  (lizard,  &c.  "  A  dizzard  or  common 
vice  and  jester  counterfeiting  the  gestures  of 
any  man,  and  moving  his  body  as  him  list," 
Nomenclator,  p.  529.  Cf.  Welde's  Janua 
Linguarum,  1615,  p.  77. 

DISARRAY.    Disorder.    (A.-N.} 

DISASSENT.    Dissent.    Hall. 

DISAVAIL.  To  prejudice  any  one,  so  as  to 
hinder  his  rising  in  the  world. 

DISAVAUNCE.    To  drive  back.     U.-N.} 

DISAVENTURE.     Misfortune.     (A-M) 

DISBEAUTIFY.    To  deface  anything. 

DISBLAME.    To  clear  from  blame.    (A.N.) 

DISBURST.     To  disburse.     Var.  dial 

DISCANDY.    To  dissolve.    Sto*. 

DISCARD.  In  card-playing,  to  put  one  or 
more  cards  out  of  the  pack. 

DISCASE.    To  strip;  to  undress 

DISCEITE.    Deceit;  falsehood.    Chaucer. 

DISCEIVABLE.    Deceitful.     U..N.} 

DISCERT.    Desert.    Langtoft,  p.  316. 

DISCEV&R.    To  discover.    (Jawavne. 

DISCEYVANCE.    Deceit.    (^.-M) 

DISCHAITE.    Ambush.    (A.-N.} 

DISCHARE.    Skelton's  Works,  ii.  406 

DISCHENELY.     Secretly.     (A.-N.) 

DISCIPLE.    To  exercise  wi%discipline, 


DIS 


305 


DIS 


DISCIPLINE.   A  term  used  by  the  Puritans  for 

church  reformation. 

DISCLAIM-IN.     To  disclaim.    Anc.  Dram. 
DISCLOSE.     To  hatch.    Disclosing  is  when  the 
young  birds  just  peep  through  the  shells, 
See  Gent.  Rec.  ii.  62  ;  Holinshed,  Conq.  Ire- 
land, p.  21;  Hamlet,  v.  1. 
DISCOLOURED.     Variously  coloured. 
DISCOMFITURE.    Defeat."    (A.-N.) 
DISCOMFORT.     Displeasure.     (A.-N.) 
DISCOMFORTEN.    To  discourage.     (A.-N.) 
DISCOMFRONTLE.      To  ruffle,   or   displease 

one.    East.     See  Forby.  i.  94. 
DISCONFITE.     Discomfited.     Hearne. 
DISCONTENT.    A  malcontent.    Shaft. 
DISCONVEMENCE.     Misfortune.     (A.-N.) 
DISCORDABLE.     Disagreeing ;  different. 
DISCORDE.    To  disagree.     (A.-N.} 

Rayse  nojte  jour  herte  to  hye  bicause  of  jour 
prowesche  and  jour  doghty  dedis,  so  that  jeforgote 
5our  laste  ende,  for  ofte  tymes  we  see  that  the  lat- 
tere  end  of  a  mane  discordes  with  the  firste. 

MS.  Lincoln  A.  i   17,  f.  19. 
DISCOURSE.  (1)  To  run  about.     (Lat.) 
(2)  Reason.      It  sometimes   seems   to  have  a 

slightly  different  meaning. 
DISCOVER.     To  uncover ;  to  undress.  (A.-N.) 
DISCOVERTE.    Uncovered.     (A.-N.) 
DISCRESEN.     To  decrease.     (A.-N.*) 
DISCRIVEN.    To  describe;  to  publish.  (A.-N.) 
DISCRYGHE.     To  descry ;  to  understand. 
DISCURE.     To  discover ;  to  open ;  to  unveil. 
Also,  to  betray  any  one. 

Contemplacioun  of  the  Deite, 

Whiche  noon  erthely  langage  may  discure. 

MS.  HarL  3860. 
Whanne  hire  bemis  ben  oplnly  discurld. 

Lydgate,  MS.  Soc.  Antiq.  134,  f,  7, 

DISGUST.    Determined.    Drayton.     Spenser 

uses  it  in  the  sense  of  shaken  off. 
DISDEINOUS.    Disdainful.     (A.-N.) 
DISE.    To  put  tow  or  flax  on  a  distaff.    Pals- 
grave has  dysyn. 
DISEASE.    To  disturb  ;  to  trouble;  to  annoy. 

Also,  uneasiness,  discontent. 
DISEDGED.     Satiated.     Shaft. 
DISEMBOGUE.    To  flow  out.    (A.-N.) 
DISENCRESE.     Diminution.     Also  a  verb,  to 

decrease  or  diminish.     (A.-N.} 
DISENDID.    Descended.     Chaucer. 
DISERT.    Eloquent.     (Lat.)     The  term  occurs 
inFoxe's  epitaph,  ap.  Lupton's  History,  1637. 
DISESPERANCE.    Despair.     (A.-N.) 
DISFETIRLY.     Deformedly.     (A.-N.) 
DISFIGURE.  (1)  Deformity.     (A.^N.) 
(2)  To  carve  a  peacock.      See  the  Booke  of 

Hunting,  1586,181. 

DISGEST.     To  digest.      Var.   dial     A  very 
common  form  in  early  writers.    Disgesture, 
digestion,  Halle's  Expostulation,  p.  21. 
DISGISENESSE.    Disguise.     Chaucer. 
DISGRADE.    To  degrade.      See  Hall,  Henry 
VII.  f.  50  ;  Death  of  Rob.  Huntington,  p.  27. 
DISGRATIOUS.    Degraded.     (Lat.) 
DISGREE.    To  disagree.    Palsgrave* 
DISGRUNTLED.    Discomposed.     Glouc. 
DISGUISE.    To  dress  up,  or  deck  out,  in  ge- 


neral fantastically.     Hence  disguising,  a  kind 

of  mumming  or  dramatic  representation. 
DISH.  (1)  A  cupful,  as  of  tea,  &c. 
(2)  To  make  hollow  or  thin,  a  term  used  by 

wheelrights  and  coopers. 
DISH  ABIT.      To  remove  from  its  habitation. 

Dishalitecl,  uninhabited.     Nares. 
DISHAUNT.     To  leave;  to  quit. 
UISHBILLE.     Disorder ;  distress.    Kent.    No 

doubt  from  the  French  deshabille. 
DISH-CRADLE.     A  rack  of  wood  used  for 

drying  dishes  in.    North. 
DISHED.     Overcome ;  ruined.     Var.  dial 
DISHEL.    A  compound  of  eggs,  grated  bread, 

saffron  and  sage,  boiled  together. 
DISHELE.     Misfortune ;  unhappiness.  (A.-N.) 
O  my  wanhope  and  my  triste  ! 
O  my  disfiele  and  alle  my  liste  ! 

Gotoer,  MS.  Soc.  Antiq   134,  f.  86. 

DISHER.      A    maker    of    bowls    or   dishes, 

Dyssheres,  Piers  Ploughman,  p.  96. 
DISHERIT.     To  disinherit.     (A.-N.) 
DISHERITESON.    Disinheritance.    (A.-N.) 
DISH-FACED.     Hollow  faced.    North. 
DISH-MEAT.     Spoon-meat.     Kent. 
DISHONEST.     To  detract ;  to  vilify. 
DISHONORATE.    Dishonourable. 
DISHWASHER.  (1)  The  water-wagtail. 
(2)  A  scullery  maid.     Harrison,  p.  238. 
DISIGE.    Foolish.     Verstegan. 
DISJECTED.     Scattered.    (Lat.) 
DISJOINT.    A  difficult  situation.    (A.-N.) 
DISKERE.     See  Discurc. 
DISLEAL.    Disloyal.    Spenser. 
DISLIKE.    To  displease,    Also,  to  disagree. 

applied  to  articles  of  food. 
DISLIMN.    To  obliterate.    Shaft. 
DISLODGE.    To  move  or  start  any  animal.   An 

old  hunting  term. 

DISLOIGNED.  Withdrawn ;  secluded.  (A.-N.) 
DISLOYAL.    Unchaste.     Chapman. 
DISMALS.    Melancholy  feelings.     Var.  dial. 
DISME.    The  tax  of  a  tenth.   Shakespeare  uses 

dismes  for  tens,  in  Tr.  and  Cress,  ii.  2. 
DISMEMBER.     To  carve  a  heron.     See  the 

Booke  of  Hunting,  1586,  f.  81. 
DISMEMBRE.     To  vilify.     (A.-N.} 
DISMOLLISH.     To  demolish.     West. 
DISNATURED.    Unnatural.    Daniel 
DISOBEISANT.     Disobedient.     (A.~N.) 
DISOBLIGE.    To  stain  or  dirty,    East. 
DISORDEINED.    Disorderly,     (A.-N.) 
DISORDINATE.     Disorderly.     (Lat.) 
DISORDINAUNCE.    Irregularity.     (A.-N.) 
DISOUR.  (1)  A  player  at  dice.     (A.-N.) 
(2)  A  teller  of  tales.     (A.-N.)    An  important 

person  in  the  old  baronial  hall. 
DISPACARLED.     Scattered.    « Dispersed  aad 

dispacarled,"  Two  Lane.  Lovers,  1640,  p.  57. 
DISPAR.  (1)  Unequal.     (Lat.) 
(2)  A  commons  or  share.    North. 
DISPARAGE.  (1)  To  disable.    (A.-N.) 
(2)  A  disparagement.    (A.-N.) 

And  that  hy  t  were  a  grete  dysperage 
To  the  and  all  thy  baronage. 

MS.  Cantab.  Ff,  it.  38,  t  1?4~» 

20 


PIS 


306 


DIS 


DISPARENT.    Variegated.     (Lat.) 

DISP  ARKLE.    To  scatter  ;  to  disperse.     Dis- 
percled,  Hall,  Edward  IV.  f.  19. 

DISPARLID.    Beaten  down;  destroyed. 

DISPARPLE.    To  disperse.     Lydgate. 

DISPART,  (i)  To  divide  ;  to  separate. 

(2)  The  peg  or  pin  set  upon  the  mouth  of  a 
piece  by  which  the  level  was  taken. 

DISPARTELYN.    To  disperse.     Pr.  Parv. 

DISPEED.     To  dispatch.     Lister. 

D1SPENCE.     Expence;  the  necessaries  of  life, 
(^.-Ar.)     Dispencis,  MS.  Lansd.  762. 

DISPENDE.    To  expend  ;  to  waste. 

DISPENDERE.     A  steward.    (Lat.} 

DISPENDIOUS.     Sumptuous;  costly.    (Lat.} 

DISPERAUNCE.    Despair.     (A.-N.) 

DISPEYRID.     In  despair. 

He  caujte  comforte  and  consolacioun 
Of  alle  that  ever  he  was  afore  di-pet/dd. 

Li/dffate,  MS.  Soc.  4ntiq.  134,  f.  5. 

DISPITE.    To  grumble;  to  be  angry;  to  be 

spiteful  ;  to  defy.     (A.-N.) 
DISPITOUS.    Angry  to  excess.    (A.-N.) 
DISPLE.    To  discipline  ;  to  chastise. 
DISPLEASANT.     Unpleasant;  offensive. 
DISPLESAUNS.    Displeasure.     (A.-N.) 


Ther  mowthis  to  pleyne  ther 

MS.  Cantab.  Ff.  i.  G,  f.  45. 
DISPLESURE.    To  displease.    (A.-N.) 
DISPOIL.    To  undress.    (A.-N.) 
DISPOINT.    To  disappoint.     (A.-N,) 
DISPONE.    To  dispose.    (Lat.) 
DISPORT.  (1)  To  divert.    (A.-N.) 
(2)  Sport  ;  diversion.     (A.-N.) 
DISPOSE.  Disposal  ;  disposition  ;  arrangement. 

Shak. 

DISPOSED.     Inclined  to  mirth  and  jesting. 

Sometimes,  wantonly  merry.     See  Nares,  and 

the  examples  quoted  by  him.    "  Wend  thee 

from  mee,  Venus,  I  am  not  disposed,"  Shep- 

herd's Song  of  Venus  and  Adonis,  1600. 

DISPOSITION.    Disposal.     Chaucer. 

DISPOURVEYED.     Unprovided.     (A.-N.) 

DISPREDDEN.   To  spread  around.  See  PhiUis 

and  Flora,  Lond.  1598. 

For  he  hire  kirtille  fonde  also, 
And  eekhire  mantelle  bothe  two, 
Dispred  Upon  the  bed  alofte. 

Gotoer,  MS.  Sac.  Antiq.  134,  f.  171. 

DISPREISE.    To  undervalue.     (A.-N.) 
DISPUNG®.    To  sprinkle.    ShaL 
DISPUNISHABLE.     Not  capable  of  punish" 

raent.     See  Stanihurst's  Descr.  p.  26. 
DISPUTESOUN.    A  dispute,  or  disputation. 

(A.-N.)     See  Langtoft's  Chron.  p.  300. 
DISQUIET.    To  disturb  ;  to  trouble. 
DISRANK.     To  degrade  ;  to  put  out  of  rank  or 

order.     (A.-X.) 
DISRAY.     Clamour.     (A.-N.)    Also,  to  fight 

irregularly,  to  put  out  of  order. 
DISRULILY.    Irregularly.     Chaucer. 
DISSAE.    A  scoffer  ;  a  fool. 
DIS  SEAT.    To  unseat  ;  to  remove. 
DISSEILE.    To  deceive.     (A.-N.) 
DISSEMBLABLE.    Unlike;  dissimilar. 
DISSEMBLANCE.    Dissembling.     (Fr.) 


DISSENT.     Descent.     Lydgate 
DISSENTIENT.    Disagreeing.     (Lat.) 
DISSENTORI.     A  kind  of  still.     (Lat.) 
DISSEYVAUNT.    Deceitful.    (A.-N.) 
DISSHROWED.      Made  open,    or  manifest; 

published.     Sec  Stanihurst's  Descr.  p,  15. 
DISSIMULARY.     To  dissimulate.     Hall. 
DISSIMULE.    To  dissemble.     (A.-N.) 
DISSJMULER.    A  dissembler.     (A.-N.) 
D1SSIMULINGS.     Disserablings.     Chaucer. 
DISSNINS.      A   distance  in  horseracing,  the 

eighth  part  of  a  mile. 

DISSOLVE.    To  solve ;  to  explain.    (Lat.) 
DISSONED.    Dissonant.     (A.-N.) 
DISSURY.     The  strangury.     Tmser. 
DISTAFF.     St.  Distaff's  day,  a  name  jocularly 

given  to  the  day  after  Twelfth  Day.    Also 

called  Rock-day. 
DISTAINE.    To  discolour;  to  stain;  to  take 

away  the  colour.     (A.-N.)     Sometimes,  to 

caliD,  still,  or  pacify,  from  destaindre. 
Ye  washe  cleyne  fro  mole  and  spottos  blake, 
That  wyne  nor  oyle  nor  yit  none  inke  distycne. 

MS.  Cantab.  Ff.  i.  6,  f.  141. 

DISTANCE.  Discord;  debate;  dissension; 
disturbance.  "  Withoutyn  ony  dystaunce," 
MS.  Harl.  3954. 

For  after  mete,  without  dlstam, 

The  cockwoldes  schuld  together  danse. 

MS.  Ashmole  61,  f .  01. 
He  preyeth  yow  that  ye  wylle  cese, 
And  let  owre  londys  be  in  pees 
"Wythowtyn  any  dystawnce. 

MS.  Cantab,  Ff.  ii.  33,  f.  78. 

DISTASTE.    An  insult.    Jonson.    Also  a  verb, 

to  displease,  to  insult. 
DISTEMPERATE.     Immoderate.     Hence  dis- 

temperature,  disorder,  sickness. 
DISTEMPERED.     Intoxicated.     ShaA. 
DISTEMPRE.  To  moisten ;  to  mingle.  (A.-N.) 
DISTENCE.    The  descent  of  a  hill.  (A.-N.) 
DISTINCT.    To  distinguish.    (Lat.) 
DISTINCTIONS.     Commas.    (Fr.) 
DISTINGUE.    To  distinguish ;  to  divide. 
DISTOR.    Distress.     North. 
DISTOURBLED.    Disturbed.    (A.-N.) 
DISTRACT.    Distracted.    ShaL 
DISTRACTIONS.    Detachments;  parts  taken 

from  the  main  body.     ShaL 
DISTRAIN.    To  strain  anything  ;  to  catch  ;  to 

hold  fast ;  to  afflict,  or  torment. 
DISTRAUGHT.    Distracted.     (A.-N.) 
DISTRAYENG.    Distraction.     (.4,-N.) 
DISTREITEJ.     Strait;  difficulty.     (A.-'fi.) 
DISTRENE.  To  constrain ;  to  enforce.  (A.«N.) 
DISTRET.    A 'superior  officer  of  a  monastery. 

(A.-N.) 

DISTRICATE.    To  disentangle.     (Lat.) 
DISTRIB.     To  destroy.     (A,-N.) 

Hors  and  man  felle  downe  withoute  dowte, 
And  sone  he  was  dystryed. 

MS.  Cantab.  Ff.  5i.  38,  f.  /6. 
DISTROBELAR.      One    who    disturbs.     Pr. 

Parv. 
DISTROXJBE.    To  disturb ;  to  trouble.  (A.-N.) 


DIY 


307 


DOC 


DISTROUBLE.  To  disturb.  (A.-N.)  It  occurs 
as  a  substantive  in  Palsgrave. 

For  another  also  thou  naayst  beshent, 
3yf  thou  tiqateoblyst  here  testament. 

MS.  Harl.  1701,  f.  8. 

DISTRUSS.    To  oversow;  to  conquer.    (Fr.) 
DISTURB.     A  disturbance.     Daniel 
DISTURBLE.    To  disturb.     Wickdiffe. 
DISTURBULYNG.    Dispute,  or  disturbance. 
The  Jewes  saw  that  ilke  thyng, 
Anon  thai  were  In  distur'butyng. 

MS.  Cantab.  Ff.  v.  48,  f.  34. 
D1STURNE.    To  turn  aside.     (A.-N.} 
DISUSED.     Out  of  practice.  Line. 
DISVEIL.    To  unveil ;  to  open.    Palsgrave. 
DISVOUCH.     To  contradict ;  to  discredit. 
DISWERE.    Doubt.     (A.-S.)    "Without  dis- 

were,"  Boke  of  Curtasye,  p,  19. 
DISWITTED.    Distracted.     Drayton,p.  173. 
DISWORSHIP.    Discredit.    Philpot. 
DIT.    To  close ;  to  stop  up.    (A.-S.}    Still  used 
in  the  North,     Sometimes  the  pa,  past. 
And  yn  the  middes  a  grete  pytte, 
That  al  the  worlde  myghte  hit  not  ditte. 

Purgatory  Legend,  MS.  Rawl. 
DITCH,  (1)  Grimy  dirt.    Also,  to  stick  to,  as 
anything' that  is  clammy.     North. 

(2)  A  fence,  not  the  drain.     North. 

(3)  To  make  a  ditch  or  moat.     Sometimes,  to 
clean  or  fey  a  ditch. 

DITCH-BACK.    A  fence.     North. 

DITE.  (1)  To  winnow.     Chapman. 

(2)  To  dictate ;  to  write.     (4.-N.) 

DITEMENT.    An  indictment.    (A.-N.) 

DITES.    Sayings ;  ditties.    (A.-NJ 

DITHER.  To  shake ;  to  tremble ;  to  confuse. 
Also,  a  confused  noise,  a  bother. 

DITHING.  A  trembling  or  vibratory  motion  of 
the  eye.  Chesh. 

DITING.  (1)  Whispering.    North. 

(2)  A  report,  or  saying.     (A.~N.} 

DITLESS.  A  portable  wooden  stopper  for  the 
mouth  of  an  oven. 

DITOUR.    A  tale-teller.    (A.-N.) 

DITT.    A  ditty,     Spenser. 

DITTED.    Dirtied ;  begrimed.    Line. 

DITTEN.  Mortar  or  clay  to  stop  up  an  oven. 
Dittin,  Yorksh.  Dial.  1697. 

D1TTER.    The  game  of  Touch  and  Run. 

DIURNAL-WOMEN.  Women  who  cried  the 
daily  papers  about  the  streets. 

DIV.    Do.     North. 

DIVE-DAPPER.  The  dobchick,  or  didapper. 
"  Some  folkys  cal  her  a  dyvedopper  or  a  dop- 
pechyk,"  Dial.  Great.  Moral,  p.  159.  Some- 
times called  the  dyvendop. 

DIVE  LIN.    Dublin.     West. 

DIVERB.    A  proverb.    (Lot.) 

DIVEROUS.    Wayward.     (A.-N.) 

DIVERSE.    Different.    Also,  to  diversity. 

DIVERSORY.    An  inn.     (Lett.} 

DIVERT.    To  turn  aside.    (Lat.) 

DIVEST.    To  undress.    (A.-N.) 

DIVET.    A  turf  or  sod.    North. 

DIVIDABLE.    Divided;  distant    Shak. 

DIVIDANT.    Divisible,    Shah. 


DIVIDE.  To  make  divisions  in  music,  which 
is,  the  running  a  simple  strain  into  a  great 
variety  of  shorter  notes  to  the  same  modu- 
lation. Nares. 

DIVILIN.    A  brick-kiln.    Lino. 

DIVINACLE.    A  riddle.    Phillips. 

DIVINE.    Divinity.    Chaucer. 

DIVINISTRE.    A  divine.    (A.-N.) 

DIVIS.    Device.     (A.-N.) 

DIVISE.    To  divide ;  to  separate. 

Clenlyche  fro  the  croune  his  corse  he  dywjsyde. 

Morte  Arthur^  MS.  Line/tin,  f.  68. 

DIVULGATE.    To  divulge.    See  Arch.  xxii. 

254.     Devulgacion,  Hall,  Henry  VII.  f.  31. 
DIVVENT.    Do  not.     Cnrnb. 
DIWY-DUCK.    A  dobchick.     West. 
DIZARD.     See  Disar. 
DIZE.    See  Dise. 
DIZEN.    To  dress ;  to  adorn ;  to  be  conceited 

or  pompous.     North. 
DIZZARDLY.    Foolish ;  stupid. 
DI3T.    To  pronounce ;  to  make.     Gawayne. 
DO.  (1)  Though ;  then.    Kent. 

(2)  To  cause.    I  do  ma&e,  i.  e.  I  cause  to  make, 
or  to  be  made ;  /  do  one  to  understand,  &c. 
Metaphorically,  to  fight. 

(3)  The  part.  past,  for  don. 

(4)  To  do  one  right,  or  reason,  to  pledge  a  per- 
son  in  drinking.    SJiak. 

(5)  To  do  for>  to  take  care  of,  to  provide  for; 
to  do  for  one,  to  ruin  him ;  to  do  to  deatht  to 
do  to  die,  to  kill  or  slay ;  to  do  to  know,  to  in- 
form, &c. 

(6)  Deed ;  action ;  contest. 

(7)  To  put ;  to  place.    As  do  on,  do  in,  &c.  still 
in  provincial  use. 

(8)  A  fete ;  an  entertainment. 
DOAGE.    Rather  damp.     Lane. 
DOALD.    Fatigued.     Craven. 
DOAN.    Wet,  damp  bread.    Beoon. 
DOAND.    Doing.     (A.-S.) 

DOATED.  Beginning  to  decay,  chiefly  applied 
to  old  trees.  East. 

DOATTEE.  To  nod  the  head  when  sleep  come* 
on,  whilst  one  is  sitting  up,  Exm. 

DOBBIN.  (1)  An  old  jaded  horse. 

(2)  Sea  gravel  mixed  with  sand.    East  Sussex. 

DOBBLE.    To  daub.    East. 

DOBBY.  A  fool;  a  silly  old  man.  Also,  a 
kind  of  spirit.  North.  The  (lobbies  seem  to 
be  similar  to  the  Scottish  Brownies.  They  are 
well  described  by  Washington  Irving  in  his 
Bracebridge  Half,  ed.  1822,  ii.  183-6. 

DOBE.    To  dub  a  knight.    (A.-S.) 

DOBELLET.  A  doublet.  Plumpt.  Corr,  p.  13d. 

DOBELYNE.    To  double.    Pr.Parv. 

DOBIL.    Double.     Chaucer. 

DOBY.    To  strike;  to  beat.    (^.-JV.) 

DOCCY.  A  doxy,  or  whore.  "  No  man  playe 
doccy,"  Hycke  Scorner,  n.  d. 

DOCIBLE.    Tractable;  docile.    North. 

DOCILISIST.    Most  docile.    East. 

DOCITY.    Pocility ;  quickness.     Glouc. 

DOCK.  (1)  Futuo.  DeJcker.  "Docking  th« 
dell,"  a  very  common  phrase. 


DOB 


308 


DOG 


(2)  The  fleshy  part  of  a  boar's  chine,  hetween 
the  middle  and  the  huttock ;  the  stump  of  a 
"beast's  tail ;  the  broad  nether  end  of  a  felled 
tree,  or  of  the  human  body. 

(3)  To  cut  off.     Var.  dial. 

(4)  The  common  mallow,     far.  dial 

(5)  The  crupper  of  a  saddle.     Devon. 

(6)  If  a  person  is  stung  with  a  nettle,  a  cer- 
tain cure  is  said  to  be  performed  by  rub- 
bing dock  leaves  over  the  affected  part,  re- 
peating the  following  charm  very  slowly — 
"  Nettle  in,  dock  out,  dock  rub  nettle  out/' 
In  Cheshire,  according  to  Wilbraham,  in  dock 
out  nettle  is  a  land  of  proverbial  saying  ex- 
pressive of  inconstancy.     Hence  may  be  ex- 
plained the  passages  in  Chaucer,  Troil.  and 
Creseide,  iv.  461 ;  Test,  of  Love,  p.  482. 
There  was  a  small  stinging  red  nettle  called 
the  dock-nettle,  as  appears  from  MS.  Harl. 
978,  the  A.  N.  name  being  or  fie  griesche. 
Uncertaine  certaine,  never  loves  to  settle, 

But  heere,  there,  everywhere ;  in  dock>  out  nettle, 

Taylors  Motto,  1622. 
DOCKAN.    The  dock.    North. 
DOCKERER.    Fur  made  of  the  skin  of  the 

dossus,  or  weasel,  the  petit gris. 
DOCKET.  (1)  A  shred  or  piece.    (A.-S.) 
(2)  A  woodman's  bill.     Oxon. 
DOCKET.    A  meal  taken  about  ten  o'clock 

A.M.  by  field  labourers.    East. 
DOCKSPITTER.    A  tool  for  pulling  or  cutting 

up  docks.     Dorset. 
BOCKSY.    The  fundament.    East. 
DOCTOR.    An  apothecary.    Doctor  of  skill,  a 

physician.     Doctor's  stuff,  medicine.     Far. 

dial 

DOCTORATE-    Doctorship.     Thynne,  p.  22. 
DOCTRINE.    To  teach.     (A.-N.}    The  Puri- 
tans in  their  sermons  used  to  call  the  subject 

under  explanation  the  doctrine. 
DOCUMENTIZE.    To  preach ;  to  moralise. 
DOD.  (1)  The  fox-tail  reed.      North. 
(2)  To  cut  the  wool  off  sheep's  tails  ;  to  lop  or 

cut  off  anything.    Dodded,   without  horns. 

Dodded  corn,  corn  without  beards. 
f3)  A  shell.    Suffolk. 
(4)  A  rag  of  cloth.     Cumb. 
DODDART.    A  bent  stick  used  in  the  game 

called  doddart,  which  is  played  in  a  large  level 

field  by  two  parties  headed  by  two  captains, 

and  having  for  its  object  to  drive  a  wooden 

ball  to  one  of  two  boundaries. 
DODDER.    To  shake,  or  tremble.     Doddered, 

confused,  shattered,  infirm.    North. 
DODDEREL.    A  pollard.     Warw. 
DODDERING-DICKIES.  The  quivering  heads 

of  the  briza,  or  quaking  grass.     North. 
DODDINGS.     The  fore-parts  of  a  fleece  of 

wool.     Norfh. 

DODDLE.     To  totter ;  to  dawdle.     North. 
DODDLEISH.     Feeble,     bussex. 
BODDY.    Little ;  small.     Doddi/mite,  very  low 

iii  stature.     East. 
DODDYPATE.     A  blockhead.     "  And  called 

hym  dodypate,"  Boke  of  Mayd  Emlyn. 
MODELING,     Idling ;  trifling.     Devon. 


DODGE.  (1)  A  small  lump  of  anything  moist 
and  thick.  East. 

(2)  To  jog;  to  incite.     North. 

(3)  To  follow  in  the  track  of  a  person  or  animal. 
Yar.  dial. 

(4)  To  have  the  dodge,  to  be  cheated,  to  give 
one  the  slip.     To  dodge,  to  try  to  cheat  one, 
to  haggle  in  a  bargain. 

(5)  A  cunning  trick.     Var.  dial 

(6)  A  dog.     Alleyn  Papers,  p.  32. 

(7)  To  drag  on  very  slowly.     North. 

(8)  A  squirrel's  nest.     Sout7i. 
DODGER.  (1)  A  night-cap.     Kent. 
(2)  A  miser.     Howell 

DODIPOLL.  A  blockhead.  "  As  learned  as 
Doctor  Doddipoll,"  Howell,  p.  17.  "A  lo- 
zell,  hoydon,  dunce,  jobbernoll,  doddipole" 
Cotgrave.  Perhaps  derived  from  dottypolea, 
a  nick-name  for  the  shaven-crowned  priests. 

DODKIN.  A  very  small  coin,  the  eighth  part 
of  a  stiver.  "  The  stiching  cost  me  but  a 

x  dodtiin,  Weelkes'  Ayres,  Lond.  1608.  It  was 
prohibited  by  Henry  V. 

DODMAN.  A  snail.  Norfolk.  Also,  a  snail- 
shell.  "  A  sely  dodman  crepe,"  Bale's  Kynge 
Johan,  p.  7.  "  A  snayl  or  dodman,"  Fairfax's 
Bulk  and  Selvedge,  1674,  p.  125. 

DODO.     A  lullaby.     Minsheu. 

DODUR.     Castula,  a  kind  of  flax. 

DODY.     George.    North. 

DOE.    To  live  on  little  food.     Chesh. 

DOELE.  Dole;  grief;  sorrow.  (^.-JV.) 
So  grete  sorow  the  quene  than  wrought, 
Crete  doele  it  was  to  se  and  lythe. 

MS.  Harl.  2252,  f.  98. 

DOELFULLIE.     Dolefully;  grievously. 

DOER.  An  agent ;  a  manager ;  a  factor.  East. 
See  Burgon's  Gresham,  ii.  44. 

DOERBODY.    The  body  of  a  frock. 

DOES.  It  does  not,  i.  e.  it  has  lost  its  force 
and  virtue.  North, 

DOFF.  (1)  To  do  off;  to  undress.  Var.  dial 
Also,  to  remove,  to  get  rid  off,  to  put  off  or 
delay. 

(2)  Dough  for  bread.     North. 

DOFTYR.     Daughter.     Ritson. 

DOG.  (1)  A  toaster  of  wood  or  iron  made  in  the 
form  of  a  dog.  North. 

(2)  A  large  band  of  iron,  used  for  fastening  the 
walls  outside  old  houses,  supporting  wood,  &c. 

(3)  A  small  pitcher.     Craven. 

(4)  See  Andirons. 

(5)  If  I  do,  dog  worry  my  uncle,  a  phrase  im- 
plying refusal  on  being  asked  to  do  anything 
contrary  to  one's  wishes. 

(6)  A  dogge  for  the  bowe,  a  dog  used  in  shoot- 
ing.    Chaucer. 

(7)  To  follow  or  dodge  one. 

DOG-APE.    The  dog-faced  baboon,  a  species 

first  described  by  Gesner,  1551. 
DOG-BEE.    A  drone,  or  male  bee. 
DOG-BOLT.    A  term  of  reproach.     "  Manes 

that  dog-bolt,"  Lilly,  ed.  1632,  Sig.  G.  is. 

Dog-louse  is  still  heard  in  Craven  in  a  similar 

sense.     Carr,  i.  112. 
DOGCHEAP.    Excessively  cheap.    "  They  af- 


JJUJU 


forded  their  wares  so  dog-cheape"  Slanihurst, 
p.  22.  Still  in  use. 

DOGCOLE.     The  herb  dogbane.    Palsgrave. 

DOG-DAISY.     The  field  daisy.     North. 

DOG-DRAVE.  A  kind  of  sea-fish,  often  men- 
tioned in.  the  Finchale  Charters. 

DOG-FENNEL.    The  corn  camomile.   Warw. 

DOGFLAWS.     Gusts  of  rage.    Dyce. 

DOGGED.  Very ;  excessive.  Var.  dial.  Dog- 
ged-way, a  great  way,  excessive. 

DOGGEDLY.     Badly  done.     Norf. 

DOGGENEL.    An  eagle.     Cumb. 

DOGGER.     A  small  fishing  ship. 

DOG-HANGING.  A  wedding  feast,  where 
money  was  collected  for  the  bride. 

DOG-HOLE.  A  small  insignificant  town,  very 
insecurely  fortified. 

DOGHOOKS.  Strong  hooks  or  wrenches  used 
for  separating  iron  boring  rods. 

DOGHT.     Thought.     (A.-S.) 

DOGHY.     Dark ;  cloudy ;  reserved.     Chesh. 

DOG-KILLER.  A  person  who  killed  dogs 
found  loose  in  the  hot  months. 

DO-GLADLY.    Eat  heartily.    Ritson. 

DOG-LATIN.  Barbarous  Latin,  as  verte  canem 
ex,  when  addressing  a  dog  in  his  own  lan- 
guage, &c. 

DOG-LEACH.  A  dog  doctor.  Often  used  as 
a  term  of  contempt. 

DOG-LOPE.  A  narrow  slip  of  ground  between 
two  houses,  the  right  to  which  is  questionable. 
North. 

DOGNOPER.     The  parish  beadle.     Yorfoh. 

DOGONE.    A  term  of  contempt.    (^.-N.) 

DOGS.    The  dew.    Essex. 

DOGS-EARS.  The  twisted  or  crumpled  cor- 
ners of  leaves  of  a  book. 

DOG'S-GRASS.    The  cynosurus  cristatus,  Lin. 

DOG'S-HEAD.  Some  kind  of  bird  mentioned 
by  Florio,  in  v.  Egocephdlo. 

BOG'S-NOSE.  A  cordial  used  in  low  life, 
composed  of  warm  porter,  moist  sugar,  gin, 
and  nutmeg. 

DOG'S-STONES.     Gilt  buttons.     North. 

DOG'S-TAIL.  The  constellation  generally 
known  as  ursa  minor. 

DOG-STANDARD.     Ragwort,     North. 

DOGSTURDS.     Candied  sweetmeats.  Newc. 

DOG-TREE.    The  alder.     North. 

DOG-TRICK.     A  fool's  bauble.     Deleter. 

DOGUISE.     To  disguise.     (A.-N.) 

DOG-WHIPPER.    A  church  beadle. 

DOIL.     Strange  nonsense.     West. 

DOINDE.    Doing ;  progressing.     ( 

DOIT.  A  small  Dutch  coin,  valued  at  about 
half  a  farthing- 

DOITED.     Superannuated.     Var.  dial. 

DOITKIN.     See  Bodkin. 

DOKE.  (1)  Any  small  hollow,  apparently  syno- 
nymous with  dalk,  q.  v.  "  Two  deep  doaks" 
Fairfax's  Bulk  and  Selvedge,  1674,  p.  130. 
A  deep  furrow  or  any  sudden  fall  in  ground, 
Kennett,  p.  22. 

(2)  A  bruise.    Essex. 

(3;  A  small  brook.    Jfissear. 


(4)  A  duck.     (A.-S.} 

The  gobe,  the  rfwfre,  the  cokkowe  also. 

JUS.  Cutttab.  Pf .  i.  6,  f.  31. 

DOKELING.     A  young  duck.     (A.-S.) 

DOKET.     Docked.     Pr.  Paw. 

D  0  LARD .     A  pollard .     Oaeon. 

DOLATE.    To  tolerate.    Line. 

DOLD.     Stupid ;  confused.     (^.-£)    A  person 

half  stupid  is  still  said  to  be  in  a  doldrum. 

Devon. 
DOLE.  (1)  A  lump  of  anything.     Line. 

(2)  A  share,  or  portion.   (^.-£)  Also,  to  set  out 
or  allot ;  to  divide.     Hence,  any  division  oi 
goods  or  property. 

(3)  Money,  bread,  &c.  distributed  to  the  poor. 
North. 

(4)  A  boundary  mark,  either  a  post  or  a  mound 
of  earth.    East.    Also,  a  balk  or  slip  of  un- 
ploughed  ground. 

(5)  Grief  5  sorrow.     (4.-N.)     Still  in  use  in  the 
North. 

(6)  A  piece  of  heath  or  common  off  which  only 
one  person  has  a  right  to  cut  fuel.     A'orf. 

(7)  The  bowels,  blood,  and  feet  of  a  deer,  which 
were  given  to  the  hounds  after  the  hunt. 
Blome,  ii.  87. 

(8 )  A  low  flat  place.     West. 

(9)  Happy  man  be  his  dole>  let  his  lot  be  happy, 
or  happy  be  he  who  succeeds  best.     See  R. 
Fletcher's  Poems,  1656,  p.  139. 

DOLE -AX.    A  tool  used  for  dividing  slats  for 

wattle  gates.    Kent.  Perhaps  connected  with 

bole-ax,  q.  v. 
DOLE-BEER.    Beer  distributed,  to  the  poor. 

Ben  Jonson. 
DOLEFISH.     Seems  to  be  that  fish  which  the 

fishermen  employed  in  the  North  Seas  receive 

for  their  allowance,    tf  fount. 
DOLEING.    Almsgiving.    Kent. 
DOLE-MEADOW.    A  meadow  in  which  seve- 
ral persons  have  shares. 
DOLEMOOR.     A  large  uninclosed  common. 

Somerset. 
DOLENT.     Sorrowful.     (A.-X.)      See   Hall, 

Henry  Till.  f.  23  ;  Ritson's  Met.  Rom.  iii.  212. 
DOLE- STONE.    A  landmark.     Kent. 
DOLEY.    Gloomy ;  solitary.    Nor  thumb.    Soft 

and  open,  muggy,  applied  to  the  \\eather; 

easy,  wanting  energy.    Line. 
DOLING.     A  fishing  boat  with  two  musts,  each 

carrying  a  sprit-sail.    E.  Suss. 
DOLIUM.    A  vessel  of  wine.     (Lat.)     «  A  do- 

Hum  of  wyne,"  Liber  Niger  Edw.  IV.  p.  20. 
DOLL.    A  child's- hand.    North. 
DOLLOP.  (1)  To  beat.     Var.  dial. 

(2)  A  lump  of  anything.    East. 

(3)  To  handle  anything  awkwardly ;  to  nurse 
too  much,  or  badly,     Var.  dial. 

DOLLOUR.     To  abate  in  violence,  as  the  wind 

does.    Kent. 
DOLLURS.    Bad  spirits.     /.  Wight.    This  is 

of  course  from  the  French.    Dolour  occurs  in 

Shakespeare. 

DOLLY.  (1 )  To  beat  linen.     West. 
(2)  A  prostitute,     borth. 


DON 


310 


DOO 


(3)  A  washing  tub ;  a  churn-staff.  Also,  awash- 
ing  beetle. 

(4)  A  passing  staff,  with  legs.     North. 

(5)  A  sloven.  -  Var.  dial. 

(6)  Sad ;  sorrowful.     Warw. 

DOLLYD.  Heated;  made  Inke-warm.  Pr.Parv. 

DOLLY-DO  UCET.    A  child's  doll.     Wore. 

DOLOUR.     Grief;  pain.     (A.-N.) 

DOLOURING.     A  mournful  noise.    Essex. 

DOLPHIN.     The  Dauphin  of  France. 

DOLVE.    Delved ;  digged.  Rob.  ^louc.  p.  395. 

DOLVEN.  Buried.  (^.-5.)  See  Maundevile, 
p.  62 ;  Arthour  and  Merlin,  p.  28  ;  Romaunt  of 
the  Hose,  4070. 

DOLVER.    Reclaimed  fen-ground.    East. 

DOLY.    Doleful ;  sorrowful.     Chaucer. 

DOM.  (1)  Dumb.     Towneley  Myst. 

(2)  A  door  case.     Wilts. 

DOMAGE.  Damage ;  hurt.  (A.-N.}  See  Hall, 
Henry  VIII.  f.  29 ;  Rom.  of  the  Rose,  4895. 

DOMAGEOUS.    Hurtful.     (4.-N.) 

DOMBE.    Dumb.     (A.-S.\ 

DOME.  (1)  Judgment  5  opinion.  (A.-S.}  At 
Ms  dome,  under  his  jurisdiction, 

(2 )  The  down  of  rabbits,  &c.    East. 

DOME-HOUSE.  The  judgment-hall-  Pr.Parv. 

DOMEL.     Stupid.     Glouc. 

DOMELOUS.  Wicked,  especially  applied  to  a 
known  betrayer  of  the  fair  sex.  Line. 

DOMESCART.    The  hangman's  cart.     (A.-S.) 

DOMESMAN.    A  judge.     (A..S.) 

Go  we  therfore  togedre  before  the  dredefull 
domesman,  there  for  to  here  01  re  everlastynge 
dampnacion.  MS.  Cantab.  Ff .  ii.  38,  f.  7- 

DOMGE.  An  image  ?  See  Brit.  Bibl.  ii.  108. 
Qu.  an  error  for  doinge. 

DOMINATIONS.  One  of  the  supposed  or- 
ders of  angelical  beings,  the  KvpLorqrsg. 

DOMINEER.    To  bluster.    Shak. 

DOMINO.  A  kind  of  hood  worn  by  canons ; 
and  hence  a  veil  formerly  worn  with  mourn- 
ing-, and  still  used  in  masquerades. 

DOMINOUN.    Dominion ;  lordship.     (A..N.} 

DOMME.    Dumb.     (A.-S.} 

DOMMEL.     A  drum.    North. 

DOMMELHEED.    The  female  verenda.  Cumb. 

DOMMERARS.  Beggars  who  pretended  to  be 
dumb.  They  were  chiefly  Welchmen. 

DOMP.    To  fall ;  to  tumble.    North. 

DON,  (1)  To  put  on ;  to  dress.     Var.  dial 
And  costly  vesture  was  in  hand  to  don. 

Tufbevlle's  Ovid,  1567,  f.  145. 

(2)  Done  ;  caused.     (A.-S.) 

(3)  Clever;  active.     North. 

(4)  A  gay  young  fellow.    Line. 

(5)  A  superior,  as  a  fellow  of  a  college,  one  who 
sets  himself  up  above  others.     Var.  dial 

DONCH.     Same  as  daunch,  q.  v. 

DONCY.    Dandyism.     North. 

DOND.    Dressed.     TTestmorel 

DONDEGO.  Or  Don  Diego,  a  person  who  made 
a  jakes  of  St.  Paul's  cathedral,  and  is  occa- 
sionally noticed  for  his  exploit  by  early  writers. 

BONDER.    Thunder.     (A.-S.) 

DONDINNER.     The  afternoon.     Yorksh. 


DOND  ON.    A  fat  gross  woman.     (Fr.) 
DONE.  (1)  Put ;  placed.     (A.-S.) 

(2)  To  do.     Fairfax.    Did.     West. 

(3)  Exhausted ;  worn  out ;  well  roasted  or  boiled, 
Var.  dial. 

1  Cease ;  be  quiet.     Far.  dial. 

)  A  down,  field,  or  plain.   (A.-S.)  "  Hii  come 

upon  a  done,"  JBeves,  p.  107. 

(6)  In  hunting,  a  deer  is  said  to  be  done  when 
he  dies.    Gent.  Rec.  ii.  78. 

(7)  To  din ;  to  sound.     (A.-S.) 
DONE-GROWING.     Stunted  in  growth.  East. 
DONERE.    To  fondle ;  to  caress.     (J.-N.) 
DONET.    A  grammar,  that  of  Donatus  being 

formerly  the  groundwork  of  most  treatises  on 
the  subject. 

DONE-UP.    Wearied ;  ruined.     Var.  dial. 
DONGE.     A  mattress.     Pr.  Parv. 
DONGENE.     Thrown.     (A.-S.) 

Whenne  he  had  so  done,  lie  turned  agayne  unto 
Tyre,  and  fande  the  bastelle  that  he  hade  made  in 
the  see  don  gene  doune  to  the  ground  e. 

MS.  Lincoln  A.  i.  17,  f.  5. 

DONGEON.     See  Dungeon. 

DONGESTEK.    A  dungfork.    Peest,  x. 

DONGON.  A  person  who  looks  stupid,  but  is 
really  witty  and  clever.  West. 

DONICK.     The  game  of  doddart,  q.  T. 

DONJON.     See  Dungeon. 

DONK.  Damp; moist;  humid.  North.  "  Down- 
kynge  of  dewe,"  moisture  of  dew,  Morte  Ar- 
thure,  MS.  Lincoln,  f.  87. 

DONKE.     To  think ;  to  thank     (A.-S.) 

DONKEY.     Same  as  donlc,  q.  v. 

DONKS.  At  hussel-cap,  he  who  knocks  out  all 
the  marbles  he  has  put  in,  is  said  to  have  got 
his  donks. 

DONNAT.    A  wretch ;  a  devil.    North. 

DONNE.     Of  a  dun  colour.     (A.-S.}     "  Don- 
ned cow,"  Turnament  of  Tottenham. 
Ser,  sen  je  salle  on  huntynge  fownde, 
I  salle  jow  gyfFe  twa  gud  grewhundes, 
Are  donnede  als  any  doo. 

MS.    Lincoln  A.  i.  17,  f.  140 

DONNINETHELL.    Wild  hemp.     Gerard. 
DONNINGS.    Dress ;  clothes.     West. 
DONNUT.    A  pancake  made  of  dough  instead 

of  batter.     Herts. 
DONNY.  (1)  Same  as  donne,  q.  v. 

(2)  Poorly  ;  out  of  sorts.     Lane. 

(3)  A  profligate  woman.     West. 

(4)  A  small  fishing-net.     Line. 

DONSEL.    A  youth  of  good  birth  but  not 

knighted.    (^.-JV.) 
DON'T.    Dont  ought,  ought  not.     Dont  think, 

do  not  think.     Var.  dial 
DONYED.    Dinned ;  resounded.     (A.-S.) 
Soche  strokys  gaf  the  knyghtysstowte, 
That  the  hylJe  donyed  all  abowie 

MS.  Cantab,  Ff.  tU  38  f,  224 
DOOD.    Done.    Devon. 
DOODLE.    A  trifler,  or  idler.    Ash. 
DOODLE-SACK.    A  bagpipe.    Kent, 
DOOGS.    Same  as  donks,  q.  v. 
DOOKE.  (1)  Do  you.     Wilts. 
(2)  A  duck.     Pr.  Parv. 


DOR 


311 


DOR 


DOOKELYNGYS.    Ducklings.     Pr.  Parv. 

DOOM.     Judgment.     (A.-SJ 

DOOMAN.     A  woman.     Var.  dial. 

BOON.  (1)  To  do.     (^-S.) 

(2)  The  village  cage  or  prison.     Line. 

DOOR.    The  fish  doree. 

DOOR-CHEEKS.  Door-posts.  See  Cheeks, 
and  Exod.  xii.  22,  ed.  1640. 

DOORDERN.     A  door-frame.     Line. 

DOOR-KEEPER.    A  whore.     DeMer. 

DOORN.    A  door-frame.     Wilts. 

DOOR-NAIL.  «  Bed  as  dore  nail,"  Will,  and 
the  Werwolf,  p.  23.  This  proverb  is  still  in 
use.  "  As  deed  as  a  dore-tree,"  Piers  Plough- 
man, p.  26. 

DOOR-PIECE.  A  piece  of  tapestry  hung  be- 
fore an  open  door. 

DOOR-SILL.     The  threshold  of  a  door. 

DOOR-STAANS.     Same  as  Door-sill,  q.  v. 

DOOR-STALL.    A  door-post.    East. 

DOOR-STEAD.     Same  as  door-sill,  q.  v. 

DOORWAY.  The  entrance  into  a  building,  or 
apartment. 

DOORY.     Very  little ;  diminutive.     Yortoh. 

DOOSE.  (1)  A  blow,  or  slap.     North. 

'2)  Thrifty;  .careful ;  cleanly.     North. 
:3)  Soft  to  the  touch.     Line. 

DOOSENLOOP.  The  same  as  Dommelheed,  q.  v. 

DOOSEY-CAP.  A  punishment  among  boys  in 
the  North  of  England. 

DOOTE.    A  fool.     (A.-N.) 

How  lordis  and  leders  of  our  lawe 

Has  geven  dome  that  this  floats  schall  dye. 

Walpule  Mytterics,  MS. 

DOOTLE.  A  notch  in  a  wall  to  receive  a  beam, 

in  building.     North. 
DO-OUT.     To  clean  out.     Suffolk. 
POP.    A  short  quick  curtsey.  East.    The  term 

occurs  in  Ben  Jonson. 
DOP-A-LOW.    Very  short  in  stature,  especially 

spoken  of  females.    East. 
DOPCHICKEN,    Thedabchick.    Line. 
DOPE.    A  simpleton.     Cumb. 
DOPEY.     A  beggar's  trull.     Grose. 
DOPPERBIRD.    The  dabchick,  or  didapper. 

Doppar  in  the  Pr.  Parv.  p.  127. 
DOPPERS.     The  Anabaptists,  or  dippers^  much 

disliked  in  Jonson's  time,  who  mentions  them 

under  this  name. 
DOPT.      To  adopt.      "  I  would  dopt  him," 

Chettle's  Hoffman,  1631,  sig.  F.  iv. 
DOR.  (1)  A  drone  or  beetle ;  a  cockchafer.     To 

dor,  or  to  give  the  dor,  to  make  a  fool  of  one, 

corresponding  to  the  modern  hum,  to  deceive. 

Dor,  a  fool,  Hawkins,  iii.  109. 

(2)  To  obtain  a  dor,  to  get  leave  to  sleep.    A 
schoolboy's  phrase.    • 

(3)  To  frighten,  or  stupiry.     West. 
DORADO.    Anything  gilded.   (Span.)   Hence, 

a  smooth-faced  rascal. 
DORALLE.    Sam<3  as  dariol,  q.  v. 
DORBELISH.    Very  qlumsy.    Line. 
DOJICAS.    Benevolent  societies  which  furnish 

poor  with  clothing  gratuitously  or  at  a  cheap 

rate.    Hence,  perhaps,  dor  eased,  finely  decked 

*ut.    Line.    See  Acts,  ix,  36. 


BO  HCHESTEli.    As  big  as  a  Dorchester  butt, 

i.  e.  exceedingly  fat. 
DORDE.  Some  kind  of  sauce  used  in  ancient 

cookery.  Feest,  ix. 
DORE.  (1)  There.  (A.-S.) 

(2)  To  dare.     (A.-S.) 

And  otherwhile,  yf  that  I  dore, 
Er  I  come  fully  to  the  dorc, 
I  turne  ajen  and  fayne  a  thinge, 
As  thouje  I  hadde  lost  a  rynge. 

Cower,  MS.  Sue.  Antiq.  134,  f.  121. 

(3)  To  stare  at  one.     North. 
DORE-APPLE.  A  firm  winter  apple  of  a  bright 

yellow  colour.    East. 

DOREE.     Pastry.     (A.-N.) 

DOREN.     Doors.     (^.-S.) 

DORESTOTHES.     Door-posts.    Finch.  Chart. 

DORE-TREE.  The  bar  of  a  door.  See  Piers 
Ploughman,  p.  26 ;  Havelok,  1806. 

DORFER,    An  impudent  fellow.    North. 

DORGE.    A  kind  of  lace. 

DORISHMENT.    Hardship.     North. 

DOR-LINES.     Mackerel  lines.     North. 

DORLOT.  An  ornament  for  a  woman's  dress. 
(A.-N.)  Sometimes  the  same  as  Calk  (1). 

DORM.     To  dose ;  a  dose.    North. 

DORMANT.  ^  The  large  beam  lying  across  a 
room;  a  joist.  Also  called  dormant-tree, 
dormond,  and  dormer.  Anything  fixed  was 
said  to  be  dormant.  The  dormant-table  was 
perhaps  the  fixed  table  at  the  end  of  a  hall, 
where  the  baron  sat  in  judgment  and  on  state 
occasions.  See  Chaucer,  Cant.  T.  355  ;  Hall, 
Henry  VIII.  f.  181 ;  Cyprian  Academic,  1647, 
ii.  58.  To  begin  the  tabul  dormant,  to  take 
the  principal  place. 

A  tabul  dormant  that  he  begynne ; 
Then  shal  we  lawj  that  be  herein. 

MS.  Cantab.  Ff.  v.  48,  f.  54. 
Kyng  AJthour  than  verament 
Ordeynd  throw  hys  awne  assent, 
The  tabittt  dormounte  withouten  lette. 

MS.  Ashmole  6If  f.  60. 

DORMATIVE.  Sleepy.  (Lot.)  "  A  donna- 
tive  potion,"  Cobler  of  Canterburie,  1608. 

DORMEDORY.  A  sleepy,  stupid,  inactive  per- 
son. Heref. 

DORMER.  A  window  pierced  through  a  sloping 
roof,  and  placed  in  a  small  gable  which  rises 
on  the  side  of  the  roof.  Oaf.  Gloss.  Arch. 
In  Herefordshire,  an  attic  window  projecting 
from  the  roof  is  called  a  dormit. 

DORMOND.  Part  of  the  clothing  of  a  bed. 
Finchale  Chart. 

DORNEX.     See  Darnex. 

DORNS.    Door-posts.    Devon. 

DORNTON.  A  small  repast  taken  between 
breakfast  and  dinner.  North. 

DORP.    A  village,  or  hamlet.     (A.-S.) 

DORRE.  (1)  Durst.  See  Rob.  Glouc.  p.  112; 
Beves  of  Hamtouny  p.  107. 

(2)  To  deafen.     Somerset. 

DORREL.    A  pollard.     Warn. 

DQRR&R.    A  sleeper ;  a  lazy  person. 

DORRY,  Sowpes  dorry,  sops  endorsed,  or  sea- 
soned. Forme  of  Cury,  p.  43. 


DOT 


312 


DOU 


DORSEL.  A  pack-saddle,  panniers  in  which 
fish  are  earned  on  horseback.  Sussex,  Dor- 
sers,  fish-baskets,  Ord.  and  Reg.  p.  143. 

DORSERS.  Hangings  of  various  kinds  ;  tapes- 
try. See  Test.  Vetust.  p.  258  ;  Rutland  Papers, 
p.  7.  (A.-N.  dorsal)  "  Docers  of  highe  pryse," 
Beryn,  101. 

DORSTODE.    A  door-post.    (A.-S.) 

DORTED.    Stupified.     Cumo. 

DORTH.     Through.    RUson. 

DORTOUR.  A  dormitory,  or  sleeping  room. 
(A.-N.)  "  Slepe  as  monke  in  his  dortoure," 
Langtoft,  p.  256.  The  part  of  a  monastery 
which  contained  the  sleeping  rooms  was  the 
dorter  or  dortoir,  Davies,  p.  133.  "  The  dor- 
tor  staires,"  Pierce  Penilesse,  p.  51. 

DORTY.    Saucy;  nice.   Northumb. 

DORY.   A  drone  bee.   Philpoi. 

DOS.  (1)  A  master.    North. 

(2)  Joshua.     Yorlcsh. 

DOSAYN.    A  dozen.    Kyng  Alls.  657. 

DOSE.    Does.     North.' 

Then  durst  I  sweve  the:  shuld  abye, 
That  dose  oure  kynge  that  vilanye. 

MS.  Cfintab.  Ff.  v.  48,  f.  48. 

DOSEBEIRDE.  A  simpleton;  a  fool.  See 
Chester  Plays,  ii.  34,  and  Dasiberde,  the  latter 
form  occurring  in  the  Medulla.  Dossiberde, 
ib.  i.  201  ;  dosciaeirde,  1  204. 

DOSEL,    See  Parsers. 

DOSELLE.     The  faucet  of  a  barrel.    (A.-N.) 
11  Caste  awei  the  dosils"  R.  Glouc.  p.  542. 
And  when  he  had  made  holes  so  fele, 
And  stoppyd  every  oon  of  them  -with  a  doseU/i. 

MS.  Cantab.  Ff.  ii.  38,  f.  139. 

DOSENED.    Cold  ;  benumbed.    Nor  Hi. 

DOSENS.  Straight  clothes  manufactured  in 
Devonshire,  temp.  Hen.  V. 

DOSER.    SeeDorsers. 

DOSION.    Same  as  dashin,  q.  v. 

DOSK.    Dark;  dusky.    Craven. 

POSNELL.     Stupid ;  clownish.     Howell. 

DOSOME.    Healthy ;  thriving.    North. 

DOSS,  (1)  A  hassock.    East. 

(2)  To  attack  with  the  horns.    East. 

(3)  To  sit  down  rudely.    Kent. 

DOSSAL.  A  rich  ornamented  cloak  worn  by 
persons  of  high  rank.  (A.-N.) 

POSSEL.  A  wisp  of  hay  or  straw  to  stop  up  an 
aperture  in  a  barn;  a  plug;  the  rose  at  the 
end  of  a  water-pipe.  North.  Perhaps  from 
doselle,  q,  v. 

DOSSER.     A  pannier,  or  basket. 

He  fell  to  discoursing  within  an  odde  manner  of 
love  making,  when  beginning  very  low,  marking 
her  new  shod  feet  hanging  over  her  dossers,  beganne 
wiih  this  commendation.  Pasquit's  Jest*,  1029 

DOSSERS.    A  motion  of  the  head  in  children, 

caused  by  affections  of  the  brain.    East. 
.DOSSET,    A  small  quantity.    Kent, 
DOSSITY,    Ability  ;  quickness.     West, 
POSTER.    A  daughter.    Pr.  Parv. 
DOSY.    Dizzy,  or  giddy.    (A.-N.) 
DOT.    A  small  lump,  or  pat.    Palsgrave, 
-DOTANCE.    Fear;  reverence.    (A.-N.) 
DOTANT,    A.  dotard,    Sha*. 


DOTARD.    Same  as  floated,  q.  v. 
DOTAUNCE.  Fear;  doubt;  uncertainty.  (A.-N.) 
DOTE.      A  foolish  fellow.     (A.-S.)     Also  a 

verb,  to  be  foolish  in  any  way. 
DOTED.    Foolish ;  simple.    (A.-S.) 
DOTE-FIG.     A  fig.    Devon.    See  Junius.    "  A 

topet  of  fygge  dodes,"  Howard  Household 

Books,  p.  351. 

DOTES.    Endowments ;  good  qualities.    (Lett.) 
DOTH.     Do  ye.    (A.-S.) 
DOTHER.    To  totter,  or  tremble.    North. 
The  duk  dotered  to  the  ground. 

Sir  Degrevant,   1109. 

DOTONE.    To  dote ;  to  be  foolish.    Pr.  Parv. 
DOTOUS.    Doubtful.    (A.-N.) 
DOTS.     Gingerbread  nuts.    East. 
DOTTEL.     Same  as  Doselle,  q.  v. 
DOTTEREL.  A  bird  said  to  be  so  foolishly  fond 
of  imitation  as  to  be  easily  caught.     Hence  a 
stupid  fellow,  an  old  doatirig  fool,  a  sense 
still  current  in  Craven. 
Wherefore,  good  reader,  that  I  save  them  may, 
I  now  with  them  the  very  duttril  play. 

A  Book  for  Boys  and  Girls,  1686. 
DOTTYPOLES.    See  Dodipoll. 
DOUBLE.  (1)  To  shut  up  anything;  to  clench 
the  fissts.     Far.  dial. 

(2)  To  make  double ;  to  fold  up. 

(3)  A  hare  is  said  to  double,  when  she  winds 
about  in  plain  fields  to  deceive  the  hounds. 

(4)  A  kind  of  stone  formerly  used  in  building. 
See  Willis,  p.  25. 

(5)  The  play  double  or  quit,  i.  e.  to  win  a  double 
sum,  or  lose  nothing. 

(6)  To  make  a  duplicate  of  any  writing.    To 
double,  to  vary  in  telling  a  tale  twice  over. 

(7)  A  letter  patent.     CowelL 
DOUBLE-BEER.    Strong  beer,  or  ale.     (Fr.) 
DOUBLE-CLOAK.    A  cloak  which  might  be 

worn  on  either  side,  adapted  for  disguises. 

DOUBLE-COAL.  A  carboniferous  measure  of 
coal,  frequently  five  feet  thick. 

DOUBLE-COUPLE.    Twin  lambs.    East. 

DOUBLER.  A  large  dish,  plate,  or  bowl. 
North.  See  Pr.  Parv.  pp.  70,  124. 

DOUBLE-READER.  A  member  of  an  Inn  of 
Court  whose  turn  it  was  to  read  a  second  time. 
Jonson,  vi.  81. 

DOUBLE-RIBBED.    Pregnant.    North. 

DOUBLE-RUFF.    A  game  at  cards. 

DOUBLE-SPRONGED.  When  potatoes  lie  in 
the  ground  till  the  new  crop  shoots  out  fresh 
bulbs,  they  are  said  to  be  doiible-xproiiged. 

DOUBLET.  (1)  A  military  garment  covering 
the  upper  part  of  the  body  from  the  neck  to 
the  waist.  The  pourpoinfe  in  Caxton. 

(2)  A  false  jewel  or  stone  consisting  of  two 
pieces  join'ed  together. 

DOUBLE-TOM.  A  double-breasted  plough. 
East. 

DOUBLE-TONGUE.    The  herb  horsetongue. 

DOUBLETS.  A  game  somewhat  similar  to 
backgammon,  but  less  complicated.  See  Cot- 
grave,  in  v.  Renette;  R.  Fletcher's  Poems,  p. 
129 ;  Taylor's  Motto,  1622,  sig.  D.  iv. 

DOUBTSOME.  Doubtful;  uncertain. 


DOU 


313 


BOW 


DOUCE.  (1)  Sweet ;  pleasant.    (A.-N.) 
He  drawes  into  douce  Fraunce,  as  Duchemen  tellez. 
Morte  Arthurs,  MS.  Lincoln,  f.  G6. 

(2)  A  blow.    Var.  dial.    Also  a  verb.    A  pat  in 
the  face,  Tusser,  p.  xxii. 

(3)  Snug ;  comfortable.    North. 

(4)  Sober ;  prudent.    North. 

(5)  Chaff.    Devon. 

(6)  To  duck  in  water.    Craven. 
m  To  put  out,  as  clout,  q.  v. 

(8)  The  back  of  the  hand.    Line. 
DOUCE-AME.     See  Ame  (a). 
DOUCET.  (1)  Sweet.    (A.-N.) 

Fie  delicat  metes  and  doucet  drinkes,  al  the  while 
thou  art  not  syke.  MS.  Bodl.  423,  f.  182. 

(2)  A  small  custard  or  pasty.    See  Ord.  and  Keg. 
pp.  174,  178  ;  Rutland  Papers,  p.  125.    "A 
lytell  flawne,"  Palsgrave. 

(3)  Some  musical  instrument.     See  Tyrwhitt's 
Gloss,  to  Chaucer,  p.  69.    The  dulcimer,  ac- 
cording to  Skinner. 

DOUCET-PIE.   A  sweet-herb  pie.    Devon. 
DOUCETS.    The  testes  of  a  deer. 
DOUCH.    To  bathe.    Somerset. 
DOUCKER.     A  didapper.    Kennett.    "  Dou- 

kere,j0foM«;0im,"  Reliq.  Antiq.  ii.  83. 
DOUDY.    Shabbily  dressed,     far.  dial. 
DOU  FEE.    A  dove.    Lydgate. 
DOUGH.  (1)  Though.  Ritson. 

(2)  A  little  cake.    North. 

(3)  The  stomach.    Salop. 
DOUGH-BAKED.   Imperfectly  baked.    Hence 

of  weak  or  dull  understanding. 

DOUGH-CAKE.    An  idiot.   Devon. 

DOUGH-COCK.    A  fool.    See  Daw-cock. 

DOUGH-FIG.    A  Turkey  fig.    Somerset. 

DOUGH-LEAVEN.    A  lump  of  leaven  prepared 
for  making  leavened  bread.     West. 

DOUGHT.    To  do  aught,  to  be  able  to  do  any- 
thing.    Trifstrem. 

DOUGHTER.    A  daughter.     (A.-S.) 

DOUGHTIER.     More  doughty.     (A.-S.') 

DOUGHTREN.    Daughters.     (A.-S.) 

DOUGH-UP.    To  stick,  or  adhere.    East. 

DOUGHY.     Foolish.    Derby. 

DOUGLE.     To  wash  thoroughly.     Yorlcsh, 

DOUHTERN.    Daughters.    Leg.  Cath.  p.  126. 

DOUHTY.     Stout ;  strong  ;  brave.     (A.-S.) 

DOUK.     To  stoop  the  head  ;  to  bow ;  to  dive  or 
bathe ;  a  dip.     North. 

DOUKY.    Damp ;  wet ;  moist.     North. 

DOUL.  (1)  Down ;  feathers.     Salop.     "  Young 
dowl  of  the  beard,"  Howell,  sect.  i. 

(2)  A  nail  sharpened  at  each  end;  a  wooden  pin 
or  plug  to  fasten  planks  with. 

DOULE.    Thick;  dense.     (A.-N.) 

As  in  the  -woddis  for  to  walke  undir  doule  schadis. 
MS.  Mhmole  44,  f.  75. 

DOUNDRINS.    Afternoon  drinkings.    Deri. 
DOUNESTIYHE.     To  go  down.     (A.-S.) 
POUNS.  A  foolish  person  ;  an  idle  girl.  North. 
DOUN3.    Down.     R.  Glouc.  p.  208. 
DO-UP.    To  fasten.     Var.  dial 
DOUP.    The  .buttocks.    North. 
DOUR.     Sour  looking ;  sullen.     North. 
DOURE.  (1)  To  endure.    See  Gy  of  Warwike, 
p.  210 ;  Arthour  and  Merlin,  p.  359. 


(2)  To  dower,  or  endow.    (A.-N.) 

DOUSE.     See  Douce. 

DOUSHER.    An  inconsiderate  person ;  one  who 

is  inclined  to  run  all  hazards  quite  careless  of 

the  consequences ;  a  madman.     Line. 
DOUSSING.    The  weasel.     (Lot.) 
DOU  ST.     Dust,  powder.     West.     "  Grinde  it 

all  to  doust"  Forme  of  Cury,  p.  28, 
DOUT.     To  do  out ;  to  put  out ;  to  extinguish. 

Doutedj  dead.     Var.  dial. 
DOUTABLE,     In  uncertainty,  or  peril.  (A.-N.) 
DOUTANCE.     Doubt ;  fear.     (A.-N.) 
DOUTE.     Fear.    Also  a  verb. 

I  am  a  marchant  and  ride  aboute, 
And  fele  sithis  I  am  in  dowte. 

MS-  Cantab.  Ff.  v.  48,  f,  47. 

DOUTELES.    "Without  doubt.     (A.-N.) 

DOUTEOUSE.     Fearful.     (A.-N.) 

D OUTER.  An  extinguisher.  Douters,  instru- 
ments like  snuffers  for  extinguishing  the  can- 
dle without  cutting  the  wick;  the  snuffers 
themselves.  Dowtes,  extinguishers,  Cunning- 
ham's Revels  Accounts,  pp.  58,  160. 

DOUTHE.  (1)  Doubt.     (A.-N.) 

(2)  Was  worth,  was  sufficient,  availed.    From 
A.-S.  Dugan.     See  Havelok. 

(3)  People ;  nobles.     Gawayne. 
DOUTIF.     Mistrustful.    (A.-N.) 

The  kyiige  was  doutifnt  this  dom. 

Goirei;  MS.  Sue.  Antiq.  134,  f.  190. 

DOUTLER.     Same  as  doubter,  q.  v. 

DOUTOUS.    Doubtful.     Chaucer. 

DOUTREMERE.  From  beyond  the  sea.  "  In 
fine  blacke  sattiu  doutremere,"  Urry,  p.  405. 

DOUVE.    To  sink  ;  to  lower.    North. 

DOUWED.    Gave;  endowed.     Hearne. 

DOUZZY.     Dull;  stupid.     Chesh. 

DOU3TILI.     Bravely.    (A.-S.) 

DOVANE.    A  custom-house.    (Fr 

DOVE.     To  thaw.     Exmoor. 

DOVEN.    Or  dovening,  a  slumber.    North. 

DOVER.  (1)  A  sandy  piece  of  waste  ground 
near  the  sea.  South. 

(2)  To  be  in  a  dose.    North. 

DOVERCOURT.  A  village  in  Essex,  apparently 
celebrated  for  its  scolds.  Keeping  Dovercourt, 
making  a  great  noise.  Tusser,  p.  12,  men- 
tions a  Dovercourt  beetle,  i.  e.  one  that  could 
make  a  loud  noise. 

DOVER'S-GAMES.  Annual  sports  held  on  the 
Cotswold  hills  from  time  immemorial.  They 
had  fallen  in  vigour  about  1600,  but  were  re- 
vived shortly  after  that  period  by  Captain 
Dover.  The  hill  where  the  games  are  cele- 
brated is  still  called  Dover's  Hill. 

DOVE'S-EOOT.    The  herb  columbine. 

DOW.  (1)  To  mend  in  health ;  to  thrive.  "  Pro- 
ver&ium  apud  Anglos  Boreales,  he'll  never 
dow  egg  nor  bird/'  Upton  MS.  and  Yorksh. 
Dial.  p.  83. 

(2)  A  dove,  or  pigeon.    Var.  dial.    See  Rutland 
Papers,  p.  10  ;  Skelton's  "Works,  i.  157.    "  Co- 
lumoa,Anglice  a  dowe,"  MS .  Bib.  Reg.  12  B,  i.  f.9. 

(3)  A  little  cake.    North. 

(4)  Good.     Westmorel. 

(5)  Thou,    Octovian,  836. 


DOW 


314 


DOZ 


DOWAIRE.    A  dower.    (A.-N.) 
DO-WAY.    Cease. 

Do  way,  quod  Adam,  let  be  that, 
Be  God  I  wolde  not  for  my  hat 
Be  takyn  with  sich  a  gyle. 

MS.  Cantab.  Ff.  v.  48,  f.  49. 

DOWAYN.    "  A  mantel  of  Dowayn/'  a  mantel 

from  Douay,  a  Flemish  mantle. 
DOWBALL.     A  turnip.     Line. 
DOWBILNYS.     Insincerity. 

Butt  feynyd  drede  and  dowWnys 

MS.  Cantab.  Ff.  i.  6,  £.45. 

DOWBLET.    Same  as  doubter,  q.  v. 

Clippe  hem  with  a  peyre  sherys  on  smale  pecis 

into  a.  faire  basyne,  and  thanne  do  hem  into  a  glasse 

pot  that  men  clepene  a  doublet.     MS.  Bright,  f.  4. 

DOWBOY.    A  hard  dumpling.    East. 

DOWCE-EGYR.    An  ancient  dish  in  caokery 

mentioned  in  Prompt.  Parv.  p.  129. 
DOWCER.    A  sugar-plum.    West. 
DOWD.  (1)  Flat ;  dead  ;  spiritless.    Lane. 
(2)  A  night-cap.    Devon. 
DOWE.  0 )  Day.    Don  of  (Lowe,  killed. 
(2)  Dough  for  bread.    Pr.  Parv. 
DOWEL.    See  Doul. 
DOWELS.    Low  marshes.    Kent. 
DOWEN.    To  give ;  to  endow.    (A.-N.) 
DOWER.    A  rabbit's  burrow.    Pr.  Parv. 
DOWF.    A  dove. 

And  on  the  temple  of  doicfs  whyte  and  fayre 
Saw  I  sittemapy  a  honclved  payre. 

MS.  Cantab.  Ff.  i.  6,  f.  26. 
Azdowfes  eje  hirloke  is  swete, 
Rose  on  thorn  to  hir  unmete. 
Cursor  Mundi,  MS,  Coll,  Trin.  Cantab,  f.  KB, 

DOW-HOUSE.    A  dove-cote.     East. 

DOWH3.    Dough ;  paste.    Pegge. 

DOWJE.    Worn  out  with  grief.    North. 

DOWING.    Healthful.    Lane. 

DO-W1THALL.  I  cannot  do  withall,  i.  e.  I 
cannot  help  it.  This  phrase  is  not  uncom- 
mon in  early  writers.  "  If  he  beare  displea- 
sure agaynst  me,  I  can  nat  do  withall"  Pals- 
grave, 1530. 

DOWKE.  To  hang  down ;  to  fall  untidily  or 
slovenly,  as  hair,  ribands,  &c.  Also  as  douJc, 
q.  v.  See  Thynne,  p.  78. 

DOWL.    The  devil    Exmoor. 

DOWLAS.  Coarse  linen,  imported  from  Brit- 
tany,  and  chiefly  worn  by  the  lower  classes. 

DOWLD.    Dead;  flat.    Yorteh. 

DOWLER.    A  coarse  dumpling.    East. 

DOWLY.  (1)  Melancholy ;  lonely.     North. 

(2)  Dingy ;  colourless.    North. 

(3)  Grievous ;  doleful ;  bad.    JorJcsh. 
DOWM.   Dumb.    (A.-S.) 
DOWMPE.    Dumb.    Tundale,  p,  49. 
DOWN.  (1)  A  company  of  hares. 

f  2)  To  knock  down ;  to  fall.     North. 

(3)  Sickly ;  poorly.    Craven. 

(4)  Disconsolate ;  cast  down.     As  the  phrase, 
down  in  the  mouth. 

(5)  A  Ml.     (^.-£) 

(6)  Down  of  an  eye,  having  one  eye  nearly  blind. 
North. 

(7)  A  bank  of  sand.    (A.-N.) 


DOWN-ALONG.  (1)  Downwards.     West. 

(2)  A  little  hill.     Devon. 

DOWNARG.     To  contradict ;  to  argue  in  a  po- 
sitive overbearing  manner.     West. 

DOWN-BOUT.    A  tough  battle.    East.   Also, 
a  hard  set-to,  as  of  drinking. 

DOWNCOME.  (1)  A  depression,  or  downfall,  as 
a  fall  of  rain ;  a  fall  in  the  market,  &c. 

(2)  A  piece  of  luck.    North. 

DOWNDAISHOUS.    Audacious.    Dorset. 

DOWNDAP.    To  dive  down.    Devon. 

DOWN-DINNER.    See  Doundrins. 

DOWN-DONE.    Too  much  cooked.    Line. 

DOWNS.    Done.     Weber. 

DOWNFALL.    A  fall  of  hail,  rain,  or  snow. 
Var,  dial. 

DOWNFALLY.    Out  of  repair.    East. 

DOW'NGATE.    A  fall,  or  descent.     (A.-S.) 

DOWNGENE.    Beaten ;  chastised.    (A.-S.) 

3onge  chililir  that  in  the  scole  leris,  of  thay 
praye  to  God  that  thay  be  noghte  downgene,  God 
heris  thame  noghte,  for  if  thay  were  noghte  dmtn- 
gens  thay  wolde  noghte  lere. 

MS.  Lincoln  A.  I  17,  f.  237. 

DOWN-HEARKEN.    See  Downarg. 
DOWNHEARTED.     Sad;  melancholy,     far. 

dial. 

DOWN-HOUSE.    The  back-kitchen.     North. 
DOWNLYING.    A  lying  in,     Var.  dial. 
DOWNO-CANNOT.    When  one  has  power,  but 

wants  the  will  to  do  anything.    Cumb. 
DOWN-PINS.    Persons  quite  drunk.     East. 
DOWN-POUR.    A  very  heavy  rain.     North. 
DOWN-SELLA.    The  donzella,  an  old  dance 

described  in  Shak.  Soc.  Pap.  i.  27. 
DOWN-SITTING.    A  comfortable  settlement, 

especially  in  marriage.    North. 
DOWNY.    Low-spirited.    East. 
DOWP.    The  carrion  crow.    North. 
DOWPAR.    The  dabchick.     Pr.  Parv. 
DOWPY.    The  smallest  and  last-hatched  of  a 

breed  of  birds.    North. 
DOWRYBBE.  An  instrument  used  for  scraping 

and  cleansing  the  kneading  trough.     Also 

spelt  dowrys.    See  Pr.  Parv.  p.  129. 
DOWSE.  (1)  A  doxy ;  a  strumpet. 

(2)  Same  as  Douce,  q.  T. 

(3)  To  rain  heavily.    North. 

(4)  To  beat  or  thrash.    Var.  dial 
DOWT.    A  ditch,  or  drain.    Line. 
DOWTTOUSE.    Brave  ;  doughty.    «  A  dowt- 

touse  derfe  dede,"  Morte  Arthure,  MS.  Line. 
DOWVE.   A  dove.    (A.-S.) 

3e,  'he  seyde,  y  saghe  a  syghte 
Yn  the  lykenes  of  a  dowues  flyghte- 

#&  Hart.  1701,  f.  2. 
DOXY.   A  mistress ;  a  strumpet.    -"  A  woman 

beggar,  a  doxie"  Cotgrave.    A  sweetheart,  in 

an  innocent  sense.   North.    Also,  a  vixen. 
DOYLE.   Asquint.    Glouc. 
DOYSE.    Dost.    Towneley  Mijst. 
DOYT.    Doth.    Jtitson. 
DOYTCH-BACKS.    Fences.   North. 
DOZEN.    To  slumber.   Do8enedt&zmdt4]px&' 

less,  impotent,  withered. 
DOZENS.    Devonshire  kersies. 


DRA 


315 


DEA 


DOZEPERS.    Noblemen;  the  Douze-Pairs  of 
France.   Dosyper,  Octovian,  923. 
As  Charles  stod  by  chance  at  conseil  with  his  feris, 
Whiche  that  were  ofFraunce  his  05011  dozepers. 

MS.Ashmole  33,  f.  3. 
A.S  Charles  was  in  his  grevance.stondyng  among  his 

feres, 

And  coumailede  with   the  grete  of  Fraunce  and 

with  ys  doththe  peres.  A/5.  Jbid. 

DOZZINS.    Corn  shaken  out  in  carrying  hotne 

the  sheaves.    North.     Possibly  from  A.-N. 

douzin. 

DOZZLE.    A  small  quantity.    Var.  dial 
DOZZLED.    Stupid;  heavy.   East. 
D03HTREN.    Daughters.    Rob.  Glouc. 
D03-TR03-    A  dough-trough.    (A.-S.) 
D03TUR.    A  daughter.    (A.-S.} 
He  that  be  my  do^turlay, 
I  tolde  the  of  hym  ^isturday, 
I  wolde  he  were  in  helle. 

MS,  Cantab.  Ff.  v.  48,  f.  S3. 
DRAANT.    A  drawl.     Suffolk. 
DRAB.  (1)  To  follow  loose  women.     "  Dyeing, 
drinking,  and  drabbing,"  Dekker's  Knight's 
Conjuring,  p.  28.     From  the  subst. 

(2)  A  small  debt.     North. 

(3)  To  drub ;  to  beat.    Kent. 
DRAB-AND-NORR.    A  game  very  similar  to 

trippit  and  coit.     See  Brockett. 
DRABBLE.     To   draggle  in  the  mire.     Var. 

dial    See  Pr.  Parv.  pp.  129,  283. 
DRABBLB-TAIL.    A  slattern,  one  who  has  the 

bottom  of  her  gown  dirtied.     /  'ar.  dial 
DRACKSTOOL.    The  threshold.    Devon. 
DRAD.    Feared ;  dreaded ;  afraid.     (A.-S.) 
DRADE.    Drew.     Devon.     No  doubt  an  error 

for  trade  in  Rom.  of  the  Rose,  4200. 
DR^ED.    Thread.    Devon.     (A.-S.) 
DRAF.     Dregs  ;  dirt ;  refuse  ;  brewers'  grains  ; 

anything  thrown  away  as  unfit  for  man's  food. 

(A.-S.)  "  Draife  of  grapes,"  Gesta  Rom.  p.  414. 
Tak  the  rute  of  playntayn  with  the  sede,  and 

stampe  thame  with  staleworthe  vynagre,  and  drynk 

the  jewse,  and  enplaster  the  drafe  apone  the  naville. 
MS.  Line.  Med.  f.  295. 

DRAFFIT.    A  tub  for  hog-wash.     West. 

DRAFFY.  Coarse  and  bad.  fromdraf.  "Some 
drunken  drouzie  drqffiedwrtie  dounghill  stile," 
Pil  to  Purge  Melancholic,  n.  d. 

DRAF-S AK.  A  sack  full  of  draf.  Hence  often 
used  as  a  term  of  contempt.  "  With  his  moste 
vyle  draff esacke  or  puddynge  bealy,"  Pals- 
grave's Acolastus,  1540.  "  DrafFe  sacked 
ruffians,"  Hall,  Henry  VII.  f.  43. 

DRAFT.    Same  as  Catch  (1). 

DRAFTY.    Of  no  value.     From  draf. 

DRAG.  (1)  A  skid-pan.    Var.  dial. 

(2)  A  malkin  for  an  oven.   North.  See  Withals' 
Dictionarie,  1608,  p.  172. 

(3)  A  heavy  harrow  used  for  "breaking  clods  in 
stiff  land.     Var.  dial. 

(4)  An  instrument  for  moving  timber,  drawing 
up  stones,  or  heavy  weights,  &c. 

(5)  A  fence  placed  across  running  water,  con- 
sisting of  a  kind  of  hurdle  which  swings  on 
hinges,  fastened  to  a  horizontal  pole.   West. 


(6)  A  dung-fork.     North. 

(7)  A  raft.    Blount. 

(8)  To  drawl  in  speaking.     West. 

DRAGANS.  The  herb  serpentine.  It  is  men- 
tioned in  MS.  Line.  Med.  f.  290.  Dragonce, 
Reliq.  Antiq.  i.  301. 

DRAGE.    A  kind  of  spice.    (A.-N.) 

DRAGEE.  A  small  comfit.  (A.-N.)  "  A  dra- 
gee of  the  yolkes  of  harde  eyren,"  Ord.  and 
Reg.  p.  454.  "  A  gude  dragy  for  gravelle  in' 
the  bleddir,"  MS.  Line.  Med.  f.  300. 

DRAGEME.     A  drachm.    Arch.  xxx.  406. 

DRAGENALL.  A  vessel  for  dragees  or  small 
comfits.  See  Test.  Vetust.  p.  92. 

DRAGGE.    Same  as  dragee,  q.  v. 

DRAGGING-TIME.  The  evening  of  a  fair-day, 
when  the  wenches  are  pulled  about.  East, 

DRAGGLE-TAIL.  A  slut.  «  A  dunghill  queane, 
a  dragletaile,"  Florio,  p.  100.  See  Cotgrave; 
in  v.  Chaperonnieze ;  Withals'  Dictionaries 
1608,  p.  45. 

DRAGHT.  (1)  A  pawn.   (A.-N.} 

With  a  draght  he  was  chekmate. 

JUS.  Cantab.  Ff.  ii.  38,  f.  241. 

(2)  A  kind  of  small  cart. 

The  whiche  of  custummable  use  conneth  bere 
the  yren  dike,  and  delve  diches,  bere  and  dra^e 
draghtes  and  berthennes.  JlfS.  Douce  291,  f.  7, 

(3)  Result ;  consequence.     (A.-N.) 
DRAGON.    A  species  of  carbine. 
DRAGONS-FEMALE.  Water-dragons.  Gerard. 
DRAIL.    A  toothed  iron  projecting  from  the 

beam  of  a  plough  for  hitching  the  horses  to. 

West. 

DRAINS.    Grains  from  the  mash-tub.    East. 
DRAINTED.    Ingrained.    Wilts. 
DRAIT.    A  team  of  horses.   North. 
DRAITING.    Drawling.    Derbyshire. 
DRAKE.  (1)  A  dragon.   (A.-S.)  Hence  a  small 

piece  of  artillery  so  called,  as  in  Lister's  Auto- 

biography,  p.  15. 

(2)  A  kind  of  curl,  when  the  ends  of  the  hair 
only  turn  up,  and  all  the  rest  hangs  smooth, 
To  shoot  a  drake,  to  fillip  the  nose, 

(3)  The  darnel  grass.    East. 

DRAKES.   A  slop ;  a  mess ;  a  jakes.    West, 

DRALE.     To  drawl.    North. 

DRAME.    A  dream.    Chaucer. 

DRAMMOCK.  A  mixture  of  oatmeal  and  cold 
water.  North. 

DRANE.    A  drone.     (A.-S.} 

DRANG.    A  narrow  path,  or  lane.     West. 

DRANGOLL.    A  kind  of  wine. 

Pyng,  drangoll,  and  the  braget  fyne. 

MS,  RawL  C.  86. 

DRANK.  The  darnel  grass.  North.  Trans- 
lated by  betel  in  Reliq.  Antiq.  ii.  80,  and  spelt 
drauck.  See  Pr.  Parv.  p.  130. 

DRANT.  (1)  The  herb  rocket.  It  is  the  trans- 
lation of  eruca  in  MS.  Lansd.  560,  f.  45, 
written  in  Lancashire. 

(2)  A  drawling  tone.    Suffolk. 

DRAP-DE-LAYNE.    Woollen  cloth.    A~N.) 

DRAPE.  Jv  barren  -cow  or  ewe.  Drape  sheepi 
the  refuse  sheep  of  a  flock,  North. 


316 


DEE 


DRAPERY.  Carving  or  painting  made  to  re- 
semble cloth,  or  foliage. 

DRAPET.     A  table-cloth.     Spenser. 

DRAPLYD.    Dirtied ;  bedrabbled.    Pr.  Parv. 

DRAPS.     Unripe  fruit  when  fallen.    East. 

DRASH.     To  thresh.     Somerset. 

DRASHEL.    A  threshold.     Also,  a  flail   West. 

DRASHER.    A  thresher.    Somerset. 

DRASTES.  Dregs ;  refuse ;  lees  of  wine.  (A.-S.) 
See  Gesta  Rom.  pp.  346,  413.  "  Refuse  or 
lees  of  wine,  or  of  humor,"  Batman  uppon 
Bartholome,  1582. 

DRAT.  (1)  A  moderated  imprecation.  Var.  dial. 

(2)  Dreadeth.  See  Gy  of  Warwike,  p.  81 ;  Piers 
Ploughman,  pp.  165,  523. 

DRATCHEL.    A  slattern.     Warw. 

DRATE.    To  drawl.    North. 

DRATTLE.  An  oath,  perhaps  a  corruption  of 
throttle,  far.  dial 

DRAUGHT.  (1)  A  Jakes.  "  Oletum,  a  draught 
or  jakes,"  Elyot,  1559.  See  D'Ewes,  ii.  127. 

(2)  A  spider's  web.    Metaphorical ly,  a  snare  to 
entrap  any  one. 

(3)  A  kind  of  hound.    Florio,  p.  67. 

(4)  A  team  of  horse  or  oxen.    North. 

(5)  Sixty-one  pounds  weight  of  wool. 
DRAUGHT-CHAMBER.  A  withdrawing  room. 
DRAUGHTS.    A  pair  of  forceps  used  for  ex- 
tracting teeth. 

DRAUN,    To  draw  on  ;  to  approach  to.  (^.~£) 

DRAUP.    To  drawl  in  speaking.    North. 

DRAU3TE.  (1)  A  pawn,    See  Draght. 
And  for  that  amonge  draujtes  cchone, 
That  unto  the  ches  apertene  tnay. 

Qccleve,  MS.  Soc.  Antiq.  134,  f.  2S3. 

(2)  Impetus ;  moving  force,    (A.-S.} 

DRAVELED.    Slumbered  fitfully.     Gawayne. 

DRATY.    Thick;  muddy.    North. 

DRAW.  (I)  To  draw  together,  to  assemble;  to 
draw  one's  purse,  to  pull  it  out. 

(2)  A  hollow  tuck  in  a  cap.    Line. 

(3).  To  strain.   Forme  of  Cury,  p.  11. 

(4)  To  seek  for  a  fox.    Twici,  p.  23.  Drawn 
fox,  metaphorically  a  very  cunning  man. 

(5)  To  take  cattle  out  of  pasture  land,  that  the 
grass  may  grow  for  hay.    West. 

(6)  A  drawer.    J'ar.  dial. 

(1}  To  throw ;  to  stretch  anything.    West. 

(8)  To  build  a  nest ;  an  old  hawking  term,  given 
by  Berners. 

(9)  A  term  in  archery,  expressing  the  length  an 
arrow  will  fly  from  a  bow. 

(10)  To  draw  a  furrow,  to  plough.    East. 

(11)  To  draw  amiss,  to  follow  the  scent  in  a 
wrong  direction.   Blome.  To  draw  is  a  gene- 
ral term  in  hunting  for  following  a  track  or 
scent. 

(12)  A  kind  of  sledge.     West. 

(13)  To  remove  the  entrails  of  a  bird.  Far.  dial. 

(14)  A  stratagem  or  artifice.    Sussex. 
DRAWBREECH.    A  slattern.  Devon. 
DRAWE.  (1)  A  throw,  time,  or  space.   (A.-S.) 

Hence,  sometimes,  to  delay. 
(2)  To  quarter  after  execution.     "  Hang  and 
drawe,"  a  common  phrase. 


(3)  To  remove  the  dishes,  &c.  off  the  table,  after 
dinner  is  finished. 

The  kyng  spake  not  oon  worde 

Tylle  men  had  etyn  and  drawen  the  borde. 

MS.  Cantab.  Ff.  ii.  38,  f.  81. 

DRAWER.  The  tapster,  or  waiter.  See  R. 
Fletcher's  Poems,  1656,  p.  193. 

DRAW-GERE.  Any  furniture,  of  cart-horses 
for  drawing  a  waggon.  Kennett. 

DRAW-GLOVES.  A  game  played  by  holding 
up  the  fingers  representing  words  by  their 
different  positions,  as  we  say  talking  with  the 
fingers.  It  corresponds  to  the  micare  digitis, 
Elyot,  1559. 

DRAWING.  A  drawing-match,  or  a  trial  of 
strength  with  cart-horses  in  drawing  carts 
heavily  loaded ;  a  practice  formerly  common 
in  Suffolk. 

DRAWING-AWAY.    Dying.    Craven. 

DRAWING-BOXES.    Drawers.    Unton,  p.  10. 

DRAWK.  (1)  A  weed  very  similar  to  the  dar- 
nel grass.  East. 

(2)  To  saturate  with  water.    North. 

DRAWLATCH.  A  thief.  Literally,  a  house- 
breaker. The  word  long  continued  a  term  of 
contempt,  as  in  Hoffman,  1631,  sig.  G.  i.  It 
is  still  applied  to  an  idle  fellow. 

DRAWT.     The  throat,     Somerset. 

DRAW-TO.    To  come  to ;  to  amount  up.   West. 

DRAY.  (1)  A  squirrel's  nest.    Blome. 

(2)  A  great  noise.     (A.-N,~)   Also  a  verb,  to  act 
like  a  madman. 

For  he  was  gaye  and  amorouse, 
And  made  so  mekille  draye. 

MS.  Lincoln  A.  i.  17,  f.  134. 
Haldyst  them  forward  ?  e  certys,  nay, 
Whan  thou  makebt  swyche  a  ciia//. 

MS.Harl.  1701,  f.  SI. 

(3)  A  sledge  without  wheels.    West.    "  Dray  or 
sleade  whych  goeth  without  wheles,  traha," 
Huloet's  Abe.  1552. 

DRAYNE.    Drawn.    (.//.-£) 

Hastely  he  hathe  hem  of  di'ayne, 
And  therin  hymselfe  dight. 

MS.  Harl.  2252,  f.  100 

DRAZEL.     A  dirty  slut.    Sussex.    The  term 

occurs  in  Hudibras  and  Kennett.     Sometimes 

called  drazel-drozzle. 
DRA3T.    A  draw-bridge,     Gawayne. 
DREAD.    Thread.    Exmoor. 
DREADFUL.  (1)  Very  much.    Devon, 
(2)  Fearful ;  timorous.     Skdton. 
DREAM.    To  be  glad.    (A.-S.)    Also,  to  sing, 

a  meaning  that  has  been  overlooked. 
DREAM-HOLES.    Openings  left  in  the  walls  of 

buildings  to  admit  light,     Glouc. 
DREAN.  (1)  A  small  stream.     (A.-S.} 
(2)  To  drawl  in  speaking.    Somerset. 
DREAP.    To  drench.   Also,  to  drawl.    North. 
DREARING.    Sorrow.    Spenser. 
DREARISOME.    Very  dreary.    North. 
DREATEN.    To  threaten.     West. 
DRECCHE.  (I)  To  vex;  to  oppress.    G4.-&) 

Whereof  the  blynde  world  he  dreccheth* 

Gower,  MS.  Soc.  Antiq,  134,  f,  42, 


DRE 


317 


DRE 


Oft  thai  drechen  men  in  thaire  slepe, 

And  makes  thaim  fullc  bare  ; 
And  oft  thai  ligyn  opotie  menue, 

That  many  calles  the  nyjt-marc. 

MS.  Cantab.  Ff.  v.  48,  f.  81. 

(2)  To  linger ;  to  delay. 

For  drede  of  the  derke  n>ghte  thay  drecchede  a  lyttille. 
Morte  Afth ui-e,  MS,  Lincoln,  f.  6'1. 
Then  make  y  other  taryngys 
To  drecche  forthe  the  long  day, 
For  me  ys  lothe  to  part  away. 

Goicer,  MS.  Cantab.  Ff.  i.  6,  f.  4. 

(3)  A  sorrowful  thing.     (A.-S.) 

Ye  schall  see  a  wondur  drechc, 
Whan  my  son?  wole  me  fecche. 

JUS.  Cantab.  Ff.  ii.  38,  f.  33. 

DRECEN.    To  threaten.    North. 
DRECK-STOOL.    A  door-sill.    Devon. 
DREDAND.     Afraid ;  terrified.     (A.-S.) 
DREDE.    Fear ;  doubt.    Also,  to  fear.  (A.-S.) 

Withouten  drede,  without  doubt. 
DREDEFUL.  Timorous.  (A.-S.) 
DREDELES.  "Without  doubt.  Chaucer. 

Do  dresse  we  therefore,  and  byde  we  no  langere, 

Fore  dredlesse  withowttyne  dowtte  the  daye  schalle 
be  ourez.        Mwtv  Arthuref  MS.  Lincoln,  f.  7^- 
DREDEN.     To  make  afraid.     (A.-S.) 
DREDFULLY.    Fearfully ;  terrified.     (A.-S.) 
DREDGE.  (1)  Oats  and  barley  sown  together. 

Spelt  dragge  in  Pr.  Parv.  p.  130. 
(2)  A  bush-harrow.     South. 
DREDGE-BOX.  The  flour-dredger.    Var.  dial 
DREDGE-MALT.     Malt  made  of  oats  mixed 

with  barley  malt.     Kennett,  MS.  Lansd. 
DREDGER.    A  small  tin  box  used  for  holding 

flour.    South. 

DREDINGFUL.    Full  of  dread.    (A.-S.) 
DREDRE.     Dread;  fear.    (A.-S.) 
DREDY.    Reverent.     WicUiffe. 
DREE.  (1)  To  suffer ;  to  endure.   (A.-S.)    Still 

used  in  the  North. 

Anone  to  the  ale  thei  wylle  go, 
And  drinke  ther  whyle  thei  may  dre. 

MS.  MhmoU  61. 

(2)  To  journey  to  a  place.    North. 

(3)  Long ;  tedious  ;  wearisome.    North. 

(4)  A  hard  bargainer.     YorJcsJi. 

(5)  A  cart  without  wheels  drawn  by  one  horse. 
North.   Now  out  of  use. 

(6)  Three.    Somerset. 

(7)  Continuously ;  steadily.    Line. 
DREED.    The  Lord.     (A.-S.) 
DREEDFUL.    Reverential.    (A.-S.) 
DREELY.  Slowly ;  tediously.  North.  We  have 

dreghely  in  the  MS.  Morte  Arthure.    It  there 
probably  means  continuously,   as  drely  in 
Towneley  Myst.  p.  90. 
DREEN.    To  drain  dry.   Suffolk. 
DREF.    Drove.    Hearne. 
DREFENE.    Driven ;  concluded. 
And  whenne  his  dredefulle  drem  whas  drefene  to  the 

ende, 
The  kynge  dares  for  dowte  dye  as  he  scholde. 

Morte  Arthure,  MS.  Lincoln,  f.  87. 

PREFULLY.    Sorrowfully.    (A.-S.) 
And  seyd  with  herte  ful  drefulfy, 
Lorde,  Ihow  have  on  me  mercy. 

MS,  Hart,  1701,  f  77- 


DREGGY.    Full  of  dregs.    (A.-S.) 

DREGH.    Suffered.    Weber,  iii.  103.    Dregfa, 

as  dree,  Morte  Arthure,  Lincoln  MS. 
DREGHE.  (1)  On  dreghe,  at  a  distance. 
Thane  the  dragone  on  dreghe  dressede  hym  ajaynoz. 
Morte  Arthure,  MS.  Lincoln,  f.  61. 

(2)  Long.  Also,  length.  "  Alle  the  dreghe  of 
the  daye,"  MS.  Morte  Arthure. 

The  kynge  was  lokyd  in  a  felde 
By  a  ryver  'brode  and  dreghe. 

MS.  Harl.  2252,  f.  11& 

DREGISTER.    A  druggist.    Suffolk. 

DREINT.    Drowned    (A.-S.) 

And  sodeyneliche  he  was  outthrowe, 
And  draynt,  and  tho  bigan  to  bio  we 
A  wynde  mevable  fro  the  londe. 

Cfower,  MS.  Soc.  Antiq.  134,  f.  68. 

DREMEL.    A  dream.     (A.-S.) 

DREME-REDARE.  An  expounder  of  dreams. 
(A.-S.} 

DREMES.    Jewels.    (Dut) 

DRENCH.  A  drink,  or  potion.  Ritson,ii.  139. 
Still  in  use.  See  Moor,  p.  113.  It  also  oc- 
curs in  Florio,  p.  60. 

DRENCHE.  To  drown ;  to  be  drowned.  (A.-S.) 
Drenched,  Leg.  Cathol.  p.  18.  Hence,  some- 
times, to  destroy. 

DRENCHING-HORN.  A  horn  for  pouring 
physic  down  an  animal's  throat. 

DRENG.    Drink.    Audelay,  p.  18. 

DRENGE.    To  drag.     Hearne. 

DRENGES.  A  class  of  men  who  held  a  rank 
between  the  baron  and  thayn.  Haveloh,  The 
ordinary  interpretation  would  be  soldiers. 

DRENGY.     Thick;  muddy.    North. 

DRENKLED.    Drowned.    Langtoft,  p.  170. 

DUE  NT.    Same  as  dreint,  q.  v. 

DREPE.  (1)  To  drip,  or  dribble.  East.  To 
drop  or  fall,  Cov.  Myst.  p.  170. 

(2)  To  kill,  or  slay.    (A.-S.) 

DREPEE.  A  dish  in  old  cookery,  composed 
chiefly  of  almonds  and  onions. 

DRERE.  Sorrow.  Spenser.  "  And  dreri  we- 
ren,"  were  sorrowful,  Leg.  Cath.  p.  7.  Drery, 
Sir  Isumbras,  63,  89. 

DRERILY.    Sorrowfully.    (A.-S.) 

He  dresses  hym.  drerily,  and  to  the  duke  rydes. 

Morte  Arthure,  MS.  Lincoln,  f.  84. 

DRERIMENT.    Sorrow.    Spenser. 

DRERINESSE.    Affliction.    (A.-S.) 

DRERYHEAD.    Grief;  sorrow.    Spenser. 

DRESH.    To  thrash.     Var.  dial. 

DRESHFOLD.    A  threshold.     Chaucer. 

DRESS.  To  set  about;  to  prepare;  to  clean 
anything,  or  cleanse  it  from  refuse  ;  to  adorn  ; 
to  harness  a  horse ;  to  renovate  an  old  gar- 
ment ;  to  set  anything  upright,  or  put  it  in  its 
proper  place ;  to  cultivate  land ;  to  go ;  to 
rise ;  to  treat ;  to  place ;  to  set. 

DRESSE.    To  address;  to  direct;  to  prepare; 
apply.    Dress4,  prepared,  armed,  Degrevant, 
1217.    See  Leg.  Cathol.  p.  40 ;  Minot,  p.  1 ; 
Maundevile,  p.  306;  Cov.  Myst.  p.  217- 
And  Salome*  devoutely  gan  hire  dresse 
Towarde  the  chylde,  and  on  hire  kneis  falle: 

Lytigate,  MS.  Soc.  dntiq.  134,  f.  II. 


DRI  3 

DRESSEL.    A  cottage  dresser.     West. 
DRESSER.    An  axe  used  in  coal-pits. 
DRESSING-BOARD.    A  dresser.    Pr.  Parv. 
DRESSING-KNIFE.  A  tool  used  in  husbandry 
for  rounding  borders,  &e.    North.    It  occurs 
in  Pr.  Parv,   apparently  meaning  a  cook's 
knife,  one  for  chopping  anything  on  a  dresser. 
Dressyngcnyvus,  Reliq.  Antiq.  i.  86. 
DRESTALL. "  A  scarecrow.    Devon. 
DRESTE.    To  prepare.    (A.-N.) 

I  rede  yow  dreste  the  therfore,  and  drawe  no  lytte 
langere.  '      Morte  Anhure*  MS.  Lincoln,  f.  59. 

DRESTIS.    Dregs;  lees.     (A.-S.) 
DRESTY.    Full  of  dregs.     (A.-S.) 
DRETCHE.     Same  as  drecche,  q.  v.     It   also 
means  to  dream  or  to  be  disturbed  by  dreams. 
And  preyed  hyr  feyre,  and  gan  to  saine, 
That  sohe  no  longere  wolde  dretche. 

Gower,  MS.  Bib.  PubL  Cantab. 
DRETCHING.    Delay.     ((A.-S.)    Dretchijnge, 

trouble,  vexation,  Morte  d' Arthur,  ii.  452. 
DREUL.    A  lazy  fellow.    Also,  to  fritter  away 

one's  time.    Devon. 

DREULER.    A  driveller;  a  fool.    Devon. 
DREURY.    Love ;  friendship.    (A.-N.) 
There  is  nevere  wynter  in  that  cuntre  •, 
There  is  al  mauer  dreury  and  rychesse 

MS.  Addit.  11305,  f.  106. 

DREVE.    To  pursue ;  to  keep  up.     West. 

So  long  they  had  ther  way  dreve, 
-   Tyll  they  come  upon  the  downe. 

MS.  Cantab.  Ff.  ii.  38,  f.  115. 
DUEVEDE.    Confounded.    Gawayne. 
DREVELEN.    To  drivel.     (A.-S.) 
DREVIL.    A  drudge ;  a  low  fellow ;  a  servant. 
DREVY.    Dirty;  muddy.    North. 
DREW.    Threw.     Weber. 
DREWE.    Love ;  friendship.    (A.-N.) 
DREWRIES.    Jewels ;  ornaments.    Ritson. 
DREWS  ENS.    Dregs ;  refuse.    Devon. 
DREWJE.    Drew ;  reached. 

Hys  herd  was  both  hlake  and  rowje, 
And  to  hys  gyrdell  sted  it  drew$e. 

MS.  Aihmole  61. 
DREYDE.    Dried.    Somerset. 

And  as  he  myjtehis  clothis  dreyde, 
That  tie  no  more  o  worde  he  seyde. 

Gower,  MS.  Soc.  Antiq.  134,  f.  89. 

DREYFFE.  To  drive ;  to  follow.   See  the  Frere 

and  the  Boy,  st.  33. 
DRE3E,    Same  as  Dree,  q.  v. 

The  foules  flotered  tho  on  heje, 
And  fel  whenne  thei  myjt  not  dreg<?. 

Cursor  Mundi,  MS.  Coll.  Trin.  Cantab,  f.  12. 
DRE3LY.    Vigorously?     Gawayne. 
DRIB.  (1)  To  shoot  at  short  paces.    See  Lilly's 
Sixe  Court  Comedies,  ed.  1632,  sig.  R.  ii.    It 
is  a  technical  term  in  archery.    See  Collier's 
Shakespeare,  ii.  17. 

(2)  A  driblet,  or  small  quantity.    Sussex. 

(3)  To  chop ;  to  cut  off.    De/cker. 
DRIBBLE.  (1)  A  drudge ;  a  servant.    North. 
(2\  An  iron  pin.   A  carpenter's  term. 

(3)  To  drizzle,  or  rain  slowly.    West. 
DRIBLET.  Anything  very  small:  a  child's  tov. 

,Var.  fiat. 
DKIDGE.    To  sprinkle.    Lane. 


k»  DHI 

DRIDLE.    An  instrument  used  for 

bowls  or  wooden  cups. 
DRIE.    To  suffer ;  to  endure.    (A.~S.) 
Ne  the  peyne  that  the  prest  shal  drye* 
That  haunteth  that  synne  of  leccherye. 

MS.  Harl,  1701,  f.  54. 
He  smote  as  faste  as  he  myght  drye, 
The  elvysch  kny3t  on  the  helme  so  hye. 

MS.  Cantab.  Ff.  ii.38,  f.  222. 
DRIED-DC/\VN.    Thoroughly  dried.    See  Har- 
rison's Descr.  of  England,  p.  169. 
DRIEN.    To  be  dry,  thirsty.    (A.-S.) 
DRIFE.     To  drive ;  to  approach.    (A.-S.) 
Into  my  cart-hows  thei  me  dryfe, 
Out  at  the  dur  thei  put  my  wyfe. 

MS.  Cantab.  Ff.  v.  48,  f.  48. 
Thus  to  dethe  ye  can  hym  dryfe. 

MS.  Cantab,  Ff.  ii.  38,  f.  47. 
DRIFLE.    To  drink  deeply.    North. 
DRIFT.  (1)  A  drove  of  sheep.    North.    Some- 
times, a  flock  of  birds,  &c. 

(2)  A  kind  of  coarse  sleeve,  generally  made  of 
silk.     HowelL 

(3)  A  diarrhoea.    Somerset. 

(4)  A  green  lane.    Leic. 

(5)  Road-sand.     Glouc. 

(6)  Drift  of  the  forest  is  an  exact  view  or  exa- 
mination what  cattle  are  in  the  forest,  to  know 
whether  it  be  overcharged,  &c.    Blount. 

DRIFTER.    A  sheep  that  is  overlaid  in  a  drift 

of  snow.    North. 

DRIFTES.    Dregs.    Ord.  and  Reg.  p.  471. 
DRIGGLE-DRAGGLE.    A  great  slut ;  sluttish. 

See  Florio,  pp.  72,  100,  612. 
DRIGH.    Long ;  tedious.    Also,  to  suffer.    See 

dree,  and  Gy  of  Warwike,  p.  444. 
DRIGHT.    The  Lord.     (A.-S.) 
DRIGHTUPS.    A  boy's  breeches.     North. 
DRIHE.   To  endure.    (A.-S.) 

For  as  me  thenketh,  I  myght  drihe 
Without  slepe  to  waken  ever, 
So  that  I  scholde  noght  dissever 
Fro  hir  in  whom  is  al  ray  lyght. 

Gower,  MS.  Cantab.  Ff.  i.6,  f.66. 

DRIKE.    To  abie  or  repent.   (A.-S.) 
DRILING.    Wasting  time ;  drawling.     West. 
DRILL.  (1)  To  decoy,  or  flatter.    Devon. 

(2)  To  drill  along,  to  slide  away.    Kent. 

(3)  A  large  ape,  or  baboon.    Blount. 

(4)  To  twirl,  or  whirl.    Devon. 

(5)  A  small  draught  of  liquor.    Pr.  Parv. 
DRIMBLE.    To  loiter.    Dorset. 
DRIMMEL.    To  suffer  pain.    Somerset. 
DRINDLE.  (1)  To  dawdle.    Suffolk, 

(2)  A  small  drain  or  channel.    East. 
DRINGE.    To  drizzle  with  rain.    East. 
DRINGETT.    A  press,  or  crowd.     Devon. 
DRINGING,    Sparing;  miserly.    Devon. 
DRINGLE.    To  waste  time ;  to  dawdle.    West. 
DRINK.  (1)  Small  beer.    West. 
(2)  A  draught  of  liquor.    Var.  dial.    To  get  a 

drink,  i.  e.  to  drink. 

}  To  absorb,  or  drink  up.    East. 

[4)  To  abie,  or  suffer.    Cotgrave. 

(5)  To  smoke  tobacco.   Jonson. 
DRINKELES.  Without  drink.  (A.-S.)  "Jtotlie 

drvnkles  they  dye,"  MS.  Morte  Art'inire. 


DRO 


319 


BRINKHAIL.  Literally,  drink  health.  (A.-S.) 
It  was  the  pledge  word  corresponding  to  was- 
saile.  See  Gloss,  to  R.  Glouc,  p.  696.  Bera- 
frynde,  already  noticed,  belongs  to  the  same 
class  of  words.  It  was  the  custom  of  our  an- 
cestors to  pledge  each  other  with  a  variety  of 
words  of  the  like  kind,  and  instances  may  be 
seen  in  Hartshorne's  Met.  Tales,  pp.  48,  308. 

DRINKING.  A  collation  between  dinner  and 
supper.  See  the  French  Alphabet,  1615,  p. 
132  ;  Welde's  Janua  Linguarum,  1615,  p.  39. 
The  term  is  now  applied  to  a  refreshment  be- 
twixt meals  taken  by  farm-labourers. 

DRINKING-TOWEL.    A  doily  for  dessert. 

DRINKLYN.    To  drench,  or  drown.  Pr.  Parv. 

DRINK-MEAT.  Boiled  ale  thickened  with  oat- 
meal and  bread.  Salop. 

DRINK-PENNY.  Earnest  money.  See  Dr. 
Dee's  Diary,  p.  45.  Drinking-money -,  Florio, 
p.  64  ;  Cotgrave,  in  v.  Draguinage. 

DRINKSHANKERE.    A  cup-bearer.    (A.-S.) 

DRINKY.    Drunk.    Par.  dial 

DRIP.  Anything  that  falls  in  drops ;  petrefac- 
tions ;  snow.  North. 

DRIPPER.   A  small  shallow  tub.     West, 

DRIPPING-HORSE.  A  wooden  standing  frame 
to  hang  wet  clothes  on.  Far.  dial. 

DRIPPINGS.  The  last  milk  afforded  by  a  cow. 
Salop. 

DRIPPING-WET.    Quite  soaked.    Far.  dial 

DRIPPLE.   Weak;  rare.    Wore. 

DRIPPTE.    Dropped.    (A.-S.) 

DRISH,    A  thrush.  Devon. 

DRISS.    To  cleanse ;  to  beat.    North. 

DRISTER.    A  daughter.    Craven. 

DRITE.  (1)  Dirt;  dung.  (^.-£)  A  term  of 
great  contempt,  as  in  Havelok,  682. 

(2)  To  speak  thickly  and  indistinctly.  North. 
No  doubt  connected  with  drotyne,  q.  v. 

DRIVE.  (1)  To  drizzle ;  to  snow.    North. 

(2)  To  procrastinate.    Yorfoh.     To  drive  off,  a 
very  common  phrase. 

(3)  Impetus.    Also,  to  propel.    West.    In  early 
poetry,  to  advance  very  quickly* 

(4)  To  follow ;  to  suffer.    (4.-S.) 

(5)  To  drive  forth,  to  pass  on.   To  drive  abroad, 
to  spread  anything.    To  drfve  adrift,  to  ac- 
complish any  purpose.  To  drive  pigs,  to  snore. 

DRIVE-KNOR.    A  bandy-ball.     North. 
DRIVEL*     Same  as  dreoil,  q.  v. 
DRIVELARD.    A  low  fellow ;  a  liar. 
DRIWERIE.    Friendship.    (^.-JV.) 
DRIZZLE.  (1)  A  Scotch  mist.     Var.  dial    To 

rain  gently,  to  fall  quietly. 
(2 )  A  very  small  salt  ling.    North. 
DRO.    To  throw.    Somerset. 
DROAT.    A  throat.    Somerset. 
DROATUPS.    A  leather  strap  under  the  lower 

part  of  a  horse-collar.    South. 
DROBLY.    Dirty ;  muddy.    Pr.  Parv. 
DROBYL.   To  trouble;  to  vex. 

So  sal  paybes  and  sorowe  drobyl  thaire  thoght. 

Hdrtpole,  MS.  Bmues,  p.  214. 

DROCK.  A  water  course.  Wilts.  To  drain 
with  underground  stone  gutterfc.  Glouc, 


DRODDUM.    The  breech.    North. 

DRODE.     Thrown.     Somerset. 

DROFF.  (1)  Threw.     Weber. 

'2)  Dregs ;  refuse.     North. 

(3)  Drove ;  rushed ;  passed.     (A.-S.) 

DROFMAN.     A  herdsman.     (Lot.) 

DROGHE.     Drew ;  retired ;  brought. 
Then  was  that  mayde  wo  y-nogh, 
To  hur  ehaumbur  shehur  droghe* 

MS.  Cantab.  Ff.  ii.  38,  f.  100. 

DROGHTE.    A  drought.    (A.-S.) 

DROGMAN.     An  interpreter.     (A^N.) 

DROIE.  A  drudge,  or  servant.  North.  Stubbe 
has  this  word  in  his  Anatomie  of  Abuses, 
1595.  See  Malone's  Shakespeare,  xviii.  42; 
Tusser's  Husbandry,  p.  256. 

DROIGHT.    A  team  of  horses.    North. 

DROIL.  A  drudge.  North.  "A  knave;  a 
slave  ;  a  droyle  or  drudge  subject  to  stripes," 
Nomenclator,  p.  518.  Also,  the  dirty  work. 

DRO-IN.  To  strike.  To  dro-in  sheaves,  to 
carry  them  together  in  parcels.  South. 

DROITS.    Rights ;  dues.    Kent. 

DROKE.  A  filmy  weed  very  common  in  stand- 
ing water.  Kent. 

DROLL.  To  put  off  with  excuses.  East. 
Playing  the  droll,  making  a  fool  of  any  one. 

DROLLERY.  A  puppet-show.  Sometimes,  a 
puppet.  "  A  living  drollery,"  Shak. 

DROMBESLADE.    A  drummer. 

DROMON.  A  vessel  of  war.  (A.-N.)  See 
Kyng  Alisaunder,  90;  Arthour  and  Merlin, 
p.  5 ;  Gy  of  Warwike,  p.  94 ;  Morte  d? Arthur, 
i.  137  ;  Weber,  iii.  397. 

Dresses  drortiuwndes  and  dragges,   and  drawene 
upe  stonys.  Morte  Arthw  e,  MS.  Lincoln,  f.  91 

DROMOUNDAY.    A  war-horse.    (A.-N.) 

DRONE.  (1)  A  drum.    Eliz.  Yor*. 

(2)  To  drawl.     North.  * 

DRONG.  (1)  A  narrow  path.     West. 

(2)  Drank ;  absorbed.    (A<-S.} 

DRONING.  (1)  An  affliction.     (A.-S.} 

(2)  A  lazy  indolent  mode  of  doing  a  thing. 

Brockett,  p.  103.    Hence  may  be  explained 

Jon  son's  phrase  of  droning  a  tobacco-pipe. 
DRONKE.    Drowned.    (A.-S.) 
DRONKELEW.      Drunken;    given  to   drink. 

(A.-S.)     See  Reliq.  Antiq.  i.  298  ;  Pr.  Parv. 

p.  133  ;  Piers  Ploughman,  p.  156. 

It  is  no  schame  of  suche  a  tliewe, 
A  3onge  man  to  be  drutikelewe. 

Gower,  MS.  Soc.  Antiq.  134,  f.  177. 

DRONKEN.     Drank,  pi.     (A.-S.)     Also  the 

part.  past,  as  in  Chaucer. 
DRONKEN  AND.     Intoxicating.    (A.-S.) 
DRONKLED.  Drowned.  Langtoft,  pp.  43, 106. 
DRONNY.     A  drone.    SMton. 
DROO.    Through.    West. 
DROOL.    To  drivel.    Somerset. 
DROOPER.     A  moody  fellow.     West. 
DROOT.     One  who  stutters.    Pt.  Parv. 
DROP.  (1)  A  reduction  of  wages.     North. 
(2)  Midswmvner  drop,  that  portion  of  fruit  whicli 

falls  at  Midsummer.    South. 
DROP-BOX.    A  money-box.     Craven. 
DROP-DRY.    Watertight.    North. 


DRO 


320 


BRU 


DROP-DUMPLINGS.  A  spoon  pudding,  each 
spoonful  of  batter  being  dropt  into  the  hot 
water,  so  forming  a  dumpling.  East. 

DROPE.  (1)  To  drop,  or  run  down.    East. 

(2)  A  crow.     Yorksh. 

(3)  To  baste  meat.    Pegge. 

DROPES.    Ornaments  on  the  jackets  formerly 

•worn  by  mummers. 
DROP-GALLOWS.     A  foul-mouthed  person. 

East. 
DROP-HANDKERCHIEF.     A  game  at  fairs, 

also  called  kiss-in-the-rinc:. 
DROPJN.     To  beat.     I.  Wight. 
DROPMELE.     By  portions  of  drops.     (A.~S.) 
DROP-OUT.     To  fall  out ;  to  quarrel.    West. 
DROPPERS.      Persons  who   drop   grains    of 

pease,  &c.  into  the  holes  made  by  the  dribbles. 

Var,  dial. 

DROPPING.    Weeping.     Gerard. 
DROPPINGS.  (1)  An  early  apple.     YorlcsJi. 
(2)   The   dung  of  birds.       Var.   dial     "The 

muting,  or  droppings  of  birds,"  Cotgrave. 
DROPPING-THE-LETTER.      A  boy's   game, 

mentioned  in  Moor's  Suffolk  Words,  p.  238. 
DROPPING-TIME.    Rainy  weather.     West. 
DROPPY.    Wet ;  rainy.    North. 
DROPS.     To  take  one's  drops,  to  drink  exces- 
sively of  spirits.    North. 
DROP-VIE.    A  term  in  gambling,  the  same  as 

the  revy.     Florio,  p.  442. 
DROPWORT.    Theherb/Ja>«irfufe. 
DROPYK.    The  dropsy ;  dropsy-sick. 
DRORE.    A  dish  in  old  cookery,  composed 

chiefly  of  almonds  and  small  birds. 
DROSE.   To  gutter,  as  a  candle.  Drosed,  soiled 

as  a  candlestick  is  from  a  candle  that  gutters. 

Kent.    Also  spelt  drosle. 
DROSINGS.    Dregs  of  tallow.    Kent. 
DROSS  ELL.    A  slut ;  a  hussy.    Warner. 
DROSS-WHEAT.    The  inferior  wheat  left  after 

dressing.    Suffolk. 
DROSTY.    Full  of  dross.    Warw. 
DROSYv    Very  brittle.    Devon. 
DROT.   A  moderated  imprecation.    South. 
DROTYNE     ""j  speak  indistinctly ;  to  stammer. 

Pr.  Parv      c  is  still  used  in  the  North  under 

the  form     >te.    See  Brockett,  p.  103. 
DROU.    Tt   Iry.    Escmoor. 
DROUCHIP.    Drenched.    Suffolk. 
DROUGHF.    Drew.   (A.-S.)   Drouh,  Langtoft, 

p.  32.    Drw,  Amadas,  74. 

A  riche  tombe  they  dyd  bydight, 
A  crafcy  clerke  the  lettres  droughe. 

MS.  Harl.  2252,  f.  98. 
DROUGHT.  (1)  A  passage.     West. 
(2)  A  team  of  horses.    North. 
DROUGHTY.     Thirsty,    Heref. 
DROUK.    To  drench ;  to  soak.    North. 
DROUKENING.  A  slumber.  W.  Mapes,  p.  334. 
DROUMY.    Dirty ;  muddy.    Devon. 
DROUNSLATE.     A  drummer.    This  term  oc- 
curs in  a  diary  in  MS.  Cott.  Vesp.  A.  xxv. 
DROUNT.    To  drawl.   Northumb. 
DROUPEN.     To  droop,  or  look  sickly.    Salop. 

In  Pr.  Parv.  to  lie  hid  secretly. 


DROUPNYNGE.    A  slumber.    (7*7.) 
DROUTH.     Thirst;  dryness.     North.      "The 

druthe  lond,"  the  dry  land,  Otuel,  p.  45. 
DROVE.  (1)  A  path,  or  road.    West. 

(2)  To  pursue  j  to  rex.    (A<-S.) 

(3)  Driven.     /  'ar.  dial. 

DROVY.      Dirty.      (A.-S.)     "Itchy,    scabby, 

lousy,  or  all  three,"  Forby. 
DROVYNG.    Distress ;  vexation.  (A.-S.) 
DROW.     To  dry ;  to  throw.    West. 
DROWBULLY.    Troubled  ;  thick;  dribbly. 
DROWD.     Thrown.     Wilts. 
DROWE.    Drew;  went    (A.-S.) 

Swythe  further  in  the  foreste  he  drrnve. 

MS.  Cantab.  Ff.  ii  38,  f.  64 
DRO  WEN.    Driven.    Warton,  i.  88. 
DROWGHTE.    Dryness.    (A.-S.) 
DROWKING.    Faint  with  thirst.    North. 
DROWN.    To  soak  clothes.     North. 
DROWN  ED-LAND.    Marshes.    Jonson. 
DROWNED-RAT.    A  simpleton.    "  As  wet  as  a 

drowned  rat,"  i.  e.  very  wet. 
DROWNING-BRIDGE.   A  sluice-gate ;  a  pen- 

stock  for  overflowing  meadows.     Wilts. 
DROWNNE.    To  make  sad.    (A.-S.) 
Why  drawes  you  so  one  cireghe, 
Thow  droivnnes  rayne  herte. 

Morte  Arthure,  Line.  MS.  f.  94. 
DROWRYIS.    Jewels ;  ornaments. 
DROWSE.    To   gutter.      See  Drose.      Hence 

drowsen,  made  of  tallow.    Kent. 
DROWSYHED.    Drowsiness.    Spenser. 
DROWTY.    Dry ;  dusty.   Derbysh. 
DROWY.    To  dry.    Somerset. 
DROW3.    Drew  out.  (A.-S.) 

Then  made  the  scheperde  right  glad  chere, 
When  he  the  silver  droiv$. 

MS.  Cantab.  Ff.  v.  48,  f.  53. 

DROXY.  Rotten.    West. 

DROY.  (1)  To  wipe,  or  clean.    Lane. 

(2)  A  thunderbolt.  This  provincialism  occurs  in 

Aubrey's  Wilts,  Royal  Soc.  MS.  p.  35. 
DROZE.  To  beat  severely.  East.  Hence  droziny, 

a  very  severe  drubbing. 
DROZEN.  Fond ;  doating.  Nort?i. 
DR03EN.  Drew.    Gawayne. 
DR03T.   Drought ;  dryness.   (A.-S.) 
DRU.   Through.   Devon. 
DRUB.  To  throb ;  to  beat.  Drubbing,  a  very  se- 
vere beating.    Var.  dial. 
13RUBBULNESSE.  Thickness,  applied  to  liquor 

or  soups  of  any  kind. 
DRUBBY.   Muddy.   Northumb. 
DRUBS.   Slates  among  cinders.   North. 
DRUCK.  To  thrust  down ;  to  cram;  to  press. 

Somerset. 

DRUCKEN.  Drunk;  tipsy.   North. 
DRUDGE.  A  large  rake.  Also,  to  harrow.  West, 
DRUE.    Dry.     "Drink  the  pot  drue,"  i.  e. 

empty  it.   North. 
DRUERY.   Gallantry ;  courtship.   (A.-N.)    See 

Rob.  Glouc.  p.  191 ;  Gy  of  Warwike,  p.  33. 

Also,  sometimes,  a  mistress.    It  apparently 

means  the  result  of  love,  in  MS.  Addit.  12195. 

The  Virgin  is  styled    •'  Cristes  drurie/7-  in 

Arthour  and  Merlin,  p.  312. 


DRU 


321 


DRY 


And  then  for  grete  druery, 
I  let  the  erle  lygge  me  by. 

MS.  Cantab.  Ff.  ii.  38,  f.  138- 

DRTJFFEN.    Drunk;  tipsy.   North. 
DRUG.  (1)  A  timber-carriage.  East. 

(2)  To  dry  slightly.  Sussex. 

(3)  Damp ;  moist.  /.  Wight. 
DRUGEOUS.   Huge ;  very  large.  Devon. 
DRUGGE.   To  drag.   (A.-S.) 
DRUGGER.   A  druggist.  Earle. 
DRUGGERMAN.    An  interpreter. 
DRUGSTER.  A  druggist.    Var.dial. 
DRUID'S-HAIR.   Long  moss.    Wilts. 
DRUIVY.   Overcast;  muddy.   Cuw 3. 
DRUM.  (1)  To  beat  soundly.    We*t, 

(2}  The  cylindrical  part  of  anything. 

(3)  Tom  or  John  Drum's  Entertainment,  a 
phrase  signifying  ill-treatment,  or  turning  an 
unwelcome  guest  out  of  doors. 

DRUMBELO.    A  dull  heavy  fellow.  Earn. 

DRUMBLE.  To  be  sluggish ;  to  be  confused  in 
doing  anything ;  to  mumble.  West.  It  occurs 
in  Shakespeare. 

DRUMBLE-BEE.   A  humble-bee.   Nash. 

DRUMBLED.    Disturbed  ;, muddy.   North. 

DRUMBLE-DRONE.  A  drone.  Metaphori- 
cally, a  stupid  person.  West. 

DRUMBLE  S.  He  dreams  drumoles,  i.e.  he  is 
half  asleep  or  stupid.  Norf. 

DRUMS  OW.  A  dingle,  or  ravine.  CJiesh.  Also 
called  a  drumble. 

DRUMLER.  A  small  vessel  of  war,  chiefly  used 
by  pirates.  Cotgrave. 

DRUMLEY.  Muddy;  thick.  Hence,  confused. 
Also,  slowly,  lazily.  North. 

DRUMMING.  (1)  A  good  beating.    West. 

(2)  Palpitating.  "  Drumming  hearts." 

DRUMMOCK.  Meal  and  water  mixed.   North. 

DRUMSLADE.  A  drum.  See  Becon,  p.  449  ; 
Hall,  Henry  VIII.  ff.  58,  80;  Elyot,  in  v. 
Symphoniachus. 

DRUMSLAGER.  A  drummer.  Drumsted  occurs 
in  the  Ord.  and  Reg.  p.  256. 

DRUN.  A  narrow  passage.    Wilts. 

DRUNGE.  A  pressure,  or  crowd.    Wilts. 

DRUNK.    The  darnel  grass.  North. 

DRUNKARD'S-CLOAK.  A  tub  with  holes  in 
the  sides  for  the  arms  to  pass  through,  for- 
merly used  in  Newcastle  for  the  punishment 
of  scolds  and  drunkards. 

DRUNKESCHIPE.  Drunkenness.   (A.-S.) 

So  that  upon  his  drunkeschipe, 

They  bounden  him  with  chaynis  faste. 

Gotoer,  MS.  Soc.  Antiq.  134,  f.  128. 

jDRUNKWORT.  Tobacco.  Minsheu. 

DRUNT.  A  pet,  or  bad  humour.  North. 

DRUPY.  Drooping. 

Sche  fonde  the  lady  alle  drupy, 
Sore  wepyng  and  swythe  sory. 

MS.  Cantab.  Ff.  ii.  38,  f.  245. 

DRURIES.  Same  as  Drowryis,  q.  v.  "  Druries 
riche  and  dere,"  Gy  of  Warwike,  p.  274. 

DRURY.  Dreary.   Also  as  Druery,  q.  v. 

DRUSS.   A  "slight  slope.  I.  Wight. 

DRUV.    Driven.    Var.dial. 

DRUVE.  A  muddy  river.   Cumb. 


DRUVY.   Thick ;  dirty.   North. 
DRUYE.   Dry.  (A.-S.) 
DRWRERY.    Same  as  druery,  q.  v. 
DRY.  (1)  Thirsty.    Var.  dial 

(2)  To  leave  off  milking  a  cow,  when  she  gives 
little  milk.  North. 

(3)  Genuine  ;  unadulterated.   North. 

(4)  Not  sweet.   "  A  dry  wine."    Var.  dial 

(5)  Same  as  Dree,  q.  v.  Perceval,  358. 

(6)  Crafty;  subtle.    Var.  dial. 

(7)  Disappointed ;  cast  down.    North.   This  is 
given  as  a  Scotch  term  in  MS.  Cott.  Galba  C. 
ix.  f.  275. 

(8)  Hard ;  severe ;  as,  "  a  dry  blow." 

(9)  To  wipe  anything  dry.    Var.  dial. 
DRY-BOB.    A  joke.  "  'Huade  seiche,  a  dry-bob , 

jeast,  or  nip,"  Cotgrave. 
DRYCHE.    To  frighten ;  to  terrify. 

And  thane  scho  said,  naye,  I  am  a  spirit  of  pur- 
gatorye,  that  walde  hafe  helpe  of  the,  and  noghte  a 
spirit  of  helle  to  dryche  the. 

MS.  Lincoln  A.  i.  17,  f.  25J. 
DRY-COMMUNION.    A   nick-name    for   the 
Nicene   Creed,    very   common   at  the  Re- 
formation. 
DRY-CRUST.    A  miser.  Minsheu.    Huloethas 

dry-fellow  in  the  same  sense. 
DRYD.  Dread.   Christmas  Carols,  p.  16. 
DRYE.   Same  as  dree,  q.  v. 
DRYFANDE.   Driving;  coming.  (^.-£) 
Hym  dremyd  of  a  dragon  dredfulle  to  beholde, 
Come  dryfandt  over  the  depe  to  drenschen  hys  popJe. 
Morte  Arthur et  MS,  Lincoln,  f,6l. 
DRYFAT.    A  box,  packing-case,  or  large  basket. 
See  Cotgrave,  in  v.  Enfonser  ;  Arch.  xxi.  472 ; 
Burgon's  Life  of  Gresham,  i.  141 ;  Tarlton, 
p.  99  ;  Nash's  Pierce  Peniless,  1592. 
DRY-FOOT.   A  term  in  hunting,  to  follow  the 
game  by  the  scent  of  the  foot.    See  Harrison's 
England,  p.  230. 
DRYGHE.   To  suffer.    See  Dree. 

Ther  for  thys  yche  peyne  y  dryghe, 
For  y  bare  me  yn  pryde  sohyghe. 

MS.  Harl.  1701,  f.  22. 

DRYGHTTENE.  The  Lord.   (^.-&) 

The  Di-yghttene  at  domesdaye  dele  as  hyme  lykes. 

Morte  Arthurs,  MS.  Lincoln,  f.  67- 
DRYHE.    On  dryhe,  backwards. 

Launcelot  than  hym  drew  on  dryhe, 
Hys  swerd  was  in  hys  hand  drawen. 

MS.  Harl.  2252,  f.  120. 

DRY-HEDGE.  A  bank  of  earth  thrown  up  as  a 

fence  between  inclosures. 
DRY-MEAT.    Hay.    Var.dial 
DRYNCHE.    Same  as  drenche,  q.  v. 
DRYNG.  To  drink.   (X-S.) 

Wot  na  dryng  wald  she  nane, 
Swa  mykel  soru  ad  she  tane, 

Guy  of  Warwick*  Middlehili  MS. 
DRYNGE.   To  throng.    See  Lybeaus  Disconus, 
340.     In  use  in  Devon,  according  to  Dr. 
Milks'  MS.  Glossary. 
DRYP.  To  beat;  to  chastise.  Satop. 
DRY-SALTER.  A  person  dealing  in  various  arti- 
cles for  dyeing. 

DRY-SCAB.  A  ring-worm.   'Palsgrave. 
DRYSSEDE.  Subdued.  (A.-S.) 

21 


DUG 


322 


DUG 


Danmarke  he  dryssede  alle,  by  drede  of  hymselvyne, 

Fra  S  wynne  unto  Swetherwyke  with  his  swrede  fcene. 

Morte  Arthure,  MS.  Lincoln,  f .  53. 

DRYTH.  Drought.  Huloet. 
DRYVE.    Driven.  Ritson. 
DRYYEN.  Drove  off.  Hearne. 
DRY-WALL.  A  wall  without  lime.    Var.dial 
DRYWERY.   Same  as -Drwery,  q.v. 
DRY3E.   Calm ;  patient ;  enduring.  Gawayne. 
DUABLE.  Convenient. ;  proper.  Leic. 
DUARY.  A  widow's  dowry.   Pr.  Parv. 
DUB.  (1)  A  blow.    Var.  dial 

(2)  He  who  drank  a  large  potion  on  his  knees 
to  the  health  of  his  mistress  was  formerly 
said  to  he  dubhed  a  knight,  and  remained  so 
the  rest  of  the  evening.    Shakespeare  alludes 
to  this  custom. 

(3)  A  small  pool  of  water ;  a  piece  of  deep  and 
smooth  water    in    a   rapid   river.     North. 
"  Spared  neither  dub  nor  mire,"  Robin  Hood, 
i  106.    Sometimes,  the  sea. 

(4)  To  cut  off  the  comb  and  wattles  of  a  cock. 
See  Holme's  Armory,  1688. 

(5)  To  dress  flies  for  fishing.   Var.  dial. 

(6)  To  dress,  or  put  on  armour.    (A.-S.) 

(7)  To  strike  cloth  with  teasels  in  order  to  raise 
the  flock  or  nap.   Glouc. 

DUB-A-DUB.  To  beat  a  drum.  Also,  the 
blow  on  the  drum.  "  The  dub-a-dub  of  ho- 
nor," Woman  is  a  Weathercock,  p.  21,  there 
used  metaphorically. 

DUBBED.  (1)  Blunt;  not  pointed.   South. 

(2)  Created  a  knight.    (^.-S.)     "  The  tearme 
dubbing  is  the  old  tearme  for  that  purpose," 
Harrison's  Descr.  of  England,  p.  159. 

(3)  Clothed;  ornamented.   (A.~S.) 

The  whylk  es  als  a  cytfe  bryght, 
With  alkyn  ryches  dubbed  and  dyght 

Hampole,  MS.  Bowes,  p.  223. 
His  dyademe  was  droppede  downe, 
Dubbyde  with  stonys. 

Horte  Arfhurej  MS.  Line.  f.  88. 
DUBBERS.     Trimmers  or  binders  of  books  ? 

See  Davies'  York  Records,  p.  238. 
DUBBING.  (1)  A  kind  of  paste  made  of  flour  and 
water  boiled  together,  used  by  cotton  weavers 
to  besmear  the  warp. 

(2)  A  mixture  of  oil  and  tallow  for  making  lea- 
ther impervious  to  the  water.  North. 

(3)  Suet.  Somerset. 

(4)  A  mug  of  beer.   Wilts. 

DUBBY.  Dumpy ;  short  and  thick.   West. 
DUBEROUS.    Doubtful.    West.    Perhaps  the 

more  usual  form  of  the  word  is  dubersome. 
DUBLER.   SeeDoubler. 
DUBLI.  To  double.  (A.-S.) 
DUBONURE.   Courteous ;  gentle.   (A.-N.) 
The  clerke  seyd,  lo  !  one  here, 
A  trew  man  an  a  dubonure. 

MS.  Hart.  1701,  f.  39. 

DUBS.  Doublets  at  marbles.  A  player  knock- 
ing two  out  of  the  ring  cries  dubs,  to  au- 
thorize his  claim  to  both.  Also,  money. 

DXJB-SKELPER.  A  bog-trotter.   North. 

DUC.  A  duke,  or  leader.  The  second  example 
illustrates  Shakespeare's  "  Duke  Theseus." 


The'  Tyryenes  was  so  ferde  bycause  of  the  decide 
of  Ealane  thaire  due,  that  thay  ne  durste  noghte 
turne  agayne,  ne  defende  the  wallez. 

MS.  Lincoln  A.  i.  17,  f.  0. 
Tolde  and  affermed  to  due  Theseus, 
With  bolde  chere  and  a  plein  visage. 

Lydgate's  Bochat,  MS.  Hatton  2. 

DU-CAT-A-WHEE.  God  preserve  you!  A 
phrase  of  corrupt  Welsh,  occasionally  occur- 
ring in  some  old  plays. 

DUCDAME.  The  burden  of  an  old  song  occur- 
ring in  Shakespeare,  and  found  under  the  form 
Dusadam-me-me  in  a  MS.  in  the  Bodleian 
Library.  See  a  paper  by  me  in  Shak.  Soc. 
Pap.  i.  109. 

DUCED.  Devilish.    Var.dial 

DUCHERY.   A  dukedom.   (4.-N.) 

That  daye  ducheiyea  he  delte,  and  doubbyde  knvghttes. 
Morte  Arthurs,  MS.  Line 

DUCK.  (1)  To  stoop,  or  dip.  Var.dial.  ".v>.^ 
bow ;  and  the  substantive,  a  bow. 

(2)  To  support,  or  carry  any  one.    Wes. , 

(3)  To  dive  in  the  water.    Devon. 
DUCK-AND-DRAKE.  A  game  played  1  • 

ing  shells  or  stones  along  the  surfa     -  -    ' 
water.    It  is  alluded  to  by  severe'1    i  ,  *\?\ 
writers,   as   by   Minucius   Felix,   q     •'«''/ 
Brand,  ii.  247.  "  A  kind  of  sport  or  .  ,•    vri;* 
an  oister  shell  or  a  stone  throwne    ,   -    \ 
water,  and  making  circles  yer  it  sir '  ,\  ,    »c  r 
is  called  a  ducke  and  a  drake,  aj      i    -.it- 
penie  cake,"  Nomenclator,  p.  299      -j  I-  »o 
markable  that  the  same  words  are    JM     , 
If  the  stone  emerges  only  once,  i",    _s     „.<•,  ,„ 
and  increasing  in  the  following  ord 

2.  A  duck  and  a  drake. 

3.  And  a  half-penny  cake. 

4.  And  a  penny  to  pay  theol    ;  7"*  _• 
,5.  A  hop  and  a  scotch 

Is  another  notch, 
6.  Slitherum,  slathemm,  tak'    -*•  % 
From  this  game  probably  originat*  -i .  u  •.  i  < !  t  >     r 
of  making  ducks  and  drakes  with  *  .L  *  > ' .  3  •  M  , . 
i.  e.  spending  it  foolishly.     An  o  ri;*  ij, - .;    *..- 
of  this  phrase  may  be  seen  in  Su  *\S*  i '    it- 
ing  Island,  Sig.  C.  iv. 

DUCKER.  A  kind  of  fighting-cock, 

DUCKET.  A  dove-cot.   North. 

DUCK-FRIAR.  The  game  of  leap-iV« » t  ^  e  •*  hr 
play  of  Apollo  Shroving,  1627,  }<  *  ; 

DUCKING-STOOL.   See  OticMnf '-*/&.  , 

DUCKISH.   Dusk  or  twilight.   lv<-  >j 

DUCKLEGGED.   Having  short  legs,  p'ar.dial. 

DUCK-OIL.   Water ;  moisture.    Far.  dial 

DUCKS-MEAT.  "  A  kinde  of  weades  hovering 
above  the  water  in  pondes  or  stangnes," 
Huloet,  1552. 

DUCKSTONE.  A  game  played  by  trying  to 
knock  a  small  stone  off  a  larger  one  which 
supports  it.  The  small  stone  is  called  a 
drake,  and  the  stone  flung  at  it  is  called  the 
duckstone. 

DUCK-WHEAT.  Red  wheat.  A  Kentish  word 
in  Cotgrave's  time,  in  v.  Bled. 

DUCKY.  A  woman's  breast.   North. 


DUG 


323 


DUL 


DUCTQR.  The  leader  of  a  band  of  music,  an 
officer  belonging  to  the  court. 

DUD.  (1)  Set ;  placed.   (^.-S.) 

Sche  toke  the  ryng  yn  that  sterte, 
And  yn  hur  puree  sche  hyt  dud. 

MS.  Cantab.  Ff.  ii.  38,  f.  142. 

(2)  A  kind  of  coarse  wrapper  formerly  worn  by 
the  common  people,  "  Dud  frese,"  Skelton, 
i.  121.  A  rag  is  called  a  dud  in  the  North. 
Buddies,  filthy  rags,  Pilkington,  p.  212.  Dudes 
is  a  cant  term  for  clothes.  Hence,  dudman,  a 
scarecrow  or  ragged  fellow, 

DUDDER.  (1)  To  shiver.   Suffolk. 

(2)  To  confuse ;  to  deafen  ;  to  amaze ;  to  con- 
found with  noise.  Wilts.  "  All  in  a  dudder," 
quite  confounded. 

DUDDLE.  (1)  To  wrap  up  warmly  and  unne- 
cessarily ;  to  cuddle.  East. 

(2)  To  make  lukewarm.   North. 

(3)  A  child's  penis.    I'CLT.  dial. 
DUDDY.   Ragged.   North. 
DUDE.   Done.   Somerset. 
DUDGE.  A  barrel.    Wilts. 

D UD  GE ON.  The  root  of  box,  of  which  handles 
for  daggers  were  frequently  made,  and  hence 
called  dudgevn-hafted-daggers,  or  sometimes 
dudgeon-daggers,  or  dudgeons.  The  handle 
itself  is  called  the  dudgeon  in  Macbeth,  ii.  1. 
Hence,  -according  to  Gifford,  anything  homely 
was  called  durfffeon,  wooden-handled  daggers 
not  being  used  by  the  higher  rank  of  persons. 
Dudgeon  wood  is  mentioned  in  the  Book  of 
Kates,  p.  35,  Brit.  Bibl.  ii.  402,  not  a  coarse 
stuff,  as  Mr.  Dyce  says,  Beaum.  and  Fletcher, 
v.427. 

DUDMAN.  See  Dud  (2).  "  A  dudman,  quasi 
deadman,  larva,  a  scarecrow,"  Milles  MS. 

DUDS.    Rags;  dirty  clothes.    Far.  dial. 

DUDYN.   Did.    Weber. 

DUELLE.  To  remain.  "Make  jone  fende 
duelle"  I  e.  kill  him,  Perceval,  632.  Duellyde, 
remained  absent.  It  also  means  to  listen  or 
attend  to  a  narrative. 

We] come,  cure  liege  lorcte !  to  lang  has  thow  duellyde. 
Morte  Arthure,  MS.  Lincoln,  f.  66. 

DUELLO.  Duelling.  An  Italian  word  fre- 
quently appropriated  by  some  of  our  old  dra- 
matists. See  Nares.  in  v. 

DUEN.  To  endue,  or  endow.   (^.-JV.) 

DUERE.   Dear.    Reliq.  Antiq[.i.  110. 

DUETEE.  Duty.   (A.-N.) 

DUFF.  (1) 'Dough;  paste.  North. 

(2)  To  strike.  Also,  a  blow.  Deem. 

(S)  A  dark-coloured  clay.  Kent. 

(4)  To  fall  heavily ;  to  sink.    West. 

(5)  To  daunt ;  to  frighten.   South. 
DUFFEL.    A  strong  and  very  shaggy  cloth,  ma- 
nufactured chiefly  in  Yorkshire. 

DUFFER.  A  pedlar ;  applied  exclusively  to  one 
who  sells  women's  clothes.  South, 

DUFFIT.  A  sod.  North. 

DUFFY-DOWS.  Dove-cot  pigeons.  East. 

DUG.  (1)  The  female  breast.  Var.  dial.  It  was 
formerly  the  common  term.  See  Markham's 
Countrey  Fame,  folLond.  1616,  p.  168. 


(2)  To  stoop ;  to  bow.  Devon. 

(3)  To  dress ;  to  prepare.    A  orth. 

(4)  To  gird,  or  tuck  up.  Exmoor. 
DUGGED.  Draggletailed.   Devon. 
DUGGLE.   To  cuddle.    Suffolk. 
DUGH.  To  be  able.   North. 

DUKE.  A  captain,  or  leader.  (Lat.)  See  the 
extracts  given  under  JDuc. 

DUKE-HUMPHREY.  To  dine  with  Duke  Hum- 
phrey, i.e.  to  have  no  dinner  at  all.  This 
phrase,  which  is  nearly  obsolete,  is  said  to 
have  arisen  from  part  of  the  public  walks  in 
Old  St.  Paul's  called  Duke  Humphrey's  Walk, 
where  those  who  were  without  the  means  of 
defraying  their  expenses  at  a  tavern  were 
accustomed  to  walk  in  hope  of  procuring  an  in- 
vitation. 

DUKKY.  The  female  breast.  See  a  letter  of 
Hen.  VIII.  given  in  Brit.  Bibl.  ii.  85. 

DULBAR.  A  blockhead.  North.  The  term  dul~ 
berhead  is  also  used  in  the  same  sense. 

DULCARNON.  This  word  has  set  all  editors  of 
Chaucer  at  defiance.  A  clue  to  its  meaning 
may  be  found  in  Stanihurst's  Descr.  of  Ireland, 
p.  28, — "  these  sealie  soules  were  (as  all  dul- 
carnanes  for  the  more  part  are)  more  to  be 
terrified  from  infidelitie  through  the  paines  of 
hell,  than  allured  to  Christianitie  by  the  joies 
of  heaven." 

DULCE.  Sweet ;  tender.  "  A  strumpets  lipps 
are  duke  as  hony,"  Scole  House  of  Women, 
p.  84.  Dulcelie,  State  Papers,  i.  732.  Hence 
dulcet,  as  in  Sbakespeare,  and  Optick  Glasse 
of  Humors,  1639,  p.  118. 

DULCIMELL.    A  dulcimer.  Florio. 

DULE.  (1)  An  engine  with  iron  teeth  for  sepa- 
rating or  cleaning  wool.  North. 

(2)  The  devil.    "Talk  of  the  dule  an  he'll  put 
out  his  horns,"  said  of  any  one  who  appears 
unexpectedly.    North. 

(3)  A  flock  of  doves.    Also,  the  sorrowful  moan 
made  by  those  birds. 

(4)  Thick;  double.  (A.-N.) 

Dukes  and  dusszeperis  in  theire  dule  cotes. 

Morte  strthwe,  MS.  Lincoln,  f.  98. 
DULE-CROOK.    (1)  An  ill-disposed  person. 

North. 
(2)   A  fly.    Also   called  the  Great  or  March 

Brown.     Craven. 
DULKIN.  A  dell.    Glouc. 
DULL.  (1)  Hard  of  hearing.    Var.  dial 
(2)  To  stun  with  a  blow  or  noise.   North, 
fa)  Dole ;  sorrow.  Tundale,  p.  42. 
(4)  The  dead  of  night ;  midnight. 
DULLAR.   A  stunning  or  uninterrupted  noise ; 

confusion.  Essex. 
DULLARD.    A  blockhead,  or  fool.    See  Dent's 

Pathway,  p.  323 ;  Brit.  BibLiv.  175. 
DULLE.  To  make,  or  grow  dull.  (4.-$.}  Dullid, 

Gesta  Romanorum,  p,  58. 
DULLER.  To  sorrow  with  pain.  Suffolk 
DULLING.   A  foolish  person.   West. 
DULLIVE.  A  remnant.  Line. 
DUJLLOR.    A  dull  and  moaning  noise,  or  tiie 

tune  of  some  doleful  ditty.   East. 


DUN 


324 


DUN 


DULLYTRIPE.   A  slattern.    Wanv. 

DULSOME.  Heavy ;  dull*    Far.  dial 

DULWILUY.    A  species  of  plover,   East. 

DUM.  When  a  goose  or  a  duck  has  nearly  laid 
its  quantity  of  eggs,  and  is  about  to  begin  to  sit 
upon  them,  she  plucks  off  part  of  her  own 
feathers  to  line  her  nest.  This  is  called  dum- 
ming  it.  Suffolk.  The  down  or  fur  of  an 
animal  is  also  so  called. 

DUMB.     To  make  dumb.     ShaJs. 

DUMB-CAKE.  A  cake  made  in  silence  on  St. 
Mark's  Eve,  with  numerous  ceremonies,  by 
maids,  to  discover  their  future  husbands,  fully 
described  in  Hone's  Every  Day  Book,  i.  523. 
It  is  made  of  an  egg-shellful  of  salt,  another 
of  wheat-meal,  and  a  third  of  barley-meal. 

DUMB-FOUND.      To  perplex,  or  confound. 

Far.  dial. 
DUMBLE.  (1)  Stupid;  very  dull.     Wilts. 

(2)  A  wooded  dingle.     Var.  dial. 

(3)  To  muffle,  or  wrap  up.     Suffolk. 
DUMBLEDOKE.  (1)  A  humble-bee.    Devon, 

(2)  A  beetle,  or  cockchafer.    South. 

(3)  A  stupid  fellow.     Somerset. 
DUMBLE-HOLE.     A  piece  of  stagnant  water 

in  a  wood  or  dell.     Salop. 

DUMBMULL.    A  stupid  fellow.     Glouc. 

DUMB-SHOW.  A  part  of  a  dramatic  repre- 
sentation shown  pantomimically,  chiefly  for 
the  sake  of  exhibiting  more  of  the  story  than 
could  be  otherwise  included ;  but  sometimes 
merely  emblematical.  Nares. 

DUMB-WIFE.  A  dumb  person,  who  is  thought 
in  Cumberland  to  have  the  gift  of  prescience, 
and  hence  a  fortune-teller  is  so  called. 

DUM-CRAMBO.  A  child's  game,  mentioned 
in  Moor's  Suffolk  Words,  p.  238. 

DUMMEREL.     A  silent  person.    Harvey. 

DUMMERHEAD.    A  blockhead.     South. 

DUMMIL.    A  slow  jade.    Salop. 

DUMMUCK.    A  blow,  or  stroke.    East. 

DUMMY.  A  silent  person.  In  three  handed 
whist,  the  person  who  holds  two  hands  plays 
dummy. 

DUMP.  (1)  A  meditation.    Also,  to  meditate. 

(2)  A  clumsy  medal  of  lead  cast  in  moist  sand. 
East. 

(3^  To  knock  heavily ;  to  stump.     Devon. 

(4)  Astonishment.   Minsheu. 

(5)  A  melancholy  strain  in  music.     To  be  in  the 
dumps,  i.  e.  out  of  spirits.     There  was  also  a 
kind  of  dance  so  called.    It  is  alluded  to  in 
Gosson's  Schoole  of  Abuse,  1579.     To  put  one 
to  the  dumps,  to  drive  him  to  his  wit's  ends. 

(6)  A  deep  hole  of  water,  feigned  to  be  bottom- 
less.    Grose. 

DUMPISH.     Stupid ;  torpid.     Devon. 

DUMPLING.     A  fat  dwarf.     Var.  dial 

DUMPS.     Twilight.     Somerset. 

DUMPTY.    A  very  short  person.     West. 

DUMPY.  (1)  Short  and  thick.     Var.  dial. 

(2)  Sullen;  discontented.     North. 

DUN.  As  dull  as  Dun  in  the  mire.  Dun  was 
formerly  the  name  of  a  horse  or  jade,  not  a 
jackass,  as  conjectured  by  Tyrwhitt.  To  draw 


Dun  out  of  the  mire,  an  old  rural  pastime  de- 
scribed by  Gilford,  Ben  Jonson,  vii.  283. 
Dun  in  the  mire,  i.  e.  embarrassed  or  reduced 
to  a  strait.  Dun  is  the  mouse,  a  proverbial 
saying  of  rather  vague  signification,  alluding 
to  the  colour  of  the  mouse ;  but  frequently 
employed  with  no  other  intent  than  that  of 
quibbling  on  the  word  done.  See  Nares,  in  v. 
It  seems  sometimes  to  be  equivalent  to 
the  phrase  still  as  a  mouse.  To  dun,  to  be 
importunate  for  the  payment  of  an  account, 
a  word  that  came  into  use  in  the  seventeenth 
century,  and  is  said  to  have  its  origin  from 
Dun,  a  famous  hangman.  This  personage  is 
alluded  to  in  Cotton's  Works,  ed.  1734,  p. 
117,  but  I  think  the  explanation  doubtful.  To 
ride  the  dun  horse,  to  dun  a  debtor,  is  given 
in  the  Craven  Glossary,  i.  123. 

DUNBIRD.  Some  kind  of  bird  mentioned  in 
Harrison's  Descr.  of  England,  p.  222. 

DUNCE.  A  nickname  for  Duns  Scotus,  made 
good  use  of  by  Butler.  See  also  Wright's 
Monastic  Letters,  p.  71. 

DUNCH.  (1)  To  give  a  nudge.  Cuml.  "Dun. 
chyne  or  bunchyne,  tnndo,"  Pr.  Parv. 

(2)  Deaf;  dull.    Var.  dial.    "  Deafe  or  hard  of 
hearing,"  Batman  uppon  Bartholome,  1582. 
Dunch passage,  a  blind  dark  passage, 
What  with  the  smoke  and  what  with  the  criez, 
I  waz  amozt  blind  and  dunch  in  mine  eycz. 

AfS.  Asftmole  3G,  f  112. 

DUNCH-DUMPLING.  Hard  or  plain  pudding 
made  of  flour  and  water.  West. 

DUNCUS.  A  kind  of  weed.  Line.  Possibly 
connected  with  A.-S.  Tun-caers,  garden  cress. 

DUNDER.     Thunder,  or  tempest.     West. 

DUNDERHEAD.  A  blockhead.  Var.  dial. 
In  Devon  is  also  heard  the  term  dunderpott. 

DUNDERSTONES.    Thunderbolts. 

The  extreme  pressure  towards  the  center  must 
have  the  like  effect ;  hence  proceed  the  subterranean 
fires,  volcanos  and  chymlstry  of  nature,  e.  g.  Ditn- 
derstones,  which  appeare  plainly  to  have  been 
melted  as  artificially  as  regulus  of  antimony. 

Aubrey's  Wilts,  MS.  Royal  S<  c.  p.  112. 

DUNDUCKITYMUR.   An  indescribable  colour, 

but  rather  dull.    Suffolk. 
DUNDY.    Dull  in  colour.    East. 
DUNED.    Bent;  bowed.    Hearne. 
DUNELM-OF-CRAB.    A  dish  of  a  gouty  coin- 

plexion.    See  Brockett,  in  v. 
DUNG.  (1)  Struck  down.    Salop. 
(2)  Beaten ;  overcome.     North. 
'3)  Reflected  upon.     Craven. 
4)  Bread,  corn,  and  the  other  productions  of 

the  earth  are  sometimes  so  called  by  our  early 

writers. 

DUNGAL.     Extremely  noisy.     North. 
DUNGEON.  (1)  The  principal  tower  or  keep  of 

a  castle.    Prisoners  were  kept  in  the  lower 

story,  and  hence  the  modern  term  applied  to 

a  close  place  of  confinement. 
(2)  A  shrewd  fellow.    Also,  a  scold.    North, 

The  adjective  is  dungeonalle. 
DUNGEVIL.    A  dung-fork.    Salop. 
DUNGFARMER.    A  jakes-cleanser.    North. 


DUN 


325 


DUR 


DUNG-GATE.     A  passage  for  filthy  water,  or 

dung,  from  a  town.    East. 
DUNGHILL-QUEAN.    A  draggletailed  wench  ; 

one  who  is  very  sluttish.    Florio,  p.  100. 
DUNG-MERES.     Pits  where  dung  and  weeds 

are  laid  to  rot  for  manure. 
DUNGOW-DASH.     Dung;  filth.     Chesh. 
DUNG-PIKE.     A  dung-fork.     Lane. 
DUNG-POT.      A  cart  for  carrying  dung.     /. 

Wight.   "  Donge  pottes,"  Unton  Invent,  p.  9. 
DUNGY.    Cowardly.     Wilts.     Also,  tired. 
DUNHEDE.   Qu.dimhede? 

Also  thou  seest  the  uble"  is  thynne, 
And  grete  dunhede  ys  none  therynne. 

MS.  Hart.  1701,  f.  67- 

DUNK-HORN.  The  short  blunt  horn  of  a 
beast.  Dunk-horned,  sneaking,  shabby,  an 
allusion  to  cuckoldom.  East. 

DUNKIRKS.  Privateers  of  Dunkirk,  frequently 
alluded  to  by  the  old  dramatists. 

DUNKITE.  A  kind  of  kite.  See  Harrison's 
Description  of  England,  p.  227. 

DUNLING.    A  kind  of  snipe.     Line. 

DUNMOW.  A  custom  formerly  prevailed  at 
Little  Dunmow  in  Essex  of  giving  a  flitch  of 
bacon  to  any  married  man  or  woman  who 
would  swear  that  neither  of  them,  in  a  year  and 
a  day  from  their  marriage,  ever  repented  of 
their  union.  This  custom  was  discontinued 
about  1763.  The  metrical  oath  sworn  on  the 
occasion  is  given  by  Hearne  and  others.  The 
claiming  of  the  flitch  at  this  village  is  of  high 
antiquity,  being  alluded  to  in  Chaucer,  Cant. 
T.  5800 ;  Piers  Ploughman,  p.  169 ;  MS.  Laud. 
416,  written  temp.  Hen.  VI.  See  also  Howell's 
English  Proverbs,  p.  21 ;  MS.  Sloane  1946,  f. 
23  ;  Brand's  Pop.  Antiq.  ii.  112  ;  Edward's  Old 
English  Customs,  p.  1 ;  Lelandi  Itin.  iii.  5-9  ; 
MS.  Ashmole  860,  p.  117 ;  MS.  Savii.  47,  f. 
63  ;  Selections  from  Gent.  Mag.  i.  140-2. 

DUNNA.     Do  not.     Var.  dial 

DUNNER.     Thunder.     Cocaygne,  39. 

DUNNOCK.  The  hedge-sparrow.  North.  See 
Cotgrave,  in  v.  Mari ;  Harrison,  p.  223. 

DUNNY.     Deaf ;' stupid;  nervous.     West. 

DUNPICKLE.    A  moor  buzzard.    North. 

DUNSEPOLL.    A  stupid  fellow.    Devon. 

DUNSERY.  Stupidity.  "  Crafty  dunsery," 
Return  from  Parnassus,  1606. 

DUN  SET.    A  small  hill.    Skinner. 

DUNSH.  Paste  made  of  oatmeal  and  treacle, 
with  or  without  caraway  seeds  and  other 
spices.  Yorhsh. 

DUN  STABLE.  Plain  language  was  frequently 
called  plain  Dunstable,  and  anything  plain,  or 
homely  was  said  to  be  in  DunstaUe  way,  in 
allusion  to  the  proverb,  "  as  plain  as  Dun- 
stable  high-way,"  Howell,  p.  2 ;  MS.  Sloane 
1946,  f.  4. '  See  Ford's  Works,  ii.  466 ;  Tarl- 
ton,  p.  109 ;  Florio,  pp.  17,  85. 

DUNSTICAL.  Stupid.  Nash's  Pierce  Peni- 
lesse,  1592.  Dunsicall,  Thorns'  Anec.  and 
Traditions,  p.  9. 

DUNT.  A  blow,  or  stroke.  "  With  ys  dunt," 
R.  Glouc.  p.  17;  Ellis,  ii.  326;  Kyng  Alk 


saunder,  1505.    Also,  to  confuse  by  noise,  to 
stupify.     East.    Hence,  stupid,  dizzy. 

DUNTED.    Beaten.    Northumb. 

DUNTER.     A  porpoise.     North. 

DUNTON'S-ROUND.  An  old  dance,  alluded 
to  in  Howell's  Arbor  of  Amitie,  1568. 

DUNT-SHEEP.  A  sheep  that  mopes  about 
from  a  disorder  in  the  head.  East. 

DUNTY.  Stupid;  confused.  Kent.  It  also 
sometimes  means  stunted ;  dwarfish. 

DUNVALIE.  Tawny.  (A.-S.)  "  Y-cast  the 
dunvalie  gome  to  grounde,"  MS.  Rawl.  Leg. 

DUP.  "  To  dup,  doup,  or  doe  open,  to  open  the 
door."  Wilts.  MS.  Lansd.  1033.  This  is 
the  meaning  in  Shakespeare.  It  now  gene- 
rally signifies  to  do  up,  to  fasten. 

DUPPE.    Deep.     Const.  Freem.  p.  29. 

DUR.  (1)  Durst.    Langtoft. 

(2)  A  door.     (A.-S.) 

Out  at  the  rfwrthei  put  my  wyfe 
For  she  is  oldegray  hore. 

MS.  Cantab.  Ff.  v.  48,  f.  48. 

DURANCE.  Duration.  There  was  a  kind  of 
durable  stuff,  made  with  thread  or  silk,  so 
called,  and  it  is  frequently  alluded  to,  often 
with  a  play  upon  the  word,  as  in  Cornwallyes 
Essayes,  1632,  no.  13.  See  also  the  Book 
of  Rates,  p.  35. 

DURC.    Dark.    St.  Brandan,  pp.  2,  32. 
DURCHEDE.    Darkness.    (4.-S.) 
DURDUM.    Same  as  dirdam,,  q.  v. 
DURE.  (1)  Hard,  or  severe;  difficult.     (LaL) 
11  To  telle  hir  botonus  were  dure,"  MS.  Line. 
(2)  To  endure.     (A.-N.)     Still  in  use. 

My  joye  whylys  that  ray  lyf  maye  dui «, 
To  love  you  beste  withouten  repentaunce. 

MS.  Cantab.  Ff.  i.  6,  f.  13K 
And  at  London  it  begane  after  10,  30  m,  and  am-ad 
till  almost  on.  MS.  Ashmole  284,  f.  151. 

DUREFUL.     Lasting.     Spenser. 
DURESSE.     Hardship;  severity;  harm;  con- 
tinuance ;  imprisonment.     (A.-N.) 

And  many  a  man  and  many  a  worthi  knyjt 
Weren  slayii  there,  and  many  a  lady  brijt 
Was  wedowe  made  by  duresse  of  this  wer. 
MS. 

DURETTY.    The  same  as  Durance,  q.  v. 
DURGAN.     A  dwarf.     West. 
DURGAN-WHEAT.    Bearded  wheat.    Kent. 
DURKE.     To  laugh.    Northumb. 
DURN.     A  door  or  gate-post.     Var.  dial 
DURNE.     To  dare.    Pr.  Pan. 
DURRE,  (1)  Dare ;  durst.     Hearne. 
(2)  A  door.     See  Dur. 

He  lokkyd  the  durre  wyth  a  keye, 
Lytull  he  wende  for  to  dye. 

MS.  Cantab,  Ff.  ii.  38,  f.  117. 
Dwres  and  wyndows  she  fonde  sparred  soo, 
That  sche  myghte  not  come  hym  to. 

MS.  Ibid.  f.  130. 
The  wallis  semyd  of  gold  brijt, 
With  durris  and  with  toures  strong. 

MS.  Cantab.  Ff.  v.  48,  f.  68. 

DURRE-BARRE.    A  door-bar. 

A  dwre-baire  toke  he  thoo, 
And  to  ser  Befy&e  anon  he  yede. 

MS.  Cantab.  Ff.  ii.  38,  f.  10* 


BUY 


'326 


DYK 


DURRYDE.  A  kind  of  pasty,  make  of  onions, 
chickens,  and  spice. 

DUKSE.    To  dress  ;  to  spread.    North. 

DURST.    To  dare-.     Var.  dial 

DURSTEDE.    Thirsted.    Ritson. 

DURTMENT.     Anything  useless.    North. 

DURWE.    A  dwarf.    Weber,  Hi.  327. 

DURYN.    Hard,    ffearne. 

DURZE.  To  durze  out,  spoken  of  corn  so  ripe 
that  the  grains  fall  out  very  easily,  far.  dial. 

DUSCLE.     The  herb  solatrum  nigrum. 

DUSH.  To  push  violently ;  to  move  with  velo- 
city. North. 

For  thare  sal  be  swylk  raryng  and  ruschyng, 

And  rawmpyng  of  deeveles  and  dynggyng  and  duschyng. 
Hampole,  MS.  Bowes,  p.  214. 

DUSKED.  Grew  dark,  or  dim.  (A.-S.)  Meta- 
phorically tainted,  as  in  Stanihurst,  pp.  13, 24. 

DUSSENT.     Dare  not.     Var.  dial. 

DUSSET.    A  blow,  or  stroke.     West. 

DUSSIPERE.   A  nobleman.     (A.-N.} 

DUST.  (1)  The  small  particles  separated  from 
the  oats  in  shelling.  Far.  dial. 

(2)  Tumult ;  uproar.    Also,  money. 

(3)  Pounded  spice.    Palsgrave. 

(4)  To  dust  one's  jacket,  to  give  any  one  a  good 
thrashing.     Far.  dial. 

DUST-POINT.  A  game  in  which  boys  placed 
their  points  in  a  heap,  and  threw  at  them  with 
a  stone.  Weber  and  Nares  give  wrong  expla- 
nations. It  is  alluded  to  in  Cotton's  "Works, 
1734,  p.  184. 

He  venter  on  their  heads  my  brindled  cow, 
With  any  boy  at  dust-point  they  shall  play. 

Peacham's  Thalia's  Banquet,  1620. 

DUSTYFATS.    Pedlars.    Jacob. 

DUSTYPOLL.  A  nickname  for  a  miller.  "  A 
myller  dustypoll,"  Cocke  Lorelles  Bote,  p.  3. 

DUT.    An  animal's  tusk.    (A.-S.) 

DUTCH.  White,  or  Dutch  clover.  Dorset. 
She  talks  Dutch,  i.  e.  she  uses  fine  and  affected 
words.  Dutch  concert,  a  great  noise ;  also, 
a  game  so  called. 

DUTCH-CLOAK.  A  short  cloak  much  worn 
by  the  gallants  of  Elizabeth's  time. 

DUTCH-GLEEK.  A  jocular  term  for  drinking, 
alluding  to  the  Dutch  drunkards. 

DUTCH-MORGAN.  The  horse-daisy.  /.  Wight. 

DUTCH-WIDOW.    A  courtezan.    Dekker. 

DUTE.    Pleasure.    Cocaygne,  9. 

DUTEE.    Duty.    (A.-N.) 

DUTFIN.    The  bridle  in  cart-harness.    East. 

DUTTE.    Doubted;  feared.     Gawayne. 

DUTTEN.    Shut;  fasten.    Ritson. 

DUTTY.    A  kind  of  fine  cloth. 

DUYC.    A  leader.     (A-N.) 

And  whenne  Alexander  herde  this,  he  remowede 
his  oste,  and  chese  owte  cl.  of  rfz/ycs  that  knewe  the 
cuntree,  for  to  hafe  the  governance  of  his  oste,  and 
to  ledetharae  seurly  thurgh  that  strange  cuntree. 

MS.  Lincoln  A.  i,  17,  f.  27. 

DUYRE.    To  endure.     Weber. 

PUYSTRE.    A  leader. 

Here  ordre  is  of  so  hyje  a  kynde, 
That  they  hen  duystres  of  the  wey. 

Goiuer,  MS.  Soc.  Antiq,  134,  f.  45. 


DUYSTRY.    To  destroy.    Audelay,  p.  23. 

DUZEYN.    A  dozen.     Weber. 

DUZZY.     Slow ;  heavy.     CJiesh. 

DU3TY.   Doughty.    (A.-S.)    "  That  shulde  be 

dujty  mon,"  MS.  Cantab.  Ff.  v.  48,  f.  128. 
DWAIN.    Faint;  sickly.    East.    Also,  a  faint- 

ing  fit  or  swoon. 

DWALE.     The   night-shade.     (4.-S.)     It  is 
highly  narcotic,  and  hence  used  to  express  a 
lethargic  disease.    See  Reliq.  Antiq.  i.  324, 
for  a  curious  receipt  in  which  it  is  mentioned. 
There  was  a  sleeping  potion  so  called,  made 
of  hemlock  and  other  materials,  which  is  al- 
luded to  by  Chaucer,  and  was  given  formerly 
to  patients  on  whom  surgical  operations  were 
to  be  performed.     To  dwale,  to  mutter  de- 
liriously ;  a  Devonshire  verb,  which  seems  to 
be  connected  with  the  other  terms. 
Whenne  Joseph  had  tolde  this  tale, 
Thei  fel  as  thei  had  dronken  dwale, 
Grovelynge  doun  on  erthe  plat. 

Cursor  Mundi,  MS.  Cull.  Trin,  Cantab,  f.  107. 
For  I  wol  knowe  be  thy  tale, 
That  thou  hast  dronken  of  the  dwale. 

Gower,  MS.  Soc.  4ntiq,  134,  f.  179. 

DWALLOWED.    Withered.    Cumb. 
DWARFS-MONEY.    Ancient  coins    found  in 

some  places  on  the  coast.  Kent. 
DWELLE.   To  remain.     (A.-S.) 
Robyn,  dwel  not  long  fro  me, 
I  know  no  man  here  but  the. 

MS.  Cantab.  Ff.  v.  48,  f.  52, 

DWELLINGS.    Delays.   (A.-S.) 

DWERE.    Doubt.    Cov.  Myst. 

DWERUGH.    A  dwarf.    (A.-S.) 

DWILE.    A  refuse  lock  of  wool ;  a  mop  made  of 

them  ;  any  coarse  rubbing  rag.    East. 
DWINDLE.    A  poor  sickly  child.     Kent. 
DWINDLER.    A  swindler.     North. 
DWINE.  (1)  To  pull  even.   South. 
(2)  To  faint ;  to  pine ;  to  disappear ;  to  waste 
away.    Far.  dial 

Dethe  on  me  hathe  sett  hys  merke, 
As  gresse  in  medowe  y  drye  and  dwyne. 

MS.  Cantab.  Ff.  ii.  38,  f.  2. 
Thus  dwyneth.  he  tille  he  be  ded 
In  hindrynge  of  his  Owen  astate. 

Gower,  MS.  Soc.  Antiq.  134,  f.  125, 
DWINGE.     To  shrivel   and    dwindle.    East. 
"  Dwingle,"  Brome's  Songs,  ed.  1661,  p.  183. 
DWON.    Down.     Weber. 
DWYRD.     Taught ;  directed.    (A.-N.) 
DWTE.    A  debt,   Pr.  Parv. 
DYA.    Dyachylon.    (4.-N.) 
DYCH.    A  ditch ;  a  great  pit.    (A.-S.)    Also,  a 

mound,  dike,  or  bank. 
DYDER.    Thither.     Weber. 
DYDLE.    A  kind  of  mud-drag.   Norf. 
DYE-HOUSE.    A  dairy.    Glow. 
DYENTELY.    Daintily.    Skelton. 
DYFFAFE.    To  deceive.    (A.-N.)' 
Swylke  wyches  ere  for  to  wayfe, 
For  many  manne  thai  may  dyffbfi. 

R.  de  Brunne,  MS. 
DYGH.    To  die.    Hampole. 
DYK.    A  ditch.     (A.-S.) 
DYKKE.   Thick.   Ritson. 


EAG 


327 


EAR 


DYLDE.    To  reward ;  to  yield. 
DYLFE.    The  devil.    Dighy  Myst.  p.  70. 
DYLFULLE.   Doleful;  lamentable.    (A.-S.) 

The  emperoure  hath  tan  the  w.ty 
To  theknyght,  there  as  he  lay 
Besyde  the  dslfulle  thynge. 

ITS.  Cttntab.  Ff.  ii.  38,  f.  67- 
Evyr  lay  the  lady  faste  aslepe, 
A  dyifulle  swevyn  can  sche  mete.  MS.  Ibid.  f.  83. 
DYLL.    A  dele,  or  part.     Weber. 
DYMABLB.    Subject  to  tithes. 
DYMES.  Tithes.    (A.-N.} 
DYMOX.    A  sturdy  combatant.    East.    Per- 
haps this  word  is  derived  from  the  name  of 
Dymoke,  the  king's  champion. 
DYMYSENT.    A  girdle.     (A.-N.)     "  A  dymy- 

sent  of  gold,"  Test.  Vetust.  p.  435. 
DYNE.    Thine.    Ritson. 
DYNERE.    A  dinner.     (A.-N.) 

I  bade  felowes  to  ray  dt/nere. 

MS.  Cantab.  Ff.  v.  48,  f.  49. 

DYNET.    Dined.     (A.-N.} 

Joly  Hobyn  that  dynet  with  me 
Hase  behette  me  my  rnone. 

MS  Cantab.  Ff.  v,  48,  f.  01. 

DYNTAND.    Riding.     Towneky. 
DYODON.     Died,  pi.     Tundale,  p.  52. 
DYPPE.    Deep.     Tundale,  p.  13. 
DYRE.     Dear.     Chaucer. 

Farewelle,  dyre  herte,  chef  yn  remembraunce, 

And  ever  schalle  unto  the  oure  y  dy 

JUS  Cantab.  Ff.  i.  6,  f.  131. 

DYREN.     To  endure.     JFeber. 

DYSCET.     Deceit.     "  Fulle  of  dyscet,"  MS. 

Cantab,  Ff.  i.  6,  f.  140. 

DYSCOMWITE.    To  defeat.    Warton,  ii.  257. 
DYSCRYE.   To  describe.    (A.-N.) 
DYSE.    To  break  or  bruise.     (A.-N.} 
DYSEMOL.     Unfortunate.    (4.-S.) 
DYSGRATE,     Disgraced ;  degraded.    (Lot.) 
DYSHEIGHTEN,    To  disparage ;  to  disgrace.  \ 

Glouc. 


DYSKERE.    To  discover ;  to  betray. 

We  ne  wolde  ne\yr  to  you  dysTcei-e. 

MS.  Harl.  2252,  f.  10P. 

DYSKEVER.     See  DijsJcere.    The  MS.  of  the 
Erie  of  Tolous,  636,  reads  dyskevere. 
Messengere,  y  prey  the  do  me  ensewre 
That  thou  wylt  never  me  dyskever. 

MS.  Cantab.  Ff.  ii.  38,  f,  95, 
DYSMALE.    Ruin ;  destruction.     (A.-N.) 
DYSOTS.    The  flax  on  a  distaff.    West. 
DYSPARBLE.     To  disperse. 

Our  Lord  arysith,  and  his  enerays  be  dysparbled 

aboute,  and  fie  they  that  haten  him  fro  hys  visage. 

MS.  Bodl.  423,  f.  241. 

DYSPARYTABLE.     Unequalled.    (A.-N.) 
And  knowe  hym  as  God  Almyghte, 
That  was  for  me  man  dygparytable. 

MS.  Cantab,  Ff.  ii.  38,  f,  22. 

DYSPONSATE.    Set  in  order.     (Lett.) 
DYSPYTE.    Anger;  revenge.    (A.-N.) 
Of  hym  he  had  grete  dyspyte. 

MS.  Cantab.  Ff.  ii.  38,  f.  76. 

DYSSAYVE.    To  deceive.   (4.-N.) 

The  develle  entirs  than  by  fals  illuraynacyoni 
and  fals  sownnes  and  swetnes,  and  dyssayves  a  mans 
saule.  MS.  Lincoln  A.  i.  17,  f.  221. 

DYSTURBELAUNCE.  A  disturbance.  (^.-M) 
Large  conscience  makyth  a  dysturbelaunce. 

MS.  Cantab.  Ff .  i.  6,  f,  1CJ9, 
DYSWARY.    Doubt.    Cm.  Myst. 
DYTARE.    One  who  prepares.    Pr.  Parv. 
DYTH.    Dressed ;  prepared.    (A.-S.) 
DYTT.    Same  as  dit,  q.  v. 

The  seconde  profyt  of  anger  smerte, 

Is  that  anger  may  the  develys  mouthe  dytt, 

That  he  no  speche  may  speke  overtwhart. 

MS.  Cantab.  Ff.  ii.  38,  f.  14. 
DYVENDOP.    See  Dive-dapper. 
DYZE-MAN'S-DAY.    Childermas.    North. 
DY3E.    To  die.    (A.-S.) 

He  schall  treuly  have  my  curse, 
And  ever  schall  have  to  that  I  dyy. 

MS.  Ashmole  61,  f,  S6. 


El.  Craven. 
.     BA.  (1)  In;  and; yes.    North. 

(2)  Water.    East.    Genuine  A.-S.    Also,  a  river 
on  the  sands  by  the  sea  shore. 

(3)  One ;  one  of  several ;  each.     North. 

(4)  Law ;  right ;  equity.     Verstegan. 
EACE.    A  worm.    /.  Wight. 

EAGER.  (1)  Sour.    (Fr.)    Also,  sharp,  some- 
times applied  to  the  air.   See  Florio,  pp.  8,  69. 

(2^  A  peculiar  and  dangerous  violence  of  the 
tide  in  some  rivers,  supposed  to  be  caused  by 
the  vehement  confluence  of  two  streams,  or 
by  the  channel  becoming  narrower  or  shal- 
lower, or  both.  The  eager  in  the  river  Severn 
is  mentioned  byCamden,andmany  other  early 
writers.  The  boatmen  still  say,  "  ware  ager," 
when  any  danger  is  to  be  apprehended  from 
it.  Forby  mentions  several  other  instances 
in  various  rivers  in  England  and  France,  Ac- 
cording to  Kennett,  "  any  sudden  inundation 
of  the  sea  is  called  an  egor  at  Howden  in  York- 
shire," which  is  perhaps  the  sense  of  aJcer  in 
Cott.  MS.  quoted  in  v.  Acker. 
3)  Angry ;  furious  Nturth. 


EAGERSPIRED.     Same  as  Adcersprit*  q.  v. 

EAGLES S.    A  female  eagle.    Howell. 

EAK.  (1)  An  oak.    North. 

(2)  Eternity.    Scott. 

EALAND.    An  island.     Cr&oen. 

EALD.    Old.    Also,  age.    North. 

EALDREN.    Elderly.     North. 

EALE.    To  reproach.    Devon. 

EALING.     A  lean-to.    North. 

EAM,  (1)  An  uncle.  North.  In  common  use 
in  early  English.  It  is  applied  in  Yorkshire, 
says  Kennett,  to  any  friend  or  neighbour. 

(2)  To  have  leisure ;  to  spare  time.     Chesh. 

EAMBY.     Close  by ;  at  hand.     Chesh. 

E  AN.  To  bring  forth  young,  applied  more  par- 
ticularly to  ewes. 

BAND.    The  breath  or  spirit.    North. 

EANLINGS.    Lambs  just  bora.    Shak. 

EAPNS.    A  hatidfoL     Yorksk. 

EAR.  (1)  To  plough.    (A.-S.)    Hence  ear  able, 

•fit  for  cultivation  with  corn. 
2)  An  animal's  kidney.    East. 
'3)  A  place  wfeere  hatches  prevent  the  influx  of 
the  tide.    Somerset. 


EAS 


328 


ECH 


(4)  Honour.     Verstegan. 

(5)  The  handle  of  a  pot.     Var.  dial. 

(6)  Eare,  air.     Chester  Plays,  i.  22. 

(7)  To  set  together  by  the  ears,  i.  e.  to  quarrel. 
To  send  one  away  with  a  flea  in  his  ear,  i.  e. 
in  anger  or  disgrace.     To  be  up  to  the  ears, 
i.  e.  to  be  fully  engaged. 

EAR-BREED.  The  prominent  part  at  the  end 
of  a  cart.  North. 

EARD.     Earth,  or  ground.    North. 

EARFE.     Fearful ;  timorous.    North. 

EARIKE.    A  tax  paid  for  ploughing. 

BARING.  Ploughing,  or  cultivation.  Some- 
times, a  day's  ploughing.  Wilts. 

EARING-BAG-SKIN.  A  calf's  stomach,  from 
which  rennet  is  made.  North. 

EAR-KECKERS.  The  tonsils  of  the  throat. 
Somerset. 

EARLES.    Same  as  Arks,  q,v. 

EAR-MARK.    A  token,  or  signal.    North, 

EARMNESSE.    Poverty.     Verstegan. 

EARN.  (1)  To  curdle  milk.     North. 

(2)  Some  kind  of  clothing  or  dress.  See  Floddon 
Field,  ed.  1808,  p.  60. 

(3)  To  glean.    North. 

EARNDER.  The  morning,  or  forenoon. 
Thoresby  says,  "forenoon  drinking;"  and 
Grose  explains  it  the  afternoon.  Yor&sh. 

EARNE.  To  yearn.  See  Lilly,  ed.  1632,  sig. 
Dd.  ix;  King  and  Northerne  Man,  1640. 
Earnefull,  Misfortunes  of  Arthur,  p.  64. 

EARNEST.  (1)  To  use  in  earnest.    Nares. 

(2)  Deposit  money  given  to  bind  a  bargain,  or 
on  hiring  a  servant,  &c.  "  This  simple  token 
or  poore  earnest  peanie,"  Bibl.  Eliotse,  1559, 
ded,  See  Coverdale's  Works,  p.  384 ;  Florio, 
pp.  39,  81. 

EARNING.    Cheese-rennet.    North. 

EARSH.    A  stubble-field.    South. 

EART.    Sometimes.    Exmoor. 

EARTH.  (1)  To  lodge,  as  a  badger  does. 

(2)  A  day's  ploughing.     Var.  dial 

EARTH-CHESNUT.    A  kipper-nut.    Gerard. 

EARTHEQWAVE.    An  earthquake.     (A.-S.) 

EARTH-FAST-STONE.  A  stone  appearing  on 
the  surface,  but  fast  in  the  earth.  North. 

EARTHGALL.    The  larger  centaury.     West. 

EARTHLY.    Rough ;  austere.     Yorksh. 

EARTH-RIDGE.  A  few  feet  of  earth  round  a 
field  which  is  ploughed  up  close  to  the 
hedges,  and,  sometimes  after  having  produced 
a  crop  of  potatoes,  is  carried  out  into  the  field 
for  manure,  and  there  mixed  with  dung, 
8and,"&c. 

EARTH-STOPPING.  Stopping  up  the  holes 
of  foxes  previously  to  hunting  them. 

EARTH-TABLE.     The  lowest  course  of  stone 
that  is  seen  in  a  building,  level  with  the  earth. 
SeeW.  Wyrc.  p.282. 
EARWEORTHE.     Honourable. 
EARWIKE.    An  ear-wig.     Somerset. 
EARWRIG.    An  ear-wig.     Somerset. 
EARY.    Every.     Yorksh. 
EASEFUL.    Easy;  comfortable.    East. 
EASEMENT.     Ease;  relief.    South.     To   do 


one's  easement,  mingere.    A  house  of  ease- 
ment, a  jakes. 

EASEN.     The  eaves  of  a  house.     Westm. 

EASIFUL.     Placid;  indolent.      North. 

EASILIER.    More  easy.     Oxon. 

EASILY.     Slowly.     Yorksh. 

EASING-DROPS.     The  drops  of  water  from 
the  eaves  of  houses  after  rain.     North. 

EASINGS.  (1)  Dung ;  ordure.     North. 

(2)  The  eaves  of  a  house,     frorth. 

EASING-SPARROW.      The   common  house- 
sparrow.    Salop. 

EASLES.    Hot  embers.    Essex. 

EASTER.    The  back  of  a  chimney,  or  chimney- 
stock  ;  also  as  astre,  q.  v. 

EASTERLING.    A  native  of  the  Hanse  towns, 
or  of  the  East  of  Germany. 

EASY-BEEF.    Lean  cattle.'    North. 

EASY-END.     Cheap.     Craven. 

EATERS.     Servants.    Jonson. 

EAT-FLESH.    The  stone  sarcophagus. 

EATH.  (1)  Easy.     North. 

(2)  Earth.     Wilts. 

EATHELIC.     Easily.     Versiegan. 

EATHLY.    Easily.     Peele,  ii.  232. 

EATHS.     Easily ;  commonly.     Nares. 

EAT-OUT.  To  undermine  by  false  insinuations ; 
to  eat  too  much  at  another's  expense.   North, 

EATSEAGT.     Perjured ;  denied.     Fersteyan. 

EAVE.    To  thaw.    Devon. 

EAVELONG.     Same  as  Avelong,  q.  v. 

EAVER.    A  quarter  of  the  heavens.     North. 

SAVINGS.     The  eaves  of  a  house. 

EBANE.    Ebony.    Pr.  Parv. 

EBB.    Near  the  surface.     West. 

EBB-CRUSE.     A  cruse,  or  pot,  very  nearly 
empty.     See  Hall's  Satires,  vi.  1. 

EBBER.   Shallow.  (<£-£)    Bishop  Hall  speaks 
of  "  the  ebber  shore,"  Works,  1648,  p.  20. 

And  so  that  that  cure  la  we  domes  to  be  done  tille 
wikked  mene,  je  suffere  kyndely ;  and  thcrfore 
hym  that  we  halde  wyse,  je  halde  an  ebbere  fule. 

MS.  Lincoln  A.  i.  17,  f.  37. 
She  cried  and  made  muchel  dol, 
As  she  that  was  an  ebber  fol. 
Cursor  Mundi,  MS.  Coll.  Triv.  Cantab,  f  81, 

EBBLE.    The  asp  tree.    East.     WehaveeMe 
tre,  ebonus,  in  Prompt.  Parv.  p.  17.     "  Juse 
of  eble,"MS.Med.Linc. 
EBENE.    Ebony  wood.    Howett. 
E-BLAW.    Blown.    Audelay,  p.  13. 
EBRAIKE.     Hebrew.     Chaucer. 
EBREU.     Hebrew.     Maundevile. 
EBRIDYLLID.    Bridled.    Reliq.  Antiq.  ii.  27. 
EBUS.    Ebenezer.     Var.  dial 
ECCLESIAST.  An  ecclesiastical  person.   Also, 

the  Book  of  Ecclesiastes. 
ECCLES-TREE.    An  axle-tree.    East. 
ECHADELL.    Each  a  deal ;  i.  e.  the  whole. 
ECHE.  (1)  Each  one ;  every  one.     (//.-&) 
(2)  To  add  to ;  to  increase.    (d.-S.) 
Lenger  was  hit  not  tho  dayes. 
But  sith  men  that  aftur  wore 
Therto  eched  more  and  more. 
Cursor  Mundi,  MS.  Coll.  Trin.  Cantab,  f.  129L 


EEG  329 


EGA 


ECHESE.    To  choose.     See  AVarton,  i.  12. 
Loo  here  two  cofris  on  the  borde, 
Echesv  whiche  jow  liste  of  thoo  two. 

Gower,  MS.  Soc.  Antiq,  134,  f.  141. 

ECHT.    All.     Hearne. 

ECKLE.  (1)  A  woodpecker.     Var.  dial 

( 2)  To  aim  ;  to  intend ;  to  design.    North.    The 

usual  form  is  ettle. 
ECTASY.     Madness.    Shale. 
EDBORROWS-DAY.     St.  Edburge's  day. 
EDDER.   (1)   A  serpent;   an   adder.     (A.-S.) 

Still  in  use  in  the  North. 
(2)  The  binding  at  the  top  of  stakes  used  in 

making  hedges.     North. 
EDDERCOP.     A  spider.    Craven. 
EDDERING.     Same  as  Edder  (2). 
EDDERWORT.     The  herb  dragonwort, 
EDDTGE.     The  aftermath,     Derbysh. 
EDDISH.     Another  form  of  eddige,  but  more 

properly  the  stubble  in  corn  or  grass. 
EDDLE.    Putrid  water.    Northumb. 
EDDREN.    Adders.     (J.-S.) 
EDDY.    An  idiot.     Chesh. 
EDE.  (1)  Went.     (A.-S.) 
(2)  St.  Eadgithe,    Hampson,  ii.  105. 
EDER.    A  hedge.     Chesh. 
EDERIjYNG.     Relations.    (A.-S.) 
EDFEDRID.    Pleased ;  satisfied  with  ? 
EDGE.  (1)  The  side  of  a  hill ;  a  ridge.   As  Bid- 

dlestone  Edge,  &c.  in  the  North. 

(2)  To  stand  aside ;  to  make  way.     North. 

( 3)  To  set  on  edge,  as  one's  teeth,  &c. 

(4)  Edge  o'darJc,  evening.     Craven. 

(5)  To  harrow.     North. 
EDGE-LEAMS.    Edge  tools.     North. 
EDGLING.     Standing  on  one  end.     Warw. 
EDGREW.    Aftermath.     Chesh. 
EDIFYE.    To  build.    (A.-N.) 
EDIPPE.     (Edipus.     Chaucer. 

EDNE.    To  renew ;  to  renovate.    (A.-S.) 

E-DON.    Done;  finished.    (A.-S.) 

EDRESS.  Dressed ;  prepared.  "  Ready  edress," 

Ashmole's  Theat.  Chem.  Brit.  p.  284. 
EDWARD-SHOVELBOARDS.  Broad  shillings 
of  Edward  VI.  formerly  used  in  playing  the 
game  of  shovelboard. 

EDWYTE.    To  reproach ;  to  blame.      (A.-S.) 
It  is  a  substantive  in  Rob.  Glouc.  p.  379  ;  Gy 
of  Warwike,  pp.  118,  156,  251. 
And  wo  saytht  litylle  with  gret  sentiment, 
Som  folke  wol  edwyte  him  with  foly. 

MS.  Cantab.  Ff.  i.  6,  f.  126. 

EE.  (1)  A  spout.    North. 

(2)  Even ;  evening.    Percy. 

(3)  An  eye.    Still  in  use. 

Of  that  sche  might  noght  be  awreke, 
For  schame  cowde  anethe  speke, 
And  never  the  lese  mercy  she  preyd, 
With  wepyuge  ee,  and  thus  she  seyde. 

Gower,  MS.  Cantab.  Ff.  i.  6,  f.  60. 

(4)  The  top  of  a  drinking-  cup. 

(5)  To  love,  or  respect.    North. 
EECLE.    An  icicle.    Salop. 
BED.    I  had.     North. 

EEF.    Easy.     Stanihurst,  p.  11. 
EE -GRASS.    Aftermath.    Dorset. 


EEIR.     Condition.     (A.-S.)    "  A  stude  of  good 

eeir,"  Wright's  Seven  Sages,  p.  5. 
EEK.     To  itch.     YorJcsh. 
EEL.    To  cover  in.    Also,  to  season  an  oven 

when  first  erected.     Chesh. 
EELDE.    Age.     Still  used  in  the  North, 
Quod  Reson,  in  eelde  of  twenti  jeere, 
Go  to  Oxonford  or  lerne  lawp. 

MS.  Cantat,.  Ff.  ii.  38,  f.  15. 

EELEATOR.    A  young  eel.    North. 

EELFARE.     A  brood  of  eels. 

EEL-SHEAR.     An  iron  instrument  with  tkree 

or  four  points  used  for  catching  eels  in  the 

Southern  counties. 

EEL-THING.     St.  Anthony's  fire.    Essex. 
EEM.  (1)  Leisure.     See  Earn. 
(2)  Almost.     Warw. 
EEMIN.    The  evening.     Yortoh. 
EEN.  (1)  The  eyes.     North.     See  Reliq.  An*;q, 

i.  82  ;  Robin  Hood,  i.  102. 
(2)  To ;  but ;  except.    Somerset 
EENT.     It  is  not.     North. 
EENY.    Full  of  holes.     Yorlesh. 
EERIE.    Frightened.    Northumb. 
EERL.    An  earl.     (A.-S.) 
EERLONDE.     Ireland.     Pr.  Parv. 
EERNYS.    Attention.     (A.-S.) 
EERYS.    Ears.     North. 

The  blode  braste  owt  at  hys  eerys, 
And  hys  stede  to  grownde  he  berys- 

MS.  Cantab.  Ff.  ii.  ^8,  f.  7g. 
EES.    Yes.     Var.  dial. 
EE-SCAR.    An  unpleasant  object.    North. 
EEST.     The  East.     (//.-£) 
E£T.     Yet.    Devon. 
EETH.     Easy.     Northumb. 
EEVER.    Ray-grass.    Devon. 
EF.    After.    Hearne. 
E-FERE.    Together.     (^.-5.)     See  AudelaVi 

Poems,  p.  50 ;  Reliq.  Antiq.  i,  302,  304. 
EFFECT.  (1)  Substance.    (A.-N.) 
(2)  An  intention.    Shak. 
EEFECTUOUS.    Effectual.    Holinshed. 
EFFERE.    Wild;  strange.     (Lat.) 
EFFET.    A  newt.     Var.  dial. 
EFFII.    A  likeness ;  an  effigy.    Suffolk. 
EFFLATED.    Puffed  up.     Chaucer. 
EFFRENATED.    Ungovernable.     (Lat.) 
EFFUND.    To  pour  forth.    (Lat.) 
EFFUSION.     Confusion.     (A.-N.) 
EFNE.    Heaven.    Cov.  Myst.  p.  278. 
EFRENGE.    Fringe.    Cunningham,  p.  14. 
EFT.    Again.   (A.-S.)   "  And  fylle  hit  efte  falle 

wele,"  MS.  Cantab.  Ff.  v.48,  f.  49. 
EFTER.    After.    North. 
EFTEST.    Quickest;  readiest.    Shdk. 
EFTIR-TEMSIN-BREOD.  Bread  made  of  coarse 

flour  or  refuse  from  the  sieve.   Yorksh. 
EFT-SITHES.    Oft-times.    North. 
EFTSONES.    Immediately.    (A.-S,} 
EFTURES.    Passages.    Malory,  ii.  376. 
EGAL.     Equal.     (Fr.) 
EGALITEE.    Equality.    (A.-N.) 
EGALLY.    Equally.     (Fr.) 
EGALNESS.    Equality.    Nares. 
EGAR.    To  put  aside.    (Fr.) 


EGR 


330 


ELA 


EGERS.     Spring  tulips.    Bailey. 

EGESTIOUS.     Belonging  to  digestion. 

E-GEVYN.     Given.      (A.-S.) 

The  sixte  comaundment  I  will  reherce  also, 
By  God  e-gevyn,  and  that  in  strayte  wyse. 

MS.  Laud.  416,  f.  52. 

EGG.  To  urge  on;  to  incite.  Still  in  use  in 
the  North  of  England. 

The   drede  of  God   es  that   we   turne  noghte 
agayne  tille  cure  synne  thurghe  any  Hie  eg»yng, 

MS.  Lincoln.  A.  i.  17,  f-  196, 

EGG-BERRY.    The  birdcherry.    North. 
EGGE.  (i)  Age. 

J  meght  not  fast,  nor  I  wold  not  pray; 

I  thoyt  to  a  mendyd  in  my  egge. 

MS.  Lincoln  A.  i.  17,  f.  51. 

(2)  Edged ;  sharp.  Also  a  substantive,  the  edge 
of  any  instrument. 

Wroght  hyt  was  welle  and  feyre, 
Noegge  tole  myght  hyt  apeyre. 

MS.  Cantub.Ff.  h.  38,  f.  101. 

EGGEMENT.    Incitement.     (A.-S.) 

EGG-FEAST.  The  Saturday  preceding  Shrove 
Tuesday,  so  called  at  Oxford.  Also  known  as 
Egg-Saturday.  Egg-Sunday  is  mentioned  in 
Baker's  Theatrum  Triumphans,  1670,  p.  37. 

EGGING.     Urging;  incitement.     (A.-S.} 

EGGLER.  One  who  goes  about  the  country 
collecting  eggs  for  sale.  North. 

EGG-PIE.  A  dish  correctly  described  by  its 
title.  It  is  still  made  in  some  parts  of  the 
country,  and  is  mentioned  in  Taylor's  Workes, 
i.  146. 

EGGS.  To  have  eggs  on  the  spit,  i.  e.  to  "be  ac- 
tively employed. 

EGGS-AND-COLLOPS,  (1)  Toad-flax.    North. 

(2)  Fried  eggs  and  bacon.     Var.  dial. 

EGGS-FOR-MONEY.  A  proverbial  expression, 
used  when  a  person  was  awed  by  threats,  or 
had  been  overreached  into  giving  money  for 
comparatively  worthless  things. 

EGG-WIFE-TROT.  An  easy  jog  trot.  The 
origin  of  the  phrase  is  obvious. 

EGHE.    An  eye.     (A.-S.) 

Thow  salle  hym  se  with  effhe, 
And  come  to  Criste  thi  frende. 

MS.  Lincoln  A.  i.  17,  f.222. 

EGHGE.    Edge.    (A.-S.) 
EGHNE.    Eyes.    (/US.) 

For  alle  the  manace  of  hys  myghte, 
And  mawgree  his  eghne. 

Morte  Arihure,  MS.  Lino.  f.  57. 

EGHTE.    Possessions ;  property.    (4.-S.) 
EGHWAR.    Ever.     Weber. 
EGIR.    A  kind  of  precious  stone, 

Alle  of  rewelle  bane, 
Off  egfr  and  of  urbane. 

MS.  Lincoln  A,  i.  17,  f.  136. 

EGLANTINE.  Sweet  briar.  The  name  was 
occasionally  given  to  the  wild  rose. 

EGLEHORNE.    A  species  of  hawk. 

EGLENTERK     Eglantine.     Chaucer. 

EG  LING.    A  perch,  two  years  old. 

EGRE.     Courageous.     Will  Werw. 

EGREDOUCE.  A  kind  of  dish  or  sauce,  fre- 
quently mentioned  in  old  cookery  books. 
Also  as  dowce-cgyr,  q.  v. 


EGRELICHE.     Sourly ;  bitterly.     (A.-N.) 
EGREMOINE.     Agrimony.     (A.-N.} 
EGREMONY.     Sorrow.     (Lat.) 
EGREMOUNDE.     Agrimony.     (A.-N.) 
EGRET.    A  kind  of  heron.     See  Ord.  and  Reg. 

p.  220  ;  Harrison,  p,  223. 
EGRITUDE.     Sickness.     (Lot.) 
EGYLL.    An  eagle.     Ritson. 
EGYNG.     Urging;  incitement.     (A.-S.) 
Thorow  the  fendes  egyng, 
Hys  doubter  thoujt  another  thyng 

MS.  Ashmult:  G\ ,  f  66. 

EGYPTIAN-FROG.    A  toad.     I. /fight. 

EGYTMENT.    An  agistmeut.     South. 

EHGNE.    Eyes.     (A.-S.) 

EHYT.     Eat.     Wickliffe. 

EIE.    Fear.     (A-S.) 

For  many  thyngys  hyt  ys  grete  eye, 
The  whyche  falleth  me  nat  for  to  seye. 

MS.  Harl.  1701,  f.  12. 

EIGH.  (1)  Aye;  yes.    North.    Also  an  inter- 
rogative, what  do  you  say  ? 

(2)  The  eye.     (A.-S.) 

(3)  Fear.     Beves  of  Hamtoun,  p.  72. 
EIGHEN.     The  holes  or  indices  of  the  ancient 

quadrant  were  so  called. 
EIGHE-SENE.     The  eyesight.     (A.-S.) 
EIGH-WYE.    Yes,  yes.     North. 
EIKE-TREE.    An  oak.     Yorksh. 
EILD.    To  be  sickly  ;  to  grow  old ;  to  yield  ; 

old  age.     North. 
EILE.     Evil.     Nominate  MS. 
EILEBER.     The  herb  aUlaria. 
EILET-HOLES.    Very  small  holes,  a  term  in 

sempstresy.     North. 
EILLE.    To  be  sick,  or  ill.    (A.-S.) 
EIM.    Even ;  exact ;  equal.     Norih. 
EINATTER.    A  serpent.     Cumb. 
EINE.     Eyes.     Tarlton,p.  89. 
EIR.    The  air.     See  St.  Braiidan,  p.  32. 

At  undren  tide  ther  coom  a  soun, 
Fro  the  eir  brestyng  doun . 

Cursor  Mttndi,  MS.  Coll.Trin.  Cantab,  f.  115. 

EIRE.    An  heir.     (A.-N.} 

EIRIE.     Same  as  Airy,  q.  v. 

EIRY.    Light ;  unearthly.    North. 

EISEL.    Vinegar.     (A.-S.) 

EISTE.    The  highest.     (A.-S.) 

BIT.    To  eat.     Yorfoh. 

EITH.    Either.    Heame. 

EIYT.    A  newt.     Brit.  Bibl.  iv.  29. 

EI3TE.    Eight.    Also,  property.     (A.-S.) 

EI3YEN.    Eyes.    (A.-S.) 

EKE.  (1)  To  ease ;  to  kill ;  to  rid.     Heame. 

(2)  Also.    Common  in  old  ballads. 

(3)  An  addition  to  a  bee-hive.     North 
EKER.    Water-cresses.     (d.-S.) 
BKKBNE.    To  prolong.    (A.-S.) 
EKYN.  (1)  Also.    Heame. 

(2)  To  itch.    Prompt.  Parv. 

EL.    Else.    Hearne. 

ELA.    The  highest  note  in  the  scale  of  music, 

See  Middleton,  iii.  624. 
ELAGERE.     Strength ;  power.     (A.-S.) 
ELAT.    Elated.     (Lot.) 
ELAXATE.    To  unloose.     (/,«/.) 


ELF 


331 


ELT 


ELBORYN.     A  kind  of  wine.     Weber. 

jSLBOW.    A  promontory.     Ilowell. 

ELBOW-GREASE.  Persevering  exercise  of  the 
arms,  exciting  perspiration. 

ELBOW'S.  To  be  out  at  the  elbows,  i.  e.  to  be 
in  great  difficulties. 

ELBOWS  HAKER.     A  gamester ;  a  sharper. 

ELCONE.    Each  one,     Cumb. 

ELCY.    Alice.     North. 

ELD.  Old  age;  old  people.  (A.-S.)  Some- 
times, for  age  in  general. 

ELBE.  (1)  To  make,  or  grow  old.     (A.-S.} 

(2)  To  delay ;  to  linger.    Ps.  Cott. 

ELDED.    Ailed.    Also,  held.     Salop. 

ELDEN.    Rubbish;  fuel.    North. 

ELDER.  (1)  A  cow's  udder,     Far.  dial. 

(2)  Rather ;  somewhat  bigger.     North. 

(3)  An  ancestor.     (A.-S.)    A  justice  of  peace 
was  formerly  so  called. 

ELDER-HAND.  In  cards,  he  who  held  the 
hand  was  said  to  be  elder-hand. 

ELDERLY-MAN.  A  chief,  or  principal.  Cumb. 

ELDERMAN.    A  nobleman.     (A.-S.) 

ELDERN.  An  elder  tree.  East.  Also  an  ad- 
jective, made  of  the  elder. 

ELDERNE.    Elders ;  ancestors.     (A.-S.) 

ELDER-ROB.  A  conserve  made  of  the  juice  of 
the  elderberry.  Lino. 

ELDERYNGES.     Parents ;  ancestors.     (A.-S.) 

ELD-FATHER.     A  grandfather,     borth. 

ELD-MOTHER.     A  step-mother.    North. 

ELDRITCH.     Ghastly.     NortJiumb. 

ELE.  (1)  An  aisle.    Bloxam. 

(2)  Aid ;  help.    SMnner. 

ELECH.     Alike ;  equally.     (A.-S.) 

ELECTION.     Option.    In  election,  likely. 

ELEMEN.    Made  of  elm.    Dorset. 

ELEMENT.    The  sky,  or  heavens.     North. 

ELENGE.    Painful.     (A.-S.)    Also,  sorrowful. 
Eling,  St.  Brandan,  p.  30.    Elengliche,  Piers 
Ploughman,  p.  231.    It  also  means  solitary, 
a  sense  still  retained  in  some  counties.    El- 
lenaeness,  Brit.  Bibl.  ii.  84.     Kennett  has, 
"  Ellinge,  solitary,  lonely,  melancholy." 
An  elynge  lif  there  thei  ledde, 
In  wildernes  were  thei  fedde. 
Cursor  Mundi,  MS.  Coll.  Trin.  Cantab,  f.  20. 

ELENGERE.    More  sorrowful.     (A.-S.) 
His  laboure  to  him  is  the  elengere. 

MS.  Soc.  Antiq.  134,  f.  256. 

ELEPHANT.    A  species  of  scabious. 

ELET.    Fueljollit.     Wilts. 

ELEVENER.    A  luncheon.    Suss. 

ELEWN.    Eleven.    JSxmoor. 

ELF.  (1)  To  entangle  hair  in  knots,  an  amuse- 
ment indulged  in  by  Queen  Mab. 

(2)  A  mischievous  person.    North. 

ELF- ARROWS.  Ancient  arrow-heads,  so  called 
by  rustics  in  the  North. 

ELFAYDES.  Some  kind  of  animals,  mentioned 
in  the  MS.  Morte  Arthure,  f.  77. 

ELFE.    A  witch,  or  fairy.    (A.*S) 

ELF-LOCKS.  Entangled  hair.  "  Curl'd  and 
full  of  elves-locks,"  Wits  Miserie,  1596. 

ELF-QUENE.    The  queen  of  elves,  or  fairies. 

ELF-SHOTS.    Same  as  Elf-arrows,  q.  v, 


ELGER.     An  eel-spear.     Pr.  Parv. 
ELICHE.     Alike.     Depos.  Kic.  II.  p.  6. 
ELICOMPAN1E.     A  tomtit.     Cornw. 
ELIE.     Elijah.     Chaucer. 
ELIK.     Alike.     North. 

Tak  asafetida  and  aronutica,  of  ather  elik  rne« 
kille,  and  wax  and  oyl,  as  res<-negyffes. 

MS.  Lint:  Med.  f.  291. 

ELINGLICH.     Wretchedly.     (A.-S.) 

ELIS.     Eels.     Chaucer. 

ELI  SEE.    Elisha.     Chaucer. 

ELIT.     Elect.    Hearne. 

ELK.  (1)  A  wild  swan.     North. 

(2)  A  kind  of  yew  used  for  bows. 

ELL.    An  ell-wand.     Dyce. 

ELLARNE.     The  elder  tree.     (A.-S.)     Still  in 

use.     See  Heref.  Gl.  and  Pr.  Parv.  p.  239. 
ELL-DOCKENS.     Colt's-foot.    North. 
ELLE.    An  eel.     Chaucer. 
ELLEED.     Together.     Line. 
ELLEK.    Alexander.    North. 
ELLEN.     Ells.     Hearne. 
ELLENCH.    Afar  off,    Kent 
ELLENE.    Eleven.     Hearne 
ELLEN-TREE.    The  elder  tree.     YortoA. 
ELLER.    The  alder  tree.    North. 
ELLERD.     Swoln  with  felon.    North. 
ELLES.    Else;  otherwise.    (A.-S.) 

3et  I  h&^e  a  morsel  for  thy  toth, 
And  elite  I  were  to  blame. 

MS.  Cantab.  Ff.  v.  48,  f.  50. 

ELLET.    The  elder  tree.    Sussex. 

ELLOCK-RAKE.    A  small  rake  used  for  break- 
ing up  ant-hills.     Salop. 

ELL-RAKE.     A  large  rake.     Salop. 

ELLUM.     Elm.     Var.  dial. 

ELLTJMINE.    To  embellish.    Sfalton. 

ELLY.    A  bound  or  goal  in  playing  at  foot-ball. 
North. 

ELLYTHE.    Aileth.    Torrent,  p.  4L 

ELM.    An  ell  in  length.    North. 

ELMEN.    Made  of  elm.     West. 

ELMESSE.    Alms.    Prompt.  Parv. 

ELMES3EVER.    An  almsgiver.    Pr.  Parv. 

ELMOTHER.    A  step-mother.     North. 

ELNE.    An  ell.     See  Kyng  Alisaunder,  2750 
Holinshed,  Scotland,   p.  9.    Line.    "  False 
elnen,"  Rob.  Glouc.  p.  429. 

ELNORNE.    The  elder  tree.    Pr.  Parv. 

ELN3ERDE.    An  ell-yard.     Gawayne. 

ELOINE.    To  remove,  or  banish.     (A.-  N.) 

ELONG.     Slanting.    Exmoor. 

ELPHAMY.    Bryony.    North. 

ELREN.    The  elder  tree.    North. 

ELRICHE.    Dreadful ;  terrible.    Durh., 

ELSE.    Already ;  before.    Also,  others.  North, 
It  is  the  nickname  of  Alice. 

ELSEDOCK.    The  herb  Ewla  campana. 

ELSEN.    A  shoemaker's  awl.    North. 

ELSE-WHEN.    At  another  time. 

ELSH.     Uncouth.     Devon. 

ELSPITH.    Elizabeth.    North. 

ELSWHITHER.    Elsewhere.     North. 

ELT.  (1)  To  knead  dough.    North. 

(2)  A  young  sow  pig.     West, 

BLTH.    Old  age.     Chaucer., 


EME 


332 


EMP 


ELTROT.     Stalk  of  wild  parsley.     West. 
ELVEN.    An  elm.     Var.  dial. 
ELYENE.    Elves.     (A.-S.) 
ELYERS.    Young  eels.     West. 
ELVES.     Young  cattle.     Tusser. 
ELVISH.     Irritable;   spiteful;   peevish;   mis- 
chievous ;  fantastic ;  intractable.     (A.-S.)    It 
is  still  in  use. 
ELYSWHORE.    Elsewhere. 

And  what  thou  shall  have  tharefore, 
Yn  thys  world  and  elyswhore. 

MS  Harl.  1701,  f.  14. 

EM.    Them.     Var.  dial 

EMANG.  Among.  North.  "  Emangez  thame 
righte,"  Perceval,  604. 

EMASTYCE.    The  mastic.    Tundale,  p.  67. 

EMBAILD.    Bound  up.     (Fr.) 

EMBARMENT.  An  embargo.  A  tract  was 
printed  in  1584,  entitled,  "  A  true  report  of 
the  general  embarrement  of  all  English 
shippes.''  Shakespeare  has  embarquement. 

EMBASE.    To  make  base.     Spenser. 

EMBASSADE.    An  embassy.     (Lat.} 

EMBAY.  To  bathe.  Hence,  to  delight,  to 
charm  the  senses  irresistibly. 

EMBAYLE.     To  inclose.    Spenser. 

EMBELISJ2.    To  beautify.     (A.-N.) 

EMBE RINGS.    The  fasts  of  tr  e  ember  weeks. 

EMBESY.    To  embusy.    Skelton* 

EMBLEMENTS.  Profits  of  land,  as  grass, 
fruit,  &c.  Blount. 

EMBOLDE.    To  make  bold.     (A.-N.) 

EMBOLIFE.    Oblique.     Chaucer. 

EMBOLNEDE.    Swelled.     Lydyate. 

EMBOSSED.  When  a  deer  foamed  ax  the 
mouth  from  fatigue,  he  was  said  to  be  em- 
bossed. A  hunting  term. 

EMBOUCHMENT.    An  embossment.     Coles. 

EMBOWELLED.  Said  of  a  hawk,  when  her 
gorge  was  void,  and  her  bowels  stiff. 

E  MB  OWING.     Arching.    Lydgate. 

EMBOYSSEMENT.    An  ambush.    (A.-N.) 

EMBRAID.  To  upbraid.  See  Hall,  Henry  VI. 
f.  46 ;  Tusser's  Husbandry,  p.  313. 

EMBRASURES.    Embraces.    S/iak. 

EMBREWED.     Soiled;  dirtied.    Lydgate. 

EMBROCADO.    A  pass  in  fencing. 

EMBROUDED.    Embroidered.     (A.-N.) 

EMDELEZ.     With  equal  sides.     Gawayne. 

EME.  (1)  Near.    Salop. 

(2)  An  uncle.     See  Sam.    Douce  says  the  term 
is  also  applied  to  an  aunt, 

Wele  we  wote,  withouten  vvene, 

The  kynge  Arthur  oure  erne  sholde  be. 

MS.  Harl,  2252,  f.  107- 

(3)  Consideration ;  heed.    North. 

EMELE.    A  female  roe.    See  a  notice  of  their 

bokeynae  in  MS.  Bodl.  546. 
EMELLE.    Among ;  amidst. 

Wit  Nembrot  com  thai  for  to  duelle, 
And  tok  a  conseil  thara  (-.malle. 

MS.  Cott.  Vesprts.  A.  iii.  f.  14. 
EMENDALS.     A  term  in  old  accounts,  signify- 
ing the  sum  total  in  stock. 
JR-MENISCHE.    To  diminish. 


For  now  Alexander  dyes,  and  Macedoyne  salle 
waxe  ay  lesse  and  lesse,  and  enienische  day  bi  day. 
MS.  Lincoln  A.  i.  17,  f.  48L 

EMER.  (1)  Nearer.    Salop. 

(2)  A  deliverer ;  one  who  succours  any  one  from 

a  great  difficulty.     Line. 
EMERAUDES.    The  hemorrhoids.     (A.-N.) 
EMERLON,    A  merlin,  or  hawk.     Chaucer. 
EMERUS.     Humours ;  diseases.     (A.-N.) 
EMERYEN.     Embers ;  hot  ashes.     (A.-S.) 
EMFORTH.     Even  with.     (A.-S.) 
EMIDDIS.    Amidst.     Chaucer. 
EMMERS.    Embers.    Somerset. 
EMMET-BATCH.      An    ant-hill.      Somerset 

Also  called  an  emmet- out. 
EMMOISED.     Comforted.    Skinner. 
EMMOVE.     To  move.     Spenser. 
EMMUT.    Force ;  impetus.    Devon. 
EMNENUSTE.  Diminished ;  impaired.  (A.-N.) 
And  rijte  so  it  es  of  the  gudnssse  of  a  mane,  fci 

many  mene  may  take  gude  ensample  of  hym,  and 

his  gudnesse  be  nathynge  emnenuste  therby. 

MS.  Lincoln  A.  i.  17,  f.  32. 

EMOLLID.     Soft;  tender.     (Lat.) 
EMONGEST.    Amongst.    Hall. 
EMOTE.    An  ant,  or  emmet.    Baret. 
EMPAIR.    Impairment.     Chapman. 
EMPECHE.     To  hinder.    Also,  to  attack. 
EMPEIRE.     To  impair;  to  hurt.     (A.-N.) 
EMPERALES.     Imperials,  a  coin.     Weber. 
EMPERICE.    An  empress.     (A.~N.) 
EMPERISH.    To  injure,  or  impair.     (A.-N.) 
EMPERY.     Empire ;  dominion.     (A.-N.)     See 

Woman  in  the  Moone,  1597 ;  Hall,  Henry  V. 

f.  27 ;  Death  of  R.  of  Hunt.  p.  38. 
EMPESHE.    To  hinder.    (A.-N.) 

And  hure  nature  shal  not  be  empeshed  to  d»on 

hure  digestioun,  wher  throuj  any  wykked  humours 

other  superfluytes  may  be  engendred. 

MS.  Bodt.  540. 

EMPIGHT.    Fixed ;  fastened.     Spenser. 
EMPLASTER.    A  plaster.     See  Reliq.  Antiq. 

i.  54.    Chaucer  has  it  as  a  verb. 

Thrust  dowue  a  staff,  and  there  will  stick  to  it 

some  mud;  repeat  it  severall  times- till  you  have 

gott  as  much  as  will  make  an  einplaster. 

Aubrei/'s  Wilts*  Royal  Soc.  MS.  p.  57. 

EMPLIE.    To  infold ;  to  involve.     (A.-N.) 
EMPOISONER.    A  poisoner.     (A.-N.) 
EMPOSSESS,    To  possess.    Florio. 
EMPRESA.    A  device  or  motto.    Dray  ton. 
EMPRESSE,     To  crowd.     Chaucer. 
EMPRIDEDE.    Proud. 

And  whenne  this  journee  was  done,  Pausamy 
was  gretly  empndade  theroffe,  and  went  into  the 
kynges  palace  for  to  take  the  qwene  Olympias  oute 
of  it,  and  hafe  hir  with  hym. 

MS  Lincoln  A.  I.  17,  f-  3. 
EMPRIME.     To  separate  a  deer  from  the  rest 

of  the  herd. 

EMPRISE.  (1)  An  undertaking.     (A.-N.) 
How  dare  y  thannebe  presumptuous, 
I,  wofulle  wrecche,  in  any  maner  wyse 
To  take  on  me  this  perfit  hyje  empi->,s«. 

Lydgate,  MS.  -Soc.  Anny.  134,  f.  2. 
Sundry  werkis  of  marvelous  empfi^j 
By  carpentryeto  forge  and  dyvise. 

76W.  MS.  f.  4 


ENC 


333 


END 


Thus  thei  were  that  tyme  unwise, 
Thei  dud  ajenes  Goddes  emprise. 

Cursor  Mundi,  MS.  Coll  Trin.  Cantab,  f.  41. 

(2)  Number.     Weber. 

EMPS-PIECE.     A  choice  morceau  of  food  ;  an 

epicure's  piece.     Line. 
EMPT.    To  empty.     Var.  dial.    It  occurs  in 

Chaucer,  Cant.  T.  16209. 
EMPTION.     A  purchase.     (Lat.)      See  Cun- 
ningham's Revels  Ace.  p.  1 ;  Ord.  and  Reg. 

pp.  73,  205. 
EMPTY.     To  pour  out  a  small  portion  of  liquid 

from  a  vessel. 

EMRAWDE.     An  emerald.     STcelton. 
EMROD.    An  emerald.    Junius. 
EMUCID.     Mouldy,     (Lett.) 
EMULE.     To  emulate.     Spenser. 
EMYS.    Enemies.     Hearne. 
EN.    And ;  also ;  if ;  him.   It  seems  to  mean  in, 

Sir  Degrevant,  1061. 
ENACTURE.    Action,  or  effect.     Shak. 
ENAMET.    A  luncheon.    Hants. 
ENANTYR,    Against.     Weber. 
ENARMEDE.     Armed.     In  old  cookery,  the 

term  was  applied  to  anything  larded. 
ENARRATION.     A  narrative.     (Lat^) 
ENAUNTER.     Lest ;  in  case.     Spenser. 
ENBANE.     To  poison.     Mirr.  Mag.  p.  75. 
ENBANED.    Ornamented  ?     Gawayne. 
EN  BASTE.     To  steep  in.     PUlpot. 
ENBATE.    To  pounce  upon.     (A.-N.) 
ENBATTELLED.     Indented,  like  a  battlement. 

Chaucer. 

ENBAWMEN.    To  embalm.     (4.-N.) 
ENBELYSE.     Parted  per  bend.     Holme. 
ENBEWTID.    Beautified.    Skelton. 
ENBIBING.     Imbibing.     (Lett.) 
ENBLAUNCHEN.    To  whiten  over.     (A.-N.) 
ENBLAWUN.    Puffed  up.     WicUiffe. 
ENBOCE.    To  fill  out.     (A^N.) 
ENBOISE.     See  Embossed.     This   appears  to 

be  the  same  word  as  enbose,  which  occurs  in 

Chaucer,  and  is  wrongly  explained  by  Tyrwhitt. 

See  his  Gloss,  p.  75. 

But  thei  shul  not  opene  neither  questeye  while 

that  he  is  among  the  chaunge,  for  drede  to  enboise 

and  to  do  amys.  MS.  Bodl.  546. 

ENBOLLE.    To  swell.    Palsgrave. 
ENBOSSED.    Raised.     (A.-N.) 
ENBOWE.     To  incline,  or  bow  down. 
ENBRACE.    To  take  hold  of.     (4.-N.) 

With  brode  scheldcs  enbrasnede,  and  burlyche  helmys. 
Mvrte  Arthurs,  MS.  Lincoln,  f.  79. 
ENBRAUDE.     To  embroider.     (A.-N.} 
ENBREAM.     Sharp ;  powerful ;  strong. 
ENBUSCHE.     To  hide  in  ambuscade. 
This  knyjte  whiche  hovid  and  abod, 
"Enbitsched  upon  hors-ftak, 
Alle  sodeyn cliche  upon  him  brak. 

Goiver,  MS,  Soc.  Antiq.  134,  f.  81. 

ENBUSCHEMENT.    An  ambush. 

A  gret  enbuschement  thay  sett, 
Thare  the  foster  thatne  mett. 

MS.  Lincoln  A.  i.  17,  f.  136- 

SNBUSY.     To  busy  or  exert  one's  self. 
'ilNBYBED.    Made  wet.    Skelton. 
]NCAUSE.    To  cause.    Lydgate. 


ENCAVE.     To  hide,  as  in  a  cave. 
ENCENSE.  (1)  To  burn  incense.     (A.-N.) 
(2)  To  inform,  or  instruct.     North. 
ENCENTED.     Assented.     Hearne. 
ENCERCHE.     To  search.     Maundevile. 
ENCESE.     Qu.  increase? 

Hooly  chyrche  encese  and  eke, 
And  worichypp  God  in  hys  servyse. 

ASS.  Cantab.  Ff.  ii.  38,  f.  3. 
ENCHACE.  (1)  Hunting.     Earners. 
(2)  To  drive  away.     (A.-N.) 

After  the  comynge  of  this  myjty  kynge, 
Oure  olde  woo  and  troubille  to  enchace, 

Lydgate,  JCS.  Soc.  Antiq.  134,  f.  12. 

ENCHARGE.    To  charge  one  with  anything. 
ENCHAUFE.    To  warm ;  to  make  angry. 
ENCHAUFING.     Heat.     (A.-N.) 
ENCHEDE.    Fallen ;  vanquished.     (A.-N.) 
And  the  enchede  kynge  in  the  gay  armes, 
Lys  grouande  one  the  gjownde,and  girde  thorcwe  evene. 
Morte  Arthure,  MS.  Lincoln,  f.  94. 

ENCHEINED.     Chained  together. 
ENCHESON.  (1)  Cause;   occasion.      (A.-N.) 
It  is  explained/br/ezY  by  Batman,  1582. 

My  crye  that  is  the  encbesoun  of  my  rightwisnes 
that  "is  in  his  sight.  MS.  Cull.  Eton.  10,  f  25. 

(2)  To  reason  with  ? 

And  the  emperour  with  hye  reson 
Sche  began  to  encheson. 

MS.  Cantab,  Ff.  ii.  38,  f.  130- 

ENCHEVE.     To  achieve ;  to  conquer.     (A.~N.) 
ENCKE.     Ink. 

Betok  I  thencTte  in  my  wrytenges 

To  tel  a  tale  therupon. 

Gower,  MS.  Cantab.  Pf.  i.  f,  f.  68. 

ENCLESSIDE.    Inclosed.    Lydgate. 
ENCLINE.    A  bow,  or  salutation.     (^..JV.) 
ENCLOWED.    Nailed ;  riveted.    (y/.-JV.) 
Whan  he  syje  and  redy  fonde 
This  cofre  made,  and  wel  endowed. 

Cower,  MS.  Soc.  Antiq.  134,  f,  236. 

ENCLOYDE.     Hurt  in  the  foot. 

The  hors  on  woche  sche  rode  was  blac, 
Alle  lene  and  gallyd  on  the  bac, 
And  haltyd  as  he  were  enclnyde  ; 
Theroff  the  woroman  was  atioyede. 

Gower,  MS.  Cantab.  Ff.  i.  6,  f.  6. 
ENCOMBREMENT.    Incumbrance.     (A.-N.) 
ENCOROWNMENT.    A  coronation. 
ENCORPORE.    To  incorporate.     (d.-N.) 
ENCORRED.     Incurred. 

He  encowed  God's  great  wrath, 
And  grewe  in  great  dispair. 

MS.  dshmole  208. 

ENCRESTED.     Increased.    Hall 
ENCROCHE.    To  obtain  possession  of. 
ENCUMBERING.    An  incumbrance.     (A.-N.) 
ENCURTYNED.     Inclosed  with  curtains. 
A  Ioft6  bed  of  large  space 
They  hadde  made  and  encurtyned. 

Gower,  MS.  Soc.  Antiq.  134,  f.  44. 
END.  (1)  To  finish ;  to  kill.     North. 
(2)  A  number  of  anything.    North.    Also,  part 

of  a  tale,  &c.    (A.-S.) 
(%}  Rate  or  price.     Yor&sh. 

(4)  To  erect,  or  set  upright.     Var.  dial* 

(5)  The  stem  of  a  plant.    East. 

(6)  Pleasure  or  delight.    North. 


END  334 


ENG 


ENDAMAGE.    To  damage ;  to  hurt. 
ENDAYS.    Forward;  endwise.    North. 
END-DAY.     Termination ;  end.     North. 
ENDE.  (1)  Seat ;  corner.     (A.-S.) 

(2)  End ;  side ;  country.     Hearne. 

And  welle  norysched,  gode  and  hende, 
No  chylde  bettux  in  alle  that  ende. 

MS.  Cantab.  Ff.  ii.  38,  f.  245. 

(3)  A  bine  colour,    Lino. 
ENDEAVOUR.    To  exert  one's  self. 
ENDEGRESSION.    Indiscretion. 

Of  muche  uncunnynge  and  endegression. 

Lydgtite,  MS.  Ashmole  39,  F.  56. 

ENDELONG.    Along ;  lengthwise.     (A.-S.) 

Than  came  thai  apon  Spayne  mdlonge  theshoore. 

MS.  Lansd.  203,  f.8. 
Sche  slow  hem  in  a  sodeyne  rage, 
Etidelonge  the  borde  as  they  be  set. 

Goiuer,  MS,  Soc-  Antiq.  134,  f  65. 

END  ELY.    Endlessly. 

Pees  shall  e  be  whereas  now  trouble  is, 

After  this  lyfe  etidely  in  blys.    MS.  Harl.  38G9. 

ENDENTID.    Fixed  in. 

With  many  worthy  stane 

Endentid  and  dighte.  J/5.  Lincoln  A.  i.  17*  f- 135- 
ENDER.     Past;gone-by.     (A.-S.) 

This  ender  dai  com  a  clarc  me  to. 

And  bed  me  love  on  his  manere.  MS,  Diyby  86. 

Of  ray  fortune,  how  it  ferde 

This  endir  day,  as  y  forth  ferde. 

MS.  Soc.  Antiq.  134,  f.  38. 
ENDETTED.    Indebted.     (A.-N.) 
ENDEW.  (1)  To  digest.    A  hawking  term. 
(2)  To  give,  or  bestow.    North. 
ENDEYNEDE.    Ordained  ? 

In  his  dedis  that  for  dule  endeyneds  hym  to  dyo 

MS.  Lincoln  A.  i.  17,  f.  231. 

ENDIAPRED.    Variegated  in  colour. 
END-IRONS.    Two  moveable  iron  plates  used 

to  contract  the  fire-place.     North. 
ENDITE.  (1)  To  dictate ;  to  relate.     (A.-N.) 
Syne  endittede  in  his  dayes  alle  the  dere  psalmes, 
That  in  the  sawtire  ere  sett  e  with  selcouthe  wordes. 
Worte  Arthure,  MS.  Lincoln,  f.  89. 
(2)  Put  to  death.    Gawayne. 
E  ND  L  AND  E .    Along ;  straight-forwards. 

And  as  thay  went  endlande  this  revere,  abowte 
the  vilj.  houre  of  the  day  thay  come  till*  a  castelle 
that  stode  in  alittille  ile  in  this  forsaid  ryvere. 

MS.  Lincoln  A.  i.  17,  f.  27. 
ENDLEFTE.     The  eleventh,    Hearne. 
ENDLESS.    The  blind  gut.    East. 
ENDLEVE.    Eleven ;  eleventh.    Hearne. 
ENDMETE.    Lenticula.    Pr.  Paro. 
ENDOCTRINE.    To  teach.    (Lat.) 
ENDOOST.    Endowed.     (A.-N.) 
ENDOREDE.    Made  shiny,  as  pie-crust  is  with 
the  yelk  of  egg,  or  cake  with  sugar,  &c.  j  not 
gilded, as  explainedin  the  Gloss,  to  Syr  Gawayne. 
See  Ord.  and  Reg.  p.  437 ;  MS.  Lansd,  1033, 
ENDOSE.    Indolence.     (A-JV.) 
ENDOSS.     To  endorse.    Palsgrave.     It  occurs 

in  Spenser,  and  Reliq.  Antiq.  ii.  284. 
ENDOUTE.    To  doubt ;  to  fear.    (A.-N.) 
ENDRAITE.    Quality.    (A.-N.) 
ENDRED.   Entered.   Scoff. 
ENDREYDE.    Dried  up.   Malory. 
ENDRIE.   To  suffer.    (,£-£) 


ENDROSSE.    To  multiply.    Lydgate. 

END'STONES.  The  end  binding-stones  ia  a 
wall.  Arch.  XL  233. 

ENDUCE.     To  bring  in  ;  to  adduce.    (Lat.) 

ENDURABLE.    Durable ;  lasting.    East. 

ENDURATE.    Obstinate.    Hall. 

ENDURED.    Made  hard.    (Lat.) 

ENDWARE.    A  small  hamlet,   Line. 

ENDWAYS.  Straight-forward.  To  stand  end- 
ways, to  remain  in  an^  office  beyond  the  usual 
time.  North. 

ENDYD.    Yeaned.    Jul  Barnes. 

ENDYED.    Dyed.    Percy. 

ENE.    Alone ;  only ;  once.    Hearne. 

ENEDE.    A  duck.    (^.-&) 

ENEE.    ^neas.    Chaucer. 

ENELE.    To  anoint.    Pr.  Parv. 

ENEMIS.    Lest.   East. 

ENEMY.    An  insect.    Salop. 

EiVENST.    Opposite  to.    North. 

ENES.    Once.    Hearne.  .    . 

ENEUGH.  Enough.  Devon.  Generally  applied 
exclusively  to  numbers. 

ENEWED.    Troubled ;  vexed.    (4,-N.) 

ENFAME.    Infamy.    Chaucer. 

ENFAMINED.    Hungry.    (A.-N.) 

ENFARCED.  Stuflfed;  filled.  See  Hardyng, 
Suppt.  f.  88 ;  Becon's  Works,  p.  91. 

EN  FAUN CE.    Infancy.    Chaucer. 

ENFECTE,  To  infect.  (J.-N.)  Sometimes  the 
part,  past,  as  in  Gesta  Rom.  p.  352,  and  also 
a  substantive,  infection. 

ENFELAUSHIPPE.    To  accompany. 

ENFEOFF.  To  grant  oat  as  a  feoff,  or  estate ; 
to  give  up. 

EN  FERMI.    To  inclose,  or  lock  up.    Hearne. 

ENFLAUNCE.    To  inflame.   Lydgate* 

ENPLAWMEDE.    Burnt  up. '  (d.-N.} 

Whene  the  wille  and  the  affeecyone  es  "puryfiede 
and  clensede  fra  alle  fleschely  lustes,  kyndely  and 
werldly  lufe,  and  es  wjtowmede  with  brennande  lufe 
of  the  Haly  Gaste.  MS.  Lincoln  A.  i,  17,  f.  220. 

ENFLORID.   Enflowered.    Skelton. 

ENFLUEESCHIT.    Ornamented.    (A.-N.) 

ENFORCE.   To  strengthen.    (A.-N.) 

I  salle  enforsse  jowe  in  the  felde  with  fresche  mene 
of  armes.  Morte  Arthur  e,  MS.  Lincoln,  f.  .r-7. 

ENFOKME.    To  teach;  to  instruct.   (^.-AT.) 

But  yf  je  wolJe  in  eny  forme 

Of  this  mater  a  tale  anforme, 

Whiche  were  ajen  this  vice  set, 

I  sehulde  fare  welle  the  bet. 

Gower,  MS.  Soc.  Antiq.  134,  f.  HI. 
ENFORSED.   Seasoned.    Antiq.  Culm. 
ENFOBTUNE.    To  endow  with  a  fortune. 
ENFOUBLED.    "Wrapt  up.    Gawayne. 
ENFOULDRED.    Thict ;  misty.    Spenser. 
ENFRAY,   Affray.    ToimekyMyst. 
ENGAGE.    To  lay  to  pledge,  or  pawn. 
ENGENDURE.    Generation.    (A.-N.) 

I  wote  -wel  leefulle  luste  is  necessarie, 
Withouten  that  may  be  non  engendwe, 

Occleve,  MS.  Soc.  Antiq.  134,  f.  259, 

ENGEYLED.  Frozen ;  congealed. 

Or  stones  engeyled  falleth  doune  arovr, 
Whenne  that  hit  hayleth,  as  hit  is  offcseyne. 

MS.  Cantab.  Ff.  i  6,  f.  11, 


ENK 


335 


ENP 


ENGEYNE.    To  enjoin.    Audelay,  p.  47. 
ENGHLE.    To   coax,  or  cajole.    Also  a  sub- 
stantive, a  gull.    Jonson. 
ENGHNE.    Eyes.    (A.-S.) 

Thane  tlie  worthy  kyiig  wrythes, 

And  wepede  with  his  enghne. 

Morte  Arthurs,  MS.  Lincoln,  f.  73. 
ENGIN.    Wit ;  contrivance.    (Lat.} 
ENGINED.    Racked;  tortured.    (A.-N.) 
ENGINER.   An  engineer.    Middleton. 
ENGINOUS.   Inventive.    Jonson. 
ENGLAMED.    Slimy.     (A.-N.} 
ENCLOSED.    Painted.    Lydgate. 
ENGLUTING.    Stopping  with  clay.     Chaucer. 
ENGOUTED.     Having  black  spots  on  the  fea- 
thers.   A  hawking  term. 
ENGOWSCHEDE.    Swelled;  elated.    (A.-N.} 

With  a  dragon e  engoivschede 

Dredfulle  to  schewe. 

Morte  Arthurs,  Line.  MS.  f.  75. 
ENGRAFTED.    Depraved.    Suffolk. 
ENGRAYE.    To  bury.     Spenser. 
1SNGEEGGE.    To  aggravate.     (A.-N.) 

The  dampned  shul  engreghed  be, 
The  p  eyries  moor  grevous  to  se. 

MS.Addit.  11305,  f.  313. 

ENGRELYDE.    Interspersed. 

He  beris  a  schelde  of  asure, 
Engi-elyde  with  a  sayntour. 

MS.  Lincoln  A.  i  17,  f.  134. 
ENGREVE.     To  hurt.     (A.-N.} 
ENGREYNED.     Powdered.     (A.-N.} 
ENGROSS.    To  thicken  ;  to  fatten. 
ENGUERE.    Formed;  made.     (A.-N.) 
ENGYNED.    Deceived.     (A.-N.) 
A  lcft£  bed  of  large  space, 
Where  sche  was  aftirwarde  engyned. 

Cower,  MS.  Soc.  Antiq.  134,  f.  44. 

ENGYNEFUL.     Crafty;  cunning.     (A.-N.) 

ENGYSTE.    To  constrain.     (A.-N.} 

ENHABITE.    To  use,  or  accustom.'    (A.-N.) 

ENHACHED.     Inlaid.    Skettan. 

ENHALSE.    To  embrace.     Becon. 

ENHARPIT.    Hooked;  edged.    Percy. 

ENHASTED.     Hastened.    Palsgrave. 
That  many  worthi  in  knyjthood  ful  famus 
Enhasted  weren  unto  here  deth,  alias  ! 

MS.  Diyby  230 

ENHAUNSE.    To  raise.    (A.-N.} 
ENHERITE.    To  endow  any  one  with  property, 

or  an  inheritance. 

ENHIEDE.    Raised ;  exalted.    Lydgate. 
ENHONY.    To  sweeten.    Florio. 
ENHORT.    To  exhort.    (A.-N.} 
ENIF.    Enough.     Craven. 
ENIMITY.    Enmity.    Baret. 
ENIS.    Once.    Wright's  Pol.  Songs,  p.  203. 
ENIXED.    Brought  forth.    (Lat.} 
ENJOINE.     To  join  in  battle. 
ENJUBARDE.    To  endanger.   State  P.  i.  130. 
ENKANKERED.     Cankered.    Percy. 
ENKE-ORN.    An  ink-horn.     Lydgate. 
ENKERLY.    Eagerly ;  intently.  Enker,  applied 

to  colour  in  Syr  Gawayne. 

Thane  the  emperour  enJrerly  askes  hym  sonne, 

What  wille  thow,  Gawayne,  wyrke  with  thi  wapyne  ? 
Morte  Arthur*,  MS.  Lincoln,  f.  76. 


ENKINDLE.    To  kindle.    Fairfax. 
ENLACED.     Entangled.     (A.-N.} 
ENLAKE.     To  overflow.    Fiona. 
ENLANGOURED.    Faded  with  languor. 
ENLARGISSED.    Enlarged.    Heame. 
ENLEFTE.    The  eleventh.    Heame. 
ENLEGEANCE.    Allegiance;  protection;  de- 

liverance.     Hearne. 
ENLEVE.  '  Eleven.    Lydgate. 
ENLEVED.     Inlaid.-   Maundeoile. 
ENLIMN.     To  illuminate  a  book.    Palsgrave. 
ENLONGE.    Oblong.     Trevisa. 
ENLUMINE.     To  illuminate.     (^.-AT.) 
ENMES.    Enemies.    Audelay,  p.  62. 
ENMESH.    To  inclose  in  the  meshes  of  a  net. 

Shak. 

ENMOISED.     Comforted ;  encouraged. 
ENMURED.    Inclosed.     Lydgate. 
ENNA.    Is  not  he  ?  *  Ooson. 
ENNESURE.    Game;  sport.     (A.-N.} 
ENNEWE.    To  paint;  to  put  on  the  last  and 

most  brilliant  colours. 
ENNOBLISH.     To  ennoble.    Palsgrave. 
ENNOSE.    To  conceal.     (A.-N.)     Palsgrave, 

referring  to  Lydgate,  explains  it,  to  abuse. 
For  aythermuste  y  playnely  hire  accuse, 
Or  my  gilte  with  this  gilte  ennose. 

Lydgate,  MS.  Sne.  Antiq.  134.  f.  4. 

ENOFFE.    Enough.    Chester  Plays,  ii.  114. 
ENOINT.    Anointed.    (A.-N.} 
ENOO.     By  and  by ;  even  now.    North. 
ENOUMBRE.    To  join  in  anything. 
ENOURNE.    To  adorn.    Lydgate. 

The  temple  of  Covetyse  56  enourne  with  rosez; 
alle  jour  myghte  and  joure  triste  je  putt  in  thame 
that  may  jow  na  thyng  helpe  at  nede 

MS.  Lincoln  A,  i.  17,  f.  35. 
ENOW.     Enough,     far.  dial. 
ENOYNTED.    Anointed.    Heame 
ENOj.    Enough. 

Have  brok  hit  wel  withowt  fayle, 
I  have  kept  it  long  emq. 

MS.  Cantab.  Ff.  v.  48,  f  S3. 
ENPAREL.    Dress;  apparel. 
ENPAYRE.     To  impair ;  to  injure. 
Might  na  perys  enpayre 
Be  skille  ne  by  righte. 

US.  Lincoln  A.  i.  17,  f.  138. 
ENPECHE.    To  impeach ;  to  accuse. 
ENPIGHT.    Pitched;  settled. 
ENPITED.    Delighted?    Skinner. 
ENPLEET.    To  implead.    Hall 
ENPLEMENT.    Employment.    SMton. 
ENPOYSONE.    Poison.     In  the  MS.  Morte 
Arthure,  cups  are  described  as  being  made, 
"  that   nane    enpoysone  sulde    goo  prevely 
therundyre." 

ENPREST.    Imprest.    Malory,  ii.  450. 
ENPRICE.    Fashion.    (A.-N.} 
ENPRIDDEDE.    Prided.    MS.  Line. 
ENPRISON.    To  imprison.     Gower. 
ENPROPRED.    Belonging.    (A.-N.} 
Shal  be  y-seen  blisses  sevens 
That  ben  enpropred  unto  the  bodyes. 

MS,  4ddit.  11305,  f.  107. 

ENPROWED,    Profited  of.    Skelton. 


ENS 


336 


BNT 


ENQUERAUNCE.     Inquiry,     (A.-N.) 
Of  Goddes  mysteiy  and  his  werking 
Make  never,  IPV  childe,  to  ferre  enqueraunce. 

MS.  Cantab.  Ff.  i.  fi,  f.  156. 

ENQUESATYFFE.     Desirous  of  knowing. 
Herof  I  am  enquesatyjfe. 

MS.  Cantab.  Ff.i.6,  f-71- 

ENQUEST.    Inquiry.     (A.-N.) 
ENQUEYNTANCE.    Acquaintance.     Hearne. 
ENQUIRANCE.     Inquiry.     Chaucer. 
ENRAGE.     To  implant.     (4-N.) 
ENRESONE.     To  reason  with.     (A.-N.) 
ENROLL.      To  fix  anything  in  one's  mind. 

Palsgrave. 

ENSAME.  The  grease  of  a  hawk.  Also,  to 
purify,  cleanse,  or  purge  a  hawk  of  glut  and 
grease. 

ENS  AMPLE.    An  example.     (A.-N.) 
A  gode  ensample  I  wyll  5011  sey, 
What  chouse  befell  hym  one  a  dey. 

SIS.  JshmttleGlr  f .  59. 

ENSCONCE.  To  fortify;  to  protect  as  with  a 
fort,  or  sconce. 

ENSEAR.     To  dry  up.     Shaft. 

ENSEGGE.     A  siege.    Also  a  verb. 

And  thanne  he  went  unto  the  citee  of  Tyre,  and 
layde  ensegge  abowte  it,  and  this  ewegge  he  Jaye 
many  a  day,  and  thare  his  oste  suffied  many  dys- 
essez.  ATS.  Lincoln  A.  i.  17.  f.  4. 

ENSELED.  Sealed  up ;  kept  secret.  Enseay- 
tinge,  Alleyn  Papers,  p.  12. 

This  fcuke  es  cald  garthen  enclosed  wel  enseled 
paradyse  full  of  appelles.      MS*  Coll.  Eton.  10,  f.  1. 
ENSEMBLE.    Company.    (A.-N.) 
ENSEMBYLL.    Together.    Sfalton. 
ENSEMLE.    To  assemble.     (A.-N.)    See  Gy 
of  Warwike,  p.  428;  msemled,    Beves  of 
Hamtoiin,  p.  125. 
ENSENCESYNGE.    Instruction. 

Saynt  Paule  made  this  orysone  by  the  ensence- 
synge  of  the  Haly  Gaste. 

MS.  Lincoln  A.  i.17,  f.  177- 

ENSENSE.    To  anoint  with  insence. 
Ensense  the  body  no  more  so, 
Ne  do  no  wurschep  tharunto. 

MS.  Hurl.  1701,  f.  73. 
ENSENT.    Advice ;  wish.     (A.-N.) 
ENSENTE.    To  consent.    Hearne. 
ENSESE.    To  take  possession. 
ENSIGNBEARER,    A  drunkard.     Grose. 
ENSILE).    To  ensile  a  hawk,  to  pass  a  thread  in 
some  way  under  the  beak  and  through  the 
eyelid,  so  as  to  hinder  the  sight. 
ENSINEMENT.    Perseverance.    Batman. 
ENSISE.     Quality.    SMnner. 
ENSLOMBRE.     To  enervate.     (A.-N.) 
Son,  lett  not  ydelnesse  jou  enslombre, 
Nor  wydnesse  of  clothys  3011  encombre. 

MS.  Jshmole  52,  f.  65. 

ENSNARLE.    To  insnare,  or  entangle, 
ENSOINE.    Excuse.     (A.-N.) 
ENSPEEE.     To  ask,  or  inquire.     (A.-3.) 
ENSPIRE.     To  inspire.     (A.-N.) 
ENSTAFF.    To  put  on  a  staff.    Florio. 
ENSTATE.    To  invest.    Laurence. 
ENSTORE.    To  renew.     (Lat.) 
ENSTREMENT.    An  instrument. 


ENSURE.    To  assure ;  to  plight  troth.  See  tlu 

Sup  pi.  to  Hardyng,  f.  66. 
ENSWEETEN.     To  sweeten.     See  the  Optick 

Glasse  of  Humors,  p.  58. 
ENT.     Ended.     Hearne. 
ENTAILE.  (1)  Shape.     (A.-N.) 

Tliehors  of  gode  entaile  schall  have  a  lytellheed 
and  gret  rounde  eyen,  schort  eeres,  large  fronte. 

MS.  Douce  291,  f.  136. 

(2)  Place  ;  stead.     Weber. 

(3)  Sculpture  or  carving  of  any  kind.     Also,  to 
cut  or  carve ;  a  very  common  term  in  ancient 
art,   and   sometimes  applied  to   ornamental 
work  of  any  kind. 

He  made  an  ymage  of  entayle, 
Liche  to  a  womman  in  semftlaunce. 

Gower,  MS.  Soc.  Antiq.  134,  f.  105. 

ENTAILS.    Ends  of  land.     North. 
ENTALENTE.     To  excite.     (A.-N.) 
ENTAME.    To  tame;  to  subdue. 

My  son  e,  yf  thou  thy  conscience 
Bntamid  haste  in  suche  a  wise. 

Gower,  MS,  Soc.  Antiq.  134,  f.  43. 
ENTECCHES.     Spots;  stains.     (A.-N.) 
ENTECESSOllRS.    Predecessors. 

Loo,  these  ben  iij.  thynges,  as  seyn  our  entecessourg, 
1  hat  this  trewe  loveree  togedir  muste  susteine. 

MS.  Cantab.  Ff.  i.  6,  f.  151, 
ENTENCIOUN.     Intention.     (Lat.} 
ENTEND.    To  attend.    (A.-N.) 
ENTENDAUNCE.     Attention.     (A.-N.} 
ENTENDEMENT.    Understanding.     (^.-JV.) 

A  tale  of  gret  entendement 
I  thenke  telle  for  thy  sake. 

Gaioer,  MS.  Sac.  dntiq.  134,  f.  65. 

ENTENT.    Understandjng.     Weber. 
ENTENTE.  (1)  Intention.     (4.-N.} 
(2)  To  attack.    Ellis,  ii.  366. 
ENTENTED.     Attended  to.     TTeler. 
ENTENTIF.    Attentive.    (A.-N.) 

Whereas  shesatte  in  here  oratorie 
Withhert  enteutyf  and  with  hole  mcmorie. 

Lydgate,  MS.  A'tuMla  39,  f.  26. 

Nou  let  hem  here  and  under^tonde  entttnttrflyclie 

rayne  wordes.  Sowle-hcle,  Vernun  MS. 

ENTER.    To  enter  ahawk,  to  commence  train- 
ing her  to -kill  game. 

ENTERCHANGEDEN. .  Exchanged.     (A-N.) 
ENTERCLOSE.  A  passage  between  two  rooms 
in  a  house,  or  leading  from  the  door  to  the 
hall.     Oxf.  Gloss.  Arch. 
ENTERCORRE.    To  interfere.    (Lat.} 
ENTEREMENT.     Interment.    Ritson. 
ENTERLACE.    A  kind  of  verse,  mentioned  by 

R.  de  Brunne,  pref.  p.  99. 
ENTERLYCHE.     Entirely.     (A.-S.} 
ENTERMEDLED.    Intermixed.     (A^N.) 
ENTERMENTYN.     To  let  in.     Pr.  Parv. 
ENTERMETE.      To  interpose;  to   interrupt. 
(A.-N.)    See  Malory,  ii.  45. 

Thouj  I  therof  have  noujt  to  done, 
My  thou5te  wol  cntirrnete  him  sone. 

MS.  Soc.  Antiq.  134,  f.  61. 

ENTERMEWER.    A  hawk  that  changes  the 

colour  of  its  wings.    Skinner. 
ENTERMINE.    To  destroy.    (A.-N.^ 
ENTERPART.    To  share.    (A.~N.) 


ENT 


337 


EQU 


ENTERPENNED.     A  hawk  was  said  to  be  en- 

terpenned,  •when  the  feathers  of  the  wings 

were  between  the  body  and  the  thighs. 

ENTERSHOCK.    To  butt  together. 

ENTERTAILLE.    Wove-work.     (Fr.) 

ENTERTAIN.    Entertainment.     Warner. 

ENTERVIEN.    A  meeting.    (Fr.) 

ftNTERYNG.    An  interment. 

The  seme  herd  that  tydyng, 
And  come  home  to  the  entering, 

MS.  Hart.  1701,  f,  42, 

1SNTETCHED.    Marked ;  stained.    (A.-N.) 
ENTHRONISED.    Enthroned.  Knolles. 
ENTIERLOCURE.    Entirely.    Ckr.  Vil 
ENTIRDIT.    An  interdict.     (A.-N.) 

Hath  sente  the  bulle  of  his  sentence, 

With  cursynge  and  with  entirdit. 

Cower ,  MS.  Soc.  Antiq*  134,  f.  80, 

ENTISE.    To  acquire.     Gawayne. 
ENTONE.    To  tune ;  to  sing.     (A.-N.) 
ENTORYNGE.    An  interment. 

The  comyn  purs  made  Ins  entorynge. 

Qccleve,  MS.  Soc.  Antiq.  134,  f.  257, 
ENTRADAS.    Rents ;  revenues. 
ENTRAILE.    To  entwine  ;  to  fold.    (Fr.) 
ENTRE.    An  entrance.    (A.-N.) 

And  therwithalle  namid  is  eterne, 
And  at  the  entre  so  they  dide  wryte. 

Lydgate,  MS.  Sw.  Antiq.  134,  f.  15. 
ENTREAT.    To  write,  or  treat  of;  to  treat,  or 
'use  one  well  or  ill ;  to  obtain  one's  desire  ;  to 
entertain,  or  receive.    Also,  an  entreaty. 
ENTRE ATMENT.    Entreaty.     Jonson. 
ENTRECOMBNED.    Entertained  ? 

Dysportes  and  plays  and  al  maner  gladnesse 
Among  these  lusty  folkes  entercombned  be, 
With  swete  lovys  amerous  and  such  lustynesse, 
Godly  rewardys  with  gret  debonerete. 

MS.  Cantab.  Ff.  i.6,  f.  151. 

ENTREDETEN.    To  handle.    Skinner. 
ENTREBITEDE.    Interdicted.    Hearne. 
ENTREE.    An  entry.    (A.-N.) 
ENTREMEDLY.    Intermediately. 

So  entremedly  by  successioun 
Of  bothe  was  the  generacioun. 

Lydgate,  MS.  Soc.  Antiq.  134,  f.  14. 

ENTREMEES.    Dishes  served  in  between  the 

courses  at  a  feast.     (Fr.) 
ENTREMETTEN.    To  intermeddle.    (A.-N.) 
ENTRESSE.    Interest ;  business. 
ENTRETE.    A  plaster. 

It  sal  drawe  owt  the  felone  or  the  appostyme,  and 

alle  the  filthe,  and  hele  it  withowttene  any  entrete, 

bot  new  it  evene  and  morne.     MS.  Line.  Med.  f .  302. 
ENTRICE.     To  render  intricate.    (Lat.) 
ENTRIES.    Places  in  thickets  where  deer  have 

recently  passed  through. 
ENTRIKE.    To  deceive;  to  entangle.     Also, 

occasionally,  to  hinder. 

Whereof  that  hee  the  world  entriteth, 
That  many  a  man  of  him  coinpleyneth. 

Gower>  MS.  Soc.Antiq,  134,  f.  100. 
His  mysty  speche  so  harde  is  to  unfolde 
That  it  entryJceth  rederis  that  it  see. 

MS.  Dighy  232,  f.  2. 

ENTRY.  A  naiTOW  passage ;  a  lane ;  a  porch ;  a 
gate,  or  door;  an  entrance,  or  small  hall. 
North. 


ENTUNED.    Timed.    (^.-Ar.) 
ENTUNES.     Songs ;  tunes.     (A.-N.) 
ENTWITE.     To  twit ;  to  reproach. 
ENTWYN.    To  separate.    Audelay. 
ENTYREMENT.    An  interment.     Weber. 
ENTYRFERYNE.    To  interlace.    Pr.  Par*. 
ENTYRYD.    Interred.    Pr.  Pan. 
ENUCLEATE.    To  solve.    Hall. 
ENUNIED.    United.    Becon. 
ENUNTY.   Directly  opposite.    Glouc. 
ENUS.     Once.    Audelay,  p.  43. 
ENVENEMUS.    Venomous.     (A.-N.) 

It  wil  hele  the  bytyng  of  a  wood  hownde,  and  al 
maner  strokys  that  byn  envenemus,  and  it  wil  fere 
addrus  fro  the.  MS.  Med  Antiq, 

ENVENIME.    To  poison.     (A.-N.) 
ENVIE.    To  vie;  to  contend.    (A.-N.) 
ENVIRID.    Inversed.     (A.-N.) 

Of  the  Holy  Cost  rounde  aboute  envirid. 

Lydgate,  MS.  Soc.  Antiq.  134,  f.27 

Myne  armez  are  of  ancestrye, 

Enveryde  with  lordez.  MS.  Lincoln  A.  i.  17,  f.  71. 

ENVIRON.  (1)  About ;  around.    (A.-N.) 

Alle  hire  maydenis,  stondynge  envyroun, 
Gan  even  thus  for  to  crye  loude. 

Lydgute,  MS.  Soc.  Antiq.  134,  f .  Q. 

(2)  To  go  round  ;  to  surround. 

And  alle  enverounde  the  vale, 
And  voyde  whenne  hym  likede. 

MS.  Lincoln  A.  i.  17,  f.  75, 

EN  VIVE.    To  enliven ;  to  excite. 
ENVOLUPED.    Wrapt  up.    (A.-N.) 
ENVOY.    To  send.    Lijdgate. 
ENVY.    Hatred;  ill-will.    This  is  a  common 
early  use  of  the  word.     Some  old  dramatists 
have  it  in  the  sense,  to  emulate. 
There  he  had  gretechyvalry, 
He  slewe  hys  enemys  with  grete  envy. 

MS.  Cantab.  Ff.  ii.  38,  f.  72. 

ENVYNED.    Stored  with  wine.    (A.-N.) 
ENYYNTYSCHEN.     To  attenuate,    Pr.  Parv. 
ENY3N.    Eyes.     Lydgate. 
EODE,    Went.     North. 

In  that  tyme  ase  ore  Loverd  eodg  aboute, 

Ane  blinde  man  to  him  men  broujte, 

MS.  Laud.  108,  f.  1. 

EORNETH.    Runneth.    (A.-S.) 

EORTHLICHE.     Earthly.     (A.-S.) 

EOW.    Yes.     Var.  dial 

EOWER.    Your.     Salop. 

EPETITE.    A  kind  of  precious  stone. 

EPHESIAN.  A  jovial  companion.  A  cant  term, 

used  by  Shakespeare. 
EPICEDE.    A  funeral  song.     (Lat.) 
EPI STOLE  R.    The  priest  at  mass  who  chanteth 

the  epistle.     (A.-N.) 
EPS.    The  asp  tree.     Kent. 
EQUAL.    Just ;  impartial.    Massinger. 
EQUATE.    To  make  equal.    Palsgrave. 
EQUELD.    Equalled.    Lydgate. 
EQUIPENDY.    A  plumb-line ;  a  perpendicular 

or  straight  line. 

EQUIPOLENCE.    An  equivalent.     (A.-N.) 
EQUIPOLENTE.    Equivalent. 

For  in  respyte  of  tyme  cvyrmare, 
They  ben  nothyng  cquipoUnte. 

MS,  Cantab,  Ff,  ii.  38  f-  SI* 
22 


ERI 


338 


ERS 


EQUIPOLLE.   To  be  equal.    (//.-,V.) 

Ell.   Your ;  or ;  are ;  before ;  before  that ;  be ; 

former ;  early.     Arch,  and  Prov. 
EUAN.  An  errand,  or  message.  North.  Chaucer 

has  eraunde,  Du.  134. 
ERAYNE.    A  spider.    Nominate. 
ERBER.  (1)  Same  as  arber,  q.  v.    This  is  also  a 
field,  pasture,  garden,  or  an  herbary  for  fur- 
nishing domestic  medicines. 
In  an  erbcso  besycle  hur  halle, 
That  feyre  and  grene  can  spryng  and  sprede. 

MS.  Cantab.  Ff.  ii.  30,f.46. 
He  led  hym  to  a  fayre  erbei; 
The  jatis  were  of  clen  cnstalle. 

MS   Can  tab*  Ff.  v.  48,  f. 
(2)  The  conduit  leading  to  the  stomach.   An  old 

hunting  term. 
ERBES.   Herbs.    Gowcr. 
ERBO  LAT.   A  confection  made  of  several  herbs, 

eggs,  &c. 
ERBO  WLE.  A  dish  composed  chiefly  of  bullace 

and  honey. 

ERCHDEKENES.   Archdeacons.   (A.-N.) 
ERCHEBYSSCHOPES.   Archbishops. 
ERCHEVESQE.    An  archbishop.    (d.-N.) 
Eries  anil  Grcheuusys,  and  other  y-nowe. 

Mnrie  Arthure,  MS.  Line.  f.  53. 
ERCLE.  A  blister.   Salop. 
ERD.   The  earth.   North. 

We  woHe  hit  undirfonge  ful  fayn, 

If  we  Tnijt  have  oure  erd  ajayn. 

Cuetar  Mujtdi,  MS.  Coll.  Tnn.  Cantab,  f.  134. 

ERBE.  To  dwell ;  to  inhabit.   (A.-S.) 
ERDEZ.    Lands.    Gawayne* 
ERDON.  An  errand.    Cow.  Myst. 
ERD-SHREW.  A  shrew-mouse.    Topsell. 
ERDYLY.  Earthly.   Ritson. 
ERDYN.   Earthen.    (A.-S.) 
ERE.  (1)  To  plough.   (A.-N.) 

(2)  Before ;  previously. 

A  kynge  and  a  man  childe  conceyved  at  her  ere. 

MS.  Cott.  Calig.  A.  ii.  f,  110. 

(3)  An  ear.   (A.-S.) 

For  wharme  the  schipmen  ley  an  ere 
Unto  the  voyce  in  here  avis, 
They  weneit  be  a  paradis. 

Goiver,  MS.  Sac*  Antiq.  134,  f.  41. 

ERE  ABLE.  Arable.  Huhet. 

ERE-LAPPE.  The  lower  part  of  the  ear.  (A.~S?> 

See  MS.  Line.  f.  304. 
ERELLE.  An  earl.   (A.-S.) 
EREMITE,   A  hermit.  Lydgate. 
EREN.  Ears.   (A.-S.) 
ERENYE.  Sand.  Pr.  Pan. 
EREOS.  Love.   Chaucer. 
ERE-ROWNERYS.  Secret  whisperers.  (4,-S.) 

It  is  goode  that  evevry  lorde  of  the  comuntes  that 
he  bs  not  lad  bi  folis,  non  bi  noon  otii\r  ere-rownery*. 
Wimbetton's  Sermon,  1388,  MS,  Hatton  57,  p.  11. 
ERGE.   To  tease,  or  vex.    West. 
ERGOS.    Same  as  Argos,  q.  v, 
ERIE.   To  honour;  to  revere.   (A.-S,} 
JSRIEN.  To  plough.   (A.-S.) 

We  tille  na  lande,  ne  eryes,  ne  sawes,  no  j-ikes 
cother  ox  ne  horse  in  plughe  ne  in  carte,  tie  nett 
caste  we  nan«  in  the.  see  f.>r  to  take  fysche. 

MS.  Linmfn  A.  i.  17,  f  ,1:? 

SRIGE.  Straw,  or  stubble.   Line. 


ERINDE.   An  errand,  or  message. 
ERINGOES.    Were  formerly  considered  provo. 

catives.    Seethe  Citye  Match,  1C39.  p.  47  • 

Taylor's  Motto,  1622. 
ERKE.   Weary;  sick.   (A.-S.) 
ERLICHE.    Early.    Gower. 
ERLOND.    Ireland.   Pr.Parv. 
ERME.   To  grieve ;  to  lament.     (A.-S.} 
ERMIN.   Armenian.    Chaucer. 
ERMYTE.  (1)  Poverty;  misery.    (A.-S.) 
(2)  A  hermit.   Prompt.  Pan. 
ERN.  (1)  An  eagle.   North. 

From  us  he  lep  selcouth  lijt, 
Was  never  ern  so  fresshe  to  flnt. 
Cursor  Mu  i  id  i,  MS.  Call.  Tun.  Cantab,  f.  109. 

(2)  An  urn.   Rob.  Glouc. 

(3)  To  glean.   Kennett. 
ERNDE.  An  errand.   (A.-S.) 
ERNE.  (1)  To  run  ;  to  flow.   (4.-S.) 
(2)  To  yearn ;  to  desire.  Ritson. 
ERNEMORWE.   Early  in  the  morning. 
ERNEN.   To  earn  ;  to  take.    JTeler. 
ERNEND.   Running.    (A.-S.) 

ERNES.     The  loose  scattered  ears  of  corn  l«fi 

on  the  ground.    Kennett. 
ERNEST.    Zeal;  studious  pursuit  of  anvthino; 

(A.-S.) 

ERNESTFUL.    Serious ;  zealous.   (A.-S.} 
ERNESTONE.   The  sctites.   Harrison,  p.  239. 
ERNFULL.   Sad ;  lamentable.    Sussex. 
ERNUTE.   An  earth-nut.   Elyot. 
EROR.   Former.   Hearne. 
EROUST.   First.   (A.^S.) 
ERRABLE.  Arable.   Arch.  xi.  216. 
ERRxlNDE.  Wandering.   (A.-N.) 

Evyr  he  rode  forthe  ei-madr, 
Tyll  he  come  to  Momorant. 

MS.  Cantab.  Ff.  ii.  .'}«,  f.  JJ0. 

ERRA-PATER.  An  eminent  Jewish  astrologer ; 
at  least,  so  say  some  of  the  old  almamics. 
The  name  was  sometimes  used  for  an  al- 
manac. Lilly  was  also  so  called  bv  Butler. 

ERRATES.   Faults.   JMl 

ERRATIKE.    Wandering    (A.-N.) 

ERRAUNT.  Strolling.   (A.-N.) 

ERRE.  A  sore ;  a  pock-mark. 

Thee^-e*  of  hys  wowndessal  spoke 
Agayne  the,  and  of  the  ask  wreke. 

Hamptile,  MS.  Botvft,  p,  165. 
Stankc  and  roten  mine  erres  ere  ira, 

J»/,V.  Cott.  VfSfKu.  D.  vii.  f.  2(5. 
EiUlESDEKEN.    An  archdeacon. 
ERIUN.   Urine.  Devon. 
ERRISH.   Wheat  stubbie.   Kent. 
EHRIWIGGLE.  An  car-wig.  East. 
ERROUR.   Course ;  running.   (A.-N.) 
EHRYD.   Wandered.   Lyfc/afc. 
ERS.   The  fundament.   (A.-S.) 
ERSDEKNE.  An  archdeacon.   (J.-S) 
EHSH.   Stubble.   Kent. 
ERSMERT.    Culeragc.     See  an  early,  list  of 

plants  in  MS.  Sloan e  5,  f.  4. 
ERST.    First ;  formerly.     (A.-S.)    At  erst,  at 
first,  for  the  first  time. 

Than  non  erst  he  <lrew  his  hatt 
Into  the  benke  ende. 

MS.  Cantttb.  Ff.  v.  48,  f.  #>. 


ESC  339 


ERSWORT.    The  herb  mouse-car.   Sec  a  list  of 

plants  in  MS.  Sloane  5,  f.  8. 
ERTAGE.  Heritage.  Hearne. 
ERTE.  (1)  Art.  Somerset. 

Jhesu  Criste,  have  mercy  one  me, 
Als  thou  eite  kynge  of  magestcS. 

MS*  Lincoln  A.  i.  17,  f*  213. 

(2)  To  urge ;  to  compel. 
ERTHEDOUNE.    An  earthquake.    (A.-S.) 

Whenne  this  testament  was  in  wrytynge  bifore 
Alexander,  sodeynly  ther  come  a  thonnere  and  a 
levennynge,  and  ane  erthcdoime  rijte  a  hedous,  so 
that  alle  Babyloyne  qwoke  therwith, 

MS.  Lincoln  A.  i.  17,  f.  48. 

ERTHE-GALLE.  The  herb  centaury. 
JKRTHELES.  Without  earth.   (A.-S.) 
URTHEMOVINGE.   An  earthquake.    (A.-S.) 
dRTHEN.   Previously.    (A.-S.) 
ERTHESMOK.    Fumus  terras,  the  name  of  a 

plant  given  in  MS.  Sloane  5,  f.  5. 
ERTHGRINE.  An  earthquake.   (A.-S.) 
ERTHGRYTHE.   An  earthquake.   (A.-S.) 
ERTHING.  Burial.  North. 

He  had  his  eldmoder  maiden-hede, 
And  at  his  erthing  alle  lede* 

MS.  Cott.  Vespas.  A.  iii.  f.  8. 
ERTHSTANE.  The  hearth-stone.   (A.-S.) 
ERTINE.   To  irritate ;  to  provoke. 
ERTOU.   Art  thou?   (A.-S.) 
ERVE.  An  inheritance.   (A.-S.) 
Hit  werketh  wonder! iche, 
And  erves  givcth  t-ikerlich. 

MS.  Hart.  7322,  ap.  Cat.  iii.  525. 
ERY.   Every.    Var.  dial. 
ERYDAY.   Every  day.   Pr.  Paw. 
ERYE  ?  The  earth.   Pr.  Parv. 
ERYN.   Iron.     Lydgate. 

Y  saghe  hym  bere  upp  on  hys  krowne, 
Brynnyng  eryn  that  bare  hym  downe. 

MS.  Harl.  1701,  f.  10. 

ERYNDE.   An  errand.  Ititson. 

ERYS.   Ears.   Sometimes,  years. 

Wode  has  erys,  fylde  has  sijt, 
Were  the  forster  here  now  right 
Thy  wordis  shuld  like  the  ille. 

MS.  Cantab.  Ff.  v.  48,  f.  49, 

ERYSCHEMEN.   Irishmen. 

ERYTACHE.   Heritage.   Arch.  xxii.  369. 

ERYYNE  ?  Earthen.  Pr.  Parv. 

ERZELL.   Herself.   Somerset. 

ESBATEMENT.    A  play,  or  pastime.    (A.-N.) 

ESCAPE.  A  transgression.  Shaft.  Explained 
by  Blount,  "  a  violent  or  privy  evasion  out  of 
some  lawful  restraint." 

ESCHAR.   A  newt.   North. 

ESCHAUFE.    To  make  hot.    (A.-N.) 

ESCHAUNGE.  Exchange.  (A.-N.) 

ESCHE.  An  ash-tree.   Pr.  PGTV. 

ESCHEKERE.   Chess.  Also,  the  exchequer. 

ESCHELE.   Troop ;  company.   (A.-N.) 

ESCHEN.  Made  of  ash.  Salop. 

ESCHETES.  Escheats.   (A.-N.} 

ESCHEWE,   To  stir ;  to  move ;  to  go. 
The  kyng  chaungez  his  fote, 
Eschewes  a  lyttille. 

MS.  Lincoln  A.  1.  17,  f.  65. 

ESCHIVE.   To  eschew;  to  shun.   (A.-N.) 


And  in  thy  lawe  so  despende, 
That  vajne  glorye  y  schalle  eschive. 

Cower t  MS,  Soc.  Antiq,  134,  f.  58. 

ESCHTE.    Asked.   (A.-S.) 
ESCLAUNDER.   Slander ;  reproach. 

No  worschip  may  he  to  hymselfe  conquere, 
But  grete  esdaunder  unto  hym  and  her. 

Chaucer,  MS.  Cantab.  Ff.  i.  6,  f.  60. 

E SCORCHES.    Animals  that  were  flayed.    An 

old  hunting  term. 

ESCOTED.  Paid ;  supported.  Shaft. 
ESCRIED.   Observed;  descried. 
ESCRITE.  A  writing.  (A.-N.) 
ESCUAGE.    Service.    (A.-N.} 
E  SCULPED.    Sculptured.  Hall. 
ESE.  (1)  Ease;  pleasure;  to  accommodate;  to 

be  pleased.   (A.-N.) 
(2)  Bait  for  fishes.  Nominale  MS. 
ESEMENT.    Relief.    Chaucer. 
ESENDROPPERS.    Eavesdroppers.     See  the 

Fraternitye  of  Vacabondes,  1575. 
ESH.  (1)  Stubble ;  aftermath.   Surrey. 
'2)  To  ask.  Also,  an  ash  tree.  North. 
5SHIN.   A  pail.  North. 
ESHINTLE.  A  pailful.    Chesh. 
ESHORNE.   Cut  in  two.   (A.-S.) 

Why  Iiast  thou  this  sak  thus  eshorne, 
Now  is  it  spylt  and  thou  hast  it  lorn?. 

MS.  Laud.  41D,  f.  47. 

ESHTJK.    A  hook  at  the  extremity  of  a  waggon- 
horse's  traces,  in  the  form  of  an  S.    West. 

ESIE.   Gentle ;  light.   Chaucer. 

ESILICH.  Gently.    Chaucer. 

ESK.    A  newt ;  a  lizard.  North. 

ESKING.   Thepentice.  Line. 

ESKIP.   To  equip,  as  with  men,  &e. 

ESKRIE.  Aery.  Hall. 

ESLE.   To  ask.  Hearne. 

ESLOYNE.    To  remove.   Spenser. 

ESMAYE.   To  astonish.    (A.-N.) 

This  womman  woche  com  so  esmaj/edt, 
Ansueryd  with  fuJle  soffte  speche. 

MS.  Cantab.  Ff.i.  6,f.  7. 
And  thus  wexe  I  withinne  wroth, 
-That  outwarde  I  am  alle  affrayed, 
And  so  destemprid  and  esmayed. 

Gower,  MS,  Sue.  Antiq.  134,  f.  84. 

ESP.  The  asp  tree.  North. 

Tak  the  barke  of  the  esp,  and  the  rote  of  walvort, 
of  ayther  i-like  mykel,  and  stampe  thame  wele,  and 
do  it  in  a  clene  vessel.       Med.  Rec.  MS.  Bright,  f.  14. 
ESPECCION.  Especial.   (A.-N.) 
ESPECE.   A  small  portion.   Caxton. 
ESPERANCE.  Hope ;  expectation.  (A.-N.) 
ESPEYRE.  Expectation.   (A.-N.^ 

To  putten  Rome  in  fulle  &pw* 

That  Moris  was  apparaunt  eyre. 

Gower,  MS.  Soc.  Antiq.  J34,  ,f.  71, 

Thus  stante  envye  in  good  etpeyre. 

To  ben  himselfe  the  develis  eyre,  MS.  Jbid.  f.82. 
ESPIAILLE.  Spying;  private  watching,  (A.-N.) 
ESPIAL.  A  spy.   Gower. 
ESPICE.    To  look ;  to  observe. 
ESPICERIE.  Spices.  (A.-N.) 
ESPIB    An  overlooker.  Hall. 
ESPIN.  The  asp  tree.  North. 
ESPIRITUBLL.  Spiritual ;  heavenly.    (^-M) 


EST 

ESPLOIT.     Advantage.      (A.-N.) 

The  seyle  goth  uppe  and  forth  they  straujte, 
But  none  esptozi  therof  they  cai^te. 

Cower,  MS.  Soc.  Antiq.  134,  f.  151. 

ESPOIRE.     Hope.     Chaucer. 

ESPOUSE.     Spouse;  wife.     Hall 

ESP  RED.     Spread.     Sidney. 

ESPRINGOLD.      An  engine  used  for  throwing 

large  stones  in  sieges.     (A.-N.) 
ESPKYSED.     Taken.     (A.~N.) 
ESQUAYMOUS.     Equal  (?). 

That  many  one  are  so  daungerous, 
And  outeof  mesure  esqtfat/mws. 

MS.  Harl.  1701,  f.  48. 
ESQUIP.     Same  as  Es&ip,  q.  v. 
ESQUIRE.  An  esquire  of  the  body,  an  attendant 
upon  a  knight  who  carried  his  helmet,  spear, 
and  shield. 

ESS.    Ashes,  or  a  place  under  the  grate  to  re- 
ceive them  in.     North. 
ESSAY.     Same  as  Assay,  q.  v. 
ESSE.  (1)  To  ask.    Hearne. 

(2)  Ease.     Ritson. 

(3)  Is.     MS.  Cott.  Vespas.  D.  vii.  f.  2. 
ESSES.  (1)  The  collar  of  SS,  or  esses,  worn  by 

Knights  of  the-Garter. 
(2)  Large  worms.    Kent. 
JESSEW.    Issue.    Bale. 
ESSEX-LION.    A  calf.     Grose. 
ESSEX-STILE.    A  ditch.     Grose. 
ESSHEKED.     Asked.    Hearne. 
ESSHET.    Asked.    Hearne. 
ESSHOLE.    An  ash-bin.    North. 
ESSOINE.    An  excuse.     (A.-N.) 

But  jit  for  strengthe  of  matrimonye, 
He  rnyjte  make  none  essoigne. 

Gowe>\  MS.  Soc.  Antiq.  134,  f.  M>, 

ESSTE.    Asked.     Hearne. 

ESSYSE.     Habit ;  custom.    R.  de  Brunne. 

EST.  (1)  Eatest.     Hearne. 

(2)  Host.     Weler. 

(3)  Love ;  munificence.     (A.-S.) 

They  wroght  hyra  raekylle  woo, 
As  y  yow  say,  be  Goddys  est. 

MS.  Cantab.  Ff.  ii.  38,  f.  80. 

ESTABLIE.    A  guard.     (A.-N.) 
ESTAFET.    A  footman.     (Span.) 
ESTALLED.    Installed.     (A.-N.) 
She  was  translated  eternally  to  clwclle 
Amonge  sterres,  where  that  slie  is  entailed. 

MS.DigbyZW. 

ESTANDABT.    A  standard.    Hall. 
ESTASION.    A  shop,  or  stall.    <  A.-N.) 
ESTATE.    State ;  condition ;  a  wealthy  person ; 
administration  of  government ;  an  obeisance, 
ESTATELICH.  Stately.   Chaucer.   Lydgatehas 

estatly,  Minor  Poems,  p.  4. 
ESTATUTE.    A  statute.     Hall 
ESTCHEKER.    A  chess-hoard. 

Andalle  be  hit  that  In  that  place  square 
Of  the  listes,  I  mene  the  estcheJcer. 

Qcdeve,  MS.  Soc.  Antiq.  134,  f.  263. 

ESTEAD.    Instead.    North. 
ESTELIiACIOUN.     Astrology.     (A.-N.) 
ESTFRE.     State.     Hertrne. 
ESTERNE.    From  A.-N.  &tre? 


10  £TH 

And  fyl  hyt  at  an  esterne, 

TIi.it  a  preat  shul  none  outlier  wcrno. 

SIS.  Hart.  1701,  f.f,7 
ESTIMATE.     Estimation;  value. 
ESTITE.     As  well.     North. 
ESTOC.     A  small  stabbing  sword. 
ESTOPPED.     Stopped.     Hall 
ESTRADIOTS.     French  dragoons. 
ESTRAINGER.     A  stranger.     (/>.) 
ESTRE.  (1)  State;  condition.     (./.-A'.) 
Wlmt  schal  I  telIeuntoSjl\p-,trof 
Or  of  jour  name  or  of  jour  >\--t,<-  X 

(2)  A  circumstance.     (-'/.-*V.) 

(3)  Court ;  street ;  town.     ( --/.-A".) 

So  long  he  levcd  in  that  <"•//?*, 

That  for  hys  name  he  hjjt  Tunccstre, 

MX.Hn.-l,  17111,  f.  70. 

ESTRES.  The  inward  parts  of  a  buiUlincr;  cham- 
bers;  walks;  passages  in  a  garden.    (./.-A".1* 
See  Will,  and  Wcnv,  p.  Gt. 
ESTRETE.     A  street. 

Towarde  this  vice  of  whidio  we  trt'tc, 
There  ben  jit  twcye  of  thilke  r^tn'ft', 

ESTRICH-BOARPS.  Doal-ImnnK  t'\j.<»rti'tl 
from  the  Eastern  countries,  [Au>tria  ? " 

ESTRICHE.    Reserved;  haughty.     /./^,V.^ 

ESTRICH-FALCON.  A  speeies'of  liir>*>  talt'o;*, 
mentioned  in  the  old  inctric.il  rumunre  of  Ciiiy 
of  Wanvick.  Shakespeare  seents  to  allude  tt> 
this  bird  in  Ant.  and  Cleop.  iii.  1 1.  wirittr/v. 

ESTRIDGE.    An  ostrich.     Marnier, 

ESTROITS.    Narrow  cloths.   (/•>.) 

ESTUF.    Stuff;  household  goods.   'ttalL 

ESTUIFE.   A  pocket-casc.   <  /->.) 

ESUE.    To  escape.   U.-A*.) 

ESY.    Soft.    Prompt.  Paw. 

ESYNE.    Stcrcoro.    Pr.  Pan\ 

ET.  (I)  Eat ;  even,    ffwne. 

(2)  At ;  to ;  that.    Nort/t. 

ETAYNE.     A  giant,    (./.-.v.) 

Fyf  he  «aUJ»  tho«  fotilcf  thou  ftaitti^l 
Alle  my  knyghtcs  thot*  g;irte  IK*  khyw, 

*V.V.  Llnfi<l»  A,  ».  17,  f.  I3»L 

ETCH.  (1)  Stubble.    Ttmrr. 

(2)  To  eke  out;  to  augment.  A>«/. 

ETE.    Eat.    Soynmtet. 

The  ftchepcniuf^tf  tUic  that  li*'  hwattr. 

A/.V.  CitnMf:  II.  v.  415,  f,  M* 

ETERMYNABLE.    Itttenninablf, 

ETERNAL.    Infernal ;  damned,    M\/. 

ETERNH.    Everlasting,    (Lat.) 

Now  be  wdle  ware  that  thou  have  not  mittli4ik«' 
Hire  tendir  ^ovgthe  fro  Gml  that  ii  rtw  «<*. 

l#Agntet  JtfA'.  fbr*  Jutty.  131,  f,  rt. 

ETEYED.    Tied ;  gartered,    CAauwr. 

ETH.    Earth.  Also,  a  hearth,    Jf  >#/. 

ETHE.  (1)  Easy;  easily,  (,<„&)  See  Mow'i 
Supplycacyon  of  Soulvs,  f*  12. 

(2)  To  ask.    - 

ETHEN.   Ilenee. 

ETHER.  (1)  An  a<ld«r, 

(2)  The  air  or  sky.    " 

(3)  To  bind  hedges  with  flexible  rods  caHe4 
ethers,  or  et/izrinys.   Alao,  a  hedge.   (^»«EV 

(4)  Either;  each.   '  '  " 


EVE 


341 


EVE 


ETHSCHAPE.    To  escape.    Hampole. 

ETHSTE.     Asked.     Hearne. 

ETHYNDEL.    Half  a  bushel.    Pr.  Parv. 

ETON.    Eat,  pi.    (A.-S.) 

ETOW.    In  two.     North. 

ETRAATH.     Truly  •  in  truth.     Craven. 

ETRIDE.     Tried.    Higgins. 

ETTER.     Same  as  Atter,  q.  v. 

ETTETHE.    The  eighteenth.     Hearne. 

ETTICK.     Hectic.     (Fr.)    Etticlc  fever,  an  old 

phrase  for  the  ague. 
ETTIN.     Same  us  Etayne,  q.  v.     "  An  eten  in 

ich  a  fight,"  Sir  Tristrem,  p.  178. 
ETTLE.  (1)  A  nettle.     West. 

(2)  To  deal  out  sparingly.     North. 

(3)  To  prepare ;  to  set  in  order  ;  to  intend. ;  to 
try ;  to  attempt ;  to  contrive  ;  to  earn ;  to  de- 
sign ;  to  linger,  or  delay.    North.     c-  Ettclles 
to  bee  overlyng,"  i.  e.  designs  to  be  conqueror, 
MS.  Morte  Arthure,  f.  58. 

ETTLEMENT.     Intention.     North. 
ETTLINGS.    Earnings ;  wages.     North. 
ETTWEE.   A  sheath,  or  case,  for  holding  small 

'instruments.     (Fr.) 
ETTYS.    Eats.     North. 

That  es  to  saye,  that  ettysme,  jitt  hungres  thaym, 
and  thay  that  drynkes  me,  fit  thristis  thayra. 

MS.  Lincoln  A.  i.  17,  f.  193, 

ETYK.    A  fever.    Lydgate. 

EUBIDES.     The  Hebrides.    Drayton. 

EUGHT.     Owed.     North. 

EUPHUISM.  An  affected  style  of  speaking 
and  writing  introduced  at  the  close  of  the 
sixteenth  century  by  Lilly,  who  set  the  fashion 
in  works  entitled,  Euphues,  or  the  Anatomy 
of  Wit,  and  Euphues  and  his  England,  which 
are  replete  with  absurd  jargon  and  bombast. 
These  books  were  completely  the  fashion  for 
the  time,  and  their  immortality  vainly  pre- 
dicted by  the  author's  contemporaries. 

EURE.    Use ;  custom ;  ure.     Malory,  ii.  25. 

EUROSE.    Rose  water.     (A.-N.) 

EUTRIR.    To  pour  out.     Devon. 

EV.     Have.    North. 

EVANGELETT-VATS.  Cheese-vats,  so  called 
from  being  charged  with  the  images  of  the 
saints  which  were  to  be  imprinted  on  the 
cheeses.  Suffolk. 

EVANGILES.    The  Gospels.     (A.-N.) 

EVANS.  A  she -cat,  said  to  be  so  called  from  a 
witch  of  that  name. 

EVAT.    A  newt.   Somerset. 

EVE.  (1)  To  become  damp.    West. 

(2)  A  hen-roost.    Somerset. 

EVECK.    A  goat.     (Lat.) 

EVELING.  The  evening.    Devon. 

EVELLES,  Without  evil.     (A.-S.) 

EVELONG.  Oblong.  Wrongly  printed  enelong 
in  Pr.  Parv.  p,  46. 

EVEMEN.     Evening.     Dorset. 

EVEN,  (1)  To  compare.     West. 

(2)  Equal ;  to  equal,  or  make  equal. 

The  multitude  of  the  Percienes,  quod  he,  may 
nojte  be  evend  to  the  multitude  of  the  Grekes,  for 
•ewily  we  are  nrui  than  thay. 

MS.  Lincoln  A.1J7,  f.  19. 


EVEN-AND-UDD.  A  game  played  by  tossing 
up  coins.  See  Cleaveland's  Poems, "l660,  p. 
142  ;  Florio,  p.  358. 

EVEN-CR1STEN.  A  fellow-Christian,  or  neigh- 
bour. See  Hamlet,  v,  i. 

In  the  whilke  es  forbudcne  us  alle  manere  ot 
lesynges,  false  consperacje  and  fal«e  sweryng, 
whare  thurghe  oure  everte-Ciut^ttti  may  le*e  tha^re 
catelle.  MS.  Lincoln  A.  i.  17,  f.  21*. 

EVEN-DOWN.  Downright.  North.  Perhaps 
connected  with  evenden,  in  Syr  Gawayue. 

EVENE.  (1)  Evenly;  equally.    (A.-S.)  ' 

(2)  An  ear  of  corn.    Med. 

EVENE-FORTH.    Equally.     (A.-S.) 

EVENELICHE.    Evenly;  equally.    (A.-S.) 

EVENES.    Equity.    Lydgate. 

EVEN-PLAVOURED.  Unmixed;  unvaried; 
uniform.  Suffolk. 

EVEN-FORWARD.  Directly  forward  ;  in  con- 
tinued succession.  North. 

EVENHEDE.     Equality ;  equity.     (A.-S.} 

EVENINE.    Equitable.    (A.-S.) 

EVENINGS.  The  delivery  at  evening  of  a  cer- 
tain portion  of  grass  or  corn  to  a  customary 
tenant.  Kennett. 

EVENLESTEN.     The  herb  mercury 

EVENLIGHT.    Twilight. 

Anoue  sche  bidt  me  go  awey. 
And  sey  it  is  ferr  in  the  nyght, 
And  I  swere  It  is  evenlight. 

MS.  Cantab.  Pf.  i.  6,  f.  66. 

EVENLIKE.   Equal ;  equally.     (A.-S.) 
EVENLINESS.    Equality.    'Fairfax. 
EVENOLDE.   Of  the  same  age.    (A.-S.) 
EVENSONGS.    Vespers.  '(A.-S.) 
EVENTOUR.    Adventure.    Weber. 
EVEN-WHILE.    Even-time.     W.  Werw. 
EVENYNG.    Equal;  just,     (A.-S.} 
EVER.  (1)  However.    Hearne. 

(2)  At  any  time.     Far.  dial. 

(3)  Always.    (A.-S.)    Ever  in  on,  continually  in 
the  same  manner.  Ever  so  long,  a  great  while. 

(4)  Rye-grass.    Devon. 

(5)  An  opening  stile.     Glouc. 
EVER-AMONG.     See  Amonge. 
EVER-EITHER.    Both.     Wickliffe. 
EVEREMAR.    Evermore.    (A.-S.) 
EVERFERNE.    Wall  fern.     Gerard. 
EVERICH,    Each  one  ;  every  one.     (A.-S.) 
EVERIDEL.    Every  part.    (A.-S.)  M 
EVERLASTING.  (1)  American  cudweed. 

(2)  A  kind  of  strong  stuff  formerly  much  worn 
by  sergeants. 

EVERNE.    Ever;  however.    Hearne. 

EVERROSE.    Rose  water.    (A.-N.) 

EVERUCHDEL.    Every  part.    (^.-&) 

EVERY.  (1)  A  species  of  grass.    West. 

(2)  Every  each,  every  other,  alternate ;  every 
foot  anon,  every  li&e,  every  now  and  then ; 
every  whips  while,  now  and  then ;  every  whip 
and  again,  ever  and  anon ;  every  year's  land, 
land  whici  will  "bear  crops  every  year. 

EVERYCHONE.    Everyone.    (J.-S.) 
The  chylde  turnyd  hym  abowte  wyth  woundes  redd, 
And  blessyd  the  pepull  everychtme. 

MS.  Cantab.  Ff.  ii.  38,  f,  4/, 


EXA 


342 


EXP 


EVESE.    The  eaves  of  a  house.    (A.-S.) 
EVESED.     Afraid.     Lydyate. 
EVESINGE.    Eaves.    Huloet. 
EVESTERRE.    Evening  star.    Pr.  Parv, 
EVET.    A  newt.     West.     See   Huloet,   1552; 

Kyng  Alisaunder,  6126. 
EVICTED.     Dispossessed.    (Lot.) 
EVID.    Heavied ;  made  heavy. 
EVIL.  (1)  A  halter.     Grow. 
(2)  A  fork,  as  a  hay-fork,  £c.     West. 
EVIL-EVE.    An  eye  which  charms.     Supersti- 
tious people  suppose  that  the  first  mornin 
glance  of  him  who  has  an  evil  eye  is  certain 
destruction  toman  or  beast,  if  not  immediate, 
at  least  eventually, 
EVITE.    To  avoid.     (Lat.) 
JEVORYE.    Ivory.     Weber. 
EVOUR.    Ivory."     Lydgate. 

And  the  jates  of  the  palace  ware  of  evow,  wonder 

whitt,  and  the  banclez  of  tliame  and  the  legges  of 

ebene.  SIS.  Lincoln  A.  i.  17,  f. 25, 

EVYL.   A  disease ;  a  fit  of  madness  ;  to  fall  ill, 

or  sick. 

Sone  aftyr'vard  she  ev>,'7d, 

And  tleyd  sunner  tlianshe  wylde. 

MS.  Hatl.  1701,  f.  53. 
EVYI.Y,     Heavily ;  sorrowfully. 
EVYN.     Evening.    Gower. 
EVYN-LY5TIIUS.    Twilight.     (A.-S.) 
EW.    Yew.    (A.-S.)     SeeReliq,  Antiq.  i.  7. 
EWAGE.     Some  kind  of  stone,  or  amulet.    See 

Piers  Ploughman,  p.  29. 
EWARE.    A  water-bearer.     Pr.  Parv. 
EWE.   Owed.   Sttfott. 

EWE-GQWAN.    The  common  daisy.    North. 
EWER.    An  udder.    North. 
EWERY.    The  place  \vliere  the  ewers  for  wash- 
ing the  hands  before  and  after  meals  were 
kept.     Ord.  and  Reg.  p.  4. 
EWFRAS.    A  herb.    Arch.  xxx.  377. 
EWGH.    A  yew.     West, 

Next  to  it  a  dravJng-roome,  whose  floor  i?  chec- 
quered  like  a  cheese- boa  id,  with  box  and  ewgh  pan- 
nslli  of  about  ?ix  inches  square. 

Aubiet/'s  Wilts,  Royal  Sac.  MS.  p.  263. 
EWN".     An  oven.     North. 
E-WONNE.    Won.     (^.-£) 

In  loves  art  men  must  deypc  wade, 
Or  that  ye  be  conqueiyd  aucj  e-wonne. 

MS.  Fail  fax  16. 

EWTE.  (1)  To  pour  water.   Exmoor. 
(2)  A  newt.    Maundcmle. 
E \YYNS.    Hewings,    Arch.  x.  93. 
EX.  (1)  An  axle,  or  axis.     West. 
(2)  To  ask.     Glouc.  and  Dwon. 
EXAKERLY.    Exactly.     Var.  dial. 
EXALTATE.    Exalted.     (Lai.) 

Everyman  wilneth  to  be  exaltate, 
Thouje  he  be  gret,  jit  heyer  wolde  he  goo. 

Occteve,  MS.  <Soc  Antiq.  134,  f.  2fll. 

EXALTATION.  A  planet  was  said  to  be  in  its 
exaltation,  when  it  was  in  thai  sign  of  the 
zodiac  in  which  it  was  supposed  to  exert  its 
strongest  influence. 

EXAMETRON.    An  hexameter  verse. 

EXAMPLER.    A  sampler.    Palsgrave. 

EXAN.    The  herb  cross  wort.     Gerard. 


EXBURSE.    To  disburse,  or  discharge. 
EXCALIBOUR.    The  name  of  lung 

sword,  frequently  mentioned. 
EXCHEVE.    To  eschew,  or  shnn.    (A.-N.) 
EXCISE.     To  impose   upon;    to   overcharge. 

Var.  dial. 

EXCLAIM.    An  exclamation.    Shak. 
EXCOMMENGE.   To  excommunicate.   (A.-N.) 

See  Stanihnrst,  p.  26. 
EXCOURSE.    AH  expedition.     (Lat.} 
EXCREMENT.     Anything  that  grows  from  the 

human  body,  as  hair,  nails,  &c. 
EXCUSATION.    Au  excuse.    (Lat.) 
Ser,  je  muste  the  sothe  sey  me  trewly 
Withowtyn  excusacion  yn  eny  wysse  aleyde. 

MS.  Cantab.  Ff.  i.  G,  f.  143. 

EXCUSEMENT.    An  excuse. 

So  thilke  excusement  was  none. 

MS.  Soc  Aittiq.  I34;  f.  45. 

EXCYTATE.    To  excite.    Hall. 

EXE.    An  axe.    East. 

EXECUTION.    The  sacking  of  a  town.  -Nans. 

EXECUTOUR.  An  executioner.  Rvecntrice, 
a  female  executioner.  (A.-N.) 

EXEMPLAIRE.     Exemplary.     (A.-N.) 

EXEMPT.    Taken  away.     Sltak. 

EXEN.    Oxen.     North. 

EXEQUY.     Funeral    Sidney. 

EXERCISES.  Week-day  sermons,  so  callod  by 
the  Puritans. 

EXERPED.     Drawn  out.     TopselL 

EXHALE.    To  drag  out.     Shak. 

EXHERIDATE.  To  disinherit.  It  seems  also 
to  mean,  to  hate  or  detest. 

EXHIBITION.  Stipend ;  allowance.  The  term 
is  still  used  at  the  universities. 

EXIDEMIC.    An  epidemic.    Hall. 

EXIGENT.  Exigence ;  difficulty.  Also,  a  writ 
that  lies  where  the  defendant  in  an  action 
personal  cannot  be  found. 

EXILE.  Poor ;  lean  ;  endowed  wllh  small  re- 
venues. (Lat.) 

EXLE.    An  axle.    Florio,p,  67. 

EXORCISATIONS.     Exorcisms.    (A.-N.} 

EXP  AN  S- YE  RES.  Single  years,  with  the  mo- 
tions of  the  heavenly  bodies  answering  to 
them.  Chaucer. 

EXPECT.  To  suspect ;  to  conclude ;  to  suppose ; 
to  believe ;  to  wait ;  to  tarry ;  expectation. 

EXPECTAUNT.    Waiting.    (A^N.) 

EXPECTION.  Expectation.  "  With  so  much 
expection"  The  Bride,  1640,  sig.  B.  ii. 

EXPEDIENCE.  Expedition;  celerity.  Shalt. 
Also,  an  enterprise,  or  undertaking.  Expe- 
dient, quick. 

EXPEND UNTUR.  In  old  works,  an  account  o! 
the  things  expended. 

EXPERTFULL.    Expert;  skilful. 

EXPIATE.   Expired.    Shak. 

EXPIRE.    To  exhaust,  or  wear  out. 
EXPLATE.    To   explain,  or  unfold.    Jonson, 
viii.  431.    Perhaps  a  form  biexpleite,  or  ex~ 
plott,  q.  v.    We  have  expleiten  in  A  Propiiesie 
of  Cadwallader,  1604. 

EXPLEITE.  To  perform;  to  finish j  to  com- 
pletc  i  to  assist.  (A.-N.) 


EYE  & 

This  wcrlv  texpleyte  that  ye  nat  relume, 
Butmaketh  Clyo  for  to  beu  my  muse. 

MX.Di&njVM;  L  1. 

So  lete  thy  grace  to  me  di^ende  adoun, 
My  rude  tonge  to  ezpltte  and  spede. 

JUS.  Sue.  Antiq.  134,  f.  2. 

EXPLOIT.      To  perform.     Holmshed,  Cliion. 
Ireland,  p.  148.    Also,  to  apply  one's  self  to 
anything.    Palsgrave. 
EXPOSTULATE.    To  inquire.     Shak. 
EXPOSTURE.    Exposure.     Shak. 
EXPOUNEN.   To  expound  ;  to  explain.  (A.-N.) 
EXPULSE.    To  expel,  or  drive  out.     (Lat.) 
EXPURGE.    To  purge,  or  cleanse  out. 
EXQUIRE.     To  inquire.     Chapman. 
EXSUFFLICATE.    Contemptible,    (t'.at.) 
EXTABLE.    Acceptable.    State  Papers,  i.  815. 
EXTEND.    To  value  the  pioperty  of  any  one 
Vvho  has  forfeited  his  bond;  to  appiaise;  to 
seize.     A  law  term. 
EXTENDOUR.     A  surveyor;  one  TV  ho  extends 

property. 
EXTENT.    A  valuation,  or  seizure.    Hence,  a 

violent  attack. 
EXTERMINION.     Extermination.     See  Hall, 

Henry  VII.  f.  23. 

EXTERN.    External;  outward.     Nares. 
EXTIRP.    To  extirpate.    (Lat.) 
EXTRAUGHT.    Extracted.    Hall. 
EXTRAVAGANT.     Wandering.     Shak. 
EXTRE.    An  axletrce.     East. 

'\  he  firmament  and  al^o  eveiy  speie, 
Tne  golden  ejctie  and  the  sttrre:«  se\cn. 

Lydgute,  MS.  Jthntule  3f>,  f.  33. 
EXTHEAT.    Extraction.     (Fr.)      ' 
EXTRESS.    To  draw  out.     (Lot.) 
EXTRUCTION.     Destruction.    Hey  wood. 
EXULATE.   To  banish.    (Lat.)    An  exile,  Har- 

duig's  Chron.  f.  189. 
EXUPERATE.    To  overbalance. 
EXURE.     To  assure.    (A.-N.) 

Passith  pleynly  and  also  doeth  exeede 
The  wytteof  man,  I  doo  you  well  euw. 

Lydgate,  MS.  AshmoieSi),  f.  55. 
EXUS.    Axes.    Degre\aiit,  325. 
EY.  (1)  Aye  ;  yes  ;  ah  !     Nortii. 

*  My  I  thoght  the  Xnjjt,  loi>gya  gone, 
That  nae&se  atthecherche  herd  y  none. 

MS.  H,*tl.  1701,  f.20. 
(2)  An  egg.    (^.-5.) 
EYANE.    Again.    Degrevant,  431. 
EYAS.    A  young  hawk  lecently  talven  out  of 
the  nest.   Eyasmwket,  a  joungmale  sparrow- 
hawk  ;  and  hence,  mctaphoilcally,  a  boy. 
EYDENT.    Diligent.    North. 
EYDUR.    Either.    North. 

Alle  arownde,  lyke  a  frere, 

And  then  ovyrth  wart  to  eydur  eie. 

MS.  Cantab.  Ff,  n.  38,  f.  241. 

EYE.  (1)  A  small  tint  of  colour,  just  enough  to 
see.    See  Nares  in  v. 

(2)  A  brood  of  pheasants,     far.  dial. 

(3)  The  mouth  of  a  pit..    North. 

(4)  Water.  Somerset.    An  outlet  for  water  from 
a  drain.    East, 


(5)  To  observe  minutely.    Essex. 
(6) 


Awe  ;  fear  ;  power, 


KYU 

E\EABLE.    JSigutiy.     A'ord/*. 

EYE-BITE.    To  bewitch  uu   ariu«il  with  the 

evil  eye.    North. 

EYE-BREEN.     The  eyebiovrs.    Lam, 
EYE-BREKES.    E>ehds.    .\orth. 
EYE-GRASS.    Old  pasture  ground,   that  lias 

been  long  without  being  eaten.    Glouc. 
EYEN.    Eyes.    (^.-£.) 
E  YER.    Heir ;  heiress ;  air. 
EYERIE.     Same  as  Airy,  q.  v. 
EYES.     Ice. 

Be  war,  I  rede,  thou  stondest  ou  the  we,. 

MS.  Soc.  AM\q.  134,  L  255. 

EYE-SORE.  A  blemish  ;  any  disagieeable  ob- 
ject. Var.  dial. 

E\ET.  (1)  To  eat.     Wanv. 

(2)  A  small  island,  or  ait.     Kennetz. 

EYE  VANG.  A  strap  or  stay  to  which  the  girt 
of  the  saddle  is  buckled.  JDevon. 

E YGER.     Sharp ;  sour.     (Fr.) 

EYG1IE.    Fear.    Gyof  TTarw.  p.  13. 

EYGHTE.     Possessions.     (4.-S.) 

EYH.  An  eye.  Brume's  Travels,  p.  Io2.  £y/ien, 
MS.  Cott.  Vespas.  D.  vii. 

EYHE.     A  handle,  or  haft. 

EYKAKE.  A  kind  of  cake  compounded  with 
eggs.  Pr.  Parv, 

EYL.  An  ear  of  corn.  Translated  by  acus  in 
MS.  Lansd.  560,  f.  45. 

EYLDE.  To  yield;  to  return;  to  give,  or  de- 
liver up. 

E YLDEN.    Went.    Chester  Plays,  ii.  72. 

EYLDYNGE.     Fuel.     Pr.  Parv. 

EYLE.    An  island.     North. 

EYLEN.    To  ail.     (.£-£.) 

Syj  Lancelot  ei/7i/the  nothynge  but  godf, 
He  slulle  be  hole  by  pryme  of  day. 

MS.  Hatl.  2252,  f.  132. 
What  ei,led  me,  why  was  I  wade, 
That  I  cowth  so  IittJlugode? 

jl/S.  Cantab.  Ff.  v.  48,  f.  55. 

EYLI ADS.     Ogles ;  \\ anton  looks.     (/>'.) 

EYLSUM.    AVholcbome ;  sound. 

EYLYKE.    Elsewhere.     Legate. 

EYLYNE.    To  withstand.    Pr.  Pare. 

EYMANENT.    Directly  opposite.     Went, 

EYMERY.    Ashes.    Pr.  Parv. 

EYNE.  (1)  Eyes.    North. 

(2)  A  thicket  ?     MS.  Morte  Aithure. 

EYNKE.    Ink.     Hantpofo. 

EY-QWYT.    The  white  of  egg.    (.-J..S.) 

EYRAR.  A  brood  of  swans.  Sometimes,  the 
bird  itself. 

EYRE.  Grace  ;  haste ;  speed  ;  air ;  to  plough ; 
to  go ;  to  move ;  an  heiress,  or  heir ;  to  breed, 
&s  hawks  do. 

EYREN.     Eggs.    Sec  Introduction. 

EYRISH.    Aerial.    Chaucer. 

EYRONDE.    Erected.    Holme. 

EYRONE.    Eggs,  as  eyren,  q.  v. 

A  wowndyt  man  schal  kepe  hym  that  he  jete  na 
cheese,  ne  botur,  ne  cyro»t;  ne  fysche  of  the  ste,  ue 
fruytte,  ne  fiesche,  but  of  abut  that  is  gtldit;  and 
he  moot  kepe  him  fro  flcsohc-ly  talent  wythe  wym- 
men.  Med.  Rw.  JHA'.  &  igM,  f.  Itt 

EYRUS,    Years.    Hearne. 


FAD 


344 


FAG 


EYSE.    Ease.    See  Langtoft,  p.  68. 
J  the  se  wepynge  alle  weyes, 
Whenne  thou  shuldes  be  best  at  eys. 

Cufnor  Mundi,  MS.  Coll.  Tiin.  Cantab,  f.  65. 

EYSEMENTES.    Conveniences. 
EYSTEH.  .  An  oyster.     Eel.  Ant.  i.  85. 
EYTE.    Eight,    Cov.  Myst. 
EYTENDE.    The  eighth.    Lydgate. 
EYTENDELE.    Half  a  bushel,  or  the  eighth 
part  of  a  coomb,  whence  the  term.  Pr,  Parv. 


The  terms  seems  to  be  retained  in  the  Lanca- 
shire word  aghendole,  eight  pounds  of  meal, 
more  usually  •wuttennactiendote,  although  the 
derivation  is  probably  from  aghtand,  q.  v. 

EYTH.    Easy;  easily.    (4.-S.) 

EY3IRE.     The  air.    Pr.  Pan. 

EY3THE.    Eight.    Pr.  Parv. 

E3ENEN.  Eyes.  See  Wright's  Lyric  Poetry, 
p.  39.  Eje,  St.  Brandan,  p.  3. 

E3EVER.    Ever.    Audelay,  p.  26. 


FA.  (1)  Very  fast.   North. 
(2)  A  foe ;  an  enemy. 
The  countas  said,  alias ! 
3e  hafe  bene  laog  faas.     MS.  Lmc&ln  A.  i.  17,  f.  137. 

FAA.    Few. 

Eftyr  a  fact  dayes,  he  apperyde  tille  ane  that  was 
famyhare  tille  hym  in  hys  lyfc,  anil  sayde  that  ho 
-was  dampnede.  MS.  Lincoln  A.  i  17,  f-  194. 

FAAT.    A  fault.     Craven. 

FABBIN.    Flattering.    North. 

FABLE.   Idle  discourse.   (A.-N.) 

FABRICATURE.   Making.    (Lzt.) 

FABRICK-LANDS.  Lands  given  towards  the 
maintenance,  building,  or  repair  of  churches 
or  cathedrals. 

FABURDEN.  A  high  sounding  tone  or  noise 
that  fills  the  ear. 

FACCHE.  To  fetch.   Ritson. 

FACE.  (1)  To  brag ;  to  vaunt  •  to  boast ;  to  rail 
at  any  one.  To  face  one  with  a  lie,  to  make 
him  believe  it  is  true.  To  face  one  out  or 
down,  to  put  him  down  by  positive  assertions. 

(2)  To  face  about,  a  military  term,  meaning  to 
wheel  to  the  rear. 

^3)  Harm  ;  consequence.    Weber. 

(4)  Foes ;  enemies. 

Sir,  God  base  sent  the  that  grace, 
That  thou  hase  vencuste  thi/uce. 

MS.  Lincoln.  A.  i.  17,  f.  132. 

(5)  A  term  at  the  game  of  Primero,  to  stand 
boldly  upon  a  card.    See  the  Trial!  of  Wits, 
1604,  p.  112.    Whence  came  the  phrase  to 

face  it  with  a  card  of  ten,  to  face  anything 

out  by  sheer  impudence. 
FACED-CARD.  A  court-card.    West 
FACER.    An  impudent  person ;  a  boaster.  Also, 

a  bumper  of  wine. 
FACETE.    Choice;  fine.    (Lat.) 
FACHELL.    A  small  dagger  ?  Kempe. 
FACHOrT.    A  falchion,  or  sword,   (A.-N.) 
FACIIUR.    To  grow  like  in  feature.     West. 
FACKS.  By  my  faith!    Devon. 
FACON.    Afaulcon.    Torrent,  p.  21. 
FACONDE.  Eloquent ;  attractive  (A.-N.)  Also 

a  substantive,  eloquence. 
FACOND10US.    Eloquent.    Caxton. 
FACRERE.   Dissimulation. 

Ferst  ben  enformed  for  to  leere 
A,  craft  which  clewed  is  fact  v>  e. 

Cower,  MS.  BwH.  294. 

FACULTE.   Quickness ;  readiness    (Lat.) 
FAD.  (1)  Fashioned.   North. 
'2)  A  tri&ing  whim.    Warm. 

(3)  A  truss  of  straw,    Vm\  dial 


(4)  A  coloured  ball.  Line. 

(5)  To  be  busy  about  trifles.     Line, 
FADDLE.  (1)  A  pack,  or  bundle.     We&t. 
(2)  To  dandle ;  to  cherish.     Scott. 

FADDY.  Frivolous.    West.  Also  the  name  of  a 

Cornwall  dance. 
FADE.  (1)  Sad;  sorrowful.    (4.-N.) 

(2)  Dirty ;  disagreeable.   (A.-N.) 

Of  proud  wymmen  wuld  y  telle, 

But  they  are  so  wrothe  and  fVlle, 

Of  these  that  are  so  foule  and  fade, 

That  make  hem  feyrere  than  God  hem  made. 

MS.HailAtUl,  f.  22. 

(3)  Strong ;   powerful.    This  seems  to  be  the 
meaning  in  Perceval,  and  SirTristrem,  p.  145. 
Perceval,  1440,  conquered? 

(4)  To  vanish.    Shah. 

FADED.    Tainted  j  decayed.    North. 
FADER.    A  father.   (A.-S.) 
FADGE.  (1)  To  put  together  ;  to  fare ;  to  suit ; 
to  fit ;  to  agree ;  to  proceed ;  to  succeed. 

(2)  A  small  flat  loaf,  or  thick  cake;  to  beat,  or 
thrash ;  a  bundle  ;  a  fagot,   North. 

(3)  An  irregular  pace.  Line. 
FADGEE.    To  work,  or  fag.    Devon. 
FADGY.    Corpulent ;  unwieldy.  North. 
FADING.    The  name  of  an  Irish  dance,  arid  also 

the  burden  of  a  popular  Irish  song  of  a  licen- 
tious kind.  Hence,  sometimes,  a  burden  of  a 
song  is  so  called. 

FADME.  A  fathom.  Lydgate.  AUo  a  verb,  to 
fathom,  to  encompass. 

FADOM.    A  fathom.    DeMcer. 

FADOODLE.   JFutuo.  ^JDekker. 

FAEBERRY.    See  Feaoerries. 

FAED.    Faded.    Towneley  Myst. 

FAEES.   Foes ;  enemies. 

Hym  thare  be  ferde  for  nofueea, 
That  swylke  a  folke  ledcs. 

SIS.  Lmctiln  A.  i.  1?,  f.  57- 

FAEGANG.   A  gang  of  beggars.    North. 

FAERIE.  The  nation  of  Fairies ;  enchantment, 
the  work  of  Fairies .  (A.-N.) 

FAFF,   To  move  violently.   North. 

FAFFLE.  To  stutter,  or  stammer;  to  saunter; 
to  trifle  ;  to  fumble.  North.  See  Baret,  1580, 
F.  19 ;  Hollyband's  Diet.  1593. 

FAFT.    Fought.   Craven. 

FAG.  (1)  A  sheep-tick.    Line. 

(2)  To  beat,  or  thrash.  Also,  to  be  sent  about  on 
errands.   A  schoolboy 's  term. 

(3)  A  knot  in  cloth.  JBlount. 
FAGAKY.   A  vagary.    Hall 


FAX 


345 


FAL 


FAGE.  To  deceive  by  falsehood  or  flattery. 
(A.-S.)  Also,  deceit,  flattery.  See  Lydgate, 
p.  27  ;  Hardyng's  Chron.  f.  54. 

Ther  is  no  more  dredfulle  pestelens, 
Thaue  is  tonge  that  can  flatere  and  fage. 

MS.  Cantab.  Ff.  i.  6,  f.  128. 
So  that  no  wyjte/^  may  no  fayne, 
Tofore  the  ye  of  thy  sapience. 

Lyigatu,  MS,  Sac.  Antiq.  134,  f.  7- 

FAGGING.    Reaping,    or  cutting   the  stubble 

with  a  short  scythe.    West. 
FAGGS.    Fain ;  gladly.   Kent.    More  generally 

explained  %&  fades,  q.  v. 
FAGH.    Fought.    Weber. 
FAGIOLI.     French  beans.     (Ital} 
FAGOT.  (1)  A  contemptuous  term  for  a  woman  ; 

a  prostitute. 
(2)  To  cut,  or  tie  up  fagots.   Fagot  oerers,  Cocke 

Lorelles    Bote,    p.   11,    inferior    household 

servants  who  carried  fagots,  &c. 
FAIGH.    Refuse  soil,  or  stones.    North. 
FAIGHTEST.    Most  happy.   (A.-S.} 
F.AIL.  (1)  Failure;  fault.   Shale. 

(2)  To  deceive ;  to  speak  false.   (A.-N.} 

(3)  To  come  to  an  end.  Palsgrave. 

(4)  A  woman's  upper  garment. 

FAIN.  Glad ;  earnestly  desirous  ;  gladly ;  to  be 
willing,  or  ready ;  to  be  obliged,  or  compelled 
to  do  anything. 

FAINE.  To  feign ;  to  dissemble.  (A.-N.)  This 
form  occurs  in  Chaucer,  and  many  other 
writers.  See  also  Minsheu,  and  the  early  edi- 
tions of  Shakespeare. 

FAINT.     To  fade.     Var.  dial. 

FAINTY.  Languid.    Glouc. 

FAIR.  (1)  Level,  or  parallel.  Fair-walling,  the 
part  of  the  wall  above  the  projecting  founda- 
tion. Line. 

(2)  Fairness ;  beauty.   "  Faire  of  all  faires,"  Tom 
a  Lincolne,  p.  7. 

(3)  To  make  fair,  or  lovely.    ShaJc. 

(4)  A  present  at  or  from  a  fair.   North.   "  A  day 
after  the  faire,"  when  everything  is  over, 
Troubles  of  Qu.  Eliz.  1639,  sig.  G.  ii. 

'5)  Evidently ;  manifestly.    North. 

6)  To  appear ;  to  give  symptoms  of.   Hall. 

(7)  Soft  or  slow.    Westm, 

(8)  A  great  roe-buck.  Elome. 
FAIR-CONDITIONED.    Of  good  disposition. 
FAIREHEDE.     Beauty.    (A.-S.) 
FAIR-FALL.    Fair  fall  you,  good  attend  you. 

Fairfallen,  good,  honest.    North. 

FAIRING.     Same  as  Fair  (4). 

FAIRISH.    Tolerably  good.    Far.  dial. 

FAIRLY.  Softly.  Fairly  off  in  the  middle,  faint 
with  hunger.  North. 

FAIR-MAID.    A  dried  pilchard.    Devon. 

FAIRRE.    More  fair.     Will.  Werw. 

FAIR-TRO-DAYS.    Daylight.     North. 

FAIRY.  (1)  A  weasel.    'Devon. 

(2)  Although  the  fairies  have  nearly  disappeared 
from  our  popular  superstitions,  a  few  curious 
traces  of  them  may  be  found  in  provincial 
terms.  Fairy -butter,  a  fungous  excrescence, 
sometimes  found  about  the  roots  of  old  trees, 
or  a  species  of  tremelli  found  011  furze  and 


broom.  Fairy -circles,  fatry-rings,  or  fairy- 
dances,  circles  of  coarse  green  grass  often  seen 
in  meadows  and  downs,  and  attributed  to  the 
dancing  of  the  fairies ;  Aubrey's  Wilts,  Royal 
Soc.  MS.  p.  77.  Fairy-dart,  a  small  flint  or 
fossil  shaped  in  the  form  of  a  dart,  or  perhaps 
an  ancient  arrow-head ;  there  is  a  curious  su- 
perstitious account  of  one  in  MS.  Addit.  4811, 
f.  23.  Fairy  groats,  a  country  name  for  cer- 
tain old  coins,  mentioned  in  Harrison's  Eng- 
land, p.  218.  Fairy -loaves,  or  fairy-faces, 
fossil  echini.  Fairy-money,  found  treasure. 
Fairy-pipes,  small  old  tobacco-pipes,  fre- 
quently found  in  the  North  of  England.  Fairy- 
sparks,  phosphoric  light  seen  on  various  sub- 
stances in  the  night  time. 

FAITEN.  To  beg ;  to  idle ,  to  natter ;  to  de- 
ceive. (A.-N.} 

FAITERIE.  Flattery,  deception. 

My  world  stood  on  another  wheelle, 
Withouten  eny  other  fayterye. 

Cower,  ITS.  Soc.  Antiq.  134, f.  39. 

FAITH.  To  give  credit  to.  Shak.  Jonson  has 
the  adjective  faithful. 

FAITHFUL-BROTHER.    A  Puritan. 

FAITHLY.    Truly ;  properly.    (A.-N.) 

For  we  axefazthely  to  fewe  to  feghte  with  them  all. 

Morfedithure,  MS.  Lincoln,  f.95. 

FAITOUR.  An  idle  lazy  fellow;  a  deceiver;  a 
flatterer  ;  a  vagrant.  (A.-N.}  Hence,  a  gene- 
ral term  of  reproach,  a  scoundrel. 

FAKEN.    A  falcon,  or  small  cannon. 

FALCON.  A  cannon  of  2|  inch,  bore,  carrying 
2  Ib.  weight  of  shot. 

FALD.     A  handspike.     Coles. 

FALDE.  (1)  To  fold;  to  embrace. 
He  tolde  his  sqwycre  the  case, 
That  he  luffed  in  a  place 
This  frely  to  falde.        MS.  Lincoln  A.  i.  17,  f.  132. 

(2)  Felled.     Degrevant,  1051. 

FALDERED.    Fatigued.    Line. 

FALD  ING.  A  kind  of  frieze,  or  rough  cloth. 
See  Tyrwhitt,  in  v. 

FALDORE.    A  trap-door.   (FZcm.) 

FALDSTOOL.  A  portable  seat  made  to  fold 
up  like  a  camp-stool.  The  term  is  also  erro- 
neously applied  to  the  Litany-stool.  Oxf. 
Gl  Arch. 

FALE.  (1)  Fele ;  many.    (A.-S.) 

(2)  A  pustule,  or  sore.   North. 

(3)  Marshy,  or  wet  land.    Line. 
FALE\VE.    Fallow.    Weber. 
FALEWEDEN.   Fallowed.    Ritson. 
FALKY.     Long-stemmed.     Cornw. 

FALL.  (1)  To  strike  down,  or  let  fall ;  to  make 
to  fall.  East, 

(2)  A  falling-band,  or  vandyke. 

(3)  Fallen,  part.  pa.    Chaucer. 

(4)  Fall  of  the  leaf,  fall,  autumn. 

(5)  A  yeaning  of  lambs.    North. 

(6)  To  try  a  fall,  to  wrestle.     Fall  back,  fall 
edge,  at' all  adventures.     To  fall  in  ar/e,  to  be- 
come old.     To  fall  in  hand,  to  meet  with  or 
meddle.    To  fall  out  of  flesh,  to  become  lean. 
Ako  used  in  this  manner,  to  fall  a  writing,  \.v 


FAL 


346 


FAN 


•write,  to  fall  a  reading,  to  read,  £c.     To  fall 
outs  to  quarrel. 

(7)  To  follow  as  a  corollary  to  any  argument 
previously  stated. 

(8)  To  befall ;  to  happen ;  to  belong, 
FALLAL.   Meretricious.   Salop. 
FALLALS.   The  falling  ruffs  of  a  woman's  dress ; 

any  gay  ornaments.     Var.  dial. 
F  ALLAN  D-EYYL.    The  falling  sickness. 
FALLAS.    Deceit ;  fallacy.    (A.-N.}    Hall  has 
fattaa:,  Hemy  VII.  f.  32. 

Thorow  coverture  of  his  fallui, 
And  ryjt  bo  in  serablable  cas. 

Cower,  MS  Soc.  dutiq.  134,  f,  42. 

FALLE.    A  mouse-trap.    Pr.  Parv- 

-FALLEN.    Slaked.     Craven. 

FALLEN-WOOL.  Wool  from  a  sheep  killed  by 
disease  or  accident.  North. 

FALLERA.  A  disease  in  hawks,  in  which  their 
claws  turn  white. 

FALL-GATE.  A  gate  across  a  public  road.  Norf. 

FALLING-BANDS.  Neck-bands  worn  so  as  to 
fall  on  the  shoulders,  much  worn  in  the  seven- 
teenth century. 

TALLIN  G-DOWN.    The  epilepsy.    Pr.Parv. 

FALLINGS.   Dropped  fruit    South. 

FALLOW-FIELD.    A  common-field.    Glouc. 

FALLOWFORTIL     A  waterfall.    Line. 

FALLO\T-HAY.  Hay  grown  upon  a  fallow,  or 
new  natural  ley.  North. 

FALLOWS.    The  strakes  of  a  cart.     West. 

FALLS.  The  divisions  of  a  large  arable  field 
attached  to  a  village.  North. 

FALOUN.    Felon ;  wicked.    (^.-;V.) 

FA.LOWE.    To  turn  pale  or  yellow.   (^.-£) 

His  lippis  like  to  the  lede, 

And  his  lire  falotoeds.      MS.  Lincoln.  A.  i.  17,  f.  94. 

FALSDOM.    Falsehood.    (^.-£) 

FALSE.  (1)  Stupid;  obstinate;  wanting  spirit ; 
sly ;  cunning ;  deceitful ;  forsworn ;  perjured. 

(2)  To  falsify ;  to  betray  ;  to  deceive ;  to  whee- 
dle ;  to  flatter ;  to  desert ;  to  baffle. 

FALSE -BLOWS.  The  male  flowers  of  the  melon 
and  cucumber.  East. 

FALSE-BRAY.    A  counter-breastwork.   (Fr.} 

FALSEHED.    Falsehood.    (A.-S.) 

FALSE-POINT.    A  trick,  or  stratagem. 

FALSE-QUARTERS,  A  soreness  inside  the 
hoofs  of  horses.  Holme,  1688. 

FALSER.    False.   Jonson. 

FALSE-ROOF.  The  space  between  the  ceiling 
of  the  garret  and  the  roof. 

FALSOR.  Deceiver,  « Detested  falsor,"  Wo- 
man in  the  Moone,  1597. 

FALSTE.   Falsity;  falseness.    (4.-N.) 

FALTER.  To  thrash  barley  in  the  chaff.  Fal- 
tering-irons, a  barley-chopper.  Line. 

FALTERED.    Dishevelled.    North. 

FALWE.  Yellow.  Chaucer.  Also,  to  turn  yel- 
low. SyrGowghter,  62. 

FALWES.  Fallow  lands.  Also,  new  ploughed 
fields,  or  fields  recently  made  arable.  See  Pr. 
Parv.  p.  148,  "falow,  londe  eryd,  novale." 
The  Latin  here  given  bears  both  interprc- ; 


tations,  although  the  latter  is  evideiir  ^ 
tended  by  the  author. 

FALYF.    Fallow.    Ritson. 

FAMATION.    Defamation.    HaB. 

FAMBLE.  To  stutter,  or  murmur  inarticu- 
lately. Line,  It  occurs  in  Cotgrave,  in  v. 
Baver,  and  in  Coles.  "  Stameren  other  fame- 
len,"  MS.  Karl.  7322. 

FAMBLE-CROP.  The  first  stomach  in  rumi- 
nating animals.  East. 

FAMBLES.    Hands.    DeMer. 

FAME.  (1)  To  defame.     Ritson,  in.  161. 

False  ami  fckylle  wab  that  wyghte, 
That  lady  for  to  fame. 

MS.  Cantab.  Ff.  ii.  38,  f.  71. 

(2)  The  foam  of  the  sea.    (d.-$.) 

Myldor,  he  said,  es  hir  name, 
Scho  es  white  als  the  fame. 

MS.  Lincoln  A.  i   17,  f.  132, 

(3)  A  surgeon's  lancet.    Line. 
FAMEN.  (1)  To  famish,    llearne 
(2)  Foes ;  enemies.   (A.-S.) 

To  fyghtewyth  thyfuamene, 

That  us  unfaire  lecles.    MS.  Morte  A>  th ure,  f .  56. 

FAMILB.   To  be  famished,    JJ'ctrw. 

FAMILIAR.  A  demon  or  spirit  attendant  upon 
awitcli  or  conjurer,  often  in  the  form  of  an 
animal,  a  dog,  &c. 

FAMILOTJS.    Adj.    Family.    North. 

FAMILY-OF-LOVE.  A  fanatical  sect  intro- 
duced into  England  about  1500,  distinguished 
by  their  love  to  all  men,  and  passive  obedi- 
ence to  established  authority.  The  members 
of  it  were  called  Famili&ts,  and  are  mentioned 
in  a  list  of  sects  in  Taylor's  Motto,  1622. 

FAMOSED.    Celebrated.   Shak. 

FAMULAR.    Domestic.    (Lat.) 

FAN.  (1)  To  tease ;  to  banter ;  to  beat  or  thrash 
anyone.  Sussex. 

(2)  Found ;  felt.    Cumb. 

(3)  To  stir  about  briskly.    Line. 

(4)  To  winnow  corn.    Var.  dial. 
FANCICAL.   Fanciful.    West. 
FANCIES.    Light  ballads,  or  airs.    S/iaL 
FANCY.(l)Love.    fancy-free.  Shak.  A  sweet- 
heart is  still  called  a  fancy -man, 

(2)  A  riband;  a  prize  for  dancers. 
FAND.    Found.    Tundale,  p.  14. 
FANDE.    To  try,  or  prove.    (^.-£) 
He  was  in  the  Haly  Lande, 
Dedis  of  arrnes  for  tofande. 

MS.  Lincoln  A.  1. 17,  f.  130, 
They  wolde  themselfe/awrie 
To  scke  aventurs  nyghte  and  day. 

MS.  Cantab,  Ff.  il.38,  f.  243. 

FANDING,    Trial ;  temptation. 

Pauls  prayed  to  God  that  he  suicl  fordo  thase 
fttndyngef  that  hym  pynede  so  sare,  bot  God  her^i 
hyjne  noghte.  MS.  Mncotn  A.  i.  17,  f.  23f. 

FANE.  (1)  A  weathercock,  formerly  made  in 
various  shapes,  seldom  in  that  of  the  bird 
whence  the  modern  term  is  derived 

|2)  A  banner.    (A.-S.) 

'3)  The  white  flower-de-luce.    Gemrd. 

(4)  Foes ;  enemies.  MS,  Cott.  Vesp.  D.  ril 

(5)  A  rope  attached  to  the  mast  of  a  vessel  ?    See 
Tr.  Parv,  p.  U8,  and  Ihicattge,  in  v. 


FAR 


347 


FAR 


"  A  fayne  of  a  schipe"  may,  perhaps,  only  mean 
a  weathercock  on  the  top  of  the  mast.  See  Sir 
Eglamour,  1192. 

Of  syh  or  his  maste,  of  golde  his  fane. 

MS.  Lincoln  A.i  1 7, f.  146. 
FANER.    A  winnower.    Lydgate. 
FANFECKLED.  Freckled ;  sunburnt.    North. 
FANG,  (i)  A  fin.  East.  A  paw,  or  claw.  North. 
Also,  to  grasp  or  clench. 

(2)  To  strangle ;  to  bind.    Wilts. 

(3)  To  be  godfather  or  godmother  to  a  child. 
Somerset. 

FANGAST.    Fit  for  marriage,  said  of  a  maid. 

Norf.    Now  obsolete. 

FANGE.  To  catch,  or  lay  hold  of.  (A.-S.) 
The  synne  God  hateth  that  on  hem  hangeth, 
And  Goddes  hatred  hellehytfangetfi. 

FANGER.   A  receiver.    (4,-S.) 

FANGLE.    A  trifle,  or  toy.   (A.-S.) 

FANGLED.    Trifling.    Shale. 

FANNAND.  Flowing.    Gawayne. 

FANNEL.    Afanon.    Davies'  Rites,  p.  16. 

FANOM-WATER.  The  acrimonious  discharge 
from  the  sores  of  cattle.  Warw. 

FANON.  A  priest's  maniple.  (A.-N.)  "Fanon, 
a  faunell  or  maniple,  a  scarfe-like  ornament 
worn  in  the  left  arme  of  a  sacrificing  priest," 
Cotgrave. 

FANSET.    A  faucet.    Suffolk. 

FANSOME.    Kind;  fondling.    Gumb. 

FANTASIE.  Fancy.  (A.-N.)  Also  a  verb,  to 
fancy,  to  like  any  one.  Fantasieng,  Harrison's 
England,  p.  118. 

FANTASTICO.    A  coxcomb.     (Ital.) 

FANTEAGUE.  A  worry,  or  bustle.  Also,  ill- 
humour.  Var.  dial. 

FANTICKLES.    Freckles.     Yorfoh. 

FANTOME.  (1)  Faint;  weak.  Fantome-corn, 
corn  that  is  unproductive.  Fantome-flesh, 
flesh  that  hangs  loosely  on  the  bone.  A  fan- 
tome  fellow,  a  light-headed  person. 

(2)  Any  false  imagination.    (A.-N.) 

(3)  Vanity.    MS.  Cott.  Vespas.  D.  vii. 
FANTOMYSLICHE,     Visionary.     Chr.  Vil 
FANTONY.    Deceitful.     (A.-N.) 
FANTYSE.    Deceit.     (A.-N.) 

Ther  wyste  no  man  that  was  wio/ht 
Of  liysfantyse  and  hys  thoght. 

MS.  Cantab.  Ff.  ii.  38,  f.  172. 

FAP.    Drunk ;  tipsy.     Shah 

FAPES.    Gooseberries.    East. 

FA.R.  Farther.  North.  "  I'll  be  far  if  I  do," 
i.  e.  I  will  not. 

FARAND.  Used  in  composition  for  advancing 
towards,  or  being  ready.  Fighting  farand, 
ready  for  fighting.  Farand-man,  a  traveller 
or  itinerant  merchant.  This  usage  is  proba- 
bly from  fare,  to  go.  Farand  also  means 
fashion,  manner,  and  countenance,  perhaps 
from  faring ;  so  well  or  itt-farand,  good  or 
bad-looking.  The  last  sense  leans  to  the 
favourable  interpretation  unless  joined  with 
words  of  opposite  signification.  Hence  fa- 
rantly,  orderly,  handsome,  comely,  good-na- 
tured, respectable,  neat,  North, 


FAR-AWAY.     By  much  ;  by  far.     North. 
FAR-BY.     Compared  with.     North. 
FARCE.  (1)  To  paint.     Chaucer. 
(2)  To  stuff;  to  fill  out.     (Fr.)    See   Optick 

Glasse  of  Humors,  1639,  p.  11. 
FARCION.     The  farcy,  a  disease  in  horses 
FARD.  (1)  Afraid,     fowneley  Myst. 
(2)  To  paint  the  face.     (Fr.)    See  Du  Bartas, 

p.  376.     Also  a  substantive.    "  A  certayn  gay 

glosse  or  farde,"  Palsgrave's  Acolastus,  1540. 
FARDEL.  A  burthen.   Also  a  verb,  to  pack  up. 

See  Trial!  of  Wits,  1604,  p.  170;  Hawkins. 

iii.  64 ;  Hollyband,  in  v.  Charge. 
FARDEN.     Fared ;  flashed.     Percy. 
FARDINGALE.     The  fourth  part  of  an  acre. 

Wilts.    MS.  Lansd.  1033. 
FARDREDEAL.    An  impediment,     (Fr.) 
FARE.  (1)  To  appear ;  to  seem.     Suffolk. 

(2)  To  go  ;  to  cause  to  go ;  to  proceed  ;  to  near, 
or  approach;  to  depart ;  to  feel;  to  eat,  to 
live.  North.    The  first  meanings  are  common 
in  early  English.     "  To  blisse  shalle  fare," 
MS.  Cantab.  Ff.  Y.  48,  f.  69. 

(3)  A  journey ;  course,  or  path.    (A.-S.}     "  lie 
that  folowes  my  fare,"  MS.  Morte  Arthure. 
See  Perceval,  1037. 

(4)  A  litter  of  pigs ;  the  trace  of  a  hare ;  conduct, 
or  behaviour ;  countenance,  or  face.     North. 

(5)  Unusual  display  ;   entertainment ;  proceed- 
ing ;*  adventure ;  onset ;  speech ;  step ;  move- 
ment ;  action.     Gawayne.     It  is  often  equi- 
valent to  business,  ado,  or  going  on.    "  I  ne 
com  of  no  sich  fare,"  MS.  Cantab.  Ff.  v.  48, 
f.  52.     See  Thornton  Romances,  p.  33. 

(6)  Fur  ?     Sir  Perceval,  411. 

(7)  A  game  played  with  dice. 

(8)  To  resemble,  or  act  like  another ;  to  take  on 
as  in  sorrow.     To  fare  foul  with  any  one,  to 
use  him  badly. 

(9)  A  boast.    Pr.  Parv. 

(10)  To  ache,  or  throb.    North. 
FAREINGS.    Feelings ;  symptoms.    East. 
FAREMAKERE.     A  boaster.    Pr.  Pan. 
FAREWEEL.    A  taste,  or  relish-    North. 
FAREWELL.      Farewell,  and  u  thowand,   a 

thousand  times  farewell. 
FAR-FET.    Far-fetched.     Somerset. 
FAR-FORTHE.    Far  in  advance.     (A.-S.) 
Now  be  we  so  far-forthe  come, 
Syeke  mote  we  of  the  dome. 

MS.  Laud.  41G,  f.  11«. 

FARISH-ON.    Advanced  in  years.  Also,  nearly 

intoxicated.    North. 
FARL.     An  oat-cake.     Northumb. 
FARLEY.    Fairly;  plainly.    Ritson. 
FARLTES.    Wonders ;  strange  things.   North. 
FARLOOPER.    An  interloper.     West. 
FARM.    To  cleanse,  or  empty.     West. 
FARME.    FoodjameaL    (4.-S.) 
FARMER.    The  elcte&i  son  of  the  occupier  .of  a 

farm.      Suffolk.     Anciently,    a  yeoman  or 

country  gentleman* 
FARMERY.    Aa  infirmary-    See  Davies'  Rites 

pp.  88,  138, 153 ;  Bale's  Kynge  Johan,  p.  82. 
FARN.    Fared,  or  gone.    (A.-S») 


FAS 


348 


FAIT 


Whenne  Heioude  was  of  lif  fain, 
Aaaungel  coom  Joseph  to  warn. 

Cursor  Mundi,  MS.  Coll.  Ti  in.  Cantab,  f,  74. 
FARNTICKLES.     Freckles.    North. 
FARR.    To  ache.     North. 
FARRAND.    Deep  ;  cunning.    Line. 
FARREL.    The  fourth  part  o£  a  circular  oat- 
cake,  the  division  being  made  by  a  cross. 
North. 

FARREN.    Half  an  acre.     West. 
FARRISEES.    Fairies,    East. 
FARROW.    A  litter  of  pigs.    East. 
FARROW-COW.    A  barren  cow.     North. 
FAKRUPS.    The  devil.     Yorksh. 
PARSE.     To  stuff;  to  fill;  to  eat.    Also,  the 
stuffing  of  a  bird,  &c. 

Bot  m  hys  delytes  settes  hya  hert  fast, 
And /cm  als  this  lyfe  solde  «iy  last. 

ELampole,  MS,  Bowes,  p.  19. 

FARSET.    A  chest,  or  coffer,     dinner. 

FAUST.     Farthest.     Craven. 

FARSURE.    Stuffing.    Forme  of  Cury. 

FARSYN.    The  farcy. 

It  cometh  moste  comuueliche  aboute  the  houndes 
ers  and  yn  hure  legges,  than  yn  any  other  places, 
as  th&farsi/n,  and  «it  this  is  wors  to  be  hool. 

MS.  Bod!.  546. 

FART.    A  Portugal  fig.    Elyof. 

FARTHELL.    Same  as  Fardel,  q.  v. 

FARTHER.     I'll  be  farther  if  J  do  it,  L  e.  1 
won't  do  it.    Var.  dial. 

FARTHING.    Thirty  acres.     Cornw. 

FARTHINGS.    Flattened  peas.     West. 

FAR-WELTERED.    Cast,  as  a  sheep.   Line. 

FAS.    A  porridge-pot.    Line. 

FASE.    Foes.    See  Ritson,  i.  65. 

Welcome,  sir,  to  this  place  ! 

I  swere  the,  by  Goddis  grace, 

We  hafe  bene  Izngefase.  MS.  Lincoln  A.  u  17,  f.  137- 
FASGUNTIDE.    Shrove-tide.     Norf. 
FASH.   (1)   Trouble;  care;  anxiety;  fatigue. 

Also  a  verb.    North. 

(2)  The  tops  of  turnips,  &c.    Lane. 

(3)  Rough,  applied  to  metal.    North. 

(4)  A  fringe,  or  row  of  anything  worn  like  a 
fringe.    (^.-£) 

FASHERY.    Over  niceness.    Cumb. 
FASHION.  (1)  The  farcy  in  horses.     Wilts. 

Shakespeare  and  Dekker  have  fashions. 
(2)  State-of  health.    Also,  to  presume. 
FASHIOUS.    Troublesome.     Craven. 
FASHOUS.    Unfortunate ;  shameful.     Chesh. 
FASIL.    To  dawdle.  Line.  It  anciently  meant, 

to  ravel,  as  silk,  &c. 
FASOUN.    Fashion ;  form.    Ritson. 
FASSIDE.     Stuffed.     Reliq.  Antiq.  i.  85. 
PASSINGS.    Any  hanging  fibres  of  roots  of 

plants,  &c.    Lane. 
FAS  SIS.     Tassels ;  hangings.    Hall. 
FASSYONE.    Acknowledgment.     Pr.  Part. 
FAST.  (1)  The  understratum.     West. 
(2)  Full ;  busy ;  very  gay.     North. 
(Z)  Liberally.    Robson,  p.  9. 

(4)  A  dish  in  ancient  cookery,  composed  of  eggs, 
pigeons,  and  onions. 

(5)  In  use ;  not  to  be  had.    East. 


(6)  Very  near.  Hence,  intimate.  Line.  In 
early  writers,  it  means  sure,  firm. 

FAST-AND-LOOSE.  A  cheating  game,  played 
with  a  stick  and  a  belt  or  string,  so  arranged 
that  a  spectator  would  think  he  could  make 
the  latter  fast  by  placing  a  stick  through  its 
intricate  folds,  whereas  the  operator  could  de- 
tach it  at  once.  The  term  is  often  used  me- 
taphorically. 

FAST-BY.    Very  near.     Var.  dial. 

FASTE.  (1)  Faced,  as  a  hypocrite.     Gower. 

(2)  To  fasten ;  to  marry.     (A.-S.) 

That  they  schulde  fasts  fiur  with  no  fere, 
But  he  were  prynce  or  pryncys  pere. 

MS.  Cantab.  Ff.  ii,  38,  f .  ft. 

FASTEN.    To  detain ;  to  seize.    North. 

FASTENING-PENNY.  Earnest  money.  North. 

FASTENS.  Shrove-Tuesday.  Also  called  Fas- 
tens-Tuesday.  A  seed-cake  was  the  staple 
commodity  of  this  day,  now  exchanged  for 
pancakes.  Langley  mentions  Fastingham- 
Tuesday,  a  variation  of  the  same  term.  Fas- 
tinffong,  Shrove-Tide,  Howard  Household 
Books,  p.  117.  "  At  fastyngonge,  a  yuaresme- 
prennant"  Palsgrave.  Fast-gonge,  Pr.  Parv. 
p.  151.  Fastime,  Hardy ng. 

FASTNER.    A  warrant.     Grose. 

FAS  YL.    A  flaw  in  cloth.     Withals. 

FAT.  (1)  To  fetch.    Var.  dial 

(2)  A  vat,  or  vessel  used  in  tewing.  Formerly, 

any  tub  or  packing  case. 
3)  To  make  fat,  or  fatten.    Line. 

'4)  Eight  bushels,  a  quarter  of  grain. 

FATCH.     Thatch.    Also,  vetches.     West. 

PATCHED.    Troubled;  perplexed.     North* 

FATE.  (1)  Fetched.     Chron.  Vilod.  p.  54. 

(2)  To  fade ;  to  lose  colour.    Pr.  Pare. 

FATHEADED.     Stupid.     Var.  dial 

FAT-HEN.    The  wild  orache.    Var.  dial. 

FATHE  R.  To  impute  anything,  or  lay  a  charge 
to  one.  Var.  dial. 

FATHER- JOHNSON.  A  schoolboy's  term  for 
the  finis  or  end  of  a  book. 

FATHER-LAW.    A  father-in-law.     West. 

FATHER-LONGLEGS.  The  long  slender-legged 
spider,  very  common  in  harvest  time. 

FATIDICAL.    Prophetic.    Topsail 

FATIGATE.    Fatigued ;  wearied.    Hall. 

FATNESS.    Marrow ;  grease.    Line. 

FAT-SAGG.    Hanging  with  fat.    Hutoet. 

FATTERS.    Tatters.    Craven. 

FATTIN.    A  small  quantity.    North. 

FATTLE.  A  beat  to  jump  from,  a  schoolboy's 
term.  Line. 

FATURE.    Same  as  Faifour,  q.  v. 

FAUCHON.    A  sword,  or  falchion.    (^,-M) 
Gye  hath  hym  a  stroke  raghte 
Wyth  hysjfawcfton  at  a  draghte. 

MS.  Cantab.  Ff .  ii.  38,  f.  IS? 

FAUD.    A  fold  for  cattle.    North. 

FAUDEN.    Folding.     Craven. 

FAUF.  Fallow  land.  North.  Kennett,  MS. 
Lansd.  1033,  has/ottpA-tond. 

FAUGHT.  (1)  Fetched.    West. 

(2)  To  want,  or  fail    North. 

FAUGIITE.   A  fault    t'aaeton. 


FAW 


349 


FEA 


FAUKUN-RAMAGE.  A  ramage  hawk.  It  is 
ihefalco  peregrinus  in  MS.  Addit.  11579. 

FAUL.    A  farm-yard.    Cumb. 

FAULKNING.    Hawking.    Ftorio. 

FAULT.  (1)  To  commit  a  fault;  to  find  fault 
•with ;  to  blame. 

(2)  Misfortune.    Sha&. 

(3)  To  fail,  as  Faught  (2). 
FAUN.  (1)  Fallen.     Var.  dial 

(2)  A  floodgate,  or  water-gate.    (A.-N.) 

(3)  To  produce  a  faun.    Pak^ave. 
FAUNGE.    To  take ;  to  seize.    (A.-S.) 
FAUNTE.    A  child,  or  infant.    (A.-N.) 

How  that  helyeth  in  olothis  narcxw  wounde, 
Thisjonge/awnte,  with  chere  fullebemgne. 

Lydgate,  MS.  Soc.  Antiq.  134,  f.  11. 

FAUNTEKYN.  A  very  small  faunte,  q.  v. 
"  Whenne  I  was  afanteftyne,  I  was  fonde  in  a 
toune,  in  acradyl,"  Gesta  Rom.  p.  215. 

Thow  arte  bot  a  fawntkyne,  no  ferly  nie  thynkkys, 

Thou  wille  be  flayede  for  a  flye  that  one  thy  flesche 
lyghttes.         Marts  Arthurs,  MS.  Lincoln,  f.  79. 

FAUNTELTEE.    Childishness.    (^.-AT.) 

FAURED.    Favoured.    North. 

FAUSE.  Shrewd ;  cunning ;  treacherous.  Also 
to  coax,  or  wheedle.  North. 

FAUSEN.  (1)  False ;  bad ;  sly.     Gower.  \ 

(2)  A  very  young  eel.     Chapman. 

FAUSONED.    Fashioned,     Gower. 

FAUT.    To  find  out,  or  discover.    East, 

FAUTE.    Fault;  want.     (A.-N.) 

FAUTORS.  Aiders ;  supporters.  (Lot.)  Fau- 
triose  occurs  in  Brit.  Bibl.  iii.  76. 

FAUTY.    Decayed ;  rotten.    North. 

FAVASOUR.    A  vavasour.     (A.-N.) 

FAVELL.  Cajolery;  deception  by  flattery. 
(A.-N.)  Hence  curryfavel,  q.  v.  It  was  also 
the  name  of  a  horse. 

FAYEREL.    An  onion.    Line. 

FAVEROLE.    The  herb  water-dragons. 

FAVIROUS.    Beautiful.    Chaucer. 

FAVOUR.  Look;  countenance.  Also,  to  re- 
semble in  countenance.  Favourable,  beautiful. 

FAVOURS.    Love-locks.     Taylor. 

FAW.  (1)  To  take,  or  receive.  North. 

(2)  An  itinerant  tinker,  potter,  &c.     Cumb. 

FAWCHYN.    To  cut  with  a  sword.     Skelton. 

FAWD.    A  bundle  of  straw.    Cum I. 

FAWDYNE.    A  notary.    Nominate  MS. 

FAWE.  (1)  Enmity.     Hearne. 

(2)  Glad;  gladly.    (A.-S.) 

(3)  Variegated ;  of  different  colours.     (A.-S.) 
FAW-GANG.    A  gang  of  faws.    Cumb.  Francis 

Heron,  King  of  the  Faws,  was  buried  at  Jar- 
row,  13  Jan,  1756,  Chron.  Mirab.  p.  6. 
FAWKENERE.    A  falconer. 

He  calde  forthe  hysfawkenere, 
And  seyde  he  wolde  to  the  ryvere 
Wyth  hys  hawkys  hytn  to  playe. 

MS.  Cantab.  Ff.  ii.  38,  f.  160. 
FAWN.    Fallen.    North. 
FAWNANDE,  Fawning. 

For  they  to  the  hort  ben  fawwande, 
The  more  they  rtysceyve,  yf  hyt  assente. 

MS.  dintab.  Ff.  ii.  38,  f.  13. 
FAWNE.    Fain ;  glad.    Pr.  Parv. 


FAWNE  Y.    A  ring.     Grost . 

FAWS.     A  fox.     North. 

FAWTE.    Fault ;  want  of  strength. 
The  lady  gane  thane  upstandej 
For  fawte  scho  myght  speke  no  wcrde. 

MS.  Lincoln  A   i.  1?4  f,  J44 

FAWTELES.  Without  a  defect. 
Hekepythayewcll  In  trpsorye, 
That  fawteles  kepyth  hys  own  name. 

MS.  Cantab.  Ff  ii.  38,  f.24. 

FAWTER.     To  thrash  barley.   North. 
FAWTUTTE.    Failed ;  wanted.     Robson. 
FAX.     The  hair.     (A.-S.) 
And  here  hondes  bowndea  at  her  bakke  fulle  bittyrly 

thanne, 
And  schoven  of  her  fax  and  alle  her  fayre  berdes. 

MS.  Cott.  Cahff.  A.  ii,  f.  112. 
FAXED-STAR.    A  comet.     Cumb. 
FAXWAX.    The  tendon  of  the  neck.    Le  wen 
au  col,  Reliq.  Antiq.  ii.  78.    Paxwax  is  still 
used  in  the  same  sense. 
FAY.  (1)  A  fairy ;  a  spirit.    (A.-N.) 

Jn  sondry  wise  hire  forme  chaungeth  ; 
Sche  semeth  fay  and  no  vomman. 

Gotve} ,  MS.  Soc.  AMiq.  134,  f,  152 

'2)  To  clean  out ;  to  cleanse.    East. 

(3)  Faith ;  truth  ;  belief.     (A.-N.)    "  I  telle  jow 

in  fay,"  Sir  Degrevant,  MS.  Lincoln,  f.  132. 

)  To  prosper;  to  go  on  favourably ;  to  succeed  ; 

to  act ;  to  work.    South. 
(5)  Doomed  or  fated  to  die.     (A.-S.) 
?AYEK    Fair.    Lydgatc. 
FAYLED.   Wanted,  i.  e.  lost. 

Lyt  was  a  swynhorde  yn  thys  cuntre, 
And  kept  swyne  grete  plente, 
So  on  a  day  he  fay  led  a  boor, 
And  began  to  morne  and  syked  sore. 

MS.  Cantab.  Ff.  ii.  38,  f.  131. 

FAYLES.    An  old  game,  differing  very  slightly 

from  backgammon. 
FAYLLARD.    Deceitful.    (A.-N.) 
FAYLY.  (I)  A  coward ;  a  traitor.    (A*-N.) 
(2)  To  fail.     Gawayne. 
FAYNARE.    A  flatterer.    Pr.  Parv. 
FAYNE.  (1)  To  sing.    SMton. 
(2)  A  vein  of  the  body. 

And  tasted  hys  senows  and  hys  faynet 

And  seyde  he  had  moche  payne. 

MS.  Cantab.  Ff.  ii.  38,  f.  138, 

FAYNES.    Gladness ;  joy.    Ps.  Cott. 

FAYNTYSE.     Deceit ;  treachery.     (^.-AT.) 
Tclle  me  in  what  maner  of  wyse 
I  have  thys  dredc  and  thys/aynfyse. 

MS.  Cantab.  Ff  ii.  38,  f.  224. 

FAYRE.    Fair ;  fairly ;  gracefully.    (A.-S.) 

FAYRSE.    Fierce.    Riteon. 

FAYRY.    Magic;  illusion.     (A..N.) 

FAYTE.    To  betray ;  to  deceive.    (A-_Y.) 

FAYTES.    Facts ;  deeds ;  doings.     SMton. 

FAYTHELY.     Certainly.    Gawayne. 

FAYTORS.  Fortune-tellers.  C^ose.  Obvi- 
ously derived  from  A.-N.  Faiturik,. 

FAYTOURS-GREES.  The  herb  spurge.  Pr. 
Paro. 

FAZOUN.   Fashion;  appearance.     Weber* 

FA3LICHE.    Truly ;  certainly ;  in  faith. 

FEABERRIES.  Gooseberries.  Var.  dial.  Cot- 
grave  has  this  word,  in  v.  Groiselles. 


FEA 


350 


FES 


FEABES,     Gooseberries.     Suffolk. 
FEABLE.     Subject  to  fees.     Hall 
FEACIGATE.  Impudent  ;  brazen-faced.  North. 
FEADE.     Fed.     Somerset. 
FEAGE.    To  whip,  or  beat.     West. 
FEAGUE.  (1)  To  be  perplexed.    Line. 
(2)  A  dirty  sluttish  person.    North. 
FEAK.  (1)  A  sharp  twitch,  or  pull.     West. 

(2)  To  fidget  ;  to  be  restless  ;  to  be  busied  about 
trifles.     Yorhsh. 

(3)  A  flutter,  generally  applied  to  the  anxiety 
of  a  lover.    Line. 

(4)  To  wipe  the  beak  after  feeding,  a  term  in 
hawking. 

FEAL.    To  hide  slily.     Norfh. 

FEALD.  (1)  Hidden.'    North. 

(2)  Defiled.    Weber's  Floddon  Field,  1808. 

FEAMALITY.    Effeminacy.     Taylor. 

FEANT.     A  fool.    North. 

FEAPBERRY.    A  gooseberry.     Culpeper. 

FEAR.  (1)  To  feel;  to  seem."  East. 

(2)  To  terrify  ;  to  frighten.     Common  as  an 

archaism  and  provincialism. 
FEAR-BABES.     A  vain  terror,  a  bugbear,  fit 

only  to  terrify  children. 
FEARD.     Afraid,     Var.  dial 
FEARDEST.    Most  fearful.    Hall 
FEARE.    Fair.    Ritson. 
FEARFUL.  (1)  Tremendous,     far.  dial 
(2)  Dreadful  ;  causing  fear.     Shak. 
FEARLQT.    The  eighth  part  of  a  bushel. 
FEARN.    A  windlass.     Line. 
FEART.    Afraid.     Var.  dial 
FEART-SPRANK.    A  tolerable  number  or  large 

parcel  of  anything.    Berks. 
FEASETRAW.     A  pin  or  point  used  to  point 

at  the  letters,  in  teaching  children  to  read. 
' 


. 

FEAS1LS.     Kidney  beans.     West, 
FEAST.     An  annual  clay  of  merry-making  in 
country  villages.     In  some  places  the  feast 
lasts  for  several  days. 

FEASTING-PENNY.    Earnest  money.   North. 
FEAT.  (1)  Neat;  clever;  dexterous;  elegant. 
Also,  to  make  neat. 
Noe  not  an  howare,  althoughe  that  shce 
Be  never  soe  fine  and  feat.  MS.  Ashmole  208. 

(2)  Nasty  tasted.    Berks. 
FEATHER.  (1)  Hair.     Var.  dial 

(2)  Condition  ;  substance.     Var.  dial 

(3)  To  bring  a  hedge  or  stack  gradually  and 
neatly  to  a  summit.     West. 

FEATHER-BOG.    A  quagmire.     Cornw. 
FEATHER-EDGED.    A  stone  thicker  at  one 

edge  than  the  other.     North. 
FEATHERFOLD.    The  herb  feverfew.     West. 

Called  in  some  places  feather/owl 
FEATHERHEELED.    Lightheeled  ;  gay. 
FEATHER-PIE.     A  hole  in  the  ground,  filled 

with  feathers  fixed  on  strings,  and  kept  in 

motion  by  the  wind.    An  excellent  device  to 

scare  birds.    East. 

FEATISH.    Neat  ;  proper  ;  fair.     West. 
FEATLET.    Four  pounds  of  butter.     Cumb. 
FEATLY.    Neatly  ;  dexterously.   North. 


|  FEATNESS.    Dexterity     Harrison,  p.  230. 
FEATOTJS.     Elegant.     "  Ye  thinke  it  fine  and 

featous,"  Drant's  Three  Sermons,  1584. 
FEAUSAN.      Taste,   or  moisture.      Feausan- 

fuzzm^  a  very  strong  taste.    North. 
FEAUT.    A  foot.    North. 
FEAUTE.     Fealty ;  fidelity.     (A.  M) 
FEAWL.    AfooL    Yorksh,  Dial.  1697. 
FEAZE.  (1)  To  cause.     (Fr.)     To  fetch  your 

feaze,  the  same  as  Feer  (1). 

(2)  To  harass ;  to  worry ;  to  teaze ;  to  dawdle ; 
to  loiter.     West. 

(3)  To  sneeze.     Line. 

FEBLE.      Weak;    feeble;    poor;    wretched; 

miserable.     (A.-N.} 
FEBLESSE.    Weakness.     (A.-N.) 
FECCHE.    To  fetch.     (A.-S.) 

The  prince  wasfeched  to  the  boide, 
To  speXe  with  the  kyng  a  worde. 

MS.  Cantab.  Ff.  v.  48,  f.  54. 

FECH.    Vetches.    Nominate  MS. 
FECK.  (1)  To  kick  or  plunge.     North. 

(2)  Many  ;  plenty ;  quantity.    Northuml.   Also, 
the  greatest  part. 

(3)  Might ;  activity.     Yor&sh. 

(4)  A  small  piece  of  iron  used  by  miners  in  blast- 
ing rocks. 

FECKFUL.     Strong;  zealous  j  active.    North. 
FECKINS.     By  my  feckins,  i.  e,  by  my  faith, 

Hey  wood's  Edward  IV.  p.  45. 
FECKLESS.     Weak ;  feeble.    North. 
FECKLY.     Mostly;  chiefly.     North. 
FEDBED.    A  featherbed.    Line. 
FEDDE,    Fought.     Weber. 
FEDE.    Sport ;  play ;  game.    Line. 
FEDEME.    A  fathom.     (A.-S.) 
FEDEN.     To  feed.     (A.-S.} 
FEDERARY.    An  accomplice.    Shaft. 
FEDERID.     Feathered.     This  is  the  reading  in 

MS.  Cantab.  Ff.  i.  6,  for  ferful,    La  Belle 

Dame  sans  Mercy,  146. 

FEDERYNE.    To  fetter  •  to  shackle.  Pr.  Paw. 
FEDEW.    A  feather.    Nominal*  MS. 
FEDRUS.     Fetters.     Chr,  Vilod.  p.  123.     /<>- 

dryd,  fettered,  Ibid.  p.  65. 
FEDURT.     Feathered. 

This  is  bettur  then  any  bowe, 
For  alle  the/edwrt  schafte, 

MS.  Cantab.  Ff.  v.  48,  f.  51. 
FEDYLDE.     Fiddled.     Reliq.  Antfq,  I.  86. 
FEE.  (1)  To  winnow  corn.     North. 
(2)  Property ;  money ;  fee ;  an  annual  salary,  or 

reward.     (^.-£) 

FEEAG.    To  encumber;  to  load.     Cumh 
FEEAL.    Woe ;  sorrow.     North. 
FEEBLE,     To  enfeeble.     Palsgrave. 
FEED.  (1)  Pood.    An  ostler  calls  a  quartern  of 

oats  a  feed.    Also,  to  fatten.     Grass  food, 

pasture,  is  so  called. 

(2)  To  give  suck.     Var.  dial 

(3)  To  amuse  with  talking  or  reading    "  Gesti* 
to  fede,"  MS.  Line. 

FEEDER.    A  servant.    Shalt. 
FEEDERS.    Fatting  cattle.    North. 
FEEDING.  (1)  Nourishing.    North, 
(2)  Pasture ;  grazing  land.     Yar.  diaL 


FEL 


351 


FEL 


j?EEDING-STORM.    A  constant  snow.  North. 

FEEDING-TIME.    Genial  weather.    North. 

FEED-THE-DOYE.  A  Christmas  game  men- 
tioned in  Brand's  Pop.  Antiq.  i.  278. 

FEEL.    To  smell;  to  perceive.     North. 

FEELBY.     Grassy.     WicUiffe. 

FEELTH.    Feeling.     Sensation.     Warw. 

FEER.  (1)  To  take  a  feer,  to  run  a  little  way 
back  for  the  better  advantage  of  leaping 
forwards.  An  Oxfordshire  phrase,  given  by 
Kennett,  MS.  Lansd.  1033. 

(2)  Fierce ;  fire.    Ritson. 

FEERE.    To  make  afraid.     (4.-S.} 
Befyse  that  harde  and  logh  yarc, 
And  thoght  he  wolde  hym/eere. 

.MS.  Ccmta6.Ff.ii.38,  f  J01. 

FEERFUNS-EEN.     Shrovetide.    Lane. 

FEESE.    See  Feaze. 

FEET.  ( 1)  Fat.    Arch.  xxx.  407. 

(2)  A  deed,  or  fact.     (^.-JV.) 

FEET-CLOTH.     Same  as  Foot-cloth,  q.  v. 

FEFEDE.    Feoffed ;  endowed.    Hearne. 

FEFF.  To  obtrude,  or  put  upon  in  buying  or 
selling.  Essex. 

FEFFE.    To  infeof ;  to  present.     (^.-AV 

FEFFEMENT.    Enfeofrnent.     (A.-N.) 

FEFT.    Enfeoffed.    North. 

FEG.  (1)  Fair ;  clean.     North. 

(2)  To  flag ;  droop  ;  or  the.     North. 

(3)  Rough  dead  grass.     Weft. 

FEGARY.  A  vagary.  East.  See  Hawkins, 
iii.  162;Middleton,  iv.  115. 

FEGGER.    Fairer ;  more  gently.    Lane. 

FEGHT.    Faith ;  belief. 

That  thow  me  save  from  eternalle  schame, 
That  have  f  \i\\efeght  and  hole  trusfc  in  thl  name. 

MS.  Cantab.? f.i. 6,  f.  124. 

FEGS.    In  faith !     South. 

FEH.    Money ;  property.    (^.-&) 

FEIDE.  Feud ;  war  ?  Weber.  Warton  reads 
fede  in  the  same  passage,  p.  clxii 

FEIGH.  To  level  earth,  or  rubbish;  to  spread 
or  lay  dung ;  to  dig  the  foundations  for  a  wall; 
to  fey,  or  clean.  YorJcsh. 

FEINE.  (1)  To  feign.     (/4.-AY)     See  Feyne. 

(2)  To  sing  with  a  low  voice.    Pakgrave. 

FEINTELICHE.    Faintly  5  coldly.    Hearne. 

FEINTISE.  (1)  Dissimulation.    (A.-N.) 

(2)  Faintness ;  weakness.     (A.-S.) 

FEIRE.    A  fair.    (A.-N.) 

FEIRSCHIPE.    Beauty.     Lydgate. 

FEIST.    A  puff-ball.    Suffolk. 

FEISTY.    Fusty.    East, 

FEITT.    A  paddock ;  a  field.     Line. 

FEIZE.  To  drive  away.  West.  Pure  A.-S, 
Kay,  Proverbs,  p.  220,  has,  "  I'll  vease  thee, 
i.  e.  hunt  or  drive  thee/'  a  Somersetshire 
phrase.  It  likewise  has  the  saine  meanings 
as  Feaze  (2).  Our  first  explanation  is  con- 
firmed by  Fuller,  as  quoted  by  Richardson, 
p.  1450,  but  the  term  certainly  means  also  to 
beat,  to  chastise,  or  humble,  in  some  of  our 
old  dramatists,  in  which  senses  it  is  stated  by 
Gifford  to  be  still  in  use. 

PEL,  (1)  Cruel ;  destructive.    (A.-S.) 

(2)  Felt.    Still  in  use  in  Salop. 


FELA.     A  fellow,  companion.     Pr.  Parv. 
FELAUREDE.    Fellowship;  company.    (4.-S.) 

But  thou  dedyht  no  foly  dede, 

That  ys  fleshly  ftl^w  cde.   MS.  Hat  I  1701 ,  f.  1 1 

FELAUS.     Fellows.     Langtoft,  p.  219. 

FELAUSHIPE.    A  company.     (A.-S.)    Also  a 
verb,  to  accompany. 

FELCH.     A  tame  animal.   Line. 

FELDE.  (1)  A  field ;  a  plain.     (A.-S.) 
Forthi  I  say  the  on  this  wyese, 
Bot  that  thou  make  &acrafice 
Unto  my  goddis,  that  alle  may  welde, 
Thou  salle  be  dede  appone  a/e/rfe. 

MS.  Lincoln  A.  i.  17,  f.  128. 

Felt.     Weber.    Folded.    Ritson. 
To  become  weak  or  ill.    Line. 
(4)  To  fold ;  to  embrace. .  Gawayne. 
FELDEFARE.     A  fieldfare.     Chaucer.     Still 

called  zfeldifiere  in  Salop. 
FELDEN.    Felled;  made  to  fall.    (A.-S.) 
FELDHASSER.    A  wild  ass.     (A.-S.} 
FELDMAN-WIFE.    A  female  rustic.    Trans- 
lated by  ruslica  in  Nominate  MS. 
FELDWOOD.    The  herb  baldmony. 

Tho  took  schefeldwud  and  verveyne, 
Of  herbis  be  not  betir  tweyne. 

Cower,  MS.  Soe.  Antiq.  134,  f.  152. 

FELE.  (1)  To  feel ;  to  have  sense ;  to  perceive ; 

to  fulfil.    (A.-S.} 
'2)  To  hide.     See  Feal. 

(3)  Many.     (A.-S.) 

Toke  hys  leve,  and  home  he  wente, 
And  thankyd  the  kyng  fele  sythe. 

FELEABLE.     Social.     Pr.  Parv. 
FELEFOLDED,     Multiplied.     (A,-S^ 
FELER.     More ;  greater.     Gawayne. 
FELETTE.    The  fillet. 

At  the  turnyng  that  tym  the  traytnurs  hyrn  hitte 
In  thorowe  thefeleztes,  and  in  the  flawnke  aftyre. 

MM  te  Ai'thnre,  MS.  Liacoln,  f.  76 

FELFARE.    A  fieldfare.     West. 
FELIDEN.    Felt.     WicTcliffe. 
FELKS.    Felloes  of  a  wheel.    North. 
FELL.  (1)  A  skin,  or  hide.     (A.-S.) 

(2)  A  hill,  or  mountain.    North.    Also,  a  moor 
or  open  waste  ground.    By  frith  and  fell,  a 
very  common  phrase  in  early  poetry.     Frith 
means  a  hedge  or  coppice,  and  fell,  a  hill, 
moor,  valley,  or  pasture,  any  uninclosed  space 
without  many  trees. 

Moyses  wente  up  on  that  felle, 
Fourty  dayes  there  gon  dwelle. 

Cursor  Mundi,  MS.  Coll.  Trin.  Cantab,  f.  41, 

(3)  Sharp ;  keen  5  cruel.     North.    Applied  to 
food,  biting,  very  salt. 

(4)  A  mouse-trap.     Pr.  Parv. 

(5)  To  inseam,  in  sewing.    Far.  dial. 

( 6)  Sharp  ;  clever ;  crafty.    North. 
m  To  return  periodically.   Essex. 

(8)  To  finish  the  weaving  of  a  web,  or  piece  of 

cloth.     Yorfoh. 

FELLE.    TofeU;  to  kill.    (A.-S.) 
FELLERE.    Purple.    (A.-S,*) 
FELLESSE.   A  multitude?    Hearne. 
FELLBT*    A  certain  portion  of  wood  annually 

cut  in  a  forest.    Glouc. 


FEM 


352 


FEN 


FELLICH.    Felly  j  cruelly.    (4.-S.) 
FELLICKS.    Felloes  of  a  wheel.    Lane, 
FELLON.  (1)  Sharp ;  keen.    North.    "  P^fellon 
sharpe man,"  Bullein's  Dialogue,  1573,  p.  3. 
(2)  A  disease  in  cows ;  a  cutaneous  eruption  in 
children.   North.   Apparently  connected  with 
the  ancient  iermfelone,  q,  v. 
FELLON-WOOD.    The  herb  bitter-sweet. 
FELLOW.     Companion ;  friend.    In  Wiltshire 
used  only  as  a  term  of  reproach  ;  in  Here- 
fordshire, a  young  unmarried  man,  a  servant 
engaged  in  husbandry. 
Ever  more  felotues  I  and  thow, 
And  niyculle  thanks,  sir,  now  have  je 

MS.  Cantab   Ff.  v.  48,  f .  53. 

FELLOWSHIP.    A  tete-a-tete.    Line. 

FELLT.  (1)  Fiercely ;  cruelly.    (4.-S.) 
Y  rede  wearme  us  ylke  oon, 
Thys  fende  wylle  felly  fyghtc. 

MS.  Cantab.  Ff.  li.  38,  f,  0(5. 

(2)  To  break  up  a  fallow.    North. 
FELONE.      A  sore,   or  whitlow.     Fellom  in 
Heref.  Gloss.     See  TopselPs  Beasts,  p.  252. 

Somme  forenevye  schul  have  in  lymes 

As  kiles.felones,  and  postymes. 

MS.  Ashmole  41,  f.  37. 
FELONIE.    Any  wickedness.   (A.-N.) 
FELONLICHE.    Wickedly.    (A.-N.) 
FELONOUS.    Very  wicked.  Lydgate. 
FELOUN.    Wicked;  cruel,    (A.-N.} 
FELS.    Felloes  of  a  wheel.    North. 
FELSH.    To  renovate  a  hat.  Line. 
FELT.  (1)  Hid ;  concealed.   North. 

(2)  A  hat,    Thynae's  Debate,  p,  31. 

(3)  A  hide;  coarse  cloth.    Craven.    "Feelte,  or 
qwylte,Jiltrum,"  Pr.  Parv. 

'4)  A  thick  matted  growth  of  weeds,  spreading 
by  their  roots.    East. 

FELTER.    To  entangle.     North. 

FELTRTKE.    The  small  centaury.    Pr.  Parv. 

FELWET.    Velvet.    Arch.  xxi.  252. 

FEL-WISDOME.    Craftiness ;  cunning. 

FELWORT.     The  herb  baldmony.    See  a  list 
of  plants  in  MS.  Sloane  5,  f.  5. 

FELYOLES.     Are  mentioned  in  the  Squyr  of 
LoweDegre,  836, 
**  Your  curtaines  of  camacjii  all  in  folde, 

\ouxfelyoles  all  of  golde." 
Which,  appears  to  b«*  the  same  word  with 
fyellis  and  pUott  in  Douglas,  fylyolez  in  Syr 
Gawayne,  w\&fyly'tks  in  MS.  Cott  quoted  in 
the  last-mentioned  work.  In  the  two  last  in' 
stances,  length  is  expressly  mentioned  as  a 
characteristic  of  the  fylyole,  In  the  absence 
of  certain  evidence,  I  should  explain  it  finials, 
and  the  term  in  the  above  instance  may  be  ap- 
plied to  small  ornaments  on  the  top  of  the 
bedposts  in  the  shape  of  finials  or  pinnacles. 
From  the  contradistinction  of  the  terms,  there 
was  probably  some  slight  difference  between 
thefytyole  and  pinnacle. 

FEMALE-HEMS.    Wild  hemp.    Line. 

FEMED.    Foamed.     Gawayne, 

FEMEL.  (1)  A  female.    Pr.  Parv. 

(2)  A  young  family.    (A,-N.) 

FEMER,    Slightly  made ;  slender.    North, 


FEMEREL.  A  kind  of  turret  placed  on  the 
roof  of  a  hall,  or  kitchen,  t»o  formed  as  to  al- 
low the  smoke  to  escape  without  admitting 
the  rain  from  outside. 

FEMINE.    Female.    Brome. 

FEMINITEE.  Womanhood.  (A.-N.)  "  Contrn- 
ryetofemynyt<y'Lydgate'sMinor.Poems,p.47. 

FEMYN.    Venom.   ' Ritson. 

FEN.  (1)  Mud;  mire.     (,£-£) 

(2)  To  do  anything  adroitly.     North. 

(3)  A  preventive  exclamation,  usscd  chiefly  by 
boys  at  play.     Var.  dial 

FENAUNCE.     Fine ;  forfeiture.     (//.-AT.) 
FEN-BERK  Y.    The  cranberry,     ^orlh. 
FENCE.  (1)  To  keep  out  anything.     Jtait.    He 
stode  at  fence,  i.  e.  at  defence.    /Vwtv  ib  also 
armour^  or  any  other  kind  of  defence. 
Incy  myght  notgetc  h>m  therfro, 
He  stode  at  fence  ageyn  them  tho. 

MS.  Cantab.  Ff.  ii.  38,  f,  74. 
(2)  Offence.     Var.  dial. 
FENCE-MONTH,    The  month  w heroin  female 

deer  in  the  forests  do  fawn.     ManwowL 
FEN-CRICKET.     A  small  bcoile.     Line. 
FEND.  (1)  To  defend.     To  fend  and  prurr,  to 
throw  the  blame  on  others'  shoulders. 
Fulle  oftosythes  he  kyssetlc  that  maye, 
And  host  hir  upe  and  wolcle  awayc* 
Bot  thay  allc  the  brigges  did  fen&t*. 

MS.  Lincoln  A.  I.  17>  f,  104. 
Kyng  Ardus  fendyd  hys  wonys, 
Wondur  grctc  were  the  stonys. 

MS.  Cantab.  Ff.  ii.  3R,  f.  77. 

(2)  To  provide ; to  endeavour;  io  makeshift ;  to 
ward  off.    North.    Also,  a  livelihood. 

(3)  A  fiend ;  the  devil.     (A.-S.) 

And  when  the  w.iytis  blew  lowU>  hym  he, 
The  schc'perde  thojt  \vhat  may  this  I>P, 
He  wciide  he  hade  herd  afmtfr/ 

MS,  Cuntnb.  Ff.  v.  -il),  f.  54, 
FENDABLE.     Industrious.    Line. 
FENDLICHE.    Devilish.     Chaucer. 
FENDY.    Thrifty  j  managing.     Cutnb. 
FENE.     To  feign,  or  fancy  ?     (A.-N.) 

And  in  his  dreme  him  thoujtc  he  dcdc  ffnc 
Of  hir^broujte  forth  withtmtosjiot,  nH  olcno 
A  lambe,  most  fayre  to  his  iii*i>t*eoi<umr 
That  he  ever  saw  unto  his  pk'Raunro. 

Lydxatc,  JUtt.  AW.  Antiq.  1,14,  f.  U, 
FENEBOILES.    A  kind  of  pottage, 
FENECEL.    The  herb  fmieulum,  sow-fminel? 
See  MS.  Harl.  978 ;  MS.  Sloane  5,  f.  5,  fepelt 
fenefale. 

FENEST11AL.  A  small  fenestre,  or  window. 
Before  glass  was  in  general  use,  tho  feuestre 
was  often  made  of  paper,  cloth,  or  canvass, 
and  it  was  sometimes  a  kind  of  lattice-work, 
or  shutter  ornamented  witli  tracery.  In  tho 
sixteenth  century,  the  term/ittfl?/r«  seems  to 
have  been  applied  to  a  blind  or  shutter  in 
contradistinction  to  a  glazed  window*  *«  At 
hire  dore,  and  hir/«?««wfcr,"  Arthour  aa&  Mer- 
lin, p.  32. 

Tho  com  lhare  in  a  fuyri  arewe 
At  a  jenetttv  anon. 
FENG.    Caught;  received. 
FENKELLE.    FenneL    (UIJ    TO»  form  oc- 
curs in  MS.  Med.  Line,  I  200, 


FER 


353 


FER 


FENNEL.     To  give  fennel,  to  flatter. 
FEN-NIGHTINGALE.    A  frog.    East. 
FENNY.     Mouldy.     Far.  dial. 
FENNYXE.    A  phoenix.    Beliq.  Antiq.  ii.  12. 
FENOWED.    Mouldy.    See  Fenny. 
FENSABLE.    Defensible.     Weber. 
FENSOME.    Neat ;  adroit.    North. 
FENT.  (1)  A  crack,  or  flaw ;  a  remnant  of  cot- 
ton ;  an  odd  piece.    North. 

(2)  A  pet,  or  darling.    North. 

(3)  To  bind  cloth.  Also,  the  binding  of  any  part 
of  the  dress.    Line.    Formerly,  a  short  slit  in 
the  upper  part  of  the  dress  was  called  a  fent. 

(4)  Fear ;  trembling ;  faintness.     (himb. 
FENUM.    Venom.    Beds. 
FENVERN.     Sage.     Gerard. 

FEO.    Fee ;  inheritance.     (A.-S.) 

FEODARY.  One  who  held  property  under  the 
tenure  of  feudal  service.  Feodatary  is  the 
proper  word,  but  it  seems  to  be  used  in  this 
sense  by  Shakespeare  and  Ford. 

FEOFFED.    Infeoffed.    (A.-N.) 

FEORNE.    Far;  distant.     (A.-S.) 

FEORT.    To  fight.    Devon. 

FEORTHE.     The  fourth.     (A.-S.) 

FEE.  (1)  Far.     (A.-S.)    Still  in  use. 

(2)  To  free  pastures.     Craven. 

(3)  To  throw.     Somerset. 

4)  A  fire.    See  Sevyn  Sages,  1766. 
'5;  Fair.    See  Beves  of  Hamtoun,  p.  4. 
(6)  Fierce.     Rouland  and  Vernagu,  p.  7. 
FERAUNT.    An  African  horse;  a  grey.  (A.-N.) 
Appone  a  stede  ffti-aunt 
Armyd  at  ryghte. 

MS.  Lincoln  A.  i.  17,  f.  131. 
Fewters  in  freely  one  feraunte  stedes. 

Moi-te  Arthwe,  MS.  Lincoln,  f.  76. 
FERCHE.    Fierce.    (A.-N.) 
FBRD.  (1)  Terrified;  afraid. 

xl.  men  lepe  ynto  the  see, 

So  ferde  of  the  lyenas  they  were. 

MS.  Cantab.  Ff.  II.  38,  f.  85. 

(2)  Went ;  gone ;  passed ;  fared. 

So  stille  that  sche  nothynge  herde, 
And  to  the  bed  stalkende  he  ferde. 

Gowert  MS.  Soc.  Antlq.  134,  f.  44. 
Thai  sette  mouth  of  tham  in  heven, 
And  tung  of  tham  ferd  in  erthe  even. 

MS.  Egerton  614,  f.  49. 
When  he  French  and  Latyn  herde, 
He  hade  mervelle  how  it  ferde. 

MS,  Cantab.  Ff.  v.  48,  f.  55. 

(3)  The  fourth.    (A.-S.) 

The/errf*  he  forsakys  the  prayers 
That  haly  wry te  wyttnes  of  berys. 

A*  de  Bmnne,  MS.  Bowes,  p.  7* 

( 4)  Host ;  army ;  company.    (A.-S.) 

(5)  Power ;  force.     Weber. 
FERDEGEWS.    Ornamented  furs  ?    "  In  onr 

tricke  ferdegews,"  Roister  Doister,  p.  30. 
FERDELAYKE.    Fear;  terror.    (A.-S.) 
Bot  who  so  here  moght  wytte  and  knawe  wele 
What  payne  the  synful  thare  sal  feele, 
Thai  solde  in  grete  ferdefayke  bebroght, 
Ay  when  thai  on  tha  paynes  thoght.    - 

Kampala;  MS.  Bowe*,  p.  189. 
FERDNESS.    Fright ;  terror-    (A.-S.) 
FEKDY.    Afraid ;  terrified. 


He  geide,  Joseph,  be  not  ferdyt 
Biholde  on  me  this  ilke  is  I. 

Cursor  Mundi,  MS.  Coll.  Trin.  Cantab,  f.  NT/. 
FERE.  (1)  A  companion,  or  wife.    North.    "  In 
fere,"  together,  in  company. 
Farewell,  my  doughter  Kateryne,  late  thefeie 
To  Prynce  Artour,  late  my  chyld  so  dere. 

MS.  Sloane  1825,  f.  89. 

(2)  To  terrify ;  to  frighten.     (A.-S.) 

(3)  Proud ;  fierce ;  bold.    (A.-N.) 

And  of  Burgayne  dewke  Loyere, 
He  was  a  bolde  man  and  a  fei  e. 

MS.  Cantab.  Ff.  ii.  38,  f.  156. 
And  of  hys  sone,  that  good  squyere, 
Whyll  he  was  hole  and  fei  e.     MS.  Ibid.  f.  147 
FEREDE.    Company. 

Certis,  syre,  thou  nojt  ne  may 

Gon  out  of  oure  fersde.    MS.  ^tihmole  33,  f.  46. 

FEREN.  Companions.  See  Kyng  Horn,  21, 
where  MS.  Laud.  108  reads  "  xij.  feren," 
which  agrees  better  with  the  context. 

FERES.     Fierce.     See  Perceval,  518. 
He  lyved  seththen  many  5eres, 
A  quyk  man  and  a  fwes.   MS.  Hurl.  1701,  f.  17- 

FERETORY.    A  tomb,  or  shrine. 

FERFORTH.    Far  forth.     (A.-S.) 

FERIAGE.    Boat  or  ferry  hire. 

FERIE.    A  holyday ;  a  week-day.    (Laf.) 

I  gan  remembre  of  the  hyje/e;ye, 
That  callid  is  the  Circumcisioun. 

Lt/dgate,  MS.  Soc.  Antiq.  134,  f.  S?0. 

FERISHER.    A  fairy.    Suffolk. 
FERKE.  (1)  To  proceed;  to  hasten. 

The  Isyng  ferlax  furthe  on  a  faire  stede. 

MOJ  te  Arthurs,  MS.  Lincoln,  f.  *9. 
(2)  To  fear.     Palsgrave. 
FERLIES.    Faults.    North. 
FERLY.    A  wonder ;  to  wonder ;  wonderfully 
wonderful ;  strange.    North. 

A  ferly  strife  fel  them  betwene, 
As  they  went  bi  the  wey. 

MS.  Cantab.  Ff.  v.  48,  f.  126; 

FERLYKE.    A  strange  thing ;  a  wonder. 
The  kyng  loked  to  that  candelstyke, 
Andsaghe  bcsyde  a  grete  ferly ke.  JkT£Havr.l701,f.& 

FERMACIE.    A  medicine.    (A.-N.) 
FERMAIL.    A  clasp,  or  locket.    (A.-N.) 
FERME.  (1)  A  farm.    (A.-N.)    Also,  a  rent  in 

lieu  of  all  other  payments. 
(2)  To  strengthen.    Also  adv.  firmly. 
($)  To  cleanse ;  to  empty  out. 

Hyt  were  more  to  the  lyke, 
For  to  ferme  an  olde  dyke. 

MS.  Cantab.  Ff.  ii.  38,  f.  102. 

FERMEALD.    A  farm.    (A.-S.) 

FERMENTATION.  The  sixth  process  in  al- 
chemy, the  mutation  of  any  substance  into  the 
nature  of  the  ferment,  after  its  primary  Duali- 
ties have  been  destroyed. 

FERMERERE.  The  officer  who  had  the  care  of 
the  infirmary.  (Lot.) 

FERMORYE.    An  Mrmary. 

Rewfulnes  salle  make  the  ferrnoryet  Devocione 
salle  make  the  celere;  Meditacion  salle  make  the 
gem  ere.  MS.  Lincoln  A .  i.  17,  f-  272, 

FERM1SONES,  According  to  Mr.  Robsou, 
"  a  hunting  term  applied  to  the  time  in  -which 

(    the  male  fleer  were  closed,  or  not  allowed  to 
23 


FES 


354 


FET 


be  killed."     See  his.  Met.  Rom.  p.  1;  MS. 
Morte  Arthure,  f.  55. 
FERNE.     Before.   Ferne  ago,  long  ago.    Feme 

land,   far  or  distant  land,  a  foreign  land. 

(^.-£)     See  Chion.  Yilodoja.  p.  84. 
FERN-FRECKLED.     Freckled.      North.      In 

MS.  Med.  Line.  f.  285,  is  a  receipt  "  to  do 

zwnyeferntikittes,"  i.  e.  freckles. 
FEKN-CXWL.    The  goatsucker.     Glouc. 
FERN -WEB.    A  small  beetle,  very  injurious  to 

the  young  apple.     West. 
FERNYERE.     In  former  times.    (4<-S.)     See 

Piers  PlougUnaan,  pp.  103,  228 ;  Hoccleve,  p. 

55 ;  Troil.  and  Creseide,  v.  1176,  a  subst.  in 

the  two  last  instances.    Fernery  Reynard  the 

Foxe,p.41. 

FERUAY.    A  foray.     Towneley  Myst  p.  310. 
FERRE.  (1)  A  land  of  caudle.    Spelt  ferry  in 

the  Forme  of  Cury,  p.  27. 

(2)  Fair ;  beautiful. 

Undur  the  erth  it  was  dijt, 
Fejve  it  was  and  clene  of  syjt. 

MS.  Cantab,  Ff.  v.  48,  f  51 

(3)  Further.     (^.-£) 

So  that  myn  hap  and  alle  myn  hele, 
Me  thynketh  is  ay  the  leng  the/env. 

Cower, MS.  Soc.  Anttq.  134,  f.  84. 

TERRE  DATE.    Late  in  the  day.    (^.-£) 
FERBEL.    The  frame  of  a  slate. 
FERREN.    Foreign ;  distant.    (A.-S.) 

Jon  telleth  us  als  gildeu  mouth 

Of  bferren  folk  uncouth. 

Cursor  3fvndi,M$.  CoU.  Tn«,  G!i»4rt.f.7l. 

FERRER.  (1)  A  farrier.    North.    See  Topsell's 

Beasts,  p.  340 ;  Ord.  and  Keg.  pp.  101,  201. 
(2)  A  barrel  with  iron  hoops.    Line. 
FERRERE.    Further.    Ferrest,  furthest. 

Fcllcs  fele  on  the  felde,  appone  the/erre?esyde. 

Marts  Arthur  e,  MS.  Lmciln,  f.  69, 

FERRIER.    A  fairy.    Suffolk. 

FERRNE,    Far.    Heame. 

FERROM.     Distant;  foreign.    0-ferrom,  afar 

off.    "  We  folowede  o  ferrome,"  Morte  Ar- 

thure,  MS.  Lincoln,  f.  62. 
FERRY-WHISK.   Great  bustle  r  haste.  Jorksh. 
FERS.  (1)  Fierce.    Chaucer. 
(2)  The  Queen  at  Chess. 
FERSCHELI.    Fiercely.    (A.-N.) 
FERSSE.    Fresh,    ffearne. 
FERSTED.    Thirsted.    Degrevant,  169S. 
FERTHE.    The  fourth.    (,£-£) 
FERTHYNG.  A  farthing;  any  very  small  thing. 

Chaucer. 

FERTRE.    A  bier;  a  shrine.    (A-Nj 
FERYNGES.     Sudden,    ffearne. 
FESAWNT.    A  pheasant.    Pr.Parv. 
FESCUE.     Same  as  Feasetraw,  q.  Y.    See  Cot- 

grave,  ia  v.  Fesfa,  Profit ;  Howell,  sect.  51 ; 

Florio,  pp.  69,  185 ;  Peele,  ii.  230. 
FESE.    To  frighten;  to  make  afraid.    "  Fese 

awey  the  cat,"  Urry,  p.  597. 

When  he  had  etyn  and  made  hym  at  ese, 
He  thoght  Gye  for  to  fe<te* 

MS.  Cantab.  Pf.  ii.  38,  f.  17 1, 

FESISIAN.    A  physiciarj.    Seven  Sages,  p.  53. 
PESOMNYB.    Feoffed,-  gave  in  fee. 


FESS.  (1)  To  confess.    North. 

(2)  Gay  ;  smart  j  conceited. 

(3)  A  small  fagot.    Also,  a  light  blue  colour. 
Somerset. 

(4)  To  force  or  obtrude  anything.    East. 
FEST.  (1)  To  put  out  to  grass.     North. 

(2)  A  fastening.    Lino.      Connected  vvith  t)je 
old  termjfos'^,  fastened. 

Somijtsly  he  letehit  swynge, 
That  iu  his  frount  the  stoou  hsfost, 
That  bothfi  his  ejen  out  thei  brcst. 

Cuisor  Mttndi,  SIS.  Col.  Trw.  Cantab  f.  48. 

(3)  To  fasten,  tie,  or  bind ;  as,  to/&^  an  appren- 
tice.    North. 

Fvstyne  thi  herte  to  fiee 

AUe  this  werldes  care 

MS.  Lincoln  A.  J.  17,  f.  222. 
Of  alle  thyiage  it  is  the  best 
Jhesu  in  herte  fast  tojfctf.  MS.  Jbid.  f.  189. 

(4)  A  fist.    Also,  a  feast.     Chaucer. 
FESTANCE.    Fidelity.     (A.-N.} 
FESTEYING.     Feasting.     Chaucer. 
FESTINATE.    Hasty.    (Lot.)     Festination  oc- 
curs in  Hawkins,  i.  292,  312. 

FESTING-PENNY.    Earnest  money.     Line. 
FESTIVAL-EXCEEDINGS.  An  additional  dish 
I     to  the  regular  dinner,     Massinger.   The  term 
;     was  formerly  in  use  at  the  Middle  Temple. 
FE  STLICIL     Used  to  feasts.     Chaucer. 

;FESTNEN.   TO  fasten.   (A.-S.) 

IFESTU.    A  mote  in  the  eye.    (^.-A7".)     Also 

the  same  as  fescue,  q.  v. 
FET.  (1)  Fetched.    Lydgate,  p,  20.    Ako,  to 
,     fetch,  as  in  Thynne's  Debate,  p.  73. 
The  qwene  anon  to  hym  was  fttt, 
Eor  sche  was  best  worthy. 

MS.  Cantab.  Ff.  v.  48,  f.54. 

(2)  To  be  a  match  for  one.    North. 

(3)  A  foot.    Arch.  xxx.  407. 

(4)  Fast ;  secure  ;  firm.     Line. 

FETCH.  1)  To  recover;  to  gain  strength  after 
an  illness.     Var.  dial. 

(2)  The  apparition  of  a  person  who  is  alive.   See 
Brand,  lii.  122. 

(3)  To  fetch  in,  to  seize.     Tofetchup,  to  over- 
take.  To  fetch  a  wal&>  to  walk,  &c.   Var.  dial. 

FETCHE,    A  vetch.     Chaucer, 
FETCH-LIGHTS.     Appeajrancea  a*  night  of 

lighted  candles,  formerly  supposed  to  prognos  - 

ticate  death.    Brand. 
iFETE.  (1)  Neat;  weH-made  j  good. 

Ye  fele  ther  fete,  so  fete  ar  thay. 
;  MS.  Cw  tok  Ff.  ik  3S>  f.  4% 

§\Vork.     Chaucer. 
A  large  puddle.    Line. 
TER1S.    Features. 

!  Sche  bthilde  his  frterit  by  and  by, 

I  So  fayre  schapen  hi  partye  and  In  alle. 

<  Lyfyate,  Jf&  Sve.  A*tf&  134,  «,  ». 

,  FETISB.    Neat ;  elegant.    (A^N.) 

FETLED.    Joined.     Qawayne. 

FETTB.  (1)  To  fetch.    See  F*t. 

Thus  sche  began  to  jfctt*  reed, 
And  turne  aboute  hire  vktl»  alle!.  , 

Gow«r,  MS.  SMS.  4Miq.  m,  f.  148. 

("2)  A  retch,  or  confrivffnce. 

FETTEL.    Aoordusedtoapaimier.    Une. 


FEY 


355 


FIC 


FETTERFOE.     The  herb  feverfew. 

FETTLE.  To  dress  ;  to  prepare ;  to  put  in  or- 
der ;  to  contrive,  manage,  or  accomplish  any- 
thing ;  to  set  about  anything ;  to  be  in  good 
time ;  to  repair ;  to  beat,  or  thrash.  j\  orth.  It 
is  also  common  as  a  substantive,  order,  good 
condition,  proper  repair,  &c.  and  several  early 
instances  are  quoted  in  the  Craven  Glossary. 
"  Ylle  fetyld,"  Towneley  Myst.  p.  309. 

FETTYNE.  Fetched ;  brought.  «  Thedir  salle 
be  fettyne,"  MS.  Lincoln,  f.  148. 

FETUOUS.    Same  as  Fetise,  q.  v. 

FETURES.    Births ;  productions.    Hall. 

FEUD.  To  contend.  North.  Also,  to  contend 
for  a  livelihood,  to  live  well. 

FEUDJOR.     A  bonfire.     Craven. 

FEUSOME.     Handsome.    No»th. 

FEUTH.     Fill;  plenty.     Craven. 

FEUTRE.    The  rest  for  a  spear.    Also,  to  fix  it 
in  the  rest.    Morte  Arthure,  i.  148, 157. 
A  faire  floreschte  spere  in  fewtyre.  he  castes. 

Mvi  te  A)  thure,  MS,  Lincoln,  f.  67- 

FEUTRED.     Featured.      See  Dodsley,  i.  92. 
Nares  is  puzzled  with  this  word,  although  it 
is  not  unusual.    "  Fewters  of  his  face,"  Ro- 
meus  and  Juliet,  p.  57. 
FEVER.  (1)  A  perplexity.     Var.  dial 
(2)  A  blacksmith.     (^..JV.) 
FEYEREFOX.    The  feverfew.     See  a  list  of 

plants  in  MS.  Sloane  5,  f.  5. 
FEVEREL.    February.     (4.-N.-) 
Here  is  now  another  wonriyr; 
In  Fevetel  when  thou  hcris  thondur, 
It  betokynthe  nche  men  liggyng  low, 
And  a  glide  3&re  after  tosowe. 

MS.  Cantab.  Ff.  v.  48,  f.  8. 

FEVERERE.    February.     (A.-N.) 

And  Phebus  chare  neyeth  to  Aquarie, 
If  is  watry  bemis  tofore  Feverere. 

Lydga.te,  MS.  Soc,  Antiq.  134,  f.  20. 

FEVER-LURDEN.  The  disease  of  idleness. 
This  curious  phrase,  -which  occurs  in  Lydgate, 
is  still  current  in  the  West  of  England.  "  You 
havethe  fever-lurgan,"you  are  too  lazy  to  work. 

FEVEROUS.    Feverish.     Gower. 

FEW.  (1)  To  change.    North. 

(2)  A  number,  or  quantity  j  a  little ;  as,  a  few 
pottage,  &c.     J'ar.  dial. 

(3)  Flew.     Perf.  from^y.     Chesh. 
FEWILLER.    A  person  who  supplies  fuel  for 

fires.    Nominale  MS. 
FEWMETS.  The  dung  of  the  deer.  Also  called 

fewmishings.    Twici,  p.  22. 
FE WTE .  ( 1 )  Fealty.    H awkins,  i.  9 5 . 
(2)  Track  j  vestige.*    Prompt.  Parv. 
FEWTERER.    In  hunting  or  coursing,  the  man 

who  held  the  dogs  in  slips  or  couples,  and 

loosed  them ;  a  dog-keeper. 
FEWTERLOCKS     Fetlocks  of  a  horse, 
FEWTRILS.    Little  things ;  trifles.    Lane. 
FEY.  (1)  The  upper  soil.    Staff.    Also,  to  cast 

it  off,  or  remove  it. 
(2)  To  discharge  blood.    North. 
(3J  To  do  anything  cleverly.    Lane, 
(ty  To  cleanse  out.     far.  diaL 
(j5;  To  injure ;  to  muiilate.    Line. 


(6)  Fated  to  die ;  dead.     (4.-S.) 

The  Romaynes  for  radnesse  ruschte  to  the  erthe, 
Fore  ferdnesse  of  hys  face,  as  they  fey  were. 

Mmte  Athure,  MS.  Lincoln,  f.  54 

FEYE.    Faith ;  belief.    (^.-JV.) 

Dame,  he  seyde,  be  my  feye, 
I  schalle  the  nevyr  bewrye. 

HIS.  Cantab,  Ff.  h.  38,  f.  ]38. 

FEYER.    A  person  who  cleans  anything  out,  as 

ditches,  &c.    East. 

FEYFFE.     Five.     Ritson's  Robin  Hpod,  i.  88. 
FEYFUL.     Fatal;  deadly.     (A.-S.) 
FEYING.     Rubbish;  refuse.     North. 
FEYLO.     A  companion.     Weler. 
FEY^E.     To  dissemble ;  to  flatter.     (^.-JV.) 
And  eekmy  fere  is  wel  the  lasse 
That  non  envy  schal  compasse, 
Without  a  resonable  wite, 
To  feyne  and  blame  that  I  write. 

Gower,  MS.  BodL  294,  f.  1. 
For  they  constreyne 
Ther  hertes  to  feyne. 

MS.  Cantab.  Ff.  i.  6,  f.  45, 
FEYNG.     Received.    Hearne. 
FEYRE.     Fair ;  fine ;  clean. 

Afeyre  cloth  on  the  borde  he  leyd, 
Into  the  boure  he  made  a  brayde. 

MS*  Cantab.  Ff.  v.  48,  f.  49. 

FEYS.    Fees ;  properly.     (^.-£) 

I  ha^ve  castels  and  ryche  cytees, 
Erode  londys  and  ryche  feys. 

MS.  Cantab.  Pf.  ii.  38,  f.  168. 

FEYT.  (1)  Faith.    Ritson. 

(2)  A  deed ;  a  bad  action.    Salop. 

(3)  To  fight.      West.     We  have  feytynge  in 
Wright's  Monastic  Letters,  p.  198. 

FEZZON.  To  seize  on,  generally  applied  to  the 
actions  of  a  greedy,  ravenous  eater.  North. 

FE3E.    To  fight ;  to  quarrel.    (A~S.) 

FI.  A  term  of  disgust  and  reproach,  originally 
applied  to  anything  that  stunk.  The  word  is 
still  in  use  in  Lincolnshire  for  the  penis. 

FIANCE.    To  affiance  j  to  betroth.     (Fr.) 

FIANTS.  The  dung  of  the  boar,  wolf,  fox, 
marten,  or  badger.  A  hunting  term. 

FIAUNCE.    Trust  j  belief.     (^.-JV.) 
In  hym  -was  hys  fyawnve. 

MS.  Cantab.  Ff.  ii.  38,  f.  78. 

FIAZEN.    Faces.    Dorset. 

FIBLE.  A  small  stick  used  to  stir  oatmeal  iji 
making  pottage.  YorJcsh. 

FIBLE-FABLE.    Nonsense.     Fan  dial. 

FICCHES.    The  pip  in  chickens.    Line. 

FICHE.   To  fix ;  to  fasten. 
in  the  flesche,"  MS.  Morte  Arthure. 

FICHENT.    See  Figmt. 

FICHERE.    A  fisher.    Nominale  MS. 

FICHET.    A  stoat.    Salop, 
in  Piers  Ploughman,  p.  468. 

FICHMANGER.    A  fishmonger.    Gower. 

FICIC10N.    AphysiciaB.     Weber. 

FICK.    To  kick  j  to  straggle,     JorJcsh. 

FICKELTOW.  The  fore-tackle  or  carriage 
Vfl^cb.  gu|)j)ort8  Che  plough-beam.  Norf. 

HCO.  A*lg;  a  term  of  reproach,  or  con- 
tempt, often  accompanied  with  a  snap  of  the 


ETK 


356 


FIL 


finger    or  with  putting  the  thumb  into  the 
mouth.    See  Fig  (1). 

Behold,   next  I   see  Contempt  marching  forth, 

giving  mee  thefico  with  this  thombe  in  his  mouth. 

Wits  Mtserie,  1596. 

FID.    A  small  thick  lump.     South. 

FIDDLE.     To  scratch.    East. 

FIDDLEDEDEE.     Nonsense.     Var.  dial 

FIDDLER'S-FARE.     Meat,  drink,  and  money. 

FIDDLESTICKS-END,    Nonsense.    North. 

FIDE.    Faith,     (Lat.} 

FIDEL.     A  fiddle.     Chaucer. 

FID-FAD.    A  trifle,  or  trifler.     Var.  dial 

FIDGE.     To  fidget ;  to  sprawl.     North. 

FIE.    Same  as   Fay,  q.  v.     Fie,  predestined, 

still  in  use  in  Northumberland.      See   Sir 

Degrevant,  755. 

FIB-CORN.    Dross-corn.     Suffolk. 
FIELD.     A  ploughed  field,   as  distinguished 

from  grass  or  pasture.     West. 
FIELDISH.    Rural.    Harrington.    • 
FIELD-WHORE.    A  very  common  whore. 
FIELDWORT.    Gentian.     Gerard. 
FIERCE.     Sudden;  precipitate;  brisk;  lively. 

Still  in  use.     Fyerge,  Brit.  Bibl.  i.  472. 
FIERS.     Proud ;  fierce.     {A.-N.} 
FIEST.    Linda.    See  Fise. 
FIFERS.    Fibres  of  wood,  &c.    East. 
FIFLEF.    The  herb  guinquefolium. 
FIG.  (1)  Same  as  Fico,  q.  v.     "  Give  them  the 

fig,"  England's  Helicon,  p.  209.    Not  care  a 

fig,  i.  e.  not  care  at  all.     See  Florio,  p.  249, 

ed.  1611.    Still  in  use. 

(2)  To  apply  ginger  to  a  horse  to  make  him 
carry  a  fine  tail.     Var.  dial 

(3)  A  raisin.    Somerset. 

(4)  To  fidget  about.    The  term  occurs  in  A 
Quest  of  Enquirie,  4to.  Lond.  1595;  Cotgrave, 
in  v.  Fretilleur* 

FIGEKT.  Fidgety;  restless;  busy;  indus- 
trious. See  Beaumont  and  Fletcher,  iii.  185, 
512,  Fichent  occurs  in  the  Cobler  of  Can- 
terbury, 1590,  p.  72. 

FIGER-TREE.    A  fig-tree.     Scott. 

FIGGED -PUDDING.  A  raisin  or  plum  pud- 
ding. West.  Called  also  bfiggity-pudding, 

FIGHTING-COCKS.  Theheads  of  rib-grass,  with 
which  boys  play  by  fencing  with  them.  East. 

FIGHTS.  Cloth  and  canvass  formerly  used  in 
a  sea-fight  to  hinder  the  men  being  seen  by 
the  enemy.  ShaJc. 

FIGO.     Same  as  Fico,  q.  v. 

FIG-SUE.  A  mess  made  of  ale  boiled  with  fine 
wheaten  bread  and  figs,  usually  eaten  on 
Good-Friday.  Cnmb. 

FIGURATE.    Figured;  tipyfied.    Palsgrave. 

FIGURE.    Price ;  value.     Var.  dial 

FIGURE-FLINGER.  An  astrologer.  See  Tay- 
lor's No  Mercurius  Aulicus,  4to.  1644. 

FIGURETTO.    A  figured  silk.    (ItdL) 

FFKE,  (1)  A  fig.    Nominale  MS. 

(2)  To  be  very  fidgety ;  to  move  in  an  uucon- 
stant,  undeterminate  manner;  to  go  about 
idly.  North,  See  Richard  Coer  de  Lion, 
4749. 


(3)  A  sore  place  on  the  foot.    Line. 
FIKEL.    Deceitful ;  crafty.    (A.-S.) 
FILACE.     A  file,  or  thread,  on  which  the  re- 
cords of  the  courts  of  justice  were  strung. 

FILANDER.     The  back-worm  in  hawks.   Spelt 

fylaundres  "by  Berners. 
FILANDS.    Tracts  of  unenclosed  arable  lands. 

East. 

FILDE.     A  field.     Percy,  p.  3. 
FILDMAN.    Artistic.    Nominale  MS, 
FILDORE.    Goldthread.    (A.-N.) 
FILE.  (1)  To  defile.     Still  in  use. 

He  has  forsede  hir  and/i//ed«, 
And  cho  es  fay  levede. 

MS.  JOoj  te  Arthurs,  f.  63. 
'2)  List ;  catalogue ;  number.     Shak. 
')  To  polish,  applied  to  language,  &c.     See 
Harrison's  Britaine,  p.  26. 

(4)  A  term  of  contempt  for  a  worthless  person, 
a  coward,  &c.    An  odd  fellow  is  still  termed 
*'  a  rum  old  file." 

Sory  he  was  that  falsjSjfe, 
And  thoujte  mon  to  bigyle. 

Cwt-or  Mundi,  MS.  Coll,  Trtn.  Cantab,  f.5, 
Sorful  bicom  that  falsjftfe, 
And  thoght  how  he  moght  man  bi-wille. 

Ibid.  MS.  Cutt.  Fefpa*.  A.  ill.  f.  8. 

(5)  A  girl,  or  woman.     (4.-N.) 

For  to  rage  wy  th  ylka  fyle, 

Ther  thenketh.  hyra  but  lytyl  whyle. 

MS.  Hart.  1701,  f.  30. 

FILEINIE.    Wickedness.     Gower. 
FILEWORT.     The  plant  small  cudweed. 
FILGHE.     To  follow.    MS.  Cott.Vesp.  D.vii. 
FILL.  (1)  A  field,  or  meadow.    Essex. 

(2)  To  fill  drink,  to  pour  any  beverage  into  a 
glass  or  cup  for  drinking. 

(3)  The  plant  restharrow.    Gerard. 
FILL-BELLS.    The  chain-tugs  to  the  collar  of 

a  cart-horse,  by  which  he  draws.   East. 
FILL-DIKE,     The  month  of  February. 
FILLER.   The  sli aft-horse.   Hence,  figuratively, 

to  go  behind,  to  draw  back. 
FILLY.    To  foal,  as  a  mare.     Florio. 
FILLY-TAILS.    Long  white  clouds.    North. 
FILOURE.    A  steel  for  sharpening  knives  or 

razors.    See  Pr.  Parv.  p.  160.     In  the  Boke 

of  Curtasye,  p.  19,  the  term  is  applied  to  a 

rod  on  which  curtains  are  hung. 
FILOZELLO.    Flowered  silk.     (Jtal.) 
FILSTAR.    A  pestle  and  mortar.    Line. 
FILTCHMAN.    A  beggar's  staff,  or  truncheon, 

formerly  carried  by  the  upright  man.   See  the 

Fraternitye  of  Vacabondes,  1575. 
FILTEREDB.    Entangled.    North. 

His  fax  and  his  foretoppe  was  JUterede  togeder*, 

lAnd  owte  of  his  face  fome  ane  halfe  fute  large. 

Morte  Arthurs,  MS.  Lincoln,  £  64, 

FILTH.    A  sluttish  person.     West. 

FILTHEDE.    Filthiness,    (A.-S.) 
But  for  to  delyte  here  in  folye, 
In  the  filthede  of  foute  lecherye. 

M^Addit.  U305,  f.  96. 

FILTHISH,    Filthy ;  impure.    H&& 
FILTHY.    Covered  with  weeds.    West, 
FILTRY.    Kith ;  rubbish.    Somerset. 
FILYHAND. 


FIN 


357 


FIR 


FIMASHINGS.     In  hunting,  the  dung  of  any 

kind  of  wild  beasts.    Berners. 
FIMBLE.  (1)  A  wattled  chimney.     West. 

(2)  To  fumble;  to   do   anything  imperfectly. 
Var.  dial    It  occurs  in  the  Schoole  of  Good 
Manners,  1629. 

(3)  Thistle,  or  female-hemp.    East.     See  Tus- 
ser's  Husbandry,  pp.  153, 172. 

FIN.  (1)  To  find ;  to  feel ;  to  end.     Cumb. 
(2  )  The  herb  restharrow.    Midi.  C. 
(3")  A  finger.     Var.  dial 

(4)  The  broad  part  of  a  plough-share. 
FINAUNCE.    Fine ;  forfeiture.     Percy. 
FINCH.     To  putt  a  finch,  to  cheat  any  one  out 

of  money.     Chaucer. 
FINCH-BACKED.    "White  on  the  back,  applied 

to  cattle.    North. 

FINCHED.     Finished.     Will  Werw. 
FIND.  (1 )  To  supply ;  to  supply  with  provisions. 

Still  in  common  use. 

(2)  To  stand  sponsor  to  a  child.     West. 

(3)  To  find  one  with  the  manner,  to  discover 
one  in  the  act  of  doing  anything. 

(4)  A  fiend.    Lydgate. 
FINDESTOW.    Wilt  thou  find.     (4.-S.} 
FINDINGS.    Inventions.    MS.  Ps.  Cott. 
FINE.  (1)  To  end ;  to  finish.     (A.-N.) 

And  lete  the  stremis  of  thy  mercy  schyne 
Into  my  breste,  the  thridde  book  to ///we. 

Lydgate,  MS.  Sac.  Antiq.  134,  f>  8. 
And  he  shall  regne  in  every  wightes  sight 
In  the  house  of  Jacobbe  eternally  by  lyne, 
\Vhose  kyngdome  ever  shall  laste,  and  never  fyne 
Lydgate,  MS.  Ashmote  39,  f.  28. 
And  aftirwarde  the  5ere  fynende> 
The  god  hath  made  of  hire  an  ende. 

Cower,  MS.  Soc.  Antiq.  134,  f.  71. 
Flesshe  ete  never  of  al  and  alle, 
He  fyned  never  on  God  to  calle. 

Cursor  Mundi.  MS.  ColL  Trin.  Cantab,  f.  79- 

(2)  To  refine ;  to  purify ;  to  adorn. 

And  thare  be  fyned  als  golde  that  schynes  cleere. 

Hampole,  MS.  Bowes,  p.  84. 
As  goide  in  fyre  Is  fynid  by  assay. 

Lydgate,  MS.  Soc.  Antiq.  134,  f.  7. 

(3)  Perfect ;  unconditional.     Gawayne. 
FINE-FORCE.  By  fine  force,  by  absolute  power 

or  compulsion.  Of  fine  force,  of  necessity. 
See  A  Courtlie  Controversie  of  Cnpid's  Cau- 
tels,  1578,  p.  51 ;  State  Papers,  ii,  478  ;  Hall, 
Henry  IV.  f.  29 ;  Troilus  and  Creseide,  v.  421. 

HNEGUE.    To  avoid ;  to  evade.     West. 

FINE-LEAF.    A  violet.    Line. 

FINELESS.     Endless.     ShaJc. 

FINENESS     Subtlety.    Massinger. 

JTNENEY.  To  mince ;  to  be  very  ceremonious. 
Devon. 

FINER.  A  refiner  of  metals.  Fyners,  Cocke 
Lorelles  Bote,  p.  9. 

FINEW.  Mouldiness,  or  mnstiness.  "  Finew'd 
waxe,"  Mirror  for  Mag.  ap.  Nares. 

FINGERER.    A  thief.    DekJcer. 

FINGERKYNS.  A  term  of  endearment,  men- 
tioned in  Palsgrave's  Acolkstns,  1540. 

F1NGERLING.     A  finger-stall,  or  cover  for  a 

.  ftager  or  thumb,     fingerstall  does  not  appear 


to  be  in  the  dictionaries.  It  is  in  common 
use,  and  occurs  in  Florio,  p.  139. 

FINGERS.  The  fingers  are  thus  named  in  a 
nursery  rhyme,  thumb,  foreman,  lone/man, 
ringman,  and  littleman.  Similar  names  are 
of  high  antiquity,  and  the  following  occur  in 
a  curious  MS.  of  the  fifteenth  century. 

like  a  fyngir  has  a  name,  als  men  thaire  fyngers  czllt. 

The  lest  fyngir  hat  Utyl  n>an,  for  Jut  is  lest  of  alle ; 

The  next  fynger  hat  lei  he  man,  for  quen  a  leche  dot,  031, 

With  that  fynger  he  tastes  all  thyng,  hcwe  that  hit  is 
wrojt ; 

Longmtm  hat  the  rnydilmast,  for  longest  fynger  hit  is  ; 

The  ferthe  men  calles  totvLht?)  >  iherwith  men  t(  uches 
i-wis; 

The  fifte  fynger  is  the  tftownile,  and  hit  has  most  myjt, 

And  fastest  haldes  of  alle  the  tother,  forthi  men  calks 
hit  njt.  MS.  Cantab.  Ff.  V.-I8,  f.  82, 

FINGLE-FANGLE.  A  trifle.  See  A  Book  for 
Boys  and  Girls,  Lond.  1686,  pref, 

F1NIAL.  A  pinnacle.  This  is  the  usual  mean- 
ing in  early  documents. 

FINISHING.  Any  ornament  in  stone  at  the 
corner  of  a  house.  Holme. 

FINKEL.  Fennel.  North.  "  Fynkylsede,/em- 
culum,"  Nominale  MS. 

FINNERY.    Mouldy.     West, 

FINNEY.    Humoured ;  spoilt.     West. 

FINNIKIN.    Finical.     Var.  dial 

FINNY.    A  frolic.    7.  Wight. 

FINS.     Finds ;  things  found.     North. 

FINT.    Found.    Weber,  iii.  27. 

FIP.     A  fillip.     VOLT.  dial. 

FIPPLE.     The  under-lip.     North. 

FIR-APPLES.    The  cones  of  firs.     Var.  dial 

FIRBAUKS.  Straight  young  firs,  fit  for  lad- 
ders, scaffolding,  &c.  East. 

FIRBOME.    A  beacon.    Pr.  Parv. 

FIRDED.    Freed.     Craven. 

FIRE.  To  burn.  Hence,  to  have  the  lues 
venerea.  "  Beware  of  your  fire,"  MS,  Asl  m. 
36,  37.  More  fire  in,  the  bed-straw,  more 
concealed  mischief. 

FIRE-BUCKETS.  Buckets  of  water  used  for 
quenching  fires.  Higins. 

FIRE-DAMP.  The  inflammable  air  or  gas  of 
coal  mines.  North, 

FIRE-DEAL.    A  good  deal.     Wilts. 

FIRE-DRAKE.  A  fiery  dragon.  See  Ellis, 
ii.  165.  Later  writers  apply  the  term  to  a 
fiery  meteor,  and  sometimes  to  a  kind  of  tire* 
work.  Firemen  were  also  called  fire-drakes. 

FIRE-FAN  GED.    Fire-bitten.    North. 

FIRE-FLAUGHT.     Lightning,     horth. 

FIRE-FLINGER.    An  incendiary.    Hall 

FIRE-FORK,    A  shovel  for  the  fire.     (./,-£) 

FIRE  HOOK.  An  iron  instrument  formerly  used 
for  pulling  houses  down  when  set  on  fire. 

FIRE -IRON.  A  piexie  of  iron  or  steel  used  for 
striking  a  light  with  a  flint.  Pr.  Parv. 

FIRE-LEVEN,    Laghtoig.    C%aucer. 

FIRE-NEW.  Quite  new.  Shaft.  "Or  fire-new 
fashion,  in  a  sleeve  or  slop,"  Du  Bartas,  p. 
516.  Still  in  use. 

FIRE-OIVB1LL.    A  fierce  burning  jpaia  in  t> 
and  feet.   North. 


FIS 


358 


FIV 


FIRE-PAN.     A  fire-shovel ;  a  vessel  used  for 
conveying  fire  from  one  apartment  to  another. 
far.  dial. 
FIRE-PIKE.     A  fire-fork.    It  Is  translated  by 

furcitta  in  MS.  Arund.  249,  f.  89. 
FIRE -POINT.    A  poker.    North. 

FIRE -POTTER.     A  poker.     Lane. 

FIRE-SHIP.  A  prostitute.  South.  No  doubt 
from  the  old  meaning  of  fire,  q.  v. 

FIRE-STONE.  A  flint  used  with  steel  or  iron 
for  striking  a  light  with. 

FIRK.  (1)  A  trick,  or  quirk ;  a  freak.  Fir&ery, 
a  very  odd  prank. 

(2)  To  whip ;  to  beat.     See  also  Ferke. 

FIRLY.     Confusion ;  tumult.     North. 

FIRLY-FARLY.    A  wonder.     Craven. 

FIRM.  To  confirm.  North.  SeeLambarde's 
Perambulation,  1596,  p.  405. 

FIRRE.    Further.     Syr  Gawayne. 

FIRRED.    Freed,     Craven. 

FIRRENE.     Made  of  fir.     (A>~S.) 

FIRST.  (1)  Forest.    Hearne. 

(2)  Early ;  youthful.     Gawayne. 

FIRST-END.    The  beginning.    North. 

FIRSTER.     First.     North. 

FIRST-FOOT.  The  name  given  to  the  person 
who  first  enters  a  dwelling-house  on  New- 
Year's  day.  North. 

FIRSUN.    Furze  or  gorse.    MS.  Med. 

FIRTHE,    A  wood,  or  coppice. 

In  the  frount  of  ttefyrthe,  as  the  wayeforthis, 
Fyfty  thosande  of  folke  was  felhcle  at  ones. 

Mfcte  Arthur*,  MS.  Lincoln,  f.  72. 

FIRTLE.    To  fidget.     Cumo. 
FISE.    Lirida.    Nominale  MS. 
FISGIG.  (1)  Frisky.     Warw. 

(2)  A  worthless  fellow.     Somerset.     In  Craven, 
a  light-heeled  wench.    See  Skelton's  Works, 
ii.  175.  "Afisgig,  orfiskiug  housewife,  trotieref 
Howell,  1660. 

(3)  A  kind  of  boy's  top.    Blount. 

FISH.  As  mu£e  as  afisk,  very  silent.  See  the 
Two  Lancashire  Lovers,  1640,  p.  266.  "  Hoc 
mihi  non  est  negotium,  I  have  other  fish  to 
Me,"  MS.  Rawl,  A.D.  1656. 

FISHER.  A  dish  composed  of  apples  baked  in 
batter.  Devon. 

FISHERATE.  To  provide  for.  East.  Per- 
haps a  corruption  of  officiate. 

FISH-FAG.    A  fish-woman.    South. 

FISH-GARTHS.  Places  made  by  the  sides  of 
rivers  for  securing  fishes,  so  that  they  might 
be  more  easily  caught. 

FISHING-TAUM.    An  angling  line.     North. 

FISH-LEEP.    A  fish-basket.    Pr.  Pan. 

FISK.     To  frisk  about,  idling.     "That runneth 

wtjisTcing,"  Tusser,  p.  286. 
FrSNAMY.    Face,  or  "similitude  of  man  or 
beast/'  Huloet,  1552. 
ThP  faireste  of  fyssnamy  that  fourmede  was  ever. 

Mm  te  Ai-thw  e,  MS.  Lincoln,  f.  88. 

FISOBROWE.  A  kind  of  lobster;  translated 
by  ffants  in  Nominale  MS. 

FISS-BUTTQCKED-SOW.  A  fat,  coarse,  vul- 
gar, presuming  woman.  East, 


FISSES      Fists.     Var.  dial 

FISSLE.  (1)  A  thistle.     Suffolk. 

(2)  To  fidget.  North.  In  early  English  the 
same  as  Fine,  q.  v.  and  still  in  use. 

FIST.     Same  as  Fise,  q.  v. 

FIST-BALL.  A  kiiid  of  ball  like  a  foot-ball, 
beaten  with  the  fists.  See  the  Nomenclator, 
1585,  p.  296. 

FISTING-HOUND.  A  kind  t>f  spaniel,  men- 
tioned in  Harrison's  England,  p,  230. 

FISTY,  The  fist  To  come  to  fisty-cuffs,  i.  e. 
to  fight.  Var.  dial. 

FIT.  (1)  Ready ;  inclined.     Var.  dial 

(2)  To  match ;  to  be  equal  with.    Shalt. 

(3)  A  division  of  a  song,  poem,  or  dance.     See 
Thornton  Romances,  p.  191. 

FITCH.  (1)  A  polecat.    Somerset. 

(2)  A  small  spoonful.    Line. 

FITCHES.    Vetches.     Var.  dial 

FITCHET.  A  polecat.  Ako  called  fitch, 
fitchee,  fitcher,  fitcholCj  jit  chew,  and  fitchuJs. 
Harrison,  p.  225,  seems  to  make  some  distinc- 
tion between  the  fit  chew  and  polecat^  and  the 
term  is  sometimes  explained  a  kind  of  stoat  or 
weasel.  It  was  formerly  a  term  of  contempt. 

FITCH ET-PIE.  A  pie  composed  of  apples, 
onions,  and  bacon.  North. 

FITH.  A  fight.  "  Man  that  goth  in  fray  and 
fyth?  Arch.  xxx.  383. 

F1THELE.    A  fiddle.    (A.-S.} 

Meche  she  kouthe  of  mcnstrakie, 
Of  harpe,  offttttelc,  of  sautri. 

Gy  of  Watrwifa;  p.  4125. 

FITMENT.    Equipment,  or  dress.     S/ia&. 

FITONE.  To  tell  falsehoods.  See  Stauihurst, 
p.  15.  Palsgrave  has jfaf/ew. 

FITPENCE.    Five-pence.     Devon. 

FITTEN.  A  pretence,  or  feint.  West.  Gifford, 
in  his  notes  on  Ben  Jonson,  seems  unac- 
quainted with  this  provincialism.  No  doubt 
fromfitone,  q.  v. 

FITTER.  To  kick  with  the  feet,  as  cross  chil- 
dren do.  Hencej  to  be  in  a  passion.  North. 

FITTERS.  Persons  who  vend  and  load  coals, 
fitting  ships  with  cargoes.  North.  All  in 
fitters,  i.  e.  in  very  small  pieces  or  fragmeat&. 
Yorksb. 

FITTILY.    Neatly ;  nicely  5  cleverly.    Devon. 

FTTTINGEST.    Most  fitting.     (d*-S.) 

FITTLE.  (1)  Victuals.     Won. 

(2)  To  tattle,  or  blab.    Somonet. 

(3)  To  clean.    Oason. 

FITTLE D-ALE.    Ale  with  spirits  warmed  and 

sweetened.     Yorfok. 
FITTON.    Same  as  Htone,  q.  v. 
FITTY.  (1)  A  term  applied  to  lands  left  by  the 

sea ;  marsh-lands.    Lino. 
(2)  Neat ;  clever;  proper.    South. 
FIVE-FINGERS.    OxHps.    Bs#&    Called/w- 

finger-grass  in  Florin,  p,  138.    Also  the  same 

as  Atiberryi  q.  v. 

FIVE-LEAF.    The  herb  cmquefoft, 
FIVE-PENNI-MORRIS.    The$*me&Emerri£s, 

or  nine  men's  morris,  as  Sbake^^eatft  tefuit  it, 

It  was  commonly  played  in  England 


FLA 


359 


FLA 


stones,  but  in  France  with  counters  made  on 

purpose  for  it. 

FIVES.    Avives,  a  disease  in  horses. 
FIX.    A  lamb  yeaned  dead.     West. 
FIXACIOUN.    Fixing.    A  chemical  term. 

To  do  ther  "bejiraczour), 

With  temprjd  hetis  of  thefyre. 

Cower,  MS.  Soc.  Antiq.  134,  f.  119. 
FIXE.     Fixed.     Chaucer. 
FIXEN.    A  vixen,  or  scold.    North. 
FIXENE.    The  female  fox. 

The  faen&  fox  whelpeth  under  the  erthe  more 
depe  than  the  bicche  of  the  wolf  doith. 

MS.  BodZ.  546% 

FIX-FAX.    Same  as  Faxwax,  q.  v. 

FIXURE.    Fixed  position.     Shak. 

FIZ.  A  flash;  a  hissing  noise.  Var.  dial. 
HencQfizgig,  a  small  quantity  of  damp  powder 
set  alight  by  boys  for  their  amusement. 

FIZMER.     To  fidget.     Suffolk. 

FIZZLE.  To  do  anything  without  noise,  as 
flatus  bentris,  sine  crepitu  aut  sonitu.  See 
Cleaveland's  Poems,  1660,  p.  40  ;  Florio,p.  8. 
Fizzler,  MS.  Addit.  5008.  To  nestle.  Quimb. 

FLA.    To  frighten.     Yorfah. 

FLAAT.     Scolded.     Craven. 

FLABBERGAST.  To  astonish,  or  confound 
utterly  with  amazement.  /  "ar.  dial. 

FLABBERKIN.    Flabby.    Nash,  1592. 

FLABELL.    A  fan.    Junius,  1585. 

FLABERGULLION.    A  lout,  or  clown. 

FLACK.  (1)  A  blow,  or  stroke.    Last. 

(2)  To  hang  loosely.     Var.  dial. 

(3)  To  move  backwards  and  forwards  ;  to  palpi- 
tate.    Flacker  in  Craven  Gloss,  i.  1  52. 

Hire  coldebreste  bygan  to  hete, 
Here  herte  also  to  flacke  and  bete. 

Gouter,  MS.  Soc.  Antnq.  134,  f.  237. 

FLACKER.    To  flutter;  to  quiver.   North. 
FLACKERED.    Rejoiced.     Cumb. 
FLACKET.  (1)  To  flap  about.    Hence,  a  girl 

whose  clothes  hang  loosely  about  her  ; 

eting  wench.    East. 
(2)  A  bottle  or  flask.    North. 

of  gold,"  Morte  d'  Arthur,  i.  282. 
FLACKING-COMB.      A  wide-toothed    comb. 

SeeBatchelor's  Oithoep.  Anal.  1809,  p.  132. 
FLACKY.     Hanging  loosely.    East. 
FLAFFER.     Same  as  Ffac&er,  q.  v.    "  A  thou- 

wnfiLjlqfflnff  flags,"  Du  Bartas,  p.  363. 
FLAG.  (1)  A  flake  of  snow.     North. 
(2)  Turf,  or  sod.  East.    The  term  is  also  applied 

to  the  small  pieces  of  coarse  grass  common  in 

some  meadows^ 
FLAGEIN.    Flattering  ;  lying.    North. 


FLAGELL.  (1)  A  flageolet. 
(2)  Terror  j  frigfot  ;  scourge.   Lydyate. 
FLAGELUTE.  A  rent  or  hole  in  a  garment.  East. 
FLAGETTE.    A  flagon.   Chester  Plays,!.  124, 
FLAG-FEATHERS.    The  festteta  at  the  wings 

nest  tfcte  kxly  of  a  iba-wk. 
FLAGGE.    A  groat.    Harmon. 
FLAGGING.  (I)  Paving  with  stones.    West. 
(£)  Flapping;  Waving   Devon, 
HAG&Y.    Flabtoy.  Somerset. 
FJU.GITATE.    To  desire  earnestly.   (Lat<) 


FLAGRANT.    Fragrant.     Arch.  xxix.  32D. 

FLAH.    Turf  for  fuel.   North. 

FLAID.  Afraid;  terrified.  North.  "Thay 
weren  aflayde?  Archaeologia,  xxii.  369. 

FLAIE.     Flew.     Chaucer. 

FLAIGHT.     Same  as  Flak,  q.  v. 

FLAIK,  A  portion  or  space  of  stall.  Also,  a 
wooden  frame  for  keeping  oat-cakes  upon. 
North. 

FLAINE.  (1)  The  ray-fish.    North. 

(2)  Fled.     Chaucer. 

FLAIRE.    The  ray,  or  scate.    Ray. 

FLAITCH.    To  flatter;  to  persuade.    Cumb. 

FLAITE.    To  scare,  or  frighten.    North. 

FLAKE.  (1)  A  paling,  or  hurdle,  of  any  de- 
scription ;  a  temporary  gate  or  door.  North. 
The  term  occurs  m  Holinshed,  Chron.  Ireland, 
p.  178.  SeeJF&i*. 

(2)  A  piece,  or  fragment.     Line. 

(3)  A  scale  or  covering  membrane.  Pr.  Paw. 
FLAKE-WHITE.    White  lead.    Holme. 
FLAM.  (1)  To  deceive  or  cheat.    Kent.    Also  a 

substantive,  a  falsehood. 

(2 )  A  violent  fall ;  a  heavy  stroke.    North. 

(3)  A  low  marshy  place,  particularly  near  a  river. 
This  word  is  common  at  Islip,  co.  Oxon,  and 
perhaps  in  other  places,  though  it  was  long 
since   mentioned  by  Hearne  as  peculiar  to 
Oxfordshire.    See  Gloss,  to  Langtoft,  p.  571. 
It  is,  however,  in  no  printed  glossary. 

FLAMBE.  A  flame.  (^.-JV.)  Also  a  herb, 
mentioned  in  MS.  Med.  Line,  f,  314. 

FLAMED.     In  named.    Spenser. 

FLAME-FEW.  The  brilliant  reflection  of  tne 
moon  seen  in  the  water. 

FLAMMAKIN.  A  blowsy  slatternly  wench. 
Devon. 

FLAMMANDE.    Glittering. 

Fesauntez  enflureschit  in  fia-mmomde  silver. 

Sfwto  Arthurs,  MS.  Lincoln,  f.  55. 
FLAM-NEW.     Quite  new.     Cornw. 
FLAMPOYNTES.      Pork  pies,  seasoned  with 
cheese  and  sugar,     A  common  dish  in  early 
cookery.    See  Warner,  p.  66. 
FLAN.     Broad  and  large.    North. 
FLANCANTERKIN.    The  white  rot.    Som. 
FLANCARDES.    Coverings  for  a  horse's  flanks. 

See  Hall,  Henry  IV.  f.  12. 
FLANCH.    A  projection.    North. 
FLANE.    to  flay.     (4.-S.) 
FLANG.  (1)  Flung ;  rushed.     Weber. 
(2)  To  slam  a  door.    Suffolk. 
FLANGE.    To  project  out.     Var.  dial 
FLANKER.    A  spark  of  fire.    West.    " 

of  fier,"   Holinshed,  Chronicles  o£  Ireland, 
p.  148.     See  Devon.  Dial. 

For  who  can  hide  the  jfancktinfr  frame, 
That  still  itselfe  betrajtetf  ? 

T«rbe vilf*  (toid,  1567,  f .  S31. 

FLANN.    Shallow.   OtM. 
FLANNJ2D.     S&aSow.     O<*Wn. 
FLANNEN.    Ilanuel.     V*K  dial. 
FLANTOM.    A,  flafttmn-fiktherum  piebald  di&i 

i.  e.  a  woman  fantastically  dressed  T<dtii  various 

colours.    Grotie. 

.  (1)  A  stroke,  tMr  tducfe.    «  A  flop  witfc  ft 


FLA 


360 


FLA 


fox-taile,"  Florio,  p.  137.  Hence,  an  affliction 
of  any  kind.  East.  Also,  to  strike  or  beat. 
See  HowelTs  Lex.  Sect.  i. 

And  thane  Alexander  sett  hym  up  In  his  bedd, 
and  gaffe  hymeselfe  a  gyctetfappe  on  the  cheke,  and 
bygane for  to  weperijte  bitterly. 

Je  MS.  Lincoln  A.  i.J,  f.48. 

Alle  thefiescheof  the  flanke  hejlappes  in  sondyre. 

JUS.  jtforifl  ^J  */*«'  e,  f.  82. 

(2)  To  flap  a  froize,  to  turn  it  in  the  pan  without 
touching  it.    East. 

(3)  A  piece  of  anything  flapping  to  and  fro  on  a 
line  or  point,  as  a  jfly^to  drive  flies  away. 
See  Nomenclator,  p.  251;   Tarlton,  p.  120; 
Randolph's  Jealous  Lovers,  1646,  p.  23;  Cocke 
Lorelles  Bote,  p.  2. 

(4)  An  unsteady  woman.    Dutft, 
FLAP-DOCK.   Foxglove.    Devon. 
FLAPDOODLE.   The  stuff  fools  are  said  to  be 

nourished  on.    West. 

FLAP-DRAG  ON.  A  small  substance,  such  as  a 
plum  or  candle-end,  set  afloat  in  a  cup  of 
spirits,  and  when  set  on  fire,  to  be  snatched  by 
the  mouth  and  swallowed.  This  was  a  com- 
mon amusement  in  former  times,  but  is  now 
nearly  obsolete.  Flap-dragon  was  also  a  cant 
term  for  the  luesvenerea* 

FLAP- JACK.  (1)  The  lapwing.  Suffolk. 

(2)  A  pancake,  "  D onsets  and  flappjacks,"  King 
and  a  Poore  Northerne  Man,  1640.   The  term 
is  applied  in  Norfolk  to  an  apple  turnover. 
Jennings  says,  "  a  fried  cake  made  of  batter, 
apples,  &c." 

(3)  A  flat  thin  joint  of  meat.   East. 
FLAPPERS,    Young  birds  just  enabled  to  try 

their  wings  before  they  fly.   East. 
FLAPPE-S  AWCE ,    A  term  of  reproach,  formed 
similarly  to  flapdoodle,  .q.  v. 

Nowehathe  this  glutton,  1.  this  tfappe-sawce,  the 

thyng  that  he  may  plentuously  swallowe  downe  hole. 

Palfgrave**  Acolastus,  1540. 

FLAPPY.    Wild ;  unsteady.    North. 
FLAPS.    Large  broad  mushrooms.    East. 
FLAPSE.    To  speak  impertinently.     Also,  an 

impudent  fellow.  Beds. 
FLAPSY.  Flabby.  Beds. 
FLARE.  (1)  To  flare  up}  to  be  very  angry  all  of 

a  sudden.     Var.  dial. 

(2)  Fat  round  a  pig's  kidney.     West 

(3)  Saliva.     Somerset. 
FLARING.     Showy;  gaudy.    North. 
FLARNECK.    To  flaunt  vulgarly.   East. 

FL  ARRANGE.    A  bustle;  a  great  hurry,    Norf. 
FLASH.  (1)  To  make  a  flash,  i.  e.  to  let  boats 

down  through  a  lock.   West.     It  is  a  common 

term  for  a  pool.    See  Flosche. 

(2)  A  perriwig,    North. 

(3)  To  rise  up.    "  The  sea  flashed  up  unto  his 
legs  and  knees,"  Holinshed,  Hist.  England, 
p.  181.    See  Palsgrave's  Acolastus,  1540. 

(4)  To  trim  a  hedge.    East. 

(5)  To  cut  a  flash,  to  make  a  great  show  for  a 
short  time. 

'6)  A  sheaf  of  arrows.     Sftnner. 

FI^SHES.    TJie  hot  stages  of  a  fever.    South 


FLASHY.    Gay ;  showy.   Also,  loose,  unstable, 

as  unsound  grass ;  insipid. 
FLASKER.      To  flutter;    to   quiver.     North. 

Wilbraham  says,  ''to  choke,  or  stifle." 
FLASKET.    A  clothes-basket.    Also,  a  shallow 

washing-tub.     Var.  dial 
FLASKIN.     Same  as  Bottle  (1),   Yorksh. 
FLAT.  (1)  Sorrowful;  out  of  spirits;  heavy; 

without  business.      Var.  diaL 

(2)  A  hollow  in  a  field.  Glouc.  Any  very  smooth 
level  place.    Anciently,  a  field. 

(3)  Entirely.    Dent's  Pathway,  p.  138. 

(4)  A  blow,  or  stroke.    "  Swiche  a  fiat,"  Arthour 
and  Merlin,  p.  182. 

FLAT-BACK.    A  common  knife.    North. 

FLAT-CAPS,  A  nick-name  for  the  citizens,  de- 
rived from  their  dress.  SeeAmends  for  Ladies, 
p.  62.  It  was  a  general  term  of  deri&ion. 

FLATCH.    To  flatter.    North. 

FLATCHET.    The  stomach.     Devon. 

FLAT-FISH.  Flounders,  &c.  South.  See  a 
list  Qi  flat-fish  in  Harrison,  p.  224. 

FLATH.    Filth ;  dirt ;  ordure.    West 

FLATHE.    The  ray,  or  scate.    Pr.  Parv. 

FLAT-IRON.  A  heater-shaped  iron  without  a 
box.  Var.  dial 

FLATIVE.    Flatulent.    Aws.  JDram, 

FLATLING.  Flat.  To  strike  flailing,  to  strike 
with  the  broad  flat  side  of  anything.  See 
Florio,  p.  137 ;  Morte  d'Arthur,  i.  294  ;  Tern- 
pest,  ii.  1 ;  Bourne's  Inventions  or  Devises, 
1578,  No,  32.  "Flat  pece,  patera,"  MS. 
Arund.249,f.89. 

And  to  hys  chaumfcuir  can  he  gone, 
And  leyde  hym^a^^on  the  groundc. 

SIS.  Cantab.  Ff.  ii.38,  f.  9fc 

FLATLINS.     Plainly ;  peremptory.     North. 

FLAT-MILK.     Skimmed  milk.    Line. 

FLATOUR.    A  flatterer.    (^.-A1.) 

FLAT-RHAN.     Stratas  of  coal.    Staff. 

FLATS.  Small  white  fresh-water  fish,  as  roach, 
&c.  Suffolk. 

FLAT-STONE.     A  measure  of  iron-stone. 

FLATTEN.    To  strike,  or  slap.    (^/.-JV.) 

FLATTER-DOCK.    Pond  weed.    Chesh. 

FLAUGH.    Flew;  fled.    Ritson. 

FLAUGHTER.  (1)  To  frighten.    Yorteh. 

(2)  Thin  turf  turned  up.   North. 

FLAUMPEYNS.  A  dish  in  ancient  cookery 
composed  of  pork,  figs,  eggs,  pepper,  saffron, 
salt,  white  sugar,  &c.  See  Flampoynte*. 

FLAXJN.  A  custard,  generally  made  in  raised 
paste.  North.  The  term  is  common  in  an- 
cient receipts,  but  it  was  made  in  various  ways-, 
and  a  kind  of  pancake  was  so  called.  Nettle- 
ham  feast  at  Easter  is  called  the  Flown,  pos- 
sibly from  flauna  having  been  formerly  eaten 
at  that  period  of  the  year. 

FLAUNTS.    Fineries.    Shah. 

FLAUT.  A  roll  of  wool  carded  ready  for 
spinning.  North. 

FLAYER.    Froth,  or  foam.    Line. 

FLAW.  A  violent  storm  of  wind.  SeeBrome'a 
Travels,  1700,  p.  241 ;  Florio,  p»  132.  Hence* 
metaphoricallv,  a  quarrel* 


FLE 


361 


FLE 


FLAWE.  (1)  Yellow.     Chaucer. 

(2)  To  flay  an  animal.    Pr.  Parv. 

FLAWES.  (1)  Square  pieces  of  heath-turf,  dried 

for  fuel.     Yorfah. 
(2)  Sparks.     Possibly  this  may  be  the  word  in- 

tended in  Meas.  for  Meas.  ii.  3. 


s  of  fyre  flawraes  one  theire  hclmes. 
Morte  Aithwe,  MS.  Lincoln,  f.  80. 

FLAWGHTIS.    Flakes  of  snow. 

And  thare  begaiie  for  to  falle  grete  flawghti* 
of  snawe,  as  thay  had  bene  grete  lokkes  of  wolle. 
MS.  Lincoln  A.  i.  17,  f.  31. 

FLAWING.    Barking  timber.    Kent. 

FLAWMBE.    Aflame.     (A.-N.) 

FLAAVPS.     An  awkward,   noisy,  untidy  and 

slovenly  person.    North. 
FLAWS.    Thin  cakes  of  ice.     Shak. 
FLAXEN-EGG.    An  abortive  egg.     Devon. 
FLAX-WIFE.     A  female  spinner.     Ball. 
FLAY.  (1)  To  pare  turf  from  meadow-land  with 

a  breast-plough.     West. 

(2)  To  mix.     A  term  in  old  cookery,     Also,  to 
take  the  chill  off  liquor. 

(3)  Same  as  Fla,  q.  v. 

(4)  To  skin  a  hart  or  hind.    A  hunting  term. 
FLAY-BOGGARD.    A  hobgoblin.    North. 
FLAY-CRAW.    A  scarecrow.     Craven. 
FLAYRE.     Smell;  odour. 

And  alle  swete  savowres  that,  men  may  fele 
Of  alkyn  thyng  that  here  saveres  wele, 
War  noght  bot  styncke  to  regarde  of  the  flayre, 
That  es  in  the  cyt6  of  hefen  so  fayre. 

Havnpole,  MS.  Bowes,  p.  230. 

FLAYSOME.    Frightful.     North. 

FLAZE.    A  smoky  flame.     Var.  dial. 

FLAZZ.    Newly  fledged.    Kent. 

FLAZZ  ARD.      A    stout    broad-faced    woman 

dressed  in  a  showy  manner.    East. 
FLEA.  (1)  To  flay  off  the  skin.    North. 
(2)  To  send  one  away  with  a  flea  in  his  ear,  i.  e. 

to  dismiss  him  with  a  good  scolding,  or  make 

him  uneasy,     See  Ainim's  Nest  of  Nannies, 

1608,  p.  30. 

FLEA-BITE.    A  mere  trifle.     Var.  dial 
FLEA-BITTEN.     Of  a  dark  speckled  colour. 

"  A  flea-bitten  horse  never  tires,"   old  pro- 

verb.    See  Ben  Jonson,  iv.  482. 
FLEACHE  S.    Portions  into  which  timber  is  cut 

by  the  saw.    East. 
FLEAD.  (1)  Stood.     Cumb. 
(2)  Lard.    Kent  and  Sussex. 
FLEA-DOCK.    The  herb  butter-burr. 
FLEAK.  (1)  A  flounder.    Northumt. 

(2)  To  tire,  or  exhaust.    North. 

(3)  A  small  lock,  thread,  or  twist.    Metaphori- 
cally, a  little  insignificant  person.    See  Nares. 

(4)  A  variegated  snail-shell.    Zinc. 
FLEAKY.    Flabby;  soft.    North. 
FLEAM.    A  water-course.    North. 
FLEAMY.    Clotted  with  blood.    Line. 
FLE  AN.    Flayed.    Gent*  Rec,  ii.  77. 
FLEAND.    Flying.    See  Torrent,  p.  61, 

Fare  welle,  y  parte  fro  the, 
Thefle&nd  devylle  wyth  the  bee, 

MS.  Cantab.  Ff.  ii.  38,  f.  134. 

FLEASH.     The  substance  under  the  bark,  or 
rind  of  h«rbs»    Baret. 


FLEAURE.    The  floor.    North. 
FLEBLEJ).     Enfeebled.    (4.-N.) 
FLEERING.     Slander.     Skinner. 
FLECCHE.     To  separate  from ;  to  quit. 
Som  man,  for  lak  of  ocupaaon, 

Museth  farther  than  his  wit  may  strecche, 
And  at  fendis  mstigacion 
Dampnable  erroure  holdcth,  and  can  notjlecche* 
Qccleve*  MS.  Soc.  Antiq*  134,  f.  251. 

FLECCHED.    Dismissed;  separated. 

Out  is  he  put,  Adam  the  wrecched, 

Fro  Paradis  fouly  flecched. 

Cursor  Mundi,  MS.  Coll.  Trin.  Cantab,  f.  7 
FLECK.  (1)  The  down  of  animals.    East. 

(2)  A  crack,  or  defect ;  a  spot.     North. 

(3)  To  fly.     Chesh. 

(4)  A  side  of  bacon.     NortJiumb. 

(5)  Lightning.     "  Like  fleck."    East. 

(6)  To  comb.   Hence  flecken-comb,  a  comb  with 
large  teeth.     South. 

(7)  To  deprive ;  to  steal.    East. 

(8)  A  sore  place  in  the  flesh  where  the  skin  is 
rubbed  off.    Line.    Also,  the  flesh  itself. 

FLECKED.  (1)  Arched;  vaulted.     (^.-M) 
(2)  Marked;  spotted;  streaked.    It  occurs  in 

Chaucer,  Piers  Ploughman,  &c.    Still  in  use 

in  Lincolnshire. 

FLECKER.    To  flutter,     Chaucer. 
FLECKSTONE.  A  small  stone  used  in  spinning. 

Nominale  MS. 

FLECT.    To  attract,  or  allure.    Hall 
FLECTEN.    To  abound.     Skinner. 
FLED.    Damaged  by  the  fly,  or  wet  weather* 

Salop. 

FLEDGE.    Fledged.    Shale. 
PLEDGERS .    Same  as  Flappers,  q.v. 
FLEE.    To  fly.    Also,  a  fly.    North. 
FLEE-B  Y-THE-SKY.    A  flighty  person ;  a  silly 

giggling  girl.    North. 

EECE.    To  cheat  any  one.     Var.  dial. 
FLEECH.  (1)  A  turn ;  a  bout.    Nash. 
(2)  To  supplicate  in  a  flattering  manner;  to 

wheedle.     North. 
FLEEDE.    Fled.     (A.-S.) 
Thane  the  Bretons  on  the  bente  habyddez  no  lengere, 
Bot  fleecte  to  the  foreste,  and  the  feelde  levede. 

Mm  te  A)  thtire,  MS.  Lincoln,  f.  68. 

FLEE -FLO  WNS.  The  eggs  of  flies  in  meat. 
Dorset. 

FLEEING-EATHER.    The  dragon-fly.    North. 

FLEEK.    A  flitch  of  bacon.     North, 

FLEEN.    Fleas.     Chaucer. 

FLEENURT.  A  field  flower  of  a  yellow  colour. 
Lane. 

FLEER.  To  laugh ;  to  grin ;  to  sneer.  "  I 
fleere,  I  make  an  yvefi  countenaunce  with 
the  mouthe  by  uncoveryng  of  the  tethe," 
Palsgrave.  Still  in  use. 

FLEET.  (1)  To  float.  South.  Also,  a  salt-water 
tide  creek.  Formerly  anr  stream  was  called 
inflect.  Hence,  Fleet-ditch.  In  the  North, 
shallow  water  is  termed  fleet-water •,  and  the 
word  is  alpo  applied  to  a  bog.  Flett,  floated, 
Towneley  Myst  p.  31.  Fleet,  water.  See 
AwU's  Keanetfs  MS.  Glossary. 

(2)  To  skim  milk.     Far.  dial.     "  You  fleeten 


FLE 


3(12 


FLE 


face,"  Beaumont  and  Flist.  v.  442,  i.  e.  you 
whey  face.  Also,  to  skim  any  liquor  of  sedi- 
ment lying  on  the  surface. 

(3)  The  windward  side.    Somerset. 

(4)  To  gutter,  as  a  candle.     Glouc. 
FLEETING.    A  perquisite.    Line. 
FLEETING-DISH.    A  shallow  dish  for  skim- 
ming off  the  cream.    North. 

FLEETINGS.    Curds.     North. 

FLEET-MILK.    Skimmed  milk.    North. 

FLEGE.    Sedge  grass.    Nominale  MS. 

FLEGEL.    Aflagelet.    (A.-N.) 

Tho  the  cloth  was  y-drawe, 
The  waile  gan  a  flegd  blawe. 

Alexander,  AuuhtnlecTc  RlS, 

FLEGG.    A  fly.    Northumb. 

FLEGGE.    Severe ;  terrible.    (4.-N.) 

FLEGGED.  (1)  Fledged.    East. 

(2)  Parted ;  shaped.    Arch.  xxs.  407. 

FLEH.    Same  as  Flay,  q.  v. 

FLEICHS.    Flesh.    W.  Mapes,  p.  S34, 

FLEIH.    Flew;  fled.    Hearne. 

FLE  ING  ALL.    A  kestrel  hawk. 

FLEITER.    To  prop  the  bank  of  a  brook  da- 

maged  by  a  flood.    JDerb. 
FLEO.    See  FMk  and  flake. 
FLEKED.    Bent;  turned.    Hearne. 
FLEKRAND.    Smiling.   'R.deBrunne. 
FLEKYT.    Same  as  Flecked,  q.  v. 
FLEM".    A  farrier's  lancet.    Flem-stick,  a  small 

stick  to  strike  it  into  the  vein, 
FLEME.  (1)  A  river,  or  stream ;  a  large  trench 

cot  ior  draining.    West. 

To./femi?  Jordon  and  to  Betllem, 
And  to  the  borogh  of  Jerusalem. 

MS.  Cantab.  Ff .  n.  38,  f-  72. 
(2)  To  banish.    (A.-S.) 
FLEMED.    Flamed;  burnt.    W&er. 
FLEMER.    Abanisher.    (4.-S.) 
FLEMNOUS.    A  phlegmatic  person. 
Fat  of  kynde  the  Jiemnous  may  trace, 
And  know  hyme  best  by  whylnes  of  hys  facre. 

MS.  Cantab.  Ff.  i.  6,  f.  140. 
FLEN.   Fleas.   Reliq.  Antiq.  i.91. 
FLENE.    To  fly ;  to  escape  from.    ^.-S.) 
They  ttere  so  smert  and  so  fcefte, 
They  made  the  Sarsyns  all  to  fane. 

3£S.  Cttntab.  Ff  li,  38,  f.  168. 
They  myjt  be  no  vreyjkne, 
Her  eritage  is  ther  to  bene. 

MS.  Cantab.  Ff.  v*  48,  f.  3?, 

FLEOTEN,  To  float,  or  sail    (^.-5.) 
FLEPPER.    The  under  lip.    Also,  to  pout  or 

hang  the  lip.    North. 
FLERYANDE.    Fleering ;  grinning. 

Fy  !  sais  syr  Fondas,  thow  Jleryande  wryche. 

Mwte  Arthur  e,  MS  Lincoln,  f.  82, 

FLESCHELYHEDE.    Fleshliness. 

Of  no  careyne,  of  no  Jiescfielyhede, 

MS.  Soc.  Jntiy.  134>  f .  28. 

FLESH.  To  feed  a  hound  to  encotirage"  him  to 
run  well.  Hence,  generally,  to  fatten.  See 
Harrison's  England,  p.  152.  In  the  following 
passage  it  means  enured  tojight,  made  strong 
and  braw>* 

And  Simon  beate  them  bo  the,  and  made  them 
both  gwe  of;    and   after  that  Sitaon    wold   not 


shrinke  for  a  blucldi  nose  with  any  Loye,  for  ha 
was  then  thorowely yte*/ieJ  by  the  raeani  of  Kin-ge. 
MS.  Ashvtmh  308. 

FLESH-AXE.   A  butcher's  cleaver. 
FLESHLY.    Flexible.    (^.-Al) 
FLESHMENT.    Pride  of  success.    Shak. 
FLESSHAMYLS.    A  butcher's  shambles, 
FLET.     A  floor;   a  chamber.     (V/.-S.)     See 
Launfal,  979 ;  Wright's  Anecd.  p.  9  ;  Wright's 
Political  Songs,  p.   337:   Gy  of  Warlike, 
p.  3.   A  field  of  battle,  Weber,  i.  101. 
FLET-CHEESE.  Cheese  made  of  skimmed  milk. 

East  Anglia. 
FLETCHER.    An  arrow-maker.    Properly,  the 

person  who  put  on  the  feather. 
FLETCHES,    Green  pods  of  peas.    East. 
FLETE.  (1)  Same  as  Fleet,  q.  v. 

For  to  consume,  with  his  fervent  heete, 
The  rusty  fylthe  that  in  my  mouth  doth  Jfcrt*. 

Lydgate,  MS.  Sw.  Ant^.  13*,  f*  &, 
Betre  is  to  flete  than  to  synke. 

Gower>MS.Ibid,  F.  yi. 

(2)  Flitted ;  flew.    Gawayne. 
FLETE  RE.     To  flitter.    Lydgat*. 
FLET-MITTE.     Skimmed  milk.    Korttt.    This 

form  occurs  in  Kennett's  MS.  Gloss. 
FLETSHER.    A  young  peas-cod.    East. 
FLETT.    A  scolding,  or  fliting. 
FLETTE.    Flitted.    Lelandi  Itin. 
FLEUKS.    Fat  vermin  in  the  livers  of  diseased 

sheep,    rar.  dial. 
FLEW.  (1)  Shallow.    Somerset.    Spelt  Jftott  in 

Batchelor's  Orthoep.  Anal.  p.  133.     It  occurs 

in  Pr.  Parv.  p.  167,  and  Huloct,  1552. 

(2)  The  down  of  animals.   /  'ar.  dial 

(3)  The  same  as  Flem,  q.  v.  Midi.  C. 

(4)  A  kind  of  fishing-net.   Palsgrave. 

(5)  Washy ;  tender ;  weak.   North. 

FLE  WED.  Having  large  hanging  chaps,  which 
in  hounds  were  called^fews.  "  Whfen  ahonuci 
is  fleet,  faire  flewd,  and  well  hangd,"  LSlb'*8 
Mydas,  ed.  1632,  sig.  X.  xi.  The  tip  of  a  deer's 
horn  was  also  called  the  flew. 
FLEWKE.  The  tunney.  It  is  translatecl  bj 
pelamus  in  Nominale  MS.  Spelt  Jlake,  and 
made  synonymous  with  the  sea  flountftr,  in 
Harrison's  England,  p.  224.  According  to 
Palsgrave,  "  a  kynde  of  a  pleas."  Ste  also 
Brit  BibL  iv.  316. 

FLEWME.    Phlegm.    Arch.  xxx.  407. 
FLEWORT.     A  herb.    Its  synonyrue  in  MS. 

Sloane  5,  f.  5,  is  ijppia  minor. 
FLEXS.    Flesh. 

God  mad  tham  kyrtels  than  icif  ht(tu, 
And  cled  thar^Zfflpj  wit  for  to  hirfe* 

MS.  Cttft.  r&pat.  A.  hi.  f.  7. 
FLBXY.    To  fly.    JR.  de  Bnmne. 
FLEY.    Fled.    Als<H  to  fly. 

Crete  stroky*  the  ye-int  g:afe, 
And  to  the  erthe^  by»  »taf*. 

MS.  Gontab*  Ff.  H,  Sit,  f.  64. 

FLE YCH.  Flesh.   Soags  and  Carols,  x.  Ptyfa, 
Harrowing  of  Hell,  p»  27  j  fteytith,  Ponafce  ol 
Cury,  p.  21 ;  jteya?,  Relio.  Aatlq*  il  5U 
FLEYER.    A  kidney.    MS.  M^d.  J£te. 
PLBYNE.    Baaiished.    Bob.  Glottc,  t>.  343. 
(1)  Flew,    Prort^l* 


FLI 


363 


PLI 


(2)  A  fleece  of  wool.  Translated  by  vettus  in 
Nominate  MS. 

FLIBBERGIBBER.  A  lying  knave.  See  Frat. 
of  Vacabondes,  1575,  repr,  p.  22,  Flitterti- 
gibbet  is  the  name  of  a  fiend  occasionally  men- 
tioned by  old  writers. 

FLICK.  (1)  The  membrane  loaded  with  fat  in 
the  stomach  of  animals.  West. 

(2)  A  flitch  of  bacon.    North.    "  Perm,  a  flyk," 
Nominale  MS. 

Tak  the  larde  of  a  swyne  flulf,  and  anoynte  the 
marines  fete  therwith  underneth. 

MS.  Med.  Line.  f.  304. 

(3)  A  trial,  or  attempt.     South. 

(4)  A  slight  blow,  or  stroke,  especially  with  a 
whip.     Far.  dial.    Also,  to  give  a  jerk. 

(5)  The  down  of  animals.     East. 

(6)  To  lap  up.    South. 
FLICKER.  (1)  To  flatter.     (A.-S.) 
(2)  To  kiss  ;  to  embrace.     Palsgrave. 
FLICKER-MOUSE.    A  bat.    Jorum. 
FLICKETS.    Blushes.    Devon. 
FLICK-TOOTH-COMB.    A  comb  with  coarse 

large  teeth.    Somerset. 
FLIDDER.     A  limpet.    North. 
FLIG.    Fledged.     Chesh.     "  Flygge  as  byrdes 

be,  plumeu"  Palsgrave. 
FLIGGARD.    A  kite  of  a  diamond  form,  much 

used  about  forty  years  since  by  Yorkshire 

schoolboys. 

FLIGGED.  (1)  Fledged.    North. 
(2)  Matted ;  entangled.    Line. 
FLIGGER.    To  flutter;  to  quiver.    East. 
FLIGGERS.  (1)  Same  as  Flappers,  q.  v. 
(2)  The  common  flag.    East  Angl. 
FLICKERS.    Masts  for  ships. 
FLIGHT.  (1)  A  light  arrow,  formed  for  very 

long  and  straight  shots. 

2)  A  scolding  match.    North. 

3)  A  second  swarm  of  bees.   East. 

4)  A  light  fall  of  snow.     Oxon. 

5)  Sea-fowl  shooting.    South. 

(6)  The  first  swarm  of  bees.    Var.  dial 
FLIGHTEN.    To  scold.    North. 
FLIGHTERS.     Sparks ;  embers.     North. 
FLIGHTS.    Turf,  or  peat,  cut  into  square  pieces 

for  fuel.     Lane. 
FLIGHT-SHOT.    The  distance  a  flight  arrow 

would  go,  about  a -fifth  part  of  a  mile. 
FLIGHTY.     Giddy; thoughtless.     Var.  dial 
FLIG-ME.GAIRBY.    A  girl  gaudily  dressed, 

but  untidy  and  slovenly.  North. 
FLIGNESS.  Plumage.  Palsgrave. 
BUM-FLAM.  False;  foolish;  nonsensical.  Also, 

a  lie,  or  piece  of  nonsense  not  necessarily  false. 

See  Stanihurst,  pp.  14,  16;  Howeli's  English 

Proverbs,  p.  15. 
FLINDER-MOUSE,    A  bat.    South. 

One  face  was  attyred  of  the  newe  faahioii  of  wo 

naeM  attyre,  the  other  &ce  like  the  olde  arraye  of 

women,  and  had  wyoge*  like  a  bacfce  or  Jtynder- 

motvte.  MS.  Hart,  486,  f.  11. 

BLINDEKS,    Pieces ;  fragments.    North. 
iLINE*    pown.    Middletott,  ii  515. 
tfLING.  (1)  Will ;  unrestrained  desire.  Var.  dial 
(2)  To  baffle ;  to  disappoint.    North. 


(3)  To  kick  ;  to  resent,    Devon. 

(4)  To  dance  in  a  peculiar  manner,  as  in  the 
dance  so  called;  to  throw  out  the  legs.  North. 

FLINGING-TREE,    A  piece  of  timber  hung  as 

a  partition  in  a  stall,     North. 
FLINT-COAL.    A  kind  of  coal,  so  called  from 

containing  flint.     North. 
FLINTS.    Refuse  barley  in  making  malt.    Var. 

dial.    Dean  Milles  MS. 
FLIP.  (1)  A  slight  sudden  blow.    East.    Also, 

to  fillip  ;  to  jerk  ;  to  move  nimbly  ;  to  throw. 

Somerset.    Lilly,  Mother  Bombie,  ed.  1632, 

sig.  Dd.  ii,  seems  to  use  the  word  in  the  sense, 

to  fillip.    To  flip  up,  to  turn  up  one's  sleeves. 

(2)  A  potation  compounded  of  beer,  gin,  and 
coarse  sugar.     Suffolk. 

(3)  Nimble  ;  flippant.    Devon. 

FLIPE.    The  brim  of  a  hat  ;  a  flake  of  snow. 

Also,  to  pull  off.     North. 
FLIPFLAP.    Same  as  Flap  (3). 
FLIPPER-DE-FLAPPER.   Noise  and  confusion 
caused  by  show.    Sussex.    "  I  nere  saw  such 
^flipper  de  flapper  before/'  King  and  a  Poore 
Northerne  Man,  1640. 

FLIPPERING.     Crying  ;  weeping.    North. 
FLIPPITY-FLOP,    Draggle-tailed;  awkward  in 

fine  clothes.     Wanv. 

FLIRE.  Same  as  Fleer,  q.  v.  Miring,  HoJinshed, 
Chron.  Ireland,  p.  83. 

Tho  two  false,  wyth  grete  yre, 
Stode  and  behelde  her  ryche  atyre, 
And  beganne  to  lagh  and  flyre. 

MS.  Cantab.  Ff.  ii  38,  f.  237. 

FLIRK.    To  jerk,  or  flip  about.     Wilts. 

FLIRT.  To  move  nimbly.  To  speak  in  a  flirt- 
ing way,  i.  e.  sarcastically.  Hence  Flirt-gilt  t 
Flirtlgig,  Flirt-gillian,m  Flirt,  a  forward,  talk- 
ative, and  unconstant  girl.  Var.  dial.  Shake- 
speare }&$  flirt-gill,  and  the  latter  terms  some- 
times occur  in  a  somewhat  worse  sense. 

FLISH.    Fledged.    Devon. 

FLISK.  (1)  To  skip,  or  bounce;  to  fret  at  the 
yoke.  North. 

(2)  A  large-toothed  comb.     West. 

(  3)  To  flick,  as  with  a  whip.    Line. 

(4)  A  bundle  of  white  rods  to  brush  away  cob- 
webs  and  dust.     Glouc. 

FLIT.  (1)  To  remove  ;  especially  when  at  night, 
to  cheat  the  landlord.    North.    The  word  no 
is  inserted  from  MS.  Cantab.  K  iL  38. 
Lat  [no]  newefangylnes  the  plese, 
Oftyn  to  rcraewe  nor  to  flyt. 

Rittan's  Anc.  Pop.Pdet.  1791,  p.  86. 

'2)  To  leave  work  unfinished.     West. 
^3)  Shallow;  thin.    Sitssex. 
(4)  To  fly  ;  to  escape.    Spenser. 
FLITCH.  (1)  Officious  ;  lively.     Witt®. 
(2)  To  move  from  place  to  place,    Norf. 
FLITCHEN,    A  flitch  of  bacon.     West. 
FLITE.    To  scolds  to  bzawl    Nortih. 
Thou  shall  afldyrstatid.  and  wete, 


MS.  H*rl.  1701,  f.  25. 
He  letted  up  and  saghe  there  aytie, 
^BBdes  fele  that  fouly  Jlytte.  ' 

MS.  IVtd.  *VCL 


FLO 


364 


FLO 


Ful  fellyche  God  to  hem  flytes, 

To  thes  fals  ypocrytes.  MS.  Ibid.  f.  21, 

FLITER.    A  scold.    North. 

FLITTEN.  To  remove  a  horse  into  fresh  pas- 
ture. Oxfordsh.  "  Leave  her  on  a  ley,  and 
lett  the  devil  flitt  her/*  a  Line,  proverb. 

FLITTER.    To  hang,  or  droop.    Line. 

FLITTERING.  (1)  Floating.     Chaucer. 

(2)  Showery ;  sleety.    Dorset. 

FLITTER-MOUSE.     See  Flintier-mouse. 

FLITTERS.  (1)  Pieces;  rags.  Somerset.  Also, 
to  scatter  in  pieces,  as  in  Morte  d'Arthur,  i. 
137,  "  iifiytteryd  al  abrode." 

(2)  Small  pancakes.    South. 

FLITTING.  Removal.  "  To  BetMeem  thair 
flitting  made,"  MS.  Cott.  Vespas.  A.iii. 

FLIX.  (1s)  The  flux,    Tusser,  p.  29. 

(2)  The  fur  of  a  hare.     Kent. 

FLIZ.  A  splinter,  or  shiver.  Hence,  to  fly  off ; 
to  make  a  noise.  North. 

FLIZZEN.    To  laugh  sarcastically.    North. 

FLIZZOMS.  Flying  particles  ;  small  fragments ; 
sediment  of  liquor.  East. 

FLO.  (1)  An  arrow.     Chaucer. 

(2)  Flay;  flea,    Ritson. 

FLOAT.  (1)  To  irrigate  land.  West.  Also,  to 
pare  off  the  sward. 

(2)  Chid,  or  scolded.     Yorfoh. 

(3)  Flow;  flood.     Langtoft, 

(4)  A  kind  of  raft.     North. 
FLOAT-GRASS.     Grass  growing  in  swampy 

ground.  Devon,  Dean  Milles  MS.  It  is  the 
gramenfiuviatile  in  Gerard,  p.  13. 

FLOATING.    Hemorrhage.   Somerset. 

FLOATING-SHOVEL.  A  shovel  used  for  cut- 
ting turf.  Salop. 

FLOATS,  The  frames  of  wood  that  hang  over 
the  sides  of  a  waggon.  East. 

FLOATSOME.  Timber  accidentally  carried  away 
by  a  flood.  West. 

FLO  AT-WHE  Y.  Curds  made  from  whey,  much 
used  in  Northumberland. 

FLOATY.     Rank  arid  tall,  as  grass.     Devon. 

FLOCCIPENDED.  Made  no  account  of;  set  no 
value  by.  (Lot.)  See  Hall,  Henry  VII,  f.  40. 

FLOCK.    A  hurdle.    Devon. 

FLOCKET.  A^loose  garment  with  large  sleeves. 
Skelton,  ii.  160.  *  It  is  spelt  floJckard  in  the 
Howard  Household  Books,  1844,  p.  522. 

FLOCKLY.    In  an  ambush.    HalL 

FLOCKMEL.    In  a  flock.    (4.-S.) 

FLOCK-POWDER.  A  kind  of  powder,  formerly 
put  on  cloth. 

FLOCKS.  Refuse ;  sediment ;  down.  Also,  in- 
ferior wool.  Var.  dial 

FLOCKY.    Over-ripe ;  woolly.    Suffolk. 

FLODDERED.     Covered ;  adorned.    Line. 

FLODDER-UP.  To  overflow;  to  stop  up  awater- 
course.  Craven. 

FLODE.    Abounded.     Skinner. 

FLOGGED.     Tired ;  exhausted.     Oxon. 

FLOISTERING.    Skittish ;  boyish*     West. 

FLOITS.    Disorder.     Yorteh. 

FLOITY.  A  flag  thick  at  one  end  and  small  at 
tiie  other.  North. 


FLOKE-MOWTHEDE,  Having  a  mouth  like 
a  flounder.  See  tflewJce. 

Thow  wenes  for  to  flay  us,  JloTce-mowthede  schrewe, 
Sforte  A>  thure,  MS.  Lincoln*  f.  81 

FLOKYNGLYCHE.    In  flocks.     It  is  the  gloss 

of  ffregatim  in  MS.  Egerton  829,  f.  94. 
FLOMAX.    Untidy.     Warw. 
FLOME.    A  river.     Lyb.  Disconus  ,212. 
FLONE.     Arrows.     (A.-S.)     "Thoner  flone," 

lightning,  Towneley  Myst.  p.  92. 
She  bare  a  borne  about  hir  halce, 
Aud  undur  hirgyrdille  monyflonne* 

MS,  Cantab,  Ff,  v.  48. 
FLOOD.    A  heavy  rain.    Devon. 
FLOOD-MARK-    The  mark  which  the  sea  at 

the  highest  tide  makes  on  the  shore,  diulerson. 
FLOOK.    See  Fleufo  and  FlewKe. 
FLOOR-B  ANK.    A  bank  with  a  ditch,  and  the 

same  on  both  sides.    East. 
FLOP.  (1)  Plump ;  flat.     Var.  dial 
(%}  A  mass  of  thin  mud.    Dorset. 

(3)  To  outspread.    NorthamptOTish. 

(4)  The  scrotum.    Somerset. 
FLOPPER.     An  under-petticoat     Cornw. 
FLOPPER-MOUTHED.  Blubber-lipped.  Lane. 
FLORCHYT.    Flourishes.  Reliq.  Autiq.  ii.  1 C6, 
FLORE.    Flower.     Sir  Tristrem. 
FLORENCE.      Florins,  formerly  worth  about 

3s.  4d.  apiece.    Isumbras,  295, 555. 
FLORENTINE.    A  kind  of  pie.     Sometimes,  a 

custard  made  in  paste. 
FLORE  SCHEDE.     Ornamented  j  adorned. 
Hys  feete  waxejlortscfitda  aile  in  fyne  sabyllo. 

Morte  Aith ui-tt,  MS.  Line.  f.  GI. 
FLORREY.    A  blue  dje.     See  Cunningham's 

Revels  Accounts,  pp.  39,  57,  flurry. 
FLORSCHARE.    A  decorator.     Pr.  Parv. 
FLORTH.    A  floor,  or  roof.     Palxgrave. 
FLOSCHE.     A  pit,  or  pool.     See  if  lash  (I). 
Laverd,  thou  led  mi  saute  fra  helle, 
Thou  keped  me  fra  that  in  Jt(ntvhe  fellt*. 

MS.  Cott.  resiM*.  D.  vti.  f,  18. 

FLOSCULET.    A  parterre.     (Lat.) 

FLOSH.  To  spill ;  to  splash.  South.  Hence 
Flosh-hole,  a  hole  which  receives  the  waste 
water  from  a  mill-pond.  See  FloscAe. 

FLOSSY.    A  slattern.     Craven. 

FLOSTER.     To  be  very  gay.     Devon. 

FLOTAGES.  Things  accidentally  floating  on 
seas  or  rivers.  Blount. 

FLOTE.  (1)  Water.  Shak.  The  term  was  also 
applied  to  dew  in  co.  Surrey. 

(2)  Grieved.    Sir  Amadace,  xxxvl  6. 

FLOTED.    Hooded;  watery. 

When  you  come  to  Twyford,  thejtoted  meadowcs 
there  are  all  white  with  little  flowers,  which  1  be- 
lieve are  lady-smocks. 

Jubrey'*  Wilt9,MS.  Royal  Soc  p.  123. 

FLOTE N.    Removed ;  distant.     Cfawayne. 
FLOTERAND.    Floating.    (.<£-£)     ' 
floated,  Kyng  Horn,  129. 

A  bedd  y  fond  there  fiattra-ndt 
And  yn  ytt  a  kni^t  liggande. 

Guy  of  Warwick*  tt&  Confab 

FLOTES.     Bough-made  river  boats, 
used  OJQ  the  Severn. 


FLU 


365 


FLU 


FLOTHERY.    Slovenly,  but  attempting  to  be 

fine  and  showy.    North. 
FLOTHRE.     Flakes  of  snow. 

Mo  saulen  tholieth  there  sucche  wowe, 
Thane  be  flothre  in  the  snowe. 

MS.  Coll.  Jet.  Oxon.  28. 

FLOTIS.  The  foam  or  froth  of  anything  boil- 
ing, &c.  (A.-S.) 

FLOTSAM.  Goods  floating  on  the  sea  after  a 
shipwreck.  See  Howell,  1660,  sect.  vi. ;  Cot- 
grave,  in  v.  Flo. 

FLOTTE.    To  flow.     CJiaucer. 

FLOTTEN-MILK.     Same  as  Flet-mitte,  q.v. 

FLOUGH.  (1)  A  flea.     Chesh. 

(2)  Cold;  windy;  bleak.     North. 

FLOUGHTER.    To  frighten.    North. 

FLOUNDAB.    A  flounder.     Suffolk. 

FLOUNT.  To  strut  about  gaily  or  gaudily 
dressed.  Far.  dial 

FLOUR.  (1)  Soft  thread  or  silk  hanging  loosely, 
such  as  is  put  on  a  tassel. 

(2)  Flower.    (A.-N.) 

FLOURELES.    Without  flower.     Chaucer. 

FLOURETTE.    A  small  flower.     (4.-N.) 

FLOURISH.    A  blossom.     North. 

FLOURON.     A  border  of  flower-work.  (A.-N.) 

FLOUT.  (1)  A  truss,  or  bundle.     Warw. 

(2)  A  boy's  whistle.     Somerset. 

FLOUTERSOME.    Frolicksome.    North. 

FLOW.    Wild ;  untractable.     North. 

FLOWCH.  A  term  of  reproach.  Hye  Way  to 
the  Spyttell  Hous,  n.  d. 

FLOWER.    To  froth,  or  foam.     (A.-N.) 

FLOWERS.  You  are  as  welcome  as  Flowers  in 
May,  i.  e.  very  welcome.  Var.  dial. 

FLOWERY.     Florid;  handsome.     North. 

FLOWISH.     Immodest.    North. 

FLOWT.    The  flood,  or  water.     (A.-S.) 
And  at  a  window  cast  him  owt, 
RJjt  into  Temse /cart. 

MS.  Cantab.  Ff.  v.  48,  f.  106. 

FLOWTE.    A  flute.    Pr.Parv. 

FLOWTJNG.  Carding  wool  to  spin  in  the  mix- 
ture. North. 

FLOYGENE.     A  kind  of  ship.     Spelt  floyne  in 
Octovian,  1485;^ey»e,  1671- 
Ther  werejffoygwje*  on  flote  and  farstes  manye, 
Cokkes  and  karekkes  y-castelled  alle. 

MS*  Cott.  Catiff.  A.  ii.  f.  111. 

FLOYTE.  A  flute.  Lydgate.  Chaucer  has 
floytingr,  playing  on  the  flute. 

FLU.    Pale  and  sickly.    Kent. 

FLUBSY-FACED.    Plump-faced.    North. 

FLUCE.    To  flounce,  or  plunge.    Narea. 

FLUCK.    Same  as  Ftewke,  q.  v. 

FLUE.  (1)  Same  as  Ftan,  and  Doul  (1). 

(2)  Shallow.   East  Anglia.    ' 

(3)  Bed-room  downy  refuse.     Var.  dial.    Also, 
the  nap  or  down  of  anything. 

(4)  The  coping  of  a  gable  or  eid  wall  of  a  house, 
&c.    East. 

FLUE-FULL.    Brimful.     Yorteh, 
FLUFF.    Same  as  Flue  (fy. 
FLUGGAN.    A  coarse  fat  woman.    North. 
FLUISH.    Washy;  tender;  weak.    Also, light 
in  morals.    North. 


FLUKE.  <  1)  Waste  cotton.    Lane, 

(2)  A  lock  of  hah*.    Salop.   This  is  from  Morers 
MS.  Additions  to  Ray. 

(3)  A  flounder.    See  FlewJce. 
Flatt-mowthede  asaj^wie,  with  fleryande  lyppys. 

MarteAitfiurc,  MS.  Lincoln,  f.  65. 
FLUM.  (1)  Deceit.     Var.  dial. 
(2)  Same  as  Flome,  q.  v. 
FLUMBARDYNG.    A  fiery  character. 

Hit  is  an  haTdy  Jlumbardyng-,          , ' 
Wis  and  war  in  alle  thyng. 

King  Alisaunder,  1788. 

FLUMMERY.  (1)  Nonsense.     Var.  dial 

(2)  Oatmeal  boiled  in  water  till  it  is  thick  and 
gelatinous.  North.  Flummery -hulls,  the 
skin  of  oats  prepared  for  making  flummery. 
According  to  Markham's  English  Housewife, 
the  term  in  his  time  was  peculiar  to  Cheshire 
and  Lancashire,  and  generally  eaten  with 
honey,  although  some  used  wine,  ale,  or  milk. 
Blanc-mange  is  also  called  flummery. 

FLUMMOCK.    A  sloven.    Heref. 

FLUMMOX.  To  overcome,  frighten,  bewilder, 
foil,  disappoint,  or  mystify.  Also,  to  maul,  or 
mangle.  Var.  dial. 

FLUMP.  Flat.  Also,  to  fall  down  heavily ;  a 
heavy  fall.  Var.  dial. 

FLUNDER.  To  be  irregular.  "  Fhradring 
fame,"  Nash's  Pierce  Penilesse,  1592. 

FLUNG.    Deceived ;  beaten.    North. 

FLUNIE.   A  river.    W.  Mapes,  p.  347. 

FLUNTER.  To  be  in  a  great  hurry.  Out  of 
flunter,  unwell.  Lane. 

FLURCH.    A  great  quantity.     North. 

FLURE.    Flory;  floured.     Gawayne. 

FLURED.    Ruffled.    Yorteh. 

FLUREN.  Made  of  flour.  "  Fluren  cakes/' 
Wright's  Purgatory,  p.  55. 

FLURICHEN.    To  flourish.    (A.-N.) 

FLUR1NG.    A  brood.    North. 

FLURN.    To  sneer  at ;  to  despise.    Line. 

FLURRY.    A  confusion,    Var.  dial 

FLURT.  (1)  To  snap  the  fingers  derisively. 
Hence,  any  satirical  action  or  speech.  See 
Florio,  p.  98 ;  Thorns'  Anecdotes  and  Tradi- 
tions, p.  24. 

'2)  To  chide  or  scold.     Yor&sh. 

!3)  A  fool.    Somerset. 

FLURT-GILLIAN.     See  Flirt. 

FLURTS.   A  light  woman.    North. 

FLURT- SILK.  A  kind  of  figured  silk,  mentioned 
in  the  Bookeof  Rates,  1598. 

FLUSH.  (1)  Feathered.     Warw. 

(2)  A  great  number.  Var.  dial.  Hence,  prodigal, 
wasteful,  full. 

(3)  Even ;  on  a  level.     Var.  dial. 

(4)  Same  as  Flosh,  q.  v.    Also,  an  increase  of 
water  in  a  river, 

(5)  The  hot  stage  of  a  feven    South.    Also,  hot 
and  heavy,  applied  to  the  weather  or  atmo- 
sphere. 

)  To  hop,  as  a  bird.    Browne. 
7)  A  hand  of  cards  all  of  a  sort.    The  modem 
meaning,  and  so  explained  by  Dyce,  Skelton, 
ii.  348.    Cf.  Cotgrave,  in  v.  Flux.   There  was, 


FNA 


366  FOG 


however,  a  game  of  cards  so  called.    See  Flo- 
rio,p.  190. 

;8)  In  good  condition,  especially  with  regaxd  to 
worldly  circumstances.  It  corresponds  to  the 
first  sense  in  the  phrase  good  feather.  Shake- 
speare has  the  term,  and  it  occurs  in  Lusty 
Juventus,  p.  144  ;  King  Leir,  p.  419. 

FLUSK.    To  fly  out;  to  quarrel.    North. 

FLUSKER.  to  be  confused,  or  giddy;  to  fly 
irregularly.  North. 

TUUSTE.    Plashed ;  pushed.    Ritson. 

FLUSTER.  A  great  hurry,  caused  generally  by 
a  sudden  surprise.  T'ar.  dial 

FLUSTERATION.    See  Fluster. 

FLUSTERED.    Half  tipsy.    Kennett. 

FLUSTERGATED.   Blustering.  7.  Wight. 

FLUSTRATE.  To  frighten;  to  be  m  a  great 
confusion.  Var.  dial 

FLUTTER.    A  litter.    Glouc. 

FLUTTERGRUB.    A  field  labourer.    South. 

FLUX.    To  strike  roth  the  wings.    /.  Wight. 

FLUXIVE.    Flowing  with  moisture.    ShaJc. 

FLUZZED.    Bruised ;  blunted.   North. 

FLY.  (1)  A  familiar  spirit,  attendant  upon  a  witch 
or  astrologer.  An  old  cant  term. 

(2)  To  shun,  or  avoid  anything.  To  fly  away>  to 
frighten  away.  To  fly  asunder,  to  crack.  A 
hawk  is  said  to  fly  on  head,  when  she  mistakes 
her  proper  game ;  to  fly  on  gross,  when  she 
flies  at  great  birds ;  and  to  fly  at  the  brook, 
when  she  goes  after  water-fowl.  To  fy  in 
one's  face,  to  get  into  a  passion  with  him. 

FLYABOSTIC.  Outrageously  showy,  as  in  dress. 
Somerset. 

FLY-BY-NIGHT.  A  worthless  person,  who  gets 
into  debt,  and  runs  off,  leaving  the  house 
empty.  North. 

FLY-CAP.  A  pretty  kind  of  cap,  much  worn 
about  A,  D.  1760. 

FLYCCHE.    To  separate. 

3yf  thou  wades  te  ever  any  wyche 
Thurghe  whycchecraft  vredlak  toflycche, 

MS.  Uarl.  3701,  f.  12 

FLY-CLAPPER.    A  clapper  to  drive  away  flies. 

Also  called  a  fly-flap. 
FLY-DOD.    The  herb  ragwort.    Cfash. 
FLYER.    To  fleer.    This  form  is  fcwind  in  Me- 

riton,  and  Chester  Plays,  ii.  51. 
FLY-FLAP.    See  Fly-dapper. 
FLY-FOOT.    A  Tillage  game  of  leaping  over  one 

another's  hacks.    Var*  dial 
FLY-GOLDIKG.    A  lady-bird.    Sussex. 
FLYNE.    To  fly.   (A.-S.) 

Thcr  is  no  wflde  foule  that  vrillejtyne, 
But  I  am  sicurliim  to  hittyne. 

MS.  Cantab.  Ff.  v.  4&,  f.  49, 

FLYNGE.    To  proceed  very  rapidly.    See  Tor- 
rent of  Portugal,  pp.  17,  81. 
FLYTE.    To  fly. 

Hav,e  my  hors  and  let  me  bee> 
Yam  lothe  toflyte. 

SfS.  Cantab.  Ff.  ii.  38,  f,  79. 

FLY-TIME.    Summer,    Suffolk. 
FNASTE.   To  breathe  hard.    (A.-S.) 

Hwaa  Grim  him  havede  faste  bounden, 
And  sitheo  in  an  eld  cloth  wnden, 


A  IceveJ  of  clutes  ful  unwraste, 
That  he  [ne]  moutlie  speke  ne  fnas 
Hwere  he  wolde  him  bere  or  lede. 


k,  54& 


FO.  (1)  Few.    Somerset. 

Lordynges  thyr  ar  y-now  of  tho, 
Of  gentylrnen  thyr  are  but/). 

J1/&  Harl.  1701,  f.  50. 

(2)  A  foe.    (A.-S-)    Havelok,  1363,  2849. 

FOAL.  An  assistant  to  the  putters  in  a  coal 
mine.  North. 

FOAL-FOOT.    The  herb  colt's-foot.    North. 

FOAL-KELL.    The  amnion.    North. 

FOAP.    To  comb  back.    Devon. 

FOB.   Froth,  or  foam.    South. 

FOBBED.    Disappointed,     North.  * 

FOBBLE.    Quadruple.    Yorfok. 

FOBEDAYS.    Ilolydays.     Ozell 

FOBS.    Same  as  Date,  q.v. 

FOCER.    A  coffer,  or  chest.    Palsgrave. 

FOCHE.    To  fetch.    Towneley  Myst.  p.  CO, 

FODDENED.    Fed.  Nominale  MS. 

FODDER.    To  mutter.   Somerset. 

FODDERING-GROUND.  A  grass  enclosure  for 
feeding  cattle.  TFest. 

FODDYNG.  A  division.  (-*.-£)  Sec  Kyng 
Alisaunder,  48.  The  Bodl.  MS.  has  shedynges. 

FODE.  (1)  This  term  is  found  in  early  writers, 
especially  in  the  old  metrical  romances,  in  the 
sense  of  man,  woman,  girl,  or  boy.  Few  ex- 
pressions are  more  commonly  met  with  than 
frelyfode,  i.  e.  nobly  fed,  or  a  well-bred  per- 
son. "  To  wedd  tliys  frely  fode,"  Sir  Egla- 
mour,  1254. 

(2)  To  fade  out  with  words,  to  keep  in  attention 
and  expectation,  to  deceive.  The  phrase  oc- 
curs in  Skelton,  Harrington,  &c. 

FODER.    A  burthen  ;  a  fother.     (d.-S.) 

FODGE.    A  small  bundle.    Glouc. 

FODYNGE.    A  nourishing.   Pr.  Para. 

FOE.    To  fall.   Lane. 

FOEMAN.  A  foe.  This  occurs  in  many  writers, 
but  5s  now  obsolete, 

FOG.  (1)  The  second  crop  of  grass,  or  aftermath. 
Forby  applies  the  term  to  long  grass  left 
through  the  winter  for  early  spring  feed,  which 
suits  the  context  in  the  passages  where  the 
word  occurs  in  Dray  ton.  Blount,  in  v.  Fogage, 
says,  "  fog,  or  feg,  rank  grass  not  eaten  in 
summer  ;"  and  it  is  explained  in  the  Yorkshire 
Dialogue,  1697T  p.  £8,  "  fresh  grass  that  comes 
after  mowing." 

(2)  Moss.    North, 

(3)  To  hunt  in  a  servile  manner  ;  to  flatter  for 
gain.    Deleker. 

(4)  To  take  cattle  ont  of  pastures  in  the  autumn. 
Craven. 

K)GAN.    A  kind  of  cake.     Cornw. 
FOGEY.    An  eccentric  old  man.     Var.&al 
K>GGER.  (1)  A  huckster.    Strffotic. 

(2)  A  groom,  or  man-servant.     WiUt. 

(3)  A  cheat.    See  Mono,  p  54, 
FOGGY.  (1)  Stupid  j  very  dull     Vox.  fail 

(2)  Fat  ;  bloated  ;  having  lianging  flesh.  w  Soune 
three  cMnd  foffpie  dame,"  I>olaniy'$  Prime- 
rose,  4to.  Load.  1606. 


FOL 


357 


FOL 


Whereas  I  was  wonte  to  be  blobbe-cheked  or 
nave  foggy  chekes  that  shaked  as  I  went,  they  be 
nowe  shronke  up,  or  drawen  together. 

Palsgrave's  Acolattus,  1540. 

(3)  Coarse,  rank,  as  grass.     North. 

FOGH.     Fallow  ground.     Chesh. 

FOGHELE.     A  fowl,  or  bird.     It  occurs  in  MS. 

Cott.  Vespas.  D.  vii.  Ps,  8. 
FOGO.    A  stench.    Far.  dial 
FOGORNER.      One  who  expels  people   from 

their  dwellings.    Nominale  MS. 
FOIL.  (1)  To  soil ;  to  dirty ;  to  sully.     Foylide, 

defiled,  Gesta  Rom.  p.  120.    Also,  to  trample. 

To  run  the  foil,  a  phrase  in  hunting,  used 

when  game  runs  over  the  same  track  a  second 

time  in  order  to'  puzzle  or  elude  the  hounds. 

The  foil  is  the  track  of  the  deer.     Gent.  Rec. 

ii.  76.   See  Diet.  Rust,  in  v. 

(2)  A  blunt  sword  used  in  fencing.  To  put  to  the 
"  foil,  sometimes  use<l  for,  to  put  to  the  sword. 

'Holinshed,  Chron,  Ireland,  p.  170. 

(3)  The  back  of  a  looking-glass.    This,  term  is 
used  by  Bourne  in  MS.  Lansd.  121. 

FOILES.    Leaves.     (A.-N.) 

FOIN.  (1)  To  push,  in  fencing.    (Fr.) 

(2)  Foes.    Troll,  and  Creseide,  i.  1002. 

FOING-OUT.    A  brawl.     Cumb. 

FOINS.    Fur  made  of  polecats'  skins.    Foyns, 

Piers  Ploughman,  p.  46S. 
FOISON.  (1)  Plenty  ;  abundance.     (A.-N.) 
(2)  The  natural  juice  or  moisture  of  the  grass  or 

other  herbs  j  the  heart  and  strength  of  it. 

Suffolk.    Kennett,  MS.  Lansd.  1033. 
FOIST,  (1)  A  toad-stool.    Suffolk. 

(2)  To  smell  musty,     Var.  dml. 

(3)  A  barge  or  pinnace,  often  used  for  merchant 
disc.  "  Foyst,  a  bote  lyke  a  gallye,"  Palsgrave. 
It  must  have  been  a  vessel  drawing  little  water, 
for  Grafton  mentions  a  person  wading  in  the 
water  to  his  foist,  and  then  sailing  off.    Baret 
calls  it,  "  a  light  aad  swift  shippe." 

(4)  A  cut-purse.     "  He  that  picks  the  pocke*  is 
called  a  foist,1'  Dekker's  Belman  of  London, 
1608.     See  Woman  is  a  Weathercock,  iv.  2. 
Foists,  juggling  tricks,  fraud's,  Ben  Jonscra,  iii. 
264  ;  "  a  foist  or  jugling  trick,"  Howell's  Lex. 
Tet  1660. 

FOISTER.     A  pick-pocket.     "A  cozener,   a 

con-ycatcher,  zfoister"  Florio,  p.  54. 
FOISTING-HOUND.    A  kind  of  lapdog.    See 

Nares,  and  Ben  Jonson,  iii.  264. 
FOKY.    Bloated ;  unsound ;  soft  and  woolly ; 

nearly  rotten.    East. 
FOL.    Foolish.     Weber. 
FOLABILITE.    Folly.     Skelton. 
FOLD.    Folded.    Will,  and  Werw.  p.  32. 
FOLDE,  (1)  A  farm-yard,     Var,  dial 
(2)  The  world;  earth;  ground-    (J.-S.)     See 

Minot's  Poems,  p.  35 ;  Towneley  Myst.  p.  245 ; 

Le  Bone  Florence  of  Rome,  342  -,  Will,  and 

Werwolf,  p>  193. 
f3)  A  bundle  of  straw.     North. 
;4)  Infolde,  in  number.   "  With  robes  in  folde/' 

Sir  Perceval,  32. 

(5)  To  contract  j  to  fail. 


Yf  he  were  never  so  bolde  a  knyghte, 
Of  that  worme  when  he  had  a  syghte, 
Hys  herte  began  to  folde. 

MS.  Cantab.  Ff.  ij.  38,  f  67 
The  kyng  harde  how  Befyce  tolde, 
For  hym  hjs  herte  can  folde.      MS.  Ibid.  f.  08. 

(6)  To  embrace. 

For  his  bonde  we  may  not  breke, 
His  owne  worde  and  we  wil  holde, 

Til  deth  cum  that  alle  shalle  wreke, 
And  us  alle  in  clay  to  folde. 

MS.  Cantab.  Ff.  v,  4S,  f.  6& 

(7)  To  grant  ?  to  accord ;  to  plight. 
FOLDEROL.    Nonsense.     Var.  dial. 
FOLD-GARTH.    A  farm-yard.     North* 
FOLDING-GATES.     Gates  which  open  in  the 

centre.     Nominale  MS. 
FOLDING-STOOL,    A  portable  seat  made  to 

fold  up  like  a  camp-stool. 
FOLD-PRITCH.  A  heavy  pointed  iron  to  pierce 

ground  for  hurdles.    East. 
FOLE.     Foul ;  dirty. 

That  alle  the  filthe  of  the  freke  and  fele  of  the  guttes 

Foloes  his  fole  fotte  whene  he  furthe  rydes. 

Mot  te  Arthure,  MS.  Lincoln,  f.  82. 

FOLED.    Foolish.    Nominale  MS. 
Wondir  thought  me  nevjr  more 
Thanne  me  dydof  afol&d  knight. 

MS.  Karl,  2252,  f.  92. 

FOLEHABDINESS.    Rashness.     (^.-JV.) 

FOLE-LARGE.     Foolishly  liberal.  Chaucer. 

FOLELY.     Foolishly;  stupidly.     (^.-Ar.) 
Unwyseis  the  fadu,  Salomon  seid  also, 
That  for  hymself  cannot  restreyne  his  hand, 
But  by  hys  lyf  depart  fnUly  his  laud. 

MS  Laud.  416,  f  47. 

They  will  be  owttrayode  anone,  areundronerynge*, 
Thusfohly  oue  a  felde  to  fyghte  with  us  alle, 

Mwte  Arthwe,  MS.  Lanttfn,  f.  fl3. 

FOLESFOTH.  Ground  ivy.  It  is  left  unex- 
plained in  Arch.  xxx.  407. 

FOLETT.    A  foolish  fellow.    Pr.  Part. 

FOLHT.    Baptism.    (^.-£) 

FOLIO.  In  folio,  in  abundance ;  in  fultfolio^ 
in  full  dress. 

FOLK.  (1)  Family.     Var.  dial. 

(2)  Men  collectively  j  people.  (A.-S.)  IM  Maiin- 
devile,  p.  H7,  it  corresponds  to  Gentiles. 

FOLK-MOTE.  An  assembly.  See  Holinshed, 
Chron.  Ireland,  p.  9i3. 

FOLLAUT.    Foolishness.    (A.-N.) 

FOLLER.  A  flat  circular  piece  of  wood  used  m 
pressing  a  cheese  when  the  curd  is  not  suffi- 
cient to  fill  the  vat.  North. 

FOLLOW.  To  court;  to  pay  addresses,  /o 
follow  one's  nose,  to  go  straight  forward. 

FOLLOWER.    One  who  courts.     Var.  dial 

FOLLOWERS.     Lean  store  cattle-  or 
which  follow  the  fatting  bollocks.    Worf, 

FOLLOWING-TIME.     A  wet  season, 

,     showers  follow  successively.    East. 

FOLLOW-MY-LEAJDEB.    A  child's  gam*. 

FOLLY.  Any  ridicoiotis  building,  not  answer- 
ing its  inteaded-  jpnpose.  Var.  dial. 

FOLOWED.    Same  as  Fofap,  q.  v. 

FOLOYDBYN.    Followed.    Tttndate,  p.  36. 

FOLTE.    A  fooL    Prompt.  Parv. 

FOLTFD,    Foolish,;  silly.    S^e  Pr.Parv  p.  1C&, 


TON 


363 


FOO 


Fendes  crepte  tho  ymages  withlnne, 
And  ladfolted  men  to  syrme. 

Cursor  Mundi,  MS.  Co.7  Tnn    Cantab,  f.  15, 

Shrewesmysdede  hym  ful  ofte, 

And  helde  hymfolted  or  wode. 


FOLTISH.     Foolish.      See  Ashmole's  Theat. 
Chem.  Brit.  1652,  p.  401  ;  Lydgate's  Minor 
Poems,  pp.  81,  166. 
FOLTRYE.    Foolishness.    Pr.  Parv. 
FOLUD.    Followed.     (A<-S.) 

Into  a  halle  sothly  she  went, 
Thomas  folud  at  hir  hande. 

MS.  Cantab.  Ff,  v^  48,  f.  66 

FOLUT.    Baptised.    "  Folut  in  a  fontestone," 

Anturs  of  Arther,  p.  9. 
FOLWERE.    A  follower.  *(^.-S.) 
FOLY.    Foolish.    Perceval,  1572. 
FOLYLYCHE.    Foolishly. 

A  clerk  that  folylyvhe  dyspendyth 
The  godys  thathys  fadyr  hym  jeveth  or  sendyth. 
MS.  Hai  I  1701,  f.  8. 
FOLYMARE.    A  young  foal.    This  term  occurs 

in  MS.  Coll.  Jes.  Oxon.  28. 
FOL3E.     To  follow  j  to  succeed,     (^.-A) 
FOMABD.    A  polecat.     North. 
FOMAUNDE.    Foaming. 

Filtyrde  unfrely  wyth  fomaunde  lyppez. 

Marts  4ithiuetMS  Lincoln*  f.  61. 

FOMBLITUDE.     A  weak  comparison. 
FOMB.     Smoke;  foam;  scum.    East. 
FOMEREL.    See  Femerel,  and  Pr,  Parv.  p.  1  69. 
FO-MON.    An  enemy.     (A-S.) 
FON.  (1)  Found.  North.  Towneley  Myst.  p.  40. 

(2)  Foes,    Rob.  Glouc.  Chron.  p.  1. 

(3)  To  be  foolish,  or  fond;  to  make  foolish, 
Also,  a  foolish  person.    Fon,  foolish,  Gesta 
Romanorum,  p.  196. 

PONCE.     Cunning;  knowing.    Line. 

FOND.  (1)  Stupid;  foolish;  simple;  half  silly; 

fearful;   timid;   weak;   idle;   unprofitable. 

North.    A  very  common  archaism. 

(2)  Luscious  ;  fulsome  ;  disagreeably  sweet  in 
taste  or  smell.    East* 

TONDE.  (1)  To  try;  to  meet  with  ;  to  receive  ; 
to  tempt;  to  inquire.  (^.-S.)  See  Kyng 
Horn,  157  ;  Chaucer,  Cant.  T.  4767. 

(2^  Found  ;  discovered.    (^,-£) 

(3)  To  doat  upon  ;  to  fondle. 
TONBENE.    Found.    Perceval,  519,  1902. 
IONDLING.    An  idiot  ;  one  of  a  servile  syco- 

phantic nature.    North. 
IONDLY.     Foolishly.     North.    See   A  Mad 

World,  my  Masters,  p.  343. 
FONDNESS.     Foolishness  ;  folly. 
FOND-PLOUGH.  The  fool-plough,  q.  v.  North. 
FONDRED.     Forced.    Hearae's  Langtoft,  p. 

574.    Perhaps  an  error  for  sondred. 
FONDYNG.    A  trial.     (y.-£) 

And  of  cure  gyltys  grauntus  repentaunce, 
And  strenckyth  us  to  stcnde  in  alle  f^ndyng. 

MS.  Cantab.  Ff.ii.  33,  f.  13 
V  seyde  hyt  for  no  velanye, 
But  for  nfondynge.  MS,  Jfifc?.  f  72. 

FONE.  (1)  Few.    Minot's  Poems,  p.  7. 
(2)  A  fool.    Chester  Plays,  L  190, 


(3)  Foes*  tt  is  used  as  the  singular  in  Thynne'a 
DebatCf  reprint,  p.  25. 

3e,  than  seyd  the  rewle-stone, 
Mayster  hath  many  fone. 

MS.  4*hmcl&  61. 

FONEL.    A  funnel.    Pr.  Parv. 

For  here  us  wanteth  no  vessel, 
Bolle,  ny  boket,  ny  no  fwnel. 
Cursor  MunSi,  MS.  Coll.  Tnn.  Cantab,  f.  21. 

FONGE.  To  take ;  to  take  hold  of.  (A.-S.) 
fonyer,  MS-  Cott.  Vespas.  D.  vii. 

Hefongede  faste  on  the  feleyghes,  and  fayled  his  armes. 
mite  dithure,  MS,  Lincoln,  f.  US. 

FQMC.     Vapour;  smoke.     Hearne. 

FONNE.    To  be  foolish.    (^.-S.) 

Therefore  it  os  gude  that  .thou  lefe  thi  fanned 
'purposse,  and  wendehameagayne  and  sett  the  in  thi 
modcr  knee.  MS  Lincoln  A.  i.  17, f.  7. 

FONNELL,  A  dish  in  ancient  cookery,  made 
of  lamb  and  sweets. 

FONNES.    Devises.    Sfanner, 

FONNISH.    Foolish.    Palsgrave. 

FONRY S,     A  furnace  ?    Arch.  xi.  438. 

FONT-STONE.     A  font.     (^.-£) 

FOOAZ.  To  level  the  surface  of  a  fleece  of 
wool  "with  shears.  North. 

FOOCH.    To  put  in ;  to  shove.    Devon. 

FOODY.    Fertile ;  full  of  grass.     Nurth. 

FOO^GOAD.    A  plaything.     Lane. 

FOOL,  To  fool  up,  to  practise  any  folly  to  a 
ridiculous  excess. 

FOOL-BEGGED.    Absurd.     Shah 

FOOLEN,  A  narrow  strip  of  land  between  the 
embankment  of  a  river  and  the  ditch  on  the 
land  side.  Su/olk. 

FOOL-HAPPY.    Fortunate.    $mt*er. 

FOOL-PLOUGH.  A  pageant  which  consists  in 
a  number  of  sword-dancers  dragging  a  plough, 
attended  with  music,  and  persons  grotesquely 
dressed.  Still  in  vogue  in  the  North  of  Eng- 
land. See  Brand  and  Brockets 

FOOLS'-PAKADISE.  To  bring  one  into  a 
fools'  paradise,  i.  e.  to  make  a  fool  of  him,  to 
make  him  believe  anything.  See  Cotgrave,  in 
v.  Embabwint;  Florio,  p.  215  ;  Hardyng, 
SuppL  f.  96 ;  Holinshed,  Chron.  Ireland,  p. 
97 ;  Hall,  Richard  III.  f.  24. 

Of  trust  of  this  arte  riseth  joyei  nice. 
For  lewde  hope  Is  fools*  Parodies, 

Athmolfs  Thtutt.  Cham.  £Ht.  J&8,  p.  28- 
All  put  to  use,  and  yet  none  ui'd  at  all ; 
A  fine/ooit  pajodiie  I  may  ItoalL 
Divine  Glimpses  of&  Maiden  Mute,  I#0,  p.  18. 
FOOK.  (1)  A  furrow.    North. 
f  2)  A  ford  over  a  river.     Yorfoh. 
(3)  A  strong  scent  or  odour.    Line. 
FOORZES.    Same  as  Bever  (I).    East. 
FOOSEN.    Generosity.    North. 
FOOT.    The  burden  of  a  song.    "  Fote,  or  re- 
pete  of  a  dittye  or  ver&et  -wMche  is  oftea  re- 
peted,"  Huloet,  1552.    Also,  to  dance.    Still 
in  use. 
FOOT-ALE,    A  fine  of  beer  paid  by  awoifcmaii 

on  entering  a  new  place. 
FOOT-BOAT.    A  boat  used  solely  for  coB^eyiȤ 

foot  passengers.    West, 
FOOT-BROAD.   The  breadth  of  a  foot* 


FOR 


369 


FOR 


FOOT-CLOTHS.  Housings  of  cloth  hung  on 
horses,  generally  considered  a  mark  of  dignity 
or  state.  Foot-cloth-horse,  a  horse  so  orna- 
mented. 

FOOTER,  (1)  To  idle.  Also,  a  lazy,  idle,  worth- 
less fellow.  South. 

(2)  A  kick  at  a  foot-ball.     Var.  dial. 

FOOTE-S  A.UNTE.  A  game  at  cards,  mentioned 
in  the  Schoole  of  Abuse,  1579. 

FOOT-HEDGE.  Same  as  Beard-hedge,  q.  v. 
Oscon. 

FOOTING.     Same  as  Foot-ale,  q.  v. 

FOOTINGS.  The  first  courses  in  the  foundation 
of  a  building.  Var.  dial. 

FOOTING-TIME.  The  time  when  a  lying-in 
woman  gets  up.  Norf. 

FOOT-MAIDEN.  A  waiting  maid.  It  is  the 
gloss  ofpedissequa  in  MS.  Eger.  829,  f.  9L 

FOOTMAN.    A  foot-soldier.    Hall. 

FOOT-MANTLE.  An  outer  garment  of  the  pet- 
ticoat kind  tied  about  the  hips.  Strutt,  ii. 
170. 267.  It  is  mentioned  by  Chaucer. 

FOOTMEN.    Thin  shoes ;  dancing  pumps. 

FOOT-PACE.  The  raised  floor  at  the  upper  end 
of  a  dining-hall.  The  term  was  also  applied 
to  a  landing-place  on  a  staircase,  and  a  hearth- 
stone. 

FOOT-PLOUGH. 

Qu.  When  did  wheel-ploughes  come  into  use  ?  I 
think  but  about  1630.  They  serve  best  in  stony 
land.  Fout-plouirfies  are  somewhat  later. 

Aubieu's  Wilts,  Royal  Soc.  MS.  p.  291. 

FOOT-RILLS.  Coalworks  open  to  the  air,  with- 
out shafts.  Staff. 

FOOT-SHEETS.  Sheets  used  at  the  bottom  of 
abed.  Wardrobe  Ace.  Edw.  IV. 

FOOTSOM.    Neat's  foot  oil.    Salop. 

FOOT-SPORE.    A  foot-mark.    Caxton. 

FOOT-STALL.  The  foot  or  base  of  a  pillar. 
Nomenclator,  1585,  p.  203. 

FOOT-TRENCHES.  Superficial  drains  about  a 
foot  in  width.  North. 

FOOTY.    Trifling ;  mean.     Var.  dial 

FOOWNE.    A  fawn.    Prompt.  Parv. 

FOOZ.    The  herb  sempervivum  teucrium. 

FOP.  A  fool.  "  Spek,  thou  fop,"  COT,  Myst. 
p.  295.  It  occurs  in  Pr.  Parv.  Fopped,  acted 
foolishly,  Skelton,  i.  213. 

FOPDOODLE.  A  silly  fellow.  «  Bee  blith,  fop- 
doudelk,"  MS.  Ashmole,  Cat.  col.  48. 

FOPPET.  A  spoilt  effeminate  person.  History 
of  King  Leir,  p.  402. 

FOPSTER.    A  cutpurse.    DeKJcer. 

FOR.  Since ;  because ;  for  that ;  for  fear  of. 
Common  in  our  early  dramatists.  Very  old 
writers  use  it  in  the  sense  of  against,  and  it  is 
often  joined  to  the  infinitive  mood,  as  in  the 
Anglo-Norman.  "  3if  that  hit  be/or  to  done," 
MS.  Cantab.  Ff.  v.  48,  f.  48.  In  composition 
in  verbs  derived  from  the  Anglo-Saxon,  it 
conveys  the  idea  of  privation  or  deterioration, 
and  answers  to  the  modern  German  ver.  See 
Wright's  Piers  Ploughman,  p.  594.  Various 
examples  are  given  w  the  following  pages.  It 
also  occurs  in  the  sense  of,  from,  of,  by,  on 


account  of,  in  order  to,  for  the  purpose -,  in  con- 
sequence of,  instead  of,  notwithstanding;  and 
sometimes  an  expletive,  in  such  phrases  as, 
what  is  he  for  a  vicar,  i.  e.  what  vicar  is  hft ; 
what  is  he  for  a  lad,  what  manner  of  lad  is  he; 
so  forward  for  a  "knave,  so  forward  a  knave, 
&c.  See  Palsgrave. 

FORACRE.  The  headland  of  an  arable  field. 
Kent. 

FORAGE.    Fodder;  food.     Chaucer. 

FOR-ALL.    In  spire  of.     Var.  dial. 

FOR- AND.  Not  an  unusual  phrase,  answering 
to  and  eJce,  See  Middleton,  iii.  544 ;  Dyce's 
Remarks,  p.  218. 

FORANENT.    Opposite  to.    North. 

FORAT.    Forward ;  early.    Salop. 

FOR-BARND.    Burnt  up.    Kyng  Alis.  7559. 

FOR-BARRE.    To  prevent;  to  interpose;  to 
hinder;  to  deprive.    See  Langtoft,  p.  214. 
Forlere,  Perceval,  1929. 
And  thou  art  accursid  also  in  that  tbyng, 
For  thou /<./»•&<«•?  j/#tf  bytwene  hem, the welefare. 

MS.  Laud.  416,  f.  54. 

FORBEAR.    To  suffer  anything  to  be  done ;  to 

give  way  to  one.     See  Morte  d' Arthur,  ii.  129. 

FOR-BECAUSE.    Because.    North.    An  early 

instance  is  found  in  Reliq.  Antiq.  i.  152. 
FOR-BERE.    To  abstain ;  to  spare.    (A.-S.) 
FOR-BETE.  (1)  The  herb  devil's-bit. 
(2)  To  beat  down  'to  pieces,  or  to  death. 
FORBISNE.   An  example ;  a  parable.    (//.-£) 
FOR-BITEN.    To  bite  to  pieces.     (A.-S.) 
FOR-BLEDD.    Covered  with  blood.    (A.-S.} 
Aryse  up,  unluste,  out  of  thy  bedd, 
And  beholde'my  feet  that  are  fur-bledd. 

MS.  Cantab.  Ff.  ii.  38,  f.  C. 
Stondyth  and  herkenyth  thys  ehauur  redd, 
Why  y  am  wouudedd  and  all  for-bledd. 

MS.  Ibid.  f.  41. 

FOR-BLOWE.    Blown  about.    Gower. 
FOR-BLOWYNGE.  Swollen ;  blown  up.  (A.-S.) 
MS.  Soc.  Antiq.  134,  reads  for-bkwe  bkwynge. 
Where  is  youre  bost,  or  daren  you  appcre 
With,  youre  foi  -blowytige  vanite. 

Lydgate>  MS.  AfthmoU  39,  f.  28. 
FOR-BODE.    A  denial,  or  prohibition. 
But  to  holde  hit  wel  unbroken 
A  for-bode  bitvene  hem  spoken. 
Cursor  MmuK,  MS.  Coll.  Tn.n.  Cantab,  f.  4. 

FOR-BODEN.    Forbjdden.     (A.-S.) 
FORBORER.    A  furbisher.    Hall. 
FORBOTT.    A  forbidding.    (A.-S.) 

ix.  tymes  Goddis  forbott,  thouwikkyde  worme, 

Thet  ever  thou  make  any  rystynge. 

MS.  Lincoln  A.  1.  17,  f.  176. 

FOR-BOUGHT,     Ransomed;  redeemed.    See 

Ellis,  ii.  343  ;  Chester  Plays,  ii.  79,  104, 
FORBOWS.    The  breast  of  an  animal.    Crwen, 
FOR-BREKE.  To  break  in  pieces.  For-breking, 

destruction,  MS.  Cott.  Vespas.  D.  viif 
FOR-BRENT.    Burnt  up.    KyngAUs.  1276. 
FOIWBRISSUTE,    Broken ;  bruised,    (A.-8.) 
FOR-BROIDE,    Unmete;  immeasurable  j  very 

great ;  overgrown,    ffearne, 
FOE-BROKEN.    Broken  iu  pieces.    See  MS, 

Cott.  Vespas.  D.  vii.  Ps.  U. 
FOR-BURTHE.  (1)  Birt^righk 

24 


FOR 


370 


FOR 


Foi'-tMrthe,  he  seide,  what  serveth  me  ? 
Brother,  at  thi  wille  shal  hit  be. 

Cursor  Mundi,  MS.  Coll.  Tito.  Cantab,  f.  23. 
(2)  The  first-born  of  a  family. 

Alle  the  for-b-urthes  shal  I  slo, 
Bothe  of  mon  and  freest  also.        MS.  Ibid  f-38. 
FORBY.    Past;  near.    (A.-S.}    It  is  explained, 
besides,  in  addition  to,  West,  and  Curab.  Dial. 
lR39,p.  351,  gloss. 

And  one  a  day,  as  Alexander  passed  foi  by  the 
place  thare  als  the  foie-saide  stode,  he  luked  inbe- 
twene  the  oarresof  yrue,  aud  saw  bifore  the  hoise 
men",  hend  and  fete. 

Life  of  Alexander,  &$.  Lincoln,  f.  1. 
Whare  he  heide  any  crye, 
He  passede  never  ftnby. 

MS.  Lincoln  \.i.l7,  f.  130. 
FORBYER.    The  Redeemer.    (A.-S.) 
FORBYSCHYNB.    To  furbish.    Pr.  Parv. 
FORBYSENE.    Example;  token.    (A.-S.} 
3itt  thi  rysyng/o3-&,j/$efl£  tille  us  cs, 
For  alle  that  rase  fra  dede  til  blyse  endlesse. 

MS.  Lincoln  A.  i,  17,  f.  191. 
FOB-CAKF.    Cut  in  pieces.    "Weber,  ii.  76. 
FORCE.  (1)  To  regard,  or  esteem ;  to  care  for; 
to  urge  iu  argument ;  to  exaggerate ;  to  stuff; 
to  be  obliged,  or  compelled ;  to  endeavour  to 
the  utmost  of  one's  power.    A  common  archa- 
ism in  these  various  senses. 
(2)  A  cascade,  or  waterfall.    North. 
f  3)  Strong.    Richard  Coer  de  Lion,  1383, 

(4)  To  clip  off  the  upper  and  more  hairy  part  of 
wool,  an  abuse  forbidden  by  stat.  8  H.  vi.  c.  22. 
See  Kennett,  MS.  Lansd.  1033.    It  occurs  in 
Pr.  Parv.  p.  170,  in  the  more  general  senses, 
to  clip,  shear,  or  shave. 

(5)  No  force,  no  matter.    I  do  no  force,  I  care 
not.     They  yeve  no  force,  they  care  not.     Of 
force,  necessarily.   "  Then  of  force,  sfree  must 

be  worth  the  fetching,"  Hey  wood's  Iron  Age, 
1632,  sig.  B.  i. 

(6 )  To  fatten  animals.    East. 
FORCELETTE.    A  fort.    Maundevile,  p.  47. 
FORCEMED.     Condemned.    (A.-S.} 
FORCER.  A  chest ;  a  coffer,  or  cabinet.  (A.-N,} 

See  Sevyn  Sages,  2035  ;  Wright's  Seven  Sages, 
p.  100;  Piers  Ploughman,  p.  186;  Wright's 
Anec.  Lit  p.  113;  Elyot,  in  v.  Scrini&lum. 
"  Casket  orfosar"  Palsgrave. 

And  in  hur  forcer  gchecan  hym  keste, 
That  same  God  that  Judas  soldo. 

MS.  Cantab,  Ff,  it.  38,  f.  46, 

I  have  a  girdil  in  my  fttrcsro,    MS.  Douce  175,  p.  57. 
Be  thys  alhalow  tyde  nyghed  nere, 
The  lady  to  hur/orcer  dud  gone. 

MS.  Cantab.  Ff.ii.38,  f  46. 

FORCHES.   The  place  where  two  ways  or  roads 
branch  off  from  one.     Devon.    This  term  was 
applied  by  Berners  to  the  haunches  of  a  deer* 
FOR-CIIOSEN.    Chosen  previously.     (4.-£) 
FOR-CLEF.     Cleaved  in  pieces.     (A.-S.) 
FOR-CLOSED.     Closed;  shut  up.     «  Stopped 

sad  foreclosed,"  Hall,  Henry  VII.  f.  43. 
FOB-COME,     To  prevent.    It  occurs  in  MS. 

Cott.  Vcspaa.  D,  VII.  Ps,  Antiq. 
FOR-CORFEN.     Cut  in  pieces.     (A.-S.) 
FOR-  CRASED.     Crazy  j  mad.     Weber. 


FOR-CUTTE.    To  cut  through.     (A.-S.) 
FORD.    To  afford  ;  to  sell  anything. 
FOR-DARKE.  To  darken,  or  make  dark.  (A.-S.) 
FORDBOH.     The  herb  dodder.     The  Latin  is 

epitlme  in  MS.  Harl.  978. 
FOR-DEDE.     Destroyed.     (A.-S.) 
FOR-DEDES.    Previous  or  former  deeds. 
FORDELE.     An  advantage.     See  Hall,  Henry 

VIII.  f.  163  ;  Morte  d' Arthur,  i.  145. 
FORDER.     To  promote,  advance,  or  further. 

North.    It  occurs  in  Palsgrave. 
FOR-DEWE.     To  wet  or  sprinkle  with  dew. 
F0R-DIT.    Shut  up.    W.Mapes,  p.345. 
FOR-DO.    To  do  away;  to  ruin ;  to  destroy v 

Fordone,  undone,  destroyed. 
FOR-DREDD.    Greatly  terrified.     (A.-S.) 
The  hethyn  men  were  so/w-dmfcZ, 
To  Clercmount  with  the  mayde  they  fledd. 

MS.  Cantab.  Ff.  ii.  38,  f.  89. 

FOR-DREINT.    Drowned.    Lydgate, 
FOR-DRIVE.     To  drive  away ;  to  drift.    It  is 
the  part.  pa.  in  this  example. 

And  whaime  the  Giekcs  had  longe  y-be 
Fordryvd  and  castej  sdllynge  in  the  see. 

MS.  Sigby  230 

FOR-DRONING.  Distui-bance  j  trouble.  It 
occurs  in  MS.  Cott.  Vespas,  D.  Tii. 

FOR-DRONKEN.  (1)  Drowned.     Rowlands. 

(2)  Very  drunken.     Chaucer. 

FOR-DRY.    Very  dry.     Chaucer. 

FOR-DULD.  Stupified.  Noah.  Lydgaiehaa 
for-dulle,  very  dull,  Minor  Poems,  p.  1J)1. 

FOR-DWINED.  Wasted  away,  (A.-S.)  « Al 
for-dwynnen,"  Reliq.  Antiq.  ii.  211. 

FORDING.    Destruction.     (A.-S.) 

Waliith  and  pray  heven  kyng, 
That  je  ne  falle  in  vo/briiynff. 

MS.  CuMuh.  Ff.  v.  43,  f,  3& 
FORE.  (1)  Went.    Perceval,  1425. 
(2)  Fared.     See  Syr  Gav>ayne. 

Y  shal  jou  tclle  how  hyt  for* 
Of  a  man  that  hym  forswore. 

MS.  Hart.  1 701,  f.  18. 
Folylychc  certeyn  Eroud  swore, 
And  yn  dede  weyl  worse  he  fare.     SfS,  Ibid,  f  1& 
(3")  Faring,  or  going.     Weber. 

(4)  A  ford  through  a  river.    North. 

(5)  Before.    Still  in  use.    JHavixg  to  the  fore, 
having  anything  forthcoming. 

(6)  A  furrow.     Prompt  Parv. 

FOREBIT.  The  herb  devil's-bit.  Cotgrace. 
Gerard  has  forelitten  more. 

FOREDALE.  The  pudding  of  a  cow  towards 
the  throat.  Salop. 

FORE-DAYS.  Towards  noon,  Oxon.  Towards 
evening.  Norfhumo.  The  last  is  more  con- 
sistent with  its  obvious  A.-S.  derivation. 

FORE-ELDEKS.  Ancestors.  North.  It  oc- 
curs  in  Holinshed,  Hi&t,  England,  i.  5. 

FORE-END.  The  early  or  fore  part  of  any- 
thing.  Still  in  common  use. 

FORE-FAMILY.  The  ancestors  of  a  family. 
East. 

FOREFEND.  To  forbid,  or  prevent.  SMk. 
It  occurs  also  in  Skeltoo,  i.  261. 

FOREFEN&  The  first  seizure  or  taking  erf  a 
thing.  West. 


FOB 


371 


FOR 


FORE-FLANK.  A  projection  of  fat  upon  the 
ribs  of  a  sheep.  North. 

FORE-FLAP.     Bands.     Weter. 

FORE -FRONT.     The  forehead.    Palsgrave. 

FOREGANGER.    One  who  goes  before. 
Wharfore  I  hald  theese  grete  mysdoers, 
Als  antecry&te  lymmes  and  hys  fvregangers. 

Hampole,  MS.  Bowes,  p.  127. 

FORE  HAMMER.  The  large  hammer  which 
strikes  first,  or  before  the  smaller  ones. 

FOREHAND-SHAFT.  An  arrow  specially 
formed  for  shooting  straight  forward.  Shaft. 

FOREHEAD.     Same  as  Earth-ridge,  q.  v. 

FOREHEAD-CLOTH.  A  bandage  formerly 
used  by  ladies  to  prevent  wrinkles. 

FOREHEET.  (1)  Forethought.     North. 

(2)  To  forbid.  Kennett.  It  is  explained  pre- 
determine in  Yorkshire  Dial.  1697,  p.  83,  and 
Hallamsh.  Gloss,  p.  111. 

FORE  KENT.     Seized  before-hand.     Spenser. 

FOREHEVEDE.  The  forehead.  Perceval,  495. 

Fro  the  forehevede  unto  the  too, 
A  better  schapene  myghte  none  goo. 

JK&  Lincoln  A.  i.  17,  f.  117. 

FORE-HORSE.    The  foremost  horse  ia  a  team. 

South. 
FOREIGNER.     A  stranger;  one  of  another 

neighbourhood,  or  county.    East. 
FOREINE.  (1)  A  jakes,  or,  sometimes,  cess-pool. 
Legende  of  Ariadne,  77.     Tyrwhitt   doubts 
this  explanation,  but  it  is  confirmed  by  a  pas- 
sage in  Rob.  Glouc.  p.  310,  and  a  gloss,  in  MS. 
Harl.  1701,  f.  43.     It  seems  to  mean  a  drain 
in  a  document  quoted  in  Pr.  Parv.  p.  58. 
(2)  A  stranger ;  a  foreigner. 

As  a.  f&reyne,  thorow  his  cruelle  my5te, 
By  tyranny e  and  no  titille  of  ry^te. 

Lydgate,  MS.  Soc.  Jntiq,  134,  f.  19. 

FORELL.    A  bag,  sack,  or  purse.     (Lot.) 

FORELONG,     Same  as  Foolen,  q.  v. 

FORELOW.     Slanting;  very  low.    East. 

FORE-LYTENEDE.    Decreased ;  lightened. 
We  hafe  as  losels  Hffyde  many  longedaye, 
Wyth  delyttes  in  this  land  with  lordchipez  many, 
And  fore-lytenede  the  loos  that  we  are  layttede. 

Morte  Arthurs,  MS.  Lincoln,  f,  56. 

FOREMAN.    An  ancestor.    R.  de  Brume. 

FOREMEN.    Geese.    An  old  cant  term. 

FOREMEST.    Earliest.    Maundevile,  p.  303. 

FORE-MILK.  The  first  milk  drawn  from  a  cow 
after  calving,  North. 

FORENENST.  Opposite  to  ;  over  against ;  to- 
wards. North. 

FORENESS.    A  promontory.     Skinner. 

FORE -PAST.    Past  by.    Palsgrave. 

FOREPRIZE.  To  warm ;  to  except ;  to  exclude. 
An  old  law  term. 

FORE-READ.    A  preface.    Rowlands. 

FORE-RIGHT.  (1)  Straight-forward;  blunt  and 
bold ;  violent ;  obstinate ;  headstrong ;  abrupt ; 
simple ;  foolish.  South. 

(2)  The  coarsest  sort  of  wheaten  bread.  Pol- 
whele's  Prov.  Gloss. 

FORE  SAY.    To  foretell,  or  decree.    Shak. 

FORE-SET.  Previously  ordaaaaed.  See  the 
Misfortunes  of  Arthur,  p.  37. 


FORESHAPEN.  Ill-shaped;  unnaturally  orde-. 
fectively  formed  ;  transformed.  For-shapte, 
unmade,  Piers  Ploughman,  p.  365  ;  forshapyn, 
Towneley  Myst.  p.  115. 

FORESHIP.  The  forecastle  of  a  ship.  Richard 
Goer  de  Lion,  2618. 

FORESHOUTS.  The  double  ropes  which  fasten 
the  main-sail  of  a  ship.  Palsgr&ve. 

FORE  SIGN.    Divination.    Florio. 

FORE  SLACK.  To  relax,  or  render  slack;  to 
neglect ;  to  delay,  Spenser. 

FORESLOW.  To  delay ;  to  loiter ;  to  slacken. 
"  His  journeys  to  fore-slow"  Drayton,  p.  35. 
"  Forslow  no  time,"  Marlowe,  ii.  50. 

FORE  SPEAK.  To  bewitch.  See  Florio,  p.  24 ; 
Hallamshire  Gloss,  p.  Ill ;  Towneley  Myst. 
p.  115.  "  To  Iringe  the  witch  to  one  that  is 
bewitched  or  forspoJcen;  put  five  Spanish 
needles  into  an  egge  through  the  shell,  and 
seeth  it  in  the  uryne  of  one  that  is  bewitched, 
and  whyle  it  is  seethinge,  the  witch  will  come 
without  doubt,"  MS.  Bodl.  e  Mus.  243.  Au- 
brey says  that  in  Herefordshire  they  used 
to  make  part  of  the  yoke  for  oxen  of  withy  to 
prevent  their  being  forespoken.  See  Ms  MS. 
Nat.  Hist.  Wilts,  p.  12.  Shakespeare  uses  it 
in  the  sense  to  forbid,  and  it  occurs  with  that 
meaning  in  the  Ghost  of  Richard  III.  p.  8. 
It  means  to  predict  in  Harrington's  Nuga& 
Antiq.  ii.  5. 

FORE-SPUR.    The  fore-leg  of  pork.     West. 

FORE  STEAD.    A  ford.     Craven. 

FORE  STER-OF-THE-FEE.  A  person  who  had 
for  some  service  to  the  crown  a  perpetual 
right  of  hunting  in  a  forest  on  paying  to  the 
crown  a  certain  rent  for  the  same,  The  in- 
scription on  the  tomb  of  Junkin  Wyrall,  at 
Newland,  co.  Glou.  of  the  15th  century,  de- 
scribes him  as  Forster  of  Fee.  See  Twici,  p. 
64.  Fosters  of  thefe}  Percy's  Reliques,  p.  45. 

FOREST-WHITES.  A  kind  of  cloths,  men- 
tioned in  early  statutes.  Strutt,  ii.  79. 

FORE-SUMMERS.  A  kind  of  platform  pro- 
jecting  over  the  shafts  of  a  cart.  East. 

FORET.    Forth.    Frere  and  the  Boy,  ix. 

FORETE.    The  forehead.    Nominate  MS. 

FORE-TOKEN.    A  warning. 

To  loke  yf  he  bita  wolde  amende, 
To  him  a  fore-token  he  sende. 

Cower,  MS.  Soc.  Antiq.  134,  f.  56. 

FORETOP.  The  forehead.  "  Frontispiciuni,  a 
fortope,"  Nominale  MS.  It  is  aguaHum  in 
Pr.  Parv.  p.  173,  which  Ducange  explains 
summapars  capitis.  "  His  fax  and  his  fore- 
toppe,"  MS.  Morte  Arthure,  f.  64.  See  Lyd- 
gate's  Minor  Poems,  p.  115  j  Octovian,  $fo  * 
Skelton,  ii.  261.  Ben  Joison,  ii  95,  uses  the 
term  for  an  erect  tuft  of  hair  on  the  head,  a 
sense  still  current  in  Suffolk,  Moor,  p.  133, 

FORE-TORE.    Tore  in  pieces. 
As  I  had  profised  before, 
,For  madneshe  hJnaseUe/or«.for«.  MS.Ashmole  802* 

FORE-WAKBEN.  Destroyed  \  undone,  North. 

FOBEWARE.    To  indemnify.    Somerset, 

FORE-WASTED.     Wasted  awayj  destroyed* 


FOR 


372 


FOR 


See 


FORE-WATCH.    To  watch  incessantly. 

Puttenham,  ap.Warton's  Hist.  iii.  59. 
FORE-WAY.     A  high  road.     North. 
FORE-WETING.    Foreknowledge.     (A.-S.) 
FOR-FAGHTE.    Having  fought  excessively. 

Syr  Befyse  was  so  wery  for-faghte, 
That  of  hys  lyfe  roghte  he  noghte. 

MS.  Cantab.  Ff.  iL  58,  f.  TOG 
FORFAITE.    To  misdo ;  to  offend.     (A  -N.) 
FOR-FARE.     To  go  to  ruin ;  to  perish ;  to  fare 
ill.     Sometimes  for  the  part.  pa. 
For  he  ys  caste  in  soche  a  care, 
But  yehym  helpe*  he  wylle  for-fstrp. 

MS.  Cantab.  Ff.  ii.  38,  f.  G3 
He  was  black  as  any  pyche, 
And  lothely  on  to  loke ; 
Alle  for-fca  en  wyth  the  fyre, 

Stynkand  alle  of  smoke.     JUS.  Ibid.  f.  53 
But  as  it  were  a  man  Jbr-Jhre, 
Unto  the  wode  y  gan  to  fare. 

Goivei',  MS.  Sot'.  Antiq.  134,  f. 
Fro  hir  fere  she  stale  hir  barn, 
And  leide  biren  there  that  was  for-fnrn. 

Cursor  Mimdi,  MS.  Coll.  T>in.  Cantab,  f.  54 
FORFEITS.     The  "forfeits  in  a  barber's  shop/ 
mentioned  by  Shakespeare,  still  exist  in  some 
villages.    They  are  penalties  for  handling  th< 
razors,  &c.,  and  were  certainly  more  necessary 
in  Shakespeare's  time,  when  the  barber  was 
also   a  surgeon.     When  the  article  Barte? 
was  written,  I  had  not  observed  the  remarks 
of  Forby  and  Moor  on  this  subject,  which  con- 
firm Warburton's  explanation. 
FOR-FERED.    Terrified.    Perceval,  911. 
FOR-FLYTTE.     Scorned ;  scolded.     Weber. 
FOR,FOGHTEN.    Tired  with  fighting.     See 
Morte  d' Arthur,  i.  76 ;  Gy  of  Warwike,  p. 
326.    See  For-faghte. 

Moradas  vrasfor-fogJityn  and  for-bledd, 
Therfore  he  was  nevyr  so  sore  ad  redd. 

Jlf£  Cantab,  Ff.  11.  38,  f.  79. 
FOR-FOR.    Wherefore.     Hearne. 
FOR-FRETEN.    To  eat  to  pieces.    (A.-S.) 

Me  tboghte  scho  cryede  whenue  scho  was  so  ar- 
rayede,  als  me  thoghte  that  alle  the  werlde  myghte 
hafe  herde  hir ;  and  the  Iittille  hounde  and  the  catt 
for-fiette  ia  sondir  hir  legges  and  hir  arraes. 

MS.  Lincoln.  A.  i.  17,  f.  253, 
FOR-FRORN.    Frozen.     Caxton. 
FOR-GABBEN.    To  mock.     (A.-N.) 
FORGAIT.    The  start.     North. 
FORGATHER.  To  meet ;  to  encounter.  North. 
FORGE.    To  invent.    Hence  forgetive,  inven- 
tive, used  by  Shakespeare,  2  Hen.  IV.  iv.  3. 
FORGETILSCHIP.    Forgetfulness.     Hearne. 
FOR-GIFTE.     Forgiveness.     (A.-S.) 
FOR-GIME.     To  transgress.     Rowlands. 
FORGIVE.     To  begin  to  thaw.    East. 
FOB-GLUTTEN.    To  devour,  or  swallow  up. 

(A.-S.)    Piers  Ploughman,  p.  178. 
FOR-OO.    To  spare;  to  omit;  to  lose.    See 

Ipomydon,  1428.    Also,  to  forsake. 
r,OR-GO;ER.     One  who  goes  before.     (A.-S.) 
''OR-GRAITHED.     Quite  prepared.      (A.-S,) 

See  MS.  Cott.  Vespas.  D.  vii.  Ps.  32. 
TOR.GRO"WEN.    Overgrown.     See  Arch.  xxi. 
39  i  St.  £randan,  p.  52  ;  teg.  Oath.  p.  160, 


FOR-GULTEN,     Recompensed.     (A.-S.}     See 

the  Harrowing  of  Hell,  p.  25,  ed.  1840. 
FOR-HEDID.    Beheaded.     Kyng  Alis.  1366. 
FOR-HELE.    To  conceal,     (sJ.-S.) 
Y  beseche  50  w,  on  ray  blcssyng, 
That  je  foi-hele  fro  me  no  thyng. 

MS.  Hat  I.  170],  f.13. 

FOR-HEWE.     To  despise.     O/.-S.) 

The  sexto  tliynge  aiul  tlie  laste  of  thnse  I  fiiste 

towchecle  es  the  sovcne  hcvede  or  dedly  synnos  that 

ilke  a  mane  or  womaue  awe  for  to  Unawe  to  flee  and 

for-hewc,  1HS.  Lincnm  A.  i.  17,  f.  217. 

FOR-HILER.     A  protector.     For-hiling,  pio- 

tection.     MS.  Cott.  Vespas.  B.  vii. 
FORHINDER.    To  prevent.    East. 
FOR-HOLE.     Concealed.     See  Sevyn  Sages, 
250,  251 ;  Gy  of  Warwike,  p.  217  ;  Wright's 
Anec.  Lit.  p.*8  ;  Arch.  xxx.  368. 

Hyt  may  no  Icnger  be  for-holne, 
Falsly  wurschyp  have  y  stolne. 
i  MS*Hml.  1701,  f.  21 

FOR-HORYD.    Very  hoary,  or  grey. 
And  seydeto  Harrowde,  as  herodej 
Thou  olde  and  foi  -horyd  man. 

MS.  Cantab.  Ff.  ii.  38,  f.  220. 

FOR-HUNGRED.     Quite  famished.    (A.-S.} 
FOR-JUGED.    Wrongfully  judged. 
FOR-JUSTE.    To  just  with  at  a  tournament. 
See  Morte  dJArthur,ii.  11,  35. 
Gyawutis /</?•-/« ?terte  withgentille  knyghtes, 
Thorowe  gesscrawntesof  jene  jaggede  to  the  hertp. 

Morte  Atthuie,  MS.  Lincoln,  f,  84. 
FORK.  The  lower  half  of  the  body.  The  haunch 

of  a  deer  was  called  &fork. 
FOR-KARF.    Cut  in  two.     "  Antifor-karf  bon 

and  lyre,"  Lybeaus  Disconus,  1325. 
FORK-BUST.  *Tho  dust  made  in  grinding  forks. 

Shield. 

FORKED.  (1)  A  term  applied  to  the  horns  of 
deer,  when  there  are  only  two  projections 
about  the  sur-royal,     T\vici,  p.  36. 
(2)  The  fourchure.    Devon. 
FORKED-CAP.    The  mitre.    Barclay. 
FORKELYD.    Wrinkled  with  age. 
FOR-KERVE.  To  carve,  or  cut  through.  (A.-S.) 
FORKIN-ROBIN.    An  earwig.    North. 
FORKS.  (1)  The  gallows.      "On  hie  on  the 

forckis,"  Depos,  Ric.  II.  p.  8. 
(2)  Parcels  of  wood.    Lane. 
FOR-LADEN.   Overladen,    Sec  Golding's  Ovid, 

ap.  Warton's  Hist.Engl.  Poet  iii.  332. 
FOR-LAFE.    Left  off  entirety.    Far-lffft,  dis- 
missed, Wright's  Pol.  Songs),  p.  340. 
FOR-LAINE.    Rechased.    Skinner. 
FOR-LANCYNG,     Cutting  off.     Gawayne. 
FOR-LATYNE.    To  leave  desolate.     (4.-$.) 
FOR-LAYNE.    Lain  with.     (^.-£) 
I  have  an  othe  swore 
That  yfor-Zai/n  schall  be  no  more, 
Thogh  y  schulde  therfore  lose  my  lyfe, 
But  yf  y  were  a  weddyd  wyfe. 

MS.  Cantab.  Ff.  it.  38,  f.  117. 
Another  knyght,  so  mote  y  spede, 
Gat  the  chylde  syth  them  yede, 
And  hath  the  qu«ne  for-Ia&ne.    MS.  /Wrf.  f.  72. 
Now  wate  I  wele  it  es  he 
That  base  the  Jbr-faime.  * 

MS.  Uwsoln  A.  L  17,  f- 137 , 


FOR 


3/3 


FOR 


FOR-LEDE.    To  mislead.     (^.-S.) 

Sir  Lancelott  salle  never  laughe,  that  with  the  kyng 

lengez, 
That  I  sulde  lette  my  waye  foi  -lede  nppone  erthe. 

Hortit  Aitkuret  MS.  Lincoln  f,  71- 

FOR-LEND.    To  give  up.     Spenser. 
FOR-LESE.   To  lose  entirely.    (.7.-K)    See  Gy 
of  Warwike,  p.  44 ;  Kyng  Horn,  605  ;   Reliq. 
Antiq.  i.  262  ;  Arch.  xxx.  407. 
FOR-LETE.     To  abandon  ;  to  quit ;  to  lose ;  to 
forsake,  or  neglect.     See  Kyng  Horn,  224  ; 
Langtoft,  p.  196;  MS.  Cott."  Vespas.  D.  vii. 
Ps.  9,  21 ;  Gy  of  Warwike,  p.  144. 
Hwenne  the  feondes  heom  for-leteth, 
Sndken  and  neddreu  heom  towreteth. 

ZfS.Coll.Jea  (Xeon.29. 
Hyt  rnyjt  hym  so  to  ryet  gcle, 
That  alie  hyi  k-rnyng  ho  schukle  for-lcte. 

MS.  Gw'rtft.  Ff.  n   3i),  f,  127. 
They  use  their  hond  lest  the\  bhuld  foigete, 
That  ail  iher  lyf  atter  they  cannot  ft>r-letr. 

XF.  Laud.  41G,  f.  61. 

FOB-LIT  HE.     To  force,  or  raush.    (4.-S.) 
FOR-LORE.    Utterly  lost.    (A.-S.) 

Tin  travaylc  shal  not  be  for-lwe, 

Thou  knowis  wel  my  manere. 

MS.  Cantab.  Ff  v.  40,  f.  52. 

FOR-LORN.  Worthless;  reprobate;  aban- 
doned. East.  Shakespeare  has  it  in  the 
sense  of  thin,  diminutive,  2  Hen.  IV.  iii.  2, 
Forlorn-hope,  a  party  of  soldiers  sent  before 
an  army  to  skirmish  with  the  enemy. 

FORLOYNE.  In  hunting,  a  chase  in  which 
some  of  the  hounds  have  tailed,  and  the  hunts- 
man is  a-head  of  some,  and  following  others. 
It  may  also  be  explained,  when  a  hound  go- 
ing before  the  rest  of  the  cry,  meets  chase, 
and  goes  away  with  it.  See  Twici,  p.  16 ; 
Gent.  Rec.  ii.  79. 

FOR-LUKE.  Providence.  See  Sir  Amadas, 
Weber,  p.  258,  and  Robson,  p.  40,  wrongly 
explained  by  both  editors. 

Bot  it  come  of  a  gentilnes  of  cure  awenne  hert 
fowuded  in  vcrtu  of  thee  victories  also  whilke  the 
fot-'lttke  of  Godd  hase  sent  us,  ere  we  na  thyng  en- 
priddede.  MS.  Lincoln  A.  i.  17,  f.  17. 

FOR-LY.     To  overlay  and  kill  a  child,   as  a 
nurse  or  mother  sometimes  does  accidentally. 
It  also  has  the  sense  offutuo. 
FORM.     The  seat  of  a  hare.     Hence,  to  squat 

do\v  n  as  a  hare. 
FORMAL.    Sober ;  in  one's  right  senses ;  in  a 

right  form,  or  usual  shape.     Shak. 
FORMALLY.     In  a  certain  form. 
FORMAR.    First ;  highest.     SMton. 
FORMAST.     Earliest ;  foremost.    (A.-S.)    See 
Le  Bone  Florence  of  Rome,  375. 

He  was  furt,te  hcrde  and  fee  dale  with, 
Tubalcame  the /onward  stnyth. 

CurwMundi,  MS.  Coll.  Trin.  Cantab,  f.  10. 

FORMAT.    To  bespeak  a  thing.     North. 

FORMAYLLE.    The  female  hawk.    The  term 
is  also  applied  to  the  females  of  other  birds, 
Fawkone  neformaj/He  apponc  fisto  haudi'le, 
Ne  5itt  with  gcrefawcorje  rejoyse  me  hi  erthe. 

M<nte  dftftw6*  MS.  Lincoln,  f.  95. 

FORME.  (1)  First ;  former.     (4-*.) 

(2)  To  teach ;  to  instruct ;  to  inform. 


FORMELLICHE.    Formally.     Chaucer. 
FORMER.  (1)  First.    Middleton,  v.  520. 

(2)  A  gouge.    Also,  an  instrument  for  holding 
different  pieces  of  a  table  together.     "  For- 
mour,  or  grublyng  yron,"  Palsgrave. 

(3)  The  Creator.     Coventry  Myst.  p.  159. 
FORMERWARDE.    The  vanguard.     Weber. 
FORMFADERES.     Foie-fathers.     (d.-S.) 
FORMICA.    A  disease  in  hawks. 
FORMOSITY.'Form-;  beauty.  This  word  occurs 

in  the  Cyprian  Academy,  1647,  p.  8. 
FORMOUS.    Beautiful;  fair.     (Lat.} 
FORM -PIECES.     An  old  term  for  the  stones 

forming  the  tiacery  of  windows. 
FORN.     Before.     Gy  of  Warwike,  p.  3. 
FORNE.  (1)  Foam.    Palsgrave. 

(2)  For.     Ritson's  Gloss,  to  Met.  Rom. 

(3)  The  first,  former,  or  fore.    Pr.  Parv. 
FORNESSE.    A  furnace,     Palsyraoe. 
FOR-NIGH.    Very  near.    North. 
FOR-NOUGHT.    Easily.    Hearne. 
FORNPECKLES.     Freckles.    Lane, 
FOR-OLDED.    Worn  out  with  age.    South.    It 

occurs  in  Lydgate. 
FORORD.    Furred.    "  Forord  \vele  and  with 

gold  fret,"  Ritson,  i.  47. 
FOR-OUTIN.     Without.     Gawaijne. 
FOROWS.    Furrows.     (A.-S.) 

He  stroke  the  stede  wyth  the  spurrys, 
He  spared  uothei  rugge  norfoious. 

MS.  Cantab.  Ff.  u.  38,  f.  187, 

FOR-PINCHED.    Pinched  to  pieces.     (^.-£) 

See  Wright's  Pol.  Songs,  p.  337. 
FOR-PINED.      Pined  01   statved    to    death; 
wasted  away ;  niggardly.    (^.-5.)     See  Piers 
Ploughman,  p.  126;  Chaucer,  Cant.  T.  20 J, 
1455  ;  Fairy  Queene,  III.  x.  57. 
FOR-POSSID.    Poised,  or  weighed. 

And  thus  he  gan  in  sondry  thoujtes  wynde, 
As  in  ballauuce/or-poHtt  up  and  doun. 

Lydgate,  MS.  Soc.  4ntiq*  134,  f.  5 . 

FOR-PREST.    Prest  down ;  fallen  down. 
FORRAD.     Forward,     far.  dial. 
FOR-RAKYD.     Overdone  with  walking.     See 

Towneley  Mysteries,  p.  105. 
FORRAYSE.    To  foray,  or  lay  waste. 

lie  fellez  forebtez  Mc,fa])avse  thl  landez 

Marie  Arthurs,  MS.  Lincoln,  f ,  66. 

FORRED-    Debilitated.    (A.-S.) 
FORREL.    The  cover  of  a  book ;  the  border  of 
a  handkerchief.     West.    It  occurs  in  many 
early  writers  in  the  first  sense. 
FORREOUR.  A  scout,  or  forager.  (A.-N.)   For- 
rydars,  Arrival  of  King  Edward  IV.  p.  8. 
Ferkes  on  a  frusche,  and  fresclyche  askryes 
To  f  jghte  with  oure  forreows  that  one  felde  hovis. 
Morte  4rthure,  MS.  Lincoln,  f.84, 

FOR-S  AKE.    To  leave ;  to  omit ;  to  desist  from ; 

to  refuse,  or  deny,     (A.-S.) 
FOR-SCAPTE.    Driven  out  of;  banished  from. 

See  the  Chester  plays,  i.  44. 
FOR-SCHOP.    Transformed.    (A.-S.) 

And  him,  as  sche  whiche  was  goddesse, 
Fw-fehop  anone,  and  the  liknesse 
ScHe  made  him  taken  of  an  herte. 

(tower,  SIS,  Sotv  Antiq.  SW<  f.  ^ 


FOR 


374 


FOE 


FOR-SCYPPERS,  Those  who  skipped  over  the  ! 

Psalms  in  chanting.    Reliq.  Antiq.  i.  90. 
FOR-SB,  To  neglect ;  to  despise.  See  MS.  Cott. 

Vespas.  D.  vii.  Ps.  10.   It  is  spelt  for-segh  in 

the  same  MS.  Ps.  21. 
FORSELY.    Strong ;  powerful. 

The  fifce  was  a  fake  mane  thane  fele  of  thies  other, 

A/oj$e&  mane  and  a  ferse,  with  fomand  lippis. 

Mort&  Art hw  e,  MS,  Lincoln,  f.88. 

FOR-SETTE.    To  shut ;  to  close  in.     (4.-S.) 
He  has  the  cQt&for-sett  appone  sere  halfez. 

Morte  At  thure,  MS,  Lincoln,  f.  74. 

FOR-SHRONKE.     Shrunk  up.     Chaucer. 
FOR-SLEUTHE.    To  lose  through  sloth ;  to  lie 

spoilt  from  lying  idle.    (A.-S.) 
FOBSLOCKOND,   Done  over.   "  For-sloc&ond 

•with  ale/'  Reliq.  Antiq.  i.  84. 
FOR-SLONGEN.     Swallowed   up;    devoured. 

See  Reynard  the  Foxe,  p.  10. 
FOK-SLYNGRED,    Beat  severely.  Ibid.  p.  18, 
FORSNES.    Strength.     Gawaym. 
FOR-SNEYE.    To  do  evil  slily.    (A.-S.) 
Forthy,  yf  eny  man  for-sneye 
Thorow  hem,  they  ben  not  excusable, 

Gotoei;  MS*  Soc.  Antiq,  134,  f.  4i>. 

FOR-SODE.    Forsooth ;  truly.     Weber. 
FOR-SONGEN.    Tired  with  singing.     (A.-S.) 
TOR-SPENT.    Worn  away.    Spenser. 
FORSPREAK.    An  advocate.    Phillips. 
FOR-SPREDE.     To  spread,  or  extend.    MS. 

Cott.  Tespas.  D.  vii.  Ps.  35. 
FORST.  Frost.  Still  in  use. 
FOR-STALLE.  To  hinder,  stop,  or  forestall. 

(A.-S.)     See  Piers  Ploughman,  p.  68. 
FORSTER.    A  forester.    (A.-N.) 

3et  I  rede  that  thou  fande 
Than  any  furster  in  this  land 
An  arow  for  to  drawe. 

MS.  Cantab.  Pf.  v.  48,  f.  50. 

FOR-STORMID.    Beaten  by  storms.     (A.-S.) 
The  schip  whiche  on  the  wawis  renneth, 
And  is  for-stoi-mid  and  for  blowe, 
Is  iiou5t  more  peyned  for  a  throw. 

Gowei;  MS.  Soc,  Antiq  134,  f.  61. 
FOR-STRAUGHT.    Distracted.     (A.-S.) 
FOR-SWAT.  Covered  with  sweat.  See  Wright's 

Pol.  Sotgs,  p,  158 ;  Brit-BiW.  iii.  14. 
FOR-SWELTE.    KiUed.    Kyng  Alis.  7559. 
FOR-SWEREN.    To  perjure,  or  swear  falsely. 
FOR-SWONK.     Tired  with  labour.      "Albe 
for-swouk  and  for-swat/'  England's  Helicon, 
1614,ap.Brit.Bibl.p.U. 
FORSY.    To  stuff,  or  season,  any  dish.     See  a 

receipt  in  Forme  of  Cury,  p.  104. 
FORT.  (1)  Tipsy.    Percy. 

(2)  Before.    See  the  Sevyn  Sages,  239. 

(3)  Strong ;  powerful.     Kyng  Alisaunder,  7710. 

(4)  Till ;  until.     St.  Brandon,  p.  1. 
FOR-TAXED.     Wrongly  taxed.     (A.-S.) 
FORTE,    A  form  of/orM/ 

Sche  thoujte  that  ther  was  suche  one, 
AUe  vim  forte  and  overgon. 

Gower,  MS.  Soc.  Antiq.  134,  f.  107. 

FOE-TEACH.     To  unteach.     Spenser. 
rOKTELACK.    A  fortress.    U.-N.) 
TOKTER.    To  thrash  corn.    North. 
TOETEYN,  (1)  To  happen,-  to  receive.  (*..&) 


And  31 1  for  all  hys  grete  honour, 
Hymselfe  noble  kyng  Arthour 
Hath  foiteynd  syche  a  chaub. 

MS.  Ashmole  61,  f.  61^ 
(2)  To  prosper.     (./.-Y.) 

Tho  my  mayster  spend  never  so  faste, 
I-nouje  he  schall  have  at  the  laste, 
May  fortcyn,  as  my  eh  as  ever  shall  he, 
That  drynke  never  peny  to  that  he  dyje. 

Nugoe  Poeticoe*  p.  16 

FORTH.  (1)  Out  of  temper.     Devon. 

(2)  Thenceforth  ;  because ;  forwards.     (A.-S.) 

(3)  To  distrust ;  to  despair.     Gower. 

(4)  Theft.     Skinner's  Etym.  Angl.  1G71. 
FOR-THAN.  Therefore;  on  this  account  (A.-S.) 

See  Ellis,  ii.  28,  In  use  in  the  North,  accord- 
ing to  Ray  and  Grose. 

FOR-THAT.  Because.  A  common  phrase. 
See  Sir  Ismnbras,  489  ;  Hunter's  Illust.  Shak. 
i.  200. 

FORTH-BY.    Forward  by.     (<£-£) 
FORTHE.  (1)  A  ford.    MS.  Egertoii  820,  f.  87. 
(2)  To  forward,  or  bring  forward.     (A.-S.) 
FORTHE-DAYES.    The  close  of  the  day.    See 

Fore-days,  and  Sir  Perceval,  825. 
FORTHE-GATE.    A  journey.     (A.-S.) 
FORTHELY.    Readily,    Langtoft,  p.  160. 
FORTHER.    To  further ;  to  advance.     (A.-S.) 
FORTHER-FETE.    The  fore-feet.    R'itson. 
FORTHERLY.    Forward ;  early.    North. 
FORTH-HELDE.    To  hold  forth;   to  retain. 

(A.-S.) 
FOR-THL    Therefore;  because,    (A.-S.) 

Thou  shal  be  servyd  er  thou  goo, 
Fo?  -thy  make  glatt  chere. 

Jlf&  Cantab.  Ff.  v,  48,  f,  fit. 

FORTH  INK.    To  suspect ;  to  foresee.    East. 

FOR-THINKE,  To  grieve ;  to  vex  ;  to  abie,  or 
repent.  •*  Who  so  coniyth  late  to  his  in, 
shall  erly  for-tkynfo,"  MS.  Douce  52.  Still 
in  use  in  Cheshire.  See  Wilbraham,  p.  41. 
Hot  thow  arte  fay,  be  my  faythe,  and  that  me  for. 
thynK&ya.  Morte  Arthur* t  MS.  Lincoln*  f.  C3L 

FORTHIRMASTE.  The  furthermost ;  the  most 
distant.  "The  forthirmaste  was  freely," 
MS.  Morte  Arthure,  f.  88, 

FORTH-ON.  In  continuation;  for  an  indefi- 
nite period,  far.  dial 

FOR-THOUGHT.  Grieved ;  repented.  Used 
as  a  substantive  in  Cheshire.  (A.-S.) 

FORTH-RIGHT.  A  straight,  or  direct  path. 
See  Tempest,  iii.  3 ;  Tro.  and  Or.  iii.  3. 

TORTHWAR.    Forthwith.    (A.~S.) 

IORTH-WARDE.    Forward.     Perceval,  1038. 

FORTH- TORPE.  To  cast  forth;  to  reject. 
See  MS.  Cott.  Vespas.  D.  vii.  Ps.  16. 

FORTH -WORD.   A  bargain.    Apol.LolLp.  52. 

FOR-THY.    Same  as  For-thi,  q.  v. 

FORTHY.    Forward  j  pert.    Conw. 

FORTITUDE.  An  old  astrological  term  frc  a 
favorable  planet. 

FORT-MAYNE.    Main  force.    (A.-N? 

FOR/TO.    Till;  until     Weler, 

FOR-TORNE,    Torn  up ;  rooted  up.    (A.«S.) 

FOR-TREDE.  To  tread  down.  (A.  $.)  See  MS, 
Cott.Veapas.D.mPs.7. 


FOR 


J/5 


FOU 


FORTRESSE.     To  make  strong ;  to  fortify.        1 

FORTU1T.     Accidental.     (A.-N.} 

FORTUNE.  To  make  fortunate;  to  gi\e  good 
or  bad  fortune.  Also,  to  happen,  as  in  Top- 
sell's  Beasts,  p.  278  ;  Hobson's  Jests,  p.  29. 
J  or  tune  my  Foe,  one  of  the  most  popular 
early  ballad  tunes,  is  so  often  referred  to  that 
it  deserves  a  brief  notice.  A  copy  of  the 
ballad  is  preserved  in  Bagford's  collection  in 
the  British  Museum,  and  the  air  has  been 
published  by  Mr.  Chappell,  1840.  See  further 
in  the  notes  to  Kind-Harts  Dreame,  p.  61. 

FOUTUNOUS.     Fortunate. 

With  mighty  strokes  courage  and  clievalrous, 
He  wanae  the  felde  in  batell/w  twwus. 

Haidyng's  Chtouicle9  f.  12, 

FOR-UNGRID.  Faint  with  hunger.  "  For- 
ungnd  sore,"  Wright's  Seven  Sages,  p.  34. 

FOR- WAKED.  Having  been  long  awake.  See 
Sir  Perceval,  1879, 

FOR-WANDRED.  Having  long  wandered; 
worn  out  with  wandering.  ( A.-  £) 

FOR-WANYE.    To  spoil.     (A-S) 

FORWARD.  (1)  Half  tipsy.     Var.  dial. 

(2)  An  agreement,  or  covenant ;   a  promise. 
(X.-&)    See  Beves  of  Hamtoun,  p.  140 ;  MS. 
Cott.  Vespas.  D.  vii.  Ps.  15 ;  Chester  Plays,  i. 
56 ;  Gy  of  Warwike,  p.  342  ;  Sir  Amadas,  683. 

(3)  Destruction.    (d.-S.)    It  occurs  in  MS.  Cott. 
Vespas.  D.  vii.  Ps.  9. 

FOR- WAT.     So  that ;  provided.     Hearne. 

FOR-WAYE.     To  go  out  of  the  way.     (^.-£) 

FOR  WE.  A  furrow.  "  The  knight  fel  ded  in  a 
fonve,"  Arthour  and  Merlin,  p.  129. 

FOR-WEARIED.    Worn  out.   Palsgrave. 

FORWEEND.  Humoursome ;  difficult  to  please. 
Somerset.  Perhaps  from  the  old  word  for- 
weyned,  badly  weaned,  Depos.  R.  II. 

FOR-WELKED.   Much  wrinkled.   (A.-S.) 

FOR-WEPT.  Having  much  wept ;  quite  worn 
out  with  weeping.  Chaucer. 

FOR-WHY.   Wherefore,    Far.  dial. 

FORWIT.  Prescience;  forethought;  antici- 
pation. Piers  Ploughman,  p.  87. 

FOR-WONDRED.  Much  wondred  at;  very 
strange.  (//.-£)  Langtoft,  p.  37. 

FOR-WORN.   Much  worn.   Spenser. 

FOR-WORTH.  To  perish.  (^.-£)  See  an  in- 
stance in  MS.  Cott.  Vespas.  D.  vii.  Ps,  1. 

FOR-WOUNDED.   Much  wounded.    Chaucer. 

FOR-WRAPPED.   Wrapped  up.    Chaucer. 

FOR-WROGHT,   Over-worked.   (4,-S.) 
JFur-wro-ght  wit  his  hak  and  spad, 
Of  himself  he  wex  al  s.vd. 

MS.  Cott.  Vespas   A.  ill.  f.  8. 

FOR-WYTTYNG.   Reproach.   Caxton. 

FOR-YAF.  Forgave.  Ritson. 

FOR-YAT.  Forgot.  AuchinleckMS.  For-yede, 
Troilus  and  Cre&eide,  ii  13&0 ;  foryete, 
Chaucer,,  Cant,  T.  1884 ;  for-y&tt&n,  Rom. 
Rose,  4838  ifor-iute,  St,Brandan,  p.  26. 

FOR-YE  LDE.  To  repay ;  to  requite ;  to  reward. 
See  Kywg  Alisaunder,  362 :  Piers  Ploughman, 
pp,  133,  257.  For*yeMteinp,  reward,  recom- 
pense, MS.  Cott.  Vespas.  D,  vii,  Ps.  27. 


FareweHe  MOW,  my  de-re  iruystyr, 
And  GocT  hyt  yow  for-yylde. 

MS.  Cantab.   Ff.  u.  38,  f.6 

FORYTT.    A  ferret.  Nominate  MS. 
FOR-3ETYLLE.  Forgetful.   Pr,  Pa** 
FOR-3ODE.   Lost ;  forgot ;  omitted. 

And  therfoie  whenne  scho  Jw-pde  hymc,  scho 
foi'-yxte  also  alle  other  gude  with  hyme,  and  ther- 
fore  was  scho  thaue  ia  wedowede. 

MS.  Lincoln  A.  i.  17,  f.  185. 

FOSAR,    Same  as  Forcer,  q.  v. 

FOSOUN.   Confidence ;  ability,   llearne. 

FOSS.   A  waterfall.    Craven. 

FOSSET.   A  faucet.    Hawkins,  iii.  349.    Also  a 

chest,  the  same  as  Forcer,  q.  v. 
FOSSICK.  A  troublesome  person.    Hence  also 

fossikmg,  troublesome.    Wanv. 
FOSS  PLE.    The  impression  of  a  horse's  foot  on 

soft  ground.    Cumb. 
FOSTAL.  A  paddock  to  a  large  house,  or  a  way 

leading  thereto.   Sussex. 
FOSTALE.   The  track  of  a  hare. 
FOSTER.  A  forester.    (//..JV.)     See  Syr  Trya- 

moure,  1087 ;  Robin  Hood,  i.  65. 
To  a  hcrte  fie  let  lenne; 
xij.fosteis  dy^erjed  hjm  then. 

MS.  Can  tab    Ff.  ii.38,  f.78 

FOSTRE.  Food ;  nourishment  (^.-ft)  Chaucer 
has  fostring,  Cant.  T.  7427.     Fostredes,  fos»- 
tered,Will.  Werw.p.  19*3. 
FOT.   To  fetch.    West. 

His  modir  him  bitoke  a  pot 
Wafr  fro  the  welie  to  f.it 
Cursor  Mundi,  MS.  Coll.  Win.  Vantub.  f  76* 
FOTE.   Fought.    Warw. 
FOTE-HOT.  On  the  iastaat;  immediately.   See 
Warton,  i.  189  j  Ritson,  ii.  160  ;  Gy  of  War- 
wike, pp.  28,  63.   It  is  very  common  in  early 
English  writers. 

On  onsweiid  hym  fit?  hote, 
He  is  of  that  lotule  wel  I  wote, 

MS  Cantabk  Ff.  v.  48,  f.  24. 

FOTE-SETE.  A  footstool.   Nominate  MS. 

FOTEZ.  Feet.   Gawayne. 

FOTH.  A  fragment.   Somerset 

FOTHER.  A  weight  of  19  cwt.   Hence,  a  great 

number  or  quantity ;  a  burthen  of  any  size. 

(A.-S.)    See  Kyng"  Alisaunder,  1809. 
FOTHERAM.    An  open  space  behind  the  rack, 

where  the  hay  is  placed  ready  to  supply  it. 

North. 

FOTIVE.    Nourishing.    (Lat.) 
FOT-LAME.  Lame  iti  the  foot. 
FOTTIS.   Feet.   Arch,  xxx.  407. 
FOU.  Tipsy;,  full;  few.   JVbrM.   It  occurs  in  the 

last  sense  in  MS.  Cott.  Vespas.  D.  vii,  Ps.  16, 

13th  century ;  and  Rob.  Glouc.  p:  153,  spelt 

fowe.  "Wilbraham  has/0«7-tfnw#,  very  drunk. 
FOUCH.  A  quarter  of  a  buck.  An  old  hunting 

term.      Also,  to  divide  a  buck  into  four 

quarters* 
FOUCHI.    To  vouchsafe,  or  vouch  for.  (X.-M) 

See  William  and  the  Werwolf,  p.  149. 
FOUDERS0ME.  Bulky ;  cumhrous.   Cumb. 
FOUDRE.  Lightning.  (^.-AT.) 
FOUBREfi.    Apparently  a  kind  of  spice,  men* 

iaoned  in  Nominale  MS. 


FOU 


376 


FOW 


FOUGADE.  A  kind  of  firework. 
TOUGH.  An  interj.  of  contempt. 
FOUGHT.  Fetched.    Somerset. 
FOUGHTY,  Musty ;  insipid.  Lino. 
FOUL.  (1)  Ugly ;  dirty ;  vicious ;  impolite ;  full 
of  weeds.   Var.  dial. 

(2)  An  ulcer  in  a  cow's  foot ;  a  disease  that  pro- 
duces ulcers.    North. 

(3)  A  bird.    See  Kyng  Alisaunder,  3551. 

(4)  To  flash  ?   See  a  singular  use  of  the  word  in 
Fletcher's  Poems,  p.  160. 

FOULDAGE.   The  liberty  of  penning  or  folding 

sheep  "by  night.    Norf. 

FOULDETt.    Lightning.  Nares.    Hence  foult- 

rinff,  flashing  like  lightning,  Misfortunes  of 

Arthur,  p,  57. 

FOULEN.   To  defile.   (A.-S.) 

FOULER.   A  piece  of  ordnance,  mentioned  in 

Gaulfrido  and  Barnardo,  Lond,  1570;  Ord. 

and  Reg.  p.  272 ;  Arch.  xxi.  52 

FOULMART.     A  polecat.   North.    "A  fox  and 

zfolmert]'  Reliq.  Antiq.  i.  85. 
FOUL-MOUTHED.    Accustomed  to  use  very 

bad  language,    far.  dial. 
FOUL'S -MARE.    A  name  for  the  gallows,  men- 
tioned in  Holinshed,  iii.  1561. 
FOULYNG.    A  wretch.    Cov.  Myst,  p.  306. 
FOUND.  (1)  Supplied  with  food.     See  Find. 

The  term  founder  is  still  common. 
(2J  To  confound.    See  Greene's  "Works,  ii.  200. 
(3;  To  intend,  or  design.  Westmorel.  It  occurs 
in  Ritson,  the  same  as  Fande,  to  try,  attempt, 
or  endeavour. 

(4)  To  mix ;  to  dissolve.  Pegge. 

FOUND  AY.    A  space  of  six  days.    A  term  used 

by  iron-workers,   being  the  time  in  which 

they  make  eight  tuns. 

FOUNDE.    To  go  towards;  to  go. 

To  hi*  foreste  to  founds, 

Bothe  with  home  and  with  hunde, 

To  brynge  the  dere  to  the  ground  e. 

MS.  Lincoln.  A.  i.  17,  f-  ISO. 
Syr  knyghte,  when  thou  an-huntyng/oH>w</ft?, 
Y  schalle  gyf  ye  two  greyhowndys. 

MS.  Cantab,  Ff.  tf.  38,  f.  C4. 
Pro  themorne  that  day  was  lyghte> 
Tylle  hyt  was  evyn  derke  uyghte, 
Oreythur  party  wolde  fiwnde       MS..  Ibid.  f. 
FOUNDER.    To  fall  down ;  to  make  to  fall;  to 
give  way.   Chaucer. 

In  Cheshire,  A.JD.  1&5  — ,  a  quantity  of  earth  /ow 
dred,  and  fell  dowpe  a  vast  depth. 

Aubrey's  Wilts,  Royal  Sac,  MS.  p.  106. 

FOURBOUR.  A  furnisher.  See  a  list  of  trades 
in  Davies'  York  Records,  p.  233. 

FOURCHED.  Forked.  Reliq,  Antiq,  i,  151. 

FOUR-EYED.  Said  of  dogs  which  have  a  dis- 
tinct mark  over  each  eye  of  a  different  colour. 
One  who  wears  spectacles  is  also  said  to  be 
four-ieyed. 

TOURINGS.  An  afternoon  meal  taken  at  4 
o'clock  in  harvestvfcime.  Norf.  Also  called 
Fount* 

FO'JRMEL.    To  do  according  to  rule. 

F.uler,  jemay  Jaujemy  lewdespechCj 
3if*  that  jow  liste,  I  can  nothinge/owmyJ. 

Ofvtew,  JWS,  Sov  Jnti?.  134,  f.  20'?. 


FOUR-O'CLOCK.    A  meal  taken  by  ha.     ..^ 

bourers  at  that  hour.     North. 
FOUR-RELEET.     The  crossing  of  two  roads, 

four  ways  meeting.    SvffolA. 
FOUR-SQUARE.  Quadrangular.  Suffolk.  "And 
the  citie  lay  fowesquare"  Rev.  xxi.  1C,  ed. 
1640,  fol.  Amst. 
FOURTE.    Fourteen.    Weber. 
FOURTE-DELE.    The  fourth  part.     (X-&) 
The  fowte-dete  a  furlang  betwene  thus  he  wnlkes. 

Mwte  Arthiti e,  MS.  Lincoln,  f.  63. 
FOURTNET.    A  fortnight. 

Hit  is  afowtnet  and  more,  seyd  hee, 
Syn  I  my  Saviour  see. 

MB.  Cantab.  Ff.  v.  4«,  f.  12S. 

FOURUM.    A  bench,  or  form.     North. 

FOUSE.  (1)  A  fox.    Craven. 

(2)  Ready  5  prompt ;  -willing.  (^.-£)  See  Flor, 
and  Blanch.  352;  Lybeaus  Disconus,  288; 
Wright's  Lyric  Poetry,  p.  50. 

FOUST.  (1)  Dirty ;  soiled ;  mouldy ;  rumpled,  or 
tumbled.  West.  "Particularly  applied  to 
hay  not  well  dried  at  first,  or  that  hath  taken 
wet,  and  smokes  and  stinks  v\hcn  opened  and 
taken  abroad,"  Dean  Milles  MS. 

(2)  A  labourer's  beer-bottle.    Line. 

FOUT.     A  spoilt  child.    North. 

FOUTER.  (1)  A  term  of  contempt.  North.  See 
Brocketr,  who  has  not  seen  its  obvious  con- 
nexion with  the  old  word  foutra,  used  by 
Shakespeare. 

(2)  To  thrash  grain.     North. 

FOUTH.    Plenty.    Northumb. 

FOUTNART.    Same  as  Foulmart,  q.  v. 

FOUTRA.  Afoutraforyvu.)  \.  e.  a  fig  for  you, 
in  contempt.  Middleton,  iv.  33. 

FOUTRY.    Mean;  paltry.    East. 

FOUTY.     Not  fresh ;  fusty.    North. 

FOUWELES,  Birds.  Piers  Ploughman,  p.  Sfil. 
Fowel,  Fowcles,  St.  Brandan,  p.  10. 

FOW.  (1)  Same  as  Foul,  q.  v. 

(2)  Fur.  "  Fow  and  griis,"  Gy  of  Wanvike,  p. 
22.  See  Ib.  p.  95  ;  Tristrem,  p.  203. 

FOWAYLE.  Fuel.  Pr.Paw.  It  is  applied  iu 
Richard  Goer  de  Lion,  1471,  1475,  to  pro- 
visions or  necessary  supplies. 

FOWE.    To  clean,  or  cleanse  out,    "  Thin  ero 
/owe,"  Arch,  xxx,  351 ;  ib.  371. 
Beter  become  the  i-hche, 
For  tofuwen  an  old  die-he, 
Thanne  for  to  be  dobbed  knight, 
Te  gon  among  maidenes  bright. 

Beve*  of  Havitoun,  p.  4S. 

FOWER.  (1)  A  fainting  fit.    North. 

(2)  Same  as  Fueler,  q.  v. 

FOWERTIE.   Forty.    Chaucer. 

FOWING.    Fodder,    North. 

FOWK.    Folk;  pepple.    Yor&sh, 

FOWKEN.    A  falcon. 

Fer  out  over  jon  raowntcn  gray, 
Thomas,  a  fi>wken  makes  his  ne*f . 

True  Thoin&t,  MS,  Cantab.  Ff.  v,  48. 
FOWKIN.    Crepitus  ventris.    Percy. 
FOWLDE.    The  earth,  or  world.    «  ^VJhille* 
I  one  fowlde  regnede,"  Morte  Arthure,  MS. 
Lincoln  A.  i.  17,  f.  88. 


FRA 


377 


FRA 


FOAYLE.  (1)  Same  as  Fout,  q.  v. 
(2)  To  try  to  catch  birds.     Hence  Fowler. 
FOWNCE.    To  indent.    Lydgate. 
FOWNDYNGE.    Trial. 

He  was  tryste  in  all  fmvndynge. 

MS.  Cantab.  Ff.  li.  38,  f.  175 

FOWRIS.    Force.  -Arch.  xxx.  407. 

K)WTE.    Fault ;  want. 

At  the  last  lie  scid,  wo  is  me, 
Almost  I  dye  for/oztte  of  fode. 

T>ue  Thomas,  MS.  Cantab.  Ff.  v.  48. 

FOX.  (1)  The  old  English  broadsword.  "  He 
scowersan  old  foxe,"  Drayton,  p.  10. 

(2)  To  make  tipsy.    A  cant  term.     See  Hob- 
son's  Jests,  1607,  repr.  p.  33. 

(3)  To  steal.     Coll.  Eton. 

(4)  A  game  in  which  one  boy  runs  first,  and 
others  try  to  catch  him. 

FOXED.  Timber  is  said  to  be  foxed,  when  it 
becomes  discoloured  in  consequence  of  inci- 
pient decay.  JJ'arw. 

FOXEIUE.  "Foxish  manners.     Chaucer. 

FOX-IN-THE-IIOLE.  This  game  is  alluded  to 
in  Soliman  and  Perseda,  1509  ;  Fbrio,p.  480 ; 
Hcrrick,  i.  176.  Boys  who  played  it  hopped 
on  one  leg,  and  beat  one  another  with  gloves 
or  pieces  of  leather  tied  at  the  end  of  strings. 
'*  A  kinde  of  playe  wherein  boyes  lift  up  one 
leg,  and  hop  on  the  other;  it  is  called  fox  in 
tfnj  hole,"  Komenclator,  1585,  p.  298. 

FOX-TAIL.  Anciently  one  of  the  badges  of  a 
fool.  Hence  perhaps  the  phrabC  to  yice  one  a 
flap  with  a  fox-tail^  to  deceive  or  make  a  fool 
of  him.  "  A  flap  with  a  foxe-tailc,  a  jest," 
Florio,  p.  101. 

FOXY.  Said  of  beer  which  has  not  fermented 
properly.  Line. 

FOY.  (1)  Faith.    KMttm. 

(2)  A  merry-making  generally  given  at  parting, 
or  on  entering  into  some  situation.  /  ar.  dial. 

FOYLE.  (1)  Paste,  or  crust.  A  common  term 
in  old  culinary  receipts. 

(2)  To  fallow  land.    Diet.  Rust. 

FOYLEI).    Defiled. 

But  hoc  is  foyled  with  dishone$t<5, 
To  wasche  another  It  is  nut  aplycii. 

Ly(ltf<it<',  MS.  Suc.AHtiq.lW,  f.  1 

FOYLIKGS.    The  marks  on  grass  left  by  deer 

in  their  passage.    Ifotwll. 
FOYNK.    A  heap,  or  abundance.    AlbO,  foes. 

Towneley  Mysteries.    (Qu.  few.) 
FOYNED.    Kicked.    Gawayne. 
FOYNES.    See  Point. 
FOYNTES.    Attempts,    Hearw. 
FOYS,    A  kind  of  delicate  tartlet.    "  Frixum, 

a  foys,"  Nominate  MS. 
FOYST.   SeeJFowtf. 
FOZY.  (1)  A  choice  delicacy.    Devon. 
(2)  Spongy ;  insipid ;  porous  j  soft  and  woolly. 

North  and  East 
FRA.    From.    (A.-S.}   In  common  use  in  the 

North.    Also  an  adverb,     Ttt  andfra,  to  and 

fro.    See  Chaucer,  Cant.  T.  4037. 

Whenne  he  went  oghte/ro  hom«» 
Thuy  hafe  haldyneup  his  name. 

MS  Linc^n  A.  i,  17,  f.  130. 


FRACCHYNE.    To  creak.    Pr.  Part. 
FRACK.  (1)  Forward;  eager.    North. 

(2)  A  hole  in  a  garment.    Suffolk. 

(3)  To  abound,  swarm,  orthiong.   East, 
FRACTABLE.    The  wrought  stones  that  run 

up  the  gable  ends.    Holme,  1688. 
FRACTEJ}.    Broken.    (Lat.)  Palsgrave  has  the 

substantive  fraction,  a  hi  caking. 
FRACTIOUS.    Peevish.     Var.  dial. 
FRAG.  (1)  Low,  vulgar  people,    ftliddx 
(2)  A  kind  of  rye.    Somerset. 
FRAHDLE.    To  talk  foolishly.    Cumb. 
FRAID.    Fear.    State  Papers,  ii.  355. 
FRAIGHT.     Fraught     Webster,  i.  288, 
FRAIL.  (1)  Weak-minded.     Line. 

(2)  To  fret,  or  wear  out  cloth.    East. 

(3)  A  light  kind  of  basket,  made  of  rushes,  or 
matting,  much  used  for  fruit,  such  as  figs, 
raisins,  &c.    "  You  have  pickt  a  raison  out  of 
afraile  of  figges,"  Lilly's  Mother  Bombie,  ed. 
1632,  sig.  Cc.  vi.    Blount  gives  70 Ib.  as  the 
weight  of  a  frail  of  raisins.     The  term  is  still 
in  use  in  East  Anglia  for  a  shapeless  flexible 
mat  basket.   Frayd,  Piers  Ploughman,  p.  252. 

FRAINE.  To  ask;  to  inquire;  to  demand. 
(A.-S.)  In  use  in  Thorebby'b  time,  1703.  See 
Hallamshire  Gloss,  p.  111. 

Sche  felle  on  kneys,  hym  agayne, 

And  of  hyt.  soiowc  sdie  can  h^m  fia?/ne. 

MS.  Cantab.  Ff.  ii.  38,  i".  I'*. 
This  gret  lord  tlie  herd  con  ftayne, 
What  vril  men  of  your  kyng  scyne? 

MS-  Cantab.  Ff.  v.  48,  f.  47. 

FRAINKLEY.    Comfortable.    Staff. 
FRAISE.    To  interrogate.     (A.-S.) 
FRAISTE.  (1)  To  try,  or  endeavour;  to  prove. 
See  Ywaine   and   Gawin,  3253.      Fraisted, 
tried,  proved, protatum,  MS.  Cott.  Vespas.  D. 
vii.  Ps.  11.    Cf.  Reliq.  Antiq.  i.  200. 

Fulle  many  men  the  worlde  here  frayste*, 
Hot  he  es  in  ght  wysse  that  tliarein  tray^tcs. 

Hamptile,  MS.  Sowvs,  p.  44. 
Here  one  take  yegud  hede, 
I  did  nothjuge  bot  50 we  tofrayste. 

MS.  Lincoln  A.  i.  17,  f.  1 18. 
(2)  To  ask,  or  inquire  j  to  seek.    See  Sir  Isum- 
bras,  669  ;  Langtoft,  p.  200. 

The  thryde  branch t»  cs  to  frcj/st  and  lene, 
To  thaym  that  nene  has  and  be  povre  mono. 

MS.  Hurl.  22CO,  f.71. 
I  salle  be  foundyne  in  Fraunce,  //«uf<;  whcnnchym 

lykes, 

The  fyrhtc  daya  of  Fcvorjere,  In  thas  falre  marches. 
Marts  Arthuie,  MS.  Lincoln^  f.  68. 

FRAKE.    A  man.     Will  and  irerw. 

FKAKNES.  Spots ;  freckles,  (A.-S.)  FraJcwfo, 
freckled,  Morte  Arthure,  MS.  Line.  f.  64. 

FRAMABLE,    Pliable.    Stanihurst,  p.  10. 

FHAMAL.  A  band  with  which  cattle  are  tied 
to  their  stalls.  JLanc. 

FllAMATlON.  Contrivance;  cunning.  Also, 
a  beginning.  North. 

FRAME.  (1)  To  speak  or  behave  affectedly ;  to 
shape  the  language  and  demeanour  in  a  studied 
way*  East.  In  the  North,  to  set  about  a 
thiitg ;  to  attempt ;  to  commence,  move,  or 
begin.  To  bring  into  frame, '  i.  e.  ir  good 


FRA 


378 


FRA 


order ;  out  of  frame,  i.  e.  in  disorder.   He  is  m 
frame,  very  stiff,  or  formal, 
y2)  Effected ;  finished.    (^.-S.) 

And  jive  what  thou  wylt  hyt  a  name, 
And  kast  on  water ;  than  ys  hyt  fiame. 

MS.  Hurl.  1701,  f.  64 

(3)  Profit  ?  advantage,    (d.-S.) 

3e,  seid.  the  kyng,  be  my  Ieut6, 
And  eihs  have  I  tnycul  maugr£, 
3if  hit  be  for  my  ^ame. 

MS.  Cantab.  Ff.  v.  48,  f.  50. 

(4)  A  frame  or  skeleton  of  wood  formerly  made 
the  commencement  of  building  a  house ;  a 
method  of  construction  readily  understood 
from  any  of  the  numerous  old  black  and  white 
houses  still  remaining. 

FRAME-PERSON.  A  visitor  whom  it  is  thought 
requisite  to  receive  ceremoniously.  East. 

FRAMPOLD.  Cross;  ill-humoured.  East.  Ken- 
nett,MS.  Lansd.  1033,  explains  it  as  a  Sussex 
word,  "  fretful;  peevish;"  and  Grose  adds 
/roward.  "  Ilt-will'd  and,/ Sampled  waspish- 
ness,"  N.  Fairfax,  Bulk  and  Selvedge  of  the 
World,  1674.  The  term  occurs  variously  spelt 
in  maiiy  old  authors,  and  sometimes  appears 
to  be  equivalent  to  fiery,  nettle&ome,  saucy, 
vexatious.  See  Middleton,  ii.  477,  v.  140 ; 
Beaumont  and  Fletcher,  iv.  54. 

FRAMPOLE-FENCES.  Such  fences  as  a  tenant 
in  the  manor  of  Writtle,  co.  Essex,  has  against 
the  lord's  demesnes,  whereby  he  has  the  wood 
growing  on  the  fence,  aad  as  many  trees  or 
poles  as  he  can  reach  from  the  top  of  the 
ditch  with  the  helve  of  his  axe  towards  the 
repair  of  his  fences.  Frampoles  seem  to  be 
no  more  than  poles  to  be  reached  yhzm  or  from 
the  hedge.  Kennett,  MS.  Lansd.  1033. 

FRAMPUT.  An  iron  ring  to  fasten  cows  in 
their  stalls.  Lane. 

PRAM-WARD.  In  an  opposite  direction.  See 
Life  of  St.  Brandan,  p.  3. 

FRAMYNGE.    Gain ;  profit.    Pr.  Parv. 

PRANCE.    Frankincense.    Lydgate. 

FRANCEIS,    Frenchmen,    Minot,  p.  31. 

FRANC H.   To  scrunch  with  the  teeth. 

FRANCHE-BOTRAS.  A  buttress  placed  dia- 
gonally against  the  corner  of  a  wall. 

FRANCHEMOLE.  A  dish  in  ancient  cookery, 
composed  chiefly  of  eggs  and  sheep's  fat. 

FRANCHISE.  Frankness ;  Generosity.  (A.-N.) 

FRANCOLEYN.    See  Fran&elein. 

FRAND.    To  be  restless.     Qxon. 

FRA.NIHSH.    Passionate ;  obstinate.    North. 

FRANESY.    Frenzy.    Melton. 

FRANG-Y.  Irritable  j  passionate ;  ill-tempered  ? 
f  netful.  Line. 

FRANION.  A  gay  idle  follow.  SeeHeywood's 
Edward  IV.  p.  45 ;  Peele,  i.  207. 

FRANK.  (1)  A  broad  iron  fork.    Salop. 

(2)  The  large  common  heron.     Suffolk. 

(3)  A  small  iiiclosure  in  which  animals  (gene- 
wily  boars)  were  fattened     "  Francke,  cowle, 
ur  place  wherin  anything  is  fedde  to  be  fatte," 
Haloet,  1552.  Hence  any  animal  that  was  shut 
«pfor  the  purpose  of  being  fattened  was  said 

,  and  the  term  was-  also  applied 


to  it  when  fattened.  See  Elyot,  in  v.  Altilis  ; 
Nomenclator,  1585,  p.40  ;  Harrison's  England, 
p.  222;  Fletcher's  Poems,  1656,  p.  87;  Cot- 
grave,  in  v.  En  (/rats.  Franked  t  large,  huge, 
Holinshed,  Descr.  Scotland,  p.  22. 

FRANK-CHASE.  A  wood,  or  park,  uniucloscd, 
but  having  similar  pi  ivileges. 

FRANKE.    Frankincense. 

Golde,  fi  anket  and  mirre,  they  jaf  him  allethre, 
Aftyr  cubtum  of  force  and  C  uJcl<i. 

Lydgate,  MS.Snc  Autiq  134,  f.  24. 
Cure  franJte  also,  of  hyje  perfeccyoun, 
That  sehuldc  brenne  clere  above  the  hky 

Lydxatf,  MS.  Ibid,  f.  26. 

FRANKELEIN.  A  large  freeholder.  Properly, 
the  son  or  descendant  of  a  vitein  who  had  be- 
come rich  ;  but  the  term  was  also  applied  to 
small  farmers  and  country  gentlemen  of  in- 
considerable property. 

FRANKLINE.    The  bird  godwit.    (Span.) 

FRANK-POSTS.  The  piles  of  a  bridge,  hut,  or 
other  building.  Line. 

FKANSEY.     A  frenzy.     Palsyraw. 

FRANT.    To  be  careful.  Somerset. 

FRANY.    Very  ill-tempered.    West. 

FRAP.  (1)  To  brag,  or  boast.    North. 

(2)  To  fall  into  a  passion.  Lane.    Also,  a  \  iolenfc 
gusf  of  rage.  Frope,  Langtoft,  p.  320,  tumult, 
disturbance  ? 

(3)  To  strike,  or  beat.    (Fr.)    See  Nares,  and 
Richard  Coer  de  Lion,  2513,  4546. 

FRAPE.  (1)  Company,  or  body  of  persons.    See 
Troilus  and  Creseide,  iii.  4  L  1. 
Fyijhttez  with  alle  the  fi-n^ie  a  furlange  of  waye, 
Felled  feleappone  fdde  whh  hts  faire  wapcnf1. 

MwtvAi'tfiUie,  J/tf.  Li,  win,  f.  73. 

(2)  To  reprove,  or  scold.    Knit. 

FRAPED.  Drawn,  or  fixed  tight.    Dwtm.   Sec 

Bourne's  Inventions  or  Devises,  157H,  N"o,  1-1. 
FRAPLE.    To  bluster.    "  Coatrowle  you  once, 

then  you  begin  to  fraple"  Asluuole's  Theat. 

Chein.  Brit.  1052,  p.  324.     Heace/rqyfcr,  a 

blustering  fellow,  Ben  Jonson,  ii.  &13.  incor- 

rectly explained  by  Giltbrd  and  Nares. 
TRAPPING.     Fretful.     Somerset.     KenucU, 

MS.  Lansd.  1033,  hasy  rappish. 
FRAPS.    Noise  ;  tumult.    Craven.    Aho,  a  per- 

son who  boasts  much. 
FRARY.    Fraternity.    (//.-#.)    See  Lydgatefa 

Minor  Poems,  p.  164  ;  Leg.  Cath.  p.  196, 
FRASCHED.    Bruised  ;  cut  to  pieces. 
FRASE.  (1)  To  break.     Norf. 

(2)  A  froize,  or  pancake.     Kennrft. 

For  fritters,  pancakes,  and  for  fMiysrx, 
For  venison  pasties,  and  miast  pies. 

H<\w  to  CtuxiMit  a  (j<ittd  Wifet  J 

(3)  To  fray,  or  quarreL    Cwmb. 
FRASH.    An  alehouse  bush,  or  sign. 
FRASHIN.    To  creak.     Pr.  Parv. 
FRASLING-.    The  perch.     Chmh. 
FRAST.     Same  as  Vraiste,  q.  v. 
FRAT.    Gnawed;  devoured.    (A.-S.) 

For  he  ne  myjte  no  lenger  forihe  prolottge 
The  venym  bid  th*t  frat  «>  at  h!»  Ncrt«'. 


FRATCH.    To  scold;  to  quarrel;  to  sport,  or 
frolic  ;  a  quanrel,  or  braw  I  ;  a  playful  chjltl  j  a 


FEE 


37D 


FEE 


rude  quarrelsome  fellow.    Fratchedj  restive, 

vicious,  applied  to  a  horse.  Fratcher,  a  scold ; 

one  who  brags  much.     North. 
FRATER.    A  person  -who  solicited  alms  under 

the  pretence  of  their  being  for  an  hospital, 

Fraternitye  of  Yacabondes,  1575. 
FRATER-HOUSE.     The  refectory  or  hall  in  a 

monastery.     SeeDavies'  Ancient  Rites,  1672, 

pp.   7,  124,  126.    Also  called  the  fratery. 

Spelt/roster  in  Bale's  Kynge  Johan,  p.  27. 
FRATISHED.  Perished;  half-frozen;  benumbed 

with  cold.     North. 
FilATOUR.     The  Frater-house,  q.  v. 

A  temperance  servede  in  thefratour,  thatscho  to 

ylkone  so  lukes  that  mesure  be  over  alle,  that  none 

over  mekille  nere  over  lyttUle  ete  ne  drjuke. 

MS.  Lincoln  A.i  1 7,  f.  2?3. 
FRAUD.    To  defraud.    Park. 
FRAUGHTE.    To  freight  a  ship.     (A.-S.) 
F1UU1L     Fraught.     Langtoft,  p.  74. 
FRAUNGE.    To  fling;  to  wince.    Also,  a  merry 

frolic.     Craven. 

FRAUNSE.    A  phrase.    Hooper. 
FRAUZY.    Frisky;  pettish.    Line. 
FRAU3T.    Freighted.     Will  Werw. 
FRAWL.    To  ravel  silk,  &c.    Suffolk. 
FRAWN.    Frozen.    East. 
FRAY.  (1)  To  frighten ;  to  terrify.  North.   Also 

a  substantive,  fright. 

Whenne  Jacob  was  moost  in  frayt 
God  him  counfortide,  that  al  do  may. 
Cursor  Mundi,  MS.  Coll.  Ti  in.  Cantab,  f.  30. 

(2)  A  deer  was  said  to  fray  her  head,  when  she 
rubbed  it  against  a  tree  to  renew  it,  or  to  caube 
the  pills,  or  frayings,  of  her  new  horns  to  come 
olF.    See  Ben  Jont>on,  vi.  255. 

(3)  To  attack;  to  quarrel.    Also  an  attack  or 
aitray.    North.    See  Candlemas-day,  p.  15  ; 
Ritson's  Ancient  Songs,  i.  144;  Arch.  xxx. 
383  ;  Degrevant,  484. 

For  swylke  gud  ladyse, 

Tliis  castelle  to  fiayo.  MS.  Lincoln  A.  i.  17,  f.  132. 

(4)  To  crack,  or  break.    Norf. 
FRAYINGS.     See  Fray  (2). 
FRAYMENT.     A  fright.     Chaloner. 
FRAYTHEL Y.     Quickly ;  suddenly  ? 

Kyng  Froderikt1  of  Vxwfraythely  thare-aftyre 
Frayncg  at  the  false  mane  of  owre  ferse  knyghtf. 
MorteArthure,  MS.  Lincoln,  f.  93. 

FRAZE.    Half  a  quarter  of  a  sheet  of  paper. 

North. 
FRAZLE.  To  unravel  or  rend  cloth.    Frazliiiyit, 

threads  of  cloth  torn  or  unravelled.    East. 
FRAZY.    Mean;  miserly.   Line. 
FRE.    Noble;  liberal.    (4.-S.)    The  substan- 

tive  is  sometimes  understood. 

He  lovede  almous  dede> 
Povre  folke  for  to  fede ; 
Of  mete  was  he  fre* 

MS,  Wnwft*  A.  $.  17,  f.  130. 

PREAM.  Arable  or  ploughed  land  that  lias  been 

too  much  worked. 
FREAMING.    Said  of  tfoe  noise  a  boar  makes  at 

ratting-time.    Gent.  Rec.  ii.  76* 
FKEAT.    Damage;  decay.     Craven.    Ascham 

applies  the  term  to  a  weak  place  in  a  bow  or 

arrow,  which  U  likely  to  give  way* 


FREATHED.    Wattled,    ttevon. 

FREATS.   The  iron  hoops  about  the  nave  of  a 

cart-wheel.    North. 
FRECKENS.     Freckles.     East.    "  Frecken  or 

freccles  in  ones  face,"  Palsgrave. 
FREDDE.     Freed ;  loosened.   Kyng  Horn,  589. 
FREDE.    To  feel.    (4.-S.) 

And  eek  the  goddis  ben  v  en  j  able, 
And  that  a  man  may  ryjt  wel/recte. 

Cower,  MS.  Soc.  Antiq.  134,  f.  126. 

FREDOM.    Generosity.   (4.-S.) 

FREEDOM.  At  tops,  a  top  being  pegged  out  of 
the  ring,  its  owner  gives  one  spin  as  a  chance 
to  his  adversaries.  This  is  called  &  freedom. 

FREED-STOOL.  A  seat  or  chair  in  churches 
near  the  altar,  to  which  offenders  fled  for  sanc- 
tuary, as  their  last  and  most  sacred  refuge 
One  at  Beverly  is  described  in  Brome's  Travels, 
ed.  1700,  p.  153. 

FREEHOLDANDE.    Freeholder.     Weter. 

FREELEGE.    Privilege ;  freedom.    North. 

FREE  LI-FRAILY.  Anything  light,  unsubstan- 
tial,  or  frivolous.  East. 

FREELNES.    Frailty.    (4.-N.) 

Mercy  lon^eth  to  the  be  kynde, 

Of  myfitetnes  thou  wylt  have  mynde. 

MS.  Cantab.  Ff.ii.38,  f .  J 

FREEM.    Handsome.    Yorfoh. 

FREE-MARTIN.  If  a  cow  has  twin  calves  of  dif 
ferent  sexes,  the  female  is  termed  a  free-mar- 
tin, and  is  said  never  to  breed,  jfar.  dial. 

FREEMEN-SONGS.  A  name  formerly  given  to 
ballads  of  a  lively  description. 

FREENDESSE.    A  female  friend.    Babcr. 

FREENDFULLE.    Friendly.    Pr.  Pan. 

FREER.    A  friar.    Sfalton. 

FREES.     Frail;  brittle.    Pr.  Parv. 

FREESPOKEN.    Affable.     Var.  dial 

FREEST.    Most  noble.    Gawayne. 

FREET.  (1)  Devoured.    Weber. 

(2)  A  spectre ;  a  frightful  object.    North. 

FRE-HERTYD.    Liberal    Pr.  Parv. 

FREISER.    The  strawberry  plant. 

FREIST.  To  freeze;  to  cool.  (/*.-£)  See  Lang- 
toft's  Chron.  p.  175.  To  seek,  ib.  p.  119. 

FREISTES.    Fraughts.    Hearne. 

FREITUR.  Thefrater-housc,q.v.  See  Wright's 
Pol.  Songs,  p.  331 ;  St.  Brandan,  p.  13. 

FREK.  Quick ;  eager ;  hasty ;  firm  ;  powerful ; 
brave.  See  Minot's  Poems,  pp.  2, 15  ;  Thorn- 
ton Romances,  pp.  234,  292. 

We  hafe  foughtene  in  faithe  by  jone  fresche  strande*, 

With  thsfrekkeste  folke  that  to  tin  foolangez. 

Morte  Arthuret,  MS.  Lincoln ,  f*& 
Thay  faghte  thanso/^fcty, 
Thare  wisto  tmne  wittcrly 
Wha  solde  hafe  the  mayrtry. 

jyf-S.  Lincoln  A.  S.  17r  f.  131 

FREKE.    Man;  fellow.    (J.-&) 
Thane  folous  frekly  one  fate  frskket  y-uewe, 
And  of  the  Rcxraayiw  arrayed  appone  ryche  stedcs. 
Xfovte  Arthw6>  MS.  Lincoln,  f.  67. 

F&EKENYS*    fwsdaes*   Arab.  xxx.  407. 
FIU3LE.   FraSl.     (uA-M) 

Tbyt  worhle  hyt  y»  Mle  fekylle  and  frete> 

AUt^tay  WcUiy  hft  wylle  enpayr®. 

M$,  Cantab.  Ft  ii.  38,  f.  40. 


FEE 


380 


FfiE 


FRELETE.    Frailty,    (A.-V.)    Freletese,  frail- 
ties, Life  of  Alexander,  MS.  Lincoln,  f.  21. 

If  it  so  be  that  a  synful  mon  that  5!!  is  greved  with 
fteleti  of  flesche  denyet.  not  his  childer. 

MS,  Egrrton  842,  f.  53 

FRELICHE,    Noble.    (A.-S.) 

With  prophetes  and  patriarkes,  and  apostiys  fulle 


face  that  fourmede  us  alle. 
Morte  Ai  thui  e,  MS.  Lincoln,  f.  93. 

FRELNES.    Frailty.    Cov.  Myst.  p.  108. 
FRELY.    Noble.    (.*.-&) 

Schoes /re/.y  and  faire, 
And  tlie  erls  avrae ayere. 

MS*  Lincoln  A.  i.  17,  f.  132. 

FREM.  (1)  Same  as  Frim,  q.  v. 

(2)  Strange ;  foreign ;  unknown.     Frem'd  per- 

,wns,frem  folks,  strangers.    North.     "  With 

fremid  and  sibbe,"  Wrjght's  Pol.  Songs,  p. 

202,  a  proverbial  phiase  occurring  also  in 

Rob.  Glouc.  p.  346,    "  Sybbe  or  fremmede," 

MS.  Lincoln,  f.  194.    It  there  means  simply 

not  related,  as  in  Amis  and  Amiloun,  1999  ; 

but  it  implies  sometimes  a  feeling  of  enmity. 

The  sexte  commandment  forbeddcs  us  to  synne 
or  for  to  foly  fleschely  with  any  womane,  owther 
sybbe  or  frrmmede,  wedde  or  umvedde.  or  any 
fli-schely  knawyngi;  or  dede  have  with  any. 

MS.  Lincoln  A.i.  I7,f.21i. 
FREME.    To  perform.    Havelok,  441. 
FREMEDLY.   As  a  stranger. 

Ffemedly  the  Fran:he  tung  fey  es  belefede. 

Moitedithuie,  MS,  Lincoln,  f.  66. 

FRENCH.  (1)  The  name  of  a  dish  described  in 

Forme  of  Cury,  p.  40. 

(2)  Very  bad ;  in  great  trouble.    East. 

(3)  An  old  term  for  the  lues  venerca. 
FRENCH-AND-ENGLISH.    A  children's  game 

mentioned  by  Moor,  p.  238. 
FRENCH-BRUSH.     A  brush  used  for  rubbing 

horses  down.    Gent.  Rec.  ii,  11. 
FRENCH-CROWN.    The  crown  of  a  French- 

man's  head;  a  piece  of  French  money ;  the 

baldness  produced  by  the  lues  venerea.    This 

term  was  a  favourite  subject  for  puns  with  some 

of  our  old  dramatists. 
FRENCH-CRUST.    The  lues  venerea. 
FRENCHIFIED.  Havingthe  French-crust,  q.v. 
FRENCHMAN.    Any  man  of  any  country  who 

cannot  speak  English.    East*     Bracton  uses 

the  term  in  a  similar  sense.    See  Jacob,  in  v. 
FRENCH-NUT.    A  walnut.    West. 
FRENCH-PIE.     Meat  stewed   between    two 

dishes.    See  Florio.  p.  85. 
FREND.    Asked.     Gawayne. 
FRENDELESER.    More  friendless.     (A.-8.) 
FRENDREDE.    Friendship.     Welter. 
FRENDSBURIE-CLUBS.    An  old  byword,  the 

origin  of  which  is  explained  in  Lambarde's 

Perambulation,  1596,  p.  368. 
FRENETIKE.     Frantic.    (A.-N.)    "  Frenetical 

madnes,"  Hall,  Henry  VII.  f.  32. 
FRENNE.     A  stranger.     See  Frem  (2).     « An 

ah'ene,  a  forraine,  a  frenne,"  Florio,  p.  19. 

"  Frenned  child,"  Palsgrave.     It  occurs  also 
1  in  Spenser.  Hence,  perhaps,/ry?i?W^?  strange, 


Chester  Plays,  i.  48,  where  MS.  Bodl.   175 

reads  frenish,  and  some  editors  fraaikish. 
FRENSEIE.    A  frenzy.    (A.-N.) 
FRENZY.    Frolicsome.     Leic. 
FREQUENCE.      Frequency.     See   Hej wood's 

Royall  King,  1637,  epilogue. 
FREQUENT.    Currently  reported.     (Lat.) 
FRERE.    A  friar ;  brother.     (-/.-iV.)     "  Thoru 

frerene  rede,"  i.  e.  through  friars*  counsels, 

Rob.  Glouc.  Chron.  p.  545. 
FRES.    Question,  or  doubt.  "  Nofrcs,"  Towne- 
*  ley  Mysteries,  p.  291. 
FRESCADES.    Cool  refreshments.    (/*>.)    To 

walk  in  fresco,  i.  e.  in  the  cool. 
FRESCHEUR.    Freshness,     (tfr.) 

The  fretichmtr  of  the  feme  was  moderately  cooling, 
and  the  sent  of  It  is  very  gratefull  to  tho  brain  e. 

Aubrey's  Wilts*  Jtoya/  Soc.  J/jS.  p.  120. 

FRESCHYD.    Refreshed. 

And  depe  at  the  wellys  groumle, 

The  water  hym  feewhmi  that  was  cokie. 

MS  Cantab.  Ff.  ii.  38,  f.  115. 

FRESE.     Frozen.     Hearne. 

FRESEE.  A  dish  in  ancient  cookery  made  of 
pork,  chickens,  and  spices. 

FRESH.  (1)  Intoxicated.  Var.  dial  Some- 
times, excited  with  drinking ;  aad  in  Uic  Lie 
of  Wight,  sober. 

(2)  An  overflow  or  swelling  of  a  river;  a  Hood  ; 
a  thaw.     North.    Kennett  gives*  it  HS  n  Kent 
word,  "  a  little  stream  or  river  nigh  the  sea." 
See  Harrison,  p.  58. 

(3)  Brisk  ;  vigorous  ;  quick.     J'ar,  (llaL 

(4)  Rather  fat,  applied  to  catllo.     We&t. 

(5)  To  take  refreshment ;  to  reinstall.  1  n  Ulwiu-rr, 
and  still  in  use  in  the  Isle  of  Wight. 

(6)  Gay  in  dress.     Q,tran.    "  I  make  JVcshhi4,  ;> 
acointe"    Palsgrave.     Haiidsoinc,   beautiful. 
Gower's  Conf.  Ainantia. 

7)  Rainy.     North. 
'8)  Unripe.     Somerset. 
FRESH-DRINK.    Small  beer.    far.  <lirtl. 
FRESHEN.    To  enlarge  in  the  udder,  &c.  pre- 
vious to  calving.    North. 
FRESHER.    A  small  frog.    East. 
FRESH-LIQUOR.    Unsalted  hog's  fat.  7/>,vf. 
FRESHMAN.  A  student  at  an  university  during 
his  first  term.   Middleton,  iv.  51,  has  fwsh- 
woman,  a  word  coined  in  a  similar  sense. 
FRESLILY.    Fiercely.    Will.  Jl'erw. 
FRESONE.    A  Friesland  horse.    (/jf.-5.) 

Bot  afrcke  alle  in  fyne  golde,  and  fri'tted  In  sallc, 
Come  forthermaste  on  a.  f  wane  5n  ftau'rcumlc  wt"l«i, 
Sfofte  drtftwv,  MS.  Lincoln,  f.  (?7. 
FRESSE.    Fresh;  quick.     Hearae. 
FRESTE.  (1)  To  delay,  or  linger. 

Thorowc  pray  ere  of  those  gwitiUotnouc*, 
Twelve  wck  s  he  gaffe  liym  tliaue, 
Nolangc-re  wold  he/wtr<?. 

v  MS.  Lincoln  A,  1. 17,  f.  124. 
(2)  To  lend,  or  trust.  See  Reliq.  Antiq.  i.316  ; 
Tundale,  p.  3.  Freyt,  loan,  The  (r<v»dft  Wif 
thaught  hir  Daughter,  p.  13.  The  version  of 
this  poem  printed  in,  "  Certain^  Worthye 
Manuscript  Poeins  of  great  Antiquitie,  pre- 
served long  in  the  studie  of  a  NorthfbJkf  Citai* 


FEE 


381 


FBI 


1597,  leads  trusts.    Kennett,  MS, 
Lansd.  1033,  has,  "  Frist,  to  give  respite  for 
a  debt,  to  trust  for  a  time,  or  forbear."  North. 
Alle  that  they  take  now  to/K?.i£, 
Theiof  shal  God  take  a  quest 

MS.  Hail.  1701,  f.  37. 
FIIET.  (1)  To  lament,  or  grieve.     Var.  dial. 

(2)  A  narrow  strait  of  the  sea. 

(3)  To  ferment,  as  cider.    West. 

(4)  To  adorn.    (A.-S.)    The  term  fret  is  often 
found  in  early  writers  applied  to  ornamental 
work  of  various  kinds  and  in  many  different 
senses,  but  gc;  f-rally  to  any  work  that  roughens 
the  surface.     The  "  fret  of  gold"  in  Chaucer 
is  a  kind  of  cap  made  like  network,  and  any- 
thing of  the  kind  was  said  to  \>Q  fret  ted  when 
the  gems  were  placed  crosswise  in  alternate 
directions,  or  interlaced.    A  fret  of  pearls, 
i.  e.  a  coronet,  Test.  Vetust.  p.  135.    A  frilled 
shirt  was  said  to  he  fretted.      A   pair  of 
boots,  temp.  John,  are  described  as  being  or- 
namented with  circles  of  fretwork,  meaning 
probably  embroidered  with  circles  intersecting 
each  other.   See  Strutt,  ii.  48.  In  architecture 
it  was  applied  to  embossed  work  or  minute 
caning.  Oxf.  Gloss.Arch.  p.  175.  Kennett  has, 
"frett-worfc,  the  more  curious  way  of  plaister- 
ing  a  roof  or  ceiling." 

(5)  To  graze,  as  animals.    West. 

(C)  A  wicker  basket.   Somerset. 

(7)  Tore  up.    Will.  Wew. 

FRETCHETY.  Fretful  ;  peevish  ;  hot  ;  fidgetty  ; 

old  ;  brittle.     West. 
FRETE.  (1)  To  eat,  or  devour. 
to  eat  aw  ay  as  a  corrosive. 

For  dretle  the  fyrmamcnt  sclmll  Icte, 
As  hyt  wolcle  mankynde  frete. 

MS.  Cantab.  Ff.  ii.  3tt,  f,  44. 
He  has  frctyne  of  folke  mo  thane  fyfe  hondrethe. 

Mwte  Artliwe,  M&  Lincoln,  f.  62. 

(2)  To  rub.  See  Holiushed,  Descr.  of  Scotland, 

p.  18.  Al&o,  to  blame,  or  scold. 
FUETJENT.  Frightened.  Cuwb. 
FRETISHING.  A  pain  and  stiffness  in  the 

limbs  arising  from  cold. 
FRETROTS.    A  sect  somewhat  similar  to  the 

Adamites.     Skinner. 
FRETS.    The  points  at  which  a  string  is  to  be 

stopped  in  a  lute  or  guitar,     llowell,  sect.  27. 
FRETTEN-      Spotted;    marked.      Var.    dial, 

"  Pocky  fretened,"  Palsgrave. 
FRETTING.  A  griping  in  th*  stomach  ;  a  writh- 

ing, or  turning  about. 
FREV,    From.    Used  whci.  «,ne  next  word  be- 

gins  with  a  vowel.    North. 
FREWIT.    Fruit.    Christmas  Carols,  p.  8. 
FREYHTE.    A  fright.    Pr.  Pan. 
FREYN.  (1)  An  old  term  for  the  ordure  of  the 

boar  or  wolf.  Dryden's  fwici,  p.  22. 
(2)  An  ash  tree.    (A.-N.} 
FREYNE.    To  ask.    (A.-S.) 

And  si  the  he  frm/ned  also  swtthe, 

How  fares  my  lady  bright®.     M$.&(trl£S&&lf£6. 

He  frej/ncd  tho  kyng  in  his  ere, 

What  lordis  that  thel  were 

That  fetondls  here  the  bye. 

MS.  Cvntttb.  Ff.  v.  48>f.  58, 


(4.-S.)    Also, 


FREYNS.  (1)  Bridles.    Finchale  Ch. 
(2)  French.     Lay  le  Freine,  225. 
FRIARS'-FLIES.     Idlers.     See  Northbrooke'fi 

Treatise,  1577,  pp.  43,  57.     "  Flen,  flyys,  and 

freris  populum  Domini  male  cacdunt,"  Reliq. 

Antiq.  i.  91.    Daddy-longlegs  are  so  called  in 

Somerset. 
FRIARS'-KNOTS.     Some  kind  of  tassels  used 

in  embroidery.     They  are  mentioned  in  Hall, 

Henry  VIII.  f.  80  ;  Privy  Purse  Expences  of 

the  Princess  Alary,  1831. 
FRIARS'-LOAVES.     Fossil  echini.     Suffolk. 
FRIARS'-PIECE.    The  piece  of  fat  in  a  leg  of 

mutton  called  the  pope's  eye. 
FRICACE.    A  kind  of  ointment  for  a  soi  e  place. 


FRICI1E.  Brisk ;  nimble  ;  quick.  Oxon.  Ko 
doubt  from  fryke,  q.  v. 

FRICKLE.  A  ba&kct  for  fruit  that  holds  about 
a  bushel.  Dean  Milles  MS. 

FRIDGE.     To  rub ;  to  fray.    North. 

FRIDLEYS.  The  name  of  certain  small  rents 
which  were  formerly  paid  to  the  lord  of  the 
great  manor  of  Sheffield  by  the  inhabitants  of 
the  Frith  of  Hawksworth  for  liberty  of  com- 
mon. Hunter,  p.  40. 

FRIE.    A  very  young  and  small  pike. 

FRIEND-BACK.    A  hang-nail.    North. 

FRIEZE.  A  coarse  narrow  cloth,  formerly 
much  in  use.  Garments  having  long  wool 
were  said  to  be  friezed. 

FRIGGE.  The  rump  of  beef  or  mutton.  Warw. 
Also,  to  warm  ;  to  fiddle-faddle,  or  meddle 
officiously;  to  wriggle. 

FRIGHTEN.    To  astonish.     West. 

FRIGHTFUL.    Fearful    Suffolk. 

FRILL.  (1)  The  cry  of  an  eagle. 

( 2)  To  turn  back  in  plaits.     Var.  dial. 

")  To  tremble,  or  shiver,  a  term  formerly  ap- 
plied to  hawks.  Diet.  Rust,  in  v. 

FRIM.  Vigorous;  thriving;  well-fed;  tender, 
or  brittle ;  fresh ;  quick  grown.  North.  It 
is  used  in  the  fir.it  sense  by  Drayton. 

FRIMICATE.  To  affect  delicacy ;  to  give  one's 
self  airs  about  trifles.  East. 

FRIMZY.     Slight ;  thin  ;  soft.     Kent. 

?RINE.   To  whine,  or  whimper.    North. 

FRIN  JEL.  That  part  of  a  flail  which  falls  on 
the  corn.  Suffolk. 

FRINNISIIY.    Over-nice.    JDevon. 

FRINNY.    To  neigh.     Lane. 

FRIPERER.  One  who  cleans  old  apparel  for 
sale ;  a  seller  of  old  clothes  and  rags ;  a  brokei. 
Called  also  a.fnjpfer  &i\(\fripper. 

FRIPPERY.  An  old  clothes  shop.  "  A  frip- 
pery of  old  raggcs,"  Florio,  p.  92. 

FRISE.  Friesland.  See  llom,  of  the  Rose, 
1093;  KyngAlisaunder,  1372. 

FR1SKET.  Thfl*  -whereon  the  paper  is  laid  to 
be  put  under  tlae  spindle  in  printing. 

FRISKIN.    A  gay  lively  person.    Liquor,  when 
fermenting  rapidly,  izfrhky. 
ISMST,    A  kind  of  small  ruffle. 

FRISSUKE.  A  dish  in  old  cookery,  composed 
cHiefly  of  hare, 


FRO 


382 


FRO 


FRIST.    Same  as  Fresfe  (2). 

FRISTELE,  A  flute.  (A.-N.)  Left -unexplained 
by  Rttson,  Met.  Rom.  i.  59. 

FRIT,  (1)  A  kind  of  pancake.    Line. 

(2)  A  fright.    Also,  frightened.     Var.  dial 

FRITCII.    Free ;  pleasant ;  sociable.    West. 

FRITFUL>    Timorous ;  fearful.     Warw. 

FRITH.  A  hedge,  or  coppice.  See  Will,  and 
the  Werwolf,  p.  30.  "  Also  there  is  difference 
between  the  fryth  and  the  fell ;  the  fels  are 
understood  the  mountains,  vallyes,  and  pas- 
tures with  corae,  and  such  like ;  the  frythes 
betoken  the  springs  and  coppyses,"  Noblft  Art 
ofVenerie.  1611,  p.  98.  Drayton  explains  it 
"  a  high  wood/'  a  sense  it  seems  to  bear  in 
Ywaine  and  Gawin,  157, 1688;  Minot,  p.  9  j 
Sir  Amadas,  546 ;  Cov.  Myst.  p.  264 ;  Piers 
Ploughman,  pp.  224,  241,  355  ;  Const.  Mas. 
6, 266 ;  Anturs  of  Arther,  i.  8,  iv.  10.  A  dis- 
tinction between  frith  and  wood  seems  to  be 
made  in  Will,  and  the  Werwolf,  p.  80,  "  out 

"  of  forest  and  frithes  and  alle  faire  wodes." 
Some  writers  explain  it  to  mean  "  all  hedge- 
wood  except  thorns,"  a  sense  still  used  in  the 
provinces ;  and  it  occurs  in  the  local  glossaries 
with  the  following  meanings, — unused  pas- 
ture land;  a  field  taken  from  a  wood;  young 
underwood;  brushwood.  Many  woods  in  Kent 
are  still  called  friths.  Frythed,  wooded,  Piers 
Ploughman,  p.  112.  "  Frith,  to  plash  a  hedge* 
Devon"  Dean  Milles MS. 

The  steward  sir  Gaymere, 
And  mony  gud  sqwyere, 
Thay  broght  hame  on  bere 
Fra  ftythis  uafayne. 

MS.  Linroln  A,  i.  17,  f.  137- 

FRITHE.    Peace.    (A.-S.*) 

FRITTERS.  Small  pancakes,  with  apples  in 
them.  Suffolk.  We  have  frytowre  in  Pr. 
Parv.p.  179,  translated  by  lagana,  which  was 
a  kind  of  pancake ;  and  the  term  fritter  occurs 
in  Elyot,  1559,  in  v.  Laganum.  See  also  a 
receipt  in  Ord.  and  Reg.  p.  449.  Frutour, 
Reliq.  Antiq.  i.  88.  "A  fritter  or  pancake  ; 
a  kind  of  bread  for  children,  as  fritters  and 
wafers,"  Baret,  1580,  F.  1137, 1138. 

FRITTING.    Fitting  and  fastening  the  felloes 

-    of  a  wheel.    Kennett. 

FRITTISH.    Cold.     Cumb. 

FRIZ.  Frozen.  Var.  dial  "Alibis  out,  can't  get 
no  groundsel."  Fres  occurs  in  Syr  Gawayne, 

FRIZADE.  Freize  cloth.  See  Arch.  xi.  92; 
Book  of  Rates,  p.  45. 

FRO.    From.   North.    See  Frow. 

FROATING.  Unremitting  industry.  Cumb. 
Jt  apparently  means  mendixff,  repairing,  Mid- 
dleton,  ii.  69. 

FROBICHER.  A  furbisher.  It  is  explained  by 
urigenator  in  Nominale  MS. 

FROBLY-MOBLY.    Indifferently  well.    Sussex. 

FROCK.  (1)  A  long  loose  garment  worn  by 
monks.  The  term  seems  also  to  have  been 
applied  to  a  kind  of  loose  coat.  See  Strutt, 
ii.  246 ;  Prompt.  Parv.  p.  179. 

(2)  A  frog.    Reliq.  Antiq.  ii.  80. 


FRODMORTELL.  A  free  pardon  for  murder 
or  manslaughter.  (A.-S.) 

Ilkan  of  this  stedessnl  have  pees 
Of  fj  odmortell  a.nd  II  deedes. 

Mwttut.  Anglic,  ii.  133. 
FROES.    Frows.     See  Frow. 
FROG.  (1)  Frog  in  the  middle,  a  well-known 
child's  game.     Frog  over  an  old  dog,  leap- 
frog, list  of  games,  Rawl.  MS. 

(2)  Part  of  a  horse's  foot.     Wore. 

(3)  A  monk's  frock.     See  Frock  (1). 
FROGGAM.    A  slattern.     Yorte/i. 
FROGON.    A  poker.    (^.-2V.) 
FROG-SPIT.     Same  as  Cuckoo-spit,  q.  v. 
FROICE.    See/<W&(l). 

He  routeth  with  a  slepy  noyce, 
And  brusteleth  as  a  monkis  froice. 

Gower,  MS,  Sec.  Antiq.  134,  f.  121. 

FROISE.  (1)  To  spread  thin.    Suffolk. 

(2)  A  large  kind  of  pancake,  of  the  full  size  of 
the  frying-pan,  and  of  considerable  thickness ; 
so  thick  as  sometimes  to  contain  small  pieces 
of  bacon  mixed  and  fried  with  the  batter, 
when  it  is  called  a  bacon-froize.  East.  The 
ancient  froise  "was  like  a  pancake  in  form,  but 
composed  of  different  materials. 

FROKIN.    A  little  frow,  q.v. 

FROM.     Away  from.     ShaJc. 

FROME.  Attefrome,  at  the  first,  immediately, 
above  all  things.  See  Atte-pome  /  Gy  of  War- 
wike,  p.  2 ;  Beves  of  Hamtoun,  p.  54. 

FROMMARD.  An  iron  instrument  to  rentl  or 
split  laths.  West. 

FROMMET.    From.    Salop. 

FROMON  DE.    Part  of  the  armour  ? 

Fulle  butt  in  the  frunt  the  fjorno fide  he  hitter, 
That  the  burnyscht  blade  to  the  braync  rynuw,. 
Jtforte  Arthwe,  MS.  Lincoln*  f.  OM 

FRON.    From.    Towneley  Myst.  p.  106. 

FRONST.    Wrinkled.     (^/.-M) 

FRONT.  The  forehead.  Maundevile,  p.  203. 
Hence,  to  butt,  as  rams  do.  To  front  vj),  to 
bind  the  hair  with  a  fillet. 

FRONTAL.  A  piece  of  armour  for  the  forehead 
of  a  horse.  Spelt  fronstall  in  the  Nomen- 
clator,  1585,  p.  251.  Also  as  Front itr,  <{.  v, 

FRONTIER.  A  hanging  which  covered  the  front 
of  an  altar.  It  was  often  highly  decorated, 
and  the  arms  of  the  family  who  presented  it 
were  sometimes  emblazoned  thereon.  Frow* 
tore,  Test.  Vetust.  p,  81.  The  front  of  a  build- 
ing was  also  so  called.  See  Roquefort,  in  v. 
Frontiere.  Shakespeare  uses  the  term  for 
front  or  border  in  1  Hen.  IV.  i.  3. 

FRONTLET,  A  forehead-band.  See  Nomcn- 
clator,  p.  251 ;  Lilly,  ed.  1632,  sig,  T.  viii. 

FRONSTEAD.    A  farm-yard.     Yorteh, 

FROOM.    Strong;  healthy,     Glouc. 

FRORE.  Frozen.  Froare,  Ashmole's  Theat 
Chem.  Brit.  1652,  pp.  19, 54.  Frory,  frosty? 
froathy,  in  Spenser. 

FRORING.    Help;  aid;  assistance.    (^.-S.) 

FRORT,    Forward.     Ch&h, 

FROSH.  A  frog;.  North.  Oftener  pronounced 
frosL  See  Towneley  Myst  p.  62;  Reynard 
the  Foxe,  p.  48 ;  Arch*  xxx.  373,  where  it  it 


FRO 


383 


FRU 


stated  that  the  herb  vervain  is  called  frossis 
because  its  leaves  are  "  lyke  the  frossys  fet." 
(A.-S.)    tl  Rana,  a  frosche,"  Nominate  MS. 
HJS  frount  and  his  forhevede  alle  was  it  over 
As  the  felle  of  nfroske,  and  fraknedc  it  semede. 

Not  te  Ai-thwe,  MS.  Lincoln,  f.  G4. 
See  we  not  thefioxshrs  and  unclene  wormesgcu- 
drid  of  powder  of  the  erthe  in  standynge  watris  and 
pittes  cryyngp  in  hir  maner. 

Canton's  Diners  Fruitful  Ghostly  Maters. 
FROSLING.    Any  thing,  as  a  plant  or  animal, 
nipped  or  injured  by  frost.     Suffolk.      See 
Skelton,  ii.  173. 

FROST.  To  turn  down  the  hinder  part  of 
horse's  shoes  in  frosts,  to  present  their  slip- 
ping. Fast. 

FROST-CETCHEN.    Frost-bitten.    Salop. 
FROSTED.    Frozen.     Devon. 
FROST-NAILS.     Nails  with  heads  sharp  filed 
put  in  horse's  shoes  to  prevent  their  slipping 
in  frosty  weather.    Var.  dial. 
FROTE.    To  rub.     (A.-N.) 

Turne  up  the  forches,  and  fn>te  them  with  blood. 

Books  of  Hunting,  1586. 

FROTERER.    One  who  rubs.    Marston. 
FROTH.    Tender.    Tusscr,  p.  86. 
FROTHER.    To  feed.    Line. 
FROTY.    Forty.    Skelton,  ii.  274. 
FROUER.    To  favour  ;  to  aid.     (^.-£)    "Help 

and  frouer"  Leg.  Cath.  p.  52. 
FROUGH.      Loose;  spongy;  brittle;  tender. 

Var.  dial     Short,  crisp,  applied  to  wood, 

bread,  &c. 
FROUNCE.   (1)  A  disease  in  hawks,    which 

attacks  the  mouth  and  palate,  so  that  they 

cannot  close  the  beak.     See  Keliq.  Antiq. 

i.  204  ;  Diet.  Rust,  in  v. 

(2)  To  wrinkle.    Also,  to  frown.    As  a  substan- 
tive, a  frown  or  wrinkle.    In  later  writers,  to 
curl  or  twist. 

With  that  Bche/nwneeMupthebrow, 
This  coveuatint  y  wille  alowe 

Gotvtn;  M&  Soc.  Antiq.  134,  f.  48. 
May  hire  so  that  he  pronounce 
A  playue  good  worde,  wkhoute  frortncf. 

Gvww,  MS.  IWd,  f.  63. 
The  frovmtfiounsfth  that  was  shene. 
The  nese  droppeth  ofte  bitwene. 

Curttor  Mundif  MS.  Coll.  Trin.  Cantab,  f.  23. 

(3)  A  flounce,  in  dress.    Nares. 

(4)  An  irregular  or  wrinkled  kind  of  ornament 
on  a  cup.     Pr,  Parv. 

FROUNTELLE.    A  frontlet. 
With  tfnwtfalto  endent, 
With  perleof  orywat.  MS,  Unctdn,  A.  i.  17,  f.  133. 

FROUNTY.    Very  passionate.     Line. 

FROUSE.    To  rumple.    South. 

FROUST.    A  musty  smelJL     Var.  dial, 

FROUZE.    To  carl.    Bono,  p.  247. 

PROUZY.  Fro  ward;  peevish ;  crnsty.  In  Kent, 
it  signifies  anything  disordered  and  offensive 
to  the  eye  or  smell.  Kennett,  MS.  Laasd, 

PROW.  (1)  A  woman.  (Dui.)  The  term  is  still 
in  use  in  the  North  of  England  for  a  dirty 
woman,  a  slattern,  a  lusty  woman.  "  JbiciUa, 
a  miskin  fro,"  Nonaeaclaior,  1585,  pv  518. 


See  Harrison's  England,   p.    177;    Patient 
Grissel,  p.  48. 
'2)  Same  as  FrougJi,  q.  v. 
'3)  Fickle ;  wicked  ? 

Thoghe  the  prest  befals  or  fiow, 
The  messe  ys  ever  gode  y-now 

a/&  HaH,  IJOl,  f.  16. 

(4)  Hasty ;  hastily.    MS.  Ha^,  913. 
FROWARD.  (1)  Averse.     (A.-S.) 
(2)  From.    Torrent  of  Portugal,  p.  41. 
FROWARDES.     Frowardness.     Skelton. 
FROWDIE.    A  dirty  woman.    North. 
FRO  WE  R.    Same  as  Frommard,  q.  v. 
FROWRINGE.    Froward.    See  the  Romance  of 

Octavian,  Oxf.  1809,  p.  59. 
FROWY.     Stale ;  not  sweet.    East.    Applied  to 

grass  in  Spenser. 

FROWYTE.  Fruit.  Froytez,  Morte  Aiihure, 
MS.  Lincoln,  f.  87. 

He  pressede  to  pulle /rotate  with  his  hande, 
Als  mane  for  fude  that  was  ncre  faynt. 

True  Thomas)  MS.  Lincoln,  f.  150. 

Thonour  in  Octobyr  sygnyfyes  that  same  jere 

grete  wyndys  and  grete  skantenesse  of  cornnys,  and 

lytylle  frowytese  on  trees  MS.  Lincoln  A.  i.  17,  f  60 

FRUJB.    To  rub,  or  furbish.   Florio,  p.  25. 

FRUCE.     Fruit.    Pr.  Parv. 

FRUCTUOUS.    Fruitful ;  pleasant.     (^.-JV.) 
It  was  joie  for  to  here  and  see 
The'fi'itctuous  talkyng  that  he  had  to  me. 

MS.  Rawl.  C.  86. 

FRUE.     True ;  faithful,    lino. 

FRUGAL.     Relaxed.     Norfolk. 

FRUGGAN.  (1)  A  curved  iron  scraper  with 
which  ashes  in  an  oven  are  stirred.  North. 
"An  oven-forke,  tearmed  in  Lincolnshire  a 
fntffffin,  wherewith  fuell  is  both  put  into  an 
oven,  and  stirred  when  it  is  (on  fire)  in  it," 
Cotgrave,  in  v.  Fowrgon. 

(2)  A  slovenly  woman.    North. 

FRUIT.    Apples.    Heref, 

FRUITESTERE.  A  female  seller  of  frnit. 
Chaucer. 

FRUM.  Early;  before  its  time;  numerous; 
thick ;  firm  -,  rank ;  overgrown.  West.  Also 
as  Frim,  q.  v. 

FRUMENTY.  Hulled  wheat  boiled  in  milk,  and 
seasoned  with  cinnamon,  sugar,  &c.  Ancient 
recipes  for  it,  differing  from  each  other,  occur 
in  the  Forme  of  Cury,  pp.  91 , 1 2 1 .  See  Reliq, 
Antiq.  i.  88.  "  Frumeutec  noble,"  MS.  Morte 
Arthure,  f.  55.  A  person  in  a  dilemma  is  said 
to  be  in  a  frumenty  sweat. 

FRUMP,  (1)  A  lie.  "  To  tell  one  a  lie,  to  give 
a  frump,"  Hollyband,  1593.  To  fnxmp  up  a 
tale,  i.  c.  to  invent  one. 

(2)  To  be  rude ;  to  mock ;  to  rebuke.    Also,  a 
sarcastic  taunt ;  a  toss  uidej-  tbe  chin ;  a  flout, 
or  mock*    "  To  fnmaj>  oae,  to  take  one  up 
hastily,  to  speak  akwrt,"  Ketmett  MS.    "  So 
merry  in  yow  Cramps/*  Locriae,  p.  54.    See 
Horio,  pp.  52,  72 ;  Stanihurst,  p,  34 ;  Holiii- 
shed,  Chron.  Ireland,  p,  80. 

(3)  A  cross  old  woman ;  a  gossip.     Var.  dial* 
Also,  to  go  about  gossipping. 

(4)  T0  ooDaptei  without  cause.    Lane. 


FUG 


384 


FUL 


FRUMPISH.  Scornful;  contemptuous;  peev- 
ish ;  froward.  Var.  dial 

FRUMPLE.  To  wrinkle ;  to  crumple ;  to  ruffle, 
or  disorder,  far.  dial. 

FRUMPY,     Same  as  Frumpish,  q.  v. 

FRUNDELE.    Two  pecks.    North. 

FRUNT.     To  affront.    Somerset. 

FRUNTELEY.     Same  as  Frontier,  q.  v. 

FRUS.    Fruit.    Somerset. 

FRUSH.  (1)  To  bruise;  to  indent ;  to  break,  or 
dash  to  pieces.  See  Florio,  p.  24 ;  Kyng ;  Ah- 
saunder,  18U  j  Stamhurst,  p  29 ;<  Horn 
Childe,  p.  303.  To  flush  a  chicken,  i.  e,  to 

(2)  To  rash  violently.    See  Maundevile,  p.  238  ; 
Degrevant,  1087, 

&-uschene  on  alle  thefrape,  andbierties  affrayede. 
Mm  te  Ai  thui  ef  MS.  Lincoln,  f  83 

(3)  Said  of  wood  that  is  apt  to  break  and  splin- 
ter.   North. 

(4)  To  rub,  or  scrub.     Line.  p 

(5)  To  set  the  feathers  of  an  arrow  upright,  bee 
Nares,  in  v. 

FRUSTICAL.    Festive.    Bads. 
FRUTINON.    Now  and  then.    East. 
FKUTTACE.      A    fritter.      Yorfoh.     Hence 

Fmttace-Wednesday,  Ash-Wednesday,  when 

fritters  were  eaten, 
FRWARD.     Forward.     Percy. 
FRTJ3T.    Fruit.    Apol.  Loll.  p.  4. 
FRY.  (1)  A  drain.     Wilts. 

(2)  Young  children.    Salop.  Antiq.  p.  434.      lo 
the  and  to  thi  fry,"  i.  e.  seed,  or  progeny, 
Towneley  My*t.  p.  24.     "  A  great  Me  of 
young  children,"  Kennett,  MS.  Lansd.  1033. 

(3)  The  pluck  of  a  calf.     North. 

(4)  Free ;  noble.    "  That  child  that  was  so  £17, 
Rembrun,  p.  424.    G*.-£) 

FRYCE.     Freize  cloth.     Borde. 
FKYKE.  (1)  Fresh ;  active ;  lusty.     See  Chron. 
Vilod.  p  89 ;  Lydgate's  Minor  Poems,  p.  230  ; 
Prompt.  Parv.  pp.  100, 179. 
Thys  day  a  man  ys  fresche  and  fryfa, 
And  schewyth  forthe  a  gladly  chere. 

MS.  Cantab.  Ff.  ii.  38,  f.  19. 
Whan  the  theves  deden  hytn  wounds, 
The  feendys  y  lycken  to  the  doggys  /r#Ve. 

MS.  Ibid,  f .26. 

(2)  To  go,  or  move  hastily. 
FRYSOXJN.   AFrieslander.   (4.-S.) 

He  56de  and  solde  hym  for  raunsoun, 
At  London  to  a  "Ftysoun.  MS.  Hart.  1701,  f.  70 
FRYTE.    Fnut.      See  Const.   Mason,  p.  33 ; 

Tundale's  Visions,  p.  65. 
FU,     Full     Rit&on. 
FUANTS.    The  dung  of  the  wolf,  fox,  marten, 

or  badger.     Twici,  p,  22. 
FUATTEJO.    Flatted.     Weber. 
FU13.  (1)  To  put  off;  to  deceive.    At  marbles, 

an  irregular  mode  of  projecting  the  taw  by  an 

effort  of  the  whole  hand,  instead  of  the  thumb 

only.    See  Moor,  p.  138. 
(2)  A  small  fat  child.    North. 
FUCKSAIL/  The  fore-sail.     (Germ.) 
FUCKWIND.    A  species  of  hawk.    North. 
FUCUS,    Paint  for  the  complexion,  formerly 


much  used  by  ladies,  and  composed  frequently 
of  highly  injurious  mineral  poisons.  Fucuses 
for  ladies,"  Strode's  Floating  Island,  sig.  C. 

FUD.  (1)  The  tail  of  a  hare.    North. 

(2)  To  kick  with  the  feet.     Craven. 

FUDDAH.     Further.    East. 

FUDDER.     As  much  as  a  two-horse  cart  \\  ill 
contain  ;  a  fotlier.     North. 

FUDDIN.    A  kick.     Craven. 

FUDDLE.     To  intoxicate  fish;  to  indulge  in 
drink.     Var.  dial 

FUDDLED.    Bothered.     Dorset. 

FUDE,  (1)  Man  ;  person.    See  Fode.    In  use  in 
De\on,  according  to  Mite  MS. 
Andals  I  am  maydene  trewe  and  gent, 
If  ^e  be  botbe  at  one  assent, 
I  fayle  the  for  na/wrff.  MS.  Lincoln  A.I.  17,  f.  13!>. 

(2)  Food.    Perceval,  1326. 

FUDGE.  (1)  A  little  fat  person.    North. 

(2)  To  poke  with  a  stick.    Suffolk.    The  term 
seems  to  be  metaphorically  used  by  Fairfax, 
Bulk  and  Selvedge  of  the  World,    1674, 
"fudged    up    into   such    a    smirkish    live- 
liness," dedication. 

(3)  Nonsense  ;  fabulous.     Var.  dial. 

(4)  To  walk  slowly  and  with  difficulty. 
FUDGEE.    To  contrive  to  do.    Devon. 
FUD  GEL.    An  awkward  child.     Cunib. 
FUE.    To  make  an  attempt,    North. 
FUEL,     Garden  stuff.     Hertf* 

FUELER.    The  domestic  who  made  the  fires. 

Also,  as  Fewtter,  q.  v. 
FUP.    Five.    Kyng  Alisaundcr,  6711. 
FTJPF.     To  blow,  or  puff.    North. 
FUFFY.     Light  ;  soft  ;  spongy.     North. 
FUGATION.     A    hunting  ground.     Bt  ciiw 

haleant  fugafiones  suas  ad  fugamdiim,  Carta 

Lib.  Hen.  I.  Civ.  Lond. 
FUGE.     To  take  flight.     (Lat.} 
FUGER-SATTJEN.     Figured,  or  branched  satin. 

See  Unton  Inventories,  p.  11. 
FTJGH.    A  species  of  musical  composition,  ge- 

nerally terined///^MA 
FUGLEMAN.    A  person  \vho  directs  the  cheer- 

ing of  a  crowd  or  mob.    Var.  dial. 
FUKES.    Locks  of  hair.    North.     Marklwun, 

Countrey  Farmc,  161  G,  p.  4GI>,  uses  the  term 

for/wcwm. 

FULBOLSY.    Violently,     /teds. 
FULCH.    To  beat,  or  push  ;  to  gore,  as  a  bull  ; 

to  squeeze;    at  taw,  to  edge  on  unfairly. 

Devon. 
FULCULENCY.     "Dreggie  refuse  and/aAae- 

lencie"  Topsell's  Serpents,  p.  4  L 
FULDE.    Destroyed.    Hearne. 
FULDEN.    Filled,    Sec  Aldren. 
FULDRIVE.  Fully  driven  ;  completed.  Cheueer. 
FULE.  (  1)  A  bird,  or  fowl    North. 
(2)  Gold-foil.  Pr,Parv.p.  182.  The  term  fulyt 

occurs  in  Gawaue  and  Goldgros. 
FULFIL.     To  fill  up  entirely;  to  make  fall, 


. 

FUL-FREMED.    Full  or  quite  perfect       • 
FULHEP.    Fulness.    MS.  Cott  Vespa*.  0.  vii. 
FULIKE.    Foully  j  shamefully.    (4* 


FUL 


385 


FUR 


FULK.  (1)  A  phrase  made  use  of  by  boys  play- 
ing at  taw,  when  they  slily  push  the  hanc 
forward  to  be  nearer  the  mark.  Dean 
Milles"  MS.  Glossary. 

(2)  A  hollow  place.     Skinner. 

FULKE.     People.     Chaucer. 

FULKER.    A  pawnbroker,  or  usurer. 

FULL.  (1 )  Dark ;  cloudy.     Devon. 

(2)  Quite ;  entirely ;  every  way.    Var.  dial    See 
Winter's  Tale,  i.  2. 

(3)  Intoxicated.     Craven, 

(4)  Several  compounds  of  this,  word  denote  vio- 
lence and  impetuosity,  *&futt-l>anff,  full-butt, 

full-drive,  full-push,   full-smack,  full-split, 
f nil-spout,  &c. 

(5)  For ;  because ;  on  account  of.     North. 
FULL  AM  S.    False  dice.     ShaJc.     There  were 

high  fullams  and  low  fullams,  to  denote  dice 

loaded  on  the  high  or  low  number. 

FULLARING.    A  groove  into  which  the  nails 

of  a  horse's  shoe  are  inserted.    Salop. 
FULL-BETTER.    Much  better.    North. 
FULL-CRY.   Hounds  are  in  full  cry,  when  they 
run  orderly,  and  "  hold  it  merrily  together." 
Gent.  Rec.  ii.  78. 

FULL-DUE.    Final  acquittance.    East. 
FULLE.  (1)  Fill ;  sufficiency. 

With  the  grace  of  God,  or  hyt  were  nyghte, 
The  yeant  had  hys  full*  of  fyghte. 

MS.  Cantab.  Ff.  ii.  38,  f.  66. 

(2)  To  cleanse,  or  make  clean.    Line. 

FULLED.     Baptised.    Hear  HP. 

FULL-FLOPPER.  A  bird  sufficiently  feathered 
to  leave  the  nest.  East. 

FULL-FROTH.  A  cow  is  said  to  be  in  full- 
froth,  when  she  gives  the  greatest  quantity  of 
milk.  Suffolk* 

FULLGENS.    Refulgence;  brightness. 

FULLING-STOCKS.  A  machine  used  in  a  mill 
for  fulling  cloth. 

PULL-LITTLE.    Too  little.     North. 

FULLMART.  A  pole-cat.  It  occurs  under 
other  forms.  "  A  fitch,  or  fullraart,"  Cot- 
grave,  in  v.  Belette.  See  Harrison,  p.  225. 
Fulmarde,  Reliq.  Antiq.  i.  81 ;  fulthmard,  ib. 
ii.  83  ;-(<  fulmer,  or  polcatte,"  Baret. 

FULLOCK.  (1)  To  jerk  the  hand  unlawfully.  A 
term  at  marbles. 

(2)  A  sudden  heavy  fall.    Derb. 

FULL-PITCH,  Ploughing  the  full  depth  of 
the  soil  is  called  taking  it  up  a  full-pitch. 
Nvrf. 

FULLSOME.  Nasty;  indelicate.  North.  "Ful- 
some, or  sluttish,  sgualidus"  Baret. 

HJLL-SOON.  Very  soon.  Chaucer.  Wick- 
liffe  hasj%#  sorry,  &c. 

FULL-STATED.  Spoken  of  a  leasehold  estate 
held  under  three  lives.  Devon. 

FULLTNGE.    Baptising.    (^*-&) 

FUL-MADE.    Wrought ;  finished.    (^.-£) 

FULSUM.    To  help,  or  aid.     Qawayne. 

FULSUMLI.    Plenteously.     WUl.  Wsrw. 

FULSUMNESSE.    Satiety.    (^.-£) 

ItTLTH-HEDE.    Pithiness,    Hearne. 

FTJL-TRUST.    Trussed  full;  filled  up.     Web&r, 


FUMBLE-FISTED.   Very  awkward  in  Handling 

things.     Suffolk. 
FUME.  (1)  Smoke.     (^.-<V.) 

As  from  the  fyre  depertyth/torwe, 
So  body  and  sowle  asondre  goothe. 

MS.  Cantab.  Ff.  ii.  38,  f.  20. 
(2)  To  become  inflamed.    Salop. 
FUMES.   The  ordure  of  the  hert.  "  And  jif  men 

speke  and  aske  hym  of  the  fumes,  he  shal 

clepe  fumes  of  an  hert,"  Maystre  of  the  Game, 

MS.  Bodl.  546. 
FUME TE RE.   The  plant  fumitory,  called  erthe- 

smo£in  MS.  Sloane  5,f.  5. 
FUMING-BOX.    A  pastile-burner. 
FUMISH.    Angry ;  fractious.  Suffolk. 
FUMLER.    Afumbler.    Craven. 
FUMOSITE.    Fumes  ;  steam;  smoke.     (A.-N.) 
FUMOUSLY.    Angrily ;  furiously.  "  I  waxefu- 

mouse  or  angrye,"  Palsgrave. 
FUMP.  (1)  A  slap,  or  blow.     Devon. 
(2)  The  gist,  as  of  a  joke.    Exmoor. 
FUMY-BALL.  A  puff-ball?  Hall's  Satires,?.  99. 
FUN.  (1)  To  cheat ;  to  deceive.    Somerset. 

(2)  Found.    Minot,  p.  38.    North. 

(3)  A  small  pitcher.  Exmoor. 
PUNCH.     To  push.    /.  of  Wight. 
FUND.    Found.    North. 
FUNDE.    To  go ;  to  march. 

Now  to  the  forest  thay  fund*, 
Bathe  with  home  and  with  hunde. 

MS.  Lincoln  A.  i.  1?,  f.  13*. 
FUNDELYNGE.    A  foundling.    Prompt.  Part. 
FUNDEMENT.     A  foundation.     (^.-JV.) 
FUNDIED.    Injured.    Turner's  Herbal,  1562. 
FUNDLESS.    A  foundling;  anything  acciden- 
tally discovered.     Wanv. 
FUNE.  (1)  Few,    Minot's  Poems,  p.  7. 
(2)  To  fom,  or  thrust. 

Whenne  thebatelles  werejunede, 
With  speris  frcschely  thay  funedtt. 

MS.  Lincoln  A.  i.  17,  f.  131. 

FUNGES.  Mushrooms.  (A.-N.} 

FUNK.  (1)  Touch-wood.  Suffolk.  "Funke,or 

lytylle  fyyr,  igniculus^  Pr.  Parv, 
(2)  Cross ;  ill-tempered.  Oxon. 

)  A  horse  is  said  to  Junk,  when  it  throws  up 

its  hind  quarters  without  lashing. 

(4)  To  smoke ;  to  cause  a  bad  smell.    North. 

(5)  Great  fear.     Var.  dial 
FUNNEL.  (1)  Afinial.    Willis,  p.  64. 

(2)  A  mare  mule  produced  by  an  ass  covered  by 

a  horse.    Line. 

FUNNY.    Comical ;  pleasing.     Var.  dial. 
FUN-STON.    A  font.     "  And  hoven  in  fan- 

ston,"  Leg.  Cathol.  p.  83. 
FUR.  (1)  A  farrow.    North. 

(2)  To  throw.    Somerset 

(3)  The  indurated  sediment  sometimes  found  iu 
tea-kettles.    Suffolk. 

(4)  Fire.    Rob,  Glouc.  p.  8 ;  St.  Braadan,  p.  8. 
FURBELOWS.    Itfnge  j  my  ornamental  part 

of  female  dies&    Var.  fiial, 
FUUCHtJItE.  The  place  where  the  thighs  part* 

sometimes,  t&$  legs.    (^.-  jV.) 
FURCU&f .    Tne  bottom ;  the  whole. 
(1)  Taxrkd.    Hearne. 


FUR 


386 


FUY 


(2)  Furred,     Kynge  Johan,  p.  39. 

FUKDST     The  farthest.     Salop. 

FURE.  (1)  To  go.   Cumb.  It  occurs  as  the  part, 
pa.  in  R.  de  Brunne,  Bowes  MS. 

(2)  Fared.     Also,  went.     Gawayne. 

Alexander  hadd  a  grete  lyste  for  to  be  bathede 
therm,  aad  went  into  it,  and  bathed  hym,  and 
waschede  hym  therm,  atid  also  sone  lie  felle  in  a 
fever,  and  a  heved-werke,  therwith  so  that  he  fure 
wonder  ille.  MS,  Lincoln  A.  i.  17,  f.  14. 

FUREL,    A  furnace.    Somerset.     Weber  has 

fure  for  fire.     See  Fur  (4). 
FURENDEL.    The  fourth  part  of  a  hushel  of 

corn.    See  Kennett,  p.  78. 
FUREB.    An  officer  whose  duty  it  was  to  burn 

false  measures.    Dean  Milles  MS. 
FURETTES.    Ferrets.     Ord.  and  Keg.  p.  66. 
FUR-FORD.    Perished.  (A.-S.}  See  Kyng  Ali- 

saunder,  3814,  where  the  BodL  MS.  rightly 

omits  the  first  y-mad. 
FURGEON.    A  prop.     YorJcsh. 
FURGON,    Same  as  Fruggan,  q.  v.  "With/w- 

ffons  and  with  tongis  glowand/'  Tundale,p.34. 

(^.-M)     See  Prompt.  Parv.p.  182. 
FUR-HEADS.     Headlands  of  a  field.     Devon. 
FURIAL.     Raging.  (^.-A?.) 
FURIBOND.    Mad ;  outrageous.     Minsheu. 
FUR-IRE.   A  fire-iron,  q.  v.   St.Brandan,  p.  30. 
FURL.    To  throw ;  to  hurl.     /.  Wight. 
FURLEY.    "Wondrous.     Gawayne. 
FURLONG.    The  line  of  direction  of  ploughed 

lands ;  a  division  of  an  unincloaed  corn-field. 

Var.  dial 

FURME.    To  form.    Reliq,  Antiq.  ii.  14. 
FURMEST.    First ;  foremost.  (A.-S.) 
FURMETY.     Same  as  Frumenty,  q.  v. 
FURNACE.  (1)  A  boiler.    Somerset. 
(2)  To  smoke  lite  a  furnace.    Shale. 
FURNAGE.    A  fee  paid  for  baking.    See  Ord. 

and  Reg.  p.  195. 

FURNER.    A  malkin  for  an  oven.    Line. 
FURNEY.    A  furnace.    Maundevile,  p.  49. 
FURNEYE.    To  furnish.    Weber,  ii.  216. 
FURNIMENT.    Furniture ;  decoration. 
FURNITADE.    Furniture.    Essex. 
FURNITURE,  this  word  formerly  signified  any 

kind  of  moveable  property.    A  country  -well 

stocked  with  animals,  &c.  was  said  to  have 

good  furniture. 
FURNOUR.  Abater.  (Zaf.)  See  Ord.  and  Reg,. 

pp.  70,  232.    Still  in  use  in  Kent. 
FUROLE,    A  kind  of  meteor,  mentioned  by 

Skinner,  and  described  by  Cotgrave,  in  v. 
FURRED-HOOD.  A  hood  lined  with  far.  Furde 

whodes,  Kynge  Johan,  p.  39.     Furred  pack, 

a  wallet  of  skin  with  the  hair  outward. 
FURRED-UP,    Entangled.    South. 
I URROUR.    A  fur,  or  skin.  -  See  Maundevile, 

p.  247;  Planche's  Costume,  p.  174. 
FURUY-DAY.    A  dancing  festival  and  merry- 
making on  the  8th  of  May,  observed  with 
,  great  ceremony  at  Helston,  co.  Cornw, 
F0RSTI.    Thirsty.     See  Afwst* 
If  he  ete  of  another  tre, 
J^urati  shal  he  never  be. 
foraor  Mundt,  MS.  Colt,  Trin.  Cantab,  f,  7. 


FURTHER.     See  example  under  Far* 
FURWE.    A  furrow.  (A.-S.) 
FURZE-BKEAK.    Land  where  furze  is,  or  has 

been,  growing,  and  is  broken  up.     South. 
FURZE-CHIRPER.    The  mountain  finch,     ii 

is  also  called  the  furze-chucker. 
FURZE-MAN-PIG.    A  hedgehog.     Glouc. 
FURZEN.     Furze.    Tusser,  p.  189. 
FURZE-OWL.    A  cockchafer.     Somerset. 
FUSBALL.    A  puff-ball,  or  fungus-     I'ay.dnal 
Wych  wilbc  black  and  light  withall, 
Much  like  the  substance  of  a  fusltab. 

Ashniale'a  Theat.  Cftem.  Bnt.  1652,  p.  28J 

FUSE.    The  track  of  a  buck  in  the  grass.    A  a 

ancient  hunting  term. 
FUSEL.    A  spindle.     (Fn) 
FUSIN.   Same  as  Poison,  q.  v.  We  liave/u£0Hn 

in  Lybeaus  Disconus,  100. 
FUSOME.    Handy ;  neat ;  handsome.     North. 
FUSSLE.    A  slight  confusion.   Suffolk.  Called 

in  some  places  fuasment, 
FUSSOCKING.     Large  and  fat.     North. 
FUSSY.    Needlessly  or  over  busy.     Var.  dial. 
FUST.  (1)  A  fist.    Piers  Ploughman,  p.  356. 

(2)  A  vessel  for  wine,  &c.  (Fr.)  See  the  Howard 
Household  Books,  p.  522. 

(3)  To  mould  as  corn  does.    See  Hamlet,  iv.  4, 
and  Palsgrave.  Fustines,  Ord.  and  Reg.  p.  218. 

(4)  Wood.    (A~N.) 

FUSTERER.  A  maker  of  pack-saddles.  "  The 
saddlers  and  fusterers"  Chester  Plays,  i.  C 
where  MS.  Bodl.  175,  reads/r#sm. 

FUSTIAN.  Low  ;  vulgar ;  coarse.  Fustian  to??- 
guaffe,  unintelligible  jargon,  such  as  gipsies  UM\ 
See  Cotgrave,  in  v.  Barragouin ;  Florio,  p.  00. 

FUSTIKE.  A  kind  of  wood  used  by  dyers.  Sec 
Brit.  Bibl.  ii.  403. 

FUSTILARIAN.  A  cant  term  of  contempt,  a 
fusty  stinking  fellow.  Shah. 

FUSTILUGS.  A  big-boned  person  ;  a  fat  gross 
woman.  Exmoor.  "A  fustilug,  or  rank  smell- 
ing woman/7  Howell. 

FUSTLE.    A  fuss,  or  bustle.     Warw. 

FUSTY.  (1)  Thirsty.     Wilts. 

(2)  Musty  ;  mouldy ;  ilUracllmg-     1'ar.  dial 

PUSUM.    Handsome.    North. 

FUTE,  The  scent  or  track  of  a  fox,  or  any  }>oast 
of  chace.  Pr.Paro.  Spelt/^eby  Howell,  in  v. 

KJTNON.    Now  and  then.    Matt. 

FUTRE.  Sec  Fouira,  "  Putre  for  tliy  base  ser- 
vice/' Heywood's  Royall  King,  1637,  siff.  C. 
iii.  See  2  Henry  IV,  v.  3. 

FUTEIT.  An  horizontal  shaft  or  way  used  near 
Ironbridge.  Salop. 

FUWTING.    Favouring.    Mirr.  Mag.  p.  252. 

ITOOL.    A  fowl,  or  bird 

The  &ss  t<»  watur,  A!S  we  find, 
I'ho  fuxol  be  tapht  he  to  the  wyml. 

MS.  Cott.  V&tpat.  A.  UJU  f.  4 

FUYLE.  (1)  To  defile. 

£>he  bede  hit  me  wlthouteu  blynne, 
She  hath  me  fuylrt  with  hnr  »ynne, 

Curnr  Wundi,  SIS,  CWt  Trio.  Ctertft*.  f. «, 

(5)  To  fail.    Apol.  Loll.  p.  59. 
FUYR,    Fire..  See  MattndevDe,  p.  35  j 

p.  68 ;  Formo  of  Ciitv,  *.  84. 


GAB 


387 


GAB 


FUYSON.    Foison ,  plentv.    SMton.    Ray  has 

fuzzon  as  a  North  country  word. 
FUZ.    Furze.     Var.dial 
FUZZY.    Light  and  spongy.    North.    Rough 
and  shaggy.  East.   Silk  or  cotton  that  ravels, 
is  said  to  wear  fuzzy. 

FWALCHON.    A  term  of  reproach.   See  an  in- 
stance in  the  Towneley  Myst,  p.  130. 
FYDDE.     Fed.    Tundale,  p.  146. 
FYE.    Boldness.    (sJ.-N.) 

Thynge  whiche  is  litille  worth  withinne, 
He  sayeth  in  openfye  to  synne, 

Cower,  MS.  Soc.  Antiq.  134,  f.  42. 

FYEMARTEN.    A  term  of  reproach  ? 

1582.  Feb  22,  we  went  to  the  theater  to  se  a 
scurvie  play  set  owt  al  by  one  virgin,  which  thcr 
proved  nfyemai-ten  without  vojce,  so  that  we  stayd 
not  the  matter.  MS.  Addit*  5008. 

FYEN.  To  purge ;  to  clear  ;  to  drive ;  to  hanish  ; 
to  digest.  See  Arch.  xxx.  353 ;  Prompt.  Parv. 
p.  159. 

FYGERE.    A  fig-tree.    (A.-N.) 

FYGEY.  A  dish  composed  of  almonds,  figs, 
raisins,  ginger,  and  honey. 

FYGWRYTH.    Rgureth.     Cov.  Myst. 

FYKE.  Trifling  care.  Northumb.  In  Syr  Ga- 
wayne occurs  fytod,  shrank,  was  troubled. 

FYLAND.    Defiling.    See  File. 

Here  may  men  se  and  undyrstand 
Howe  fowle  syn  es  and  howfyland. 

Ha7>ip<ilet  JUS.  Bowes t  p.  76. 

FYLE.  Vile;  foul.  Weber.  It  means  fill  in 
Torrent  of  Portugal,  p.  39. 

FYLEGII.    To  follow.    Ps.  Cott.  MS. 

FYLESOFERUS.    Philosophers.     (^..JV.) 

FYLLE.  (1)  A  file.    Nominale  MS. 

(2)  To  fulfil.    Syr  Gawayne. 

FYLLETORY-GUTTERS.  Gutters  for  convey- 
ing water  from  the  walls  of  buildings. 


FYLLOK.    A  wanton  gill.     Hye  VVa/  to  the 

Spyttell  Hous,  n.  d. 
FY-LOAN.    A  word  used  to  call  home  cows  to 

be  milked.    North. 
FYMTERE.     Same  as  ErthesmoA,  q.  v.    It  is 

mentioned  in  MS.  Med.  Lincoln. 
FYN.    Fme ;  clever.    (4.-N.) 
FYNDLY.    Fiend-like ;  terrible. 

This  preist  that  was  her  parson  and  curat  there, 

Seid,  I  shall  tell  you  what  is  best 

To  putte  awey  holy  this  fyndly  tempest. 

MS.  Laud.  416,  f ,  4& 

FYNDYNG.    An  allowance.    Hearne. 
FYNELICHE.    Finely ;  nicely.     Gower. 
FYNGIRMELL.    A  finger's  breadth. 
FYNISMENT.    End;  finish.    Gawayne. 
FYNLY.    Goodly.    Robin  Hood,  i.  51. 
FYOLL.    A  cup,  or  pot.     It  corresponds  to  the 
Latin  amula.    "  Fyollys  and  cowpis,"  Tundale, 
p.  64.    See  Huloet,  ed.  1552. 
FYRMETE.    Infirmity.    Audelay,  p.  31. 
FYRRYS.    Furze  or  gorse.    Pr.  Parv. 
FYSCHERE.    A  fisher. 

Anodur  man  he  mett  there,  ,  ^ 

He  seyde  he  was  a  fyschei  e. 

MS.  Cantab.  Ff.  ii.  38,  f.  120. 

FYSYSCHONS.    Physicians. 

All  the  lechys,  fysyschons,  and  surgyens,  ne  yyt  all 
the  creaturys  in  hevene  and  in  crthe,  schall  not 
mowe  heele  the  wounde  of  hyt. 

MS.  Cantab.  Ff.  ii.  38,  f,  8. 

FYTTE.    Feet.    Torrent,  p.  20. 

FYYETHE.    The  fifth. 

Thefyvethe  day  he  failed  nowjt, 

Of  watir,  foule,  and  fisshe,  he  wroujt. 

Curtor  Mundi,  MS.  CM.  THn.  Cantab,  f.  3. 

FYVIRE.    Fever.    Arch.  xxx.  407. 
FYWELEF.     Same  as  Five-leaf,  q.  v. 
FYYRE,    The  star-thistle.    Pr.  Parv. 
FYYST.    Linda.    Prompt.  Parv. 


GA.    To  go.    North.     See  Perceval,  1462, 
2173,  2271.     Gaa,  ib.  1615;  Isumbras, 
696,  719,  724,  754. 

The  kyng  bare  witnesse  and  seid,  ja, 
But  thou  myjt  onys  er  thou  ga, 
Etyn  with  me  a  mele. 

MS.  Cantab.  Ff.  v.  48,  f.  53. 
And  whether  it  torne  to'  wele  or  waa, 
Gladly  wille  I  with  jow^za. 

MS.  Lincoln  A.  i  17,  f.  127. 
GAAM.    Sticky;  clammy.     Wilts. 
GABBARD.     Same  as  Gat/bern,  q.  v. 
GABBE.    To  talk  idly;  to  jest.    (A^N.)    Still 
in  common  use.    In  early  writers  it  sometimes 
means,  to  lie,  or  draw  the  long  bow. 
To  the  kyng  than  sayd  ayr  Gawayne, 
I  gabbyd  on  hym  thys  jendyr  day. 

MS.  Karl.  2252,  f.  102. 

GABBER,  Explained  by  Franklin,  Life,  ed. 
1819,  p.  57,  a  pmon  u  skilful  in  the  art  of 
burlesque."  It  now  means,  to  talk  nonsense. 

GABBERIES,    Wily  deceits.    Miwkev* 

GABBERN.  Large ;  comfortless ;  ill-contrived. 
Applied  to  rooms  of  hotises.  Wil£#> 

GABMRG.    Lyittgn^tin^.    WickUfe. 


GABBLE-RATCHE  S.    Birds  that  make  a  great 

noise  in  the  air  in  the  evenings.    N&rth. 
GABEL.    A  tax,  or  excise.    (d.-N.) 
GABERDINE.    A  coarse  loose  frock  or  mantle. 
"  Mantyll  a  gabercbne/'  Palsgrave.    Still  in 
use  in  Kent. 

GABERLILTIE.    A  ballad-singer.     North.      - 
GABIE.    A  sieve  with  laige  holes.    North. 
GABLE.  (1)  High.    HeaYne. 
(2)  A  cable.     Gabk-rope,  a  larg<S  thick  rope,  a 
cable.    "  Gable  rope  of  a  shippe,  chable" 
Palsgrave. 

Softe,  ser,  seyd  the  gabulle-rope* 
Methinke  gode  ale  is  in  jour  tope* 

Nuga  faettoat)  p.  lit 
Ilys  gabulle  and  hys  ropyseverecfione 
Was  portrayed  verely. 

U&Cwtob.  Ff.  iJ.38,  f.7«. 
GABLETS.    Small  ornaniealal  gables  of  cano- 
pies formed  over  tabernacles,  niches,  &c.  See 
the  Oxford  Gloss.  AJX&.  p.  178. 

Ale  the  walte  wds  of  gete, 
Of  gaye  gbtelette*  a»d  grete. 

3fS.  Unooto  A.  i*  17,  f.  Mfl* 
GABtl-^IHlX)^.    A  window  in  a  gable,  ot 
shaped  like  a  gable,    Brttton. 


GAF  3 

GABLICK.    A  crovr-har.     Line. 

GABLOCKS.  Spurs  made  of  iron  or  metal  lor 
fighting-cocks.  Holme,  1668, 

GABRIEL'S-HOUNDS.  At  Wednesbury  _m 
Staffordshire,  the  colliers  going  to  their  pits 
early  in  the  morning  hear  the  noise  of  a  pack 
of  hounds  in  the  air,  to  which  they  give  the 
name  of  Gabriel's  Hounds,  though  the  more 
sober  and  judicious  take  them  only  to  be  wild 
geese  making  this  noise  in  their  flight.  Ken- 
nett,  MS.  Lansd.  1033. 

GABY.    A  silly  fellow.     T'ar.  dial 

GACH.    Children's  filth  or  dirt.     Glouc. 

GAD.  (1)  A  measuring  rod  of  ten  feet.  Hence, 
a  fishing-rod ;  any  rod  or  stick.  North. 

(2)  A  spear ;  a  goad  or  small  bar  of  metal ;  a  pole 
pointed  with  metal.    The  last  sense  is  still  in 
use.    A  kind  of  long  and  stout  nail  is  still 
termed  a  gad-nail    Hence  to  gad,  to  fasten 
with  such  a  nail.     Gads,  knobs  or  spikes  of 
iron  used  in  ancient  armour. 
And  hys  axes  also  smeten 
With  gaddes  of  stele  that  made  them  to  betyn. 

MS.  Cantab.  Ff.  Ii.  38,  f.213. 

And  thanne  me  thoghte  those  devels  tuke  lange 

eaddes  of  iryne  alle  brymrynge,  and  put  thorowte 

fhe  barelle.  US-  Linaoln  A.  i.  17,  f  254. 

f3}  The  gad-fly.  Var.  dial  All  upon  the  gad, 
I  e.  TOTing,  frolicsome.  "  The  gad  of  going," 
Shirley,  v.  456.  To  gad,  to  flit  about  like  a 
gad-fly.  See  Stanihurst,  p.  28.  Godding 
mtowe,  Horio,  p.  100. 

(4)  To  think  \  to  believe.    Kennett. 

(5)  A  tall,  slender  person.    Craven. 

GAD -ABOUT.    A  rambling  person.  West. 
QADAMAN.    Roguish.    Herefordsh. 
GAD-BEE.    The  gad-fly.   Horio,p.  42. 
GAD-BIT.    A  nail-passer.     Var.  dial 
GADDRE.    "  Gaddre  as  a  calfes  gadre  or  a 

sliepes,  froissure"  Palsgrave, 
GADE.    A  gadh'ng    See  A-gade. 
GADER.    To  gather.    Palsgrave. 
GADGER,    A  gauger,  or  exciseman.    North. 
GAD-HOOK.    A  long  pole  with  an  iron  crook 

attached  to  It.    Somerset. 
GADLING.    A  vagabond.    (^/.-£) 

He  seyde,  fals  thefe  and  fowle  gad.lyr>s> 
Thou  lyest  falsely,  y  am  thy  kynge. 

MS  Cantab.  Ff.  a.  38,  f.  240. 
For  every  gadlyng,  nat  wurth  a  pcre, 
Takyth  ensample  at  ww  to  awere. 

MS.  Httrl.  1701,  f.  6. 
Thof  siche  gadlynges  be  grevede, 
It  graves  me  bat  lyttille, 

MS.  Lincoln  A.  i,  17.  f-  fa 

GADREDEN.    Gathered.    (4.-S.) 

Tho  alle  the  fisches  hi  the  flode 
Gadreden  him  abo-ute. 

MS.  CoU,  Ti  in,  Qx<m.  57,  art.  2. 
GAD-STEEL.    Flemish  steel,  because  wrought 

in  get dsj  or  small  bars. 
GAD- WHIP.    An  ox-whip.    Line.    "  Agadde, 

or  wHppe,"  Baret,  1580,  G.  2, 
GAED.    Went.    North.    See  Ga. 
GAERN,    A  garden.    Somerset. 
GAP.  Gave.    Somerset   Gaf  Mm  to  drink,  i.  e. 
addicted  himself  to  drink. 


J8  GAH 

HP  gnf  hym  a  gode  swerde  3n  Ills  hond, 
His  hed  with  for  tokepe. 

JUS,  OznteS.  Ff-  v.  48,  f.  13L 
GAFF.  (1)  An  iron  hoe  or  hook.  West.  "Croki4 
as  a  gaffe,"  Bel.  Ant.  ii.  174. 

(2)  To  play  a  game  by  tossing  up  three  pence. 
North,  ' 

(3)  A  gaffer  or  old  man.    Lino. 

GAFFER.  An  old  man  ;  a  grandfather;  a  head 
labourer  or  ^oikman.  West.  Formerly,  a 
common  mode  of  address,  equivalent  to  friend 
neighbour. 

GAFFLE.  (1)  That  part  of  the  cross-bow  which 
•was  used  in  bending  it. 

(2)  To  teaze ;  to  incommode ;  to  incumoer ;  to 
gad  about.    West. 

(3)  A  dung-fork,    Somerset. 

(4)  To  chirp,  or  chatter,  as  birds  do.     Gavfyng, 
Wright's  Seven  Sages,  p.  113. 

GAFFLOCK.    An  iron  crow-bar.    Berb. 

GAFFS,  Spurs  made  of  iron  or  metal  for  fight- 
ing-cocks. Holme,  1688.' 

GAFT.  A  sort  of  fish-hook,  used  for  catching 
eels.  Wilts. 

GAFTY.    Doubtful;  suspected.     CJiesh. 

GAG.  (1)  To  nauseate.    Suffolk. 

(2)  To  gad  about.    Dean  Milles  MS. 

GAGATE.  An  agate.  Monast.  iii.  175,  See  a 
receipt  like  the  following  from  another  MS.  in 
Reliq.  Antiq,  i.  53. 

For  to  gare  a  womane  say  what  thou  askes  hlr. 
Talc  a  stane  that  is  called  a  pagate,  and  lay  it  on  Wr 
lefts  pape  wheoe  scho  ?lepis,  that  scho  *let  not, 
and  Jf  the  stane  be  guile,  alls  that  them  askes  hir 
sallescho  s-vy  the  whatever  schohase  done. 

MS.  Lincoln  A.  I.  17,  f.  304. 

GAGE.  (1)  A  pledge  ;  also,  to  pledge ;  to  put  in 
pledge  or  pawn;  to  lay  as  a  wager  j  a  pledge, 
or  defiance  for  battle.  "la  gage,"  Hall, 
Henry  IV.  f.  32.  See  Ileywood'a  Iron  Age, 
riff.  I.  iii. ;  England's  Helicon,  p.  210  j  Tragedy 
of  Hoffman,  1631,  sig.  E.  iii. 

(2)  A  measure  of  slate,  one  yard  square,  about  a 
ton  in  weight. 

(3)  A  bowl  or  tub  for  cream.  East.   A  quart 
pot,  according  to  Deldcer.    <c  Gage,  lytyll 
bolle,"  Pr.  Par*. 

(4)  To  harness  a  horse.    2fe&. 
GAGEMENT-   An  engagement.    /.  Wight. 
GAGGER.    A  nonconformist.    East. 
GAGGLE.   To  cacMe ;  to  laugh  immoderately. 

North.  See  Harrison,  p,  223 ;  Stanihursi,  p. 
11;  Reliq.  Antiq.  i.  86.  A  flock  of  geese 
was  called  a.  gaygle  of  geese. 

A  faire  white  goose  beara  feathers  on  her  backe, 

That  goggle*  still. 

Churchyard's  PlMtant  Conctitt  ', 

GAGGLES.    The  game  of  nine-pins.    North. 
GAGS.    Children's  pictures,    Suffolk. 
GAG-TEETH.    Teeth  that  project  out. 
GAGY.  Showery.    East  Sussex. 
GAHCHYD.    Gashed ;  scratched. 
GAHEN.    Again. 

Com  he  never  gatisn  in  thy»  land* 

Thar  waahys  dohtl  bodi  *k». 
Qvg  of  Warwick,  .' 


GAL 


380 


GAL 


CAHUSEY.  A  comfortable  \\arm  worsted  short 

shirt  with  sleeves.    East. 
GAIBESEEN.    Gay  in  appearance,  i.  e.  gay  to 

be  seem    Chatoner. 
GAIGNAGE.   Gain  ;  profit.    (A.-N.*) 
As  the  trewe  man  to  the  ploughe 
Only  to  the  gaignage  entendeth. 

Uowe>\  MS.  Soc.  Antiq.  334,  f.  100. 

GAIL,  A  tub  used  in.  brewing.  Gail-clear,  a 
tub  for  wort.  Spelt  yailker  in  Hallamsh. 
Gloss,  p.  147.  Gail-dish,  a  vessel  used  in  pour- 
ing liquor  into  a  bottle  or  cask.  North. 

GAILEK.     A  gaoler.    Chaucer. 

GAILLARD.    Busk;  gay.    (A.-N.) 

GAILY.    Pretty  well  in  health.    North. 

GAIN.  Near;  contiguous;  suitable;  conve- 
nient; piotltable;  cheap;  easy;  tolerable; 
dexterous ;  tractable ;  active ;  expert ;  respect- 
able ;  honest ;  accommodating.  North. 

GAINCOME.   Return.    Chaucer. 

GAINCOPE.  To  go  across  a  liold  the  nearest 
way  ;  to  meet  with  something.  tfouth. 

GAINFUL.    Tractable ;  active.     YorfoA. 

GAJNGIVING.    A  mibgiving.    Mak. 

GAINLI.  Suitable.  «*  Agamli  word,"  Bevesof 
Hamtoun,  p.  112.  Ganeh/,  readily,  Wcbcr, 
iu  160.  Easily,  Craven  Dial.  i.  173. 

GAINSAN.    Gainsaying;  denial. 

And  sagh  that  gtunstin  w.is  thar  nan. 

JUS.  Gift.  Vcspas.  A,  iii.  f.  8. 

GAINSHIRE.  The  barb  of  a  fishing  hook.  Deri. 
GAINSTAND.    To  withstand;  to  oppose.    See 

Fairfax,  Bulk  and  Selvedge,  1674,  p.  7.    A 

subit.  in  Hardy  ng,  f.  101. 
GA1NSTRIVE.    To  strive  against.    Spenser. 
GAIRN.    Yarn.     Yorksh. 
GAIT.    A  path,  way,  or  street ;  pasturage  for 

cattle  during  summer  in  a  common  field ;  a 

single  sheaf  of  corn ;  two  buckets  of  water, 

North.    To  gait  corn,  to  set  up  sheaves  of 

corn  in  wet  weather  to  dry. 
GAIT-BERDE.    A  goat's  beard.  Translated  by 

stirillum  in  Nominale  MS. 
GAITING.     Frolicsome.    Dorset, 
GAITINGS.   Single  sheaves  of  corn  set  up  on 

end  to  dry.    North. 
GAITRE-BERRIES.    Berries  of  the  dog-wood 

tree.    Chaucer. 

GAKIN.    A  simpleton.    Glouc. 
GAL.    A  girl,  or  maiden.    Var.  dial. 
GALAGANT1NG.    Large  and  awkward.    West. 
GALAGE.  A  kind  of  patten  or  clog,  fastened 

with  latchets.    "  Solca,  a  shoe  called  &galaye 

or  paten,  which  hath  nothyng  on  the  fcetc  but 

onely  latchetles,"  Elyot,  1559.    See  Florio,  p. 

203,  ed.  1611 ;  Strutt,  ii.  235.    The  term  is 

now  applied  to  any  coarse  shoe. 

For  they  beene  like  foule  wagmoires  overgrast, 
That  if  thy  gttUage  once  stlcketh  fast, 
The  more  to  winds  it  out  thou  doest  swincke, 
Thou  mought  ay  deeper  and  deeper  slncke. 

Greentfs  Ghost- Haunting  Cony  catcher*,  1626* 

GALANTNESSE.    Fashion  in  dress.    (^.-M) 
GALAOTHE.    Achaplet.    Maundevile,  p.  244. 
GALASH.   To  cover  the  upper  part  of  the  shoe 
with  leather,     YorJctth. 


G ALAVANT.  To  flirt ;  to  woo.  T'ar.  dial. 
GALCAR.  An  ale-tub.  Yorksh.  See  Gail. 
GALDER.  Coarse,  vulgar  talk.  Also,  to  talk 

coarsely  and  noisily.  East. 
GALDIMENT.    A  great  fright.    Somerset. 
GALE.  (1)  A  castrated  bull.    West. 

(2)  To  cry;  to  croak,  or  scream.    Also,  song, 
noise.     See  Kyng  Alisaunder,  2047,  2548. 
"  Thare  yalede  the  gowke,"  Morte  Arthure, 
MS.  Lincoln,  f.  63. 

Tille  at  the  last  one  of  verr£  pryde 
Presumptuously  gan  tocrye  and  gale, 
And  seydin  ^chortely  the  leggis  weren  to  sui«ue. 
Lydgute*  MS.  Soc  Antiq.  134,  f.  17. 

(3)  To  ache  with  cold;  to  fly  open  with  heat. 
North. 

(4)  >Vild  myrtle.    Cuml. 

(5)  To  gale  a  mine,  to  acquire  the  right  of  work- 
ing it.     West. 

(6)  Fashion?  manner? 

Who  so  with  sworde  wy rites  bale, 
He  shalle  go  that  like  gale, 

MS.  Cantab,  Ff.  \.48,  f.  17. 

(7)  Taunt ;  gilje.    Park. 

(8)  The  gaol,  or  prison. 

Litut  Johne  and  Moeh  for  sothe 
Toke  the  way  unto  theyale. 

JWS.  Cantab.  Ff.  v.  48,  f,  J31. 

(9)  Any  kind  of  excrescence.    Line. 
GALE-HEADED.    Heavy ;  stupid.    Devon. 
GALENTINE.    A  dibh  iii  ancient  cookery  made 

of  sopped  bread  and  spices.  "  Laye  some 
breed  in  sokc,  for  I  wyll  have  some  galantyne 
made,"  Palsgrave, 

Scho  fcchedeof  the  kytchyne 

Hasteletes  in  gnbntj/ne. 

MS.  Lincoln  A,  1  17,  f.  1^5, 

GALES.    Wales.    Thornton  Romances,  p.  1. 
GALEY.    Swampy ;  marshy.    Devon. 
GALFRIDE.  Geoffrey,    Chaucer. 
GALIARD.  Gay.   Hall,  Edward  IV.  f.  37.   Ga 

Uaudise,  gaiety,  Thynne's  Debate,  p.  58. 
Thare  thegrete  waregederyde  wyth£-atya>cZ«  knyghtes. 
Murtf  Jrthure,  MS.  Lincoln,  f.  61. 

GALILEE.    A  church  porch.    Davies,  Ancient 

Rites,  p.  71,  mentions  the  Galilee-bell. 
GALING.    A  bruise.    Somerset. 
GAL1NGALE.    Sweetcyperus.   "  Gingiver  and 

galingale,"  Gy  of  Warwike,  p.  421, 
GALINIC.    A  guinea-fowl.    Cornw.   The  more 

common  word  is  gattaney. 
GALIOT.    A  small  vessel.    "  Theyr  shippes  and 

theyr  gatiot,"  Hardyng,  f,  204. 
GALKABAW.    Literally  a  girl-cow-boy ;  a  girl 

who  looks  after  cows.   Suffolk. 
GALL.  (1)  A  sarcasm.  Also  to  say  galling,  sar^ 

cantic  things  ;  to  vex  oae» 
(2)  A  sore  place ;  a  fault,  or  imperfection,    Still 

in  use  in  Sussex, 
f  3)  To  frighten.    Somerset. 
(4)  The  oak*aff>le,  Prompt,  Parv. 
GALLACES,    Braces.     Yorksh. 
GALLANT,   feely  dressed.   Also,  a  person  in 

gay  or  fine  apparel, 
GALLAS.   The  gallows.    Kennett. 
GAIXE.   Vexation  j  trouble.    (A.-N.) 


GAL 


390 


Cokwold  was  kyng  Arthour, 

Ne  galle  non  he  had.     XS.  Ashmole  61,  f.  60. 

G ALLEY-BAUK,  A  bar  or  beam  in  a  chimney 
on  which  pot-hooks  hang.  North. 

GALLEY-CROW.    A  scarecrow.     Wilts. 

GALLEY-POIST.  A  long  barge  with  oars. 
The  term  was  especially  applied  to  the  Lord 
Mayor's  barge.  "  A  stately  gallie  or  gaUy- 
foist  that  the  Duke  of  Venice  goes  in  triumph 
in,"  Florio,  p.  70. 

GALLEY-NOSE,    The  figore-aead  of  a  ship. 

GALLIAN.   Gallic,  or  French.    Shale. 

GALLIAED.  A  quick  and  lively  dance,  intro- 
duced into  this  country  about  1541.  The  term 
was  also  applied  to  the  tune  to  which  it  was 
danced.  "  To  pipe  or  whistle  a  galiard/'  Sta- 
nihurst,p.  16. 

GALLIASS.  A  large  kind  of  galley.  See  Flet- 
cher's Poems,  12mo.  1656,  p.  255. 

GALL1BEGGAJL  A  scarcecrow;  a  bugbear. 
Smth. 

GALLIC-HANDED-   Left-handed.    North. 

GALLJCK.  Bitter  as  galL     Cotes. 

GALLIE  R.  (1)  A  person  who  keeps  teams  for 
hire.  Heref. 

(2)  Aiight;  a  romping  bout.    West. 

GALLIGANT.    See  Gatavant. 

GALLIGANTUS.  Any  animal  much  above  the 
usual  size.  Glouc. 

GALLIMAWTREY.  A  dish  made  of  several 
kinds  of  meat  minced.  See  Cotgrave,  in  v. 
Hachis  ;  Florio,  p.  6 ;  Taylor's  Workes,  1 14.6 ; 
Lilly's  Sixe  Court  Comedies,  1632,  sig.  T, 
The  term  is  still  in  use  for  a  dish  made  up  of 
remnants  and  scraps.  It  is  appliad  meta- 
phorically to  any  confused  jumble  of  things. 
See  Amends  fox  Ladies,  ii.  1 ;  Stanihurst,  p. 
lljTarlton's  Jests,  p.  109. 

GALLIMENT.    A  frightful  object.    Devon. 

GALLISE.    The  gallows.    West. 

GALLO-BELGJCUS.  A  kind  of  European  an- 
nual register  in  Latin  was  published  under  this 
title,  and  is  referred  to  by  Ben  Jonson  and 
many  contemporary  writers.  The  first  volume 
appeared  about  1598. 

GALLOC.  The  herb  comfrey. 

GALLOCK-HAND.   The  left  hand.     Yorteh. 

GALLOPED-BEER.  Small  beer  made  for  im- 
mediate consumption.  East. 

GALLOPIN.  An  under-cook ;  a  scullion.  See 
Arch,  xv.  11 ;  Ord.  and  Reg.p,  252. 

CALLOW.  To  frighten.  A  Wiltshire  word,  ac- 
cording to  Kennett,  MS.  Lanad,  It  occurs  in 
Shakespeare. 

GALLOWAY.  A  horse  under  fifteen  hands  high  j 
a  hackney.  North. 

GALLOW-CLAPPER.    A  very  wild  youth. 

GALLOWGLAS  S.  An  Iris  h  heavy-armed  foot- 
soldier.  See  Arch,  xxviii.  139.  He  was  in  the 
third  rank  of  Irish  soldiers,  but  considered  of 
great  importance  in  battle.  A  heavy  axe  used 
by  a  gallowglass  was  also  so  called. 

GALLOWS.    Very.    Far.  dial 

GALLS.    Springs  or  wet  places  in  a  field.     See 


Tusser,  p.  156.    Also,  bare  places  in  a  crop. 

Gaily,  wet,  moist,  applied  to  wet  land. 
GALLY.     To  frighten ;  to  taunt ;  to  harass  ;  to 

hurry.     West.     Moor  mentions  an  apparition 

called  a  gally-trot. 

GALLY-BIRD.    A  -woodpecker.    Sussex 
GALLY-GASKINS.  Wide  loose  trousers.  Called 

gally-breechesm  GaulMdo  and  Barnardo,  1570. 

Harrison,  speaking  of  excess  in  women's  appa- 
rel, mentions  "  their  galligascons  to  beare  out 

their  bums  and  make  their  attire  to  sit  plum 

round  (as  they  terme  it)  about  them."  Dekker, 

in  his  Belman  of  London,  says  that  shoplifters 

generally  wore  gaily  e  slops.    See  Earle,  p. 

248 ;  Brit.  Bibl.  ii.  518. 
GALLY-GUN.     A  kind  of  culverin. 
GALLY-HALFPENNY.     An  inferior   foreign 

coin  prohibited  by  Henry  VI II.    Btonnt. 
GALLY-TEAM.    A  team  kept  for  hire.     Went. 
GALLY-TILES.    Little  square  tiles,  like  those 

of  polished  earthenware  sometimes  seen  in 

cottages  in  the  country. 
GALLY-TRAPS.     Any    frightful   ornaments, 

head-dresses,  hoods,  Ac.    Crime,, 
GALOCHE.    Same  as  Galage,  q.  v, 
GALOING.    Galling;  rubbing.    Huloet. 
GALORE.    Plenty.     Var.  dial    "  I'll  soon  get 

togs y#fon>,"  Dibdin's  Songs,  1823,  no.  18. 
CALOWE-TRE.    The  gallows.    Ritson. 
GALPE.    To  yawn ;  to  gape ;  to  belch.    (//.-£) 

Also  a  substantive.    "  With  gastlie  gatye  of 

grislie  bug,"  Stanihurst,  p.  28. 
GALT.   (1)  A  boar  pig.    North.    "  A  galtte, 

nefrendua"  Nommale  MS. 

Tak  a  baeyue,  and  scourc  It  wel*',  nnrt  atioynto 

the  sydis  wele  within  with  thel.wieof  a  ifftlta. 

ATS.  LwculH.  J/tfif   f.  2114. 

Gresse  growene  as  a  gnlte,  ftu!s  grylych  htHukcz. 

Mortedrthwe,  A/A'.  Lsnwln,  f.  <!5, 

(2)  Clay ;  brick-earth,     Suffolk 

(3)  To  gall  or  rub.     Kennett's  MS.  Gloss. 

G  AL VE  R.    To  throb ;  to  move  qui ukly.    East. 

GALWES.  The  gallows.  (,-/,-&)  St>e  L:ui^ 
toft,  p.  247  ;  and  fifth  example  under  jhikanxe* 

GAM.    To  mock.    North. 

GAMASHES.  Gaiters.  AorM.  Th«  twin  was 
formerly  applied  to  a  kind  of  loose  drawers  or 
stockings  worn  outside  the  legs  over  the  oth*kr 
clothing,  and  much  used  by  trav<!ll«ra.  Also 
called  gamogins  or  gambadoes,  which  were 
large  cases  of  leather  to  protect  the  shoes  and 
stockings  from  the  dirt  when  on  horseback. 

GAMAW1UED.    Half  tipsy,    toe. 

GAMBAUDE.  A  gambol,  or  pmnk.  (^.-,V.) 
Gambawdynge,  Hartshorne's  Anc.  Met,  Tales, 
p.  252 ;  Skelton,  iL  352. 

GAMBESON.  A  stnfTed  and  quilted  habit, 
•Qtted  to  the  body  to  present  the  chafing  of  the 
external  armour,  as  well  as  to  check  the  pro- 
gress of  a  weapon.  It  descended  to  the  middle 
of  the  thighs,  and  was  also  worn  la  ft  Lets  sub* 
stantial  shape  by  women  to  regnUte  their 
figure.  See  Gy  of  \Varwike,  pp.  312,  325. 

(•omec  with  {?ambaMK>u>H* 
Ivycs  on  the  bent  RO  brawp*. 

MS,  Unctfn  A*  L  IT*  ' 


GAN 


391 


GAR 


GAMBLE.    A  leg,     Somerset.     Perhaps  yam- 

brel,  the  lower  part  of  the  leg. 
GAMBONE.    A  gammon.     Skelton,  i.  105, 
GAMBREL.  (1)  A  crooked  piece  of  wood  used  by 
butchers  for  hanging  up  or  expanding  a  slaugh- 
tered animal, 

(2)  A  cart  with  rails.     Heref. 
GAME.  (1)  Pleasure ;  sport.     (A.-S.}     Game- 
liche,  joyfully,  Reliq.  Antiq.  ii.  8. 
Him  luste  betre  for  to  wepe 
Than  don  oujt  ellis  to  the  game. 

Gowei;  MS.  Soe.  Anttq.  134,  f.  238, 

[2)  A  rabbit-warren.  See  Lambarde's  Perambu- 
lation, ed.  1596,  p.  11. 

GAME-LEG.     A  sore  or  lame  leg.     Var.  dial 

GAMELY.     Playfully.     (A.-S.) 

GAMENE.     See  Game.     Perceval,  1689. 

GAMESTER.  A  dissolute  person  of  either  sex. 
A  fighter  is  still  called  a  gamester  in  Somerset. 

GAMMAGE.  The  same  tale  repeated  over 
again  to  one  person. 

GAMMER.  An  old  wife ;  a  grandmother.  See 
Two  Lancashire  Lovers,  1040,  p.  99.  Gam- 
mcr-stawj,  a  rude  wanton  girl.  To  idle,  ac- 
cording to  Grose. 

(JAMMEREL.    The  small  of  the  log.    Devon. 

GAMMET.  Fun;  sport.  Somerset.  Also  to 
dance,  as  a  nurse  does  a  baby.  Hence  ffaw- 
mefs,  whims,  fancies. 

GAMMON.  Sport ;  ploy ;  nonsense.  Tar.  dial. 
Perhaps  from  the  old  word  gamenc.  "  This 
gammon  shal  begyne,"  Chester  Plays,  i.  102. 

GAMMOUTHE.    The  gamut.    Palsgrave. 

GAMOCK.  Foolish,  silly  sport.  Also,  to  romp 
or  play  practical  jokes.  Salop, 

GAMY.    Sticky ;  dirty.    Hants. 

GAN.  (1)  Began.     Chaucer. 

(2)  A  mouth.    An  old  cant  term. 

GANCH.  To  punish  by  that  cruel  mode  prac- 
tised in  Turkey  of  suspending  a  criminal  on  a 
hook  by  the  ribs  till  he  dies.  'Nares. 

GANDER.    To  gad  ;  to  ramble.    East, 

GANDERGOOSE.    The  herb  ragwort. 

GANDER-MONTH.  The  month  in  which  a 
man's  wife  is  confined.  Var.  dial.  Gander- 
mooner,  a  married  gallant,  one  who  exercises 
#allatitry  at  that  season. 

fiVNDEKNOFED.    Giddy ; thoughtless.    West. 

GANDY.    Idly  disposed.    Salop. 

(JANE.  (1)  Gone;  went.     Xorth. 

(2)  To  yawn,  or  gape.  Palsgrave.  Still  used 
in  Lincolnshire,  pronounced  gawn. 

GANE-FISH.    A  hornbcak.    Somerset. 

GANG.  (1)  To  go.  North.  See  Harrison,  p. 
57 ;  Illust.  Fairy  Mythol.  p.  66,  Hence  Gang- 
days,  Rogation  week,  so  called  because  the 
parish  boundaries  were  generally  perambu- 
lated at  that  time. 

Thorow  grace  that  He  ui  jevetih, 
Where  so  we  gmge. 

MS.  Contab.  Ft  ii.  38,  f ,  31. 

(2)  Row,  set,  or  company.    Vasr.  dial. 
GANG-BOOSE.    The  narrow  passage  from  a 

cow-house  to  the  barn.    North. 
GANGER.    A  good  goer.    North. 


GANGERAL.    A    vagrant.    North.     Cotgm* 

applies  the  term  to  a  tall  scraggy  man. 
GANGING.    Going.  North.   Ganging-gear,  the 

machinery  of  a  mill. 

No  gruche  noghtomy  snn£Sy»S*  it  salle  to  glide  tutne. 
Morte  Aithure,  MS.  Lincoln,  f,  60. 

GANGING  S-ON.     Proceedings.    North. 

GANGLE.    To  make  a  noise.     (4.-N.) 

GANGLING.  Tall,  slender,  delicate,  generally 
applied  to  plants.  Warw. 

GANGRIL.    A  toad.    North. 

GANGSMAN.    A  foreman.    Lino. 

GANG-TEETH.  Teeth  in  animals  which  pro* 
ject  out  of  the  mouth.  Topsell,p,  194. 

GANG-  WAY.    An  entry,  or  passage,    Kent. 

GANG-WEEK.    Rogation  week.    See  (Jang. 

GANNER.     A  gander,     far.  dial. 

GANNER-HEAD.    A  great  dunce.     South. 

GANNIES.  Turkies.  Devon.  Palmer  and  Jen- 
nings have  ganny-coch. 

GANNING.  The  barking  of  foxes.  SeeTopsell's 
Beasts,  1607,  pp.  128,  223. 

GANNOK.     Standard ;  ensign.    Httarne, 

GANNOKER,    A  tavern  or  inn-keeper. 

CANNY-WEDGE,  A  thick  wooden  wedge,  used 
in  splitting  timber.  West. 

GANSE.  (1)  Thin ;  slender.    Kent. 

(2)  Merriment ;  hilarity,     Sussex. 

GANT.  (1)  To  yawn.    North. 

(2)  Lusty;  hearty;  well.    North. 

(3)  A  village  fair  or  wake.    JEasL 

(4)  Scanty.    Moor's  Suffolk  Words,  p.  143. 

(5)  A  gander.    "  A  gose  and  a  gant,"  Skelton, 
i.  Ill*    Giraldus  Cambrensis  calls  itauea,the 
same  as  antier.    In  Pr.  Parv.  p.  186,  bistarda, 
or  the  bubltird,  according  to  Ducange.  Douce 
says  gant  is  the  gannet,  a  bird  about  the  size 
of  a  goose,  mentioned  by  Kay  as  found  in 
Cornwall. 

GANTREE.  A  stand  for  barrels.  North.  Called 

also  a  gantril. 

GANTY.    Merry ;  frolicsome.     Sussex. 
GANTY-GUTTED.    Lean  and  lanky.    East. 
GANZAS.     Geese,    \fyan.) 
GAOW1NG.    Chiding.    Exmoor. 
GAP.    To  notch ;  to  jag.    South.   "  To  gap  or 

to  stile,"  to  be  always  in  time. 
GAPESING.  Sightseeing.  Var.  dial  In  Devon 

gape's  nest  is  a  strange  sight ;  and  in  the  North, 

gape-seed, 

GAPESNATCH.    A  fool.     Gtoue* 
GAPE-STICK.    A  large  wooden  spoon.    East. 
GAR.    To  force ;  to  compel ;  to  make.     North. 

See  further  in.  Gare. 
GARATWIST.    Awry.    Swto*. 
GARB.    A  sheaf  of  corn.  Aa  old  heraldic  term, 

mentioned  by  Df ayton. 
GARBASH.    Garbage.    Efcfrio,  p.  70. 
GARBBLLEK.    A  perso&wao  examined  spices, 

drags,  &c.  to  fluid  out  the*  impurities  in  them. 
GARB-FEATHERS.  The  feathers  under  the  bill 

of  ft  hawk,    Berbers. 
RBOIL.    A  commotion,  tumult,  uproar,  or 

eoifus30*u  See  Florio,  pp.  55, 443 ;  Drayton'» 
,  p.  88  j  Startihurst,  p.  34. 


GAR 


392 


GAR 


GARCIL.     Underwood.     North. 

GARCLIVE.    The  herb  agrimony. 

CARD.  A  facing,  or  trimming.  ••  Three  faire 
gards,"  Euphues  Golden  Legacie,  p.  117. 
"  Garded  or  purfled  garments,"  Hollyband's 
Dictionarie,  1593.  "  I  garde  a  garmente,  1 
sette  one  garde  upon  hym,  je  bende"  Pals- 
grave. w  Now  may  1  were  the  brodered  garde," 
King  Cambises,  p.  260.  See  also  Liturgies  of 
Edward  YI.  p.  423,  wrongly  explained  by  the 
editor  j  Soliman  and  Perseda,  p.  233 ;  Thorns' 
Anec.  and  Trad.  p.  43. 

GARDE.  Caused ;  made.  (A.-S.)  "  He  garde 
hyroe  goo,"  Torrent  of  Portugal,  p.  28. 

GARDEBRACE.   Armour  for  the  arm.  (^.-M) 

GARDEEN.    A  guardian.     Suffolk. 

GARDEMANGER.    A  cupboard.    (Fr.) 

GARDEN.  To  garden  a  hawk,  i.  e.  to  put  her 
on  a  piece  of  turf. 

GARDEN-GINGER.    Cayenne  pepper, 

GARDEN-HOUSES.  Summer-houses, frequently 
mentioned  by  our  old  dramatists  as  places  for 
intrigue  and  debauchery.  Garden-pot,  a  water- 
ing pot,  Du  Bartas,  p.  4.  Garden-whore,  a 
very  common  whore,  Peelti's  Jests,  p.  3. 

GARDEROBE.  A  wardrobe ;  the  place  in  a 
palace  where  the  clothes  are  kept.  (Fr.) 

GARDEVIANCE.  A  chest,  trunk,  pannier,  or 
basket ;  a  bag  for  meat.  "  Scriniolum,  a  kas- 
ket  or  forsar,  a  gardiviance,"  Elyot,  1559. 
"Bagge  or  gardeviaunce  to  put  meat,in,j?mz," 
Huloet,  1552. 

GARDWYNES.    Rewards.    (A.-N.} 

Gifene  us  gersoms  and  golde,  and  gardwynes  mauy, 
Grewhouudes  and  grett  horse,  and  alkyne  gammes. 
MorteArthuie,  MS.  Lincoln,  f.  71. 

GARE.  (1)  To  make,  or  cause.    See  Perceval, 
1411  \  Isumbras,  343.    Garte,  made.    "  Make 
wgarre  to  do,  as  the  Scottish  men  say,"  Florio. 
Than  he  prayed  the  portere 
That  he  wold  be  his  messynger, 
And  gave  hym  hafe  an  ansuere. 

KS.  Lincoln  A.  i.  17,  f.  131. 
And  yf  the  kyng  me  garre  falle  can, 
What  y  am  ther  wottyth  no  man. 

MS,  Cantab.  Ff.ii.  33,  f.  246, 
^2,   Coarse  wool.     See  Blount,  in  v. 
^3)  A  signal  flag?    Arch.  xiii.  101. 
U)  Ready.    Richard  Coer  de  Lion,  6409. 

(5)  A  dart,  or  javelin.  (A.-S.) 

The  batelle  began  to  smyghte 
With  many  a  grymme  gare, 

MS,  Cantab,  Ff.  ii,  38,  f.  93. 

(6)  Gear ;  accoutrements.     West. 

G ARE-BRAINED,  Thoughtless ;  giddy.  South. 
GARE -LOCKS     A  cock's  gaffles.     Chesh. 
GARESOWNE.    A  boy,  or  youth.    (A.-N.) 

That  made  hym  knyght  of  grete  renowne 

Of  a  mysprowde  gmesowne. 

MS.  Cantab.  Ff.  11.  38,  f.  202. 

GARETT,  A  watch-tower ;  a  room  near  the  top 
of  a  building. 

Then  wa*  that  ]ady  sett 

Hye  up  in  a  garett.  SIS.  Cantab.  Ff.  ii.38,  f,  76. 
They  byganne  at  the  gretteste  5ate  a  gnrette  to  rere, 
Getten  up  fro  the  grounde  on  twelfe  sykur  postes, 
MS,  Cott.  Cutty.  A.  ii.  f.  115. 


GARFANGYL.    An  eel-spear.    Pr. 

GARFITS.     Garbage.     North. 

GARGATE.  The  throat.  Chaucer.  We  have 
gargaze  in  Kyng  Alisaunder,  3636. 

GARGEL.  A  projecting  spout  from  a  gutter, 
sometimes  made  in  grotesque  and  ornamented 
forms.  "  Gargyle  in  a  wall,  gargoille"  Pali- 
grave.  "  Gargeyld  with  grayhoundes,"  Percy, 
p.  27.  See  Prompt.  Parv.  p.  186. 

GARG1LOUN,  Part  of  the  numblcs  of  a  deer. 
See  Sir  Tristrem,  p.  387  ;  Rel.  Ant.  i.  153. 

GARGOUN.  Jargon ;  language.  (A.-N.)  See 
Wright's  Seven  Sages,  pp.  106, 107. 

GARGUT-ROOT.    Bear's-foot.    Norf. 

GARISH.  Splendid ;  shining ;  magnificent ;  fine. 
See  Lilly's  Sixe  Court  Comedies,  1632,  sig.  V. 
vi  ;  Marlowe,  ii.  44  ;  Draytpn's  Poems,  p.  225  ; 
Harrison,  p.  172.  Garishly,  Billingsley's 
Brachy-Martyrologia,  1657,  p.  35.  In  the 
provinces  it  is  used  in  the  senses  of/ rig -htenetJ, 
very  wild,  silly,  foolishly  yay. 

GARISOUN.  (1)' To  heal.     Chaucer. 

(2)  A  reward.     Garyson,  Rob.  Glouc.  p.  409. 

GARLAND.  The  ring  in  a  target  in  which  the 
prick  or  mark  was  set. 

GARLANDS.  A  common  name  for  small  col- 
lections of  popular  ballads. 

GARLE.  To  spoil  butter  in  making  by  handling 
it  with  hot  hands.  East. 

GARLED.  Variegated ;  streaked ;  spotted.  A 
term  applied  to  the  colour  of  animals.  S<ie 
Harrison,  pp.  226,  239.  "White  thiAly  Dot- 
ted vrith  red,  the  outside  spots  small,"  Batrhe- 
lor's  Orthoepical  Analysis,  1809,  p.  i;J3. 

GARLETE,     Garlic.    Pcggc. 

GARLIC-EATER.    A  stinking  fellow.     Smth. 

GARLONG.    A  garland.  Christmas  Carols,  p.  9. 

GARN.  (1)  A  garden  ;  a  garner.    JSovtft. 

(2)  Yarn.    North.    See  Kennett,  p.  03. 

GARNADE.  A  dish  in  ancient  cookery,  tl<s 
scribed  in  Ord.  and  Reg.  p.  465. 

GARNARDE.  A  wine  of  Granada.  See  the 
Squyrof  Lowe  Degre,  758. 

GARNEMENT.    A  garment.    (^.-A".) 
Tho  he  stode  up  verament, 
And  dud  upon  hym  hy«  garnemfint. 

MS.  Cantab,  Ff.  JJ.  3H»  f.  140. 

GARNER.    Properly,  a  granary ;  but  it  also  sig- 
nifies a  store-room  of  any  kind, 
GARNETOUR.     Provisions ;  livery.     (A.-N.) 
GARNETT.  (1)  A  kind  of  firework,  appearing 
like  a  flying  broom.    (Ital) 

(2)  Garnet  appille,  the  pomegranate. 
LIche  the  frute  that  is  of  suche  plcsa,nnc<», 
The  garnet  appille  of  eolourc  goWen  ht  wirt. 

Legate*  MS.  Soc.  dntlq,  134,  f,  I3L 

(3)  A  kind  of  Itinge.     0>vf,  Gloss.  Arch. 

GARNISH.  (1)  A  service  which  generally  con- 
sisted of  sets  of  twelve  dishes,  saucers,  &c. 
See  Warner,  p.  123.  To  garnish  the  tabtet  to 
set  the  dishes  on  it. 

(2)  The  fees  paid  by  a  prisoner  on  entering  gaol, 
See  Songs  of  Loadou  Prentices,  p.  57  j  and 
Grose,  in  v. 

GARNISON.    A  guard,  or  garrison* 


GAS 


.393 


GAT 


GARN-WINDLE.     A  reel  to  wind  yarn  upon. 

North.    "  A  par  garnwyn,  girgilluin"  Nomi- 

nale  MS.     See  Pr.  Parv. 
GARRACK.     Awkward.     Cumb. 
GARRANT.     A  gelding.     See  State  Papers,  iii. 

160;  Egerton  Papers,  p.  153;^mw,  Holin- 

shed,  Chron.  Ireland,  pp.  118,  156. 
GARRAY.    Array ;  troops.     Towneley  Myst. 
CARRE.    To  make  a  garment,  or  do  any  other 

work ;  to  expel.     North. 
GARRET.    The  head.     Var.  dial. 
GARRETTED.   Having  small  splinters  of  stone 

inserted  in  the  joints  of  masonry  or  flint-work. 

See  Britton,  p.  263. 

GARRICK.    An  awkward  person.     North. 
GARRING.     Chirping;  chattering.     "  Garring 

and  fliyng  of  briddus,"  Apol.  Loll.  p.  95. 
GARRON-NAILS.    Large  spike-nails.    North. 
GARRY  S.    Makes  ;  causes.     See  Gar. 
I  was  as  blythe  as  byrd  on  breyr ; 
That  ganys  me  suffer  thes  scherp  schorls. 

MS.  Lincoln  A.  i  17,  f.  51. 

GARS.     Grass,     Garsing,  a  pasture.     North. 
GARSH.    A  notch.    Palsgrave. 
GARSING.    A  method  of  bleeding  by  pricking 

the  skin  with  a  lancet.    It  differed  slightly 

from  cupping,  and  was  done  on  several  parts 

of  the  body. 

Ther  is  oo  maner  of  purgacioun  of  the  body  that 

is  y-maad  in  too  maners,  by  medicyn  outhcr  by 

bledynge;  bledyng  I  say,  either  by  veyne  or  by 

garsytiif.  MS.  Bodt.423,  f.  208. 

GARSOM.    An  earnest  penny.    North. 
G  ARSON.    A  youth ;  a  page.    (A.-N.) 

Thcr  sone  was  a  prowde  garson, 
Men  hym  clepyd  syr  Befown. 

MS*  Cantab.  Ff.  it  38,  f.  115. 

GART.    Made;  caused.    (A.-S.} 
When  he  came  into  the  halle, 
The  fole  he  gart  before  hym  calle. 

MS.  Cantab.  Ff.  ii.  38,  f.  243. 
With  scharpe  axis  of  stele, 
Mony  knyghte  gart  he  knele. 

MS.  Lincoln  A.  I.  17,  f.  131. 
GARTEN.    A  garter.    North.    Also,  corn  in 

the  sheaf.     Durham. 

GARTH.  (1)  A  yard ;  a  small  field  or  inclosure 
adjoining  a  house ;  a  churchyard ;  a  garden  ; 
an  orchard ;  a  warren.  North.  "  Garthe 
cresse,"  garden  cress. 

Tak  a  peny-weghte  of  garthe  cressc  sede,  and  gyff 
hym  at  etc,  and  gare  hym  after  a  draghte  of  gude 
rede  jvync.  MS.  Line.  Med,  f,  292. 

(2J  A  hoop,  or  band.     North. 
(3)  See  Fish~garth9,  and  Blount. 
GARTHOR.    A  garter.    Palsgrave. 
GARTHYNERE.    A  gardener.     Towneley. 
GARTLE  HEADED.    Thoughtless.    East. 
GARTLESS.    Heedless ;  thoughtless.    East. 
GASCOINES.    See  GaUy-gasMws.    « Much  in 
my  gascoines,"  Lilly,  ed.  1632,  si$.  Cc.  v.  See 
the  Widow  of  Watling  Street,  p.  29. 
GASE.  (1)  A   goose.    Skelton,  L  410;    The 

Goode  Wif  thaught  hir  DougnW,  p.  8. 
(2)  Goes.    MS.  Cantab.  It  ii.  a& 
GASB-HOUND.    A  kind  af  hound  formerly 


much  valued  for  fox  or  hare-hunting,  on  ac- 
count of  its  excellent  sight.  See  Topsell, 
1607,  p.  167. 

GASHFUL.     Ghastly ;  frightful.    East. 

GAST.  (1)  To  frighten;  to  terrify.  "Igaste, 
I  feare,"  Palsgrave.  It  is  the  part.  pa.  in  the 
following  passage. 

His  wille  was  but  to  make  hem  gcut, 
And  aftir  rewe  on  hem  at  the  last. 

Cursor  Mundi,  MS*  Coll.  Trin.  Cantab,  f.  31* 

(2)  Spirit ;  hreath ;  a  ghost,  or  spirit. 

GAST-BIRD.  A  single  partridge  in  the  shooting 
season.  Suffolk. 

GAST-COW.  A  cow  which  does  not  produce  a 
calf  in  the  season.  Kast, 

GASTER.  Same  as  Gast,  q.  v.  Ray  has  it  as 
an  Essex  word,  and  Gilford,  who  was  a  native 
of  that  county,  uses  it  in  his  Dialogue  on 
Witches,  1603. 

GASTFUL.    Frightful.    Palsgrave. 

GASTNE.     An  apparition.    Batman,  1582. 

GASTNESS.  Ghastliness.  (A.-S.)  It  occurs 
in  Chaucer  and  Shakespeare. 

GASTOYNE.    A  solitude.    (A~N.) 

GAT.  (1)  A  goat.    Nominale  MS. 

(2)  A  gap ;  an  opening.    East. 

GATCHEL.    The  mouth.    Somerset. 

GATE.  (1)  A  farm-yard.    South. 

(2)  A  way,  path,  street,   or  road.     "Go  thi 
gate,"  go  thy  way.    The  track  of  an  animal 
was  called  his  gate.    Blome,  ii.  78. 

He  lay  at  the  rychc  mannys  jate, 
Ful  of  byles  yn  the  gate. 

MS.  Harl.  1703,  f.  44. 
Hefolowed  thatne  thorowe  the  wod, 
Alle  the  gatis  that  thay  jode. 

MS.  Lincoln.  A.  i.  17,  f.  136. 

(3)  Manner ;  fashion.     Havelolc,  2419. 
GATE-DOOR.  The  street  or  outer  door.    Gaytt 

doore,  Towneley  Myst.  p.  107. 
GATE-DOWN.    A  going-down.    Palngrave. 
GATEL.    Goods  ;  property  ? 

Bevca  of  his  palfrai  alighte, 
And  tok  the  tresore  anonrighte  ; 
With  that  and  with  mor  gatel, 
He  made  the  castel  of  Arondel. 

Seves  <>/  Hamtounf  p.  12D. 

GATE-PENNY.  A  tribute  paid  by  the  custom- 
ary tenants  for  leave  to  pass^  through  one  or 
more  of  their  lord's  gates  for  the  more  easy 
passage  to  and  from  their  own  lands.  Ken- 
nett,  MS.  Lansd.  1033. 

GATE-POST-BARGAIN.  When  the  money  is 
paid  on  the  gate-post  before  the  stock  sold 
leave  the  field.  North. 

GATE-ROOM.    A  yard,  or  paddock. 

GATES.  Other  gate*,  in  another  manner.  Hatf 
gates  three,  nearly  three  o'clock. 

GATE-SCHADYUUE*  Tie  division  of  a  road 
into  two  or  more  ways,  Pir.  Parv, 

GATE-SHORD*  A  gate-way;  a  place  or  gap 
for  a  gate.  Somerset. 

GATE-WAm  A  porter,  or  gate-keeper.  (^.-5.) 

GATHER,  (1)  To  glean.    Somerset 

(2)  To  gather  up,  to  he  in  a  passion  and  scold 
any  one.  To  gather  one's  self  together,  as  A 


GAU 


394 


GAW 


roan  does  when  he  intends  to  exhibit  his 

strength. 
(3)  An  animal's  pluck.    See  Ord.  and  Ueg.  p. 

297  ;  Cotgrave,  in  v.  Hastittes. 
GATHERER.    A  moneymaker  at  a  theatre. 

There  is  one  Jhon  Russell  that  by  your  apoynt- 

ment  was  made  a  gatherer  with  us,  but  my  fellowes 

finding  [him]  often  falce  to  us,  have  many  tymes 

warni  him  from  taking  the  box, 

Alkyn  fapert,  Dulwich  College  MS,  f.  45. 
GATHEKERS.    A  horse's  teeth  by  which  he 

draws  bis  food  into  his  mouth, 
GATHERING.    Raking  mown  hay  or  corn  into 

cocks  or  rows  for  carting  it, 
GATHERS.    Out  of  the  gathers,  i.  e.  out  of 

order,  in  distressed  circumstances. 
GATLESS.    Heedless  ;  careless.    East. 
GATTERAM.    A  green  lane.    Line. 
GATTER-BUSH.  The  wild  gelder-rose,  or  dog- 

wood.   Also  called  the  gattridye. 
GATTLEHEADED.    Forgetful.     Cumb. 
GAT-TOTHED.    Chaucer,  Cant.  T.  470,  6185, 

Urry  reads  gap-totkid,  and  some  MSS.  cat- 

tothed.    It  means  having  teeth  standing  or 

projecting  out.  "  Dentes  exerti,  gag  teeth,  or 

teeth  standing  out,"  Nomenclator,  1585,  p. 

29.    Tyrwhitt  profes&es  himself  unable  (o  ex- 

plain this  word, 

GATJBERTS.    Iron  jacks  for  chimneys.  Che&h. 
GATJBY.    A  lout,  or  clown.     Derb, 
GATJCHAR,  Vexation.  "Haved  at  tbayre^aw- 

char,"  "Wright's  Pol.  songs,  p.  318. 
GAUCY.  Fat  and  comely.  North. 
GAUD.  (1)  Habit  ;  practice  ;  fashion.  Ywfak. 

(2)  A  toy,  or  piece  of  finery.     Shale.    Hence 
gaudecl,  adorned,  Coriol  ii.  1. 

(3)  A  jest,  or  trick.    Lydgate,  p,  92.    Also,  to 
sport  or  jest. 

GAUDEES.  The  larger  "beads  in  a  roll  for  prayer. 
<(  Gaudye  of  beedes,  signeau  de  patenasfre" 
Palsgrave. 

Upon  the  gaudeen  all  without 
"Was  wntte  of  golde  pur  reposttr. 

Goww,  ed.  1554,  f.  190. 

GAUDERY.  Finery;  gaiety.  It  ig  wrongly  ex- 
plained in  Skelton's  Works,  ii.  191. 

GAUDY.  Gaiety.  Also  gay.  Hence  gaudy- 
day,  a  festival  or  feast  day. 


, 

"We  maye  make  OUT  tryumphe,  I.  kej>e 
or  let  us  sette  the  cockeon  tfrehope,  and  make  good 
chere  wjfhin  dore*.  PabgrowP*  Acol&stus,  1540. 

I  have  good  cause  to  set  the  coctee  on  the  hope, 
and  make  gawfye  chere,  J6W. 

GAUDY-aREEN.  A  light  green  colour.  "Co- 
lour hit  gaude  srene,"  Ord.  and  Reg.  p.  452, 
There  is  a  very  ancient  receipt  for  making  it 
in  MS.  Harl.  2253, 

GATJF.    To  go  off.    Somerset. 

GAUGELIKG.  Tall  and  slender  in  proportion 
to  the  bulk.  Warw. 

GAUJK.    To  stare  vacantly.    North. 

GAUK-HANDED.    Left-handed,     Cravm. 

GAUKY*  A  simpleton  ;  a  clown.  Also,  awkward, 
Tor,  ®t& 

A  large  wooden  lever,    tone* 
DrawUng,    Somerset. 


GAULIC-HAKD.    The  left-hand.    North, 
GAULS*     Spots  where  grass,  corn,  or  trees, 

"have  failed.     South. 
GAXJLT.     Blue  clay.     Var.  dial 
GAUM.   To  comprehend,  or  understand  ;  to  dis- 

tinguish; to  consider;   to  fear;    to  handle 

improperly*    North    This  last  meaning  is 

found   in  Fletcher's  Poems,  p.  230,  and  is 

still  in  common  use.     In  some  places,  not  to 

gaum  a  man  is  not  to  mind  him.    Also,  to 

smear  or  maul. 
GAUMLESS.  Vacant;  half  silly.   North.  Also, 

frozen,  as  the  fingers  are. 
GAUN,    (1)    A    gallon  measure.     Var.    dial 

"  Gawnes  of  ale/'  Sharp's  Cov.  Myst.  p.  50. 
(2)  Going;  given.     North. 
GAUNCE,  (1)  Gaunt.     Skellon,  i.  64. 
(2)  To  prance  a  horse  up  and  down. 
GAUNSEL.    A  kind  of  sauce  made  of  flour  aud 

milk,  and  coloured  with  saffron  ;  formerly 

eaten  with  geese. 

GAUNT.  (1)  To  yawn.    Northttmh. 
(2)  The  old  English  name  for  Ghent. 
GAUNTRY.    A  wooden  frame  for  casks. 
GAUP.  (1)  Vulgar  or  noisy  talk.     Derby. 
(2)  To  gape,  or  stare.    Yar,  dial. 
GAUPEN.    Two  handfulls.    Hence,  an  immo- 

derate quantity.     North. 
GAUPS.    A  simpleton.    South. 
GAURE.    To  stare  ;  to  look  -vacantly.    Chaucer, 

Also,  to  cry  or  shout. 
GAUSTER.    To  laugh  loudly  ;  to  be  noit»y  ;  to 

swagger.     Craven* 
GAUVE.    To  stare  vacantly  or  rudely.    North. 

Hence  yawoy>  a  dunce. 
GAUVISON.    A  young  simpleton.    North. 
GAVEG.  A  gage,  or  pledge.  Stale  Papers,  ii.  l.'H. 
GAVEL.  (1)  A  sheaf  of  corn  before  it  is  tied 

up,  not    visually  applied    to   wheat.     AVroA, 

Cotgrave  has,  uJflj?e/er,  to  swuthti  or  gnvcll 

corne;  to  make  it  into  sheaves  or  gaviil*." 

See  also  in  v,  JS/yaveK. 

(2)  To  stare  vacantly.    Citmb. 

(3)  The  gable  of  a  building. 
GAVELKIND.    An  ancient  tenure  in  Kent,  by 

which  the  lands  of  a  father  were  divided 
among  all  his  sons,  or  the  lands  of  a  brother* 
dying  without  issue,  among  all  th«  hurvhiug 
brothers  ;  a  cu&tom  by  which  the  ft'miiU1  de- 
scendants were  utterly  excluded,  and  h&>tanh 
inherited  with  legitimate  children.  See  I^m- 
barcle's  Perambulation,  lfil»Cf  p,  550. 
GAVELOK.  A  j>poar,  or  javelin,  Tim  term  U 
still  used  in  the  North  fur  an  iron  crow  01 
lever.  See  Brockett,  p,  130, 


*  also  thkku  fin  we 
So  gualtes,  Ichil  avow*. 

Arthu&r  mid  M*rHnt  p. 
Thai  hurts  him  foule  And  »{<>tifth  hi*  Uor* 
l  wyth  darUs. 


GAVER.    Theseacray-fi»tL    Cornut. 
GAVER-HALB,    The  jack-«iapo.    D&on* 
GAW,    A  boat-pole,    Also,  ft  atrip*. 
GAWCUM.    A  aimpletoii* 
GAWFIN. 


GAY 


395 


GEE 


GAWISH.     Gay,   It  occurs  in  Wright's  Display 

ofDutie,  4to.  Lond.  1589. 
GAWK.  (1)  Clownish ;  awkward.     VOLT,  dial 

(2)  A  cuckoo.     Also,  a  fool.     North, 

(3)  To  hawk  and  spit.    Devon. 
GAWK-A-MOUTH,    A  gaping  fool.     Devon. 
GAWKSHAW.     A  left-handed  man.     Yorksh. 
GAWL.     Gold.     Somerset. 

GAWLE.     Same  as  Gale  (2). 

W«  may  not  lette  the  peple  to  gaivle  and  crye. 

MS.  Cantab  Ff.  i.  6,  f.  169. 
GAWLEY.    A  simpleton.     Warw. 
GAWMIN,    Vacant ;  stupid.     North. 
GAWNE.   Gave.   Still  in  use  in  Essex.   Howard 

Household  Books,  p.  446. 
GAWNEY.    A  simpleton.     Wilts. 
GAWN-PAIL.    A  pail  with  a  handle  on  one 

side.  Glouc.    Qu.  from  gaun  ? 
GAWT.   The  channel  through  which  water  runs 

from  a  -water-wheel.     Lane. 
GAY.  (1)  A  print,  or  picture.    **He  loved  prety 

gayes,"  Mayd  Emlyn,  p.  26. 

As  if  a  theefe  should  be  proud  of  his  halter,  a 

begger  of  his  cloutes,  a  child  of  his  gay,  or  a  foole 

of  his  bable.  Denfa  Pathway,  p.  40 

(3)  Considerable ;  tolerable.    North. 

(4)  Quick;  fast.     Var.  dial 

(5)  The  noon  or  morning.     North. 

(6)  A  gay  person.     Gawayne. 

(7)  A  small  nit  in  a  path.    Line. 
GAY-CARDS.    Court  cards.     Suffolk. 

GAY- FLO  Oil.    In  the  coal-pits  at  Wednesbury 
in  Staffordshire,  the  third  parting  or  laming 
in  the  body  of  the  coal  is  called  the  gay- 
floor,  two  foot  thick.     Kennctt,  MS.  Lansd. 
GAYLES.    Gaols.    Hall,  Henry  vi.  f.  91. 
GAYNE.    To  gainsay. 

Sche  wolde  have  had  hym  at  homefayne, 
But  ther  myght  no  speche  gayna. 

MS.  Cantab.  Ff.  ii.  38,  f.  70. 
GAYNED.    Availed.    Ellis,  ii.  247. 
GAYNESSE.    Gaiety.    Lydgate. 
GAYNESTE.    Readiest ;  nearest.    At  the  gay- 

neste,  i.  e.  at  random.    Palsgrave. 
GAYNORE.    Queen  Gueniver. 
GAYNPAYNE.  The  ancient  name  of  the  sword 
used  at  tournaments. 

Aflfter  I  tookc  the  gaynepayne*  and  the  swerd 
with  which  I  gurcle  me,  and  sithe  whang  I  was  thus 
armed,  I  putte  the  targe  to  my  syde. 

Romance  of  the  Afowfc,  Sion  College  MS. 

GAYN-STIE.    The  high- way.  Langtoft,p,  319. 
GAYNTYL.    Gentle.    Ritson. 
GAY-POLE.    A  piece  of   wood  which   goes 
across  the  interior  of  a  chimney  on  which  the 
hangers  for  the  kettles  are  hung.     Salop. 
GAYS.    Goes.    North. 

The  knyjt  answeryd  and  seycte  alia* ! 
Mornyng  to  hi»  bedd  he  gov#, 

MS.  Canttfr.  Ff ,  iJ,  38,  f.  63. 
GAYSHEN.    A  simpleton.    Cutnb. 
OAYSPAND.    Gasping? 

Grisdy  gaytpand  with  gruochand*  lotes. 

Morte  Arthur,  m.  lAnwin,  {.  68. 

GAYSTYN.    To  lodge.     Gawauw. 
GAYTE.    A  goat.  See  Perceval,  186,  254, 268, 
814,847*  Ketiq.  Antiq.  i,  52. 


GAZE.  A  deer  was  said  to  stand  at  gaze,  when 
it  stared  at  anything. 

GAZET.  A  Venetian  coin,  worth  about  three 
farthings.  This  was  the  original  price  of  the 
small  written  courants,  which  formerly  sup- 
plied the  place  of  newspapers.  Hence  the 
modern  term  Gazette. 

GAZLES.     Black  currants ;  wild  plums.    Kent. 

GE.    To  go,  as  in  the  ge-Jw  to  horses. 

GEALE.    To  freeze ;  to  congeal.    Nares. 

GEALL.    To  grieve.    Northumb. 

GEAN.    The  wild  cherry.     Var.  dial. 

GE  ANCE.    A  jaunt,  or  errand.    Jonson. 

GEAND.    A  giant.  Degrevant,  1242.    (^.-.ZV.) 

GEANT.     A  jay.     Skinner. 

GEANY.    Profitable.    Tusser. 

GEAR.  (1)  Any  kind  of  moveable  property ;  sub- 
ject, matter,  or  business  in  general.  The  latter 
sense  is  common  in  old  plays.  Still  in  use. 

f2)  A  worthless  person.     Yorksh. 

(3)  To  dress.  In  his  years,  in  good  order.  Out 
of  gear,  unwell,  out  of  order. 

GEARMENT.    Rubbish.     Yorfoh. 

GEARS.    Horse  trappings.     Var.  dial. 

GEARUM.    Out  of  order.    Lane. 

GEASON.  Scarce.  See  Geson.  "  Scant  and 
geason,"  Harrison's  England,  p.  236. 

GEAT.  (1)  Pace ;  motion.    Northumt. 

(2)  The  hole  through  which  melted  metal  runs 
into  a  mould.    MS.  Lansd.  1033. 

(3)  Jet.    See  Harrison's  England,  p.  239. 
GEAY.  (1)  To  go.    MTeriton,  p.  99. 

(2)  A  jay.    Howeirs  Lex.  (sect,  xxxix.} 

GEB.    To  hold  up  the  eyes  and  face ;  to  sneer. 

North. 
GECK.     Scorn ;  derision ;  contempt.    North. 

See  Cymbeline,  v.  4.    Also,  to  toss  the  head 

scornfully.    Hence,  an  object  of  scorn,  a  fool, 

as  in  Twelfth  Night,  v.  1. 
GECKDOR.    The  herb  goose-grass. 

GED.  (1)  A  pike.    Northumb. 
(2)  Dead ;  deceased.    Dorbysh. 
GEDDEDE.    Dead.    (A.-S.)    "  Love  is  ged- 

dede,"  Wright's  Anec.  Lit.  p.  96. 
GEDDIS.    Goods ;  property. 
Grete  gedAitt  i-nowe 

Gate  he  untalde.  MS.  Lincoln  A,  1. 17.  f.  132. 
CEDE.    Went.    Nominale  MS. 
GE0ELYNGE.    An  idle  vagabond. 

This  shame  he  hath  me  done  in  dede, 
The  gedclyngs  of  uncouthe  lede. 

Cwrw  Mundi,M$.  Cull.  Trin.  Cantab,  f. 20. 
Peter  !  sais  syr  Gawayne,  this  gladdez  myne  herto, 
That  jonc  gedlynges  are  gone,  that  made  gret  nowmbre. 
Morte  Arthurs,  MS.  Lincoln,  f.  83. 

GEDER.  To  gather  together;  to  meet.   Gedwt, 

gathered,  Tur.  Tott.  xxiv, 
GED-WAND.    A  goad  for  oxen.    North. 

GEE.  (1)  To  give,     Var.  etosl    Also,  to  tbaw. 

(2)  An  affront  \  stubbornness.    North. 

(3)  To  agree?  to  it ?  to  sraitwitn.     Var.  dial 
See  Songs  of  tfee  London  Prentices,  p.  121. 

GEEAL.    dear.    Yorfah, 
GEE  IX    Gam    Own,  given.    North. 
GEE  RING.    The  ladders  and  side-rails  of  A 
waggon*    Midland  C. 


GEM 


396 


GEO 


GEES.    Jesses,  q.  v,    Belia-  Antiq.  i.  27. 
GEESE.  A  horse's  girth  or  wider-strap.  Kence, 

to  girth  or  bind.    Devon. 
GEET.  (1)  Jet.    See  Sir  Degrevant,  1461- 
0  foyr  lady,  hewyd  as  ys  the  geet. 

MS.  Fail  fax  16. 

(2)  Goats.    Wright's  Pol.  Songs,  p.  198. 
GEFF.    Deaf.     ChesK, 
'  GETOB.    Given.    Bobin  Hood,  i.  89. 
GEFTHE.    A  gift.     Weber. 
GEG.    To  walk  carelessly.    North. 
GEGGIN.    Asmalltub.    North. 
GEHEZIE-CHEESE.     A  very   poor   cheese, 

made  of  milk  partially  skimmed.    East. 
GE-HO.    A  phrase  addressed  to  horses  to  make 
them  go.  ,  It  corresponds  to  the  Italian  Gio, 
which  occurs  in  a  similar  sense  in  the  Dialogus 
Creaturarum,  1480. 

GEITHER.    An  animal's  pluck.    Florio,  p.  1 23. 
GEITLESSE.    Without  booty. 
3i£  we  gtitlesse  goo  home,  the  kyng  wiHe  be  grevede, 
And  say  we  are  gadlynges,  agastefor  a  lyttille. 

Morte  A)  thui  e,  MS.  Lincoln,  f,  82 

GELD.  (1)  To  geld  ant-hills  is  to  cut  off  the 
tops,  and  throw  the  inside  over  the  land. 
JHerefardsh. 

(2)  To  castrate ;  but  formerly  u&ed  for  the  opera- 
tion by  which  females  are  rendered  barren. 
In  the  North  of  England,  a  cow  or  ewe  not 
with  young  is  called  a  geld  cow  or  a  geld  ewe ; 
and  the  term  is  used  in  a  similar  sense  in  the 
Towneley  Myst.  p.  75,  applied  to  a  woman ; 
Heliq..  Antiq.  ii.  210, 

(3)  A  tax,  or  imposition.    North. 

(4)  To  cleanse  wheat.    Florio,  p.  88. 
GELDING.    An  eunuch.     WicMife.    Used  for 

gadling  in  Chester  Plays,  i.  179. 
GELE.    Jelly.    Forme  of  Cury,  p.  50.     Qelide, 

made  into  a  jelly,   Ord.  and  Reg.  p.  471 ; 

Warner,  p.  89.  Geliffes, Harrison's  Description 

of  England,  p.  167. 

GELL.  (1)  To  crack,  or  split.     Norfh. 
(2)  A  large  number  or  quantity.     Warw. 
GELMYD.    Glittered.    Reliq.  Antiq.  i.  77. 
GELOUS.    Jealous.    Lydgate* 
GELOWE-FLOURE.   A  gillyflower.  Palsgrave, 
.  GELP.     Thin  insipid  liquor.     Yorksh. 
GELPE,    To  boast.    Nominale,  MS. 
GELT.  (1)  Money.    Skelton,  ii.  176. 
(2)  Barren,  or  impotent.     Yorlcsh. 
GELTHES.    Guilts.    Reliq,  Antiq.  i.  227. 
GELTIF.    Guilty.    Sevyn  Sages,  856. 
GELUCE.    Jealous.    Pr.  Parv. 
GEMEAN.    Common  j  vulgar.     Yorfah. 
GEME-FEDERS.    The  feathers  which  cover  a 

hawk's  tail.     S&mner. 
GEAIEL.    A  twin,  or  pair  of  anything.    Hence 

gemels,  a  pair  of  hinges.    This  word  occurs  in 

nany  forms.    In  some  early  writers,  quoted  by 

Jteevens.  it  seems  to  have  the  meaning  of 

'immalf  or  double  ring. 

Joynter  and  gemowx  he  jogges  in  sondyre, 

Morte  Arc/iure,  MS.  Lincoln,  f.  84. 

GEMETRY.    Geometry.    Const.  Mast.  p.  12  ; 

gentytrJ,  Lydgate's  Minor  Poems,  p.  1 1 . 
GEMMAN.    A  gentleman,     Far.  dial. 


He  was  worthy  no  lesse. 

For  vexing  with  his  pertnesse 

A  jfemman,  going  to  nu'*se. 

Ductow  Dvukble  Mte»  B.  d. 
GEMMERY.    A  jewel-house.    Blount. 
GEMMINY.    A  vulgar  exclamation  of  surprise* 

Var.  dial 

GEN.  (1)  Against.    Pegije. 
1 2)  Began.    Kyng  Alisaunder,  2540. 
GENDE.    Neat ;  pretty.     Chaucer. 
GE ND ER.    To  ring ;  to  resound ;  to  chatter  with 

the  teeth.     Craven. 
GEN  DUE.    To  engender. 

Than  wulle  folke  of  thi  peraone  expr^se, 
Saythou  artympotent  to#e?«rf/e  ui  thi  Uegr<?. 

.MS.  Cantab.  Kf.  I.  0,  L  125. 

GENE.  (1)  Genoa.    Hearne's  Langtoft. 

(2)  Given.    Hunttyng  of  the  Hare,  260. 

(3)  To  force  ;  to  compel ;  to  invite.     (.£-£) 
GENEFE.    A  knife.    Rowlands. 
GENERAL.    The  people ;  the  public.     SJtak.  . 
GENERALS.    The  archdeacon's  vibitation.    A 

term  used  at  Norwich. 
GENEREN.    Engender ;  create. 

Good  wylle  and  enemies#e/<e/en  go«xl  dy»-cr*'cio». 

MS,  Cantab.  Pf.  ii-  a«,  i.  i'.'t. 
GENEROUS,     Of  noble  birth.    Shak. 
GENEST.    The  broom  plant.    (Lai.} 
GENET.    The  wildcat.    Arch.xxix.  44. 
GENGE.    A  company  of  people;  a  retinue;  n 

family  j  a  nation.     It   occurs   hi  MS.  Cou. 

Vespas.  D.  vii.  Ps.  2 ;  Arthour  and  Merlin,  pj>, 

142,  305. 

Noghtanely  folke  and  genge  rase  ogajnL»(<iist<i» 

bot  alswa  the  kynges.  AT4T.  <W^.  Ktw.  1«>,  ^'.3. 

GENLESE.    The  cusps  or  featherings  hi  the 

arch  of  a  doorway.     W  Wyre. 
GENNER,     January.     JJrefor> 
GENOMrAIE.    A  Genoese.    Xarcs, 
GENT.     Neat ;  pretty ;  gallant ;  courteous  ;  m>« 

ble.    (A.N.) 
GENTERIE.    Courtesy ;  honour.  (,/.-.V.)  (*Vv*. 

triose,  Degrevunt,  4Hl;//^mdv  K.  Ctlouc,  ji. 

66.     Gentry,  Ilamlet?  ii.  U. 
GENTILE.    Gentle  ;  genteel  j  well-boru  ;  gen- 

tleman-Hke.      Gwtttlhfte,  beautifully,  finely, 

genteelly.    (^.-^V.) 
GENTILITY.    Gentilisai.    Hooper. 
GEN  TIN.    Projecting ;  in  the  way.  Jtwtkutnb. 
GENTLE,    A  gentleman.    Shttk.    Conunoti  in 

old  ballads.    See  Eglamour,  112,1000. 
GENTLEMAN-USHER.    Originally  astute  offi- 
cer, attendant  upon  queens  arid  other  persons 

of  high  rank.    Afterwards,  a  sort  of  upper- 

servant,  whose  duty  it  was  to  hand  his  mistress 

to  the  coach,  and  walk  before  hftr  bareheaded, 

though  in  later  times  she  leaned  upon  his  arm. 
.  See  Nares,  in  v. 

GENTLERY-MEN.  The  gentry.  (^.-M) 
GENTLES.  Maggots  or  grubs.  Var+dtel 
GENTLY.  Gently  with  a  ruah,  I  e.  be  not  too 

impetuous.    North. 

GENTRY-CUPPIN.    A  gentleman.    Debtor. 
GENZIE.    An  engine  of  war.    See  Local  Hi*t 

Tab.  Book,  Trad.i.  247. 
GEOMESIE.    Mensuration,   "Oometrie  and 

geomesie,"  P.  Ploughman,  p.  1^6. 


GER 


397 


GES 


GEOMETER.    Agauger.     Taylor. 
GEORDIE.     George,     North. 
GEORGE-NOBLE.    A  gold  coin,  temp.  Hen. 

VIIL  worth,  about  6*.  8^.    See  Jacob,  in  v. 
GEOSE.    A  hut  for  geese.    North. 
GEOTER.    A  caster  of  metals.     (A.-N.} 
GEP.    A  scuttle.     Craven. 
GEPON.  A  pourpoint  or  doublet.  SeeClariodes 

in  Sir  Tristrem,  p.  375. 
GER.     See  Gar,  Gare,  and  Gear. 
GERAFLOUR.    The  gffliflower.    Baret. 
GERBE.     A  handful  of  hay.    Somerset. 
GERDOLES.     Girdles.     Weber. 
GERE.     Same  as  Gear,  q.  v. 
GEREVE.    A  guardian,  or  governor. 
GERFAWCON.     A  kind  of  large  falcon.  A  ger- 
faul;  Gy  of  Warwike,  p.  26  ;  ffersfau&un,  MS. 
Addit.  11579,  f.  98. 

A  gerfaivcon  whyte  as  mylke, 
In  all  thys  worlde  ys  non  swylk. 

MS.  Cantab.  Ff.  Ii.  38,  f.  150. 

GERGEIS.    Greeks.    Will.  \Verw.  p.  80. 

GERINESSE.     Cliangeableness. 
I  wasadrad  so  ofhiregerinessa, 
That  ray  lyff  was  but  a  dedly  gladnesse. 

Occleve,  MS.  Soc.  Antiq.  134,  f.  250. 

GERISH.  Wild;  unconstrained.  Gerysske, 
Lydgate's  Minor  Poems,  p.  245. 

GERKIN.    A  gerfawcon,  q.  v.    MarKJiam. 

GERL.  A  young  person  of  either  sex.  (A.-S.} 
"  Knave  gerlys,"  Cov.  Myst.  p.  181. 

GER-LAUGHTERS.  Persons  who  laugh  extra- 
vagantly and  noisily.  See  Melton's  Sixe-fold 
Politician,  1609,  sig.  M.ii. 

GERMAINE.    A  seed,  or  bud.    Shak. 

GERMAN.    A  brother.    Spenser. 

GERN.  (1)  To  grin;  to  snarl.  North.  It  also 
means,  to  yawn. 

And  gryrnly  gyrnne  on  hym  and  blere, 
And  hydowse  braydes  make  hym  to  fere. 

Hampole,  MS.  3<twes,  p.  72, 

(2)  To  open ;  to  come  unsewn.     Yorfak. 
GERNADE.    Granada,    Chaucer. 
GERNE.    Promptly;  earnestly. 

Than  thou  gysed  the  gerne,  ami  gafe  the  to  goo. 

MS.  Lincoln  A.  I.  17,  f.  232. 
GERNETER.    The  pomegranate.     See  a  list  of 

plants  in  MS.  Sloane  5,  f.  3. 
GERNIER.    A  granary.    Palsgrave. 
GERMING.    Yearning;    desire.    It  occurs  in 

MS.  Cott.  Vespas.  D.  vii.  Ps.  20. 
GERRE.    Quarrelling.    Nares. 
GERRED.    Bedawbed.    Exmoor. 
GERRICK.    The  sea-pike.     Cornw. 
GERSE.  (1)  Grass.    North. 
(2)  Causes ;  makes.    (A.-S.) 

Wale  thou  nojte  wele  that  a  wolfe  chasez  a  grete 

floke  of  ftchepe,  and  gerse  thame  sparple.     Righte  BO 

and  the  wywiotne  of  the  Grekea  passes  oth«r  nacyons. 
Af S.  Lincoln  A.  i.I7»f- 14. 

GERSING.    Pasturage.    North. 
GERSQM.    Treasure;  reward.    "  Gertom  and 
gold,"  Reliq.Antiq.ii.  217. 

Thou  salle  have  gtn&nttvXto  grett, 
That  gayne  salle  the  evere. 

Morte  Arthurs,  MS,  Line,  In,  f.65. 

GERT.  (1)  Caused ;  made.    U.-S.) 


Scho  said  untillc  h>m,  Sone,  quod  acho.  what  c* 
that  ?  Ms  thi  foh  hafe  made  it,  quod  he,  so  it  cs  I 
Andtharme  he^r^  beiyehym  wirchipfully. 

JITS.  Lincoln  A.  i.  17,  f.  1. 

(2)  Pushed  ;  pierced.     Weber. 

(3)  Great.     Devon. 

GERTTE.     Girt  ;  girded,     Ritson. 
GERUND-GRINDER.    A  schoolmaster. 
GERY.      Changeable.      See  Lydgate's   Minor 

Poems,  p.  24.     It  seems  to  mean  giddy  in 

Skelton,  i.  157.    See  Gerzsh. 
GESARNE.    The  garbage.    Gyserne,  Palsgrave. 

Tak  the  gesarne  of  a  hare,  and  stampc  it,  and 
temper  it  with  water,  and  gyf  it  to  the  seke  mane 
or  womane  at  drynke.  MS  Line.  Med.  f,  305. 

GESERNE.  A  battle-axe.  (^.-Ar.) 
They  smote  of  wyth  thor  gefternes, 
Fete  and  honde,  schouldur  and  armes. 

MS.  Confab.  Ff.  ii.  38,  f.  168". 
GESINE.    Childbed;  confinement    Ingesene, 
Hardyng's  Chron.  f.  133. 

Bothe  on  a  nijt  l^ter  were  thai, 
And  bothe  at  ones  in  ge#yn  lay. 
Cursor  Mundi,  MS.  Coll.  7>in.  Cantab,  f.  54. 

GESLINS.  Goslings.  Also,  the  early  blos- 
som of  the  willow,  which  some  have  believed 
fell  into  the  water  and  became  goslings. 
North. 

GESON.  Rare;  scarce.  See  Black's  Pen. 
Psalms,  p.  31,  where  the  Cambridge  MS.  reads, 
*'  false  othes  ben  holden  in  sesone." 

In  werke  they  wercn  never  so  nyee, 
Ne  of  moo  good  livercs  geson. 

MS.  Cantab.  Ff.  ii.  38,  f.  23. 
Let  not  thy  tonge  spckc  thy  wylle, 
Lawghyng  and  s.peche  in  thy  mouthe  be  geson. 

MS.  Ibid.  f.  24. 

Reoeyve  her  than  and  make  no  mor  ado, 
Thou  might  seke  farre  and  the  world  is  geton. 

MS.  Laud.  416,  f.  52. 
GESS.     Sort  ;  kind.    Somerset. 
GESSARE.    One  who  guesses.    Pr.  Part. 
GESSE.  (1)  To  guess.    Chaucer. 

(2)  Guests.    Park. 

(3)  To  aim  at  a  mark.    See  Palsgrave. 
GESSERAWNTJE.    A  sort  of  jacket  without 

sleeves,  composed  of  small  oblong  plates  of 
iron  or  steel  overlapping  each  other,  and  some- 
times covered  with  velvet.    (A+-N.) 
And  a  fyne  gesserawnte  of  gentille  mayles. 

Mortt  Arthurs  >  US.  Lincoln,  f.  84. 
GESSES.     Same  as  Jesses,  q.  v. 
GESSID.    Valued.    Baler. 
GEST.  (1)  A  deed,  history,  or  tale.    (A.-N.) 
Romances  were  termed  gestes. 

Thys  same  tale  tellyth  seynt  Bede, 
Yn  hys  geatyt  that  men  rede. 

3f&  Htxrl.  1701,  f.  17. 

(2)  A  guest.    Octovian,  75.    "  Gkde  tlie  with 
thi  geste,"  MS,  Lincoln,  f.  133. 

(3)  A  lodging  or  stage  for  rest  in  a  progress  or 
journey.    Kersey* 

(4)  Gesture  of  the  body*    Denser. 
GESTENED.   IxnUged  See  Gesta  Homanorum, 


«ay  hebi  that  sijt, 

with  him  that  nyjt. 

ColL  Trin.  Cantab,  f.  17. 


GEW, 


398 


GIB 


GESTENING.  Lodging;  feasting;  entertain- 
ment for  guests.  The  old  priory  great  hall, 
part  of  the  deanery  house  in  Worcester,  is 
called  the  Gesten-hall,  MS.  Lansd.  1033.  See 
Torrent  of  Portugal,  p.  58  ;  Gesta  Rom.  p.  19  ; 
Gy  of  Warwike,  p.  243 ;  Arch.  xxix.  342. 
Gestonye,  Torrent  of  Portugal,  p.  100;  gist- 
ninge,  Reliq.  Antiq.  ii.  277. 

The  emperour  was  glad  of  that  tydyng, 
And  made  Befyse  gode  geatenynge 

MS.  Cantab.  Ff.  n  38,  f.  115. 

GfiSTLE.  To  prance  a  horse  backwards  and 
forwards  5  to  stumble. 

GE  STUNG.  The  meeting  of  the  members  of 
the  Cinque  Ports  at  Rornney,  co.  Kent. 

GESTOUR.  A  tale-teller ;  a  relater  of  gests  or 
romances.  Chaucer. 

GESYLY.    Fashionably.    (A.-N.} 

Suche  was  his  appetyde  and  hertis  desire 
To  bearaide  geayly  of  a  straunge  at  tyre. 

MS.  Laud.  416,  f.  73. 

GET.  (1)  To  get  dead,  to  die.  To  get  life  in  one, 
to  revive  him.  North. 

(2)  Fashion  j  custom ;  behaviour ;  contrivance, 
Chaucer. 

(3)  To  be  scolded,  or  beaten,     rar.  dial 

(4)  Stock ;  breed ;  income.    North. 

(5) That  which  is  begotten;  procreation.  See 
Towneley  Myst  Gloss,  in  v. 

(6)  A  goat.     Reliq.  Antiq.  ii.  275. 

(7)  To  swagger ;  to  brag.     Palsgrave. 

(8)  Booty ;  gain.     Gawayne. 
GET-AGATE,    To  make  a  beginning  of  a  work 

or  thing.    North. 
GETARNYS.     Guitars.     SirCleges,  101.  "  Ru- 

fcibis  and  geterns,"  MS.  Fairfax  16. 
GETE.    A  jet.     See  Sir  Degrevant,  1461. 
Johne,  as  the  gete  or  germandir  gente, 
As  jasper  the  jewelle  of  gentille  perry. 

MS.  Lmwfn  A.  1. 17,  f.231. 

GETEE.    A  part  of  a  building  which  projects 

beyond  the  rest  ,•  a  jettie.    Pr.  Parv. 
GETHE.    Goeth.    Chaucer. 
GETON.    Gotten.    Also,   begotten.    Sir  Egla- 
monr,170,13,292.     Getten,  got.   Line.    See 
Hawkins,  i.  237,  gitton,  got,  found. 
GETOUN.    A  banner,  ])roperly  two  yards  m 

length.    Arch.  xxii.  397. 
GET-PENNY.    An  old  term  for  a  play  that 

turned  out  profitable.   Jonson, 
GETTAR.    A  bragger.    Palsgrave. 
GBTTFRON.    Same  as  Getoun,  q.  v. 

Thau  banners  waadferilayed  fayre  in  the  wyrrde, 
That  a  mail  his  rnaiater  myght  th«  better  fynde, 
With  getteiofia  atwl  pencellee  of  sundry  hew. 

MS.  Lansd.  208,  f.  20. 
GETTING-AWAY.     Near ;  approaching  to.    A 

Suffolk  phrase. 
GETTOUR.    A  bragger,  or  boaster. 

Thys  gentylrnen,  thys  ffettour*, 
They  bea  but  Goddys  turrnentours. 

f.O. 


GETTS.  Earnings,  rar.  dial. 
GEW-GAW.  A  Jew's  harp.  North. 
GEW-GOG.  A  gooseberry.  Suffolk. 
GsB'WTT.  Giveth.  Nominal**  MS. 


Ala?,  alas,  and  alas  why 
Hath  fortune  done  so  crewely  ? 
Fro  me  to  take  awey  the  soyte 
Of  that  that  geivit  my  hert  lyte. 

MS.  Cantab.  Ff.  i.  6,  f.  Uft 

GEY.    Joy.    Frere  and  the  Boy,  x. 
GEYLERE.    A  gaoler. 

He  gave  hym  the  keyes  there, 

And  rtiade  hym  hy»  geylere. 

SIS.  Cantab.  Ff.  ii.  38,  f.  1H4 

GEYN.    Denial  ;  refusal. 

Their  is  no  geyii  ne  excusacion, 

Til  the  trouthe  be  rypecl  to  the  roote. 

MS.  dthmol«  5f»,  f.  If>4 


GEYNEBYYNE.    To  ransom.    Pr. 
GEYNECOWPYNE.    To  hinder  ;  to  withstand 

Pr.  Parv.  p.  189.    See  also  Ga'mcope. 
GEYRE.  A  kind  of  eagle,  mentioned  in  Florio, 

ed.!611,p.  609. 
GEYST.      A  guest.     "  Take,  ray  (feysf,  se'ul 

Adam  than,"  MS.  Cantab.  Ff.  v.48,  f.  50. 
GEYT.    Goats.    State  Papers,  iii.  3. 
GEYZENED.    Parched  with  'thirst     North. 
GHEET.  (1)  Jet.    Walter  Mapes,  p.  351. 
(2)  Goats.    Reynard  the  Foxe,  p.  44. 
GHELLS.    The  game  of  trip.     Grose. 
GHENGE.    The  depth  of  a  furrow.    /.  Wight. 
GHERN,    A  garden.    Ber&s, 
GHESSE.    To  guess.    Spenser. 
GHETKIN.   A  cucumber.    Coles. 
GHEUS.    Beggars,  a  term  of  reproach  for  tlio 

Flemish  Protestants.    Phillips. 
GHIZZERN.     The  gizzard.    Line,    We  have 

gyssarne  in  an  early  MS.  collection  of  medical 

receipts  at  Lincoln,  apparently  in  the  bume 

sense. 
GHOST.    A  dead  body.    Also,  to  haunt  as  a 

ghost.     Skak. 

GHOWER.    To  jar,  or  brawl.    Rvmoor. 
GHYBE.     To  gibe,  or  scold.    North. 
GIAMBEUX.   Boots.    Spenser. 
GIB.  (1)  A  young  gosling-.    Line. 
(2)  A  horse  that  shrinks  from  the  collar,  and  will 

not  draw.  North.   tl  Gybbe  horse,  marutwux" 

Pr.  Parv.  p.  192. 
|3)  A  hooked  stick.   North. 
'4)  A  piece  of  wood  used  in  supporting  the  roof 

of  a  coal-mine. 

(5)  A  contraction  of  Gilbert,  and  formerly  a 
common  name  for  a  cat.  3ee0t£-or/.  It  is  also 
used  as  a  term  of  reproach  to  a  woman, 
"  Playeth  the  gib,"  Schole  House  of  Women, 
p.  73,  i.  e.  the  wanton. 

(6)  A  bump,  or  swelling.    (A,»N.) 
GIB-A-LAMB.    A  young  lambkin  just  dropped 

from  its  dam.    Devon. 
GIBBBll,    To  chatter.    Hamtet,  i.  1.    Hence 

gibber-gabber,  idle  talking,  Tuj&cr,  p.  2-f6. 

Gilrish,  Jlorio,  pp.  60,  76. 
GIBBET.  (1)  A  violent  faJL  Suffolk.  To  gibbet 

a  toad,  to  place  it  on  a  lath  or  piece  of  wooden 

hoop,  and  by  striking  oae  end  precipitate  it 

sufficiently  to  cause  death- 

(2)  Same  as  tt$etle,  q.  v* 

(3)  To  hang,  usually  da  a  gaUOws,  but  also  on  or 
upon  anything. 


GIF 


399 


GIL 


GIBBLE-GABBLE.     Idle,    nonsensical    talk 

Suffolk.  "  Any  rude  gibble-gabhle,"  Cotgrave 

in  v.  Barragoiiin. 
GIBBOL.    The  sprout  of  an  onion  of  the  second 

year.    West.    From  cliilol 
GIBBON.    A  hooked  stick.    North. 
GIB  BY-HEELS.    Kihed  heels.   Somerset. 
GIBBY-LAMB.   A  c.  stratcd  lamb.    West. 
GIBBY-LEGS.    Legs  that  are  thinner  on  the 

calf  side  than  the  other.    Devon. 
GIBBY-STICK.   Same  as  Gillon,  q.  v. 
GIB-CAT.  A  male-cat,  now  generally  applied  to 

one  that  has  been  castrated.    "  As  melancholy 

as  a  gibb'd  catt,"  HowclFs  English  Proverbs, 

p.  10.    "  A  gibb,  or  old  male  cat,"  Ho\v  ell's 

Lex.  Tet.  1C  60. 
GIBE.    To  mock,  or  jest.    "A  merry  jester  or 

giber,"  Florio,  ed.  1611,  p.  72. 
GIB-FISH.    The  milter  of  the  salmon.  North. 
GIBIER.    Game.    Rutland  Papers,  p.  27. 
GIBLETS.    Ibgs ;  tatters.    Kent. 
GIBRALTAR-ROCK.    Veined  sweetmeat,  sold 

in  lumps  resembling  a  rock. 
GIBRIDGE.    Gibberish.    Cotgrave. 
GIB-STAFF,    A  quarter-staff.    North. 
GID.  (1)  A  guide,  or  leader. 

I  will  hold  me  byhind  and  thi  men  led, 
Rid  with  the  rerward  and  bcther#K 

Roland,  MS.  LuH*d.  38H,  f.  380. 

(2)  Gave.    Somerset. 

GIDDED.    Hunted.     Mirr.  Mag.  p.  418,  ap. 
Kares.    It  seems  to  mean  guided,  directed,  in 
Phimpton  Corr.  p.  129. 
GIDDY.  (1)  Furious ;  very  angry.     North.    To 

go  giddy,  to  $o  in  a  passion. 
(2)  A  term  applied  to  sheep  that  have  hydatides 

on  the  brain.    Line. 

GIDDYGANDER.  The  orchis.    Dorset. 
GIDERNE.    A  standard,  or  banner.  (A.-N.) 
GIDINGS.    Manners.    Pakgrautt. 
GIE.  (1)  To  give.    North  and  West. 
(2)  To  guide,  direct,  or  rale.    (A.-S.) 
Ne  venjaunco  thcr  no  place  ocupyeth, 
Where  iimocence  a  soule  ungilty  gynth. 

Legate,  MS.  Soc.  Antlq.  134,  f.7» 
Scheldeus  fro  schamtsdedeand  synfullo  wcikcs, 
And  gyffo  us  grace  to  gye  and  governs  us  here. 

Mt>rte  Arthurs,  MS.  Lincoln,  f.  53. 

GIER-EAGLE.    A  kind  of  eagle  mentioned  in 

Levit  xi.  18 ;  Deut.  xiv.  17. 
GIB&T,    A  joist.    Hollyband,  1593. 
GIF.    If.    North. 

I  wil  go  aboote  thi  nede, 
For  to  la&egt/  I  may  *peo>. 

JfcW.  Cantab.  Ff.  v.  48,  f.  62. 
Dame,  to  aayde,  &fce  chat  be, 
That  <Uye  ichalte  thou  never  we, 
Gttffl  w*y  rede  ryghte. 

MS,  JJmeoln  A.  i.  17.  f.  11^. 

GIFEEOUS.    Covetoos;  scraping.    Cumb. 
GIFF-GAFF.    ConTcrsaticwa.    A&o,  mutual  ac- 

commodation.    North, 
GIFFIN,    A  trifle-    Somerset. 
GIFFLE.    To  be  restless.    ^#x>/». 
GIFT.  (1)  To  give  a  gift,  i.  &  to  make  a  mo- 

lutioia,    This  pliras*  occurs  in 

168 1  MS.  Cautab.  Ff.  I  6rf.  $. 


(2)  A  bribe.    MS.  Cott.  Vespas.  D.  vii, 
GIFTS.    White  specks  on  the  finger-nails,  por- 

tending gifts,     far.  dial 
GIFTY-DAY.    A  boon-day  ;  a  day's  wort  given 

by  neigbbour  to  neighbour.    Leic. 
GIG.  (1)  A  machine  used  in  raising  cloth,  to 

prepare  it  for  dressing.    North. 

(2)  A  long,  slender,  light  pleasure-boat  used  on 
tbe  river  Tyne. 

(3)  A  silly  flighty  person.    East.    "  Fare  noght 
as  zgygge,"  The  Goode  Wif. 

(4)  An  old  machine  for  winnowing  corn.    Bat- 
chelor's  Orth.  Anal.  p.  133. 

(5)  To  hasten  along.    Devon. 

(C)  A  top.  See  Florio,  pp.  124,  324,  351,  370  ; 
Nomcnclator,  p.  297.  The  term  was  also  ap- 
plied to  a  small  toy  made  with  geese-feathers, 
used  by  fowlers  for  decoying  birds. 

(7)  A  cock.  Nominale  MS.  This  may  possibly 
be  the  meaning  of  the  word  in  Chester  Plays, 
i.  123,  although  the  alliteration  seems  to  re- 
quire pyggesfoote. 


(8)  A  fiddle.    Juniw. 
(9) 


To  talk,  or  chatter.     Coles. 
(10)  A  hole  made  in  the  earth  to  dry  flax  in. 
lane. 

IIGGA-JOGGIE.    To  shake,   or   rattle.     See 
Florio,  pp.  75,  144,  198,439. 
EGGING.    Sounding,    Skinner. 
IGGISH.    Trifling;   silly;   flighty;    wanton. 
Giygmc,  Skelton,  i.  410.    East. 
GIGGLE.    A  flighty  person.    Salop.    Cotgrave 

has  this  word,  in  v.  Gaflrouittette. 
GIGLET.  A  giddy  romping  girl.  West.  This 
term,  in  curly  writers,  generally  implies  wan- 
tonness or  fickleness.  It  occurs  under  various 
forms,  as  yybelot  in  Pr.  Parv.  pp.  193,  194, 
which  the  editor  "wrongly  considers  an  error. 
See,  however,  the  examples  here  given.  Gyblot 
is  also  found  in  the  Bowes  MS,  of  Robert  de 
Brunne,  p.  56.  See  Wright's  Pol  Songs,  p. 
154  ;  Ben  Jonson,  iii.  124  ;  Middleton,  n.  115  ; 
Reliq.  Antiq.  iL  40  ;  Euplmes  Golden  Legacie, 
p.  88;  Stanihurst,  p.  26;  Lilly,  ed.  1632,  sig. 
Dd.  vi.  Gigget,  Cotgrave,  in  v.  Beau.  Th* 
proverb  quoted  from  MS.  Douce  52  occurs  in 
the  Schole  House  of  Women,  p.  75, 
Ne  jit  to  no  cokefyghtyng,  achetyng, 
As  it  wer  a  strumpet  other  a  gygbote. 

MS,AshmQle$l,f.  7. 
A  messc  y*  y-noghe  for  the, 
The  touthor  svblot  late  hyt  be. 

MS,  Hurt.  1701,  f.20. 
The  smaller  pc*un,  the  more  to  pott, 
The  fayrcr  woman  the  more  gyittet. 

SitS.  Douc«  52. 

GIG-MILLS.    Mills  used  for  t^e  perching  aud 

burling  of  clotto.    Blomt. 
GIGSY.    A  wanton  wencH  ;  ft  whotfe. 
GIKB.    To  creak.    North. 

ILCUK    ThtWtef<to$    Dorset 
GILBBD.    *p«y.    An  old  cant  tenp. 
GILDENB.    00t    Manndevile,p.  81. 
GILDER.    A  snare.    "  Tke  gilder  of  dispara- 
MS*  Liacoln  A.  1  17,  f.  21.    It  also 
iia  MS.  Oott  Vespas.  P.  vii.  Ps.  10. 


GIL 


400 


GIN 


Still  used  in  the  Norlh  for  a  snare  for  catch- 
ing birds. 

GTL&S.    Tillage  greens  or  commons.     Norm. 

GILE.  See  Chester  Plays,  i.  51.  Perhaps  syno- 
nymous with  gaye,  the  reading  of  MS.  Bodl. 
175.  Gaote,  MS.  Harl. 

GILEYSPEKE.    A  trap,  or  device,    ffearne. 

GILIR.  A  deceiver.  See  Urry,  p.  550,  where 
the  Camb.  MS.  reads  gitour,  q.  v. 

GILL,  fl)  A  rivulet;  a  ravine,  narrow  valley, 
or  dell;  a  ditch,  far.  dial  According  to 
Kennett, «  a  breach  or  hollow  descent  in  a  hill. 

(2}  A  pair  of  timber-wheels.     Norf. 

(3)  A  wanton  wench.     Kennett.    It  was  for- 
merly a  generic  name  for  a  woman. 

(4)  The  jaw -hone.    Somerset. 

(5)  A  coarse  apron.    Prompt.  Parv. 

(6)  A  little  pot.    Prompt.  Pare. 
GILLABER.    To  chatter  nonsense.     North. 
GILL-ALE.    The  herb  ale-hoof.    Devon* 
GILL-BURNT-TAIL.  An  ancient  jocular  name 

for  the  ignis  fatuws. 
GILL-CREEP-B  Y-THE-GROUND.  Ground  ivy. 

Somerset. 
GILLER.    Several  horse  hairs  twisted  together 

to  form  a  fishing-line.     CkesJi. 
GILLERY,    Deceit ;  trickery.    North. 

Also  here  es  forbodene  gillery  of  weghte,  or  of 

tale,  or  of  mett,  or  of  mesure,  or  ttioiow  okyre  or 

violence,  or  drede.          MS.  LwieoZn  A.  i.  17,  f- 1 

And  jyf  he  lerne  gylerye, 

Fals  wuiUe  and  feynt  treulyng  with  ye, 

MS.  Hart.  1701,  f.  33. 
GILLET.    An  instrument    used  in  thatching, 

SeeTusser,  p.  147. 

GILLETING.    Wedging  the  interstices  of  ash- 
lar work  with  small  flint. 
GILL-FLIRT.    A  nighty  girl.    Kent. 
GILL-HOOTER.    An  owl.     Chesh.      - 
GILLIVER.    A  wanton  wench.     North. 
GILLOFERS.    Carnations,  pinks,  and  sweet- 
williams.    Whence  the  modern  term   GilH- 
flower. 

GILLORE.     Plenty.    Robin  Hood,  ii,  144. 
GILLOT.    Same  as  Giglet,  q.  v. 
GILLYVINE-PEN,    A  black-leaded  pencil. 
GILOFRE.    Cloves.     Rom.  Rose,  1368. 
GILOUR.    A  deceiver.    (^.-A) 

For  where  groundist  thou  inGoddis  lawe  to  close 
men  in  stones,  bot  if  it  were  wode  men,  or  gilawes 
of  the  pu  pie.  MS.  Dtgby  4 1 ,  f .  6. 

GILRY.    Deceit.    Ywaine  and  Gawain,  1604. 
Mony  a  shrew  ther  is 

On  nyjt  and  als  on  day, 
And  proves  oft  with  thaire  gilry 
How  thai  myjt  men  betray. 

MS.  Cantab,  Ff.  v.  48,  f,  81. 
Hyt  ys  a  tokene  of  felunnye 
To  weyte  hym  with  swych  ffylrye. 

MS.  Harl.  1701,  f.  44. 
GILSE.    A  kind  of  salmon.     North. 
GILT.  (1)  A  spayed  sow.     Var.  dial.    Some- 
times, a  young  pig  or  sow. 

Tak  unto  the  mane  the  gdlle  of  the  galte,  and  to 
the  womane  the  galle  of  the  gilt. 

MS.  Unc.  Med.  f.  312 
(2)  Gold,  or  money     Middleron,  iL  197-  , 


(3)  To  commit  a  fault.    Palsgrave. 
GILTELESS.    Guiltless.     Chaucer. 
GILTIFE.    Guilty.   "  Yf  otherwise  I  be  giUifs9 
Gower,  erl.  1554,  s%.  L.  ii. 

Now  c.xefh  further  of  my  l^f, 
For  hereof  am  I  not  gtltyf. 

Cower,  3/5.  Soc.  Antiq.  134,  f.  54. 

GILT-POLL.    The  fish  gilt-head.     West. 

GILVER.    To  ache; to  throb.    East.      - 

GIM.     Neat ;  spruce ;  smart.     Var.  diaL 

GIMAL.    A  vault,  or  vaulting1. 

GIMBER.  To  gossip ;  to  gad  about.  North. 
Generally  used  in  a  bad  sense. 

GIMBLE.    To  grin,  or  smile.    East. 

GIMBO.    A  bastard's  bastard.     Chesh. 

G1MBOL.  A  device ;  a  gimcrack.  See  Stani- 
hurst,  p.  16  ;  Iloiinshedj  Chron.  Ireland,  p.  93. 

GIMELL.    A  double  tree.     North. 

GIMLET-EYE.    A  squint-eye.     Var.  dial. 

GIMLICK.    A  gimlet.    North. 

GIMLIN.  (1)  A  large,  shallow  tub,  in  which 
bacon  is  salted,  horth. 

(2)  A  smiling  or  grinning  face.    East. 

G1MMACE.  A  hinge.  Somerset.  When  a  cri- 
minal was  hung  in  chains,  he  was  said  to  be 
hung  in  gimmaces.  The  term  gimmes  seems 
to  mean  hinges  or  hooks  in  Davies's  Ancient 
Rites,  ed.  1672,  pp.  51,  56. 

G IMM AL.  A  sort  of  double  ring  curiously  con- 
structed. It  is  spelt  ffimmew  in  Ilollyband's 
Dictionarie,  1593.  A  couple  of  anything  was 
called  a  gimmal.  "  The  gitnmews  or  joynts 
of  a  spurr,"  Howell,  1660. 

GIMMER.  (1)  A  female  sheep  from  the  first  to 
the  second  shearing;  one  that  has  not  been 
shorn.  North.  Also,  a  two  years  old  sheep. 
"  Bidua,  a  gymbyre,"  NominaleMS.  Kennettt 
MS.  Lansd.  1033,  has  ffimmer^hog^  an  ewe 
of  one  year ;  gimmer-trec,  a  tree  that  grows 
double  from  the  root. 

(2)  A  gimcrack.    See  Nares,  in  v. 

'3)  A  hinge.    North  and  East. 

S4)  An  old  drab.    Newcastle. 
-IMP.    Neat ;  handsome.    North. 

GIMPLE.    A  wimple.    Strutt,  ii.  44. 

GIMSON,  A  gimcracV.  Gimsoner,  one  who 
makes  clever  gimcracks,  East. 

GIN.  (1)  Gave;  to  give.     Var.  dial 

(2)  Engine;  contrivance,    (A-N.)    Still  used 
for  a  trap  or  snare,  in  which  sense  it  is  com- 
mon in  old  writers. 

Hhe  may  wist  fay  a  gyna 

That  the  fcnyght  was  comt'nc  inc. 

MS.  Untvln  A.  I.  17,  f.  135, 

(3)  To  begin.    See  Macbeth,  i,  2. 

(4)  A  wooden  perpendicular  axle,   which  has 
arms  projecting  from  its  upper  part,  to  which 
ahorse  is  fastened.    Salop.  Antiq.  p.  442. 

(5)  If.    North.    See  Brockctt,  p.  m. 
GINDE.    To  reduce  to  pieces*    This  occurs  In 

MS.  Egcrton  614,  Ps.  28. 

GING.  (1)  Kxcrementum.    North. 

(2)  Company ;  people.  (//.-£)  Se«  KyiagAJdU 
saunder,  922,  1509  j  Richard  CocrdcUott, 
4978.  This  form  is  used  by  Draytoo,  Gflsette, 
and  other  contemporary  authori,  but  errone- 


GIR 


401 


GIS 


ously  supposed  by  Nares  to  be  "  a  mere  cor- 
ruption of  gang''1  See  Downfall  of  R.  of 
Huntingdon,  p.  44 ;  Songs  and  Carols,  x. 

BINGAWTRE.  A  dish  in  ancient  cookery,  made 
chiefly  of  cod  and  haddock.  It  is  spelt  gyn- 
gawdry  in  MS.  Sloane  1201,  f.  48.  See  also 
Forme  of  Cury,  p.  47 ;  Warner,  p.  70. 

GINGED.     Bewitched.    Escmoor. 

GINGEFERE.  Ginger.  "Gingiver  and  galin- 
gale,"  Rembnin  Gy  Sone,  p.  421. 

GINGER.  (1)  A  pale  red  colour.  Florio  men- 
tions  a  colour  called  gingirline,  p.  209. 

(2)  Brittle ;  tender ;  delicate.     South. 

GINGERBREAD-DOTS.  Gingerbread  nuts  of 
a  dumpy  form,  not  flat.  East, 

GINGER-GRATE.     Grated  ginger,    Palsgrave. 

GINGER-HACKLED.  Red-haired.  Var.dial 
Grose  and  Carr  have  ginger-pated, 

G I N  G  E  RLY.  Carefully ;  with  caution ;  quietly ; 
adroitly.  Var.  dial.  So  in  Cotgrave,  "  Alter 
a  patt  »if>nut  to  goe  nicely,  tread  gingerly, 
utincc  it  like  a  maid." 

CJ1NGIBER.     Ginger,     Chaucer. 

fUNGLE-GANGLE.  A  spangle;  any  kind  of 
bhowy  ornament  of  dress. 

G IX  ORE  AT.     To  chirp.    Skinner. 

GINJSE.    To  begin.    Chaucer. 

GINNEL.    A  narrow  entrance.    North. 

GINNERS.     The  gills  of  a  fish.    North. 

GINNET.    A  genet.    Florio,  p.  19. 

G  INN  ICK.    Neat ;  complete ;  perfect.    Essex. 

GINNY-CARRIAGE.  A  small  strong  carriage 
for  conveying  materials  on  a  rail-road.  Gmwy- 
raikj  the  rails  on  which  it  is  drawn. 

GINOUR.  An  engineer;  a  craftsman,  Flor.  and 
Blanch.  335 ;  R.  Coer  de  Lion,  2914. 

GIN-RING.  The  circle  round  which  a  gin- 
horse  moves.  See  Gin  (4). 

GINT.    A  joint.    Exmoor. 

GIN-TUBS.  Vessels  for  receiving  the  produce 
of  mines.  North. 

GIOURE.    A  guide ;  a  ruler.    (A.-S.) 

GIF.    To  retch.     YorAsh. 

GIPCIERE.    A  pouch,  or  purse;    (d.~N.} 

GIPE,  (1)  A  glutton ;  to  gulp*    North. 

(2)  An  upper  frock ;  a  cassock.    (A.-N.') 

GIP-GILL.  A  name  for  a  horse.  Sometimes, 
a  term  of  contempt. 

GIPON,  A  doublet.  Chaucer.  It  is  spelt  gypell 
in  Lybeaus  Disconus,  224,  1176. 

GIPS,    A  kind  of  mortar.    Minsheu. 

GIPSEN.  -  A  gipsy.    Spenser. 

GIPSEY.    A  woodea  peg,    Northumb. 

G1PSEYS.  Suddea  eruptions  of  water  that 
break  out  in  the  downs  in  the  East  Riding  of 
Yorkshire  after  great  rains,  and  jet  up  to  a 
great  height.  They  are  mentioned  by  William 
of  Newbery  under  the  name  of  vipse.  See 
W.  Ncubrig.  de  rebus  ABglicis,  ed.  1010,  p.  97. 

GIPSY-ONIONS.    Wildgarlick    South. 

GIPSY-ROSE.    The  corn-rose.     r<er.  dial. 

GIPTIAN.    A  gipsy.     Whetstone. 

GIRD.  (1)  To  strike;  to  pkrce  tbroragh  with  a 
weapon;  to  posh.  See  Sevyn  Sages,  1299. 
Heace,  metaphorically,  to  lash  with  wit,  to  re- 


proach. Also,  a  sarcasm,  as  in 

Sig.  Cc.  vi. 

Sir  Geryne  and  sir  Grisswolde,  and  othirgret  lord 

Garte  Galuth,  a  gud  gome,  gird*  of  thaire  hedy«. 

Marts  A*  thure,  MS.  Lincoln,  f.  92, 

Be-lyfe  thane  gerte  Alexander  send  after  Peimeny 

for  to  come  untille  hym,  and  gerte  the  sotbe  be 

serched,  and  fande  that  he  was  worthy  the  dede; 

and  thane  he  gert  girde  of  his  heved. 

MS.  Lincoln  A.  i.  17,  f.  15. 

(2)  A  hoop.     North. 

(3)  A  girdle.     Kyng  Alisaunder,  2272. 

(4)  A  fit ;  a  spasm.     Craven. 

(5)  To  spring,  or  bound.   See  Nares,  in  v.    The 
word  occurs  in  the  same  sense  in  Gosson's 
Schoole  of  Abuse,  1579. 

(6)  To  crack ;  crepito.    Line. 

G 1RDBREW.  A  very  coarse  kin d  of  flummery, 
eaten  almost  exclusively  by  farm-labourers, 
mentioned  by  Markhain. 

GIRDER.  (1)  A  jester,  or  satirist.    Nares. 

(2)  A  blow.    Salop.    From  Gird,  q.  v. 

GIRDING.    A  beam  ?  a  girder.    North. 

GIRDLJ2.  (1)  A  great  deal.    Somerset. 

(2)  A  round   iron   plate  for  baking.    North. 
Hence  ffirdle-cakes. 

(3)  To  growl  at.    Somerset. 

GIRDLER.  A  maker  of  girdles.  Heywood's 
Royall  King,  1637,  sig.  F.  i. 

GIRDLE-STEDE.  The  waist ;  the  place  of  the 
girdle.  "  Gyrdcll  stede,  fautx  du  corptsj* 
Palsgrave.  "  Girdylle  stc'de,  cinctux"  MS. 
Arundel  249,  f.  88. 

GIRDLE-WHEEL.  A  spinning-wheel  small 
enough  to  be  used  hanging  at  the  waist. 

GIRDSTINGS.  Poles  or  laths  used  for  making 
hoops.  Book  of  Rates,  1011. 

GIRE.  To  revolve.  Florio,  p.  211.  Also  a 
circle.  It  is  a  very  common  archaism.  "Wind- 
ing gyres,"  Fletcher's  Poems,  p.  249. 

GIRK.    A  rod.    Also,  to  chastise,  or  beat 

GIRL.  (1)  An  unmarried  woman  of  any  age* 
Herefordsh. 

(2)  A  roebuck  in  its  second  year.  Return  from 
Parnassus,  p.  238. 

GIRN.  (1)  To  grin ;  to  laugh.    North. 

(2)  To  yearn  for.    Kennett's  MS.  Gloss.         { 

GIR-NE.GREAT.    A  great  grinner.     Jorksh. 

GIRNIGAW.  The  cavity  of  the  mouth.  North. 

GIRRED.    Draggle-tailed.    Exmoor. 

GIRSE.    Grass.    Still  in  use. 

Dot  alle  that  dranke  theroffe  it  keste  thame  in- 
tlllea  flux,  and  slewe  agretehope  of  thame,  for  that 
water  was  wonder  scharpe,  and  als  bittlre  all  any 
mekille  gyi'te.  MS.  Lincoln  A.  I.  17,  f.S7» 

GIRSLY.    Full  of  gristles.     Craven. 

GIRT.  (1)  Pierced  through.    JVom  Gird,  q.  v, 

(2)  Very  intimate.     Craven. 

GIRTH-WEBBIN.  The  stuff  of  wMch  saddle- 
girths  are  made.  North. 

GIRTS.    OatmeaL    Var.dial 

GIRTY-MILK.    Milk  porridge.    East. 

GIS.  An  oath$  A  supposed  corruption  of  th* 
name  of  our  Saviour. 

GISARME.  A  billf  or  battle-ax.  See  Geserne* 
It  had  a  spike  rising  at  the  back  of  it.  Some* 
26 


GIV  41 

times  called  gisaring.  See  Morie  d' Arthur, 
i.  221 ;  Ellis,  ii.  76  ;  Gy  of  Warwike,  p.  123 ; 
Arthour  and  Merlin,  p.  226. 

Mases  of  yron  and  gaddes  of  stele, 
And  gyam  nys  for  to  smyte  wele. 

MS.  Cantab.  Ff.  ii,  38,  f.  213. 
G1SE.     Guise  ;  fashion.     Chaucer.  ^  Also  a  verb, 
to  dress,  to  prepare  ;  and,  sometimes,  to  re- 
pose or  recline. 

When  they  harde  of  these  tythandys, 
They  gyted  them  fulle  gay. 

jf~  MS.  Cantab.  Ff.  ii.  38,  f.  75. 

Whan  they  come  at  the  koteffy$yn(f*    ' 
To  dele  hyt  amoughis  outher  thyng. 

MS.  Ha)  1. 1701,  f.  23. 

GISN.  To  gasp  for  breath.  North. 
GISPEN.  A  pot  or  cup  made  of  leather. 
"  Gyspen  potte,  pot  de  cuir,"  Palsgrave.  <&*- 
pin,  Ord.  and  Reg.  p.  374.  In  use  at  Win- 
chester School,  according  to  Kennett,  MS. 
Lansd.  1033. 

GISS.  (1)  The  name  of  a  pig.    North. 
(2)  The  girth  of  a  saddle.     Devon. 
GISTE.    A  guest.     See  Gest.    (A.-S.} 
The  lighte  of  grace  that  gastely  gistt  es 
Of  the  that  es  sonne  of  ryghtwisnes. 

MS   Lincoln  A.  i.  J7,f.I80 
Tak  ye  no  trewes,  thoughe  ye  myght, 
For  gist,  negarison,  as  Gwynylon  hlght, 

Roland,  MS.  Lanad.  388,  f.  307- 

GISTING.    The  agistment  of  cattle. 

GIT.    The  gist,  or  substance.    Devon. 

G1TE.  (1)  A  gown.     Chaucer. 

(2)  Splendour  j  brightness.    Peele,  ii.  40. 

GITH.    Corn-cockle.     See  Topsell,  p.  423. 

GITT.    Offspring.     Craven. 

CITTERN.  A  cittern.  Stanihurst,  p.  16.  Spelt 
ffittron  in  Leighton's  Teares  or  Lamentations, 
4to.  Lond.  1613, 

GITTON.    A  small  standard.     (A.-N.) 

GIUST.    A  tournament'     Spenser. 

GIVE.  (I)  To  give  the  time  of  day ,  to  wish  a 
good  day  to,  to  show  respect  or  civility.  To 
give  in  flesh,  to  have  the  skin  galled.  To  give 
over,  to  leave  off;  to  yield ;  to  forsake ;  to  de- 
lay. To  give  again,  to  thaw;  to  relax  by 
damp  or  fermentation ;  also,  to  decrease  in 
value.  To  give  one  a  good  word,  to  recom- 
mend. To  give  the  bag,  to  dismiss ;  in  old 
writers,  to  cheat.  To  give  grant,  to  allow 
authoritatively.  To  give  back,  to  give  way. 
To  give  &eep,  to  take  care.  To  give  faith,  to 
believe  a  thing.  To  give  out,  to  give  way,  to 
fail.  To  give  the  dor,  or  gteek,  to  pass  a  jest 
upon.  To  give  hands,  to  applaud.  To  gioe  the 
bucklers,  to  yield.  To  give  one  his  own,  to  tell 
him  his  faults.  To  give  the  white  foot,  to  coax. 

(2)  To  yield ;  to  abuse,   or  scold ;  to  beat,  or 
chastise.     Var.  dial. 

(3)  To  take,  or  assume.    An  heraldic  term. 
GIVELED.     Gathered  or   collected  together. 

(A.-N.  Gaveti.}  "  With  fish  yiveled  als  a 
stac,"  Havelok,  814,  left  unexplained  by  the 
editor.  To  gavel  corn  is  to  collect  it-  into 
heaps  for  the  purpose  of  being  loaded.  There 
&ay  be  some  connexion  between  the  terms. 


GIVEN.     Disj  osed  ;  inclined.     Var.diaL 

GIWES,  The  Jews.  Hob.  Glouc.  p.  72.  £W, 
Wright's  Lyric  Poetry,  p.  100. 

GIX,     The  kex  of  hemlock.    Wilts. 

GIXT.  A  wanton  wench.  See  Cotgravc,  in  v. 
Gadrouillette,  Stiffrette. 

GIZ-DANCE.    A  dance  of  mummers. 

GIZEN.  (1)  To  open  ;  to  leak.     North. 

(2)  To  gaze  intently.    Line* 

GIZLE.    To  walk  rnincingly.     North. 

GIZZARD.  To  stick  in  the  gizzard,  i.  e.  to  beat 
in  mind.  Var.  dial 

GIZZEN,    A  sneer.    North. 

GLABER.     Smooth ;  slippery.     Devon* 

GLACE.    To  look  scornfully.    Line. 

GLAD.  (1)  Smooth  ;  easy.  Kennett  says, "  th*.i 
goes  smoothly,  or  slips  easily,  spoken  of  a 
door  or  bolt."  North.  Perhaps  from  the  o.d 
word  glad,  glided,  Towncley  Myst.  p.  282, 
"  Glat  and  sly  per,"  Reynard  the  Foxe,  p.  144. 

(2)  Pleasant ;  agreeable.     Chaucer. 

GLADDEN.  (1)  To  thaw.     Yorksh. 

(2)  A  void  place,  free  from  incumbranccs.  North 

GLADDIE.     The  yellow-hammer,     flevon. 

GLADDING.    Pleasant ;  cheerful.     Gwcr. 

GLADDON.    The  herb  cat's-taH.    Norf. 

GLADE.  (1)  To  make  glad.  (^,-£)  Also,  to 
rejoice,  to  be  glad.  Chaucer. 

(2)  An  open  track  in  a  wood,  particularly  made 
for  placing  nets  for  woodcocks. 

(3)  Glided.    Gy  of  Warwike,  p.  347. 

(4)  Shining ;  bright.     Cov.  Myst.  p.  168. 

(5)  Cheer,    Torrent  of  Portugal,  p.  49. 
GLADER.     One  who  maketh  glad.     Chau&r. 
GLADINE.    The  herb  spurgeworf.     It  it  men- 
tioned in  MS.  Med.  Line.  ff.  286,  200. 

GLADISH.  To  bark,  as  hounds  do.  l)u  Bartas, 
p.  365.  From  A.-N.  fflatir. 

GLADLOKER.    More  gladly.     Gawayne. 

GL  AD  L  Y.    Nicely ;  readi  ly.    Palsgrave. 

GLADSCHYPE.    Joy ;  gladness.    (-*.-*.) 
Tho  wyst  he  welle  the  kyngct  herto, 
That  he  the  deth  nc  «cholile  a$iertt% 
And  such  a  sorwe  hath  to  hym  take, 
That  gladschype  he  hath  al  forsulce. 

Gotoer,MS.  Cantab.  Ff.  i.  6>  f,  $1. 

GLADSXJM.    Pleasant    Sir  Cleges,  30. 

GLAFE.  (1)  Smooth  ;  polite.    North. 

(2)  Lonesome.     We&tmoreL 

GLAFFER.    To  flatter.    North. 

GLAIK.  Inattentive ;  foolish.  North.  Brockctt 

has  glaky,  giddy. 

GLA1RE.    A  miry  puddle.     Cumo. 
GLAIVE.    A  weapon  composed  of  a  long-  rut* 

ting  blade  at  the  end  of  a  lance.    See  Morte 

d'Arthur,    i.  81  j  Christmas  Carols,  p.  ,1H. 

"  The  growndene  glayfe,"  MS.  Morte  Arthure, 

f.  92.   Spelt  gteave  in  Hollyband's  Dictipnarie, 

1593,  in  v.  Bard;  and  gleivcs, 

Hist.  England,  i.  199. 
GLAM.  (1)  To  grasp ;  to  snatch. 

(2)  A  wound,  or  sore.    Devon. 

(3)  Noise;  cry;  clamour.     Gow&yne. 
GLAMOUR.    A  spell,  or  charm,     North, 

The  hands,    NortJtumb. 


GLE 


403 


GLE 


GLAND.     The  bank  of  a  river,     Cornw. 
GLAPYN.     To   be  glad.      "And   glapyns  in 

herte,"  MS.  Morte  Arthurc,  f.  94. 
GLARE.  (I)  To  glaze  earthenware.     West. 
(2)  To  stare  earnestly.    North. 
GLARE-WORM.     A  glow-worm.     /.   WigU. 

It  occurs  in  TopselFs  Beasts,  p.  542. 
GLASE.    To  make  bright ;  to  polish ;  to  scour 
harness.    PaUgrave.    Minsheu  has  fflase,  to 
varnish.    See  also  Pr.  Parv.  p.  197. 
GLASED D.    Glided ;  glanced  wrongly. 
But  hys  swerde  glascdd  lowe, 
And  stroke  upon  the  sadull  bo  we. 

MS.  Cantab.  Ff.  ii.  38,  f.  179. 

GLASIERS.    Eyes.    An  old  cant  term,  men- 
tioned in  Harman,  cd.  1567. 
GL  AS  INGE.    Glass-work.     Chaucer. 
CLASSEN.    Made  of  glass.     West. 
GLASS-PLATES.    Pieces  of  glass  ready  to  be 
made  into  looking-glasses.  See  Book  of  Rates, 
1675,  p.  295. 

GIASS-WORiM.    A  glow-worm.     Moufet 
GLAT.    A  gap  in  a  hedge.     West. 
GLATERYE.    Flattery? 

The  gads  of  glittery*  standcn  up  wyde, 
Hem  seuiythe  that  al  ys  cyght  and  no  wrong. 

MS.  Cantab.  Ff.  i.  C,  f.  136. 
GLATH.    Public.     Ream?. 
GLATHE.   To  rejoice ;  to  welcome.   Cov.  Myst. 

p.  171.    See  Glade. 
GLATTON.    Welsh  flannel.    North. 
GLAUDKIX.     A  kind  of  gown,  much  in  fashion 

in  Henry  VIII.'s  reign. 
GLAUMANDE.     Riotous.     Gawayne. 
GLAVE.    A  slipper.    Lane. 
GLAVER.    To  flatter.    In  later  writers,  some- 
times, to  leer  or  ogle.  Brockett  says,  "  to  talk 
foolishly  or  heedlessly."    Also,  to  slaver  at 
the  mouth. 

GLAVERANDE    Noisy ;  boisterous, 
Sir,  sals  syr  Gawayne,  so  me  OoUc  helpe, 
fe'iche  glaverande  gomes  greves  me  bot  lyttille. 

Morte  Arthwe,  MS.  Lincoln,  f.  80. 

GLAVERER.  A  flatterer.  See  Hollyband's 
Dictionarie,  1593,  inv.  Cafard. 

GLAWM.    To  look  sad.     Yortoh. 

GLAWS.  Dried  cowdung,  used  for  firing  in 
Devon  and  Cornwall, 

GLAYER.    Glair  of  egg.    Reliq.  Antiq.  i.  53. 

GLAYMOUS.  Clammy ;  slimy.  Glaymy  occurs 
in  Skelton,  i.  124,  and  grlemmy  in  Salop.  An- 
tiq. p.  444,  close,  damp,  muggy. 

For  some  pecc  wyll  be  yelowe,  and  some  grene, 
and  tome  fUijtmou*,  &nd  some  clere. 

Bcntertt  siff.  A.  ii. 

3LAZENE.    Blue?    (A^N.ffa*.)    "  A  glazene 

howve,"  Pier*  Ploughman,  p.  435. 
GLAZENER.    Adazier.    North. 
GLAZE-WORM.    A  glow-worn.    Z*%. 
GLE.    Mirth ;  music.     (4.-S.) 

The  kyng  toke  the  cuppe  anon, 
AndseW,  passllodioo  1 
Hym  thojt  it  wa«  ffode  pie. 

J^S,  Cfintoh  Ff.  v,  48,  f.  50. 
GLEA.    Crooked.    AbrIA, 
GLE  AD.    A  kite*   North.    Cotgrave  lias, «  JS»- 
coyfle,  a  kite,  puttocke,  orgkad" 


GLEAM.    To  cast  or  throw  up  filth  from  her 
gorge,  applied  to  a  hawk. 

GLEAN.  (1)  To  sneer.     Dorset. 

(2)  A  hand!  ul  of  corn  tied  together  by  a  gleaner. 
'Kent.     "  A  glen,  conspica,"  Nominale  MS. 

GLEB.     Smoothly  ;  glibly. 

And  the  like  is  reported  of  the  pillars  of  the 
Temple  Church,  London,  &c.  and  not  onely  the 
vulgar  swallow  down  this  tradition  gleb,  but  severall 
learned,  and  otherwise  understanding  peis>ons,  will 
not  be  perswadcd  to  the  contrary. 

Aubrey's  Wilts,  Royal  Soc.  MS.  p.  275. 

GLEDDE.     Shining;  brilliant. 


Ilymthowht  hesatte  in  gold  a.l\eg!edde, 
As  he  was  comely  kynge  with  crowne. 

MS.Uctrl.  2252,  f.  125. 

GLEDE.  (1)  A  burning  coal;  a  spark  of  fire. 
See  Perceval,  756;Isumbras,452;  Chron.Vi- 
lodun.  p.  37  ;  Pieis  Ploughman,  p.  361, 
And  tongys  theryn  also  redd,  ,    \ 

As  hy  t  were  a  brennyng  gledd, 

MS.  Cantab.  Ff.  ii.  38,  f.  140. 
Thoughe  in  his  hert  were  Htelle  play, 
Forthehe  sprongeas  sparke  ofgtede. 

MS.  Karl.  2252,  f.  07. 

(2)  A  kite.  Palsgrave.  See  Glead.  "Agledc, 
milvus"  Nominale  MS. 

With  oder  mete  shalt  thou  not  leve, 
But  that  thys  gled&  wylle  ye  geve. 

MS.  Cantab.  Ff.  ii.  38,  f.  86. 

GLEE.  To  squint.  North.  "  I  garde  her  gle," 
Skelton,  i.  293. 

GLEEK.  (1)  A  jest,  or  scoff.  Also,  to  jest.  To 
give  the  gleek,  i.  e.  to  pass  a  jest  on  one,  to 
make  a  person  ridiculous.  See  Cotgrave,  in 
v.  Donn&r,  Used  in  the  North  for,  to  deceive 
or  beguile.  See  Brockett,  p.  135. 

(2)  A  game  of  cards,  played  hy  three  persons 
with  forty-four  cards,  each  hand  having  twelve, 
and  eight  being  left  for  the  stock.  To  gleek 
was  a  term  used  in  the  game  for  gaining  a  de- 
cided advantage.  To  he  gleeked  was  the  con- 
trary. A  gleek  was  three  of  the  same  cards  in 
one  hand  together.  Hence  three  of  anything 
was  called  a  gleek,  as  in  Fletcher's  Poems,  p. 
131  ;  Men-Miracles,  1656,  p.  9. 

GLEEM.  A  flash  of  lightning  ;  a  hot  interval 
between  showers  in  summer.  Westvnorel, 

GLEEE.    To  slide.     Oxfordsh.  t       > 

GLEG.  (1)  Slippery  ;  smooth.     Cumb. 

(2)  To  glance  aslant,  or  slily.  Also,  quick, 
clever,  adroit.  North. 

GLE-MAN.  A  minstrel.  (^,-£)  Piers  Plough- 
man, p.  98  ;  Wright's  Lyric  Poetry,  p.  49* 

GLEME.    Viscous  *,  clammy.    Palsgrave. 

GLEMERANB.  Glittering*  Glemyrryng,  Tor- 
rent  of  Portugal,  p.  19. 

With  terepys  and  with  tredoure, 

Glemerand  hir  syde.  MS.  Lincoln  A.  i.  1?,  1.  133. 

GLEMTH.    A  glimpse.    Norf. 

CLENCH.    S&m*  &  Cttmth,  q.v.   Warw. 

GLENDBH,  To  fffcare;  to  look  earnestly.  North. 

GLENT.  (1)  G&nped  j  glided.  Glent  is  a  com- 
mon provincialism  for  a  glance,  or  a  start  ;  a 
slip,  or  Ml  ;  and  also,  to  glance.  "  As  he  by 
glenttys,"  MS.  Morte  Arthnre,  f.  82.  Se* 


GLI 


404 


GLO 


Thynne's  Debate,  p.  18  ;  Richard  Goer  de  Lion, 
5295 ;  Chester  Plays,  i,  150,  ii.  148. 

Glayves  gleterand  tTaayg-Zentf 

On  gleterand  scheldys. 

MS.  Lincoln  A.I.  17,  f.  131. 

(2)  Gleaned.    East. 

(3)  To  make  a  figure.     North. 

GLERE.    Any  slimy  matter  like  the  glair.of  an 

egg.    Mirr.  Mag.  p.  212. 
GLETHURLY.    Smoothly ;  quickly. 

So  glethurly  the  swyrde  went, 

That  the  t'yre  ovrt  of  the  pawment  sprent. 

MS.  Cantab.  Ff.  Ju  38,  f.  125. 
GLEVE.    A  glaive,  q  v.     Chaucer. 
GLEW.     Music;   glee;  mirth.    W.  Mapes,  p. 
347  ;  Arthour  and  Merlin,  p.  123.    Also,  to 
joy,  or  rejoice. 

Organes,  harpe,  and  othere  gleiv, 

He  drowse  hem  out  of  musik  new. 

Cursor  Mundi,  3fS.  Coll  T>  in.  Cantab,  f.  10. 

Moche  myrthe  was  them  ainoBge, 

But  ther  gamyd  hur  no  glewe. 

MS.  Cantab.  Ff.  il.  38,  f.74 
There  ys  no  solas  undyr  hevene, 
Of  al  that  a  man  may  nevene, 
Thatshuld  a  man  so  raoche  glew, 
As  agodewomman  that  loveth  trew, 


No  game  schulde  the  glewe. 

MS.  Cantab.  Ff.  ii.38,  f,  72. 

GLEWE.    To  glow.    Isumbras,  394. 

GLE  YG-LOF.    A  kind  of  lily. 

GLEYME.    The  rheum.    Pr.  Parv. 

GLEYNGE.     Melody ;  minstrelsy.     (^.-£) 

GLIAND.  Squinting,  "  Stroba,  a  woman 
glyande,"  Nominale  MS. 

GLIB.  (1)  A  large  tuft  of  hair  hanging  over  the 
face.  According  to  Stanihurst,  p.  44,  the 
Irish  were  very  "  proud  of  long  crisped  bushes 
of  heare,  which  they  terme  glibs,  and  the  same 
they  nourish  with  all  their  cunning."  See  also 
Holinshed,  Conq.  Ireland,  p.  54 ;  Chron.  Ire- 
land, p.  134. 

(2)  To  castrate.     See  Nares,  in  v. 

(3)  Smooth ;  voluble.    North.    Cotgrave  has  it 
in  the  sense  of,  smoothly,  gently,  in  v.  Doux- 
glmant,  Escoulement. 

GLIBBER.  Worn  smooth.  North.  Hence 
gWery,  slippery,  in  Ben  Jonson,  and  Dodsley, 
is.  174,  Still  in  use. 

GLICK,  A  jest,  or  joke.  "  Theres  glicke  for 
you,"  Lilly,  ed.  1632,  sig.  Cc.  vi.  Gifford  ex- 
plains it  wrongly  in  Ben  Jonson,  ii.  380. 

GLIDDER.  Slippery.  Devon.  Ben  Jonson, 
v.  110,  has  ffliddered,  glazed  over  with  some 
tenacious  varnish.  Glider,  anything  that 
glides,  Brit.  BiblMii.  24. 

GLIDE.  (1)  Distorted;  squinting,    flares. 

(2)  To  slide.     Oxon.    Palsgrave  has,  "  Glydax, 
.  a  slyder,  glanceur" 

GLIDER.    A  snare,  or  gilder,  q.v. 

GLIERE.  One  who  squints.  Translated  by 
strabo  in  Nominale  MS. 

tiLIFF.  A  glimpse ;  an  unexpected  view  of  a 
thing  that  startles  one.  North. 

GLIFTE.    To  look.     «  Than  gliftis  the  i 
kynge,"  MS  Morte  Arthure,  f.  94. 


GLIG.    A  blister.     Line. 

GLIM.    To  look  sly  or  askance.    North. 

GLIME .    The  mucus  from  the  nostrils  of  horses 

or  cattle.     North. 

GLIMPSE.    To  shine  or  glimmer.     Chaucer* 
GLIM P ST.     Caught  a  glimpse  of.     Glouc. 
GLIMSTICK.    A  candlestick.     Grose. 
GLINCY.      Smooth;   slippery*      Sussex.      At 

Greenwich  they  say  glinse,  and  Skelton,  i.  384, 

has  glint. 

GLINDER.    A  shallow  tub.    Devon. 
GLINE.     Same  as  Glim,  q.  v.    Kennett,  MS. 

Lansd.  1033,  has  glink  ;  Brockett  and  Palmer, 

glint.    In  use  in  Dorset. 
GLIRE.    To  slide.    Far.  dial 
GLISE,  (1)  A  great  surprise.   North. 
(2)  To  glitter,  or  shine.    Horn  Childe,  p.  288, 

Glmen,  Craven  Gloss,  i.  187. 
GLISK.    To  glitter.    Also  as  glim,  q.  v. 
GLI  STEN.    A  term  applied  in  Cheshire  to  ewes 

when  maris  appetens. 

GLISTER.    To  glitter.    See  Collier's  Old  Bal- 
lads, p.  25  ;  Men-Miracles,  1650,  p.  44. 
GLITEN.    To  lighten.    lorM. 
GLITTISH.    Cruel;  savage.    Devon.    Palmer 

explains  iigluttonish. 
GLI3ED.    Played  evilly.    (^.-£) 

The  elder  sister  he  forsoke, 
For  she##5«rf,  seifch  the  boke 

Cursor  Mundi,  MS.  Coll.  Trh*.  Cantab,  f.  »4. 

GLOAMING.   Twilight.    North. 
GLOAR-PAT.    Immensely  fat.    North.   "  Not 
all  glory-fat,"  Fletcher's  Poems,  p.  1 10.    See 
Middleton,  v.  517. 

GLOAT.  (1)  To  stare.   Hawkins,  in.  115. 
(2)  To  look  sulky ;  to  swell.    South. 
CLOBBER.     A  miser.    Somerset.      In  early 

writers,  it  means  a  glutton. 
GLOBED.    Foolishly  fond  of.    Chesh. 
GLOBE-DAMP.    Damp  in  coal  mines  forming 

into  thick  globular  mists.    North. 
GLOBERDE.   A  glow- worm.    PaUffrave.   See 

Topsell,p.  566;  Florio,p.  101. 
GLODE.    Glided.    See  Arthour  and  Merlin,  p. 
121,  where  Ellis,  i.  249,  reads  stode. 
Schemed  forth  aaanaddlr  dooth, 
Non  otherwise  sche  ne  goth. 

G*toer,MS.Soc.Jntiq.  134,  f.  161 
That  other  warden  no  more  abode. 
But  by  the  rope  down  he  gftxfo. 

MS.  Cctnteb.  Ff.  H.38,  f.  108. 
The  goste  toke  up  a  gresely  grone, 
Wyth  fendys  awey  he  glode.  MS.  Ibid.  f.  S2. 

GLODEN.    The  sunflower.    Line. 
GLOE.    To  enjoy?    Chester  Plays,  i.  128.    The 

MS.  Bodl.  175  reads  cotte. 
GLOET.    Glowed.    Robson's  Met.  Rom.  p.  5. 
GLOFFARE.   A  glutton.    Pr.  Parv. 
GLOMBE.  To  look  gloomy,or  louring.  Chaucer* 
Palsgrave  has  ykme  ?  and  gkming  oxicurs  in 
Hawkins,  i.  208.     Kennett  has  gloom,  to 
frown,  to  be  angry,  to  look  sourly  and  severely. 
North.    Still  in  use, 

Who  Eostode  upe  and  oghte  told  wye, 
He  bade  timrome  ga  in  thedevylle  waye, 
And  glomnwte  als  he  were  wratlur. 

MS.  Lincoln  A.I.  I?,  f,  147. 


GLO 


405 


GNA 


GLOME.     A  bottom  of  thread.     North. 

GLOND.    The  herb  cow-basil. 

GLOOM.     A  passing  cloud.     Wilts. 

GLOP.    To  stare.     North. 

GLOPPEN.  To  frighten ;  to  feel  astonished  ; 
to  be  startled,  or  greatly  perplexed ;  to  stu- 
pify ;  to  disgust  or  sicken.  North.  It  some- 
times means  in  early  writers,  to  lament  or 
mourn.  GZope,  Towneley  Myst.  p.  146,  a  sur- 
prise. It  occurs  in  Nominale  MS. 
Thowe  wenys  toglnpj/ne  me  with  thy  gret  wordcz 

Morte  At  thwe,  MS.  Lincoln,  f.  80. 

GLOPPING.     Sucking  in.     (A.-S.) 

GLOUE.    To  stare ;  to  leer.     North     "  And 

glorede  unfaire,"  MS.  Morte  Arthurc,  f.  64. 
Why  glore  thyn  eyes  in  thy  heade  ?   Why  waggcst 

thou  thy  heed,  as  though  them  were  very  angry  ? 

Palsgrave's  Acolastus,  1MO 
GLORIATION.     Glorying.     (Lat.)     It  occurs 

in  Lusty  Juventus,  ap.  Hawkins,!.  131. 
GLORIOUS.     Vain;  boastful  (JLat.)  Common 

in  our  old  dramatists. 
GLORY-HOLE.    A  cupboard  at  the  head  of  a 

staircase  for  brooms,  &c.  Var.  dial. 
GLORYYNE.  To  defile.  Pr.Parv. 
CLOSE.  (1 )  To  comment ;  to  interpret.  GZose,  • 

an  unfair  gloss,  Towneley  Mysteries,  p.  209. 

(+'1.-N.)    Hence,  dissimulation,  unfairness. 
(2)  To  speak  tenderly ;  to  flatter. 

Hys  wyfe  came  to  hym  yn  hyc, 

Ami  began  to  kys^e  hym  and  to  glosye. 

MS.  Cuitrab.  Ff.  ii.  3tf,  f.  132. 
CLOSER.    A  flatterer,     l.ydgate. 
GLOTON.    A  glutton.    (d.-N.}    It  occurs  in  a 

gloss,  in  MS.  Egerton,  829,  f.  54. 
OLOTTEN.  Same  as  Gloppen,  q.  v. 
GLOTTKNING.  A  temporary  melting  of  ice  or 

snow.    North. 
GLOUD.   Glowed.    Keliq.  Antiq.  ii.  8.     "  Glou- 

inde  glede/'MS.  L>igby  86. 
GLOUNDEN.    A  lock  of  hair. 
GLOUPING.    Silent,  or  stupid.     North. 
GLOUSE.    A  strong  gleam  of  heat  from  the 

sun  or  a  fire.    East. 
GLOXJT.    To  pout,   or  look  sulky.    Glowtyd, 

Richard  Goer  de  Lion,  4771.    To  stare  at, 

Milks'  MS.  Glossary. 
GLOUTOUS.    Gluttonous ;  ravenous. 
GLOVE.    To  bevel.    Craven. 
GLOW.    To  stare  earnestly.    Devon. 
GLOW-BASON.    A  glow-worm.    Also,  a  bold 

impudent  person.    West. 
GLO  WE.  (I)  To  glow,  or  tingle. 

He  smote  the  portar  on  the  hode, 
That  he  can  downe  falk, 
A  lie  hya  hedd  cangfawe. 

MS.  C*ntot>.  Vf.  ii,  38,  f.07. 

(2)  To  look.    Syr  Gowayne. 

GLOWER.  To  gaze,  or  stare.  North.  See 
Dekker's  Knight's  Conjuring,  repr.  p.  67. 

GLOWERING.    Quarrelsome.  Emoor. 

GLOWING.  Glowing  of  cockles  is  the  discovery 
of  them  in  the  water  by  a  certain  splendour 
reflected  from  a  babble  which  they  make  be- 
low, when  the  sun  shines  upon  the  surface  of 
the  water  in  a  clear  still  day.  Dean  Milles  MS. 


GLOX.    The  sound  of  liquids  when  shaken  id  a 

barrel.     Wilts. 
GLUBBE.    To  suck  in ;  to  gobble  up.    (A.-S.} 

Hence  glulbere,  a  glutton. 
CLUB-CALVES.    Calves  to  be  reared  for  stock. 

Devon.     Qu.  from  glubbe  ? 
GLUM.   Gloomy ;  overcast ;  sullen.   Also,  a  sour 

cross  look.    Var.  dial 
GLUM-METAL.    A  sort  of  stone  found  about 

Bradwell,  in  the  moor  lands,  co.  Staff,  as  bard 

to  dig  as  any  rock,  yet  mollified  by  air,  rains, 

and  frosts,  it  will  run  as  if  it  were  a  natural 

lime.    Kennett,  MS.  Lansd.  1033. 
CLUMPING.    Surly  ;  sulky.    Var.  dial. 
GLUM-POT.    A  gallipot.   'Somerset. 
GLUMPSE.   Sulkiness.  North.  The  adj.^/wwjuy 

is  \erycommon. 

GLUMS.  Sudden  flashes.  Glouc. 
GLUN7CH.  A  frown.  Northumb. 
GLUR.  Soft,  coarse  fat,  not  well  set.  Applied 

to  bacon.    Line. 
GLUSKY.    Looking  sulky.  Ea*t. 
GLUSTARE.    One  who  squints.    Pr.  Part. 
GLUT.  (1)  Scum ;  refuse.    Var.  dial 

(2)  The  slimy  substance  that  lies  in  a  hawk's 
pannel.   Gent.  Rec.  ii.  62. 

(3)  A  thick  wooden  wedge  used  in  splitting  blocks, 
Var.  dial 

CLUTCH.     To  swallow.     Glutcher,  the  throat. 

Shakespeare  has  glut. 
GLUTHEN.    To  gather  for  rain.   West. 
GLY.    To  squint.   See  Glee 
GLYBE.   To  scold,  or  reproach.   North. 
G L  Y-II ALTE R.  A  halter  or  bridle  with  winkers. 

East.    From  <?///,  q.  v. 
GLYME.     To  look  silly.    North. 
GLYSTE    To  look.   "  Schc  glyste  up,"  Le  Bone 

Florence  of  Rome,  1659.    This  seems  to  be 

correct  as  well  as  glifte,  q  v. 

Sir  Gawayne  glj/ite*  on  the  gome  with  a  glade  wille. 
Starts  Artfivre,  MS.  Lincoln,  f.  80. 

GLYT.    Glides.    Kyng  Alisaunder,  8. 

GLY3T.    Looked.   Gawayne. 

GNACCHEN.    To  grind  the  teeth.    See  a  poem 

in  Rcliq.  Antiq.  i.  240. 
GNAG.    To  gnaw.   Line.   (^,-£) 
(JNANG.   To  gnash.    Sussex. 
GNAPPE.   To  scratch  or  rub. 

And  sum  ynapped  here  fete  and  handc-s, 
As  doggea  done  that  gnawc  hi  re  handes. 

MS   Hxrl.  1701,  f.«7, 

GNAR.  To  quarrel ;  to  growl.  North.  To  snarl, 

or  growl,  Skclton,  ii.  36. 
GNARL.  To  snarl.    Also,  to  gnaw.    Line.    It 

occurs  in  Shakespeare. 
GNARL-BAND.    A  miserly  fellow.   lAnc. 
GNARLED.    Knotty.    Also,  twisted,  wrinkled, 

or  crumpled.    South, 
GNARRE.  (3)  To  strangle.    Palsgrave. 
(2)  A  hard  knot  in  a  tree.    (//.-£) 
GNASPE.   To  snatch  at  with  the  teeth.     "  I 

gnaspe  at  a  thyng  to  catche  it  with  rav  tethe, 

je  hdnche"  Palsgrave. 
GNASTE.  (I)  To  gnash  with  the  teeth.    See 

Towneley  Myst.  pp.  143, 307 ;  Mortc  d'Arthur, 

1178;  Apol,  Loll,  p,  93, 


OOA 


406 


GOB 


Than  sal  thai  gi  eete  and  gowle,  and  with  teethe  gnayste, 

For  of  helppe  and  mercy  thar  thaime  noght  trayste. 

Hawpole,  MS.  Sowest  p.  214. 

Ttias  ware  knyghtes  of    Rome  that   crucifyed 

Criste  gnaytitand  als  bestes  withouten  resoune. 

MS.  Coll,  Eton.  10,  f.  3. 

(2)  The  wick  of  a  candle.    JPr.  Parv. 

GNAT.  Is  used  by  Chaucer  for  anything  small 
and  worthless,  (A.-S.) 

GISfATT.     The  knot,  or  Tringa  Camtfun. 

GNATTER.    To  grumble ;  to  gnaw.    North. 

GNATTERT.  Full  of  pebbles  or  gravel.  Also, 
ill-tempered.  North- 

GNAURENG.  Forgetfulness.  It  occurs  in 
Batman  uppon  Bartholome,  1582. 

GNAYE.    Gnawed.     Sir  Amadas,  247. 

GNAWING.    A  griping.     Reliq.  Antiq.  ii.  84. 

GNAW-POST.     A  silly  fellow.     Somerset. 

GNEDE.  Sparing.  Perceval,  607,  724.  Want- 
ing, ib.  752, 1689.  To  need,  to  require,  Const. 
Mason,  p  36.  See  Havelok,  97. 

Of  gyftis  was  he  [njever  gnede, 

In  wele  na  in  wa.      MS.  Lincoln  A.  L  17>  f- 134. 

GNEW.     Gnawed.    Suffolk.    "  And  gnew  the 

bones/'  Ellis,  ii.  227. 
GNIDE.  To  rub.    (4..S.) 

Hertes  he  sought  and  fond, 

And gniddtiti  hembituix  his  houd. 

Artlww  and  Meilin,-p, 
And  after  gnndde  and  wasche  wel  tin  safiour  ba#ge 
In  thilke  lyje  with  bothc  thyn  hondis,  to  thou  se  that 
thi  1156  hath  take  a  fnire  colour  of  thl  saflour  bagge. 

MS.  Slcane  73,  f,  214, 
GNIPE.     The  rocky  summit  of  a  mountain, 

Also,  to  gnaw.     North. 

GNOFFE.    A  churl ;  an  old  miser.  See  Chaucer, 
Cant.  T.  31 88 ;  Tocld's  Bins*,  p.  260. 
The  country  gnooffes,  Hob,  Dick,  and  Hick, 

With  clubbes  and  clouted  shoon, 
Shall  fill  up  Dussyn  dale 

With  slaughtered  bodies  soone, 

NorfoUee  Fuiles,  1623. 

GNOGHE.    Gnawed.    See  Gnew. 

He  shette  hys  tunge  before  the  grccys, 
And  gnogha  hys  ynward  al  to  pecys, 

M. S.  H&l.  1701,  f.  24. 

GNOSTYS.  Qu.  an  error  for  gkostys. 

Smoke  and  fyre  there  can  owt  welle, 
And  many  gnoatyt  gtowyng  on  glede. 

jtfS;  Cantab.  Ff.  ii.  38,  f.  49. 

GNOWE.  .  Gnawed.     Chaucer. 

GO.    To  walk,    Isumbras,  56 ;  Eglamour,  760. 
Sometimes  for  the  part.  pa.  gone.    Various 
phrases  which  include  this  word  may  be  worth 
notice.     To  go  abroad,  to  spread  abroad.     To 
go  against  one,  to  go  to  meet  him.     To  go 
backward)  to  fall  in  debt.    To  go  darkling,  to 
grope  in  the  dark.     To  go  compass  round,  to 
encircle.     To  go  from  a  thing,  to  deny  it.    To 
go  forward,  to  prosper.     To  go  out  of  kind, 
to  do  anything  contrary  to  one's  proper  na- 
ture.     To  go  quit,  to  escape  a  danger.    All 
the  go,  quite  the  fashion.      To  go  near,  to  be 
very  near  doing  anything-.     How  does  it  go 
wth  you,  how  do  you  fare  ?  Togo  to  the  world, 
to  be  married. 
GOAD.    Same  as  gad,  q.  v. 


GOADS.    Customs.    Also,  playthings. 

GOAF.  A  rick  of  corn  in  the  straw  laid  up  hi  a 
barn.  Goaf-flap,  a  wooden  beater  to  knock 
the  ends  of  the  sheaves,  and  make  the  goaf 
more  compact.  Goaf-stead,  a  division  of  a 
barn  in  which  a  goaf  is  placed.  Norf,  Tusser 
mentions  the  gofe- fodder,  p.  9. 

GOAK.  (1)  To  shrink;  to  contract;  to  disco- 
lour by  damp,  &c.  Yor&sli. 

(2)  The  core  of  any  fruit ;  the  yolk  of  an  egg, 
&c.  North. 

GOAL.  At  the  game  of  camp,  if  a  person  can 
manage  to  get  the  ball  bet  ween  the  two  heaps 
of  clothes  made  by  his  own  party,  that  &»<le 
reckons  one,  which  is  called  a  goal.  If  the 
ball  passes  between  the  side-heaps,  it  is  culled 
a  goal-ly,  and  reckons  only  half  a  goal. 

GOALli.    A  barrow,  or  tumulus. 

GOAM.  To  look  after,  or  provide  for.  Also, 
to  grasp  or  clasp.  North. 

GOAN.    To  yawn.     Also  as  gaun,  q.  v. 

GOANDE.    Going.     Weber. 

GOATHOUSE.    A  brothel,     far.  dial. 

GOATS.    Stepping-stones.     North. 

GOATS-LEAP.  A  kind  of  leap  practised  by  some 
equestrians.  North. 

GOB.  (1)  The  mouth ;  saliva.  North.  Some- 
times, a  copious  expectoration. 

(2)  A  portion ;  a  lump.     Far.  dial.    Hence  the 
phrase,  to  work  by  the  goo. 

(3)  To  fill  up ;  to  impede.    Salop. 
GOBBEDE. 

Thane  answers  syr  Oayous  fulle  gobbtde  worries, 
Was  eme  to  the  emperour,  and  erJehymest'lfene. 

Mv)  te  Af'thurat  MS.  Lmwln,  f.  07« 

GOBBET.    A  morsel;  a  bit.     (A.-N.)     Still  in 

use.      A  large  block  of  stone  is   called  a 

gobbet  by  workmen. 

GOBBIN".    A  greedy  clownish  person.    Also,  a 

spoilt  child,     far.  dial. 
GOBBLE.  (1)  A  chattering.    Deri). 

(2)  To  do  anything  fast.     Var.  dial. 

(3)  A  turkey-cock.     Var.  dial 
GOBBLE-GUT.    A  greedy  fellow.    Line. 
GOBBLER.     A  turkey-cock.     Suffolk. 
GOBBON.    Same  as  Gob  (1). 

GO-BET.  A  hunting  phrase,  equivalent  to  go 
along.  See  3ft  (8).  Our  second  extract  cu- 
riously illustrates  a  passage  in  Chaucer,  Leg. 
Dido,  288. 

Go  bet,  Wat,  with  Cry«tes  curse ! 

The  next  tyroe  thou  shal  be  take  j 
I  have  a  harepypc  i»  my  purse, 

That  shall  be  set,  Watte,  for  thi  hnko 

MS.  Cantab.  Ff.  v.  40,  f.  UO. 
Old  Father  of  the  Pye, 
I  cannot  sing,  my  lips  are  dry  ! 
But  when  my  lips  are  very  well  wet, 
Then  I  can  sing  with  the,  Heigh,  //o  bet  / 

Hunting  Song,  Dean  Millet  Jtf& 
GQBETTYD,    A  term  used  in  dressing  fish,  for 

taking  the  garbage  out.    Bortwn. 
GO-BETWEEN.    A  pirap.    jfcA&r. 
GOBLOCK.    A  lamp  of  anything;  aa  Irregular 
mass.    North. 


GOB 


407 


GOG 


GOBONE.     Qa.  Gob  one?  ! 

Thay  gobonaof  the  gretteste  with  growndoneswerdes 
Howes  one  thas  hulkes  with  theire  harde  wapyns. 

MtntsArthvre,  MS.  Lincoln,  f.  OG. 

GOBSLOTCH.  A  greedy  clown  ;  a  dirty  vora- 
cious eater.  North. 

GOBSTJCK.    A  spoon.     North. 

GOBSTIUNG.     A  bridle.     T'ar.  dial 

GOB-THUUST.     A  stupid  fellow.     North. 

GO-BY.  To  give  one  the  go-by,  i.  e.  to  deceive 
him,  or  to  leave  him  in  the  lurch ;  to  over- 
pass. The  second  turn  a  hare  made  in  cours- 
ing was  called  her  go-by.  Our  old  dramatists 
otten  ridicule  a  phrase  intioduecd  by  Kyd  in 
his  Spanish  Tragedy,  ap.  Dodsley,  iii.  163, 
**  Go  by,  Uieronimo,"  which  even  seems  to 
have  become  pioverbial. 

GO-BY-TI1E-GROUND.  A  diminutive  person. 
7iW.  The  ground  ivy  is  called  Gill-ffO-lty>tJi2- 
ttrnnufl  in  the  provinces. 

<  J  6  ( '  11 K .    A  pot ,  or  pi t  cl  icr.     JHlfs. 

GOCKEN.    To  be  ravenous.     Lino. 

(i()I).  God  before,  or  Gad  fa-fowir,  God  going 
before  and  assisting.  God  to  fri&id,  God 
bciii'*  protect  or. 

OOD-ALMIGIITY'S-COW.    The  lady-bird. 

(iOD-CAKE.  A  particular  description  of  cake 
which  it  is  customary  on  New  "Year's  Day  for 
sponsors  to  send  to  their  godchildren  at 
Coventry ;  a  practice  which  appears  to  be  pecu- 
liar to  that  city. 

GODCEIT.  A  godfather.  This  occurs  in 
Ilolinshed,  Chron.  Ireland,  p.  7B. 

GOODARD.  (1)  A  fool.    North. 

(2)  A  kind  of  cup  or  goblet.  "  A  woodden  yoddet 
or  tankard,"  Florio,  p.  80. 

GODDARTLY.    Cautiously.     Currib. 

GODDEN.   Good  even.   North.    We  have  also 
yvday,  good  day.    See  Meriton,  p.  100, 
The  kyngscid,  gramcrcy  and  havegt^ij/J 
The  scheperde  onswerld  and  said,  nay. 

SIS.  Cantab,  Ff.  v.  48,  f.  51 

GODDERHELE.   Better  health  I 
Towneley  Mysteries,  p.  89, 

GODDOT.  An  oath  which  occurs  frequently  in 
Havelok.  The  editor  is  clearly  right  in  con- 
sidering it  a  corruption  of  God  wot,  so  many 
oaths  being  amalgamised  in  a  similar  manner. 
In  the  notes  to  Pr.  Pan',  p.  201,  it  is  confused 
with  God-late,  or  God-wolde,  which  are  evi- 
detftly  of  a  different  origin.  I  have  purposely 
omitted  a  host  of  oaths  of  this  description,  as 
they  are  for  the  most  part  easy  of  solution,  and 
in  any  case  arc  not  of  sufficient  worth  to 
balance  their  impiety. 

CODE.  Wealth;  goods.  (,*.-£)  Still  re- 
tained in  Cheshire.  "WilbraJhtani,  p.  43. 

GODELE.  Goodly.  EmM  503. 
Fcyre  and  longe  was  he  thofre, 
A  ffod<tlv<tr  loan  was  none  bore. 

MS  Canttift.  Ff,  It.  38,  f.  174. 

GODELYHEDE.    Goodness.    ( 

GODENES8.  dtgoti&iew*,  at  advantage.  See 
Rom.  Kose,  H53,  3462* 

GOUESEIE.  The  herb  clary.  The  Latin  name 
k  gaMtntwto.  in  MS.  Sloaae  5,  L  5, 


GODFATHERS.  An  old  cant  term  for  jurymen. 
See  Ben  Jonson.  v.  139. 

GODHEDE.     Goodness.    Kyng  Alis.  7060. 

GOD-ILD-YOU.  A  corruption  of  God  yield  you, 
i.  e.  reward  or  bless  you. 

GODLEC.  Goodness.  Wright's  Anec.  Lit.  p.  8. 

GODLYCHE.  Goodly ;  politely.  "  Godlj  die  he 
hyrgret,"  Degrevant,  675. 

GODNEDAY.     Good-day.   Ritson. 

GOD-PAYS.  A  profane  expression  formerly 
used  by  disbanded  holdieis,  implying  that  they 
hud  no"  money  themselves,  and  must  therefore 
borrow  or  be^.  Hence  God-to-pay ^  a  hopeless 
debt,  nothing.  See  Ben  Jonson,  viii.  GO,  158. 

GODPIIERE.    A  godfather.   Jonson. 

G  OD '  S  -B  LE  S  SI  N  G.  To  go  out  of  God's  blessing 
into  the  warm  srin,  a  proverbial  phrase  for 
quitting  a  better  for  a  worse  situation.  See 
Nares  and  Ray. 

GODSEND.  Any  good  fortune  quite  unex- 
pected. On  the  coast  a  wreck  is  sometimes 
so  called,  far.  dial. 

GOD'S-GOOD.  Yeast,  far.  dial.  See  Lilly, 
ed.  1 632,  sig.  Aa  vii ;  Flono,  p.  130.  It  is  spelt 
yosgood  in  some  provincial  glossaries.  Forby 
is  clearly  wrong  in  his  explanation,  as  the  re- 
ferences to  Lilly  and  Florio  indisputably  show. 

GODSHARLD.    God  forbid!    Yorksh. 

GOD  SI  15.    A  godfather.     Chaucer. 

GODSPEED.  An  exclamation  addressed  to  a 
person  commencing  a  journey,  implying  the 
speaker's  anxiety  ibr  his  speedy  and  safe 
transit.  Stillinn.se. 

GOD'S-PENNY.  Earnest-money.  North.  "  A 
GodVpennie,  an  earnest -pennie,"  Florio,  p.  39. 

GOD'S-SAKE.  A  child  kept  for  God's  sake,  i.  e. 
a  foster-child.  See  Nomtmclutor,  p.  20 ; 
Florio,  p.  22. 

GOD'S-SANTY,  An  oath,  biipposed  by  Steevens 
to  be  corrupted  from  God' a  sanctity, 

GOD'S-TRtmi.    An  absolute  truth. 

GOEL.  Yellow.  East.  "Thegoelerandyoungcr," 
Tusser,  p,  126. 

GOETIE.    Witchcraft    mount. 

GOFER.  A  species  of  tea-cake  of  an  oblowg 
form,  made  of  flour,  milk,  eggs,  and  currants, 
baked  on  an  iron  made  expressly  for  the  pur- 
pose, called  a  gofering  iron,  and  divided  into 
square  compartments.  Line. 

GOFER1NG-WORK.  A  sort  of  crimping  per- 
formed on  frills,  caps,  &c, 

GOFF.  (1)  An  oaf  or  fool.   North. 

(2)  A  game  played  by  striking  hard  stuffed  balls 
with  clubs.    He  who  drives  his  ball  into  the 
hole  with  fewest  strokes  is  the  winner.  It  was 
a  common  game  in  England  in  the  reign  of 
James  I.  See  IXEwes,  i.  48. 

(3)  A  godfather.   Qstth,  4ngl 

GOFFLE.  To  gobble  upj  to  eat  fast.  Essex. 

GOFFRAM.  A  clown.   (hinb. 

GOPISH.   Foolish    Ctoueer. 

GOFLE.  A  small  basket,    Line. 

GOG.   A  bog.    Oxm.    Aubrey,  in  his  MS.  Nat. 

Hist  Wilts,  p.  56,  mentions  "a  boggy  place 

called  the 


GOL 


408 


GOL 


GOGE.    The  throat.    Nominate  MS. 
GOGGLE.    To  swallow.     "  Gulped,  or  goggled 

downe,"  Cotgrave,  inv.  Gfoularde. 
GOGGY.  An  egg.    Craven. 
GOGING-STOOL.  A  cucking-stool,  q.  v, 
GOGION,    A  gudgeon.    See  Hollyband's  Die- 

tionarie,  1593,  in  Y.  Aspron. 
GOG-MIIIE.    A  quagmire.  Futiee* 
GOIGH.  Very  merry.  Devon. 
GOIL.   Spongy  ground.    Milles  MS. 
GOING.  (1)  A  right  of  pasturage  on  a  common 

for  a  beast,  Suffolk. 
(2)  Going  to  the  vault,  an  expression  sometimes 

used  by  hunters  when  a  hare  takes  ground 

like  a  rabbit. 

GOING-OUT.    Visiting.    For.  dial 
GOINGS-ON.    Proceedings.    Var.  dial 
GOISTER.     To  laugh  loudly.   Line.    Also,  to 

brag ;  to  enter  into  a  frolic. 
GOJONE.    The  gudgeon  of  a  wheel ;  also,  the 

fish  so  called.    Pr.  Pa.ro. 
GOKE.-   A  fool.     Reliq.  Antiq.  i.  291.   Ben 

Jonson  has  gokt,  stupefied.    Goby,  a  gawky,  a 

clown,  Piers  Ploughman,  p.  220.    "  A  goky,  a 

gokin  vel  gakin,  stultus?  Milles  MS. 
GOKERT.   Awkward ;  clumsy.     Var.  dial 
GOLD.    The  plant  turnsol.    It  is  also  applied 

to  corn-rnarygold  and  wild  myrtle. 
That  she  spronge  up  out  of  the  molde 
Into  aflourewas  named  golds. 

Cower,  ed.  1554,  f.  120. 

GOLD.£RAP.      The    herb   crow-foot.      See 

Hollyband's  Dictionarie,  1593,  in  v.  Bassinets. 

Called  also  gold-cup, 

GOLDEFOME.    Copper.    Nominate  MS. 
GOLDEN-BUG.   The  ladybird.    Suffolk. 
GOLDEN-CHAFER.  A  green  beetle,  very  com- 

mon  in  the  month  of  June.     Var.  dial 
GOLDEN-CHAIN.    Yellow  laburnum.    West. 
GOLD-END-MAN.      One    who  buys   broken 

pieces  of  gold  and  silver  j  an  itinerant  jeweller. 

See  Ben  Jonson,  iv.  79. 
GOLDEN-DROP.    A  kind  of  plum.    Also,  a 

variety  of  wheat,    f'ar.  dial 
GOLDEN-EYE.    The  bird  ana s  clangula.    It  is 

called  goldnye  in  Arch.  xiii.  343. 
GOLDEN- HERB.   The  plant  orach.    North. 
GOLDEN-KNOP.    The  lady-bird.    East. 
GOLDEN-WITHY,    Bog  mirtle.    South. 
GOLDFINCH.   A  piece  of  gold;  a  purse.    Mid- 

dleton,  i.  283.    A  sovereign  is  now  so  called. 
GOLD-FINDER.  An  old  jocular  name  for  a  per- 

son  who  cleaned  a  jakes, 
GOLD  FLOWER.   Golden  cudweed ;  the  aurelia, 

according  to  Florio,  p.  166. 
GOLDFRE.  A  welt  of  gold :  explained  aurifigium 

in  Nominate  MS. 

GOLD-HEWEN.    Of  a  golden  colour.  (A.-S.) 
GOLD-HOUSE.    A  treasury. 

On  the  morowe,  tho  hyt  was  day, 

The  kyng  to  hys  golde-hows  toke  hys  way. 

MS.  Cantab.  Ff.  ii.  38,  f.  133. 

GOLD  ING.    Amarygold.    Chesh. 
GOLD-KNAP.    The  herb  crow-foot,   ffuloet. 
GOLD-NEPS.    A  kind  of  small  red  and  yellow 
early  ripe  pear.    Chesh. 


GOLDSMITHKIE.    Goldsmith's  work.    (A.~S.) 
GOLDSPINK.    The  goldfinch.    North. 
GOLD-WEIGHT.    To  the  gold-weight,  i.  e.  to 

the  minutest  particulars,  gold-weights  being 

very  exact.    See  Jonson,  v.  360. 
GOLDY.    Of  a  gold  colour. 

As  ofte  as  sondys  be  in  the  salte  se, 
And  goldy  gravel  in  the  stremys  rich. 

M&  Cantab,  Ff.  i  6,  f,  12. 

COLE.  (1)  Big;  full;  florid  ;  prominent ;  rank. 
as  grass,  &c.  East. 

(2)  The  jaw-bone.    Nominate  MS. 

(3)  A  ditch  or  small  stream.    North.    Also,  a 
whirl-pool ;  a  flood-gate,  or  sluice.    See  Du£- 
dale's  Imbanking,  1662,  p.  276.    "  A  gool, 
lacuna,  vid.  Skjnnerum;  item,  a  current  of 
water  in  a  swampy  place,  and  generally  where 
it  is  obstructed  with  boggs ;  likewise,  &  hollow 
between  two  hills ;  a  throat ;  a  narrow  \ale," 
Dean  Milles  MS.  p.  132. 

Than  syr  Gawayne  the  glide  a  gnlaye  he  tnky*, 
And  glides  up  at  a  gale  with  gud  mene  of  arnies. 

Morte  Arthurs,  SIS.  JLinc.»ft>,  f.  fh?. 

(4)  A  fool  ?    "  Create  dole  for  a  gole"  Chebtcr 
Plays,  i.  229.     Gowk,  MS.  BodL  1 73. 

GO-LESS.  I  cannot  go  loss,  i.  e.r  I  cannot  ac- 
cept of  less,  I  cannot  play  for  a  smaller  tttim. 
"  Goe  lesse,  at  primero,"  Cotgrave,  in  v.Manytw. 

GOLET,  The  throat,  or  gullet.  (^.-AT.)  A 
part  of  armour  or  dress  which  covered  the 
throat  was  so  called. 

Throwghe  golet  and  gorgere  he  hurtez  hym  cwyne. 
Mart*  Athure,  MS*  Llwln,  f.7SJ. 
Be  the  golett  of  the  hode 
Johne  pulled  the  munke  downe. 

MS.  Cantab.  Ff.  v.  4»,  f.  !".«>. 

GOLIARDS.  The  best  account  of  the  tfvliartfi  is 
given  in  Mr.  Wright's  preface  to  \Valter 
Stapes,  p.  x.  "They  appear,"  says  Mr. 
Wright,  "  to  have  been  in  the  clerical  or<Uir 
somewhat  the  same  class  as  the  jongleurs  and 
minstrels  among  the  laity,  riotous  and  un- 
thrifty scholars  who  attended  on  the  tablosof 
the  richer  ecclesiastics,  and  gained  t'.^r 
living  and  clothing  by  practising  the  profession 
of  buffoons  and  jesters.  The  name  appears  to 
have  originated  towards  the  end  of  the  twelfth 
century,*  and,  in  the  documents  of  that  time, 
and  of  the  next  century,  is  always  conn^ctcf! 
with  the  clerical  order."  In  the  Decretal. 
Bonifacii  YJII.  Univ.  Oxon.  they  arc  tim< 
mentioned,  sejocnlatores seuyon&rtloxfaritmt 
aut  luffones.  See  other  quotations  of  a  siii'i- 
lar  import  in  Ducange. 

GO-LIE,  To  recline ;  to  be  laid  by  the  wind  ;  to 
subside.  Somerset.  Perf.  tetnt-Me;  part. 
t/Qne-Ue. 

GOLIONE.   A  kind  of  gown. 

And  alle  was  do  ryjt  as  jchc  b*d, 
He  hath  hire  in  his  clothia  clad, 
And  caste  on  hire  his  fftfivrie, 
Whichc  of  theakyn  of  a  Hone 
Was  made,  as  he  upon  the  wcjr 
It  slow ;  and  over  thin  to  pltye 
Sche  took  his  gret  mace  also, 
And  knlttc  it  at  hireglrdllle  th». 

G^Jicfir,  AfS.  foe,  AM iq  IM,tlJtU 


GON 


409 


GOO 


GOLL.  (1)  A  hand,  or  fist.  East.  "  How  cold 
they  are,  poor  golls,"  Beaum.  and  Flet.  i.  97. 
See  Hawkins,  in.  119. 

(2)  To  strike  or  blow  with  violence  ;  to  rush,  as 
wind  does.   North. 

(3)  The  gullet,    Nominale  MS.     More  properly 
the  ball  of  the  throat. 

Sethen  he  went  to  theskulle, 

And  hewyd  asonder  the  throte  golle. 

MS.  Cantab.  Ff.  ii.  38,  f.  115. 

HOLLAND.  This  plant  is  alluded  to  by  Turner 
as  the  ranunculus  or  crowfoot,  and  Brockett 
mentions  a  yellow  flower  so  called  without 
giving  its  other  name.  It  is  probably  that 
species  which  is  described  by  Gerard,  p.  810, 
as  the  double  crowfoot  or  yellow  batchelor's- 
buttons.  "  Goulands,  Bor.  corn-marigolds," 
Kennett,  MS.  Lansd.  1033. 

COLLAR.    To  shout  ;  to  snarl.    North. 

GOLLOP.    A  large  morsel.    Somerset. 

G01.LS.  Fat  chops  ;  ridges  of  fat  on  a  corpulent 
person.  East. 

GOLOSSIANS.    Galoshes.  Arch.  xi.  95. 

GOLP.    A  sudden  blow.    Devon. 

GOLSII.     To  swallow  quickly.    North. 

GOLSOGHT.    The  jaundice. 

Knvus  man  may  lyknjd  be 

To  the  golwght,  that  es  a  payne, 

Mcne  may  se  it  in  mans  eeue. 

R.  deBntnne,  MS.  Bowet,  p.  46. 

GOME.  (1)  A  man.  (^.-£)  This  continued  in 
use  till  the  time  of  the  civil  wars.  It  occurs 
in  early  versions  of  the  Psalms  in  place  of  the 
modern  Gentile.  See  Reliq.  Antiq.  i.  77,  ii. 
211  ;  Lybeaus  Disconus,  1001. 

(2)  Black  grease.    Upton's  MS.  Additions  to 
Junius  in  the  Bodl,  Lib. 

(3)  Heed;  care.   Kennett  has,  "  to  gome,  to  mind 
or  be  intent  upon."    See  Goam  ;  R.  Glouc.  p. 
57.    A-S.  gyman. 

Son,  he  selde,  take  good  goniff, 
5y  ven  thou  hast  thin  owne  dome. 

Cursor  Mundi,  MS.  Otll.  Trin.  Cantab,  f.  50. 

(4)  A  godmother.    Cotgrave. 

GOMEN.  Game;  play.   W.Mapes,  p.347. 
GOMEHILL.    A  silly  fellow.    North. 
GOMMACKS.  Tricks  ;  foolery.   East. 
GOMMAN.  Gomman,  paterfamilias;  gommer, 
materfamilias.  Milles*  MS.  Glossary.  Skinner 


GOMME.  The  gum.   Chaucer. 

GON.  (1)  Since  j  ago.  Reliq.  Antiq,  i.  64. 

(2)  Gave.  Also,  to  give.    Var.  dial 

GONE.  (1)  Dead?  expired.   /  'ar.  dial 

(2)  A  term  in  archery,  when  the  arrow  was  shot 
beyond  the  mark.  The  same  term  is  still  used 
in  the  game  of  bowls,  when  the  bo\v  I  rims  be- 
yond the  jack.  Nares.  "  I  am  gone,  or  overcast 
at  bowles,"  HowelL 

GONEIL,  Same  as  Gtm&ntt,  q.  v. 

GONPANON.    A  banner  or  standard.  (A.-N.} 
See  Sir  Tristrem,  pp.  145,  210  ;  Kyug  Ali- 
*aunder,  1963  ;  Langtoft,  pp.  30,  330. 
Whan  thay  were  redy  for  to  ryde, 
They  rey&ed  spere  and  fffwfttnttuite* 

M-%  ttarl.22&2,  f.  112, 


GONGE.  (1)  To  go.  See  Ellis,  n.  399, 

Jhesu  thoujt  hit  was  ful  longc, 
Withouten  felov»shipeto£v>W£-e.     ' 

Cuisor  Mundi^MS.  Coll.  Tnn.  Cantnb  i  82. 

(2)  A  jakes.   "  The  devels  gonge-house  of  hpHe," 
MS.   quoted  in  MS.  Lansd.  1033.     Gnnyv- 
farmer,  a  cleaner  of  jakes,  Palsgrave.     Gwye- 
fermourer,  Cocke  Lorelles  Bote,  r.  3.   Sto\\e 
has  goung  for  dung.   See  Nares  in  v.  Gountj. 
J.ik,  if  every  hous  were  honest  to  etc  fldsh  inne, 
Than  were  it  lion«?st  to  ete  in  a  ?r->Y>g?. 

MS.  Dtffby  43,  f.  8. 

And  was  adrad  nyghe  owt  of  hys  wytte, 
And  caste  hyt  yn  a  gonge-pytte. 

JUS.  Cantab.  Ff.  ii.  3ft,  f.  138. 

GONHELLY.  A  Cornish  horse.  More's  MS. 
Additions  to  Hay,  Mus.  Brit. 

GONMER.  An  old  person.    Devon. 

GONNE.  A  machine  for  expelling  balls ;  a  gun, 
but  not  necessarily  used  with  gunpowder. 
Chaucer,  however,  has  the  term  in  exactly  the 
modern  sense. 

GONNERHEAD.  A  stupid  person.  North. 
Probably  fro*n  gonntr,  a  gander. 

GONY.  A*  great  goose.    Glouc. 

GOO.  Good.   See  Arch.  xxx.  4 08. 

GOOA.   Togo.    Far.  dial 

GOOCHY.   Indian  rubber,    far.  dial. 

GOOD.  (1)  Rich.  A  mercantile  use  of  the  word 
common  in  old  plays. 

(2)  Very.    Goodsawcily,  Thorns'  Anec.  p.  74. 

GOOD-BROTHER.   A  brother-in-law. 

GOOD-CHEAP.  Extremely  cheap.  It  answers 
to  bon-marche  in  Cotgrave.  In  Douce'*,  col- 
lection is  a  fragment  of  an  early  book  printed 
by  Caxton,  who  promises  to  s?ll  it  "good 
chepe."  See  Fletcher's  Poems,  p.  72. 

GOOD-DAWNING.   Good-morrow.   Went. 

GOOD-DAY.    A  holiday.  Staff. 

GOODDIT.  Shrove-tide.  North.  Shrove  Tues- 
day is  called  Goodies-Tuesday. 

GOOD-DOING.   Charitable ;  kind.  East. 

GOODED.   Prospered.-  Devon. 

GOOD-ENOUGH.  Passable.  Shak. 

GOOD-FELLOWS.  A  cant  term  for  thievrs. 
"Good  fellows  be  thieves,"  Hey  wood's  Edward 
IV.  p.  42. 

GOOD-FEW.   A  fair  number.  North. 

GOODGER.    Goodman,   or  husband.    Also 
term  for  the  devil.  Devon. 

GOOD-HOUR.  A  favourable  time,  a  phrase  ap- 
plied to  a  woman  in  labour. 

GOOD-HUSSEY.  A  thread-case.    West. 

GOODIN.  A  good  thing.   Yorfoh. 

GOODING.  To  go  agooding,  among  poor  peo- 
ple, is  to  go  about  before  Christmas  to  collect 
money  or  corn  to  enable  them  to  keep  the 
festival  Kent. 

GOODISH.  Bather  large  or  long.  Far.  dial 
"  A  goodish  step,"  a  long  way. 

GOODnKING-HARRY.  The  herb  goose-foot. 

GOODLICH,  Conveniently.  See  Nichols' Royal 
Wills,  p.  118 ;  Test.  Vetust.  p.  139. 

G00D-L1KE.  Handsome.  Good-like-naugUfc 
handsome  but  worthless,  JVo 


GOO 


410 


GOR 


GOOD  LORD.  A  term  formerly  applied  to  a 
patron  or  benefactor, 

GOODLY.    Fresh  or  gay  in  apparel. 

GOODLYHEDE.    Goodness.    (^.-&) 

GOOD-MAN.  The  landlord  or  master  of  a  house. 
See  Sevyu  Sages,  3869 ;  Matthew,  xs.  11.  In 
the  provinces,  a  woman  terms  her  husband  her 


GOODMANTURD.  A  worthless  unpleasant  fel- 
low.   See  Florio,  p.  160. 
GOOD-MIND.    Good  humour.  East. 
GOOD-MISTRESS.    A  patroness. 
GOOD-NIGHTS.   A  species  of  minor  poems  of 

the  ballad  kind.  Nares. 
GOOD-NOW.    A  phrase  equivalent  to,  Do  you 

know,  you  must  knoic.    West* 
GOOD-OUTS.    Doing  well.    far.  dial 
GOODS.    Cattle ;  dairy  produce.   North. 
GOODSCHIPE.    Goodness.    (^.-£) 
And  for  the  goodsvhipe  of  this  dede, 
They  grauuten  him  a  lusty  mede. 

Cower,  JUS.  Sjc.  Antiq.  134,  f,  117- 

GOOD-SPEED.    Yeast.    Florio,  p.  130. 

GOOD-TIDY.    Moderate;  reasonable.    Ea$t. 

GOOD-TIME.  A  festival.  Jonson. 

GOOD-TO.    Good  for.   See  Pegge,inv. 

GOOD-WOMAN.    A  wife.    Far.  dial 

GOOD-WOOLLED.  A  good-woolled  one,  i.  e., 
a  capital  good  fellow.  Line. 

GOODY.  (1)  Good-wife.  This  term  is  addressed 
only  to  poor  women.  North.  Chaucer  has 
ffood-lefe,  ed.  Uny,  p.  160. 

(2)  To  prosper ;  to  appear  good.    West . 

GOOD-YEAR.  Corrupted  by  our  old  writers 
from  goujere,  the  French  disease. 

GOOF.  A  kind  of  sweet  cake.   East. 

GOOGEN.  A  gudgeon,  See  Clerk's  edition  of 
Witbals'  Dictionarie,  1608,  p.  36. 

GOOKEE.  To  hang  down.  Devon. 

GOOM.    To  file  a  saw.    Var.  dial 

GOORDY.    Plump  or  round. 

We  shal  so  bowel  that  scrippe  or  bagge  of  his  with 
strokes,  by  pynchjnge  01  nyppyng  meile,  being 
nowe  swollen  with  moche  biasse,  i.  whiche  is  now 
borely  or  gaordy,  or  stroatted  out  with  moche 
money.  Acolattw,  1540. 

GOOSE.  ^1)  A  silly  fellow.   Far.  dial 

(2)  A  tailor's  smoothing  iron. 

(3)  A  game  described  by  Strutt,  p.  336.   On  the 
Stationers'  registers,  16th  June,  1597,  was 
licensed,  "  The  newe  and  most  pleasant  game 
of  the  goose." 

(4)  A  breach  made  hy  the  sea. 

GOOSE  BERRY.  To  play  old  gooseberry,  i.  e.,  to 

create  a  great  confusion. 
GOOSE-BILL.   The  herb  goose-grass. 
GOOSE-CAP.    A  silly  person.    Devon.    "A  sot, 

asse,  goosecap,"  Cotg.  in  v.  Grue. 
GOOSECHITE.   The  herb  agrimony. 
GOOSE-FEAST.    Michaelmas.  Line. 
GOOSE-FLESH.    The  roughness   of  the  skin 

produced  by  cold.    Far.  dial 
GOOSE-GOG.   The  gooseberry.    t>ar.dial 
COOSE-GRASS.   Catch-weed.  North. 
GOOSE.  HEARD    One  who  takes  care  of  gce&c 


1 


See  Harrison,  p.  223.  "dncarius,  a  gosherd, ' 
Nominate  MS. 

GOOSE-HOUSE.  A  parish  cage,  or  small  tem- 
porary prison.  Suffolk. 

GOOSE-INTENTOS.  A  word  used  in  Lanca- 
shire, where  the  husbandmen  claim  it  as  a  due 
to  have  a  goose-intentos  on  the  sixteenth  Sun- 
day after  Pentecost ;  which  custom  took  origin 
from  the  last  word  of  this  old  church  prayer 
of  that  day. — Tua  nos  qua&imus  Jti^mmc, 
gratia  semper  prteveniat  et  sequafiir:  adonis 
operibiASjugiterprcestet  esse intent o#.  Common 
people  mistake  it  for  a  goose  with  tat  foes. 
Blount's  Glossograpliia,  ed.  1681,  p.  290. 

GOOSEMAN-CHICK.     A  gosUng.    XortA. 

GOOSE-SMERE.  A  kind  of  axungia  luen- 
tioned  in  MS.  Sloane  5,f.2. 

GOOSE-TANSY.    Silver-weed.    North. 

GOOSE-TONGUE.     Sneeze-wort.     Craven. 

GOOSE -TURD-GREEN.  A  colour  in  apparel 
alluded  to  in  Harrisan,  p.  172;  Cotgra\eT  in 
v.  Ulerde.  Jonson,  iv.  413,  mentions  "  goose- 
green  starch,"  and  a  waistcoat  made  of  ffwtling 
green  is  named  in  the  Vicar  of  "Watt1  field, 
ch,  xii.  p.  59. 

GOOSHARETH.    The  herb  goose-grass* 

GOOSHILL.    A  gutter.     11  tit*. 

GOOSIER.    A  goose-heard,  q.  v.    Somerset. 

GOOSTLICHE.    Spiritually.    (.*.-£) 

GOOT.     Goeth.    Arch.  yxx.  40rf. 

GOOT-BUCKIS.    He  bucks.     Mekliffe. 

GOPE.  To  talk  vulgarly  and  loud ;  to  snatch, 
or  grasp.  Cumb. 

GOPPEN-FULL.  A  large  handful.  Xort/t. 
See  Cotgrave,  in  v.  Joint  e. 

GOPPISH.    Proud ;  pert ;  testy.     North. 

GOR.  (l;  Dirty;  miry;  rotten.     North. 

(2)  A  young  uuflcdged  bird.     Wcstm. 

(3)  A  clownish  fellow.    Sumefnct. 
GORBELLY.     A   person  with  a  larpc  belly. 

Devon.  Sec  IlolK  band,  151)3,  in  v.  Mrctlallirrf 

1  Henry  IV.  ii.  2. 

GORBIT.*    Same  as  Oor  (2).    JVW. 
GORBLE.    To  cat,  or  gobble    North. 
GORGE.    A  wear.     Blount,  in  v. 
GORCHANBE.    Grumbling.    R.  8c  Urmne 
GORCOCK.    The  red  grouse.    Novth. 
GOJRCROW.    A  carrion-crow.    Pennant.  Tins 

bird  is  mentioned  by  Ben  Jomon. 
GORD.    A  narrow  stream  of  water.    S*c  KPII- 

nett's  Gloss,  p.  80.  "  A  whirlpool,  or  <L-<>|>  hofo 

in  a  river,"  Blount's  Gloss,  ed,  KJrfl,  p.  290, 
GORDE.  (1)  Girded  on.     Mcyriclt,  i.  177. 
(2)  To  strike,  or  spur.     Gawiytw* 
GORE.  (1)  Mud; dirt,  kybeaiw Discomis,  U7U 

Still  in  use  in  Norfolk. 

(2)  A-gore,  bloody.    Sec  Moor's  Suffolk  WMI!*, 
p.  154,  and  Ayorr,  p.  32. 

(3)  The  lowest  part  in  a  trad  of  country,  AVM, 
It  is  explained  by  Keimett,  aaniaJl  narrow  «lip 
of  ground,  Gloss,  p.  80. 

(4)  A  piece  of  cloth  inserted.    This  is  the  ex- 
planation in  the  Craven  Glo&s,  i.  102,  nmt  it 
may  be  more  fully  described  as  a  diagonal  s 
inserted  at  the  bottom  of  a  shift,  *lirr  r 


GOS 


411 


GOU 


at  gown,  to  give  breadth  to  the  lower  part  of  | 
it.  Florio  has,  "  Gheroni,  the  gores  or  gussets 
of  a  shirt  or  smock.'*  See  Chaucer,  Cant.  T. 
3237.  It  is  often  used  by  very  early  writers 
in  the  phrase  under  (/ore,  i.  e.  under  the 
clothing.  This  explains  a  disputed  passage  in 
Sir  Thopas.  "Gouthlich  under  gore,"  MS. 
Digby  86.  "  Glad  under  gore,"  Wright's 
Ljric  Poetry,  p.  26.  See  also  Wright's  Pol. 
Songs,  p.  152.  Gore-coaf,  a  gown  or  petticoat 
gored,  or  so  cut  as  to  be  broad  at  the  bottom, 
and  narrower  at  the  upper  part,  Exmoor 
Scolding,  p.  39. 

(5)  To  make  up  a  mow  of  hay.    Line. 

GORE-BLOOD.     Clotted  blood.     Shak.    We 
ha"ve  yorwoundede  in  Reliq.  Antiq.  i.  55. 

GORELL.    A  great  clownish  lad. 

Glotony  that  go&ll  is  the  vjtc.  synne, 
That  men  Ube  of  in  delicat  fedyng  of  mete. 

MS.  Laud.  416,  f.  08. 

GORGAYSJE.  A  woman's  tucker.  Skclton,iL391. 

GORGE.    The  throat ;  the  mouth.    (A-N.}    A 

hawk  when  full-fed  was  said  to  bear  full  gorge. 

To  give  over  the  gorge,  i.  e.  to  be  sick. 

GOKGEATJNT.    A  boar  in  the  second  year.  An 

old  hunting  term. 

GORGER.     Armour  for  the  throat.     (A.-N.) 
See  Lybeaus  Disconus,  1618. 

Nowe  I  wol  sey  thceof  the jwffer,  whicheshoulde 
kcpe  the  throte-bolle. 

Runt,  of  the  Monk,  Sion  Cdlege  M S. 
GORGET.    "  A  kerchef  wherwith  women  cover 

their  pappcs,"  Barct,  1580. 
GORGE  Y.    To  shake,  or  tremble.     West. 
GORISOUN.    A  youth ;  a  page.     (sJ.-N.) 
GORLE.    To  devour  eagerly.    South. 
GORM.    To  smear;  to  daub.    North. 
GORMA.    A  cormorant.    North. 
GORN.    A  small  pail  with  one  handle.  Dertysh. 
GORNEY.    A  journey.    Robin  Hood,  i.  85. 
GORONS.    Bars  and  cramps  of  iron  to  secure 

the  upper  stones  of  a  pinnacle.    Blossom. 
GORRELL.    A  fat  person.    Cotgrave  has  this 
word,  in  v.  ttrectaitter.    In  Craven,  gorry,  very 
fat,  nauseously  fat. 
GORSE.     Furze.     J'ar.  dial.     "  The  firse  or 

gorse,"  Elyot,  1559,  in  v.  Paliurus. 
GORSEH01TER.    The  whinchat.     Chfsh. 
GORST.    The  jumper- tree,  but  more  commonly 

the  same  as  gorse,  q.  v. 
GOSE.    Go.    Chaucer. 

And  graythe  50*6  to  5<>ne  grene  wodc, 
Ana  got*  over  ther  nedcs. 

Morte  Arthur^  MS.  Lfwcofo,  f.  GO. 
GOSHAL.    The  goshawk.    Book  of  Rates, 
GOSLINGS.  The  blossoms  of  the  willow,  which 
children  sometimes  play  with  by  putting  them 
into  the  fire  and  seeing  how  they  burn,  re- 
peating verses  at  the  same  time. 
GOSLING-WEED.    Goose-grass.    IMoet. 
GOSPELLER.  (1)  An  EfdH#slist. 
And  the  foure  gotpellert 
Standand  on  the  peter*,  MS.  Uncrtn  A.  L 17,  f.  136. 
(2)  The  priest  tliat  chanted  the  gospel.     See 
DavieV  Ancient  Rites,  1672,  p.  14 ;  Ord.  and 
Reg.  p.  169. 


GOSS.  (1)  Furze.     See  Gorse. 

(2)  To  guzzle,  or  drink.    Devon. 

GOSSANDER,  The  Meryua  Merganser,  a  bird 
of  the  fens.  Dray  ton. 

GOS  SIB.  A  sponsor  at  baptism,  since  corrupted 
into  gossip.  See  Yerstegau's  observations  ui 
this  word  quoted  in  Ben  Jonson,  iii.  215  ; 
Plumpton  Corr.  p.  62 ;  Holinshcd,  Chi  on, 
Ireland,  p.  112 ;  State  Papers,  iii.  13.  There 
was  formerly  considered  a  kind  of  relation- 
ship between  a  person  and  his  sponsors,  ex- 
pressed by  gosniprede.  See  Lydgate's  Minor 
Poems,  p.  36  ;  State  Papers,  ii.  479. 

GOSSONE.     A  god-son.     Pr.Parv. 

GOST.  (1)  Goest ;  walkest.    (A.-S.) 

The  kyng  to  the  schepeule  con  say, 
Fro  me  ne  goat  thou  not  away. 

JUS.  Cental.  Ff.  v.  48,  f.  52. 

(2)  Spirit ;  mind ;  soul.     (^.-S.) 

GOSTEAD.     A  bay  or  division  of  a  barn.  Norf. 

GOSTER.     Same  as  Gauster,  q.  v. 

GOTCH.  A  large  pitcher.  Tar.  dial  Gotch- 
belly,  a  large  round  belly. 

GOTE.    A  ditch,  or  sluice.     North. 

There  arose  a  great  controversie  about  the  erect- 
ing of  two  new  gotes  at  Skirbek  and  Langare  for 
draynmg  the  waters  out  of  South  Holand  and  the 
Fens.  DugdaWs  Imbankivg,  1C(J2,  p.  243. 

GOTER.    A  shower.     Also,  a  gutter. 
He  sal  com  doun  als  ram  in  flees  soft, 
And  voters  droppand  over  erthc  oft. 

MS.  Kgeitott  C14,  f.48. 
Bunkes  flowen  of  Hooc'e  abowte  in  the  v,  le, 
And  out  of  the  gaye  golde  gotm  thcr  jode. 

MS.  Cutt.  aUiff.  A.  ii.  f.  114. 

GOTFER.    An  old  man.     Wilts. 

GOTHAM.  A  vv  ise  man  of  Gotham,  i.  e.  a  fool. 
It  is  scarcely  necessary  to  allude  to  the  well- 
known  collection  of  talcs  of  the  wise  men  of 
Gotham,  rcpr.  1840.  Gotham  is  also  a  cant 
term  for  Newcastle. 

GOTHARD.   A  fooli&h  fellow.    North. 

GOTIIELEN.  To  grumble,  or  rumble,  as  the 
stomach  does.  (A>-&.) 

GOTHEKLY.    Kind ;  sociable.    North. 

GOT11SEMAY.    Gossamer.    Lady Al.  1659. 

GO-TO.  Don't  go  to,  not  able  to.  Var.  dial 
The  phrase  go  to,  in  old  colloquial  language, 
and  often  introduced  in  old  plays,  has  not,  1 
believe,  been  properly  explained.  It  is  equi- 
valent to,  well,  wall  now,  well  thm,  or  yo  on  ; 
and  it  occurs  in  the  Trench  Alphabet,  Bvo. 
Lond.  1615,  as  tlie  translation  oforsvs.  Florio 
has,  "  jtfor  btne,  well,  go  too,  it  is  well  joow." 

GO-TO-BED-AT-NOON.    Goat's  beard. 

GOTOUES.  Lumps ;  impurities  ? 

Tak  the  rutea  of  morclle  and  wasche  theme  and 
stamp  thame  welc,  and  lay  thame  to  the  fester  at 
morne  and  at  evene,  aad  ever  clence  It  wele  of 
gotourt,  and  wasche  it  with  hate  wynt1. 

MS.Unc.Med.  f.  313. 

GOTTED.  Gotten.  Skelton. 

GOTT.   A  pitdiej-,  or  gotch,  q.  v. 

GOUD-SI'INIC,   A  goldfinch.   Craven. 

GOUL.  (1)  The  guin  of  the  eye.  North.  S^c 
Cotton's  Works,  1734,  p,  125. 


GOV 


412 


GRA 


or  -watarish  matter  in  sore  eyes  called  of  some 
gowle"  iFlorio,  p.  104. 

(2^  A.  hut,  or  cottage.     Cumb. 

GO  ULFE.    A  goaf  of  corn.  Palsgrave. 

GOUND.  A  yellow  secretion  in  the  corners  of 
the  eyes.  North.  Left  unexplained  in  Arch. 
xxx.  408.  "  Gownde  of  the  eye,"  Pr.  Parv. 
"Goxind,son?es  oculorum  condensat&per  totum 
agrum  Line,  vulgatissime  appellantur"  Skin- 
ner. In  MS.  Med.  Line.  f.  283  is  a  receipt 
"  for  hlered  eghne  and  gundy ,-"  and  gunny 
eyes  are  explained  sore  running  eyes  in  the 
Yorkshire  Dialogue,  1697,  p.  100.  The  gound 
is  well  explained  "by  Milles  to  be  oculorum 
gramia  qua  ab  oculis  distittat,  and  if  the  old 
text  in  the  passage  in  Timon  of  A.,  i.  1,  "  Our 
Poesie  is  as  a  Govme,"  ed.  1623,  p.  80,  is  in 
any  way  correct,  we  have  in  this  word  gound, 
or  goivnde,  as  it  is  spelt  in  Pr.  Parv.  p.  206,  the 
genuine  old  reading,  which  Tieck  tries  to  make 
sense  of  in  a  different  manner.  The  distillat 
of  Milles  answers  to  the  uses  or  oozes  of  Shake- 
speare. 

Right  so  plejnly  thorowe  thegonndy  sight 
Of  erytikes,  ne  may  not  susteyiie 
For  to  bebolde  the  clerenesse  of  this  queue. 

Lydgale,  MS.  Jshmola  39,  f .  36, 

GOTJNE -CLOTH.     Cloth  enough  to  make  a 

gown*   C7<<z«eer. 
GOURD.  ;1)  A  species  of  false  dice,  mentioned 

in  the  Merry  W.  of  W.  i.3. 

(2)  A  vessel  to  carry  liquor  in.    See  Chaucer, 
Cant.  T.  17031, 

(3)  "  Aqwlegium,  a  gourde  of  water,  whiche  cora- 
meth.  of  rayne,"  Elyot,  1559. 

GOURMANDIZE.    Gluttony,    Spenser. 

GOURY.    Dull ;  stupid-looking.    Korth. 

GOUSH.  A  stream.  Also,  to  make  a  noise,  as 
water  when  gushing  out. 

GOUT.  The  gateway  bridge  over  a  watercourse  5 
a  diaiu.  Warw. 

GOUTHLTCH.    Goodly.    (4.-S.) 
WJs  he  wes  of  lore, 
And  gottthlich  under  gore.    Wi  igWs  Anecd.  Lit.  p.  2. 

GOUTOUS.  Rich;  delicate,  especially  applied 
to  made  dishes.  Ord.  and  Reg.  p.  473.  '*  Luk 
ay  that  he  ette  no  gowttous  mette,"  MS.  Med. 
Line.  f.  310.  So  called  probably  on  account 
of  rich  meats  causing  that  disease.  "  Gotows 
mann  or  womanne,#w#o$M$,"  Pr.  Parv.  p.  206. 
G^/osimnMed.  Lat.  corresponds  to  arthriticus. 

GOUTS:  (1)  Drops.  Macbeth,  ii.  ].  There  is 
no  douht  of  the  correctness  of  this  explana- 
tion. Gowtyth  for  droppeth  occurs  in  an 
early  English  MS.  mentioned  in  Arch.  xxx. 40 8. 

(2)  The  spots  on  a  hawk,  an  ancient  term  in  fal- 
conry. See  Diet.  Rust,  in  v. 

GOVE.  (1)  To  stare  vacantly.    North. 

(2)  To  make  a  mow.   Tusser,  p.  176.   This  is  an- 
other form  of  goaf,  q.  v. 

(3)  Given.   Lydgate. 

GOVELE.  To  get  money  by  usury.  It  is  a 
substantive  in  Digby  Myst.  p.  191. 

He  govelyde  godc  with  alle  hys  rayght. 

H.  de  Brunne,  MS.  Bowes,  p-  fi. 
GOVERft  AILLE.  Government;  steerage.  (A.-N>] 


GOVE-TUSHED.  Having  projected  teeth.  Deri 
GOW.  (1)  Wild  myrtle.    Florio,  p.  4. 
(2)  Let  us  go.  Suffolk.  An  abbreviation  of  go  u-e 
plur.  imper.  of  go.    In  the  Northern  counties, 


GOWARGE.   A  round  chisel  used  for  making 

hollows.   North. 
GO- WAY.    Give  way ;  cease. 

Go  way,  doujtur,  sich  thyng  ' 
I  ville  no  OToreof  thi  playng. 

AfS.  C«»f«&.  Pf.  v.48,  f.  44, 
GOWBERT.   A  goblet,  or  drinking-\  essel. 
GOWCES.    The  pieces  of  armour  w  hich  protect 

the  arm-pit  when  the  arm  is  raided. 
Um-begrippys  a  spere,  and  to  ngome  rynnys, 
That  bare  of  gowles  fulle  gayc  with  #tw«.r*  of  h>  vcre. 
Morts  Arthurs,  MS.  Lineuln,  f.  !>i?, 

GO\VD.  (1)  A  toy  or  gaud.  AV;rM. 

(2)  To  cut  dirty  wool  from  off  the  tails  of  ibtvp. 

North.  The  \v  ool  so  cut  oft'  is  called  i/<wnr/wv. 
GOWIJER.   Futuo.    North. 
GOWDYLAKIN.  A  plaything.   NortJtvmb. 
GOWER.  (1)  A  great  dish  or  platter  for  potage. 

Winton.    Keiniett's  MS.  Gloss. 
(2)  A  kind  of  cake,  formerly  made  for  child:  ni  at 

Christmas.    North's  Toy-Book,  1CG5. 
GOWGE.  The  gauge  or  measure. 

The  pwift'  *>eycl,  the  devyles  dyrte 
Fore  auythli  g  that  thott  canne  wyrke  J 

yfuges  Portlcee,  p.  I«. 
GO^"1L-SO\VGIIT.    This  is  translated  by  g&h- 

coma  in  Nominale  MS. 
GOWK.    A  cuckoo.    Also  as  gofa*  q.  v.   ! fence 

Goivfc-sptii  cuckoo  spit.  North. 
GOWLARE.    An  usurer.   Pr.Part*. 
GOWLE.  To  cry  sulkily.  North,  Brock  ell  s:i\s, 
'•  to  threaten  in  a  kind  of  howl."    (I'lu^.  <>»]. 
1829,  p.  138.     Sec  Relic].  Anliq.  i.  &H  ;  Tun- 
dale,  pp.  15,  39. 

For  unnethes  es  a  chyldc  borne  fully, 
That  It  tie  begynnes  toffmrl*'  an-l  t  ry<*. 

Hampnlti,  3/.S'  Jfw/rv,  p.  a;». 
GOWLED.     Gummed  up.     &'e6W(l). 
GOWLES.     Gulcjs.     Reliq.  Anthj.  i.  32  i. 
The  creht  that  on  hK  hohnve*, 
Esa  lady  of  £»u'/it  in  h«r  rechi'8. 

WS,  Lin&iin  A.  1.17,  f- 141. 
A  lyone  tycd  till  an  akc 
Of  ffwljtt  and  grene.  MS.  JIM  f»  i»4, 

GOWST Y.    Dreary ;  frightful ;  ghaatly ;  dUiutU 

or  uncomfortable.    North. 
GOWT.    A  sink;  a  vault.     Wat, 
GOWTE.    A  swelling.    Arch.  xxx.  408, 
GOWTONE.    To  gutter  as  a  candle.    <(  (Sow- 

tone  as  candelys/'  Pr.  Parv. 
GOXIDE.     Yawned;  gaped,    ftafcr. 
GOYSE.    Goes.    Townelcy  Mv,st.  ]).  13. 
GOYTE.    The  same  as  gate,  <|."v. 
GOZELL.    A  guzzle,  or  ditch.     "  Traptetto, 

any  feme,  a  passage,  a  foard,  or  gozdl  over 

from  shore  to  shore,"  Florio. 
GOZZAN*.    An  old  wig  grown  yellow  from  age 

and  wearing.     Cornw. 
GOZZARD.    A  fool    Line. 
GBAAL.    A  large  dish,  a  large  hollow  basin,  fit 

for  serving  up  meat    The  St.  Grml  ww  tbe 
in  which  our  Saviour  ate  the  la*t  *tip 


GEA 


413 


GEA 


per  with  his  apostles,  and  is  fabled  to  have 
been  preserved  by  Joseph  of  Arimathea.  Va- 
rious miracles  are  said  to  have  been  performed 
by  means  of  this  dish,  and  it  is  a  frequent 
subject  of  allusion  in  some  of  the  old  ro- 
mances, as  an  object  in  search  of  which  nu- 
merous knights-errants  spent  their  lives.  See 
further  in  Roquefort. 

GRAB.  To  seize,  or  snatch ;  to  steal.  Also,  a 
snap  or  bite.  J7ar.  dial, 

GRABBLE.  To  grapple.  Devon.  "To  grabble 
or  grope  a  wench,"  Miege. 

CRABBY.  Grimy  j  filthy.  Kent. 

GRAB-STOCK.  A  young  crab-tree,  or  the  cut- 
ting of  one.  Dorset. 

GRACE.   Harde  grace,  misfortune. 

GRACE-CUP.  A  large  cup  in  a  monastery  or 
college,  passed  round  the  table  after  grace  -was 
said.  See  Davies'  Ancient  Rites,  1672,  p.  126. 

GRACE-OF-GOD.  The  plant  hartshorn.  See 
Topsell's  Foure-footed  Beasts,  p.  126. 

GRACES.  Thanks ;  gifts.   WicWffe. 

GRACE-WIFE.  A  midwife.  Durham. 

GRACIA-DEI,  A.  medicine  so  called,  described 
in  MS.  Med.  Line.  f.  308. 

GRACIOUS.  Agreeable;  graceful.  It  occurs  in 
Chaucer  and  Shakespeare. 

GRACY-DAYS,    Daffodils.  Devon. 

GRADDE.  Cried  for;  cried  to, 

And  thcnk,  as  thou  hast  herd  me  tellc, 
How  grace  he  grwcW^and  grace  he  hacUlc. 

Gowcr,  MS,  Budl.  294. 
He  porveide  him  of  a  schip, 

And  over  the  watcre  ladde, 
Everch  tyme  dalj  andnyjt 

AHe  that  to  him  gradde.     MS.  Laud.  108,  f.  1 I7« 

ORADE.  Prepared ;  got  ready.  (^.-£) 
GRADELY.     Decently;  orderly;  moderately 

Also  an  adjective.  JVor/A. 
GRADUATE.  A  physician.  Suffolk. 
GRAF,   The  depth  of  a  spade's  bit  in  digging. 

Salop.    Hence,  to  dig.  Perhaps  from  orafe,  a 

husbandman.  Spade-graf,  the  quantity  of  stuff 

turned  up  by  the  spade  at  once. 
GRAFER.  An  engraver.  Lydgate.    Wright  has 

grafyng  in  his  Monastic  Letters,  p.  137. 
GRAFF.    A  graft.    Also,  to  graft.    See  Robin 

Hood,  i.  32 ;  Tusser,  p.  115. 
To  make  fhegntffo  that  hee  fro  Judas  fette, 
Fructifye  in  a  pure  virgyne. 

Lydgattt,  SfS.  8oc.  Anttq,  134,  f.  18. 

GRAFFER.  A  notary.  Blount, 
GRAFFBRB.  One  who  grafts.  Lydgate. 
GRAFFLE,   To  grapple.  Somerset. 
GRAFMAKERE.  A  sexton.   Withak. 
GRAFT.  A  ditch.   Craven. 
GRAFTED-IN.    Begrimed.  Devon. 
GRAFTING-TOOL.   A  long  spade  used  in  drain- 
ing land.  Salop. 

GRAG.  The  neck.  Nominate  MS. 
GRAID,    See  Grade.  "  Wde,"  Trin.  Coll.  MS 

Of  thir  tillage*  I  haf  hear  said, 

W»f  Adam  cow  to-g«dir  #ntW. 
Cursor  Mvndi,  MS.  Cott.  Ve*p*s.  A.  111.  f.  6 

(JRAILE.  (1)  Gravel ;  small  pebbles.  Spenser. 
(2)  The  name  of  the  book  which  contained  tfc* 


responses  sung  by  the  choir.  "  I  gowle  an  ml 

yrayel"  Reliq.  Antiq.  i.  291.    "  Gradate,  a 

grale,"  Nominale  MS. 
GRAILING.  A  slight  fall  of  hail,  just  to  Cover 

the  ground.  North. 
GRAILS.      The  smaller  feathers   of  a  hawk 

Blome. 
GRAIN.  (1)  A  branch  of  a  tree.   Cwrib. 

(2)  To  strangle,  gripe,  or  throttle.  East. 

(3)  Broken  victuals.   Somerset. 

(4)  The  prong  of  a  fork.    West. 

(5)  A  scarlet  colour  used  by  dyers.  Blount* 
GRAINED.    Grimed  ;  dirty.    Wilts. 
7RiINED-FORK.  A  pronged  fork.  East. 
TRAINEE.  Proud  ;  ill-tempered.  Devon.  "Stiff, 

somewhat  stately,"  Milles  MS. 

DRAINING.  The  fork  of  a  tree.  North. 

JRAIN-STAFF.  A  quarter- staff,  with  a  pair  of 
short  tines  at  the  end  which  they  call  grains. 
Dean  Milles'  MS.  Glossary. 

JRAITHE.  To  prepare;  to  make  ready;  to 
dress.  (A.-S.)  Still  in  use  in  the  North,  and 
explained  in  the  provincial  glossaries,  "  pre- 
paration ;  readiness ;  to  bring  a  horse  up  with 
great  care  ;  the  trapping  of  ahorse ;  to  clothe, 
or  furnish ;  to  repair;  condition  ;  riches."  See 
Arthour  and  Merlin,  p.  175 ;  Perceval,  123. 
Graitfting,  clothing,  equipment.  Grath,  speed, 
Towneley  Myst.  p.  32. 

Thre  score  knyghtis  of  the  best 
Graythed  wele  In  grene. 

MS.  Lincoln  A.  i.  17,  f.  134. 

Bot  if  thowe  graythe  thy  gcre,  the  wille  greftf  happen e, 
Or  thowe  goo  of  this  greve,  for  all  thy  grete  wordes. 
MoHe  drthitre,  MS.  Lincoln,  f.  80. 

GRAITHLY.  Readily ;  speedily.  (^f.-5.)  It  here 
means  steadfastly,  confidently. 

It  we  gvaythely  and  sothefastly  behalde  ouresclfc, 

ther  es  na  thynge  that  we  here  hafe  that  we  may  bi 

righte  calle  ours.  MS.  Lincoln  A.  i.  17.  f.  8. 

Bot  alway  thynke  on  thy  laste  ende,  for  thou  crt 

a  dedly  mane,   and  ilk  a  daye,  if  tliou  bohakie 

ffraythefyfthou,  may  see  thy  dead  bifore  thyne  eghiu-. 

MS.  Ibid.  f.  21. 

Fely*  me  tjratMy  every  ylke  one, 
And  se  that  I  have  fleche  and  bone. 

Croft's  Excei-pta  Antiqvat  p.  10(j. 
(3RAKE.   To  crack.  Lydgate. 
GRAMATOLYS.   Smatterers.   Sfalton. 
GRAMS.  Anger;  grief.  (A.-S.) 

Moradas  seyde,  hyt  ys  grete  schame 
On  a  hors  to  wreke  thy  grams. 

MS.  Cantab.  Ff.  ii.  38,  f.  79 
"Wist  my  lorde  of  this  house, 
Wi^h  fcrame  he  wold  the  grete, 

MS.  Lincoln  A.  1. 17,  f.  135. 

GRAMERCY.  Great  thanks.  (A~N.) 
G)'aunt-mer<Y,  seid  than  he, 
But  silver  saalt  thou  DOB  gif  me. 

MS,  Cantab.  Ff.  v.  48,  f.  S3. 

GRAMERY.  An  grcmwatica,  and  hence  used 
generally  for  abstruse  learning. 

GRA.MFEIL  A  grandfather.    West. 

GRAMFER-LONG1EGS,    A  daddy-longleg*. 

GRAMME  R.  A  grandmother.   West. 

GRAMMEKED.  Begrimed.    Wilts. 

GRAMMER'S-PIN.   A  large  pin.  Devon. 


GftA 


414 


GBA 


GRAMPLE.   A  crab.   Skinner.    (Fr.) 
GRAN  ADO.  A  grenade.   Howell. 
GRANCH.  (1)  To  scrunch.    Warw. 
(2)  A  grange.    Milles'  MS.  Gloss. 
GRAND,  Very ;  much.  Kent. 
GRANDAM.  A  grandmother.     Far.  dial    bee 

Withals,  ed.  1608.  p.  140. 
GRAND  ARDE,     Part  of  ancient  armour,    bee 

Hall,  Henry  IV.  f.  12.    It  seems  to  have  been 

worn  only  hy  knights  when  on  horseback. 

Sometimes  spelt  grand-guard. 
GRAN  DIE.   Grandmother.   Nwth. 
GRAND-TRICKTRACK.  An  old  game  at  cards 

mentioned  in  Poor  Robin's  Country  Vices,  4to. 

Lond.  1674. 
GRANJG.  To  groan.  North. 

Here  my  trowthe  or  I  be  tane, 
Many  of  «mr  gestis  salle  gvane. 

MS  Lincoln  A.  i.  17,  f.  133. 
GRANEIN.  The  fork  of  a  tree.  Line. 
GRANER.  A  granary.   Baret,  A.  266. 
GRANGE.    A  farm-house ;  a  barn,  or  granary; 

a  small  hamlet.   In  Lincolnshire,  a  lone  farm- 
house is  still  so  called. 
GRANK.  To  groan;  to  murmur.   SeeTowneley 

Myst.  p.  155.    Still  in  use.    Gravity,  com- 
plaining. Brockett,p.  139. 
GRANNEP.    A  grandmother.    YorfoL    More 

usually  called  granny. 
GRANNY-DOD.    A  snail-shell.     C&mb. 
GRANNY-REARED.    Spoiled,  i.  e.,  brought  up 

by  a,  grandmother.  North. 
GRANNY-THREADS.  The  runners  of  thecreep- 

ing  crow-foot.    Craven. 
GRAN  ON  S.    The  long  hairs  growing  about  the 

mouth  of  a  cat.    Topsell,  p.  104. 
GRAN  SEE.    A  grandsire.    Towneley  Myst.  p. 
172.    Still  used  in  Salop.     Palsgraye  has 

grawntsyre;    and    grayiiser   occurs  in  tlie 

Plumpton  Corr.  p.  151. 
Come  hethyr,  he  seid,  and  take  tip  this  sak, 
And  ley  it  if.  fold  on  thy  gravnwr*  bale. 

MS.  Laud.  416,  f.  45. 
GRANT.    The  pudendum  muliebre.    Hence,  to 

prostitute  the  body.  Still  in  use. 
GRAF.  (1)  A  vulture.  See  Gripe. 
(2)  An  ear  of  Virginia  corn.    MS.  Lausd.  1033. 
GRAPE.  (1)  To  grope,  or  feel.  North. 
(2)  A  fork  with  three  prongs  used  for  filling 

rough  dung.  North. 

GRAPER.    The  covering  for  the  gripe  or  han- 
dle of  a  lance.  Arch,  xm  291. 
GRAPINEL.  A  grappling-iron.  (^-JV.) 
GRAPLE.    A  hook;  the  clasp   of  a  buckle, 

Hollyband's  Dictionarie,  1593. 
GRAS.    Grace.    Sevyn  Sages,  658. 
GRASH.   To  gnash  the  teeth.   See  Collier's  Old 

Ballads,  p.  71 ;  Topsell's  Beasts,  p.  126.  Also, 

to  crush,    "  Graschede  doune  crestez,"  MS. 

Morte  Arthure,  f.  75. 
GRASIERS.    Sheep  or  other  animals  when  fed 

solely  on  grass.    North. 
GRASPLIN,   Twilight.  Devon. 
GRASS-HE AKTH.    A  feudal  service  of  a  day's 

plo  ogling,   Kennett. 


GRAS S  -TAB LE.    See  Earth-table. 

GRASS  -WIDOW.    An  unmarried  woman  who 

has  had  a  child,   far.  dial   See  ilS.  Century 

Book,  No.  77. 

GRAT.  (1)  Wept.    Northuml. 
(2)  Made.  Foryarf.  Degrevant,  339. 
GRATCHE.    A  supposed  error  for  graithe  in 

Rom.  Rose,  7368. 
GRATE.  (1)  A  fish-hone,   (Germ.) 

(2)  A  grating,  or  lattice.    See  Test.  Vetust,  p. 
627 ;  Davies'  Ancient  Rites,  p.  70  j  Death  of 
Robert  E.  of  Huntingdon,  p.  27. 

(3)  Grateful.  JBecm. 

(4)  To  seize ;  to  snatch.  Devon. 

(5)  Metal  worked  into  steel,  as  in  the  making  of 
weapons,  &c. 

GRATII.    Assured;  confident.  North. 
GRATIKG.  The  act  of  separating  the  large  from 

small  ore.     Craven. 

GRAT  TEN.  Stubble.  South.  Ray  says  it  means 
sometimes  after-grass. 

The  north  part  of  Wilts  adjoyninp- to  Stonebrush 
Cotcswold,  and  is  part  of  Coteswohi,   the  arable 
&  etton-grounds  bears  an  abundance  of  wylU  tan^ie. 
Aubjey's  WUtt,  RojwJSw.  AfSf.  p.  121. 

GRATT1CHING.  Dung  of  deer.  Cotgrave,  in  v. 

Fumetej  Plateaux. 

GllAUNDEPOSE.    A  grampus,    SMtlWL, 
G  HAUNT.   Great.    Piers  Ploughman,  p.  353. 
GEAUNTE.     Agreed.     "  Graunte,    seid  cure 

kyng,"  MS.  Cantib.  H.v.  48,  f-48. 
GRAUNT-EADER.  A  grandfather. 

The  King  pardons  that  for  thy   noble  graunt- 

fader,  the  whiche  suffrid  trouble  for  the  kynges 

moost  noble  predecesseurs.         MS.  CM.  Arm.  L.  &. 
GRAUT.   Wort.    Yortefa 
GRAVE.   (1)  To  dig;  to  bury.     Aor/A.    See 

Mauadevile,  p.  12 ;  Sevyn  Sages,  18 ;  Gy  of 

Warwike,  p.  410. 

(2)  A  nobleman  of  the  low  countries.    Hence, 
Grave  Maurice.    Grave,  a  bailiff.    Yorteh. 

(3)  A  potato-hole.    Line. 

(4)  Engraven.    Kyng  Alisaunder,  3155. 

So  that  my  lady  therupone, 
Hath  suche  a  prcnteof  love^raw. 

Gowtr,  MS.  SM.  Jntiq.  134,  f.  4SL 

GRAVELIN.  A  small  migratory  fish,  about  six 
inches  in  length,  commonly  reputed  to  be  the 
spawn  of  the  salmon.  See  Harrison,  p.  224. 

GRAVELLED.  Vexed;  mortified;  perplexed. 
Also,  buried.  North. 

GRAVER.  A  sculptor  5  an  engraver.  See  Con- 
stitutions of  Masonry,  p.  31. 

GRAVES.  The  refuse  which  remains  at  the 
bottom  of  the  melting  pot  used  in  making 
tallow  candles.  It  is  collected  and  prea&ea 
into  oblong  cakes,  which  are  boiled  with  water 
as  food  for  dogs. 

GRAVE-SPIKE.  An  instrument  u$e4  by  sex* 
tons  in  digging  graves.  W&t. 

GRAVID,   Big  with  child.  (Lai.) 

GRAVKYNG.   Graying ;  dawning.   Weber. 

GRAVOWRYS.   Engravers.    Pr.  & 

GRAVYNGE.    Burial.    S«e  Grow. 

Tilie  hys  grvvynsP  it  wmyde  *lff*tb 
servese,  Jf&  l&uxt*  A,  I*  17-  **  ***» 


GUE 

GRA\V.    The  ague.     Also,  the  sensation  just 

before  the  fit.    North. 
GRAWINGERNE.    A  piece  of  iron  on  a  wag- 
gon, formerly  used  as  a  drag. 
GUAWSOME.    Ugly;  frightful.    North. 
GRAir.  (1)  Twilight.    Kennett. 
('2)  A  badger.    See  Hollyband,  in  v.  Blaireau; 
Topsell's  Four-Footed  Beasts,  p.  34.  Also,  the 
skin  or  fur  of  a  badger,  as  in  Lybeaus  Dis- 
conus,  839  ;  Brit.  Bibl.  ii.  404. 
GRAYEDE.    Prepared  ;  got  ready. 
Thare  of  the  eile  was  payede 
Sone  his  o^te  hase  he  g>  avede  ,- 
He  was  na  thyng  affniyede. 

MS.  Lincoln  A.  i.  17,  f.  131. 

GRAYLING.  Applied  to  tapettes  for  sumptcr 
horses,  and  means  that  they  were  cut  or 
rounded.  Eliz.  of  York,  p.  14. 

GRAYSTE.     To  gnash,  or  grind. 

\Vhenne  Alexander  herde  this,  he  biganc  to 
ffratff.tc  with  the  tc the,  and  to  torne  hiahede  hedir 
«nd  thetiir,  MS.  Lincoln  A.  i.  17,  f.  42. 

GRAYT1IELYCI1E.    Speedily.   "  And  gray 't 'fa- 

lyche  arayedc,"  MS.  Morte  Arthure,f.  61. 
GIUYVEZ."    Steel  boots.    "  With  grayvez  and 

gobelets,"  MS.  Morte  Artlrare,f.  63. 
GRAZE.    To  fatten.   Also,  to  become  covered 

with  growing  grass.  Norf. 
GRE.    An  ear  of  com.     "  Spica,  gre  of  come," 

MS.  Coll.  Jes.  Oxon.  28. 
GREABLE.     Agreed.    See  Dial.  Croat.  Moral. 

p,  89  ;  and  Agreeable. 
GREASE.  (1)  Rancid  butter.    North. 

(2)  A  dim  suffusion  over  the  sky,  not  positive 
cloudiness.   East. 

(3)  To  grease  in  the  fist,  i.  e.  to  bribe.    Cotgrave, 
in  v.  Enfonser, 

(4)  The  fat  of  a  hare,  boar,  wolf,  fox,  marten, 
otter,  badger,  or  coney.    The  season  of  the 
hart  and  buck  was  called  grease  time,  be- 
cause that  was  the  season  when  they  were 
fat  and  fit  for  killing.    See  Sir  H.  Dry  den's 
Twici,  p.  25. 

That  nane  werreye  my  wylde  botte  Waynour 

hirselvtne, 

And  that  in  the  sesone  whenne  greeses  asslgnyde. 
JMinrte  Arthurs >  MS.  Lincoln,  f,  60. 

(5)  To  graze.    Palsgrave. 

GREASY.  Foul ;  grassy;  spoken  of  fallows  or 
ploughed  ground.  Norf.  Also,  slimy,  as  some 
roads  are  after  rain. 

GREAT.  (1)  Intimate; familiar;  high  in  favour; 
fond  ;  loving.  Far.  dial  Also  an  archaism. 

(2)  To  work  by  great  is  to  work  by  quantity  in- 
stead of  by  the  day.  See  Nomenclator,  p.  502 ; 
Batehelor,  p.  134 ;  Tnsser,  p,  183.  By  great, 
by  the  gross,  wholesale. 

GREATEN.    To  enlarge.    Kent. 

GREAT-HARE.    A  hare  in  its  third  year. 

GREAT-HEARTED,  Bold ;  magnanimous ;  in- 
flexible. Pr.  Pant, 

SREATHLY.  Handsomely?  towardly.  In 
oreatht  well.  North* 

GREAT-JOSEPH.    A  surtottt.    Grose. 

GREAT-LIKE.  Probably;  very  likely,  tforfr. 
Shakespeare  has  the  phrase. 


;>  GRE 

GREAT-MEN.    An  old  term  for  members  o< 

parliament  and  noblemen. 
GREAUN.    A  mouth.    Yorksh. 
GREAVES.  (1)  Boots;  buskins.    North.     Iron 

boots  were  formerly  so  called.    See  Mirr.  Mag. 

p.  46  ;  Blanche's  Costume,  p.  138. 

(2)  Griefs  ;  grievances.     Ord.  and  Reg.  p.  159. 
More  usually  spelt  greves. 

(3)  Trees ;  bough* ;  groves.    Spenser. 
GREAZAGATE.    A  wheedling  fawning  design- 
ing fellow.    Yorksh. 

GRECHtJT.    Grew  angry.    Robson,  p.  19. 
GRECK.    A  dwarf;  the  smallest  of  a  brood  or 

litter.    Yorteh. 

GRECYNGES.    Steps.    Maundevile,  p.  220. 

GREDE.  (1)  To  cry;  to  proclaim,    (^.-£) 

Fulle  lowde  gonne  they  bloweaud  giede. 

MS.  Hart.  2252,  f.  97. 

(2)  A  greedy  person.    Chaucer. 

(3)  The  lap.    Sevyn  Sages,  1802.    Weber  also* 
explains  it,  the  "  breast  of  the  mantle." 

(4)  A  small  tub  used  in  washing.  Line. 
GREDEL.    A  gridiron.    See  Griddle. 

A  strong  fur  he  let  make  andgret, 
And  a  gi  edel  theropon.  sette. 

MS.  Coll.  Trtn.  OjcotL  57. 

GREE.  (1)  To  agree.     North.    "Itgreesnot 
well,"  Collier's  Old  Ballads,  p.  50. 

(2)  Grace ; favour ;  pleasure ;  will.  See  Lydgate's 
Minor  Poems,   p.   22 ;  Maundevile,  p.  295 ; 
Wright's  Anec.  p.  83.    To  receive  in  gre,  i.  e., 
to  take  kindly. 

(3)  Degree  ;  the  prize.     (A.-N.) 

Who  so  evyr  wynncth  the  grc.e 
Schnlle  wedde  hur  wyth  ryaltfe. 

MS.  Cantab.  Ff.  ii.  38,  f.  75. 
The  doghtty  knyght  in  the  grene 
Ha.se  wonnene  thegrie. 


GREECE.    A  step.  Harrison,  p.  33. 

GREED  S.  The  straw  to  make  manure  in  a  farm- 
yard. Kent. 

GREEDY.    To  long  for.  North. 

GREEDY-GUTS.  Gluttons.  Greedy  -founds, 
hungry  persons.  North. 

GREEK.  "  Averlan,  a  good  fellow,  a  mad  com- 
panion, merie  Greeke,  sound  drunkard," 
Cotgrave.  See  Nares,  in  v. 

GREEN.  Fresh,  applied  to  meat.  See  Harrison, 
p.  221.  According  to  Pegge,  "  raw,  not  done 
enough."  In  Lincolnshire,  coals  just  put  on 
the  fire  are  called  green.  A  young  inexperi- 
enced youth  is  very  commonly  so  denomi- 
nated, and  Shakespeare  uses  the  term  in  the 
same  sense. 

For  drede  and  love  they  hadde  for  to  sene, 
So  harde  assay  made  on  hire  age  grtfte. 

Lj/dgrte,  MS.  farijltttiq.  f34,  f.  7. 

GREEN-BONE.    The  netiteMfi'  North. 

GREEN-CHEE&E*  Oearii-cfceese.  Fools  and 
children  are  told  that  the  moon  is  made  of 
this  material  "To  make  one  swallow  a 
gudgeon,  Qr'btiEdftte  a  lie,  and  that  the  moon« 
'greeUpfe-cheese,*^  Horio",  p.  73. 


GREBN-DRAO.    TheMa^y-fly.    North. 
GREENE-WIKCHARD.     A  sloven.    See  th« 
ltye  of  Vacabondes,  1575. 


GUE 


416 


GUE 


GREENHY.  The  green  grosbeak.  North.  Called 
tbe  green-olf  in  Norfolk. 

GREEN-FISH.    The  cod.    Coks. 

GREEN-GOOSE.  A  young  or  Midsummer 
goose.  A.  fair  held  at  Bow,  co.  Essex,  was 
called  Green-goose  Fair.  It  was  also  a  cant 
term  for  a  cuckold,  and  a  common  woman. 

GREEN-HAND.  One  who  is  green  or  awkward 
at  any  work.  Var.  dial. 

GREEN-HEW.  A  certain  tribute  paid  to  the 
lord  of  the  manor  in  Westmoreland  for  liberty 
of  cutting  off  the  boughs  or  heads  of  some 
trees.  Kennett. 

GREEN-HORN,  An  inexperienced  youth. 
Greyn-horne,  the  name  of  an  ox,  occurs  in  the 
Towneley  Mysteries,  p.  8. 

GREEN-LAND.    Pasture  land.     South. 

GREENLING.    Same  as  Green-fish,  q.  v. 

GREENLY.    Unskilfully.    Shak. 

&REEN-MAN,  A  savage.  Strutt  describes  the 
green-men  of  the  old  shows  as  '*  whimsically 
attired,  and  disguised  with  droll  masks,  hav- 
ing large  staves  or  clubs  headed  with  cases  of 
crackers,"  The  term  is  still  retained  in  the 
sign  of  "  The  Green-man  and  Still"  in  Oxford 
Street,  and  other  places. 

GREEN-MUSTARD.   The  plant  dittander. 

GREEN-PEAK.  A  woodpecker,  line.  It 
occurs  in  Cotgrave,  in  v.  Pic. 

GREEN-SAUCE.  Sour  dock  or  sorrel  mixed 
with  vinegar  and  sugar.  North. 

GUEEN-SIDE.    Grass;  turf.    Devon. 

GREEN-SILVER.  It  is  an  ancient  custom  in 
the  manor  of  Writtel,  co.  Essex,  that  whatever 
tenant  has  lus  fore-door  opening  to  Green- 
bury,  pays  a  halfpenny  yearly  to  the  lord  of 
the  manor  by  the  name  of  green-silver. 
Kennett,  MS.Lansd,  1033. 

GREEN-SLEEVES.  A  very  popular  tune,  pub- 
lished in  1580,  and  frequently  alluded  to. 
See  Collier's  Shakespeare,  i.  200. 

GREEN-STONE.  A  name  given  to  the  soft 
slaty  rocks  in  the  Western  counties.  Grene- 
stone,  in  Chaucer,  seems  to  mean  stone  newly 
hewn. 

GREEN -TAIL.  A  diarricea  in  deer,  to  which 
they  are  often  subject.  North. 

GREEN-WAX.  Seems  to  be  used  for  estreats 
delivered  to  the  sheriffs  out  of  the  Exche- 
quer, under  the  seal  of  that  court  made  in 
green  wax,  to  be  levied  in  the  counties. 
See  Blount's  Law  Diet,  in  v. 

GREEN- WEED.    The  dyer's  broom.   Eaxt. 

GREEOP.    Very  nearly  so.    Lane, 

GREEP.  (1)  A  bunch.    Somerset 

(2)  To  grapple,  or  clutch.    J)evon» 

GREES.  Steps;  stairs.  North.  "  Siste  gradum, 
abide  thor  ttiffrees,"  MS.  Egerton  829,  f.  79. 
"At the  greese-foot,"  Davies,  p.  136. 

At  this  temple  that  I  of  mene, 

A  greese  ther  was  of  steppes  fiftene. 

Cwtor  Mundi,  MS.  Coll.  Trin.  Cantab.  (.  66, 
Up  at  a  grass  seho  hym  lade, 
To  chamblr  scho  hym  hroghte. 

JfS.  Lincoln  A.  L  If tt.l3S. 


GREESINGS.  Steps.  Latimer.  Still  in  use, 
pronounced  grissms.  There  is  a  flight  ot 
stone  stairs  on  the  hill  at  Lincoln  called  there 
the  Grecian  stairs,  a  strange  corruption. 

GREET.  Rough  stone,  generally  of  a  very  in- 
ferior kind;  a  kind  of  freestone.  It  is  men- 
tioned by  Harrison,  pp.  36,  234,  235. 

GREFES.   Groves  ;  copses. 

Forsoraythely  thay  ruschewith  roselde  speris, 
That  theraskaille  was  rade,  and  rane  to  the  prefers. 

Marts  Arthur^  MS.  Lincoln*  f.  83. 

GREFFB.    Sorrow  ;  anger.    "  Take  no  ,$7V^V 

MS.  Ashmole  61,  f.  61. 
GREG  AL.    Belonging  to  a  flock  ;  familiar.    See 

TopselTs  Beasts,  p.  710. 
GREGORIAN.   A  wig,  or  head  of  false  hair,  of 

a  peculiar  kind,  said  to  have  been  invented  by 

one  Gregory,  a  barber  in  the  Strand,  in  the 

seventeenth  century. 

GREGORIAN-TREE.  The  gallows.  Grose. 
GREGORIES.  A  species  of  narcissus.  West. 
GREGS.  Wide  loose  breeches.  See  Cotgrave, 

in  Y,  Cfiausse,  Grecgues, 


GREGYOWS.    Greeks.    Greats,  Weber. 
There  were  Gregyou<s  many  a  womie* 
Or  he  hytgate,  that  were  alnne. 

MS.  Cantab.  Pf.  ii.  38>  f.  !£», 

GREIA.    Lees  of  wine.   Nominale  MS. 
GREIDE.    Prepared.   (X-£) 

What  art  thou  ?  his  fadir  seide  ; 
Sir  Esau»thi  mete  V*ve  sr*i<f«, 

Cunor  Mvndit  MS.  Coll  Trin.  Cantab,  f.  23 

GRBIDLY.   Well-meaning;  anything  good  in  its 

kind.    North. 
GREIN.    Grsin  of  Paris,  grains  of  Paradise,  a 

sort  of  spice,    (-£-#,)    See  Gy  of  Warwikt*, 

p.  421.    Also  simply  called  greintt. 
G-REINB.   A  year's  produce  of  corn. 
GREITH.    Motion.   Hearne, 
GEEITHE.    See  Graithe;  W.  Manes,  p.  340. 
GREME.    To  irritate  ;  to  provoke  ;  to  grind  the 

teeth  ?  to  curse.    (d.-S.} 
GREMENT.   An  agreement.   Palsgrave. 
GREMTHE.    Anger.    Will  Werw.  p.  75. 
GREN.  A  gin  or  snare.    See  Holinshedt  Chron, 

of  Scotland,  p.  66  j  Depos.  R.   II.  p.  1  {  ; 

Hartshorne's  Met.  T.  p.  122  ;  Bent's  Path- 

way  to  Heaven,  p.  258. 
GRENDE.    Grinned.   Tundale,  p.  55.   Perhaps 

it  may  be  explained  marled, 
GRENE.  (1)  To  roar.  Syr  Gawayne. 
(2)  Sport,  or  play-    Havelok,  906,  left  uncx 

plained  in  glossary. 
GRENEHED.   Childishness.   \A.»S.)   Grenbrt 

greenness,  Reliq.  Antiq.  ii.  84. 
GREOBY.   Foul  ,•  dirty.   North. 
GREOT.    Earth.   Piers  Ploughman,  p.  54  &, 
GREP.  (1)  A  fork.    Nortfamd. 
(2)  Seized  ;  griped.    See  Weber. 

The  liounww  was  ttout  and  stenw, 
A  gen  to  Beve*  she  gan  erne, 
And  be  the  right  leg  be  him  grtf, 
Ase  the  wolf  doth  thewrhep, 

Bfvet  of  Hontoun,  p*  W. 

GRES,    Flower;  plant;   herb;  grass-     Also, 
grease/  Arch.  xxx.  408. 


GRE 


417 


GRI 


Floures  and  girses  therynne  I  fond, 
And  ky  fouttene  therynne  goonde. 

Cursor  Mundi,  MS.  ai'.  Tt  in.  Cantab,  f.  29. 
Son,  if  every  gi-we  were  a  preest, 

That  growes  upon  Goddis  grounde ; 
Off  this  penance  that  thoirme  see&t 
Can  never  make  roe  unbonde. 

MS.  Cantab.  Ff.  v.  48,  f-  68. 

GRE  SCO.    A  game  at  cards.    Jlorio  apparently 

makes  it   synonymous  with   hazard,    in  v. 

Attippo,  Massdre. 

GRESE.   Deer  or  game  in  grass  or  grease-time. 

Ipomydon,  370. 

ORESSES.  The  jesses  of  a  hawk.  See  Mar- 
lowe's "Works,  ii.  38. 

GRESSOP.  A  grasshopper.  It  is  spelt  greshop 
in  Reliq.  Antiq.  ii.  82.  "  Cicada^  a  grysope," 
Nominale  MS. 

GRESYNE.    To  graze.   Prompt.  Part). 
GRET.  (1)  A  snare  for  hares.  Line. 

(2)  Greeted;  accosted.    Gawayne. 

(3)  Great ;  heavy ;  loud.   (J.-S.) 
GRETANDE.   Crying ;  sorrowing.    (J.-S.) 

Dere  lady,  for  the  sorowe  thou  hade  whenne  thi 
sone  was  loste  fra  the  thre  dayes,  a«d  thou  soughte 
hyra  with  gretand«  hert,  preye  thy  sone  to  gyffe  me 
contrycioune  of  alle  my  synnys. 

MS.  Lincoln  A.I.  17,f.l77. 
He  myjt  no  longer  for  sorow  staude, 
But  3edc  home  ful  sore  grctand. 

MS.  HarL  1701,  f.  38. 
Then  kyng  Quore,  sore  gretunde, 
Swere  be  Mahounde  and  Termagaunt. 

MS.  Cantab.  Ff.  ii.  33,  f.  122. 

CRETE.  (1)  To  become  big  with  child.  Gene- 
rally, to  be  enlarged.  Kyng  Alisaunder,  452. 

(2)  Much ;  many.    Weber. 

(3)  To  cry,  or  weep.    North.    Sometimes  used 
for  the  part.  past. 

That  d&mycelle,  that  was  g<>  tnylde,- 
So  sore  had  gret  for  hur  chylde. 

MS.  Cantab.  Ff.  ii.  88,  f.  68. 
"Whan  hehadde  ful  long  greie, 
And  a  party  therof  began  lete. 

MS.  HarL  1701,  f.38. 
And  the  frere  ful  weyl  tharby  lete, 
And  thanked  God,  and  for  joye  he  grete. 

MS,  /Wd.f.69. 

(4)  A  cry.    Still  in  use. 

There  she  fel  in  suche  a  frets, 

That  with  the  tern  she  wesshe  His  fete. 

Cursor  Mundi,  MS,  Coll.  Trin.  Cantab,  f.  87- 

(5J  The  corn.    Tristrem,  p.  269. 
(6)  Great  men;  nobles.    Gawayne. 
GRETH.     Grace ;  favour.   Sir  Cleges,  293, 
GRETINGES.    Great  things/  (^,-£) 
GRETLECH.    Greatly.    Degrevant,  34. 
GRBTTE.    Cried;  addressed.  See  Qrete. 

With  herte  ent«otyf  and  with  hool  memorye, 

Grette  to  God  and  alle  hire  ful  tnynde. 

Lydgate,  MS,  Sac.  Jntiq,  134,  f.  1. 

The  lady  by  the  welle  hur  tett, 

To  Jhecu  Cryste  core  »che  grttt*, 

MS.  Cantab.  Ff.  ii.  38,  f.  84. 

GRKTTELI.LICHB.   Greatly.   WflLWerw. 
GRJBUR.  HaiL   Arch,  xix,  S29. 
GREVE.   To  vex»  or  injure,    (A.~N.) 
GRAVES.  (1)  Armour  for  the  legs.    See  Hall, 
Henry  IV.  f.  12 ;  Tristrem,  p.  374. 


(2)  Griefs.    Hall,  Henry  IV.  f.  20. 

(3)  Groves  ?    Lybeaus  Disconus,  551. 

To  a  cheete  foreste  they  chesene  theire  wayea, 
And  felede  theme  so  feynte  they  falle  in  the  gi  *ve*. 
Mm  te  4>'tfiure,  MS.  Lincoln,  f  7? 

GREW.  (1)  A  greyhound.    North. 

(2)  Greek.    Maundevile,  p.   76.    Nares's  ex- 
planation is  certainly  wrong. 

(3)  To  adhere  firmly.    West. 
GREW-BITCH.    A  greyhound  bitch.    Yorhh. 

Hym  thoujt  that  his  grebychelzy  hym  beayde. 

Chionicon  Vilodtin.  p.  85. 

GREWEND.   Grieving.    Arch.  xxx.  408. 
GREWIN.    A  greyhound.    East.    Harrington 

has  it  grewnd. 

GREWN.    A  nose,  or  snout.  North. 
GREY-BEARD.    A  fine  large  handsome  stone 

jar  or  bottle.    North. 

GREY-BEARDS.    The  seed  of  the  wild  vine. 
GREY-BIRD.    The  thrush.   Devon. 
GREY-COAT-PARSON.    An  impropriator;  the 

tenant  who  hires  the  tithes. 
GREYGOLE.   The  bluebell.  Dorset. 
GREY-HEN.    The  female  of  the  black-cock ;  a 

kind  of  pear ;  a  large  stone  bottle.    North. 
GREY-TJNNET.    The  common  linnet.  North. 
GREY-MARE.     A  wife  who  rules  her  husband. 

Var.  dial 
GREYMIN.    A  light  fall  of  snow,  just  enough  to 

cover  the  ground.     Cumo. 
GREYNE.    To  grow  corn.   (4.-N.) 

And  that  the  londe  began  to  greyne, 
Whiche  whilom  hadde  be  bareyne. 

Cfowe?-,  MS.  Soc.  Antty.  134,  f.  1!B. 

GREY-RUSSET.    Coarse  cloth  of  a  dull  grey 

colour.    See  Forby,  ii.  141. 
GREY-STONES,     Coarse  mill-stones  used  for 

grinding  common  meal.    North. 
GREYTHE.  (1)  Same  as  GraifAe,  q.v. 

(2)  Agreeth ;  suiteth.    SMton. 

(3)  Grace ;  favour.    (4.-S.) 

And  thou  mayst  nat  love  hyra  with  no  yreythe, 
But  thou  have  of  hym  gode  fey  the. 

MS.  Karl.  1701,  f.  68. 

GREYVE.    Greve;  magistrate.    (A.-S.) 

GRID.    To  bite  sharply.    South. 

GRIBBLE.    A  shoot  from  a  tree ;  a  short  cutting 

from  one.   West. 
GRICE.  (1)  Same  as  Grese,  q.v. 
(2)  A  young  cub,  generally  applied  to  the  young 

of  swine.     See  the  Tales  of  the  "Wise  Men  of 

Gotham,  p.  22.    "  Gris, porcel"  Reliq.  Antiq. 

ii.  79.   Cf.  Yorkshire  Dial.  p.  42. 
GRICHE.    To  greet,  or  salute.   (A.-S.} 
GRIDDLE.    A  gridiron.    West.    Also,tobro0. 

See  early  example  in  v.  GredeL 
GRIDE.    Cut ;  pricked.    "  Was  sharply  gride," 

England's  Helicon,  ed.  1614. 
GRIDELIN.   A  sort  of  coloui:  composed  of  white 

and  red.,  Naret, 

GRIEFHJLL.  Melancholy.  Spenser. 
GRIEME.    The  groin.    Florio,  p.  254. 
GRIEVOUS,  Bmigerxras*  Pakgrave. 
GEIP.  A  &eep  valley.  North. 
GRIFE.    To  shed  the  horns,  a  term  formerly 

applied  to  deer. 

27 


GRI 


418 


GRI 


GRIFF.  A  graft.  "  Grafte  or  gryffe  of  a  tree," 
Palsgrave.  Also,  to  graft.  Gryffar,  a  grafter, 
Pr.  Parv.  p.  259. 

Thetlrye  hecalde  erthe  that  kyng, 
And  bad  hit  p-ifynq  fruyt  forth  bryng. 

MS.  Coll.  Trin.  Cantab.  H.  ili.  8,  f.  3, 

GRIFF-GRAFF.  By  any  means ;  by  hook  or  by 
crook.  Skinner, 

GRIFFOUNS.   Greeks.   Welter. 

GRIFFUS.   Greaves ;  leg-armour.  Arch,  xvii. 

GAIFHOUNDES.    Greyhounds.  TFe&er. 

GRIFT.    Slate  pencil.    Var.diaL 

GRIG.  (1)  Heath.    Salop.  Sometimes  griglan. 

What  advantages  then  might  bee  made  of  some 
great  mosses  in  Lancabhire  and  elsewhere,  that  lye 
near  to  coal  and  limestone,  and  therefore  might  well 
be  spared  without  making  fuell  dear,  and  improved 
at  a  very  small  charge,  and  for  the  present  yield 
little  or  no  profit,  save  some  gi'igf;  or  he^th  for  sheep. 
Aubrey's  Wilts,  MS.  Rwrtfyc.  p.  304. 

(2)  A  cricket,     far.  dial. 

(3)  A  small  eel.   Suffolk. 

(4)  A  farthing.  An  old  cant  term. 

(5)  To  pinch.  Somerset. 

(6)  A  wag.    "  As  merry  as  a  grig."   It  is  a  cor- 
ruption of  Greek,  q.  v*    "  A  merry  grig,  un 
plaisant  compagnon,"  Miege. 

(7)  A  short-legged  hen.    far. dial. 

GRIGGLES.  Small  apples.  In  some  cyder  coun- 
ties, boys  who  collect  these  after  the  prin- 
cipal ones  are  gathered,  call  it  griggUng. 

GRIGINGE.    Dawn ;  opening ;  twilight. 
Thare  unbrydilles  thels  bolde,  and  bayte*  theire  horses, 
To  the  grygytoge  of  the  daye,  that  byrdes  gane  synge. 

Morte  Arthurs,  MS.  Lincoln,  f.  80. 
GRIHT.  Peace.   Rttsan. 
GRIKE.  A  rut ;  a  crevice.   North. 
GRILICH.  Hideous.  "  Fulle  grylych  he  iukez," 

MS.  Morte  Arthure,  f.  65. 
GRILL.  To  snarl,  or  snap.  East. 
GRILLE.  (1)  Stern;  cruel;  horrible ;  frightful ; 
hideous.    See  Lybeaus  Disconus,  IS 75 ;  Skel- 
ton,  i.  95 ;  Amis  and  Amiloun,  C57. 
That  schall  jow  lyke  non  of  tho, 
Bot  make  ^our  hertys  g>  i/ll, 

MS.Ashmoleei>  f.65. 
Y  shal  have  sum  gorte  at  hym, 
Be  he  never  so  gryi  ue  grym, 

ATS.  Ha)  1. 1701,  f  37 
But  he  was  man-Id  qf  his  wilhj, 
Ful  sone  he  found  yt  full  grylle. ' 

MS.  Laud.  416,  f.  111). 

Sa  awefulle  thare-to  thou  salle  God  see,  that  thmi 
•3,11?  be  so,fer<te  owt  of  thl  tfytte,  and  to  the  mouu- 
taynes  and  hilUs  thou  salle  luke  and  crye  with  a 
gtylte  voyce.  MS.  Lincoln  A.  i.  17.  f  242. 

(2)  Sharp ;  cutting ;  severe.  "  Woundis  grylle," 
A.rch.  xxs.  350,  1.  32.  See  W.  Mapes,  pp. 
334,  344. 

With  a  spere  icharpe  and  gi-ilte 
My  hert  wai  woundit  with  my  wille. 

MS,  Cantab  Ff.  v.  4§3  f.  4S. 
Wyth  a  spere  scharpp,  that  was  f uL.  gryUe, 
Myn  herte  was  persycl ;  hyt  was  my  wylle. 

MS.  Cwitub.  Ft',  ii.  38,  f.  6. 
^3)  Guile ;  deceit. 

Ther  come  never  man  in  thys  hylle, 
Thorow  qweyntes  nor  thoro  N  &  ylte. 

MS.  Cantab.  I  f.  ii.  38,  f.  222, 


(4)  To  shake,  or  tremble,  especially  with  fear. 
See  Chester  Plays,  i.  70. 

Gle  ne  game  ly  kes  hym  nought, 
So  gretly  he  gaiie#/#to>. 

MS.  sttfimole  01,  f.  29. 

(5)  To  torment,  orteaze;  to  provoke. 

If  you  love  a  wenche  wcl,  eyther  lotide  and  stillo, 
Bestkr  wcl,  butyef  hir  iioute ;  grant  hir  al  hir  wcUe; 
Be  thou  noht  so  hardy  hir  onis  to  gnlle. 

MS.  Arttnd.  Coll.  Arm.  27,  f.  133. 

(6)  Harm.   Erie  of  Tolous,  279. 

(7)  A  kind  of  small  fish.  Blount. 
GRIM.  (T)  To  grin.    Palsgrave. 

(2)  Fury.  Ywaine  and  Gawin,  1G6L  Left  UP,. 
explained  by  Ritson. 

GRIMALKIN.    A  cat.    Par.  dial 

GRIMBLE.    To  begrime.     East. 

GRIMGRIBBER.  A  lawyer.  AUo,  the  tech- 
nical jargon  used  by  a  lawyer. 

GRIMING.    A  sprinkling.    North. 

GRIMMER.    A  large  pond.    Zaxt. 

GRIMP.  See  St.  Brandan,  p.  20,  where  grymp 
may  be  an  error  for  gryp, 

GRIM-SIR.  A  phrase  applied  to  a  proud  person 
in  any  superior  oiKce.  Skelton  terms  \Volsoy 
a  grim  sir.  See  Grom  (2), 

GRIM-THE-COLLIER.  Golden  mouse-car.  Sec 
Gerard,  ed.  Johnson,  p,  305. 

GRIN,  Same  as  Gren,  q.  v.  To  grin  and  abide, 
i.  e.  to  endure  patiently. 

GRINCH.    A  small  morsel.    West, 

GRINCOMES.  The  toten^mr.  An  old  cant 
term.  Webster,  iii.  154. 

GRINBJB.     To  pierce  through.    Lydgate. 

GRINDEL.    Wrath;  fierce.     Gawayw. 

GRINDER.  To  take  a  yrinder  is  to  apply  the 
left  thumb  to  the  tip  of  the  no.sc,  and  revolve 
the  right  hand  round  it,  working  an  ima- 
ginary coffee-milL  It  is  usually  done  in  cun- 
tempt.  See  Pickvick  Papers,  p.  318. 

GRINDLE.    A  small  drain.    Suffolk 

GRINDLE-COtvE.  A  worn-dowu  grindhtonc, 
sometimes  used  aa  a  stool  in  the  cottages  of 
the  poor.  North. 

GRINDLE-STONE.  A  grindstone.  A^r/A.  $«'<; 
Cotgrave,  in  v.  Cimoliff  Book  of  Katc^,  p.  50. 
Gryndylstons,  Reliq.  Antiq.  i,  81.  «'  ^/tr/a,  x 
grynstone,"  MS.  Egerton  829,  f.  65. 

GR1NDLET.    A  drain,  or  ditch.     AW/A. 

GRINDLE-TAIL.    A  truadletoil  dog. 

GRINING.  TUfi  growling,  or  firht  approach  of 
an  ague  fit.  (#«&&. 

GRINT.     Grit,      East.     Chaucer  lu*» 
ground,  gnashed  with  the  teeth. 

GRIP.  (1)  A  drain,  or  ditch.     J'ar.  dial.     Also, 
any  kind  of  sink. 
^  To  bind  sheaves.     #>*/. 
)  Strength ;  power  of  griping.    Abo,  to  gripf 
fast.    S>'<!  Kobin  IItM)d,  i  U)6  ;  Moite  d* Ar- 
thur, L  166. 

GRIPE.  (1)  A  vulture?  sometime,  a  #rirfln,  S*-ts 
Arch.  v.  387 ;  Eglanaour,  84 1,  H51,  H;O,  1010, 
1030,  1035  j  MaU>nef8  Shakespotre,  xx.  137, 

The  &rip«  al&obishttf  th«  bcrv, 
No  bceit  wold«  to  ot here  d ere. 

QuvterMw^m.  Coll.  TVfu.  ft******  f.S 


GUI 


419 


GRO 


That  gredy  Gerarde  as  &giipe, 
Now  hiswrongis  bigonne  to  ripe. 

Cursor  Mundi,  MS.  Ibid,  f.7.1. 
A  fpype  come  in  alle  hur  care, 
Hur  >onge  sone  awey  he  bare. 

JUS.  Cantab.  Ff.  ii.  38,  f.  G8. 

!A  three-pronged  dung-fork.     North. 
To  seize ;  to  embrace.     (A.~S,) 
And  holde  him  stille  with  alle  his  besy  payne, 
And  grype  hem  faste  with  his  hondis  tweyne. 

MS.  Cantab.  Ff.  Ii.  38,  f.  19. 

(4)  A  kind  of  small  boat.    Kennett. 

(5)  A  handful  of  anything.  "  A  gripe  of  corne  in 
reaping,  or  so  much  hay  or  eorne  as  one  with 
a  pitchforke  or^hooke  can  take  up  at  a  time," 
Baret,  1580.    See  Grip  (2). 

GRIPER.    An  instrument  of  torture,  mentioned 

by  Florio,  p.  89. 
GRIPE'S-EGG.    An  alchemical  vessel  in  form 

of  a  vulture's  egg.     Jonson,  iv.  61. 
GRIPING-LINE.     A  line  to  direct  the  spade  in 

cutting  grips.     West. 
GRIPLE.  To  grasp.  "  Well  griple  in  his  hand," 

Topseli's  Beasts,  p.  213. 
GRIPPEL.    Same  as  Grip,  q.  v, 
GR1PPEN.    A  clenched  hand.    North. 
GRIPPLE.    Greedy;  rapacious.    See  Rowlands' 

Knave  of  Clubbs,  1611.   Brockett  }&&grippy. 
GRIP- YARD.    A  seat  of  green  turf,  supported 

by  twisted  boughs.     Forth. 
GRIS.  (1)  Pigs.    See  Grice.    Not  obsolete,  as 

stated  in  Pr.  Parv.  p.  211.     See  \Vest.  and 

Cuinb.  Dial.  p.  356. 

W>  th  pry*,  and  gees,  and  capouns, 
Wych  venezon  and  wyth  oyle. 

MS-  Aohmole  33,  f.  35. 

(2)  A  costly  fur,  formerly  much  esteemed.  See 
Ellis,  ii.  15 ;  Gy  of  Warwike,  p.  421 ;  Strutt, 
ii.  102;  Tyrwhitt,  iv.  146. 

With  ryche  robys  of  grete  prys, 
Furryd  wele  wyth  vcrre  and  gry*. 

MS.  Cantab.  Ff.ii.  39,  f.155. 
Gye  dud  hyra  bathe  full  well, 
And  clothyd  hyra  newe  every  dell 
"With  ryche  robysof  verre  and  grys. 

Gtty  of  Warwick t  Cambridge  MS. 

GRISAKD.    Grey,    See  Topsell,  p.  34. 
GRISBET.    To  make  a  wry  face.     Somerset. 
GRISELY.    Frightful ;  ugly.    Yorksh.*   It  is  a 

common,  archaism. 
GRISLED.    Grisly ;  frightful     Grtelich  occurs 

in  Weber.    (./*.-£) 
GRISLY.    Speckled,     Yorfah. 
GRISPING.     Same  as  Griginge,  q.  v. 
GRISSE.  A  grass,  or  herb. 

Tak  at  the  bygynnyng  and  anoynte  the  hole  with 

bony,  and  thane  take  the  powdir  of  a  gri&te,  that 

mene  callis  woderofe,  and  do  therco. 

MS.  Una.  Med,  t.  205, 

GRISSEL.    Grisly.    Du  Bartas,  p.  127. 

GRIST.    To  gnash  the  teeth.     Wilts. 

GRIT.  (1)  The  set-crab.    Unc. 

(2)  To  squeak  or  grant. 

GRITH.    Grace ;  protection.    (A.-S.) 

The  otherc  aungete  that  fel  him  with. 

Which*  forsuke  Goddes  yrtih. 

Cursor  Mtmdi,  MS.  Coll.  Trin.  Can  fab.  f,  4, 


I  gaf  hem  grith,  geid  oure  kyng, 
Thorow  out  alle  mery  Jnglond. 

MS.  Cantab.  Ff.  v.  48,  f.  138, 
And  gif  thou  have  do  any  trespas, 
Falle  on  knees  and  aske  grace, 
And  he  wille  gif  the^-ito. 

MS.  Ibid  f.55. 

Thou  purchasest  us  pes  atid  grvtht 
So  seyth  to  us  the  prophete  Davyd. 

MS.HaiL  1701,  f.80. 
And  that  y  may  wynde  hur  with, 
Into  my  centre  yn  pees  and  grythe. 

MS.  Cantab.  Ff.  ii.  38,  f.  143. 

GRIZBITE.    To  gnash  the  teeth.     Glouc. 
GRIZLE.   A  darkish  grey.    Devon. 
GRIZZLE.    To  laugh,  or  grin.    West.    Also  to 

complain  much  or  grumble. 
GRIZZLE-DEMUNDY.   A  stupid  fellow  always 

grinning.    Devon.    "  That  laughs  at  her  own 

folly  which  she  mistakes  for  wit/'  Dean  Milles' 

MS.  Glossary,  penes  me. 
GRO.    A  kind  of  rich  fur.    See  Wright's  Lyric 

Poetry,  p.  26. 
GROAN.    Among  hunters,  the  noise  made  by  a 

buck  at  rutting-time.    See  Gent.  Rec.  ii.  76. 
GROANDE.     Growing.    Lydgate. 

She  led  hym  into  a  fayre  herbere, 
Ther  frute  groande  was  gret  plente*. 

MS.  Cantab.  Ff.  v.  48,  f.  1 18. 

GROANING.  A  lying-in.  The  terms  groaning- 
cake,  groaning-chair,  and  groaning- cheese y 
explain  themselves  as  provided  for  an  event  of 
that  kind.  In  MS.  Ashrnole  36,  37,  f.  232,  is 
a  piece  called  a  "  Prep aiation  for  Groaning." 

GROAT.  It  is  not  worth  a  groat,  i.  e.  of  vety 
small  value.  Groat  may  here  be  put  for  groot, 
a  very  small  Dutch  coin. 

GROATS.   Shelled  oats,    Var.  dial 

GROB.    To  seek  for.    Line. 

GROBBLE.  (1)  To  loiter.    Line. 

(2)  To  grovel ;  to  poke  about.  Also,  to  make 
holes.  North. 

GROBIAN.    A  sloven.    Miege. 

GROB  MAN.  A  sea-bream  about  two  thirds 
grown.  Cornw. 

GROCER.  Originally  meant  a  wholesale  mer- 
chant who  speculated  in  various  things  at 
markets  and  fairs. 

GROCHE.  To  murmur ;  to  grumble.  Hence, 
grocher,  a  grumbler.  "  Murmwrator,  a  gro- 
cher,"  Nominale  MS. 

GROCK.    A  very  small  child.    Line. 

GRODE.    To  devastate.    (A.-S.} 

GROFE.    Digged.     Baber. 

GROFEN.   Grown.    Towneley  Myst.  p.  65. 

GROFFE.    On  the  groffe,  flat  on  the 

Groflynges,   Towneley  Myst.  p.  40.    To  lie 
grubblings,  i.  e.  with  the  face  downwards, 
Forby,  ii.  143. 
Than  Gawayne  gyrde  to  the  gome*  and  on*  the  grotfe 

fallis, 

AUe*  his  grefe  wafl  graytbede,  his  grace  was  no  betty te, 
M&rte  Artfmre,  MS.  Lincoln,  f.  03. 

GUOFT.   Growtli  ?  produce.  East. 

GROFTS.   4  kind  of  stone  for  building  men- 

tkraedin  Arcfcux.  71. 
GROG.  Angry;  excited.  Line. 


GRO 


420 


GRO 


GROGRAIN.   A  coarse  kind  of  silk  taffety,  usu- 
ally stiffened  with  gum.    See  Bonk  of  Rates, 
p.  *52 ;  Harrison's  England,  p.  221 ;  grogeran, 
Cotgrave,in  v.  Baragant. 
GROGfNGE.    Grumbling ;  murmuring. 
To  tempre  his  byddynge  to  obey, 
Witlioutten  grogyxge  or  rebelion. 

Lydgate,  MS.  Jshmolfi  39,  f.  50. 

CROINE.  (1)  A  nose,  or  snout.  North.  Chaucer 
applies  it  to  the  snout  of  a  pig.  Also,  to  grunt 
as  a  pig,  according  to  Kennett. 

( 2)  To  cut  grass.    Yorksh. 

(3)  A  hanging  lip.    Hence,  to  grumble;  to  be 
discontented.    (^.-AT.)     "  A  fro-ward  look," 
Skinner. 

GROING-TIME.    The  spring.  Worth. 

GROLLENG.  Wallowing  of  the  stomach.  Bat- 
man uppon  Bartholome,  1582. 

GROM.  (1)  A  forked  stick  used  by  thatchers  for 
carrying  bundles  of  straw.  West 

(2)  Dirty,  Also,  to  soil  or  make  dirty.  Sussex. 
Perhaps  we  should  read  jm'rn  sir  in  the  follow- 
ing passage.  See  Grim-Sir. 

He  was  made  a  minister,  and  soe  withalle  became 
a  scolmaster  and  teacher  of  children.  He  was  a 
man  of  sora  fifty  years,  mean  of  stature,  and  a  black 
from  bir.  XS.  Ashtnole  208- 

GROMALY.    The  herb  gromwell. 

GROME.  A  man.  SeeChron.  Vilodun.p.  111. 
Hence  our  modern  groom. 

CrROMER.    A  boy,  or  young  grome,  q.  v. 

GROMYL.  The  plant  gromwell.  See  MS.  Sloane 
5,  f.  9 ;  Wright's  Lyric  Poetry,  p.  27. 

GRON.    Ground,  as  corn  is.     West. 

GRONDEN.    Ground ;  beaten ;  pounded. 

GRONDESWYLE.    The  plant  groundsel. 

GRONDY.    A  grandmother.    Cumb. 

GRONE.  To  groan ;  to  grunt.  (A.-N.)  Gronne, 
grunting,  Octovian,  12.  See  Reliq.  Antiq.  ii. 
80.  Grant,  groaned. 

GRONY.    Grumbling.  Pr.Parv, 

GROOM-GRUBBER,  An  officer  in  the  royal 
household  whose  duty  it  was  to  see  that  the 
barrels  brought  into  the  cellar  were  tight  and 
full,  and  to  draw  out  the  lees  from  casks  that 
were  nearly  empty. 

GROOM-PORTER.  Anofficer  of  the  royal  house- 
hold whose  business  it  was  to  see  the  king's 
lodging  furnished  with  tables,  chairs,  stools, 
and  firing  •,  as  also  to  provide  cards,  dice,  &c. 
and  to  decide  disputes  arising  at  games.  For- 
merly he  was  allowed  to  keep  an  open  gambling 
table  at  Christmas.  Nares,  in  v.  Loaded  dice 
were  also  sometimes  called  groom-porters. 

GROON.    See  Grone,  and  Groins. 

GROOP.  A  pen  for  cattle.  Also,  the  place  in  a 
stable  where  the  cows  or  horses  dung.  North. 

GROOT.    Dry  mud.    Devon. 

GROOT-KISE.  A  ridge  of  eaith,  in  ploughed 
land.  Bean  Milles  MS. 

GROOVE.  A  mine,  or  shaft.  North.  "Robert 
Rutter  was  hurt  in  a  groove,"  Chron.  Mirab. 
p.  81.  Perhaps,  however,  the  word  here 
means  a  hole  from  which  the  mineral  has  been 
taken.  See  Kennett. 

GROOVERS.    Miners.    North. 


GROOVES.  The  turnings  \\ithin  the  hole  of  a 
screw-plate,  and  the  like  hollows  in  a  screw- 
pin,  are  called  the  groo\  es.  North. 

GROPING.  (1)  A  mode  of  ascertaining  whether 
geese  or  fowls  ha\e  eggs.  Far.  dial. 

(2)  A  mode  of  catching  trout  by  tickling  them 
with  the  hands  under  rocks  or  banks.  Meas. 
for  Meas.  i.  2. 

GROPING-IRON.    A  gouge. 

The  gropinff-ire»  than  spaUe  ht*, 
Compas,  who  hath  grevyd  the  ? 


GROPYS.    Chaff  of  corn.    Pr.  Parv. 
GROS.    Feared  ;  dreaded.    Glossed  dred. 
The  Jew  tho  asswythe  aros, 
Hytwasno  wundyr  thoj  h)m  prat 

J/.V.  ll'iri.  1701,  f  52 

GROSE-llEE,    A  hut  for  geese.   AbrM. 
GROSERS.    Gooseberries.    North. 
GROSH.   Gross  ;  fat  ;  thriving.     >orA»A. 
GROSS.  (1)  Thick  soft  food,  such  as  porridge. 
&c.    Devon. 

(2)  Dull  ;  stupid.    Palsgrave. 

(3)  A  hawk  was  said  to  fly  gross,  when  afiei 
large  birds.    See  Howell. 

GROSSET.    A  groat.    Nominate  MS. 
GROSSOLITIS.    Chrysolites.   Stelfon. 
GROSS-UP.  To  engross  up  ;  to  buy  up  all  the 

market.    See  Pr.  Parv.  p.  214  ;  Kynge  Johan> 

p,  3,  compared  with  Mark,  xiu  40, 
GR.OST.    The  star-thistle.     It  is  wrongly  ex- 

plained in.  Arch.  xxx.  408. 
GROSVAIR.    A  kind  of  fur.     Strut*,  ii.  102. 
GROTINBE,    Weeping.    (^.~£) 
GROTONE.    To  stuff,  or  surfeit.    Pr.  Pare. 
GROTJDGE.    "  I  groudge  as  one  <loth<i  that  hath 

a  groudgyngof  the  tx.e&tjpfritowif"  Palsgrave. 
GROULING.   The  first  approach  of  an  ague  fit. 

Kennett,  MS.  Lansd.  1033. 
GROUN.   A  greyhound.   Salop. 
GROUND.  (Ij  An  old  musical  term  for  an  air  on 

which  variations   and  divisions  were  to/  be 

made.    Nares. 

(2)  The  pit  of  a  theatre  was  formerly  so  calfocl 
It  was  without  benches,  and  on  a  level  with 
the  stage.   See  Jonson**  Bartlt.  Fair. 

(3)  To  go  to  ground,  i.  c.   alvum  exoncrare. 
Gone  to  the  ground,  i.  6.  buried. 

(4)  A  field,  or  farm.  Also,  a  plantation  of  wil- 
lows, &c.    West. 

(5)  The  bottom  or  foundation  of  anything.    SM 
MS.  Cott.  Vespas.  D.  vii. 

GROUND-ASH.   An  ash-sapling  of  a  few  years' 

growth.     Var,  dial. 
GROUND-BAIT.    Theloche.   North. 
GROUND-CAR,    A  sledge.    nre*L 
GROUN  D-t>ICE.    Blunt-cornered  dice. 
GROUNDE.    To  grant.    Arch.xxi.72, 
GROUND-ELDER,   Dwarf-elder.    Swth. 
GROUND-EVIL.    The  shepherd'*  needJe,  a 

plant  mentioned  by  Gerawt 
GROUND-FIRING.    Ttoots  of  tree*  and  ta&a* 

given  to  labourers  for  fuel. 
GROUND-GUDGEON,  A  small  foh,  according 

to  Forby,  the  cobitte  farfatkto,  Linn. 
GROUND-HALE.   The  herb  gromwdi 


GRO 


421 


GRU 


GROUND-ISAAC.    The  yellow  wren.    Went. 

GROUNDLIER.  More  profoundly.  Grouvdely. 
State  Papers,  i.  62. 

GROUNDLING.  A  person  who  stood  on  the 
ground  or  pit  of  a  theatre.  Generally,  in  con- 
tempt. Jonson. 

GROUND-NEEDLE.  A  plant,  called  the  Muslced 
Stores  Bill  in  Gerard,  p.  796. 

GROUND-RAIN.  A  plentiful  but  gradual  fall 
of  rain,  which  works  its  way  deep  into  the 
ground.  East. 

GROUNDS.    Lees  ;  sediment.     Var.  dial. 

GROUND-SILL.  The  threshold  of  a  door.  See 
Harrison's  England,  p.  187. 

GROUND-SOP.  A  sop  or  sippet  by  which  the 
lees  or  dregs  may  be  soaked  up.  See  Prompt. 
Parv.  p.  216. 

GROUND-SWEAT.  A  person  some  time  buried 
is  said  to  have  taken  a  ground-sweat.  East. 

GROUND-TABLE.    Same  as  Earth-table,  q.  v. 

CROUPE.  To  sculpture  or  engrave  with  a  fine 
gouge.  Lydgate. 

GROUPPADE.  Explained  by  Skinner,  "  a  kind 
[of]  curvet  in  horsmanship." 

GROUSOME.    Loathsome  ;  fearful.    Cumb. 

GROUT.  (1)  Ground  malt.  Ray  explains  it, 
wort  of  the  last  running,  and  Pegge  adds  that 
this  is  drunk  only  by  poor  people,  who  are  on 
that  account  called  (/routers.  Kennett  says, 
"  In  Leicestershire,  the  liquor  with  malt  in- 
fused for  ale  or  beer,  before  it  is  fully  boiled, 
is  called  grout,  and  before  it  is  tunned  up  in 
the  vessel  is  called  wort.  They  have  in  the 
west  a  thick  sort  of  fat  ale  which  they  call 
grout-ale."  The  grout-ale  is  sweet  and  medi- 
cated with  eggs.  In  Dean  Milles  MS.  Glos- 
sary, p.  136,  in  my  possession,  is  given  the 
best  account  of  grout-ale,  —  "  a  kind  of  ale 
different  from  white  ale,  known  only  to  the 
people  about  Newton  Bussel  who  keep  the 
method  of  preparing  it  as  a  secret  ;  it  is  of  a 
brownish  colour.  However,  I  am  informed 
by  a  physician,  a  native  of  that  place,  that  the 
preparation  is  made  of  malt  almost  burnt  in 
an  iron  pot,  mixed  with  some  of  the  barm 
*hich  rises  on  the  first  working  in  the  keeve, 
a  small  quantity  of  which  invigorates  the 
whole  mass,  and  makes  it  very  heady." 

(  2)  A  masonic  process  of  filling  up  the  interstices 
between  bricks  or  stones,  by  pouring  fluid  mor- 
tar, which  is  the  grout,  over  each  course  or 
two  to  saturation.  Hence  jocularly  applied  to 
one  who  may  happen  to  take  anything  fluid 
late  in  a  meal  Var.  awl 

(3)  To  bore  with  the  snout,  or  dig  up  like  a  hog. 
Yorhh. 

GROUTED,    Begrimed.     Var.  dial. 

GROUT-HEADED.  Stupidly  noisy.  Sussex. 
Also,  large  or  great-headed,  stupid, 

GROUTS.  Dregs;  lees.  Var.  MaL  Thick 
muddy  liquor  is  grouty. 

GRQUZE.    To  eat  ;  to  devour.  Unc. 


E.  (*)  To  dig.    North.    We 
dug,  in  MS.  Cott.  Vespas.  D.  vii. 
dug,  Craven  Dial. 


(2)  A  ditch,  or  drain.    Line. 

(3)  A  deep  pit  sunk  into  the  ground  to  search 
for  minerals.    North. 

GROYED.    Grew.    See  Towneley  Myst.  p.  12  ; 

Ywaine  and  Gawin,  354. 
GROVE-WOOD.     Small  timber  for  the  use  of 

mines  to  support  the  roof  or  sides.    North. 
GROW.  (1)  To  be  troubled.    North.   Also,  to 

murmur,  to  repine,  to  be  sulky.     Groicht, 

Emare,  669. 

(2)  To  cultivate  anything,     far.  dial.    To  grow 
downward,  i.  e.  to  get  smaller,  a  common 
phrase  in  the  provinces. 

(3)  To  be  aguish.    Hants. 
GROWBLAR.    A  digger.    Prompt.  Parv. 
GROWER.    A  cultivator.     Var.  dial   See  Ord. 

and  Reg.  p.  234. 

GROWING.  (1)  A  growing  day,  i.  e.  a  day  that 
will  make  plants  grow  well.  Var.  dial 

(2)  The  hot  fit  of  an  ague.    North. 

GROWME.  An  engine  to  stretch  woollen  cloth 
with  after  it  is  woven, 

GROWN.  Said  of  milk  when  burnt  at  the  bot- 
tom of  the  pot.  Line. 

GROWNDENE.    Ground ;  sharpened. 

Alle  gletcrande  In  golcle  appone  grete  stedes, 

Towarde  the  grene  worte,  that  with  gioivndene  wap'  nr>. 
Mcrte  Arthure,  MS.  Lincoln,  f.  07. 

GROWNDER.     Founder.    Tundale,  p.  146. 

GROWNDISWELIE.  Groundsel.  Grundmrilic> 
Reliq.  Antiq.  i.  37. 

GROWNDYNE.    Bellowing.    Isumhras,  453. 

GROW  SOME.  Genial,  generally  applied  to  *,he 
weather.  Line. 

GROWTH-HALFPENNY.  A  rate  so  called  and 
paid  in  some  places  for  the  tithe  of  every  fat 
animal.  See  Jacob,  in  v. 
ROWTNOUL.  A  blockhead.  Wo  have  al- 
ready had  grout-headed.  "  Growte-uowle, 
come  to  the  king,"  Promos  and  Cassandra,  p. 
81.  Strange  that  Nares  should  have  thought 
this  common  word  peculiar  to  Dekker. 

GROWZE.    To  be  chill  before  the  beginning  of 
an  ague-fit.    North. 
ROY.    Old;  grey-headed.  Line. 

GROYNE.  To  lament;  to  groan.  Groyning, 
discontent,  grunting.  Chaucer. 

GROYNEDEN.    Grinned.    Wickliffe. 
IROZEN.    A  grove.    Somerset. 
ROZENS.    The  weed  duck's  meat.    West. 
ROZET-EYES.    Goggle-eyes.    South. 
iRU.    Greek.    Warton,  i.  74. 
\ R  U B ,  ( 1 )  Food ;  victuals.     Var.  dial. 

(2)  To  grumble.    To  ride  grub,  i.  e.  to  be  sulky. 
The  grubs  bite  him  hard,  i.  e.  he  is  sulky. 
East, 

(3)  A  little  dirty  animal,  applied  also  to  a  child. 
Suffolk. 

(4)  Idle,  stupid  talk,    Norf. 
GRUB-AXE.    A  routing-axe.    Hants.    Called 

grubber  in  Borio,  p.  39. 
GR0BBLE,    To  grw  about.    Coles. 
GRUBBY.    Poor;  shrunken;  stunted.     Also, 

testy,  peevish.    Went. 
GRUBE.  (1)  A  ditch,  or  drain.    Norf. 


GfiW 


422 


GUB 


(2)  Among  cockfighters,  to  cut  the  feathers  under 
the  wings  of  a  cock. 

GRUB-BELLING.  -Mling  trees  by  cutting  away 
aH  their  roots.  East,  Also  called  grub-stub- 
bing in  Suffolk. 

GRUBLING-IHON.    A  gouge.    Palsgrave. 

GRUCCHANDE.    Grumbling ;  murmuring. 

Thane  grevyde  syr  Gawayne  at  his  grett  wordes, 
Graythes  towarde  the  gome  with  gruwhwde  herte. 
Moite  Ji'thure,  MS.  Lincoln,  f.  G7. 

GRUCHER.  A  kind  of  hawk,  mentioned  in  MS. 
Addit.  11579,  f.  98. 

GRUDGING.  A  feeling,  or  inclination.  A 
grudging  of  an  ague,i.e.  a  symptom,  Beaumont 
and  Flet.  vi.  34  ;  Dr.  Dee's  Diary,  p.  28. 

GRUDGINGS.    Pollard ;  fine  bran.    North. 

GRUE.  To  pain,  or  grieve.    Line. 

GRUEL.    Same  as  Grudgings,  q.  v. 

GRUFF.  A  mine.  Somerset.  Hence  gruffer, 
a  miner.  See  Jennings,  p.  41. 

GRUFFLE.    To  growl.    Suffolk. 

GRUFTED.    Dirtied;  begrimed.    Line. 

GRUGGE.    To  grumble.    Cov.  Myst.  p.  228 

GRUM.  Angry ;  surly.  "  And  so  grum,"  Cot- 
ton's Works,  ed.  1734,  p.  155. 

GRUMBLE-GUTS.  A  grumbling  discontented 
person.  Var.  dial. 

GRUMMEL.    Gronrwell.   Reliq.  Antiq.  i.  52. 

GRUMMUT.    An  ignorant  person.    South. 

GRUMPH.    To  growl,  or  grumble.    North. 

GRUMPHEY.  A  species  of  jostling  among 
schoolboys,  in  endeavouring  to  hide  anything 
which  one  takes  from  another.  North. 

GRUMPY.    Sulky ;  surly.     Var.  dial. 

GRUMSEL.    The  dandelion.  Devon. 

GRUN.  (1)  Ground,    Var.  dial. 

(2)  The  upper  lip  of  a  beast.   North. 

GRUNDLIKE.    Heartily ;  deeply. 

GRUNDWALLE.    A  foundation, 

Bot  for-thi  that  na  were  may  stand, 
Witouten  grundwalle  to  be  lastand. 

MS.  Cott.  Fespas.  A.  iii.  f.  3. 

GRUNDYNE.  Ground;  sharpened.  "With 
grundyne  wapynes,"  MS.  Morte  Arthure,  f,  68. 

GRUNNLESTONE.   A  grindstone.   North. 

GRUNNY.    The  snout  of  a  hog.  East. 

GRUNSH.    To  scrunch.   Salop. 

GRUNT.    To  try,  or  endeavour.    West. 

GRUNTER.    A  pig,  or  hog.    Var.  dial. 

GRUNTING-CHEAT.  A  pig.  An  old  cant 
term,  given  by  Dekker. 

GRUNTLE.  (1)  A  muzzle.    North. 

(2)  To  be  sulky.   "  To  powt,  lowre,  gruntk,  or 

grow  sullen,"  Cotgrave. 
'  GRUNTLING.   A  pig. 

But  come,  my  gruntling,  when  thou  art  full  fed, 
Forth  to  the  butchers  stall  thou  must  be  led. 

4B<x>Tcfor  Boys  and  Girls,  1686,  p.  32. 

GRUP.    A  trench ;  a  groop,  q.  v.  last. 

GRUSLE.     Gristle,     Weber. 

GRUT.    Grit,  or  gravel.    Medulla  MS.   Still  in 

use  in  Devon. 
CRUTCH.    To  grudge.    Also,  to  grumble.  See 

Baker's  Poems,  1697,  p.  78. 
G  R WE  LL.   Gruel ;  any  kind  of  pappy  food.   See 

Reliq.  Antiq.  i,  81. 


GRY.    To  have   a  slight  attack  of  the   agua. 

North. 

GRYDERN.    A  gridiron.    Pegge,  p.  98. 
GRYED.    Trembled;  was  agitated.    Gawayne. 
GRYFE,    To  grieve.    Hainpolc  MS. 
GRYFFE.     The  herb  dragon-wort. 
GRYLE.   Horribly.    See  Grille. 
GRYNGEN,    Grind.    Kyng  Alls.  4443. 
GRYNNIES.    Snares;  gins.  Apol  Loll. 
GRYNSTONE.    A  grindstone.   Pr.  Pan. 
GRYNSTYNG.    Gnashing ;  grinding.    Baler. 
GRYPPES.    Snatches ;  seizes. 

He  gryppes  hym  a  grcte  spore,  mkt  graythcly  hynte 
hittcz 

Thurghe  the  guttez  into  the  gorre  he  gyr<le»  hyme 
ewyne.  3/orfe  j4rth»ret  MS.  Unevtn,  f.  68* 

GRYSE.  (1)  Grass.  Somerset. 

Some  als  grj/se  and  treez  that  mene  »«e  spryngr, 
Has  beyng  and  Iifyng,  bot  na  felyng, 

JUS.  Lincoln  A,  i.  17,  f-  189. 
(2)  To  be  frightened  or  terrified. 

Whon  the  comuyne*  bijan  to  ry«e, 
Was  non  so  gret  lord,  a*  1  geae£» 
That  thei  in  herto  bijon  to^/^w, 
And  Iciiie  her  jolyt<5  in  prvsse. 

MS,  PV«y»,  Btxtt*  Lib. 
GUYTHGIDB.   Troubled ;  vexed. 

Thane  syr  Gawayne  wa*  grevede,  and  grytftgide  full* 

sore» 
With  Galuthehlsgutfeswente  grymlye  hestrykw. 

MurteJi'thv,:'*,  MS.  Linoiin,  f.  80* 

GRYZE.  To  squeeze,  or  rub.  Also,  to  wear  or 
annoy.  Heref.  To  grind  between  the  teeth. 
Glove.  Dean  Milles*  MS. 

GUAGE.    To  engage.    Pateffravp. 

GUANO.  The  dung  of  sea-fowl,  found  in  large 
quantities  on  some  islands  on  the  coast  of 
Africa,  and  introduced  into  this  country  a  few 
years  ago  aa  a  valuable  species  of  manure. 
(Span.) 

GUARD.  (1)  A  posture  of  defence. 

(2)  Same  as  Gard,  q.  v. 

GUARISH.  To  heal,  or  cure,  fywwr. 
GTJARY-MIRACLE.  A  miracle-play  formerly 
acted  in  Cornwall,  even  as  late  an  the  seven- 
teen  century.  A  specimen  of  one  from  the 
Harl.  MSS.  has  been  printed  by  .Mr.  Davies 
Gilbert.  In  the  following  pasnage,  the  term 
seems  to  be  applied  to  the  recitation  or  singing 
of  a  romance. 

Thy*  y«  oa  of  Brytayne  Jay«*» 
That  vris  used  by  oJdcdaywu 
Men  callya  playn  the  #nrys.  Rmatc,  1CJS. 

GUB.  (1)  A  sum  of  money.    Line. 
A  pander,  or  go-between.  #mwi. " 

(3)  A  rough  round  stoae  that  wiil  not  lay  regular 
in  a  wall.    OXOH, 

GXJBBAKN.    A  foul,  filthy  place;  a  gutter,  or 

drain.    Wilts. 

GUBBER.    Black  mud.    Suatex. 
GUBBER-TUSHED.    Said  of  a  person  whose 

teeth  project  irregularly* 
rUBBINGS.    Theparmgscrf  JwJ»itfin<s. 

any  kind  of  fragnoente, 
GUBBINS,   Auild&orto 

about  Dartmoor.     MUle«T 
GUBBLE-STONE.    Same  at 


GUI 


423 


GUI 


GUBBY.    A  crowd.    Devon. 

GUBERNATION.  Rule;  government.  R,  Glouc, 
p.  583;  Hall,  Henry  V.f.  5. 

GUD.     Good.    Reliq.  Antiq.  i.  82. 

GUD-DEVON.     Good  even.    Amadas,  110. 

GUDDLE.     To  guzzle.    Somerset. 

GUDE.    To  assist ;  to  do  good.    East. 

GUDGEN.  A  cutting  of  a  tree  or  plant  set  in 
the  ground.  West. 

GUDGEON.  (1)  To  swallow  a  gudgeon,  i.  e.  to 
be  caught  or  deceived,  to  be  made  a  fool  of. 
To  gape  for  gudgeons,  i.  e.  to  look  out  for  im- 
possibilities. A  gudgeon  was  also  a  term  for  a 
lie,  as  appears  from  Florio,  p.  476  ;  and,  some- 
times, a  joke  or  taunt. 

(2)  The  large  pivot  of  the  axis  of  a  wheel.  Also, 
a  piece  of  wood  used  for  roofing.  North. 

GUDGEONS.  The  rings  that  bear  up  the  rud- 
der of  a  ship.  Cotgrave. 

GUDGIL-HOLE.  A  place  containing  dung, 
water,  and  any  kind  of  filth.  West. 

GUDLY.    Courteous.     Gawayne. 

CUE.  A  rogue,  or  sharper.  It  occurs  in  the 
1031  cd.  of  the  White  Devil.  See  Webster's 
Works,  i.  81. 

GUEDE.  A  mistake  in  Havelok  and  other 
works  for  Gnede,  q.  v. 

GUEOUT.  The  gout.  Also,  a  soft  damp  place 
in  a  field.  Chesh. 

GUERDON.  Reward;  recompence.  Also,  to 
reward.  Guerdonize  occurs  in  Dolarny's 
Frimcrose,  4to.  1606. 

GUERDONLES.    Without  reward.    (A.-N.) 

(UIERR.    War.     State  Papers,  iii.  141. 

GUESS.  (1)  To  suppose,  or  believe.     Var.  dial. 

(2)  A  corruption  of  guesfs,  common  in  our  old 
dramatists  and  early  writers. 

(3)  A  term  applied  to  cows  when  they  are  dry  or 
barren.    Kent.    Guess-sheep,  barren  ewes. 

GUEST.    A  ghost,   or  spectre.    North.    Any 

person  is  called  a  guest  in  Craven. 
GUESTLINGS.    The  name  of  certain  meetings 

held  at  the  Cinque  Ports. 
GUEST-MEAL.    A  dinner-party.   Line. 
GUESTN1NG.    A  hospitable  welcome ;  a  kind 

reception.    North. 
GUFF.  An  oaf,  or  fool.    Cumo. 
GUGAW.    A  ilute.    Prompt.  Paro.    This  term 

is  probably  connected  with  gem-yaw,  q.  v. 

Blount  has,  "  Gugaw,  a  Jew's  harp,  or  trifle 

for  children  to  play  with." 
GUGE.   To  judge.    This  form  occurs  in  Wright's 

Monastic  Letters,  p.  133. 
GUGGLE,  (1)  To  gargle.    Wane. 

(2)  To  gull,  or  cheat   North. 

(3)  A  snail-shell,  or  a  snail  haying  a  shell.  This 
singular  word  is  !n  very  common  use  in  Ox- 
fordshire and  adjoining  oonraties,  but  has  never 
yet  found  a  place  in  prcwineinl  glossaries. 
Cochlea  has  been  suggested  to  me  as  itspro- 
bable  derivation. 

GUGGLER.    A  funnel,    East. 

GUIDE RS.    The  tendons.    North. 

GUIDES.  The  guides  of  a  waggon  ate  tike  arcs 

of  circles  fastened  <m  the  fore-axle  as  a 


bearing  for  the  bed  of  the  waggon  when  it 
locks.    Dorset  Gl. 

UIDE-STOOP.    A  guide-post.    North. 
GUIDON.    A  kind  of  standard.   See  Holinshed, 
Hist.  England,!.  29. 
IUIDRESSE.    A  female  guide.   Nares. 
1UIE.   To  guide.    Fairfax. 
GUILE,    A  guile  of  liquor,  L  e.  as  much  as  is 

brewed  at  once.    North. 
GUILERY.    Deceit.    Deri. 
UILE-SHARES.    Cheating  shares.    Kent. 
UIL-FAT.    A  wort-tub ;  the  tub  in  which  the 
liquor  ferments.     North. 
•UILL.    To  be  dazzled.     Chesh. 
UILTY-CUPS.   Butter-cups.    Devon. 
UIMAD.    A  fish  mentioned  by  Skinner  as 
caught  in  the  river  Dee. 

GUINEA-HEN.    An  ancient  cant  term  for  a 
prostitute.    See  Othello,  i.  3. 
UINIVER.    Queen  to  King  Arthur,  famous  for 
her  gallantries  with  Launcelot  du  Lake,  and 
others.    Hence  the  name  was  frequently  ap- 
plied to  any  flighty  woman. 
GUIPON.    Thejupon,orpourpoint.    (A.-N.) 
GUIRDING.     A  loud  crepitu8  ventris. 

UISERS.    Mummers.    North. 
GUISSETTES.    In  armour,  short  thigh  pieces. 
See  Hall,  Henry  IV.  f.  12. 
UITONEN.    A  vagrant,  a  term  of  reproach. 
See  Middleton,  iv.  324. 
UIZENED.  (1)  Leaky.     North. 
(2)  Strangely  and  carelessly  dressed.    Line. 
^UIZINNY.  Foolishly  dressed.  Line. 
GULARDOUS.    A  form  of  Goliards,  q.  v. 
A  mynstralle,  a  gnlai  doits, 
Comeouystoa  bysshope^  hous. 

MS.  Harl.  1701,  f.  31. 

And  therefore  I  walde  that  thou  war  warre ;  for  I 
say  the  sykerly  that  it  es  a  foule  lychery  for  to  de- 
lyte  the  in  rymmes  and  »Iyke  gvlj^rdy. 

MS.  Lincoln  A*}.  17,  f .  204. 

GULCH.  (1)  To  swallow  greedily-  West.  Per- 
haps connected  with  gulch,  wrongly  explained 
by  Nares.  A  gulch  is  a  great  fat  fellow,  as 
clearly  appears  from  Cotgrave,  in  v,  Bredctilkr, 
Grand.  "  Stuffingly,  gulchingly,"  Florio,  p. 
65.  See  below  in  Gulchy. 

(2)  To  fall  heavily.  Var.  dial.  Also  a  subst. 
A  plumpendicular  gulch  is  a  sudden,  awkward 
and  heavy  fall.  West. 

GULCHY.  Coarsely  fat.  Devon.  The  term 
occurs  in  Florio,  p.  132.  Also-,  greedy  of  drink. 

GULDE.    Gold.    JRitson. 

GULDER.  To  speak  loud  and  with  a  dissonant 
voice.  Cumb. 

GULE.  (1)  To  laugh,  or  boast.  Hertf.  Also,  to 
grin  or  sneer. 

(2)  Lammas  Day,tlie  1st  of  Aagnsk 

(3)  Gluttony.   Nominale  MS. 

Thl»  vlce^  wbldie  so  0wte  o£  reule 
Hath  set  u*  a»e,  i»  clepid  gule. 

Q*wer>  MS.  Soc.  Antiq.  134,  f.  176. 

GULES.  Red.    An  heraldic  term. 
GULF,   the  stomach,  or  belly.   Middleton  hat 
tfoe  tfrm,  but  Mr,  Dyce,  iv.  351,  reads  gift, 
To  gulp,.  Q*  swallow.    Devon. 


GUM 


424 


GUS 


GULL.  (1)  A  dupe,  or  fool.    Very  common  in 
the  old  dramatists. 

(2)  A  gosling.    Also,  the  bloom  of  tlie  willow  m 
spring.   South. 

(3)  To  sweep  away  by  the  force  of  running  water. 
Also,  a  breach  or  hole  so  made.    A  creek  of 
•water,  Harrison,  p.  59.    Gulled,  ib.  p.  114. 

(4)  A  kind  of  game.   Moor,  p.  238. 

(5)  An  unfledged  bird.  North.  Wilhraham  says, 
p.  44,  that  all  nestling  birds  in  quite  an  un- 
fledged state  are  so  called  in  Cheshire.    «  As 
that  ungentle  gull,  the  cuckoo's  bird,"  1  Henry 
IV.  v.  1.    There  can,  I  presume,  be  no  doubt 
about  the  meaning  of  the  word  in  that  passage, 
aud  the  reader  will  be  somewhat  amused  at 
Mr.  Knight's  note.  See  also  the  "  naked  gull" 
in  Timon,  ft.  1. 

(6)  To  guzzle,  or  drink  rapidly.  See  Stamhurst's 
Ireland,  p.  16. 

(7)  A  crown.   An  old  cant  term. 
GULLE.   Gay;  fine.    A.-S.  gvl? 

The  Jewes  alle  of  that  gate 
Wex  all  fulle  guile  and  grene. 

MS,  Karl.  4196,  f.  2(X>. 
GULLERY,    Deceit.    "  Illusion,  a  mockerie,  or 

gullerie,"  Cotgrave. 

GULLET.  (1)  A  small  stream.  See  Harrison's 
Descr.  Britaine,  p.  50.  From  pull,  to  force 
as  water  does.  See  Gull  (3),  and  Harrison, 
ib.  p.  31.  The  term  occurs  sometimes  in  old 
documents  apparently  in  tue  sense  of  por- 
tions or  parts. 

(2)  The  arch,  of  a  bridge.    Devon. 

(3)  A  jack*   North. 

GULLET.    A  large  knife.    North. 
GULL-GROPE RS.    Usurers  who  lend  money  to 

the  gamesters.    This  term  occurs  in  Dekker's 

Satiro-Mastix. 

GULLION.  (1)  The  cholic.   East. 
(2)  A  mean  wretch.    North, 
GULLY.  (1)  A  ravine ;  a  small  gutter ;  a  ditch ; 

a  small  stream.     Var.  dial. 

(2)  A  calf  s  pluck.    North. 

(3)  A  hand-barrow*    Devon. 
GULLYGUT.  A  glutton.   "A  glutton,  a  gully- 

gut,  a  gormand,"  Florio,  p.  147.     See  also 

Baret,  1580,  G.  629. 
GULLY-HOLE.   The  mouth  of  a  drain,  sink,  or 

sewer.    Norf.    Florio,  p.  64,  has  gulfeJiole. 
GULLY-MOUTH.    A  small  pitcher.    Devon. 
GULLY-PIT.    A  whirlpool.    Devon. 
GULOSITY.  Greediness.  (Lat.)  See  Dial.  Great. 

Moral,  p.  79. 
GULP.    The  young  of  any  animal  in  its  softest 

and  tenderest  state ;  a  very  diminutive  person. 

East. 

GULPH.    A  mow,  or  goaf,  q.  v.    Norf. 
GULSH.     Mud ;  lees  j  sediment ;  any  uncleanly 

deposit.    East. 

GULSKY.    Corpulent  and  gross.    East. 
GULT.    Injured.     Will  Weriv. 
GUM.    Insolence.    Var.  dial 
'GUMBALDE.    Some  dish  in  cookery. 

Tartes  of  Turky,  taste  whane  theme  lykys, 
*  graythely  fullt;  gracious  to  ta>,te, 

JUimte  Arthuie,  MS.  Lincoln,  f.  55, 


GUMBLE.  To  fit  very  badly,  and  be  too  large, 
as  clothes.  Kent. 

GUMBLED.  Awaking  in  the  morning  the  eyes 
are  said  to  beyumbled,  when  not  easily  opened. 
Moor,  p.  158.  "  Thy  eyes  are  gum'd  with 
tears,"  Hawkins,  ii.  92.  "Her  old  gummie 
eyes,"  Two  Lancashire  Lovers,  16-iO,  p.  121. 

GUMMED.  Velvet  and  taffata  were  sometimes 
stiffened  with  gum  to  make  them  look  shiny  or 
sit  better;  but  the  consequence  was  that  the 
stuff,  being  thus  hardened,  quickly  rubbed  and 
fretted  itself  out.  See  Narcs.  "  Gumm'd  vel- 
vet," 1  Henry  IV.  ii.  2.  "  He  frets  like  gumm'd 
taifetyt"  Ray's  Proverbs,  ed.  1813,  p.  60. 

GUMMY.   Thick;  swollen.    North. 

GUMP.   A  foolish  fellow.   South. 

GUMPTION.   Talent.    Var.  dial 

GUMPY.   Very  lumpy.    Devon. 

GUMSHUS.    Quarrelsome.    East. 

GUN.  A  large  flagon  of  ale.  North.  Soa  of  a 
gun,  i.  e.  a  merry,  jovial,  drunken  fellow. 

GUNDE.  To  reduce  to  pieces.  It  occurs  in 
MS.  Cott.  Vespas.  D.  vii. 

GUNNER.  A  shooter,  Suffolk.  It  is  in  use  in 
America. 

GUNNING-BOAT.  A  light  and  narrow  boat  in 
which,  the  fenraen  pursue  the  fiocks  of  wild 
fowl  along  their  narrow  drains.  Also  called  a 
gunning-shout. 

GUNSTONE.  This  term  was  retained  for  a 
bullet,  after  the  introduction  of  iron  shot. 
Gonne-stone,  Palsgrave. 

GUODDED.    Spotted ;  stained.     Weber. 

GUODE.    Good.    Amis  and  Amil.  16. 

GUP.  Go  up !  An  exclamation  addressed  to  a 
horse.  Var.  dial 

GUR.  (I)  The  matter  of  metals  before  it  is  coa- 
gulated into  a  metallic  form.  Hewlett's  MS. 
Gloss.  MS.  Lansd.  1033. 

(2)  Green,  as  a  wound  is.   Line. 

GURDE.  (1)  Girt ;  girded.    Hcarne. 

(2)  To  strike.   Also  the  part*  pa. 

Ryjtas  gryflbnea  on  grene  they#wrrfirntog«iur, 

US,  Cott.  CM ff.  A.U.  f.IU 
A  corner  of  Otuwele*«chi'Ul 
He  ffurfo  out  amSdde  the  fclde.       Otuitt,  p.  70. 

GURDS.  (1)  Fits ;  starts.    I  'ar.  dial 

(2)  Eructations.    Somerset. 

GURGE.    A  gulf r  or  whirlpool   (M.) 

GURGEON.   A  nondescript.    L  JTij/A/. 

GURGEONS.  Pollard  meal.  Sec  Harribon,  p. 
168  ;  Ord.  and  Reg.  p.  60. 

GURGIPING.  Stuffed  up  and  Miff.  An  ancient 
term  in  hawking.  See  Cent  Rec.  ii.  62. 

GURGY.   An  old  low  hedge.    Cernw. 

GURL,    Togtowl.    Somerset. 

GURMOND.  A  glutton.  Mm. 

GURNET.  A  gurnard.  W«  atve  gttrwtde  im 
Ord-andReg.  p,449. 

GURRY-BUT.    A  dung-aledge.   23tw». 

GURT.   ShuHea  oate,    Florio,  pp,  &,  67,  72* 

GURTJB.   Strtwiu   EeEq.  Aatiq.  it  8, 

GTJRTHELE.   A  girdk    Chawxr. 

GUSH.  (1)  A  gust  of  wind. 

(2)  To  scare  or  frighten 


GWA 


425 


GYR 


BUSHILL.    A  gutter.    Kenneti,  p.  42. 

GUSHMENT.    Terror;  fright.    Devon. 

GUSS.   A  girth.    Also,  to  girth.    West. 

GUSSCHELLE.  A  dish  in  ancient  cookery. 
See  MS.SIoane  1201,  f.  48. 

GUSSETS.  Pieces  of  chain-mail,  cut  in  a  tri- 
angular lozenge  shape,  which  were  fixed  to  the 
liaustment  or  garment  under  the  armour  by 
means  of  arming-points.  MeyricJc. 

GUSSOCK.  A  strong  and  sudden  gush  or  gust 
of  wind.  East. 

GUSS-WEBB.     A  woven  girdle.    Glouc. 

GUST.   To  taste.    Shak. 

GUSTARD.  The  great  bustard.  See  Holinshed, 
Chron.  Scotland,  p.  15. 

GUSTRILL.   A  nasty  gutter.    Wilts. 

GUT.  (1)  A  wide  ditch,  or  water-course  that 
empties  itself  into  the  sea ;  a  bay.  Kennett, 
MS.Lansd.  1033. 

(2)  A  very  fat  man.     Var.  dial. 

GUTBELL.    The  dinner  or  eating-bell. 

GUTH.  A  girth.    Salop. 

GUTLING.    A  glutton.    Craven. 

GUT-SCRAPER.  A  fiddler.    Var.  dial. 

GUTTED.    Begrimed.    Devon. 

GUTTER.  (1)  The  hollow  place  in  a  cross-bow 
in  which  the  arrow  was  laid. 

(2)  A  small  stream  of  water  deep  and  narrow. 
Yorksh. 

(3)  To  devour  greedily.    Devon. 
GUTTERS.    Little  streaks  in  the  beam  of  a 

hart's  head.    (Fr.} 

GUTTER-SLUSH.    Kennel  dirt.   East. 
GUTTER-TILES.    Convex  tiles  made  expressly 

for  drains  or  gutters. 
GUTTIDE.    Shrove-tide.    See  Wilbraham,  p. 

44 ;  Middleton,  ii.  165. 
GUTTLE.   To  be  ravenous.   North. 
GUTTLE-HEAD.     A  forgetful,  careless,  and 

thoughtless  person.    Camb. 
GUTTONE.    To  gut  an  animal.    Pr.  Parv. 
GUWEORN.    Spurge.    MS.  Harl.978. 
GUWLZ.    Marigolds.    This  form  is  from  Bat- 

chelor's  Orth.  Anal.  p.  134. 
GUY.    An  effigy  carried  about  by  boys  on  Nov. 

5th  to  represent  Guy  Fawkes. "  Hence  applied 

to  any  strange-looking  individual. 
GUYDEHOME.     A  guidon,  q.  v.   This  form 

occurs  in  Hall,  Henry  VII.  f.  47. 
GUYED.  Guided;  directed.   (A^N.) 
So  of  my  *cMpgrui/ed  h  the  rothir, 
That  y  ne  may  erre  for  wawe  ne  for  wynde. 

Ltrdgata,  MS,  Soc.  Antiq.  134,  f.  1. 

GU  YOUR.  A  glider,  or  leader.    Hearne. 

GUYTB.    A  guide.    Nominate  MS. 

OUY2ARDS.  Men  in  disguise.  See  Dekker's 
Knights  CJonjuring,  p.  54,repr. 

GUZZLE.  A  drain  or  ditch,  South.  Some- 
times, a  small  stream.  Galled  also  a  yuzzen, 
"  Guzzen-dirt,  the  stinking  dirt  of  mud-pools 
in  summer,"  Milles  MS. 

Tfci«  Is  all  one  thing  a*  if  hee  should  goe  about 
to  JuBsle  her  into  some  filthy  stinking  guzsfa  or 
ditch.  WhatelejftBrite  Buth,  1683,  p.  114. 

GVJAJN.    Goin^    North. 


GWENDERS.   A  disagreeable  tingling  arising 

from  cold.    Cornw. 

GWETHALL.   Household  stuff.    Heref. 
GWINRIS.   Guides.    Wrier. 
GWODE.    A  goad.  Reliq.  Antiq.  i.  82. 
GWON.   Gone.   Still  in  use. 
GWYLE.   A  gully,  or  ravine ;  generally  applied 

to  wooded  ravines.    West. 
GY.   To  direct,  or  rule.    See  Gie. 

The  prosperity  of  thys  land  thus  they  gy, 
Forthewyth  togedere  al  to  the  daunee. 

MS.  Cantab.  Ff .  1. 6,  f.  135 

GYANE.     Gay?     -'Colours  gyane,"  Collier's 

Hist.  Dram.  Poet.  ii.  289. 
GYBE.    A  counterfeit  license  for  begging.    See 

the  Fraternitye  of  Vacabondes,  Lond.  1575. 
GYBONN.    Gilbert.    Pr.  Parv. 
GYDE.    A  guide.    See  Gid. 

And  I  shalbe  the  munkes#y<fe, 
With  the  myght  of  mylde  Mary. 

MS.  Cantab.  Ff.  v.  48,  f.  128. 

GYDERESSE.    A  female  guide.     Chaucer. 
GYDERS.    Straps  to  draw  together  the  open 

parts  of  armour.    Arch.  xvii.  292. 
GYDLES.     Giddy.    Lydgate. 
GYE.  (lj  The  name  of  different  weeds  growing 

among  corn.    East. 
(2)  A  salt-water  ditch.   Somerset. 
GYFFENE.    Given.    Perceval,  206,  2150. 
GYGE.    To  creak.     Craven. 
GYLE.  (1)  Guile ;  deceit.    Also,  to  deceive. 

Bot  ther  was  jit  gon  a  gyle.     MS.  Ashmolc,  61,  f.  61. 
He  seyde,  welcome  alle  same, 
He  lete  hyraselfe  then  ht>  $j/btd. 

JfS.  CimtHb.  Ff.  ii.  38,  f.  78. 
Many  on  trowyn  on  here  wylys, 
And  many  tymes  the  pye  hem  #]/?#«. 

MS.  Hart.  1701,  f.  3. 

(2)  Wort.  Gyk-tubbe,  Unton  Invent,  p.  3,  the 
vessel  in  which  ale  is  worked,  now  nearly  ob- 
solete. Generally  spelt  gail.  See  gyle/aits, 
in  a  note  in  Pr.  Parv.  p.  274.  Gytynghous, 
Fmchale  Charters. 

GYLE-HATHER.  Is  he  that  will  stand  by  his 
master  when  he  is  at  dinner,  and  bid  him  eat 
no  raw  meat,  because  he  would  eat  it  himself. 
Frat.  of  Vacabondes,  1575. 

GYLKELADE.  A  dish  in  cookery  described  in 
MS.  Sloane  1201,  f.  53. 

GYLTED.     Gilt.    Patyrave. 

GYME.    To  girn ;  to  grin.     North. 

GYMELOT.    A  gimlet.    Pr.  Parv. 

GYMMES.    Gems.    Kyng  Alisaunder,3152. 

GYNFUL.  Full  of  tricks,  or  contrivances.  See 
Piers  Ploughman,  p.  186. 

GYOWNE.  Guy,  pr.  n.  See  Roquefort,  Sup- 
plement  in  v.  Guion. 

Dewke  Loyer,  wyde  Oyoume, 
Why  have  ye  do  thys  treson  ? 

MS.  Cantab.  Ff.  ii.  38,  f.  182. 

GYP.  At  Cambridge,  a  college  servant  is  called 
a  gyp,  said  to  be  from  Gr,  ytn//. 

GYRON.  A  kind  of  triangle.  An  heraldic 
term.  See  Test.  Vetubt.  p.  231. 

GYRSOM*  A  line  or  composition  paid  before- 
hand. Durham. 


HAD 


426 


HAG 


GYRTHE.     Protection;  peace.    (r/.-.S.) 
If  thou  here  any  thondur 
In  the  moneth  of  December, 
We  shal  thorow  the  grace  of  cure  Lorde, 
Have  pee»  and  ggrthe  goode  aconic 

MS.  Cantab.  Ff.  v.  4B,  f,  0 

GYST.  (1)  A  joist.     Palsgrave. 

(2)  Gettest.    Songs  and  Carols,  x. 

(3)  Juice?    Nominate  MS. 

Do  hytstampe  and  take  gode  wyne, 
And  take  the  gystt  and  put  rhcrj,u, 
And  all  that  therof  drynke, 
They  schall  lernefor  to  wynke. 

MS.  Cantab   Pf  h.  38,  f  1J1. 

(4)  Deed,  actiorj,  or  adventure. 


We  wyll  telle  Blanchpflowre* 
Of  thy  gyst\tn  and  thyu  honowrc. 

MS  Cantab    Ff,  ii   ;?», 

GYTELSCHEPPE.     Recklessness. 

Wylland,  certes,  I  <iyd  it  nojte, 

Bot  for  gyttlsehefpe  of  thorite, 

-R.  dft  Brunnc,  ITS.  J?»u'«*,  p.  ». 

GYTHESB.    Guise ;  fashion.    JR.  tie  ttrunne. 

GYTRASH,    A  spirit,  or  ghost.     Crat-nt. 

GYVE.  (1)  This  term  is  occasionally  used  as  a 
\erb,to  keep  or  fetter, but  instancusof  it  in  that 
sense  are  not  very  frequently  to  be  met  with. 

(2)  To  banter ;  to  quiz.     Nwih. 

GYVES,    Fetters.    Octovian,  222. 

UYXVML.    A  jewel    Hub.  Glozc.  p.  508. 


HA.    A  contraction  of  have*    Sometimes 
or  hast.     Var.  dial. 

HAA.    Azure.     Antnrs  of  Arther,  p.  1. 
HAAFURES.    Fishermen's  lines.    North. 
HAAL.    "Whole.     Craven. 
HAAM.    Home.    North.    This  dialect  gene- 

rally changes  o  into  aa. 

HA-APE.    Ta  stop  or  keep  "back.    Devon. 

HAB.    To  obtain  a  thing  by  hab  or  nab,  i.  e. 

by  fair  means  or  foul.     Hab  or  nab  means 

properly,  rashly,  without  consideration,  "  Shot 

hab  or  nab  at  randon,"    Holinshed,  Chron. 

Ireland,  p.  82.    See  Florio,  p.  48  j  Cotgrave 

in  v.  Conjecturalement,  Perdu. 

IIABADE.    Abode  ;  stopped  ;  waited. 

The  knyghte  no  lengare  habade, 

Bot  on  his  waye  faste  herade. 

SfS.  Uncoln  A.  I  17,  f.  130 

And  hymselfe  and  a  certane  of  raenje  with  hym 

habccdf,  and  thare  he  garte  make  a  citee,  and  called  it 

A  lexander  after  his  awenne  name.          MS.  Ibid.  f.  4. 

HABBE.    Have;  hold.     (4.-S.) 
HABBETH.    Have.    Rob.  Glouc.  p.  9, 
HABENEIES.     Architectural   decorations  of 
some  kind,  but  the  exact  meaning  of  the  term 
does  not  appear  to  be  known.    It  occurs  in 
Chaucer,  some  copies  reading  barbicans, 
HABERDASHER.    A  schoolmaster.    North. 
HABERDINE.    Salted  cod.    In  an  old  register 
of  Bushey,  co.  Wilts,  it  is  stated  that  "  Mr. 
Gale  gave  a  ffaberdine  fish,  and  half  a  peck 
of  blue  peas,  to  twenty  widows  and  widowers, 
once  a  year."    See  Reports  on  Charities,  xxv, 
330;  Tusser,p.  61. 
HABERGEON.     A  breastplate,  generally  of 
mail  or  close  steel,  but  sometimes  of  leather. 
Thin  Jiabei-ion  is  thy  body  fre, 
Thy  baner  is  the  rode  tre.    3f&  Aarlit*  1  1307,  f.  6.5. 
Sche  me  fond  palfrey  and  sted, 
Helme,  habyi-ian,  and  odour  wed. 


.,. 
HABID.     To  abide  ,-  to  wait  for.    See  the  se- 

cond example  in  v.  Derne. 
HABILITEE.    Ability.     Chaucer. 
HABILLIMENTS.    Borders,  as  of  gold,  pearl, 

&c.  in  ancient  dress. 

HABITACLE.  A  dwelling,  or  habitation.  (^.-iV.) 
ft  is  sometimes  applied  to  a  niche  for  a  statue. 
What  wondir  thaune  thouj  that  God  by  myracle 
Wlthinne  a  wayde  made  his  falitoch. 

Lydgate,  MS,  Snc.  Anhq,  134,  f.  L 


IIABITE.    To  dwell.     Chaucer. 

HABITUDE.    Disposition.    Table  to  the  Aca- 
demy of  Complements,  12mo.  1640. 

HABLE.   A  sea-port,  or  haven.    (J.-.V.) 

HABOT.    An  abbot.     Lydyate, 

Ala  saynt  Ambrose  sayf«,  and  wwtynp  »t  w  by  * 
haly  habot  that  hyghtc  Agathoue,  that  thr<>  xere  h* 
bare  a  stanein  his  mouthe  to  lore  hym  to  haMchym 
styjl««  MS.  Linrt»/«  A  L  17,  f  »4£. 

HABUD.    Abided  j  suffered. 

The  ho!6  cros  wyn  or  he  dye. 
That  Crist  hatnut  on  good  Prydsy. 

Af  S.  Z)<- WCM  00^,  f .  2-). 

HABUKDE.    To  abound.    Gower. 
HABURDEPAY6.  Articles  of  merchandise  that 

are  sold  by  weight.     (A.-N.) 
HABURIONE.    Same  as  Haberyeon,  q.  v. 
Disdeyne  so  thyk  his  habwione  hath  mayled 
Of  nay  desirere  that  I  may  se  ryth  nowth*. 

3/S,  Cantab.  Ft.  i.O,  f.  IS. 
HABY.    Same  as  Abie,  q.  v. 

Theknyphto  ansuers  in  hy, 
Hesallethe  barg«ne/i«ftj^/ 
That  did  me  this  vclany. 

MS.  L'n^tn  A.  L  17,  f.  132, 

HAC.    But.    Hearne's  Rob.  iihwc. 
HACHE.  (1)  Pain ;  fatigue.    (^.- 

(2)  Hatchet;  axe.    //«5w. 

(3)  A  rack  for  hay.    See  Hack. 
HACHED.    «  Clothe  of  silver  h<tck<>tl 

satyn  groundc,"  Wardrobe  Ace.  Edw.  IV.  p. 
160.  The  editor  supposes  this  to  mean 
cloth  slightly  embroidered  with  silver  on  a 
satin  ground. 

HACK.  (1)  A  strong  pick-axe,  or  hoe  j  a  But- 
tock j  a  spade.  Var.  dial.  See  example  in  v. 
For-wroffht. 

(2)  A  hatch,  or  half-door;  a  rack.     Norf, 
Skinner  gives  it  as  a  Lincolnshire  wortl 

(3)  To  stammer  j  to  cough  faintly  and  frequently* 
to  labour  severely  and  iucicftttigtbly  j  to  <shat> 
with  a  knife ;  to  break  the  clodn  of  earth  tft«r 
ploughing.     Var.  dial.    It  oecurs  in  tbt  first 
sense  in  Towneley  Myst  pp.  Ill,  116. 

(4)  The  place  whereon  bricka  newly  made  are 
arranged  to  dry,    JTtftf. 

(5)  The  lights,  liver,  and  heart  ofa  boar  or  iw&ie. 
Holme,  1688. 

(G)  A  bard-workiog  man,    SttfbGL 
( 7)  Hack  at,  to  imitate,     Y&rtok. 


HAG 


42; 


HAG 


(8)  A  place  where  a  hawk's  meat  was  placed. 

Gent.  Rec.  ii.  62. 
(91  To  hop  on  one  leg.     West. 

(10)  To  chatter  with  cold.     Devon. 

(11)  A  hedge.     Line.    From  the  d.-S. 

(12)  To  win  everything.     Cumb. 
HACKANDE.   Annoying  j  troublesome.  (A.- 
HACKBUSH.    A  heavy  hand-gun. 
HACKED.     Chopped,  or  chapped.     North. 
HACKENAIE.     An  ambling   horse,    or  pad. 

(//.-  V.)    See  Rom.  Rose,  1137. 

HACKER.  (1)  A  kind  of  axe.     West. 

(2)  To  stutter;  to  stammer.  Hacker  and  stam- 
mer, to  prevaricate.  North. 

HACK-HOOK.  A  crooked  bill  with  a  long 
handle  for  cutting  peas,  tares,  &c.  South. 

HACKIB.     Sameas£<?jf(2). 

HACK  IN,  A  pudding  made  in  the  maw  of 
a  sheep  or  hog.  It  was  formerly  a  standard 
dish  at  Christmas,  and  is  mentioned  by  N. 
Fairfax,  Bulk  and  Selvedge,  1674,  p.  159. 

HACKLE.  (1)  A  straw  cone  of  thatch  placed 
over  a  bee-hive.  South.  The  terra  seems  to  be 
applied  to  any  conical  covering  of  hay  or  straw. 

(2)  To  shackle  beasts.    Suffolk. 

(3)  To  dress ;  to  trim  up.     Yor&sft* 

(4)  Hair;  wool;  feathers.     Nor  fit. 

(5)  To  agree  together.     Somerset. 

( 6)  The  mane  of  a  hog.     Wilts. 

(7)  An  instrument  with  iron  teeth  for  combing 
hemp  or  flax.    North. 

(8)  To  dig  or  pull  up.     Line, 

(0)  To  make  hay  into  rows.    A  hackle  is  a  row 

of  new-made  hay.     Qjtfm. 
(10)  A  stickleback.    Devon, 
HACKLED.     Peevish ;  crossgrained.     North. 
HACKLES.    The  long  pointed  feathers  on  a 

cock's  neck.     Far.  dial. 
HACKMAL.    A  tomtit.    Devon. 
HACKNEY.  (1)  A  saddle-horse.     West. 
(2)  A  common  whore.    See  Cotgrave,  in  v.  Can- 

tonniere,  Putain  ;  Howell,  sect,  xxii ;  Withals, 

ed.  1608,  p.  228.     Shakespeare  apparently 

uses  the  word  in  this  sense  in  Love's  Labours 

Lost,  iii.  1. 
HACKNEY-MAN.    A  person  who  let  out  horses 

for  hire.    Piers  Ploughman,  p.  96. 
HACKNEY-SADDLE.    A  riding  saddle. 
HACK-PUDDING.    A  mess  made  of  sheep's 

heart,  chopped  with  suet  and  sweet  fruits. 

The  people  used  to  breakfast  on  this  on 

Christmas-day  at  Whitbeck,  co.  Cumberland. 

See  Jefferson's  History  and  Antiquities  of 

Allerdale  Ward,  1842 ;  and  BacUn. 
HACKS.    Axes,  or  hatchets*    Meyrick,  iii.  45. 
HACKSLAVER.    A  aasty  slovenly  fellow,  both 

in  worda    and  action.      North,     Also,    to 

stammer,  or  stutter. 
HACKSTER.    An  haeknied  person. 
HACKSYLTRESE.    AxU4rees> 
HACKUM-PLACKUM.    Barter.    Nort^ 
HACKY.    Artful  ;wfety.    Nwtfomb. 
HACOKY.    A  hackney,  or  whore. 

Pet  yd  ftllc  abowte  as  an  Mew?  to  be  hyred. 


HACQUETON.     Same  as  dc&etoun,  q.  r. 
HAD.     Hold.    Also,  have.     North. 
HADDEN.    Pa.  t.  pi.  of  Have. 
IIADDER.    Heath,  or  ling.    North.    See  Ho- 

linshed,  Hist.  Scot.  p.  95. 
HADE.  (1)  In  mines,  the  underlay  or  inclination 

of  the  vejn.     North. 
(2)   A  ridge  of  land.     This  terra   occurs  in 

Drayton's  Polyolbion.     See  Nares. 
HADE*N.     Ugly;  untoward.     West. 
HADFASH.     Plague ;  trouble.    North. 
HADING.    A  sloping  vein.    Deri. 
HAD-I-WIST.    That  is,  had  I  known  the  con- 

sequences,  a  common  exclamation  of  those 

who  repented  too  late.      See  dddiwissen; 

Towneley  Myst.  p.  100 ;  Florio,  p.  14.     "  Had 

I  wist  comes  ever  to  late,"  Northern  Mothers 

Blessing,  1597. 
HADLEYS.     Hardly.    North.    It  is  occasion- 

ally  pronounced  hadlins. 
HAD-LOONT-REAN.    The  gutter  or  division 

between  headlands  and  others.    North. 
HAET.    Has.    Frere  and  the  Boy,  st.  47.    Ex- 

plained  hot  by  Meriton. 
HAFE.    Heaved ;  raised.     (^.-£) 
Jhesus  tho  hys  hande  up  hafet 
And  hys  blessyng  hys  modur  gafe. 

MS.  Cantab.  Ff.  ii.  38,  f.  35. 
HAFER.    To  stand  higgling.     Suff. 
HAFE  REN.     Unsettled ;  unsteady.    East. 
HAFFET.    The  forehead,  or  temples.    North. 
II AFFLE.    To  stammer ;  to  prevaricate ;  to  fal- 
ter.   North.    It  seems  to  mean  in  Cotgrave, 

in  v.  Viedazer,  to  abuse,  or  make  a  fool  of. 
HAFIR.     Oats.    It  is  the  translation  of  avena 

in  NominaleMS. 

HAFLES.     Wanting.    Towneley  Myst.  j>.  152. 
HAFT.    Loose  in  the  haft,  i.  e.  not  quite  honest. 

See  Wright's  Pol.   Songs,  p.  339.    £y  the 

haft,  a  common  oath. 
HAFTED.    A  cow  is  said  to  be  hafred,  when, 

from  long  retention  of  milk,  the  teats  have  be- 

come  rigid  like  the  hafts  of  knives. 
H AFTER.    A  wrangler ;  a  subtle  crafty  person. 

This  term  occurs  in  Hollyband's  Dictkwarie, 

1593;  DoctourDoubble  Ale,  n.d. 
HAFTS.    Little  islands  or  raised  banks  in  a 

pond  01  pool  for  ducks  or  other  "water-fowl  to 

build  their  nests.    Staff. 
HAFVE.    Possess;  have.     (^.-£) 

Wether  sa  it  be  kny  th  ar  knave, 
]tfy  luf  sal  he  ever  hafoe. 

Gy  &f  Warwihe,  MWdlehilJ  MS, 
HAG.  (1)  The  belly.    JVcrttiim&, 

(2)  To  hew,  chop,  or  back.     /  "«r.  dial. 

(3)  Idle  disorder,    Somerset. 

(4)  A  certain  divisiom  of  wood  intended  to  be 
cut.    In  England,  when  &  sat  of  workmen  un- 
dertake to  fell  a  wood,  they  divide  it  into 
eqnal  pwtfoos  by  cutting  off  a  rod,  called  a 
hoff-ftqf,  tteee  or  four  feet  from  the  grouiui, 
to  mark  tlie  divisions,  each,  of  which  is  caHed 
a  hog,  and  is  cojusidered  the  portion  of  one 
individual    A  whole  fall  is  called  iflag.    Tbe 
term  occurs  in  Cotgrave,  in  v.  Deyrader.    Th« 


HAG 


428 


HAK 


word  was  also  applied  to  a  small  wood  or  in- 
closure.  The  park  at  Auckland  Castle  was 
formerly  called  tlie  Hag.  Nares,  p.  220,  gives 
a  wrong-  explanation. 

(5)  A  sink  or  mire  in  mosses ,  any  broken  ground 
in  a  bog.    North.    See  Dugdale's  History  of 
Imbauking,  1662,  p.  292. 

(6)  A  -white  mist;  phosphoric  light  at  night- 
time.     North. 

(7)  To  haggle,  or  dispute     West. 

(8)  To  work  by  the  hag,  i.  e.  "by  the  job,  not  by 
the  day.    North. 

(9)  A  witch,  or  fiend.    (A.-S.) 

HAG  AGING.     Passionate.    Devon. 

HAGBERRY.    The  Prunus  padus,  a  shrub. 

HAGBUSH.  See  Hackbush.  "Caste  hag- 
bushes,"  Hall,  1548,  Henry  VIII.  f.  28.  It  is 
sometimes  spelt  hat/but. 

HAG-CLOG.    A  chopping-block.    North. 
HAGE.    Ague ;  sickness.    Hearne. 
HAGGADAY.    A  kind  of  wooden  latch  for  a 

door.     Yorksh. 

HAGGAGE.    A  sloven  or  slattern.    Devon. 
HAGGAR.    Wild;  untamed.     YorJcsh. 
HAGGARD.  (1)  A  rick-yard.   West.  This  word 
occurs  in  Holinshed,  Conq.  Ireland,  pp.  44, 
148,  and  also  in  Hall. 

(2)  A  wild  hawk ;  one  that  has  preyed  for  her- 
self before  being  taken.  Metaphorically,  a 
loose  woman. 

HAGGAR-MAKER'S-SHOP.    A  public-house. 
HAGGED.    Tired;  fatigued.    North. 
HAGGENBAG.  Mutton  or  beef  baked  or  boiled 

in  pie-crust.    Cornw. 

HAGGER.    To  chatter  with  cold.     Wilts. 

HAGGIE.    To  argue.    Exmoor. 

HAGGIS.  The  entrails  of  a  sheep,  minced  with 

oatmeal,  and  boiled  in  the  stomach  or  paunch 

of  the  animal.    North.    To  cool  one's  haggis, 

to  beat  him  soundly.    See  Florio,  p.  65 ;  No- 

menclator,  p,  87. 

HAGGISH.    An  opprobrious  epithet  for  a  fe- 
male.   North. 

HAGGISTER.    A  magpie.    Kent.    «  The  eat- 
ing of  a  haggister  or  pie  helpeth  one  be- 
witched/' R.  Scot,  Discoverie  of  Witchcraft, 
p.  82.    SeeMS.Lansd.  1033. 
HAGGLE.  (1)  To  hail.    North. 
(2)  To  cut  irregularly.    North. 
^3)  To  tease,  or  worry.     Oxon. 
HAGGLER.    The  upper-servant  of  a  farm.    /. 

Wight. 

HAGGLES.    Haws.    Males'  MS.  Gloss. 
HAGGLE-TOOTHED.  Snaggle-toothed.  Devon. 
HAGGY.    Applied  to  the  broken  or  uneven  sur- 
face of  the  soil,  when  in  a  moist  state.    Eaxt. 
HAGH.    A  hedge.     (J.-S.) 

Heraud  looked  under  ay  hagh, 
Ay  fair  mayden  he  ther  sagh. 

Gy  of  Ww>wikef  Middl&hill  MS. 
HAGHE.    Fear ;  tremor.     (A.-S.} 
HA.GHES.   Haws.    North. 
HAGHTENE.    The  eighth. 

Crete  dole  forsothe  it  es  to  telle, 
Oppone  the  haghtene  daye  byfelle. 

MS.  Lincoln  A.  i.  17,  f.  UW. 


HAGLER.    A  bungler.     Ver.tKaL 

HAGMALL.  A  woman  who  dresses  herself  in 
a  sluttish  manner.  Somerset. 

HAGRIDDEN.  Entangled.  Devon.  This  and 
some  few  other  terras  afford  curious  traces  of 
old  superstitions.  The  fairy-rings  are  termed 
hag-tracks  in  the  "West  of  England. 

HAG-STAFF.     See  Hag  (4). 

HAG-THORN.    The  hawthorn.    Devon. 

HAGUE  S.    Haws.    Craven. 

HAG-WORM.    A  snake.    North. 

HA-HOUSE.    A  mansion.     North. 

HAID-CORN.  The  plants  of  wheat  in  winter. 
Northumb. 

HAIE.    A  hedge.    Chaucer. 

HAIFER.    To  labour,  or  toil.    East. 

HAIGH.    To  have.    North. 

HAIHO,    The  woodpecker.  Salop. 

HAIKE.  An  exclamation,  generally  a  signal  of 
defiance.  North. 

HAIL.  (  1)  Health.    Rob.  Glouc.  p.  1  18. 

(2)  Healthy.    "  Hail  and  clear  English/'  Nath. 
Fairfax,  Bulk  and  Selvedge,  1C  74. 

(3)  To  roar  or  cry.    Somerset. 
HAILE.    Hauled  j  drawn.     Tusser. 
HAIL-FELLOW.    An  expression  of  intimacy. 

To  be  haU  fellow  well  met  with  every  oiic,  i.  c. 

to  mix  in  all  sorts  of  inferior  society. 
HAILSEN.    To  salute  ;  to  embrace.    (^-&) 
HAIL-SHOTS.    Small  shot  for  cannon.    See 

Florio,  p.  53  ;  Bourne's  Inventions,  1578: 
HA1N.  (1)  To  raise  or  heighten.  East. 

(2)  To  save  ;  to  preserve.    North.    Hence,  to 
exclude  cattle  from  a  field  so  that  grm  may 
grow  for  hay. 

(3)  To  own,  or  possess.    Line. 

(4)  Malice;  hatred.    Chesh. 
HAIN1SH.    Unpleasant.    J&MJC. 
HAIPS.    A  sloven.    Craven. 

HAIR.  Grain  ;  texture  ;  character.  This  i&  a 
common  word  in  old  plays.  A  quibble  on  it 
seems  intended  in  Sir  Thomas  More,  p.  43  ; 
Citye  Match,  1C39,  p.  51.  Affainxt 
against  the  grain,  contrary  to  nature. 

HAIRE.     Same  as  Hayre,  q.  v. 

HAIREVE.    The  herb  cleaver.    Gkuc* 

HAIRY-LOCKED.    Having  aide-Iocka. 

IIAISH.    The  ash.    Reliq,  Anti<|.  ii,  82. 

HAISTER.    The  fire-place.    Sahq). 

HAISTERT.    Hoisted  about.    t'um& 

HAIT.    Happy;  joyful.    (.*.-AT.) 

HAITCH.    A  slight  shower. 

HAITCHY.    Misty  ;  cloudy.    SwtA, 

HAITHE.    To  heave  up.    (^.-Ar.) 

HAIT-WO.  Go  to  the  left  1  A  word  of  com- 
mand to  horses  in  a  team.  A  harvest  song 
has  the  following  chorus,  "  \Vitb  a  halt,  with 
a  ree,  with  a  wo,  with  a  gee  I"  The  expre** 
sion  is  very  ancient. 

HAKASING.    Tramping  about.    Line. 

HAKATONE.    Same  as  Mfototw,  q.  v. 
Aftcadart  smote  Gyono 


Kf.  i.,  3V*  C. 


HAKCHYP.    A  hatchet   JV. 


II A  L 


429 


HAL 


HAKE.  (1)  A  hook.  far.  dial.  The  draught 
irons  of  a  plough  are  the  hakes. 

(2)  To  sneak,  or  loiter  ahout.   North.     Also,  to 
dally  wantonly. 

(3)  A  hand-gun.    Egerton  Papers,  p.  1 7. 

(4)  A  hawk.    Sir  Amadas,  55. 
HAKED.    A  large  pike.     Camlr. 

HAKEL.  See  Brait.  It  seems  to  mean  clothing, 
dress,  in  Warner,  p.  97. 

HAKERE.    A  quarter  of  corn. 

HAKERNES.    Acorns.    Will.  AVerw.  p.  66. 

HAKKE.    To  follow,  or  run  after.     (^.-S.) 

HAKKER.  To  tremble  with  passion ;  to  chat- 
ter with  cold.  West. 

HAL  (1)  A  fool,    Yorfah. 

(2)  All ;  hold.     Hearnc. 

(3)  Abbreviation  for  Henry.     Obsolete. 

HAL  A.    Bashful ;  modest.     Yorksh. 

HALANTOW.  A  procession  which  used  to  sur- 
vey the  parish  bounds,  singing  a  song  with 
that  burden,  and  accompanied  with  ceremo- 
nies, somewhat  similar  to  the  Furry-day,  q.  v. 

HALCHE.    To  loop,  or  fasten.     Gawayne. 

HALCHOO.    Same  as  Hackle,  q.v. 

HALDE.  Kept ;  held.    Also,  a  prison,  fortress, 

or  castle.    (,rf.-&) 
HALDEN.    Held.     Chaucer. 
H  ALDER.     A  plough  handle.    Line. 
HALE.  (1)  To  pull,  or  draw.     West.    See  the 

Assemble'  of  Foules,  151 ;  Spanish  Tragedy,  ap. 

Hawkins,  ii.  122 ;  Hairison,  p.  202 ;  Marlowe, 

i.  156,  ii.  14  ;  Reliq.  Antiq.  i.  2 ;  Brit.  Bibl.  iv. 

93;  Stanihurst,  p.  11.    In  early  English  the 

word  is  applied  in  various  ways,  but  generally 

implying  rapid  movement. 

(2)  Health ;  safety.     Lydgate. 

(3)  Whole ;  well ;  strong.    (//.-£) 

(4)  An  iron  instrument  for  hanging  a  pot  over 
the  fire.    South. 

(5)  To  pour  out.    Dorset. 

(6)  Whole; all.    Sir  Perceval,  2029.  "The hale 
howndrethe,"  MS.  Morte  Arthure. 

(7)  A  tent,  or  pavilion.    "  Hale  in  a  felde  for 
men,  tref,"  Palsgrave.  Nares  misunderstands 
the  term.    "  Tabernaculum,  a  pavilion,  tente 
or  hale,"  Elyot,  1559. 

(8)  To  vex,  or  trouble ;  to  worry.     Ball. 
(9;  To  procure  by  solicitation.     North. 

(10)  A  rake  with  strong  teeth  for  getting  loose 

pebbles  from  brooks.    Devon. 
HALE-BREDE.    A  lout ;  a  lubber. 
HALEGH.    A  saint.    (//.-£)     This  occurs  in 

MS.  Cott.  Vespas.  D.  vii.  Ps,  14. 
HALELELY.    Wholly.    See  Minot,  p.  17. 

And  whenue  the  oste  had  herde  thire  wordcs,  thay 
commenedide  byra  haleiely  with  a  voyce. 

MS.  Lincoln  A.  1. 17,  f*  19. 

HALEN.    To  hawl,  or  take,    (A.-S.) 
HALES.    Plough-handles.    Line. 
HALESOME.    Wholesome ;  healthy* 
HALE  STONE.    A  flint ;  a  fire-«tone.    North. 
HALE  WES.    Saints.    Beliq.  Antiq.  I  38. 
HALEYARDS.    Halliards.    See  Enphttes  Gol- 
den Legade,  ap.  Collier,  p.  109. 
HALF.    Half ;  part ;  side.    (^f.-S.) 


HALF-BAKED.     Raw;   inexperienced;    half. 

silly.     Var.  dial 

HALF-BORD.     Sixpence.    A  cant  term. 
HALF-CAPS.     Half-bows;   slight    salntatioiti 

with  the  cap.     Shak. 

HALFENDELE.  Half ;  the  half  part.  (A.-S.j 
In  Somerset,  a  halfendeal  garment  is  one  com- 
posed of  two  different  materials. 

He  schased  the  erle  in  a  while 
Mare  [then]  halfendele  a  myle. 

MS.  Lincoln  A.  i.  17,  f.  131. 

HALFERS.  An  exclamation  among  children 
which  entitles  the  utterer  to  half  of  anything 
found  by  his  companion,  unless  the  lattei 
previously  says,  **  No  halfers,  findce  keepee, 
loosee  seekee,"  which  destroys  the  claim. 

HALF-FACED.  Showing  only  half  the  face, 
the  rest  being  concealed  by  a  muffler.  See 
the  Puritan,  quoted  by  Nares.  Also  said  of  a 
face  drawn  in  profile.  Half -face  d  groats  were 
those  which  had  the  king's  face  in  profile. 

HALF-HAMMER.  The  game  of  hop,  step, 
and  jump.  East. 

HALF-KIRTLE.  The  common  dress  of  courte- 
sans. See  2  Henry  IV.  v.  4. 

HALFLY.     Half.    Halle's  Hisfc.  Ex.  p.  39. 

HALF-MARROW.  One'  of  two  boys  who  ma- 
nages a  tram.  North. 

HALF-MOON.    A  periwig.    D&Jcer. 

HALF-NAMED.    Privately  baptized.     West. 

HALF-NOWT.    Half-price.    North. 

HALF-PACE.  A  raised  floor  or  platform.  See 
Ord.  and  Reg.  pp.  341,  356. 

HALFPENNY.  To  have  one  hand  on  a  half- 
penny, to  be  cautious,  prudent,  or  attentive  to 
one's  interests.  North. 

HALF-ROCKED.    Silly.     Var.  dial 

HALF-SAVED.  Half-witted.  Heref.  The  epi- 
thet half-strained  is  also  common. 

HALF-STREET.  A  place  in  Southwark,  for- 
merly noted  for  stews. 

HALFULDELE.   Same  as  Halfendele,  q.  v. 

HALIDOM.  Holiness ;  sanctity ;  the  sanctuary ; 
a  sacrament.  Formerly  a  common  oath. 
Minsheu  calls  it,  «  an  old  word,  used  by  old 
countrywomen  by  manner  of  swearing."  " 

HALIE.    To  hawl ;  to  pull.    (4.-$.) 

HALIFAX-GIBBET.  An  instrument  of  execu- 
tion formerly  used  at  Halifax. 

HALIGH.  Holy.  This  word  occurs  in  MS. 
Cott.  Vespas.  D.  vii.  Ps.  4. 

HALING.    A  pulling.    Harrison,  p.  184. 

H  AUNG-WHIP.    A  flexible  whip  or  rod. 

II  ALT-PALMER.    A  palmer-worm.     West. 

HALIWEY.  The  balsam  tree.  See  a  list  of 
plants  in  MS.  Sloane  5,  f.  3.  •  The  term  was 
also  applied  to  any  remedy  against  sickness. 

HALK.    Futuo.    MS.  Ashmole  208. 

HALKE.    A  comer.    (A.-S.) 

And  alto  thlse  fialce  erchedekrae  that  aboute  tli» 

cuntnS  walke, 
And  maynteylMm  &ke  preestJU  in  every  hnlJce. 

MS.  Ashmolt  (50,  f.  07. 

HALL.  (I)  A  trammel.    Suffolk. 
(2)  A  chief  house.    The  manor-house  in  many 
parishes  is  called  the  Hall. 


422 


GUB 


(2)  Among  cockfi  ghters,  to  cut  the  feathers  under 

the  wings  of  a  cock. 
GRUB-FELLING.  -  Felling  trees  by  cutting  away 

all  their  roots.    East.    Also  called  grub-stub- 

king  in  Suffolk. 

GRUBUNG-IKON.    A  gouge.    Palsgrave. 
GRUCCH  ANDE .     Grumbling ;  murmuring. 

Thane  grevyde  syr  Gawayne  at  his  grett  wordes, 

Graythes  towards  the  gome  with,  grucchande  herte. 
Morte  Arthurs,  MS.  Lincoln ,  f.  G7. 

GRUCHER,    A  kind  of  hawk,  mentioned  in  MS. 

Addit.  11579,  f.  98. 
GRUDGING.     A  feeling,  or  inclination.     A 

grudging-  of  an  agueri.e.  a  symptom,  Beauraont 

and  Flet.  vi.  34  ;  Dr.  Dee's  Diary,  p.  28, 
GRUDGINGS.    Pollard  ;  fine  bran.    North. 
GRUE.  To  pain,  or  grieve.    Line. 
GRUEL.    Same  as  Grudging  q.  v. 
GRUFF.    A  mine.    Somerset,    Hence  gruffer, 

a  miner.    See  Jennings,  p.  41. 
GRUFFLB.    To  growl.    Suffolk. 
GRUFTED.   Dirtied ;  begrimed.    Line. 
GRUGGE.    To  grumble.    COY.  Myst.  p.  228. 
GRUM.    Angry;  surly.   "And  so  gnun,"  Cot- 
ton's Works,  ed.  1734,  p.  155. 
GRUMBLE-GUTS.    A  grumbling  discontented 

person.    Var.  dial 

GRUMMEL.    Gromwell.    Reliq.  Antiq.  i.  52. 
GRUMMUT.    An  ignorant  person.    South. 
GRUMPH.    To  growl,  or  grumble.    North. 
GRUMPHEY.     A   species  of  jostling  among 

schoolboys,  in  endeavouring  to  hide  anything 

•which  one  takes  from  another.    North. 
GRUMPY.    Sulky;  surly.     Var.  dial 
GRUMSEL.    The  dandelion.  Devon. 
GRUN.  (1)  Ground,    Var.  dial. 
(2)  The  upper  lip  of  a  beast.   North. 
GRUNDLIKE.    Heartily ;  deeply. 
GRUNDWALLE.    A  foundation, 

Hot  for-thi  that  na  were  may  stand, 
Witouten  grundwalle  to  be  lastand. 

MS.  Cott.  Vespa*.  A.  ill.  f*  3. 
GRUNDYNE.     Ground ;    sharpened.     "  With 

grundyne  wapynes,"  MS.  Morte  Arthure,  f.  68. 
GRUNNLESTONE.   A  grindstone.   North. 
GRUNN  Y.    The  snout  of  a  hog.  East. 
GRUNSH.    To  scrunch.   Salop. 
GRUNT.    To  try,  or  endeavour.    West. 
GRUNTER.    A  pig,  or  hog.    Var.  dial 
GRUNTING-CHEAT.     A  pig.    An  old  cant 

term,  given  by  Dekker. 
GRUNTLE.  (1)  A  muzzle.    North. 
(2)  To  be  sulky.   "  To  powt,  krwre,  grwith,  or 

grow  sullen,"  Cotgrave. 
GRUNTLING.    A  pig. 

But  come,  my  gntnttinc,  when  thou  art  full  fed, 

Forth  to  the  butchers  stall  thou  must  be  led. 

A  Rook  for  Boy*  and  GL-ls,  1686,  p.  32, 
GKUP.    A  trench ;  a  groop,  q.  v.  East. 
GRUSLE.     Gristle.     Weber, 
6RUT.    Grit,  or  gravel    Medulla  MS.   Still  in 

use  in  Devon. 
GRUTCH.    To  grudge.    Also,  to  grumble,  See 

Baker's  Poems,  1697,  p.  78. 
G  R W  E  LL.   Gruel ;  any  kind  of  pappy  food.   See 

Reliq,  Atatiq.  i,  81. 


GRY.    To  have  a  slight  attach  of  the  ague. 

North. 

GRYDERN.    A  gridiron.    Peggp,  p.  98. 
GRYED.    Trembled ;  was  agitated. 
GRYFE.    To  grieve.    Ham  pole  MS. 
GRYFFE.     The  herb  draircm-wort. 
GRYLE,    Horribly.    See  Grille. 
GRYNGEN7.    Grind.    Kyng  Alis.  44*3. 
GRYNNIES.    Snares;  gins,   dpol  LvU* 
GRYNSTO^E.    A  grindstone.    Fr.  Part*. 
GRYNSTYNG.    Gnashing ;  grinding.    Bafor. 
GRYPPES.    Snatches ;  beizes. 

He  gryppet  hym  a  grtite  spcre,  mid  tirnytholy  hyme 

hittez 
Thurghe  the  guttez  into  the  gorre  he  Ryrilw  hyme 

ewyne.  Murte  Arthare,  MS.  UrtfQfnt  f,  W» 

GRYSE.  (1)  Grass,  Somerset. 

Some  als  gryse  and  treez  that  men*  ucse  spryng, 
Has  beyng  and  lifyng,  tot  na  felyng. 

MS.  Lincoln  A.  i.  17,  f.  1«9- 

(2)  To  be  frightened  or  terrified. 

Whon  the  comuynes  bljan  to  ryse, 
Was  non  so  grct  lord,  as  I  gesse, 
That  thei  in  herte  Dijon  tap-pse* 
And  leitie  her  joiyic  In  prt-sse. 

JW.V.  Vemvn>  Bodt,  Lib, 

GRYTHGIDE.   Troubled ;  vexed. 
Thane  syr  Gawayne  was  grevede,  and  ffrjlMffM*  Jftoll* 

sore, 
With  Galuthehisgudeswerdegryrnlye  he*tryke§. 

MorM  Aithur*,  MS.  Lineal*,  t.  80. 

GRYZE.  To  squeeze,  or  rub.  Also,,  to  wear  or 
annoy.  Jferef.  To  grind  between  the  teeth. 
Glouc.  Dean  Milles'  MS. 

GUAGE.    To  engage.    Palspravp. 

GUANO.  The  dung  of  sea-fowl,  found  in  large 
quantities  on  some  islands  on  the  coast  of 
Africa,  and  introduced  into  this  country  a  few 
years  ago  aa  a  valuable  species  of  manure. 
(Span.) 

GUARD.  (1)  A  posture  of  defence. 

(2)  Same  as  Garti,  q.  v. 

GUARISH.    To  heal,  or  cure.    $/w«w, 

GUARY-MIRACJLE.  A  miracle-play  formerly 
acted  in  Cornwall,  even  as  late  as  the  seven- 
teen century.  A  specimen  of  on«  from  the 
Harl.  MSS.  has  been  printed  by  Mr,  IHviw 
Gilbert.  In  the  following  passag^  the  terra 
seems  to  be  applied  to  the  recitation  or  singing 
of  a  romance. 

Thy*  ys  on  of  Bryuyne  l*y«, 
That  was  u*ed  by  okle  day**, 
Men  callyi  pluyn  th«  garj/e.  Rmtttf?  1058. 

GUB.  (1)  A  sum  of  money,    tine. 

(2)  A  pander,  or  go-between.   Htew. 

(3)  A  rough  round  stoae  that  will  not  lay  regular 
in  a  wall.     Qxon. 

GUBBARN.    A  foul,  filthy  place ;  a  glitter,  t»r 

drain.    Wilts. 

GUBBER.    Black  mud,    Sumx. 
GUBBER-TUSHED.    Said  of  a  pemm  wlmac 

teeth  project  irregularly, 
GUBBINGS. 

any  kind  of  fragments, 
GUBBINS.    AwUd8orto 

about  Dartmoor.    MUW  MS. 
GUBBLE-STOKE.    Same  u  ft**  ($). 


GUI 


423 


GUI 


GUBBY.    A  crowd.    Devon. 

GUBERNATION.  Rule;  government.  R.Glouc. 
j>.  583;  Hall,  Henry  V.f.  5. 

GUD.     Good.    Reliq.  Antiq.  i.  82. 

Om-DEVON.     Good  even.    Amadas,  110. 

(H'DDLE.    To  guzzle.    Somerset. 

Gt'DE.    To  assist ;  to  do  good.    East. 

(iKDGEN.  A  cutting  of  a  tree  or  plant  set  in 
the  ground.  West. 

GUDGEON.  (1)  To  swallow  a  gudgeon,  i.  e.  to 
he  caught  or  deceived,  to  be  made  a  fool  of. 
To  gape  for  gudgeons,  i.  e.  to  look  out  for  im- 
possibilities. A  gudgeon  was  also  a  term  for  a 
lie,  as  appears  from  Florio,p.  476  ;  and,  some- 
times, a  joke  or  taunt. 

(2)  The  large  pivot  of  the  axis  of  a  wheel.  Also, 
a  piece  of  \vood  used  for  roofing.  North. 

G U DG EONS.  The  rings  that  bear  up  the  rud- 
der of  a  ship.  Cotyrave. 

GUDGIL-HOLE.  A  place  containing  dung, 
water,  and  any  kind  of  filth.  West. 

GUDLY.    Courteous*    Gawayne. 

GUE.  A  rogue,  or  sharper.  It  occurs  in  the 
1(531  cd.  of  the  White  Devil.  See  Webster's 
Works,  i.  81. 

GUEDE.  A  mistake  in  Havelok  and  other 
works  for  Gnede,  q.  v. 

GUEOUT.  The  gout.  Also,  a  soft  damp  place 
in  a  field.  Chexk. 

Gl'EKDON.  Reward;  recompence.  Also,  to 
reward.  Gnwdonize  occurs  in  Dolarny's 
Priim'rosp,  4to.  1606. 

(M'ERDONLBS.    Without  reward.    (A.-N.} 

(U'KRR.    War.    State  Papers,  in.  141. 

GUKSS.  (1)  To  suppose,  or  believe.     Var.  dial. 

(2)  A  corruption  of  guests,  common  in  oar  old 
dramatists  and  early  writers. 

(3)  A  terra  applied  to  cows  when  they  are  dry  or 
barren.    Kent.    Guess-sheep,  barren  ewes. 

GUEST.    A  ghost,  or  spectre.    North.    Any 

person  is  called  a  guest  in  Craven. 
GUESTLIXGS.    the  name  of  certain  meetings 

held  at  the  Cinque  Ports. 
GUEST-MEAL.    A  dinner-party.   Line. 
G  U  ESTN I  NO.    A  hospitable  welcome  j  a  kind 

reception.    North. 
GUFF.   An  oaf,  or  fool.    Cumo. 
GUGAW.    A  tlute.   Prompt.  Paro.    This  term 

is  probably  connected  with  gew-gaw,  q.  v. 

Blount  has,  *•  Gugaw^  a  Jew's  harp,  or  trifle 

for  children  to  play  with/* 
GUGE.  To  judge.   This  form  occurs  in  Wright's 

Monastic  Letters,  p.  133* 
GUGGLE,  (1)  To  gargle.    Warw. 

(2)  To  gull,  or  cheat.   North. 

(3)  A  snail-shell,  or  a  snail  having  a  shell.  This 
singular  word  is  In  vety  common  use  in  Ox- 
fordshire and  adjoining  counties,  but  bas  never 
yet  found  a  place  in  ptxmweial  glossaries. 
Cochin  has  l>eem  suggested  to  me  as  itej«i>- 
bable  derivation. 

OUCiOLBR.    A  funnel    J$»t 

OU1DERS.    Thetettdcmt.    North. 

0U10BS,  The  guides  of  a  waggon  awtbearca 

of  circles  fastened  on   the  fore-axle  as  a 


bearing  for  the  bed  of  the  waggon  when  it 

locks.    Dorset  Gl. 

GUIDE-STOOP.    Aguide-post.    North. 
GUIDON.    A  kind  of  standard.   See  Holinshed, 

Hist.  England,!.  29. 
GUIDRESSE.    A  female  guide.   Nares. 
GUIE.   To  guide.    Fairfax. 
GUILE.    A  guile  of  liquor,  i.  e.  as  much  as  is 

brewed  at  once.    North. 
GUILERY.    Deceit.    Derb. 
GUILE-SHARES.    Cheating  shares.    Kent. 
GUIL-FAT.    A  wort-tub ;  the  tub  in  which  the 

liquor  ferments.     North. 
GUILL.    To  be  dazzled.     Chesh. 
GUILTY-CUPS.   Butter-cups.    Devon. 
GUIMAD.    A  fish  mentioned  by  Skinner  as 

caught  in  the  river  Dee. 
GUINEA-HEN.     An  ancient  cant  term  for  a 

prostitute.    See  Othello,  i.  3. 
GUINIVER.    Queen  to  King  Arthur,  famous  for 

her  gallantries  with  Launcelot  du  Lake,  and 

others.    Hence  the  name  was  frequently  ap- 
plied to  any  flighty  woman. 
GUIPON.    Thejupon,orpourpoint.    (A-N.) 
GUIRDING.    A  loud  crepitus  ventris. 
GUISE RS.    Mummers.   North. 

UISSETTES.    In  armour,  short  thigh  pieces. 

See  Hall,  Henry  IV.  f.  12. 
GUITONEN.    A  vagrant,  a  term  of  reproach. 

See  Middleton,  iv.  324. 
GUIZENED.  (1)  Leaky.    North. 
(2)  Strangely  and  carelessly  dressed,     tine. 
GUIZINNY.   Foolishly  dressed.  Line. 
GULARDOUS.    A  form  of  Goliards,  q.  v. 
A  mynstralle,  a  girtardMts, 
Come  onys  to  a  bysbhope-i  hous. 

MS,  Harl.  1701,  f.  31. 
And  therefore  I  waldc  that  them  war  warre  ;  for  I 

say  the  sykerly  that  It  es  a  foule  lychery  for  to  de- 

lyte  the  In  rymmea  and  alyke  ffitlyardjf. 

MS.  Linoftln  AJ.  1?,  f.  S04. 

GULCIL  (1)  To  swallow  greedily.  West.  Per- 
haps  connected  with  ffntoh,  wrongly  explained 
by  Nares.  A  gulch  is  a  great  fat  fellow,  as 
clearly  appears  from  Cotgrave,  in  V,  Bredaitter, 
Grand.  "  Stuftingly,  gulchingly,"  Florio,  p. 
65.  See  below  in  Gulchy. 

(2)  To  fall  heavily.    Var.  dial    Also  a  subst. 
A  plumpendicuiar  gulch  is  a  sudden,  awkward 
and  heavy  Ml.    West. 

GULCHY.  Coarsely  fat  Deton.  The  term 
occurs  in  Florio,  p.  132.  Also,  greedy  of  drink. 

GULDE.    Gold.    Ritxon. 

GULDER.  To  speak  loud  and  with  a  dissonaut 
voice.  Cumb. 

GULE.  (1)  To  laugh,  or  boast  Hertf.  Also*  to 
grin  or  sneer. 

<2)  Lammas  Day,  the  1st  ©f  Ao#ask 

(3)  Gluttony.  Nominate  MS. 

ThU  rloe,  whiche  so  oute  of  reule 
Hath  set  u*  alte,  i»  clepid  gule. 

Owfff,  MS  Soc.  Antiq.  134,  f.  176. 
GULES.  Eext   An  heraldic  term. 
GULF,   flie  stomach,  or  belly,    Middleton  hat 

the  tftm,  but  Mr.  Dyce,  iv.  35l,rea 
OULK.  To  gulp*  (Mr  s-waliow.    Devon, 


GUM 


424 


GUS 


GULL.  (1)  A  dupe,  or  fool.  Very  common  in 
the  old  dramatists. 

(2)  A  gosling.    Also,  the  bloom  of  the  willow  in 
spring-   South. 

(3)  To  sweep  away  by  the  force  of  running  water. 
Also,  a  breach  or  hole  so  made.   A  creek  of 
•water,  Harrison,  p.  59.    Gulled,  ib.  p.  114. 

(4)  A  kind  of  game.  Moor,  p.  238. 

($)  An  unfledged  bird.  North.  Wilbraham  says, 
p.  44,  that  all  nestling  birds  in  quite  an  un- 
fledged state  are  so  called  in  Cheshire.  "  As 
that  ungentle  gull,  the  cuckoo's  bird,"  1  Henry 
IV.  v.  1.  There  can,  I  presume,  be  no  doubt 
about  the  meaning  of  the  word  in  that  passage, 
and  the  reader  will  be  somewhat  amused  at 
Mr.  Knight's  note.  See  also  the  "  naked  gull" 
in  Timon,  ii.  1* 

(6)  To  guzzle,  or  drink  rapidly.  See  Stanihurst  s 
Ireland,  p.  16, 

(7)  A.  crown.   An  old  cant  term. 
GULLE.   Gay ;  fine.    A.-S.  gyl  ? 

The  Jewes  alle  of  that  gate 
Wex  all  fulle  guile  and  grene. 

MS.  HarL  419G,  f.  206. 

GULLERY*  Deceit.  "  Illusion,  a  mockerie,  or 
gullerie/'  Cotgram 

GULLET.  (1)  A  small  stream.  See  Harrison's 
Descr.  Britaine,  p.  50.  From  gull,  to  force 
as  water  does.  See  Gull  (3),  and  Harrison, 
ib.  p.  31.  The  term  occurs  sometimes  in  old 
documents  apparently  in  the  sense  of  por- 
tions or  parts. 

(2)  The  arch  of  a  bridge.    Devon. 

(3)Ajack,    North. 

GULLEY.    A  large  knife.    North. 

GULL-GROPERS.  Usurers  who  lend  money  to 
the  gamesters.  This  term  occurs  inDekker's 
Satiro-Mastix. 

GULLION.  (1)  The  cholic.   East. 

(2)  A  meaa  wietch,    North. 

GULLY.  (1)  A  ravine ;  a  small  gutter ;  a  ditch ; 
a  small  stream.  Var.  dial 

(2)  A  calf  s  pluck.    North. 

(3)  A  hand-barrow.    Devon. 

GULLYGUT.  A  glutton.  "  A  glutton,  a  gully- 
gut,  a  gormand,"  Florio,  p.  147.  See  also 
Baret,  1580,  G.  629. 

GULL  Y-HOLE.    The  mouth  of  a  drain,  sink,  or 

sewer.    Norf.    Florio,  p.  64,  has  gulfe-hole. 
GULLY-MOUTH,    A  small  pitcher.    Devon. 
GULLY-PIT.    A  whirlpool.    Devon. 
GULOSITY.  Greediness.  (Lai.)  See  Dial  Great. 

Moral,  p.  79. 

GULP.  The  young  of  any  animal  in  its  softest 
and  tenderest  state ;  a  very  diminutive  person. 
East. 

GULPH.    A  mow,  or  goaf,  q.  v.    Norf. 
GULSH.     Mud;  lees;  sediment;  any  uncleanly 

deposit.    East. 

GULSKY.    Corpulent  and  gross.   East. 
GULT.    Injured.    Will.  Werw. 
GUM.    Insolence.    Var.  dial 
"GUMBALDE.    Some  dish  in  cookery. 

Tartes  of  Turky,  taste  whane  theme  lykys, 
G*mbaldt>*  gfraythely  fullc  gracious  to  ta»te. 

Aloitfi  Arthurs,  MS.  t,ina>tn,  f.  «. 


GUMBLE.  To  fit  very  badly,  and  be  too  large, 
as  clothes.  Kent. 

GUMBLED.  Awaking  in  the  morning  the  eyes 
are  said  to  be^wwfef,  when  not  easily  opened. 
Moor,  p.  158.  "  Thy  eyes  are  gtwfd  with 
tears,"  Hawkins,  ii.  92.  "  Her  old  gumraie 
eyes,"  Two  Lancashire  Lovers,  16 10,  p.  121. 

GUMMED.  Velvet  and  taffata  were  sometimes 
stiffened  with  gum  to  make  them  look  shiny  or 
sit  better ;  but  the  consequence  was  that  the 
stuff,  being  thus  hardened,  quickly  rubbed  and 
fretted  itself  out.  SceNarcs.  "  Gumm'd  vel- 
vet," 1  Henry  IV*  ii.  2.  "  He  frets  like  gumm'd 
taffety,"  Ray's  Proverbs,  etl  1813,  p.  GO. 

GUMMY.   Thick;  swollen,   North. 

GUMP.   A  foolish  fellow.    South. 

GUMPTION.    Talent.    Var.  dial. 

GUMPY.   Very  lumpy.   Devon. 

GUMSHUS.   Quarrelsome.    East. 

GUN.  A  large  flagon  of  ale.  North.  Sou  of  a 
gun,  i.  e.  a  merry,  jovial,  drunken  fellow. 

GUNDE.  To  reduce  to  pieces.  It  occurs  in 
MS.  Cott.  Vespas.  D.  vii. 

GUNNER.  A  shooter,  Suffolk.  It  is  in  UbC  iu 
America. 

GUNNING-BOAT.  A  light  and  narrow  boat  iu 
which  the  fenmen  pursue  the  flocks  of  wUtl 
fowl  along  their  narrow  drains.  Also  called  a 
gunning-shout. 

GUNSTONE.  This  term  was  retained  for  a 
bullet,  after  the  introduction  of  iron  shot, 
Gonne-stone,  Palsgrave. 

GUODDED.    Spotted  j  stained.     tf >for. 

GUODE.    Good,   Amis  and  Am il.  26. 

GUP.  Go  up  1  Au  exclamation  addressed  to  a 
horse.  Var.  dial. 

GUR.  (1)  The  matter  of  metals  before  it  is  coa- 
gulated into  a  metallic  form.  Kennctt's  MS. 
Gloss.MS.Lansd.I033. 

(2)  Green,  as  a  vroond  is.   Line. 

GURDE.  (1)  Girt ;  girded,    Xfcffrn*. 

(2)  To  strike.    Also  the  part.  pa. 

Ryjtas  gryffcmes  on  grene  they  #««*«»  togotlur, 

Af.V.  Cott.  Cto%.  A.  ii.  f,  IU 
A,  corner  of  OtuwclwiwhcM 
He  gvrde  out  armddethe  fcldo.        Otuel,  p.  79- 

GURDS.  (1)  Fits;  starts.    Tarsia/. 

(2)  Eructations.   Somerset* 

GURGE.    A  gulf,  or  whirlpool,   (fat) 

GURGEON.   A  nondescript.    J.  Wight. 

GURGEONS.   Pollard  meal*   See  Harriwm,  j», 

168  ;  Ord.  and  Reg.  p.  60. 
GURGIPING.  Stuffed  up  and  stiff.    An  ancient 

term  in  hawking.   See  Gent.  Rt>o.  ii,  62. 
GURGY.  An  old  low  hedge.    Coniw. 
GURL.   TogtowL    Somerset. 
GURMOND.  A  glutton.  Nar&. 
GURNET.    A  gurnard.    We  have  ffur*adit  ia 

Ord,  and  Reg.  p»  449. 
GURRY-BUT-    A  dung.ale<%c,    Z?««w, 
GURT.   ShuBttl  oats.    Florio,  pp.  5, 67,  7& 
GURTE.   Strode*    Reliq.  Antiq.  ii.  8, 
GURTHELE.  A  girdle-    Cte*eer. 
GUSH.  (1)  A  gjwt  of  wiwt   &*t. 
(2)  To  scare  or  frighten, 


GWA 


425 


GYR 


BUSHILL.    A  gutter.    Kennett,  p.  42. 

GUSHMENT.    Terror;  fright.    Devon. 

GUSS.    A  girth.   Also,  to  girth.    West. 

GUSSCHELLE.  A  dish  in  ancient  cookery. 
See  MS.  Sloane  1201,  f.  48. 

GUSSETS.  Pieces  of  chain-mail,  cut  in  a  tri- 
angular lozenge  shape,  which  were  fixed  to  the 
liaustrnent  or  garment  under  the  armour  by 
means  of  arming-points.  Meyrich. 

GUSSOCK.  A  strong  and  sudden  gush  or  gust 
of  wind.  East* 

GUSS-WEBB.    A  woven  girdle.    Glouc. 

GUST.   To  taste.    Shak. 

CUSTARD.  The  great  bustard.  See  Holinshed, 
Chron.  Scotland,  p.  15. 

GUSTRILL.   A  nasty  gutter.    Wilts. 

GUT.  (1)  A  wide  ditch,  or  water-course  that 
empties  itself  into  the  sea ;  a  bay.  Kennett, 
MS.  Lansd.  1033. 

(2)  A  very  fat  man.    Var.  dial 

GUTBELL.    The  dinner  or  eating-bell. 

GUTH.   A  girth.    Salop. 

GUTLING.    A  glutton.    Craven. 

GUT-SCRAPER.  A  fiddler.    Var.  dial. 

GUTTED.    Begrimed.    Devon. 

GUTTER.  (1)  The  hollow  place  in  a  cross-bow 
in  which  the  arrow  was  laid. 

(2)  A  small  stream  of  water  deep  and  narrow. 
Yorteh. 

(3)  To  devour  greedily.    Devon. 
GUTTERS.    Little  streaks  in  the  beam  of  a 

hart's  head.    (Fr.) 

GUTTER-SLUSH.    Kennel  dirt.   East. 
GUTTER-TILES.    Convex  tiles  made  expressly 

for  drains  or  gutters. 
GUTTIDE.    Shrove-tide.    See  WUbraham,  p. 

44;  Middleton,  ii.  165. 
GUTTLE.    To  be  ravenous.    North. 
GUTTLE-HEAD.     A  forgetful,  careles3,  and 

thoughtless  person.    ( 'amb, 
GUTTONE.    To  gut  an  animal.    Pr.  Parv. 
GUWEORN.    Spurge.    MS.  Harl.  978. 
GUWLZ.    Marigolds.   This  form  is  from  Bat- 

chelor's  Orth.  Anal.  p.  134. 
GUY.    An  effigy  carried  about  by  boys  on  Nov. 

5th  to  represent  Guy  Fawkes.    Hence  applied 

to  any  strange-looking  individual. 
GUYDEHOME.     A  guidon,  q.  v.   This  form 

occurs  in  Hall,  Henry  VII.  f.  47. 
GUYED,  Guided;  directed.   (A.-N.) 
So  of  my  «shipg-*W«rf  i*  the  rothir. 
That  y  ne  may  «rre  for  wawe  ne  for  wymte* 

legate,  MS.  $<K.  Antiq.  134,  f.  1. 

GUYOUR.  A  guider,  or  leader-    Hearne. 

GUYTE.    A  guide.    Nominate  MS. 

GUYZARDS.  Men  in  disguise.  See  Dekker's, 
Knights  Conjuring,  p.  54,  repr. 

GUZZLE.  A  drain  or  ditch.  South.  Some- 
times, a  small  stream.  Catted  also  a  ffuzzen. 
**  Guzzen-dirt,  the  stinking  dirt  of  mad-pools 
in  summer,"  Milles  MS, 

Hid  $tt  all  one  thing  «a  If  he«  should  goe  about 
to  Jo»I«  ber  Into  wows  filthy  itlnkJng  #«*»/*  or 
ditch.  WhateleSi  Bride  Buth,  t«43,  p.  114. 

GWAIN.    Going, 


GWENDERS.   A  disagreeable  tingling  arising 

from  cold.    Cornw. 

GWETHALL.    Household  stuff.    Heref. 
GWINRIS.   Guides.    Wrter. 
GWODE.    A  goad.  Reliq.  Antiq.  i.  82. 
GWON.   Gone.   Stiliinuse. 
GWYLE.   A  gully,  or  ravine  ;  generally  applied 

to  wooded  ravines.    West. 
GY.    To  direct,  or  rule.    See  Gie. 

The  prosperity  of  thys  land  thus  they  gy, 
Forthewyth  togedere  al  to  the  daunce. 

MS.  Cantab.  Ff .  i.  6,  f.  135 

GYANE.     Gay?     -'Colours  gyane/7  Collier's 

Hist.  Dram.  Poet.  ii.  289. 
GYBE.    A  counterfeit  li cense  for  begging.    See 

the  Fraternitye  of  Vacabondes,  Lond.  1575. 
GYBONN.    Gilbert.    Pr.  Parv. 
GYDE.    A  guide.    See  Gid. 

And  I  shal  be  the  munkes^yrfff, 
With  themyght  of  mylde  Mary. 

MS.  Cantab.  Ff.  v.  48,  f.  128. 

GYDERESSE.    A  female  guide.     Chaucer. 
GYDERS.    Straps  to  draw  together  the  open 

parts  of  armour.    Arch.  xvii.  292. 
GYDLES.     Giddy.    Lydgate. 
GYE.  (1)  The  name  of  different  weeds  growing 

among  corn.    East. 
(2)  A  salt-water  ditch.   Somerset. 
GYFFENE.     Given.    Perceval,  206,  2150. 
GYGE.     To  creak.     Craven. 
GYLE.  (1)  Guile;  deceit.    Also,  to  deceive. 
Bot  ther  w,is  31 1  gon  a  gyle,     MS.  dahrtmltt  61,  f.  SI. 
He  seycle,  welcome  alle  same, 
He  lete  hymsolfe  tlu>n  bo  gulvd. 

JfS.  Ointab.  Ff.  ii.  38,  f.  78. 
Many  on  trowyn  on  here  wylys, 
And  many  tymes  the  pye  hem  #y/j/*. 

MS.  tlarl,  1701,  f  3. 

(2)  Wort.  Gyle-fable,  Unton  Invent,  p.  3,  the 
vessel  in  which  ale  is  worked,  now  nearly  ob- 
solete. Generally  spelt  go.il.  See  yykfatts^ 
in  a  note  in  Pr.  Parv.  p.  274.  Gylynghous, 
Finchale  Charters. 

GYLE-HATHER.  Is  he  that  will  stand  by  his 
master  when  he  is  at  dinner,  and  bid  him  eat 
no  raw  meat,  because  he  would  eat  it  himself. 
Frat.  of  Vacabondes,  1575. 

GYLKELABE.  A  dish  in  cookery  described  in 
MS.  Sloane  1201,  f.  53. 

GYLTED.    Gilt.    Palsgrave. 

GYME.    To  girn ;  to  grin.     North. 

GYMELOT.    A  gimlet.    Pr.  Parv. 

GYMMES.    Gems.    Kyng  Alisaunder,  3152. 

GYNFUL.  Full  of  tricks,  or  contrivances.  See 
Piers  Ploughman,  p.  186. 

GYOWNE.  Guy,  pr.  n.  See  Roquefort,  Sup- 
plementinv.  Guion. 

Dewke  Loyer,  ceyde  Oymme, 
Why  have  y«  do  thy»  tre»on  ? 

MS.  Cantab.  Ff.  ii.  38,  f.  182. 

GYP.    At  Cambridge,  a  college  servant  is  called 

a  gyp,  said  to  be  from  Gr.  yv^. 
GYRON.     A  kind  of  triangle.     An  heraldic 

term.    See  Te$t.  Vetus»t  p.  231. 
GYRSOM.    A  nne  or  composition  paid  before* 

hand.     Durham. 


HAD 


426 


HAG 


G7RTHE.    Protection;  peace.    (.-/.-.S.) 
If  thou  here  any  thondur 
In  the  moneth  of  December, 
We  shal  thorow  the  grace  of  oure  Lorde, 
Have  pee->  and  gyttfic  goode  aconlc 

MS.  Cantab.  Ff.  v.  4JJ,  f.  9 

GYST.  (1)  A  joist.    Palsgrave. 

(2)  Gettest.    Songs  and  Carols,  x. 

(3)  Juice  ?    Nominate  MS. 

Do  hytsfampe-and  take  godewyne, 
And  tateethe  gi/$t«  and  put  thcr>«, 
And  all  thattherof  drynke, 
They  schall  lerne  for  to  wynke. 

MS,  Cantab   Ff  ii.  38,  f.  111. 

(4)  Deed,  action,  or  adventure. 


We  wyll  telle  BUmche»flow«» 
Of  thy  $i/#?utf  and.  thyn  honowro. 

•ITS  ftjtrtafc.  Ff.  II   ;JH. 

GYTBLSCHEPPE.    Recklessness 

Wylland,  certes,  I  dyd  it  nojtf , 
Bot  for  gytelscheppe  of  thOKhu. 

JR.  rffl  Brwwn^,  AT.*?,  j^r/war,  p.  3* 
GYTHESE.     Guisft ;  fashion.     R.  d?  Hrunno, 
GYTRASH.    A  spirit,  or  ghobt.    t  Yawn. 
GYVE.  (1)  This  term  is  occasionally  used  at>  a 
\erbtto  keep  or  fetter, but  instaneebof  it  in  that 
sense  are  not  very  frequently  to  be  met  with. 
(2)  To  banter;  to  quiz.    JVVM. 
GYVES.    Fetters.    Oetovian,  222. 
GYWEL    A  jewel.    Hob.  Glo-ic.  p.  508. 


HA.    A  contraction  of  have.   Sometimes  to, 
or  hast.     Var.  dial 

HAA.     Azure.     Antura  of  Artlier,  p.  1. 
HAAFURES.    Fishermen's  lines.     Norlh. 
HAAL.    Whole,     Craven. 
HAAM.    Home.    North.    This  dialect  gene- 

rally changes  o  Into  aa> 

HA-APE.    To  stop  or  keep  hack.     Devon. 

HAS.    To  obtain  a  thing  by  hah  or  nab,  i.  e. 

by  fair  means  or  foul.    Had  or  nab  means 

properly,  rashly,  without  consideration,  "Shot 

nab  or  nah  at  randon,"    Holinshed,   Chron. 

Ireland,  p.  82.     See  Florio,  p.  48  j  Cotgrave 

in  v.  Conjee  furalement,  Perdu. 

H  ABADE.    Abode  ;  stopped  ;  waited. 

The  knyghte  no  Jengare  habads, 

Bot  on  his  waye  faste  herade. 

MS.  Lincoln.  A.I,  17,  f.  130. 

And  hymselfe  and  a  certane  of  menje  with  hym 

fiubade,  and  thare  he  garte  make  a  dtee,  and  called  it 

Alexander  after  his  awenne  name,          MS.  Ibid.  f.  4. 

HABBE.    Have;  hold.    (4.JS.) 
HABBETH.    Have.    Roh.  Glouc.  p.  9. 
HABENRIES.      Architectural   decorations  of 
some  kind,  but  the  exact  meaning  of  the  term 
does  not  appear  to  he  known,    It  occurs  in 
Chaucer,  some  copies  reading  barbicans. 
HABERDASHER.    A  schoolmaster.    North. 
HABERDINE.    Salted  cod.    In  an  old  register 
of  Bushey,  co.  Wilts,  it  is  stated  that  «  Mr. 
Gale  gave  a  Haberdine  fish,  and  half  a  peck 
of  blue  peas,  to  twenty  widows  and  widowers, 
once  a  year."     See  Reports  on  Charities,  xxv. 
330;  Tusscr,p.  6L 

HABERGEON,      A  breastplate,  generally  of 
mail  or  close  steel,  but  sometimes  of  leather. 
Thin  hnberwn  is  thy  body  fre, 
Thy  baner  is  the  rode  tre,    MS.  Mdit.  1  1307,  f.  65 
Scheme  fond  palfrey  and  sted, 
Helme,  habyi'iun,  and  odour  wed. 


IIA3ID.    To  abide  ;  to  wait  for.    See  the  se- 

cond example  in  v.  Verne. 
HABILITEE.    Ability.     Chamer. 
ttABILLIMENTS.    Borders,  as  of  gold,  pearl, 

&c.  in  ancient  dress. 

KABITACLE.  Adwelling,or  habitation.  (A.-N.} 
H  is  sometimes  applied  to  a  niche  for  a  statue. 
What  wondir  thanne  thouj  that  God  by  myracle 
Withixme  a  mayde  made  his  habitacle, 

,  MS.  floe.  Antlq.  134,  f.  3. 


IIABITE.    To  dwell.     Chaucer. 

HABITUDE.    Disposition.    Table  to  the  Aca- 
demy of  Complements,  12mo.  1640. 

HABLE.    A  sea-port,  or  haven.    (^,-Ar.) 

HABOT.    An  abbot.    Lydyate. 

Als  saynt  Ambrose  sayre.  and  wrctynp  it  *-a  bv  • 
haly  habot  that  hyghtc  Agathone,  that  thr*'  ^ere  h« 
bare  a  stane  in  his  mouthe  to  Icrc  Iiym  to  imhfc  hym 
stylle.  MS.  Lunro/n  A  i.  1?»  f  24»» 

HABUD.    Abided  ;  suffered. 

The  hol<S  cros  wyn  or  he  dye, 
That  Crist  h&bvd  on  good  Kryday. 


I1ABY. 


HABUNDT3.    To  abound.     Gowtr. 
HABURDJBPAYS.  Articles  of  merchandise  that 

are  sold  by  weight.    (A.-N.} 
HABURIONE.    Same  as  Habergeon,  q,  v. 
DIsdeyne  so  thyk  his  hafourton*  hath  mtyled 
Of  my  desirere  that  I  may  *e  ryth  now  the, 

M&  C*nM.  Ff.  i.  0,  f,  13. 

Same  as  Abie,  q.  v. 
Theknyghtcansuers  in  hy, 
He  salle  the  barganeA^y, 
That  did  me  this  volany, 

MS.  Lmnln  A*  i  17,  f.  132. 
FIAC.     But.     Hearne's  Rob.  Olouc.  p.05a- 
HAGUE.  (1)  Pain  j  fatigue,    ^^V.) 

(2)  Hatchet  ;  axe.     Meant?. 

(3)  A  rack  for  hay.    See  Hart. 

HACHED.  "  Clothe  of  silver  /wzMw?  nppon 
satyn  grounds,"  \VardrobcAcc.  Edw.  IV*  p. 
160.  The  editor  supposes  this  to  mean 
cloth  slightly  embroidered  witk  silver  on  a 
satin  ground. 

HACK.  (1)  A.  strong  pick-axe,  or  fu>e;  a  R>»t- 
tock  ;  a  spade.  Var.  dial  Sec  example  in  v, 


(2)  A  hatch,   or  half-door;  a  rack.      Norft 
Skinner  gives  it  as  a  Lincolnshire  wor<t 

(3)  To  stammer ;  to  cough  faintly  and  frequently 
to  labour  severely  and  indefatigably  j  to  ch»>p 
with  a  knife ;  to  break  the  doda  t>f  earth  after 
ploughing,     Var.  dial    It  occurs  m  the  first 
sense  in  Towneley  Myst.  p^.  HI,  H6. 

(4)  The  place  whereon  bricka  oewly  made  ar« 
aiTanged  to  dry.     Wwt* 

(5)  The  lights,  liver,  and  heart  ofaboaror*win«. 
Holrae,  1688. 

(6)  A  hard-working  man. 

(7)  ffacXutf,  to  imitate     ! 


HAG 


427 


HAG 


(8)  A  place  -where  a  hawk's  meat  was  placed. 

Gent.  Rec.  ii.  62. 
(9 "i  To  hop  on  one  leg.     West. 

(10)  To  chatter  with  cold.     Devon. 

(11)  A  hedge.     Line.    From  the  ,4. -S. 

(12)  To  win  everything.     Cumb. 
HACKANDE.  Annoying ;  troublesome.  (^.-£.) 
HACKBUSH.    A  heavy  hand-gun. 
HACKED.     Chopped,  or  chapped.     North. 
HACKENAIE.     An  ambling   horse,    or  pad. 

(//.-  V.)     See  Rom.  Rose,  1137. 

HACKER.  (1)  A  kind  of  axe.     West. 

(2)  To  stutter ;  to  stammer.  Hacker  and  stam- 
mer, to  prevaricate.  North. 

IIACK-HoOK.  A  crooked  bill  with  a  long 
handle  for  cutting  peas,  tares,  &c.  South. 

HACK  IE,     Same  as  Goff  (2). 

II  AC  1C  IN.  A  pudding  made  in  the  maw  of 
a  sheep  or  hog.  It  was  formerly  a  standard 
dWi  at  Chribtmas,  and  is  mentioned  by  N. 
Fairfax,  Bulk  and  Selvedge,  1674,  p.  159. 

HACKLE.  (1)  A  straw  cone  of  thatch  placed 
over  a  bee-hive.  South.  The  term  seems  to  be 
applied  to  any  conical  covering  of  hay  or  straw. 

(2)  To  shackle  beasts.    Suffolk. 

(,V)  To  dress ;  to  trim  np.     Yorkfik. 

(4)  Hair;  wool ;  feathers.     .AV/A. 

(5)  To  agree  together.    Somerset. 
(0)  The  mane  of  a  hog.     Wilts. 

(7)  An  instrument  with  iron  teeth  for  combing 

hfiup  or  flax.    North. 
(H)  To  dig  or  pull  np.    Line. 
(0)  To  make  hay  into  rows.    A  hackle  is  a  row 

of  new-made  hay.     O^on. 
(10)  A  stickleback.    Deron, 
HACKLED.    Peevish ;  crossgrained.    North. 
HACKLES.    The  long  pointed  feathers  on  a 

cock's  neck.    far.  dial. 
HACKMAL.    A  tomtit    Devon. 
HACKNEY.  (1)  A  Muldle-horse.     West. 
(2)  A  common  whore.    See  Cotgrave,  in  v.  Can- 

torwiffre,  Putain  ;  Howell,  sect,  xxii ;  Withals, 

ed.  1608,  p.  228.     Shakespeare  apparently 

uses  the  word  in  this  sense  in  Love's  Labours 

Lost,  iii.  1. 
HACKNEY-MAN.    A  person  who  let  out  horses 

for  hire.    Piers  Ploughman,  p.  96. 
HACKNEY-SADDLE.    A  riding  saddle. 
HACK-PUDDING.    A  mess  made  of  sheep's 

heart,  chopped  with  suet  and  sweet  fruits. 

The  people  used  to  breakfast  on  this  on 

Christmas-day  at  Whitbeck,  co,  Cumberland. 

See  Jefferson's  History  and  Antiquities  of 

Allerdale  Ward,  1842 ;  and  Hackin. 
HACKS.    Am,  or  hatchets.    Meyrick,  iii.  45. 
HACKSLAVER.    A  maty  slovenly  fellow,  both 

IB  words    and  action.     North.     Also,    to 

stammer,  or  stutter. 
HACKSTER.    An  hacknied  person* 
HACKSYLTRBSE.    Axle-tree*. 
HACKUM-PLACKUM.    Barter. 
HACKY.    Artfai;  witty. 
H ACOK Y.    A  hackney,  oar  whore. 

F«(Td  alia  abowt*  at  m  hacony  to  be  hyred. 

MS.  r,*i«f.4if;ft*f 


IIACQUETON.    Same  as  Acketoun,  q.  r. 

HAD.     Hold.     Also,  have.     North. 

HADDEN.    Pa.  t.  pi.  of  Have. 

IIADDER.  Heath,  or  ling.  North.  See  Ho- 
linshed,  Hist.  Scot.  p.  95. 

HADE.  (1)  In  mines,  the  underlay  or  inclination 
of  the  vein.  North. 

(2)  A  ridge  of  land.  This  term  occurs  in 
Drayton's  Polyolbion.  See  Nares. 

HADEN.     Ugly ;  untoward.     West. 

HADFASH.     Plague;  trouble.    North. 

HADING.    A  sloping  vein.     Derb. 

HAD-I-WIST.  That  is,  had  I  known  the  con- 
sequences,  a  common  exclamation  of  those 
who  repented  too  late.  See  dddiwissen ; 
Townelcy  Myst.  p.  100 ;  Florio,  p.  14.  "  Had 
I  wist  comes  .ever  to  late,"  Northern  Mothers 
Blessing,  1597. 

HAD  LEYS.  Hardly.  North.  It  is  occasion- 
ally pronounced  hadlins. 

HAD-LOONT-REAN.  The  gutter  or  division 
between  headlands  and  others.  North. 

HAET.  Has.  Frere  and  the  Boy,  st.  47.  Ex- 
plained  hot  by  Meriton. 

HAFE.    Heaved;  raised.    (^.-£) 
Jhesus  tho  hys  hande  up  liafe, 
And  hys  blessyng  hys  modur  gafe. 

3fS.  Cantab.  Ff.  ii.  38,  f.  35. 

HAFER.    To  stand  higgling.    Stiff. 

HAFEREN.    Unsettled ;  unsteady.    East. 

HAFFET.    The  forehead,  or  temples.    North. 

HAFFLE.  To  stammer  j  to  prevaricate ;  to  fal- 
ter. North.  It  seems  to  mean  in  Cotgrave, 
in  v.  Viedazer,  to  abuse,  or  make  a  fool  of. 

IIAFIR.  Oats.  It  is  the  translation  of  avena 
in  NominaleMS. 

HAFLES.    Wanting.    Towneley  Myst.  p.  152. 

HAFT.  Loose  in  the  haft,  i.  e.  not  quite  honest. 
See  Wright's  Pol.  Songs,  p.  359.  By  the 
haft,  a  common  oath. 

HAFTED.  A  cow  is  said  to  be  hafted,  when, 
from  long  retention  of  milk,  the  teats  have  b«- 
come  rigid  like  the  hafts  of  knives. 

H  AFTER.  A  wrangler ;  a  subtle  crafty  person. 
This  tenu  occurs  in  Hollyband^s  Dictionarie, 
1593;  DoctourDoubble  Ale,  n.d. 

lIAFfS.  Little  islands  or  rai&ed  banks  in  a 
pond  01  pool  for  ducks  or  other  water-fowl  to 
build  their  nests.  Staff. 

HAFVE.    Possess;  have.     (A.-S.) 

Wether  sa  it  be  kny  th  or  knave, 
My  luf  sal  he  ever  hafoe. 

Gy  of  WarwVte,  MMdiehiU  M£ 

HAG.  (1)  The  belly.    Nertouri* 

(2)  To  hew,  chop,  or  hack.     Var^dial 

(3)  Idle  disorder.    Somerset, 

(4)  A  certain  diviskm  of  wood  intended  to  be 
cut.    In  England,  rckea  a  set  of  workmen  un- 
dertake to  &l  a  wood,  they  divide  it  into 
equal  posrtpfcB*  by*  wtfcing  off  a  rod,  called  a 
hag»*tfi  %®**  of  four  feet  from  the  ground,- 
tomaxk  the  divisions,  each  of  which  is  caHed 
4  hag*  and  is  considered  the  portion  of  one 
individual    A  whole  fell  is  called  *flag.    The 
term  occurs  in  Cotgrave,  in  v.  fieffrader.    Thi 


HAG 


428 


HAK 


word  was  also  applied  to  a  small  wood  or  in- 
closure.  The  park  at  Auckland  Castle  was 
formerly  called  the  Hag.  Nares,  p.  220,  gives 
a  wrong  explanation. 

(5)  A  sink  or  mire  in.  mosses ,  any  broken  ground 
in  a  bog.    North.    See  Dugdale's  History  of 
Imbanking,  1662,  p.  292. 

(6)  A  white  mist;  phosphoric  light  at  night- 
time.   North* 

(7)  To  "haggle,  or  dispute      West. 

(8)  To  work  by  the  hag,  i.  e.  by  the  job,  not  by 
the  day.    North. 

(9)  A  witch,  or  fiend.    (A.-S.) 
HAGAGING.    Passionate.    Devon. 
HAGBERRY.    The  Prunus  padus,  a  shrub. 
HAGBUSH.     See   Hackbush.     "Caste   hag- 

bushes,"  Hall,  1548,  Henry  VIII.  f.  28.  It  is 
sometimes  spelt  haybut. 

HAG-CLOG.    A  chopping-block.    North. 

HAGE.    Ague  j  sickness.    Bearne. 

HAGGADAY.  A  kind  of  wooden  latch  for  a 
door.  Yorksh. 

HAG  GAGE.    A  sloven  or  slattern.    Devon. 

HAG  GAR.    Wild ;  untamed.     Yorfah. 

HAGGARD.  (1)  A  rick-yard.  West.  This  word 
occurs  in  HoHnshed,  Conq.  Ireland,  pp.  44: 
148,  and  also  in  Hall. 

(2)  A  wild  hawk  ;  one  that  has  preyed  for  her- 
self before  being  taken.  Metaphorically,  a 
loose  woman. 

HAGGAR-MAKER'S-SHOP.    A  public-house. 

RAGGED.    Tired;  fatigued.    North. 

HAGGENBAG.  Mutton  or  beef  baked  or  boiled 
in  pie-crust.  Cornw. 

HAGGER.    To  chatter  with  cold.     Wilts. 

H AGGIE.    To  argue.    Exmoor. 

HAGGIS.  The  entrails  of  a  sheep,  minced  with 
oatmeal,  and  boiled  in  the  stomach  or  paunch 
of  the  animal.  North.  To  cool  one's  haggis, 
to  beat  him  soundly.  See  FJorio,  p.  65  j  No- 
menclator,  p.  87. 

HAGGISH.  An  opprobrious  epithet  for  a  fe- 
male. North. 

HAGGISTER.  A  magpie.  Kent.  "  The  eat- 
ing of  a  haggister  or  pie  helpeth  one  be- 
witched," R.  Scot,  Discoverie  of  Witchcraft, 
p.  82.  See  MS.  Lansd.  1033. 

HAGGLE,  (1)  To  hail    North. 

(2)  To  cut  irregularly.    North. 

\$)  To  tease,  or  worry.    Oxon, 

HAGGLER.  The  upper-servant  of  a  farm.  /. 
Wight. 

HAGGLES.   Haws.    Milles'  MS.  Gloss. 

HAGGLE-TOOTHED.  Snaggle-toothed.  Devon. 

HAGGY,  Applied  to  the  broken  or  uneven  sur- 
face of  the  soil,  when  in  a  moist  state.  East. 

HAGH.    A  hedge.     (A.-S.) 

Heraud  looked  under  ay  hagh, 
Ay  fair  roayden  he  ther  sagh. 

GyofWarwifo,  MiddlehWMS, 

HAGHE.    Fear  j  tremor.    (A.-S.) 
HASHES,   Haws.    North. 
HiGHTENE.    The  eighth. 

Crete  dole  forsothe  it  es  to  telle, 
Oppone  the  httghtene  daye  byfellc. 

MS.  Lincoln  A,  L  J7,  f.  II W. 


HAGLER.    A  bungler.     Var.diaL 

HAGMALL.  A  woman  who  dresses  herself  in 
a  sluttish  manner.  Somerset. 

HAGRIDDEN.  Entangled.  Devon.  This  and 
some  few  other  terms  afford  curious  traces  of 
old  superstitions.  The  fairy-rings  are  termed 
hag-tracks  in  the  West  of  England. 

HAG-STAFF.     See  Hag  (4). 

HAG-THORN.    The  hawthorn.    Devon. 

HAGUE  S.    Haws.    Craven. 

HAG-WORM.    A  snake.    North. 

HA-HOUSE.    A  mansion.     North. 

HAID-CORN.  The  plants  of  wheat  in  winlt*-. 
Northumo. 

HAIE.    A  hedge.    Chaucer. 

HAIFER.    To  labour,  or  toiL    East. 

HAIGH.    To  have.    North. 

HAIHO.    The  woodpecker*  Salop. 

HAIKE.  An  exclamation,  generally  a  signal  of 
defiance.  North. 

HAIL.  ( 1)  Health.    Rob.  Glouc.  p.  118. 

(2)  Healthy.    "  Hail  and  clear  English,"  Nath, 
Fairfax,  Bulk  and  Selvedge,  1C  74. 

(3)  To  roar  or  cry.    Somerset, 
HAILE.    Hauled;  drawn.    Tusstr. 
HAIL-FELLOW.    An  expression  of  iutun&cy. 

To  be  hail  fellow  well  met  •with  every  o«e,  i*  e. 

to  mix  in  all  sorts  of  inferior  society. 
HAILS  EN.    To  salute  \  to  embrace.    (-*.-&> 
HAIL-SHOTS.    Small  shot  for  cannon.    Sec 

Florio,  p.  53;  Bourne's  Inventions,  1578. 
HA1N.  (1)  To  raise  or  heighten.  East, 
(2)  To  save  ;  to  preserve.    North.    Hence,  to 

exclude  cattle  from  a  field  so  that  grab**  may 

grow  for  hay. 
(3J  To  own,  or  possess.    Line. 

(4)  Malice;  hatred.    Chesh. 
HAINISH.     Unpleasant.    JEsse*. 
IIAIPS.    A  sloven.    Craven. 

HAIR.  Grain ;  texture ;  character.  This  fa  a 
common  word  in  old  plays.  A  quibble  o»  it 
seems  intended  in  Sir  Thomas  More,  p.  4$; 
Citye  Match,  1639,  p.  51.  Ayain&t  Me  hair, 
against  the  grain,  contrary  to  nature, 

IIAIRE.    Same  as  Hayrs,  q.  v. 

HAIREVE.    The  herb  cleaver.    Glove. 

HAIRY-LOCKED.    Having  side-lock*. 

IIAISH.    The  ash.    Reliq.  Antiq.  IL  82. 

HAISTER.    The  fire-place.    Saty. 

HAISTERT.    Hoisted  about.    Cttmh 

H  AIT.    Happy ;  joyful.    (J.-N.) 

HAITCH.    A  slight  shower. 

HAITCHY.    Misty;  cloudy, 

HAITHE.    To  heave  up.     (d.~N.) 

HAIT-WO.  Go  to  the  left !  A  word  of  com- 
mand to  horses  in  a  team.  A  harvest  song 
has  the  following  chorus,  "  With  A  hoit,  with 
a  ree,  with  a  w<v,  with  a  gee !"  The 
sion  is  very  ancient. 

HAKASING,    Tramping  about.    Line. 

HAKATONE.    Same  as  dckftwn,  <j.  v. 

Ascadart  ttnote  Gyonc 
Tb<Mt>*re  hawberke  and  k«Xfttt»tw. 
Jtf^Ca^^,  rf,  li. 

HAKCHYP.   A  hatchet.   /V. 


II A  L 


429 


HAL 


HAKE.  (1)  A  hook.  J ~ar.  dial.  The  draught" 
irons  of  a  plough  are  the  hakes. 

(2)  To  sneak,  or  loiter  about.   North.     Also,  to 
dally  wantonly. 

(3)  A  hand-gun.    Egerton  Papers,  p.  17- 

(4)  A  hawk.    Sir  Amadas,  55. 
HAKED.    A  large  pike.     Camlr. 

HAKEL.  See  Brait.  It  seems  to  mean  clothing, 
dreaSj  in  Warner,  p.  97. 

HAKERE.     A  quarter  of  corn. 

HAKERNES.     Acorns.    Will.  Werw.  p.  66. 

HAKKE.    To  follow,  or  run  after.     (4.-S.) 

HAKKER.  To  tremble  with  passion ;  to  chat- 
ter with  cold.  West. 

HAL  (1)  A  fool.    Yorksh* 

(2)  All ;  hold.     Hearne. 

(3)  Abbreviation  for  Henry.     Obsolete. 

HALA.     Bashful ;  modest.     Yorkuh. 

HALANTOW.  A  procession  which  used  to  sur- 
vey the  parish  bounds,  singing  a  song  with 
that  burden,  and  accompanied  with  ceremo- 
nies, somewhat  similar  to  the  Furry-day,  q.  v. 

HALCIIE.    To  loop,  or  fasten.     Qawayne. 

HALCIIOO.    Same  as  Hackle,  q.  v. 

HALDE.  Kept ;  held.    Also,  a  prison,  fortress, 

or  castle.    (^.-tf.) 
HALDEN.    Held.     Chaucer. 
H  ALDER.    A  plough  handle.    Line. 
HALE.  (1)  To  pull,  or  draw.     West.    See  the 

Assemble  of  Foules,  151 ;  Spanish  Tragedy,  ap. 

Hawkins,  ii.  122 ;  Harrison,  p.  202 ;  Marlowe, 

i.  156,  ii.  14  ;  Reliq.  Antiq.  i.  2 ;  Brit.  Bihl.  iv. 

93  ;  Stanihurst,  p.  11.    In  early  English  the 

word  is  applied  in  various  ways,  but  generally 

implying  rapid  movement. 
(2)  Health ;  safety.     Lydgate. 
h)  Whole ;  well ;  strong.    (  //.-£) 
^4)  An  iron  instrument  for  hanging  a  pot  over 

the  fire.    South. 

(5)  To  pour  out.    Dorset. 

(6)  Whole; all.    Sir  Perceval,  2029.   "The hale 
howndrethe,"  MS.  Morte  Arthurc. 

(7)  A  tent,  or  pavilion,    "  Hale  in  a  felde  for 
men,  trtf>*  Palsgrave.  Nares  misunderstands 
the  term.    "  Ta&ernaculum,  a  pavilion,  tente 
or  hale,"  Elyot,  1550. 

($}  To  vex,  or  trouble ;  to  worry.     Hall. 

(9;  To  procure  by  solicitation.     North. 

(10)  A  rake  with  strong  teeth  for  getting  loose 

pebbles  from  brooks.    Devon. 
H  ALE-BREDE.    A  lout ;  a  lubber. 
HALEGH.    A  saint.    (//.-$.)    This  occurs  in 

MS.  Colt.  Vespas.  D.  vii.  Ps.  14. 
HALBLELY.    "Wholly.    See  Minot,  p.  17. 

And  whetme  the  oatehad  herde  thire  wordcs,thay 
caramenadide  byra  katehly  with  a  voyce. 

MS.  Lincoln  A.  I.  J7i-  f-  1ft. 

HALEN.    To  fcawl,  or  take.     (A.-S.) 
HALES.    Plough-handles,    JUnc. 
HALESOME.    Wholesome ;  healthy. 
HALESTONE.    A  flint ;  a  fire-stone.    North. 
HALEWES.    Saints.    Keliq.  Antiq.  i.  38. 
HALEYARDS.    Halliards.    See  Eapbtnes  Gol- 
den Lega-ie,  ap.  Collier,  p.  109. 
HALF*    Half;  part;  side.    (^.-5.) 


HALF-BAKED.  Raw;  inexperienced;  half, 
silly.  Var.  dial. 

HALF-BORD.     Sixpence.    A  cant  term. 

HALF-CAPS.  Half-bows;  slight  salutation* 
with  the  cap.  Shaft. 

HALFENDELE.  Half;  the  half  part.  (4.-$., 
In  Somerset,  a  halfendeal  garment  is  one  com- 
posed  of  two  different  materials. 

He  schased  the  erle  in  a  while 
Mare  [then]  halfondele  a  myle. 

MS.  Lincoln  A.  i.  17,  f.  131, 

HALFERS.  An  exclamation  among  children 
which  entitles  the  utterer  to  half  of  anything 
found  by  his  companion,  unless  the  latter 
previously  says,  "  No  halfers,  findee  keepee, 
loosee  seekee,"  which  destroys  the  claim. 

HALF-FACED.  Showing  only  half  the  face, 
the  rest  being  concealed  by  a  muffler.  See 
the  Puritan,  quoted  by  Nares.  Also  said  of  a 
face  drawn  in  profile.  Half -faced  groat*  were 
those  which  had  the  king's  face  in  profile. 

HALF-HAMMER.  The  game  of  hop,  step, 
and  jump.  East. 

IIALF-KIRTLE.  The  common  dress  of  courte- 
sans. See  2  Henry  IV.  v.  4. 

HALFLY.     Half.    Halle's  Hist.  Ex.  p.  39. 

HALF-MARROW.  One'  of  two  boys  who  ma- 
nages a  tram.  North. 

HALF-MOON.    A  periwig.    DekJcer. 

HALF-NAMED.    Privately  baptized.     West. 

HALF-NOWT.    Half-price.    North. 

HALF-PACE.  A  raised  floor  or  platform.  See 
Ord.  and  Reg.  pp.  341,  356. 

HALFPENNY.  To  have  one  hand  on  a  half- 
penny, to  be  cautious,  prudent,  or  attentive  to 
one's  interests.  North. 

HALF-ROCKED.    Silly.     Var.  dial 

HALF-SAVED.  Half-witted.  Heref.  The  epi- 
thet half~strained  is  also  common. 

HALF-STREET.  A  place  in  Southwark,  for- 
merly noted  for  stews. 

HALFULDELE.    Same  as  Halfendek,  q.  v. 

HALIDOM.  Holiness ;  sanctity ;  the  sanctuary ; 
a  sacrament.  Formerly  a  common  oath. 
Minsheu  calls  it,  lt  an  old  word,  used  by  old 
countrywomen  by  manner  of  swearing."  * 

HALIE.    To  hawl ;  to  pull.    (A.-S.) 

HALIFAX-GIBBET.  An  instrument  of  execu- 
tion formerly  used  at  Halifax. 

HALIGH.  Holy.  This  word  occurs  in  MS. 
Cott.  Vespas.  D.  vii.  Ps.  4. 

HALING.    A  pulling.    Harrison,  p.  1 84. 

HALING-WHIP.    A  flexible  whip  or  rod. 

HALI-PALMER.    A  palmer-worm.     Went. 

HALIWEY.  The  balsam  tree.  See  a  list  of 
plants  in  MS.  Sloane  5,  f.  3.  •  The  term  was 
also  applied  to  any  remedy  against  sickness. 

HALK.    Futuo.    MS,  Ashmole  208. 

HALKE.    A  comer.    (A.-S.) 

And  aUo  thise  fake  erchedekene  that  aboute  th« 

cuntr6  walke, 
And  mayttteyneaa  falce  preesti*  in  every  hatite. 

MS  A«hnole  60,  f.  fl?. 

HALL.  (1)  A  trammel.    Suffolk. 
(2)  A  chief  house.    The  manor-house  in  many 
parishes  is  called  the  Hall. 


HAL 


430 


HAM 


(3)  A  halU  a  hall!    The  usual  exclamation  at 

ancient  masques,  &c.  to  make  room  for  the 

dancers  or  performers. 
HALLABALOO.    A  noise,  or  up  i  oar. 
HALLACKING-.      Idling;    feasting;    making 

merry.    HallacJes.    An  idle  fellow.    North. 
HALLAGE.    The  fee  or  toll  due  to  the  lord  of 

a  fair  or  market.     (Fr.) 
H  ALL  AN.      The  passage  or  space  between  the 

outer  and  inner  door  of  a  cottage  ;  the  parti- 

tion between    the  passage   and  the  room. 

Hallan-shaker,  an  impudent  presuming  beg- 

gar.   North. 

HALLANTIDE.    All  Saints'  day.     West 
HALLE.  (1)  Well;  healthy.     See  Ball  (2). 

(2)  A  dwelling,  or  habitation.    (^.-£) 

(3)  All.    Kyng  Alisauiider,  2327. 

(4)  A  plough-handle.     Devon. 
HALLE-E'EK.     All  Hallow  even.     North. 
HALLESYN.     To  kiss,  or  embrace.    Pr.  Parv. 
HALLIBASH.    A  great  blaze.    North. 

H  ALLIE  R.    A  student  in  a  hall  at  Oxford.   S  ee 

Harrison's  England,  p.  152. 
HALLING.  (1)  Trying  to  see  if  geese  or  ducks 

be  with  egg.    Devon. 
(2)  Tapestry.    See  Wartoo,  iL  377. 
HALLION.    A  reprobate,     borth. 
HALL-NIGHT.   Shrove  Tuesday  evening.    The 

previous   Sunday  is  sometimes  called  Hall- 

Sunday.    Devon. 

HALLO  WDAY.    A  holiday.    East. 
HALLOWMASS.     The  feast   of   All  Saints. 

Halowe  Thursdays,  Holy  Thursday. 

To  see  hys  nobulle  and  ryalle  arraye 
la  Rome  on  Halowe  Thursdays. 

MS.  Cantab.  Ff.  iL  38,  f.  242. 

HALLY.    Wholly,     Gower. 

Thane  they  holde  at  his  heste  Imlly  at  ones. 

MorteAtthwe,  MS.  Lincoln,  f.98. 
HALM.     Handle.     Gawayne. 
HALMOT-  COURT.     The  court  of  a  copyhold 
manor  ;  a  court  baron.     A  orth.   "  H  olden  his 
halymotes,"  i.  e.  his  courts,   Wright's  Pol. 
Songs,  p.  154. 
HALOGHE.     A  saint,  or  holy  one.     (yf.-5.) 

Thou  sal  noght  leve  my  saule  in  helle,  ne  thou  sail 
noght  gife  thi  halogM  to  se  corrupcloun. 

MS  Coll.  Eton  10,  f.  S3. 
Alle  thft  httlowes  that  are  in  hevene, 
And  angels  ma  than  manne  kanne  nevene. 

MS.  Lincoln  A.  i.  17,  f.  142. 

HALF  ACE.    A  raised  floor,  or  stage  j  the  dais 
of  a  hall.     It  is  spelt  hautepace  in  Hall, 
Henry  VIII.  f,  65  ;  Ord.  and  Reg.  p.  153. 
HALPE.    Helped.     Chaucer. 

He  hewe  on  ther  bodyes  bolde, 
Hys  hownde  halpe  hytn  at  nede. 

MS.  Cantab.  Ff.  H.  38,  f  .  73. 
HALPED.    Crippled.    L  Wight. 
HALPOWRTH.    A  halfpennyworth. 
HALS.    The  neck;  the  throat.    (A-S.) 

Foure  fendisse  heals, 
Hongyngfast  aboute  hir  hals. 


.  (1)  Hazel    Somerset. 
(2)  To  wtlute  j  to  embrace.    (4,-S.) 


HALSENY.   Guess  ;  conjecture.   Devon.   On*. 

rally,  an  evil  prediction. 
HALSFANG.    The  pillory.    Btount* 
HALSH.     To  tie  ;  to  fasten  ;  to  knot.    North* 
HALS-MAN.     An  executioner.     "The  hal»- 

man's   sword,"   Cleaveland  Revived,  1660, 

p.  75.    (^.-5.) 

HALSON.  (1)  Alvind  of  hard  wood, 
(2)  To  promise  or  bid  fair,  good,  or  bad;  to 

predict.    Devon. 
HALSTER.    He  who  draws  a  barge  alongside 

a  river  by  a  rope.    West. 
HALSUMLY.    Comfortably.     Gwapis. 
HALT.  (1)  A  shrub  ;  a  copse.    It  is»  the  trans- 

lation of  virffultum  in  Nominate  MS. 

(2)  Held  ;  kept.    Also,  holdetli. 

For  she  that  halt  his  Hf  &o  <lere 
HJs  modir  is,  withouten  were. 
Cursor  Mttndl,  MS.  Cull.  Tfi».  Otni&ti.  f.  53. 

(3)  A  strong  hamper,  such  as  is  used  with  a 
pack-saddle.    North. 

(4)  Animal  deposit.    Somerset. 

HALTE.     To  go  lamely.    (^.-*V«)    Also  an 

adjective,  lame. 

HALTEHPATH.    A  bridle-way.    Dorset. 
HALTERSACK.     A  term   of  reproach,  inti- 

mating that  a  person  is  fit  for  the  gallows. 

"  A  knavish  lad,  a  slie  wag,  a  hettterfapW 

Fiona,  p.  81. 

I1ALVANS.    Inferior  ore.    North. 
HALVENDBLE.     Same  as  tialfendele,  <j.  v. 


Her  ys  iheheili'ynd<tll(*f  our  ge,<t«; 
God  save  us,  rnest  and  leat. 

MS.4mndel,  Cult,  dnn.  S2,  f.  4. 
HAL  WE.    To  hallow,  or  consecrmo.    {A*-S,} 
HAL  WEN.  Saints.  Auchmleck  MS. 
HALWETHURS.    Holy  Thursday, 
HALWYS.     Sides.    Arch.  xxx.  408, 
HALY.    Hated.    Prompt.  Parv. 
HALZEN.    The  same  as  Halxon,  q,  v. 
HAL3EN.    Saints.    MS.  Arundd  57,  t  04. 
HAM.  (1)  Them.    Weber's  Met.  Rom. 
(2)  A  rich  level  pasture.     West.     A  plot  of 

ground  near  a  river. 
HAMBERWES.    Horse  collars.    Nominate  MS. 

Kennett  has  hamervughs. 
HAMBURGHES.    The  arm-holes,    line. 
HAMBYR.    A  hammer.    Pr,  Parv. 
HAMCH.    The  hip-joint    Nvrthumb* 
HAME.  (1)  Home.    Still  in  u»e. 
(2)  Skin.    Kyug  Alia&under,  391. 
HAMElu    To  walk  lame.    To  hamel  dogs,  to 

lame  them  by  cutting  their  hams  or  houghs. 

North.     See  Troilus  and  Creseide,  ii  964t 

"  o  fote  is  hameled  of  tby  sorowe." 
HAMELESSE.    Hamlets.    Ltngtoft,  p.  32L 
HAMELIN.    Limping;  walking  Tame.    jYorM, 
HAMES.    Pieces  of  wood  on  the  collar  of  (tb« 

horse  to  which  the  traces  are  fixed,   /  cr.  dial* 
HAM-FLEETS.     A  sort  of  cloth  bwkfm  to 

defend  the  legs  from  dirt.     Clow?, 
HAMIL.    A  handle.    Somerset. 
HAMINE.     To  aim  at  anything,  to  fait  it* 

Lydgate* 
HAMKIN.    A  pudding  made  upon 


HAN 


431 


HAN 


of  a  shoulder  of  mutton,  all  the  flesh  being 
first  taken  off.  Devon. 

HAMLEN.    To  tie,  or  attach.     (A.-S.) 

HAMLET.    A  high  constable.     Grose. 

HAMLING.  The  operation  of  cutting  the  balls 
out  of  the  feet  of  dogs. 

HAMMARTWARD.  Homeward.  See  the 
Chron.  Vilodun.  p.  96.  Hammard  occurs  in 
Sir  Degrevant,  1233. 

HAMMER.  To  stammer.  Also,  to  work  or 
labour,  Var.  dial.  The  hammer  of  death, 
i.  e.,  a  fist.  Hammer  and  pincers,  the  noise 
made  by  a  horse  when  he  strikes  the  hind- 
foot  against  the  fore-foot.  To  live  hammer 
and  tongs,  to  agree  very  badly. 

HAMMER-AXE.  An  instrument  having  a 
hammer  on  one  side  of  the  handle,  and  an  axe 
on  the  other.  North. 

HAMMER-DRESSED,  Said  of  stone  hewn 
with  a  pick,  or  pointed  hammer. 

HAMMER-SCAPPLE.    A  miser.    North. 

HAMMERWORT.     The  herb  pellitory. 

HAMMIL.    A  village ;  a  hovel.    North. 

HAMPER.    To  beat.    North 

HAMPER-CLOT.    A  ploughman.     North. 

HAMPERLEGGED.  Led  away  or  overborne 
by  another.  JVarw. 

HAMPERY.     Out  of  repair.    Kent. 

HAMPSHIRE-HOG.  A  derisive  name  for  a 
native  of  Hampshire. 

HAMRON.    The  hold  of  a  ship.  Blount. 

HAMS.    Breeches.    A  cant  term. 

HAM-SAM.     Irregularly.     Cumb. 

HAMSHACKLE.  To  fasten  the  head  of  an 
animal  to  one  of  its  forelegs. 

HAMSTICKS.  Part  of  the  harness  fixed  to  a 
horse's  collar.  North. 

HAM-TREES.    The  hames,  q.  v.     Devon. 

HAMUR.    A  hammer.    Pr.  Paro. 

HAMWARO.    Homewards,    ffearne. 

HAM  WOOD.  A  hoop  fixed  round  the  collar  of 
a  cart-horse,  to  which  the  chains  are  attached. 
South. 

HAN.  (1)  Hence.    Sevyn  Sages,  494. 

(2)  To  have.  Still  in  use  in  the  North  for  the 
pres.  plur. 

(3)«The  voice  wherewith  wood  cleavers  keep 
time  to  their  strokes. 

HANABOROUGH.  A  coarse  horse-collar,  made 
of  reed  or  straw.  Devon. 

HANAP.    A  cup.    Test.  Vetust.  p.  99. 

HANAPER.  A  hamper,  or  basket.  Hanaper 
Office,  where  the  writs  were  deposited  in  a 
basket,  and  still  so  called. 

HANBY.    Wanton ;  unruly.    North. 

HANCELED.    Cutoff,    Skinner, 

HANCE-POTTS.  In  t&e  inventory  of  Arch- 
bishop Parker's  plate,  Archaologia,  xxx.  25, 
is  "  y.  hance-pottsfwiikt  angeHs  wings  chased 
on  the  bellies,  withe  covers  annexed^  weyiage 

xluj.oM/' 

HANCLE.    A  great  many.    North. 
HANCUTCHER.    A  handkerchief.    North. 
HANt>.  (1)  At  any  hand,  at  any  rate,  at  all 

events.     To  mate  a  harid  on,  to  waste,  spoil, 


or  destroy.  To  le  on  the  mending  hand,  ta 
be  in  a  state  of  convalescence.  To  ham  the 
hand  in,  to  be  accustomed  to  business.  To 
swap  even  hands,  to  exchange  without  advan- 
tage. He's  any  hand  afore,  ready  and  pre- 
pared for  any  undertaking.  To  hand  with,  to 
cooperate  with. 

(2)  To  sign.    East.    My  own  hand  copy,  i.  e. 
my  autograph  copy. 

(3)  The  shoulder-joint  of  a  hog,  cut  without  the 
blade-bone.     Suf. 

(4)  A  bunch  of  radishes.    Camlr. 

(5)  Performance.    Also,  a  doer  or  workman  in 
any  business  or  work. 

HAND- BALL.  Stowe  mentions  a  custom  of 
playing  at  hand-ball  on  Easter-day  for  a  tansy- 
cake,  the  winning  of  which  depended  chiefly 
upon  swiftness  of  foot.  Survey  of  London, 
ed.  1720,  b.  i.  p.  251. 

And  belyfe  he  gerte  write  a  lettre,  and  sent  it  tille 
Alexander,  and  therwith  he  sent  hym  a  handballs 
and  other  certane  japez  in  scorne. 

MS.  Lincoln.  A.  1.  J7,  f.  7. 

HANDBAND.    Possession.    (A.-S.) 
HANDBEATING.    Cutting  off  the  turf  with  a 

beating  axe.    Devon. 

HANDBOW.   'The  long  or  common  bow. 
HAND-BREDE.    A  hand's  breadth.    (A.-S.} 
HAND-CANNON.    A  musket.    Hall 
HAND-CLOTH.    A  handkerchief.    Line. 
HAND-CLOUT.    A  towel.    North. 
HANDE.    Hanged? 

Alexander  gart  rayse  up  twa  pclers  of  marble,  and 

by-twixe  thame  he  harrfe  a  table  of  golde. 

SIS,  Lincoln  A.  i.  17,  f.  40. 

HANDECHAMP.    A  ruffle.    Craven. 

HANDELLu    A  fuller's  instrument.    Pegge. 

HANDER.     The  second  to  a  pugilist.   Line. 

HANDERHAMP.    A  ruffle.    Craven. 

HANDERSOME.    Handy?  medtflmg.   North. 

HANDEWARPS.  A  kind  of  cloth,  formerly 
much  made  in  Essex. 

HANDFAST.  Hold-,  custody;  confinement. 
Also,  connection  or  union  with.  SeeHolinshed, 
Chron.  Ireland,  pp.  6,  134.  The  custom  of 
handfasting,  or  contracting  for  marriage,  needs 
no  more  than  a  passing  observation. 

HANDFUL.  The  measure  of  a  hand,  or  four 
inches ;  a  span.  Blount. 

HANDGUN.   A  culverin.    Palsgrave. 

HAND  -  HO^EN  -  BREAD.  Oatmeal-bread, 
kneaded  very  stiff,  with  little  leaven,  Lane. 

HANDICAP.  A  kind  of  game,  mentioned  in 
Pepys*s  Diary. 

HAND-IN-AND-IIAND-OUT.  A  game  played 
in  the  following  raannej.  A  company  of 
young  people  arc  drawn  up  in  a  circle,  when 
one  of  them,  pitched  upon  by  lot,  walks 
round  the  band,  and,  if  a  boy,  hits  a  girl,  or  if 
a  girl,  she  strikes  a  boy  whom,  she  chooses, 
on  which  the  party  striking  and  the  party 
struck  ran  in  pursuit  of  eaco,  other,  till  the 
latter  is  wight,  whose  lot  it  then  becomes  to 
petfiwro  tBte  same  part.  A  game  so  called  waa 
forbidden  by  statute  of  Edw.  IV. 

HAND-IN-POST.   A  guide-post.     Owm. 


I1AN 


432 


HAN 


HANDLASS.  A  small  windlass ;  the  handle  of 
a  windlass.  West. 

HAND-LIME.     A  ciron,  or  hand-worm. 

HANDLOCKED.    Handcuffed.    Dekker. 

HAND-OUT.  Akind  of  game  mentioned  by  Sir 
John  Harrington. 

HAND-OVER-HEAD.  Thoughtlessly  extrava- 
gant ;  careless ;  at  random ;  plenty.  Hemp  is 
said  to  be  dressed  hand  over  head,  when  the 
coarse  part  is  not  separated  from  the  fine. 

HANDPAT.   Fluent.    See  Antpat. 

HAND-RUFF.    A  shirt  ruffle.    Ball 

HANDRtJNNING.   Continuously.   North. 

HAND  SMOOTH.  Quite  flat.  Forby  explains  it, 
uninterruptedly,  without  obstacle,  entirely.  It 
occurs  in  Palsgrave. 

HAND-SPIKE.  A  wooden  leaver,  shod  with 
iron.  Craven. 

HAND-STAFF.    The  handle  of  a  flail. 

HAND  STRIKE.  A  strong  piece  of  wood  used 
as  a  lever  to  a  windlass.  Far.  dial. 

HAND'S -TURN.    Assistance.    Var.  dial. 

HAND  SUM.    Dexterous ;  very  handy. 

HAND-TABLE.    A  table-book.    Pr.  Parv. 

HAND-WHILE.    A  moment ;  a  short  time. 

HAND-WOMAN.    A  midwife.  Devon. 

HAND-WRISTS.    The  wrists.    Somerset. 

HANDY.  (1)  Apiggin.    North. 

(2)  Ready ;  expert ;  clever.   Far.  dial. 

HANDTCUFFS.  Blows.  See  Yorkshire  Ale, 
p.  10  ;  Florio,  p.  20.  Handy-Mows,  Spanish 
Tragedy,  ap.  Hawkins,  ii.  9. 

HANDY-DANDY.  A  game  thus  played  by  two 
children.  One  puts  something  secretly,  as  a 
small  pebble,  into  one  hand,  and  with  clenched 
fists  he  whirls  his  hands  round  each  other, 
crying,  "  Handy- spandy,  Jack-a-dandy,  which 
good  hand  will  you  have  ?"  The  other  guesses 
or  touches  one ;  if  right,  he  wins  its  contents; 
if  wrong,  loses  an  equivalent.  This  game  is 
not  obsolete,  and  is  mentioned  in  Piers 
Ploughman,  p.  69  ;  King  Lear,  iv.  6 ;  Florio, 
p.  57.  "  The  play  called  handie  dandie,  or  the 
casting  or  pitching  of  the  barre,"  Nomen- 
clator,  p.  297,  which  seems  to  refer  to  another 
amusement. 

HANDYFAST.   Holding  fast.   Devon. 

HANDYGRIPES.  "  Alle  strttte,  at  grapling  or 
handygnpes,"  Florio,  ed.  161 1,  p.  20. 

HANE.  (1)  To  throw.   Devon. 

(2)  Protection ;  safeguard.   Line. 

HANG.  (1)  A  crop  of  fruit.  East. 

(2)  A  declivity.   East.  To  hang  out,  to  lean  over 
as  a  cliff  does. 

(3)  To  stick,  or  adhere.    West.    Also,  to  tie  or 
fasten.   Somerset. 

(4)  It's  hang  it  that  has  it,  there  is  little  or  no 
difference.    To  hang  out,  to  give  a  party.    To 
hang  an  arse,  to  hang  back  or  hesitate.    The 
last  phrase  occurs  in  Hudibras.    To  hang  the 
Kp,  to  pout,  to  look  sullen.     To  hang  in  the 
fatt-ropes,  to  be  asked  in  church  and  then 
defer  the  marriage.    To  hang  in  one1*  hair,  to 
frCOld  or  abuse. 

HANGBY.    A  hanger-on  *,  a  dependent. 


HANGE.    The  lights,  heart,  and  liter, 

of  an  animal.    West. 
HANGEDLY.    Reluctantly.    North* 
HANGE  N.    Same  as  Hang  (2). 
HANGER.  (1)  A  pot-hook.    Var.  dial. 

(2)  The  fringed  loop  or  strap  appended  to  the 
girdle,  in  which  the  dagger  or  small  sword 
usually  hung. 

Mens  swords  in  hangers  hang  fast  by  their  »lde, 
Their  stirrops  hang  when  as  they  u?e  to  title. 

Tttylw'*  W-VSrs,  1630,  ii.  W 

(3)  A  hanging  wood  on  the  declivity  of  a  hill 
South. 

HANGBKEL.  Same  as  Gambrel,  q.  v. 
HANGER-ON.    A  dependent,  far.  dial, 
HANG-GALLOWS.  A  villain  ;  a  fellow  who  de- 

serves the  gallows.    Var.  dial. 
HANGING.   Tapestry.    See  Warton,  ii.  429 

Taylor's  Workes,  1630,  ii.  133. 
HANGING-LEVEL.    A  regular  level  or  plain 

an  inclined  plane.  East. 
HANGING-MONTH.   November.    I'ar.  dial. 
HANGING-SIDE.    The  higher  side  of  a  vein 

that  is  not  perpendicular. 
HANGING-WALL.    The  wall  or  side  over  tho 

regular  vein.    Derbysh. 
HANG-IT.   A  common  exclamation  of  disap- 

pointment or  contempt.    Var.  dial, 
HANGLES.    The  iron  moveable  crook,  com- 

posed of  teeth,  and  suspended  over  the  fire  for 

culinary  purposes.  North. 
HANGMAN.  A  term  of  endearment.  Hey  wood's 

Edward  IV.  p.  82. 
HANGMAN'S-WAGES.    Thirteen  pence  half- 

penny.   See  Grose. 
HANGMENT.  (1)  To  play  the  hangment,  I  e, 

to  be  much  enraged.    North. 
(2)  Hanging*,  suspension.  Pr.Parv. 
HANGNAILS.    Small  pieces  of  partially  sepa- 

rated skin  about  the  roots  of  the  finger-nails. 

Var.  dial. 

HANGNAT10N.    Very  ;  extreme.  Ea*t. 
HANG-SLEEVE.  A  dangler.  Suffolk. 
HAKG-  SUCH,  Same  as  Jfemff-galtowf,  q.  v, 
H^NGULHOOK.  A  fish-hook. 

The  fisahere  hath  lo*t  hit  fangutktxt*,          * 


HANK.  (1)  To  hanker  after.  North. 

(2)  A  skein  of  thread,  or  worsted  ;  a  rope  or 
latch  for  fastening  a  gate.   HenceT  to  fasten. 
To  keep  a  good  hank  upon  your  horse,  to  have 
a  good  hold  of  the  reins.    The  rope  that  goes 
over  the  saddle  of  the  thill-horse  is  termed 
the  thill-hanks.    To  make  a  ravelled  hank,  tr* 
put  anything  into  confusion.   To  have  *  bank 
on  another,  to  have  him  entangled.    To  cticb 
a  hank  on  one,  to  take  advantage  of  or  be 
revenged  on  him. 

(3)  A  habit,  or  practice.  North. 

(4)  A  body,  or  assemblage,   Warw. 

(5)  A  handle.  Somerset. 

(6)  An  ox  rendered  furious  by  barbarao*  treat 
ment.  MiddL 

HANKETCUEE.  A  handkerchief  ,  &*/* 


IIAN 


433 


HAR 


H  ANKLE.  To  entangle,  or  twist.  North. 

HANKTELO.  A  silly  fellow.  South. 

HANNA.   Have  not.    Var.  dial 

HANNIEL.  A  bad  fellow.  North.  Skeltonhas 
haynyarde,  i.  282. 

HANNIER.  A  teasing  person.    Yorksh. 

HANNIKIN-BOB  Y.   An  old  English  dance. 

HANS.   Quantity  ;  multitude.    Hall. 

HANSE.  (1)  The  upper  part  of  a  door  frame. 
"  Antlantes,  ymages  of  antique  sette  over 
doores  in  the  corners  of  an  haunce,"  Elyot, 
1559.  "  The  haunse,  or  lintell  of  a  doore," 
Cotgrave,  in  v.  CZaveau;  "the  haunse  of  a 
dore,  un  dessus  de  ported  Florio,  p.  507, 
apparently  makes  it  synonymous  with  thresh- 
old, and  early  scientific  writers  use  it  occa- 
sionally for  the  spring  of  an  arch. 

(2)  To  enhance,  exalt.    Chester  Plays,  i.  168. 

HANSEL.  A  gift,  reward,  or  bribe.  SeeReynard 
the  Foxe,  p.  146  ;  Depos.  Ric.  II.  p.  30 ;  Piers 
Ploughman,  p.  96.  It  is  a  new  year's  gift,  an 
earnest  or  earnest  penny,  any  gift  or  purchase 
at  a  particular  time  or  season ;  also,  the  first 
use  of  anything.  The  first  money  received  in 
the  morning  for  the  sale  of  goods  is  the  han- 
sel, and  it  is  accounted  fortunate  to  be  the 
purchaser.  Hansel-Monday  is  the  first  Mon-  j 
day  in  the  year,  when  it  is  usual  to  make  pre-  { 
sents  to  children  and  servants.  "  To  hansel ! 
our  sharp  blades/'  to  use  them  for  the  first 
time,  Sir  John  Oldcastle,  p.  29.  In  Beves  of 
Hamtoun,  p.  113,  it  means  the  first  action. 
"In  the  way  of  good  hansell,  de  bonne  erre" 
Palsgrave.  In  the  Vale  of  Blackmore,  a  pre- 
sent to  a  young  woman  at  her  wedding  is 
called  a  good  handsel.  The  first  purchaser  in 
a  shop  newly  opened  hansek  it,  as  the  first 
purchaser  of  the  day  does  a  market.  "  The 
first  bridall  banket  after  the  wedding  daye,  the 
good  handzell  feast,"  Nomendator,  p.  80; 
"  Gossips  feasts,  as  they  tearme  them,  good 
handsel  feasts,"  Withals,  ed.  1608,  p.  291. 
«  Handselled,  that  hath  the  handsell  or  first 
tuse  of,"  Cotgrave,  in  v.  EstreinG.  "Haffe 
hansell  for  the  mar,"  Robin  Hood,  i  87. 
Prom  the  following  very  curious  passage,  it 
appears  the  writer  disbelieved  the  common 
superstition  respecting  the  good  fortune  of  the 
hansel,  or  hancel. 

Of  hancel  y  can  no  sky  lie  also, 
Hyt  y*  nouift  to  beleve  thnrto  j 
Me  thynketh  hyt  ys  fat*  every  deyl, 
Y  beleve  hyt  001*51,  me  never  *hal  weyL 
For  many  havyn  glad  hanctl  at  themorw, 
And  to  hem  or  evyn  cometh  niochyl  sorw. 

JC&  Karl.  1701,  f.  3. 
Therfore  thou  haste  f*ble  harwU, 
And  watte  betyde  the  schalL 

MS-  Cantab.  Ff.  iL  38,  f.  110. 

HANSEL1NE.  A  kind  of  short  jacket,  men- 
tioned by  Chaucer. 

HANS-EN-KELDER.  A  Dutch  phrase,  mean- 
iag/ocyt  lit  the  cellar,  but  formerly  applied 
jocularly  to  an  unborn  infant. 

HAKT.   Hare  not,   Par.  dial. 


HANTETH.  Frequenteth ;  maketh  much  use  of 

Hearne. 

HANTICK.    Mad;  cracked.  Exmoor. 
BANTINGS.    The  handles  which  fix  on  to  the 

sneed  of  a  scythe.  North. 
HANTLE.    A  handful ;  much ;  many ;  a  great 

quantity.    Far.  dial. 
HANTY.    Wanton ;  restive.   North. 
HANYLONS.    The  wiles  of  a  fox.    See  Piers 

•Ploughman,  p.  181. 

HAP.  (1)  To  wrap  up ;  to  clothe.  Hence,  cover- 
ing. Still  in  use. 

The  scheperde  keppid  his  staf  ful  warme, 
And  happid  it  ever  undur  his  harme. 

2MB.  Cantab,  Ff.  v.  48,  f.53. 

(2)  Chance;  fortune.     (4.-S.) 

He  sendyth  yowrys  bothe  hap  andhele, 
And  for  yow  dyed  my  dere  sone  dere. 

MS.  Cantab.  Ff.  H.  38,  f.  48. 

(3)  To  encourage  or  set  on.    North. 
HAP-HARLOT.    A  coarse  coverlet.  JBaret  says, 

"  a  course  covering  made  of  divers  shreds." 
Upton,  MS.  additions  to  Junius,  gives  a 
strange  etymology, — "Hapharlet,  or  close 
coverlet,  etym.  q.  d.  a  harlot  by  hap  to  keep 
one  warm." 

HAPNEDE.  Happened;  chanced.  "Us  es 
fulle  hapnede,"  MS.  Morte  Arthure.  "  It  hap- 
peneth  me  well,  whiclie  sayeing  we  use  whan 
of  a  good  dede  good  and  welthe  hath  foloweth, 
ilmeprent  Men,"  Palsgrave. 

HAPNY.    A  halfpenny.    West. 

HAPPA.    "What  think  you  ?    North. 

HAPPE.  To  happen.    Chaucer. 

HAPPEN.    Perhaps ;  possibly.  North. 

HAPPEN-ON.   To  meet  with.    Line. 

HAPPER.    To  crackle ;  to  patter.    West. 

HAPPILY.    Haply.    Cotgrave. 

HAPPING.  A  coarse  coverlet.  Also,  any  kind 
of  covering.  North.  See  the  Test.  Vetusta, 
p.  454,  a  will  dated  1503. 

HAPPY.  (1)  Rich.    Ben  Jonson,  ii.  404. 

(2)  Happy  go  litcky,  any  thing  done  at  a  ven- 
ture. Happy  man  be  his  dole,  may  happiness 
be  his  lot.  North. 

HAPPYLYCHE.  Perhaps.  See  an  early  glosa 
in  MS.  Egerton  829,  f.  78. 

HAPS.  (1)  A  hasp.    Var.dial, 

(2)  The  lower  part  of  a  half-door.  Devon. 

HAPT.    Happed,  or  wrapped  up.    Leland. 

HAQUE.  A  hand-gun,  about  three-quarters  of 
a  yard  long.  Haquebut,  an  arquebus. 

HAR.  (1)  Hair.   Kyng  Alisaunder,  5025. 
}  Their.    Ritson. 

)  The  hole  in  a  stone  on  which  the  spindle  of 
a  door  or  gate  rests.  Durh.  The  h&r-tree  is 
the  head  of  the  gate  in  which  the  foot  or  bot- 
tom of  the  spindle  is  placed, 

'4)  Higher.   Mrtfam&. 

5)  A  drizzling  tain*  or  fog.   North. 

HARA-GEO^SI.    Violent;  stern  v  severe. 
HoweDe  and  Hardelfe,  happy  in  armez, 
8k  Heryllc  and  ilr  Herygalle,    thise  harageowo 
kny^httes.          Morte  Arthur*,  MS.  Lincoln,  f.  ?1 . 
Stravre  be  be  never  so  harrageoiut, 

Oecteve,  MS.  S-c.  Antiq.  134,  L  381. 
28 


HAR 


434 


HAR 


HARAS.  A  stud  of  horses  ;  a  stable.  "  Equi- 
ctom,  a  tares,"  Nominate  MS.  Cf.  Depos. 
Ric.lt.  p.  15. 

than  lopen  about  fcem  the  LotnbarB, 
As  wicked  coltes  out  of  haras. 

Gy  of  W-arwlke*  p.  205. 

HARBEGIERS.    Persons  whose  duty  it  was  to 
provide  lodgings  for  the  king,  or  their  masters. 
fr«rte«A«r*;  Hall,  Henry  VIII.  f.  36,  is  appa- 
rently the  same  word. 
HA&BENYOWRE.    A  lodging. 

Nowe  ys  he  corae  -with  gret  lionowre 
To  Rome  to  ftya  harbenvowrs. 

MS.  Cantab.  Ff.  ii.  38,  f.  152. 

HARBER,   The  horn-beam.  East. 
HARBERGAGE.    Enn  ;  lodging. 

Hyes  to  tie  hastefgag*  thare  the  fcyog  hovya. 

Morte  Aithwe,  3f&.  JJineoIn,  f.79. 

HARBINGERS.   See  flar&effiers. 

HARBOHOUS.   Hospitable.    Coverdak. 

HARBORROW.  Lodging  ;  protection.  Also,  to 
lodge  in  an  inn.  Lydgate. 

HARBOUR.    The  term  applied  to 

of  the  hart  or  hind.  SeeTwici,p.27.  The  man 
who  held  the  lymer  was  called  the  haroourer, 
and  his  business  "was  to  go  out  early  in  the 
morning  on  his  ring-walks,  and  find  by  his 
hound  where  a  hart  or  other  beast  had  gone 
into  the  wood  from  his  pasture.  He  then  fol- 
lowed the  scent  till  he  thought  he  was  near 
the  lair,  and  having  taken  some  of  the  freshest 
fewmets  he  could  find,  went  to  the  place  of 
meeting.  This  was  called  harbouring  the 
hart.  See  also  the  Gent.  Rec, 

HARBROUGHE.  Harbour  ;  lodging.  We  have 
also  karburgwye,  and  other  fortns. 

HARBURGEN.    See  Habergeon. 

HARD.  (1  )  Sour,  said  of  ale.   Var.  dial 

(2)  Hard  of  hearing,  deaf.     Hard  and  sharp, 
scarcely,  cruelly,  harshly.    Hard  Md  on,  very 
ill.   Hard-set,  scarcely  able  ;  very  obstinate. 

(3)  Hardy  ;  strong.    South. 

(4)  Full  grown.    Somerset. 

(5)  Miserly  ;  covetous  ;  very  mean.  North. 

(6)  Half  tipsy.     YorJcsh. 

(7)  Sharp  ;  grievous  ;  hardship  ;  'sorrowful  ;  ter- 
rible ;  great  \  hard.    'Bearne.    Als^  danger. 

(9)  A  hurdle.    Nominate  MS. 

(10)  A  small  marble,  Somerset. 
HARDAUNT.    Courageous.     Lyagate, 
HARDBEAM.     Same  as  ffarber,  'q.  v, 

mentioned  in  Harrison,  $.  212. 
HARD-BT,    Terynear.     Var.  dial 
HARD-CORN.    Wheat  and  rye.    North. 
HARDE,    To  make  hard.    (-*.-&) 
HARDEL.    The  back  of  'the  hand. 
HARDELY.    Boldly;  certainly.     (^.^.) 
And  hartfty,  aungel,  trust  therto,. 
For  dough  ties  it  sbal  be  do. 

MS,  Coll.  Trin.  Dubl.  Dr 

HARDEN.  (!)  To  air  clothes.    Salop. 

(2)  To  grow  dear.    North.    "  At  the  hardest/' 

er  niost,  HarrisoBt,  p  145* 
(3^  Strong  or  coarse  ^lotk.    Line. 
{ty  Hmp.    Yorkshiw  Bt&L  1697.     "  Stupa,  a 

hardes,"  J^omiaale  MS.    See  Hards. 


It  U 


HARDHEAD.    Hardihood.     ir>#/. 
HARDHEADS.    Knapweed.    Norfk.  Also  the 

same  game  as  Cocks  (2). 
HARD-HOLD.    A  stiff  dispute.    Ha& 
HARD  HOW.    Tho  plant  marigold. 
HARDIESSE.    Boldness.    (A-.V.) 

And  for  to  lokon.  overmore* 

It  hath  and  schatlc  ben  evermore 

That  of  knyjthode  the  prowcsw 

Is  grounded  upon  A«rrf»«r«w. 

Gowr,  MS.  Sw*  Antlq,  134,  f.  I  i». 

HARDIMENT.      Courage;    acts  of   courage. 

Carew's  Tasso,  4to.  1594. 
HARDING.    Hardening.    (A.-S.) 
HARD4RON.    Corn  crowfoot.    North. 
HARD1SHREW.    A  field-mouse,   Steff.   Also 

called  the  hardistraw. 
HARDLE.  (1)  To  entangle.    Vortet. 
(2)  A  hurdle.    Harrison,  p.  184. 
HARDLEYS.   Scarcely ;  hturdly.  North.  Some* 

times,  hardlings. 
HARDMEAT.    Com.    Kenneth 
HARDMEN.    Men  who,  by  eating  a  certain 

herb,  became  impervious  to  shot,  except  th« 

shot  was  made  of  silver. 
HARDNESS.    Cruelty;  seventy.  (A.-N.) 
HARDON.    Heard.    Heamt. 
HARDS.  (1)  Coarse  flax;  the  refuse  of  flax  or 

hemp.    "  Qrettes  de  Un,  the  hards  or  tow  of 

flax,"  €otgra-ve.    Also,  small  pieces  of  coarse 

linen  matted  together,  with  which  mattresses 

are  staffed.    See  Harden. 
(2)  Very  hird  cinders.    JSast 
HARD-THISTLE.    Serratuk  arnnsts.    £a»t. 
HARD-WOOD-TREES.     Trees    that  change 

their  leaves  annually.    North. 
HARDWORKEN.    Industrious.     We*t. 
HARDYEr    To  encourage,  embolden.    (^.-A'.) 
HARDlSSEDE.  Encouraged.  lfarfy#ty>  hardi- 
ness, boldness.    Mearne. 
HARE.  (1)  Hoary.     Perceval,  230,  257,  300, 

1 78*0, 2190, 2200. 
(2)  To  harry,  harass,  or  score.    Hence  we  may 

perhaps  hove  harum  wantm. 
(3}  A  misft,  or  thick  fog;.    North. 
f  4)  Her  j  she.    Mxmoor. 
(5)  Their.    Octovian,  1092. 
HARE-BRAINED.    Giddy ;  thoughtt«»8, 
HARECOPPE.    A  bastard. 

plained  by  Nares,  in  v. 
HARENESSE.    Hairiness. 
HARE-NUT.    Anearthnut. 
HAREOBJB.    A  herald.    See  Sharp's  Cowntry 

Mysteries-,  p.  121. 

HARE^PIPJE.    A  snsre  for  hare*.    Ste  ihe  ex- 
ample given  under  Go-l/et 
HARES-EYE,    The  mid  oaw^ti. 
HARE'S-FOOT.    To  kiss  the  tofc'sf***,  i,  «•*, 

*to  be  too  late  for  anything. 
HARE-SUPPER,    the  harvest-hamo, 
HARE  WE,     A  harrow, 

harrowed,  Nominate  M& 
HAREVEN.    Arrows    Boh.  Ciwao.  p.  3JM, 
HARGUEB  USIJBH     A  «oldiw  wt»  «u«etl  a 

harquebus.    Cafynoft. 
HARIE.  (1)  To  hurry. 


HAR 


435 


HAR 


(2)  Devastation.    Langtoft,  p.  157, 
HARIFF.    Catch-weed,    North. 
HARINGE.    A  kind  of  serpent. 
HARK.    To  guess  at.     Yorfcsh.    Hark-ye-but, 

i.  e.  do  but  hear  1 

HAUL.  (1)  A  mist  or  fog.     North. 
(2)  To  entangle  ;  to  confuse,     Var.  dial, 
HARLAS.    Harmless.    Chron.  Vil.  p.  5. 
HARLE.  (1)  Hair,  or  wool.    North. 

(2)  Three  hounds.    Oxon.    This  corresponds  to 
a  leash  of  greyhounds. 

(3)  To  cut  a  slit  in  the  one  of  the  hinder  legs  of 
an  animal  for  the  purpose  of  suspending  it. 

HARLED.     Mottled,  as  cattle.     North. 
HARLEDE.    Drove  ;  hurled.    See  Rob.  Glouc. 
p.  487;  St.  Brandan,  p.  11. 

And  ha>  leden  heom  out  of  the  londe, 
And  with  tormens  manie  huy  slowe. 

4fS.  Laud.  108,  f  .  166. 

11ARLINGS,    The  hocks  of  a  horse. 
HARLOCK.    Supposed  to  mean  the  charlock, 

in  Drayton  and  Shakespeare. 
HARLOT.     A  term  originally  applied  to  a  low 
depraved  class  of  society,  the  ribalds,  and 
having  no  relation  to  sex,    (A.-N.) 
S'alle  never  harlott  have  happe,  thorowe  helpeof  my 

lorde, 

To  kylle  a  crownde  kyng  -with  krysome  enoynttede. 
Morte  Artlvtxre,  MS.  Lincoln,  f,  79. 
HARLOTRY.    Ribaldry.    (4.-N.) 
HARLS.    The  earnest,  or  token.    (4.-S.) 

Bettor  it  ware  to  hyme  that  he  ware  unborne, 
than  lyfe  withowttene  grace,  for  grace  es  harts  of 
that  laatand  joyc  thit  is  to  come. 

MS,  Lincoln  ^  1.  17,  f.  243. 

HARUYCHE.    Early,    "  Harlyche  and  latte," 

Wright's  Seven  Sages,  p.  21. 
HARM.    A  contagious  disease.    West. 
HARMAN-BECK.   A  constable.  Harmans,  the 

stocks*    Old  cant  terms, 
HARMLES.    Without  araa*.    Hearne. 
HARMS.    To  mimic.     Yorfah. 
HARN.    Coarse  linen.    North. 
HARNEIS,    Amour;  furniture.    (^.-M) 
HARNEISE.    To  dress  ;  to  put  on  armour. 
HARNEN.    Made  of  horn.     Wilts. 
HARNES.    The  brains.    North. 

And  of  hys  hede  he  brake  the  bone, 
The  home*  lay  uppon  the  «tone. 


Tfe*  clensynge  place  of  the  hert  la  under  the 
arrow;  the  clensyng  place  of  the  lyver  is  bytwyx 
the  thee  and  the  body  ;  and  the  clensyng  place  of 
the  httrnw  e*  under  the  ere* 

MS.  Lincoln  A.  I.  17,  f.  301. 

HARNESS.  (1)  Aay  kind  of  implement  or  ma- 
chine. Wett.  Also  as  Hornets,  q.  v.  Har- 
ness-horse,,  a  horse  protected  by  -armour. 
"  Harnes-maxL,  armiffene"  Palsgrave. 

(2)  Temper  }  humour.    South. 

HARNISH.    Tohawifiss.    8atop. 

HARK-PAN.  mieskdl.  North.  "Owwwrn, 
aharopaBe,"  NemiitakMS. 

HARNSBY.    ATieacoa.   SWKJ«  karm 
lank  And  lean.    East. 

HARD.   The  ancient  Noraam  turn  an#  cry  /  the 
o£  a  person  to  $wcvo#  as«istance 


when  his  person  or  property  was  in  danger. 
To  cry  out  haro  on  any  one,  to  denounce  his 
evil  doings.  Harott  alarome,  an  exclama- 
tion of  astonishment  and  alarm,  mentioned 
by  Palsgrave. 
HAROFE.  Catch-weed.  See  Hariff. 

Tak  wormod,  or  haiofe,  or  wodebynde,  and 
stampe  it,  and  wrynge  owt  the  jeuse,  and  do  it  lewke 
in  thyne  ere.  MS.  Lincoln  A.  i,  17,  f.  283. 

HAROOD.    A  herald.    Torrent,  p.  72. 
HARO  WES-    Arrows.     Somerset. 

So  they  schett  with  Jim  owes  small, 
And  sett  laddurs  to  the  walle. 

MS.  Cantab.  Ft.  ii.  38,  f.  I6L 
HARP.    To  grumble.    Northumb. 
HARPER.    An  Irish  shilling,  which,  bore  the 
figure  of  a  harp,  and  was  in  reality  only  worth 
ninepence.     Ben  Jonson,  vii.  404. 
Although  such  musique  some  a  shilling  cost, 
Yet  is  it  worth  but  nine-pence  at  the  most. 

Barnfield's  Lad}/  Pecvnia,  1598. 

HARPERS-CORD.    A  harpsichord. 

HARPOUR.    A  harper.     Chaucer. 

HARP-SHILLING.    Same  as  Harper,  q.  v. 

The  haberdashers  by  natural  operation  of  thJ» 
comet  are  fortunate,  for  olde  feattesnew  trinid  shall 
not  last  long,  and  harpe  shillings  shall  npt  passe  for 
twelvepence.  —  Fearefult  and  Lamentft^le  JEffhcts  qf 
Two  dangerous  Comets,  1591. 

HARPY.    A  species  of  hawk.  Gent,  Rec. 
HARR.    To  snarl  angrily.    North. 
H  ARRAS.    The  harvest.     West. 
HARRE.  (1)  Higher.    Chester  Plays,  i.  134. 

(2)  The  back  upright  timber  of  a  gate,  by  which 
it  is  hung  to  its  post.    Nomenclator,  1580. 

(3)  Out  of  harre,  out  of  order.    See  Jamieson, 
Herre,  MS.  Bodl.  294. 

The!  asken  all  judgemedt 

Aycne  the  man,  and  make  hym  warre, 

Ther  while  himself  e  stant  out  of  harre, 

Gower,  ed.1564,  f,3. 

HARREN.    Made  of  hair.    East. 

HARRER.   Quicker.  An  esclanoaticn  to  a  hotae 

in  Towneley  Mysteries,  p.  9. 
HARREST-DAM.    Harvest-home,    Yorteh. 
HARRIAGE.    Confusion.    East. 
HARRIDAN.    A  haggard  old  woman  $  a  mise- 

rable, worn-out  harlot.     Orose. 
HARRIDGE.    The  straight  edge  of  a  ruler,  or 

any  other  thing.     Yorfoh. 
HARRIMAN.    A  lizard.    Sahp. 
HARRINGTON.    A  farthing,  so  called  because 

Lord  Harrington  obtained  from  James  I.  a 

patent  for  making  brass  farthings.    Drunken 

parnaby  says, 

Thence  to  Harrington  be  fcopefcea, 
For  name-sake  I  gave  »  token 
To  a  beggar  that  did  praye  it. 

HARRISH.    Harsh.   &ee  Nares,  i»  v. 
HAKROT.    A  herald.    Ben  J«asou,  1  $S. 


(I)  Same  as  ffaro,  q.  v. 

pieces;  t^distoa<^j  the«ame  as 
Hence  the  title  of  -tlie  piece,  tlir 
in  HarL  MSS. 


HAH 


436 


HAS 


^8)  To  fatigue  greatly.   Line. 

HARROW-BALL.  The  frame  of  a  harrow,  with- 
out  the  spikes.  Lino. 

HARKCTWER.    A  kind  of  kaxvk.  Blame. 

HARRS.  Hinges  of  a  door.  North.  The  two 
ends  of  a  gate  are  so  called.  See  Harre. 

HARRY.  (1)  To  spoil,  or  plunder ;  to  vex ;  to 
torment ;  to  impose  upon ;  to  drag  by  force  or 
violence.  (A.-S.} 

(2\  A  tude  clown.    Craven. 

HARRY-BANNINGS.    Sticklebacks.    North. 

HARRY-GAUD.    A  low  person.    North. 

HARRY-GROATS.  Groats  coined  m  Henry 
YIIL's  time,  of  which  there  were  several 
kinds;  but  the  term  was  sometimes  applied  to 
a  peculiar  impression.  "  Spurroyals,  Harry- 
groats,  or  such  odde  coine,"  Citie  Match, 
p.  14.  See  atao  Nares. 

HARRY-LION.  A  horse-godmother.  See  the 
Christmas  Prince,  ed.  1816,  p.  33, 

HARRY-LONG-LEGS.    See  Harvest-man. 

HARRY-RACKET.  A  game  played  somewhat 
similarly  to  Hide  and  Seek. 

HARSKE.    Dry  \  astringent.    Pr.Parv. 

HARSLET.  A  pig's  chitterlings.  "  A  haggise,  a 
chltterling,  a  hog's  harslet,"  Nomen.  p.  87- 

HARSTAKE.   The  hearthstone.   North. 

HARSTOW.    Hearestthou?   (^.-£) 

HART.  (1)  Heard.    Towneley  Myst.  p.  274. 

(2)  A  haft  j  a  handle.   Somerset. 

HART-CLAVER.    Themelilot.    North. 

HARTICHALKS.    Artichokes.   Devon. 

HARTMANS.    The  stocks.    DekJcer. 

HART-OP-GREECE.  Or  hart  of  grease,  a  fat 
hart ;  a  capon  of  grease,  a  fat  capon,  £c.  See 
Robin  Hood,  ii.  59, 

HART-OF-TEN.  A  hart  that  has  ten  or  eleven 
croches  to  his  horns.  See  Ben  Jonson's 
Works,  vi.  254. 

HARTREE.    A  gate-post    South. 

HART-ROYAL.  A  hart  that  escapes  after  hav- 
ing been  pursued  by  royalty  -was  ever  after- 
.warda  termed  a  hart-royal ;  and  if  the  king  or 
queen  make  proclamation  for  his  safe  return, 
he  was  then  called  a  hart  royal  proclaimed. 

HART'S-EYE.    Wild  ditany.   Topsett. 

HARTYKYN.  A  term  of  endearment.  Pals- 
grave's Acolastus,  1540. 

HARUM-SCARUM.  Very  giddy;  thoughtless. 
Mtmw,  harm,  Havelot,  1983. 

HARVE.    A  haw.   Forth  Essex. 

JfcI,4JRVf!ST-BEEB:.  A  tern  applied  to  any  kind 
,pf  meat  eaten  in  harvest.  Norf. 

HARVEST-CART.  Men  -employed  in  carting 
corn  are  said  to  be  at  harvest  cart. 

HARVEST-GOOSE.  -See  Arvyst-go*. 

HARVEST-LADY.  The  secor*d  reaper  in  a 
row,  the  first  and  principal  reaper,  whose 
motions  regulate  those  of  his  followers,  being 
called  the  harvest-lord.  The  second  reaper  is 
also  called  the  harvest-queen. 

HARVEST-MAN.    The  cranefiy.    Far.  dial 

HARVEST-&OW.   The  shrew  mouse.     Wilts. 

HAR"W1RE.  One  who  vexes,  torments,  or 
planners.  Cov,  Myst.  p,  160,  I 


HAS.  (1)  An  elliptical  expression  for  he  has,  nat 

unusual  in  old  poetry. 
(2)  Haste.   Sir  Perceval,  487. 
&ASARDOUR.    A  gamester.    (,/.-X)   Hence 

hasarttrie,  gaming.    "  Alialcr^  a  haserder, ' 

Nominate  MS. 

H AS- ARME  S .    See  Jf$~arnie8. 
HASCHE.    Aslies.   Translated  by  ctni*  in  MS. 

Lansd.  560,  f.  45. 
HASE,  (1)  A  hog's  haslet    Norf. 
(2   Hoarse.  See  Gloss,  to  Ritson'a  Met.  Rom. 
(3   As.  AntTirs  of  Arthur,  p.  9. 
(4)  Small  rain,  or  mist ;  a  fog.    JW/A, 
(5   To  breathe  short.  Line. 
(6  To  beat;  to  thrash;  to  rub.  North. 
HASELRYS.  A  hade-bush.    (A-S.) 
HASH.  (1)  A  sloven  j  one  who  talks  hash,  or 

nonsense.   North. 
(2)  Harsh;  unpleasant ;  rough ;  severe ;  quick. 

Var.  dial. 
HASK.   (1)    Rough;  parched;  stiff;  coarse; 

harsh ;  dry.    North. 
(2)  A  fish-basket,    Spenser. 
HASKERDE.   A  rough  fellow.  Dekk+r.  Callod 

in  the  North  ha&pert.    "Vikne  hastarddih, 

Percy's  Rel.  p.  25. 

HASLE-OIL.  A  severe  beating.  Fan  dirt. 
HASLET.   Same  as  Harslet,  <j.  v. 
HASP.  The  iron  catch  of  a  door  which  falls  into 

a  loop.    Hence,  to  fasten.  See  Gesta  Romano* 

rum,  p.  464. 
HASPAT.    A  youth  between  a  man  and  a  boy. 

Also  called  a  kaspenald. 
HASPIN.    An  idle  fellow-  North. 
HASPINFULL.  AhandfuL    Notts, 
HASSELL.    An  instrument  formerly  used  for 

breaking  flax  and  hemp. 
HASSEN.  Asses.  Rob.  Glow. 
HASSOCK.  A  reed,  or  rush ;  a  tuft  of  rushes,  or 

coarse  grass.   North.  See  Harrison's  England, 

pp.  213,  236.   A  basket  made  of  hassocks  was 

called  a  hassock. 

,vnd  chat  Aowocfo  should  be  gotten  tn  ibe  fen,  and 

laid  at  the  foot  of  the  *akl  banX  in  wsrertl  pl*c0* 

where  need  required.     Dugda-le'*  Tmtanftfnjv  p.  3S*. 

HASSOCK-HEAD.   A  bushy  entangled  hetd  of 

coarse  hair.    East. 
HASTE.    To  roast.    Hence,  perhaps,  hasting 

apples,  or  pears.  West. 

H ASTJBLBT  YS,    Part  of  the  inward*  of  a  wild 
boar.    Keliq.  Antiq,  i.  154,  There  were  seve- 
ral dishes  in  cookery  «o  called. 
Scho  f«ch«d*  of  the  kytchyne 
Hflrtttete*  in  ptlentyne, 
Th«  tchuldir  of  th«  wyld  i wyne* 

MS.  Liuwtn  A,  1.  J7»  f.  13*. 

HASTELICHE.  Hastily  j  quickly ;  *ud4<m!y» 

HASTER.  (1)  A  surfeit.   North. 

(2)  A  tin  meat-screen,  to  reflect  the  hetfc  while 
the  operation  of  roasting  is  going  on,  Hal- 
lamsh.  Gloss,  p.  48.  **  Hastier^  that  roatythe 
mete,"  Pr.  Parv.  p,  229,  These  term*  may  fc« 
connected  with  each  other. 

HASTERY.    Boasted  meat.    Lydgate. 

HASTIF.    Hasty-    Ch#*cer. 

HASTIFLICH&    Hwtily, 


HAT 


437 


HAU 


HASTILOKEST.    Most  quickly,  or  hastily. 
HASTILY.     Impatiently.     Hall. 
HASTING-HARNESS.    Armour  used  at  a  has- 

tilude,  or  spear  play. 

HASTINGS.     A  variety  of  peas.     Suffolk. 
HASTITE.     Haste;  rapidity.    (^.-A1.) 
Then  coom  a  doom  in  hastitt, 
To  hem  that  longe  had  spared  be. 

Cursor  Mundi,  MS.  Coll.  Tnn.  €untab.  f.  19: 

HASTIVENESSE.    Rashness;  pride-.    (A.-N.) 
HASTLER.     Same  as  dchelor,  q.  v. 
HASTNER.     Same  as  Haster  (2). 
HASTYBERE.    A  kind  of  corn,  explained  by 

trimemis  in  Pr.  Parv.  p.  228. 
HASTY-PODDISH.    A  hasty  pudding.    It  is 

made  \vith  milk  and  flour.     North. 
HASTYVYTE.     Hastiness  ;  rashness.     (A.-N.) 
Vengeaunce  and  wrathe  in  an  haatyvytt, 
Wythan  unstedefast  speryte  of  indyscrecioun. 

MS.  Cantab.  Ff.  i.  6,  f.  137- 

HAT.  (1)  Hot.    KyngAlisaunder,  3270. 

(2)  Is  called.    (A.-S.) 

Hat  not  thy  fadur  Hochon, 
Also  have  thou  blisse  ? 

XS.  Cantab.  Ff.  v.  48,  f.  48. 

(3)  Prset.  of  hit.     Var.  dial 

(4;  Ordered  ;  commanded.  Ritson.  It  is  a 
subst.  in  Wright's  Pol.  Songs,  p.  158. 

(5)  Heated,  as  hay  or  corn.     North. 

HATBAT.    The  common  bat.     West. 

HAT-BRUARTS.     Hat-brims.    North. 

HATCH.  (1)  To  inlay,  as  with  silver,  &c.  ;  to 
engrave.  A  sword  gilt,  or  ornamented,  was 
said  to  be  hatched.  Hence,  generally,  to 
adorn  or  beautify. 

(2)  To  stain,  smear,  or  colour.     "  Unhatch'd 
rapier,"  Twelfth  Night,  iii.  4. 

(3)  A  wicket,  or  half-door.     Var.  dial   To  leap 
the  hatch,  to  run  away. 

(4)  To  fasten.    /  'ar.  dial. 
HATCHES.    A  dish  of  minced  meat. 
HATCHES.    Dams,  or  mounds.     Cornw. 
HATCHET-FACED.    Lean  and  furrowed  by 

deep  lines.    Devon. 
HATCHMENTS.     The  different  ornaments  on 

a  sword,  &c.    Holme,  1688. 
HATE.    To  be  named.    (A.-S.) 
HATEFUL.    Full  of  hatred.    (A.-S.) 
HATERE.  (1)  Hotter.    (A*-S.) 
That  ncde  of  a  drope  of  water* 
Thare  he  brenned,  neverc  thynge 


(2)  Dress;  clothing.    (A.-S.) 

Sche  strypyd  of  hur  hater  et 

And  wytcfae  tour  body  in  clewe  wmtere. 

MS.  Cantab.  Ff.  IS.  38,  f.  33. 

HATEREDYNB.    Hatred,   (A.-S.) 

Ane  e»  hateredyne  to  cpefce,  or  here  oghte  be 
ipokene,  that  may  *owr*e  uutogude  to  thayra  that 
thuy  hate.  MA  Uneoln  A.  i.  17,  f.  »8. 

HATEREL.    The  crown  of  the  hM<i 

Al»o  fro  theAo*«rff/of  thecroun 
To  the  tole  of  th«  foot  Uier  doun, 

MS.  AthmtJt  41,  f.  17. 

HATBRING.    Dresdttg  ;  atfcim    -U~&) 


Mekely  hym  auswerc  and  noght  to  haterlynge, 
And  so  thou  schalt  slake  his  mode,  and  behisdcr- 
lynge.  The  Gvode  Wtf  thought  Mr  Daughter. 

HATE-SPOT.    The  ermine.     Topsell 
HATHE.  (1)   To  be  in  a  hathe,  to  be  matted 

closely  together.    West. 
(2)  A  trap-door  in  a  ship.    Howell,  1660, 
HATHELEST.    Most  noble.     (^.-S.) 

I  am  comyne  fra  the  conquerour  curtaise  and 

gentille, 
As  one  of  the  Jiathelett  of  Arthur  knvghtcs. 

Morte  Arthur?,  MS.  Line  In,  f  64. 

HATHELL.     A  nobleman,   or  knight.     See 

Wright's  Lyric  Poetry,  p.  33. 
HATHENNES.     Heathendom.    (^.-Ar.) 
HATHEK.     Heath,  or  ling,     North. 
HATIE.     Haughtiness.    Hearne. 
HATIEN.    To  hate.     (A.-S.) 
HATKIN.    A  finger-stall.   Suffolk. 
HATOUS.    Hateful.    Hardyng,  f;  52. 
HATREN.     Garments ;  clothes..    (A.-S.) 
Bt'fy!  hyt  so  ui)0na  day 
That  pore  men  sate  yn  the  way, 
And  spred  here  hatren  on  here  barme, 
Ajeiii)  the  sonue  that  was  war  me. 

MS.  Hart.  1 701,  f- 37. 

HATREX.    Hatred.    Langtoft,  p.  124. 
HATS-OF-E STATE.    Caps  of  dignity,  used  at 

coronations,  and  in  processions. 
HATTENE.    Called ;  named.    (A.-S.) 

The  secunde  dedely  synne  es  hattcne  envy;  that 
es,  -a  sorowe  and  a  syte  of  the  welefare,  and  u  joy  of 
the  evylle  fare  of  oure  evenecristene. 

MS.  Lincoln  A.  i.  17,  f.  218. 
HATTER.  (1)  To  entangle.     North. 
(2)  To  expose  to  danger ;  to  weary  out ;  to  wear 

out ;  to  harass,  or  trouble. 
HATTEROL.    The  same  as  Haterel,  q.  v. 
HATTERS.    Spiders?    Pakgrave. 
HATTIL.    A  thumb-stall    Derb. 
HATTLE.    Wild;  skittish.     Chesh. 
HATTOCK.    A  shock  of  corn,    North. 
HATTON.    Same  as  Acketoun,  q.  v. 
Befysedud  onagode  hatton, 
Hyt  was  worthe  many  a  towne. 

JfS.  Cantab.  Ff.  li.  38,  f.  10 
HATTOU.    Art  thou  named  ?     (A.-S,} 
HATURE.     Poison ;  venom.     (A.-S.) 
Then  was  ther  a  dragon  grete  and  grymme, 
Fulle  of  hature  and  of  venym. 

MS.  Cantab.  Ff.  il.  38,  f.  246. 
HAUBER-JANNOCK.    An  oat-cake.     North. 
HAUBERK.    A  coat  of  mail.    (A.-N.) 
Syr  Kador  alle  tedy  was 
With  hclme, and  hhelde,  &u&haubarf(6  ahene. 

K&  Hart.  2#3,  f,  IW. 
HAUCEPYS.    Hancepys? 

Also  men  taketh  hem  yn  puttyi,  and  with  nedlei, 

and  with  hauccpys,  or  with  venemoug  powdres  that 

men  gy  veth  hem  yn  flesh*  and  many  other  manerea. 

MS.  JBodl.  54$. 

HAUCH.  (I)  TO  go»  as  a  btdl,     West. 
(2)  To  gpeifc  a  broad  accent,    Devon. 
HATJCEEB-PAWHEE,.     Said  of    potatoes 
boil«^  ^  a  naash,    Pevon.     Sometimes  it  is, 
all  tQ  paucL 

HoVd;  stop;  go.     North. 

Quite  silly.     }V*r**^ 


HAV 


438 


HAW 


Also, 


HAUF-THiCK.     Half  fat.    North. 
HAUGH.    Flat  ground  by  a  river-  side. 

a  hillock.     North. 
HAUGHT.    Proud;  haughty.     Nares.     Spelt 

httulte  in  Arch,  xrviii.  106. 
HAUGHTY.    Windy.    Norfolk 
HAUK.    A  cut,  or  wound.    A  term  formerly 

used  in.  fencing.    Holme,  1688* 
HAUKIT.    Very  ugly.    South. 
HAUL.    The  hazel.     Somerset. 
HAULEN.     To  halloo.    «  The  hunteres  thay 

haulen,"  Robson,  p.  3. 
HAULM.      Straw  ;  stubble  ;  stalks  of  plants. 

Also,  to  cut  haulm.     Far.  dial 
HAULTE.     High.     Stanihurst,  p.  19. 
HAULTO.    A  three-pronged  dung-fork. 
HAUM.    To  lounge  about.    Leic. 
HAUM-GOBBARD.    A  sUly  down.     Ywfoh. 
HAUMPO.    To  halt.    Lane. 
HAUMS.    The  skin.     (A.-S.) 
HAUMUDEYS.    A  purse.    (X.-X) 
HAUNCE.    To  raise;  to  exalt.    (A.-N.) 
HAUNCH.  (1)  To  fondle  ;  to  pet.    Line. 

(2)  To  throw  ;  to  jerk.     North. 
HAUNDYLT.    Handled.    Rel.  Ant.i.86. 
HAUNKEDE.    Fastened.    See  Hank  (2). 

And  forthi  ere  thay  callede  dedely  synnes,  for 
thay  gastely  slaa  like  manes  and  womanes  saulc  that 
es  haurikedein  alleor  in  any  of  thayme. 

MS.  Lincoln  A.  I.  17,  f.  217. 

HAUNT.    Custom  ;  practice.    (A.-N.) 
HAUNTE.    To  practise;  to  pursue;  to  follow; 
to  frequent.    {A.-N.) 

Judas  well  he  knew  the  stude 
That  Jhesus  was  hauntonde, 
Cursor  Sfundi,  3fS.  Coll.  Tri».  Cxntatt.  f.  #, 

HAUNTELERE.     The  antler  of  a  deer. 
HAUPORTH.    An  awkward  uncouth  person  ; 

a  worthless  bargain.    North, 
HAURLL.     To  drag,  or  pull.    North. 
HAUSE.    The  neck,  or  throat.    North.     See 

the    old    form    hate.      Hause-col,    a    steel 

gorget  for  the  neck. 
HAUST.  (1)  High.     Hearne. 
(2}  A  cough  ;  a  cold.    North. 

(3)  A  hop-kiln.    Sussex. 
HAUSTMENT.    A  stiff  under-garment  to  keep 

the  body  erect. 

HAUt.  High  ;  lofty  ;  proud.  Lydgate. 
HAUTEHEDJBL  Haughtiness.  U.-N.} 
HAUTEIN.  Haughty.  Also,  laud,  Hautein 

falcon,  a  high-flying  hawk, 
HAUTEPACE.    See  Hatpace. 
HAUTESSE.    Highness  j  'greatness. 
HAUVE.  (1)  The  helve  of  an  axe.     West. 
(2)  To  come  near,  applied  to  horses. 
HAUZEN".     Same  as  Halse,  q.v.    Grose  has 

hawze,  to  hng  or  embrace.    See  Hai4$e. 
HACJ5T.    Ought.    Apol.  Loll.  p.  59. 
&AV.    .The  spikelet  of  the  oat.    Oats  when 

planted  are  said  to  be  haved.    Devon.    See 

Reliq.  Antiq.  &  80. 

SAVAGE.  (1)  Race  ;  family.    Devon. 
(2)  Sort,  or  kind.    j&mw?r. 
HAVANCE.    Good  manners,   Devon.    Perhaps 

from  have,  to  behave. 


HAVE.  To  have  ado,  to  meddle  in  a  matter. 
To  have  a  mind  to  one,  to  be  favourable  to 
him.  To  have  ffoodday,  to  bid  good  day.  To 
have  cnt  to  wear.  Have  with  yon,  I  \viU  go 
with  you. 

I  have  brou5t  the  undur  grcne  wtxl  Jyn« ; 
Fare  wel  and  have  yod*  day. 

MS.  Cantab*  Ff.v  46,  f.  13 

HAVED.    Head.    More  commonly  heved* 
Wot  he  defendeshym  hardily, 
Many  afcatwi  he  made  blody. 

Oy  of  Warwite,  Mtddfrhtil  MS* 
HAVEING.     Cleaning  coru,     Chesh 
HAVEKE.  A  hawk.  "  Of  haveke  ne  of  houmV 

Reliq.  Antiq.  L  125. 
HAVEL.  (1)  The  slough  of  a  snake.  £a*L  Alto 

as  Avel,  q.  v. 

(2)  A  term  of  reproach.    Sfelton. 
HAVELES.    Poor;  destitute, 

I  say  uot  sche  is  haveles, 

That  sclte  nis  riche  and  we!  at  ese. 

Cower,  3/5.  Soc.  Antty.  134,  f.  143. 

HAVENET.  A  small  haven.  See  Harrison, 
p.  58.  The  same  writer,  p.  63,  calls  havrn, 
"  a  new  word  growcn  by  an  aspiration  added 
to  the  old." 

HAVER,  (1)  To  talk  nonsense.    North. 

(2)  The  lower  part  of  a  barn-door ;  ft  jaurclle 
Salop. 

(3)  A  gelded  deer.    Kennett's  MS.  Gloss. 

(4)  Oats,     //wer-ca/fce,  an  oat-cake.     //a#er- 
aack,  an  oatmeal-bag. 

Take  and  make  lee  of  havyre-8traaf  and  wascbe  the 
hede  therwlth  of  te,  and  sail  doharoawaye. 

MS.  lAncofn  A. !.  17.  f.  &#, 

Tak  a  hate  Tuny  re+calte,  and  lay  kdowne,  »na  Uy 
thyne  ere  therone  als  hate  als  thou  thole  Ic,  and  it 
tber  be  schepe  h)uae  or  any  other  <j,wik  thynge  in  tot 
it  sallesono  crepe  owte.  MS.  Ibid.  1. 383* 

HAVER-GRASS.    Wildcats.     Mgmtx. 
HA  VERIDIL.    A  sieve  for  oats,  or  haver. 
HAVERIL.    A  half-fool.    Nvrth. 
HAVERING.    A  gelded  buck.    Durham. 
HAVERS.   Manners,    far*  dial.    Sh&kespear* 

has  havionr,  behaviour.  See  also  llarrlagtou'ft 

Nugse  Antiquae,  i.  &2. 
HAVES.    Effects ;  possessions. 
HAVEY-SCAVEY.      Helter-skelter. 

M7avering ;  doubtful.     Orott, 
HAVJLER.    A  crab.    Sum** 
HAVING.    Same  aa  Havw,  q.  T. 
HAVOCK.    Th«  cry  of  the  «oldi«a«  when  m 

quarter  was  given*    See  the  Ancient  Code  of 

Military  Laws,  1784,  p.  6, 
HAVOIR.    Wealth ;  property.    (A.-N.) 
HAW.  (1)  A  yard,  orincloaure.  Kent.  Chaucer 

has  it  tor  a  churchyard. 

2)  The  ear  of  oats.  See  //<*», 

3)  Hungry.    West,  and  Comb.  Dial 
To  look.    Loo*  fate,  look.    Kent* 

&)  A  green  plot  in  a  valley,     la  old  English, 

azure  colour. 
(6)  An  excrescence  in  the  ey«w    «  Th«  /km?  in 

the  eghe,"  MS.  liacob  A.  IL  17,  f,  &&* 
HAWBUCK.    AsUiydovna.   North.   Ctntftl* 
have  any  conuexion  with  th«Ch»woeri*tt  ww4 
Cant,  T.  4&I5  ? 


HAY 


439 


HAY 


HAWCHAMOUTH.    A  person  who  talks  inde- 

cently,   Devon. 

HAWCHEE.  To  feed  foully.  Exmoor. 
HAWELL  Holy.  St.  Brandan,  p.  32. 
HAWEN.  Hawthorn-berries.  Hawethen,  the 

hawthorn. 

HAWFLIN.    A  simpleton.    Cuml. 
HAWID.    Hallowed.   Apol.  Loll  p,  103. 
HAWK.  (1)  A  lopping-hook.     Oxon. 

(2)  He  does  not  know  a  hawk  from  a  hem$hav>i 
he  is  very  stupid.     Corrupted  into  handsaw  / 
Hawk  of  the  first  coat?  a  hawk  in  her  fourth, 
year.   See  the  Gent.  Rec. 

(3)  Hawkamouthed)  one  who  is  constantly  hawk- 
ing and  spitting.     West. 

(4)  A  fore-finger  bound  up. 

HAWKEY,  (1)  The  harvest  supper.    Hawkey- 

load,  the  last  load.  East. 
(2)  A  common  game,  played  by  hoys  with  sticks, 

and  a  ball,  pronounced  hockey. 
HAWKIE.    A  white-cheeked  cow.    North. 
HAWKIN.  Diminutive  of  Harry. 
HAWKS'-FEET,  The  plant  columbine.    See  a 

list  in  MS.  Sloane5,f.4. 
HAWKS'-HOODS.     The    small  hoods  which 
were  placed  over  the  heads  of  hawks.  ! 

HAWLEGYFE.    Acknowledged.  \ 

II  AWL-TUESDAY.    Shrove  Tuesday.   Devon.  \ 
IIAWM.  A  handle,  or  helve.  Derb. 
II  AWMELL.  A  small  close,  or  paddock.  Kent. 
HAWMING.  Awkwardness.  Line. 
II  AWN.   A  horse-collar.   North. 
IUVVNTAYNE.   Haughty.  (^.-.V.) 

Thus  theese  fowre  lottos  hys  Jnsyght, 
That  he  knawesnoght  hymself  ryght, 
And  ma&c  hys  hert  fulle  luxwntajme, 
And  fulle  fraward  to  hy*  aoveraynt. 

Kampala*  #S.  Ewe*,  p.  19. 

I  was  so  hawtaimf.  of  horte  whlll*  I  at  home 

lengedc.      J/orfe  4rthw*t  US,  Lincoln,  f.  81. 

HAWPS.  An  awkward  clown,  North 

HAWRAWDE.    A  herald.  (A,-N.) 
An  hatvrawde  byes  before,  thebeste  of  tbelordes, 
Horn  at  the  herbergage,  owt  of  thahyghe  lopdes, 

Mart*  Arthure,  MS*  Uncofa,  f  .  85. 

HAWSE.   The  hose.   Yorfoh. 
HAWTE.    To  raise;  to  exalt.    (^.-JV,) 
HAWTHEEN.   The  hawthorn.  Pea^ 
HAWTHEK.  A  wooden  pin  or  nau  for  $  coat, 

&c.   It  is  also  spelt  hawtkem* 
HAWTIST.  Oughtest.  Apol.  Loll.  p.  37. 
H  AWVJ3LLE,  Silly  idle  nonsensical  talk. 
HAWYN.    To  have,  Arch,  xxx.  408, 
HAWJE.   To  confound  with  noise. 
BAXTER,    Swn«W^?^-er?q.v. 
HAY.  (1)  A  w£r  used  for  catching  bares  or 

rabbits.    See  Collier,  it  264 
I  dar  not  tit  to  cropp«  OQ  have, 


Anon  shesweri^  be  coclge*  nflta^e, 


MB,  Cwttab.  Pft  T.  49,  f.  HO. 

(2)  A  hedge,  Still  Jn  ti|e  Ift  Nor<^kf  bat  grow- 

ing obsolete. 
0)  A  hit!    An  exclamation  la  old  plays,  from 

tile  Italian,  It  was  also  the  07  of  hunters. 


(4)  A  round  country  dance.  "  Hayes-,  a^M9r  , 
and  roundelay  es,"  Martin's  Month  &  MMe, 
1589.  See  Howell,  1660. 

Shall  we  goe  daunce  the  Iwu  f 

Never  pipe  coqld  ever  play 

Better  shepheard's  roundelay. 


(5)  An  inclosure.  See  Haw. 
HAY  BAY.    Noise  5  uproar. 
HAY-BIRD.   The  willow-wren.    West. 
HAYCROME.    A  kind  of  hay-rake.    The  tenn 

appears  to  be  obsolete. 
HAYDIGEE.    An  ancient  rural  dance.    The 

phrase  to  be  in  haydigees,  togh  spirits,  L  in 

use  in  Somersetshire,  and  is  no  doubt  a  relic 

of  the  old  term. 

HAY-GOB.  The  black  bind-w^ed.  Wane. 
HAY-GRASS.  The  after-grass.  West. 
HAYHOFE.  The  herb  edera  terrestris. 
HAY-HOUSE.  A  hay-loft.  Palsarave. 
HAY-JACK.  The  white-throat.  East. 
HA YLE.  Same  as  Bale,  q.  y. 

Hayle  and  pulle  J  schall  fulle  faste 
To  reyse  housys,  whyle  I  may  laste. 

MS.  Ashmole  61. 

HAYLER.     The  rope  by  which  the  yards  are 
hoisted.    A  sea  term. 

The  very  same  thyng  also  happened  to  us  in  the 
boat  by  defawt  and  breaking  of  a  hauler. 

MS.  Addtf.  6008. 

HAYLESED.    Saluted,    See  Degrevant,  162. 
When  Tryamowre  come  into  the  halie, 
He  hayleted  the  kyng  and  sythen  alle. 

MS.  Cantab.  Ff.  ii.  38,  f.  78. 
HAYLLY.    Holy.    (4<-S.) 

Sythen  lyfed  he  alle  hayllj/, 

That  now  men  callys  saynte  Fursy, 

R,  de  Jfiittnne,  MS.  Bowes,  p.  3 
HAYLWOURTH.   The  plant  cidamum. 
HAYMAIDEN.    Ground  ivy.    W$st. 
HAYMAKER.    See  Harve»t-man. 
HAYK.     To  lay  in  ground  for  hay,i  by  taking 
the  cattle  off,  &c.     Oqon*    Also,  to  Ixftdge  or 
fence.     Var.  dial 
HAYNE.    An  inclosure ;  a  park. 
Crete  hertes  In  the  hapnes, 
Faire  bares  in  the  playnes. 

MS.  Lincoln  A.  I,  tft  f.  130. 

HAY-PINES.    Hayseeds.    Milled  MS, Gtoss. 
HAYRE.     A  garment  made  of    goal's  fcnir. 

JHayresfer,  a  maker  of  hayres. 
HAY-REE.     Go  on  1    A  carter's  address.  tP  his 

horses.    A  very  ancient  phrase. 
HAYS.    Flat  plains.    Staff. 
HAY-SCALED.    Hare-lipped. 
HAY-SELE.    Hay-time.    Mast. 
HAY-SPADE.     A  sharp 

used  for  cutting  hay  wiifti. 
HAY-STALL.    A  small  portion  of  wood  o*x  t^ 

outskirts  of  a  large  woo4* 
HAYSUCK.    A  kw%e-spair0w. 
HAYT.    Haugbtjryproi 
HAYTHKNB.    A  Iteottieix. 
HAY-TIT.    ThewiBow.wre 
HAYTY-TAWt.   A  board  used  In  the  game  < 

see-saw.     West. 

.    OriginaHy  a 


HEA 


4-10 


HEA 


ihe  corn  and  farm-yard  in  the  night-time,  and 
gave  warning  by  a  horn  in  case  of  alarm  from 
robbers.  The  term  was  afterwards  applied  to 
a  person  who  looked  after  the  cattle,  and  pre- 
vented them  from  breaking  down  the  fences; 
and  the  warden  of  a  common  is  still  so 
called  in  some  parts  of  the  country. 

HAZARD.  A  pool  for  balls  in  some  ancient 
games  of  chance ;  the  plot  of  a  tennis  court. 

HAZE.  (1)  To  dry  linen,  &c.    East. 

(2)  A  thin  mist  or  fog.    North. 

HAZE-GAZE.     Wonder ;  surprise.     Yorteh. 

HAZELY-BRICKEARTH.  A  kind  of  loam, 
found  in  some  parts  of  Essex. 

HAZENEY,   To  foretell  evil.   Dorset. 

HAZLE.  (1)  The  first  process  in  drying  washed 
linen.  East. 

(2)  Stiff,  as  clay,  &c.    Essex. 

(3)  To  beat,  or  thrash.    Craven. 
HAZON.    To  scold.    Wilts. 
HA3ER.    More  noble.    Gawaym. 
HA3T.    Hath.    MS.  Cott.  Psalm.  Antiq. 

HE,  (1)  Is  often  prefixed,  in  all  its  cases,  to 
proper  names  emphatically,  according  to 
Saxon  usage.  Tyrwhitt,  p.  113.  Country 
people  reverse  this  practice,  and  say.  **  Mr. 
Brown  he  said,"  &c.  It  is  also  frequently  used 
for  it,  in  all  cases ;  and  constantly  means, 
they,  she,  them,  this,  who,  and  sometimes, 
yow,  but  seldom  in  the  last  sense. 

(2)  High.   Ritson's  Anc.  Songs,  i.  106. 
The  gret  beaut6  telly th  owt 
Of  such  a  maide  of  fc«parage. 

Gowcr,  MS.  Cantal.  Ff  1.8,  f.  70. 

HEAD.  (1)  To,  le  off  the  headt  to  suffer  in  in- 
tellect. To  go  at  head,  to  have  the  first  bite 
at  anything.  To  head  points,  to  put  the  irons 
on  them.  To  give  ones  head  far  washing,  to 
submit  to  be  imposed  upon.  To  drive  a~head, 
to  force  a  passage  through  anything.  He  took 
//  up  ofhti  own  headi  he  taught  himself.  To 
set  their  heads  together,  to  consult  or  con- 
spire. To  turn  the  head,  to  attend  to.  To  be 
upon  the  head  of  it,  very  close  to  the  jack,  a 
phrase  used  at  bowling.  Head  nor  tail,  no- 
thing at  all.  To  head  out,  to  come  to  the 
earth  or  surface.  Heads  and  holls,  pell-mell, 
topsy-turvy.  Heads  and  plucks,  the  refuse  of 
timber-trees,  heads  and  tails,  a  common 
game  of  tossing  up  pence,  and  guessing  the 
side  before  they  touch  the  ground. 

(2)  To  behead  a  man.    Palsgrave. 

(3)  To  your  head,  to  your  face.    Sha*.    Still 
in  use  in  the  North  of  England. 

(4)  A  headdress.    Palsgrave. 
HEAD-ACHE,    Corn  poppy.    East. 
HEADBOROW.     «  Signifies  him  that  is  chief 

of  the  frankpledge,  and  that  had  the  princi- 
pal government  of  them  within  his  own 
pledge,"  Blounfc,  in  v. 

HEAD-CORN.    Mixed  com.    Yorfoh, 

HEAD-GO.  The  best.    Var.  dud. 

HBADGROW.  Aftermath.    Salop. 

HEAD-KEEP.   The  first  bite.   Norf. 

HEADLANDS,     £ame  as  4dUmd»,  q,  v. 


HEADLETS.     Buds  of  plants. 

HEADLINE.    To  attach  a  rope  to  the  head  of  a 

bullock.     Somerset. 
HEAD-MONEY.     A  kind  of  tax.    "  H«*ed  im». 

ney,  truaie/e,"  Palsgrave.     Blount  mont'iotti 

liead-pence. 
HEAD-PIECE.    The  helmet.    See  Holinshi'*', 

Chron.  of  Ireland,  p.  5. 
HEAD-SHOJET.    A  sheet  which  was  placed  «it 

the  top  of  the  bed.    Holme,  1 688. 
HEAD-SHEETS.    A  sloping  platform  towards 

the  stern  of  a  keel.  Newc. 
HEADSMAN.  An  executioner.  Stot, 
HE  ADSTRAIN.  A  nose-band  for  a  horse. 
HEADSWOMAN.  A  midwife.  £a*t. 
HEAD-WAD.   A  hard  pillow,  sometimes  carrici! 

by  soldiers.    Elome. 
HEAD-WARK.  The  headache.   AMA.  A  very 

common  terra  in  early  receipts. 
HEADY.   Self-willed.  See  Giffbrd  on  Witches, 

1603 ;  Holinshed,  Chroiu  Ireland,  p.  83.  Ex- 

plained  brisk  in  Craven  Gloss. 
HEAL.   To  lean  or  lie  on  one  side,  as  a  ship 

does.  Spelt  heeld  in  Bourne's  Inventions,  4to. 

Loud.  1578.    Hence,  to  hold  downwards  «r 

pour  out  of  a  pot,  &c.    Also,  to  rake  up  a  tire. 

South*   See  further  in  Hek. 
HEALER.  A  slater,  or  tiler.   West. 
HEALING-GOLD.    Gold  given  by  the  king 

when  touching  for  the  evil.     "  Privy-purse 

healing-gold,   £500,"   is   mentioned   in   * 

Treasury  Warrant   dated    Kovemuer   17th, 

1683,  in  my  possession. 
HEALINGS.  The  bed-clothes.  Qjeon.  It  occurs 

in  MS.  Gough,  46. 

HEALTHFUL.  In  sound  health.   1T<>*f. 
HEAM.    The  secundiue,  or  s»kin  that  the  young 

of  a  beast  is  wrapped  in. 
HEAN.   The  hilt  of  any  weapon*    llowdl 
HEAP.  (1)  A  wicker  basket.   North. 

(2)  A  large  number.   Tar,  dial    Hence  Mtvy* 
full,  brim-full 

(3)  A  quarter  of  a  peck.  North,   To  live  at  full 
heap,  i,  e.  abundantly. 

HEAPINGSTOCK.  A  stepping-stone.  P^o«, 

HEAR.  To  hear  ill,  to  be  ill  spoken  of.  Tohtar 
well,  to  be  well  spoken  of. 

HEARDEN.  A  headland.  Bed** 

HEARE.    A  furnace,  or  kiln. 

HEARING-CHETE&  The  ears.   iMfer. 

HEARINGLES,  Deaf.  List  of  old  word*  in 
Batman  uppon  Bartholomew  1592. 

HEARKEN.  Hearten  to  the  hinder  end,  hear 
the  rest  of  the  story.  Yorksh. 

HEARN.   Coarse  linen  cloth.  Neve. 

HEARSE.  The  name  of  the  hind  in  it*  »t*conH 
year.  Gent.  Rec.  ii.  75, 

HEART.  (1)  Toe  stomach.    For.  dial. 

(2)  Out  of  heart,  discouraged.  To  haw  the 
heart  m  the  mouth,  to  be  very  much  frig;'*>i- 
ened*  To  &e  heart  and  Acrruf,  to  be  folly  b?*ftr» 
To  tire  one**  heart  out,  to  be  erceisuejy 
troublesome.  To  break  /A*  faetrt  qf  anp. 
thing >  to  have  almott  completed  it.  In  goyt 
heart,  in  good  order.  N*Xt  th*  fairf,  in  * 


HEA 


441 


HEO 


morning  fasting.    Poor  heart,  an  exclamation 
of  pity.    As  heart  may  think  or  tongue  may 
teH,  a  very  common  expression  in  olid  works, 
conveying  intensity.     To  feel  one's  heart  come 
to  one,  to  take  courage.     To  have  one's  heart 
in  a  nutshell,  to  be  very  penurious  or  mean- 
spirited,  to  act  cowardly. 
For  the  payne  thare  es  more  bytter  and  felle 
•Than  hert  may  thynk  or  twrig  may  telle. 

Hampole,  MS.  Bowes,  p  86 

HEART-AT-GRASS.  To  take  heart  at  grass, 
i.  e.  to  take  courage.  Far.  dial.  It  is  often 
spelt  Heart-of-  Grace. 

HEART-BREAKER.    A  love-lock.   Ware*. 

HEARTFUL.   In  good  spirits.    Heref. 

HEARTGROWN.  Very  fond  of.   North. 

HEARTGUN.   The  cardiacle.   Devon. 

HEARTS.  Friends ;  bosom  companions.  See 
the  Yorkshire  Ale,  1697,  p.  14. 

HEART-SCAD.   Grief ;  vexation,   North. 

HEART-SCIRTS.  The  diaphragm.    Yor&sh. 

HEARTSOME.   Merry ;  lively.   North. 

HEART-SPOON.   The  navel.    Yorksh. 

HEART-TREE.  The  part  of  a  gate  to  which  the 
bars  are  fastened.  North. 

HEARTWHOLE.  In  good  spirits,  or  order. 
West.  Also  spelt  heartwett. 

HEARTY.    Having  a  good  appetite ;  well. 

HEASY.  Hoarse.  North. 

HEAT.  (1)  Heated.    See  Nares,  in  v. 

(2)  To  run  a  heat,  or  race.   Shak.  ! 
HEATH.  A  kind  of  Staffordshire  coal,  Kennett, 

MS.  Lansd.  1033. 

HEATHER-BLEET.  The  bittern.    North. 

HEATHPOWT.  A  black-cock.  -  Cttmb. 

HEAULDY.  Tender  j  delicate.    Yorteh. 

HEAVE.  (1)  To  pour  corn  from  the  scuttle  be- 
fore the  wind.  North, 

(ty  To  throw ;  to  lift.    Var.  dial 

(3)  The  horizontal  dislocation  which  occurs 
when  one  lode  is  intersected  by  another  having 
a  different  direction.    A  mining  term. 

(4)  To  supplant.  Dorset. 

(5;  Heave,  how,  and  Rumbelow,  an  ancient 
chorus,  which  is  frequently  alluded  to  under 
various  forms.  With  heave  and  how,  with 
might  and  main.  A  reference  to  Cotgrave,  in 
v.  Cor,  would  have  extricated  Nares,  p.  228, 
from  a  difficulty. 

(fy  To  rob.  Dekker's  Belman,  1616. 

(7)  A  place  on  a  common  on  which  a  particular 
flock  of  sheetf  feeds.    North. 

(8)  To  weigh.     Var.  dial 
HEAVER.  A  crab.  Kent. 
HEAVE-UP.  A  disturbance,   Devon. 
HEAVING,  Lifting  up  j  swelling. 

Where  ground  brore*  naturally  store  of  cbamotks, 
the  cheese  that  Is  made  off  from  such  ground  the 
dayry-women  cannot  keep  from  htaving.  * 

Aubrey's  Wilt*,  MS.  Royal  Soc.  p.  300. 

HEAVING-DAYS.  Easter  Monday  and  Tues- 
day, so  called  from  the  custom  of  lifting  at 
that  time.  Warw. 

HEAVINCkOF-THfc.MAW,  A,  game  at  card*. 
See  Archaeologia,  viii  149. 


HEAVISOME.    Very  duH  or  heavy. 

HEAVLE.    A  dung- fork.  Here/. 

HEAVY-CAKE.  A  flat,  compact,  currant  cake, 
so  called  in  Cornwall. 

HEAVYISH.    Somewhat  heavy.     Var.  dial. 

HEAZE.    To  cough,  or  spit.    North. 

HEBBE.  To  heave.   Rob.  Glouc.  p.  1 7. 

HEBBEN.   To  have.   KyngAlisaunder,4940. 

HEBBER-MAN.  A  fisherman  on  the  Thames 
below  London  Bridge. 

HEBBLE.  (1)  A  narrow,  short,  plank-bridge. 
Yorksh.  See  Halkmsh.  Gl.  p.  1 13. 

(2)  To  build  up  hastily.    North. 

HEBEN.  Ebony.  (A.-N.)  The  juice  of  it  was 
formerly  considered  poisonous. 

HEBERD.   Harboured ;  lodged.   Langtoft. 

HEBOLACE.  A  dish  in  cookery,  composed  of 
onions,  herbs,  and  strong  broth, 

HE-BRIMMLE.  A  bramble  of  more  than  one 
year's  growth.  Somerset. 

HECCO.   The  green  woodpecker.    Dray  ton. 

HECH.  (1)  Each.    See  Rob.  Glouc.  p.  240. 

(2)  A  hatch,  or  small  door.    North. 

HECHELE.  A  hatchel  for  flax.  See  the  Reliq. 
Antiq.  ii.  78,  81,  176. 

HECK.  The  division  from  the  side  of  the  fire  in 
the  form  of  a  passage  in  old  houses ;  an  in- 
closure  of  open-work,  of  slender  bars  of  wood, 
as  a  hay-rack;  the  bolt  or  bar  of  a  door. 
"  With  hek  and  m  angeor,"  Arch.  xvii.  203. 
H  eck-board,  the  board  at  the  bottom  of  a 
cart.  Heck-door,  the  inner  door,  not  closely 
panelled,  but  only  partly  so,  and  the  rest 
latticed,  Half-heck,  the  half  or  lower  part  of 
a  door.  North. 

HECK-BERRY.    The  bird-cherry,     Yorksh. 

HECKEMAL.  The  torn-tit.     Devon. 

HECK-FAR.    A  heifer.     Huloet,  1552. 

HECKLE.  (1)  To  dress  tow  or  flax;  to  look  an- 
gry, or  to  put  oneself  into  an  impotent  rage  j 
to  beat.  North. 

( 2)  An  artificial  fly  for  fishing ;  a  corslet  or  any 
other  covering,  as  the  heckle  of  .a  fighting- 
cock  ;  the  skin  of  an  ox.     North. 

(3)  Busy  interference;  intrusive  meddling;  im- 
pertinence.    Yorksh. 

(4)  The  name  of  an  engine  used  for  taking  fish 
in  the  Owse.    Blount. 

HECKLED.    Wrapped.     Skinner. 

HECKLE-SPIRE.    Same  as  Wcro^pire,  q.  v. 

HECKSTOWER.    A  rack-staff.     Yorksh. 

HECKTH.    The  highest.     Glouc. 

HECLEPYN,    Called.    Ritson. 

HECTE.  Highest.  Hearne.  WehaveAecM, 
height,  Akerman's  Wiltsh.  Gloss. 

HED.  (1)  Heeded;  cared  for.    Derby  $h. 

(2)  Head.  (A+-S.)  On  m  hed,  on  pain  of 
losing  his  head.  To  laie  the  hed  in  wed,  to 
kill  or  slay.  JjfedT  mas  peny,  a  penny  offered 
at  the  mass  said  for  a  person's  soul  at  his 
funeraL  See  Blount. 

HEDABB*    Oixe  who  beheads.    Pr.  Parv. 

HEDDE.     Hidden.     Chaucer. 

HB0DE&    Hither.    See  Tundale,  p.  40. 


HEE 


442 


IIEG 


IISDDIR.    An  adder.    See  Apol.  Loll.  p.  97.  i 

Heddre,  Reliq.  Antiq.  ii.  273. 
HEDJDLES.    The  small  cords  through  which 

the  warp  is  passed  in  a  loom,  after  going 

through  the  reed.     North. 
HEDE.  (1)  To  hehead.    See  Torrent,  p.  90. 
(2)  Habit;  dress,   Perceval,  1103.   (A.-S.) 
HEDEN.    A  heathen.     Weber. 
ELEDER.    A  male  sheep.    Line. 
HEDE-RAPYS.    Head-ropes.    A  sea  term. 

Thane  vras  hede-rapya  hewene  that  helde  upe  the 

mastes  ; 

Thare  was  conteke  fulle  kene,  and.  crachynge  of 
chippys,  M<»  te  Arthurs,  MS.  Lincoln,  f  91. 

HEDGE.  To  mend  hedges.  "  Thresh  and  dig 
and  hedg,"  MS.  Ashmole  208.  The  sun 
shines  loth  sides  of  the  hedye,  said  of  sum- 
mer, To  be  on  the  wrong  side  of  the  hedge, 
to  he  mistaken.  To  hedge  in  a  debt,  to  se- 
cure it  cunningly. 

HEDGE-ACCENTOR.  The  hedge-sparrow. 
JEast.  See  Forby,  ii.  155. 

HEDGE-ALEHOUSE.  A  very  small  obscure 
ale-house.  P'ar.  dial. 

HEDGE-BELLS.    Great  bindweed.    South. 

HEDGE-BORE.  Rough,  unskilfulr  applied  to 
a  workman.  West. 

HEDGE-BOTE.    Timber  ;  fire-wood.    (^df.-£) 

HEDGE  -CREEPER.  A  wily  ciafty  vagabond 
and  thief.  "  Un  ctvanturier  vagabond  qui 
fait  la  regnardiere  depeurdes  coups,  a  hedge- 
creeper,"  Hollyband's  Dictionarie,  1593. 

HEDGE-HOGS.  Small  stunted  trees  in  hedges 
unfit  for  timber.  Chesh. 

HEDGE-HOUND,  A  stinking  species  of  fungus 
growing  in  hedges.  Var.  dial. 

HEDGE-MARRIAGE.  A  secret  clandestine 
marriage.  North.  The  term  hedge  in  com- 
position  generally  implies  deterioration. 
Hedge-priest,  a  very  ignorant  priest.  Hedge- 
whore,  a  very  common  whore.  "A  doxie, 
common  hackney,  hedgewhore,"  Cotgrave,  in 
v.  Cantonniere. 

HEDGE-RISE.  Underwood  used  for  making 
up  hedges.  North. 

HEDGE-SPEAKS.     Hips.     Glouc, 

HEDGE-TACKER.    A  hedge-mender.    Devon. 

HEDLAK.    A  kind  of  cloth. 

HEDLY-MEDLY.     Confusion,     Hall. 

HEDLYNG.    Headlong.     Weber. 

HEDGES.    Hideous,    See  Robspn,  p.  64. 

HEDON.    Went    Chronicon  YUoduiL  p.  118. 

HEDOYNE,    A  kind  of  sauce? 

Sythene  herons  in  Jww%nflhyled  full*  felre, 
Grett  swanncs  fuUe  swythe  In  slWeryne  ch*rgei»rs. 
Marts  Arthur*,  MS.  Uncctn*  f.  55. 

HEDUR-COME.    Arrival;  hither-coming. 
HEDYRWARDE.     Hitherward.     "Herkenes 
BOW  hedyrwarde/'  MS.  Morte  Artbure,  1  53. 
HEE.  (1)  Eye.   Wright's  Seven  Sages,  p.  71. 
(2)  High,  Still  in  use  in  the  North. 
To  se  the  d«re  draw  to  the  dale» 


Andfthftdow  hem  in  the  leves  greae 
Undur  the  grene-woode  tra. 

JKS.  Gtntob.  Ff-  v.  48,  f  .  125. 


HEEDER.    A  male  animal    /-wic. 
HEEDISH.    Headstrong;  testy;  flighty. 
HEEDS.    Necessity.    Northum&. 
HEEL.  (1)  The  inside  thick  part  of  the  hand, 

from  the  second  joint  of  the  thumb  to  the 

wrist.    Cornut. 

(2)  The  rind  of  cheese.    Tor.  dial.   Also*  the 
crust  of  bread.     JDorwf  . 

(3)  To  upset  a  bucket,    Glouz. 

(4)  To  kick  one's  heels,  to  stand  idly  in  a  place 
waiting  for  something.    /  "or.  dtal 

HEELE.    Danger.    Ritson. 

HEELER.     A  quick  runner,  from  a  fighting* 

cock,  formerly  so  called.  A'&rM. 
HEEL-RING.     The  ring  which  secures  the 
blade  of  a  plough.     The  wedges  are  c»lM 
heel-wedges.    Tar.  dial. 
HEELS.  (1)  The  gam«  of  nine-pins. 
(2)  To  turn  up  the  hetls,  to  die.    To  t&&*  to  tht 
heels,  to  run  away.     Out  at  heels,  in  ttebt. 
He  tohe  a  aurfiet  with  a  cup, 
That  made  hym  tonm*  itw  httfa  KJ>. 

The  £»&*«/  Jfcfcyrf  £m&»* 

HEEL-TAP.  The  heel-piece  of  a  shoe.  AUo, 
wine  or  liquor  left  at  the  bottom  of  a  glass. 
Var.  dial. 

HEEL-TREE.  The  swing-bar  at  the  hct*U  of  a 
horse  drawing  a  harrow.  Xfac, 

HEEM.    Near  ;  handy  ;  con  veiuent.    SQfop* 

HEENT.    Have  not.  Suffolk. 

HEEUS.    A  hearse.  Archseologia,  x,  %» 

HEE  ST.  Highest.   Craven. 

HEET.  Commanded.    Jf  <?£«*. 

HEEZE.    To  elevate  ;  to  raise.    A'orM, 

HEFDE.    The  head.    Mob.  Qhuc, 

HEFE.    Lifted  up.    Also,  to  lift  up. 
A  man  heft  ones  at  thefimte 
A  tnayde  chylde,  as  impn  arc  wont*. 


HEFFLE.    To  hesitate  ;  to  prevaricate. 

BEFPUL.   A  woodpecker.    Craven. 

HEFLY.    Heavenly.    Cov.  My^t,  p.  255. 

HEFT.  (1)  Weight  ;  pressure.  A  common  term 
in  provincial  archittjcturc.  Metaphorically, 
need  or  great  necessity.  As  a  vtrh,  to  lift. 
To  6e  dom  to  the  A#7,  exhausted,  worn  out. 

(2)  A  haft,  or  haadle,  Z<xwe  in  tk*  hqftt  of  di»>- 
sipated  habits.   See  Howell,  p.  14, 

(3)  A  haunt.  North. 

(4)  A  heaving,  or  reacting. 

(5)  Commaaa  ;  restraint  J<f 
HEFTED.  Accustomed  j  usual 
HEPTERT.  After.   North. 

HEFTPOIP.  A  temporary  handle  uwd  in  griml* 

ing  knives,  &c«  Y&rJuth* 
HEFY.  H«avr.  Hampolc'*  Stim*  Onsciea. 
HEGE.  A  hedge.  Somtwrt. 

Tho  thou  thorowc  the  ttipa  rtn, 
•Thou  thai  be  hoof  ut  be  tht  thtott* 

MK.  C*nUb.  Ff.  ».  4fl,  f.  Ut 

HEGEHEN. 

HEGGAK. 

HEGGE.  A  hag.  "A  wltdn  that  dtmngftb  tb« 
faroor  of  children,  the  be$|$e  or  fairi*,^  B»yo4, 
in  v.  StrLr.  Ilarriwxi,  p.  218,  tova,  otd  coim 


HEK 


443 


HEL 


found  in  Kent  were  called  heps  pence  by  the 
country  people* 
HE  OGLING.    Vexatious;  trying;  wearisome. 

Sussex.    Hall  uses  the  word. 
HEGH.  A  hedge.  Reliq.  Antiq.  ii.  83. 
HEGHE.  To  exalt.  MS.  Cott.  Vesp.  D.  vii. 

For-thi  God  hase  hsghede  hyme,  and  gyffene  hym 
name  that  es  abowne  al  that  name  beres. 

MS.  Lincoln  A.  i.  17,  f.  246. 

HEGHTE.   Eight.  MS.MorteArthure. 
Sir  Dcgrevaunt,  that  hende  knyght, 
With  heghta  helmya  on  hyghto. 

MS.  Lincoln  A,  i.  17-  f  .31. 

HEGHTENE.  The  eighth.  (^.-£) 

And  one  the  heghtene  viij.  day,  thay  fande  a  bas>i- 
Hsc,  that  meue  callez  a  cocatrys,  a  grete  and  ane  hor- 
rible. MS.  Lincoln  A.  i.  17,  f.  38. 

HEGHYN.    To  hedge ;  to  inclose.    It  occurs  in 

MS.  Bibl.  Reg.l2B.i.f.78. 
IIEGLICHE.   Highly.   Sevyn  Sages,  2028. 
HEI.  (l)They.    Weber,  i.  232.  Also,  high. 
(2)  An  egg.   Reliq.  Antiq.  il  83. 
HEIAR.  Higher.   See  Apol.Lollp.31. 
HEIDEGYES.  Sports ;  dances. 

KIsse  Endimion,  kisse  his  eyes ; 

Then  to  our  midnight  heidegye*. 

Lilly'*  Endimion,  1632,  sig.  E.iv. 

HEIE.  Tail  SeeHavelok,987.  (A.-S.) 

HEIFKER.  A  heifer.   Norf, 

HEIGH.    An  exclamation  to  arrest  any  one's 

progress.    Var.  dial. 
HEIGHAW.  A  woodpecker,  "  Ono*,aheighaw 

orwitwall,"  Cotgrave. 
HEIGIIE.  To  hie,  or  go  in  haste.  AllinJieighe, 

all  in  haste.    Still  in  use.    On  keigheiyiff,  in 

haste.    See  Lay  le  Freine,  214. 
HEIGHEING.  Command,  or  proclamation. 
HEIGHEN.  To  heighten.  Norf. 
HEIGH-GO-MAIX    In  great  spirits ;  highly  en- 
raged. North, 

HEIGH-HO W.  (1)  To  yawn.  North. 
(2)  An  occasional  assistant  in  a  house  or  kitchen. 

Lincolnshire  MS.  Gloss. 

HEIGHMOST.  The  highest.   Jorkth.  I 

HEIGHT.  To  threaten,  H eight  nor  ree,  neither  j 

go  nor  drive,  said  of  a  wilful  person,  i 

HEIHOW.  The  herb  alehoof. 
HEIK.  To  swing,  or  jerk.    Yorksh.  A  board  for 

see-saw  is  called  a  heikey. 
HEIKE.  The  same  as  fluke,  q.  v. 
HEILB.  Decrease ;  wane.  Nash. 
HBILD0M.  Health.  SirTristrera. 
HBIND.  A  hand.   Weber. 
HEIK.  (I)  To  inherit  from  any  one.   North. 
(2)  Ayodotgtimbertree.   Hants, 
HE  IRE.  Air.  Also,  Mgfew.    See  Ritson. 
HEIRERES.    Harriers.  Twicj,p.58. 
HEISED.   Eased.   &ckJBrmne. 
HEISTE.  Highest  Seifc  Chester  Plays,  &  143. 
HEISUGOE.  Thehedge-Bpariw,    CVtaucer, 
HEIT.  To  throw,  or  tos?  up,   West. 
HEIVT-KEIVT.  Totierimg  ?  fe^tatitt^ ;  oncer- 

tain.  Hence,  tipsy.  Nbrtk 
IIERINa  Speed,  W^  Werw.  p.  8S, 
HBI3TTE,  Was  called.  U.-S.) 
HEK.  Al«o.   fttam*. 


HEKES.   Racks.   See  Heck. 

Hftkes  and  hakkenays,  and  horses  of  arraes. 

MorteArthwe,  MS.  Lincoln,  f.  77 

HEL.   A  hill.   See  Weber,  ii.  237, 

And  now  this  day  is  corven  oute  of  stone, 
Withoute  hondis,  of  that  holy  hel. 

Lydgate*  MS.  Soc.  Antiq,  134,  f.  12. 
HELASS.  Alas!   Palsgrave. 
HELDAR.   Rather;  before.  North.   More, in  a 

greater  degree.    Gawayne. 
HELDE.  (1)  To  throw,  or  cast ;  to  put ;  to  give 
way,  or  surrender.     It  occurs  in  the  last 
sense  in  the  Morte  Arthure,  MS.  Lincoln. 

(2)  Fidelity;  loyalty.   Hearne. 

(3)  The  wild  tansy.   Culpeper. 

(4)  Covered.     Sir  Degrevant,  1185, 

( 5)  Health.   See  Wright's  Seven  Sages,  p.  40. 
T6)  Beheld.  Also,  hold.   Weber. 

m  To  incline,  or  bend.  Pr.  Parv. 

(8)  To  ride ;  to  follow ;  to  move ;  to  advance  j  to 
go  down ;  to  lead.   Gawayne. 

(9)  A  very  small  apple.  Devon. 
HELDING.    Quick;  fast;  pelting.    West. 
HELDISH.  Bucolic ;  appertaining  to  cattle. 
HELE.  (1)  Health;  salvation.  (A.-S.)  It  occurs 

in  MS.  Cott.  Vespas.  B.  vii.    Also,  to  heal,  to 
help.    It  is  common  in  early  English. 

(2)  To  hide;    to  cover.    (A.-S.}    Hence,   in 
Devon,  to  roof  or  slate,  to  earth  up  pota- 
toes, to  cover  anything  up. 

Onder  the  bchadow  of  thi  wynges  hele  me  fra  the 
face  of  the  wicked,  that  me  hai>  tourmentid. 

MS.  Coll.  Eton.  10,  f .  24. 

(3)  To  pour  out.    Wilts. 
HELELES.   Helpless.    Chaucer. 
HELEN.    Caves.   (4.-S.) 
HELFRINGWORT.  The  plant  consolida  media. 

See  a  list  in  MS,  Sloane  5,  f,  4. 
HELING.  Hidden.  MS.  Cott.  Vesp.  D.  vii. 
HELINGS.  The  eyelids.  Palsgrave. 
HELISE.  Elysium.  Chaucer. 
HELKS.    Large  detached  crags.    Also,  large 

white  clouds,    North. 

HELL.  (1)  A  term  at  the  game  of  Barley-break, 
q.  v.    See  Patient  Grissel,  p.  26. 

These  teach  that  dauncing  is  a  Jezabell, 
Aud  barley-break  the  ready  way  to  hett. 

Randolph's  Poems,  1643,  p.  105. 

(2)  A  tailor's  hell  was  the  place  where  he  depo- 
sited his  cabbage. 

(3)  To  pour  out,  as  Hele,  q.  v.    It  occurs  in  MS. 
Lincoln.  Med.  f.  287. 

And  bely  ve  he  garte  belle  downne  tlws  water  on 

the  erthe  before  alle  his  mene,  and  wheime  ht« 

knyghtU  saw  that,  thay  ware  hugely  comfor^hede. 

MS.  Lincoln  A,  L 17,  f.27- 

(4)  A  cant  term  for  the  darkest  and  worst  part 
of  the  hoUj  an  obscure  dungeon  im  a  prison 
Massinger,  ed.  Giflford,  i*.  7- 

HELLA.  The  nightoiare.   West, 

HELL-CAT^ 

HDLLECIC 

HELLHBJBJX    Swollen,     Yorteh* 

HELiFAIXIIRO.    A  great  tumult.    South. 

HELL-HOUNI>.    A  wicked  fellow 

HBiLIEK.    Athateher,ortiler.     Wist. 


HEM 


444 


HEN 


Tyler  is  called  Walterus  Helier  by  Wai- 
singham*  See* MS.  Lansd.  1033. 

HELLIN.    Hardened  soot.     Yorteh. 

HELL-KETTLES,  The  name  given  to  three 
pools  of  water  near  Darlington.  Bishop 
Tonstall  is  said  to  have  ascertained  their  won- 
derful depth  by  putting  a  goose  into  one  of 
them,  which  was  afterwards  found  in  an  ad- 
joining river.  See  Harrison,  p.  130 ;  Brome's 
Travels,  p.  166, 

HELL-0-QNE-SIZE.  At  a  great  rate;  the 
whole  hog.  South. 

HELL-RAKE.  A  large  rake,  with  long  iron 
teeth.  Var,  dial. 

HELL- WAIN.  A  supernatural  waggon,  seen  in 
the  sky  at  night.  North. 

HELLY.    Hellish.    See  Nares  and  Todd,  in  v. 

HE  LM.  (1)  A  handle.  Also,  a  hovel ;  a  kind  of 
outhouse.  North. 

(2)  A  heavy  mountain  cloud.    Cumb. 

(3)  To  cut  the  ears  of  wheat  from  the  straw  be- 
fore thrashing  it.    Glove. 

HELME.   A  helmet.   Perceval,  1225.   Helmed, 

armed  with  a  helmet. 
HELME-HOOP.    A  helmet.     (J.-S.) 
HELOE.     Bashful ;  modest.    North.    "  Hee  is 

verie  maidenly,  shamefac'de,  Jteloe"  Cotgrave, 

inv.  Coffi. 

HELON.    To  cover ;  to  hide.     Sussex. 
HELP.    To  mend,  or  repair.    North. 
HELPLY.    Helping ;  helpful ;  assisting. 
HELP-UP,    To  assist,  or  support.    East. 
HELSUM.    Wholesome.    Apol.  Loll.  p.  6. 
KELT.  (1)  Poured  out.    See  Eitson,  i.  1 6. 

(2)  Healthy.     Hearne. 

(3)  Likely ;  probable ;  perhaps.    Lane, 

(4)  To  soil,  or  dirty;  to  make  a  mess  of.    Line. 
HELTER.   A  horse-collar  made  of  hemp.  Also, 

a  halter.     North. 

Withquat  pride  come  this  Lorde  thKler, 

As  a  kyng  shuld  do  ? 

Barleg  on&hsltird  horse, 

And  jet  barfote  also. 

MS.  Cantab.  Ff,  v.  48,  f.  88. 
HELTER-SKELTER.    Confusedly ;  disorderly ; 

promiscuously.    See  Horio,  pp.  20, 96, 
HELVE.  (1)  A  stone  pitcher.     Glouc. 

(2)  A  haft.    Sevyn  Sages,  384.     To  throw  the 
helve  after  the  hatchet,  to  be  in  despair, 

(3)  To  gossip.    Also  a  subst.    Sussex. 

HE LWALLS.    The  end  outside  walls  of  a  gable 

house.    Oj?on, 
HELYCH.    Loudly.    (4.-S.) 

Theyherdeintheire  herbergag*  hundrethez  fulle 

itoany, 
Hornez  of  olyfantez  fulle  helyck  blawene. 

Morte  Arthur^  MS.  Lincoln,  f.67. 
HEM.  (1)  "Very.    Sussex. 
(2)  Them,*  he,  or  him.     West.    The  first  sense 

is  common  in  old  English. 
(3}  Home.    See  Cor,  Myst.  p.  30. 
(4j  The  partition  between  the  hearth  and  the 
oven,  open  at  the  top,  in  a  place  for  taking 
caJamine.    Kennett,  MS.  Lansd.  1033. 
HEM-A-BIT.     Certainly  not.     $us»e,r. 
HEMATITE.    The  blood-stone. 


H  E  MBLE.    A  hovel  ;  a  stable  ;  a  shed.    *V 
HEMELY.    Closely  ;  secretly.    (Dan.) 
HEMEN.  Them.  (^.-&) 

That  ys  to  say,  allethjngettbnt  y«wylir  thatmim 
do  to  jow,  da  36  the  »&nie  to  ftn««n. 

ATS.  H'i«/.  P<«>L  J45, 

HEMINGES.  A  piece  of  the  Mdc  <»f  «»  annual 
slain  iu  the  chase,  cut  out  to  nmke  feluios  tbr 
the  huntsmen.  (-•/,-&} 

HEMMJBS.  Tops  j  sides.  (J.&) 

Fyxulvs  theme  helraede  hi>tc  antl  hwrwcyde  *•»  *te<Jy%» 
Hoviinde  one  the  hye  waye  by  the  J«tIU«  ht  mm»*, 

Xfvrtc  drthurt  t  MS.  Liwtn,  f,  70. 

HEMPEN-WIDOW.  The  widow  of  a  man  w  ho 

has  been  hanged.    Var.  dial, 
HBMP-HECKLEIL  A  Sax-dresser.   *\  forth. 
HEMPY.   Mischievous.   AVM. 
HKMSELVE.  Themselves.  (-1-5.) 
HE  MTU  N.  Hempen  ;  made  of  hemp. 
A  hemton  halter  then  he  tOi>ke, 

About  his  necke  he  put  the  same, 
And  with  a  greevou*  pi  team*  looko 
This  speech  unto  them  du!  he  frame, 

J2elun?vJ*tit)angt  fJixtttrl**ft  I  ft  f, 

HEMUSE.  A  roe  in  its  third  year.  See  Hawkins, 

iii.  238  ;  Gent.  Rec.  ii.  75. 
HEN.  (1)  To  throw.  Smertrt. 

(2)  Money  given  by  a  wedded  pair  to  their  poor 
neighbours  to  drink  their  healths. 

(3)  Hence.    Still  In  use  in  Lincolnshire. 

Damysell,  seyde  Befyge  tht-n, 
Speke  on  And  go  hen. 

MS,  Canttth.  Ff,  IS.  38,  f,  l«, 
HEN-AY.   A  Ken's  egg.  <^.-&) 
HEN-BAWKS.  Aheu-roost.  Nvrth, 
HENBELLE,  Henbane.  It  isnicntionocUnMS. 

Lincoln  A.  i.  1  7,  f.  287. 
HEN-CAUL.  A  chicken-coop.   Xnrth. 
HENCE.   Sylvester  makes  a  \erh  of  to  ftrncc,  to 

go  away.    Sec-  his  Pauaretu.s,  p.  #73,  quoted 

byNarcs,  p.229. 
HENCH-BOY.     A  pagej  an  attendant  ««  a 

nobleman,  sovereign,  or  high  pcr&tmage.  More 

xisually  called  a  henchman^  as  iu  Chaucer. 
HEN-CO  WEE,   The  position  of  a  pmon  sitting 

on  his  heels.  Durh, 
HEND,  (1)  At  hand  ;  Bear  at  html    See  Bev?* 

of  Hamtoun,  p.  61.    "  Nether  for  ne  heade/* 

MS.  Cantab,  Ff.v.  48,  f.  50. 
(2)  To  seize,  take,  or  hold.  Spmtter. 
HENDE.    Gentle;  polite,    (/£-&)     nwdfttch, 

politely,  Arthoor  and  Meni»,  p.  54  j  Wright** 

Seven  Sages,  p.  07* 

Hy«  kyane  was  wotidur  yoyfutlc  than 
That  he  waxe  to  fey  rf  a  man  : 
Hends  he  was  and  roylde  of  nttxit*, 
All  men  »p«ke  of  hym  grefct  B<xi«f  t 
With  aswyrde'he  cow<le  welle  plryr, 
And  pryck  astede  in  a  wtye* 

MS,  Cartah.  Ff.  u.  30,  t,   tj. 

HENDELAYK,  Courtesy, 
RENDER,  Mare  gentle  ;  Wader, 
HENDY.    Sameaa  /yen.^q.  v. 
Aad  he  Ucurtey*  aad  km&t 


HENE, 


HER 


445 


HER 


HENEN.    Hence.    Chaucer. 
I1ENEPE.   Same  as  Hen-pen,  q.  v. 
HENES.    Behests ;  commands.   Ly Agate. 
HENETE.    A  lizard.    Nominate  MS. 
HEN-FAT.    Same  as  Fat-hen,  q.v. 
HENG.   To  hang.    Chaucer. 

For  I  dar  never,  said  the  scheref, 

Cum  before  cure  kyng ; 
For  if  I  do,  I  wot  serteu 
For  sothe  he  wil  me  heng+ 

MS.  Cantab.  Ff.  v,  48,  f.  131. 

HENGE.  The  heart,  liver,  and  lights  of  an  ani- 
mal. See  the  Ord.  and  Reg.  p.  96. 

HENGET.    Hungup.    Lydgate. 

IIENGLE.    Ahinge.    Nominate  MS. 

HEN-GORSE.    Ononis  arvensis.    North. 

HEN-HARROW.   A  kind  of  buzzard.     North. 

HEN-HURDLE.    A  hen-roost.    Chesh. 

HENHUSSY.  A  meddling  officious  person ;  a 
cotquean.  West. 

HENK.    Ink.    See  the  Apol.  Loll.  p.  91. 

HENKAM.    Henbane.    Lincoln  MS. 

HENNES.    Hence;  from  this  time.    (4.-S.) 

HENNOT.    Have  not.    North. 

HEN-PEN.  (1)  The  dung  of  fowls.  North. 

(2)  The  herb  yellow-rattle.    Var.  dial 
HEN-POLLER.    A  hen-roost.    Norf. 
HEN-SCRATTTNS.    Same  as  Filly-tails,  q.  v. 
HEN'S-NOSE-FULL.   A  very  small  quantity  of 

anything.   East. 
HENT.  (1)  The  plough  up  the  bottom  of  the 

furrow.    Craven  Gloss,  i.222. 
(2}  To  wither ;  to  dry,  or  become  dry.  Somerset. 

(3)  Hold ;  opportunity.    Shak. 

(4)  To  sow  com.    Dean  Milles'  MS.  Glossary. 
HENTE.     To  seize,  hold,  or  take.     (A.-S.} 

Sometimes  the  part.  past. 

He  starte  up  verament, 

The  steward  be  the  throte  he  hente. 

MS,  Cantab.  Ff.  11. 38,  f .  74. 
The  pore  man  hente  hyt  up  belyve, 
And  was  therof  ful  ferly  blythe. 

Af&HarZ.  1701,  f.37. 
A  Knyfe  in  hir  hande  she  hent  ful  smerte, 
And  smote  hir  modur  to  the  herte. 

MS,  Cantab.  Ff.  v.  48  f.  44. 
RENTER.    A  thief.    Lydgate. 
HENTING.  (1)  A  rude  clown.    North. 
(2)  A  furrow.    Hent-furrow,  the  last  one. 
H  EG.    She ;  he ;  they ;  this.    (A.-S.) 
HEORE.    Their.    Kit  son. 
HEOTE.   Ordered;  commanded.    (4.-S.) 
HEPE.  (1)  A  hip,  or  fniit  of  the  dog-rose.  See 
Robin  Hood,  i  37.    "  Cornus,  a  hepe  trc," 
MS.  Bib.  Reg.  12  B.  L  f.  40.    Hepw,  Kyng 
Alisaunder,  4983,  ap.  Weber,  i.  207. 
(2)  A  company ;  a  troop.    (A.-S.} 
HEPE-BOON.    A  hip-bone. 

Woundyd  sore  and  evyll  bc-gone, 
And  Drokyn  wm»  tty»  hepe-bocm. 

MS.  Cantab.  F(.iLW,t.m. 

HEPPEN.    Dexterous ;  nwdy ;  active ;  ready ; 

neat;  handsome.     North.     Sonketames  for 

unheppen,  not  dexterous,  &c- 
HEPPING-STOCK.    A  horse-block*    Conw. 
HER.    Hair;  then  ;  here ;  hear;  ere,  or  before; 


higher.    In  the  provinces,  it  is  heard  indiscri- 
minately for  he,  she,  or  him. 
HERALDIZED.    Blazoned.     Warner. 
HERALDYE.    Misfortune.    (^.-JNT.) 
As  he  whiche  hath  the  Ji&aldye 
Of  hem  that  usen  for  to  lye. 

Gower,  MS.  Soc.  Antiq.  134,  f.  63. 

HERAUDE.  A  herald,  Chaucer. 
Tille  on  a  tyme  that  it  befelle, 
An  heraude  comys  by  the  way. 

MS.  Harl.  2252,  f.  91. 

HERB-A-GRACE.    Rue.    It  is  jocularly  used 

by  Dekker,  ap.  Hawkins,  iii.  195. 
HERBARJOURS.    The  king's  harbingers. 
Tlune  come  the  herbaiyows,  barageous  knyghtez. 

MorteJrthwn,  MS.  Lincoln*  f.  79. 
HERBARS.     Herbs.    Spenser. 
HERB-BENNET.     Hemlock.     Gerard. 
HERBELADE.    A  confection  of  herbs.    See 

MS.  Sloane  1201,  ff.  32,  52. 
HERBER.    Lodging.    It  is  also  used  for  an 
harbour,  or  a  garden.    See  Hall,  1548,  Henry 
VIII.  f.  97. 

Within  hys  awen  modyr  body, 
Whare  hys  tierber  wythin  was  dyght. 

Hampola,  MS.  Bowes,  p.  24. 
HERBERGAGE.    A  lodging.    (^.-M) 
They  herde  in  theire  herbergage  hundrethez  fullemany. 
Morte  Anhure,  MS.  Lincoln,  f.  67. 
He  came  to  hys  b&*bergye, 
And  fonde  hys  felowes  hcndlye. 

MS.  Cantab.  Ff.  ii.  38,  f.  170. 
Tharfore  maketh  he  none  h&  bergerye 
There  he  fyndeth  byfore  envye. 

MS.  Harl  1701,  f.  67. 

HERBERT.    A  cottage  garden ;  a  herb  garden. 
Devon.    See  fferber. 

HERBIVE.    The  forget-me-not.     Gerard. 

HERB-PETER.    The  cowslip.     Gerard. 

HERBROWLES.    Without  lodging.    (J.-S.) 

I  thursted,  and  ye  yave  me  to  drinke;  1  was  her- 
brou'&tt,  and  ye  herbrowde  me ;  I  was  nakid,  and  ye 
clothid  me.  MS.  Rawl  C.  209,  f.  13. 

HERD.  (1)  Fallen;  prostrate.    Lino. 

(2)  A  keeper  of  cattle.    North. 

The  kyng  to  the  herde  seid  than, 
Off  whens  art  thou,  gode  man  ? 

3f&  Cantab.  Ff.  v.  48,  f.  47. 

(3)  In  hunting,  this  term  was  applied  to  flocks 
or  companies  of  harts,  wrens,  swans,  cranes t 
&c.    MS.  Porkington  10. 

HERDELES.    Hurdles.    Pegge. 

HKRDES.    Coarse  flax ;  dressed  flax.  Chaucer. 

Still  in  use  in  Shropshire. 
I1ERDESS.    A  shepherdess.    Browne. 
1 1 E  RDESTOW.    Heardest  thou.     Weber. 
HERDLENGE.     Dressing  the  roebuck,  after 
he  has  been  killed  in  a  chase.     Gent.  Rec. 
ed.  1686,  it  87. 

HERDOM.    "Whoredom.    Hearne. 
HERE.  (1)  Host;  army.    (^.-£) 

3e  «alle  hym  knawe  thurghe  alle  the  here  ; 
5otue  sieve  lie  wills  hafe  on  his  spere. 

MS.  Lincoln  A,  i.  17,  f.  106. 
Tho  come  Avelot  into  thi§  londe, 
With  hoste  gret  and  here  strong. 

JfS.  Cuvtab.  Ff.  v.  48,  f,  104. 

(2)  To  hear.  NomiaaleMS. 


HER 


446 


HER 


Sum  man  tny^t  here  the, 
The  wer«  bettur  be  stale. 

JM&  Gmtab.  Ff.  v,  48,  f.  49. 

(3)  That  is  neither  here  nor  there,  nothing  to  the 
purpose.  A  very  common  phrase. 

(4)  Hair.    Heren,  made  of  hair.    (W.-&) 

(5)  Hire  ;  regard.    Kyng  Alisaunder,  5221 

(6)  To  plough,    Apol.  Loll.  p.  112. 

(7)  Hoar  frost  ;  mist.    Lane. 
HEREAWAYS.    Hereabout     Far.  dial 
HEREDE.    Praised.   Heame. 
HEREHOITNR.    The  herb  horehound. 
HERE-LACE.    A  Mr-band.     SJcelton. 
HERELY.    Early,    lydgate. 

Then  come  he  withe  gret  haste  to  his  grave  one 
the  Sondaye  h&t-ely  at  morne,  and  toke  agayne  his 
blissede  body  owt  of  the  grare,  and  wente  forthe 
thuighe  his  aghene  myght. 

MS.  Lincoln  A.  i  I7»  f«  185. 

HEREMITE.    A  hermit. 

HEREKCE.    Hence. 

HERER1GHT.    Directly  ;  in  this  place.    West. 

HERES.    The  eyelashes.     W.  Bi&blesworth. 

HERE'S-NO.  Here's  no  vanity,  an  ironical  ex- 
pression implyingthat  there  is  great  abundance 
of  it,  applied  to  any  object.  Wares. 

HERE'S-TO-IE.  A  rustic  form  of  drinking 
healths  common  in  the  Northern  counties. 

HEREY.    Hairy.    SMton. 

HERFEST,     A  harvest.    Wteleltfe. 

HERFOR.    For  this  reason. 

HERGED.    Invaded  ;  plundered.     (A~-S.\ 
In  fourty  houres  after  his  ded  Kerged  he  helle. 

MS.  Egerton  027, 

HERIE.    To  honour.     (^.-£.) 

That  thou  arte  as  thou  arte,  God  thanke  and  Tierie* 
Occleve,  MS.  Soc.  Antiq.  334,  f.  259. 

HJEIUGAUS,  "Upper  cloaks.  (A.-N.)  See 
Rob.  0-lonc.  p.  5*8,  absurdly  glossed  dew- 
claws,  spurrs. 

HERIOT.    Warlike  apparatus. 
HERITAGELIK.    tnheritably  ;  in  fee  simple. 
See  Langtoffc,  p.  251.    fferiter,  an  inheritor, 
MS.  Addit.  5467,  f.  71. 
HER13YNG.    Praising.    Reliq.  Antiq.  ii.  225. 
HERKYN.    Hearken  ;  listen. 

Joly  Robyn,  he  seld,  herlcyn  to  me 
A.  worde  er  tweyne  In  privete". 

MS.  Cantab.  Pf.  v.  48,  f.  63. 
HERLE.    Twist  ;  fillet,     Gawayne. 
HERLOTE.    A  ribald,  or  fatrlot,  q.  v. 
HERLOTS.    White  iatchets  formerly  used  to 

tie  the  hose  with.    (xi'.-JV.) 
HERMAN.    A  soldier.    (J.-&) 
HERMELINE.    Ermine.    See  TopserR,  p.  218. 
HERN.  (1)  A  heron.     Vatgrave. 
(2)  Hers  ;  belonging-  to  her.     V&r.  dictl, 
HE  RNAYS.    Harness  ;  armour. 
HERNDE.    An  errand.     See  Amd. 
His  lifand  hia  soule  worthe  i-shend, 
That  the  to  me  this  hemde  haveth  send. 


.. 

HERKE.  A  corner.  (A-S.)  Still  implied  to  a 
nookofknd.  See  Eorhy,  ii.  157. 

HEKNE-PANNE.  TIwskulL  See  Reliq.  Antiq. 
ii.78.  st.-S. 


Of  wilfce  t 

That  they  percette  ocr?  tHurghe  th&hrmff-ptinr,*, 
MS,  Unent*  A*  i.  17,  f.  !*»• 
Hittes  hymon  the  hede  that  the  helmc  brut  it ; 
Hurttes  hia  kerne'jmne  an  haundc-br<HJk*  large. 

Atttrte  Arthurs,  MS,  Uti&ln,  f.  77« 
HERNIST.   Yearnest ;  desirest,     (d.-S.) 
HERNS12WE.    A  kind  of  strainer  used  in  an- 

dent  cookery. 

HERNSHAW    Aharon.    " Ardrote, an hvarnc- 

sew,"  Elyot,  1559.  //«rn*tc,  MS.  Lhic.  lito^. 

Jfertins&e,  Reliq.  Antiq.  i.  88. 

HEROD.    The  fierceness  of  this  <jh*rartcr  in 

the  old  mysteries  has  heeu  w<jU  illustratrrf  hy 

the  Shakespearian  commentators.  Hence  the 

expression.,  #  out-Herod**  Herod,  his  kaguage 

"being  always  of  the  most  fiery  tad  extravagant 

character, 

HERONERE.    A  hawk  made  to  fly  <w!y  at  th* 

heron.    (^.-M) 

HEROUD.  A  herald.  Sir  Degrevaat,  11 4  L 
HERPLE*  To  walk  lame;  to  creep.  AVM. 
HERRE.  (1)  Satue  as  ftarre,  <j.  v. 

The  londe,  the  see,  the  firmament* 
They  axen  aKo  judgement 
Ajen  the  man,  and  make  him  wem*, 
Therwhile  himselfestanttf  out«of  A<vrr» 

Cower,  MS.  &w,  stutig*  134,  f,  37, 
(2)  A  hinge.    Prompt.  Parv, 
HERRET.    A  pitifW  Httle  wretch.     J!W. 
HERRIK.    Urine.    Sa&p. 
HERRINGCOBS.     Young  herrings.     It  was 
formerly  a  generic  term  for  anything  worthlm, 
"  The  rubbish  and  outcast  of  your  herringtoba 
invention,"  A  Pil  to  Purge  Melancholic,  a,  d. 
Herring-fare,  the  season  for  catching  hevrings. 
HERRORIQUS,  Full  of  error  ? "  torde  Cobbam 

herrorious,"  Hardyng,  f.  208. 
KERRY*    To  plunder,  or  spoil,    flcrry  &MA 

long  nails,  the  devil.  AV/A. 
HERSALt.    Rehearsal.    Spenser. 
HERSE,  (1)  A  dead  body.    H*yww>& 
(2)  A  framework  whereon  lighted  candles  t*w« 
placed  at  funerals.    Also,  a  frame  a«t  ovt*r 
the  coffin,  whereon  wa»  placed  &  dti4fe  railed 
the  herse-cfathe,  which  was  often  richly  em- 
broidered.   See  Account  of  the  Grocer**'  Com- 
pany, p.  13. 
HERSTOW.    Heanattaou? 

Htrtttoo,  felov  f  hiut  thou  <)« 
Th«  thyng  that  t  «el»l  th«  to  f 

JtfAOtntofr,  rf.v.48*  f.«l 
HERSYVE.    Aliair-sieve. 
HERTE.  (1)  Hurt.     CAattctr. 
(2)  To  be  heartened,  or  encouraged* 
Bereit  to  sir  Howe) !e  that  el  to  harde  bituJra, 
And  byd  hyme  h«rte  hym  wele,  hla  curoy  wd**tnj»dct. 
ATrrte  Arthur s,  MS.  U»fat*t  f. «, 

HERTECLOWRB. 
HEBTELES.    Without  courage. 
HERTEN.    Ba^kia.    Kitscm,  El 
HERTHE.    Earth;  Ktould.    Lnfyat* 
HERTLES.   -Cowawily.    JP^  Am 
HBRTLY.    Heartf  ?  atemgj  wwe. 
The  hethenc  hawgeou*  Myag*  tppow  th«  h«he  ly^gM, 
And  of  his  A«rt^  hurt*  b«Jyde  hen*r*r. 


HET 


447 


HEW 


HERT-ROWEE.    A  dish  in  cookery*  described 

in  the  Forme  of  Cury,  p.  79. 
HERTS.  Whortleberries.  West.  See  Sherwen's 

Introd.  to  an  Examination,  1809,  p.  16. 
HERTYS-OE-GRESE.    Fat  harts. 

Me  thynke  his  hertys  of  gi'ese 
Berys  toa  letters  of  pese. 

MS.  Lincoln  A.  i.  17,  f.  131. 

HERUNDE.  An  errand.  See  Chron.ViLp.  136. 

HERVESTEN.    To  make  harvest. 

HERY.    Hairy.    Lydgate. 

Her  armes  7tery  with  blac  hide, 
Her  elbowes  were  sett  in  her  side. 

Cursor  Mundi,  MS,  Col.  FHn.  Cantab,  f.  51. 

HERYE.    To  plunder,  or  spoil.    (d.-S.) 
To  his  manere  he  wente  ; 
A  faire  place  vras  ther  schent, 
His  husbandes  that  gaffe  hym  rent 

in  plighte.      M&  Lincoln  A,  i.  17,  f.  ISO. 

.    Praise,    Chaucer. 
HES.    Has.    Ttfwneley  Mysteries. 
HESELYCHE.    Hastily,     tieame. 
HESLYNE.  Composed  of  hazle  trees.  "Corulus, 
a  hesyl  tre,"  Nominale  MS. 
Boltis  and  hare  woddes,  with  heslyne  schawes. 

Morte  Arthurs,  MS.  Lincoln,  f.80. 

HESP.    A  hasp,  or  latch.    North.    «  A  hespe, 

haspa"  Nominale  MS. 
HESPALL.    To  harass.    Heref. 
HESPE.    Ah^nkofyarn,    North. 
HESTE.    A  command;  a  promise.     (4.-S.) 
WESTERN.    Of  yesterday.    Nares. 
HESTRIS.     State  ;  condition.    (A.-N,} 
HET.  (i)Heated.    North.  It  occurs  in  Oiffbrd's 

Dialogue  on  Witches,  1603. 

(2)  It.    Also,  to  hit  or  strike.     West. 

(3)  Promised.    Towneley  Mysteries,  p.  39. 

(4)  Hight,  or  named.    £#nc. 

(5)  Have  it    North. 

HETCH.  (1)  A  thicket  $  a  hedge,    Suffolk. 

(2)  To  turn  upside  down.    North. 

HETE.  (1)  To  promise.    Alsaasubst.   (.&-£) 

The  scheperde  «eid»  I  Wrille  <vri£h  thfejgao, 
I  daor  the  hate*  foule  or  twoo. 

MS.  Cantab.  Pf.  v,  48,  f.  51. 

(2)  To  t>e  called,  or  named,    (4.«S.) 
HETELICH.     Hotly;   eagerfr,    "Hethely  in 
my  haHe,"  MS.  Morte  Arthure. 
And  Guy  hent  his  sword  in  haxrd« 
And  Jietelich  smoi  to  Colbrand. 
Romance 

HEtEL-TONGUED.    Foul-moxrtheA. 
HETHCROPPER.    A  horse  bred  on  a  heath, 


HETOBN.    Hencis. 

HETHBKNES. 

Faro  in%0l*«ma»  y**he 
To  verre  H»  Godfty»  gnww. 


And  alle  that  hym  aboute  stode 
Wende  that  man  hade  bene  wode, 
And  Iow3  hym  to  ?iet?ivng. 

MS.  Cantab.  Ff.  v.  48,  f  .U. 
TilJe  the  was  donethare  at  the  begynnyng 
Many  fawkle  dispyte  and  liethynge, 

MS.  Lincoln  A.  i.  17,  f.  19O. 

HETING.    A  promise.    (^.-£) 

This  netynge  was  that  tyrae  ful  mykel, 
But  his  was  ful  fals  and  fikel. 

Cursor  Mundi,  MS.  Coll.  Trfn.  Cantab,  f.  5 

HETLIK.    Fiercely;  vehemently.    (^.-£) 
HetliTc  he  lette  of  ilk  fere ; 
To  Godd  self  wald  he  be  pere. 

MS.  Con.  Vespas.  A,  iii.  f.  4. 

HETTER.  Eager ;  earnest ;  keen ;  bitter ;  cross  ; 
ill-natured.  North. 

HETTLE.    Hasty;  eager.     Yorfah. 

HEUCK.  A  crook,  or  sickle.  Also,  the  hip- 
bone  of  a  cow.  tieuclc-jingered,  thievish. 
North. 

HEUDIN.  The  leather  connecting  the  hand- 
staff  of  a  flail  with  the  swingle.  North. 

HEUF.    A  shelter;  a  home.     Jorksh. 

HEUGH.  A  rugged  steep  hill-side;  a  ravine. 
North. 

HEUKS.    The  hiccough.    Devon. 

HEUNT.    A  mole.     Wore. 

HEUSTEK.  A  dyer.  Nominale  MS.  "  Diers 
and  hewsters,"  Chester  Plays,  i.  7. 

HEVE.  To  heave ;  to  raise ;  to  labour ;  to  put 
in  motion.  (d.-S.) 

HEYED.  Ahead.  (A.-S.)  Hevedfond,  a  head- 
land, MS.  Arund.  220. 

HEVEDE.  (1)  Had.    MS.  Harl.  2253. 

(2)  To  behead.    See  Head. 

Sithen  of  Jones  baptizyng, 

And  how  him  Jieveded  Heroude  the.kyng. 

Cursor  J&undi,  MS.  Coll.  Trin.  Cantab.  f~S. 

HEVEL.    Kn'e  twine.    Somerset. 
HEVELLE.    Evil.    Chron.  Tilodun.  p.  91. 
HEVEN-QUENE.    The  queen  of  Heaven ;  the 

Virgin  Mary.    (J.-S.) 
HE  VENRICHE,    The  kingdom  of  heaven. 

As  he  whlehe  is  his  nexte  llche, 
And  forthest  fro  the  hevenriche. 

Cower,  M S.  Soc.  Antlq,  134,  f .  82. 

HEVENYNG. 

But  God,  that  forjeteth  nothyng, 
He  sente  tharfore  grete  heoenyng. 

MS  Sari.  1701,  f.  65. 

HEVESOKG.    Evening  song.  Chron,  Yil.  p.  40. 
HEVIED.    Become  heavy.    This  occurs  in  MS. 

Cott.  Vesp.  D.  vri.  Ps.  37. 
HEVYS.    Hives.    See  Lydgate,  p. : 
HE  WE.  (1)  Colour;  appearance. 

Fox  penaunce  chaunged  was  by* Mew. 


HETHEIU  (l)An  adder, 
(2)  Nearer.    HdmsM,  Ohrcm,  SootL  p.  31. 
- 


Slcoroe  h*  h*d  and  grate  tethyng 
Of  th«mthAt  mjwie  90  gsate  bostyng. 

JfS.  OrntoJu  Ff.  ii.  38,  f.  120. 


A  hushandsnan ;  vfiorkmaao. 

In  cookery,  ti>  coffc  wiriince. 

To  knock  one  ai^te  a^atnsHhe  other.  North. 

*  I  Tie  we  in  a  dere  as  they  4o  -that  ^eetttre 
wyndles^^Awe^lPfllagraye.  "Gohewethe 
tee  triple  I  fl^ke  me  A&tandynge,"  ib. 
^6)  A  com,  or  kmniQa.    Bomemet. 
HEWED.    Colored.    ClimoeK. 
HEWER,    Axjoal-worker.    Jjanc. 
HBWFUN.    Heaven.    Nominale  MS. 


HEY 


448 


HID 


HEWING.    A  method  of  cutting  \vheat  with 

one  band.    Devon* 
HE-WITCH.    A  wizard.    Lane. 
HEWKES.    Heralds'  coats.    Percy. 
HEW  SON.  (1)  The  leather  which  is  placed  on 

the  top  of  a  horse's  collar.    Beds. 

(2)  A  term  of  reproach,  applied  to  a  blind  in- 
considerate person.    North. 

HEWSTRING.     Short-breathed.    Exmoor. 
HEWT.     High;   haughty.     "Such  hewt  ex- 
ploits/' MS.  Ashmole  208. 
HEWYLL.    Evil.    Nominate  MS. 
HEWYUYN.    An  iron  chisel,  held  in  a  twisted 
hazle-rod,  and  used  in  cutting  portions  from 
bars  of  iron. 
HEXT.    Highest.    (A.-S.) 

The  erchebischop  of  Canturberi, 
In  Eogcioude  that  is  hext. 

MS.  Coll.  Trin.  aw*.  57. 

HEY.  (1)  High.    Lyfyate. 
{2)  To  make  haste.     Yorksh.    Also,  to  sport, 
play  or  gambol ;  to  kick  about. 

(3)  A'teim  of  exaltation.     To  play  hey,  to  be  in 
a  very  great  passion. 

(4)  Yes.    Also,  to  have.    North. 
HEY-BA.    A  great  noise.     Yorfcsk, 
HEYEN.    Eyes.    See  Weber,  ii.  33. 
HEYERE.    To  hear.    It  occurs  in  Lydgate. 

Lo,  my  sone,  tiow  as  thou  myth  heywe 
Of  al  thys  thyng  ta  my  matyere. 

dower,  MS.  Cantab,  Ff.  i.  6,  f.  43. 
HEYET.  Height.  Apol.  Loll.  p.  41. 
HEYGYNG.  Urging.  Chron.  Vilodun.  p.  104. 
HEYHOE.  The  green  woodpecker.  See  Ray's 

English  Words,  ed.  1674,  p.  84. 
HEYHOVE.    The  plant  edera  terrestris.    See 

a  list  in  MS.  Sloane  5,  f.  5. 
KEYING.    Haste.     Weler. 
HE  YLAW.    A  halloo.     Cofyrave. 
HEYLDE.   Aileth.    Lydgate,  Rawlinson.   MS. 

ffeylyght,  Coventry  Myst,  p.  139. 
HEYLE.    To  hide,  or  conceal    (A.-S.} 

Yf  y  have  ony  thyng  myswroght, 
Say  hyt  now,  and  heyh  hyt  noght, 

MS.  Cantab.  Pf.  U.  38,  f.33. 

HEYLUNSY.    A  headlong  fall    JBeds. 

HEYLY.    Highly;  honourably.     (^.-£) 
In  hire  wrytynge  and  in  here  bokis  oolde 
Of  apostelis  most  heyly  magnified. 

Lydgate,  MS.  Sac.  Antiq.  134,  f.  21. 

HEYMAN.    A  nobleman.    (A.-S^ 
HEYMENT.     A  boundary,  or  fence.     Salop. 

More  properly  haynent. 

HE Y-MUSE.    The  name  of  the  roebuck  in  his 
third  year.    More  commonly  He-muse,  q.  v. 
HEYN.    Eyes.    Wright's  Seven  Sages,  p,  13. 
HEYNBLY.    Courteously.    (A.-S.) 
Herkynes  me  heyn&y,  and  holdys  jow  stylle, 
And  I  $alle  telle  jow  a  tale  that  trewe  es  and  nobyJIe. 
Sforte  Arthurs,  MS.  Lincoln,  f.  J53. 
HEYNE.  (I)  Hence.     North. 

Hye  ui  hastylye  heyne  or  we  mone  f ulle  happ«ue. 

Xorto  Arthurs,  MS.  Lincoln,  f.  79, 

m  A  miser  j  a  worthless  person. 
(3)  To  raise,  or  exalt.  Pr.  Parv. 
HEYNJOUS.  HeinoTisj  disgraceful. 


Hethely  In  tny  halle,  wyth  A^imj»«*  word«, 
Inspeche  disspy^ede  me  «nd  iparedc  me  lyttlllc, 

Mofte  Arthttre,  Af5.  Untoln,  f.  fl«. 

HEY-PASSE.    A  term  used  by  jugglers.    See 

Kind-Harts  Breame,  1592. 
HEYRES.    Young  timber  trees.  Ea*tr 
HEYSE.  (1)  Same  as  Barton*  q,  v. 
(2)  Ease.    Ritson's  Anc.  Songs,  i.  69. 
HEYVE-KEYVE.    Toftflrin^     Yorteh. 
HEYVOL.    See  Ayfutt*    This  word  is  wronglj 

spelt  in  Rob.  Glouc.  pp.  UM,  377. 
HEY3.    Hay.    Psalms,  Rawlinson  MS. 
HEZ.    Hath.  Line.  Gil  gives  this  word  in  bi» 

Logon.  Anglic.  4 to.  3U>nd.  1619. 
HEZZLE.    Loose;  sandy.     Yorfoh 
HE5ER.    Higher.    See  Kobson,  p.  58. 
HE5TIST.    Proniisest.    (^.--Sl) 

Adam,  quoth  the  kyng,ble**ed  thou  be  I 
Here  i*  bettur  then  them  heyi*  m^. 

MS.  Cantab.  Ff,  v.48,  f.4^. 
HI.    They.    See  the  Forme  of  Cory,  p,  99. 
Costroye  there  was,  the  amtra!, 

"With  vitaile  great  plente". 
And  the  standard  of  the  sow  don  royal, 
Toward  Mantrible  ridden  ki. 

Sir  Ftf rwmftm^  «j>.  Stti*t  fi.  3»*. 

HIBBY.    A  colt.    Devon. 

HICE.    To  hoist  up  anything,  PabgrtMt. 

HICHCOCK.     To  hiccough*    Florio,  p.  501. 

Also,  a  term  of  contempt. 
HICK.    To  hop,  or  spring,     Var.  dial. 
HICKERY.    Ill-natured.    North. 
HICKET.  The  hiccough  in  horses.  SeeTopsctVs 

Beasts,  p.  435. 
HICKEY.    Tipsy.     Grose. 
HICKINGLY.    A  term  applied  by  Topsell,  p. 

377,  to  a  hacking  cough. 
HICKLE.    To  manage,  or  make  shift.    Eat t. 
HICKLEBARNEY.    Hell    KoHhumb. 
HICKXEPY-PICKLEBY.  In  confusion.  Hyhdy 

pegledy,  higkdepigk, — Florio,   pp.   20,    96. 

I''ar.  Dial, 

HICKOL.    A  woodpecker.    West. 
HICK-SCORNER.    There  was  an  interlude  tin- 

der  this  title  printed  by  Wynken  de  \Vorde. 

Hick-Scorner  is  represented  as  a  libertine  who 

scofffc  at  religion,  and  the  term  appears  to  have 

been  applied  to  any  one  who  did  so,  and  to  th« 

vice  in  a  play.     "The  vice  or  hicscorner," 

Stanihurst,  Desc.  Ireland,  p,  14, 
HICK'S-MARE.  Higins,  Nomencl&tor,  1585,  p. 

298,  mentions  "  a  kind  of  gambill  called  the 

haltering  of  Hix  Mare." 
HICKUP-SNICKUP.    The  hiccotigh.    North. 
HICKWAY.    A  woodpecker.    «  A  hteway,  <wc 

woodpecker,  virco,"  Withmls,  e<L  1608,  p.  2i* 

ffictvxiU,  Horior  p.  203.  ftfytomttt  Cotgrave* 

in  v.  Jteguebo,  fyeiche,  Kpicht,  "  Hygh-whele. 

picw,"  MS.  Anxndd  249,  t  00, 
HICTIUS-DOCTIUS,    A  can  tine  phrase  among 

jailers,  s*id  to  be  oorrapted  firom  Mo  «** 

inter  dwte>9.   SeeBkMa^iaY, 
HIDE.  (I)  To  beat,  or  flog,     Par.  di&L 

)  Hide  and  Jfod,  a  common  game  amongrt 

children,  contitting  in  one  of  them  hiding, 

and  the  remainder  g«archmg  Mm  cmi    More 


HIG 


449 


HIL 


usually  now  called  Hide  and  Seek,  a*  In 
Cotton  s  Works,  1734,  p.  80.  The  game  is 
called  Hidy-luck  in  Dorset. 

(3)  A  field.  Kyng  Alisaunder,  458. 

HIDE-BOUND.     Stingy.     Far.  dial 

HIDE-FOX.  A  game  mentioned  in  Hamlet, 
iv.  2,  supposed  to  be  the  same  as  Hide  and 
Seek.  It  was,  perhaps,  the  same  as  the  game 
of  Fox  mentioned  by  Cotgrave,  in  v.  Lami- 
liaudichon,  "  a  word  used  among  boyes  in  a 
play  (much  like  our  Fox),  wherein  he  to  whom 
tis  used  must  runne,  and  the  rest  indevor  to 
catch  him." 

HIDEL.  A  hiding-place  ;  an  ambush.  It  oc- 
curs in  MS.  Cott.  Vespas.  D.  vii. 

And  whenne  the  pryncez  that  slewe  Darius  wiste 
that  Alexander  was  comene  into  the  citee,  thay 
went  and  holde  thame  m  fndils  ay  tille  thay  myjte 
gete  knawcynge  of  Alexander  will. 

Lift}  of  Alexander,  Lincoln  MS.  f.  20. 

HIDEIUYARD.     Hitherto.     Bearne. 
HIDE-THE-HORSE.    A  gambling  game  men- 
tioned in  the  Times,  June  6th,  1843. 
HIDE-WINK.     To  blind ;  to  hoodwink.  Holly- 
band's  Dictionarie,  1593. 
HIDLANDS.      Secretly.     North.     In     some 
counties  we  hear  hidlocfc,  and  Mdnes  occurs 
in  Langtoft,  p.  77,  explained  secret  places. 
HIDOUS.    Dreadful;  hideous.    (^.-JV.) 
Y  wyst  myself  kydua  and  blak, 
And  nothyng  hath  so  moche  lak. 

MS.  Harl.  1701,  f.  83. 

HIDUR,    Hither. 

Hidur  thei  come  be  mone-lljt, 
Eete  thcrof  welle  aplijt, 
And  schewe  no  curtasye. 

MS.  Cantab.  Ft.  v.  48,f.fiO. 

HIE.    Haste ;  diligence.   (A.-S.)  In  hie,  on  hie, 
in  haste.    Spelt  hieghe  in  WicklifFe.    Highe, 
Beves  of  Hamtoun,  p.  107.     The  verb  is  still 
in  use  in  the  North  of  England. 
And  callyd  the  portar,  gudlyng,  be  gone, 
And  bad  hym  come  faste  and  hye  hym  soon. 

MS.  Cantab.  Ff.  ii.  38,  f .  240. 

HIERDESSE.  A  shepherdess.  (A.*S.) 

HIERE.   Higher,   (A<-S.) 

HIESSEN.  To  forbode  evil.   Dorset.  \ 

HIG.  A  passion ;  a  sudden  and  violent  commo- 
tion of  any  kind.  North. 

HIGGLE.  To  effect  anything  slowly  and  perti- 
naciously. East. 

HIGGLER.    A  huckster.  North. 

HIGH-DAYS.  Great  feasts.  Var.dial  "High 
days  and  holidays," 

HIGH-DE-LOWS.  Merry-makings.   Devon. 

HIGHENESSE.    The  top.  Baler. 

HIGH-IN-THE-INSTBP.  Proud.    West. 

HIGH-JINKS.  An  absurd  mode  of  drinking,  by 
throwing  the  dice  in  order  to  determine  who 
shall  empty  the  cup.  See  further  in  Guy 
Mannering,  ed.  1829,  ii.  83.  He  it  at  M$  %A 
finks,  he  is  out  larking. 

HIGH-KICKED.    Conceited.    Veer,  dial 

HIGH-LONE.  §tt4-Hiffh~Lcne. 

HIGH-LOWS.  High  shoes,  fastened  by  a  lea- 
ther tape  in  front.  J  ~arf  dial. 

HIGH-MEN.    A  term  for  false  dice,  so  loaded 


as    to  produce  high  throws.     See    Florio, 

p.  186  ;  Middleton,  ii.  313. 
HIGH-ON-END.     Dear.    Yorfak 
HIGH-PAD.     The  high  way.    Barman. 
HIGH-PALMED.   Said  of  a  stag  whose  horns 

are  full  grown.    Drayton. 
HIGHT.  (1)  Called.    Also,  promised.    (4.-S.) 

Still  used  in  the  North, 

(2)  To  dandle,  or  dance  up  and  down  ;  to  hop ; 
to  change  one's  position  often.  Line. 

(3)  To  deck,  adorn,  or  make  fine.  Batman  uppon 
Bartholome,  1582. 

HIGH-TIME.    Quite  time.   Far.  dial    Seethe 
Leicester  Letters,  p.  386. 

The  kyng  his  stecle  he  can  stride, 
And  toke  his  leve  for  to  ride ; 
Hym  thojt  it  'wasftye  tyme. 

MS.  Cantab,  Ff.  v.  48,  f.  5i. 

HIGHTY.  (1)  Pleasant ;  cheerful.   West. 
(2)  A  child's  name  for  a  horse.    North. 
HIGRE.      The  name  for  the  violent  and  tu- 
multuous influx  of  the  tide  into  the  mouth  of 
the  Severn,  and  for  similar  effects  in  other 
rivers.    Nares.    Drayton  mentions  it  in  his 
Polyolbion.     See  Joker,  and  Eager. 
HIL     They.    (A.-S.)    Also,  high. 
HIKE.   To  swing ;  to  put  in  motion  ;  to  toss  ; 
to  throw  ;  to  strike  ;  to  hoist ;  to  go  away ;  to 
hurry.     Var,  dial.     Toads  killed  by  being 
jerked  from  a  plank  are  said  to  be  hiked. 
H1KEY.    A  swing.    North. 
HILBACK.  Extravagance  in  apparel.  It  occurs 

in  Tusser,    Kennett,  MS.  Lansd.  1033. 
HILD.  (1)  Held.   Shale.  This  form  is  often  used 
by  Warner.    It  also  occurs  in  Hall. 
The  sediment  of  beer.  East. 
To  lean,  or  incline.    Palsgrave.    "Hildes 
doune,"  Reliq.  Antiq.  i.  54. 
(4)  To  skin  an  animal.    See  Pegge,  and  Gesta 
Rom.  p.  134.     "  ffytt,  flead,  skin  pulled  off," 
Kennett,  MS.  Lapsd.  1033. 

And  take  Ij.  shepe-hedys  that  ben  fatte,  andlete 

Jiylde  hem,  and  clene  hem,  and  sethe  hem  til  they  be 

tendyr,  and  than  take,  dec.  MS.  Med.  Use. 

HILDEBRAND.     The  family  name  of  Pope 

Gregory  VII.,  who  was  so  abused  by  the  early 

reformers,  that  his  name  became  proverbial 

for  violence  and  mischief. 

HILDER.   The  elder.   Norf.    This  form  occurt 

in  MS.  Arundel  220, 

HILDING.  A  low  person.  A  term  of  re- 
proach, formerly  applied  to  both  sexes.  Ken- 
nett explains  it  "  an  idle  jade,"  The  word 
is  still  in  use  in  Devon,  pronounced  hUderlinff^ 
or  hinderliny. 

HILE.  (1)  To  cover  over.  (^.-£)  See  Depos. 
Ric,  II.  p.  25  ;  Ord.  and  Reg.  p,  471 ;  Lang- 
toft,  p.  224 ;  Ywaine  and  Gawin,  741,  Still 
in  use,  applied  to  plants, 

Thei  Mled  hem,  I  telle  hit  the, 
"With  leves  of  a  flge  tre, 

CwtorMundiiMS.  Coll.  Trln.  Cantab*  f.  fi. 
When  thalre  horses  were  hilled, 
Thay  prtkkede  fast  thorow  the  felde, 
Bathe  with  tpere  and  with  schelde, 

&S,  Lincoln  A.  1.  l?t  f.  194, 
29 


HtN 


450 


IIIR 


(2)  A  cock  of  ^vhcat.slieaves,  generally  consist- 
ing of  eleven-    South. 

(3)  To  strike  with  the  "horns.    West. 

( 1)  To  offer ;  to  present.   Line. 

RILING,  A  covering.  It  occurs  in  MS.  Cott. 
Vespas.  D.  w.  Ps,  35.  See  Chester  Plays, 
i.  29  ;  Florio,  p.  122.  Now  spelt  Mlllnff.  Left 
unexplained  by  Ritson,  iii.  180,  coverlets. 

HILL.   Topovu'out.    Wilts. 

HILLABIMESSE,   Hilary-tide.   (A.-S.} 

HILLEUNE.   The  elder  tree.   Pr.  Parv. 

HIL.LETS.  Hillocks.  See  Harrison's  Descrip- 
tion of  England,  p,  131. 

HILL-HOOTJ3H.   An  owl.    Chesh. 

IIIL.LOCKY.   Full  of  hillocks.   North. 

HILT.  (1)  The  handle  of  a  shield. 

(2 )  A  young-  sow  for  breeding.    Fes/. 
HILTS.    Cudgels.    Jonson.     She  is  loose  ia  the 

hilts,  i.  e.  frail ;  a  common  phrase. 
HILWORT.  The  herb  pennyroyal.     Gerard. 
HIM.  To  believe.   Somerset, 
HIMP.    To  halt;  to  limp.    Upton's  MS.  Addi- 
tions to  Junius,  in  the  BodL  Lib. 
HIMPE.  -The  succour  of  a  tree. 
HIMSELF.   He  is  not  himself,  i.  e,?  lie  is  out  of 

his  mind.    North. 
HIMSEN.  Himself,  Leic. 
HINCH.  To  be  miserly.  Line. 
HINCH-P1NCH.     "Pinse  morilte,  the  game 

called,    Hinch    pinch,    and    laugh    not," 

Cotgrave.    Compare  Miege. 
HIND.  A  servant  or  bailiff  in  husbandry-  North. 

See  Hine. 

HIND-BERHIES.  Raspberries,  North. 
HIND -C ALP.     A.  tod  of  the  first  year.    See 

Holinshed,  Hist,  Scot.  p.  66, 
HINDER.  (1)  Remote ;  yonder,    far.  dial 
(2)  To  bring  damage,  or  hurt    Palsgrave. 
($)  To  go  backwards.   Somerset. 
HINDER-E  OS.    Refuse,  Applied  especially  to 

refuse  of  com.  North. 
HINDEREST.  The  hindmost.  (^.-&) 
HINDERS.  Fragments.   Salop. 
HINDERSOME.   Retarding;  hindering. 
HINDGrE-B  AND.   The  band  in  which  the  hinge 

of  a  gate  is  fastened.  Hall 
HIND-HECX.    The  back  end-board  of  a  cart. 

North 
HIND-HEEL.  The  herb  tansey.  North.   Ken- 

nett,  MS.  Lansd.  1033.    "  Ambrosia,  hinde- 

hele,"    MS.  Harl.  978.      Hyndekale,    MS. 

Sloane  5,  f.  2,    Culpeper  explains  it,  the 

wild  sage. 

HINDROUS.    Same  as  Hindertovte,  q.  v. 
HINE.  (1)  A  servant,  serf,  rustic,  or  labourer. 

(d.-S.)     It  was  sometimes  applied  to  any 

person  in  an  inferior  grade  of  Society. 
The  knyglu  went  on  h3s  ways, 
Whare  the  <Ie<i  meiie.  laye, 
And  says  oft  in  his  playe, 
Thir  wereataute  tyrw. 

MS.  Lincoln  A.  i.  17,  f.  137. 
Ktehj/na  holly  and  ha 
Trewely  trowede  thara  to  th?. 

fi.  f.  233. 


(2")  Hence  ;  hofore  Irwir,  AV^rf  A,  H  i  w*  i  if  a  \\  hiU\ 
i.e.  after  a  \vhtl<1. 

(3)  Behind;  interior.    Snmtrurf, 

(4)  A  hert,  or  bind.    Xotuinalo  MS. 
HiNEHEAT),     Kindred;  a  dUtant  cli»g-w«  of 

relationship.  Lino. 
HIN<3.    Ta  hanjr.     AVW.    Thi* 
common  in  early  writers.     Tohiny  fur 
to  look  liko  rain. 
He  ftyrtge 


HINGE.    Active  ;  supptf  ;  pliant,    f  h?*h.    Otf 

the  hinp;ps,  i  e.  out  of  health^    ?*o  bitty?  uji,  to 

entangle^  to  got  in  a  SIIPSS. 
HINGE  RS.   The  ears.  Xurth* 
HINGIN.  A  hinge.  Sitfbl*. 
HINGLAND.  England,  jff.  /^  /?m»H<». 
HISGUS.  (DA  small  hinge.   Aiw?f  »  marc  of 

wire.  £Vwtf. 

(2)  The  nepk^of  a  bottle.  /,*«<?, 
HINNEY-IIW.    An  cxdainatioa  of 

accompanied  with 
HINNY.(l)  To  neigh. 
(2)  A  favourite  term  of  oiulcurmeut.  A  crtr 

form  of  }i(tnf*y* 
HINT.  (I)  St^ed;took. 

Levy  for  wrootti  a  jt'nlc*  fiinet 
And  smot  him  cm  thr  ttetn!  ft  dint. 
Cumtr  Mn«fti,  MS,  Colt*  Trfn.  (*««*»*.  f,  ?«. 

(2)  A  eau&e,  or  subject.   .S'/tci. 

HIP.  (i)  7'o  haw  any  o&e  m  tke  hty,  to  htva 

the  advantage  of  him.    "  Esfre  a&  tf?**tt9  d* 

vent  eneontre,  to  have  the  wind,  tt^vantap^,  twf 

upper  hand  of,  to  have  OH  th«hiprn  Cotgrave. 

Hij)  awl  thigh,  coni]>lptoly,  entirely, 
(2)  To  hop,  or  skip  over. 
1IIP-B1UAR.    The  wild  rose.    North. 
IIIPE.    To  push  ;  to  rip  or  gore  with  the  )iom$ 

of  cattle.  North.  Also,  to  make  mouths  at,  or 

aifrout  ;  to  censure. 
HIPHAl/T.  Lame  in  the  hip.  Tliia  term  occur* 

in  Gower  anrl  Lydgate* 
HIPPANDB.    Ijimiwijc;  hopping-   (J*&) 

Som  ga«  wrythanJc  t«  *nd  fr*ye, 
And  BO  in  gas  htypuntlt  s<h  *  k*c. 

Joftn  d«  Wagt#ijti  p.  fit, 
HIPPANTf.  A  wrapjKjr  for  thft  MpHofaawfaat. 

JEw/. 

HIPPED.     Mfilaucholy,     Pan  <lml. 
HIPPETY-HOPPET  Y."    In  a  limping  and  hob. 

hlinjf  manner.     If  V*f. 
HIPP)  N«  -HO  LI).    A  loitering  pkcf  ;  a  comer 

for  idlf  gosaips,    JVf>rM. 
HIPPINO-STONES.    Larg*8f^tw£.Rt<m™  in 

a  brook  for  pa^cngm,    Hijipmable,  pa^wible 

by  racans  of  such  stotn'8. 
HIPPJbBS.   Small  hay^cocka.   NortA* 
HIPPOCRAS.    A  toferage  compoaftd  of  vine, 

with  spires  and  RUfrar,   Btraiund  through  a 

cloth.     It  is  «aid  to  tiavis  taken  Its  name  from 

Hippocmtfd  time,  the  term 

gave  to  a  strainer, 
HIR.  Of  them. 
HIECHEN. 


HIRP.  Kearfc. 


HIT 


451 


HOA 


HIRDEMEN.  Attendants.   (^.-£) 

IIIRDUM-DURDUM.  An  uproar.   North. 

HIRE.  (1)  To  take  a  farm.    East. 

2)  To  borrow,  said  of  money.    Suffolk. 

(3)  Their;  her.     (A.-S.) 

'4)  To  hear.   Somerset. 

Ami  sayde,  A,  syster,  lett  me  hyre 
Wat  ben  they  that  ryden  tiow  her«. 

Cower,  MS.  Cantab.  Ff.  i.  6,  f.  7- 

'5)  A  host  ;  an  army.   (X-£) 
HIREN.    Irene,  the  fair  Greek.    Peele  wrote 
a  play  in  which  this  character  is  introduced. 
It  seems  to  have  heen  a  cant  term  for  a  sword. 
SeeDekker,  ap.  Hawkins,  iii.  173. 
HIRING.    A  fair  for  servants.     North. 
HIRNE.(l)  A  corner.  (^.-S.)    Hyrne,  Pr.  Parv. 
p.  93.     Hi/ron,  Chron.  Vil.  p.  100. 
The  stone  that  wos  reprovyd 
Of  men  that  were  bJggand, 
In  the  hedeof  the  him« 
Is  now  made  liggande. 

MS.  Cantab.  Ff.  v.  48,  f.  91. 
(2)  To  run.   Somerset 
HIRNES.    Irons.     Reliq.  Antiq.  ii.  84. 
HIRPLE.    To  limp,  or  walk  lame.    Also,  to 

bring  forth,  or  litter.     North. 
IIIRSEL,  (1)  A  flock  of  sheep,  or  lambs.   Cum&. 
(2)  To  move  about  ;  to  fidget.    North. 
HIRSELVENE.     Herself.    (^.-S.) 
HIRST.   That  part  of  a  ford  in  the  Severn,  over 
which  the  water  runs  roughly.    Also,  a  hank 
or  sudden  rising  of  the  ground. 
HIRSTE.    A  branch,  or  bough.     (^.-£) 
Than  they  hcldedo  to  hir  hcste  alle  holly  at  ones 
The  hegheste  of  iche  a  hirste,  I  hette  jow  forsothe, 

Morte  Arthurs,  MS.  Lincoln,  f.  88. 

HISK.    To  draw  breath  with  difficulty.    Also, 

to  speak.     North. 
HISN.    His  own.    rar.  did.    Chapman  wrote 

hernt  her  own,  in  1599. 
HISPANISH.    Spanish.    (Lot.) 
HISSEL.    Himself,     far.  dial. 
HIST.    The  hearing.    Arch.  xxx.  409. 
H1STER.    Be  off!    Line. 
HISTORIAL.    Historical.     (^.-N.)     Skelton, 

i.  74,  has  historious. 
HIT.  (1)  A  good  crop.    West.    Also,  to  promise 

well  for  a  good  crop. 

(2)  To  find.    Also,  to  agree.    North. 

(3)  7V?  hit  the  nail  on  the  head,  to  take  the 
right  course.     Mind  your  hits,  embrace  your 
opportunity.   To  hit  on  a  thing,  t(o  find  it.   A 
decided  hit,  any  great  piece  of  good  luck  or 
clever  management. 

HITCH.  (1)  An  elevation  or  depression  of  a 
stratum  of  coal.    North. 

(2)  To  move  ;  to  change  places  ;  to  fidget  ;  to 
hop.    North. 

(3)  A  slight  twitching  pain.    East.    To  have  a 
hitch  in  his  gait,  to  be  lame.    A  horse  is  said 
to  hitch,  when  he  knocks  his  legs  in  going, 

(4)  To  become  entangled.     To  hitch  up,  to  sus- 
pend or  attach  slightly;  to  fasten,  or  tie. 


* 

HITCH  APAGY,    A  Suffolk  game.    Moor  men- 
tions Hitchy  Cock  No.   Suffolk  Words  p.  238. 


HITCHER.    The  chape  of  a  buckle.    Cornw. 
HITCHING.     Any  corner  or  part  of  a  field 

ploughed    up  and  sowed,    and    sometimes 

fenced  off,  in  that  year  wherein  the  rest  of  the 

field  lays  fallow.     'Ooson. 
HITE.    To  hite  up  and  down,  to  run  about  idly. 

North.   Kennett,  MS.  Lansd.  1033. 
HITHE.    A  small  port ;  a  wharf.     (A.-S.) 

For  now  is  Culham  fiithe  i-com  to  an  ende, 

An  al  the  conti^S  the  better,  and  no  man  the  worse. 

Lelcmdi  Itineratium,  ix.  201. 

HITHEN.    Hence,    R.  de  Brunne,  p.  26. 
HITHER.    Hither  and  yon,  here  and  there. 

Uithertoward,  towards  or  up  to  this  time  or 

place.  East. 

HITTEN.    To  hit.    (A.-S.) 
HITTERIL.  Pimples  on  the  skin,  attended  with 

itching.     North. 
KITTY-MISSY.    At  random.  East.    Cotgrave 

has,    "  Conjecturalement.    conjecturally,   by 

ghesse,  or  conjecture,  habnab,  hittie-missie.1' 
HITTYNE.    To  hit.     See  Flyne. 
HITY-TITY.  (1)  See-saw.   Somerset. 
(2)  Haughty;  flighty.    Also,  an  exclamation  of 

surprise.     North. 

HIVE.    To  urge  in  vomiting.     West. 
HIVES.    Water-blebs  on  the  skin.    North. 
HIVY-SKYVY.    Helter-skelter.    Line. 
HFWE.     Hue ;  colour.     (A.-S.} 
HIZY-PRIZY.    A  corruption  of  Nisi  Prius. 
HI3R.     Her.     Arch.  xxx.  409. 
HI5TLY.     Fitly.     Gawagne. 
HO.  (1)  Who.     Kyng  Alisaunder,  6218. 

What  art  thou,  womman,  that  makyst  swych  cry  ? 

Ho  hath  made  thy  chyld  so  blody. 

MS.  HarL  1701,  f.  0. 

(2)  Out  of  all  ho,  out  of  all  bounds.     There  is 
no  ho  with  him,  he  is  not  to  be  restrained. 
Ho  was  formerly  an  exclamation  commanding 
the  cessation  of  any  action,  as  at  tournaments, 
and  hence  perhaps  these  phrases  may  be  de- 
rived.    "  Let  us  ho/'  i.  e.  stop,  Towneley 
Myst.  p.  31.    See  the  Erie  of  Tolous,  153, 
and  further  in  Hoo.    There's  neither  hau  nor 
ho  with  him,  i.  e.  he  is  neither  one  thing  or 
the  other,  a  North  country  phrase. 

Scollers,  as  they  read  much  of  love,  so  when  they 

once  fall  in  love,  there  is  no  ho  with  them  till  they 

have  their  love.  Cobler  of  Cantei  burie,  1608. 

But  alas,  alas,  we  have  passed  all  bounds  of  mo- 

destie  and  measure ;  there  is  no  hoe  With  us. 

Dent's  Pathway,  p.  43. 

Howbelt  they  would  not  crle  hoa  here,  but  sent 
Jn  post  some  of  their  covent  to  Rome. 

Stanihwst's  Description  of  Ireland,  p.  26, 

(3)  To  long  for  anything ;  to  be  careful  and 
anxious.     West. 

(4)  He ;  she ;  they.    Line. 
HOAP.    Helped,    Essex. 

HOAR.    Mouldy.    Shakespeare  has  also  the 
yerb  hoar,  to  become  mouldy.  "  Boris,  moul- 
die  or  fenced,"  Batman  uppon  Bartholome, 
1582.    Still  in  use  in  Somerset. 
HOARD.    A  heap,  or  collection.     Var.  dial 
HOAR-STONES.    Stones  of  memorial ;  stone* 
marking  dmsionsbetweeii  estates  and  parishes* 


HOB 


452  HOB 


They  are  still  found  in  several  parts  of  England, 
and  are  frequentlymentioned  in  old  cartularies. 

HOAST.  (1)  A  cough.     Also,  hoarse.    North. 

(2)  The  curd  for  cheese  before  it  is  taken  from 
the  whey.  Cumb. 

HOASTMJEN.  An  ancient-gild  or  fraternity  at 
Newcastle,  dealing  in  sea-coal. 

HOAZED.    Hoarse.    Exmoor. 

HOB.  (l),The  side  of  a  grate,  or  the  space  be- 
tween that  and  the  chimney.  Var.  dial. 

(2)  The  shoe  of  a  sledge.     Yortok. 

(3)  A  country  clown.   We  havefatfaH  inHoister 
Doister,  p.  39.    It  is  the  short  for  Rohert. 

(4)  An  error,  or  false  step.     North. 

(5)  To  laugh  loudly.     Somerset. 

(6)  Hoi  and  nob,  the  act  of  touching  glasses  in 
pledging  a  health.     To  hob-nob,  to  pledge  in 
that  way. 

(7)  A  two-year  old  sheep.     Cornw. 

HOB.  A  small  piece  of  wood  of  a  cylindrical 
form,  used  by  boys  to  set  up  on  end,  to  put 
half-pence  on  to  chuck  or  pitch  at  with  another 
half-penny,  or  piece  made  on  purpose,  in  or- 
der to  strike  down  the  hob,  and  by  that  means 
throw  down  the  half-pence ;  and  all  that  lie 
with  their  heads  upwards  are  the  pitcher's,  and 
the  rest,  or  women,  are  laid  cm  again  to  be 
pitched  at. 

HOBBETY-HOY.  A  lad  between  boyhood  and 
manhood,  "  neither  a  man  nor  a  boy,"  as  the 
jingling  rhyme  has  it.  Tusser  says  the  third 
age  of  seven  years  is  to  be  kept "  under  Sir 
Hobbard  de  Hoy."  The  phrase  is  very  van- 
ously  spelt,  Hobkdehoy,  Palsgrave's  Acolas- 
tus,  1540.  Children  give  this  name  to  a  large 
unmanageable  top. 

HOBBJL.    An  idiot.     North. 

HOBBINS,  Rank  grass,  thistle,  &c.  left  in  a 
pasture  by  cattle.  North. 

HOBBLE.  (1)  A  place  for  hogs.    East. 

(2)  To  tie  the  hind  feet  of  a  horse  to  prevent 
him  straying.    North. 

(3)  To  trammel  for  larks.  Palsgrave, 
HOBBLE-BOBBLE.    Confusion.    Suffolk* 
HOBBLE-DE-POISE.  Evenly  balanced  Hence, 

wavering  in  mind.    East. 
HOBBLEDYGEE.    With  a  limping  movement. 
HOBBLERS.    Men  employed  in  towing  vessels 

by  a  rope  on  the  land.     West. 
HOBBLES.  (1)  Rough  stones.    East. 
(2)  A  wooden  instrument  to  confine  a  horse's 

legs  while  he  is  undergoing  an  operation, 
HOBBLY.    Rough;  uneven.     Var.dial 
HOBBY.  (1)  A  small  horse ;  a  poney.    The 

hohby  came  originally  from  Ireland.     See 

Harrison's  England,  p.  220;  Stanihurst,  p. 

gO ;  Holinshed,  Chron.  Ireland,  p.  83.  Hobby- 

headed,  shag-headed  like  a  hobby,  • 
(2)  Sir  Posthumous  Hobby,  one  very  fantastical 

in  bis  <Jress ;  a  great  fop. 
(3J  A  goose,    Durham- 

(4)  A  very  small  kind  of  hawk.     See  Dorastus 
and  Fawnia,  p.  34 ;  hofo,  MS.  Addit.  11579  ; 
Harrisofc,  p.  227;  Cotfrraye,  fo  ?•  ffobreau, 

Still  in  use, 


As  the  Reverend  Dr.  Wren,  Dtp««?  of  Wlndmi*, 
was  travelling  in  his  coach  OUT  Mavti'bWimKh 
dowries,  a  linnet  or  finch  w.i*  iM#rly  tuirtufd  by 
a  htthy  or  sparrow* hawkc,  and  t^okt*  \aiirtuary  in 
the  coach,  A*ibrf»**  Wilt*,  Jtf,¥,  Jfryaf  &W.  J>«  MW« 

HOBBY-HORSE.  (I)  The  dragon-fly,     ("row*. 

(2)  An  important  pcrsonafte  in  the  morris  danc«, 
obsolete  for  two  centuries,  although  the  dance 
is  still  practised,  Th*  hohhy-horse  consisted 
of  a  light  frame*  of  -wicker-work,  foMfliuul  to 
the  body  of  the  person  who  performed  the 
character,  whose  legs  were  concealed  by  a 
housing,  which,  with  a  false  head  and  mvk, 
gave  the  appearance  of  a  home.  Thus  «'f|itip* 
ped,  be  performed  all  sorts  of  an  tics,  imitating 
the  movements  of  a  horse,  ami  smiting 
juggling  tricks  of  various  kinds.  A  ladle  v>its 
sometimes  suspended  from  the  horses  tiinuth 
for  the  purpose  of  collecting  money  from  tin* 
spectators*  To  play  the  hobby-horse,  i  t*.  to 
romp.  In  the  following  passage,  the  may-pole 
is  supposed  to  be  speaking : — 

The  hoblw'hortte  doth  huhvr  prancp, 

Maid  Marnan  and  the  Morris  tintx^p 

My  summons  feu-heth  far  diul  war 

All  that  ca«  swagger,  swtl,  and  swear, 

All  that  can  dance,  and  «lrab»  end  drink, 

They  run  to  me  as  to  a  8l»U«       Jtfft'.  Hrtr/,  J*J*t. 

HOBBY-HORSE-DANCE. 

"  Bromley  Pagets  was  remarkable  for  a  VITV 
singular  sport  on  New  Year's  Day  aw!  Twelfth 
Day,  called  the  Hobby  Horse  Item* :  aper««n 
rode  upon  the  image  of  a  horse,  with  a  bow 
and  arrow  in  his  bands,  with  which  be  made* 
a  snapping  noise,  keeping  time  with  the  munir, 
whilst  six  others  danced  the  bay  ami  othrr 
country  dances,  with  as  many  rein-d^er'bbeatli 
on  their  shoulders.  To  this  bobby-horse  Iw* 
longed  a  pot,  which  the  reeves  of  tbe  town 
kept  and  filled  with  cakes  and  ale,  toward* 
which  the  spectators  contributed  a  penny! 
and  with  the  remainder  maintained  their  1*00$ 
and  repaired  the  church,"  Mirror,  xix.  22B./ 

HOBBY-LANTHORN,  An  ignfft&tutui,  A^ao 
termed  a  Hob-lantern.  /  "orr.  dial* 

HOBCLUNCH.  A  rude  clown.  See  2  Promos 
and  Cassandra,  iH.  2, 

HOB-COLUNGWOOD-  A  name  given  to  the 
four  of  hearts  at  whist  North. 

HOBBLEN.    To  skip  over.    (A.-S.) 

HOBBLER,  A  light  horseman ;  one  who  rwle 
on  a  hobby.  Formerly,  some  tenants  were 
hound  to  maintain  hobbies  for  thnr  use  in 
case  of  their  services  being  required  for  the 
defence  of  their  country  in  an  invasion,  and 
were  called  hoheler*.  )fttftcttar*9  HoHnshed, 
Chron.  Ireland,  p.  09.  See  al*o  Octovian, 
1598,  "hobelers  and  bquyers." 

HOBERD.    A  simpleton ;  a  ftvol,  or  idiot, 

HOBGOBBIN.    An  idiot    #ort*. 

HOBGOBLIN.  A  ghost,  or  tteni  Sometime* 
termed  a  Hobhoulwrd. 

HOB-HALD.    A  foolish  clown.    AM*. 

IJOBKNQLLING.  SpungiQ 
of  one's  friends.    North. 

HOB-LAMB. 


HOC 


•453 


HOF 


HOBLEtt-HOLE.  The  hinder-hole  at  a  hoy's 
game,  alluded  to  in  Clarke's  Phrascologia 
Puewlis,  1655,  p.  255. 

HOBLERS.  Sentinels  who  kept  watch  at  bea- 
cons in  the  Isle  of  Wight,  and  ran  to  the 
Governor  when,  they  had  any  Intelligence  to 
communicate.  MS.  Lansd.  1 033. 

HOBLESHOF.    A  great  confusion. 

UOB-MAN-BLIND.     See  Hood  man-Blind. 

HOB-NAIL.    A  rude  clown.     Var.  dial 

IIOBOY.     A  hautboy.     Beaumont. 

HOB-PRICK.  A  wooden  peg  driven  into  the 
heclss  of  shoes.  North. 

HOB-SHACKLED.  Ilaung  the  hands  or  feet 
fastened.  Lane. 

HOliSON'S-CHOICE.  That  or  none.  This 
saving  is  said  to  have  taken  its  ribe  from 
Hobson,  a  carrier  and  livery-man  at  Cam- 
bridge, who  never  permitted  his  customers 
to  choose  their  horses,  hut  compelled  them  to 
take  them  in  succession.  Hobson  died  on 
January  1st,  1631,  and  was  for  many  years 
the  carrier  of  letters  between  London  and 
Cambridge.  Many  memorials  of  him  are  pre- 

.    served  at  the  last-named  town. 

HOB-THRUSH.  A  goblin,  or  spirit,  generally 
coupled  with  Robin  Goodfellow.  See  Cotgrave, 
in  v.  Loup~garou\  Tarlton,  p.  55.  The 
millopcs  is  called  the  Hob-thrush-louse. 

If  he  be  no  hob-thrwih  nor  no  Robin  Goodfellow, 
I  could  fimlewith  nil  my  heart  to  sip  up  a  sillybub 
with  him.  Two  Luncttshne  Lutwti,  1040,  p.  222. 

HO  BUB.  A  hubbub  ;  a  hue  and  cry.  Ilolin- 
shecl,  Chron.  Ireland,  p.  150.  Uooboob,  llorio, 
p.  51.  Still  in  common  use. 

HOBYING.  Riding  on  a  hobby.    Lydyate. 

HOC.  The  holyhock.  (A.-S.)  Hocks,  Cot- 
grave,  in  v.  Rose. 

HOCCAMOUE.    Old  hock.     Butkr, 

HOCHE.    A  coffer,  or  chest.     Pr.  Parv. 

HOCHJEPOT.  A  mixture  of  various  things 
shaken  together  in  the  same  pot.  (A.-N.} 
Now  spelt  hotch-potch.  See  a  pun  on  the 
term  in  the  Return,  from  Parnassus,  p.  262. 

HOCHON.    Each  one.    AudHay,  p.  50. 

HOCK.  An  old  game  at  cards,  borrowed  from 
the  Dutch,  ami  mentioned  by  Taylor. 

HOCK-CART.  The  harvcbt-home  cart;  the 
last  loaded  waggon.  Sec  Herri ck,  i.  139. 

HOCKBR.  To  climb  upon  anything ;  to  scram- 
ble awkwardly;  To  do  anything  clumsily; 
to  stammer,  or  hesitate ;  to  loiter*  North. 

HOCKERHEADBD.    Rash.    North, 

HOCKET.    A  large  lump,     Glouc. 

HOCKETIMOW.  An  instrument  for  cutting 
the  sides  of  ricks,  generally  formed  of  a  scythe- 
blade  fixed  to  a  pole  or  staff.  VParw. 

HOCKEY.    Same  as  Hawfoy,  q,  v. 

HOCK1E.    To  hamstring.    S&iwer. 

HOCKS.    To  hack*    West. 

HOCK-TIDE.  An  annual  festival,  which  began 
the  fifteenth  day  alter  Easter.  Money  was 
formerly  collected  at  this  anniversary  for  the 
repairs  of  the  church,  Sec.  Laneham  has  de- 


scnbed  the  Hox  Tuesday  play,  annually  acted 

at  Coventry. 
HOCUS.     To  cheat.     Hence  the  more  modern 

term  hoax.     Sphits  that  have  laudanum  put 

into  them  are  said  to  he  hocussed. 
HOD.  (1)  To  hold;  to  snatch.     North. 

(2)  A  heap  of  potatoes,  covered  with  straw  and 
soil.     West. 

(3)  A  hood,  cap,  or  helmet.     Also,  any  kind  01 
covering.    ( .  /.-  S.} 

(4)  The  crick  in  the  neck.     North. 

(5)  A  hole  under  the  bank  of  a  rock,  a  retreat 
for  fish.     Yorksh.      See   Holmshed,  Descr. 
of  Scotland,  p.  15. 

(6)  A  chimney-hob.    MS.  Lansd.  1033- 
HODDEN- YOWS.    Ewes  intended  to  be  kept 

over  the  year.     North. 
IIODDER."  A  thin  vapour.     Yorfoh. 

HODDING-SPADE.  A  sort  of  spade  principally 
used  in  the  fens,  so  shaped  as  to  take  up  a 
considerable  portion  of  earth  entire.  East. 

HODDON.    Had.    Hearne. 

HODDY.    Well ;  in  good  spirits.    East. 

HODDY-DODDY.  (1)  A  terra  of  contempt,  a 
weak  foolish  fellow.  See  Kemp's  Nine  Daies 
Wonder,  p.  21.  Hoddy-pekc  is  Ubed  in  a 
similar  sense.  See  Hawkins,  i  205.  Skeltun 
has  hoddypoule.  Florio,  p.  98,  has  hoddydod, 
a  snail-shell,  but  I  cannot  trace  any  positive 
e\idence  of  a  connexion  between  the  u\o 
1  words.  "  Hoddymandoddy,  a  simpleton," 
Cornw.  Gloss,  p.  95. 

(2)  A  revolving  light.    Devon. 

HODENING.  A  custom  formerly  prevalent  in 
Kent  on  Christmas  Eve,  when  a  horse's  head 
was  carried  in  procession.  This  is  now  dis- 
continued, but  the  singing  of  carols  at  that 
season  is  still  called  hodming. 

HODER-MODER.    Hugger-mugger.     Skelton. 

HODGE.   To  ride  gently.    North. 

HODGEPOCHER.  A  goblin.  "  A  hobgoblin, 
a  Robin  Goodfellow,  a  hodgepocher,"  Florio, 
p.  190.  Ilodyepofar,  ibid.  p.  191. 

HOD  IT.    Hooded.    Ly&gaie. 

HODMAN.  A  nickname  for  a  canon  of  Christ 
Church,  Oxford. 

HODMANDOD.  (1)  A  snail-shell.  Smth.  Some- 
times,  the  snail  itself. 

So  they  holsietl  her  dawn  just  as  safe  and  AS  well, 

And  as  snug  as  a  hodm<tndi>d  riilcn  m  his  hhfll. 

TAt.  New  Ruth  Gvlde,  ed.  JB30,  p.  36 
(2)  A  scarecrow.     West. 
HODMEDOD.    Short  ?  clumsy.     Wext. 
HODZIED.    Huddled.    Laugtoft,  p*  273. 
HODS.    Cases  of  leather,  stuffed  with  wooi, 

put  over  the  spurs  of  cocks  when  fighting  to 

prevent  their  hurting  each  other. 
HOE.    Same  as  Ho,q-  ?, 
HOES.    Hill«»    Anturs  of  Arther,  v.  5. 
HOPEN.    Utol,  or  heaved  up.    (A.-S.) 

Bot  no  *awl*  may  thithen  pai, 
Uatyl  It  l)«  all  cleene  al«  it  fyret  was, 
When  he  was  hqfen  at  fount-atane. 
And  hy»  crystendom  thare  had  tane, 

Hampole,  MS  Boit  9J,  jv,  99 


HOG 

Hcrtelfke  ttl  htm  lu>  wen  to, 
And  doihieh  therfuhkeshentc; 
Forhi>.  hwerd  hefco/up  hoye, 
And  the  hand  he  dideof  fle^e, 
That  he  smut  him  with  s-o  bore; 
II  w  mithe  he  don  him  shame  more  ?  H 
HOFE"Y.    A  cow.    North,    Albo,  a  term  u&eu  m 

calling  cows. 
HOFF.  (1)  The  hock.     Also,  to  throw  anything 

under  the  thigh.    North. 
(2)  To  make  fun  of;  to  mock.  Line. 
HOFTE.     Head.    Skelton,  ii.  246. 
HOFUL.    Prudent;  careful.     (A.-S.) 
HOG.  (1)  A  term  for  a  sheep  frpui  six  months 
old  till  being  first  shorn.     Some  say  from  a 
lamb ;  others,  a  sheep  of  a  year  old.    The  last 
meaning  is  the  one  intended  by  early  writers. 

(2)  Same  as  Hod,  q.  v. 

(3)  A  shilling.    An  old  cant  term.    According 
to  some,  sixpence. 

(4)  To  drive  hags,  to  snore.     To  lying  one's  hoys 
to  a  fine  market,  an  ironical  saying  of  any  one 
•who  has  been  unsuccessful.  A  hoy  in  armour, 
a  person  finely  but  very  awkwardly  dressed. 

(5)  To  hog  a  horse's  mane,  to  cut  it  quite  short. 

(6)  To  carry  on  the  hack.    North* 
HOGATTES.    , "  Bidens,  a  sheepe  -with  two 

teeth,  or  rather  that  Is  two  yeres  old,  called  in 

some  place  hogrelles  or  hotfattes"  Elyot,  1550. 
HOG-COLT.    A  yearling  colt.     Devon. 
HOGGAN-BAG.    A  miner's  bag,  wherein  he 

carries  his  provisions.     Cornw. 
HOGGASTER.  A  boar  in  its  third  year.   Twici, 

p.  32  ;  Reliq,  Antiq.  i.  151.  The  term  was  also 

applied  to  a  lamb  after  its  first  year. 
HOGGE.  (1)  Care ;  fear.    (4.-S.)    Hoggyliche, 

fearfully,  Chron.  Vilodun.  p.  112. 
(2)  Huge.  Langtoft'a  Chron.  p.  31. 
HOGGEPOT.  "  Gees  in  hoggepot,"  Forme  of 

Cury,  p.  24.  Now  termed  hodge-podge.  Hog- 

pooh  was  used  very  early  in  the  metaphorical 

sense,  as  in  Audelay's  Poems,  p.  29. 
HOGGERDEMOW.     An  instrument  used  for 

cutting  hedges  with.    Wanv. 
HOGGERS.    Same  as  Cockers,  q.  v. 
HOGGET.    A  sheep  or  colt  after  it  has  passed 

its  first  year.     Var.  dial. 
HOGGINS.    The  sand  sifted  from  the  gravel 

before  the  stones  are  carted  upon  the  roads. 

Essex. 

HOGGREL.    A  young  sheep.     P'tteffraue. 
HOG-GRUBBING.    Very  sordid.    East. 
HOGH.    A  hill.    See  Hoes. 
HOG-HAWS.    Hips  and  haws.    South. 
HOGHE.  (1)  Oweth ;  ought.    (//..&) 

And.  dredc  wyl  make  a  man  sloghe 
To  do  the  servyfie  that  he  Ao#ft<». 

MS.  HarM701,f.34 

(2)  High.    Towneley  Mysteries,  p.  262, 

HOGLIN.  (1)  A  boar. 

Be  that  lay  that  y  leve  ynne, 

My  lytyllespote  hogtyn, 

Dere  boghte  thy  dethe  schalle  bee. 

H&  Cantab.  Ff,  il,  38,  f.  66* 

(2)  An  apple-turnover.    Mast. 

HOOMAN. ,  A  kind  of  loaf.    See  the  Ord.  and 


nor 

i  name  ^vn 
,  riujr  that  iiji 


;ui4*ully 


ami 


;  ''    ,'     *  youujf  girl  vt*rv'i!r{)r«ivnl* 
,-  .    A  she«'p  uu«»  jcar  "!*Z. 

HOGO.    A  bad  smHL     JVir.  thai    It 
formerly  any  btnmg  flavitur  iwi'ompaiiu 
a1  powerful  suidL    SH»  SkinntT. 
HOG-OVER-HUiH.    LtMp-fr^,    fatL 
HOG-PIGS.     Barrow  j>ig*.     4Yw/A. 
HOG-RUBBER.    A  clownish  p*rsi»n. 
HOG-SEEL.    The  thick  skin  ou  the  nirk  and 

shoulders  of  a  hog.    Kant, 
HOGSHEAD.      To  couch  &  hnyKhtatt,  to  lay 

down  to  sleep.    A  cant  j>hr4g«. 
HOG'S-HOB  BLE.     See  liMIe  (I). 
HOGS-NORTON,    "  I  think  thou  wast  liom  at 
H(oggs  -Norton,  where  piggs  play  upon  th« 
the  organs,"  Howell's  English  Proverbs,  p.  16. 
This    proverbial  phrase  was  commonly  ad- 
dressed to  any  clownish  fellow,  unacquainted 
»    with  the  rules  of  good  society. 
HOG'S-VUDDING.     The  enfrail  of  a    hog, 
stuffed  with  pudding;,  composed  of  flour,  cur- 
rants, ami  spice.    South. 
HOG-TATURS.    Bad  potatoes  of  a  blue  colour 

only  fit  for  hogs.  Bwfa. 
HOGWERD.    Knot-grass,    Norf. 
HOG-  WOOL.  The  first  fleece  in  shearing  Iambi. 

East.    It  is  omitted  by  Forby. 
HOGY.    Fearful.    See  Tuntlale,  p.  15. 
HOH.    High.    (//.-£) 

Hwan  Havelok  herde  that  she  rachta, 
Sone  it  was  day,  sorxe  he  him  datiile, 
Anil  acne  to  the  kirkt*  ywtc» 
Or  he  dutCAiii  othiT  (U'dc, 
And  bifor  the  rocJo  biKJin  laJI^, 
Croia  and  Crist  bifrjauj  to  katlt*, 
And  hcydts  Lovcnl,  that  «il  w«  Iitt'S, 
Wtnd  and  w«ter»  wfwle*  ;.mt  fck!c*» 
For  the  fn>h  rinlco  of  you, 
Haveracrd  of  me»  Lov«ritf  ««w  } 

littMitft,  13RU 

HOT.    A  word  uscrt  i»  driving  h<^-t. 
HOICE.    To  hoist.    (JolliwV  OW  Battalia,  |>. 

77.    Ifoutinff*  Harriwm,  p.  12U. 
IIOIDEN.    Tlic  name  of  fcome.  ftnima,  resnark- 
able  for  the  vivacity  of  its  motion**  cwiywtiirt'il 
hy  Giiford  to  IMI  a  leveret.    It  ww  formerly 
applied  to  the  youth  of  both  sexes. 
HOII*    To  expel.    SM«i(i 
HOILB.  Whole;  sound.    (^.-A) 

Wych  multitude  hya  fader  was  ootntriyuc't, 
Mawgre  hy«  myghte,  into  *  touir  to  rt*'f 
,  Hyssoneuukynde  hath  offtym  dk  U-yfitif  , 
^nd  yette/  forallchys  straunRo  atlvtwyte, 
Ofhlscorage  themnpnauimltd 
\  n  Uyaperione  »t<xle  AoJf«(,  ly#t  not  vary, 
T  houghe  fortune  was  to  hyro  cnntr^rit*. 


HOTLS  The  beards  of  >>*r]ey,  /Mr^.  TJ»b 
seems  to  be  the  same  a«  fiftih  in  &w  «arly  jflo«n 
in  Reliq.  Antiq.  ii.  84. 

HOINE.    To  Imnws,  worry,  or  0ppm*4. 
to  whine,    line, 

HOIST,    Voice.    Also,  a  cough,    &(W. 


I10L 


45f> 


HOL 


HOISTKH.    To  support. 

HOISTING-THE-GL'OVE.  A  Devonshire  cus- 
tom of  carrying  a  hand  with  the  first  two 
fingers  erect,  aud  snrrounded  by  flowers.  This 
was  formerly  practised  at  Lammas  fair. 

HOIT.  (1)  A  newt.   Sucks. 

(2)  An  awkward  hoy;  an  ill-taught  child.  North. 

(3)  To  indulge  in   riotous   and    noisy  mirth. 
JJ'cdater. 

(4)  A  large  rod,  or  stick.    Lane. 
HOIT-A-POIT.     Assuming  airs  Unsuitable  to 

age  or  station.    East. 

HOITY-TOITY.    See  Ility-tify. 

HOK.  An  oak-tree.  See  a  very  early  libt  in  MS. 
Sloane  5,  f.  5. 

IIOKE.  (1)  A  hood.    Nominale  MS. 

(2)  To  gore  \\ith  the  horns.     West. 

(,*>)  A  rook,  or  corner.    Kemwft. 

(4)  To  romp,  or  play;  to  gamhol.    Someritett 

HOKKU.  (1)  Frt>\\ardness.  (J.-S.)  Hokerlich, 
Wright's  Pol.  Songs,  p.  204. 

(2)  A  blwpliftcr.  See  Dekkef  s  Lanthorne  and 
Candle-light.  1C20,  sig.  15,  iii.  *•  A  cunning 
nleher,  a  craftie  hooker,"  Florio,  p.  167.  See 
Harrison's  England,  p.  183*  "  Hooking  and 
stealing,"  Florin,  p.  217. 

HOKKT.(l)  Scorn  ;  contempt.   (A.-S.} 

(2)  A  plsix  thing.    (</.-JV.) 

HOKY-POKY.    Hocus-pocus.    North. 

HOI,.     \Vhole;  bound.    Ki/wn. 

HOLAHD.  A  ribald,  or  harlot.  Holers,  Roh. 
(Hour.  Chron.  p.  20.  In  Clifton1**  translation 
of  Vt'gccius,  holonrt'tt  ILVG  mentioned  us  unfit  to 
be  chosen  knights.  MS.  Douce,  291,  f.  10. 

HOUJEARDKSS.    Hulberts.    Union,  p.  1. 

HOLD.  (1)  A  fortre^.    (,*.-£) 

(2)  To  cry  hold  /  an  authoritative  way  of  sepa- 
rating combatants,  according  to  the  old  mili- 
tary laws  at  tournaments,  etc, 

(3)  Mold  the?,  i.  v.  tuk«  the  letter,  &c.    See  Ben 
Jonson,  ed,  Clifford,  iv,  3  17. 

(4)  A  dispute,  or  argument,    East. 

(5)  Trust  ;  faithfulness.      ThtM  in  no  hold  in 
him,  i*«.  he  is  false  and  treacherous. 

(6)  To  take  care  ;  to  beware. 

(7)  A  stag  was  said  to  take  his  hold,  when  lie 
went  into  cover.  Seo  the  Cent.  Roe. 

(8)  To  hoUl  #/i#»V  w/vj,  to  per.mt  in  the  same  con- 
duct*    To  hold  one  kirk,  to  k«iep  clow  to  the 
point.    To  hold  for  ffwrf,  to  approve.     To  hold 
household,  to  live  thriftily.     To  hutd  out  in 
Aa;jdfT  to  persuade  him,  to  amwe  in  order  1o 
deceive.     To  hold  one  with  a  tafa  to  keep  him 
dawdling  with  trifling  conversation.     Hold 
belly  hold,  glutted,  satiated.    A'of  Jit  to  hold 
the  caudle  /or  very  inferior  to.     To  hold  with, 
to  agree  itt  opinion.     To  be  in  httldi  to  be 
grappling  with  one  another. 

(0)  To  bet  a  wager.  To  hold  a  jwe/my,  to  bet  a 
trifle. 


(  10}  To  put  a  price  on  a  thi»g.  "  What  hold  you 
thi%  Ixwk  at  ?"    Also,  to  agree  to  a  bargain. 


UOtDR.  (I)  014 

O  wy  m  wfe»r«?  y  ^yt  » 


(2)  Held ;  considered. 

Humility  was  tho  biholde, 
And  pride  was  a  vice  holde. 

Cower,  MS.  Soc.  Antiq.  134,  f.  32 

(3)  Friendship ;  fidelity.     (W.-A)    Also  an  aU 
jective,  faithful. 

Ant  .suore  othc«  ^oWe, 

That  huerenon  ue  sholde 

Horn  never  bytreye.  Kyng  Horn,  1259. 

HOLDERS.  (1)    The  fangs  of  a  dog.    West, 

f2)  Sheaves  placed  as  ridges  on  corn  stacks  to 
hold  the  corn  down  hefore  the  thatching  takes 
place.  Derb.  * 

HOLD-FAST..  A  phrase  used  to  horses  to  move 
from  one  cock  of  hay  to  the  next  m  carting  it, 
as  well  as  to  caution  the  men  on  the  top  to 
hold  fast.  far.  dial. 

IIOLD-FUE.    Putrid  blood.    North. 

HOLDING.  (1)  A  farm.     Cornw. 

(2)  The  hurden  of  a  song.    SkaJc. 

HOLDYN.    Beholden.    Ipomydon,  1840. 

HOLDYNLYCIIE.  Firmly.  Translated  by  /™- 
citer  in  MS.  Egerton  829. 

HOLE.  (1)  A  game  played  by  ladies,  mentioned 
by  Miege,  inv.  Trou.  It  consisted  in  trund- 
IJng  little  balls  into  eleven  hole^  at  the  end  of 
a  bench,  and  is  the  same  game  ab  2V«/i/'v, 
q.v.  This  game  is  mentioned  in  Taylor's 
Motto,  12mo.  Lond.  1 622,  sig.  D.  iv.  «  I  rou 
Madame,  the  game  called  trunkes,  or  the 
Hole,'*  Cotgrave. 

(2)  The  name  of  one  of  the  worst  apartments  in 
the  Counter  prison.   To  hole  a  person,  to  send 
him  to  gaolj  Craven  Dial.  i.  231. 

(3)  To  undermine.    North.    To  make  holes,  or 
bore.     Pr.  Parv.  p.  2-13. 

(4)  Entire  ;  whole;  sound.    (^.-5.)     "  Be  hole 
hundrethcz  on  hye,"  MS.  Mortc  Artlmre,  f. 
77.    Also  a  verb,  to  heal  or  cure. 

Yachalle  m  a  lytulle  stowncle 
Make  th>s  knyghte  /M/<?  and  fere. 

MS.  C<Mtab.  Ff.  n.  38,  f.  155. 

(5)  Hollow  ;  deep  ;  concave.  North.  Metapho^i- 
cully,  hungry,  cheerless,  or  comfortless. 

(0)  A  scrape,  or  difficulty.    Par.  dial. 

m  Concealed.    See  Octovian,  1355. 

(8)  To  earth,  as  a  fox,  &c.    North. 

(<))  To  hide.     Middleton,  ii.  400. 

( 1 OJ  Middle ,    See  Craven  Gloss,  i.  23 1 . 

(11)  Hcle  zn  one's  coat,  a  blemish  or  imper- 
fection, Var.  dial. 

HOLELYCIIE.    Wholly,     f  I  fame. 

HOLETTtfZ.    Holes. 

And  he  hadd  grcte  mcrveylle,  and  a&ked  thame 
if  thay  hadd  ai>y  other  hows£zr  and  th«y  anauerd* 
»nd  s;tid,  nay,  botin  thir  lutlettez  duelle  we  alwayt-. 

1     and  in  thir  eaves.  MS.  Lincoln  A.  i.  17,  f.  3D. 

HOLGII.    Hollow;    empty.    (4.-S.)     f/olte, 
Forme  of  Cury,  p.  78.     HolJcet,  hollow,  sunk, 
Anturs  of  Arther,  ix.  12.    "  His  eighen  waxes 
holle,"Reliq.  Antiq,  i.  54. 
HOLIMAUL.    To  beat.  Somerset. 
HOLINTRE,    A  holly-tree.  Reliq.  Antiq.  i.  82, 

Holiness,    (/A-5.) 
In  heven  »hal  thai  wotie  with  me, 
outcn  pyue  wtih  ftotttf, 

3/A'.  Cantab.  Vf.  v,  4$,f.  U, 


HOL 


456 


IlOM 


HOLL.  (1)  To  throw,     far.  dial 

(2)  A  narrow,  or  dry  ditch.   East. 

(3)  Hollow.   SeetfofrA. 

So  it  felle  that  a  knyghte  of  Macedoyne,  that 
hyjte  2ephilusf  fand  water  standynge  In  an  halls 
stane,  that  was  gaciird  thare  of  the  deweof  the  he- 
vene.  MS.  'Lincoln  A.  i.  17,  f.27, 

HOLLAND-CHEESE.  Dutch  cheese.  Seethe 
Citye  Match,  fol.  1639,  p.  10. 

HOLLAKDS.   Dead  branches  of  trees.  Sussex. 

HOLLARDY-DAY.     Holy-rood  clay.     West. 

HOLLE.  Sound;  well.  (A.-S.}  "Whilhewas 
hoik  and  sounde,"  MS.  Cantab.  Ff.  v.  48, 
f.  51.  It  occurs  in  R.  de  Brunne. 

HOLLEIC    Aholyhock.   Nominale  MS. 

HOLLEN.  The  common  holly.  North.  See 
Percy's  Heliques,  p.  281. 

HOLLER.    Better  in  health.    (^.-S.) 
He  cussed  tho  jerdes  knelyng  there. 
Was  he  never  holler  eie, 
Cursor  Mwndt,  MS.  Coll.  Trin.  Cantab,  f.  51. 

HOLLING.  The  eve  of  the  Epiphany,  so  called 
at  Brough  in  Westmoreland,  where  there  is  an 
annual  procession  of  an  ash  tree,  lighted  on 
the  tops  of  its  branches,  to  which  combustible 
matter  has  been  tied.  This  custom  5s  in  com- 
memoration of  the  star  of  the  wise  men  of 
the  East. 

HOLLOBALOO.  A  tumultuous  noise;  con- 
fusion, accompanied  with  noise. 

HOLLOCK.  A  kind  of  sweet  wine.  It  is  men- 
tioned in  Gascoigne's  Delicate  Diet,  Jsond. 
1576;Florio,  p.  17. 

HOLLOW.  To  Imt  a  person  hollow,  to  gain  a 
contest  thoroughly,  where  much  less  exertion 
would  hare  carried  the  point.  Hollow  or  fiat, 
a  game  mentioned  in  the  Nomenclator, 
8vo.  Lond.  1585,  p.  298. 

HOLLOW-MEAT.  Poultry,  rabbits,  &c.,  any 
meat  not  sold  by  butchers.  East.  Also  called 
hollow-ware. 

HOLLY.  Entirely ;  wholly.  (A.-S.)  Hottyche, 
Chron.  "Vilodun.  p,  19. 

HOLM.  (1)  Flat  land ;  a  small  island ;  a  deposit 
of  soil  at  the  confluence  of  two  waters.  Flat 
grounds  near  water  are  called  holms.  "Some 
call  them  the  holmes,  hicause  they  lie  low, 
and  are  good  for  nothing  but  grasse/'  Har- 
rison's Descr.  of  England,  p.  43. 

(2)  The  holly.  Some  apply  the  term  to  the 
evergreen  oak,  but  this  is  an  error. 

HOLM-SCREECH.   The  missel-thrush.    West. 

HOLN.    Hid ;  concealed.   (^..£) 

HOLON DIS.    High  lands ;  dry  ground. 

HOLPE.  Helped.  Still  in  use,  Holpyn  occurs 
in  the  same  sense. 

And  for  thou  hast  holpyn  me  now, 
Ever  more  felowes  I  and  thow. 

MS.  Cantab  Ff.v.  48,f.53. 

HOLSTEK.    To  bustle.    Exmoor, 
HOLSUM.    Wholesome.     Lydgate, 
HOLSY.    To  tie  by  twisting,  &c.   Befo. 
HOLT.  (1)  A  grove,  or  forest,    (,£-£)     Holies 
hore.  the  hoary  woods,  a  very  common  ex- 
pression in  early  poetry.    The  term  is  still  in 
t^e  for  a  $m&Q  plantation,  and  appears  even 


in  early  timosto  ha\«  IHTU  generally 
to  a  forest  of  :>!»all  extent.     Drw^t'it  >;tys  it  Sa 
"a  peaked  hill  co\ori'd  with  w(tn  1,"*  u  stkuso 
which  exactly  suits  the  rtmf*'.\t  in  th?'  quota. 
tions  given  !>y  IVrcy.     A*  A  hoult,  ur  gru\e  of 
trees  about  a  houses"  Howt'U. 
Now  they  hye  to  thcfeiW<»r  tht(s  h.vr.j^'oxts  hnyflhtte*, 
To  herkene  of  the  hye  nu-nc  to  hcljicDe  thi  i<*  Umlcx. 


(2)  Holt  for  hottetfi.    See  Mauntoile,  p.  1B2; 
Reliq.  Antiq.i.  111. 

(3)  To  halt,  or  stop.    Var.  dial. 

(4)  A  holing,  going  into  a  hole,  or  putting  a  ball 
into  a  hole,  which  is  required  at  several  games. 
I  gained  three  points  at  one  holt,  I.  e,  at  one 
holing. 

(5)  SameasJtfW(5). 

HOLTLESS.    Careless  ;  heedless.    Hertf. 

HOLUS-BOLUS.    AH  at  once.    Zme. 

HOLY-BYZONT.    A  ridiculous  figure.    North. 

HOLYMAS.    All  Saints-day.    East. 

HOLYROP.    Wild  hemp.  *  Gerartl 

HOLYS.    Hulls  ;hubks.     Warner. 

HOLY-STONE.  A  stone  with  a  hole  through  it 
naturally,  and  supposed  to  bo  of  great  efficacy 
against  witchcraft.  A'orM, 

HOLY-WAKE.    A  bonfire.     Glove. 

HOLY-WATER,  Htfy-walfr  font,  hoty-wattr 
vat,  the  vessel  containing  holy-water  carried 
about  in  religious  processions.  Hoty-watcrr 
stone,  the  stone  vessel  for  holy-wat<»r,  placed 
near  the  entrance  of  a  church.  The  latter  i& 
called  a  holy-water  stock  by  Pula^rave.  Holy- 
water  cterb,  a  wityricol  name  for  a  poorxdio- 
lar.  "  s/gue&ajitlwfj  a  lioliwatur  clt'rke/' 
(Nominale  MS.)  a  person  who  carried  the  holy- 
water.  The  term  occurs  in  Ljdgate. 

Anthony  Knrvet  hath  oi>teyn*Hl  the  Bhshf»j*rik  qf 
KHdaretoasymplc  Irish  prt'stt*,  u  vaual^tmdc.  with- 
out leniyng,  manerB,  orgixidqutttityf1,  not  worthy 
to  bee  a  hally-wat^r  clerc.  State  P&WM,  H,  HI. 

IIOMAGEK,    A  vassal    (A.~N.} 
A»d  ever  withovrttyne  askyng,  he  «r»d  his  ay«»r» 
erir  to  Arthurs  whjllet  hi*  tyffe  IAM*. 

Mttrte  Arthuret  MS.  Lmrttlu<,  f.  tW. 
And  aftur  kyngys  xv., 
That  homaff«rit#  to  hym  bene. 

MS,  Cantab.  Ff,  ilWt  f  I«7' 
HOMARD.    Homeward.    See  the  Prere  au<l 

the  Boy,  eel  Wright,  st.  22, 
HOMBER.    A  JuLmmer.     We»t. 
HOMBLE.    A  duck,    Dow/. 
HOME.  (1)  Them.    Sec  Sir  ttcgrevani,  i2. 
(2)  Clo&ely;  urgently.    £asf, 
HOMEBRBDS,    Young  kine,  bred  at  U<ntit\  or 

on.  the  premises.    JSasf. 
HOMECOMK.     Arrival.    AV/A, 
HOME-DWELLERS,  Inhabitants  of  any  plan*, 

as  opposed  to  strangers. 
HOME-HARVEST.    A  harvest-home.  Line* 
HOMELINGS.    Natives;  residents.    See  liar- 

rison's  Description  of  Britaine,  p.  6. 
HOMELLS.    Larg«  feet.    Jfom 
HOMELY.  (1)  FamUiarly*    To  be  homely  witli 
a  woman,  &c.  Horman. 


HON 


457 


HOG 


Take  the  spices  and  Urynk  the  wyne 
As  homely  fit>  I  did  of  thyr)5. 

J/A'.  Qt.ttab*  Ff.  v.  4ft,  f.  55. 

(2)  Saucily;  pertly.    Ord.  and  Reg.  p.  156. 
HOMEHE.     To  mumble.     Nominate  MS. 
HOMERED.     Hammered;  struck.     (J.-S.) 
HOME-SCREECH.    Themibsle-thrush.    West. 
HOMESTALL     Ahomesteid.    East. 
HOME-TO.     Except.     Somerset. 
HOMILELE.     Humble.     (J.-S.) 
Love  maketh  in  the  Laid  mom 

MS, 

HOMING.    Ridiculous.     TTflNto. 
HOMLINESSE.  Domestic  management.  (./.-&) 
HOMMERED.     Decayed;  mouldy.     YorA-a/i, 
HOMPEL.    A  kind  of  jacket,     Xorth. 
HOMSOM.     Wholesome ;  agreeable. 

That  growcth  fullc  of  fwinwn  flouris  fay  re. 

Lyttgttte,  MS.  &><:  Jttttq.  l&t,  f.  12. 

HOMUKS.    Large  legs.     /W*. 
HOXDE.  (1)  A  hound,  or  dog.   (.,£-&)   Monties- 
tout/?,  the  herh  hoimd's-tongue,  MS.  Lincoln 
Medic,  llec.  f.  283. 

(2)  A  hand.    And  honflc  I  fhf  ketf,  I  promise 
you  on  my  hand,  Sir  Degrevant,  832,  1272. 
The  Almayns  flewe  with  ther  Uromlyj* 
Bryght  tlrawen  in  thor  Aftiufy*. 

«VS.  Cantab.  Kf.  H.rW,  f.  10$. 

HONPEN.    Hands.    Chron.  Yilod.  p.  79. 

HONDKXE. 

Make  cure  osrago  atcse,  thiso  avennuut  chsUlyrtw, 
And  luk  je  ht»ul?,He  them  alle  that  in  myne  mft*  U'nfli'Z. 
Jftn'te  drtlutrr,  3/A*.  loimuiti,  f.  (17. 

HONOI2R.     A  hundred.     MVw/a. 

HON'D-HABWMJ.     Stealing.     (./.-&) 

HONE.  (1)  Stockings ;  hose.     A  */•//*. 

(2)  To  delay.    Towndcy  M  vhtcrh-h,  }>.  11 . 

(3)  Shame;  mockery.     (-/.-.V.) 

SIrGawayn  aiHwcr«l,  a!*  ntrtnyn, 
Thou  g.il  nught  d.i,  Kir,  .ik  thou  sm.s ; 
This  honowr  sal  n  ght  In'  myne, 
Bot  swtw  It  aw  wdt*  at  l«'  thino ; 
I  gtf  it  the  h«r»  wJthowtt-n  />o;/irt 
And  grantee  that  I  nm  utuitmt*. 

Yit'itttti'  atut  (hi win,  p.  1S4. 

(4)  A  hand.    („/.-£)     Aluo,  a  Iwrkbtiiii*. 

(5)  Any.    *'  In  hone  way,"  MS,  Douce  301 

(6)  To  long  for;  to  desire.    Aor/A*     Lye  has 
this  as  a  Devonshire  word, 

(7)  To  swell ;  to  lucreo**.    far.  rf/a/, 

(8)  To  ill  treat,  or  oppresn.     t'ra^r^ 

(9)  A  thin    piece  of   dry  and  fetale    bread, 
Devon.   Also,  an  oil-cak«, 

HONEST,  (1)  Nobto  ;  hontmrahle.    (^-V.) 

(2)  Chaste.    This  sense  is  htill  returned  in  the 
phrase,  h*  ha*  mod*  an  Ao«/**/  wamtn  af  Aw, 
i.  e*  married,  her  after  having  lad  her  a»tr«y» 

(3 )  To  do  honour  to.    Jumtm, 
HONESTEE.  Honour;  virt«e \  «l<i<rcn<7 ;  good 

manners.    (^*-M) 

HONESTNA8.  Ornament.  Bliwkf«  note*  to 
Chronifxm.  Vllodun*  p*  64* 

HONESTY.    The  herh  talbmuclL 

HONEY.  To  twecteu,  or  flight;  coax,  or 
flutter ;  to  <mr«»s.  It  is  stUl  used  ««  A  term 
of  endearment.  Uuloet,  In  his  Ahcedarium, 
1W2,  to  honeycomb  in  the  latter  6en*c. 


HONEY-CRACIL     A  small  plum,  very 
mentioned  by  Forby,  in  v. 

HONEY-LINGUfeD/  Honoy-tongucd.    (Lai,} 

HONEY-POTS.  A  boy's  game.  They  roll 
themselves  up,  and  arc  then  pretended  to  he 
carried  to  market  by  others  as  honey,  the 
amusement  consisting  in  the  difficulty  of  con- 
tinning  in  the  required  position. 

HONEYSTALKS.  Clover  ilouers,  which  eon- 
tain  a  sweet  juice.  It  is  common  for  cuttle  to 
overcharge  themselves  \\ith  clover,  and  die. 
AVrftv. 

HONKYSUCK,    The  woodhine.     Mst. 

HONEYSUCKLE*  According  to  Culpepper, 
the  Ythite  honeysuckle  and  red  lioney.suekht 
were  names  of  the,  \shite  and  red  suits  of 
meadow  trefoil.  In  the  West  of  England, 
the  red  clover  is  still  called  honeysuckle. 
See  also  (icrard's  HerhaHt  ed,  Jt)lmsonr  p. 
1187.  The  yellow-rattle  is  likewise  so  called. 

HONGE.     To  hang.     Lytiyatt. 

In  cvylletyme  thou  Uctiy»»t  hym  wronge; 
He  ys  myu  *me  ;  y  aduitlt"  th«  /«»»»^. 

MS  (\iHtali.  Ft*.  U  ,'«»,  f.lSK 

IIONGET.    Hanged.    (J.-.s.) 

Hum  of  theim  was  l'(m»lc  *nrt>, 
And  at'turwurde  fum^'t  t;»  ri'<  re. 

*r,v.  (tonttA.  Kf.  v.  w,  f  48. 

HONICOMB,  A  flaw  or  deled  in  a  piece  uf 
ordnance;,  or  small  cannon. 

HONISHEl).  Starved  with  hunger  and  cohl. 
I.ann.  Hence,  lenuuud  miserable. 

HONKOUTH.  Strange;  Imvi'zu.  "An  hojw 
k<uith  Iond«',f>  Uemhrun,  p.  4111. 

HONOUANCK.     llontmr.     ^/..4V.) 

Ill  ttltlHil'flt  *V  <>f  ,Ih<'HU  CrMHt, 

•SJtU'th  KtiUeaml  lunvth  l^i.  ,VX  .A.'rf./,  HKI.IK,  f.ifc/, 
In  the  A.  <w  «»«>««•*•  <»f  »w*'t«*  Jtu(*u, 
Th.it  »»  LovrriJ  ful  of  vt-rtu, 


,v.  l^iwrf.  m,  f,  I 


Of  is  liif  ami  o 


word  fcprwumnlto  he  the  longest  i 
It  fretjuently  occurs  in  old  plnyfc. 
HONOIJ  «.     Oheiwancc.     blrtchrr* 
HONOlTR-HRKiHT.    A  \i»»y  common 

tutitm  of  integrity.    /  ar,  thai, 
HO.NOCRIHK.     Adorned,     (,/.-,V) 
tHtnti/#f  onuimentH,  Tundule,  j*.  f>0. 
tl{>NT,'(I)  A  huutaman.    (./.-s.) 
(2)  lUunt    Kyng  Alhaunder,  fuWl. 
HONTKYB.     IHshdiuHir;  itifamj.     (,'/.-A*,) 
IIONTLK.     A  handful     AVM/ 
HONY-S\YBTK.    Swwst  a-.  Imni»y.     (  J..&) 
H(M>.  (1)  Halt  ;  ntop.     See  ////  ^2), 
I  *rr  fulk-  IVwp  that  «»ui«p>e  I*  rtt 
Who  haf  ft*  *»  niix'ftt  that  <*«»  «*y  A««» 

IT^,  C^w^A.  Kf,  it.  -TJt.  f  **. 
When  th«m  art  ta«ht#  th^t  thoo  tehuHt  »t  AM 
Of  *w*t>nfc,  but  wlwm  hy  t  wtw  netl^ 
Thou  K-ornwt  thrm  thut  *cy«  cht  MX*, 
Thttti  iak«ftt  to  myo  tweityg  oon  rmic, 

J«/,V.  /A^/t  f,  17. 

(2)  A  ery  fn  bunting* 

No*  I*  the  fox  tlrcvln  to  holt»,  hoo  to  hym,  h<o«»»  h«to  ! 
For  wad  h«  crtfpc  out  he  will*  yuw  nlu-  iind... 

Krcerpta  l!>tf'.>  »•>,.  n.  •' 

HOOP.  (i)\\<HHt. 


EDO 


458 


HOP 


(2)  The  same  as  Coffin^  q,  v. 
HOOD-END.    The  hob  of  a  grate.     Yorh/i. 
HOODERS.    The  two  sheaves  at  the  top  of  a 
shock  to  throw  off  the  rain.    Also  called 
hood-sheaves,  and  hoods.  North. 
HOODKIN.    A  leather  bottle  formerly  used  by 

physicians  for  certain  medicines. 
HOODMAN-BLIND.  Blind-man's  ImiF.  See 
Florio,  pp.  26, 301,  480;  Nomendutor,  p.  298 ; 
Cotgrave,  in  v.  Capifoit,  Clme-uHtcettPi  Savatef 
Cooper,  1559,  in  v.  Mya.  It  h  called  Hob 
man  blind  in  the  two  Angrie  Women  of 
Abington,  p.  113,  and  Hoodwink  byDrayton. 
"  The  hoodwinks  play,  or  hoodrnanblinde,  in 
some  places  called  the  blindmanbuf,"  Baret's 
Alvearie,  1580,  H.  597. 
HOODMOLD.  A  moulding  projecting  over  a 

door  or  window.     Yorkslt. 
HOOFE.     To  hove,  hover,  or  stand  off.   (,-/.-£) 
And  kastedowne  a  stone,  and  stony e  munye  knj^tos, 
Whyle  we  shalle  hixtfi**  ami  byholdi?,  and  no  stroke' 
smyte.  jifff.  C«tt.  C<i!t$<  A,  ii.  f.  118. 

HOOIND.    Much  fatigued.     Yortih. 
HOOK.    An  instrument  of  a  curved  form  \\ith 
which  some  sorts  of  corn  are  cut.    The  differ- 
ence between  a  hook  and  a  sickle  is  that  a 
hook  is  broad    with  a  sharp  edge,  whilst  a 
sickle  has  a  narrow  blade  with  a  serrated  edge. 
JBy   hook  or  by   crook,    by   one  means   or 
another ;  a  very  common  phrase.     It  occurs 
in  Du  Bartas,  p.  404  ;  Flono,  p,  72.     Hook  is 
a  common  term  of  reproach  in  early  writers. 
HOOK-BACKED.     Hump  backed  ;  crooked. 
HOOKER.     Same  as  Hoker,  q.  v. 
HOOK-PISHES.    Those  kind  of  fishes  that  are 

caught  by  hooto.    Line. 
HOOK.SEAMS.     Panniers.    North. 
HOOLE.    Wholly.    Nominate  MS. 

That  arte  to  God  so  acceptable  and  dere, 
That  hoole  his  grace  is  upon  the  falle. 

Lydgate,  MS.  Soc.  Antiq.  134,  f.  2. 
HOOLY.    Tenderly  5  gently.   North. 
HQOM.    An  oven.     Yorksh. 
HOOP.  (1)  A  bull-finch,     Somerset. 
(2}  A  quart  pot,  so  called  because  it  was  formerly 
bound  with  hoaps,  like  a  barrel.    There  were 
generally  three  hoops  on  the  quart-pot,  and 
if  three  men  were  drinking,  each  would  take 
his  hoop,  or  third  portion.    The  term  is  &till 
ia  use,  and  explained  as  a  measure  consisting 
of  four  pecks ;  some  say,  one  peck.     "  ELIf  a 
hoop  of  corn/'  Tullie's  Siege  of  Carlisle,  p. 
22.    According  to  Kennett,  MS.  Lansd.  1033T 
the  hoop  contained  two  pecks  j  but  in  his 
Glossary,  p.  147,  he  says  only  one  peck. 

(3)  Hoop  and  Hide,  an  in-door  game.  Daniel's 
Merrie  England,  i.  5. 

(4)  To  boast,  or  brag.     Line. 
HOOPER.    A  wild  swan.     Kennett. 

HOOH    A  whore.    North.    Jt  occurs  in  the 

Towneley  Mysteries,  p.  148. 
HOOROO.  A  hubbub.  Wane.  "Hoo-roo, 

the  devil's  to  do,"  a  proverb. 
HOORS.  Hoarse.  (A.-S.)  Hoos  occura  in  the 

Prompt.  Parv.  p.  248.   Hoozy,  Cornwall  Gloss. 

p.  95,  and  used  also  in  Devon. 


HOOSLVG.     The  husk  of  a  nut. 
HQOS1VER.     HOWOUT.     >0nUA. 
HOOT.     Hotly?  eagerlj.    (A.-&) 
Hearmyd  hym  a.s>  hv»tt 

And  nunny4  hys  boot.  MS  Cbntab.  Ff.  ii.  38,  f,  1  It* 
HOOTCH.    To  crouch,     //w/. 
HOOVIXU.     Hoeing.     Wwr. 
UOOZE,     A  diftk'ult  biTaiHii:^,  or  half  sou^h, 
peculiar  to  cattle.    AVr/A.    See  the  Pr.  Parv. 
and  Honn. 

HOP.  (1)  A  dance,     far.  dial,    Ako  a  verb,  as 
in  the  following  example. 
But  yf  that  he  unto  your  j»r,ice  ^(teynf, 
AnU  at  a  revell  for  to  *e  yow  A«^jw.   .MS.  Vturfa  t  Iti, 

(2)  To  kop  the  iw*g,  to  escape  on^'s  cn'diiorn. 
Also,  to  die.  The  latter  is  more  cummon. 

(3)  \Vood  fit  for  hop-poles.    Ktitt, 
(4)Tojo^,  or  jolt.    Howll. 
HOP-ABOUTS,    Apple-dumplings.     fl*f#f* 
HOP-ACRE.    About  half  an  acre,  <jr  that  space 

of  ground  which  is  occupied  by  a  thousand 
plants,  fltrrf. 

HOP-CREASE.    Tlic  guiutt  of  h»p-scotoh. 

HOP-DOG.  An  insfnuiu'iit  IISM!  to  draw  hop- 
poles  out  of  the  ground.  A*a//. 

HOPE.  (1 }  I lelped     J  «/*.  ///«/. 

(2)  To  expect  j  to  trust ;  to  thinK.   AKo,  (*%pt»tf- 
tation.    {/f.-6'.)    **So«n{  hopt-d  !«»  \un  fli»i 
feud  of  hell,"  i,  c.  thought,  Snju  rf.j^c^,  UHI2. 
The  occurrence  of  the  word  \\itli  thv  tt,t*;nui)j£% 
here  given  has  led  some  modern  editors  into, 
many  strange  blunders. 

(3)  A  valley.    Also,  a  hill.    North.    The  term 
occurs  in  the  Morte  Arthurs,  MS.  I<iucuh»,  f, 
80,  "  thorovve  hopes." 

HOPE-RING.    A  hoop-ring? 

A  gret  rmg  of  gtmhl  on  hirf  Jyttcll  Hu^'rnit  hi« 
right  hand,  like  a  wedding  riijfle,  a/i*»/i«'-»ji  v,\ 

Af,V../ff/jw,^H(^rf,5<f, 
HOP-HARLOT.     See  ttap-kariot. 
HOP-HEADLESS.    \Vhen  a  king  I 
person,  he  was  said  to  make  him  hup  /, 
a  phrase  which  occurs  in  nmay  ctirly  uritcr«, 
and  was  even  applied  to  dtvujtifatiwMi*  battk. 
See  Laagtoft,  y.  Uil ;  Uallr  Kthvard  IV,,  f.  3. 
Vaspabiane  in  the  vale  the  won  ante  b>ho!  Irt  J^, 
How  tho  hethen  happed  h? rf/w  to  the  ur<nn«tl<f. 

MH.  &'tt.C'<//w  A.  !i.f   114. 

HOP-HORSES.    Ladders  ft»r  tb«  \mr^v  of 

horsing  hops.    See  lion*  (5). 
HOPHOULAD.    A  species  of  moth  which  ap- 

pears  in  May.     Wore. 
HOPKIN.     A  treat  to  labewrns  aftt-r  http. 

picking.    Kent. 

HOP-0-DOCK.    A  larn*>  \\vMrn.     Cratvit. 
HOPOLANIX    A  military  cloak,  wacli;  of  t«»ar^ 

cloth.     SeeTcdt  Vetust.,  pp.  IK/, '2!H.     TU 

term  was  applied  to  several  kind*  of  lm*0 

garments, 
HOP-O-My-THUMB.    A  very  dfrninittiw  j»*r- 

son.     /  'nr.  dial    "  HopjHJ  tifiou  my 
fretilton"  PalfiKrave. 
HOPPE.    Linseed,    Prompt, 
IIOPPEN,    A  maggot  .  So 
HOPPER.    A  «ccd.b»«k«t    "  A 

hopeiv,"  M«.   Kgerttni  82^ 


HOR  4 

applied  to  a  person  with  large  buttocks.  Ken- 
uett  says,  *'  any  one  whose  lameness  lies  iu 
the  hip  is  called  hopperarsed."  Ho\\ell  lias 
the  term  hopper-hipped.  Lex.  Tet.  sect.  21. 
Hopper-cake,  a  seed-cake  with  plums  in  it, 
with  which  the  fanners  treat  their  servants 
\vhen  seed-time  is  finished. 

HOPPER-FREES.  When  the  tenants  of  the 
manor  of  Sheffield  ground  their  corn  at  the 
lord's  mill,  some  of  them  \\ere  called  hopper- 
frees,  being  privileged  in  consequence  of  some 
extraordinary  service  which  they  performed 
in  keeping  the  \\eirs  upon  the  river  in  good 
repair.  Hallamshire  Gloss,  p.  51. 

HOPPER. TROUGH.  The  box  in  a  mill  into 
which  the  grain  is  put  for  grinding.  West. 

HOPPESTERES.     Dancers.     (A.-S.) 

IIQPPET.  (1)  To  hop.    Somtwef. 

(2)  A  hand-basket.     I'ar.  dial     Also,  the  dish 
used  by  miners  to  measure  their  ore  iu. 

(3)  An  infant  in  arms,     Yorhh. 
HOPPING.  (1)  The  game  of  prison-bars,  in 

which  the  persons  who  play  hop  throughout 

the  game,   gerfcs. 
(2)  A  dancing.     A  country  fair  or  wake,  at 

which  dancing  is  a  principal  amusement,  is  so 

called  in  the  North  of  England. 
Men  made*  song  and  hopwg?nt 
OgAin  the  oomi.'  of  this  kmges. 

drthwrand  ftferliH,  p.  332. 
HOPPING-DEttBY.   A  diminutive  lame  poison. 

North.     Forby  has  ho^pbi(j'(jilan^  a  common 

appellation  of  any  one  who 'limps. 
HOPPING-MAJX    Violently  angry.     Glow. 
HOPPIT.    A  small  field,  generally  one  uuar  a 

house,  of  a  square  form.    j&wu?. 
HOPPLE.    To  tie  the  feet  of  an  animal,  to  pre- 
vent it  straying.    Hence,  Caw-ho$ptes.    Also, 

to  manacle  a  felon,  or  prisoner. 
HOPPLING.    Tottering?  moving  weakly  and 

unsteadily.    East. 
HOPPY.    To  hop,  or  caper.    West.    This  form 

occurs  in  Skelton,  i  113. 
HOP-SCOTCH.    A  common  children's  game. 

The  object  proposed  in  this  game  is  to  eject  a 

stone,  slate,  or "  dump'7  out  of  a  form  linearly 

marked  on  the  ground  in  different  directions, 

by  hopping,  without  touching  any  of  the  lines. 

Called  Jfopscore  in  Yorkshire. 
HOPSHACKLES.    Conjectured  by  Narc«  to  be 

some  kind  of  shackles  imposed  upon  the  loser 

of  a  race  by  the  judges  of  the  contest    The 

term  is  used  by  A&cham, 
HOP-THUMB.    See  Hop^o-my-thumb, 
A  cockney  eland fj> rat  hopfovwb, 
Prettye  lad  jEnca*.  Sttaiyttuivft  Virgil.  1SS3,  p.  71, 

HOP-TO,    A  grasping  fellow,  one  who  jumps  at 

everything.    Su/oSc. 
HOQUBTON.    Thegambeson.    (/sUV.) 
HORCOP.    A  bastard.    JPahffrave. 

For,  *yr,  he  »eyde,  hy  t  w«r«  not  fay  re 
A  ftfrcop  to  be  yowre  heyre. 

MS.  Cantab,  ff.  II,  38,  t.  7$, 
Then  was  he  an  horcopp! 
Thou  Mf tie  fotbc,  maystyr,  be  my  toppe  r 

w.  f.  m. 


»9  JHOJR 

I10HD.    Treasure.     (//.-&) 

Hit  bhalbe  thoujt,  if  that  1  mow, 
Hit  js  vvel  kept  in  hwde. 

MS.  Cantab.  Ff.  v.  48,  U  54. 

HORDAN.  Whoredom.  More/tame,  Reliq-  AH- 
tiq.  i.  323.  Horedam,  Ritson. 

Covetys,  ho>d<mt  envie  andprute, 
Has  spred  this  werld  on  lenth  and  wide. 

2tf(S.  Cow.  Vvai.a*.  A  lii.  f.  11 

HORDE.  (1)  A  point,  or  edge.    (M.-S.) 
(2)  A  cow  great  with  calf.  JDevou  MS.  Gl. 
HORDE-HOWS.    A  shed  for  cattle.    Also,  a 
treasure  house,  or  treasury. 
Ryghte  above  Rome  yate, 
Ail  hot  de-fiou's  they  have*  Jet  make. 

MS.  Qnitftb  JPf.  ii.  38,  f.  137. 

HORDEYNE.    Appointed.    R.  Glouc.  p.  452. 
HORDOCK.     A  plant  mentioned  in  some  early 

4to.  editions  of  King  Lear, 
HORE.  (1)  Whoredom ;  adultery, 

Syth  the  tyme  that  Cryst  Jhesu, 
Thorough  hys  grace  «ud  vcrtu, 
Was  in  this  world  bore 
Of  a  mayd  withowt  hwet 
And  thewoilit  Crystendom 
Ajnong  mankynd  first  become, 
Many  adventuifs  hath  be  wroujt, 
That  after  men  kuoweth  noujt. 

MS.  Cell,  (frit  Cantab.  107. 

(2)  Hoary;  aged;  grey.    (^.-&)    To  become 
hoary.     Heliq.  Antiq.  i.  121. 

Leve  we  now  of  kyng  Quaie, 
And  speke  we  of  Armyn  the  fiore. 

MS.  Cantab.  Ff.  h.  38,  f.  192, 
Thys  emperour  waxe  oklo  and  ho>et 
And  thoght  to  sett  hys  bone  to  lore. 

MS.  Ibid.  f.  12;j. 

(3)  Mercy ;  grace ;  favour.    (.  /.-£) 

And  mefcelyche  cryedehurre  mercy  and  fare. 

Chmnicon.  Vilodun.^.  75. 

HOREHO"WSE.     A  brothel.    Prompt.  Parv* 
HORELJNG.    An  adulterer.    (^.-5.) 

And  wendebi  heom  that  is  wiif 

And  hire  howling-  It  were.     MS.  Laud.  108,  f.  116. 

HORELL.     An  adulterer.    (^.-£) 

IIORESIIED.    Hoarseness.    Arch.  xxx.  409. 

IIO  RE  WORT.     The  herb  cudweed. 

HORHOWNE.  The  plant  horehound.  "  An 
heved  hor  als  horhowne,"  Reliq.  Antiq.  ii.  9. 

HORN.  (1)  A  corner.    Kent.    (W.-S.) 

(2)  To  gore  with  the  horns.     Korf. 

'")  In  a  horn  when  the  devil  in  Wind,  spoken 
ironically  of  a  thing  never  likely  to  happen. 
Devon. 

HORNAGE.  A  quantity  of  corn  formerly  given 
yearly  to  the  lord  of  the  manor  for  every  ox 
worked  in  the  plough  on  lands  within  his  juris- 
diction. See  Cotgrave,  in  v.  DrM. 

IIOKN-BOOK,  A  single  sheet  protected  with 
horn,  formerly  used  by  children  for  learning 
their  alphatak  It  wa#  usually  suspended  from 
the  girdle.  Pegge  gives  the  phrase  to  breaJe 
one's  horfr-tiooJc,  to  incur  displeasure. 

HORN~Bl/R$.  To  bum  the  horns  of  cattUs 
with  t&e  owners*  initials.  North. 

HORNCOOT,    An  owl.    Baiky. 

HOftNBD.    Mitred.    MS.  Bodl.  538. 

HORNEN.    Made  of  horn.     J'ar.  dial. 


HOB, 


460 


IIOK 


HORNER.  (1)  A  cuckold.    DMer. 

(2)  A  maker  of  horns,  Homeresser,  a  female 
horner.  Palsgrave, 

IIORNEY.  A  falsehood ;  a  cheat.  North.  Also 
a  name  of  the  devil. 

HORNEY-TOP.  The  end  of  a  cow's  horn,  made 
like  a  top  for  t>oys  to  play  \vilh. 

HORN-PAIR  An  annual  fair  held  at  Charlton, 
in  Kent,  on  St.  Luke's  day,  the  18th  of  Octo- 
ber. It  consists  of  a  riotous  woh,  who,  after 
a  printed  summons  dispersed  thiough  the  ad- 
jacent towns,  meet  at  Cuckold's  Point,  near 
Deptford,  and  march  from  thence,  in  proces- 
sion, through  that  towa  and  Greenwich,  to 
Charlton,  with  horns  of  different  kinds  upon 
their  heads ;  and  at  the  fair  there  are  sold 
ram's  horns,  and  every  sort  of  toy  made  of 
horn ;  even  the  gingerbread  figures  have  horns. 
It  was  formeily  the  fashion  for  men  to  go  to 
Horn- Fair  in  women's  clothes.  See  further  in 
Grose  and  Brand. 

HORNICLJE.    A  hornet.    Sussex. 

HORNKECKE.  The  fish  green-back.  Pakgrase. 
It  occurs  apparently,  as  a  term  of  contempt,  a 
foolish  fellow,  in  Skelton,ii.  77. 

HORN-MAD.  Raving  mad.  See  the  Optick 
Glasse  of  Humors,  1639,  pp.  47,  129,  165; 
W.  Mapes,  p.  285.  Hornewood,  Stanihur&t, 
p.  26 ;  Chester  Plays,  li,  68. 

HORN-PIE,     The  lapwing.     East. 

HORNS.  To  make  horns  at  a  person,  to  put 
the  forefinger  of  one  hand  between  the  iirst 
and  second  finger  of  the  other.  See  Tarlton's 
Jests,  p.  15 ;  Cotgrave,in  v.  Ciron. 

HOKN-SHOOT.  To  incline  or  diverge,  said  ol 
any  stone  or  timber  which  should  be  parallel 
with  the  line  of  the  wall.  North. 

HORN-THUMB.  A  case  of  horn,  put  on  the 
thumb,  to  receive  the  edge  of  the  knife,  au 
implement  formerly  used  by  cut-purses.  Hence 
the  term  was  used  generally  for  a  pickpocket. 

HORNY-HIC.    A  boys'  game.    Moor,  p.  238. 

HORNY-WINK.    The  lapwing.    Corwo. 

HOROLOGE.    A  clock.     (Lot.) 

HORONE.    The  white  horehound,    Pr,  Pare. 

HOROWE.  Foul.  Chaucer.  Still  used  in 
Devon,  pronounced  horry. 

HORPYD.    Bold.    (A.-S.) 

Hermyte,  me  pays  vele  vrith  thee, 

Thou  arte  a  'hor$yA  frere.  MS.  dsttmole 61. 

HORRIBLETE.    Horribleness.    (jkJV.) 

HORRID GE.  A  house  or  nest  of  bad  characters. 
Dorset. 

HORROCKS.  A  large  fat  woman.   Gloue. 

HORRY.    The  hoar-frost.    Suffolk* 

HORS.    Horses.     Chaucer. 

HORSAM.    Money.     Yorksh. 

HORSBAD.  A  term  of  reproach,  perhaps  cor- 
rupted from  whores-bird. 

HORSBERE.    A  horse-litter.     (<•/.-£) 

HORS-CHARGE.  Horse-load.  \VilL\Verw.  p.  15. 

HORSCHONE.    Horse-shoes.     Lydjate. 

HORSE.  (I)  Hoarse.    (A.-S.} 

(2)  An  obstruction  of  a  vein  or  stratum  hi  a  mine. 
North. 


($)  A  machine  upon  which  auuliin^  \<  \\i\i\  <ried 
by  laying  it  across.  A  pKuik  to  .suiiti  ujx  in 
digging  hi  wet  »ihrhe>  us  M>  railed. 

(4)  Monte  ami f oof,  altogether,  entirely,  u  Hone 
and  halivck  is  s»ai<l  to  be  the  fay  cry  word  \\uoa 
they  go  a  gusbupiug*"  Vrry's  MS.  Adda,  to  Ray. 

(5)  To  tie  the  upper  branches  of  the  hup-plaut 
to  the  polo.    AV«tf. 

lIORSE-BALlilir.  A  <liHt-e  or  bitll  perforincd 
}jy  horses,  ttfaunt. 

HORSE-BA2E.    Wowipr.    Xorthunth 

HORSE  BE  KClf.     The  hornbeam.    ^HA-AW. 

HORS E -H HAM  C L Ji.    The  \\ ild  nw«v     Kurf. 

HOUSE -CH1RI3.    The  her!)  genimnder. 

HORSE-COD.    A  horse  collai      AV/A. 

HO  RS 12 -CORN.  The  biualt  t  w  n  which  m  se}w- 
rated  by  sifting.  /Mwit.  Harrison,  p.  ll*8r 
crives  this  term  to  beans,  peaa,  oats,  <5tc. 

HORSE-COURSEK.  A  hon»( •  ueaier.  Sec  Mar- 
lowe, ii.  178;  Uurrisou'a  Bn^land,  p.  S220. 
The  term  //omww/x'r  is  anil  iu  U5>c  iu  the 
North  of  England. 

HORSEDJE.    0«  horseback. 

The  duke  UMS  ho^f>if  njMViUs 
Hcprikkctl  f  M<;  in  r!u-  i».,ks  if. 

MS.  I,  i^-lft   \.  t.  17,  f,  I»J. 

HORSE-GODMOTHER.  A  large  masculine 
woman,  coarsely  fat.  /  "irr.  dial. 

lu  woman,  augd  iswtetue»s  let  me  «T  ; 
No  galloping  hurxH'ifittlmuthe'i't  for  in^ 

fft«f  Pituktp't  O  *r  *v»  <^*. 

HORSE-GOGS.    A  himl  of  \\Ucl  plum. 
IIORSEHEAD.     Many  wprtenx,  applied  to  j 

mare.    Somerset.    Also,  fiorwAod. 
HORSE  HELME.    A  kind  of  herb,  uientioacd  it 

MS.  Lincoln  Mcd.  f.  200. 
HORSE-HOE.     A  break  of  laud.     ,S'w<M. 
HOUSE-KNAVE.    A  groom.     (./.-.Vj 
And  tru>se  here  hultrls  f^rtli  wttii  IJH-, 
And  &m  but  HH  here  ht>r»t  -k^ure. 

tfutw,  Af»V.  A'<»c.  dtifitt.  i,%4,  f.  US, 
HORSB-KNOP.     Knapweed     far.  dial 
HORSB-LAUGII.     A  loud  hearty  laugh. 
HOKSELDER.    The  herb  wmjwiwta*     It   is 
called  horwlte  in  MS.  Med.  Lms,  t  2K1,  di- 
campane.   Compare  Gerard,  Suppl. 
HORSE-LEECH.     A  horMt».(betor,  or  fnrner. 
IIORSE-LOAVES.     A  kind  of  Im'ttd,  foriunly 
given  to  horses.     It  was  anciently  a  cntmuoa 
phruse  to  say  that  a  dimitmtitu  person  wtts  ii» 
higher  than  thxee  horwj-lcmve*,     A  \s\\uw 
still  current  aays  such  a  one  mit&t  Hand  on 
three  penny  loaves  to  ltn»k  over  the  Wk  ol'  a 
goat,  or,  sometime,  n  daek. 
110RSE-MA-GOG.    AlUgng,    /,W.     A1»of  n 
large  coarse  person,  the.  latter  ln*iiig  likewise 
a  fiorse-tnorfteit  or  hvr 
HORSB-NEST.    A 

an  old  tale.    6'/0ttp. 
HOKSE-NIGHTC'AP.    A  buttdfo  of 
HORSE.PENN tKS*    The  hir»» 
HOJtSB-PLA Y.     Rough  spi>rt. 
UOKSfi-PONI).    A  |K>nd  «u$e<t  chiefly  for  water- 
ing hor«£8.     Tar.  rfwi/, 
HORSB-SHORS.    The  game  of  «** 
was  formerly  pUyed  with 


HOS 


461 


HOT 


HORSE-STINGER.    A  gad-fly.     West. 

HORSE-STONE.    A  liorse-block.    Lane. 

HORSE-STOPPLES.  Holes  made  by  the  feet 
of  horses  in  wet  land.  South. 

HORSE-THISTLE.    The  wild  lettuce. 

HORSE-TREE.  The  beam  on  which  the  tim- 
ber is  placed  iu  a  sawpit.  North. 

HORSE-WARE.    Horse-wash.    Bete. 

HORSIIARDE.  A  keeper  of  horses.  This  term 
occurs  in  Nominale  MS. 

KORSING-STEPS.    Same  as  Horse-stone,  q.  v. 

HORSKAME.  A  curry-comb.  "  Calamistnim, 
a  horskame,"  Nominale  MS. 

HORSTAKE.  A  kind  of  weapon.  "  Horstakes, 
laden  with  wylde  fyer,"  are  mentioned  in  the 
State  Papers,  iii.  543. 

HORT-YARD.  A  garden,  or  orchard.  See 
Florio,  ed.1511,  pp.93,138. 

HO  RYE.  (1)  To  be  anxious.     Dorset. 

(2)  Come  nearer !  An  exclamation  usually  ap- 
plied to  horses.  Deri). 

HOS.    Hoarse.  Ritson.    See  Hoors. 

HOSCHT.    Hushed.    Ritson. 

HOSE.  (1)  The  throat ;  the  neck.     Cuml. 

(2)  The  sheaf  of  corn.    North, 

(3)  Breeches,  or  stockings,  or  both  in  one.     The 
hose  appears  to  have  had  many  various  shapes 
at  different  periods. 

Of  gmle  sylke  and  of  purpull  palle, 
Mantelb  <ibi>ve  they  c  :ste  ,i)l , 
Ifc'fvv  they  had  uppon,  but  no  schont1, 
Barefotc  they  weretkvery  ehone 

MS.  Cantab.  Ff.  ii,  TO,  f.  149. 

•4)  To  embrace.  From  liaise,  q.  v.   SeeKcnnctt,  I 

v  MS.  Lansd.  1033. 

HOSELY.     To  receive  the  sacrament.     See 

Hearne's  Gloss,  to  Rob.  Glouc.  p.  659. 
HOSERK.    Whosoever. 

Also  for  ftosere  wold  come  thctler  the. 

CArow,  niodun  p.  131. 

HO-SHOW.  The  whole  show;  everything  ex- 
posed to  sight.  South.  \ 

HOSIER.  Formerly  this  term  was  applied  to 
tailors  who  sold  men's  garments  ready  made. 

HOSPITAL.  Christ's  Hospital  was  often  called 
the  Hospital  bybld  writers.  Foundlings  were 
sent  there  on  its  first  institution. 

HOSPITALERS.  Religious  persona  who  at- 
tended the  sick  in  hospitals.  (Laf.) 

HOSS.    A  horse.     Var.  dial. 

HOSSE.    To  buxz  about.  Pakgraw, 

HOST.  (I)  Tried,    lane. 

(2)  To  reckon  without  one's  host,  i,  e.  not  to 
consider  all  circumstances.  The  following 
passage  gives  the  original  meaning  of  tins 
phrase,  which  is  still  common. 

But  the!  reekenptl  before  thi'tr  host,  and  so  payed 
more  then  their  uhotte  came  to, 

Hntl,  Htnrv  VI.,  f.  49. 

(fy  To  abode,  or  lodge.    Shak. 

(4)  To  b&  at  hott,  i,  e.  at  enmity. 

HOST  AYE.   To  make  a  hostile  incursion. 

Bee  Estyrc,  wilMhe  cmpwour,  I  ettylle  my«elf<rae 
?o  hwtfiyf,  in  Almaynewith  armedeknyght.r. 

Marie  Arthur«t  US,  Unwln,  f.50 

HOSTE.   To  swell,  or  ferment    Arch,  xxx. 


HOSTELE.  To  give  lodging ;  to  receive  into  an 
inn.  Hostellers,  an  innkeeper.  See  Maimde- 
vile,  p.  214.  The  students  in  the  ancient 
hostels,  or  small  colleges,  at  Cambridge  and 
Oxford,  were  called  hostelers,  Harrison,  p.  152. 
Hostelrie,  an  inn,  or  lodging-house.  Pegge 
has,  Host-house,  an  ale-house  for  the  recep- 
tion of  lodgers. 

And  also  that  soldyors,  ne  others,  shall  t?  ke  no 
horsemete,  ne  maniies  meate,  in  the  said  through e- 
faros  and  borowghe  townes,  but  at  suche  price  as  the 
hostleis  maye  have  a  reasonable  lyve'ng,  whiche 
shalle  mcurrage  them  to  dwell  ther. 

State  Paper*,  h.  506. 

HOSTER.  (1)  An  oyster,    line. 

(2)  A  kind  of  jug  without  a  handle,  Devon. 

IIOSTILEMENTS.  Household  furniture ;  any 
kind  of  utensils  or  implements.  Sometimes, 
hustlements.  (A.-N.) 

HOSTING.  A  hostile  incursion.  See  Stanihurst, 
p.  21 ;  Holinshed,  Chron.  Ireland,  pp.  7,  27. 

Some  sayeth,  the  Kinges  Dcputye  useith  to  make 
so  many  groate  rodes,  jornayes,  andhostdnges,  nowe 
in  the  norths  p.irtyes  of  Wolster,  now  in  the  southt 
partes  of  Mown^ter,  nowe  into  the  west  partyes  of 
Conaught,  and  takeith  the  Kinges  subgcttes  wyth 
hym  by  compulsion.  State  Papeis,  ii.  13. 

IIOSTOUR.  A  goshawk.  It  is  the  translation  of 

ancipiter  in  MS.  Addit.  11579. 
HOISTRIE.    An  inn.    (A.-N.) 
I10STYLDE.   Hospitable.    Also,  put  up  at  an 

inn  or  hostry.   MS.  Bibl.  Keg.  12  B.  i. 
HOT.  (1)  His.    Suffolk. 

(2)  A  finger-stall.    Lane. 

(3)  A  kind  of  basket  used  for  carrying  dung. 
( 'umo. 

(4)  What.    Somerset. 

'5)  Ilight ;  ordered.  Tristrem  Gloss. 
6)  Hot  in  the  spur,  very  earnest  or  anxious  on 
any  subject.  Neither  hot  nor  cold,  under  any 
circumstances.  Hot  peas  and  bacon,  a  game 
similar  to  Hide  and  seek,  only  the  thing  hid 
is  often  inanimate. 

(7)  To  heat,  or  make  hot.    Nott*. 

HOTAGOJE.  To  move  nimbly,  spoken  chiefly  of 
the  tongue.  Sussex. 

HOTCH.  To  shake;  to  separate  beans  from 
peas,  after  they  are  thrashed ;  to  limp ;  to  be 
restless ;  to  move  by  sudden  jerks,  or  starts  ; 
to  drive  cattle ;  to  boil  a  quantity  of  cockles 
together.  North.  When  they  shake  potatoes 
in  a  bag,  so  that  they  may  lie  the  closer,  they 
are  said  to  hotch  them.  Cockles  also  are  said 
to  be  hotched,  when  a  quantity  of  them  has 
been  boiled  together.  It  is  likewise  used  to 
signify  an  awkward  or  ungainly  mode  of  pro- 
gressing ;  as  the  old  woman  said,  "  I  bustled 
through  the  crowd,  and  she  hotched  after  me  f 
and  when  a  man,  walking  with  a  boy,  goes  at 
such  a  rate  as  to  keep  the  latter  on  the  run,  he 
is  described  as  keeping  him  hotchiny.  Most 
probably  from  the  French  hocher,  which  means 
to  shake,  jog,  &c.  Line. 

HOTCHEL.  To  walk  awkwardly,  or  lamely ;  to 

shuffle  hi  walking.    Warw. 
HOTCHENE.    To  beat  ?  to  chop  ? 


HOU 


462 


Kittis  thourghethe  harde  stole  fulle  hertly  dynttis, 
Sonne  hotchene  in  holle  the  hethenneknyghtes. 

Horte  Arthure,  MS.  Lincoln,  f.  92. 
HOT-COCKLES.  A  game  in  which  one  person 
lies  down  on  his  face  and  is  hoodwinked,  and 
being  struck,  must  guess  who  it  was  that  hit 
him.  A  good  part  of  the  fun  consisted  in  the 
hardness  of  the  slaps,  which  were  generally 
given  on  the  throne  of  honour.  It  was  for- 
merly  a.  common  sport  at  Christmas.  See 
Hawkins,  iii.  204  ;  Florio,  p.  26 ;  Cotgravc,  In 
v.  Bouchon.  Goldsmith  mentions  the  game  in 
his  Vicar  of  Wakefield,  ch.  xi.  To  sit  "upon 
hot  cockles^  to  be  very  impatient. 

Paraph.  It  is  edicted  that  every  Grobian  sh-ill  play 
at  B  amber yeftoft  cockles  at  the  four  festivalls. 

Tant.  Indeed,  a  verye  usefuJL  sport,  but  lately 
much  neglected  to  the  mollofiemge  of  tlieiUsh. 
Old  Plat/,  MS.  B«dL 

HOTE.  (1 )  A  vow,  or  promise.     (//.-&) 
Wytnes  of  othe  and  of  hf>te, 
Yn  hevene  alle  thyng  they  wote. 

Jt/S.  Hurl,  mi,  1. 19. 

(2)  Heat.    Kyag  Alisaundcr,  3386. 

CJ)  Promised,     Also  as  Hot  (5). 

And  glf  thou  do  a*  thou  has  me  ficte, 
Then  shalle  I  gif  the  a  cote. 

SIS.  Cantab.  Ff.  V.  48,  f.  48. 

(4)  To  shout,  or  make  a  noise. 

HOT-EVIL.    A  fever.    Devon. 

HOT-FOOT.    Same  as  Fate-hot,  q.  v. 

HOTH.  A  heath.    Launfal,  250. 

HOT-HOUSE.  (1)  A  brothel.     Shalt. 

(2)  In  salt-works,  the  room  between  the  furnace 
and  the  chimney  towards  which  the  smoke  is 
conveyed  when  the  salt  is  set  to  dry. 

HOT-PLANETS.    The  blight  in  corn. 

HOT-POT.  A  mixture  of  ale  and  spirits  made 
hot.  Grose. 

HOT-SHOOTS.  A  compound  made  by  taking 
one  third  part  of  the  smallest  of  any  pit-coal, 
sea,  or  charcoal,  and  mixing  them  very  well 
together  with  loam,  to  be  made  into  balls  with 
urine,  and  dried  for  firing. 

HOT -SHOT.  A  foolish  inconsiderate  fellow, 
See  Melton's  Sixefold  Politician,  1609, 
p.  53  ;  HowelPs  English  Proverbs,  p.  4. 

HOTSPUR.  A  rash  person.  "  An  headlong  hot- 
spur," Holinshed,  Chron.  Ireland,  pp.  97,  101, 
Also  an  adjective,  warm,  vehement 

HOTTEL.    A  heated  iron.    North. 

HOTTER.  To  boil ;  to  rage  with  passion  j  to 
trouble,  or  vex.  North. 

HOTTES.    Huts,   Also,  oats. 

HOTTLE.    A  finger-stall.    North. 

HOTTS.  (1)  Water-porridge.   North. 

(2)  The  hips.   Craven  Glossary,  L  235. 

(3)  Round  balls  of  leather  stuffed  and  tied  on  the 
sharp  ends  of  the  spurs  of  fighting-cocks,  to 
prevent  them  from  hurting  one  another. 

HOT-WATERS.     Spirits.    North.    This  term 

occurs  in  Ord.  and  Beg.  p.  352. 
HOUDERY.    Cloudy  \  overcast.    We#f. 
HOUGH.  (1)  A  burrow,  or  den.    Bast, 

(2)  To  breathe  bard >  to  pant    South. 

(3)  To  disable  an  animal  by  cutting  its  houghs- 
t.inc.  See  MS.  Lansd.  1033. 


HOU 

They  account  of  no  man  Chat  hath  not  abflitl* 
axe  at  IUs  girdle  to  huugh  dogs  uitht0r  W(>are»»ot  a 
cock's  fotherin  athrumb  hat  like  a  cavahcr. 


(4)  A  hollmv,  or  <M1.    N&rfh.     See  the  Chum. 

Alirab.  <»d.  Black,  p.  4. 
IIOUGHEIt.    The  public1  whipj*er  of  criminals, 

the  executioner  of  criminals.     Xeirc. 
HOUGIILE.    Tin*  shank 
HOUGHS.    A  dirty  drab. 
HOUGHTS.     Large  rluniM-  fwL 
HOULE.    An  owl.     Noniinale  MS. 
HOUL-HAMPERS,     Hollow  and  empty  sto. 

inachs.     Crttren. 
HOULT.     Same  as  Jlvlm  (1). 
IIOUNRIXDE.    To  loo^n,  or  ftw.     (-^-.^) 
IIOUN'CKS.    The  ornaments  on  the  collar  of  a 

cart-horse,    East. 
HO  UNC  U  UTEIS.    Uncourtcoiw. 
Uuunntrteh  no  willi  be, 
Nc  con  1  noat  on  viud.        &fS. 
HOUNCy-J<3UNCY.    Awkward.    /:«»/. 
HOUND.  (1)  A  common  tenn  of  reproach,  still 

in  frequent  use.     To  hound  a  person,  to 

abuse  him.    YvrM. 
(2)  To  set  on,  as  a  dog,  £<\    AV/& 
IIOUNDBENE.    The  herb  linarlumnd. 
HOUNDBERRY.    The  nightshade,   forard. 
HOUNDED.    Hunted  ;  scolded,    flwan. 
HOUND-FISH.   Tlicdog-fish,  {^.-^.)  Hownd* 

fyssh,  Lydgate's  Minor  Poems,  p.20L 
HO  C^NDIS-BERVE.    The  plant  morel. 
HOUNE.  (1)  A  hound.     Chaucer. 
(2)  Own.    See  Wright's  Anec.  Lit.  p.  12. 
HOUNLAW.    Against  law.    (./.-&) 
HOUNLBJvE.    Pi^loyal.     (J.-^) 
HOUNSELE.    Unhapphiess. 

With  muehel  lutunxtfe  ich  lede  ml  Hf> 

And  that  Js  for  on  sucte  vrlf,          JAY  JTWfffty  06. 

IIO-UP.    The  hunters'  halloo.  Cent,  Kt'C.  B4. 

IIOXJPED.    Hooped,  or  hollowed.    (  /.-M) 

HOUPJEN.    To  hoop,  or  shout.   (*-A-.V.)    lloup 
is  the  word  generally  UHftd  in  matching  cattle. 

HOUPY.    A  horse.     OVHT«»- 

HOUHES*  The  Komish  church  service.  (^,-A.) 

HOURNYNG.    Adorning.    (Lat.) 

HOURSCHES.    Rush  ? 
Bot  jltte  tho  hathplhsU?  011  hy,  hnytht-nc  and  othw, 
Ail  /ttiuwhes  aver  h«lr  hftrmw  Iff  wyrfcp, 


HOUS. 

HOUSALk    Domestic.     Col(jrttre> 

HOUSE.  (I)  In  a  farm-ho«sc»  the  kitchen  or 

ordinary  sitting-room,     Kenntitt  $ay»,  the 

hall  SeeMS.Unsd.1033, 

(2)  To  put  com  in  a.  barn,    Swfh. 

(3)  To  hide  j  to  get  hid*     >  VA-*A. 

(4)  To  grow  thick,  as  com  dfm,    ^«*/. 

(5)  A  deepbing  into  which  block  tin  b  put  after 
smelting*  Derbytkm 

(0)  A  partition  m  a  ch««8-lH«Lr<!, 
7)  To  put  the  town  out  of  wwrfow?*,  to  CKQte 
great  disorder.     To  fa  tit  thtt  hm#*  tqp,  Jo  * 
great  rage,  Worth* 
(8)  To  stir  ap,    Tim  l^hhln  n\m^ 
A  child's*  eo?ertet, 


IIOV 


463 


HOW 


HOUSE-DOYE.  A  person  who  is  constantly 
at  home.  West. 

IIOUSELE.    The  Eucharist.    Also,  to  admi- 
nister the  sacrament.    To  ben  houseled,  to  re- 
ceive the  sacrament.    (4.-S.)     Houslyutfpco- 
ple,  people  who  were  houseled,  or  commuui- 
cants,  spelt  fiusseling people  in  Blount. 
With  holy  wordys  intobredd  he  can  hym  dresse, 
And  there  h&  housylde  that  lady  dere. 

MS.  Ouitab.  Ff  ii.  38,  f.  47. 

Doo  calle  me  a  confessour  with  Criste  in  his  armes ; 

I  wille  be  hwaclde  m  haste,  whate  happe  so  brtyddys. 

Mmte  drthuie,  MS.  Lincoln,  f.  98. 

HOUSELINGS.  Tame  animals,  or  rather  ani- 
mals bred  up  by  hand.  North. 

HOUSELL.    Housings.    Nicolas. 

HOUSEN.  Houses.  Vair.dial.  To  housenee, 
to  stay  at  home.  Housing,  Harmon's  Bri- 
taine,  p.  33 ;  Audelay's  Poems,  p.  33  ;  Arrival 
of  King  Edward  IV.  p.  36. 

HOUSE-OF-OFFICE.  A  Jakes.  See  Fletcher's 
Poems,  p.  117  ;  Arch.  x.  401. 

HOUSE-PLACE.  Same  as  House  (I).  It  is  also 
called  the  Housestede. 

HOUSING.  (1)  A  petticoat.    Line. 

(2)  A  niche  for  a  statue.    See  Blo-\am's  Gothic 
Architecture,  ed.  1844. 

(3)  The  leather  fastened  at  a  horse's  collar  to 
turn  over  the  hack  when  It  rains.      It  is 
scarcely  necessary  to  observe,  the  term  was 
applied  anciently  to  the  coverings  of  a  horse  of 
various  descriptions. 

HOUSS.  (1)  Large  coarse  feet.    East. 
(2)  A  short  mantle  made  of  coarse  materials, 
generally  worn  as  a  protection  from  showery 
weather,    (Fr.)    Dryden  uses  the  word,  and 
sad  work  docs  Forby  make  of  it,  ii.  If)/. 
HOUT.    Hold.     Also,  ought,  anything. 
HOUTE.    A  dunghill  cock  ?    Juuiwt. 
HOUTING.    An  owl.    S&mmet. 
HOUTS.    Pshaw !  Nay!    North. 
HOUZE.    To  lade  water.     Yorfoh. 
HOVE.  (1)  To  btop,  or  hover,    (^,-£) 
Awh.le  they  hovld  and  byhtld 
How  Arthurs  knlghtis  rode  that  day, 

MS.  Hart.  2252,  f.89. 
Awhile  she  htwyd  and  byheld. 

MS.  Ibid,  f.  119. 
Two  knyghtys  satre  he  hove  and  abyde, 

MS.  Cantab.  Ff.  ii.  38,  f.  80. 

(2)  To  lift  or  heave.    North.     See  Kyng  Horn, 
1277.    In  the  following  passages  it  appears  to 
mean  heaved  or  lifted  at  baptism. 

Or  ;yf  a  man  have  hove  a  chylde, 
God  hyt  ev«t  fortoede  and  thylde, 

MS,  Hart.  1701.  f.  12. 
Of  hy»  godfaxiry*,  maydyn  or  knave, 
Hy«  brethren  or  witren  may  at  here  pay 
Wddde,  but  he  that  h#w  never  may. 

MS.  Ibid.  f.  12. 

(3)  To  behove.    Collier's  Old  Ballads,  p.  55. 
(4J  To  take  shelter.    Cfosh. 

(5;  To  move.    Somerset. 

Qttod  heer  thaimc  Hove  oute  of  my  tunne, 
And  l«*e  it  tchyne  into  my  tunne. 

G*u>*r,  MS.  800.  Antiq.  134,  f,  M. 

(6)  To  float  on  the  water,  as  a  ship,  &e. 


(7)  A  child's  caul.    Palsgrave. 

(8)  The  ground  ivy,  or  alehoof. 

(9)  Dregs  of  oil,  impurities  floating  on  the  suis 
face.     Prompt  Parv. 

IIOVE-DANCE.     The  court-dance. 
Whereas  I  muste  daunco  and  synge 
The  hcive-dnuncf  and  carolynge, 
Or  for  to  goo  the  nt'we  fot, 
I  may  not  wel  heve  up  rny  foot. 

Gower,  MS.  Sac.  Jutiq.  134,  f.  177. 
With  harpe  and  lute,  and  with  citok*, 
The  hooe-dannce  and  the  caroh>. 

Gfww,  MS.  Ibid,  f  246. 
HOVEL.    A  canopy  over  the  head  of  a  statue. 

tr.  TTyrc. 

HOVSLLERS.    People  who  go  out  in  boats  to 

land  passengers  from  ships  passing  hy.  Aenf. 

IIOVEN.     Swelled.       Haven-bread,   leavened 

bread.    Kennett,  MS.  Lansd.  1033. 
HOVER.  (1)  Same  as  Hod  (5). 

(2)  To  pack  hops  lightly  in  order  to  defraud  the 
measure,    Kent. 

(3)  Light,  as  ground  is.    South. 

(4)  Open.     Kent  and  Sussex. 

HOW.  (1)  A  hunting-cry.     See  Boo  (2). 
Thai  halowyd  here  howndys  with  haw, 
In  holtis  herde  I  never  soche  hew. 

MS.  Douce  302,  f.  34. 

(2)  Whole.    Tim  Bobbin  Gl. 

(3)  A  hill.    See  Robin  Hood,  i.  106. 

(4)  Care.    See  Ellis's  Met.  Rom.  iii.  49 ;  Chron. 
Vilodun.  p.  2G  ;  Kyng  Alisaunder,  1210.   Also 
an  adjective,  anxious,  careful. 

Wel  ncighe  wode  for  dred  and  howe, 
Up  thou  schoteat  a  windowe. 

Arthour  and  Merlin,  p.  43. 
ThcTiowe  wiif  anon  it  fett, 
And  yedeand  held  it  bi  the  fer. 

Arthovr  and  Merlin,  p.  38. 

5  Deep,  or  low ;  hollow.    North. 

6  Who.    Kent  and  Sussex. 

7  Ought.    Apol.  for  the  Lollards,  p.  4. 


To  conglomerate.    Suffolk. 


m  In  such  manner  as. 
(l6)  An  exclamation,  Stop ! 
HOWAT.    Come  along.    Northwmt. 
HOWBALL.    A  simpleton.    Thynne,  p.  48. 
HOWBERDE.    A  halbert.    MS.  Ashm.  208. 
HOWD.    A  strain.    North. 
HOWDACIOUS.    Audacious.     Var.dial 
HOWDEE.    A  salute ;  how  do  ye  do  ? 
HOWDER.    To  walk  heavily.     Cumb. 
HOWDON-PAN-CANT.     An    awkward   fall. 

ffowdon-pan-canter,  a  slow,  ungraceful  mode 

of  riding.    North. 
HOWDY-MAW.    The  conclusion  of  the  day's 

labour.    Newc. 
HOWDY-WIFE.    A  midwife.    North.    As  an 

example  of  the  length  to  which  absurdity  in 

derivation  may  be  carried^  here  follows  the 

presumed  origin  of  the  term, — '*  Jhesus  hodie 

natus  est  de  virgine." 

HOWB*    K«ghf    A  proper  name.    Pr.  Parv. 
EOWBD-FOR.    Provided  for.     Witts. 
HOWELLBD.    Splashed;  dirtied.    Zmc. 
HOWEN.  (1)  Own.    Weoer. 
(2)  To  hoot,  or  shout.    Nominate  MS. 


HU 


46-i 


HO) 


HOWES.  (1)  Haws.  See  Isenbras,  167.  A 
Suffolk  form,  according  to  Moor. 

(2)  Hoves ;  remains ;  tarries.  (A.-S.) 

Oure  burlyctie  bolde  kyng  appone  the  bente  Jiouvs 

With  hisbataile  onebrede,  and  baners  displayede. 

Morte  Artfiure,  JITS'.  Lincoln,  f  7 

HOWGATES.   In  what  manner.  (^.-5".) 

Thise  thre  commandementes  lerres  mane  hotcgtttes 
he  salle  hafe  hym  yncnce  Godd  the  Trymtt> 

MS.  Lincoln,  A.i.  17,  f.  201 

HOWGY.  Huge;  large.  West.  This  form 
occurs  in  Skelton,  ii.  24. 

HOWK.     To  dig ;  to  scoop.     North. 

HOWL.     Same  as  Eola,  q.  v. 

HOWLEGLASS.  The  hero  of  an  old  German 
jest-book,  which  was  translated  into  English 
in  Shakespeare's  time,  and  his  name  seems  to 
have  heen  proverbial  among  our  ancestors  for 
any  clever  rascal. 

HOWLET.  The  barn  or  white  owl.  Also,  a 
term  of  reproach.  North. 

HOWL-KITE.    The  stomach.    North. 

HOWNTES.     Hunts.     Lydgate. 
And  fers  foghtande  folks  folowes  theme  aftyrfr, 
Hatontes  and  hewes  downe  the  heythene  tykes. 

Marts  Arthurs,  MS.  Lmwln,  f.  97- 

HOWNYD.    Honied.    Brit.  Bibl.  iv.  90. 
HOW-POND.    A  fish-pond. 
HOWSE.    To  take  a  habitation. 
Thereabowte  ye  shalle  yow  fiouwe, 
And  sone  after  that  shalt  be  hur  spowse. 

MS.  Cantab.  Ff.  il.  38,  f.  95. 
HOW-SEEDS,    finsks  of  oats.    North. 
HOWSEHILLINGE.    Roofing.     Pr.  Par*. 
HOWSEWOLD.     A  household.     Weber. 
HOWSHE.    Move  on!    An  exclamation  ad- 
dressed to  swine.    Dorset. 
HOWSING.     Building  j  houses.     (^.-S.) 
Fro  seynt  Mary  at  JSowe  to  London  Stone, 
At  that  tyme  was  howgyng  none. 

MS.  Cantab.  Ff.  ii.  38,  f.  125, 
Thise  hende  hovez  on  a  hille  by  the  holte  eynes, 
Behelde  the  hotosyng  fulle  hye  of  hathene  kyngos, 
Mwte  AHJiure,  MS.  Lincoln,  f.  67. 

HOWSOMEYER.    However ;  howsoever. 
HOWTE.  To  hoot,  or  howl.  Cov.  Myst.  p.  182. 
HOWVE.    A  cap,  or  hood.    C^.-£) 
HOWYN.    An  oven,    Arcfa.  xxx.  409. 
HOX.  (1)    To   cut  the  hamstrings.      Lilly's 

Mother  Bombie,  ed.  1632,  sig.  Bb.  xii, 
(2)  To  scrape  the  heels  and  knock  the  ancles  in 

walking.     Glouc. 
HOXY.    Muddy;  dirty.     South. 
HOY.  (1)  To  heave,  or  throw.    North.    This 

seems  to  be  the  meaning  in  Tusser,  p.  184. 
(2)  A  cart  drawn  by  one  horse.     Cumb. 
HO  YD.    Hovered ;  abode.     Weber. 
HOYLE.    Oil,    Apol.  Loll  p.  58. 
HOYLES.    Some  mode  of  shooting  arrows  for 

trial  of  skill.     Dray  ton. 
HOYND.     To  make  a  hard  bargain ;  to  screw 

up.     Chesh. 

HOYSE-CUP.    A  toss-pot,  or  drunkard. 
HOZED.  Rnely  off.  Bxmoor,  Grose  has  hozee, 

to  be  badly  off.   Gloss,  p.  85,  ed.  1830. 
H03ES.    Houghs.     Gawayne. 
HU.    Colour;  complexion.   (A.-S.) 


HUB.  (1)  The  nave  of  a  \*W1.     Or^\. 

(2)  A  small  stack  of  hay;  a  thick  square  M«! 
pared  off  the  surface  of  a  jicat-hotr.  \vt«',i  ihi*« 
ging  for  peat;  an  obstruction  tif  unuhiji.ir. 
North. 

(3)  The  mark  to  be  thrwu  at  in  quoits  or  MWI* 
other  games.    East. 

(4)  The  hilt  of  a  weapon,     f  );  to  th?  hnb%  m  fur 
as  possible.     Sttjfolk. 

HUB  BIN.    A  small  anvil  us<vd  by  hlat'k^fultln 

in  making  nails.    West* 
HUBBLE-BUBBLE.     A  device  for  nuicikinR 

tobacco  through  water,  which  mak<»s  u  Jn»l>. 

bling  noise;  also,  a  person  who  sprakn  wi 

confusedly  as  to  be  scarcely  inteHijriWV. 
HUBBLESHOW.    Confusion  ?  tumult,    SOUK'- 

times,  hubble-te-shives.    AVM,     AK«  vv* 

plained,  a  mob. 

With  that  all  wa*  on  a  AwMJ^iiM'K 

Dttftottr  IJtruMr  Alt,  n.  <\ 

IIUBBON.    The  hip.    Thu  Bobbin,  <!l. 
HUBSTACK.    A  fat  awkward  jw»rv»n. 
HUCCHJE.    An  ark  or  t'htst.     (v/...v,1     S«-« 

jMaundevile's  Travels,  p.  85. 
HUCHONE.    Hugh.    A  proprr  nantr, 
HUCK.  (1)  A  hook.    far.  dial.    See  Cunning- 

ham's Revels  Accounts,  p.  205. 

(2)  A  husk  or  pod.    dtowM, 

(3)  To  higgle  in  buying,    4<  To  h»srtrlts  Aw«*to», 
dodge,  or  paulter,"  Ccvtgrave. 

(4)  Ihrew;  tossed.     WM/. 

1  5)  A  hard  blow  or  knock.     Su#*pjr* 

(6)  In  beef,  the  part  between  the  shin  and  tt»«* 
round.  Devon. 

HUCKER-MUCKEK.  Huppw-iiiu^cT.  Sums. 
hurst's  Descr.  of  Ireland,  p.  UCi. 

HUCKLE.    The  hip.     /  ~ar.  «Ti«/. 

HUCKLE-BONES.  A  game  formerly  plnyed 
by  throwing  up  the  hip-bon^  of  HOUU*  Jwinwl, 
on  one  side  of  which  was  ahea<!  of  Venus,  tim\ 
on  the  other  that  of  a  dog.  He  wiio  turmi) 
up  the  former  was  the  winner, 

HUCKLE-DUCKLE.    A  loose  woman. 
Here  j*  a  hucWe.dnrMfi, 
An  inch  above  the  buck!*. 


HUCKLE-MY-BUPR     A  bcvcrag« 

of  beer,  eggsf  and  brawly.    ir««r*ffx. 
HUCK-MUCK.  (1)  A  dwarf.     JTwrf, 
(2)  A  strainer  placed  before  the  faucet  in 

ing.     Witt*, 

HUCKSHEENS.  ThehockH.  JKnn<H»n 
HUCK-SHOUJLDEREO.  Hump*btck<ti 
HUCKSY-BUB,  The  female  ImmL 
HUD,  (1)  A  hood.  A!aor  to  hoodL 

He  strohed  up  hte  ftwrf  for  t*o«, 

And  tokoa  cupp«r  and  rnadt* 


|2)  A  husk,  or  bull, 

3}  To  collect  into  heaps.    Safop. 

14)  To  hide.    AJsof  ludtlen.     ?rtt*. 

HUDDEL.    A  he&p.    Sm#r*tt, 

HUDDERIN,  Awell-grDwalwl^w 
has  hutheri&in-lad,  a  ragfjed  ymtih, 
vated  Iwy,  Glossary,  p.  10, 

HUDDICK.  JI)  Aflttger-«talL 


HUG 


465 


HUL 


(2)  The  cabin  of  a  coal-barge.    North. 
HUDDLE.  (1)  To  embrace.     Var.  dial 
'2)  A  tena  of  contempt  for  an  old  -dccrepid  per- 
son.   Lilty,  ed.  1632,  sig.  Aa.  iv. 

3)  To  scramble.     Somerset. 

4)  A  list  of  persons,  or  things.     Line. 
1UDDLING.    A  Cambridge  term  for  one  of  the 

ceremonies  and  exercises  customary  before 

taking  degrees. 

IUDE.    Went.     Chron.  Vilodim,  p.  91. 
fUD-EN-D.    A  hob.     YorM. 
fUDGE-MUDGE.    Hugger-mugger.     North. 
fUBGY.    Thick  ;  clumsy.     Wilts. 
fUDKIN.    A  finger-stall.    East. 
fUD  STONE.     The  hob-stone.     North. 
JUE.    He;  she;  they.    jRifsan. 
IUEL.  (1)  A  mine.    An  old  term. 
J)  A  term  of  reproach.     North. 

UEL-BONE.  \Vhalubone;  ivory  from  the  teeth 

of  walrus.    \Veber's  Met,  Rom.  iii.  350. 

UKK.    Hair.  Craven  Glossary,  i,  237. 

UERS,    Persons  placed  on  the  Cornish  cliffs 

to  indicate  to  the  floats,  stationed  off  the  land, 

the  course  of  the  shoals  of  pilchards  and 

herrings.    See  Pennant,  iv.  291. 

tIKRT.     A  heart.     Percy. 

I'FE.    Same  as  Have,  q.  v. 

Heay<?r»  toy  jonehilles,  jonehcgtwholtezundyr, 

Uttffi  thare  with  hate  strengheof  haythene  kyngeat 
Sfarte  Arthurs,  MS.  Lincoln,  f.  66. 

UFF.  (1)  To  offend;  to  scold.    Also,  offence 

or  displeasure.     Var.  dial. 

'")  Light  |ia.ste,  or  pie-crust,     Gkuc. 

>)  A  dry,  scurfy,  or  scaly  incrustation  on  the 

hUn.    Rmt* 

)  Strong  inter.     Var.  dial* 

)  In  chm,  to  remove  a  conquered  man-  from 

the  board.    In  draughts,  to  remove  an  adver- 

sary's man  which  has  neglected  to  take  another 

when  an  opportunity  offered. 

UFP-CAP.  (1)  A  species  of  pear  tiaed  for 

making  perry.     Wttt. 

)  Couch-grass,    ffentfbrdth. 

)  Strong  ale.    "These  men  hale  at  hufcap 

till  they  be  red  a«  cockea,  and  litle  wiser  than 

their  combs,"  Harrison's  England,  p.  202, 

)  A  swaggering  fellow.    East. 

LJFPrNG,    Swaggering.    Dekker,  1608. 

JFFLE.  (1)  To  rumple.    Suffolk. 

)  To  *hift  ;  to  waver,    Devon. 

)  To  blow  unsteadily,  orrougfcu     Wett* 

\  A  finger-stall    Grv*e. 

I  A  merry-meetiDg  ;  a  feast.     Kent. 

lff-SK0FP,    A  boUy.  .  «  A  huff-snuff,  one 

that  wilt  sooae  take  pepper  in  the  nose,  one 

:bat  will  remember  every  small  wrong  and 

retenge  It  if  foe*  mn^  Florio,  p.  445. 

IKKINS.    A  ftort  of  muffins.    KenL 

IFTT.    A  swaggerer.     YorJktfc 

irrr^tHB.  Slows.  *tarto,p.  in. 

JO,  (1)  To  carry  anything.     NortA. 
tt  The  itch.  Smtrmtt. 

To  huddle  ;  to  crouch  up  in  onefs  bed  for 


North, 


HUGGAN.    The  hip.    Craven  GL  I  237. 
H  UGGEN-MUFFIN.    The  long-tailed  tit. 
HUGGER.     An  effeminate  person. 
HUGGERING.     Lying  in  ambush,    fiatt. 
HUGGER-MUGGER.   In  secret  j  clandestinely 

See  Florio,  pp.  54,  72 ;  Earle,  p.  252. 
HUGHLE.     Same  as  Huy  (3). 
HUG-ME-CLOSE.     A  'fowl's  merry-thought, 

or  clavicle.     Var.  dial. 
HUGY.     Huge.     Peele's  Works,  iii.  5. 
HUIIOLE.     An  owl.     Florio,  p.  496,  ed.  1611. 
HUIS.     A  door  or  threshold.   Nominate  MS. 
HU1SSHER.     An  usher. 

In  all*  hiswey  he  fyndeth  no  Jet, 
That  dore  can  none  huisshto'  schet. 

Gower,  MS.  Soc.  Antiq.  134,  f.  75. 

HUITAINE.  A  measure  consisting  of  eight 
verses.  (Fr.) 

HUKE.  (1)  A  kind  of  loose  upper  garment, 
sometimes  furnished  with  a  hood,  and  origi- 
nally worn  by  men  and  soldiers,  but  in  later 
times  the  term  seems  to  have  been  applied 
exclusively  to  a  sort  of  cloak  -worn  by  women. 
Minsheu  calls  it,  "  a  mantle  such  as  women 
use  in  Spaine,  Germanic,  and  the  Low  Coun- 
tries, when  they^goe  abroad;"  but  Howell 
seems  to  make  it  synonymous  with  a  veil, 
and  Kennett,  MS.  Lansd.  1033,  calls  it  "  a 
woman's  capp  or  bonrfet." 

(2)  A  hook.     See  the  Monast.  Angl.  iii.  175. 

(3)  The  huckle-bone.     North. 
HUKE-NEBBYDE.    Having  a  crooked  nose  or 

bill,  like  a  hawk. 

Huke-nehbyde  as  ahawke,  and  a  hore  berde. 

Murtt  Artliwe,  MS.  Lincoln,  f.  04 

HUKKEKYE.    Huckstry.    (4.-S.) 

HUL,    A  hill.     Also,  held.     Hearne. 

HULCH.  (1)  A  slice.    Devon. 

(2)     Crooked.      Hulch-ltacJced,    hump-backed. 

See  Cotgrave,  in  v,  Bosftut  Bossuer,  Courbassti. 

"  By  hulch  and  stulch/'  by  hook  and  crook, 
HULDE.    To  flay  the  hide.    <X-£) 
HULDER.  (1)  To  hide,  or  conceal.     West. 
(2)  To  blow  violently.    Devon. 
HULE.    A  husk,  or  pod.    KorthumL 
HULED.    Covered.    See  Reliq*  Antiq.  i.  39, 
HULFERE.    The  holly.    U.-£) 
HULIE.     Slowly.    Ellis,  iii.  329. 
HULK-  (1)  A  heavy  indolent  lubberly  fellow. 

Var,  dial    The  term  is  applied  to  a  giant  in 

Nominale  MS.  and  Shakespeare  has  given  the 

title  to  Sir  John  Falstaff. 
To  he  very  lazy.    Somerset* 
A  ship ;  a  heavy  vessel. 
(4;  To  gut,  or  pull  out  the  entrails  of  any  animal. 

East,    The  term  occurs  in  Philastes. 
f5J  A  heavy  fall     Var.  dial. 

(6)  An  old  excavated  working,  a  term  in  mining. 
Derb, 

(7)  A  cottage,  or  hovel    North.    Hence,  to 
lodge  or  take  shelter. 

(8)  A  holt,  or  hittfc.    Pqtge. 

Unwieldy.     Var.  dial. 
Heavy;  stupid.    Salop. 
H01L,  (1)  To  float  "  Hulling  in  the  channel!/ 
Holnshed,  Ctwon.  Ireland, 'p.  02. 

30 


HUM 


466 


HUM 


(2)  The  holly*     Far,  dial, 

(3)  A  pen  for  fattening  cattle,  * 

(4)  A  husk  or  shell.    Any  outside  covering,  as 
th e  bark  of  a  tree.    Also,  to  take  off  the  husk. 
*'  Utrioulits,  the  huske  or  hull  of  all  seedes," 
Elyot,  1559.    See  Cleaveland's  Poems,  p.  60 ; 
Holinshed,  Hist.  Scotland,  p.  12.  * 

(5)  To  throw,  or  cast.     West, 

(6)  A  pigsty ;  a  hovel.     Yorfak. 

(7)  Room  in  a  grinding-wheel.     North. 

(8)  The  proverb  alluded  to  in  the  following  lines 
is  constantly  quoted  by  old  writers. 

There  is  a  proveibe,  and  a  prayer  withall, 
That  we  may  not  to  three  strange  places  fall ; 
From  Hull,  from  Hallifax,  from  Hell,  'tis  thus, 
From  all  these  three,  Good  Lord,  deliver  us. 
This  piaymg  proverb's  meaning  to  sctdowne, 
Men  doe  not  wu>h  deliverance  from  the  towne : 
The  town's  rmm'd  Kingston,  Hul's  the  furious  river, 
And  from  Hulls  dangers,  I  *ay,  Lord  deliver  1 
At  Hallifax  the  law  s»o  ^harpe  doth  diule, 
That  whoso  more  then  13.  pence  doth  steale, 
They  have  a  j  yn  that  wondrous  quicke  and  well, 
Sends  thieves  all  hcadlesse  unto  heav'n  or  hell. 
From  Hell  each  man  sayes,  Lord,  dolivt  r  me, 
Beer  use  from  Hell  can  no  Redemption  be: 
Men  may  escape  from  Bull  and  Halifax, 
But  sure  in  Hell  there  is  a  heavier  taxe. 
Leteach  one  for  themselves  in  this  agree, 
And  pray,  From  Hell,  good  Lord,  deliver  me  I 

Taylor1*  W<H*&,  1630,  ii.  19-13. 

Taylor,  the  Water  Poet,  in  the  same  tract, 
mentions  Hull  cheese.  It  is,  he  says,  "  much 
like  a  loafe  out  of  a  hi  ewers  basket ;  it  is  com- 
posed of  two  simples,  mault  and  water,  in  one 
compound,  and  is  cousin  germane  to  the 
mightiest  ale  in  England." 

HULLART.  An  owl.  Somerset.  The  north 
country  glossaries  have  huttet. 

HULLE.    To  kiss,  or  fondle.     Witkals. 

HULL1ES,  Large  marbles  used  at  a  game,  now 
nearly  obsolete,  called  Hulliwag. 

HULLINGS.  Husks,  or  shells ;  chaff.  Also, 
hillings  or  coverlets, 

HULLUP.    To  vomit.    East 

HULLY.  A  long  wicker  trap  used  for  catching 
eels.  Brorae,  in  his  Travels,  ed.  1700,  p.  100, 
mentions  a  machine  so  called  in  Yorkshire, 
"which  is  much  like  a  great  chest, bored  full 
of  holes  to  let  in  the  sea,  which  at  high 
water  always  overflows  it,  where  are  kept  vast 
Quantities  of  crabbs  and  lobsters,  which  they 
put  in  and  take  out  again  all  the  season,  ac- 
cording to  the  (juiciness  or  slowness  of  their 
markets."  Compare  Jennings,  p,  48, 

HULSTRED.    Hidden.    (A.-S.) 

HULTB,    Held.    Chron.  Vilodun.  p.  68. 

HULVE,    To  turn,  or  throw  over.     West. 

HUI/VER.  The  holly.  East,  See  Hujfere, 
which  occurs  in  Chaucer. 

HULVER-HEADED-    Stupid.    -East. 

HUI/WORT.    The  herb  poley.     Qtrard. 

HXTLY.    Peevish;  fretful.    Burk.    (Kennett,) 

HUM.  (1)  To  deceive.  Var.  dial  All  a  hum, 
i,  e,  quite  a  deception.  To  hum  and  haw, 
i,  e.  to  stutter,  a  common  phrase. 


Full  many  a  troj>e  from  bayonet  and  drum 
He  threatened  j—but,  behold  I  'twju  a!l  a  A* 
Ptter  Pindar, 

(2)  To  whip  a  top.    Kent. 

(3)  Yery  btrong  ale.    It  woul<l  «wn  fro.n  * 
passage  quoted  by  Gifford,  that  the  trrm  w,i* 
foniierly  applied  to  a  kind  of  liqurnir,  Imt  ii 
evidently  means  strong  &Ie  in  the  Praiwi  of 
Yorkshire  Ale,  1697,  p.  30, 

(4)  To  throw  violently. 
HUMANE,     Courteous. 
HUMANITIANf.     A  grammarian  ;  onf  bkilk-c! 

in  polite  literature,    Isianiliurst,  pp.  40- *L 
HXJMAT10N.    Interment,    (tot.} 
HUMBLE.  (1)  To  fatoop.    ShirU\v,  iv,  437. 

(2)  To  break  off  thebearcJs  of  barluy  with  a  flail* 
North. 

(3)  To  eat  humble  pie,  i.  e.  to  be  very  utbmiiftive. 
Yar*  dial 

HUMBLE-BEE.    A  drunkard.     UNO, 
IIUMBLEHEDE.    Humility.    (^.-X) 
HUMBLESSE.     Same  as  Ifawhk'Affl*,  <j.  T. 
HUMBTJNG.    A  humming,     (ttaut&r. 
HUMBUG.    A  per&on  who  hums,  or  (h'r<*iv<"<. 

The  term  ia  also  applied  to  a  kind  of  hwwt- 

nieat.    *'  A  humbug,  a  false  alarm,  a  bugittftr," 

Dean  Milles'  MS. 

HUMBUZ.  (1)  A  cockchafer.     We*t. 
(2)  A  thin  piece  of  wood  with  a  ntitchfti  «*4g«» 

which,  being  swung  round  swiftly  «»  a  istring, 

yields  a  humming  or  buying  ttotmri. 
HUMBYULE.    Conciesceutlmg.     (^.-»V.) 
HUMDKUM.    A  femall  low  cart,  drawn  mutlly 

by  one  horse.    Wwl. 
HUME.    A  hymn.    East. 
HUMELOC.    The  herb  hemlock.    S«;r  a  !bt  in 

MS.  Sloanc  5,  f.  3. 
HUM  GUMPTION*.      Xonwnnc.     X</«M.     **A 

man  of  humgumption,'*  one  of  gn'«t  *t'lf- 

importaiuw.  /  ar.  ditti 
HUMMAN.    A  wonmn,     IVrr,  dial. 
HUMMKLI).     Without  honw*    r.'rtWWL 
HUMMER.  (1)  To  nrigh.     far* Mat, 

(2)  To  nmke  a  humming  now.    AWM. 

(3)  A  falsehood.    $»/Wk.    From  //MW  (i), 
HUMMING.     Strong j   h«uuly.    *'Sm-h  hmn- 

ming  stuff/'  Yorkshire-  AU%  1697,  |>.  6* 
HUMMING-TOK    A  largti hollow  wr>oil«'»  tr>j>» 
^hich  nuikes  a  loud  hummiag  tioiwj  whrtt  it 
spins.     Var,  dfio/. 

HUMMOBBB.  The  fe«mb^-bce,  !#*<** 
HUMMOCK.  Amouadofeajth,  »V»/, 
HUMOUKOUS.  Moist ;  humid.  Atwi,  t-iiju-u 

CIOUB.     Sfok. 

HtlMOUES,     Manners;   qualities;  miditii-*. 
The  term  was  constantly  u*cd  with  wiww 
shades  of  &en»a  in  oar  early  (IraumtUtd.    A 
tipsy  porxon  was  wid  to  be  in  hi*  huumur*. 
Ben  Jonsim  hw  given  ftca^tia  hianry  **f  tb# 
word,  which  seems  to  have  \mu  iwiut«4  by 
the  writer  of  the  following  epigram  i 
Askc  Humor*  »h«t  *  f««th«*  b«  ilotfe  w*»f*-» 
1C  i*  his  humour  (by  tb*  tvr<0  h«^tt  »*mre ; 
Or  what  be  doth  with  «ieti «  hnrw  t*il*  bicti^ 
Or  why  upcra  *  wh 


HuN 


467 


HUN 


8 


Be  hath  a  humour  doth  determine  BO  : 

Why  in  the  stop-throte  fashion  he  doth  goe, 

With  scarfe  about  his  neckp,  hat  without  band,  — 

It  Is  his  humour*    Sweet  sir,  understand 

What  cause  his  purse  is  so  extreame  distrest 

That  oftentimes  is  scarcely  penny-blest  ; 

Only  a  humour.     If  you  question  why 

His  tongue  is  ne'er  unfurnished  with  a  lye,  — 

It  is  his  humour  too  he  doth  protest; 

Or  why  with  sergeants  he  is  so  opprest, 

That  like  to  ghosts  thej  haunt  him  ev'rie  day  j 

A  rascal  humour  doth  not  love  to  pay. 

Object  why  bootesand  spurres  are  htill  in  season, 

His  hnrnotfj  answers,  humour  is  hii  reason. 

If  you  perceive  his  wits  in  wetting  shrunke, 

It  cometh  of  a  humour  to  be  drunke. 

"When  you  behold  his  lookes  pale,  thin,  and  poore, 

The  occasion  is  his  fmmoHr  and  a  whoore; 

And  every  thing  that  he  doth  undertake, 

It  is  a  vcine  for  ioiotless  humuut  '$  sake. 

Humor's  Oidinanet  1607. 

HUMOURSOME.     Capricious,     Var.  dial 

HUMP.   (1)  A  hunch,  or  lump.      West.    In 
Norfolk,  a  s>mall  quantity. 
To  insinuate.     Craven. 

'3;  To  gro\\  1,  or  grumble,    East. 

HUMPHREY.    See  Duke-Humphrey. 

HUMPSTIUDDEN.    Abtride.    Lane. 

HUMPTY.  Hunch-backed.  Humpty-dumpty, 
short  and  broad,  clumsy, 

HUMSTRUiM.  (1)  A  musical  instrument,  out  of 
tune,  or  rudely  constructed.  A  Jew's  harp. 

(2)  The  female  pudendum.    Warw. 

HUNCH.  (1)  To  shove;  to  heave  up;  to  gore 
with  the  horns,  /  rar.  dial 

{%}  A  lump  cf  anything.     I'ar.  dial. 

(3/  Angry  ;  excited.    Line. 

HUNCHET.     A  small  hunch.     Grose, 

HUNCH-RIGGED.    Hump-backed.    North. 

HUNCH-WEATHER,     Cold  weather.    East. 

HUNDERSTONES.  Thunderbolts.  The**  vul- 
gar call  them"  so  in  Wiltshire,  according  to 
Aubrey's  MS.  History  m  Royal  Soc.  Lib, 

HUNDES-BERIEN.    The  herb  la&rwca, 

HUND-FICIL  Dog-fish.  Nominate  MS,  Hunde- 
flitch,  MS.  Morte  Arthure. 

HUNDRED-SHILLINGS.  A  kind  of  apple. 
See  Rider's  Dictionarie,  1640. 

HUNDY.    Same  as  Hunch  (1). 

HUNGARIAN.  An  old  cant  term,  generally 
meaning  an  hungry  person,  but  sometimes  a 
thief,  or  rascal  of  any  kind. 

HUNGER.  Tofanmh.  Craven.  Hungerbaned, 
bitten  with  hunger,  famished.  Hunger-starved, 
Mia*keu.  /&0*0«r#«,  hungrily,  ravenously, 
Hollnshed,  Conq.  Ireland,  p.  18,  Hunger- 
poifoned,  ill  from  want  of  food. 

HUNGBRLIN,    A  kiad  of  furred  robe. 

HUNGER-K0T,    A  miser,     A'w/A. 

HUNGER-STONB.    A  <ju*rtze  pebble.   Line. 

HUNGKELS.    Rafters.     CM. 

HUNGRY.  (1)  Stingy;  very  mean. 

(2)  Poor,  unproductive,  barren  soil 

HUNK.    Same  as  Himch,  q.  v. 

HUNKBREIX  *  Elbowed  5  crooked 

HUNKERS,    Haunches.    North. 

HUNKS.    A  miser  ;  a  mean  old  man.   Var.  dial. 


North. 
North, 


HUNNE.    Hence.    MS.  Harl.  2277. 

HUNNIEL.    The  same  as  Hunks,  a.  v. 

HUNNY.    To  fondle.     See  Honey. 

HUNSUP.    To  scold,  or  quarrel.    *€um&. 

HUNSY.     Same  as  Hunch,  q.  v. 

HUNT.  (1)  A  huntsman.    (A.-S.) 

(2)  Hounds  are  said  to  hunt  change,  when  they 
take  a  fresh  scent,  and  follow  another  chase. 
To  hunt  at  force,  to  run  the  game  down  with 
dogs,  in  opposition  to  shooting  it.  To  hunt 
counter,,  to  hunt  the  wrong  way,  to  trace 
the  scent  backwards;  also,  to  take  a  false 
trail .  S ee  the  Gent.  Rec. 

HUNTING.  Most  of  the  principal  old  hunting 
terms  will  be  found  under  their  proper  heads 
in  the  alphabetical  order,  but  the  following 
lists  are  here  given  for  the  use  of  those  who 
are  more  especially  interested  in  the  subject, 
or  who  may  have  occasion  to  explain  any 
early  passages  referring  to  tins  genuine  old 
English  sport.  They  are  in  some  degree  taken 
from  Sir  £.  Dry  den's  edition  of  Twici, 
4to.  1844,  and  most  of  tlie  terms  will  also  be 
found  in  Blome's  Gentleman's  Recreations. 
It  should  be  recollected  that,  in  hunting,  there 
is  a  peculiar  phraseology  adapted  to  each 
separate  animal. 

1.  Ordure  of  Animals. 

Hart  and  hind,  fumes,  fswmets,  fewmishings. 
Hare,  croteys>  crotels,  crotisings,  buttons. 
&oa.i:,freyn,fiants,  lessee.  Wolf,j^ez/n,  lessps, 
fiants,fuantat.  Buck  and  doe,  cotying,  few- 
mets,fewmishings.  Fox,  waggying,  Mttetinys* 
fiantSj  fuants.  Marten,  dirt,  Jiants,  fuants. 
Roc-buck  and  doe,  co tying, fcwmets^fewmish- 
ings.  Otter,  spraits,  spraints.  Badger, 
wardrobe,  fiants,  fuants.  Coney,  crotels, 
croteys,  crotisinffs.  Twici  applies  the  word 
fiants  to  the  ordure  of  the  boar,  but  the  proper 
term  in  France  is  laissees,  and  in  England 
losses.  The  author  of  the  Maystre  of  the 
Game  applies  cotying  to  the  buck  and  roe- 
buck, but  no  other  writers  do  so. 

2.  Dislodgement,  or  starting. 

Hart  and  hind,  to  unharbour.  Hare,  start, 
move.  Boar,  rear.  Wolf,  raise.  Buck  and 
doe,  dislodge,  rouse.  Fox,  find,  unkennel. 
Marten,  Jay.  Roc-buck  and  roe,  find.  Otter, 
vent.  Badger,  dig,  find.  Coney,  bolt. 

3.  Lodgement  of  animals. 

Hart  and  hind,  to  harbour.  Hare,  seat  form* 
Boar,  couch.  Wolf,  train.  Buck  or  doe, 
lodge.  Fox,  kennel.  Martin,  tree.  Roe- 
buck or  roe,  bed.  Otter,  watch.  Badger, 
earth.  Coney,  sii,  earth,  bwrow.  The  bed 
of  harts,  bucks,  aiul  roebuck,  and  their  females, 
is  the  lair;  of  a  hare,  the  form;  of  a  fox, 
the  earth  or  kernel;  of  a  badger,  the  earth / 
of  a  coney,  th*  farrow. 

4.  Th*  terms  for  sMnning* 

Harfc  wwl  hM*  Jfean,  flayed.  Hare,  stripped, 
cased.  Boar  and  wolf,  stripped.  Buck  and 
4oe,  roebuck  and  roe,  sftimtiL  f  ox,  marten, 
otter,  badger,  coney,  cased* 


HUN 


468 


HHN 


5.  Integument  and  fat. 

Hart  and  hind,  leather,  hide;  tallow,  suet. 
Mare,  skin;  grease,  tallow.  Boar,  pyles, 
leather,  hide,  skin ;  grease.  "Wolf,  fox,  marten, 
otter,  badger,  and  coney, pytes,  skin;  grease. 
Buck  and  doe,  sJcin,  leather,  hide ;  tallow, 
suet.  Roebuck  and  roe,  leather,  hide  ;  bevy 
grease. 

6.  Companies  offcasts. 

Hart  and  hind,  herd,  Hare,  huslce,  dotcn.  Boar, 
singular.  Wild  swine,  sounder.  Wolf,  row*. 
Buck  and  doe,  herd.  Fox,  $M#.  Marten, 
ricto.  Roebuck  and  roe,  otter,  bevy.  Badger, 
cete.  Coney,  nest. 

7.  Ages  of  deer. 

THE  HART.  First  year,  calf,  or  hind-calf.  Se- 
condifcioWer^rocfa*.  Tlurd,«p«y<»tf.  Fourth, 
ttaggart.  Fifth,  *te0.  Sixth,  £<zr*  o//rs/ 
Aead.  Seventh,  A<zr#  o/"  seeowd'  toe?.  TEE 
HIND.  First  year,  calf.  Second,  hearse, 
brocket's  sister.  Third,  hind.  THE  BUCK. 
First  year,  fawn.  Second,  pricket.  Third, 
sorrell.  Fourth,  soar.  Fifth,  teA  />//™f 

-  head.    Sixth,  £wc£,  0r*«*  head,    THE  DOB. 
First  year,  fawn.    Second,  te£.    Third,  rfoe. 
THE  ROEBUCK.     First  year,  kid.     Second, 
girle.      Third,  bemuse.    Fourth,  buck  of  first 
head.    Fifth,  fair  roebuck.    THE  ROE,    First 
year,  bid.    Fourth,  roe. 

8.   The  attire  of  deer. 

Of  a  stag,  if  perfect,  the  bur,  the  pearls,  the 
foam,  the  gutters,  the  <m//er,  the  sur-mitler, 
royal,  sitr-royal,  and  all  at  the  top  the  croches. 
Of  a  buck,  the  bur,  the  foam,  the  brow-antler, 
the  back-antler,  the  advancer,  palm,  and 
spcUars.  If  you  are  asked  what  a  stag  bears, 
you  are  only  to  reckon  the  croches  he  bears, 
and  never  to  express  an  odd  number ;  for,  if 
he  has  four  croches  on  his  near  horn,  and  five 
on  Ins  far,  you  must  say  he  bears  ten;  if  but 
four  on  the  near  horn,  and  six  on  his  far  horn, 
you  must  say  he  bears  twelve. 

9.  Noise  at  rutting  time, 

A  badger  shriek*;  a  boar  /reams;  a  buck 
groans  or  troats  ;  a  fox  barks;  a  hare  beats, 
or  taps;  a  hart  betteth,  or  bells;  an  otter, 
whines;  a  roe  bellows;  a  wolf  howls, 

10.  For  their  copulation. 

A  boar  goes  to  brim ,-  a  buck  to  rut;  a  coney, 
to  buck ;  a  fox,  a  clicJcetting  ;  a  hare  to  buck  / 
a  hart,  to  rut ;  an  otter  hunts  for  his  kind; 
a  roe,  to  tourn;  a  wolf,  to  match  or  make. 
11.  The  mark  of  their  feet. 

The  track  of  a  boar ;  the  view  of  a  buck  and 
fallow  deer :  the  slot  of  a  hart  or  red  de<T ; 
of  all  deer,  if  on  the  grass  and  scarcely  visible, 
the  foiling;  the  print  or  foot  of  a  fox  ,*  the 
prick  of  a  hare,  and,  in  the  snow,  her  path 
is  called  the  trace;  an  otter  marks  or  seals. 
12.  Terms  of  the  tail 

The  wreath  of  a  boar ;  the  single  of  a  buck ;  the 
scut  of  a  hare  or  rabbit ;  the  brush  of  a  fox  ; 
the  white  tip  is  called  the  chape;  the  single  of 

•  the  stag  or  hart  j  the  stern  of  a  wolf.  A  fox's 
feet  are  called  pads;  his  head,  the  front. 


\  3.  TI&  notew  of  fannnlx. 

When  hounds  are  thrown  off,  ami  hit  upon  a 
scent,  they  arc  said  to  challenge  or  open.  If 
they  are  too  busy,  and  open  before  they  are 
sure  of  the  scent,  they  babbit*.  When  hounds 
carry  the  scent  well,  they  are  said  to  he  in 
full  cry.  When  houmta  lag  Whim),  or  puzzle 
upon  the  scent,  they  are  said  to  fy?  myfad* 
14.  The  career  ttfa  d??r. 

When  a  deer  stops  to  look  at  am  thing,  he  is 
said  to  stand  at  gaze;  when  he  tmhes  by,  he 
trips;  and  when  he  runs  with  &peed,  he 
strains*  When  he  is  limited,  and  leave  the 
herd,  he  singles;  and,  when  he  foams  at  the 
mouth,  he  is  embowel,  YUien  he  smells 
anything,  they  say  he  hath  this  or  that  in  the 
wind ;  when  "he  holds  out  his  rnvck  at  full 
length,  declining,  they  say  ha  u  *ptnt ;  and, 
being  killed,  he  i>  dune. 

The  stag,  buck,  and  boar,  sometimes  fake  #oil 
without  hcing  forced ;  ami  all  other  beasts 
are  said  to  take  jra/^%  except  the  otter,  arid 
he  is  said  to  beat  Me  xfream. 

15.  Technical  Hunting  Terms. 

A  cots,  is  when  a  dag  passes  his  fellow,  tikes 
in,  obstructs  his  sight,  and  turns  the  hare. 
A  form,  where  a  nare  has  set.  At  gaze, 
looking  steadfastly  at  any  object  when  standing 
still.  A  layer,  where  a  stag  or  buck  lias 
lodged.  Beat  <xw»/er,  backwards.  J&w/, 
form  ing  a  serpentine  figure.  Btemish***  when 
they  make  short  entries,  and  return.  Blink, 
to  leave  the  point  or  back,  run  away  at  th« 
report  of  the  gun,  &c.  Break  fidd,  to  enter 
before  you.  Chap,  to  catch  with  the  month* 
Curvet,  to  throw,  jboucett,  the  tcbtu'le*  or 
stones.  Embossed,  tired,  F&umA,  to  twwt 
the  stern,  and  throw  right  and  left  in  too 
great  a  hurry.  Going  to  v<tuttt  &  hart** 
going  to  ground.  Handicap^  the  gentleman 
who  matches  the  dogs.  Hard-n&**4,  having 
little  or  no  sense  of  smelling*  //«#,  to  run 
close  sid*  by  side.  In  and  in,  too  near  re- 
lated, as  sire  and  daughter,  dam  and  &m,  &c. 
Inch&m  or  pudding,  the  f*t  gut.  /er*»  in 
attempt  to  turn,  by  skipping  out*  l*epi*e*  to 
open  or  give  tongue.  Mor t,  the  death  of  deer. 
Near-scented,  not  catching  th«  scent  till  too 
near.  Phdj  to  hang  upon  the  trajoning*  or 
doublings.  Run  rwtf,  to  run  at  the  whole 
herd.  S*ntt  to  lie  down,  cunningly  drawing 
the  feet  close,  and  bearing  the  now*  on  the 
ground,  to  prevent  the  acent  flying  *SSWrf»  to 
run  round  the  sidea,  being  too  fond  of  the 
hedges.  Slip,  loaing  the  foot*  S/Httmt  or 
dealt,  ihe  teats.  Spent,  whet*  tike  ckwr  i* 
nearly  dead,  which  you  may  know  hy  lib 
stretching  his  neck  out  straight*  $f«rl**/A» 
when  at  full  speed.  Tappbh,  to  lurk,  »cti)k» 
and  sink.  To  carry  or  A0dfr  when  the  earth 
sticks  to  their  feet.  Training,  crossing  and 
doubling.  TV^p,  to  fopw  by  you,  TW^  the 
vent  7V&/,  a  sudden  turn  of  the  head,  when 
the  scent  is  caught  sideways,  JV<?A,  to  make 
a  low  noise.  tfa/eA,  to  attend  to  ttat  other 


HUN  4t 

dog,  not  endeuvuuimg  to  liud  his  own  iraine. 
but  lying  oil' lor  advantages.  In  coursing  it 
its  called  running  cunning*  Wiles  or  '1  <>ils 
are  engines  to  take  deer  \vith.  Wrench,  a 
half-turn. 

HUNTING-POLE.  A  pole  by  which  hunters 
turned  aside  branches  in  passing  through 
thickets.  <  Gent,  llee.) 

HUNTING-TIIE-FOX.  A  boy's  game  men- 
tioned in  the  Schoole  of  Vertue,  n.  d.  There 
are  other  games  called  Hunting  the  slipper, 
and  Hunting  the  whittle, 

HUNTING-THE-RAM.  A  custom  formerly 
prevalent  at  Eton,  but  discontinued  about  the 
year  1747.  It  was  usual  for  the  butchers  of 
the  College  to  give  on  the  election  Saturday 
a  ram  to  be  hunted  by  the  scholars.  MS. 
Sloane  4839,  f.  86, 

HUNTING-THE-WREN.  The  custom  still  pre- 
valent in  Ireland,  the  Isle  of  Man,  and  some 
other  places,  ou  St.  Stephen's  Bay,  of  hunting 
the  wren,  is  one  of  very  considerable  antiquity. 
Its  origin  is  only  accounted  for  by  tradition. 
Aubrey,  having  mentioned  the  last  battle 
fought  in  the  North,  of  Ireland  between  the 
Protestants  and  the"  Papists,  says : — "  Near 
the  same  place  a  party  of  the  Protestants  had 
been  surprised  sleeping  by  the  Popish  Irish, 
were  it  not  for  several  wrens  that  just  wakened 
them  by  dancing  and  pecking  on  the  drums 
as  the  enemy  were  approaching.  For  this 
reason  the  wild  Irish  mortally  hate  these  birds 
to  this  day,  calling  them  the  devil's  servants, 
and  killing  them  wherever  they  can  catch 
them;  they  teach  their  children  to  thrust 
them  full  of  thorns ;  you'll  see  sometimes  on 
holidays  a  whole  parish  running  like  madmen 
from  hedge  to  hedge  a  wren-hunting."  In 
the  Isle  of  Man,  on  St.  Stephen's  Day,  the 
children  of  the  villagers  procure  a  wren, 
attach  it  with  a  string  to  a  branch  of  holly, 
decorate  the  branch  with  pieces  of  riband 
that  they  beg  from  the  various  houses,  and 
carry  it  through  the  village,  singing  the  follow- 
ing ridiculous  lines : — 

We'll  hunt  the  wran,  sayi  Robin  to  Bobbin  ; 
We'll  hunt  the  wr»n,  uy  Richard  to  Robin ; 
We'll  hunt  the  wr&n,  «ayt  Jack  o'  th'  land ; 
We'll  hunt  the  wran,  wy*  every  one. 

Where  th*»  we  find  him  ?  **yi  Robin  to  Bobbin ; 
Where  thaUl  we  find  htm  ?  t&y»  Richard  to  Robin  ; 
Where  *h»lt  we  find  him  ?  nyi  Jack  o'  th*  land ; 
Where  §h*U  we  find  him  I  My*  every  one. 

In  yon  green  bush,  tayt  Robiu  to  Bobbin ; 
In  yon  green  bush,  snyt  Richard  to  Robin ; 
In  yon  greet*  bush,  x*y«  J*ck  o'  th'  land  ; 
In  you  green  bush*  wy*  every  one* 

How  Khali  we  kill  him  ?  say*  R«'bin  to  Bobbin ; 
How  ihall  we  kill  him?  tayt  Richard  to  Robin; 
How  thall  we  kill  him  ?  say*  Jack  o'  th«l*Bd ; 
Bow  *htU  we  kill  him  9  way*  nvtsry  one* 
WHfe  sikfe»  and  »too«,  tay*  Robin  to  Bobbin ; 
Whh  »ticlc*  w&  wotww,  *«y«  fbchard  to  Robin  ; 
With  ttk&t  and  cttHMt,  **y«  Jack  o'  th'  land ; 
With  ftk-k*  mnd  •to»i%  *4y*  every  OJM. 


:)  HUN 

How  shall  wr  get  him  In  mo?  buys,  Robin  to  Bobbin; 
Hi.w  sh«ill  we  get  him  home  ?  says  Richard  to  Robin  » 
How  sh.ill  wo  get  him  home  ?  says  Jack  o'  th  land  j 
How  bhall  we  get  him  home  ?  says  every  one. 
We'll  borrow  a  cart,  says  Robin  to  Bobbin  ; 
We'll  borrow  a  cart,  says  Richard  to  Robin; 
We'll  borrow  a  cart,  says  Jack  o'  th'  land ; 
We'll  borrow  a  cart,  says  every  one. 

How  shall  we  boil  him?  says  Robin  to  Bobbin  ; 
How  shall  we  boil  him  ?  says  Richard  to  Robin  ; 
How  shall  we  boil  him  ?  says  Jack  o'  th'  land  ; 
How  shall  we  boil  him  ?  says  eveiy  one. 

In  the  brewery  pan,  says  Robin  to  Bobbin ; 
In  the  brewery  pan,  say-5  Richard  to  Robin  ; 
In  the  brewery  pan,  s  lys  Tack  o'  th*  land ;  " 
In  the  browery  pan,  says  every  one. 

HUNTS-UP.  A  tune  played  on  the  horn  under 
the  windows  of  sportsmen  very  early  in  the 
morning,  to  awaken  them.  Hence  the  term 
was  applied  to  any  noise  of  an  awakening  or 
alarming  nature.  "  A  hunt  is  up  or  musike 
plaicl  under  ones  windowin  amornmg,"  Florio, 
p.  304.  "  Resveil,  a  hunts-up,  or  morning 
song  for  a  new-maried  wife  the  day  after  the 
manage,"  Cotgrave.  "  Jfunsup,  a  "clamour,  a 
turbulent  outcry,"  Craven  Gl.  One  ballad  of 
the  hunt's-up  commences  with  the  following 
lines : — 

The  hunt  is  upr  the  hunt  is  up, 
And  now  It  is  almost  day ; 

And  he  that's  a-bud  with  another  man's  wife, 

It's  time  to  get  him  away. 

Mr.   Black  discovered  a  document   in  the 
Bolls-house,  from  which  it  appeared  that  a 
song  of  the  Hunt's  up  was  known  as  early  as 
1536,  when  information  was  sent  to  the  coun- 
cil against  one  John  Hogon,  who,  "  with  a 
crowd  or  a  fyddyll,'*  sung  a  song  with  some 
political  allusions  to  that  tune.    Some  of  the 
words  are  given  in  the  information : 
The  hunt  is  up,  the  hunt  It  up,  Ac. 
The  Master*  <»f  Arte  and  Doctoursof  Dyvynyfe" 
Have  brought  this  realise  ou  ht  of  good  uoyte1. 
Thre  nobyll  mon  have  take  this  to  stay, 
My  Lord  of  Norff.  Lorde  of  Surrey, 
And  my  Lorde  of  Shrewsbyny : 
The  Duke  of  Suff.  myght  have  made  Inglond  mery. 
The  words  were  taken  down  from  recitation, 
and  are  not  given  as  verse.    See  Collier's 
Shakespeare,  Introd.  p.  288, 
Taurus  last  morn  ai>, mistress  window  plaid 
An  hunta  up  on  his  lute;  but  she  (Us  said) 
Threw  atone*  at  him  ;  so  he,  like  Orpheus,  there 
Made  stones  come  flylng'hia  sweet  notes  to  hrare. 

Wtf*  B«dl«m,  1617. 

HUORK.    Ache ;  pain.    Arch.  xxx.  367. 

HUP.    Hook.    Perhaps  a  corruption. 

So  what  with  hup,  and  what  with  crook, 
They  make  here  rrmystirofte  wynne, 

Gower,  MS.  Soe,  Artliq.  134,  f.  145. 

HUPE,    Hopped ;  leapt.    Rob.  Glouc.  p.  207. 

jfiwpe,  to  lop-    (^.-&)    Hupte,  hopped.  MS. 

HtrL  2277. 

HURCH.    To  cuddle,     Somerset. 
HURCHED.     Ajar,  as  a  door.    Line. 
HURCHEON.     A  hedgehog,     Northumb. 
IIURDAM.    Whoredom.     (A.-S.) 


HUE 


470 


urs 


The  syxte  comaundyth  us  alao 
That  -weshul  nonne  hwdcan  do. 

MS.  HarL  1701,  f.  11. 
HURDE.     Heard.     Hearvt* 
HUR0EN.     Same  as  Harden,  q.  v. 
HURDE R.    A  heap  of  stones.     North. 
HURDICES.     Hurdles;    scaffolds;  ramparts; 

fortifications ;  large  shields  termed  pavises. 

<X.-JV.)    See  Weber's  Gl.  to  Met.  Rom. 
HURDIES.     The  loins ;  the  crupper.     North. 
HURDIS.     Ropes.     Ritson. 
HURDLE.  (1)  A  gate.    /.  Wight. 
(2)  The  same  as  Harle,  q,  v. 
HURDREVE.    The  herb  centaury. 
HURDS.    The  same  as  Hards  t  q.v. 
IIURE.  (1)  A  covering  for  the  head.     Pitteus 

est  ornamentum  capitissacerdotis  vel  graduati, 

Anglice,  a  bore  or  a  pyllyon,  MS.  Blbl.  Reg. 

12  B,  i.f.12. 

(2)  Hair.    Also,  a  whore.    North* 

(3)  Hire ;  reward.    (4..-S.) 
HUREN.    Theirs.     Gen.pl.     (A.-S.) 
HURE-SORE.    When  the  skin  of  the  head  is 

sore  from  cold.     Chesh. 
HURGIN.    A  stout  lad.    North. 
HURKLE.    To  shrug  up  the  back.    "  Hurck- 

ling  -with  his  head  to  his  sholders,"   Optick 

Glasse  of  Humors,  1639,  p.  135. 
HURL.  (1)  A  hurdle.    Kent. 
(2)  A  hole  or  corner;  a  closet.     Yorksh. 
f  3)  To  be  chilled.    Craven  Gl, 

(4)  To  rumble,  as  "wind  does,  &c. 
HURL-BONE.    A  knee-bone.    "  Internodium, 

a  hnrlehone,"  MS.  Bodl  604,  f,  4. 

HURLEBAT.    A  kind  of  dart.    HoweU. 

HURLEBLAST.  A  hurricane.  This  term  oc- 
curs in  Hnloet's  Abcedarium,  1552. 

HURLEPOOLE.    A  whirlpool.    Florio,  p.  81. 

"1URLERS.  A  number  of  large  stones,  bet  in 
a  land  of  square  figure,  near  St.  CUie  in 
Cornwall,  so  called  from  an  odd  opinion  held 
by  the  common  people,  that  they  are  so  many 
men  petrified,  or  changed  into  stones,  for 
profaning  the  Sabbath-day  by  hurling  the 
ball,  an  exercise  for  which  the  people  of  that 
county  have  been  always  famous.  The 
hurlers  are  oblong,  rude,  and  unhewed,  and 
have  been  conjectured  to  be  sepulchral  monu- 
ments. See  a  Brief  Account  of  Certain  Cu- 
riosities m  Corn-wall,  1807,  p.  14. 

H URLES.    The  filaments  of  wax. 

It  is  so  sweet  that  thepigges  will  eateit ;  itgrowes 
no  higher  than  other  grasse,  but  with  knotts  and 
buries,  like  a  skeen  of  silke.  Jubrey,  Afhmole  MSS, 

HURLEWIN'D.    A  whirlwind.    Harrington. 

HURLING.  (1)  A  young  perch.     West. 

(2)  Harrowing  a  field  after  the  second  ploughing. 
Ctesh. 

(3)  The  game  of  ball,     West, 

(4)  State ;  conflict.    Nominate  MS. 
HURLUK.    Hard  chalk.    Beds. 
HUBLY.    A  noise,  or  tumult.     BhaJc. 
HURN.  (1)  To  run.     Smaeraef. 

(2)  A  hole,  or  corner.     Yor&sA.    **  From  hale 

to  hurne,"  Wright's  Political  Songs,  p.  150. 
HURON.    Hers.    Chron.  Viiodun.  j>.  74. 


HURPLE.    The  same  as  HurMe.  q.  v. 
HURR.    A  thin  fiat  piece  of  wood,  tied  ttt  » 

string,  and  -whirled  round  in  the  air. 
HURRE.     To  growl,  or  snarl.     Jonston. 
HURRIBOB.    A  smart  blow.    A'orM. 
HURRICANO.    A  water-spout.    Shak. 
HURRION.    A  slut,  or  sloven.     Tfortek 
HURRISOME.    Hasty  ;  passionate.    J)fvtm. 
HURROK.     Quantity";  heap.    Durham. 
HURRONE,    To  hum,  as  bees  do.    /V,  Parv. 
HURRY.  (1)  To  bear,  lead,  or  carry  anything 

away.    North. 

(2)  To*  subsist  ;  to  shift  ;  to  bhove,  or  puih  ;  to 
quarrel.     Yorfath* 

(3)  A  small  load  of  earn  or  hay.     fiaitt, 
HURRYFUL.    Rapid;  hasty.     »>»/. 
HURRY-SKURRY.     Fluttering  has^te; 

confusion.     /"«/*.  dial. 
HURSLE.    To  shrug  the  shoulders. 
HURST.    A  wood.     (.*.-&) 
HURT-DONE.     Umvitt'licd.     A'f/rM. 
HURTELE.    To  meet  to^'tluT  with  viohw; 
to  clash  together,    (d  -X) 
Bot  echo  mervellf  of  Ut 
Why  thaSr^  cluthlu  ww  w>  8lj». 
As  thay  in  fturictyftx  had  b«JC  hitt. 

MS.  Linwtn  A.  t,  17,  f.  1.T7. 
Whan  thel  made  heremwwiracle,  «che  mjtn  weti«l« 
That  haven  hastili  and  «ttb«  tchuUrturtrt  to>Kiufrr. 
HWjuttt  and  tkt  W-«rwW/,  l>.  JU>. 
The  fedrtis  hemaself  they  burst  thcr*  tl»o  »£o, 
And  hvrtutdon  so  ajeyone  the  wall  of  xtone. 

Chwm»  rtfurfttit*  p   i23. 

HURTER.    The  iron  ring  which  is  in  th«  HXJM 

of  a  cart.     North. 
HURTLE.    A  spot.    ///rr/*.     It  has  also  the 

same  meaning  as  //ttr£&\  q.  v. 
IIURTLEBERKY.    Th«  billieiry.    /^-wi. 
HURTYNGE.    Hurt;  harm. 

Wyth  the  grace  of  h*-\>u  kyn*;*, 
H  ymselfe  had  no  lnurtit»fft\ 

JKfi.  tiaaixb.  Ff.  il,  3U,  f»  154. 

HUS.    A  house.     (/U*) 

HUSBAND.  (1)  A  pollard.    A>«/. 

(fy  A  husbandman,  or  fanner. 

(3)  A  thrifty  man  j  an  eeommiUt,   See  Uohtwrn1* 

Jests,  p,  32.    Hwtandnt't  thrift,  economy* 

(^.-JV.)    It  occurs  in  Chaucer, 
HUSBEECH.    The  hornlwam.    StM*x* 
HUSBOND-MAN.     The  master  of  a  family, 

See  Chaucer,  Cant.  T.  7350. 
ITU  SB.    Ahoaraeness.    See  /fattr** 
HUSEAN.     A  kind  of  Ixwrt.    (^.-,Nf,) 
HUSH.    To  loosen  earthy  jmrtit'Ii-afit»i»  mine- 

rals by  running  water.    North. 
HUSHING.    Shrugging  up  one*s 


HUSH10K.    Acmhioa.    Yorbh. 

HUSHTA.     Hold  fast.     r*rM,     C*rr  &ay* 

"  hold  thy  tongue," 
HUSK.  (1)  A  disease  in  cattle. 

(2)  A  company  of  hares.  A  tefta  u«*l 
hunting.  See  Twici,  p,  32, 

(3)  Dry  ;  parched.    Z&e. 
HUSKIK.    A  c!owni«h  felloe 

IIUSPIL.  To  disorder,  destroy,  or  put  to  ioooft. 


HY 


471 


HYZ 


venience.   See  Salop.  Antiq.  p.  470  ;  Pr.  Parv. 
p.  255.    (^-JV.) 

HUSS.  (1)  To  buz.    See  Palsgrave. 
(2)  The  dog-fish.    Rousette,  Palsgrave. 
HUSSER.    A  dram  of  gin.     South. 
HUSSITES.     The  followers  of  Huss. 

Of  Browrmt,  Hussite,  or  of  Calvinibt, 
Armiman,  Puritan,  or  FamilisU 

Tai/loft  Motto,  1622. 

HUST.    Silence  ;  whist.    (^.-£) 
HUSTINGS.    A  court  of  judicature  for  causes 

within  the  city  of  London.   MS.  Lansd.  1033, 
HUSTLE.    Same  as  Hurkle,  q.  v. 
HUSTLE-CAP.    A  hoy's  game,  mentioned  in 

Peregrine  Pickle,  ch.  xvi.     It  Is  played  by 

tossing  up  halfpence. 

HUSTLEMENT.    Odds  and  ends.     Yorteh. 
HUTCH.  (1)  To  shrug.     Craven. 

(2)  The  same  as  Httcche,  q.  v. 

(3)  A  coop  for  an  animal.     /  'ar.  dial.    Also,  a 
trough  or  bin. 

HUTCH-CROOK.     A  crooked  stick.     Yorksh. 

II  UTCH-WORK.    Small  ore  as  it  is  washed  by 
the  sieve.     Cormu. 

HUTIC.    The  whinchat.    Salop. 

HUTT.    Afire-hob.    Derb. 

H  UTTER.    To  speak  confusedly.    North. 

HUWES.    Hills.     Gawayne. 

HUXENS.     Hocks;  ankles.    Devon. 

HUYLDETH.    Hold.    Hearne. 

HUYSSELES.    Flames,  or  sparks  of  fire. 

HUZ.  (I)  Us.    North  and  West. 

(2)  To  hum,  or  buz.     Baret's  Alvearie,  1580. 

HU2ZIN.    A  husk.    North. 

HUZZY.    A  housewife.    Devon.    Also  huzz. 

HWAN.    When,    MS.  Arundel.  57. 

HWAT.    "What.    Somerset. 

Here  may  je  here  now  hwat  je  be, 
Here  may  $e  enow  hwat  y*  that  worlds. 

MS.  Zto«ctf  302,f.35. 

II  WEI*.    A  whale  or  grampus.    (^.-&) 

Grim  was  fi&here  swlthe  god, 

And  mikcl  utmthc  on  the  flod  ; 

M«nl  gcxi  flub  thor  innehe  tok, 

JBothe  with  neth,  and  with  hok. 

He  took  the  gturgiun,  and  the  qual, 

And  the  turbut,  and  l&x  withal  ; 

He  tok  the  »ele,  and  the  hml  ; 

He*r><Kldt»  ofte  withe  w«L  HavataK,  755. 

H'WIL-GAT.  How;  in  what  manner.  (d.-S.) 
HWOND.  A  hound  Nominate  MS. 

He  taw  an  hydout  hitwnd  dwell 
WJthlnne  that  how«  that  wa»  full  fell  : 
Of  that  head  gTeue  drette  h»had  ; 
Tund»I«  w«»  never  to  adrad. 
Wen  he  had  »eyn  that  tyght, 
He  byeoght  of  that  angell  bryght 
1'hat  he  woM  Ictt  hym  away  steyll, 
That  he  com  not  to  that  fowle  hell. 


HWOR*    Whereas.    Havelok,  1119, 
HY.  (l)Vpenhy,wUgh* 

The  petlkMin  and-  thepopynjay, 
Th*  tomor  and  the  turtll  trw; 

A  bund'rih  thoawaxd  upofl  %r 


(2)  She  jthey.    Also  a»  Hi^  q. 


HYAN.    A  disease  amongst  cattle,  turning  theii 

hodies  putrid.   North 

HYDUL-TRE.    The  elder  tree.    Ortus  Vocab. 
HYE.    An  eye,    Wright's  Seven  Sages,  p,  23. 
HYEE.    Quickly.    Weber. 
HYEL.   The  whole;  all.    North. 
HYELY.    Proudly.     (^.-N.)     "  Hyely  hailsez 
that  hulke,"  MS.  Morte  Arthure.  Also,  loudly. 
"  He  thanked  God  hylye,"  MS.  Caiitah.  Ff.ii. 
38,  f.  65.   See  Syr  Gawayne. 
HYEN.    A  hyena.    Shak. 
HYGHINGLI.    Hastily;  speedily.   (^..&)    Yn 

hyffhynge,  Emar^,  511. 
HYIJE.    High.    Degrevant.  840. 
H!fL.  Aheap.   (/f.-&) 

A  lie  made  he  hem  dun  falle, 
That  m  his  gate  yeden  and  stode, 
Wei  slxtene  laddes  gode. 
Alshelepthekok  til, 
He  shof  hem  alle  upon  an  hyl  / 
Astirte  til  him  with  his  rippe, 
And  bigan  the  fish  to  kippe.      Havelok,  B02. 
HYN.    Him ;  it.    Wilts.    It  occurs  in  the  last 

sense  in  early  English. 
HYNDE.    Gentle ;  courteous. 

Sche  was  bothe  curtes  and  hyndes 
Every  man  was  hur  frynde. 

MS.  Cantab.  Ff.  il  38,  f.  74. 

HYNNY  PYNNY.  "  In  my  younger  days  I  re- 
member a  peculiar  game  at  marbles  called 
hynny-pynny,  or  hyssy-pyssy,  played  in  some 
parts  of  Devon  and  Somerset.  I  am  unable  to 
explain  its  precise  nature,  but  a  hole  of  some 
extent  was  made  in  an  uneven  piece  of  ground, 
and  the  game  was  to  shoot  the  marbles  at 
some  object  beyond  the  hole  without  letting 
them  tumble  in  it.  The  game  occasionally 
commenced  by  a  ceremony  of  no  very  delicate 
description,  which  sufficed  to  render  the  fallen 
marbles  still  more  ignominious,"  MS.  Gloss. 

HYNONE.    Eyes.    Nominate  MS.  Afame. 

He  toke  hl»  leve  with  drere  chere, 
With  wepyng  kynone  stod  hert  full  cold, 

Chron.  Pilodun.  p.  63. 

HYRNEHAR0,  The  herb  bail-weed. 

IIYRON.    A  corner.   Seetfi'me. 

And  sey  hem  in  an  hyron  there  so  lordie. 
And  a^kedehem  what  they  dedon  ther  tho. 

Chron.  niodun*  p.  100. 

HYRT.    An  assembly.    (^--S.) 
HYRYS.   Praise.    (^.-£) 

To  the  and  to  alle  thy  ferys, 

I  schalle  yow  jylde  fulle  lethur  hyryt, 

MS.  Cantab.  Pf.  ji  38,  i.  138. 

HYSEHYKYLLE.    An  icicle.    Pr.  Parv.  p  259. 

HYYETH.    Highest.    Octovian,  1771. 

HYJB.  (1)  An  eye.    MS.  Cantab.  Ff,  i.  6,  f.  4, 

I  serve*  I  bo  we,  I  loke,  I  loute, 
Myn  hy$e  foloweth  hire  aboute. 

Qowr,  MS.  8<tc.  Anttq.  134,  t.  111. 

(2)  High.   Nominate  MS. 
Therefore  I  schall  teJle  the  a  saw, 
Who  «o  wold  be  Aj/5«  he  sdiall  be  law.  M&Ashmoit  61. 
HY5T*  (1)  Called.    (A.-S.) 
(2)  3?romia^d.    See  further  in  Hight, 
My  fwlur  was  a  Walwhe  Imyjt, 
Dame  Isabelk  my  motlur  //yjr, 

tfS,  Cantab.  Ff.  v.  48,  f.  48, 


IDE 


472 


HI  A 


[1)  Sometimes  repeated  in  conversation,  "  I 
know  it,  I/}  Instances  are  frequent  in  our 
early  dramatists.  This  vowel  was  constantly 
used  for  ay,  yes,  and  is  still  found  in  the  pro- 
vincial dialects  in  that  sense.  A.  curious  exam- 
ple occurs  in  Romeo  and  Juliet,  ed.  1623,  p.  66. 

(2)  ATI  eye.     See  Skelton's  Works,  ii.  98. 

(3)  It  is  very  common  in  early  English  as  an 
augment   or  prefix  to  the   imperfects   and 
participles  of  verbs,  being  merely  a  corruption 
of  A.-S.  <fe.  It  has  been  considered  unnecessary 
to  give  many  examples.    They  will  be  found 
in  nearly  every  English  writer  previously  to 
the  sixteenth  century,  but  perhaps  the  follow- 
ing references  will  be  found  useful : — 2-fanet 
been,  Torrent   of  Portugal,  p.   99;   i-Ment, 
blinded,  Warton,  ii.  399 ;  i-blesced,  blessed, 
Reliq.  Antiq.  i.  159 ;  i-bult,  built,  Hartshorne's 
Met,  Tales,  p.  108 ;  i-cast,  cast,  W.  Mapes,  p. 
344 ;  i-cnowe,  know,  Wright's  Anec.  Lit.  p. 
90  ;  i-core,  chosen,  St.  Brandan,  p.  33  j  i-kaiit, 
caught,  Reliq.  ii.  274 ;   i-lcend,  known,  ib.  i. 
42 ;  i-la$t,  lasted,  Rob.  Glouc.  p.  509  -,  i-lawt, 
bereaved,  Wright's  Auec.  Lit.  p.  90 ;  i-melled, 
mixed  together,  St.  Brandan,  p.  13  ;  i-menU, 
designed,  contrived,  Chester  Plays,  i.  18, 103; 
i-tened,  injured,  Wright's  Political  Songs,  p. 
149  i  i-pult,  put,  Rob.  Glouc.  p.  466 ;  i-quytt, 
avenged,  Torrent,  p.  89;  i-sacred,  consecrated, 
Rob.  Glouc.  p.  494  j  i-sitit,  seest,  Reliq.  Antiq. 
ii.  277;  i-slawe,  slain,  Rob.  Glouc,  p.  488; 
i-spilt,  destroyed,  W.  Mapes,  p.  343 ;  t-sme, 
shrived,  confessed,  Reliq.  Antiq.  ii.  276 ;  t~ 
stounge,  wounded,  ibid.  ii.  278;    i-8tra 
stretched,  ibid.  ii.  190 ;  i-swore,  sworn,  Robin 
Hood,  i,  37  ;  i-swrun,  Sir  Degrevant,  1054  ; 
t-fdjfr*,  taken,  Robin  Hood,   i.  50 ;  i-tel,  tell, 
Reliq.  Antiq.  ii.  85;    i-the,  prosper,    MS. 
Laud,  108 ;  i-went,  gone,  Reliq.  Antiq.  ii.  211; 
i-wonne,  won,  Wright's  Pol.  Songs,  p.  339  ; 
i-worred,  warred,  Rob.  Glouc.  p.  3 ;  i-tfven, 
given,  W.  Mapes,  p.  342. 

J-BAKE.    Baked.    (4.-S.) 

Of  flsa  and  of  fleaae,  of  foules  f-&a#«, 

He  lette  senden  in  cartes  to  his  fader  sake. 

MS.  JSod/.652,f,10. 

l-BEO.    Been.    See  St.  Brandan,  p.  3. 
I-BOEN.    Ready;  prepared.    (A.-S.) 
I-BOREWE.    Born.     Sevyn  Sages,  826. 
I-BUYD,     Bowed  up.    See  Wright's  Middle- 
Age  Treatises  on  Science,  p.  139. 
IBYE.    To  able.    See  Torrent,  p.  52. 
ICCLES.    Icicles.    North.    We  have  also  ice- 
shogffles,  ice-shackks,  &c.     Also,  spars  in  the 
form  of  icicles. 
ICE.     To  break  the  ice,  to  open  a  business  or 

conversation.     Far.  dial, 
ICE-BONE.    The  edge-bone  of  beef. 
ICE-CANDLES.     Icicles.     Var.  dial. 
JCH.  (1)  To  eke  out,  or  prolong.    North. 
(2)  I.    Also,  each.     (^.-£) 
ICHET.    The  itch.    Somerset. 
ICILY,    An  icicle.    Kent*    UrryMS. 
IDEL.    I»«Kinvain,    (A.-&.) 
IDELICHE.    Vainly;  fruitlessly.    (A.-&} 


Thus  may  36  s«u  my  besy  whft, 
Thatgoth  HOC  uirltetti?  alx>ute 

C'u«vi*,  iV.V.  Sue.  Jntiq.  I»4,  f.  III 

I-DELVD.    Divided.    (.rf.-A) 

Thilkc  wa»  i  </*•/»  d  in  twoo. 

3/.S\  C'inratt.  Pf.  v.  4»,  f.  {>?. 

IDLE.  Wandering  ;  light  -headtMl.  An  oi'ai- 
sional  use  of  the  word  iu  old  plays.  Aku, 
sterile,  barren.  Othello,  L  3. 

IDLK-BACK.    An  idle  fellow.     A'w/A. 

IDLEMEN.    Gentlemen     bwitfrMt. 

IDLETON.  A  laxy  person.  Sumtrsef.  This 
word  is  formed  similarly  to  $iMjtl?ttin.  The 
Soliloquy  of  Ben  Bond  the  Llteton  is  printed 
in  the  dialect  of  Zumwcract,  lH4.'t,  p.  0. 

The  old  merry  monoiyllablf  la  tjwite  obh:<»rnteil, 
and  in  its  steotl^each  Mttfan,  imd  lo  tcring  w:ht>irj.lx)y 
withaprevlottu  ti—  n,  write*  B—ng. 

Ottlimt  Mivxthintet  J7«2,  P  i'7. 

IDLE-WORMS.  Worms  breji  in  the  fiugm  of 
lazy  girls,  an  ancient  notion  alluded  to  by 
Shakespeare.  Romeo  and  Juliet,  i.  4. 

I-DO.  Done.  u  What  heo  woltic  hit  M  ai>  i-ilo/' 
Vernon  MS.  f.  9. 

IDOLASTRE.    An  idolater,     (J.-N.) 

I  JEN.    Eyes.    Nominate  MS. 

Of  al  thtof  ryght  nowght  y-wi«  yerothe, 
Ne  newre  moo  myn  i#n  two  ben  drlc. 

C/»au<»r»  M&  Carttab,  Ft',  i.  fi,  C  51. 

1-FAKINS.  In  faith.  Nwfk  In  wm«  cuun- 
ties,  i-fags  is  oommoti. 

IP-ALLE.    Although.    <^..S.) 

If-alle  theknyghte  were  kt-ne  and  thro, 
Those  owtlawes  wanae  the  child  hym  (ro. 

MS.  Lttwoln  A.  i   1?,  f.  fttf* 

IFE.    The  yew  tree.    Suffolk. 

I-FET.  Fetched.  "  Forre  !/»•/  and  d»kre^  J.IM>\\  jt 
is  goode  for  ladys,"  MS.  Douce  5U,  f*  13. 

I-FICCHID.    Fixed.    (^.-«.) 

That  after-clap  m  my  mynile  *t>  <I<'J>« 
2'jtccfiid  Is,  and  hath  kuciic  rote  fnujU', 
That  alle  my  joyeaiid  whtlie  t-,  leyd*-  to  *U»p««, 


IFTLE,    If  thou  wilt.    North. 
IG1I.    An  eye.    Nominale  MS. 

Noo  tunge  can  t«lie,  noon  crthty  i^  may  «^e. 


IGHT.    Owes;  possesses?    (-*UV.) 

Thebe^t  to  slaujte  *hxl  gti  thou, 
And  the  lord  that  hit  <^f- 

Curfftr  Mvndi,  MS,  (ML  TH»*  fttnttth*  t,  4** 

IGNARO.    An  ignorant  person,  (ftal) 
This  was  the  auncient  k*vp*r  of  that  place, 
And  fo*t£t-  father  of  the  gyauni  4i*uii  ; 
Hit  name  /^naro  did  his  nature  right  areiwL 


Shake- 


IGNOMIOUS.   Ignominious. 

speare  has  fynomy  several  timei, 
IGNORANT.    Unknown-    #<w 
IG^OTE.    Unknown,    (Lai.) 
I-GROTEN.   Wept,  (X.-&) 

The  klnge*  douther  bigan  t 
And  wsx  the  fayr«t  wmrt  on  Uv*| 
Of  all  thewat  w£a»Jah*wJi; 
That  gode  weren  and  of  pri». 
The  raayden  Ooldeboru  w«*  hotm  t 


I-HALDE. 


ILL 


-473 


IME 


IHTT 


In  a  toun,  that  Cane  h  calde, 
A  Unclale  was  there  on  i-fuild*. 

Cursor  MuHdt,  ,1/5.  Cull.  Trin,  Cantub,  f.83. 

Yet.     Sharp's  COY.  Myst.  p.  149. 
ce.     Piers  Ploughman,  p.  4  76. 
IK      1;  each;  eke,  also.     (sL-S.) 
1KB.     Contr.  of  Isaac.    North. 
IKLE,    An  icicle.    Nominale  MS. 
ILCE.    Each,    Wright's  Se^en  Sages,  p.  6. 
ILD.     To  yield,  or  requite.     North. 
/LDE.    An  island,     Langtoft,  p.  56. 
ILDEL.    Bach  deal,  or  part.    Arch,  xxx,  409. 
ILE.   An  island. 

Anil  the  day  was  y-sptt 

Of  the  batell,  withowt.ni  lett  ; 

In  a  place  where  they  schuldc  bee, 

Yn  an  yle  wythynne  the  see. 

Who  was  gladd  but  kynpe  Adckton, 

Andhys  lordyseverychone, 

That  the  pylgryme  wolde  take  on  hamle 

For  to  fyght  wyth  CoHebrande  ? 

MS.  Cantab.  Ff.  H.  38,  f.  212. 

ILES.    Small  flat  insects  found  in  the  livers  of 

sheep.     Cornw. 
I-LICHE.    Alike  ;  equally. 

For  thouje  I  sumtyme  be  untrewe, 
Hir  love  is  ev«r  Michs  newe. 

Cursor  Mundi,  MS,  CW/,  THn.  Cantab,  f.  1. 

ILK.  The  same.  (A.-S,)  Ilka,  each,  every. 
Ilkadel,  every  part,  every  one.  Itton,  each 
one,  every  one.  Still  in  use. 

My  name,  heseid,  Is  Joly  Robyn  ; 
llks  man  kuowex  hie  welle  and  fyne. 

MS*  Cantab.  Ff,  v.  48,  f.48. 
The  emperowre  aniweryd  also  tyte, 
1  graunte  well  that  he  bi>  quyte  : 
All  forgeve  y  here  Tyrrye, 
My  evyll  wylle  and  my  malycolye  ; 
I  ichttll  defyvyr  hym  all  hy«  lande, 
And  all  the  honowre  into  hys  haude  ; 
And  y  wy*to  where  he  were, 
V  *chulde  delyvyr  hym  lease  and  more. 
Gye  anaweryd,  yf  y  may, 
Ye  »chall  hym  «ee  tliytytks  day. 
My  Freude,  heieyde  hattelye, 
Go  §eke  rae  Erie  Tyrrye. 

MS.  Cantab*  Ff.  tt.  38,  f.  209. 

ILKE.    The  wild  swan.    Dray  ton. 

ILKER.  Each.  (A.-S.) 

Th«  f«««  fouril  dawe»  gat, 
So  rictie  was  npvere  nan  to  that. 
The  king  made  Roberd  there  knith, 
That  WAS  ful  strong  and  ful  with, 
And  WHUm  Wendut,  hethln  brother, 
And  Huwe  Raven,  that  was  that  oiher, 
And  made  hem  twrouns  aile  thre, 
And  yaf  htm  lond,  and  other  fe, 
So  mlkel,  that  Vk<r  twcnt[i]  knihtes 
Havedecf  geage,  daye»  and  nithes. 

Huvcluk,  S352 

ILL.  To  slander,  or  reproach.  North.  To 
htillin  ene's  self,  to  ta  affected  by  an  internal 
disease.  Ill-willed,  malevolent  lll-a-hati, 
bad  lack  to  you  !  fUan,  &  bad  fellow.  Ill- 
conditioned,  ill-contrived,  bad-tempered,  yw~ 


lU^rand,  bid  conditioned,  ili4ooking.  See 
Thornton  Eon*,  p.  300*  /#-por*t  W»re!b  ted 
disagreeable.  Ill-set,  in  difficulties 


I L LE .    Likede  swithe  itte,  disliked  it  much. 
maked,  ill  treated.  (A,-S,} 

bho  was  adrad,  for  he  so  thrette, 
And  durstc-  nouth  the  spusmg  lette, 
But  they  hue  hkfde  stmthe  Hie, 
Thouthe  it  was  Goddes  wille.  HaveloTe,  lltf 
[LLFIT.    An  ale  vat.    Salop. 
!LLIFY.    To  reproach,  or  defame.     North.      ' 
!LL-MAY-DAY.    A  name  given  to  the  1st  of 
May,  1517,  when  the  London  prentices  rose 
up  against  the  foreigners  resident  in  that  city, 
and  did  great  mischief.     Stowe  says  the'ir 
captain  was  one  John  Lincoln,  a  broker.   See 
also  MS.  Cott,  Vesp.  A.  xxv. 
ILL-THING.     St.  Anthony's  fire.    Devon. 
'LLUSTRATE.     Illustrious.     Higgins.     Hall 
has  illustre,  "  the  union  of  the  two  noble  and 
illustre  famelies  of  Lancastre  and  Yorke.' 
XLUSTRE.    To  bring  to  light.     (A.-N.) 
TLL-WIND.    It  is  an  ill  wind  which  blows  no 
body  any  good,  a  common  phrase,  implying 
that  most  events,  however  untoward  to  some, 
are  productive  of  good  to  others.  "  That  wind 
blowes  ill,  where  she  gaines  not  something," 
The  Smoaking  Age,  or  the  Man  in  the  Mist, 
12mo.  Lond.  1617,  p.  164. 
I-LOKE.    Locked  up,     (A.~£) 

With  on  worde  of  the  maide  spoke. 
The  Holy  Goost  is  in  here  brest  i-loJee. 

Lydgate,  MS.  dshmoiti  3.0,  f.  28. 

I-LOME,    Often;  frequently.    (A.-S.)    "Over 

the  see  caste  t-fomc,"  St.  Brandan,  p.  24. 
I-LOWE.     Lied.     Weber. 
[LT.    A  gelt  sow.    Devon. 
ILTIIIN.     An  inflamed  sore.     West. 
IMAGEOUR.    A  sculptor.    Lydgate. 
IMAGERIE,    Painting;  sculpture.    (.V.-M) 
IMAGINATIF.    Suspicious.     (A.-N.) 
IMAGINOUS.    Imaginative.    Chapman. 
IMBARN.    To  enclose ;  to  shut  up. 
IMBASE.  To  degrade.  Harrison,  p.  205. 

Unplttied  might  he  bee, 

That  imbasea  his  degree, 

With  this  indignitie. 

Mat  ocotts  Kxtaticus,  1595. 

IMBECELLED.    Embezzled  j  stolen. 

He  brought  from  thence  abundance  of  brave 
armea,  which  were  here  reposlted  j  but  in  the  late 
warres,  much  of  the  armes  was  imb-celfd. 

Aubrey's  Wiltn,  Royal  Soc.  MS.  p.  240. 

IMBESIL.    To  counsel ;  to  advise. 
IMBOST.    The  same  as  Embossed,  q.  v, 
IMBRAID.    To  upbraid  ;  to  reproach. 

Sara  the  daughter  of  Raguel,  desiring  to  be  de- 
livered from  the  itnpropery  and  imbraiding,  as  it 
would  appear,  of  a  certain  default* 

Becon't  PPorto,  1843,  p.  131. 

IMBREKE.    House-leak.     Gerard. 

IMBRERS.    Embers,    Reliq.  Antiq.  ii.  84. 

IMBROCADO.  In  fencing,  a  thrust  over  the 
arm.  (ItaL}  Jlorio  says,  p.  236,  "  a  thrust 
given  over  <ie  dagger*"  See  the  Troubles  of 
Queen  Elizabeth,  1639,  sig.  D.  iv. 

IMBUSHMENT.    An  ambush.    Latimer. 

IMBUTi.    Imbued;  taught.   HaXL 

IMJL  (1)  Hoar  frost.    North. 

(t)  The  tip  of  the  nose.   Somerset. 


IMF 


474 


INC 


l-MELB.    Together.     (^.-S.) 

IMEZ.     Near.     Wane. 

IMITATE.    To  try,  or  attempt.     East. 

IMMANUABLE.     Listless.     Topsell. 

IHMARCESSIBLE.    Unfading.     Hall 

IMMOMENT.    Unimportant.     Shak. 

IMNER.    A  gardener.    Nominate  MS. 

I-MOULED.  Spotted;  stained.  (^.-A) 
And  with  his  blode  shall  wasshe  undefoule  I 
The  gylte  of  man  with  rust  of  synne  i-ni(M'»d. 

Lydgate,  MS.  Anhmole  30,  f  2,~>. 

IMP.  (1)  A  shoot  of  a  tree;  a  cutting;  a  bud ; 
grass,  or  pasturage  ;  a  graft.  It  is  frequently 
used  metaphorically  for  young  offspring, 
children,  &c.,  and  is  still  in  use. 

(2)  To  add ;  to  eke  out.    Also,  an  addition,  an 
insertion.    In  hawking,  to  insert  a  new  feather 
in  the  place  of  a  broken  one. 

(3)  One  length  of  t\visted  hair  in  a  fishing  line. 
North. 

(4)  To  rob  a  person.  Lane. 
IMPACT. 

One  vow  they  made  rcligioubly, 
And  were  of  onesocietie ; 
And  onely  was  their  impacts 
The  forme  of  eithers  phantasie. 

P/itJ/w  and  Wra,  1598. 

IMPALE.    To  encircle ;  to  enclose. 
IMPARLE.    To  speak ;  to  debate.  (Fr.) 
IMPARTERS.    Persons  induced  to  part  with 

their  money  by  artful  pretences. 
IMPARTIAL.     Used  sometimes  for  partial 
IMPATIENCE.    Anger.   Shak. 
IMPEACHMENT.    An hinderance.    Shak. 
IiMPED.    Planted.    Chaucer. 
IMPER.   A  person  who  plants.   (A.-S.} 
IMPERANCE.  Command;  mastery.  (Lai.)  Im- 

perate,  commanded,  Hardyng,  f.  50. 
IMPERIAL.  (1)  A  kind  of  cloth. 
(2)  A  game  at  cards,  mentioned  as  having  been 

played  by  Henry  VIIL 
IMPETRATE.  To  obtain  by  entreaty.  See  Hall, 

Richard  III.  f.  22.     Impetre,  Vitee  Patruni, 

f,97.   (X-AT.) 
IMPINGANG.  An  ulcer.  Devon.  It  is  also  called 

an  impingall 
IMPING-NEEDLES.  Needles  used  by  falconers 

in  imping  hawks.    See  Imp  (2). 
IMPLEACH.   To  intertwine.  Shot. 
IMPLUNGED.    Plunged  in. 

That  so  they  might  get  out  of  the  mo<<t  dangerous 

gulfe  of  ignorance,  wherin  multitudes  are  implunged* 
Dent'*  Pathway,  p.  324. 

IMPLY.   To  fold  up  ;  to  entangle.  Spenser. 
IMPONE.  To  interpose,  (laf.)   Jocularly,  to 

lay  a  wager.   Hamlet,  v.  2. 
IMPORTABLE.    Intolerable ;  impossible. 

For  he  alone  shall  tread  down  the  winepress,  an4 

take  upon  hi*  back  the  great  and  importable  bur«€a 

of  your  $!ns  all.  Ltecon't  Woilcs,  1843,  p.  J53. 

IMPORTANCE.   Importunity,    Not  peculiar  to 

Shakespeare,  as  supposed  by  Nares  and  Todd. 

The  word  is  used  by  Hey  wood.    Important, 

importunate.  (Fr.) 

IMPORTLESS.   Unimportant.    Shak. 
IMPORTUNACX  Importunity.  Sha&.  Chaucer 

has  importune. 


IMPORTURE.    A  stratagem.    HalL 
IMPOSE.    Imposition ;  command.    Shvk* 
IMPOSTEROUS.   Deceitful ;  cheating. 

turiQus,  Hamblet,  p.  155. 
IMPOTENT.    Fierce;  uncontrollable.  (Lot.) 
IMPKESS.   A  motto,  or  device. 
IMPRIME.   To  unharbour  the  hart.  Also  the 

same  as  Emprtni?,  Q.  v, 
niPHINT.    To  borrow.   (^.-.V.) 
IMPROPERY.    Impropriety.  IMl. 
IMPROVE.    To  repnne;  to  refute,   (Lat.}    It 

also  means,  to  prove. 

/mpruve,  rebuke,  «xhort  with  all  liwgtfuffl'riug 
and  doctrine. 

2  Tim.  Iv.  2,  <w  quoted  in  jB<*nth'*  Wwktt  1843,  p.  3, 

IN.  a)Upon;*ithin.   (^-^) 

(2)  To  carry  in  corn,  &o.   F  «r.  dial 

After  that  hervc*te  i/uned  hid  hi*  schfvc*. 

MS.  a«<;.  221. 

(3)  To  IP  in  with  &  person,  to  be  on  good  terms 
with  Mm.   A  common  phrase. 

(4)  That ;  if  j  than.    Abr/A. 
INACTIOUS.   Anxious    Leic. 
IN-AND-IN,    A  gambling  game,  played  hy  two 

or  three  persons  with  four  dice.     U  way  fur- 
merly  in  fashion  at  ortlinaricH. 
I  call  to  minde  I  heard  my  twelvH-jwnw  say 
That  be  hath  oft  at  Christmt»be<?noatp!.iy ; 
At  courtt  at  th'mnesof  tourt,  and  everywhere 
Throughout  the  klngdome,  belug  farrc  tnd  tietre. 
At  Passage  aixd  at  Murachance,  *t  Jfn  and  /«» 
Where  swearing  hath  bin  counted  for  no  ilunt*  j 
Wherv  Fullatn  high  and  low-men  bore  grt'»t  «way, 
With  the  qivicke  help* of  » Jtarcl  Cater  Tr«y« 

SVawk  ^/^rr/'V-Prnfr,  Ittlft,  p.  73. 
Your  ordinarie*,  ant!  your  ^auiinj?  xrhuoit1*; 
(The  game  of  Mereurii  *,  the  mart  of  f«K>U'*) 
Doe  much  rcjoyfre  when  his  j?oW  tluth  itjipf.ire, 
SeiKlniij  him  empty  with  a  flea  Jn'a  t'«r*»; 
And  when  hee'sgone,  to  onr  another  I.tugd, 
Making  his  mcane»  tho  subject  of  thf  tr  »cofft'» 
And  say,  its  plly  ho'*  not  bt'Uw  uujiht, 
Hec'b  a  fai re  gamester,  but  hit  luck  U  nought. 
In  the  meaneume,hi*  pocket*  bdng  wxiti, 
Hee  finde*  a  lurcher  to  luppty  hi*  w,,nt, 
Ono  that  ere  long,  by  paying  in-antt-in, 
Will  carryall  his  lurdshtp  In  a  skin, 

Ths  YOHHR  6W/a»l'«  n-Mt^'f,  im 

IN-BANK.   Inclining  ground.   North* 

IN'BASSET.  An  embassy,  t'ov,  Myrt.p.  77* 

IN-BETWEEN.  Between;  in  &  place  tlutt  i« 
between,  /  ar.  dial, 

IMBO\VEB.   Made  in  bows  or  loop*. 

INBRED,   Native.   Somrrwi. 

INBROTHEIUNO.  Embroidwing.  /«M»rrfyrf 
occurs  in  Pr.  Parv.  p.  261, 

INCAPABLE,    UnconscitWR.   <S^«*. 

INCARNATIOK-POWDKK.  A  kind  of  p«*fl*>r 
w  for  to  clere  the  «yjt(t  vertJ  wpllc,"  thtin  Je» 
scribed  in  an  early  MS.  of  mfctlc*!  receipts 
xv.  Cent. — "  Take  8owj»motentft  y»opef 
flow  res  of  sowtftcroewod,  culamynte,  Wt)'«  ofc 
the  jeneper  tre,  of  cche  lwh«  iooch?»  t«a  t3b« 
lekuris  of  fenelie  se<le  as  mocbe  an  of  *Ue  tbe 
erbis,  and  than  make  alk  then;  to  {>owdwf 
and  than,  strew  it  on  mete»f  or  ete  it  ai\d  ti 
wolle  kep«  the  »eyj*e»  and  duryfy  tlte  «t<ite«ke 
from  alle  humeres ;  awl  ^o  it  wolk  make 


475 


ING 


the  hav«  a  good  appetite,  and  it  wolle  stere 

the  lownges,  and  kepe  the  lyver  in  gode  state." 

INCESTANCY.   Incest   Middleton,  i.  268. 

INCH.   An  island.   Stok  (Se.) 

INCHES.  To  be  at  inches  with  them,  i.  e.  to  be 

very  near  to  them    Devon. 
INCHESSOUN,   Reason  ;  cause.   (^.-,V.) 
For  love  that  was  thcym  bytwene, 
He  made  inchosevun  for  to  abytle. 

MS.  HarL  2252,  f  86. 

INCH-MEAL.  A  word  similar  in  formation  and 
sense  to  piece-meal.  Still  in  use  in  Warwick- 
shire. Shak, 

IN-CHQRN.  The  inner  pocket  or  pouch  of  a 
fishing-net.  Warw. 

INCH-PIN.  The  sweet-bread  of  a  deer.  SeeCot- 
grave,  in  v.  Boyau. 

INCIDENTS.   Chance,  incidental  expences. 

INCISE.   To  cut  in.   (Lat.) 

1NCLEPE.    To  call  upon.  (<*.-£) 

The!  in  cartis  and  the!  in  hors,  but  we  in  the 
name  of  cure  Lord  God  schai  i»rte/w. 

MS  Tanner  16,  f.  51. 

INCOLANT.  An  inhabitant.   (Lat.) 
INCOMBROUS.    Cumbersome,  (//..JV.) 
INCOME.   Arrival.    Also,  to  arrive. 

Bat  Kayou*  at  the  income  was  kcpyd  unfayre. 

Mort<s  Art  hurt,  MS,  Lincoln,  f,  76. 
I  Nf CONSTANCE.    Inconstancy.  (^f.-.V.) 
INCONTINENT,  Suddenly;  immediately.  Used 

for  incontinently,  the  adverb. 
INCONVENIENT.     Unsuitable;  unbecoming. 

A  frequent  sense  in  old  plays. 
INCONY,  Fine;  pretty;  sweet;  delicate.  A  term 
of  endearment. 

Love  me  little,  love  me  long j  let  muslck  rumble, 
Whilst  I  in  thy  incvny  lap  do  tumble. 

Martotve'4  Jew  of  Malta,  iv.  S. 
O  super-dainty  canon,  vicar  inwnyJ 
Hake  no  delay,  Mile*,  but  away ; 
And  bring  the  wench  and  money. 

A  Tale  <tf  a  Tub,  vL  201. 

IN-COS.    In  partnership.  Stwex. 

INCREATE*    Uncreated.  (Lat.) 
Myn  owen  tone  with  mo  increaie 
Schalle  doua  be  «*nte  to  be  incarnate. 

I4tdgat«r  MS.  S»c.  stntiq.  134,  f.  I, 

INCULE.   To  inculcate.  (Lai.) 
INCUSS.   To  strike.    State  Papers,  i.  280. 
INCUSTUMED,  Accustomed.  Halt, 
INCUTE.    The  same  as  fnews,  q.  v. 

ThU  doth  ineute  and  bi»at  Into  our  hearts  the  fear 
of  God,  which  expelleth  tin. 

Becon'i  fr&rto,  1843,  p.  63, 

INIXE.   Azore^jolourcd.   (A,~N.) 
The  tother  hew  next  to  fynde 
Ivalblew,  men c»llen i^ncto. 
CMIWT  Mundi,  MS.  UAL  Trin.  Cantab,  f.  62. 
INDEED-LA !    The  exclamation  of  a  whining 
puritanical  person.     Shakespeare  uses  the 
phrase,  the  right  use  of  which  has  not  been 
previously  explained. 
INDBL.  Indoors.  Devon. 
INDENT,    To  bargain.    Frora  Iwtentwe. 
1N0ER.  A  large  quantity,  ^wt 
INDEX, -A  list  of  thechipt€ai»  toabook;  any 
«ocplanation  prefixed,  to  a  piece  of   enter* 
tgHuneaL 


INDIFFERENT.    Impartial.   Shak. 
INDIGNE.    Unworthy.    (^-/.-K) 
INDIGNIFY.    To  insult,  or  offend. 
INDIRLY.    Carefully ;  zealously. 

Than  whan  sche  wiste  it  indirly, 

Myr  X.opeschulde  be  the  more. 

Cower,  MS.  Soc.  Antiq.  134,  f.  5*, 

INDISH,   Belonging  to  India. 

IN D 11 CTION.  A  beginning ;  an  introduction  to 
a  poem,  or  play.  (Lat.) 

INDULTYF.    Indulgence;  luxury.  (^.-M) 
Than  of  brod  cloth  a  jerde  be  my  lyf, 
Me  thinketh  this  is  a  verry  indultyf. 

Occleve,  SIS.  8oc,  Antig.  134,  f,  2M 

INDUMENTS.    Endowments.   (Lat.) 

INDURATE.   To  enure.  Arch,  xxviii.  148. 

INDUTE.    Clothed ;  indued.  (Lat) 

INDWYNE.   To  endow.  Prompt.  Paro. 

INK.    Eyes.   Minot's  Poems,  p.  29. 

INEAR.   The  kidney.  North. 

INECHED.   Inserted.  (^.-£) 

INENNERABLE.    Undiscovered;  unknown. 

IN  FAME.    To  defame,  or  slander. 

INFANGTHEFE.  The  liberty  of  trying  a  thief 
granted  to  the  owner  of  an  estate  for  a  rob- 
bery committed  within  it.  (^.-£) 

INFANT.   A  child;  a  knight.   Spenser. 

INFANTRY.    Children.   Jomon. 

INJFARING.    Lying  within.   Somerset 

INFATIGABLE.   Indefatigable.   Draylon. 

INFECTIVE.    Contagious.   Palsgrave. 

INFERRE.   To  bring  in ;  to  cause. 

INFEST.   Annoying ;  troublesome. 

IN-FEW.   In  short;  in  a  few  words.   Shak. 

INFORTUNE.    Misfortune.  (^.-2V.) 

INFRACT.   Unbroken;  unbreakable.   (Lat.) 

INFUDE.    To  pour  into.   Palsgrave. 

INFUNDID.  Confounded.  See  the  list  prefixed 
to  Batman  uppon  Bartholome,  1582. 

INFUSE.    Same  as  Insense^  q.  v. 

ING.  A  meadow,  generally  one  lying  low  near  a 
river.  North. 

IN-GA.  To  go  in.  This  word  occurs  in  MS.  Cott. 
Vespas,  D.  vii.  of  the  thirteenth  century. 

INGAN.   An  onion.   Suffolk. 

IN-GANGE.  The  porch  of  a  church.  Spenser 
has  ingate,  entrance.  See  also  Craven  Gloss. 

INGENE.    Genius;  wit.  (Lat.) 

INGENIATE.    To  contrive.  Daniel. 

INGENIOSITY.  Wit;  contrivance.  Opticke 
Glasse  of  Humours,  p.  92. 

INGENIOUS.  Ingenuous.  These  terms  were 
often  transposed  by  early  writers. 

INGENNER.  To  generate.  The  commentators 
on  Shakespeare  have  overlooked  the  occur- 
rence of  the  word  in  this  sense  in  Decker's 
Knight's  Conjuring,  1607.  It  would  have 
gone  far  towards  the  explanation  of  a  difficult 
passage  in  Othello,  it  L 

INGENUITY.  Ingenuousness. 

INGENY.  Wit  See  Brit  Bibl.  L  302 ;  Opticke 
Glaw  of  Humours,  p,  42. 

According  to  the  nature,  ingenv,  and  property  of 
Satan,  which  is  a  liar,  and  the  father  of  all  lying. 

Secort*  Wort*,  1843,  p.  277, 

I&GINB1L    An  inventor,  or  creator.  (Lot.) 


INN 


4/6 


INS 


Our  wcrthy  poets,  (rginer*  of  wit, 

Pourtray  thesp  knights  in  colours :  what  for  fit 

But  to  be  repi  evented  on  a  stage 

By  the  shanke  buskind  actors,  who  presage 

A  dearth  of  gentlemen,  plenty  of  knights 

Pit  for  the  stewes,  but  farre  unfit  for  fights. 

JfirfrfZetojj's  Time's  filetamm  pfwsis,  1608. 

INGLE.  (1)  A.  favourite;  a  friend;  an  attend- 
ant.  Perhaps  more  correctly,  a  parasite.  The 
word  was  used  sometimes  in  the  bad  sense. 

When  the  first  word  that  a  punke  .spcakos  at  Tier 
ingle*  commiug  into  her  chamber  in  a  moving,  1 
pray  thee  send  for  some  fagots 

For  Gracnli,   1623,  p.  9. 

(2)  A  fire ;  a  flame ;  a  blaze.   North. 

(3)  The  same  as  Enghle,  q.  v. 
IN-GOING.   An  entrance.   (/7.-S.) 
IN-GOOD-WORfH.    Well  intended. 
INGRAM.  Ignorant. 

I  am  ne  clerke,  but  an  inipram  man,  of  small 
cideration  in  suche  arogant  buke  farles 

JSullaiu's  DutlttgM,  1573,  p.  5. 
INGROTON.    To  stuff,  or  surfeit.   Pr.  Parv. 
IN-GROUND.  The  same  as  In-bank>  q.  v. 
INHABITED.    Uninhabited.   (Fr\ 
INHERIT.    To  possess,  or  obtain.  Shak. 
INHIATE.    To  gape.  (Lot.) 

How  like  gaping  wolves  do  many  of  them  inAiato 
and  gape  after  wicked  mammon, 

Becon's  WirJt*,  1843,  p*  253. 

INHIBIT.  To  prohibit ;  to  forbid. 

Inhibityng  them  upon  a  Create  payn  not  onco  to 

approche  ether  to  his  speche  or  presence. 

Hall'*  Union,  1548,  Hen.  V.  Pol,  1. 
INHILDE.  To  pour  in.   (A.-S.) 
IN  HO  SPIT  ALL.    Inhospitable.   Hall 
INIQUIEXACION.     Disturbance.     See   Hall, 

Richard  III.  f.  9. 
INIQUITY.    One  of  the  names  of  the  vice  or 

buffoon  in  old  plays.    He  is  mentioned  as  old 

iniquity  by  Ben  Jonson. 
IN  JEST.  Almost;  very  nearly.    West. 
IN  JOIN.    To  join  together.   Palsgrave. 
INJURE.  Injury.  (A^N.) 
INJURY.  To  injure.   Middleton. 
INK.    In  falconry,  the  neck,  or  that  part  from 

the  head  to  the  body  of  a  bird  that  a  hawk 

preys  upon.    See  the  Gent.  Rec. 
INKHORN.    To  use  inkhorn  terms,  i.  e.  to  write 

affectedly,  and  use  fine  language.  "  Escorchr 

U  Latin,  to  inkhornize  it,  or  use  inkhorn 

tearmos,"  Cotgrave. 
INKLE.    Inferior  tape.    See  Florio,  p.  124  j 

Harrison,  p.  222. 

INKLING.    A  wish,  or  desire.   North. 
INK-STANDAGE.   An  ink-stand.   YorfA. 
INLAID.  Laid  in ;  provided.  Yor&sh. 
IN-LAWE.    To  receive.  (A.-S.) 
INLEASED.    Entangled ;  insnared.  (A.-N.) 
IN-LOKE.  To  look  narrowly.   (A-£) 
INLY.   Inwardly ;  deeply ;  thoroughly.  (A.-S.) 
INN.  (1)  This  term  was  anciently  applied  to  any 

Ifmfl  of  lodging-house,  or  residence. 
When  he  was  acbryven  of  his  synnes, 
He  went  horn  into  hit  Inne*. 

MS.  Cantab.  Ff.  v.  4«,  f.  44. 

(2)  To  enclose.  Sussex. 


INNANDE.  Within.   Arch.  xxx.  409. 
INNARDS.  Entrails.   f'ar.diaL 
INNATIVE.   Innate.    Chapman. 
INNE.  In.  The  adverb.  (^.&) 
INNEAW.   Presently.   Lane. 
INNERESTE.  Inmost.  (A.-S.} 
JNNERMQRE.   The  inner.  North. 
INNING.    A  harvest,  or  gathering  in  of  com; 

enclosing.    South.    Lands  enclo*»iid,  \\  hen  re- 

covered from  the  sea,  are  called  innings.  See 

Wright's  Mon   Letters,  p.  105,     At  cricket, 

the  party  at  the  wicket  \\p&  the  innings. 
INN1ULF."  Strung  thtcad,  such  as  shoemakers 

use.   Protnpf*  Part. 
INNOCENT.  (1)  Ignorant;  silly.  Hence  a  sub- 

stantive, an  idiot. 
(2J  Small  and  pretty,  chiefly  applied  to  flowors. 

Norlhampt, 
INNOM-BARLEY.   Such  barley  as  is  sown  the 

second  crop,  after  the  ground  ia  fallowed* 

North. 
INNOHMITY.    Minority;  not  bring  of  t  lie  legal 

age  to  reign.  (Lat.) 
INNOWE.  Enough.  LytJgaie  MS.    I-iwuh  oc- 

curs in  the  Vernon  MS.  f.  13. 
INOBEDIENCE-  Disobedience.    Chatterr. 
IN-OPINION.   OpinUtivo.   Pttoffrw, 
IN-OVER,    Moreover  i  besides,    Withal*. 
INPAKTE.  To  mix  things  together,  Lyttgatt, 
IN-PLACE.   Present  ;  here  ;  in  this  plan*. 
INPLI3ED.   Implied.  Apol.  Loll.  J>.  73. 
INPORTABLE.    Uubearabk.    (.*..#) 
INPRAVABLE.    Not  able  to  be  corrupted. 
Set  before  hb  ey«*  alway  theoy«of  ilw  cur'an  iup 

judge  and  tftt  Invrawblv  judgjnj?  |»Ut'«, 

jtotttrf*  Wwtt*t  ini.'J,  p,  Im, 
INPRENNAliLE.    Impregnable.   (-/.-.X) 
INPURTUlcED,  Portrayed  j  pic(ure<J  ;  a<U»rae<l 
INQUETE.    To  inquire,  01  se«k  for.   (,/,.,V) 
INQUIRATION.   An  inquir>'.   to/, 
INRE1).    Rni  in  colour  or  complexion. 
INRISE.  To  risft  in  ;  to  trine. 

Sothety  fr»  thythw»e  inryw  ft  gret  lufp  tnrt 
what  thynge  that  It  trewely  twwche*.  it  r*v«*cbe  U 
utterly  to  it.  M3.  Ltnevtn  A.  4,  i?,  t.  Iflt, 

IN-SAMJS.  Together.  (<£-&) 
INSCULP.   To  carve,  or  engrave.    S&att. 
IXSELKl).   Attested  under  seal  (^,^,) 
INSENSB.    To  inform  ;  to  make  ft  pemn 
derstand  a  thing;  to  convince;  to  iii 
North.  See  the  Times,  Aug.  Wlh,  1S43. 
IN-SENT.    Sent,  or  caat  in?  placet!. 
INSET.    Implaated.     Chanter. 
INSHORED.  Come  to  shore,  Stanihurat,  p.  J?9. 
INSIGHT.    A  road  in  a  coal  pifc  ttot  is  drtvcti 

into  tb«  work.    North* 
INSPAYRE,    Inspiration? 

*  And  my  lawle  made  thvrjfr*  Ihyao  IMIW^^ 
And  gaffd  me  lyramt*  **mly  »n4 


INSTANCE.   Motive;  oai»e$  proof} 

information.     M&I. 
INSTANT  To  importiiiie,  Sfatc  Ptpm,  I,  Wfr, 
INSTATE.    To  pl»c*  J».    8<*e  tl»«  trontto  of 


INT 


477 


IPO 


INSTAURED.     Renovated.     Marston. 
INSTILE.    To  name,  or  style.    Drayton. 
INSTORID.    Included;  contained.     Baler. 
INSTRUCT.    To  design,  or  appoint.     (Lat.) 
INSUFFISANCE.    Insufficiency.   (A.-N.) 
INSU1T.     Suit,  or  request.     Shak. 
INSURGE.     To  arise.     (Lat.)    This  word  is 
also  used  by  I  lardy  ng. 

What  mischkfe  hath  mxurged  In  rcalmcs  by  in- 
testine dcvision.  Halt,  Henry  1  r.  fol.  3. 

INT.    A  kind  of  sharper,  or  rogue  ;  the  same  as 

intakcr  in  Blount. 
INTACK.     An  inclosure;  part  of  a  common 

field  planted  or  sown,  when  the  other  part 

lies  fallow.     North. 
INTELLIGENCER.    A  spy.    Intettigenciaries, 

Holinshed,  Hibt.  Scot.  p.  45. 
INTEND.    To  attend  to  ;  to  be  intent  upon  ;  to 

stretch  out  ;  to  pretend  ;  to  understand  ;  to 

be  at  leisure.  Palsgrave. 
INfENDABLE.    Attentive.     Hall 
INTENDMENT.     Intention;  design. 
INTENTION.     Intensity  of  observation  on  any 

object.    tfhtik, 
INTKRCOMMON. 

About  I.W»,  all  between  Easton-Piers  and  Castle- 

Comb  was  a  Campania,  likeCotoswold,  upon  which 

It  borders  ;  and  th<»n  Yatton  and  Ca*tle-Combe  did 

interwmman  togothtr. 

Aubrett'x  Witit*  MS.  Soc,  Reg.  p.  200. 

INTERDEAL.    Traffic,  intercourse,  or  dealing 

between  persons.     Spenser, 
INTERESSE.    To  interest.     Often,  to  interest 

or  implicate  very  deeply. 
INTERFECTOR.    One  who  kills.    (Lat.} 
INTERGATORY.    An  interrogatory.    Shak. 
INTERMEAN.     Something  coming  between 

two  other  parts.     Men  Jo/tnon. 
INTERMELL.    To  intermeddle. 

But  thay  loved  eche  other  pawynge  well, 
That  no  spye*  <lur»t  with  thame  intermelL 

MS.  Lantd.  208,  f.  19 

INTEB-ME  WING.    A  hawk's  mewing  from  the 
first  change  of  her  coat  till  she  turn  white. 

INTERMINABLE.    Infinite.    (^.-JV.) 

INTERMITTING.    The  ague.    North. 

INTERPARLE.    A  parley.    Darnel. 

INTBRPONE.    To  interpose.    (Lat.) 

INTHR0NIZATE.    Enthroned,    Hall. 

INTIL.  Into.  (/*.-£) 

Vlf  tcho  couthe  on  horse  ride, 
And  a  thousand*  men  bl  hire  syde  ; 
And  »ho  wtre  comen  inrt/helde, 
A  »d  Kngrlond  she  couthe  welde; 
And  don  hem  of  thar  hire  were  queme, 
An  hire  bodi  couthe  y«me  : 
Ne  wolde  me  noveie  ivele  like, 
Me  thou  ich  were  in  bevene  riche. 

tiav&kk.  128. 

IKTIRE.    Within.    Mariowe,  ill  364. 
Enticement. 

Thoraw  the  fendU  intityng, 

The  doutjur  thoujt  anodur  thyng, 

M&  Cemtdh  Ft  v.  4$,  f.  45, 

NortA. 


INTOXICATE.    To  poison.    (Ut>) 


INTREAT.    To  use  or  treat.    Sto*. 
INTREATANCE.      Entreaty.      It    occurs    in 

Holinshed,  Hist.  England,  i.  18. 
INTREATY.    Treatment.     Painter. 
INTRINSE.    Intricate.    Shak. 
INTROATE.    To  make  entries.    (Lot.) 
INTROITS.     Psalms  said  or  sang  while  the 
priest  was  entering  within  the  rails  of  the 
Communion  Table. 

INTRUSOUR.    An  intruder.    Lydgate. 
INTUMULATE.    Buried.    See  Hall,  Edw.  IV. 

if.  34,  61 ;  Holinshed,  Hist.  Scot.  p.  44. 
INTURN.  (1)  Instead.    Salop. 
(2)  A  term  in  wrestling,  when  one  puts  his  thigh 
between  those  of  his  adversary,  and  lifts  him  up. 
Then  with  an  intwne  following  that, 
Upon  his  backe  he  threw  him  flat. 

Lucan's  Pharsatla,  1614. 

INTUSE.    A  bruise,  or  contusion.    (Lat.) 
I-NU3HE.    Enough.    (J.-S.) 
INVASSAL.    To  enslave.    Daniel. 
INVECT.    To  inveigh.    Nares. 
INVINCIBLY.    This  word  seems  sometimes  to 

have  the  sense  of  invisibly. 
IN  VITATORY.    A  hymn  of  invitation  to  prayer. 

In  theLatin  services,  the 95th  psalm  is  so  called. 
INVOCATE.    To  invoke.    Shak. 
INWARD.  Intimate ;  familiar.  See  Stanihurst's 

Description  of  Ireland,  p.  34. 
INWARD-MAID.    A  house-maid.    Suffolk. 
INWARDS,    The  intestines.     Var.  dial. 
1NWHELE.    The  inner  wheel  of  a  mill. 
INWIT.    Conscience;  understanding.    (4.-S.) 
INWITH.    Within.     (^.-5.) 
1N-3ETTIS.    Gets  in.    (A.-S.) 

This  name  Jhesulelely  haldyne  in  myndedrawet 

by  the  rote  vyces,  settys  vertus,  in-Iawes  chary  tee, 

In-jettls  savoure  of  hevenely  thynges. 

MS.  Lincoln  A.  i.  17,  f.  192; 
I-PAYNNED.    Ornamented.    (A.-S.) 

How  than,  seyst  thou,  that  he  Is  eoo  lovely,  the 

whyche  evydence  In  dede  shewlth  aoo  gresly  i- 

paynned  and  unlovely. 

Cajttan,**  Divert  Fruytful  Ghottlj/  Maters. 

IPOCRAS.  (1)  Hippocrates. 

And  ynto  preson  put  he  was  j 

And  now  begynneth  the  tale  of  fpocras. 

JUS,  Cantab.  Ff.  li.  38,  f.  138. 

(2)  This  beverage  has  been  already  mentioned,  in 
r.  Bippocras,  but  some  further  explanation 
may,  perhaps,  not  be  unacceptable.  The 
manner  of  making  it  is  thus  described  in  a 
MS.  of  medical  and  other  receipts — "  To  make 
ypocrasse  for  lords  with  gynger,  synamon,  and 
graynes,  sugour,  and  turesofl :  and  for  corny n 
pepull  gynger  canell,  longe  peper,  and  claryf-, 
fyed  hony.  Loke  ye  have  feyte  pewter  basens 
to  kepe  in  your  poudersi  and  your  ypocrasse 
to  ren  ynne,  and  to  vi  basens  ye  muste  have 
vj.  renners  on  a  perche,  as  ye  may  here  see ; 
and  loke  you*  poudturs  and  your  gynger  be 
redy  and  weE  paryd  or  hit  be  beton  into 
powtor,  Oynger  colombyne  is  the  best  gyn- 
ger j  mayken  and  balandyne  be  not  so  good 
H0r  holSoto.  Now  thou  knowist  the  proper- 
tees  oC  ypocras.  Your  poudurs  must  be  made 


IRA 


478 


ISE 


ereryehe  by  themselfe,  and  leid  in  a  hledder 
in  store,  hange  sure  your  perche  with  baggs, 
and  that  no  bagge  twoyche  other,  but  basen 
twoyche  basen.    The  fyrst  bagge  of  a  galon, 
every  on  of  the  other  a  potell.    Fyrst  do  into 
a  basen  a  galon  or  ij.  of  red  wyiie ;  then  put  in 
your  pouders,  and  do  it  into  the  renners,  and 
so  into  the  seconde  bagge.    Then  take  a  pece, 
and  assay  it ;  andyef  hit  be  euythyrig  to  stronge 
of  gynger,  alay  it  withe  sjnamon ;  and  yef  it  Le 
strong  of  synamon,  alay  it  withe  sugour  cute. 
And  thus   schall  ye  make  perfyte  ypocras. 
Andloke  your  bagges  be  of  boltell  clothe,  and 
the  mouthes  opyn,  and  let  it  ren  in  v.  or 
vj.  bagges  on  a  perche,  and  under  every  bagge 
a  clene  basen.    The  draftes  of  the  spies  is 
good  for  sewies.    Put  your  ypocrase  into  a 
stanche  wessell,  and  bynde  opon  the  mouthe 
a  bleddur  strongly ;  then  serve  forthe  waflfers 
and  ypocrasse."    This  is  printed  in  the  Forme 
of  Cury,  p.  161,  but  I  have  had  no  opportunity 
of  seeing  the  original  manuscript,  and  I  am 
afraid  it  has  not  been  quite  correctly  copied 
in  some  few  instances.  Another  ieceipt,  much 
more  simple  and  intelligible,  is  given  in  Ar- 
nold's Chronicle:— " Take  a  quarte  of  red 
wyne,  an  ounce  of  synamon,  and  halfe  an  unce 
of  gynger  j  a  quarter  of  an  ounce  of  greynes, 
and  long  peper,  and  halfe  a  pounde  of  suger ; 
andbrose  all  this,  and  than  put  them  in  a  bage 
of  wullea  clothe,  made  therefore,  with  the 
wyne ;  and  lete  it  hange  over  a  vessel,  tyll  the 
wyne  be  rune  thorowe."    A  third  receipt  is 
given  by  Cogan,— "Take  of  cdnamon  two 
ounces,  of  ginger  half  an  ounce,  of  grains  a 
quarter  of  an  ounce :  punne  them  grosse,  and 
pui  them  into  a  pottle  of  good  claret  or  white 
wine,  with  half  a  pound  of  sugar:  let  all  steep 
together  a  night  at  the  least,  close  covered  in 
some  bottle  of  glasse,  pewter,  or  stone ;  and 
when  yon  would  occupy  it,  cast  a  thinne  linnen 
cloath  or  a  piece  of  a  boulter  over  the  mouth 
of  the  bottle,  and  let  so  much  run  through  as 
you  will  drink  at  that  time,  keeping  the  rest 
close,  for  so  it  will  keep  both  the  spirit,  odor, 
and  virtue  of  the  wine  and  spices."    Ipocras 
seems  to  have  been  a  great  favourite  with  our 
ancestors,  being  served  up  at  every  entertain- 
ment, public  or  private.    It  generally  made  a 
part  of  the  last  course,  and  was  taken  imme- 
diately after  dinner,  with  wafers  or  some  other 
light  biscuits.    According  to  Pegge,  it  was  in 
use  at  St.  John's  College,  Cambridge,  as  late 
as  the  eighteenth  century,  and  brought  in  at 
Christmas  at  the  close  of  dinner. 
IPRES.    A  kind  of  wine,  mentioned  in  the 

Yorkshire  Ale,  1697,  p.  3. 
I-QUERE.    Every  where.     Gawayne. 
I-RADE.    Read;  perused.    <X.-£) 
Here  lettres  were  not  for  to  layne, 
They  were  i-rade  amonge  hem  alle. 

MS.  Hari.  2252,  f.  118. 
1RAIN.    A  spider.    See  Arain. 

To  skulk  sis  irain  thou  made  s&ule  his. 

P»alm»>  MS.  Cott.  retpat.  D.  vii.  f,  97. 


I  RALE.    A  kind  of  precious  stone. 

Hir  payetrelle  was  of  irate  fyoe, 

Hir  cropoure  was  of  orpharf. 

JITS.  &imWij  A.  I.  27,  f  I 
IRAN.    An  eagle.    Skinner. 
IRE.    Iron.     /JVw/. 

Ho  let  nine  platus  of  irn», 

Sumtlel  thinne  ami  brod*.    -V.9.  laud.  I'W,  J'.  W. 

IRENES  E.     Rennet.     Jfouifntet. 

IREX-1IARDE.     The  herb  vertain. 

CREOS.     Th<*  orris  JM>\\  tl*T.    Sit1  (trrartt. 

[R1S1I.  An  old  gatm',  similar  to  backgammon, 
but  more  complicated. 

IRISHUY.  The  Imh  people.  Also,  Highlan- 
ders and  Islcs-mcu. 

IRISII-TOYLE.  AcoortUng  to  the  Fraterniiyo 
of  Vacabondes,  1575,  "  an  Irishe  Toyla  is  lus 
that  carrieth  his  ware  in  liys  wallet,  as  laws, 
pins,  poyntes,  and  such  like,  tie  uaeth  to 
shew  no  wares  until!  lift  have  his  ahneu ;  atui 
if  the  good  man  and  wyfe  be  not  in  the  nvay, 
he  procttrcth  of  th«  children  or  servants  a 
fleece  of  wool,  or  the  worth  of  xij.  cl.  of  sonic 
other  thing,  for  a  pen! worth  of  his  wart'*.'" 
The  same  character  i»  mentioned  in  Dekkfr'a 
Lanthome  and  CantHe-Light,  IfisJO,  &ig.  IJ.  iti. 

IRK.    Tedious ;  slow ;  weary. 

Vn  Gotidya  «cr vyw  «w? »vych«  men  jrrfc, 
When  they  cotue  uato  lh«  Kyrkt*. 

MS.  ««i/.  17*1,  f*#> 
Of  hyr  they  were  ntvyr  »rkr* 

AT.V.  Cii^ro'*,  Kf.  H.  3«,  t  74, 
IRNING.    The  same  as  /re«e*et  q,  v. 
IRON.    To  taste  a  cheese,  by  running  a  cheese- 

swoop  in.    JVorM. 
IRON-MOULDS.     Yellow  lumps  of  earth  or 

soft  stone  found  in  chalk.    O*ro». 
IRON-SICK.  A  ship  or  boat  is  said  to  he  iron 
sick,  when  the  speeka  are  so  eaten  away  with 
the  rust,  or  the  nails  so  worn,  that  they  ntand 
hollow  in  the  planks,  BO  that  the  &hip  takes 
in  water  by  them. 

IRON-SIDED.    Rough;  tmruly.    tout. 
IROUR.    Anger.    Se^jrn  Sagea>  954* 
IROUS,    Angry  j  passionate.    (X.-M) 

The  colerik  frowird  /ulk  oV  d>»ct't, 
Irvus  to  here,  prodfgxlJ*  In  i'Xp*1*** 

MS.  &mf*K  Kf.  i,  e,  f,  i-Ki 

I  tes  none  honour  torn*  to  owtiray  hyi  knyghllrn, 
Thoghe  je  bee  irout  rnene  that  ay tm  one  hii  o**J«*. 

tfvrte  Arthur*,  MS.  Ltowt*.  f»«7. 
Char^'t^  yc  n*t  Irut, 
And  cturytd  y»  n*t  coveytottf. 

MX.  H*rl>r<&\.t,W. 

IRP.    A  fantastic  griratc*,  or  wntortioa  of  the 

body.    Ben  Jtmwn. 
IRRECUPERABtE.     roe&pftbte  of  being  r 

covered.    See  Hall,  Henry  VII.  f»  2* 
IRRBCURABLB.    Incurable.    //<*& 
IRRBVBUBERATION.    Vibration, 
IRRUGATB.    Towtinkl«     (tel.) 
ISAAC.  The  hedge-sparrow.    War*, 

from  Heismffge,  q»  v. 
ISCHEWB,    Issoej  nrogeny. 
Th4Fft  ts  none  HeAtftM  of  u«  on  rhl*  «th«  iproftf «*, 
Her**  Arthur*.  XS,  ttn^t^  f  fX 

ISE.    I.  West.     In  the  North,  lam, 


1ST 


479 


ITI 


ISELBON.    An  edge-bone  of  beef.    See  Arch. 

xiii.  371.    Still  in  use. 
ISENGHIX.    The  name  given  to  the  wolf  in  the 

romance  of  Renard.   (Lat.  Kfed.) 
;-SE>R.     Saw.     See  St.  B randan,  p.  8, 
ISIIEH.     High;  lofty.     Yvrtoth. 
ISIXG.    A  kind  of  pudding.     See  Withals,  ed. 
1008,  p.  121 ;  >Vyl  Bucko,  p.  12.    According 
to  some,  a  sausage. 
I-SI\VEl>.    Followed.     (A.-S.) 

For  threo  dawcs  heo  hablro  *  siwed  me, 
And  noujt  nc  habbv  th  to  mete. 

MS  Ijiud.  lOtt,  f,  1. 

ISLAND.     The   aisle  of  a  church,   called  in 

medieval  Latin  immln  ! 
ISLANDS.     Iceland  doirs ;  shock-dogs. 
ISLE-OF-WIGHT-PAUSON.  A  cormorant,  hle- 
of-  Wight -Rock,  a  kind  of  very  hard  cheese 
made  there* 

ISLES.    Embers  ;  hot  ashes.   Lane.    The  small 
black  particles  of  soot  arc  so  called  in  Lincoln- 
shire.  "  Isyl  of  fyrf ,  fariUa,"  Pr.  Parv.  p.  266. 
I-SODK.     Boiled.    (/T.-&) 

More  him  hkcde  that  i Ike  piste, 
Thane  anl  tlechys  i-mds  othur  I-rost. 

MS,  Lauti,  108,  f,  12. 

ISPY.    Hide-and-seek.     Var.  dial 

ISHUM.    A  long  stupid  tale.   Line. 

ISSKS.    Earth-worms.    Hants. 

ISSUEN,    To  issue,  or  rush  out. 

Whan  the  crie  was  cried,  walkind  was  non  sene, 

Bot  tolnne*  hied,  as  Cher  no  man  had  bone. 

The  ScottU  perceyved  wele  thei  durst  not  iwAsn  oute, 

It  neghed  nere  metesel,  than  ros  up  alle  the  route. 

At  the  hie  midday  went  the  Scottis  men, 

Tuo  myle  wattherway,  to  thecastelleof  Mctfen. 

Langtoft**  ChrtoiicU,  p.  334. 

ISSU.    The  entrails  of  an  animal. 

1ST.    I  will.    Also,  is  it?    North, 

ISTA.    Artthou?    Yorteh. 

iSTIA.  Th<*  following  receipt  for  making  "  a 
whyte  trett  that  is  callyd  plasture  istia  or 
syne"  is  from  a  curious  MS.  of  the  fifteenth 
century : — Take  mete  oyle,  and  sett  hit  one 
the  fyre,  and  than  put  thereto  Hterage  off 
gold,  sylvcr,  or  lede;  and  than  sture  them 
well  togethur ;  and  than  take  whyte  lede,  and 
put  thereto  powder  of  aerews  and  codilbon 
thcrto;  and  than  let  them  sethe  welle,  and 
alwey  uture  them  tille  hit  be  hard  and  theke ; 
and  than  take  a  pynte  of  pyle  and  of  the  lite- 
rage  a  quartoue,  and  of  whyte  led  a  quartone, 
and  of  senis  a  quorton,  and  a  quarton  of 
codilbone,  be*  loke  that  hit  stonde  most  be 
the  Uterage,  and  this  wolbe  a  gode  trett  for 
aile  feature*  and  hott  sorys.  Yt  wylle  also 
Me  a  wownde,  withowt  eny  instrumentes  of 
iurgerre;  the  whiche  trett  or  istia  wolle 
garre  the  matere  to  ys»en  owte  at  the  wo wnde, 
and  hete  it  in  a  monyth  or  letyll*  more,  the 
wheche  wonde  wold  not  be  helfd  in  halfe  a 
yere  be  the  warke  of  surged  And  instede 
of  codilbon  it  ys  to  be  noted  that  tansy,  hemp- 
*e4  or  the  croppy^  whyle  they  be  grene, 
maye  be  takyn ;  and  the  echede  therof  wolle 


serve  alle  the  yere  for  the  istia.  Tak  also  the 
levys  of  red  cole,  mowshere,  and  bugle,  of 
ecche  a  handfulle  and  a  halfe,  and  than  stampe 
thame,  and  streyne  them  wyth  gode  whyte ' 
wyne,  and  so  therof  drynke  every  day  iij. 
sponefulle  at  morne,  and  as  moche  at  nyjth, 
til  je  be  hoole," 

I-SXJ03E.    In  swoon.    St.  Brandan,  p.  1. 
IT,    Yet.     West.    lathe.    North.    Formerly 
used  for  he  and  she.  It  also  signifies  a  beating 
or  correction. 

The  journie  semith  wondrous  long, 

The  which  I  have  to  make, 
To  tearemysalfeandbeate  my  braines, 

And  all  for  Wisdomes  sake  1 
And  it,  God  knowes  what  may  befall, 

And  what  luck  God  will  send, 
If  she  will  loue  me  when  I  come 
At  this  myjournyesend. 

Marriage  of  Wit  and  Wisdoms,  1579. 
ITAILLE.    Italy.     Chaucer. 
ITALIAN  ATE.     Italianized;  having  adopted 

the  fashions  of  Italy. 
ITCH.    To  creep  ;  to  jet  out.    Kent.    Also,  to 

be  very  anxious. 

ITCH -BUTTOCK.  The  game  of  Level-coil,  q.  v. 
Florio  has,  "  Giocare  a  levaciilo,  to  play  at 
levell  cule,  or  itch  buttock."    Skinner  spells 
it  differently,  "  Level  coyl,  vox  tesseris  glo- 
bulosis  ludentium  propria,  a  Fr.  G.  levez  le  cul, 
culum  eleves  (i.  e.)  assurgas,  et  locum  cedas 
successori,  vices  ludendi  pnebeas,  nobis  etiam 
hitch  buttock,  imo  etiam  Italis  eodem  sensu 
Giocare  a  Ltva  culo  usurpatur." 
ITCHE,     I.    Somerset. 
ITCHFULL.    Itchy.    Palsgrave. 
ITEM.    A  hint.     Wore. 
ITEMS.    Tricks  ;  fancies ;  caprices.    Devon. 
ITEK    To  renew  a  thing.    (A.-N.) 
I-THE,    To  prosper.    (4.-S.) 
He  is  blynde  that  may  »e, 
He  h  riche  that  shalle  never  i-the. 

Archowtogia,  xxlx,325 

I-TOYLED.   Wearied.   (A.-S.) 

And  sone  the!  hedden  on  hym  leyd 
Heore  scharpe  cloches  alle  tho ; 
Hit  was  in^a  deolful  pleyt, 
Reuthllche  i-toyled  to  and  fro. 
For  sum  me  were  ragged  and  tayled, 
Mid  brode  hunches  on  heore  bak ; 
Scherpe  clauwes,  and  longe  nayled ; 
Nas  non  of  hem  withouten  lac. 

Vernon  MS.  Bodleian  Library. 

IV.    In.    /n#0,into.    North. 
I-VALID.    Deposed ;  made  to  descend. 

And  mighty  tyrauntes  from  hir  royall  see 

He  hathe  i-valid  and  put  adoune. 

Lydgate,  MS.  Ashmole  39,  f .  38 

IVELE.    Evil;  injury;  sickness.    (A.-S.} 
Roberd  hire  ledde,  that  was  Red, 
That  have  tharned  for  hire  the  ded 
Of  ani  havede  hire  miaseyd, 
Or  band  with  toele  onne  leyd.      Havelok,  1689. 
Than  him  tok  an  ivel  strong, 
That  he  we0]  wlste,  and  underfong, 
That  his  deth  was  comen  him  on.       /&io,  114. 

IVIN.    Ivy.    North. 


IVY 


480 


IVOURE.  Ivory.  'fl-AT.) 

With  golde  and  ivoure  that  so  brighte  schone. 
That  alle  aboute  the  bewtfe  men  may  se. 

Zjydgate,  Rawl'nson  MS.  f.  34. 

IVY.  Aubrey  mentions  a  curious  custom,  which 
I  believe  is  now  quite  obsolete.  "  In  several 
Darts  of  Oxfordshire,"  he  says,  "  particularly 
ax  Lanton,  it  is  tbe  custom  for  the  maid- 
servant to  ask  the  man  for  ivy  to  dress  the 
house:  and  if  the  man  denies  or  neglects  to 
fetch  in  ivy,  the  maid  steals  away  a  pair  of  his 
breeches,  and  nails  them  up  to  the  gate  in  the 
yard  or  highway." 

IVY-BUSH.  The  ivy-bush  was  formerly  hung 
out  at  taverns,  to  signify  that  good  wine  was 
sold  there, '  The  following  from  a  rare  work 
by  Braithwaite,  Law  of  Drinking,  12mo, 
Lond.  1617,  is'sufficiently  curious  to  be  given 
entire : 

A  president  of  binding  any  one  apprentice  to  the 
known  trade  of  the  /vy-bttsh^or  Redlettice;  taken 
out  of  the  ancient  rfgigter-brtke  of  Ptttina. 

Be  itknowne  unto  all  men  by  these  presents,  that 
1  Ralph  Reclnoseof  Running-Spiggot  Inthecountie 
of  Turue-Tap,  bowzer,  am  tide  and  fast  bound  unto 
Francis  Fiery-face  in  all  up-carouses,  in  twenty  pott 
sterling ;  that  is  to  say,  not  by  the  common  can  or 
jug  now  used,  but  by  the  ancient  full  top  and  good, 
measure,  according  to  the  laudable  custorne  of  the 
Red  Lettice  of  Nip-scalpe;  to  the  which  said  pay- 
meat  well  and  truely  to  be  made,  I  bind  me,  my 
heires*  ale-squires,  pot-companions*  Hck-wimbJes, 
malt-wormes,  vine-fretters,  and  other  faithfull 
drunkards,  firmely  by  these  presents;  Dated  the 
thirteenth  of  Scant-sober,  and  sealed  with  O  I  am 
ticke,  and  delivered  with  a  bowle  and  a  broomeln 
the  presence  of  throstle*,  the  tapster,  and  thecham- 
berlaine. 

IVY-GIRL,  A  writer  in  the  Gentleman's  Mag- 
azine,  quoted  by  Brand,  i.  35,  mentions  a  sort 
of  sport  used  in  Kent  during  the  month  of 
February,  where  the  girls  were  burning  in 
triumph  a  figure  which  they  had  stolen  from 
the  boys,  called  a  holly-boy,  whilst  the  boys 
wore  doing  the  same  with  another  figure  called 
aa  wy~girL  All  this  ceremony  was  accom- 
panied with  loud  huzzas,  noise,  and  acclama- 
tions. The  writer  adds, "  what  it  all  means 


I  cannot  tell,  although  I  inquired  of  several  of 
the  oldest  people  in  the  place,  who  could  onlj 
answer  that  it  had  always  beeu  a  sport  al 
this  season  of  the  year." 
IWE,    A  Jew.     Nominate  MS. 
Trowt'  this  for  no  U-s> n#, 
And  namely  leve  her  of  no  lw«, 
For  al  thus  dud  thet  with  Jhte»n. 
Cursor  Afwcfi,  M.S'.  <W/.  Trin.  Cantab,  f.!l» 
I  WE  RE.    A  remedy,  or  cure.    Pr*  Part* 
1-WIIILS.     In  the  mean  time. 

Hismodiri  u'Aikpartocallea  knave, 
And  iilghte  hymgrct*  gyftfc  to  hafe. 

Jf&  Lincoln  A.  f.  )7,  f.  99 

I-WIS.  Certainly ;  truly  j  undoubtedly ;  to  wit . 
especially;  besides.    (4~.£)    After  the  fif- 
teenth  ceatury,  this  sense  .of  the  word  seem* 
to  have  b«en  b&t,  and  it  appears  to  have  beer, 
regarded  as  a  pronoun  and  a  verb,  /  AJMW* 
Berafrynde,  i  «oid  Adam* 
2-wytae  thou  art  a  wytty  man, 
Thou  shale  wel  drynk  therforc. 

MS.  <.  'nnttib.  Ff.  Y.  48,  f.  40 
I  *m  alwayes  troubled  with  the  IUhorlurdimt 

I  love  «o  to  linger; 
I  am  so  lasy,  the  mo«#8  growcth  an 

Inch  thick  on  the  top  of  my  finger ! 
But  if  you  l!*t  to  kno*e  my  name, 

/  wi*  1  am  to  welt-knowen  to  *om«  mmi 
My  name  is  idJenea,  the  fiow»r 

Of  the  fry  ing- pan  1 
My  mother  had  Ij.  whelp*  u  ooe  litter, 

Both  borne  in  Lent ;  # 

So  we  ware  both  put  into  B  mus*«llbote. 

And  came  faiing  lu  a  $owe»  yeweouer  MM  tat' 
Keau      Marries*  ^  mu**d  ff^lMw,  1675 
.    An  axle-tree.    Sumx. 
HRNE.   Iron.   North 

Wyth  gunne»gret» and  other  gflrt  oTdlaawt, 

Them  to  help  and  to  avanc. 

With  many  a  prowd  pavy*  i 

Gayly  p«ynttd  and  uufflid  walle, 

Eibawdetarmyd  with  tymt  and  «telt, 

Was  never  better  off  devycc.     Ret,<i.  Anttf.  1L  fi», 

IZEY-T12EY.    Uncertabty,    &«w*. 

IZLE.    Hoarfrojit.    JVbrfA. 

IZZARD.    The  letter  Z,     For.  diaL     MOT- 

generally  pronounced  izset. 
I3EN.    Eyes,    Seo  iuigtoft,  p,  2^. 


1 36  595