DICTIONARY
OF THE
HAUSA LANGUAGE
VOLUME II. ENGLISH-HAUSA
BY THE SAME AUTHOR
A Dictionary of the Hausa Language. Vol. I.
Hausa-English. Crown 8vo. 3rd ed. 12s. net. Vol. II.
English-Hausa. Cro\vn 8vo. 3rd ed. 10s. net. (Cambridge
University Press.)
Specimens of Hausa Literature. Small 4to. 10s.
Translation, Transliteration and Notes, without Facsimiles. 5s.
(Cambridge University Press.)
Hausa Grammar, with exercises, readings and vocabulary.
4th ed. 5s. (Kegan Paul, Triibner & Co.)
Magana Hausa. Hausa Stories and Fables collected by
J. F. SCHON, D.D., re-edited by C. H. ROBINSON, D.D. 2s. 6rf.
(S.P.C.K.)
The Interpretation of the Character of Christ to
non-Christian Races : an apology for Christian Missions.
Seventh thousand. 2s. 6d. In paper covers. Is. (Longmans.)
The Missionary prospect, including a survey of
Christian Missions in the past. 5s. net. (Partridge.)
DICTIONARY
OF THE
HAUSA LANGUAGE
by
CHARLES HENRY ROBINSON D.D.
SOMETIME LECTURER IN HAUSA IN THE UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE
HONORARY CANON OF RIPON
VOLUME II
ENGLISH-HAUSA
THIRD EDITION
Cambridge
at the University Press
1914
R6S
19)3
CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS
C. F. CLAY, MANAGER
HOtt&OtU FETTER LANE, E.C.
100 PRINCES STREET
Berlin: A. ASHEB AND CO.
lLetp>tfl: R A. BROCKHAUS
(3eto gorfe: G. P. PUTNAM'S SONS
Bombap ant Calcutta: MACMILLAN AND CO., LTD.
^Toronto: J. M. DENT AND SONS, LTD.
2Tofego: THE MARUZEN-KABUSHIKI-KAISHA
First Edition 1900
Second Edition 1907
Third Edition 1914
All rights reserved
PREFACE TO THE THIRD EDITION
TN preparing this third edition of the English- Hausa
- Dictionary for the press I desire to express my gratitude
for much valuable assistance received from Major Frank
Eclgar, author of three volumes of Hausa stories (tatsuniyoyi),
Mr W. J. Gowers, the Resident at Kano, Captain Roland
Fletcher, author of Hausa Folklore, Dr Walter Miller, of the
C.M.S. Mission, Zaria, the chief translator of the N.T. into
Hausa, Dr J. M. Dalziel and others who have supplied
corrections and additions to the former edition. To Major
Edgar I am specially indebted for many suggestions in regard
to the transliteration of Hausa words, and to Dr Dalziel I
am indebted for much help in compiling lists of plants and
animals.
The system of transliterating Hausa which has been
adopted in this volume and in the fourth edition of the
Hausa Grammar recently published, differs in several respects
from that followed in Vol. I. The changes have been made
in order to render the system of transliteration uniform with
that which has recently been adopted by the English Govern-
ment authorities in Nigeria. It is impossible by any system
of transliteration to represent the exact sounds of many
Hausa words. Thus we might almost equally well write
yanka or yenka < to cut/ kwai or kwoi ' egg/ hanya or hainya
' road,' bakivai or bokkoi ' seven.' In each case the sound to
VI PREFACE TO THE THIRD EDITION
be represented lies between the sounds suggested by the
alternative forms. The Hausa script affords no help
in deciding between e and a in a word such as yanka
' to cut,' as the script contains no symbol for a short e. In
order to bring the system adopted in this dictionary into line
with that of the books issued by the Government of Nigeria
I have adopted the former alternative in each of these cases
which are typical of many others.
Several changes have also been made in respect of the
divisions between nouns or pronouns and prepositions.
Prepositions will be found written as separate words except
in cases where the words to which they are attached cannot
be used as independent words apart from the prepositions.
Thus we have ma shi or masa ' to him.' The possessive
pronouns are joined to the nouns to which they belong. In
some cases, e.g. wurinsa ' in his place,' where the pronoun is
really possessive the noun although used as a preposition
cannot be separated from the pronoun : the same rule would
apply to a use such as ina binsa ' I follow him.' In a few
cases a preposition followed by a noun has become so closely
united that it would be pedantic to separate them, e.g.
dayawa, cf. English ' forasmuch,' ' overmuch ' etc.
There are many instances in which it is impossible to
say whether a double consonant should be used for purposes
of transliteration. In the former edition of this dictionary
in such doubtful cases the second consonant was placed in a
bracket, e.g. dag(g)a ' from.' As this method of trans-
literation is clumsy and is otherwise unsatisfactory the use
of brackets has been abandoned. In a considerable number
PREFACE TO THE THIRD EDITION vii
of cases a word may be written either with a single or a
double consonant. Thus we may write ddga or dagga, toft
or taffi ' to go/ lisa or bissa ' top. The general rule is that
wherever a consonant is doubled both consonants should be
pronounced: thus amma 'but/ should to pronounced am-ma.
In accordance with the use adopted by the majority of
Hausa students I have avoided the use of chch, shsh and
tsts, as, although in a word such as chikache ' full/ the sound
chikachche may be heard when the word is pronounced with
unusual deliberation, the double ch is not heard when the
word is used in ordinary rapid conversation.
As this dictionary is intended for the use of those who
desire to speak the ordinary colloquial Hausa, I have
omitted rare words and rare plurals or other formations.
CHARLES H. ROBINSON.
June, 1914.
ABBBEVIATIONS
ans.
= answer.
neut.
= neuter.
art.
article.
obj.
objective.
coll.
collective.
part.
participle.
comp.
comparative.
pass.
passive.
concr.
concrete.
pers.
person.
conn.
connective.
phys.
physically.
dem.
demonstrative.
possess.
possessive.
cliff.
different.
pregn.
in a pregnant sense.
expr.
expression, also = ex-
prep.
preposition.
pressed.
pr. n.
proper noun.
fern.
feminine.
pron.
pronoun.
fig-
figuratively.
rel.
relative.
foil.
following.
rep.
repeated.
fat.
future.
sep.
separate.
gent.
gentilic.
spec.
specially, also = special,
id.
the same.
special term or terms.
impers.
impersonal.
suff.
suffixed.
instr.
instrumental.
techn.
technical.
inter j.
interjection.
tr.
transitive.
interrog.
interrogative.
trop.
tropically.
intr.
intransitive.
V.
verb, also = see.
loc.
of place.
vv.
verbs.
neg.
negative.
The letters (K.), (S.) or (Z.) placed after a Hausa word denote that the
word is specially used in the districts of Kano, Sokoto or Zaria.
ENGLISH-HAUSA DICTIONARY
When more than one Hausa equivalent is given it is not intended to
suggest that the Hausa renderings are synonyms. For the exact
meanings of the Hausa words the student is referred to the HAUSA-
ENGLISH Dictionary.
Words to which * is attached are not in general use amongst the Hausas,
and should not be employed without reference to the HAUSA-ENGLISH
Dictionary.
a, 1. indef. art.; there is no
word generally used in Hausa
corresponding to the English
indefinite article, the simple
noun sufficing, e.g. ba ni
goro give me a kola nut.
2. as indef. pron. taking
the place of an art., day a one
and wani, fern, wata, pi. wan-
su, i.va8u orwadansu are some-
times used, e.g. wani gari ke
nan there was a city, akwai
wata mache sunanta Amina
there was a (certain) woman
named Amina.
3. a-, found as a prep, pre-
fix with Engl. words, as a-
shore a, da, e.g. afoot a kafa,
alive da rai.
aback, 1. adv., see back.
2. fig. e.g. I was taken
aback (i.e. I was staggered
or surprised) at this wannan
ya ba ni mamaki.
R. H. D.
abandon, tr. v. bari, bar.
abandoned, adj., see profli-
gate.
abase, tr. v. maida or yin ka-
rami ; refl. with kai ( = self),
e.g. he abases, or humbles,
himself ya maida kansa ka-
rami, or ya tankwasa kansa.
abash, tr. v. sa, ba or bada
kumya ; I feel abashed na ji
kumya (or kunya).
abate, tr. v. raga, rage, ragi
intr. ragu, ragi.
abatement, n. (decrease) rage-
wa, raguwa; = amount de-
ducted from price of anything
rangwame, grant me an a.
ka yi ma ni rangwame.
abattoir, n. wurinfawa.
abdicate, intr. v. (used of a
king) kauiu, maida rawani.
abdomen, n. chiki- jiki, pi.
jikuna (lit. body) is some-
times employed in this sense.
abhor
abruptly
abhor, see hate.
abide, intr. v. (dwell) zamna ;
see abode.
ability, n. 1. (power) iyawa,
iko, a. to do what one likes
samun dama.
2. (mental power, under-
standing) cf . hankali, dubara,
dabara, dibara, lura, wayo.
abject, adj., see despised.
able, to be, v. iya, i ma, isa,
e.g. I am a. to do this work
ina iya yin aikin nan, you
can do this ku isa yin wan-
nan^ or ku isa ku yi wannan \
to be unable or not able is
expr. by gaza, or the neg. of
the above, e.g. we are unable
to lift this ba mu isa mu
dauka wannan ba, I cannot
na gaza or yafaskare ni (lit.
it surpasses me).
able, (clever) gwani.
ablutions, ceremonial, n. al-
walla, arwalla ; a. made with
sand taimama ; to make a.
shafe, shafo.
abode, n. mazamni, gida.
abolish, tr. v., see take away,
destroy.
abominable, adj. mugu, fern.
mugunya, pi. miyagu, or
mugaye.
abominate, tr. v., see hate.
abomination, n. abin mugu,
abin kazamta, abin haram.
aborigines, n. habe.
abortion, ashara, to produce
a. bata chiki, yasda diya.
abortive, adj. babu anfani,
banza.
abound, intr. v. faye, kdru,
yin girma; see abundance,
abundant,
about, adv. and prep. 1. (a.
so much, nearly) ko, kwatam-
chin (kwatanchin, kdza).
2. (around) kewaye ; a.
him kewayensa.
about, to be, v. za followed by
the personal pronouns, e.g. I
am a. to start za ni tashi ;
yin kusa, kusata, e.g. su kvx-
sata in yi haka ; cf . makdda.
above, adv. and prep, bisa,
a bisa, daga bisa, birbishe (S. ),
darap \ as prep, bisa ga, and,
when followed by personal
pronouns, gare, e.g. bisa ga
tudu but bisa gare ski ; cf .
biz-biz.
abreast, adv. ajere, ajera, gaba
day a, dabara, daura.
abroad, adv. a waje, daga
waje; (at a distance) daga
nesa.
abrogate, tr. v. kauda, kawas
da ; to a. a law gushe.
abrupt, adj. (precipitous) da
gangara.
abruptly, adv. (suddenly) da
sauri, da samri.
abscess, n. kurji, kureji, kirchi,
gurje, pi. kuraje, maruru,
gyambo, pi. gyambuna, han-
tukuriya (K.), jambade.
absence, in his bayansa.
absent, see under present,
absorb, tr. v. sha, shanya;
(used of cloth, etc.) tsotsa; to
be absorbed in thought or
business (so as to forget all
else) yin shagalchi, e.g. I
was so absorbed that I for-
got this na yi shagalchi har
na mania wannan.
abstain from, tr. v. daina,
dena ; bari, bar.
abstract, tr. v. debe, fitasda ;
(to purloin) sache, sata, yin
sata.
absurd, adj. banza.
Abubekr, pr. n. Abubakar, also
contracted form Bube.
abundance, n. yawa, yawan- '
chi, auki*, yahva, yayalwachi,
kdri, malala, rufogo, walawa,
tululu, titti, tulli, rikumbu* ;
(a. of food) sari, machiya,
tinjim *.
abundant, adj. dayawa, ma-
yaiva, mai-yawa.
abundantly, yalwache.
abuse, n. (i.e. abusive words) j
habaichi, pi. habaitai, kazaj]
kazap, zambo.
abuse, tr. v. 1. (to revile)
zge, zagi, birga, burga ; (to
accompany
a. behind one's back) yin
habaichi, chim baya.
2. (to make ill use of)
turn by yin with abin wofi,
etc.
acacia, bagaruwa, gabaruwa,
dakwara, dushe, fara kaya,
farchin shafo, gaba chara,
gardayi, gawo, pi. gawake,
kwarkwara, karkara, kak-
kara, kwandariya.
accede to, v. 1. yarda, e.g.
abin nan da ya fada ma ka
mun yarda = we a. to the
terms he mentioned to you ;
amsa.
2. (as heir) gada.
3. (to the throne) chin
sarauta, chi, yin sariki.
accelerate, to hamzarta, see
hasten,
accent, he has an a. bakinshi
yana da kwata.
accept, tr. v. karba, karbi,
samu; cf. also prec. 1.
acceptable, adj., it is a. to me,
periphr. ya gamshe m, da or
abin da ya gamshe ni.
acceptance (receipt), amsa.
accident, n. kure, pi. kura-
kuri, sabdbi, tsautsayi ; an a.
happened to him sabdbi ya
same shi.
acclamation, n. guda. See
shout.
accompany, tr. v. raka, rdki,
12
accompanying
accustom
rake, yin rakiya, chi ma,
I will a. thee za ni tare
da kai.
accompanying, act of, n.
rakiya (S.), rako (K.).
accomplish, v. iyas, iyas da,
kare, chika, gama, yi.
accomplished, particip., see
finished,
accord, to a. with yin baki
daya, yin kdma da.
according as, adv. particle
kama da, kaman da, kanda,
tamkan da, tamkar da, tarn-
kad da, yadda.
accordingly, see therefore,
accouchement, jego.
account, n. 1. lisafi, lesafi,
kidaya, kida, kididiga : to
render an a. yin lisafi, yin
kidaya, to take a. of zdna.
2. fig. e.g. he held of 110 a.
ba ya kula or ba ya yi kula
constr. with da or ga.
3. (narration) labari, to
give an a. bada, ba or gaya
labari ; I will give you an a.
of the war zan gaya ma ka
labarin yaki.
account, on a. of, prep, sd-
ba da, sdbad da, sdbo da*,
a blsa, don, domin, e.g. on
a. of this sdbad da wan-
nan, on a. of what? where-
fore? don mi, dommi, or
domi.
accoutred, one who is a.
mai-daurin jiki.
accoutrements, i.e. arms, etc.
kayan ddga, kayan yaki.
accrue, v. 1. (of gain) see
profit.
2. (happen, ensue) faru.
accumulate, see gather.
accurate, adj. and adv. na-
kwarai, fern, ta-kwarai, dai-
dai, sosai] to be a. yin
daidai.
accursed, adj., e.g. it is ac-
cursed ya yi la'ana.
accusation, n. sara, abin sara,
rada*, kdra ; false a. rinto,
kage.
accuse, v. sare, sara, kai kdra
(lit. bring an accusation,
constr. with ga), e.g. they
a. this man sun kai kdra ga
mutumen nan, kaga ma*.
accuser, n. mai-sara, pi. masu-
sara, mai-kawon kdra, dan-
kara, mai-kara.
accustom, v. 1. to be accus-
tomed saba, e.g. I am accus-
tomed to this na saba da
wannan, domestic animals
are accustomed to men,
bisashen gida sun saba da
inutane.
2. (to be wont, used)
employ the verbal form with
kan, e.g. he was accustomed
to do thus shi kan yi haka.
ache
adhere
3. tr. I accustomed him
to this food na sa ski shi saba
da abinchin nan.
ache, n. chiwo ; I have a head-
ache na ji (or na yi) chiwon
kai.
achieve, v. aikata, samo*, yi,
see accomplish.
acid, adj. da tsami, da tsamiya,
da yami.
acidity, n. tsami, tsamiya,
yami.
acknowledge, see confess.
acquaint, tr. v. (i.e. tell, inform
of) gaya,fadi, sanas da, sanan
da. sanar da, sanashe.
acquaintance, an, n. masani,
pi. masana ; he is no a. of
mine, I am not acquainted
with him ba shi ne masanina
ban san shi ba.
acquainted with, 1. see prec.
2. (versed in) ; see ac-
custom 1.
acquiesce, v. yarda ; I a. in
this na yarda wannan.
acquiescence, yarji.
acquit, v. (used of a judge)
chechi, bada yaskiya ; to be
acquitted barra, kubuta.
acrid, see acid.
acrobat, danfoto.
across, prep. 1. e.g. a. the
sea ketaren (or daga ketaren)
yulbi.
2. (beyond) bay an.
act, n. aiki-, phr. a bad a.
mugunta, mugun aiki; a
good or kind a. alheri.
act, to aikata, yi.
active, karsani*.
actually, adv. hakika, da yas-
kiya, ko ; the last is emphatic
(=even), e.g. this man a.
surpasses a lion in strength
mutumen nan ya Ji ko zaki
kari/i.
Adansonia digitata (the
baobab or monkey-bread
tree), kuka.
add, tr. v. kdra, jimilla.
adder, puff-a. kasa.
addicted, to be a. to fay 'e, e.g.
the boys are a. to (or fond
of) play yara suna faye yin
wargi.
addition, in a. to bam da, ban
da.
address, to a. to, v. ambata,
ambache.
adduce, tr. v., e.g. to a.
testimony kai (or kawo)
adept, n. gwani, pi. gwanaye
he is an a . at ... shi ne gwani
na... ; also ya saba da...
adhere, to a. to, v. rike, dqfe,
like, lazumche, lazumta, na-
na, nane, the last is used
of things stuck together with
gum etc. ; those who a. to
the commandments of God
adhering
affair
masu-riken hakumtai na
Allah.
adhering, n. nani.
adhesive, adj. mai-yauki.
adieu, inter j. sai wata rana }
a. for the present sai anjima,
a. till to-morrow sai gobe.
adjoin, intr.v. kusata, kusanta,
kusache, yin kusa.
adjure, v., I a. thee by God na
gama ka da Allah.
administer, tr. v. (to give to,
e.g. medicine) ba, bada; to a.
justice or law yin shari'a; to
a. government, cf. mallaka,
hakumla ; an administrator
of law and justice maraban
shari'a da gaskiya.
admit, tr. v. I.I admitted him,
periph. na bar shi shi shiga.
2. to a., e.g. error, guilt etc.,
see confess,
admonish, see warn,
adoption, n. yanchi.
adoptive, a. -father uban rana.
adorn, tr. v. gyarta.
adorned, adj. gyartache, fern.
gyartata, pi. gyartattu.
adornment, n. sha'awa, ado,
the last used of trinkets, etc.,
also of dress.
adulteration, algus, algusu,
tsirariya, tsinariya, ha'inchi.
adulterer, n. kwarto, fern.
kwartuwa, mazinachi, mazi-
nanchi, mai-zina.
adulteress, n. mazinachiya,
mazinanchiya, farka, falka,
fasika.
adultery, n. zina, kwartonchi,
zamba*.
advance, intr. v. yin gdba, to
get in a. of chin gaba, riga,
rigaya, rigayi, e.g. he outran
us ya riga mu.
advantage, n. anfani of no a.
babu anfani.
advantageous, adj. da anfani t
mai-anfani.
adversary, n. makiyi, pi. ma-
kiya, abokin-gaba, mai-kin-ji.
advice, n. dabara, dubara,
dibara (S.), shawara, my a.
is abin da na gani.
advisable, adj. see advan-
tageous.
advise, v. yin dabara.
advocate, n. (helper, defender)
mai-taimako.
afar, adv. nesa, ddga nesa, e.g.
I saw him from a. na hange
shi ddga nesa.
affair, n. abu, abin, pi. abubuwa,
sha'ani, shdgali, e.g. a sad a.
mugun abu, abin mugu ;
avoid deceit and falsehood in.
your affairs a bar (or bari)
tsalumchi da kariya ga abu-
buwanka ; al'amari, e.g. a
wonderful affair aVamaringa ;
the affairs (= the vicissitudes
or changes) of this world
affect
agent
al'amarin duniya; zamanchi,
zama(i.e. condition of affairs),
e.g. how are affairs with you
in the city ? ina zaman gari 1
ans. we have reason to be
thankful for the condition of
affairs zaman gari da godiya.
affect, to sdbe; the heat of
the fire affected her wuta ta
sdbe ta.
affection, see love.
affinity, (by marriage) sur-
kunta.
afflict, tr. v. yin wahala.
afflicted, adj. (one who endures
affliction and toil) mai-wa-
hala, pi. masu-wahala.
affliction, n. wahala, maslba,
matsuwa, see pain.
affright, 1. n. tsoro.
2. tr. v. bada tsoro, tsorata.
afoot, adv. a kafa, da kafa.
afraid, adj. I am a. na tun-
zera, or na firgita ; he made
him a. ya ba shi tsoro ; to
be a. jin tsoro.
afresh, adv., see again.
after, 1. prep, bay a, bay an,
baya ga.
2. adj. na-baya, fern, ta-
baya.
afternoon, n. la'asar, see under
rana.
afterwards, adv. (after this)
bayan wannan, bayan haka.
again, kuma, haryo, har yau,
na sdbo, ddda, dai, de ; the v.
kara (add), e.g. I did not do
so a. ban kara yin haka; a
and a. (i.e. repeatedly) mai-
maiche ; go again ka sake
tajiya.
against, prep, gaba ga, ga ; to
stumble a. tuntube da ; a. his
will (perforce) da tilas.
agate, a brooch of talhatina.
age, n. 1. (period or time) yayi,
e.g. in the a. of the prophet
da yayin annabi.
2. (time that a person
has lived) shekara or pi.
shekaru, e.g. what is your a. 1
shekarunka nawal or shekara
nawa kana da rai ? or shekara
nawa tun hai/uwarka 1 I am
eighteen years of a. shekarata
ishirin biyu babu.
aged, adj. 1. (of a certain age),
see prec. 2.
2. (advanced in years)
tsofo, fem. tsofuwa, pi. tsqffi,
tsofaffi, or tsofqffi ; he is a.
yayinsa ya ivuche, lit. his
time is past ; see old.
agent, n. na'ibi* ; nouns de-
noting the a. may be formed
from verbs, substantives or
adjectives by prefixing mai
or ma, e.g. gudu to run,
mai-gudu a fugitive, sassaka
to smooth wood, masassaki
a carpenter; for further
aggressor
8
alike
illustrations see under mai
and ma.
aggressor, to be an harzuka.
agitate, tr. v., see shake.
ago, adv. tun, tun da, e.g. this
was written twelve days a.
kwana ska biyu tun da wan-
nan an rubuta shi' } long a.
da, lokachin da, tun dadewa,
da wuri, dauri, tuntuni. See
age 2.
agree, v. gama, gamu, yardd,
yarje, yin baki daya, sddu,
jito, jeto, damre magana ;
my friend and I a. exactly
da ni da abokina mu ne
tangos', he agreed with you
ya yarda ma ka; agreed to
yardadde.
agreeable, adj. 1. (pleasant)
da dadi, dadi, daidai, dede.
2. (willing), e.g. if you
are a. in (or idan) ka yarda,
in ka (or kana) so.
agreement, n. sulhu, sulfu,
sulba*, yardi, yarji ; a trade
a. sallama; to make an a., see
agree; a. to work for a
certain sum sharadi.
ague, n., see fever.
ahead, adv. gaba.
aid, tr. v. taya, yin taimako,
tanya, tanyo, koro sauki.
aid, n. taimako, taimakawa,
sauki; (a helper) mai-tai-
mako.
ail, v., e.g. what ails you? mi
ya same ka ?
ailment, n., see sickness.
aim, (point aimed at) bara;
to aim at, yin bara, barata,
barache, bartaka, nuna, nuno.
aimless, a. toil aikin banza.
ainhum, n., i.e. a disease of the
little toe, hambudiga, tnage-
duwa; cf. also kudumbiya
a disease which may affect
all the toes.
air, n. iska, hiska ; shan iska is
the .Hausa idiom for to take
a walk, e.g. let us take a
walk to enjoy the air mu yi
yawo garin shan iska.
air, v. kekashe, see to dry.
ajar, to put a door a. say a kofa.
akimbo, put your arms a. chi
dununka da hannu.
alarm, to yin ruba, see
frighten.
alarm, n. yagatu (K.).
alas, inter j. kaito, (S.) kaicho,
(K.) kaitaro, wai, wai niya,
tir, ashsha.
albino, n. zabiya.
alien, n. bare * ; see also
stranger.
alienate, to a. a person kan-
gara da.
alight, intr. v. sabka, safka,
sapka, sauka, soka, sabki,
sapki, shida, shide, jida.
alike, adj. daidai, suwa-suwa,
alive
although
tangam, tangas, sakke (S.) ;
they are all a. duka daya ne,
suparsu (or sifassu) daya, or
sun yi tang am da juna.
alive, adj. da rai ; to keep a.
ray a, e.g. may God preserve
us a. Allah shi raya mu.
all, adj. duka, duk, dukanta,
jama' a; a. together tarsashi,
tararre, fern, tararra, pi.
tararru ; a. of you dukanku,
tarinku; a. men mutane duka
or dukan mutane ; all (i.e.
total) dokachi', all (i.e. every-
thing) dokachin komi.
Allah, by wallah, wallahi
allay, tr. v.futas da, kwantas da.
allegory, n. misali, michali*,
altnara.
alliance, n. gdya.
alligator, n. kdda, kddo, pi. kd-
dodi, kaduna, or kadunduna.
allow, tr. v. bari, bar, yarda;
e.g. let me depart bar ni in
taji, if you a. we will do so
in ka yarda za mu yi hdka,
a. me ba ni yarji.
alloy, n. ha'inchi ; unalloyed
babu ha'inchi, saji.
allure, tr. v. ruck.
almighty, adj. mai-iko da
kowa, mai-iyawa.
almond, n. chanza*.
almost, adv. kusa; it is a.
finished ya yi kusan kare or
ya kusa karewa.
alms, n. sadaka, zakka, kurdin
gurasa, kono* (K.), alms-
giving, n. sadaka.
aloe, (Aloe zebrina) zabo.
alone,, adv. kadai, kawai, abin
followed by a personal pro-
noun, thus, he a. abinshi,
I a. ni dayana or ni kadai,
leave him a. bar shi dayansa ;
they a. dayansu ; a state of
being a. kadaichi, to be left a.
waiwai.
alongside, daura, dabara, da-
bra, or followed by da as a
prep., e.g. they stood side by
side su tsaya daura da juna.
aloof, to keep a. from nesanchi,
nisanchi.
aloofness, nisanta.
alphabet, n. abajada, letter of
the a. haraji, pi. haruffa,.
\ already, adv. na da, dazu,
wuri, dauri, tun da wuri ; he
is gone a. ya rigaya ya taji.
also, adv. kuwa, kau (S.), kawa
(S.); usually placed after that
which it connects ; haryo*,
har yau.
alter, v. 1. tr. sake, saki, sauya,
musaya.
2. intr. sauya.
altercation, haya-haya, har-
gowa, hayaniya, tankiya.
altered, particip. adj. sauyaye,
fern, sauyayya, pi. sauyayyu.
although, adv. ko, ko da.
altogether
10
annoy
altogether, adv. bdki daya, cf .
fau,fofo*, &\sofaye and^.
always, adv. koyaushe, kul-
yaushe, tutur, tutul, kullum,
da kullum, yini*, chikin ko-
wanne yayi*, judu*, to con-
tinue a. tuturta.
am, v., see be.
Amarantlms (native spinach),
alayafu, zakin banza.
amazed, to be yin mamaki,
jin mamaki, jin damuwa.
amble, n., of a horse tdkama \
a horse which ambles doki
mai-takama.
ambuscade, n., see seq.
ambush, n. kwanto, bdgo,fako,
maraya; to set an a. yin
fako-, to lie in a. Idbe (S.),
robe (K), place of or for an
a. mafaka.
amen, amin*.
amidst, prep, tsdka, tsdkan,
tsdkanin.
amount, large, n. chushe ; see
quantity.
amulet, talili, see charm.
amuse, tr. v. bada (or sa)
murna.
ancestor, n. kdka; ancestors
kakanni.
ancestry, see under ba.
and, conj. da, wa*.
angel, n. mala'ika, pi. malaiku.
anger, n. fushi pronounced
fhushi, haushi, kankanchi,
kuna, takaichi, zauta, zafin
rai, bijira (S.), kumchin zu-
chiya.
angle, n. kusuruwa.
angry, to be, v. yin fushi,
fusata, yin tsiwa ; to be a.
with harzuka ga, hasdla ga,
chichika, yin chichika, takaita,
jin takaichi:, he feels a. yana
jin haushi.
angry, adj. da fushi ; one who
is a. mai-fushi.
anguish, u. azaba, zogi.
angular, mai-kusuruwa.
animal, n. bisd, pi. bwashe or
bisaje, dabba; domestic ani-
mals bisashen gida, wild
animals bisashen daji, abin
daji or naman daji, pi. na-
mun daji.
animosity, n., see hate.
ankle, n. idon kafa, idon sawu
(or sau), pi. ijiyan sawu, or
ijiyar sawu, or ijiyas sawu ;
a. bone dombubu, or dam-
bubu.
announce, tr. v. gaya, fadi,
labarta; to a. as a herald
does the coming of some one
gabato.
annoy, tr. v. dame, ddma,
fUina, hayydta, tayas, wa-
halda, wahalshe, sa wahala,
aVale ; sawarwara, dawai-
niyasda. tozarta, I am not to
be annoyed ba ni damuwa.
annoyance
11
ant-hill
annoyance, n. wahala, sawar-
ivari, takaichi, see anger.
anoint, e.g. with oil or water,
tr. v. shdfa, shdfe, yin shdfa.
anointing, n. shafa.
anon, adv. sai an jima, jima
kadan.
another, pi'on. wani, fern, wata,
pi. wasu or wadansu; often
rendered with kuma, e.g.
wani kuma.
answer, n. amsa, amshe, am-
sawa, jawdbi, karbawa.
answer, v. amsa, yin amsa, to
give an a. kdda bdki, karba
magana ; I answered him na
mayas masa da magana.
ant, n. different species are :
small stinging a. tarmani,
tirmani, kwankwambishi ;
small black a. chinnaka or
chirnaka or tuma da gay a;
driver a. kwalkwasa, kwar-
kwasa; the stink a. gwana,
gwano, geno ; a red travel-
ling a. makwaiwa; harvest-
ing a. tururuwa ] very small
black a. kudafi, kudahi (S.);
a red biting a kumo ; an
a. which feeds on honey sha-
zumami; small red a. kiyashi;
white ants (i.e. termites) zdgo,
fern, gar a, gaira, pi. gdrani,
sansamiya ; the white a. in
the winged stage shinge, gina;
gara is also used of ants
generally ; an a. with a large
abdomen maidauro a gato ; a
reddish biting ant ba-fula-
tana.
ant-bear, see ant-eater.
ant-eater, the great a. or ant-
bear, dapgi, dabgi, dubgi,
daugi.
antelope. The following are
some of the antelopes found
in Hausaland. Senegal or
red-fronted gazelle, barewa,
pi. bareyi; Dorcas gazelle
farin baretva; the roan a.
(Hippotragus equinus) gwan-
ki, gwamki (S.) ; the W.
African hartebeeste kanki,
pi. kanoki; oryx mariri, ma-
rili ; Buffon's red cob a.
mareya ; Addra or red-necked
gazelle tnai-farin gindi ; a
Senegal hartebeeste (Dama-
liscus korrigum) ddri ; the
oribi a. batsiya ; the red-
flanked duiker makurna \ the
' crowned duiker ' gada ; klip-
springer gadar dutsi \ the
water buck (Cobus defassus
unctuosus) gwambaza, gwan-
zama, ambache, dodoka; reed
buck kwantarafi, kaji; bush
buck mazo-, a. leucoryx wal-
waji ; an old solitary a. kishi-
mi ; see also matso, karan-
goda.
ant-hill, n. sum, pi. suwvra,
anticipate
12
apron
sura, jiba, juba ; kunku-
wa.
anticipate, v. tsaitse, e.g. I
anticipated him na tsaitse
shi ; wada*.
anticipation, zdto.
antimony, n. kwalli, tdzali ;
small skin bottle for holding
a. tandun tozali, gidan kwalli ; |
a stick used for applying a.
mashiyi, masayi.
anus, diwa, tsuli, tsuliya, kar-
kashi*, shakira, munta, mu-
riya.
anvil, n. mdkera.
anxiety, n. machiyata, mata- \
mache, mamdbi.
any, adj. kowanne, fern, kowa- \
che, pi. kowadanne.
anyhow, indef. pronl. adv. ko \
kaka.
anyone, indef. pron. kowa, ko- \
wanene, fern, kowa, kowa-
cheche.
anything, indef. pron. komi, \
kom,e\ not a., nothing babu
komi, ba komi.
anywhere, indef. pronl. adv. |
ko'ina.
apart from, adv. banda, barn-
da, dabam dabam.
apartment, n. (room) daki, pi.
dakuna.
apex (of house, etc.), kan daki.
apostatize (from Islam), rin-
da, ridda.
apparatus, n. kaya, pi. kaya-
yeki, or kayaryeki.
appear, intr. v. baydna, bai-
ydna, givadu.
appearance, n.Mma, pi. kdma-
nu, or kamannu (S. ), hala-
mu*, wato*, watau*.
appease, tr. v. lallashi, lillashi,
sdda.
appetite, n.kwadai*, kwadayi*.
apple, Akee a. alele-, balsam
a. garafuni ; wild custard a.
gwandar daji ; hairy thorn a.
zakami', Dead Sea or Sodom
a. tumfafiya.
appoint, tr. v. (to order, used
of God) kadarta; (to select
for an office) zaba, zabe ; ap-
pointed zababbe, fern, za-
babba, pi. zababbu.
apportion, to yinfasali.
approach, intr. v. nache, yin
kilsa, doshi, dosa, see near.
approval, sale on chinikin
shawara.
approve of, v. yardd ; approved
of, adj. yardadde, fern, yar-
dadda, pi. yardaddu, tdba-
tache, fern, tdbatachiya, e.g.
magana tdbatachiya ap-
proved, i.e. true words ; he
approves o. hankali ya kwan-
ta da.
apricot, a tree with fruit like a
wild a., 11. tsada* ; see plum.
apron, n. bante, banche, pi.
Arab
13
arrow
bantuna, kudu ; a woman's
a. darazau.
Arab, n. ba-ture, pi. turawa;
an A. ba-Larabe, pi. Lara-
bawa ; the Arabic language
Arabiyya, larabchi.
arch, (used in building) kafo-
Jin guga (S.), masharuwa* .
arched, an arched roof dam-
ren-guga, dauren-guga, ma-
sha-ruwa*.
are, v. ne, che> ke; phr. there
a. ina, akwai; there a. to
me, i.e. I have sun yi ma ni,
a yi ma ni; there a. many
ina da su dayawa.
argument, jiyeya*, jiyaiyya*.
aright, to direct a. daidaita.
arise, intr. v. falka, tashi, taso,
tsira, tsire, tsiro, or chira,
chire, chiro.
arithmetic, hisabi (S.).
arm, n. 1. (from the wrist to
the elbow) damchi, damtse,
pi. damasa j the forearm gab a \
to hold up at arm's length
ddga; a man with a bent
a. mai-laushi, mai-lauje, mai-
kwarda.
2. arm (i.e. weapon), see
arms,
armhole, n. kamata, pi. ha-
matu, hamatta, hamutta.
armlet, n. gen. kwandage, a.
made of metal karafa; a.
made of natron karau, karo,
pi. karaurawa, ungurnu ; a.
made of plaited grass, worn
by children darambuwa; a.
made of leather and wood
daga.
armour, n. chain or iron a.
sulke, saba; a horseman's a.
kumakumi.
armpit, n. hamata, pi. hamatu,
hamatta, or hamutta.
arms, coll. (weapons, etc.) ma-
kami ; battle a. kayan daga,
kayan yaki.
army, dako (S.); the centre
of an a. uwar yaki.
around, adv. kewaye, gewaye,
prep, kewayen, gewayen.
arouse, tr. v. tada, tashe, tayas,
tayas da, falkad da.
arrange, tr. v. gyara\ to a.
the hair (i.e. to comb or
dress the hair) gyarta, shata,
shache.
arranged, adj. shir iy ay ye, fern.
shiriyayya, pi. sJiiriyayyu ;
gyartache*.
arrangement, (contract) wa-
habi, sharadi.
arrive at, v. isa, iso, sadu.
arrogance, u.foma, homa.
arrogant, n. one who is a. mai-
foma, pi. masu-foma, mai-
homa, pi. masu-homa.
arrow, n. kibiya. pi. kibau,
kulere, gora, pi. gororo, or
gorina; bow and arrows
art
14
assembly
bakan kibiya ; a. head fasa,
pdsa; a. projecting from
quiver zagiya ; barbs on an
a. kdlemu (K.), a quiver
for arrows kwarin kibiya'.,
special names of a. poison
are tumia or tinia, kwankwa-
ni, sainya*, tururubi, uwar
magunguna, womagunguna,
zabgai, zabo, uival dafi, gen.
dafi; e.g. they (the arrows)
are poisoned suna da dafi.
Ingredients for making arrow
poison are obtained from
many different plants. Arrows
are made from the reed-like
plants, e.g. kyamro, kyamru,
kyamare, sheme, gazara, san-
sari ; a. notch gofi.
art, n. gwani.
article, the definite a. -n, see
the ; the indefinite a., see a.
as, adv. kdma, yadda, ydda,
kauda, yet,*, yi* ', a. before
kdma ta da or kdma na da ;
even a. kdmar yadda.
ascend, v. shirga, hawa, hau,
constr. with bfaa or bisa ga ;
e.g. he ascended the hill ya
hau bisa tudu.
asceticism, gudun-duniya,
tsantsani, tsintseni.
Asclepias gigantea, n. tum-
fafiya, pi. tumfaji.
ashamed, to be, intr. v. jin
kumya, jin kunya.
ashes, n. toka, pi. tokuna,
habdi (S.); hot a. rufushi,
rubshi, habdi (S.).
aside, e.g. I turn a. from the
path ina ratsewa daga bisa
hanya ; a bay a, ga bay a*.
ask, v. roka, roko, yin tam-
baya ; one who asks mai-
tatnbaya', to a. of or from
roko, roka.
asking, roko, continued a., n.
kokanto.
ass, n. jaki, fern, jaka, or ja-
kanya, pi. jdkai, or jakuna,
dsuwa' } dan bakuru, matuwa',
large male a. bingi, a cas-
trated ass aguru ; diff. species
have the foil, names ; a. with
red body jimrau ; a. with
black mouth gofo, red a.
aura, reddish brown a. idu-
bar, tawny a. oraki and dan
oraki ; large black a. jaba
white a. mugo, shawu (S.) ;
a spec, of wild a. shiyaki ; a
pad for an ass akumari, le-
feru,pl. leferai; lafero,laheru.
assault, n. (as in war)/a/raafo',
farmaki, firmaki.
assemble, v. gayya, gayyata,
tar a, intr. taru.
assembled, to be taru, par-
ticip. tarare.
assembly, n. gayya, al'umma ;
royal assembly-room fage,
dandali.
assent
15
attention
assent, v. kdda kai, gyada kai ;
assent is very frequently
expr. by kyau as in the phr.
da kyau.
assess, to kimanta, aza ma.
assimilate, they will not a.
ba sn haduwa.
assist, tr. v. taya, tamaya, tai-
maka, taimaki, yin taimako,
yin shalli.
assistance, n. tamayi, taimako,
taimakawa, shalli, sauki ; a.
in war gudummawa ; he
called for a. ya buga gdyya.
assurance, tabbas.
assure, to a. a person of the
reality of anything gaskata
or gaskanta.
assured, to be a. of (to feel
sure) tabbata, tdbatta, tdb-
bache, cf. seq.
assuredly, adv. da gaskiya,
babti shakka, Idbudda, babu
wawa, faufau ; he is a. there
ya tabbata nan ; he is a. a
heathen ko tabbata kafiri ne.
asthma, n. fuka, see breath.
astonished, to be, v. jin da-
muwa, jin mainaki, yin ma-
maki.
astonishment, n. damuwa,
exclamations expressing as-
tonishment haba, gdsara*.
astray, to go bakita (S.).
astringent medicine, n. ma-
gani mai-kama chiki.
astrologer, to act as an
tamrarai.
at, prep, a, e.g. a wuri chan at
that place ; often prefixed to
gare, chikin and bisa ; ga
(gare with pronouns), e.g. ga
gida at home ; daga, e.g. shi
ne ddga nan he is at that spot,
i.e. he is there ; gun*, e.g.
gun chan = a wuri chan.
atmosphere, n. duniya.
attack, n. farmaki, falmaki^
firmaki ; a feint or pretended
a. zanzoma.
attack, to girsa, girshe, mama,
mami.
attain, to a. to same, samu, kai.
attempt, v. t/in kokari, tdga.
attempt, n. kokari.
attend, to a. to (to look care-
fully into) Iwra ; to listen to
ji, saurara, dadddra ; see
attention (2).
attendant, n., an a. on one sick
majinyata the attendants
of a king fadawa.
; attention, 1. n. (serious
thought) hankula, hankali ;
ruwa, e.g. it is no matter worth
my a. ba or babu rutvana.
2. to pay a. to tuna,
constr. with da, maida him-
ma ; to give a. to what is
said ji, saiirara ; give a. with
your ears (incline your ears
to) ka kakartsa kunnuiva.
attentively
16
back
attentively, to look at a. tso-
kachi.
attest, v. shaida, yin shaida,
kai shaida.
attested, particip. adj. shai-
dadde, fern, shaidadda, pi.
shaidaddu.
auction, gwanjo*.
auger-beetle, gunda, gumda.
augment, tr. and intr. v. ddda.
aunt, 11. gwaggwo, a. on the
mother's side rafaniya.
authority, n. iko, pi. ikoki, ikon-
taka, alfarma*, a person in a.
mahakumchi, mahukumchi.
avarice, n. zargi, zalimi, za-
lumi, rowa, rotvwa, mada,
madda.
avaricious, adj. mairowa, da
mdda.
avaricious, to be yin zalumchi.
avenge, tr. v. rdma, sdka.
avenger, mai-rama.
average (adj .), tsdka-tsdka,
madaidaichi, pi. madaidaita.
avoid, v. kalmasa, kalmashe,
baudi, waske, zdge, cf. a thing
to be avoided abokin kiyeye.
avoidance, i.e. of a missile, etc.
gochiya, guchiya, waskiya.
await, to wait for one jira,
jirache, jinkirta.
awake, intr. v. farka, falka
awaking falkawa; a start
or exclamation on awaking
Jtrgigi *.
awaken, to tasad da,falkad da.
away, to get a. (escape) fahi,
fiche.
away, adv. phr. a. with him
yi da shi.
awkward, shallali.
axe, n. gatari ; a. for cutting-
stones dundurusu; a. for
cutting grass gizago, gisago
a. with broad blade baran-
dami, tsitaka ; battle a. ga-
fiya, gita (K.), walwada, war-
wada ; the point of an a.
head which projects through
the handle suga (S.).
axe-handle, n. bota (K.), kota.
babbling, n. rawatsa.
baboon, n. bika, pi. bikoka,
gogo, yimki (K.).
baby, n. jarlri, jarili, yarili,
jinjiri.
bachelor, n. gwabro, gwauro,
gaurOj gwamro, balaguro* ;
namiji da shara, lit. one who
has to sweep his own dwell-
ing.
back, n. bay a, janfi*, hence
badajanfi to put to flight ; to
turn the b. bada bay a phr. on
the b. rigingine, on the b.
of reran; to be hollow backed
gantsarwa.
back, e.g. to come b. komo ; to
go b. koma ; to move b., intr.
v. gusa, gulgusa, gurgusa.
backbite
backbite, tr. v. chim baya.
backbiting, tsegumi, tsogumi.
backbone, n. teatso, tsotso, Ya-
shin tsatso.
backward, adv. (on the back)
rigingine.
backwards, adv. baibai, e.g.
they walked b. su ka tafi
baibai.
bad, adj. mugu, fern, mugunya,
pi. miydgu; mamuna, mum-
muna*; used of corn tsadari ;
b. man dan duniya; the expr.
fariko bahioften =good or bad.
bad, to go b. ruba, riba, as
meat or fruit; to render b.,
to spoil rubachi.
badger, n. tokos.
badness, n. muyunta.
baft, grey b. akoko\ see cloth,
bag, n., a small b. aljifi,
aljifu, pi. oljifoye or aljifai;
b. made of grass with
narrow opening ashasha; b.
for cowries birgami, burgami,
burgame (S.); woman's b.
made of grass burma, burima;
small b. for carrying salt
chukurfa-, b. of feminine
luggage fago* or pago* ;
leathern b. for camels, etc.
ffurara; large skin b. for
cowries jikka, pi. jikkuna, or
jikkoki, kyankyandi ; b. hold-
ing 20,000 cowries kwaroro ',
very small b. rarita, lalita*
R. H. D.
17
bakemeat
long, narrow salt-b. lange a
leathern pouch used by
barbers etc. zabira skin b.
or bottle salka, pi. salkuna :
small leathern or grass b.
sarita; large b. for holding
rice subolo, soulo a small
leathern b. kumaro, komaro,
tdnwara(K.)- a large leathern
b. mala, pi. malalaki a b.
made from tukuruwa leaves
tadali leathern narrow-
mouthed b. sulkumi (S.), sur-
kumi (K.); large skin b.
taiki, pi. taika, tayukka, or
taikuna, buhu (Z.) small
goat-skin water-b. tandawa-
ra; small provision-b. tan-
wara ; leathern bag closed by
two strings pulled in op-
posite directions alagivami-,
a money-b. made of skin or
cloth tsaleta, salita.
ba ggage, n. kaya, pi. kayayeki;
see goods,
bail, see surety,
bake, tr. v. tuya, toya, gasa,
the latter also spec, used of
baking bread, e.g. ya gasa
gurasa; baked (i.e. fully
baked = the Engl. colloquial
'done') ninanne (S.), nu-
nanne (K.), pi. nenannu or
nunannu-, (cooked) toyayye,
tuyayye.
bakemeat, tuya, pi. toye-toye.
2
balance
18
bargain
balance, n. a pair of scales
maauna, maauni, mazani,
mizani ; abin awo.
balance, v., to b. a load on the
head digirgire.
Balanites aegyptiaca, n. |
aduwa.
bald, adj. mai-kora, mai-saiko,
mai-sanko, mai-kwambe.
baldness, n. kora, saiko (S.),
sanko (K.), kundumi, kun-
dimi, kundumin kai ; cf . prec.
bale, of goods fuguma, hu-
guma] see load.
ball, n. makodi*, kwdlo, tmd-
mule; a small b. dan kodi;
b. or brick made of mud
tubali ; b. of the eye kwayan
ido ; (bullet) harsa, harsashi ;
to roll into a b. dunkula,
kudundune.
ballad, n. waka.
bamboo, a sort of, n. gora,
kwangi*.
banana, n. the b. tree, or fruit
ayaba.
band, n. 1 . (company or gather-
ing) taro or taru, pi. tarori.
2. (strip for binding) cf.
seq., a leathern band worn
round the neck goli (S.).
bandage of any kind, n. ra-
wani, pi. rawunna.
bandit, 11. mai-fashe, pi. masu-
fashe.
bandy-legged, adj. gwami,
mai-gwami, chassa (K.), tar-
koshi (S.).
bang, an exclamation pom, pam.
bangle, for wrist kdrau, kdr-
kdrau, munduwa, manduwa,
pi. mundaye, mandaye.
bank, n. (-edge or margin)
bdki, gdba, gachi ', b. of a
river gefe, bdkin ruwa, gachi,
gdba, refe.
banner, n., see flag.
baobab (Adansonia digitata),
n. kuka, pi. kukoki; fruit of
the b. tree kwame (S.).
bar, n. (a rod or stick of wood,
iron, etc.) sanda, pi. sanduna;
a b. of iron sanda ta karife ;
b. used to close a doorway
gagara-bado.
barbarians, n. 1. (of men in a
rude, uncivilised state) baibai,
baibaya, baibayi, or baubawa
(S.).
2. (cruel) da muni.
barbarity, n. (cruelty) muni.
barbarous, see barbarians.
barber, n. wanzami, pi. wan-
zamu, wanzamai] a hair-
dresser is mai-kitso.
barbs, on an arrow kalemu (K.),
kun-nuwan kibiya.
bare, see naked.
bareness, n. wofi.
bargain, n. (bargaining) chini-
ki, tayi ; a discussion before
making a b. alwdshi ; the
bargain
19
basket
conclusion of a b. yardaje-
niya', to haggle over a b. yin
chiniki ; to make an offer in
bargaining, see seq. ; a b.
(cheap) da araha, da arha ;
into the b. ( besides, as well)
banda wannan.
bargain, v. tdya, tayi, yin
tayi, yin chiniki.
bark, n. (of a tree) fata, pdta,
bawon itache.
bark, tr. v. (to strip off b.)
kware, kwari.
bark, intr. v. (of dogs, etc.)
yin hqfshi, yin hapshi, yin
habshi, yin haushi, yage.
barking, n. (of dogs, etc.)
hafshi, habshi, haushi.
barley, n. sha'air.
barn, n. rumbu, rafoniya,
rufogo.
barrel of a gun, n. baki-, a
double-barrelled gun bindiga
mai-baki biyu.
barren, adj. (used of the female
sex) karara, bakarariya, ma-
tauriya ; (used of a sheep or
goat which has not had young)
kazgainya; a b., or fallow,
field sabra, sabara, saura,
tsandauri.
barrenness, n. (of woman,
etc.) tauriya, rashin haifuwa.
barricade, n. kdgara, kega-
ruwa, pi. kdgaru, gagara-
bado.
barrier, n. kdfi.
barter, 11. chiniki, sdrqfi, tdyi,
furfure, sdrafa, rangama.
barter, to sdrafa, yin chiniki,
tdya, yin tdyi; see bargain.
base, adj. (of low worth) banza.
base, 11. 1. (lowest part or
bottom of anything) kalkashi,
karkashi.
2. (= support or founda-
tion of anything) gutsu, or
guzu*, which is used physi-
cally and also figuratively;
gindi, tushe.
bashful, adj., see seq.
bashfulness, n. kumya or
kunya; to feel bashful jin
kumya, e.g. \vhen asking you
for this, I felt bashful da na
roke ka wannan na ji kumya.
basil, wild b. daidoya (K.),
dodoya (S.).
basin, n. kwachiya, gwangwan,
a metal b. ddro.
basket, n., a large b. for salt
etc. adila or adilak kaya;
large b. or pannier made of
grass gufa, gufata, kantalma;
a b. made of palm fibre lefe ;
a small grass b. used in mak-
ing bread marari-, a large
grass b. sanfo or samfo, pi.
sanfuna ; kwando ; a b. used
as a strainer kindi, pi. kin-
dodi, marari; a small b.
used by women kwatashi,
22
bastard
20
bead
taskira, tazkira ; a b. used in
fishing suru' } a b. full of
corn totsiya. See under bag.
bastard, adj. sliege, fern, skegi-
ya, pi. shegu, dan farka, dan
nema.
bat, n. tattapara, birbiri, rugi,
tsabilbila, yabirbira, kanen
jemage a large-sized fruit
b. jemage.
bathe, to kurma, kuruma.
bathing, kurme.
battle, n. fama, fada, gdba,
yaki, the latter is also the
proper word for war, q.v.; b.-
field ddga.
battle, to draw up in line of
b. ja ddga.
battlefield, n. kanganfada.
bawl, n. yin kuka, yin ufu.
bdellium, African b. dashi.
be, v. 1. ne with masc. subject,
die with fern, subj., ke with
either ; they may follow the
subj. but are often found at
the end of their clause ; e.g.
he is truthful shi mutum
mai-gaskiya ne ; she is very
beautiful ita kyakkyawa che
both of them are old su biyu
tsqfi su ke ; the above chiefly
express the simple copula,
but see below (3).
2. kashi, kashe, kasanche,
used where emphasis is laid
on the fact or continuance
of existence; they are fre-
quently used in written, but
seldom in colloquial Hausa.
3. akwai (sometimes pro-
nounced akwoi), implying
real existence, there is, there
are, there was, there were,
e.g. are there elephants in
this town? akwai giwaye a
garinga? ans. there are ak-
wai : ke is often found with
nan in this sense, e.g. there
was a certain jerboa wani
kurege ke nan akwai wani
kurege.
4. na (masc.), ta (fern.),
are sometimes used in place
of the substantive verb, e.g.
the men are doing so mutane
na yin hdka, the horses are
running away dawaki na
gudu for this use of na see
H. Diet. I. p. 273.
bead, n., beads chasbi, chasba-
ha ; a large white b. in a set
of black aldma, pi. alamomi ;
round blue b. galan kumburi\
a large white seed used as a
b. gimba, pi. gimbai ; a large
(Phoenician) b. dilari; a
small red b. rigigi ; a red
coral b. bajumba ; a blue
cylindrical b. worn by women
samfalwa; red beads dimbitjin
zufa, dumbaji, jinin kajiri ;
beads made from black seeds
bead-tree
kantururuwa ; necklace o
beads kutofi; beads worn roun
the neck by women tagode
string of beads worn rounc
loins kwatana pearls or rec
beads murjan^murjani; larg
red b. murjanin tudu, rigig
(S. ), rikiki ; prayer beads tasbi
pi. tasbai; a woman's girdle
of beads kwatana, tsdkuwa.
bead-tree, kurnan nasara.
beak, n. koto, bakin tsuntsuwa
gebe *.
beam, n., b. above door alma-
ndni ; a cross b. kuba ; b. or
post stuck in the ground to
support a roof dirka, jigo, pi.
jiguna; b. for pumping water
jigo, kutdra.
beam, of light giraza, girazal
rana.
bean, n. wake, pi. wakoki or
wakaikai; red edible b.
tsarariya, tsurariya (K.),
kwama (S.) ; small b. komo
mahogany b. kawo ; sword b.
barankachi', yam b. girigiri;
beans ground up and cooked
in water tubdni, tabdni, tu-
buni a species of large b. zako.
bear, 1. (to carry) kai, shide,
constr. with da.
2. (to produce their kind,
of animals, trees, plants, etc.)
haifa, haife ; to b. in the ear
as corn goyo.
21
beaten
3. (to endure) jimri, (to b.
with one) jimrache.
beard, n. geme (S.); gemu (K.),
pi. gema, or gyamma (S.),
gyammai (K.) ; b. of goat
rairo, rero.
bearded, a b. man mai-geme,
pi. masu-geme.
beardless, adj. shagiri, pi.
shagirai.
beast, n. bisa, pi. bisashe or
bzsaje, ddbba, ddbbo, pi. dab-
buna or dabbobi; wild b.
nawem daji, firdi* ; wild
beasts bisashen daji, namun
daji.
beat, tr. v. 1. buga, doke, duka,
dirka, the last is sometimes
written tsirka, bada kdshi.
2. to b. down, as earth etc.
taka, taki, tsaga, tsatstsaga,
ddbe.
3. to b. or tread grain
ddka, intensive form dad-
daka, swaba (S.), surfe, taki,
tingama.
4. to b. a drum yin wargi;
see drum.
5. to b. in war, intr. yin
nasara, trans, chi.
6. to b. in a game chi, e.g.
na chi ka I have beaten
you.
beaten, part. adj. in sense of
prec. 3. takakke, fern, takakka,
pi. takakku.
beating
22
beetle
beating, n. 1. tsirka, dirka ; see
beat
2. kdshi, (a defeat in war)
artai.
3. b. of wings tdji (K.),
tabi (S.).
beautiful, adj. cfo %aw>, kyau,
mai-kyau, kyaukyawa, kekya-
wa, kyakkyawa.
beauty, n. 1. of persons and
things kyawo or kyau.
2. of dress ornaments etc.
ado, armashi.
because, conj. don, chewa*,
domin chewa*, gama, zama
(S. ) ; chewa and domin chewa
are used in written, but not
in colloquial Hausa.
because of, prep, domin, don,
sdbada or sabad da, sdboda*,
sdbo (K.), gdma, sabili da,
zama (S.); b. of me domina,
b. of him dominsa.
beckon, v., to b. with the head
(in token of assent) gyada
kai ', to b. or shake the head
(in token of denial) kdda kai ;
to b. with the hand yafuche,
yajuto.
beckoning, (with the hand)
yafuchi.
become, intr. v. (to come to
be) zama, zam (S.), samma*,
kawa*, sawoya.
become, intr. v. (to befit, to
be proper) kdmata, kdmache.
becoming, adj. (lawful, cere-
monially right) halal, halas
or halata, daidai ; it is b. ya
yi daidai.
bed, n. gddo, pi. gddaje or
gddashi, karaga* ; to go to
b., v. kwanta; a b. of mud
dakali, tugufa; space under a
b. in which a fire can be put
tsariya, tsdri.
bed-clothes, coll. n. mayafi.
bee, n. kudan zuma or kudan
zummuwa, pi. kudashenzuma;
the mosquito b. or stingless b.
gala, galla, rakuwa ; young of
b. gudajen zummuwa', small
bees sofofuwa; ground bees
ganya.
bee-eater, (bird) tsuntsun ha-
yaki, tsiriyar kogi.
beef, n. naman sa, naman shanu.
beehive, n. ainya, amya (K.),
hamya, butumi, pi. butuma,
burtumi (S.), gidan zum-
muwa.
beeswax, n. dankon zummuwa,
kakin zummuwa.
beetle, n., spec, large, black,
long-legged b. gurgunguma,
kurgunguma, burgunguma,
sari-, the 'plush b.'or 'velvet
mite ' karamuski or mulufi* ;
burying b. or dung b. buzuzu',
click b. makeri blister b. han-
gara ; auger b. or wood borer
kichichiya, gunda ; longicorn
befall
23
behind
b. or leaf-cutting b. mage-
dutca; tiger b. (larva) Jurau ;
water b. kumbudiya (S.),
kumbudewa (K.).
befall, intr. v. samu, same, sama,
sami; it befell him ya sameshi.
befit, intr. v. kdmata, kdmache.
before, adv. of time dafari, tu-
kun or tukuna, na da, kaman
na da or kamandd, wuri, da
wuri or dauri, dazu ; in former
time lokachin da; see ever.
before, conjunctive adv. gdba,
kafin, b. that kani*, kamin,
kana, kan da, kan*, e.g. finish
this b. (that) you do that
kare wannan kana ka yi
wanchan ; tun and tun da
are employed with negative
clauses, e.g. b. (that) he died
he composed a book tun ba
ya mutu ba ya yi wani
litafi ; to go b. gabdta, ga-
bdche, rigaya, he was at the
farm b. her ya riga ta gona.
befriend, tr. v., see assist.
beg, v. 1. (to entreat, suppli-
cate) roka, yin roko, biko.
2. (to ask a thing of, as
alms) bdra, yin bdra, roko ; I '
b. pardon gafara ma ni (or
mini) ; to b. for help zukatta*.
beget, tr. v. (of the male) haife,
yin da.
beggar, n. mai-bdra, mai-roko,
marok*, fern, marokiya, al-
majiri, fern, almajira, pi.
almajirai, maddha, mauro,
gardi* ; spec, an idle b.
mai-kasala, a b. on the road
masarchi, a b. who sings a
great man's praises ma'aba,
one who lives by begging
food mai-kwaraka.
beggar, to wander alone as a
b., intr. v. kasala*.
begging, n. marokachi, roko.
begin, v. Jura, yin fdra, dora,
soma (K.); to b. work kdma
aiki, far-ma* ; it cannot be
begun ba ski somuwa.
beginner, a (i.e. learner) bami.
beginning, participial n. fara-
wa, farko, ta-farko, somi,
masomi, mafdri; from the
b. of the world ddga mafarin
duniya.
beguile, tr. v. rude ; see de-
ceive.
behave, intr. v. (to turn out,
prove) zama, e.g. na zarna da
Hankali I shall b. wisely ;
maida*.
behaviour, n. (character, con-
duct) liali.
behead, tr. v. yanke, debe kai.
behind, adv. baya, a baya,
ddga baya; that which is b.
abin baya.
behind, prep, baya, baya ga,
with suff. prons. gare, e.g. b.
them baya gare su.
behold
24
bend
behold, v. duba, dubo, gani,
tsokachi, yin katto, exclam.
phr. b. duba! b. him or it
ga shi! b. her or it ga ta !
behove, to kdmache, kamata.
belabour, tr. v. buga; see beat,
belated, to be, i.e. to be late in
arriving yin yauchin zakuwa,
makara.
belch, intr. v. gyatsa, gyasa,
gyashi (S.).
belief, n. 1. (creed) addini,
imanchi.
2. (credence) ban gaskiya.
believe, v., to b. a fact gaskata,
gaskanta, to b. a person bada
gaskiya, yin gaskiya constr.
with prep, ga; to b. in, esp. to
b. in God, kasada ; I do not
b. it ban karba ba.
believed in, particip. adj. yar-
dadde, fern, yardadda, pi.
yardaddu.
believer, n. mumini, fern, mu-
mina, pi. muminnai.
bell, n., small b. attached to
horse gwarje, gwalje, gurje ;
small bells on horses' heads
chikasaura, chikasabra, cha-
kasabra, chikasaura ; bells
attached to goats etc. kdrau-
rauiua or kararawa.
bellow, intr. v. ruri, yin bu.
bellowing, n. bu.
bellows, n. mafuri, mafurin
wuta, zigazigai, zugazugi ; a
man who blows b. mazigi ;
the stick of the b. maziga.
belly, n. kundu lower part of
b. mdra, chlki.
belong, intr. v. 1. (to be the
property of) na, fern, ta with
the forms of the v. to be, e.g.
this book belongs to Hassan
litafin nan na Hasan ne, the
horses b. to the king dawaki
na sariki ne, that stick be-
longs to this man sanda chan
ta mutumennan che, it belongs
to me nawa ne or ni ke da shi.
2. (to be native of) e.g.
he belongs to Kano shi dan
Kano ne.
belongings, n. (property) du-
kiya, and in a still more
general sense abubuwa.
beloved, n. masoyi, fern, ma-
soya, pi. masoyu, lele or na-
lele*; a thing b. abin kamna.
below, 1. adv. a kasa, a kas,
2. prep, kalkashin (S.),
karkashin (K.).
belt, n. abin damre, madamre,
damara, pi. damdru ; b. for
sword hamila, see girdle.
bench, n. kujera, kushera, pi.
kujeru.
bend, tr. v. kalmdsa, kalmisa
(S.), kalmashe, karkdta, gusda,
kantara, sunkwiyad da, tan-
kosa, tankwasa, tankware,
bending
jirya, lauya; spec, to b. the
head kdda kai, kankanda kai,
sadakai, karkdtd or kakartsa*
with or without kunne (ear) :
to b. down (the ear) in order
to attend to what is said;
intr. dukad da, jirge, kan-
tare, lankwashe, lankwasa,
sunkwiya, duka ; see bent.
bending, n. dukawa, laudi.
beneath, adv. and prep., see
below.
beneficial, adj., see seq.
benefit, n. anfdni ; of b. (bene-
ficial) da anfdni, mai-anfdni.
benefit, (confer a b. upon)
anfdna.
benevolence, n. (an act of b.)
kyauta, abin kyauta, alheri.
benign, see kind.
beniseed, rif/i, lidi.
bent, adj. gangare or gangara,
pi. gangaru b. or tottering,
as of a wall, karkache, fern.
karkata, pi. karkatu ; a b. tree
kwandariya, kondariya * ; a
man with a b. arm mai-
laushi, maikwarda, with a
b. leg gwami, old man with
b. back takoko ; it cannot be
b. ba ski tankwasawa.
bent, to be yin gangare, kar-
kache.
Benue, the river, pr. n. Tsdda,
or ruwan Tsdda.
benumbed, to be, intr. v.
25 better
kage* or kaga* my foot is
b. dela ya kama kafata.
bequeath, to wasiche*.
bereavement, n. kewa, kiwa.
bereft (devoid of) in phrases
like b. of sense maras, rashi,
e.g. maras-hankali, b. of
shame maras-kumya, b. of
strength rashin karifi ; see
under rasa.
beseech, v., see ask.
beseem, v., see befit.
beside, prep, (at the side of)
wajen, a wajen ; in a looser
sense, kusa ga, tare da.
besides, prep, bamda, ban da,
baya, bayan, baya ga.
besprinkle, buta, ydfa, yafa
best, adj. this can only be
expr. by the phr. ya fi duka,
mafi duka, or ya fi kowa ;
this is the b. of these
wannan mafifichi dag a wa-
dannan ; this is the heaviest
wannan ya fi duka nauyi;
he is doing his b. yana da
jimri ; cf. Hausa Gr. p. 75.
betray, tr. v. (to deliver up
treacherously) bashe ; to b.
confidence chin amana, or
chinye amana; to b. one
another bada juna.
betroth, tr. v. rike, rika, riki.
betrothal, riko.
better, adj. 1. gen. dama,
between
26
big
gwama, gwamma, e.g. it were
b. ya yi dama\ (superior)
mafifichi foil, by daga, e.g.
this is better than that wan-
nan mafifichi ddga wanchan,
or wannan ya dadi wanchan;
fi, e.g. it is b. so yafi; gara,
gaira, guma, gwamma, e.g. it
is b. gara, it is b. so gara
hdka, or gwamma hdka, it is
b. for me to stop ni gara in
tsaya, rather than I should
do this it would be b. to die
da na yi ivannan gara in
mutu.
2. a b. state of health is
expr. by means of dama,
afuwa, rangivame, e.g. to
feel b. jin dama, jin ran-
gwame, to get b. samu dama,
also by wartsaka, b. to-day
than yesterday gwamma yau
da jiya, see Hausa Gr.
p. 75.
between, 1. adv. tsdka.
2. prep, tsdkan, tsdkanin.
3. n. (a space), b. tsdkani.
bewail, v. 1. intr. yin kuka.
2. tr. expr. by 1. with
preps, given under on ac-
count of.
bewailing, 1. particip. n. (the
act of b.) kukawa.
2. concr. (wail) kuka.
beware of, v ; yin hankali,
tuna, constr. with prep, da,
e.g. b. of that log lest you
fall over it ka tuna da ichen
nan kdda kafadi bisa.
bewilder, tr. v. dame.
bewildered, to be, intr. damn,
jin damuiva, rude.
bewilderment, n. damuwa.
beyond, 1. adv. of place bay a,
gaba; (further on, at a
distance) nesa, da, or ddga
or na nesa, e.g. that which
lies b. abin baya.
2. prep, baya, bay an, ke-
taren.
3. fig. (surpassing) Jaskare,
fi, e.g. it is b. me ya faskare
ni or ya fi ni, b. the power
of man ya fi mutum or ya
fi karfin mutum.
beyond, to go, v., e.g. he went
b. sea ya ketare gulbi.
biceps, kwanduwan hannu.
bid, n., a b. tayi.
bid, v. 1. (to command) ha-
kumche, hakumta.
2. (to offer a price for)
taya, tayi, yin tayi.
bier, mdkarai.
bifurcate (of a path), birkichi,
birkita.
big, adj. 1. (of size) babba, pi.
many a, ruku-ruku* ; also fig.
(important), e.g. a b. man
babban mutum or mutum
babba, a b. thing ridimin abu ;
to grow b. gawurta, gawusta,
bile
27
bird
the boy has grown b. yaro ya
gawurta ; full-grown gawur-
tache, pi. gawurtattu.
2. (pregnant) da chiki,
karambiki.
3. (pompous, arrogant) da
girman kai, mai-homa, pi.
masu-homa.
bile, n. machiwa (S.).
bill, n. 1. (account) lisafi or
lesafi.
2. (beak, q.v.) koto.
, tr. v. 1. damre, daure,
damra, darme, tanka, tanke,
lamyache (K. ), sarkafe ; spec, j
to b. fast tsuke ; to b. grass
with cords so as to form roof
yamche or yamchi.
)inding, particip. n. sarkafewa \
boards or stiff covers for b. ;
books bango, tadarishi ; b. of |
corn bambu.
)ird, n. tsuntsu, zunzu*, fern.
tsuntsuwa, zunzuwa*, pi.
tsuntsaye, zunzaye*. The fol-
lowing are some of the com-
monest birds in Hausaland :
bishop-bird, dala, muhift
bustard, the lesser b. kadab-
kara, kadafkara, katakara,
sokara * ; the greater b. tuje ;
crow shimkake, a white-
backed c. hankaka, pi. han-
kaki or hankaku ; crane,
crested c. gauraka, goraka,
garmaka, yamraka, kurki* ;
cuckoo (lark-heel c. or crow
pheasant) ragon maza ; dove
kurckiya, garda, bardo, haz-
biya, wala ; eagle gaggafa ;
egret (great white e. or heron)
zarbi, zalbi ; little e. balbela,
badbila, bilbila ; finch chi-
goro, sisita, shaida, baiivar
Allah, zalaidu ; honey-guide
gunda, maganiya ; hoopoe
chigi da tuku, katu tu j horn-
bill burtu, bultu, chilikowa,
ka-ki-ganin- Allah] ibis (Afri-
can wood i. ) tsagagi, jinjimi ;
Hadadah ibis rara; partridge
(or francolin) fakara (K.),
makeruwa (S.) ; pigeon tanta-
bara,tandabara; plover%are-
kyare, zakaran yaki, zakaran
assuba, dan raguwa ; black-
headed p. or crocodile bird
ladin kogi ; roller or blue jay
chanwaka, tsanwaka ; starling
dokin buntu ; glossy s. or
grakle tsakwaikwaiwa \ stilt
taka bado ; stork shamo, sha-
muwa, kasheri, mai-jika, bo-
rintumke, babba da jikka,
tsagagi, juhurma ; sun-bird
sha kauchi ; swallow (a
species of s.) isaitsewa, mashi-
rari ; weaver b. jira, kdbare.
The following have not yet
been identified : a small white
diving b. benema ; a large
carnivorous b. duki\ a yellow*
bird lime
blade
breasted b. gado ; a species of
sparrow gora ; a small b. with
red plumage which feeds on
guinea-corn marai; a small
singing b. wali, waliya; a
long-beaked water b. sulbi ;
see also banupiya, buwa,
kajarini, kilabtu.
bird lime, n. dankon tsunt-
suwa.
bird's-eye, idon zakara.
birth, n. 1. (coming into life)
haifuwa ; since your b. tun
haifuwarka = since you were
born.
2. (the act of bringing
forth) haifuwa, jeyo.
3. an untimely b. ba-
kwaini, barin chiki.
birth, to give b. to, tr. v. haifa,
haife, yinjego.
birth, a woman about to give
b. to a child karambiki.
birthday, n. rana ta haifuwa,
ranan haifuwa.
birthplace, n. mahaifa*, phr.
wurin da aka haifa.
biscuits, akara*.
bishop-bird, or cardinal-
bird, dala, mulufi.
bit, n. 1. (of a horse) lizami,
linzami, lizzami (S. ) ; the strap
tied to a b., n. kamazuru.
2. (small piece, fragment)
gutsura, pi. gutsatsari.
bitch, n. kdriya.
bite, n. chizo; b., e.g. of a
scorpion ddni ; b. of a snake
sari.
bite, tr. v. chizo, yin chizo,
chije (followed by pron. obj.);
of snakes etc. (to sting) sara,
tdba, halbi, tdma (S.) ; to b.
off gatsa, zabta ; to b. at
gurgura; to seize with the
teeth tasamina, tasoma (S.).
bitter, adj. da divachi, da dachi,
yainama, yanyanna, da yami,
madachi ; to make b. or to be
b. tsamama.
bitterness, n. dwachi, dachi.
bivouac, on a field of battle
kwananddga.
black, adj. bdki, fern, bdka, pi.
babbaku ; very b. bdki kirin (or
kerin), baki wur ; a b. horse
akawali, kiyara, chichiro.
blacken, intr. v. (to become or
turn b.) zama bdki, sauya
bdki, babake * ; tr. (to make
black) babaki*.
blackish, bdki-bdki.
blackness, bakintaka.
blacksmith, n. mai-kira, ma-
ker i, fern, makeriya, pi. ma-
kera ; the fern. = a black-
smith's wife.
bladder, n. mafitsara, jika*.
blade, n. 1. (of corn etc.)
kdra, pi. karare, tofo, fofo,
zangare, zangarniya.
2. (of knife) karifen wuka.
rtame
29
blister
3. (broken b. of sword) ku-
duru*.
blame, n. 1. (finding fault, re-
proof) foro, tsawa, harasa,
rarauka (K.), zarye.
2. (fault, guilt) laifi.
blame, tr. v. 1. (to reprove,
check) yin tsawa.
2. (to impute guilt) bada
laifi.
Blameless, adj. maras-laifi,
babu laifi.
blanket, n. bargo, burgo, luru,
kuntu*, kuntukuru*.
blaspheme, v. yin alfasha, yin
swabon Allah.
)lasphemy , n. alfasha magana,
ma'asi *.
bleaching, chalk used for, n.
alii.
oleat, intr. v. kdra and gen.
yin kuka, yin bu.
bleating, n. bu, kdra.
bleed, v. intr. tsaga or phr. zubda
jini tr.Jitajini or Jidda jini,
constr. with prep. ma.
bleeding, particip. adj., see
bloody.
bleeding sickness, n. tsagiya-,
b. from nose hdbo.
blemish, n. 1. material or
physical b. aibi, aibu, pi. aibo-
bi, aibu, Idhani; e.g. a b. in the
eye Idhani ga ido ; b. , e.g. aspot
of different colour in cloth
etc. sofdne, sofdni, surfani.
2. moral b. aibu.
bless, v. barka, albarka used
with yi or wa, e.g. he blessed
ya wa albarka ; albarkata,
kyautaye.
blessing, n. albarka, salati*.
blight, e.g. on corn domana,
mando.
blighted, adj. applied to corn
kupturu, kuturu (S.), see
birtuntuna.
blind, adj. makafo, pi. makafi;
a b. person makafo, fern.
makafuwa (S.), makauniya
(K.), pi. makafi; makabta
(S.), makanta (K.).
blind, tr. v., to make b. ma-
kamta ; intr. to become b.
makafche, makamche, ma-
kanche.
blindness, n. makamta, ma-
kanta, makopchi, makabche,
makabchi.
blink, intr. v. rutntse, rumtsi,
runtsa (S.).
| blinkers, leathern b. for a horse
furtali.
blinking, n. kifil kifil.
bliss, n. ni'ima*.
blister, n. 1. i.e. something
to cause blistering farsa.
2. of the skin sali, swali,
swale, bororo.
blister, v. 1. tr.farcha.
2. intr. (to be blistered)
yin sali.
block
30
blunder
block, e.g. of salt or potash
baura (S.) ; b. of wood fir de.
blood, n.jini ; b. lettmgjiniya,
jirfa, jarfa, majinachiya.
blood-feud, tarna.
bloody, adj. (bleeding or blood-
stained) dajini ; his face was
all b. fuskassa duka sai jini.
blossom, n.fure, pi. furori or
fur aye.
blot, n., e.g. of ink dole, dan-
gwale ; to make a b. dardasa.
blot out, v. yin maimai, sha-
shafe.
blow, n. gen. buga, kadi, rotse,
roche; a b. esp. in boxing
dambe, tika, a b. in fighting
fdda, pi. fddodi, a b. with
hand mari, pi. marumari, or
maremare, bugu, bugo, a hard
b. causing wound or swelling
rotsi, rochi (S.), pi. ratsa, a b.
in punishment fig. sanda, pi.
sanduna. To strike or give
blow or blows, v. gen. buga,
in tens, bubbuga or bugabuya]
mari or mare with intens.
participial n. marmarawa ;
rochi, rotsa,wulakanta, tsam-
ki, daka with intens. forms
daddaka and dandaka ; a b.
with clenched fist dundu,
naushi, I gave him a b. that
left its mark na yi ma sa
rotsi, the sound of a b. ku-
mus (S.).
blow, v. 1. tr. busa, ddbar, yin
ddbar, e.g. the trumpeter
blew the trumpet mai-busa ya
busa kafo ; to b. away bushe.
2. intr. busa, e.g. the wind
used to b. all night iska ta
kan busa dare duka ; spec, to
b. the fire under a cooking
pot girke, girki ; to b. water
out of the mouth tuddas]
to b. a fire zuga,fura, e.g. b.
up the fire with the bellows
ka fura wuta da mafuri ;
to b. up, e.g. an empty bag
yin bokoko, to b. up a bag
fura salka ; to b. about jake.
blowing, n. busa, e.g. the b. of
the trumpet, wind, etc. busan
kafo, busan iska ; b. of water
out of the mouth tudaswa.
blown upon, i.e. dried, adj.
busashe.
blue, n. shuni orjuni*, ddfuwa.
blue, adj. shudi, fern, shudiya,
pi. shudodi, da shuni or da
juni*, ddfafi; spec. b. cloth
shiyodi, turkudi, saki, swaki ;
light b. shudi-shudi a b.
stone kaule ; a dark b. thread
nati.
blue, to be, intr. v. saki*, soki*
or swaki* ; to stain the face
b. dambara ; to dye b. shuda,
shiyuda.
bluff, alwashi.
blunder, see mistake.
blunt
31
boot
blunt, adj. da laushewa in the
sense of devoid of edge babu
kaiji.
blunt, to be, v. dallashe, dal-
lishi, dakushe, yin dakusa.
bluntness, n. (of a knife) tade-
rishi, laushiiva, dakusa.
boar, the wild, n. alhanzir,
hanzir, gyado, fern, gyadain-
r l/a, pi. gyadodi or gyaduna.
board, n. (plank) faskare ; to
make into boards yin faskare,
coll. boards karauki, boards
for binding books tadarishi*.
boast, v. gawurta, gawusta,
yin kurari, yin rdha, ruba.
boaster, n. mai-foma, pi. masu-
foma, mai-homa, mai-tama,
pi. masu-tama; b. in war
gugirma.
\ boasting, n. forna, homa, tama,
alfahari,alwdshi,fari,fariya,
kurari.
boat (i.e. canoe), n. jirigi or
jirgi, pi. jirage.
boatman, n. mai-jirigi, pi.
masu-jirigi.
bobbin, mdtdri.
body, jiki, pi. jikuna.
body-guard, one of the king's, '
n. zarumi, zaromi, zarmi or
jarimi, pi. zarumai.
boil, n. kurji, kureji, pi. k. u -
rareji, kuraje; kirchi, gurje,
girje, bambaroki, maruru.
boil, v. tr. or intr. tafasa, yi n
tafasa, tafasu, tafashe, taso;
it is boiling ana tafasa.
boiled, past part., tafasashshe,
ism.tafasashiya^l. tafasassu.
boiling, n. taswa ; the rise and
fall of b. water habuma, ham-
buma.
bold, adj., see brave,
bolt, v., to b. food rushe (K.).
bolt, see lock.
bone, n. kashi, pi. kasussuwa or
kassa ; back-b. kashin tsotso ;
bones in a fish kayar kifi ;
shin-b. kobri, kwabri, kwauri
(K.), kubri, pi. kwabruka;
hip-b. kwankwasso marrow-
b. tantakwashi, tantakoshi.
bone-setter, mai-dori.
book, n. litafi, leidfi, pi. litd-
tafi, or litattqffai, or litat-
taffaye; takarda*, pi. takar-
du*, kundi, pi. kundaye, dan
kundi, kitdba * leathern
case for a b., n. gafaka,
gafakka, or gufaka (S.) ;
large thick b., n. sufuri,
sufili ; page of a b., n. warka,
waraka ; stiff covers for a b.,
n. tadarishi*, bango, pi. ban-
gaye or banguna.
book-marker, n. alamo, or ha-
lama, pi. alamomi, amara.
boot, n. kubuta* spec, long
leathern b. safe, high riding
b. karufa, kurufa, kurfa,
long riding b. with spurs
booth
32
bow
kufita, kufuta, pi. kufitai,
kufutai.
booth, n. bukka, pi. bukkoki;
sayi, pi. sayoyi.
booty, n. dbin kwache.
border, n. 1 . of a country iyaka.
2. silk b. on woman's dress
hashiya.
3. b. of cloth lafe, laji.
bore, tr. v. fuda, fude, buda,
huda, yin rarake.
boring, u.ftidi, rarake.
born, pass. part, haifaffe, fern.
haifaffa, pi. haifaffu.
borrow, tr. v. yin dro, ramta,
yin ramche, e.g. I did not b.
much money ban yi ramchen
kurdi dayawa ba ; to b.
money chin bashi.
borrower, n. mai-chin bashi,
mai-daukan bashi.
bosom, n. gaba, pi. gabobi,
kirji, pi. kirjai, kiraza.
both, 1. adj. biyu, e.g. b. of
them duka biyu or su biyu;
this may also be expr. by
ddga wannan sai wannan.
2. conj. da, e.g. b....and
da... da.
bottle, n. tasa or dasa*, pi. ta-
soshi, kwalaba, kwaliba \ tulu,
pi. tuluna, dalulu; small
earthenware b. buta, water
b. calabash kurtu, burmi,
gyandama, skin water b.
salka or salka, pi. salkuna,
scent b. wakiya, wakiyya ; a
large leathern b. for holding
butter giwan basa ; a small
skin b. tandu.
bottom, 1. (the lowest part or
foundation) gutsu, kalkashi,
gato, e.g. b. of a fence gaton
darni, gindi.
2. (buttocks) gato, gindi.
bough, n. reshe, refe (S.), rehe,
refo, pi. rassu, rassa, raffu y
refund ; see branch.
bound, intr. v. (to leap up or
forward) tuma.
bound, past part. 1. (tied up,
fastened with a band) dam-
rarre, pi. damrarru, aka
damre, faskarari*.
2. fig. (obliged, required)
wajib, wajibi with ne or ke,
e.g. we are b. to go to the
war wajibi ne mu taji yaki.
boundary, n. iyaka, gayya,
or gay a (K.), kaida, makarin
kasa, matuka.
bow, n. (i.e. the weapon) bdkd,
pi. bdkuna, b. and arrows
bdkan kibiya \ to discharge a
b., v. halbi or harbi ; b. for
cleaning cotton bdkan shlba.
bow, 1 .intr. v. (to incline the head
in salutation) yin dfi,duka(S. ).
2. (to b. down as in the
native prostration) yin dfi,
gurfana, yin gurfane rusuna,
sujada.
bowels
3. to b. or stoop sunkwiya,
sunkuya, sunkurya (K.),
kurda (S.), duka.
4. (to b. the head down or
sideways in order to listen)
karkata or kakartsa.
bowels, n. hanji.
bowing, n., i.e. so as to touch
the ground with the forehead
sujada, sajada, alkafura ; see
bow.
bowl, n. tdsa, pi. tasoshi, gi-
dauniya, gwongwon, kata*.
bow-legged, chassa.
bowman, n. ma/ialbi, pi. ma-
halba or masu-halbi.
bowstring, n. tsirkiya, tsar-
kiya, chirkiya, igiyar baka.
box, n. akodi, akwati, san-
duki, or sanduki, pi. san-
dukai, mai-sutura* ; spec, a
small skin b., e.g. for snuff
batta, pi. battochi; barta, pi.
bartochi small glass b. for
frankincense lulu.
box, v. dambe, nausha, naushe,
nushe, dankwasa, dankwashe.
boxer, dan dambe.
boxing, n. naushi, dambe.
boy, n. yaro, pi. yara, yaraye,
yaye or yayaye ; spec. b. who
is third or fourth child, the
previous children being all
girls tanko*.
boyishness, n. halin yaro.
bracelet, n. tagula, tagulla,
R. H. D.
33
break
tugula, tagura, munduwa,
pi. mundaye.
brackishness, zartsi.
braid, to tufka, tubka, tupka
(K.), tumka (S.); see plait.
. brains, n. coll. kwalluwa, kwa-
kwalluwa, kokolwa.
I branch, n., of trees reshe, refe
(S.), refo, pi. refuna, raffu;
spec, small b. humso*, b.
stripped of leaves kutulture,
kututturo, kututturu ; wither-
ed branches coll. kwabruka ;
thin bending b. tsumanjiya.
brass, n. Jan karife, farin
harife, gachi, janjache.
brave, adj. mazakuta, da zu-
chiya babba, mai-zuchiya,
mai-karifin zuchiya.
bravery, n. mazakuta, maza-
. kunta, mazakunchi, tasiri
(S.), zarumta.
bray, intr. v. (of the ass) bir-
bira, barbara, yin kugi.
bray, tr. v. (to beat small,
pound) daka.
bread, n. (made of wheat) gu'<-
rasa.
breadth, n.fddi,faski*.
break, v. 1. tr. chiri fds^
fdso,pdsa,fashe, pashe,palshe;
kariya, kariyi, karye kalle
(K.), rotsa, rosbe, rosa, tsinke,
tsunke; to keep breaki-ng
tsuntsunke. i
2. fig. to b. a promise s'&ki
3
breakage
alkawali or .warwari alka-
wali.
3. fig. intr. of the day,
daylight or morning, see
dawn.
4. tr. with various modi-
fications of meaning: to b.
open ribe, Jalke (S.) ; to b.
to pieces farfasha or pal-
pashe (in tens, forms otfashe,
paske), rugunguza*Janfatsa;
to b. off kudure ; to b. up
kakkariya, karereya, rusad da,
balgache, kaririye intensive
forms of kariya; to b. up
again dandaka intensive form
of daka ; to b. off katse.
5. to b. a horse birga, burga.
6. to b. the law taka shari'a.
breakage, aras, a sound as of
b. garan-garan, kllin-kilin.
breakfast, n. kalachi, or karin
kumallo (also = midday meal),
kariyan azumi, sahur, suhur.
breaking, participial n. kari-
yewa.
breakwater, to hold water back
by a b. datse , a b. used for
catching fish gando, tdshi(S.).
breast, 1. (bosom) kirji, pi.
kiraza, kirijai, gaba.
2. (b. of mother or dam)
mama, nono, pi. nonuna,
nonaye or nonna.
breath, shortness of, n. fuka ;
to hold the b. dauki lumfashi.
34 bridle
breathe, intr. v. lumfasa (S.),
numfasa (K.), to b. heavily
dauki lumfashi, yin sheda,
I b. hard na yi fuka.
breathing, n., heavy b. lum-
fashi, numfashi, lunfastu,
sheda, habuma*, hambuma.
breed, v. ba diya, yin diya,
haifi, haife, haifu.
brethren, n. yan-uwa; my b.
yan-uwana.
bribe, n. toshi; b. given to a
judge fila or hila, kirsa, ri-
shiwa.
bribe, tr. v. chidacheto*.
brick, n. (made of mud) tubali,
kunku (S.), pi. kunkaye ; a
grass used for making bricks
ramno (S.), rauno (K.).
bricks, to make, v. yin tubali.
bride, n., specially applied to
the latest wife amariya ; the
state of a bride amarchi; the
friend of a b. kdwa.
bridegroom, n. ango, pi. an-
guna or angaye*', a feast for
a b. and his friends ambaru-
wa, sansambi; a dowry or a
gift given to a bride sadaki.
bridge, n. kadarko.
bridle, n. lizami, lizzami, li-
zani, linzami ; a strap round
horse's head fastened to b.
maraya-, a brass appendage
to a b. peluwa ', head of a
b. kwalkwada, kwalkwali.
brigand
Brigand, n. mafashi ; pi. only,
masu-tari.
bright, adj./ari, fern, fara, pi.
farari or farufaru ; farifat,
do, tachi, tac/iache, pi. tacha-
chu or tatattu ; b. as silver
tangarai, the last also = un-
clouded.
brightness, tac/w, ^sAi.
brim, n. burbishi- up to the
b./w, e.g. it was filled to the
b. ya haufau, ya tashifau.
brimstone, n. faral wuta, ki-
brit*, kaule*.
bring, tr. v. kawo, kayo, kai', zo
constr. with da (lit. come
with), e.g. he brought the
book ya zo da litafi ; spec,
modifications are to b. back
(i.e. to restore) maida, tumbe;
to b. forth ftio da- (to j
give birth to) haifi or haife \
to b. forward (to adduce)
kai or kawo, e.g. b. proof '
kai shaida, they would b.
forward a reason su kan
kawo dalili- } to b. near to
the speaker, also simply b. !
here or b. near kawo to b.
together gabato, jawo ; to b.
up (to nurse, educate) gwoiyo,
reno ; to b. up a child or
animal whose parent is dead
tallafi to take and b. tareyo
or tariyo; to b. together
Jibche, jibta, tara.
35
brood
i bringing, participial n. kawowa.
j brinjal, (tomato) gauta.
brink, n. babi, pi. bakuna.
brittleness, aras, gauski, gau-
tsi.
broad, adj. fadi, da faski,
bikiki, tafkeke.
broadcast, adv. a zube.
brocade, n. dibajo, kambori*
white cotton b. samasadowa.
broil, tr. v. soya or suya.
\ broiled, past part, soyayye or
soyeye, fern, soyayya, pi.
I soyayyu.
broken, past part, fasashe, pi.
fdsassu, kararre, matache *, or
matache, fern, matachiya or
matatta, pi. matattu, e.g. a
b. vessel matattar kwariya,
mar a*.
broken, to be b. up, v. war-
wari, wariwari or wawa-
ri.
broker, n. dilali or dillali, dan
baranda; to act as b. yin
dilali, or yin dilanchi ;
broker's commission, cf. seq.
brokerage, n. (fee or com-
mission as intermediary in
sales) la'ada, ladda; if the
price paid is to be la'ada
chlki (b. included) the seller
pays the b. (usually 5 p.c.),
if la'ada waje (exclusive of
b.) the buyer pays the b.
brood, n. colL (offspring) diya t
3- -2
brook
in a wide or general sense
iri, pi. vrare, q.v.
brook, n. rafi, pi. rafuna or
rafafuka.
broom, mashari*, tsintsiya;
see brush,
broom-weed, sweet b.-w.
roma fada.
broth, n. miya, romuwa (S.),
rowo (K.), *&**; b - made
from fruit of dorowa tree
daddawa, daudawa.
brother, n. dan-uwa ; used as
an expression of regard in
addressing others (usually
with suff. pron. no) -brother!
or dear friend! dan-uwana,
pi. yan-uwana or yan uwa,
shikiki, shakiki ; elder b. wa,
pi. yeye ', younger b. kdne,
pi. kannai, or tone,
brotherhood, kanenchi.
brow, n. (forehead) #os/ii ; he
bent his b. or knit his brows
(= he -frowned) ya damr
(gintse or jirkila) fuskassa
bruise, n. rauni, targade.
bruise, tr. v. falfasa.
brush, n. tsintsiya, abm shara,
mashari.
brush, tr. v. (i.e. to sweep with
a broom or b.) shara, share,
shache, kabe ; to b. thoroughly
kakkabe ; to b. the hair shafa
36 bul1
uck, n. prefix namiji, e.g. b.
antelope namijin barewa; b.
goat bunsuru, pi. bunsurai ;
water b. gwambaza ; reed b.
kaji, keji, kwantarafi.
bucket, n. guga, pi. guguna,
kwariyar guga ; a leather b.
brushing, tsifa.
bucking, e.g. of a horse or
donkey tutsu, butsari.
OUCkle, n. maballi.
bud, intr. v. yin gunda, yin
tofo, kumpsa*.
bud, n. gunda.
buffalo, n., dwarf b. or bush-
cow bauna, pi. bakane, o
baunaye ; kutunkun bauna.
buffalo-horn, (plant) mag
yar kura.
buffet, v. buga, dambe.
bug, n. kazunzumi, gazunz
(S.), kudi.
build, tr. v. gina, kafa;
former is also spec, appli
to construction of roads,
latter to that of roof e
with beams : kasantada*.
builder, magini.
building, a, n. garu*.
built, past part, ginanne, pi.
ginannu.
bull, n. 1. (male of horned
cattle) sa, bajimi (S.), bajvm
(K.), bijimi, bishimi, kinna :
spec, large (castrated) b. bur-
tumi,furtumi ; b. for carrying
bullet
37
bush-cat
loads takarkari, pi. takar-
karai.
2. gen. (male of any large
animal) toro, pi. toranni, to-
rone, e.g. bull elephant toron
giwa; toro with omission of
giwa is often specially applied
to the male elephant = na-
mijin giwa.
bullet, n. harsashe, pi. harsa-
sai; harsa (S.), pi. harsashi,
dutsim bindiga ; see cart-
ridge.
bulrush, shatta.
bunch, n. (e.g. a b. of flowers)
dame or dami, pi. ddmuna
or damma, dunji.
bundle, dame, dami, dunji,
gwallo; to place in bundles
yin jeni.
burden, n. kaya, pi. kayayaki.
burdensome, adj., see heavy
and troublesome.
burial, abstr. n. biso, bizni,
birni.
burial-cloth, native, n. zugu;
see winding-sheet.
burial-place, n. makwanche,
wurin bizne, wurin kushewa,
wurin kusheyi, kusheya.
burn, v. 1. tr. kona, kone, kuna,
soya, suya, surya, toyi, towi,
toya, tuya ; to b. up com-
pletely konkone, spec, to b.
with a hot iron lalas*.
2. intr. kuna, kone ; fig. of
desire etc., the heart burned
zuchiya ta kuna.
burning, particip. adj. mai-
fura, konewa] b. disease kona
or kuna* ; a smell of b.
karni, kasni, kaur.
burnous, alkyabba, pi. alk-
yabbu.
burnt, past part, konanne, fern.
konanna, pi. konannu ; spec,
b. food, n. kamzo, kanzo \ b.
all over, adv. kurmus*.
burrow, to raraka, raruke.
burst, v. tr. and intr. fashe,
pasha ; bursting out laughing
fashewa da dariya ; sounds of
bursting (onomatoposic) fus ;
to b. open tsiyayye (K.).
bury, tr. v. bizne, bisne, birna,
bisa, bishe, binne*, turbude,
turumbude* ; spec, to b in
the earth as locusts do their
eggs turbude.
burying-place, n. see burial-
place.
bush, n. spec, thorny b. kwab-
dodo, kaudodo, sarkakiya ;
thick-foliaged b. used as food
sukuki* b. in the sense of
uncultivated forest land daji,
rukuki ; b. in sense of scrub or
farm b. jeji, kunchi, kumchi.
bush-buck, lesser b. or 'har-
nessed antelope' (i.e. Trage-
laphus scriptus) mazo, ganjar.
bush-cat, see cat.!
bush-cow
38
butt
bush-cow, or dwarf buffalo
bauna, pi. bakane, baunaye.
business, n. 1. (trade, com-
merce) chiniki, shagali, pi.
shagulla (S.), or shagulgula
(K.), bukdta, sha'ani ; to do
b. yin shdgali; to do b. with
yin da.
2. gen. ( = concern) hukata-,
also, in neg. and interrog.
sentences, ruwa, e.g. it is no
b. of mine ba ruwana or babu
ruwana, what b. is it of yours
ina (lit. where?) ruwankul
go about your b. ka tafi
abinka ; minding one's own
b. sha'ani; mind your b.
shiga sha'aninka \ he went
about his b. ya yi zamansa.
3. (affair or thing) abu, e.g.
a bad b. abin mugu.
bustard, the lesser b. kadab-
kara, kadafkara, sokara* ;
the greater b. tuji.
busybody, mai-kwarmato.
but, 1. adversative conj. amma ;
da is at times found where
the opposition is not (as with
amma} explicit and logical,
e.g. but are you able to do
this ? da kana iya yin haka ?
fache*, balshe*, bari dai.
2. exceptive prep, and conj.
sai, e.g. a woman's entire
body ought to be strictly
concealed 'but the soles of
her feet and her eyes jikin
mache duk yi al'aura ya ke
sai ko matakai sai ido ; those
who love thee can but salute
again masowa naka sai kuma
salmawa ; neg. there is no
health in it, nothing but
sickness babu lafiya chiki
nata sai chiwuta ; there is
often an idiomatic ellipsis
before sai, e.g. the whole
street was nothing but water
dukan kasuwa sai ruwa,.
nothing but blood sai jini ;
in this way is to be explained
the phr. sai lafiya, i.e. no-
thing but well, i.e. quite
well. The expr. bamda or
banda may = English but, e.g.
put nothing in the pot but
meat kada ku sa komi chikin
tukunya bamda nama where
sai nama would be equally
correct.
butcher, n. mafauchi, mahau-
chi, pi. mahauta.
butcher, tr. v., i.e. to slaughter
animals in technical sense
yin fawa.
butcher-bird (shrike), bam-
bami.
butchery, n. tech. (slaughter-
ing of animals) fawa.
butt, intr. v. kdra, yin kdro f
tunkwiya, tunkuda, e.g. the
two goats are butting each
butter
39
cake
other awaki su biyu suna
tunkuda junansu or da juna.
butter, i). 1. gen. whether
animal or vegetable mai.
2. cow b. main shanu,
dunguli, dungule, turde ; a
large leathern bottle for
holding b. giwan basa.
butterfly, n. bamota or bama-
wuta, kwalkwala, kilikili,
kilkili ; the expr. litdfin A llah
(writing of God), or dokin
Allah (God's horse) is often
used to designate the butter-
fly ; cf. tadawal Allah, malam
bude litafinka.
butter-tree, n. the shea-butter
tree (Bassia Parkii) kadcmya;
shea-butter, i.e. its thick
butter-like oil, main kadanya,
main kade, or man kade.
butting, n. kdro, tuni, tunk-
wiyi.
buttock, n. gato.
button, n. makubli or makulli,
pi. makublai, mabantari(K.),
mabantali (S.), maballen riga,
anini*.
buy, v. soya, sayi, saye, sai ;
to b. and bring back sayo ;
to be bought sayu.
buyer, n. mai-saye^\. masu-saye. \
buying, sayi ; espec. wholesale |
b. faja; b. and selling saye I
da sayarwa, or saye da sa-
yaswa.
buzz, n. amo ; b. of bees kugi,
kogi.
buzz, intr. v. amo or yin amo.
by, 1. prep, instr. (with) da }
e.g. he was struck by an
arrow aka halbe shi da kibiya.
2. prep. loc. (near) kusa,
kusa da, or kusa ga, e.g. by
the shore of the pool kusa ga
bakin gulbi ; (along by) baya,
e.g. we walked by the town
mun yi yawo bayan birni.
3. prep, distributive, e.g.
by fours fudu fudu, by tens
goma go ma.
4. adv. (near) kusa.
by-and-by, an jima and zuwa
zuwa.
byword, cf. her character be-
came a b. halinta ya zama
sara.
cackle, intr. v. yin karkara.
cackling, u.kyarkyara, kirkira.
cactus, a prickly Euphorbia
with c.-like habit and milky
juice tinya, tunya, kyarana.
cadger, bakanchi, maichile,
masha-chile.
cage, n. akurke, akurki, pi.
akurkai, gidan tsuntsuwa ;
a cage for fowl (a hencoop)
akurkin kaza.
cake, n., c. of rice or guinea-
corn waina (K.), tsala, tsaliya
(K.), tswala (S.),
calabash
40
calm
c. of wheat flour and honey
fankasu ; c. of bean flour and
oil soto ; c. made from beans
of the dorowa tree daddawa]
c. of oil, honey and rice or
wheat tsatsafa, bankuru,
bakuru, kosai, sliashaka.
calabash, n. gora, pi. gorina,
kwariya, burmi, gyandama,
maburmi, muburmi ; spec,
small c. kumbu ; long-necked
c. used as water-bottle kurtu,
kortu ; c. finger-basin kwa-
chiya ; c. strainer rariya ;
a small c. placed in a water
pot to prevent water spilling
when carried magumki, gum-
karuwa.
calamity, n. (distress, adver-
sity) tsiya, maslfa, maydta,
wahala ; a c. (a distressing
or adverse thing or event)
abin mugu or mugun abu.
calculate, v. (to compute,
reckon) yin kidaya, kilga,
kirga, yin lisa/I.
calculation, n. 1. (act of com-
puting or reckoning) kidaya,
kida, kididdiga.
2. (sum or amount reached
bye.) kidaya, kida, kididdiga.
lisafi, the last commonly ap-
plied to accounts, bills, etc. ;
beyond c. (incalculable, in-
numerable) sun fi kidaya.
caldron, n. tukunya.
calf, n. 1. (young of large ani-
mal) da, connective dan, pi.
yaya or ya, connect, yayan
or yan, coll. pi. diya, connect.
diyar.
2. (young of cow) mardki,
fern, maraka, pi. niaruka or
marukka; spec, a young
female c. karsana.
calf, n., i.e. of the leg dambubu,
tukatukai* (K.).
calico, 11. alkdmura ; white
c. for making tobes maha-
mudi, alawayo (S.).
call, tr. v. (to summon) klra, ki-
raya, kiraye; to c. or summon
to where the speaker is, and
also simply to c. kirawo ; to c.
in the sense of to name klra
suna; 'called,' i.e. named
or entitled is expressed thus :
a man called Bube wani
tnutum sunansa Bube, a great
man who was called the
Madaki baba ana die da shi
Madaki', calling out, verbal
11. kira ; one who calls to
prayer makiran salla.
callous, dakanta.
calm, n. (absence of wind, still
weather) natsu, natso, natsu-
wa, nitso, nitsuwa, also used
fig. in the sense of relaxation
or rest.
calm, tr. v. (to appease) lal-
lashi or lillashi, sanyaya.
caltrop 4]
caltrop (plant), tsaidau, tsidau,
dayi water c. gyadar ruwa.
calumniate, v. chim-baya,
rada*.
calumny, n. chimbaya, rada.
camel, n. rakumi, fern, rakuma,
pi. rakumma ; the female c.
taguwa, pi. taguwai, tagu-
woyi ; spec, large male c.
simale ; a two-humped camel
aturkumami, f. aturkumama;
-a running c. jeraya ; the
constellation of the C. ta-
guwa.
camp, n. 1. (halting ground
of travellers etc.) zango, pi.
zanguna.
2. (in the military sense)
sansani ; camping-place, n.
wurin sabka or sapka.
camphor, n. kafur.
camwood, majigi.
can, auxiliary v. iya, ailsosamu;
he could not enter ba ya
samu ya shiga ; with passives
a iya may be employed, e.g.
it cannot be lifted ba a iya
a dauke shi.
cancel, to c. an agreement
warware.
cane, n. 1. gora, pi. gorina;
spec, water-cane burgu ; sort
of bamboo c. kwangi, kwagiri;
sugar c. takanda, rake.
2. (walking-stick) sanda,
pi. sanduna, kulki.
capture
cannibal, n. 1. jan-maye, mai-
chin mutane,
2. c. people, or tribe yam-
yam, nyamnyam.
cannon, n. madafa*, agwa.
canoe, n. jirigi, abara*, jirgi,
pi. jirage \ c. cover rumpa,
komi* (S.), rumfa ; c. paddles
filafile or fulafule ; c. paddle
used as a rudder matuki ; a c.
polegwangwala*, kwangwala.
canoe, to paddle a c., v. tuka,
the participial n. of which is
tukawa.
canter, n. hammadanchi.
canter, intr. v. zugurubtu,
jigeribti, jigribti, kwakkwafa.
can tie, of a saddle kwachiar
baya.
cap, n. tagiya ; spec, a white
c. worn inside fez fula, pi.
fuluna ; a blue or black c.
fula saki c. of red cloth
with tassel (fez) fuladdara,
fulandara, faladara ; a c.
with two flaps to cover the
ears habal kdda.
cape, made of palm fibre
kabido, kabudo.
capsicum, barkono.
capture, tr. v. 1. (to catch or
take, of prisoners, slaves)
kama, kankama, same.
2. (to conquer, get dominion
over a city or people) chi, e.g.
he conquered the people, the
caracal
42
carrier
king was captured ya chisu
oka kama sariki ; to c. and
bring back chiwo.
caracal, (lynx) dage.
caravan, n. ayari ; the chief
of a c. jaji; head-man of a
c., who walks behind it ma-
dugu, pi. madugawa- guide
or forerunner of a c. jdgdba
or shugaba ; the tax paid by
a c. for permission to travel
kurdin boda, fato, fito \ a
collection of caravans kdfar
fatake.
carcass, n. gawa, pi. gawa-
waki.
card, to c. cotton shi.ba.
cardinal-bird, the scarlet
mulufi, maluji.
cards, playing c. yaya*.
care, n. 1. (heed) ruwa in neg.
and interrog. clauses, e.g.
what c. of mine is it? ina
ruwanal hankali, which also
has the sense of forethought.
2. (anxiety) matamacke*,
e.g. the cares of the world
matamachen duniyan nan \
see sorrow.
care for, v. (heed, regard)
waiwaya, kula or yin kula,
tara, tsere ; to c. for (to pay
attention to and so beware
of) tuna, yin hankuri ; all
of these verbs except the
first govern an object by
means of prep, da, e.g. he
cared nought for his reproof
bai kula daforonsa 'ba.
careful, adj. (heedful) mai-han-
kali ; be c. ! hdtara, hutara.
carefully, adv. 1. (heedfully,
prudently) da hankali.
2. (attentively) sdrai, e.g.
look c. duba sdrai.
careless, adj. (imprudent) ma-
ras-hankali, bizki; (inatten-
tive to work) mai-lalachi.
carelessly, adv. babu hankali,.
da lalachi, da lalafanchi, da
sakafchi; to act c. through
absence of mind shagalchi.
carelessness, n. 1. (want of
care) sakafchi.
2. (indifference, idleness)
lalachi, lalafanchi.
caress, n. lalaba.
caress, v. yin lalaba.
cargo, n. kaya.
carpenter, n. mdsassaki, pL
masassaka ; shop .of a c. ma-
saka.
carpet, n. kilishi*.
carriage, karusa*.
carrier, n. gen. mai-daukan
kaya ; spec, hired c. dan
aldro head or chief c. sarikin
aldro ; a trader who carries
his goods on his head dangu-
rumfa, bojuwa, bujuwa, mai-
kaya ; money paid to carriers
sufuri, sufurchi; an epithet
carrion
43
catch
applied to a carrier who keeps
putting down his load mai-
bari.
carrion, mdsai, mosai, mushe.
carry, tr. v. kai, shidi, the
latter constr. with da to c.
in shiga da, shigo da (lit. to
enter with), nothing shall be
carried tied up into the town
of Zaria ba a shigo da komi a
birni; to c. on (transact) yi\
to c. off tafi da ; to c. through
(accomplish) iyas, iyas da.
cartridge, harsa, harsashi ; c.
case kamsir, kurft, kwanso,
kvmsfar harsashi ; see bullet.
case, n. (receptacle, cover) gida,
e.g. needle-c. gidan alura ;
spec, leathern c. for holding
a book gdfaka, gufaka.
case, n. 1. (state or condition)
zama.
2. (event, thing) abu, e.g.
a bad c. (i.e. a bad business)
mugun abu.
cassava, rogo.
cast, tr. v. jefa, jefi, jefo ; to
c. aside yas da, yadda, yashe ;
to c. out (throw out) jefa da,
jefas, jefas da, jefsa*,jefshe*- }
(to expel as from the mind,
the throne, etc.) Jidda, fita
with da, Jishe, e.g. he was c.
(or driven ) out akafitad da shi
or aka fishe shi ; to c. up (to
reckon), yin lisafi to c. the
young bari ; cf. haifuwa bari
still-born ; see calculate.
castigate, tr. v. 1. (punish)
fallasa, pallasa.
2. (beat) buga, bubbuga.
castigation, n. 1. (punishment)
fallasa, pallasa.
castor-oil, (plant) zurma.
castrated, tauri*.
castration, fidiya, pidia.
casualty, see accident.
cat, n. muzuru, muzulu,mazuru
m., fern, kanwa or kyanwa,.
pi. kyanwuna, kyanwai, mdge^
mussa, musa, pi. mussoshi,
mussai (S.) ; spec, tortoise-
shell or spotted c. tsawarwara;
tabby bush c. tsara ; civet-c.
jibda, mdgen tantal, muzu-
run juda, muzurun tantal,
kyanwar tantal, tunkun jibda ;.
African palm civet or genet
madadashi ; wild c. jimolo,
baudari, tunku, wazagi (S.) ;
serval-c. rabji, rabi*, robe*,,
inyawara.
cataract, n. (or corneal ulcers)
hakiya or hekiya, tsauriya,.
tsawuriya.
catch, tr. v. kdma, ruski, chdfa r
chafe, sarbe ; to c. a cold,
e.g. I caught cold sanyi
ya kama ni (lit. the cold
caught me) ; to c. up chlka
da ; catching chdfiya ; to c.
intr. (of a fire) habaka.
caterpillar
44
cemetery
caterpillar, hairy, n. gizdka,
gisaka, kisdka*, tsutsa, gama-
toro ; an edible c. tsama ; a
light green c. wutan ganye,
cat-fish, gondo (S.), kulume,
mari, kurungu-, electric c.-f.
(Malapteruruselectricus)mm-
jiriya (K.), mijiriya (S.).
cattle, n. coll. dabba or dabbo,
pi. dabboni ordabbobi; (cows)
shanu ; c. disease bingiri;
humped c. jdba-jdba ; c.-shed
garke, gerke, gorge (S.) ; a
place for feeding c. makiyaya:
a Fulani c. camp rugga.
caught, particip. adj. (of a
fire) gasashe, fern, gasashiya,
pi. gasasu ; to get c. in falling
sage.
caul, rigar haifuwa.
cause, n. 1. (origin or ground)
gutsu, sabdbi, sanadi ; with-
out c. babu sabdbi.
2. (reason adduced in proof
or explanation) dallli, sabili,
hamzari, e.g. they give a c. (i.e.
a reason for confidence) and
an excuse su kan kawo dalili
da huja ; hence often applied
to texts from the Koran,
-cause, tr. v. sa, ba or bada,
maida, yi, rataya*, tdsdda* ;
these are construed as follows :
I caused him to laugh na ba
shi dariya, he caused me to
fear ya ba ni tsoro, he caused
him to sleep ya sa shi shi
kwanche or ya maida shi shi
kwanche.
causeless, adj. babu sababi,
kakarai.
caution, n. (prudent care)
hankali.
cautious, n. da hankali ; to
be c. yin hankali.
cavalry, n. barde, pi. barade ;
c. with shields garki or gari-
kine ; collection of c. kangar*.
cave, n. kogo, pi. koguna, ma-
raya*.
cease, intr. v. daina or dena,
e.g. she did not c. ba ta daina
ba, tr. she ceased crying ta
daina kuka ; the rain ceased
ruwa ya dauke.
ceaselessly, adv. kul yaushe.
ceil, tr. v. ydba, ydbe.
ceiled, particip. adj. yababbe,
fern, yababba, pi. yababbu.
ceiling, damren-guga, dauren-
guga.
celebrate, tr. v. (to praise,
honour) yin yabo.
celebrated, particip. adj. yab-
abbe,fem. yababba, pi. yababbu.
celebrity, n. yabo.
celestial, adj. mai-sama, spec.
applied to God.
cement, (used in making roofs)
babarkiya, katsi.
cemetery, n., see burial-
place.
centipede
45
change
centipede, n., a harmless c.
shanshani, sonsoni*, pi. shan
tthanu, aimaka (S.), daidaya;
see millipede.
centre, n. tsdka, tadkiya ; spec,
c. of the inside of thatch
roof kwando.
certain, adj. 1. (assured, true)
e.g. c. (i.e. true) words maga-
na tabbatachiya; are you c.t
ka tabbata ? ka tabbata or ka
shaida ; to be c. sakankanche,
tdbata, tdbache ; to make c.
yin tabbas, wajabia.
2. (one, some) wani, fern.
wata, wota, pi. wadansu,
wansu, wasu, wosu ; cf. a 2.;
to express a c. person known
but unnamed ( = so-and-so)
kaza, e.g. a c. person passed
mutum kaza ya wuche.
certainly, adv. da gaskiya,
an che, hakika, Idbudda, la-
buddi, tabbas, takar (K.) ; c.
is expressed also by means
of tabbata, e.g. he is c. there
ya tabbata nan, babu shakka.
certainty, n. gaskiya.
certificate, n. lay a*.
certified, particip. adj. shai-
dadde, fern, shaidadda, pi.
shaidaddu.
certify, v. hakikanta.
cesspit, n. saiga, pi. salgagi.
Chad, pr. n.' of lake, Tsada or
ruwan Tsada] see Benue.
chafe, intr. v. (to feel irritated)
jin haushi ; he chafed at this-
ya ji haushin wannan.
chaff, n. dusa (K.), dussa (S.) r
kaikai, soshiya, kona; small
piece of c. tsinki.
chagrin, n. haushi.
chain, n. sarka, salka, pL
sarkuna or sarkoki ; coll.
chains sasdri \ c. armour
sulke.
chair, n. kujera, kushera*.
chalk, n. aljibus, alzlbus ; chalk
or white earth used for
bleaching thread alii.
chamber, n. daki, pi. dakuna;
very small c. or closet loloki>
pi. lolokai.
chamberlain, n. madaki, ma-
daiki.
chamber-pot, shdda.
chameleon, n. hawainiya (K.) r
hawaniya, hanwawa (S.).
champion, gamzo.
chance, n., see accident,
opportunity,
chance, impers. v., it chanced
yafaru.
change, v. 1. tr. and intr.
sauya, sawaya, sawoya.
2. tr. maida, maishe, mu~
say a, musayi, musaye ; to c.
one's mind sake shawara,
sake, saki.
3. intr. mayas da, riklda,
jirkita, the last referring to
change
46
charm
any c. of position whether
material or figurative ; e.g.
he changed his body ya sauya
or sawaya jikinsa, I changed
to a moslem na sauya mu-
sulmi, the king lias changed
(the value of) the Spanish
dollar sariki ya maida kurdin
madafa, my master changed
my wages ubangijina ya sake
ladana, I am changing into
some creature or other ina
rikida wani abu, I changed
myself into a bird na rikida
tsuntsuwa, they changed
sides sun swaba juna.
change, n., e.g, of money kwaro,
chiko ; (alteration) jirkita.
changed, particip. sauyaye,
fern, sauyaya, pi. sauyayu ;
sakakke, fern, sakakkiya, pi.
sakakku; rikidadde, fern, riki-
daddiya, pi. rikidaddu.
changing, participial n. 'sa-
kiwa, sauyi, jirkitawa, for
the application of the latter
cf. jirkita under change.
chapping, e.g. of skin/aso.
chapter, n. (division of a book)
kai, sura*, pi. surori*, e.g.
the tenth c. kai na-goma or
sura ta-goma.
character, n. 1. (disposition)
hali, e.g, such is his c. halinsa
shi ke or halinsa ke nan ;
tabi'a, dabi'a.
2. (good repute) suna ; he
bears a high c, sunansa na-
gari ne ; see fame.
3. to have a certain c. is
expressed by means of the v.
tarika, e.g. he is a quarrelsome
c. (he is always quarrelling)
ya tarika fada.
characteristic, n. kali, pi.
hdlaye ; theft is a c. of the
thief sata hdlin barawo.
charcoal, n. 1. gawayi, pi.
gawaye, not used of burning
c. for which cf. 2.
2. burning c. garwashi,
pi. yarwashoshi.
3. charcoal-tree, a small
tree kiriya, from which is
made smith's c. garwashin
kiriya.
charge, v. 1. (to load) chlka
or dor a, e.g. they have
charged their guns suka dor a
bindiga.
2. (to command) hakumche,
hakurrita.
3. (to rush on, to attack)
fadi (bisa, bisa ga or) a bisa.
charity, n., see alms.
charm, n. 1. gen. whether
written or of any other kind
mdgani, Idya, pi. lawaye,
layu ; hatumi, katumi*, saka-
tubu*, bara, talili ; sunan
Allah (lit. the name of God),
this is used of various charms
charmer
47
chief
which are written on a smooth
board, the ink from which is
washed off and swallowed.
2. spec, a c. to promote a
successful deal tsdrdka ; stone
c. for woman's neck kandu
or kandun ido ; c. against
injury in war layan sabani;
an inverted c. placed in a
field as a charm against
thieves kwanda, kunda, tsdji ;
love charms tsibbu, mantawa* ;
c. to render anyone invisible
Idyar zana ; c. to ward off
arrows sha bara, Idyar sabani ;
injurious c. sammu or sammo;
see also tira.
charmer, snake-, n. gardi,
pi. gardawa, turde, pi. tur-
daiva.
charms, 1. to write c. tsubbu;
one who writes c. mai-tsubbu ;
one who utters deadly c.
maita.
2. (female attractions) see
beauty.
chase, n. (hunting) farauta.
chase, v. 1. (to hunt) yin
farauta.
2. (to drive away) kore.
chaste, adj. tsari.
chattels, urula.
cheap, adj. da araha, da arha
it is c. shina da araha ; a c.
sale gwanjo.
cheapness, n. araha, arha.
cheat, n. 1. (fraud) kura, riba,
rikichi.
2. (one who cheats) machi
kura, pi. machiya kura ; mai-
chinkura; mai-riba, pi. masu-
riba or mai-riba da kura;
mai-zambachi, mai-zambata.
cheat, v. chin kura, chin riba,
rikiche, rinta, zambache, zam-
bata, sofa (S.), zantara.
cheating, n. kura, hayinchi
see prec.
check, v. 1. (reprove) kwaba.
2. (hinder, restrain) hdna.
cheek, n. kumchi, pi. kumatu
hair on the cheeks saje; a man
with fat cheeks dan kumatu.
cheer, v. bada murna, yin
murna.
cheese, n. chukutnara, chuku.
cheetah (or hunting leopard),
rabbi, gundumau*.
chew, v. tr. tamna, tona, tauna,
tsuke, tuke, e.g. we are chew-
ing kola-nut muna tamna
goro.
Chewed, particip. tamnanne,
fern, tamnanna, pi. tarn-
nannu.
chewing, n. tamna, tsiko (K.),
tsuku.
chew-stick, (i.e. name of trees)
marke, marike, tafashiya.
chicken, n. dan tsako, tsiyako,
pi. yan tsako.
Chief, n. bagare, pi. garewa,
child
48
circling
baba, e.g. he is their c. ski
ne babansu, also in sense of
a c., a great man ; sariki,
often in the sense of head or
president of any body, trade
etc. ; ido (lit. eye) is used
in poetry thus, behold Bello,
chief over his kingdom duba
ga Bello idon malki nai ;
tunari* ; see under fadawa.
child, n. 1. (son or daughter)
da, connect, dan, fern, diya,
pi. yaya, yayaye and ya,
connect, yan.
2. (young person) yaro, pi.
yara.
3. a very young c., an
infant up to one year of age
jariri, jarili, yarili, jinjiri ;
spec. c. carried on a woman's
back bumbu, goyo, goiyo ; a
c. which dies soon after birth
dan wabi.
4. with c., see pregnant,
childhood, n. yarinta, yaran-
chi (K.), yarantdka (S.),
kurichiya, kuruchiya.
childishness, n. halin yaro,
halin kankanta, kuruchiya or
kurchiya.
chill, n. funturu, especially
that felt at night.
chillies, barkono.
chin, n. hdba, pi. hdbobi ; double
c. maroro or malolo ; the
lower part of the c. leke (S.).
China, n. geogr. Sin*.
chip, to c., e.g. with a hammer
kwarsana.
chisel, n. kurufi*, furufi*.
choice, zabe, zabi, 'zdbantaka f
zabanchi.
choke, tr. and intr. v. mdkure ;.
to cause to c. sumanche,.
sunanche.
choking, due to swallowing
anything, n. makura, kwdra*.
choose, v. zaba, zabe ; spec, to-
c. out one or more pieces
of anything (to select) wari.
chosen, 1. pass. v. zabu.
2. particip. zababbe, fern.
zababba, pi. zababbu.
Christian, a, n. annasdra, also-
used as coll. pi. Christians;
to become a C. nasaranta.
Christianity, n. addinin an-
nasara.
church, i.e. a place of worship,.
n. masallachi, pi. masallatai.
churn, v. burka, burga, tunk-
wiya nono.
churning, tuguwa*.
cicatrice, n. tambo, tabo.
cigarette, stump of a guntun.
taba.
cinders, n. garwashi, pi. gar-
washoshi \ yarwashin wuta.
circle, n. bukdri*, kawanya
(K.)-
circling, of a bird over its
prey jewa, shawdge.
circuit
49
clean
circuit, to make the c. of, tr.
v. kewaye, kewayi, yin kewaye ;
see under round.
circumcise, v. yin kdchiya or
y anke kdchiya, salas&d da (S.).
circumcision, n. kdchiya, sala-
SKwa, ska.
circumspectly, dubanan du-
banan, lekanan lekanan.
cistern, large, n. bingi, kurkud-
dufi, kunduddufi or kudud-
dufi ; a c. for collecting rain-
water kwiyaka, kuyaka.
citizen, n. dan-gari, pi. yan-
gari.
city, n. birni, pi. birane or
birnuwa, used of large and
walled towns, while gari, pi.
garuruwa, garuruka and ga-
rigaru, is applied to less im-
portant and to country towns.
civet-cat, n. jibda, juda (K.),
mag en tantal frankincense
obtained from the c. turare.
civil-war, basasa.
claim, n. alhaki, e.g. the c. of
one defrauded.
claim, tr. v. (to demand as
one's own) nema, e.g. I claim
my own ina nema abin natva;
to claim a debt bim bashi ;
cf. bi.
clamour, n. (loud outcry) ku-
ruruwa, dumi, surutu (S.).
clamour, v. (to cry aloud) yin
kururuwa.
R. H. D.
clan, n. dangi, pi. dangogi;
iri, pi. irare.
clang, the c. of metal on metal
kyang.
clap, v. (to strike the hands
together in applauding etc.)
tdfa or yin taji (K.), yin tabi
(S.), ban hannu.
clapping, tafi, tabi (S.).
clarify, by straining, tr. v.
tachi.
clasp, n. kugiya.
clasp, v. (to embrace) rungume.
claw, n. of an animal, akai/a,
dagi.
claw, to yayaga; see scratch,
clay, n. yimbu, yumbu, yambu,
e.g. they are built of c. an
gina su da yimbu ; a lump of
c. burugushe* or burbushi* \
a yellow c. used as a dye for
women's faces ddla white c.
karmatako, karmantako (K.)j
a hard c. soil kekuwa.
clean, adj. 1. gen. sdrai, of
wheat chari or tsari.
2. (ceremonially and so also
morally c., pure) halal, halas,
tsari or chari.
clean, tr. v. e.g. with water
darwaye, dariwaye*, kwdla,
kwarkware (S.) ; of the hair,
garments etc. tsabta, cf . wanke- }
(to scrape off, c. off) gogi, goge;
to c. from husks surfe, surfa ;
(to render c.) yin sarai,
4
cleaned
50
clock
maida, sarai, gyarta; to c.
the teeth kivalkwale ; to c.
raw cotton shiba.
cleaned, particip. gyartache,
fern, gyartatta, pi. gyartattu ;
wankakke, fern, wankakka, pi.
wankakku; c. from husks etc.,
of rice, shanshere, surfaffe.
cleaning, of cotton shibi.
cleanliness, n., of the person,
clothes etc. tsabta, tsapta.
cleanness, n. karari ; esp. in
a religious or moral sense tsar-
ki, tsalki ; cf. seq.
cleanse, tr. v. (of the heart)
tsarkaka or charkaka.
Clear, adj. .1. (of liquids, the
sky etc.) da tachi, tangarai,
tangaran ; the sun looks like
clearing gari yaishirinsarari t
2. (manifest, plain) zahiri,
sarai, kwarai.
3. (pure, irreproachable)
tsari or chari.
clear, tr. v., to c. ground before
ploughing, sdsabe.
clear, to make, tr. v. (to ex-
plain) waye, e.g. this matter
is difficult, I wish you to
make it c. to me abin nan da
wuya ina so ka waye mini.
clearing, c. ground for sowing
zafa (S.).
clearly, adv. (manifestly, ob-
viously) sarai, kwarai.
clearness,
cleave, tr. v. (to cut with a
blow) sare.
cleave to, to, intr. v. rike,
like, rika, kakkafe, riki t
dafe.
clerk, akawu.
clever, adj. 1. i.e. in an art or
profession gwani, goni, pi.
gwanaye, gwannai.
2. gen. (astute or cunning)
shaitan, i.e. as c. as Satan.
cleverly, adv. (cunningly) da
wayo.
cleverness, n. 1. (in an art
etc.) gwaninta.
2. gen. azanchi, budi, hiki-
ma, fahimta.
click, made with tongue or
teeth, a sign of vexation
kwafa, kyache (S.).
climb, v. hawa or hau, e.g. he
climbed the hill ya hawa
dutsi or ya hawa bisa dutsi.
clitoris, filaniy a, tsele.
cloak, n. alkyabba, pi. alkyabbu,
riga*.
cloak, tr. v. 1. (to put on a c.)
sa alkyabba.
2. (to conceal) rufe, rufi or
rife.
clock, n. sa'a, lotu*, loto*.
Hausas who are acquainted
with clocks express ' o'clock '
thus, three o'clock sa'a uku ;
half past eight o'clock sa'a
takwas da shashi; karife is
clogs
also used in. describing th
time, as the hours are often
marked by beating iron, thus
what time is it now ? karif
iKiica ne yanzu ; it is two
o'clock ya yi karife biyu.
\ Clogs, wooden dan garafai (S. )
close, v. 1. tr. sada; to c. a
door, box etc. rufe, rufi or
rife, like ; to c. the fist tan-
kwashe; to c. a hole done,
danne, ddne ; the door is
closed (also in fig. sense) an
rufe kofa.
2. to c. with, used of a
bargain or agreement yarda.
Close by, adv. kusa, daura da,
dubbara da, dabda, dafda,
dabrada.
closed, particip. (fastened up)
glrkakke, fern, girkakkiya, pi.
girkakku; cf. phr. the road
is c. hanya ta mutu.
Jloset, bayan gida, makewaye ;
(small room) loloki, pi. falo-
kai.
loth, n., spec, names of stuffs
are : blue c. shudl ; blue,
shiny c. turkudi, ^l.turkudda;
c. formed of blue and white
strips keke ; native blue or
black c. with silk inwoven
ridi; black striped c. from
Ilorin bunu; a black and
white women's c. zalwani ; a
coarse white c. gwado ; a c.
51
cloth
with white stripes gwanda ;
a white c. with red stripes
gorori (K.) ; a black and red
c. kudi; a c. with alternate
strips of two colours luru a
variegated c. zaura,zawara or
idon zaura; variegated c. used
for turbans barmushi ; a kind
of velvet c. yapki, karamiski,
kadamiski; a red c. shall;
awhitenativec. alfinti, dimi*,
zauwati a c. that has no seam
in it liwasa ; woollen c. mu-
luji or malufi; a brocade c.
worked with gold inside
dibajo; (a piece of c. used
in various senses and spec. =
Engl. 'a cloth') a loin c.
bante, banche, pi. bantuna
a shoulder c. leki ; a small
piece of c., a c. kalkafi a
woman's c. zdne, pi. zannuwa
or zanna, gyauto (K.) ; c.
gusset in a to be shlga; a strip
of c. zugu a piece of c. made
of about twenty strips wawa ;
a roll of c. turumi ; long strip
of c. ausagi ; a single thick-
ness of c. palle; a double
thickness of c. ribe, ribi, rubi;
a narrow strip of c. fari ; a
blue pepper and salt pattern
c. zabako, saki, sivaki; a narrow
silken line in c. barage; a
breadth of c. between two
seams chiki ; a professional
42
cloth-measure
52
c. hammerer mubugu, mu-
bugi, mabugi; see also
barbaro, hamakuku, mai-san-
da-a-chi-goriba.
cloth-measure, n. cubit kdmu;
8 kdmu = l zane, the last =
about 15 ft.; a short length
of cloth kyalle.
clothe, tr. v. sitira, sutura and
sitirta, tufata, tufasad da',
sa (lit. to put on or upon),
e.g. to put on one's clothes
sa riguna ; e.g. the brokers
who have made unjust profits
shall be clothed with gar-
ments of fire dillalaifa masu-
riba da kura a sa ma su
riguna wuta.
Clothes, n. (i.e. clothing) tu-
fuwa; coll. tufa as well as
its pi. tufqfi; riguna; spec.
beautiful c. sutura, sitira,
haiba*, abin rufa', fine, ex
pensive c. kambi* ; old c
keso, tsumma, ragga (S.).
clothing, n., e.g. fine c., beauti
ful c. ; cf. prec.
Cloud, n. habaki*, pi. habaka
special names are: movin a
c. gtigije, giryiJ 6 ' girigiji
small white, still clouds lum
shi; a c. that produces
shower zirnaniya, jitau
clouds coll. gajimare, gash
mare* ; to rise in clouds lik
smoke tiirnike-, the dus
cocoa-nut
rose in clouds kura ta tur-
nike.
loudy, adj. expr. by da with
prec., e.g. da lumshi.
loven, particip. rababbe, fern.
rababba, pi. rababbu.
cloves, n. coll. kanumfari,
kanunfari, hanchin kade
(S.). *
club, n. gwami, guduma, pi.
gudumai; a c. for throwing
kere.
coal, n., see charcoal,
coat, n. 1. riga.
2. c. of mail made of cloth
and padded with cotton, wool,
etc. lifidi', a white cloth c.
gwado.
coaxing, lalldshi, rarrashi.
cobra, (Naia nigricolis) ku-
machi, kumurchi, kwamachi,
kwamarchi, sarikin machizai.
cobweb, zaren gizo, tautauchi,
yana.
cock, n. 1. (male of poultry)
zakara,ip\. zakaru; mai-chara,
mai-chara.
2. to express precisely the
male of birds miji or namiji
(hen mache) must be used
where the gender is not
denoted by different words.
cockroach, n. kyankyaso, ka-
fata.
cocoa-nut palm, kwakwa
attagara.
coerce
53
combing
coerce, tr. v. 1. (restrain)
hana.
2. see to force,
coffee, n. gahawa, gahwa.
cogitate, v. tuna, the obj. of
thought is constr. with da or
ga.
cogitation, 11. tunane.
cohabit with, v. gamu da
mac he.
coiffure, a helmet-shaped c.
worn by women kitso.
coil, intr. v. nade intr. and
refl. to c. up nddu.
cold, n. 1. ddri, sanyi, sansan-
ya ; I feel the c. or I feel c.
ina jin ddri.
2. (catarrh) ddri, mdjina,
masassara*, mura, sanyi, e.g.
I have caught c. or a c. ddri
(or sanyi) ya kama ni ; a man
with a c. in the head mai-
shako (S.).
3. spec. c. felt at night
funturu.
4. the c. season funturu.
cold, adj. ddri, da ddri, da
sanyi \ it is c. ya yi ddri;
e.g. c. water ruwan ddri,
ruwan sanyi, sanyin ruwa,
they are c. suna da ddri ; to
be stiff with c. sandare.
colic, tsamki.
collapse, v. to afka, auka, abka.
collapse, I collapsed na fadi
reran, or nafadi warwar.
collar, n., spec, a padded cloth
collar used in war to protect
the back of the neck dagumi ;
to seize a person by the c.
dagume.
collar, to make a kalmasa,
kalmisa (S.), kalmashe.
collar-bone, alan gaba, alan
kafada.
collect, v. 1. tr. tdra, tarshe,
jibche, jibta ; spec, to c. a
debt biyo bashi, dauki bashi.
2. intr. taru, an tar a.
collected, particip. tararre,
fern, tararra, pi. tar arm.
collection, 11. (of men and
things) taro or taru, pi. ta-
rori ; tsibi ; chushe.
collector of taxes, n. jahdda*,
jekdda*.
colloquy, n. zanche.
colour, n. launi, pi. launoni,
launoka, rini or rina, jin si
(S.) ; blue c. shuni or juni*.
coloured, particip. turarre*,
fern, turarra*, pi. turcvrru*.
colt, n. dan dukushi or dan
dukushi.
comb, n. masarchi, mashachi,
matsefa,matseji,masoski,shata.
comb, c. of a cock tsoro.
comb, tr. v. gyarta, tsefe, tsatsefe,
shata or shache, tsefi, e.g. I
am combing the hair of my
head ina shata gashin kaina.
combing, tslfa.
come
54
common
come, intr. v. zo ; (used with
pronominal forms ending in
na) zuwa, zaka ; tafo or taho*,
e.g. c. to me zo or tafo ma
ni, but when used to invite
attention or cooperation yaka,
fern, yaki, e.g. c. ! let us sit
down and converse together
yaka mu zamna mu yi zanche
tare ; we came to a city mu-
ka zaka ya wani birni. Some
idiomatic combinations of c.
with preps, etc. are : to c.
about or to c. to pass faru ;
to c. at isa, ishe, iske ; to c.
back dawo, dawayo, komo,
birkito ; to c. by or acquire,
obtain samo ; to c. down
xhida, shide, sabka ; to c. in
shigo \ to c. out fito and
(with pronominal forms end-
ing in na) firjitowa ; to c.
out from ftto ; to c. quickly
sheko ; to c. to gabdto ; c.
here to me yabdtoni ; to c.
towards iso, jiryo ; to c. up
taso' } to c. up with tarda,
taras da.
comfort, n. L (satisfaction)
dadi, dadin zuchiya.
2. (consolation) hankuri,
hakuri, hankura or hakura,
sanyi or sanyin zuchiya.
comfort, tr. v. bada hankuri,
sanyaya*, e.g. he comforted
them ya bada ma su hankuri.
comfortable, to feel, intr. v.
Jin dadi, jin dadin zuchiya ;
he felt c. rai ya kwanta.
comforted, to be, (feel con-
soled) jin sanyi, I am c.
zuchiyata tana jin dadi.
coming, participial n. zuwa,
zotvwa, zakuwa; c. back ko-
mowa ; c. here tafowa ; they
are c. here suna tafowa.
command, n. (order) hakumchi,
hukumchi, abin hakumta, abin
hakumchi, kaliye, umarni.
command, v. hakumta, ha-
kumche, yin umarni, umar-
che.
commander, n. (leader, chief)
baba, e.g. tell me the name
of their c. ka fadi ma ni
sunan babansu.
commandment, n., see com-
mand.
commence, v., see begin.
commend, see approve of.
commission, 1. a c. to pur-
chase saftu, sabtu, sautu, sako,
dolashi.
2. broker's c., see broker-
age.
3. (order) izni.
commit, v. 1. (to do, to per-
petrate) yi, he committed
theft ya yi sata; one who
commits adultery mai-yin
zina.
common, adj. 1. (shared in
companion
55
completed
by all) na duka, e.g. their
common good fortune arziki
ua xn duka.
2. (defiled) haram.
companion, n. kama, pi. ka-
iitii unu, aboki, dan-uwa* \ a c.
of the same age tsar a ; a play
c. taubashi, abokin wasa.
companionship, n. tsaranche,
(/lift (S.), abuta.
company, n. taro or taru, pi.
tarori, jama'a ; in c. (together)
tare ; in c. with tare da.
compare, v. 1. gen. misalta,
kwatanta.
2. to c. by measuring
gtcalgwada or gwargwada,
gwargwado.
compass, iron, n. bukari*.
compass (mariner's), for points
of see kusuruica.
compassion, n. tausai or
tausayi, jdje, jaijaito*,jinkai,
sauna ; to feel c. jin (or yin)
tausayi.
compassionate, the, (of God)
errahimi*.
compel, v. yin tttas, sa tilas,
tilasa, tilas da, dolata, tan-
kwasa, yin wofi, e.g. you c.
me kana yin tilas or kana sa
ni tilas, I was compelled to
work an sa ni tilas aiki, I
compelled the fellow na tilasa
mutum, I was compelled an
filx da ni, if he refuses c.
him idan ya ki a sa shi tilas \
see compulsion, force.
compensate, to ramka.
compensation, ramko, ramu-
iva.
competition, takara.
complain, v. kururuta, kai
kdra.
complainant, mai-kawon kdra,
makari.
complaint, n. 1. (loud ex-
pression of grief, pain, etc.)
kururuwa.
2. (sickness) chiwo, chiwuta
or chuta.
3. (a grievance, a cause of
c.) kdra ; and so
4. (accusation, a legal term)
kdra, sara*, abin sara.
complaisance, bajinta ; to
comply with yin bajinta.
complement, n. chiko, abin chl-
kawa, yayalwachi*, kishiya*.
complete, adj. 1. chikakke, fern.
chikakka, plur. chikakku,
fdfafdta.
2. (of number) ba gaira,
e.g. a c. hundred dari ba
gaira, lit. a hundred without
deduction,
complete, tr. v. gdma, hdda*,
Ida, kdrasa ; (to bring to an
end) kare.
complete, to be, intr. chika
cf. seq.
completed, to be, chika, kare;
completely
56
often used at end of composi-
tions, stories, etc., e.g. the
song is c. waka ta chika.
completely, atattare, kap.
completion, n. chikawa ; note
of c. placed at end of com-
position iyaka.
compose, tr. v. 1. (of an
author) walla/a, yi.
2. (to settle or decide a
dispute) sada, raba.
comprehend, v. (to under-
stand) yin fahimta, ji.
compress, tr. v-. matse, matsi,
mache, dankara*.
compressed, to be, intr. and
pass, matsu.
compulsion, abin tilas ; under
c. tilas, da tilas ; it was a
case of c. wofi ya shiga.
compute, v., see calculate,
comrade, n. kama*, pi. ka
mannu*, aboki, pi. abokai,
abokin wasa.
conceal, tr. v. rufe, rufi or
rife*; boye, boyi, intens
bobboye, jiche (8.), tyfa (K.)
sulla ; kawaichi, e.g. a crime
to c. oneself, to hide boya or
boye, also with kai, e.g. he
concealed himself under the
leaves ya boye kansa ddga
kalkashin sansami ; to c
oneself (of lying in wait
fake.
concealed, particip. rufaffe
concubine
fern, rufaffa, pi. rufaffu',
boyayye, fern, boyayya, pi.
boyayyu.
concealment, n. boya, boye-
wa ; c. of defects in goods
offered for sale tadilisi ; place
of c. maboya, wurin boyewa ;
see ambush,
concede, tr. v. 1. (to agree to)
yarda.
2. (to yield up) bari, bar.
conceit, fadin kai, hini (S.),
homa(K.), tashinkai,fariya;
see pride.
conceive, tr. v. 1. (of thought)
tammaha, tamaha.
2. (of the female sex) kaifu,
samu chiki.
concern, n., see affair and
business.
concerned about, be, v. Mia
constr. with direct ace. or
with da or ga* ; ruwa used
with subst. v., e.g. you are
not concerned babu ruwan-
ka.
concerning, prep, bisa ga,
with prons. gare ; da, saba da,
sabad da, sabaddo or sabo da*,
garni da, game da.
conciliation, sdduwa.
concoct, to c. a story damre
magana.
concord, n. saduwa ; see
agree,
concubine, n. saddka, pi.
condemn
57
confusedly
sadaku, waliaya (a neglected
wife or c.), bora* ; kwarkwa-
ra, kwarakwara, makubliya,
mutumniya*.
condemn, tr. v. kdda, bdda
laifi, laifa*, kusanchi.
condemnation, n. kayaswa,
kyazwa, kaye, alhaki, lalata,
the last quite general = per-
dition.
condition, n. (state) zama, za-
manchi.
condition, to come into a, or
state zama, zam (S.).
condolence, (on any mis-
fortune other than death)
jaijaito ; c. in bereavement
ta'aziya*.
conduct, n. (habit) tsabi'a,
dabi'a letter of safe-c.
watikal (or wasikal) lamuni.
conduct, tr. v. (to lead, bring)
kai.
cone, the form of a c. zallo ;
c. -shaped da zallo.
coney, (Klip-Das), see cony.
confectionery, n. alletva, ale-
wa.
confer, v. 1. (to consult to-
gether) yin shawara.
2. (give, bestow) ba, bada.
conference, kuchi, pi. kuche-
kuche see talking.
confess, v. yin furuchi, yin
furchi, yin huruchi, banya,
dauki laifi.
confession, n. furuchi, furchi,
huruchi.
confidence, n. (reliance, trust)
amana, aminchi, aminchewa,
dangana, saduda, shaduda* ;
to have c. in dangana, dogare,
saduda, e.g. I have c. in...
ina dangana da...; we have
c. in thee mu dogare ka ;
to betray c. chinye amana,
chin amana ; to justify c. (to
be trustworthy) yin aminchi.
confine, n. (boundary) iyaka.
confined, adj. (narrow) cf.
kumchi ; to be, v. (of women)
haifu.
confirm, to tabbache.
conflagration, n. gobdra, tur-
nuka, e.g. prov. gida biyu
maganin gobdra two houses
are a provision against a c.
conflict, u.fada,fama, yaki.
conflict, intr. v. kdra, yin
kdro, e.g. this conflicts with
that ivannan ya yi kdro da
wanchan.
confluence, n. of rivers, ma-
gangami, magdma.
confounded, to be, v. damu.
confuse, tr. v. (to confound
or perplex) dame, ddma, riki-
ta, shirbata.
confused, to be, v. damu, sha
kai; he was c. ya sha kansa.
confusedly, adv. damai, mar-
bika*.
confusion
58
consul
confusion, n. damasa, mar-
bika*, damuwa, kirmiche (S.),
rigima, shirbache, purmutsi
(K.).
congeal, intr. v. chibaru, e.g.
my blood is congealed with
the cold jinina ya chibaru
sabad da dari, sandare.
congratulate, tr. v. barkata,
yaishe, yaida.
congratulation, barka.
congregate, intr. v. taru.
congregation, n. jama! a.
conjecture, to kintata ; see
suppose.
conjoin, tr. v. yama.
conjuring, rikirkida.
connections, n. coll. dangi,
danga or dayi, pi. dangogi,
kabila.
conquer, tr. v. 1. (to acquire
by war) chi.
2. (to overcome) i, i ma,
yin nasara, yin nasarchi,
kdda, kdshe.
consciousness, n. tunane (a
particip. form), pi. tunannu,
is used substantively for
thought or consciousness.
consent, n. yarji.
consent, v. yarda, bada yarji,
izni, karba, so, e.g. do you
c. 1 I do kana so ? ina
so.
consequence, n. 1. (effect),
e.g. in c. of this don wannan,
domin wannan, don haka,
sabad da tvannan.
2. (importance), e.g. it is
of no c. babu komi.
consider, v. 1. gen. tsokachi
and yin tsokachi, tuna and
tunane with da.
2. (of a council, delibera-
tion) yin shdwara.
consideration, n. (delibera-
tion) shdwara.
consolation, n. hankuri, ha-
kurchi, hankura, hakura,
hakuri, sanyin zuchiya.
console, tr. v. bada hankuri ',
to be consoled jin sanyi.
consort, n. 1., see companion,
comrade.
2. (of married people)
namiji, miji, fern. mata.
conspiracy, to form a, v.
gama*.
conspire, intr. v. yin baki
daya.
constancy, ndchi, nachiya.
constant, adj. da ndchi.
constantly, adv. ko yaushe,
kullum*, kul yaushe*, tutul,
tutur.
constellation, see star,
constrain, tr. v. tilasda (S.),
tilasa (K.) ; see compel,
force,
construct, tr. v. 1. gen. yi.
2. spec, of roads gina.
consul, n. yunsul*.
consult
59
contrivance
consult, v. 1. intr. (to deliberate)
yin shawara.
2. tr. v. yin shawara constr.
with ma, ga, da, e.g. I am
going to c. you za ni yin (or
t-it, yi) shawara da kai, sha-
Tarta, shawarche.
consultation, n. shawara,
roshi*.
consume, tr. v. 1. (used of
fire) lasa, lashe, kona*, kone*.
2. (generally) chi, chi da,
chanye, chinye.
contain, tr. v., see hold,
contaminate, tr. v. yin ka-
zamta.
contemn, kyale, see despise,
contemplate, tr. v., see con- j
sider.
contemplation, mddai.
contempt, n. reni ; an ex-
pression of c. wus, wush ; \
tsaki ; see despise,
contemptuous, adj., see j
proud,
contend, tr. v., see fight, |
strive,
content, adj. kosashe, pi. ko-
sassu j to be c. koshi.
content, tr. v. kosada, kosasda.
contention, n. (disputing) ha-
yaniya, haniya, haya-haya,
muhawara*, musuwa ; see
strife.
contentment, kwanchiyar
hankali.
contents, (that which is con-
tained) abin chiki.
contest, n., see contention.
continually, adv., see con-
stantly.
continuance, n. tabbata, tabba-
tawa, dawama, duma, dinga,
ndchi, nachiya, zama, zaman-
chi ; long c. tsawa, tsawanta.
continue, intr. v. dawama,
duma, ddda, dadi, tabbata,
tabbache, dunya, kdra* ; to c.
to exist kashi*, kashe*, ka-
sanchi; phr. we c. giving
thanks muna ddda godiya ;
I c. travelling until evening
ina yini tafiya ; they con-
tinued thus suka kdma haka,
he continued crying ya kdra
kuka.
continuing, mai-dawama, mai-
tabbatawa.
contract, 11. wahabi.
contract, tr. v. 1. (a disease)
tarda.
2. to c. the i&Gsdamrefuska.
3. intr. v. (to shrivel up)
yin yaushi, yin yoshi.
4. (to make an agreement)
see agree.
contradiction, yardama.
contribution, n. (e.g. of food)
tarbache.
contrivance, n. dabdra, du-
bdra, dibdra, chimi*, wayo y
waya, abin wayo.
contrive
60
contrive, v. wayo, wayau.
control, tr. v., see restrain,
convalescence, n. rangwame.
convalescent, be, intr. v. jin
or yin rangwame, yin dama,
wartsaka.
convenient, adj. sawaba*,
daidai-, see fit, suitable,
conversation, n. bdtu, zanche,
pi. zantatuka, zanzanche, fira,
hira*, tadi, kurga (S.), roka
(Z.), tankawa, zantawa ; hum
of c. dumi*.
converse, intr. v. tanka, tamka,
bdta, yin bdtu, yin zanche,
yin mag ana, yin tadi.
conversing, part, tankawa,
zantawa.
converted, be, intr. v. sauya,
e.g. he was c. from heathenism
to Islam ya sauya da arna
musulmi.
convey, tr. v., see carry,
convict, n. dan sadaka.
convince, tr. v. (satisfy by
evidence) hakikanta.
convolvulus, a species of
awarwaro, fdrin gamu, kafi-
boka, yaryadi, yambururu,
duman kada, yako.
convulsions, n. mijiriya
minjiriya, misiriya.
cony, agwdda, rema*.
COOk, tr. v. ddfa, dafe; c
without water tuya, soya
cooking dafuwa; to c. mea
copy
with hot stones sulala ; a
tire for cooking ivutar gdshi.
cook, n. inairddfi, mai-ddfuwa,
sarikin wuta.
COOked, be nina (S.), nuna
(K.); c. part, d&fdfe', c.
without water soyayye, fern.
soyayya, pi. soyayu ; well
c. ninanne, pi. ninannu,
nunanne, pi. nunannu, tap-
shi, tafshi, tabshi* ; c. food
ddfau.
cooking, gdshi, dafuwa ; c.
place maddfa, wurin ddfa,
wurin dafuwa; c. place on
which a pot is set murufu ;
a c. pan algidiri, alkidiri;
a c. pot with holes pierced
at the bottom madam-
bachi, madamfachi.
cool, adj. sanya, shanya, da
sanyi; c.-headedness sanyin
hali.
COOl, tr. v. sanya, shanya }
intr. v. fuche, huche.
cooled, part, sanyayye.
coop, n. akurki, pi. akurikai,
kurki, akurikin kaza.
copaiba, tree maje, kadaura.
coping stones, kalankuwa.
copper, n. jan karife (lit. red
iron), gachi ; girdle made of
c. tagula*, tugula*.
coppersmith, the c. bird ma-
kwabkwafi.
copy, tr. v., see imitate.
copy
61
cotton
a drawing etc.
copy, to c.
sifata, si/anta.
coral tree, majiriya.
cord, n. siliya, pi. siliyu or
siliyoyi', igiya, pi. igoyi or
igiyoyi, yagiya (S.) ; a c. to
tie trousers round the waist
kubaka.
coriander seed, ridi, Hdi ; oil
made from c. s. main ridi \
a plant resembling c. yaudo,
yodo (S. ).
cormorant, madundwmi*>
kazar ruwa.
corn, n. hatsi, (wheat) alkama ;
a grain of c. kwaya ; guinea-c.
dawa,q.v. te6a(S.); Egyptian
c. masara (see maize) ; a tuft
of c. geza, pi. gezuna ; an ear
of c. kube ; a pit for storing c.
tsunjiya; to rub or grind c. tu-
she, nika, daka ; reaped c. laid
in rowssankache, sangache ; a
bunch of c. kurdsa (S.) ; c.
stalks karandafi (S. ) ; a woman
who sells c. almuda (S.),
maauniya, alkwararo (S.).
corn-stalk, tip of sullai, siliya.
corner, n. kusuruwa, pi. kusur-
woyi, sukuruwa, sukumva ;
c. of a fence dungu, lungu.
corporal, mai-igiya biu, lit. the
owner of two stripes.
corpse, n. gdwa, pi. gawawaki,
mushe, matacke, fern, mata-
chiya, pi. matattu, mamachi.
corpulence, kauri, kabri, kosa.
corpulent, da kauri, ginshimi,
tunturum; to be c. kabrara-,
see fat.
correct, tr. v. (punish) foro,
horo*, wahalshe.
correct, adj. daidai, dede, na-
kwarai, fern, ta-kwarai, sdrai,
sosai, ainin ; it is c. ya yi
daidai.
correctly, adv. daidai, sosai,
kwarai, sdrai \ to count c.
kilga sdrai.
cost, n. (*price) kurdi ; what
does it c. 1 kurdinsa nawa ?
its c. kurdinsa, an tayansa,
tamaninsa.
costly, adj. da tsada ; to be c.
yin tsada.
cotton, n. kada ; c. before it has
been spun abduga, auduga;
spun c. abawa; white c. for
sewing silili (K.), silale (S.) ;
small piece of twisted c. shu-
siya; seeds of c. plant an-
guriya ; silk c. tree rimi ;
c. from silk c. tree kaderi ;
a bow string used in cleaning
c. lube (S.); a pin used in
pressing c. (so called from
a resemblance to the bida
snake) dan bida ; a c. farm
garge (S.) ; to press c. seeds
out of the pods or to roll c.
gurje, gurza } intertwined c.
staples hddan zare to clean
cotton-wool
62
covering
raw c. shiba ; to clean or
prepare c. by drawing it out
(on the masdbi) sdbi, yin
sutu ; a white c. brocade
samasadowa ; for various sp.
of cotton see bakatuka, yat-
sauri, yatabshi.
cotton-wool, sabi, tafa*.
couch, n., of a king or judge,
kardga.
COUgh, n. tari, twari, toari.
COUgh, intr. v. yin tari.
council, n.fdda, roshi*, magan-
tawa, magantirwa ; to hold
a c. yin fadanchi.
councillor, bafdde, p\.fadawa;
mafada, pi. mafadawa -, ma-
faje (K.).
counsel, n. dabara, dubara,
dibdra, wayo.
counsel, tr. v., see advise.
count, tr. v. yin kidaya, kilga,
kirga, yin lisafi.
count, n. kidaya, lisafi.
countenance, n. fuska, pi.
fuskoki or fuskuna.
counterfeiting, (coin) tsira-
riya.
country, n, kdsa, pi. kdsashe,
kdsaisai, gari, pi. garuruwa,
garigari or garigaru ; un-
inhabited c. jeji.
coupling, of animals or birds
barbara of horses, camels
etc. baye.
courage, n. mazakuta, maza-
kunta, mazakunchi, tasiri
(S.).
courageous, adj., see brave.
course, n., the c. of the world
taki-takin duniya.
court, n., c. of a king fada,
wurin shawara, fage, kindi-
gaye ; c. yard dandali ; c. of
justice fagachi, fakache* ; to
appear in c. hdlara or hallara.
courtiers, u.fadawa.
courting, n. bazaware*, shiri-
ya*.
cover, n., c. of a book bango, pi.
bangaye, banguna, tadarishi;
dish c. made of grass faifai,
pi. fiyafai or fay of ay ai ; see
covering.
cover, tr. v. rufe, rufa, rufi,
rife, ydne, yin sutura, su-
turta, turbude ; to c. up a
hole done:, to c. (i.e. to
conceal) jiche (S.), klfa (K.) ;
to be covered rufu, rurrufu;
to c. (used of horses, bulls,
etc.) yin baye, hawa.
covered, part, rufafe, fern.
rufaffa, pi. rufaffu.
covering, n., e.g. a blanket
bargo, mayafi, sutura, sitira,
maydfi, marufi, pi. marufai;
rufa, rurrufe ; the c. of a door
kyaure ; c. of skins tunku ; c.
for a horse mashimfidi, pi.
mashimfida ; temporary c. for
the night sayi, pi. sayoyi.
covet
G3
crawcraw
covet, tr. v. thahawa, yin guri,
yin kdri the coveted horse
dokin kdri.
coveting, n. hadama.
covetous, adj. da rowa, mai-
rowa, makwadaita, mai-kawa-
zuchi, marowachi, da mdda.
covetousness, n. rowwa, rowa,
kaivazuchi, tsumulmula (K.),
zowari, zwari, zari, makiva-
daichi, madda.
COW,n. saniya, pi. shanu; bush-
cow or dwarf-buffalo bauna.
pi. bakane ; a black and
white c. nordi ; an old c. the
mother of the herd sayi (S.) ;
an old lean c. guzuma ; c.-
shed turken shanu ; a c. tied
up by the feet dunguli cow-
hide kilago, kilabo, pi. kilagai.
coward, n. matsorata, matsora-
chi, lalafa*, mairaki.
cowardice, n. matsorachi.
COW-bird, or ox-pecker, charki.
cowhide, n., see cow.
COW-itch (Mucuna prurierisis),
karara.
cowry shell, n. ijiya, wuri,
pi. kurdi, kudi, kawara or
alkawara, yaya ; a large c. s.
yandi, sarmadawa ; a bag
containing 20,000 shells kesu,
kwaroro, kwororo ; a large
skin bag for cowries jika
a grass bag for holding
cowries kivasabro, kwasauro
a small c. s. ago; gambling
games played with c. s. ddra,
chacha, modi ; a faked c. s.
used by gamblers, made by
joining two shells together
so that the lips or back are
always exposed godogo ; a
girdle made of c. s. kiribi ; a
c. s. with a hole in it kuru-
man wuri a block ed-up c. s.
with hole at back filled up
likakken wuri ; to throw c. s.
in the game of chacha, sdba,
sabi*.
crab, n. kdguwa (K.), kwaguwa
(S.), pi. kagunai, kwagunnai.
crack, intr. v. tsagu ; to c. or
open (used of a wall) dare.
cracking, of the skin under
the toes, kudumbiya, kum-
budeya.
crackling, of fire babaka*.
craft, n. wayo.
crafty, adj. da wayo, mai-wayo,
mai-sane. shaitan* ; to be c.
hilata.
crakle, see starling.
cram, tr. v. (stuff) dora, dura.
cramp, n. mijiriya, mijirya,
minjiriya, misiriya.
cramped, to become, e.g. with
cold sage, gage, kage.
crane, crested c. or crown-
bird, n. goraka, gauraka,
garmaka (S.), gamraka.
crawcraw, n., see crowcrow.
crawl
64
crow
crawl, intr. v. rarrafe, rubda
(or ru/da) chiki.
crawling, n. janjiki, rarrafo.
crazy, tababbe, see lunatic,
crease, to tdkura, takure.
create, tr. v. halitta, talitta*,
halichi.
creation, halitta.
creator, n. mahalichi.
creature, n. halitta, dabba,
dabbo. pi. dabbuna, dabbobi ;
creatures talikai*.
credit, n. bashi y pi. basusuka;
one who wants to buy on c.
mai-bashi ; cf . idiom it is
to a man's c. ya chika mutum.
creditor, n. mai-bada bashi,
mabachi.
creed, n. imanchi.
creep, intr. v. rarrafe, sanda,
sanduwa, kurda* ; to c.
like a cat stealthily baya-
baya*.
cress, water c. lafuwa ; common
or garden c. labsur.
crest, of a bird tukku, tukkuwa,
tsoro, zanko, tuntu.
cricket, n., large burrowing c.
yyare ; a small species of c.,
tsanya.
crier, n. (one who cries aloud
or proclaims) babbam bade,
pi. bambadawa, dan ma^abba;
(one who calls to prayer)
mai-kiran salla, ladan.
crime, n. zamba, janaya.
crocodile, n. kdda, kddo, pi.
kddodi, kdduna or kadun-
duna.
crocodile-bird, (black-headed
plover) ladinkogi,jakin gulbi.
crooked, be fandare*, lan-
kwashe ; of a tree to grow c.
kantare.
crooked, a karkache.
crookedness, karkdta.
crop of a bird, n. maroro y
malolo, kururu, baroro.
cross, (or crossing) n. gilme*,
pi. gilmomi* or gilnomi* ; a
c. gilmen itache* ; c. beam
on top of doorway dzara.
cross, tr. v. gilma, ketare, etare,
swaba, sdba, yin ketara; capa-
ble of being crossed ketaruwa;
it cannot be crossed ba shi
ketaruwa ; to make to c. (i.e.
to ferry over) ketare da (S.),
ketaras da (K.), ketarshe (be-
fore a pron.); to c. intr.
ketaras.
crossing, n. ketara, pi. ketare-
ketare.
crossing, part, ketarewa.
cross-legged, to sit, intr. v.
tamatela, tamataila, gijirta,
ginchira (S.).
cross-ways, n. mararralxnt
hanya.
crouch, to lobe (S.), robe (K.),
raba, rabke, rafake, tdkura*.
crow intr. v. yin chdra, yin
! crow 65
kakaruko, yin kukaruku ;
cock-crow chdran zakara.
crow, n. species of, shimkake ;
white-backed c. hankdka, pi.
hankaki or hankaku.
i crowbar, ddgi.
crowcrow, n (disease) kaikai,
kazuwa a herb supposed to
cure c. kaskawani.
crowd, n. (of people) gayya,
taru, masu-tariya, runduna,
purmitsi, kirmitsi (S.).
crowding together, purmutsi.
crowing, n. chdra, kakaruko,
kakarako, kukaruku, kiki-
rikyi.
crown, to ndde*.
cruel, adj. muni, maketachi.
cruelly, adv. da muni.
cruelty, n. keta, muni, zafin
rai.
crumb, n. burugushe, burbushi,
bulbudi, barbadi, gutsura, pi.
gutsure, dicldiga, marmashi.
crupper, (of a saddle) jabaya,
jakuturi.
crush, tr. v. matse, matsa, latse,
laze, murjeki, murtsuki, murt-
sekyi, kumtata*, kuntata*.
crust, a dried c. kamzo, kanzo.
cry, n. kuka, pi. koke-koke;
kuwa, muriya, pi. muriyoyi,
kira, tsawa, tsuwa, sowa; loud
c. ufu, ihu, tsuwa tsuwa, ku-
ruruwa, rakadi, rakwato (Z.).
cry, intr. v. (cry out) yin kuka,
R. H. D.
cure
yin kururuwa, yin tsawa,
rubsa (rufsa, rafsa or rapsa),
kuka; raise a c. dora kira ;
c. for joy guda c. wares for
sale talla, pi. tallata ; there
was a c. of fire ana ta rigimar
gobara.
cubit, n. kdmu, sabi, zira'i*.
cuckoo, lark-heel c. or crow
pheasant rag on maza,
cucumber, African c. kur-
zunu.
cucurbita, n., see gourd,
cud, chewing the c. tuka.
cultivate, tr. v. noma, nomi,
nome ; cultivated land round
a town or village karkara,
karikara.
cultivator, n. manomi, pi.
manoma.
cummerbund, mulufi, malufi.
cunning, n., see craft,
cup, n. tdsa, pi. tdsoshi, gora,
pi. gorina, kwariya, koko ;
a large c. shintali, sin-
tali or shantali, pi. shin-
talai.
cup, to yin ma wani kafo.
cupboard, n. loloki*, pi. lolo-
kai*.
cupping, n. yin kafo, jiniya.
curb, n. mudu.
curdle, to daskdra; to cause
to c. daskdre.
curds, n., of milk guntsari.
cure, tr. v. warkadda ; to be
5
cured
66
damsel
cured warke; the fool is
incurable mahaukachi ba shi
warkewa.
cured, part, warkakke, fern. .
warkakkiya, pi. warkakku.
curl, intr. v. (used of a snake)
tdkura.
curls, a woman's c. dauri, taura.
current, (of a stream) igiyar
ruwa.
curse, n. la'ana, wada, wadda.
curse, tr. v. wa mugunta,
la'anta, Ictane la'anchi, zage,
bdchi, garni may you be
cursed ! tir, tww, ush.
cursed, part, la'ane, fern.
la'ana, pi. la'anu.
curtain, n. (made of fibre and
let down in front of a door-
way) tsaiwa, bunu, arsabari,
zabori, kyaure.
CUSCUS, n. kuskus*, kuskus*.
cuscus-grass, jema.
cushion, n. laferu, leferu,
laheru, pi. laferai c. placed
on a donkey akumari.
custodian, mai-riko.
custom, n. ada, al'dda, ta'ada,
tdda (S.), pi. tadodi, sabo*,
hanya*, pi. hanyoyi*, hali,
pi. hdlaye.
cut, tr. v. yanka, yanke, sare,
keta, farke, yin saisaya (or
sosaya) ; c. into small pieces
sassabe, y any ana (K.), yan-
yanka, fdfa, girtsa] c. into
strips rede-, c. round shan-
kumbu ; c. down kade ; c.
cloth shifta, shifche c. with
a hoe shema ; c. down the
harvest, girbi ; one who cuts
off the hands of thieves
birgiji.
cut, part, yankakke, fern, yan-
kakka, pi. yankakku ; sararre,
fern, sararriya, pi. sararru.
cuticle, fiska, see skin.
cutlass, n. takobi, pi. takuba,
tama, tagomas, tamogashi,
adda.
cutting off of hands (a
punishment for thieving),
yankan hannu.
cutting-up, yanyane.
cylinder, c. on which thread
is wound for use in shuttle
kwarkwaro.
cymbal, a kind of kuge.
dagger, n. cheru (S.), kanga*,
wuka*.
daily, adv. kowache rana.
dainty, he is d. over his food
shina da taran (or tadan)
abinchi.
dais, tugufa*.
dam, for catching fish labuni. j
damage, n. barna, taskdro (S.). j
damage, to barnata.
damp, n. daushi, damshi, laima, \
rima (S.).
damsel, n. yarinya, buduruwa.i
dance
dance, n. rawa, lela, zariya,
dawara ; a d. performed by
young men bauta, lela; an
inspired d. bori.
dance, intr. v. yin rawa, taka
rawa, raya, wura, yin zariya,
txalle, birkida.
dancer, a danfoto.
dancers, e.g. those possessed by
a spirit masu-bori, masu-boli.
dancing, tsalle, zariya.
dandruff, n. toto, totau, tautau.
danger, n. hatsari (K.), hadari
(S.), abin tsoro ; a dangerous
place wurin tsoro.
dangle, to wo lilo.
daring,, adj., see brave,
dark, adj. da dufu ; phr. it is d.
ya yi dufu or rana ta dushe.
darkness, n. dufu, dufuwa,
dushewa ; utter d. dufu kirin.
darn, to yin lalaftu, see seq.
darning, lalaftu, lalaptu,lalab-
tu, laplaptu*.
dart, n. hankaltih, hargi, margi
a d. used for catching fish
hdgu, zdgo.
darter, (the name of a bird,
Plotus) kazarruwa, mddun-
dumi.
dash together, tr. v. gwabra,
gobure.
date, n. (tree and fruit) dabino ;
desert d. aduwa ; a bunch
of dates zaraba* ; dates tied
up in a mat lubiya ; a species
67
day
of dark coloured d. zabiya,
pi. zabiyoyi.
date, n. (time of an event)
yayi, zamani*, lokachi*, wo-
kachi*.
daub, tr. v. ydba, ydbe, dam-
fara, shafa*, shafe*.
daubing, ydbe, pi. ydbe-ydbe.
daughter, n. diya (S.), pi. yam-
mata (for yan-mata), ya (K.).
dawdle, intr. v. yin tsaiko.
dawdling, n.fatara, tsaiko.
dawn, n. wayewa, assuba,
fudowa, fudawa; the first
glimmer of light before the
d. aljifjr, alfijir, jijiji, jijif,
jibjib let us start before the
d. tnu yi jijiji.
dawn, intr. v. waye ; the day
dawns gari ya waye or less
commonly Allah ya waye.
day, n. (the time from sunrise
to sunset) rana, ran or ra, pi.
ranuka, ranukka or ranak-
ku, used as masc. or fern.,
wuni ; a day's work wunin
aiki (twenty-four hours)
kwana, pi. kwanaki or kwa-
nukka ; to-day yo, yau ; to
stay at a place for a d. yini ;
three days ago wanshekaran-
jiya; the d. before yester-
day shekaranjiya ; yesterday
jiya ; the following d. rana
mai - zakuwa ; to - morrow
gobe, kashegari (Kats.),
52
dazzle
68
debtor
, wanshekare (S.) ; the d. after
to-morrow jlbi ; the d. after
the d. after to-morrow gata ;
the d. after gata, i.e. the
fifth d. chitta; some d. or
other ko ba dade ; the last d.
ranan gobe or ranan kiyama ;
the d. on which randa (a
shortened form of rana da)
every d. kowache rana ; all
d. rana duka; the d. on which
a child receives its name ran
suna. When d. is used with
ordinal numbers the singular
form is usually employed,
thus : three days rana uku
or kwana uku ; to do a thing
every d. dimanta. The days
of the week are : Sun. lahadi
or ladi, Mon. litini, Tues.
talata, Wed. laraba or larba,
Thurs. alhamis, Fri. aljimu'a,
jumma'a, jummu'a, aljimma,
jimma'a or jimmu'a, Sat.
assubat, assabat or assibit.
dazzle, tr. v., to d. the eyes
makamche ; the lightning has
dazzled thine eyes walkiya ta
makamche ka.
dead, a.dj. matache, fern, mata-
chiya, pi. matattu, amache,
mamachi, fem. mamachiya ;
a d. body mushe, gawa, pi.
gawawaki ; (that which has
died of itself) guba ; see die.
deaf, adj. kuruma, kurma, pi.
kurumai d. and dumb bebe y
pi. bebaye,
deaf, be, intr. v. kuruma
deafness, n. kurumchi, karum-
ta, bebantaka, tosuwa (S.).
dealer, a corn d., fem. maau-
niya.
dear, adj. (costly) da tsada ;
to be d. tsadanta ; (beloved)
masoyi, fem. masoya, pi.
masoyu, lele, abin kamna* ;
to be d. yin tsada.
deamess, n. (high price) tsada.
dearth, n., see want,
death., n. mutuwa, machewa,
rasuwa, jinkiri*, mata*, (lit.
last sleep) makarin barchi \
a natural d. mutuwar Allah ;
sudden d. saukin mutuwa ;
the angel of d. (lit. he who
separates) marabiwa.
death-watch, (insect) gunda>
gumda, kichichiya.
debt, n. bashi, pi. basusuka,
ramche, ranche ; to pa} 7 a d.
biya bashi to get into d,
chi bashi; to recover a d.
biyo bashi, bim bashi ; surety
for payment of a d. lamuni,
phr. he is in my debt shinw
da bashina or ina bin set
bashi.
debtor, n. mai-chin bashi, mai-
karban bashi, mai-daukan
bashi, mabachi, mabarcfa
(KA
decapitation 69
decapitation, kunkurus, ku-
runkus, kurungus, kungurus.
decay, to ruba, riba.
decayed, rubabbe, pi. rubabbu.
deceit, n. munafuchi (S.),
manafuchi, munafichi (K.),
munafuki, barkwanchi, riki-
chi, ha'inchi, wayo, Idbo*,
rudi*, yaudara, algus, algusu,
algushi, rigingini, zankam
(K.); (lit. two hearts) zuchiya
biyu.
deceitful, adj. marikichi, mai-
rigingini, mai-zalumchi, mai-
algus, mai-algusu, azzalumi,
marude, mai-rude, pi. maruda,
mai-yaudara.
deceitfully, adv. da zalumchi ;
to treat d. yin zalumchi ; to
act d. rikiche.
deceive, tr. v. ruda, rudi, rude;
chuchi, chuche, yaudara, sha-
mata, shamache, zantara, hdge.
deceived, be, v. rudu, rude.
deceived, part, rudadde, fern.
rudadda, pi. rudaddu.
deceiver, n. marude, mai-rude,
see deceitful.
decide, tr. v. (of a judge) raba,
yanka shari'a, yanka magana.
deck, to sitirta, suturta.
declaration, e.g. before a
judge, biyayya.
declare, tr. v. hadichi, labarta,
habarta, facia, d. openly
bayana, bayena, chashe ; d.
degrade
positively furuchi, furchi,
hurchi, hurta.
decline, v. (grow less) karkdta,
rage ; the day declines rana
ta tawaya, see decrease ;
(refuse) ki, kiya.
decorous, adj., see becoming,
decrease, n. rdguwa.
decrease, tr. v. ragi, rage,
tawaya, tauwi ; intr. v. ragu,
tawaya, tawayo, tauwi, tauye,
kasas da.
decree, n. ajali*.
deed, n., see act.
deep, adj. da zurfi, mai-zurfi ;
a d. place (usually with water
in it) gulbi, pi. gulabe.
deer, n., see antelope,
defect, n. Idhani, aibi, aibu ;
see blemish,
defence, kdriya, datsiya*.
defend, tr. v., see guard,
defer, tr. v.fdsa.
defiance, tamanya, tamayya
(S.).
defile, tr. v. tozarta, kasanta,
kazamtad da; see pollute,
defraud, tr. and intr. v. chin
kura, chin riba, sdfa (S.),
zantara; one who defrauds
maizamba, mai-chin kura ;
see cheat,
defy, to harzuka ga, hasala
ga.
degradation, kankanchi.
degrade, to maida baya.
dejected
dejected, see disheartened.
delay, n.fdshi, yauchi, dadewa,
indainda, jinkiri; without
d. babu fashi.
delay, intr. v. yin fdshi, yin
yauchi, wanzu, dada ; to
d. to deliver a message ida
labari ; he delays to come ya
yi nauwa or ya yi yauchin
zakuwa ; to d., tr. fdsa.
deliberate, intr. v. yin sha-
wara.
deliberately, adv. da gangan.
deliberation, n. shdwara, pi.
shawarori, shawaruna, shd-
warwara ; place of d. wurin
shdwara.
delicacy, a abin marmari.
delight, tr. v., see please.
delirious, adj.,d. persons masu-
bori, masu-boli, yan-bori.
deliver, tr. v. (give over) bada,
bashi, yarda; (save) cheto,
cheche, tsiras da, tsirad da,
tsarda, chira, kwache, kwashe.
deliverance, n. cheto, tsiraro,
machechiya, tsira, fansa,
pansa, hansa.
delivered, be, v. haifu.
deliverer, n. machechi, pi. ma-
cheta.
demon, n. aljan, aljani, fern.
aljana, pi. aljannuor aljinnu,
jinnu; bori, pi. boruruka,
boruruwa.
demonstrate, to yin tabbas.
70
desert
demonstration, gaye.
denial, n. (dispute in which
something is denied) gar-
dama, musu, jayaiyya.
deny, tr. v. musu, hana*, ki.
depart, intr. v.fita, rdsu, rabu>
hard.
departure, n.fUa.
deposit, n. amdna, karo, la-
muni* ; to steal a d. chin
amdna; those who steal a
d. masu-tabin amdna; a place
in which to d. anything maaji.
depression, a kwdri, kware (S. ).
deprivation, n., e.g. of goods.
wofi.
depth, n. zurfi ; he got out
of his d. ruwa ya sha kansa ;
it is out of a man's d. here
ruwa ya shake mutum a nan.
depute, to wdkala.
deputy, mdmayi, na'ibi ; see
regent.
deranged, a person, n. mai-
wauta, mahaukachi ; to act
as one d. yin raurawa.
deride, tr. v. yin ba'a, ba'a>
zunda, yin zunde.
derision, n. ba'a, zunde, zumde.
descend, intr. v. shida or
shida, shide, shido, jida >
sabka, sapka ; descend ! jldo*
descendants, zuri'a.
desert, n. (i.e. a solitary place)
ddwa, daji, sabra*, saura* >
hamdda, jeji.
desert
71
deviate
desert, (worthiness) chinchinta,
chanchanta.
deserter, n. (in war) kazum.
designedly, adv. da gang an.
desire, n. 1. (wish) so, kamna*,
maradi (S. },murddi(K.},fata ;
eager d. kwalama(K. ), kagdra,
marmari ; desires zuchiya*,
nafsi*, kodai, kwadai ; evil
d. shawa, sha'atva, guri.
2. (the thing wished for)
abinso, maradi, muradi, guri,
nu/i, nufe ; he accomplished
his d. ya chika hadama.
desire, tr. v. so, nufe, nu/i,
yin kagdra, yin fata; to burn
with d. kona, kuna*, kone,
kwadaye, lamiranta \ intr. v.
direct the d. maida kamna.
desist, intr. v. daina, dena,
bari, bar.
desolate, to make d. yin
kadaita.
desolation, n. kango, pi. kan-
gogi or kanguna \ afko, ka-
daita, risbawa, rizbawa, ruz-
gawa (S.), rubzawa (K.).
despair, tofida zuchiya.
despicable, adj., see despised.
despise, tr. v. rena, kyale, yin
tsantsani, tarsa*.
despised, part, renanne, fern.
renanna, pi. renannu, kas-
kastache, pi. kaskastu.
despising, part, renawa, reni ;
the d. of advice renin wayo, \
despoil, tr. v. (in war) yin
buruntu, chin ganima.
destiny, n. ajali, jinkiri, ku-
dira, kudura, kadara, rdbo*.
destitute, one who is, u. gande,
ffindau, gyande, fein. gyandu-
wa, pi. gyandaye, fanko, mat-
siyachi, pi. matsiyata, mayun-
wachi*, pi. mayanwata*, ko-
maro, karare ; cf . rashi, maras.
destroy, tr. v. bdta, bdche,
bachi, bdtas, haldka, afka,
fdsa, banna, yakuta, chi*.
destroyed, be, v. lalache, gur-
backe, yak ache, yamutse* \
about to be d. mai-afkawa.
destroyed, part, bdtache, fern.
bdtachiya, pi. bdtattu.
destruction, n. afko, halaka,
lalata, ta'adi, ta'ada, bdtachi.
detain, tr. v. riko } tsaida, tsai-
she, t say as da, tsere, hana.
detect, tr. v. (e.g. in a fault)
ritse, rutse.
detention, riko.
deter, tr. v., see prevent.
determined, one who is d.
mai-daurin anniya.
detour, to make a d. zaga.
devastate, tr. v. yin afko, yin
kadaita, waso.
developed, i.e. full-grown
gawurtache, fern, gawurtachi-
ya, pi. gawurtatu ; kasaitache.
deviate, intr. v. (from a straight
course) bauda, baude used
deviation
72
diligence
with hanya ; ratsa, yin raise ;
causing to d. baudewa.
deviation, raise, ratsowa.
device, n. hila, Jila.
devil, n. shaitan, shetan, shai-
tani, iblis, ibilis ; see demon,
devoid of, see without,
devour, tr. v. rida, chinye,
chanye, chingi, hadiye, rushe
(K.). '
dew, n. raba; a drop of d.
digar rdba.
dialect, yare, halshe*.
diarrhoea, n. gudawa, gudun-
daji, zawo, zawayi ; a
medicine for d. filasko.
dibble, (hoe) sungumi.
dice, n. kuri'a, karen chacha ;
a throw of d. jefan kuri'a;
to cast d. yin modi (cowrie
shells are generally used
instead of d. for purposes
of gambling).
dictation, writing from d.
shibta*.
die, intr. v. mache, machi, mutu
(this is seldom used except
to denote the past tense),
rdsu ; d. a natural death
yin mushe.
differ, intr. v. yin dabam, yin
daban, yin bambam.
difference, n. dabamchi, bam-
bamchi, bambanta, baram-
baran ; what is the d.
between this and that?
minene bambamchin wannan
da wanchanl or ina marabin
wannan da wanchan ? there
is no d. ba su bambanta ;
differences (points of vari-
ance) tsakankani.
different, adj. dabam, daban,
dabam dabam ; d. from da-
bam da, dabam ddga, bam-
bam ddga; a <1. sort iri dabam.
differentiate, to bambanta,
yin dabam.
difficult, adj. da wuya ; it is
d. to know all things abin
duniya da wuyan sani ; it is
too d. for me ya buwaye ni,
ya faskare ni, ya faye ni, na
kasa or yaji karifina.
difficulty, n. wuya ; with d.
dakyat ($.), dakyal, dakyar
/T7" \
(IV. ).
dig, tr. v. gina, gino, tona*,
haka ; d. in the ground fuda,
turbude, yasa, yashe, to dig
a new well gina rigiya ; to
dig out or clean out an old
well yasa rigiya ; d. up land
karta, kirta ; d. with a hoe
shera, hira (S.) ; d. holes,
e.g. for planting trees bisa,
bushe.
dignified, adj., a d. person
dignity, mutumchi.
diligence, n. kokari, himma,
kwazo, anniya.
diligent
73
disdain
diligent, be, intr. v. yin anni-
ya, maida himma, maida
kokari ; be d. ! ku bada
kokarinku.
diligent, adj. da kwazo, mai-
kwazo.
diligently, adv. da himma, da
anniya.
dim, to be, intr. v. dindimi,
dundumi ; to become d. dushe
or dishe.
diminish, see decrease,
dimness, n. dushe wa, dishewa ;
d. of sight makamchi, bam-
barakwai*.
dip, tr. v. tsoma, soma* ; d .
under water nuta, nutse,
nutsa to d. the head in
water yin kunduma.
dipping, (e.g. of meat in soup)
tsomi.
direct, adj., e.g. a d. path
hanya sosai.
direction, sassa, bige, guge,
waje.
directly, adv. yanzu, ko yanzu,
nan da nan.
dirt, n. guiba, gwiba, gwibi,
dauda, kazami, kazamta,
kazanta.
dirty, adj. da dauda, kazami,
fern, kazama ; to make d.
yin dauda.
disagree, intr. v., see quarrel,
disagreement, n. sabani, swa-
bani (S.), see discord.
disappear, intr. v. gurbache*,
rutsa*.
disappointed, be, intr. v. kal-
mashe zuchiya.
disapproval, a gesture of d.,
the hand being extended
and all the fingers pointed
forwards, ambola, dakuwa.
disaster, see misfortune.
discern, tr. v. ji*, gane.
discernment, n. baslra.
discharge, tr. v. 1. (fire off)
buga, halbi, harbi.
2. (send away) see dis-
miss.
disciple, n. almajiri, fern.
almajira, pi. almajirai.
discomfort, n. mako.
discontent, an exclamation of
gasa.
discontented, adj. one who is
d. matsiyachi, pi. matsiyata.
discord, n. fasadi, fasada,
kiyayya, swabani, rikichi*,
fusuma, gardama* see dis-
pute.
discount, n. jara ; a special d.
la' ada ; what d. is allowed ?
ina rangwame 1
discourage, tr. v. sake fuska
(lit. to change the face).
discover, tr. v. kaga, see find,
discussion, n. maganta, ma-
gantawa, magantirwa ; to
hold a d. yin maganta.
disdain, tr. v., see despise.
disease
distance
disease, n. chiwuta, chiwo.
disgrace, n. walakanchi ; see
shame,
disgrace, tr. v. falasa, fallasa,
palasa, kumyata.
disgust, n. kyama, see dislike,
dish, n., a large wooden d.
akushi, akoshi, pi. akussa,
jemo
a flat d. made of
plaited grass taitai ; d. -cover
(made of plaited grass) faifai,
pi. fiyafai ; the knob which
forms the top of a d. -cover
tuku, tuntu, tsoro, tukkuwa.
dishearten, tr. v. kariya
zuchiya phr. you d. me
ka kariya ma ni zuchiya, I
am disheartened zuchiyata
ta bachi; see discourage.
dishonour, n. kankanchi,
kumya*.
dishonour, to kaskasta, kus-
kunta.
dislike, n. haushi, kiyayya, ki-
yeya, kyeya, kyama see hate.
dislike, tr. v. ki, kiya, yankan
kamna, tsangwama ; they d.
him suna jin haushinsa.
dislocate, to, a bone gule.
dismay, n., see fear.
dismount, intr. v. shido, sabka,
shida kasa, jida ; see alight.
disobedience, n. kinj i, kiwuya,
shishige, tayazwa.
disobedient, he is d. shi ne
mai-kangara.
disobey, tr. v. kiji, tayas.
disperse, tr. v. kawas da,
watsa, ware, walwache, war-
watse ; disperse ! ku waru.
dispersed, wararre.
displease, tr. v. bata zuchiya;
this displeased him wannan ya
bata zuchiyarsa ; see distress.
disposition, n. (temper) hdli,
pi. halaye; good d.farinjini
(lit. white blood); bad d.
bakin zuchiya (lit. blackness
of heart) ; lalata, kafirchi f
mugun gashi*.
dispute, n. gardama, sababi,
subabi, binchlki,fusuma, swa-
bani, tsalmi, tsarmi.
dispute, intr. v. yin gardama,,
yin kokanto.
disregard, tr. v. rena, kyale f
shamuke ; see despise.
disrespectful, d. language or
' contempt of court ' ashar.
dissemble, intr. v., see pre-
tend.
dissent, intr. v., express d. by
turning the head away kauda,
kai, girgiza kai.
dissimulation, riya.
dissolute, adj., see profligate.
dissolve, 1. tr. v. narke.
2. intr. v. narku.
distance, n. nesa, nisa, (aloof-
ness) nesanta; to place at
a d. nesanta ; to keep a d.
from nesanchi, nisanchi; a.
distant
75
measure of d. (as far as the
eye can reach) jetaka* ; I
saw him from a d. na hange
shi ddga nesa.
distant, adj. ddga nesa, da nesa,
nesa ; d. from nesa ddga.
distinct, adj., see different.
distinguish, to kebe, kebanche,
kebanta, rarrabe ; it was im-
possible to d. between ba
a rarrabe.
distorted, amurgude.
distrain, to wdshe.
distress, n. nawdya, wuya,
wahala,matsiyachi,matsiyata,
tsananta.
distress, tr. v. tsananche, sa
wahala, dawainiyasda, da-
wainiyashe, nawdya ; that
which causes d. abin da wuya.
distressed, be, v. fargaba,
firgaba, matsu, masu, jin
wahala ; I was d. na gamu
da nawaya.
distribute, tr. v. rdba, rdbas da,
rdbas (without obj.), kaivama.
district, n. gari*, wuri*, gun-
duina (S.).
distrust, tofarga*, tsangwama.
ditch, n. ganwa, wuriya.
dive, intr. v. nutsa (K.), nuto
(S.), nutse, nitso, ninkdya,
auka.
divide, tr. v. rdba, rdbi*, ra-
bas da, rarrabi, rarraba, kdsa;
to d. in half bar a.
divided, be, intr. v. rdbu,.
warwari, wawari.
divided, part, rababbe, fern.
rababba, pi. rababbu ; marar-
raba.
divination, duba.
diving, n. nata.
division, n. rdbo, rdbu, pi.
raberabe ; mararrabi ; the
dividing point of two roads
mararrabin hanya ; d. of a
town (within the walls) shiya,
unguwa, pi. unguwai or un-
guni*; d., i.e. allotted portion,.
fasali.
divorce, n. sakeiva, shlki, yayi*
divorce, tr. v., d. a woman
shika, saki, kore all followed
by mache.
dizziness, jiri.
do, tr. and intr. v. 1. (act) yi
aiki.
2. (accomplish) yi, i, yiwa>
iwa, yiwo, iwo, wa, aiki.
3. (succeed) yi.
4. to do a thing once tdba.
5. to labour at aikata ; phr.
it is done an yi shi, it does
(i.e. it is satisfactory) ya yi;
I never did so ban tdba yin
haka ; can it be done ? shi
yiwul: it cannot be done ba
shi yiwuwa ; which way did
he go ? wanne waje ya yi 1 na
yi I did, is often contracted
into nai.
doctor
76
drain
doctor, n. mai-mdgani, atta-
bibi*, likita* ; a quack d.
boka, pi. bokaye.
dog, n. kdre, f. kdriya, pi. kar-
nuka, auzu ; house d. kdren
glda; wild hunting d. kyal-
kechi, karkechi, kyarkyechi,
kirikinji, kilikinji; a mad d.
mahaukachin kdre.
dollar, n. ddla (usually applied
to the Austrian Maria
Theresa d.), riyali, liyar,
madafa*.
dominion, n., see kingdom.
done, part., see do.
donkey, n. jaki, fern, jakanya,
pi. jakai, jakkai or jakuna ;
d.'s pad Idheru, laferu-, for
names of various species of
donkeys, see ass.
door, n. kofa, pi. kofofi, ko-
funa or kofai ; kofal gida,
garfibu ; doorway bdkin kofa ;
a mat made of grass or
reeds let down in front of
doorway tufaniya, arsabari,
askuniya, marufin kofa,
tsabore, zabore, bunu, pi.
bunai, kyaure. tsaiwa, tsa-
waya\ a d. made of corn
stalks kwadabe (S.); d. post
kwabrin kofa, kulkin kofa ;
pole or bar to keep the d.
shut mataushin kofa, ma-
dogara, gagarabado ; door-
keeper sarikin kofa ; ad.
made of palm planks kyauren
kyami.
dot, n. (e.g. the d. placed
above or below a letter) guda
(S.) ; the large d. placed
below the line to denote the
sound e yamald*, imala*.
doubt, n. zuchiya biyu (lit.
two hearts), tambaba, kokanto,
tantama, zulumi, zalumi,
zato, shakka ; without d. babu
wawa, babu shakka, babu
shak, babu tambaba ; an ex-
pression of d. wai.
doubt, intr. v. yin (or da)
zuchiya biyu, yin tambaba,
yin tantama, yin shakka,
hasashi, hasashe.
dough, n. gaya.
dove, n. kurchiya, pi. kurdche,
kurchiyoyi ; ring d. wala, pi.
walu, aguwa : red-eyed d.
hasbiya, hazbiya \ bronze-
winged d. gar da, ; long- tailed
African d. bardo ; a rock d.
jdba dutsi.
down, adv. a kasa, a kas ; to
put d. sako.
down, n. (of birds) sabon
gashi.
dowry, n. gdra, baiko.
doze, to gyangyadi, yin angaje.
drag, tr. v. janye, jaye ; see
draw.
dragon-fly, masu*.
drain, (ditch) uiuriya.
drake
drake, n. zakaran, dumya, sa
kaza.
draw, tr. v. ja, jajaya, kak-
kare, karkare ; to d. forth or
out Jisge, fizge, fusge, fisJishe,
zara, tabe, tabi, sakatta, saka-
che ; tod. towards oneself jawo,
zaro ; to d. after one jaka ;
d. a line or a furrow kirta,
karta; to d. strokes zdna;
to d. a sketch slfata, sifache;
to d. out sabule ; d. a sword
zara, zari to d. the foot on
the ground murjeki, mur-
tsiki ; to d. water jan ruwa,
gugana, debe ruwa, debo ruwa,
dauka ruwa ; to d. near
duno*; to d. back jayi ; to
d. out, e.g. from water tsamo.
drawer, n. akodi*, sanduki*,
sanduki*.
drawing, (sketch) sifa.
dream, n. mafalki (S.), mafarki
(K.).
dream, intr. v. yin mafalki.
dregs, n. gwiba, gwibi.
dress, n., gorgeous d. daraja ;
see clothes.
dress, tr. v. (put on clothes)
sa ; d. leather jemi ; d. meat
feda nama.
dressed, part, (prepared) gyar-
tachche, fern, gyartatta, pi.
gyartattu.
dresser, n. (of leather) majemi,
mai-jima.
77 droop
dried, part, kekasashe, fern.
kekasashiya, pi. kekasassu,
busashe, busheshe, bushebushe,
sanyaye, shanyaye, fern, shan-
yaya, pi. shanyayu ; dried-up
tree kalun itache, kwaurin
(or kwabrin) itache*,
drill, to d. soldiers birga.
drill, of soldiers rawa*.
drink, n. abinsha ; a d. made
of honey, pepper and water
betso, baiso* ; a d. made with
flour, etc. koko; an intoxi-
cating d. made from guinea-
corn giya ; drinking-water
ruwan-sha.
drink, tr. v. sha, shawo, shanye,
shanya, shay a ; to d. greedily
dirki ; to give to d. shadda,
shayad da, shayas da ; it is
undrinkable ba shi shayuwa.
drinking, n. sha, pi. shaye-
drippings, e.g. from trees ru-
wan ganye.
drive, tr. v. (d. away) kora,
kore, koro, f am/are, i ma, iza,
ije, yin artai ; d. to a distance
nesanta; d. away in disgust
kaskasta, kuskunta; d. out
fishe, fishshe.
driver-ant, n. kwarkwasa,
kwalkwasa.
driving, n. (away in war)
artai, kora.
droop, to lankwasa, lankwashe.
drooping
78
dum-palm
drooping, lankwaso.
drop, n. diga, dugo, pi. dugogi,
ddso, darso, tarfi ; a d. of
dew dug on raba.
drop, tr. and intr. v. 1. (pour
out by drops) tarfi, tarfa, yin
darshi; it is dropping yana
diga.
2. (let fall) saki, tsaga,
kubche.
3. intr. v., see fall,
dropping, n. digo.
dropsy, n.fara.
dross, n. (scum of metals)
kashin tama, kwam makera.
drought, n.farin yunwa,fari*,
firi, furi.
drown, tr. v. gangante*, nitsa-
she*; intr. v. nitso, sha ruwa ;
he was drowned ya sha ruwa.
drum, n. kida, kidi, kalango,
kurkutu (S.), kuntukuru* ;
a large d. ganga, pi. ganguna,
banga, dundufa, gangami,
jdmi* \ a small d. bishi ; a
d. shaped like an hour-glass
held under the arm, covered
with skin in front but open
behind kotso, koso,jauje.juje
a d. made out of a gourd
talle ad. with pointed
bottom carried in a royal
procession tambari ; a stringed
d. open at one end kuriya,
kwuriya ; the sound of a d.
wasa*, girib large d. used
by a king tajini ; see tafashe
(S.).
drum, intr. v. yin kidi, yin
wargi*, kankada, kida.
drummer, n. makidi ; a
mounted d. masarchi.
drumming, n. kidi, pi. kide-
kide ; (accompanied by danc-
ing) kidin dambe, garaya.
drum-stick, makidi, makadi.
drunk, to be yin maye, bugu ;
par-ticip. bugage.
drunkard, n. mashayi.
drunkenness, i\..hajijiya,maye.
dry, adj., see dried,
dry, 1. tr. v. kekashe, kekasa,
bushe, sanya, shanya, kdfe;
put out to d. sanyato, jibe ;
to d. in the sun bdri* ; to d.
meat before a fire kyafa,
kyapa.
2. intr. v. shekare ; to d.
up (used of a well) kafe,
(wither or d. up as water)
tsotsa*.
dryness, kekasa.
dry season, n. rani.
duck, n. kazan yariba, agwa-
gwa ; small water d. jalili ;
African tree d. kirinjijiya ;
comb of a d. dani.
duck, v., to d. the head kauche
kai.
dumb, (d. and deaf person)
bebe, pi. bebaye.
dum-palm, n., see palm.
dun
dun, to d. a person for debt
bi.
dung, n. kdshi, taki, artai,
najasa, najasu, gaitsi, toroso,
taroso, tutu, tsura, tsula (S.) ;
d. of cows or camels kandilu ;
d. hole saiga, pi. salgagi,
sarga, salanga (Zanf.), bay an
gida*, kwarkware ; d. hill
jujai, jibji, birbizo, bizo (S.).
dungeon, n. kurkuku, see
prison.
duration, matsayi.
during, prep, chikin, a, da, ga,
muddar ransa d. (or all) his
life.
dust, n. kura, toka*, pi. to-
kuna* ; d. storm gugmva,
holoko, huluku.
dwarf, n. wadd,em. wadaniya,
pi. wadani, kuru. <,
dwell, intr. v. zamna, zauna.
dweller, n. mai-zamna.
dwelling, n. mazamni, ma-
zauni, wurin zamna, shigifa,
pi. shigifu or shigifoft.
dye, n. rina; a black d.
kwaloko* ; a reddish d. ga-
lura ; a yellow clay used as
a d. for women's faces ddla ;
a red d. majigi.
dye, tr. v. rini, rina, yin tabsa,
tura, yin turi ; d. pit marina,
pi. mdrinai, karqfi (K.); a
place where clothes are
beaten when being dyed
79 early
mabugiya owner of a d.
pit or dyer mdrim, pi. ma-
surini.
dyed, part, rinanne, fern, rin-
anna, pi. rinannu, turarre,
fern, turara, pi. turaru.
dyeing, tabsa, tausa, turi, tu-
ranta, yanayi.
dyer, n., see dye.
dysentery, n. gudun daji,
gudun dawa, zawo, anago,
ana gudawa, atuni ; medicine
for d. domashi.
each, pron. adj. kowanne, fern.
kowache; e. of us kowan-
nenmu ; e. of them kowan-
nensu.
eager, adj. da kwardka.
eagerness, n. kwadayi, kodai,
kwada*, kwardka; see desire.
eagle, n. jisasa (K.) ; crested
e. angulun kwakwa; white-
necked e. gagdfa.
ear, n. kunne, pi. kunnuwa;
hollow behind the ear geto,
gato ; wax in the e. kwanyan
kunne, daudan kunne ; to
erect the ears kere ; to turn
back the ears lafe ; e. of corn
kube, zangarniya, zangarko ;
e. of gero cooked for eating
tumu.
early, adv. wuri, da wuri,
dauri ; very e. wuri wuri ;
e. in the morning sassafe,
earnest money
80
egret
fudowa, fudawa, tangarai,
assuba ; e. or an e. start
samako, sammako.
earnest money, n. amdna*,
shigam biya.
earth, n. 1. (the world) duniya.
2. (soil) kdsa, pi. kdsashe,
kdsaisai, turbaya, turda (S.)'
very hard e. tsandauri.
earthquakes, raye-rayen duni-
ya.
earth-worm, tana, pi. tanu.
earwig, tsatso.
easily, adv. babu wuya, ba da
wuya ba, sannu*, da sauki.
east, n. gdbas, gdbaz* ; one who
comes from the e. bagabasi.
eastward, adv. gabachi.
easy, adj. that is easier ya ft
sauki ; see easily.
eat, tr. v. chi; to e. greedily
chanye, chinye, rushe (K.),
ginsu, gundura, yin hamfude,
hamfudi, gamba, chingi, da-
gwiya; to snatch in order
to e. rida ; anything to e.
abinchi ; plenty to e. zari,
zowari, jibgi, lashe ; that
which is good to e. tu-
tushi \ to give to e. chida,
chishe or chiyad da; eating
a little at a time chiye-chiye \
cf. prov. to eat a little at a
time is better than to eat
up all at once chiye-chiye ya
ft chainyewa-, eating in secret
kurmusu; one who hides him-
self in order to e. mai-kur-
musu.
eavesdrop, to Idbe.
eavesdropping, rafake.
ebony-tree, kainya, kaiwa.
echo, n. kuruwa, koguwa*, jeji
ya amsa.
eclipse, n., e. of the moon
husvfi (Ar.), kamunwata, du-
shewa ; e. of the sun kusuft.
ecstasy, n. hauka, haukachi*.
edge, n. kauye, kowi, kawachi* ;
(of stream) refe, kauyen ruwa ;
(of a knife) kaift (of a sword)
bdki ; (of cloth) lafe, laji ;
madaji*, chinkai*.
edged, adj. (sharp e.) da kaift.
educate, tr. v. yin reno*,foro**
education, n. Iddabi, karatu*.
effective, mai-anfdni.
egg, n. kwai (kwoi), kwan.
kaza, pi. kwanyaye ; e. shell
kwasfa, kwasta, pi. kosfoft t
kwasfoftj kambori, bambaroki,
bawon kwai; a bad e. dunge;
yolk of e. gwabduwa, kwabdua,
gwanduwa; a hen laying eggs
dakwalwa; to lay eggs kanya
kwai, aje kwai, ajiye kwai
(K.).
egg-plant, gauta, yalo.
egret, zarbi, zalbi ; the great
white e. or heron farin zarbi ;
little e. balbela, badbila, bil-
bila.
Egypt
Egypt, n. Masar, Mazar* ; the
inhabitants of E. masarawa.
eight, adj. takwas.
eighteen, adj. goma sha ta-
kwas, sha takwas, ishirin
biyu babu.
eighth, adj. na-takwas, fern.
ta-takwas; one e. sumuni.
eighty, adj. tamanin.
either, adj. ko; e.... or ko...
ko ; walau*.
elaeis guineensis, n. (= oil
palm) kwakwa.
elapse, intr. v. (of time) shige ;
see finish.
elasticity, yauki, yabki.
elbow, n. kusuruwan hannu,
sukuruwan hannu, diddigin
hannu, gwiwar hannu; from
the e. to the shoulder damtse,
damchi, pi. damatsa or da-
mutsa.
elder, e. brother wa, pi. yeye ;
e. sister ya.
eldest, adj. babba*, danfari.
elect, tr. v., see choose,
elephant, n. giwa, pi. giwaye ;
a young e. parma; male e.
toron giwa, toro ; trunk of e.
hannun giwa; tusks of e.
(i.e. ivory) hakorin giwa.
haurin giwa.
elephantiasis, n. gugi, maku-
lashe.
eleven, adj. goma sha day a,
sha daya.
R. H. r>.
81
encamp
eleventh, adj. na-goma (fern.
ta-goma) sha daya,
else, see other,
emaciated, part, a rame, ra-
mamme ; see lean,
emancipate, tr. v. yanchi,
bada diyauchi.
embankment, Idbuni.
embark, intr. v. haujirigi.
embarrassment, fulako, see
shame.
embezzlement, ha'inchi,
embrace, tr. v. runguma, run-
gume.
embroider, tr. v. yin sharaba.
embroidered, (e.g. trousers)
mai-surfani.
embroidery, n. tindumi, shara-
ba ; e. on a shirt algaba, aska ;
e. on front of a tobe kunkun-
gaba, gudungaba, mumbari.
embryo, tayi (S.).
emerald, n. zumurruz*.
emetic, n. katala.
emir, n. amiru, amiri.
emperor, n. sultan.
emphasize, to karfafa.
employment, safara (S.).
emptiness, n. wofi, yofi (S.).
empty, a place that is e. kango,
pi. kangogi or kangaye.
emulation, n. kishi, kishiya,
pi. kishiyoyi, gdsa.
enable, tr. v., see help,
encamp, intr. v. shida, shide,
sapka. sabka, sauka.
6
encampment
82
entice
encampment, n. sansani, zan-
go, tvurin sabka.
enchantment, sihiri ; see
sorcery.
encircling, n. kewaya, kewayo.
enclosure, n. (for cattle, etc.)
garke, garge (S.), sayi ; see
fold,
encompass, tr. v. (e.g. a town
in war) rize.
encounter, tr. v. gama da,
gamu da, tariye.
end, n. kdre, karko, makari,
makare, karshe, makoma ;
(boundary) iyaka.
end, 1. intr. v. kdre, tsaya,
tsayi, mutu*, yamutse; come
utterly to an e. karkare.
2. tr. v. wanya, wanye,
wanyi, kdre; (e. conversation)
yanke may ana the affair is
ended ya kare.
endeavour, n. kokari.
endeavour, intr. v. yin kokari;
one who endeavours mai-
kokari.
ending, karewa, karko, tukewa.
endurance, tasiri (S.), see
courage.
endure, 1. tr. v.jimri, daure.
2. intr. v. (suffer) dauri ;
(continue) yin karko, dada,
dadi.
enduring, part. 1. (lasting)
dadewa, matabbdta.
2. (suffering) see patient.
enemy, n. abokin gaba, makiyi,
pi. makiya, mai-kinji, magab-
chi.
enfranchise, tr. v., see free.
English, adj. wherever the
word is known the form
Ingliz or Ingilis borrowed
from the Arabs of N. Africa
is used ; an Englishman
would be mutum Ingilis.
engrossed, to be e. in anything
shagula, natsu.
enjoy, tr. v. sha*, chi* ; to e.
the shade sha inuwa.
enjoyment, n. murna, abin
murna ; see joy.
enlarge, tr. v. fadada, yin
girma.
enmity, gaba, zaman.
enough, n. da ya isa, buss, kul ;
to have e. koshi ; one who has
eaten e. kosashshe, pi. kosas-
su ; it is e. ya isa, ya koshi*.
enquire, see inquire.
ensign, n. tuta, pi. tutochi.
enslave, tr. v. maida bawa,
bautad da ; to be enslaved
shiga bauta.
ensure, to wajabta, see certain.
entangle, to nanade, dane*,
jiche (S.), kifa (K.), surmuka ;
to become entangled sarke.
enter, tr. v. (go in) shiga;
(come in) shigo cause to e.
shigas da.
entice, tr. v. rude..
entire
entire, adj., see complete,
entirely, adv. kap- y see also
faye and fi.
entrails, yan chlki.
[ entrance, n. (aperture) kofa
e. room (e.g. to palace) dan-
dali.
entrap, tr. v. yin hako, yin
tarko.
entreat, tr. v. biko, roko.
entrenchment, n. kdgara,
kdgaruwa, pi. kdgaru, san-
sani.
entrust, tr. v. bada, yin sabtu,
danka.
enumerate, to lisafta, lisalta,
lasalta, lisabta, lisanta.
envy, n. keta, kiyaiya, kishi,
kishiya, hdsada, haushi.
enwrap, duntsa, duntse.
epilepsy, n. falfada (S.), far-
fada (K.\farfadiya.
equal, adj. sosai, daidai, tan-
gam, tangas-, to make e.
daidaita, yi ya ; to be e. isa
a thing which is e. to abin
gamawa- this is e. to that
waiinan ya yi ya wanchan.
equal, (fellow) tsar a, p].tsarare.
equality, sauwi.
equivalent, n. wato*, watau*.
erase, tr. v. yin maimai, shafa,
kankara.
srect, tr. v. tashe, tada.
3rr, intr. v. manta, mancke, kus-
kure, saba.
even
errand, n. sako.
error, n. mantuwa, kure, sabo.
eructate, to yunkura.
escape, n. place of e. uwrin
tsira.
escape, intr. v. fichi, furche,
tsira, gudu, kurchi, kurche,
kubche, subuche, subiche.
escort, n. m%(S.), rdko (K.),
kuto.
escort, tr. v. yin rakiya, raka,
rdki, rake, roma*.
espy, to hanga, hangi, hange,
hango ; I espied him afar na
hange shi ddga nesa, he was
the first to e. me ya hango ni.
establish, to tuturta, kafa.
established, part, (firmly fixed)
tabbatachche, fern, tabbatach-
chiya; kdfa/e,fem. kafaffiya,
pi. kdfaffu.
esteem, n. hasafi.
estimate, tr. v. kauwama,
kawamata*, kimanta.
estrangement, n. rabuwa.
eternal, adj. hot (orhar) abada.
eunuch, n. babd or babani, pi.
babdnni, laihi, marmdta,
euphorbia, n. kumkumiya,
fidda-sartse, kyarana, tinya.
European, n. ba-Ture, pi.
Turawa*.
evade, to zuke.
even, adj. 1. (smooth) da samtsi.
2. cf. e. or odd chika ko
mara.
6-2
even
84
excel
even, adv. ko ; e. now ko yanzu.
evening, n. mareche, maraiche ;
yamma ; late e. almauru,
almuru, magarub, magariba,
mangariba, lisha, cf. under
rana; in the e. da mareche,
da yamma:, phr. I continue
travelling till e. ina yini
tajtya, it is e. mareche ya yi;
to depart in the e. maraita.
eventually, adv. yauyau, yo-
yo.
ever, adv. 1. (at any time) da-
dai, taba, e.g. have you ever
seen him 1 ka taba ganinsa 1
have you ever been to
Sokoto? ka tdbaje Sakwato ?
2. (for ever) tutul, tutur,
tutu, tutuk, tutut, hal (or
har) abadd.
everlasting, adj. matuturchi,
madawami*, matabbatawa*.
every, adj. duka, duk, kullum*;
everyone kowa, kowanne,
fern, kowache, pi. kowddanne,
see Gr. p. 18 ; everything
duka komi, dukaehin komi,
komi ; e. day kowache rana ;
e. morning kullum safe ; e.
night kullum dare.
everywhere, ko'ina.
evil, n. abin mugu, bannai,
mugunta, shara, shariri,
gay a*, swabo, zunufi; zun-
ubi*, e. desire sha'awa; e.
disposition lalata, mugunta,
kqfarchi, kafirchi ; e. thought
bdkar zuchiya ; e. spirit ibilis ;
e. speaking annamimi ; e.
principle existing in the
world duniya* ; e. doer mai-
swabo ; to e. intreat kan-
kanta.
evil, adj. mugu, fern. mugunya f
pi. miyagu, mummuna* : see
bad.
ewe, n. tumkiya, pi. tumdki.
exact, adj. sarai.
exactly, rab, rap ; it fits e. ya
kama rab.
exactly, adv. tangas.
exaggerate, gina waiwai, yal-
wata labari.
exalt, tr. v. daukaka, daakake,
maida girma.
exalted, part, (epithet applied
to God) ta'ala, madaukaka.
examine, tr. v. dandana*, dan-
dani* ; see look at.
example, n. koyi, nuni, koko-
ya* ; his e. kokoyansa.
exceed, tr. v. buwaya, buwaye,
fi, zoba (S.) ; dada* ; e. in
strength gargara, gagara.
exceed, to e. in (have much
of) yawaita.
exceedingly, ainin.
excel, intr. v. faye, ddra (S.),j
yin fifiko, gota, girme ; to e.
in size gofa who excelled
the other ? wanene ya
wani?
excellence 85
excellence, n.fiyayya,fiyayye,
flko, kayatazwa, kwari.
except, adv. sai, sai dai, sai ko.
excess, n. abinda ya faye,
yaiva.
exchange, tr. v. sake, yin
musaya, furfura, furfuri.
exchange, in exchange for
a bdkin, maimakin, sdbad da.
exchange, to (barter) furfuri.
excitement, n. kardya.
exclamation, n. (expressing
astonishment or incredulity)
huba, hdba, kaiya, kdsa ; (ex-
pressing doubt or grief) wai ;
words used as an e. maganar
zuchiya-, e. of annoyance kash,
gasa ; e. denoting exultation
woho, oho ; (expressing pity or
disgust) asha, hasha ; (e. to
attract attention) ihu, uhu,
ufu, yeho ; e. of welcome
mdraba; see also oho ; an e.
used in driving sheep us, as ;
e. of despair wayuniya* e. of
pleasure yauro ; see indeed,
excrescence, e.g. a swelling
guda (S.).
excuse, n. huja, yarji*, ham-
zari, hanzari ; a poor e.
gajeren hamzari ; he made
e. ya yi sane.
excuse, tr. v. gafara, yin
gafarta; phr. e. me ba ni
yarji, gafara.
executioner, n. hauni (K.).
experienced
exercise, n. to take e. (by walk-
ing) yawo, wasa jiki ; (by
riding) kilisa.
exhausted, part, sumamme ; e.
land semu* (S.).
exhibit, tr. v. nuna, nuni,
gwada, goda.
exhort, tr. v. gargada, galgada,
wajabta.
exhortation, gargadi, galgadi,
exist, intr. v. kashi, kashe,
wanzu ; see be.
expand, 1. tr. v. shimfida,
shinftda.
2. intr. v. yalwata, yin
auki, yin abki, habama*.
expansion, auki.
expect, tr. v. (to await with
expectation) jira ; (to antici-
pate) tamaha, tammaha, yin
tamaha, yin zache.
expectation, halamu, zache,
zdto ; unfulfilled expectations
tsamanin warabuka.
expectorate, intr. v. tofi, fesa,
furja.
expedition, military debe,
sa'ati.
expel, tr. v. kora, kore.
expense, n., see cost.
expensive, adj. da tsada; phr.
it is too e. ya Ji tsada or ya
faye tsada; to be e. yin
tsada.
experienced, part, gwani,
goni, pi. gwanaye.
expert
86
fail
expert, adj., see prec.
explain, tr. v. waye, nuna,
nuni, hadichij yin fassara,
fasalta, habarta* ; phr. e. it to
me ka gdya ma* ni, ambato ni.
explanation, n. wayewa, nu-
nawa, fassara, fassaranta,
azanchi.
extend, tr. and intr. v. yalwata,
see expand.
extended, be, intr. v. miku.
extensive, tafkeke*, tabkeke*.
extent, n. matsawa, matuka;
see limit.
extinguish, tr. v. bishe, biche,
kufuli*.
extract, tr. v. jawo, fisge, fizge,
fusge, fishe, fishshe, fushe ; to
e. juice etc. tatsa.
exult, intr. v. yin rdha.
exulting, n. rdha,
eye, n. ido, pl.idanu, idanduna,
idanuwa ; eye-ball kwayar
ido; e. socket gurbin ido,
gulbin ido ; pupil of e. ijiyar
ido, matsokachin ido ; eye-
brow gira, pi. girare; e.-lashes
kain ijiya ; ridge over the e.
kashin ido ; e.-glass madubin
ido ' } mucus from the e.
kwamtsa, kwamtso; diseases
of the e. hakiya, hakanya,
chizara, shawora ; cataract
in the e. tsauriyaoYtsawariya;
medicine for the eyes korino,
fidili, giwa-kamba ; a man
with deep-set eyes mai-kwar-
min ido* ; a man with only
one e. mai-ijiya na guda>
mai-kishin ido ; a blemish
in the e. lahani; watery e.
(i.e. desire) ruwan ido ; evil
e. kandu or kandun ido ;
one with evil e. maye, fern.
mayya; to put the evil e.
on anyone jifa ward da ido ;
e. witness shaidan ido ; to
have dim eyes dindimi, dun-
dumi ; to look with eyes
nearly shut yin kankanin
ido.
eye-brow, gira, pi. girori,
girai or girgira.
fable, n. tatsuniya, pi. tatsuni-
yoyi, misali, almara*, Jira*,
gdtana.
face, n. fuska, pi. fuskoki and
fuskuna, huska* ; to f. to-
wards the speaker gabdto ;
to f. in a given direction
fuskanta f . to f . fuska biyu ;
to fall on the f. fadi jiche ;
he looks one straight in the
f. idonsa kirikiri ne.
fade, intr. v. fafe, fofe, yaushi y
yin yaushi, (used of cloth)
kwaki.
fading, adj. kwaki.
fading away, part, kwdke.
fail, intr. v. (decay) rasu; (f.
to keep a promise) kuskure t
faint
87
far
kurkura ; (fall short of) kdsa,
gdza ; f . to get tdbe, tafe ;
f. to understand rudi cf.
he failed me in nothing ba
ya kdsa ma ni komi ba.
faint, adj. sumamme.
faint, intr. v. yin suma, jin
suma, suma, gaji.
faintness, n. suma, jiri, ku-
mallo, falfada (S.), farfada
(K.).
fair, adj. kyau, da kyau, mai-
kyau.
faith, n. aiman, imani, amin-
chi* ; the faith of Islam
musulumchi ; see believe.
faithful, adj. yardaji, salihi*,
pi. salihai*, mummuni, fern.
mummuna ; the f . amintattu.
faithfulness, n. aminchi.
fakir, wall (Ar.), waliyi, pi.
waliyai.
falcon, n. shafo, shako.
fall, n.fdduwa, saraya.
fall, intr. v. fddi, fdda, yin
saraya, kucha*, sako ; f . down
before anyone rusuna, run-
suna* ; f. in (used of a
well) gabche, gache, gwabche,
abka, burme ; make to f .
goche ma ; f . upon falma,
farma, parma, haye ; f . in
with tsayi, tsaya ; to let a
thing f. fdda da \ to f. in
price, yin goino* ; to f . out
with sha bambam.
falling, part, faduwa ; f. into
ruin rushewa] sound of f.
glass kilin kilin, kirin kirin ;
f. in of a well burma.
false, adj. mara-gaskiya \ to
spread f. news kwarmato, chi-
newa, tsinewa ; it is f. kariya
ne ; f. witness shaidan zur.
falsehood, n. kariya, kariya-
' chi, zur.
falsely, adv., to swear f. yin
kafara.
falsify, to kirfa.
fame, n. ydbo.
familiarity, sabo.
family, n., members of f. iyali,
uma*, dangi.
famine, n. yumua, far in yun-
wa.
fan, n. fijiche, mafuchi, pi.
mafiljichi (S.), majifichi,
mafirfichi (K.); (made of
woven grass) faifai, pl.faya-
fai; f. made of ostrich
feathers figina,figini ; (made
of palm leaves) giginya, pi.
gigangani, giginyoyi or gi-
ginai ; (for winnowing) ba-
kache, matankadi, rereya,
rairaiya.
fan, tr. v. fifita, feta, bakache ;
one who fans mai-bakache,
mafechi.
fancy (supposition) usuwasi.
fanning, Jifitd, fitara.
far, adj. da nesa.
far
88
feather
far, adv. nesa ; as far as har,
hal, har ga, tun, tun da-, to
place f. off nesanta.
farewell, n., to bid f. yin ban
kwana, yin salama ' } an ex-
pression of f. sai wata rana.
farm, n. gona, pi. gonaki or
gonakai, karkara, pi. kar-
karai; farming aikin gona]
owner or cultivator of a f.
mai-gona ; a farm lent by a
master to a slave gayauna* ;
a f. labourer who works for
wages kwadigo, dan kwadigo ;
f . work noma ; farming in
one place and living in an-
other nomijide.
fashion, n. (mode, custom)
hdli, pi. hdlaye, yayi ; rings
were the f. ana yayin mun-
daye.
fast, n. dzumi ; the f. month
labaran.
fast, intr. v. yin dzumi.
fasten, tr. v. (e.g. with nails)
kdfa ; (tie) damre, balla.
fastened, part, kafaffe, (closed)
girkakke, fern, girkakkiya, pi.
girkakku.
fastening (or loop), maballi.
fat, n. kiba, pi. kibobi, kitse,
kiche (S.), maski (S.), kauri,
kabri, gwabi; f. of meat mai.
fat, adj. da kiba, da gwabi,
mai-gwabi, da kauri, da
kabri, ginshimi, da taiba,
tunturum ; one who is f.
mai-tumbi, mai-gato, mai-jiki,
kutumba, gandi,fem.gandiya ;
to grow f. yin klba, taiba, yin
tiriniya ; to fatten kibata.
fate, n. jinkiri ; see destiny,
father, n. uba, pi. ubanne,
ubannai or ubanni, bdbd ;
father-in-law suruki.
fathom, gdba.
fatigue, n. gdjiya, gdjewa,
gajiyawa, gayara.
fatigued, to be f. gaji, yin
gajiya.
fatness, n. taiba, tiriniya.
fault, n. 1. (defect) aibi, aibu,
pi. aibobi.
2. (offence) laifi ; f . finding
bimbini.
favour, n. alheri, tagomashi.
favourite, dan tatangi ; f. wife
mowa.
fear, n. tsoro, tunzura, dimauta
(S.), tunzuruwa*, razdna,
gizo*, falgaba, fargaba, raki ;
to cause f. bada tsoro, tsoratad
da, tsorata.
fear, tr. and intr. v. jin tsoro,
razdna, rdzani, tsantsanta.
feast, n. buki, biki, idi, laiya,
adaras* ; to make a f. yin
buki.
feasting, part. (esp. used of
marriage f.) wasan buki.
feather, n. fikajike, fiffike, fika-
fiki, pi. fikaftkai ; fukafuki,
fee
89
fez
pi. fukafukai, gashi* a wing
f. lili.
fee, n. (paid by recipient of a
royal present) tukuichi, takwi-
chi ; market f. or the com-
mission paid to a broker in
the market lada; a court f.
ijara, ujera*.
feeble, adj. kumdma, marax-
karifi.
feebleness, n. kumamanchi.
feed, 1. tr. v. (to supply with
food) chida, chishe, kiwata,
chisad da, chiyar da.
2. intr. v. (to eat) kiwo.
feeding, chima.
feel, tr. v. to perceive by
touching ji, taba ; to feel
or grope for lalabe, lalaba;
to be affected ji ; to f. about
whilst searching fdfake, ma-
mare ; to f. anything in order-
to test its weight jinjini ; to
f . afraid jin tsoro.
feint, n. (pretended attack)
zanzoma.
fell, tr. v. (to cut down) sare.
fellow, n. (partner, match)
kama t pi. kamannu ; tsara,
pi. tsar are a f. traveller
maraki, marako.
female, n. (of human beings
and animals) mache, pi. mdta :
phr. male and f. wane da
wanche.
female, adj. ta-mata, ta-mache.
fence, n. damfdmi, darni ; a
f. round garden danga, pi.
dangogi ; a f . made of stalks
or thorns to keep in sheep,
etc. shinge, sJiingi, shimgi,
shimge, pi. shimgaye.
fencing, n. (a game) sharo,
takai.
fern, hare's spear f. mashin
zomo ; elk's horn f . dafaddu.
ferry, to f. across yin fito,
, ketarad da (S.), ketaras da
(K.), ketarshe (before a pron.).
ferryman, n. sarikin ruwa,
maketari, mai-jito.
festival, n. sallata.
fetch, tr. v. kawo, zo da \ see
bring.
fetish, a f. spot matsafa,
fetters, n. malwa, mulwa (S.),
pi. mulwoyi (S.) ; mdri, pi.
maruruwa, maluluwa, gigar,
sarka, dilka.
feud, a blood-feud tarna.
fever, n. masassara, zazzabi,
jante, janti, gyante, mura;
I have fever jikina ya yi
dumi; a f. which occurs
when the guinea-corn is ripe
chiwo na sabon dawa.
fever, to have f. yin zazzabi.
few, adj. kddan, kankane, fern.
kankanuwa, pi. kankana,
kanana, tsaraurau, klma.
fez, n.fula, wula*,fulan dara,
fulad dara, tagiya.
fibre
90
fine
fibre, n., f. of palm tree kaba
a f. used for making rope
tsaiwa.
field, n. a cultivated f. fili, pi.
filaye-, fako, pi. fagaigai;
gona, pi. gonaki or gonakai ;
a barren f. sabra, saura (Z.) ;
a very large f. karkara, pi.
field-mouse, gyabji, gyauji.
fierce, adj., to be f. haukache.
fiercely, adv. da kangara, zafi.
fifteen, adj. goma sha biyar
(or biyal) sha biyar.
fifteenth, adj. na-goma (fern.
ta-goma), sha biyar.
fifth, adj. na-biyar, fern, ta-
biyar ; one f. humusi.
fifty, adj. hamsin.
fig, n., f.-tree itachen baure;
f . fruit baure ; for other
species of ficus see chediya,
gamji (S. ), ganji (K. ), durumi,
kawuri or kawari shirinya,
uwar yara, wa, rubiya.
fight, n. fada, fama, kokuwa,
kokowa, yaki. jayaya or ja-
yaiya, sabuwa.
fight, intr. v. f&da, yin fdda,
yin fama, yin kokowa, yin
jayaya.
file, n. zarto, darto*, maga-
gari*.
file, tr. v. gurjago, gurzago ;
to f. a sword yin akaras.
fill, tr. v. chika, yin fal ; to
f. full chikakka; to f. up &
hole turbude ; phr. fill them
up kawo chikonsu.
filled, part, chikakke, fern.
chikakkiya, pi. chikakku ; to-
be f. chika.
filling, part, chikawa.
filter, n. (usually in form of
small basket through which
water is strained out) marari r
abin rlga, maregi.
filter, tr. v. rare, twatsa, tatsa,
tache, rege (S.) ; one who filters-
mai-rarewa.
filtering, rlga, tachewa, tata.
filth, n. dauda.
filthiness, janaba.
filthy, adj. da dauda \ to be f.
yin najasa.
fin, (of a fish) kdfa.
finch, a species of, with grey-
blue plumage and red tail
sisita-, black-headed weaver
f. shaida; fire f. baiwar
Allah; widow f. or Whydah
bird, or widow weaver za-
laidu, zulaidu.
find, n., e.g. treasure-trove
galala.
find, tr. v. samu, same, sami,
sama ; try to f . tuske, tuski ;
to f . out (discover) kaga ; to
f . and bring samo.
fine, n. tara, taro.
fine, 1. adj. (thin, delicate)
laushi, da taushi.
fineness
91
fish
2. (beautiful) da kyau ;
very f . kdlo kdlo ; very f .
thread arafia.
fineness, arafichi, rabshiy roshi,
taushi.
finger, n. ydtsa, pi. ydtsosi,
ydtsu the little f. autan
yatsa, dan kure ; middle f.
yatsan tsaka ; f.-nail farchi,
farche, kambari, kumba, pi.
kumbuna or kumbai, danuba.
finish, n., see end.
finish, v. kare, karki, wanya,
wanyi, wanye, gdma, guma,
tuka, tube, Ida, shide.
finished, part, kafaffe, fern.
kafaffiya or kafqffa, pi.
kafaffu phr. it is f. ya kare,
ya tsaya tammat* ; he f . speak-
ing ya yi magana ya kare ; the
month is f. wata ya mutu,
fire, n. wuta, pi. wutaitai,
wutache ; fire-place murufu,
murfu ; a f. which has burnt
dovfnrufushi, rubshi, rabchi*
restoration of a dying f.
gwamin wuta ; to light a f.
jura wuta, hasa wuta ; to
catch f. chin wuta ; make a
large f. gdsa-, to strike f.
with a flint kyastu wuta ; to
miss f. (of a gun) fasa, yin
kariya ; to f. a gun halbi (or
buga) bindiga-, a f.-swallower
kumuria.
fire-brand, bakin wuta.
fire-finch, baiwar Allah.
fire-fly, n. dimin dawa, make-
suwa, mai-kesuwa, mai-kya-
suwa.
firewood, n. itachen wuta y
kirari, kirare.
fireworks, n. wasan wuta\
(display of) wowo.
firmament, n. hawa*, sama*.
first, adj. na-fari, fern, ta-fari.
first, adv. na-farko, da farko,
da fdri, tukun, tukuna ; to
be f. to do anything wada,
I am the f. to come na wada
zuwa.
fish, n. klfi, pi. kifaye, kifofi;.
mud- or lung-f. gaiwa; elec-
tric cat-f. minjiriya, miji-
riya, misiriya ; large f . from
which oil is obtained gini r
zau ; a kind of dog-f. kardya ;
a shell-f. kumba*, pi. kum-
buna* ; a flat f. with reddish
snout kuma ; cat-tish rag on
ruwa, tarwada, mari, ku-
rungu, gwando (S.), gartsa
(K.), kulme ; sting-ray ku~
ndmar ruwa; a f. with a
belly like a frog talibamban ;
thread-fin abokin taru, Nile
perch giwar ruiva ; cichlid
perch karpasa, karfasa, kar-
pashe, gargaza ; tiger-f. (sage,
kawara, shambana ; mormyr
lulu, dan sariki a f. like
a salmon faliya, fariya i
fish
92
flax
for other species of f. see
under gargaza, baramchi,
bana, boddmi, dummi, hariya,
ishi, kuku, milgi, rajiya, silla,
sololuwa, yauni ; f. bones
kayan kifi ; a hand-net for
catching f. koma, homa,foma;
a spear for catching f . hagu \
a f . trap murumuru, sankuja
(K.), sankiya; wicker-work
snares for catching f. tsatsara,
sasasara; a cord or stalk
on which f. are carried leshi.
fish, tr. v. sunta, sunche, intr.
yin fatsa, kama klfi f. with
small hand-net su.
fisherman, n. masunta, pi.
masu-su, dan fatsa, masun-
chi.
fishing, sunta a place for f.
masunta.
fishing-basket, suru.
fishing-hook, kugiya, pi. kugi-
yoyi, fdtsa, kugiyar fatsa.
fishing-line, igiyar fatsa, mam-
mari, marimari, murumuru,
murimuri.
fishing-rod, itachen fatsa.
fissure, e.g. in stick or rock
gebe.
fist, n., to close the f. tunkushe ;
to strike with the f. dan-
kwasa, dankwashe, naushe ;
see box.
fit, n. (fainting f.) gamata,
falfada.
fit, to, cf. it fits exactly ya,
kama rob (or rap) ; that
which is fitting sawaba.
fit, adj. da ya kamata, sawabe*,
sawaba*.
fitting, be, intr. v. kamata )
gamshe, gama*.
five, adj. biyar (K.), biyal
(Kats.), biyat (S.) ; f. thou-
sand hamsa*, q.v.
fix, to f. a tax yanka gandu ;
to f. a price yanka kurdi;
see fasten,
fixed, to be 1, e.g. in a tree
runguma.
flag, n. tuta, pi. tutochi.
flame, n. halshen wuta (lit.
tongue of fire), balbalniya.
flap, v., to f. the wings fuffuka,
fiffika.
flapping, e.g. of wings fuffuka,
pupuka.
flat, a f. place without trees
kanga ; he fell f. ya fadi
kita.
flatten, tr. v. ndna.
flattened, part, nananne, na-
nake.
flattery, n. kirari, lallashi,
ban magana, godo, yin godo,
ma-abanchi.
flavour, n. gardi, zaki, zazza-
ka* ; the nut has a good f.
gyada tana da gardi.
flax, n. string made of f.
kirtani.
flay
93
fly
flay, tr. \.feda,fede,jida,fide,
////e*, figi*, saba, sabe.
flaying, rlda.
flea, n. tunkwiyo, tunkwiya,
chichifi ; pite pite f. tsando,
kuma.
flee, intr. v. gudu, guje, furche,
tsire^yin chiri,fiffika,fuffuka,
tunzura, sukuwa, suka, su-
kwani, ruga, rugo ; a place
to which to f. wurin gudu ;
to make to f. rauga ; see
drive away.
flesh, n. nama, pi. namomi,
namuna : uncooked f . nama
danye (bush-meat) naman
daji ; cooked f . dafau.
flight, n. gudu, guduwa, chiri,
fartat*; to put to f. badajanfi*.
flint, n. kyastu, ketu, kyetu ;
f. in a f. lock gun damishi,
kankara, dutsim bindiga ; to
strike fire with a f. kyastu
wuta ; f . and steel for striking
a light masabi, masebi.
float, used by fishermen, made
of twigs karu.
flock, n. garke, garge (S.), pi.
garkuna.
flog, tr. v. fyada, fyade, doke,
buga, yin kurfu, yin biildla,
fade.
flogging, n. kurafu, kurfu,
karfu*, fyadi, kdshi.
flood, n. rigyawa, chikowa,
chichikowa, tabki, malala*.
floor, n. 1. (for threshing)
masussuka.
2. to stamp down a f.
ddbe.
florin, fataka*, pataka*.
flour, n. gdri ; the coarse f.
which is separated from the
finer f. of wheat tsdki ; f .
mixed with water taliya*.
flourish, intr. v. yalwata.
flow, intr. v. f. quickly tum-
budu ; to f . together saje.
flower, n. fure, pi. furanyi,
furaye ; a plant with a
thistle-like flower which
grows in cultivated fields
(Vernonia perottetii) burzu.
flute, n. algaita, algaitu, sare-
wa, sheshe (K.) ; a reed from
which flutes are made kusum-
buruwa.
fly, n. (common house f.) kuda,
kuje, pi. kudaje, kudaidai ;
horse f. gwarje, bobuwa, bar-
baje, damisan dawaki ; a
piece of leather placed on
horses' eyes to keep off flies
furtali, futali ; fire-fly dimin
dawa ; sand-f. fiffilwa, filfil-
wa } kyqfirfita, kiyashi, kudan
garke ; a large horse f .
makafon kuda ; dragon-f.
masu ; a large biting f.
tsanji.
fly, intr. v. (of a bird) shawage,
jawagi*.
foal
94
for
foal, n. dukushi, fern, dukusa,
pi. dukusai, dan dukushi.
foam, n. kunfa, kurnfa, kwmpa.
foam, to yin kunfa.
fodder, kansuwa, kyasuwa ; see
grass.
foetus, of animals tdyi.
fog, n. hdzOj kdsashi.
foggy, adj. da hazo.
fold, n. (for sheep, etc.) garke,
garge (S.), pi. garkuna, turke,
pi. turaku (K.), turuka (S.),
rugga ; cutting folds of cloth
kirfawa.
fold, tr. v. (cloth, etc.) nimka,
linke, ydfa, ydfo, kunsa,
kunshe, lauya, tdkura.
folding, (the arms) buku;
f. cloth ribiye.
foliage, n. ganyen itache.
follow, tr. v. bi ; f. a path bi
hanya ; to f . in the direction
of the speaker biyo; following
(esp. used of loyalty to a
patron) biyeya, biyawa.
followers, n. masu-bi.
folly, n., see foolishness.
fond, adj. tobef . oiyinmarmari.
fondling, n. act of f. lalaba,
taus/te.
food, n. chima, chimaka, abin-
chi, tuwo* t jibi* ; much f.
machiya; f. shared in com-
mon chiydya; a calabash
full of f. kabaki, pi. kabuka ;
remains of f. sanso, sudi, I
marmashi] to gather f. for
the poor tarbata (S.).
fool, n. wawa, pi. wawaye,
hauka, magagachi, afalalu y
badada, bada-bada, dolo, gabo,
hamsoro, limota (S.), ^oto,fem.
lotuwa ; mai-wauta, mawauta,
mahaukachi, fern, mahau-
kachiya, pi. mahaukata ;
foolish talking badagula, they
talked foolishly sun yi bo-
bawa ; a f. who pays without
counting ba-turen chacha.
foolish, da wawa.
foolishness, n. wawanchi,
hauka, mabuya, barkwanchi ;
foolish talking badagula ;
tawa, gaga (S.).
foot, n. kdfa, pi. kqfafu, kafqfi,
kafuna ; a f . regarded as a
measure of length taki, pi.
tdke-tdke, tdki-tdki ; a foot-
print sau, sawu ; foot- rings
munduwayvn kdfa ; sole of
f. tafin kdfa, mataki, pi.
matakai ; tendons of f.
matsarbaje (S.) ; on f . a kdfa;
a f. soldier dan-kasa, sa'ati*.
footman, e.g. a man who
walks in front of a chief's
horse zdgi, pi. zagagi.
footstool, mataki.
for, 1. prep, (for the sake of)
domin, don ; for his sake
dominsa ; see account of ;
(in view of) ga.
forbearance 95
2. conj. (because) fa, zama.
forbearance, n. hankuri,
hankura, hakura, hakuri.
forbid, tr. v. dakile, hana.
force, n. tilas, karifi ; by f.
da tilas, tilas, dole, doli', to
use f. yin tilas, tilasa (K.),
tilasda (S.) ; phr. I was
forced to go na tafi tilas or
wajibi ne na toft.
ford, n. mahayi, maketari,
mashigi.
ford, to hayi.
forearm, n. gdba, kusun-hannu,
bauni (S.), pi. baunukka.
forefather, n., see ancestor,
forefinger, n. manuni.
forehead, n. goshi.
foreign, adj. ajami* ; f. (i.e.
unintelligible) bobawa, bau-
bawa, pi. bobayi ; f. speech
bauchi.
foreigner, n. Ture*, ba-Ture ;
that which pertains to a f.
turanchi.
foresight, tdnadi (S.).
foreskin, loba, sulli.
forest, n. rukuki, daji, dawa
dense f. kurmi, kurumi,
kumchi*.
forethought, n. hankali, ta-
nadi (S.).
forge, n. (anvil) makera ; worker
at a f. (blacksmith) makeri,
mai-kira, pi. mukira, makeri.
forge, tr. v. fora.
fortunate
forget, tr. v. manche, shdgala
da, yin mantuwa, mania.
forgetfulness or forgetting,
n. mantuwa, sakafchi.
forgive, tr. v. yafe, yafe ma,
gafarta, yin gafara, yarda ;
f. me ka yi mini gafara.
forgiveness, n. gafara, gafar-
ta.
fork, n. (iron toasting f.) rino,
rinu ; the f. of a bifurcating
stick gqfa, gwafa ; a stick
with a f. in it itache maigofa.
forked, adj., a f. stick shishini-
ya (S.), shushiniya (K.) ; a f.
iron stick on horse's neck
kasagi.
forlornness, n. kewa, kiwa.
form, n. (shape) kama, supa*,
sifa.
former, adj. nafari the f....
the latter wanchan . . .wan-
chan.
formerly, adv. dazu, dafari ;
in former times na da ; as
in former times kaman na da.
fornication, n. shakalichi,fasi-
kanchi.
fornicator, u.mashakalchi,sha~
kali, bambagi, mai-fasikanclii.
forsake, tr. v. bari, bar.
forthwith, adv. nan da nan,
ana nan, ko yanzu.
fortunate, adj., it was f. ya yi
arziki; to be f. yin daula ;
see lucky.
fortune
96
frequent
fortune, n. (prosperity) arziki,
a man of f. mawadacfii, pi.
mawadata-, good f. gamon-
katar.
forty, adj. arba'in.
forward, adv. gaba; to move
a little f. guso, gurguso.
foster, f. mother uwal rufi \
f . child dangana* ; one
who fosters tallafi, gona ;
to act as a f . parent tallafa,
taulafa.
foul, i.e. to make muddy gur-
bache.
foundation, n. gato, gindi- }
f. of a wall tushi, tushiya.
founded, part, kdfaffe, fern.
kafaffiya, pi. kdfaffu.
fountain, n. maromaro, mar-
maru.
four, adj. fudu, Kudu (Zanf ara),
pudu (Daura), arba'a*, arba* ;
by fours fudu fudu] four
each furfudu.
fourteen, adj. goma sha fudu,
xhafudu.
fourth, adj. na-fudu, fern, ta-
fudu ; f . day chitta.
fowl, n. kdza, pi. kaji ; speckled
fowls wakewaken kaji \ a f.
plucked for cooking shikir-
kita* ; a place where fowls
are kept akurki ; a f . laying
eggs dakwaluwa.
fox, n. long-eared f . nyanyawa,
yanyawa.
fracture, kariya, karaya \ see
break.
fragment, n. gutsura, pL
gutsure, guntu, guntun abu,
far a (S.) ; f. of broken pots,
etc. sakaina, tsingaro (S.),.
katanga.
francolin, see partridge.
frankincense, n. turare; small
box for f. dan lulu \ a tuber
from which f. is made kajiii.
J t/ >
gajiji ; f. tree hano, ararra-
bi.
fraud, n., see deceit,
free, adj., one who is f. da t
free, tr. v. bari, bada diyauchi f
yanchi, yantas, yauta da,
diyanta, yanta, kwankwan-
che, sdka, yin sdki, sawanta.
freed, part, bararre, fern, barar-
riya, pi. bararru.
freedom, n. yanchi, diyauchi,
diyanchi, diyantaka, sdki,
sawani ; a certificate of f.
laya, layan diyauchi ; f . given
to a slave on the death
of his master muddbar (S.),
madabar.
frenzy, n. wdhami, hauka.
frequent, adj., see often.
frequent, tr. v. (visit often)
expressed by use of kan with
verbs meaning to go to ; he
frequents the place ya saba
da wuri.
fresh
fresh, adj. sdbo, fern, stibuwa,
pi. sababbi; applied to plants,
etc., fern, ganye*, danye,
danya, pi. danyn or danyoyi.
Friday, n. aljimma, aljimmu'a,
jumma'a, jummu'a, jimma'a,
jimmu'a.
fried, part, soyayye, fern, so-
yayya, pi. soyayyu.
| friend, n. aboki, fern, abokiya,
abuya, pi. abokai, abokanai,
kawa; masoyi, fern, masoya,
pi. masoyu; maso, pi. maso-
wa; tsar a, kama.pl. kamanu ;
f/a?i-uiva, pi. yan-uwa; zumu,
fern, zumunya, juna, amlni*,
mhibi*, sahabi*, dangi,
danya, pi. danyoyi; makwab-
chi, pi. makwabta: friends
tsarare; my friends ;y<m-
mvana.
friendship, n. 6wto } zumun-
cfti, zumunta, hcdin aboki,
xhiriya, dan-dadi-dadi.
fright, n. tunzuru, tunzuruwa,
teoro.
frighten, tr. v. tsorata, bada
tsoro, yin ruba, burya to f.
or be frightened jirgita,
firgiche, razana.
fringe, giraza, geza a f. for
horses' eyes hutali, futali,
furtali.
fro, going to and f. yauchi,
zdgo to go to and f . zazzaga,
zazzage, kai da kawo.
R. H. D.
97
fruitful
frog, n. talibambam*,kwado, pi.
kwaddi, kwadodi ; small dark
coloured f. warnu an edible
f. burdudugi, burtutiki ; tree
f. tsumbe ; bull f. kozo.
frog-spit, or cuckoo-spit, kum-
fa, kakas.
from, prep, ddya (when fol-
lowed by the personal pro-
nouns) ddya gare; tun, f. birth
tun haifuwa ; f. within ddga
chiki; f. afar ddga nesa.
front, n. gdba, pi. gdbobi,
goshi ; in f. a gdba in f . of
gdban; to go in f. tsaitse ;
go in f. ! ku chi gdba he
got in f. of us ski ya rlga mu.
front, to doshi, dosa, doso \ he
fronted them ya doshe su.
frontier, iyaka-, a f. town
kain iyaka.
froth, n. kunfa, kumfa; f.
skimmed off in making bread,
etc. kulli, kullu f. at mouth
of a dying man dafara.
frown, intr. v. damre fuska,
yin bakin (or bakar) fuska,
jirkitafuska, murtsukafuska.
frowning, n. hardra*.
fruit, n. (of trees) dan itache,
diyan itache, yayan itache
(of grains, etc.) kwara,
kwaya; the f. of the earth
diyan kasa, yan kasa.
fruitful, adj., an epithet
applied to corn mai-ido.
fruitless
98
game
fruitless, adj., e.g. f. toil aikin
wofi.
fry, tr. v. soya.
frying, suya.
fuel, n., see firewood,
fugitive, n. gujaje, mai-gudu,
korarre, pi. korarru ; maguje,
maguji, pi. magudane, ma-
guda.
Fulah, pr. n., a F. native
ba-Fillache, ba-Fillata, ba-
Fillatana, Fulata, pi. Fillani,
Fulani ; the F. language
Fillanchi, Fulatanchi ; the
F. people Fulbe.
fulfil, to chika ; to f . a promise
chika alkawali.
full, adj. chikakke, fern, chikak-
kiya, pi. chikakku] a chike,
fern, a c/w&a, pi. a chiku; (f. to
thebrim)/<m; see complete.
fulness, n. yayalwachi.
funeral, n. biso ; lamentations
at a f . makoki.
fungus, a club-shaped f. which
grows on ant-heaps tumukun
suri.
funnel, mazurari.
furbish, tr. v. (e.g. a sword)
kuda.
furrow, n. kwdri, pi. kwaru
ruwa, kwdre (S.), rumaniya
to draw a f . karta ; furrows on
the cheeks karrara maya(S.)
further, adj. (=more distant
mafi nisa.
uture, adj. (= that is to come)
mai-zuwa ; in f., adv. zuwa
gdba.
;adfly, bobuwa, bubu (S.).
*ag, n. majanga.
n. riba; unlawful g.
kura, riba, hardmiya ; to
make unlawful g. chin riba,
chin haramiya, chin kura.
gall, n. madachi, saifa, dwatana,
ruwan dwatana ; g. bladder
matsarmama.
gallant, mai-dauki.
gallantry, n. dauki.
gallop, n. suka, pi. sukaikai',
at a g. a sukwane.
gallop, intr v. yin sukuwa,
sukuwa, sukaya, sukayo, su-
kani, sukwani ; a place for
horses to g. masukwani, fage.
galloping, a place for g.
masukwani.
gambler, n. bakanchi, dan
chacha ; see ba-turen chacJia.
gambling, n., a game for g.
chacha, alfowa, ddra, modi',
to throw down money in g.
yin wasa da kurdi ; see mu*
zuru.
gambol, kiriniya, tsalle-tsalle.
game, n. wargi ; games played
by children karkachi, dare,
gdre, gyauga, lambe (S.), lai
laya, langa, shillalo, tulatuki
ubulunguwi, runfuki, wdha
game
dokin wuya, zure, izgili ;
played by fortune-tellers in
order to discover secrets
dirka; a g. played witt
cowry shells dara; a gam
bling g. chacha ; a call to
join in a g. *hu, shiyo, or
shiyu ; a wrestling g. gumaza ;
a fencing g. takai, sharo.
game, n. (food) naman daji.
gaol, see prison,
gap, e.g. between two teeth
wishiriya.
gape, intr. v. yin hamma.
gaping, n. hamma.
garden, n. danga, pi. dangogi
lambu, pi. lambuna, aljanna*.
gardener, n. mai-gona*.
i gargle, n. wanken makoshi.
gargling, n. kurkura.
garlic, n. tafarnuwa, pi. ta-
farnai ; taparnuwa.
'garment, n. riga, pi. riguna ;
old garments tsumma, pi.
tsummoki, keso, pi. kyassa,
ragga; see clothes,
garner, n. (a place for storing
grain) rufogo, rafoniya, rum-
bu, rufewa.
garnished, part, gyartache,
fern, gyartachiya, pi. gyar-
tattu.
^asp, intr. v. (for breath) yin
fuka, shesheka, shasheka; one
who gasps mai-fuchi.
Jasping, n. haki (8.), shashaki.
giddy
gate, n. kofa, pi. kofofi; gate-
way, see doorway,
gather together, 1. tr. v. tara.
2. intr. v. taru, gayya.
gathered, part, a tara, a taru,
tararre, fern, tararra, pi.
tararru.
gathering, n., e.g. of people
before a king kindigaye see
assembly.
gaze, n. kallo, tsokachi.
gaze at, tr. v. kallo, tsokachi,
chokachi, dauro, doro*, nuri*,
(generally in a bad sense) yin
zuru.
gazelle, n., see antelope,
generosity, n. baiwa.
generous, adj. da Mr a.
genii, n. jinnu ; see demons,
gently, adv. sanu, sannu, lako-
lako, sdko-sdko.
genuine, adj., g. money kurdi
tsaba.
Germany, pr. n. (used in
North Africa) Bursiya.
gesture, a g. expressing dis-
approval ambola, dakuwa.
|et, tr. v. samu, same, sami,
sama, samo ; g. out ! je ka,
f em. je ki ; g. along ku yi ta
tafiya.
host, n. fatalwa, magiro.
^iant, n. gazaguru.
giddiness, n. gigichi, jiri,
hdnani.
giddy, adj. phr. I am g. kaina
72
gift
100
gnashing
shina kewayewa or ina jin
jiri ; to be g. gigita ; to make
g. dame, ddma.
gift, n. kyauta, kaya, pi. kaya-
yaki, abin gaisuwa, baiko ;
free g. alheri; g. given to
conciliate tsaraba, see bribe ;
gifts coll. baiwa.
gimlet, n. berima, mararaki.
gin, n. (for animals) tarko.
gin, n. (a spirit) baraza, barasa.
ginger, chitafo, chitan Afo.
giraffe, rakumin dajij rakumin
ddwa.
gird, tr. v. damre, daure, dam-
ra, yin damdra, darmi*.
girded, part, damrarre, pi.
damrarru.
girdle, n. (lamarichiki, damdra,
madamrin chiki, tamantaka* ;
a g. made with copper tagula,
tugula, tagura ; a g. of cloth
taraya ; a woman's g. gyauto,
dan gyauto, jigida; a woman's
g. of beads tsakiya, kwdtana;
a g. of cowries kiribi.
girl, n. yarinya, pi. yam-mata,
diya ', a young g. tantabara.
girth, n. (of a horse) bauji ; a
g. strap majayi, kaitaro.
give, tr. v. ba, bdda, bashi,
bay as, baya* ; to g. back
bay as da', to g. up bayas,
bayar, sallame, bdda, bashi,
yarda bashi* ; to g. alms
yin sadaka.
giver, n. mai-bada, mabaya*.
gizzard, of a bird kundu.
glad, to be, intr. v. yin farin-
chiki, yin (or jin) murna.
gladden, tr. v. bada (or sa)
murna, faralta.
gladiolus, a wild rimana, ru-
mana.
gladness, n. farin-chiki, mur-
na.
gland, kaluluwa.
glass, n. mddubi ; a dish made
of g. tamgaram, kwachiya*,
pi. kwachaye; a looking-g.
mddubin ido, matsokachi ;
the sound of falling g. kilin i
kilin, klri Jdri, girin-girin.
glean, tr. v. kdldta, yin kdla>
rore, yin saura (or sabra).
gleaning, roro.
gleanings, n. (of a harvest)
kdla, saura*.
glorious, adj. (of God) jalla*.
glory, n. daraja, darajiya,
girma*.
glove, n. rigar hannu.
glue, n. danko*.
glutton, n. mai-loma, machi t \
pi. machiya, mai-rida, mafa-\
lashi, mai-kwaraka.
gluttonous, zwari.
gluttony, may in chi, zwari,\
zari ; see greed,
gnash, tr. v. tamna hakori.
gnashing, n. (of teeth) tsut
hahori.
gnaw
101
gorge
gnaw, to chisya, chizga, gur-
yura.
go, intr. v. taji, je, zaka, zatsa*,
to be about to go za ; to go
round a place ziyara, zaga,
zagi ; to go before gabdta,
gabdche ; to go forth fita ;
to go away kau ; to go con-
stantly to a place shishiga;
to go as far as tusga, tusge ;
go with a person tare ; to
go to meet tariye ; go out
of fita ; to go by night bi
dare ; to go after a wife in
order to bring her home
biko ; phr. go on with what
you are doing yi ta yi.
goat, n. akwiya, akuya, akwuya,
pi. aicaki ; he-goat bunsuru,
pi. bunsurai or bunsuraye ;
a young g. burguma a long-
haired species of g. buzu-
ru/ra a speckled g. gitsawa
(S.), gwalande; a vicious g.
watsatsi, fern, watsatsiya ; old
lean g. guzuma ; a castrated
. g. tabre, taure ; beard of a
g. rairo, rero ; a g. in milk
karduwa.
goat-sucker, see night-jar.
God, pr. n. Allah, the plural
allohi is used of idols.
going, part, tafiya ; they are
g. suna tafiya ; a g. away
maraita*.
gold, n. zinariya.
gonorrhoea, chiwon sanyi,
masuna, fyauka.
good, adj. ndgari, fern, tdgari,
pi. ndgargaru, mai-kyau,
kyau, kekyaiva, salihi; phr.
g. or bad fari ko baki ; g.
used as an exclamation to ; g.
morning sanu da safe, sanu
da rana; g. evening (on
parting) sai da safe, (on
meeting) sanu da dare ; good-
bye for the present sai an
jima ; g. news albishir ; g.
news for you albishirinka \
a g. disposition kyakyawan
hali; something g. abin ki-
riki ; see under sanu.
good-bye, to say ban kwana.
goodness, n. nagarta, nagar-
chi, kyauta; (of flavour, etc.)
zaki.
goods, n. dukiya, pi. dukoki
or dukiyoyi ; kaya, pi. kaya-
yaki ; g. for sale haja, faja* ;
(property) tarkache.
goose, n. dumya, dinya- } a
wild g. gdba*.
gore, u.jini.
gore, tr. v. (of horned animals)
tune, tunkuda, tunkuji or
tunkwiyi, e.g. the bull and
the cow gored each the other
sa da saniya suka tunkuda
junansu ; soka, soke or soki
with intens. sossoke.
gorge, n. 1. see throat.
gorgeous
102
grandmother
2. (a narrow defile) kwa-
zazzabo.
gorgeous, adj. (splendid) na
ado, e.g. g. robes riguna na
ado (or masu-kaiva).
goro-nut, n. goro, pi. gwarra;
see kola-nut.
gory, adj. da jini, na jini, sai
jini.
gospels, the linjlla.
gossip, n. 1. (talk) raushi,
roshi, tadi, waiwai, algungu-
manchi, kwarmato, azuzan-
chi, hira.
2. concr. an idle talker,
a gossip algungumi, pi. al-
gunguma, azuji, sururi (S.).
gourd, n., a plant whose fruit
is either eaten or formed
into cups and calabashes;
among the various kinds
which are eaten are kabewa
(K.), kubewa (S.), goji, kabus,
karamiya; among those used
as vessels are kwariya, korya,
kurtu, masaki, maseki, and
duma ; see also baska, guro
(S.), jaXlo (K.), tsana (S.).
gourds, roots of, coll. n. yado.
govern, v. (rule, reign) mal-
laka; see rule.
governor, n. hdkimi*, pi.
hdkimai, masarauchi, wakili ;
sariki is sometimes used in
this sense.
gown, n. riga, pi. riguna,
salaha; the body of a g. as
opposed to the sleeves (han-'
nutva) uwar riga.
grace, n. (favour, free gift)
jinkai, aikin gafara, alheri,
kyauta j he showed g. to us
ya yi ma mu alheri.
graceful, da nasiya, da nasiha.
gracious, adj. (of God) karlmu-,
good g. ! haba mana.
grain, n. 1. kwara, kwaya, pi.
kwarori; g. that springs up
of itself gyamro ; g. which has
been kept a long time suna ;
g. which has been husked
surfe.
2. fig. grains (as of sand)
barbadi.
grain, receptacle for, n. taska,
pi. taskoki, rufogo (K.), ra-
foniya, rufewa (S.), rumbu,
tsunjiya.
grammar, nahau, nahauri ;
one who is learned in g.
malamin nahau.
grand, adj. (important) babba,
pi. many a', mai-girma, pi.
masu-girma.
grandchild, n. jlka, fern.
jlkanya, pi. jlkoki, jikannu,
a great g. tabakunne.
granddaughter, n., see prec.
grandfather, n. kdka, pi.
kakanni, uban uba, e.g. your
g. uban ubanka.
grandmother, n. kdkanya.
grandson
103
great
grandson, n., see grandchild.
grapes, forest g. tsibir-kinkini,
chibir-kinkini.
grasp, with the hand, tr. v.
jiinka, rumchi, runttse, jimke ;
with the arms (to embrace)
rungume.
grasping, adj. fig. (covetous,
greedy) da rowwa, maro-
wachi.
grasping disposition, n.
rowwa, kawazuchi.
grass, n. 1. gen. chiyawa, pi.
chiyayi, yayi, haki, pi. haku-
kutva; green g. chiyawa,
dattye, hdki, pi. hakuiva ;
green g. which has recently
sprung up tsatse (S.).
2. spec, of various kinds
and uses : Bermuda or dub-
g. kiri-kiri or tsirkiyar zomo ;
comb fringe g. gude-gude;
cuscus g. or Vetiver g. jema ;
elephant g. yambama, ham-
bama, dawar kada ; prickly
bur g. karangiya; Spanish
reed g. gabara ; a grass used
for filling cushions roba, pi.
roboba, robuna ; a g. append-
age worn by certain pagan
tribes takatsara ; dried or
chopped g. for horses in-
girichi or ingirochi; un-
dried g. as fodder kansuwa,
kyasuwa, komayya ; a g.
eaten in times of famine
(Eragrostis tremula) bum-
buruwa, bubburwa ; a low
coarse g. birbiro, birobiro ;
a g. eaten by horses gadagi,
yaraji, lambusu ; a g. for
making brooms tsintsiya ;
plaited g. tsaiwa, tsawa ; a
soft hairy g. yan-liutu ; g.
used for thatching shifchi,
ydma, yantso, biinu, pi. bunai,
daudau ; a g. used in making
mortar datsi ; a g. shelter or
hut dabi (S.) ; see also bun-
surun daji, gazama, karareyo,
machara (K.), tuji (Eleusine
indica), burgu (Panicum sp.),
harkiya or harikiya ( Digitaria
debilis).
grasshopper, dindiba, dun-
kurkuda-, green g. askalaya
(S.) ; spotted g. ivukar sariki
(lit. king's knife).
gratitude, maida girma.
gratuitous, adj. banza.
grave, n. kushewa, kusheya*,
pi. kusheyi, kushewoyi, ina-
ktvanchi, kdbari, kabri, wurin
bisne, wurin kushewa.
gravel, n. tsakuwa..
graze, v. 1. tr. kiwo.
2. intr. of cattle id.
grease, n. mai.
i greasy, to be or become ndshe,
ndshi.
great, adj. 1. (both physically
and morally) babba, pi. many a
great
104
grief
or maya, mai-girma, da gir-
ma ; a g. king sariki babba
or babban sariki; very g.
(very important) many a
manya.
2. (quantitatively and of
degree) da yawa.
3. spec, applied to God
jalla*, jalala*, akbar*.
4. of one in authority as
a king or prince madau-
kaki.
great, to declare g., v. 1. (to
honour) girmama.
2. kabbar*, e.g. to declare
that God is g. kabbar ga
allah akbar.
3. to be g. bunkdsa, kasaita.
greater, adj. comp. mafi-girma,
pi. masu-fi-girma ; in the
absence of superl. forms the
idea is expr. by phr. ya fi
duka or ya fi kowa appended
to the adj.; he was greater
than he ya fifiche shi.
greatness, n. girma, zati.
greed, n. rowwa, marowwachi,
tsumulmula (K.).
greedy, adj. da rowwa, zargi,
bahilchi, mayinchi, hadama,
kanwa, kwalama, machi,
zwari, makwadaita, mai-kwa-
, raka, mafdlashi, mai-kur-
musu*, marowwachi.
green, adj. 1. (the colour) al-
gashi, fern, algasa, pi. algasai,
algasu, tsanwa, chanwa; dark
g. kore, fern, koriya, pi.
kwarrai-, light g. kore-kore-,
g. esp. applied to g. dyed
leather korino.
2. (fresh) of plants etc.
danye or danyi, pi. danyoyi,
danyu.
greet, tr. v. 1. gaida, gaishe,
gaisa, yinfawo, e.g. I greeted
the man and he accepted my
greeting na gaida mutum ya
karbagaisuwata ; we g. muna
gaisuwa; I g. thee a gaishe
ka.
2. (of religious salutation)
yin salatu ; we g. muna
salmawa.
3. to g. by shaking the
hand jinjina ; to wave or
extend the hand in greeting
mika hannu^ e.g. I greeted
them with my hand and
departed na ?nika ma su
hannu na tafi.
greeting, n. gaisuwa.
grey, efo, turning g., as from
age furfura.
grief, n. 1. (pain of mind,
sorrow) naddma, ladama.
2. (cause of pain or sorrow)
wahala.
3. (expression of grief)
kuka, e.g. he made great
g. over him ya yi kuka
dayawa a bisansa.
grieved
105
guard
grieved, be, intr. v. wahalda,
Jin ^vakala.
grimace, a gwalo, kogama,
zumde.
grind, tr. v. 1. gen. nika, tusa,
tv.fi/ie, reda, ddka, intensive
to g. to powder dadddka,
dt'/tdaka, dadddga ; to g.
thoroughly barza ; to g. rice
etc. tingama.
2. (to whet or sharpen)
ii.'itxrt,, gyarta.
grinding, of wheat, n. esp. used
of regrinding harzawa, tiishi.
grindstone, mawashi, niki ;
a stone for smoothing a g.
makodi.
grip, to kwakwume, damka ; to
g. the thro&tkwakwume wuya.
gripe, tr. v. (of medicine)
Knur da.
gristle, n. gurunyuntsi.
igroan, intr. v. yin nishi.
groaning, n. nishi.
groom, n. 1. xhamdki, pi. sha-
,/takai, dan muri, dan turke.
2. (bridegroom) ango, pi. :
anguna.
grope, v. lalabe, mdmare (to
search one's way with the ;
hands in the dark) burkuti, \
/> 'i i. Ikuchi, dundumi.
ground, n. 1. (surface of the
earth) kdsa ; on the g. a kdsa I
or a kas ; hard flat g. kekuwa. '
2. (cause) sababi or sitba- '
bi* without g. (or grounds)
babu sababi.
3. (first principle or founda-
tion) gutsu.
ground, to (of a boat) kafa.
ground, pass, participle 1.
(finely) raushi, roshi, rabshi.
2. (roughly) da tsaki ;
badly ground flour barzo.
ground-nut, n., i.e. Arachis
hypogaea gyada ; a smaller
species of g.-n. gujiya, pi.
yujiyoyi,gujeye', oil extracted
from g.-n. man gyada.
grouse, sand-g. barwa, kwanta-
toi, sutvaka, ladin rogo.
grow, intr. v. 1. of plants tsira,
tsire, tsiro, chira.
2. to increase in size girma,
yin girma.
3. to g. (i.e. to become)
zama ; to g. old tsufa.
growing, mdtdshi.
growl, to (of a lion) babbaki.
growling, gurnani, ruri.
grown, full g. rikakke, kasai-
tache.
gruel, n., made of guinea-corn
kunu a thin g. salala.
grumble, v. yin gunaguni, yin
guri, yin bimbini.
grumbling, n. bimbini, bibini,
zargi, yunaguni.
grunting, (of a pig) n. tsuwa.
guarantee, to lamunta.
guard, n. L (heed, care) tsari,
guard
106
gums
e.g. be on your g. against
ka nema tsari.
2. (soldier of king's body-
guard) dakare, pi. dakaru,
dogari, pi. dogarai.
guard, tr. v. tsdra, tsdri, tsdre,
tsdro, batdka, ritse, rutse, raise.
guardian, mai-tsari, mai-tsaro.
guard-room, jaru*, jarum*.
guest, n. bako, fern, bakuwa,
pi. bakuna, baki or bakokuna.
guide, n. jagaba, shugaba, pi.
shugabai, koranga (K.), ma-
jan-hanya.
guide, tr. v. (lead, conduct)
kai, bida, bishe \ (to instruct)
galgade, gargadi.
guile, n. munafuchi, munafun-
chi, or manafuchi ; (cunning)
wayo, with g. da wayo.
guilt, n. laifi.
guiltless, adj. babu laifi, maras-
laiji.
guilty, to declare, v. kada,
bada laifi, kayas*.
guinea-corn, n. ddwa (Sor-
ghum vulgare), tsaba (S.),
gero*. There are four chief
kinds of ddwa : kaura used
for feeding horses, farafara,
farfara used when ground
for making gruel, murmura
or muramura* eaten whole
when cooked, giwakamba
used as a medicine for rub-
bing on the eyes; the red
or grey g.-c. with close-
growing head janjare', husks
of g.-c. kwardo ; g.-c. pod
tsirgagiya-, an intoxicating
drink made from g.-c. giya;
g.-c. fever, occurring when
the g.-c. ripens chiwo na
sabon ddwa ; g.-c. which has
sprung up in an unsown
farm kakarya ; see badawa,
dan-jigdwa, gangariya, malle,
shinkafar-talaka.
guinea-fowl, n. zabo, fern.
zabuwa, pi. zabi, kazar ya-
raba ; cry of the g.-f. kilkal,
kukui.
guinea-pig, her an turawa.
guinea-worm, n. kurkunu y
girgamo ; a small plant used
as a medicine for g. dammir
kdda, dumankdda \ a swell-
ing caused by g. hangara.
guitar, n., a kind of kofsa.
gullet, n. janai (S.), janyaro
(K.).
gully, a dry g. kozazzabe, kwctr
zazzabo.
gum, n. danko, jirai; spec, a
g. put in ink kdro ; a g. used
in perfumes karon maje,
bafur ; gum-bearing trees
chiriri, dakwara, duli, dum-
she, dundu, karkara, kwar-
kivara, Jura kaya, taura.
gums, n. (seat of the teeth)
ddsashi (K.), dasori (S.).
gun
107
hairy
gun, n. bindiga, pi. bindigogi ;
adakka* ; a double-barrelled
g. bindiga da baki (or mai-
baki) biyiL, tagwayen bindiga ;
to load a g. dora or chika
bindiga ; to discharge a g.
hcdbi (or halbe or buga) bin-
diga ; flint of a g. kankara,
dutsim bindiga; report of a
g. kdrar bindiga, dmo j a
flint-lock g. mai-kamsir, man-
tampas (S.) ; a maxim g.
mai-ruwa* ; a long-barrelled
Arab g. sawaila, tsawila.
gunpowder, n. albarus or
albarushi.
gush out, intr. v. zuba, zubo ;
to g. out abundantly gushe-
gushe.
gusset, n. tsumma, pi. tsum-
moki ; cloth g. in a tobe
shiga.
gypsum, n. aljlbus, alzlbus.
habit, n. ta'ada, tdda (S.), pi.
tadodi, ada, kali, kabiya*,
sabo*, the last especially of
aptitude acquired by practice,
phr. nothing can be done
except by practice aikin
duniya duka sai sabo ; see
habituated.
habitation, n. mazamni.
habituated, to be, intr. v.
saba constr. with da.
haggle, intr. v. yin chiniki,
tallata, yin talla ; see bar-
gain.
haggling, talla.
hail, n. kankara, ruwa da
kankara.
hail ! exclamation = welcome !
sanu, a gaishe ka, sai lafiya.
hair, n. gashi, pi. gasusuwa ;
spec, head of h. when cut
off suma ; h. on the cheeks
saje ; h. of tail of horse,
elephant, etc. tsagiya ; abun-
dance of h. gizo ; absence of
h. on head kundumin kai;
long ridge of h. left in
shaving shasanda; tuft of h.
in the middle of head zanko',
h. of woman plaited bijaji,
bujaji, buji-buji ; h. worn by
women in curls down their
cheeks kitso \ twisted locks
of woman's h. at side of face
dauri ; grey \\.furfura; h. on
cheeks and upper lip wasliefe ;
h. tied in knots with a ridge
in the middle shetarnbuwa ;
a head of h. sura* (S.) ; a
tuft of h. of a young man
toliya ', the h. came off gashi
ya tushe.
hairdresser, n. mai-kitso, fern.
makitsiya, wanzami, mai-
kalmishiya.
hairy, adj. da gashi, e.g. its
face is all \\.fuskassa duk da
gashi or fuskassa sai gashi ;
half
108
handle
a h. person galgasa, gargasa:
h. all over duguza.
half, n. shashi, shashe, sashe,
rdbi, nusuji* ; h. a piece of
cloth, paper, etc. ausagi, bare.
hall, n., entrance h. zaure, pi.
zauruka.
halt, adj. gurgu, pi. guragu,
makasari.
halt, intr. v. 1. (to limp) yin
gurgunta.
2. (to stop marching, to
stand still) tsayi, tsaya, tsai.
3. spec, to h. for the night
shida or shide.
4. fig. to h. between two
opinions yin zuchiya biyu.
halter, n., also a leading-rope
for horses, etc. dsalwayi,
rdgama.
halting, n. tsayi; (limping)
gurgunta, gurmunta, gur-
gunchi.
halting-place, for the night,
n. zango, mashidi, the last
in the sense of a lodging
or khan ; spec, temporary h.
for carriers loko.
halve, tr. v. bare, bara ; in less
strict sense (to divide) raba.
hamlet, unguwa, anguwa,
tunga, pi. tungaigai.
hammer, n. kwarikwasa* ; a
blacksmith's h. masdba, pi.
masdbai', a large h. ama-
deshi* ; a small h. matalaga,
muntalaga ; h. of a gun
kundma.
hammock^ rdga*.
hand, n. 1. hannu, pi. hdnnu-
wa, hanndye ; the right h.
dama or hannu na dama \
the left h. hagum, hagu,
hauni, hannu na hagum or
hannu na hauni ] the palm
of the h. tdfin hannu; the
back of the h. bay an hannu.
'2. of place or direction,
right h. dama, wajen dama ;
left h. hagum, hagu, hauni
or wajen hagum, etc. ; of
time, at h. kusa, da kusa ;
to raise the h. chira hannu ;
see hands.
handed, left-, adj. bahago.
handful, n. (of mud, flour, etc.)
du7ikule, churi, damka,jimki;
to take a h. jimke, chura,
chibra (S.), damke, dimtso,
jimka.
handkerchief, n. maharma,
maharama, adiko, mai-yani,
mayani ; spec, a h. on
woman's head kallabi; h. to
bind round woman's head
alfuta, pi. alfutai.
handle, n. mariki, pi. marika,
makdma, madauki, maratayi;
h. of axe bakin gatari, bota
(Kats.), kota (K.) ; h. of box.
makama, kota, zoben kaya.
handle, tr. v. tdba.
hands
109
hartebeest
hands, to clap the, v. tafa, taji,
tabi (S.) ; to shake h. yin
musajiha, ban hannu.
hands, a man with his h. tied
to his neck, n. kukumtache,
pi. kukumtattu ; the tying of
a man's h. kukumi, kunkumi ;
shaking h. masajiha, musajiha.
handsome, adj. da kyau, mai-
kyau; a building h. to look
at yida da kyaun gani.
hang, tr. v. rataya, rataye,
yin rataya ; to h. up rataya,
yin rataya j to h. up meat
done, kere.
hanging, n. (curtain, etc.) reto,
rataya.
hanging, n. (e.g. h. up of
curtains) yani.
hanging, 1. adj. (suspended)
a rataye.
2. part, ratayawa.
hank, of yarn sulu (S.).
happen, intr. v. 1. afku, abku,
faru, e.g. it happened ya
faru, what has happened 1 mi
y a, faru ?
2. (i.e. befall) same, sama,
sami, samo, yudana, e.g.
what has happened to you?
(i.e. what is the matter with
you ?) mi ya same ka ?
happiness, n. 1. (satisfaction)
dadi, dadin zuchiya, alheri,
murna*, fdrin-chiki, gatan-
chi.
2. (in a religious sense)
saada*.
happy, feel, intr. v. jin dadi.
harass, tr. v. tsananche, tsananta.
hard, adj. 1. phys. tattaura,
fern, tattauriya, da tauri,
tsandauri ; see seq. ; also
morally hard, obstinate.
2. (difficult of accomplish-
ment, etc.) da wuya.
harden, 1. intr. v. (to become
hard) yin tauri, taurare.
2. tr. v. to h. taurata,
tsaurata, yin tauri.
hard-headed, n. (an obstinate
person) mai-kinji, mai-taurin
zuchiya.
hardness, n. tauri, tsauri
(Zanf.) ; also in a moral sense,
e.g. taurin zuchiya h. of heart.
hare, n. zomo, pi. zomai.
harlot, n. shakaliya, pi. sha-
kalai ; sarkachiya, bombegi*
child of harlot dan-farka.
harlotry, n. sakarchi,shakalchi.
harm, n. banna, laift, e.g. there
is no h. in it babu laift.
harm, tr. v. bata, bache.
Harmattan wind, iskan buda.
harpoon, n., for river fishing
zdgo, hagu, margi ; an iron-
tipped h. fired from a gun
sango.
hart, n., see deer.
hartebeest (Damaliscus Sene-
galensis) ddri ; West African
harvest
110
hawk
h. kanki, pi. kanoki, kan-
kuna.
harvest, n. girbi, (i.e. the
season) kaka.
harvest, to cut down the, v.
girba ; see reap.
haste, n. sauri, samri, anniya,
garaje.
hasten, intr. v. yin anniya,
hanzarta (K.), hamzarta,
hamzanta (S.), kwarare, gau-
gata, gagauta, gagawa to h.
after zazari ; h. to catch up
ku chika; to h., i.e. to ac-
celerate hamzarta.
hastening, n. garaje, gaugawa.
hastily, adv. da sauri, da
hamzari.
hat, straw, n. gurumfa, garum-
fa, garunfa ; a large straw
h. mdlafa, malfa, pi. mala-
funa, malafai dan gurumfa
designates a small trader,
who carries goods on his
head ; see cap.
hatch, tr. v. kyankyashe, kyan-
kyasa*.
hatchet, n. gatari, pi. gdtara,
gdtura, gdturuwa, gdjiya, wal-
wada, warwada ; small h.
dan gatari handle of a h.
bakin gatari spec, small h.
for cutting grass for fodder
kurdda, kuradda; h. with
broad blade barandami, tsi~
taka.
hate, n. kiyeya, kiyaiya, kiyo,
kiwo.
hate, tr. v. ki, kiya*.
hater, n. ag. makiyi, pi. makiya.
hatred, kiyaiya, see anger.
haughtiness, n. fddin rai,
fddin zuchiya, girman kai,
girman rai, homa,foma, toma.
haughty, adj. da girman rai,
tomo.
haul, tr. v.ja.
haunch, n. (of a cow) kwan-
kwaso.
Hausa, pr. n., the Hausa nation,
country, language Hausa; a
H. native ba-Haushe, pi.
Hausawa ; the H. language
Hausa, magmia Hausa, hal-
shen Hausa, after the manner
of the Hausas Hausanchi,
I understand H. ina jin
mag ana Hausa, to speak H.
yin magana Hausa ; see
language.
have, tr. v. (to possess) na da,
ke da, also expr. by ga (to),
or with pronouns gare, e.g. I
h. a friend named Hassan ina
da aboki sunansa Hasan, a
certain man has a camel
wani mutum shina da raku-
mi, we h. mu ke da, I h.
much money kurdi dayawa
gare ni.
haversack, amasai.
hawk, n. shirwa, pi. shirwoyi,
hay
111
health
or xkirwuna, karamata, tan-
k<trki, tsinkaki, shahu*,shafo:,
swoop of a h. bara, sura.
hay, n. fxiro, ingirichi, in-
girochi.
haze, n. hazo, kdsashi.
hazel nut, n. chanza.
hazy, adj. da hazo.
he, pers. pron. shi, ya, yi, i* ;
shi is emphatic and used as
separate pron. before ya, e.g.
but my brother he saw her
afar off amma kanena shi ya
gan ta da nesa, it is also used
with dependent clauses and
wishes ; ya is used in the
aorist and in impersonal ex-
pressions as ya isa it is
enough.
head, n. 1. (of animated beings)
kai, pi. kanuwa, kawana,
kawuna.
2. (chief point or substance
of a statement) kai.
3. (chief person) see chief;
back part of h. keya ; a man
whose h. protrudes at the
back mai-kyeya ; a person
with a large h. mai-kai ;
standing on the h. rimi; to
hang the h. sunkwiya da kai
(K.) ; leaning the h. on the
hand in token of distress
tagumi.
headache, n. chiwon-kai, jiri,
jeri.
head-dress, n. rawani, pi.
rawunna ; (of a woman)
fatala, patala.
headlong, adj. and adv. da
gangara', to fall h. sulla da
kai, fada da kai.
headman, 1. (of a village,
place, etc.) sariki or sarki,
q.v., dagachi, pi. dagatai,
kunduda, makwayo, haki-
2. (of a caravan) madugu,
pi. madugawa.
heal, tr. v. warke, ivarkad da ;
pass, to be healed warke and
the pass, form, e.g. remain
here until he be healed ku
zamna a wurin nan sai ya
warke or sai a warke shi.
healed, particip. (h. in body
or restored in mind) warkak-
ke, fern, warkakkiya, pi. war-
kakku.
healing, warkasuwa.
health, n. (i.e. good h.) lafiya;
in h. Idfiya and da lafiya,
frequently used in salutations,
e.g. are you in h. ? kana
lafiyal answ. in very good
h. Idfiya lau ; to be in good
h. yin Idfiya ; to improve in
h. jin dama, war ware ; re-
storation to h. afuwa ; he
recovers his h., he becomes
better ya samu afuwa (or
lafiya), ya ji rangwame ; one
healthy
112
height
in bad h., sick, a patient
maras-lajiya.
healthy, adj. Iqfiyaye.
heap, n. taro or taru, pi. tarori,
tuli or tulli, pi. tuloli, kitila;
a h. of branches, etc. zubugi.
heap up, tr. v. hada, dora;
spec, to h. up earth round
plants fwi,furi, yin maimai,
q.v.
hear, tr. v. ji.
heart, n. 1. (the bodily organ)
zuchiya, pi. zukata, zuchiyoyi,
zutochi or zukochi, gaba*.
2. (the feelings) zuchiya,
e.g. zuchiyata ta bache my h.
was broken ; to be cut to the
h. jin zafin zuchiya ; to learn
by h. samu harda ; to know
by h. yin harda, hardache ;
to say off by h. yin tulawa
they lost h. hankullansu
duka sun tashi.
heartburn, kwarnaji, kwan-
naji.
heartless, adj. magaya or ma-
gauchi, pi. magautaormagata.
heat, n. zafi, zufa ; spec. h. of
the sun gumi.
heathen, n. arne, pi. asna, azna,
arna ; kqfiri, pi. kajirai and
kafirawa ; majusi, pi. majusa-
wa;ba-Maguje,p\.Maguzawa.
heathenism, n. kafirchi*, ka-
furchi*, halin kafirai*, as-
nanchi, aznanchi, arnanchi.
heave, tr. v., to h. a sigh aje
zuchiya, yin sheda.
heaven, n. sdma, pi. samaniya,
sammai, samomi, gidan da-
wama ; h. and hell (the after-
world) lahira', the Moham-
medan paradise aljanna.
heaviness, n. (great weight)
nauyi.
heavy, adj. da nauyi, mai-
nauyi.
heddles (of a loom), allera y
annera (S.).
hedge, n. (fence) darni, danga,
dam/'dmi, shimge, shinge, pi.
shimgaye, kiliya.
hedgehog, n. bushiya, baushi-
ya, babagumi.
hedges, a plant used in making,
n. Jidda sartse, bi-ni-da-zugu t
chi-ni-da-zugu.
heed, n. tsdri ; take h. nemo,
tsari.
heed, v. 1. (to take notice
of anything) kula, tuna t
tunane, all constr. with da.
2. (to attend to what is
said) saurara, ji ; spec, to
take h. to an agreement, etc.
damre magana.
heel, n. dudduge or diddigi,
duga-duga, pi. dugadugai,
dunduniya.
heifer, karsana.
height, n. tsatva, tsawo, tsai t
tsayi, hawa, e.g. it is three
heir
113
herb
cubits in h. tsawonsa kamu
n kn.
heir, n. magadi, magaji, pi.
magata, magada, mdmayi ;
h. to the throne chiroma,
yarlma ; h. to the throne
majiran gado, at Kano wam-
bai, daudu, dauda ; to have
as h., i.e. to be succeeded
by gdda da.
Hejira, the, n. hijira.
held, particip. rikakke, fern.
rikakkiya, pi. rikakku.
lell, n. jahannama, jahlma h.
and heaven (the future
world) lahira.
iell-fire, n.jahima,
lelmet, n. bushiya, kwalkwali,
buke.
lelp, n. tamayi, taimako, tai-
makawa, sauki, agaji, agaza,
shcdli, tanyo (Zanf.) ; h. es-
pecially in war gudummuwa,
yudummawa, gudunmaiva ;
to ask for h. zukatta ; to
obtain h. samu sauki ; to
send h. koro sauki.
lelp, tr. v. taya, tanya (S.),
tanye, tanyo, yin taya, tai-
maka, taimaki, taimake,
tamaya, yin taimako, agaje,
sauki, sauwaka, sawaka, yin
shalli ; to ask for h. gdyato.
lelper, n. ag. matainiaki, ma-
tanyi, abokin tayo.
iem, n. loft or lafe shaft,
R. H. D.
shafe; to make a h. kalmd-
sa, kalmashe; to h. round
ddje.
hemorrhoids, bdsur.
hemp, African bowstring h.
moda; Indian h. rama.
hen, n. kdza, pi. kaji a hen
laying eggs dakwaluwa, da-
kwalwa ; the Hen and
Chickens constellation which
appears when the rainy season
is coming kaza mai-yaya or
kaza da yaya.
hence, adv. ddga nan, ddga
wurin nan.
hen-coop, n. akurkin kaza,
akurki.
henna, lalle.
her, 1. possess, pron. suffixed
to a masc. n. -nta, suffixed
to a fern. n. -Ita, -rta, e.g.
h. daughter diyarta, h. camel
rakuminta; used separately
if the object possessed is
masc. nata, if fern, ta ta, see
H. Grammar; these stand
also for Engl. 'hers.'
2. pers. pron. objective
suffixed to verbs and preps.
-ta, e.g. he saw h. ya gan ta,
to h. gare ta ; and separate
(after prepositions) ita, e.g.
he returned along with h. ya
komo tare da ita.
herb, n. (green blade) ganye,
fern, ganya, pi. g any aye.
herd
114
hinder
herd, n. garke*, garge (S.), pi.
garkuna,
herdsman, n. makiyayi, pi.
makiyaya, makyayi, pi. mak-
yaya.
here, adv. nan, a wurin nan,
daga nan, the latter also =
from h., from this point, e.g.
do you know the way from
h. ka sani hanya daga nan
ko?
hereditary, an h. profession,
chinikin gida.
heretofore, adv. (until now)
har yanzu ; li. I have not
heard this dadai ban ji
wannan ba] as h. kaman
na da ; see ever,
hermit, mai-halwa*, mai-kiya-
mal duniya*, sufi*.
hero, gamzo.
heron, n. zarbi, zarbe, zalbi ;
great white h. or egret farin
zarbi ; see egret,
hers, separ. possess, pron. nata,
tata ; see her.
hesitate, intr. v. yin zuchiya
biyu.
hesitation, n. zuchiya biyu.
hiccough, n. shdkuwa, chiwon
shdkuwa.
hid, to be, v. boye, boyi.
hidden, particip. boyaya, boyu,
rufaffe, fern, rufaffa, pi.
rufaffu.
hide, n. kildgo, pi. kildgai ;
kilabo, kirgi, the latter used
of h. after tanning, the un-
tanned h. is called fata.
hide, 1. tr. v. rufe, rufi or rife*,
boye, boyi, sakaye, sulle.
2. intr. v. (to hide oneself)
boye, boyi, lobe (S.), robe (K.),
fake, see ambush ; to h.
behind a person in fear
rafake, ranfake, rampaki ; to
h. oneself boyo; to h. right
away or completely bobboye.
hiding, n. boyewa.
hiding-place, n. maboya, ma-
boyi, mafaka, fako* ; a place
for hiding or laying up any-
thing ma-aje, ma-aji.
higgle, v. talla*.
high, adj. dogo, fern, doguwa,
pi. dog aye, da tsawo.
hill, n. tudu, pi. tudodi or
tuduna, tsauni, pi. tsaunoni,
tsaunaye, tsaununa ; a h.
covered with sand jiggawa
or jigawa, pi. jigawoyi or
jigawuna ; hillock burji,
birji.
himself, pron. both emphatic;
as shi da kansa, and also!
reflexive, e.g. prov. he who!
weeps for another weeps for
h. kowa shi ke kuka da wani
shi kuka da kansa.
hinder, adj. no-bay a, fem. ta-
baya.
hinder, tr. v. hdna, kwabe
hip-bone
115
hold
kwaba, kwabo, laruranta,
tankosa, tankwasa.
hip-bone, n. kdtdra.
hippopotamus, n. dorina, pi.
dorinai or doriiinoA.
hire, n. (wages) lada, sufuri,
aldro, ijdra; a hired labourer
kwadigo, dan kwadigo ; a
person seeking h. mai-koda;
to work for h. yin sufuri.
hire, tr. v. yin sufuri, sufurche,
*>(t'tirta, sufurchi, jinganta,
\jarta.
hiring, R. ijarchi.
his, possess, pron. suffixed to
a masc. n. -nsa, suffixed to a
fern. ri. -Isa, -rsa, e.g. h.
camel rakuminsa, h. mare
, godiyarsa ; as separate pron.
if the object possessed is
masc. nasa or nai, if fern.
tasa or tai.
,liss, intr. v. yinfuchi.
aissing, n. shishita ; of snakes
fuchi.
.listory, tariyo*.
lit, tr. v., see strike,
lither, adv. nan*, ga wurin
nan*.
10 ! inter j. to call attention
kai.
ioard, to tsimi da.
tobble, a rope used to h.
horses, n. dabaibayi, dabai-
biya (S.), tabaibayi, tarndki.
tobgoblin, n.fatalwa.
hoe, n. fatanya, fartanya, hau-
ya, pi. hauyu, hauyuna or
hauyoyi, mashemi, kyanie,
kuruga; spec, a large h.
bent like small plough galma
(S.), garma (K.) ; a long-
handled h. with triangular
blade kumbu, kumbuiva ; a h.
with long handle and broad
blade used for cutting stubble
kwasa ; a h. used as a dibble
sungumi.
hoe, tr. v., to dig or stir the
ground noma, nomi, nome,
chira, furi, firi, fuda, huda ;
to cut down grass with a h.
shema ; the first hoeing after
sowing gwarzo (S.), turbe,
chirbe (Z.) ; the first hoeing
before sowing kaftu, kabtu,
kufurtu ; clearing ground for
hoeing zdfa (S.).
hoed, nomamme, fern, nomam-
miya, pi. nomammu.
hog, n., see pig.
hoist, to h. a flag chira tufa
bisa.
hold, tr. v. rika, rike, riki,
riske, riski, ruska, aje*, e.g.
he held the door ya aje kofa;
to h. fast in the mind rike,
rika, riki ; to lay h. on kama ;
to h. up at arm's length ddga ;
to h. back turke, zamne* ; to
h. the breath hadiye (hade
or dauki) lumfashi.
8-2
holding fast
116
horn
holding fast, n. rikawa.
hole, n. rami, rame (S.), pi.
ramuna, ramu, kwarmi, pi.
kwarmu, bariya or babbariya
(^),faffago,fdgo,fuji, kurji,
pi. kurfofi, kurfu, pampama
(S.),mashiga, sdra ; h. for game
to fall into hdko, pi. hdkoki,
bima ; a h. for dung kwakwari,
masai, saiga a back entrance
to a fox or rat h. buga ; a h. in
which grain is plan ted kamfa;
a h. in a wall kusfa, kusuwa
(S.) ; h. where dirty water
is thrown katami, kwatami \
a h. to look out at taga ; h.
for storing corn tsunjiya ; h.
made in nose of ox for rope
asirka, zari ; h. for entrance
kofa ; h. in a seam bardka ;
to make many holes huhuda,
fuffuda.
hollow-backed, adj. gantsar-
wa.
holy, adj. da tsarki ; a holy
man sharif.
homage, n. chaffa, chappa,
mubaya>) mabaya.
homage, to do (by kneeling
down) intr. v. durkusa, yin
chaffa.
home, n. gida' } at h. chlkin
gida.
honest, adj. mai-gaskiya, da
gaskiya ; an h. man mutumen
gaskiya.
honey, n. zummuwa, zuma,
ruwan zummuwa ; a stick of
h. algarwai.
honey-guide (bird), gunda,
maganiya, dan zuma.
honour, n. yabo, daraja, dara-
jiya, manyanchi, mayanchi>
girma, daukaka.
honour, tr. v. yin yabo, gir-
mama, bdda girma, ba (or
bdda) daraja.
honoured, participial adj. ya-
babbe, fern, yababba, pi. ya-
babbu.
hoof, n. kofato, pi. kofatai.
hook, n. kugiya, pi. kugiyoyi
or kugiyuna large wooden
h. kwandariya; hooks on a
fishing-line, coll. mammari }
murumuru ; a fish h. fatsa y
kugiyar fdtsa.
hook, to h. on to kalgame (S.);
to stick with a h. makdta.
hoopoe, chigi da tukku, katutu.
hop, to h. on one foot, intr. v.
lange, bira, dira.
hope, n. bege, see expectation
hope, intr. v. yin bege, ta-
maha, yin tamaha.
hopping, n. langa, lange.
hopping, n. dire:, a h. gam<
shillalo.
horn, n. kdfo, pi. kafoni an<
kafuna, kaho ; (a trumpet
kdfo, waza ; a cow with a }
growing downwards saniy i
hornbill
117
hot
mai-dauri ; without horns
dugumi.
hornbill (Bucorvus pyrrhops),
ground h. burtu ; African h.
chilikowa ; shamo, &hamuwa ;
see also ka-ki-ganin Allah.
'horned, da kafo.
hornet, n. rina, pi. rinoni,
horse, n. doki, fern, godiya,
pi. dawaki, dawakai ; spec.
young h. soft, safe, fern.
safiya; dukushi, fern, dukusa,
pi. dukusai ; old lean h.
guzuma, gwabta ; war h. in-
garma, pi. ingarmu ; ah.
that walks with its ankles
on ground mai-takin biri ; a
h. with a hollow back doki
mai-lotso ; a bay h. furde,
sari ; a black h. akawali,
kyara, kiyara ; a speckled
black and white h. chichiro ;
a brown h. aharas, ahara-
shi, fern, aharasa ; a cream-
coloured h. akaza; a light
brown h. gunya, sira (S.) ; a
bay or dun h. sari; white-
faced h. bola ; a white h.
kill, fern, kiliya ; a roan h.
bidi, dandas saki ; a black
and white h. kilikamya (S.),
sheji ; h. speckled white with
black alshqfi, fern, alshafa.
Horse's harness, diseases,
etc. : small bells on h. head
chikasaura, chikasabra ; strap
round h. head maraya ; h.
breast-band dan gaba; h.
breast-strap fastened to
saddle majayi; h. cloth put
under saddle kafu ; a disease
of h. foot just above the hoof
alafa ; a skin disease in a h.
siminya ; a disease on legs of
a h. tijo ', a medicine poured
into h. mouth chushe ; a
place for horses shamaki, pi.
shamakai; a h. disease which
causes the hair to fall off
dasusu ; a runner in front
of a h. gurgure.
horseback, on, adv. phr. bisa
(or bisan) doki ; a man on h.
mai-doki, pi. masu-doki ; to
mount on h. hau bisa doki ;
to take exercise on h. ki-
lisa.
horse-fly, n. barbaje ; also
called damisan dawaki being
spotted like a leopard ; a
large buzzing h. gwarje.
horseman, n. mai-doki, pi.
masu-doki.
horse-raddish, tree (Moringa
pterygosperma) zogalagandi.
hospitality, to show h. yin
bakonchi.
host, n., entertainer mai-md-
shidi, mai-masabki ; a great
multitude babban taro.
hot, adj. da zafi, dumi, da dumi,
hot-tempered
118
hue
flimi, da dimi ; h. water
ruwan zafi or ruwan dumi ;
it is h. (of the weather) rana
da dumi; the h. or dry
season rani ; the hottest part
of the dry season just as the
rains are beginning bdzara;
the h. month at end of rains
agazari (K.), agajeri (S.).
hot-tempered, mai-jaji.
hound, n., see dog.
hour, sa'a ; the hours of the
day are only reckoned ap-
proximately by the Hausas,
they are : jijifi the twilight
just before the dawn; assuba
or azuba* the dawn; hantsi
two hours after dawn, i.e.
circ. 8 a.m. ; walaha circ.
10 a.m. ; rana tsdka or tsdkar
rana mid-day ; zawal circ.
2 p.m. ; azuhur, azahar, time
of the call to prayer, circ. 2 or
2.30p.m.; la'asar 4 to 5 p.m.;
magariba or magarub just
before sunset ; mareche late in
the evening ; almauru, lisha
very late in the evening ; dare
time between lisha and jijifi.
house, n. glda, pi. gidaje,
ffidadaji, shigifa, pi. shi-
gifu and shigifqfi ; a four-
cornered thatched h. tafar-
fara, see hut; h. of one
room ddki, pi. dakuna; he
is in the h. yana daka ;
top of h. or upper storey of h.
kan daki; a desolate ruined
h. kangOj pi. kangogi, kan-
gaye; all the people belong-
ing to one h. kabila ; master
of h. mai-gida ; a flat-roofed
h. soro (K.), pi. soraye.
household, n. glda ; father of
the h. ubangida, fern, uwal-
glda or uwarglda.
householder, n. mai-gida.
hovering, (of a bird) shawagi,
jewa.
how, adv. 1. interrog. kaka.
2. rel. kaka, kanda, yaya
(S.), wada, ydda, yadda; h.
dost thou know ? kaka ne ka
sani; h. are you going to
manage 1 kaka za ka yi ; h.
long ? har yaushe, tun yaushe;
h. many ? nawa or guda
nawa; h. much 1 nawa ; phr.
h. many persons were there ?
mutum nawa ke nan ? h.
long will it be before you |
finish? sai yaushe za ka
gama 1
however, 1. rel. adv. (in
whatever manner) ko kaka.
2. adversative conj. (but)
bari dai ; fache*.
howl, intr. v. yin kuka, yin,
hargowa.
hucksters, yan shimfida, see
retailer.
hue, n. (of colour) launi.
hum
119
hyena
hum, ii. amo; h. of conversa-
tion dumi.
hum, intr. v. yin amo.
humanity, n. (the nature of
man) mutumchi.
humble, adj. da karamin red.
humble person, ladafi, la-
ddbi.
humble, tr. v. kaskantad da,
maidakarami, e.g. he humbled
himself ya maida kansa kara-
mi.
humiliate, to kankanta.
humiliation, n. kankanchi.
hump, n. doroj kazaza, ku-
sumbi ; h. on bull, etc. tozo ;
humped cattle jabajaba
without a h. muturu.
hump-backed, adj. mai-doro,
mai-gantsarwa, da kusumbi.
hunch-back, n. kazaza, kusum-
bi, mai-doro.
' hundred, num. dari, miya,
minya, zangu, the last is
generally restricted to count-
ing cowries ; two h. dari
hiyu, metin*, metari*.
hunger, n. yunwa, yunwa-
chi.
hunger, to suffer, n. matsu*,
jnatsi, jin yunwa.
hungry, adj. da yunwa ; I
am h. ina da yunwa; a h.
person mayunwachi, pi. ma-
yunwata.
hunt, v.yinfarauta.
hunter, n. mafarauchi, pi.
mafarauta.
hunting, n. farauta.
hurry, n. yaraje.
hurry, to be in a, v. yaugata,
yagauta; h. up ku chika, ku
jlka or ku yi da jlka ; I
am in a h. na kosa.
hurt, tr. v.fama ; I have h. my
leg nafama kafa.
husband, n. miji or namiji,
pi. maza, gwarzo* ; h. and
wife miji da mata.
husk, n. (of grain) surfs ; a h.
of maize totuwar masara.
husk, to h. grain, tr. v. surfe,
surfa, swaba, saba, sabe.
husked, (rice, etc.) surfajffe.
husks, coll. dusa, dussa (S.) ;
h. from wheat, etc. tsdki ; h.
of guinea-corn kono (K.),
konu (S.) ; h. enclosing an
ear of corn buniya.
hut, n. shigifa ; a h. for storing
grain in shirayi ; a light
thatched h. rudu ; a grass h.
bukka, tsangaya ; a h. with
grass walls but with distinct
roof dakin zana (K.), dauke,
dabi (S.) ; a round h. kago ;
a mud h. kudandani, tseko ;
a h. in a compound reserved
for domestic work tsaka-
kari* ; a rectangular h. ta-
farfara.
hyena, kure*, fern, kura, pi.
hypocrisy
120
idolatry
kuraye, amlna*, daguyau
(K.), gazau*, shaki (S.), she-
yaki (K.) ; striped h. sayaki,
shaki, saki, sheyaki,; young
of h. barmakai.
hypocrisy, n. riya, pi. riyoyi ;
to practise h. yin riya.
hypocrite, n. mai-riya, pi.
masu-riya.
hyrax, West African tree h!
(squirrel) beran bisa.
I, 1st pers. pron. conim. gender;
1. na, prefixed to aor., e.g.
I went na tafi; I saw him
na gan shi ; with ba, often
contracted, e.g. I did not
see him ban gan shi ba ; see
H. Grain, p. 9.
2. ni suffixed to fut. and
passives, e.g. I shall go za
ni tafi; I was wounded by
a gunshot aka halbe ni da
bindiya. As a prefix to a
verb ni expresses the fut.,
e.g. ni tafi I shall go ; pre-
fixed to the aor. it denotes
an emphatic past, e.g. It was
I who went or I indeed went
ni na tafi ; ni is also to be
used in emphatic expressions,
e.g. I myself ni da kaina ; I
alone ni kadai ; is it I ? do
you mean me 1 niya.
3. ina expresses the present
and should be followed by
the participial form if there
be such, thus, I am coming
ina tafowa ; but ina so I am
willing.
ibis, rara, tuntumi ; the African
wood i. tsagagi ; see stork.
idiot, n. 1. from birth saruru*,
shashasha*.
2. fig., see fool, foolish.
idle, adj. 1. (doing nothing)
lalafa ; an idle person raggo,
fern, ragguwa, pi. raggaye,
raggaje, raggage, ragguna ;
dan karma, madudu (S.),
bakurogi \ one who is i.
mai-lalachi, malalachi, mai-
kasala, bahili* \ to be i. yin
huji.
2. (in vain, unprofitable)
banza, babu anfani.
idleness, n. rdgaita, pi. ragaitu,
ragganchi, raggonchi, karma, \
lalachi, lalafanchi, sausauchi, \
sosochi, the last also of un-
willingness to work ; to fight
shy of work rdfashe aiki, \
ragaiche, yin huji.
idler, n., see idle.
idly, one who saunters about
i., n. mai-ragaita.
idol, n. tsdfi, pi. tsdfuna and
tsafaffuka, gumki, givumki,
pi. gwumakai.
idolater, n. matsafi, pi. ma-
tsafa.
idolatry, n. shirku, kafirchi.
if
121
impediment
if, conj. idan, in, kddan (S.),
kan, izan, da, e.g. if I had
known, 1 would not have
done it da na sani da ban
yi shi ba; kan (before b,
k(fin), km'*, kul*.
ignoble, adj. banza, na banza.
ignorance, n. (i.e. religious
ignorance) jahilchi.
ignorant, adj. (relig.) jahili.
To be i. in a general sense
must be expressed by means
of the verbs sani, ji or (in
the case of an art or science)
saba with negatives.
ignorantly, da jahilchi.
iguana, n. tsari, tsare, guza.
ill, 11. (misfortune, loss) barna,
hasdra, asdra, tasari.
ill, adj. 1. (bad) mugu, fern.
mugunya, pi. miydgu, banza.
2. (sick) da chiwo; to be
i. yin chiwo, jin chiwo ; he
is i. shina da chiwo ; to
become i. chiutu, chutu.
illegitimate, child, n. shege,
dan shege, dan farka.
illiberal, adj. (stingy) da taurin
zucliiya ; he is i. hannunsa ya
bushe or hannunsa busashshe
ne lit. his hand is dry.
illiberality, n. taurin zuchiya,
kalmashen zuchiya.
illicit, adj. haram.
illness, n. chiwo, chiwuta.
illuminate,tr. v. 1 .g
2. to i. a manuscript zaya-
na.
image, n. 1. (likeness, picture)
kdma, pi. kamanu, kdmannu.
2. (a graven image or idol)
gumki, gwamki, pi. guma-
kai.
imagination, wasuwasi* ; she
imagined within herself ta
yi wasuwasi a zuchiya tata.
imagine, v. yin tamaha, zato,
yin zache see suppose,
imbibe, tr. v. (to drink in or
absorb) sha.
imitate, tr. v. to i. another's
pronunciation or actions kok-
koya, rikida, e.g. I imitate
him ina kokkoyonsa.
imitation, kokkoyo.
immediately, adv. ko yanzu,
nan da nan.
immerse, tr. v. tsoma, nuche,
nutse, niche, duhniya, yin
dunane.
immigrant, shigege.
immorality, (between women)
mddigo.
impasse, (a place from which
there is no outlet) kurewa.
impatience, garaje.
impatient, adj. maras-hankuri.
impede, tr. \. hana.
impediment, n. 1. hindrance
abin hana.
2. impediment in speech
ininar halstie.
impertinence
122
indecency
impertinence, tsiwa, janjan-
chi, giggiwa (K.), taurin ido.
impertinent, adj. mai-tsiwa,
matsiwachi.
importance, manyanchi, ma-
yanchi.
important, adj. babba, pi.
manyaormaya] an i. person,
n. datijo, kunkumi*.
impossible, it is, impers. v.
ba shi yuuwa, ya gagara, ya
faskare, ya gaza, ya kdsa ;
an i. task tarki* (S.).
improper, adj. ba daidai
improve, tr. v. gyarta.
improve, in health, intr. v.
warware, yin rangwame, jin
dama see health.
improvement, e.g. in health
dama.
impudent, adj., see imperti-
nent.
impurity, of water zartse.
in, prep, chikin or ddga chikin,
a, gun^ e.g. in the basket
chikin sanfo; in this place
a wurin nan.
in order that, conj. phr. a bisa,
domin, don, e.g. practise
diligently in order that you
may shoot well ku yi anniya
liar da za ka iya halbin bin-
diga da kyau, in order that
he might hear domin or don
shi ji.
inability, n. gajewa.
inasmuch, i. as da shi ke or
da ya ke.
incantation, tsubbu, dobo.
incense, n. turare, kamshi*.
incessant, madawami, fern.
madawamiya.
incline, a steep, n. gangare or
gangara, pi. gangaru.
incline, tr. v., to i. the head
tsugunna ; to i. the ear kar-
kata kunne.
incomplete, to be yin kwabro.
incompletely, to do a thing i.
saya.
incompleteness, kwabro,
kwauro.
incorrigibility, shakiyanchi.
incorrigible, shakiya.
increase, n. daduwa, auki,
abki, kdrij karuwa.
increase, v. 1. tr. kdra ; ddda y
dddi, yin auki (or abki), dora,
sofa, sufa, riba, shirga.
2. intr. ddda, yin ddduwa,
yado, yadu, kdru, gawurta,
gatvusta, taska, zarche*.
incredulity, an inter j. ex-
pressing i. ayal haba ! hubba!
incurable, e.g. an i. disease
chiwon wofi ; the fool is i.
ma/iaukachi ba shi warkewa.
indebted to, intr. v., e.g. I
am indebted to you ina da
bashinka.
indecency, n. kazamta, shaki-
yanchi.
indecent
123
ingratitude
indecent, adj. kazdmi, pi.
kazdmai, maras-kumya, babu
kumya, sk&kiyi.
indecision, zrn.
indecorous, adj. ba daidai.
indeed, 1. adv. (in truth, in
fact) hakika, babu shakka or
babu shah, babu waiva, da
yaskiya, takar (K.).
2. as affirmative emphatic
particle ai, ashe, aiwa or ewa,
anche, mddala, dai or de, the
last is enclitic following the
word which it is desired to
emphasise.
3. interj. of doubt or sur-
prise to! ashe ! anche ! h aba !
Thus, in question and answer,
indeed 1 indeed ! ashe ? ashe I
da yaskiya ? da yaskiya !
indemnification, ramko.
indemnify, to ramka.
independence, zdman kansa.
india-rubber, n., see rubber,
indicate, v. nuna, mini, yaya.
indifference, n. (carelessness)
lalachi.
indigence, n. talauchi.
indigenous, kado,pl. habe.
indigent, adj. talaka, talakka
(S.), pi. talakawa, talakkawa ;
an i. person mai-tcdaka.
indigo, n. bdba, shuni, ta-
laki* ; spec, the second
annual crop of i. kususu ;
an indigo dye-pit marina,
pi. marinai old used-up i.
dagwalo, daaalo.
indistinct, to become, intr. v.
dnshi.
indistinctness, n. dushewa.
industrious, n. maaikachi.
infant, n. (up to one year old)
jinjiri, pi. jirajirai, jariri,
jarlli.
infantry, coll. n. kirma ; in-
fantry leader sarikin kirma.
infidel, n. kafiri, pi. kajirai
and kafirawa.
infidelity, n. (in a religious
sense) kajirchi.
infirm, adj. kumama, see
weak.
infirmity, n. kumamanchi.
inflict, tr. v., to i. blows buga,
bubbuga ; see beat ; to i.
punishment pallashe,fallashe.
influence, n. (authority, power)
hukumchi.
inform, v. (to bring intelli-
gence, to apprize) labarta,
ba labciri^ sanan da, sanas
da, sanar da, sanashe ; to i.
against sare, sara or zara*
see accuse.
information, n. (news, ac-
count) labdri.
informer, n. mai-sara, pi.
masu-sara.
ingrate, n. butulu, mai-butul-
chi, pi. masu-butulchi.
ingratitude, n. butukhi.
inhabitant
124
instruct
inhabitant, n. mai-zamna, pi.
form mazowa.
inherit, v. gdda, gdde, gddo,
gdji, gdje.
inheritance, n. gddo.
inheriting, gadowa.
inheritor, magaji, pi. magada.
iniquity, n. mugunta, keta;
see evil.
injure, tr. v. (to damage) bata,
bdchi, barnatadda.
ink, n. taddawa, adawa, tawa-
da (K.) ; a tree from the
fruit of which i. is made
fara-kaya ; a gum which is
put in i. kdro ; a powder
used in making i. kawiya,
kunkuniya*.
ink-blot, 11. dangole.
inn, n. (i.e. a khan or halting
place for the night) mashidi.
innkeeper, n. mai-mashidi.
innocent, adj. babu laifi, bora;
an i. person maras-laifi ; to
be declared i. kubuta.
innuendo, karin-magana.
innumerable, adj. expr. by
phr. fi kidayawa, e.g. he has
innumerable books shina da
litatafi sun fi kidayawa.
inquire, v. tambaya, yin tam-
baya, yin binchike.
inquiry, n. tambaya, sha-loga
(K.), binchike, bahasi, ba-
hatsi*.
insane, adj., see mad.
insanity, tabuwa.
insect, n., spec, minute i.
found in kola-nuts sankara',
a night-flying i. which has
a bad smell buzuzu ; a boring
i. aunda, qumda : see beetle.
t7 . * / *
inside, n. chiki \ i. the house
chikin gida ; its inside or
inside it may both be ex-
pressed by chikinsa ; see in.
insight, n. (clear perception)
lura.
insipid, adj. I ami, da Idmi,
babu zaki.
insolence, gigiwa (K.), jan-
janchi, tsiwa.
insolent, adj. mai-tsiwa, da
tsiwa, matsiwachi.
inspire, v. (to breathe in) tofo.
instance, n. nuni; see ex-
ample.
instantly, adv. nan da nan,
koyanzu.
instead of, prep, gurbin,
umrin, bigeri, madadin, e.g.
instead of it gurbinsa, gun-
so*, wumnsa,
lerensa.
instigate, to chuna.
instruct, v. 1. (teach) koya,
e.g. instruct me in reading
ka koya ma ni karatu ; gal-
gade, gargadi.
2. (of religious instruction
especially that combining re-
proof and threatening) fora,
fori t fore, yinforo.
instruction
125
interpret
instruction, n. foro, wa'azi*,
tra'dzu*, aldma or haldma,
pi. alamomi, almajirchi ; all
these words refer to religious
teaching, i. in a general sense
must be expr. by verbs etc.,
e.g. a man of no i. wanda bai
*<rn komi ba; he received
much i. from them in litera-
ture suka koya masa karatu
dayatva ; self-i. haye*.
instrument, n. 1. (implement)
kaya, pi. kayayeki, makami.
2. (musical i.) kidi or kida,
any kind of wind i. busa, pi.
buske-buske ', spec, a kind of
stringed i. machirkiya, ma-
tsirkiya; a wind i. pampami,
famfami; wind i., flute
sarewa; wind i. resembling
bagpipes algaita or algaitu ;
a player on a musical i. ma-
kidi-, see music.
insubordination, tayasuwa,
kin ji, kangara.
insufficient, to be yin kwabro.
integrity, n. (honesty) gaskiya.
intelligence, n. 1. (mental
power), tsimi, hasikanchi,
wayo, fasaha* ; see under-
standing.
2. (news) labdri, e.g. let
me give you i. of the war
im ba ka labdrin yaki.
intelligent, adj. ywani, mai-
tsimi, da tsimi, hasiki.
intend, v. for the idiomatic
use of da to express un-
fulfilled intention see Gr. pp.
34, 46, e.g. I intended to go
da za ni tajiya, had I known
I would not have thrown her
down on purpose da na sani
da ba najefa ta da gang an ba.
intention, n. (purpose) kuli,
ganganchi; (fixed application)
anniya, aldma ; see prec.
intentionally, adv. dagangan.
intercede, to i. for c/ieta,
chetas.
interceder, mai-chechi.
interceding, fafo.
intercession, machechiya.
interest, on money ruwa, fifi-
ko, riba.
interfere, v. shlga shdgali, yin
karambani.
interference, n. gadauniya,
janjanchi, shishigi* ; i. with
what does not concern one
karambdni, kazallaha, izgili,
isgili.
interior, n. (the inside of any-
thing) chiki.
interloper, shigege.
intermarry, to garwaye.
intermingle, tr. v. hautsina ;
intr. v. saje (K.), sade (S.).
intermingling, surki, see
mixing.
interpret, v. 1. (to translate)
juya da magana or juya
interpretation
126
iron
magana, yin fasara, fasarta,
mayas da; he interprets ya
rabbi fasalinsa.
2. (to explain) waye.
interpretation, n. (both trans-
lation and explanation) fa-
sara, fasali*, wayewa.
interpreter, n. alfakani, ta-
furta, mayayi*.
interrogative. This sense is
expr. by a change in the
intonation, by ko placed at
the beginning or end or at
both beginning and end of
a clause, or by adding the phr.
ko ba haka bat also by ba
when answer is in affirmative,
ni ba 1 It is I, is it not ?
interrupt, to i. yin shishige,
tura magana ; a nickname
for one who interrupts a
conversation kazallatuwa.
interruption, n. fdshi.
intersection, gichi, gichiya.
intertwine, to kalgame, kar-
game.
intervals, at i. wuche-wuche.
intestine, n. spec, the large i.
tumburkuma, tuburkuma,
karera, mazawuri ; the in-
testines coll. hanji.
into, prep, chikin or ddga
chikin, e.g. he fell i. the
water ya fadi chikin ruwa ;
he was turned or changed i.
a sheep ya sauya tumkiya.
intoxicant, n., an i. drink
barasa, this word is also
applied specially to gin ; an
intoxicating drink which is
made from the palm tree
(tukuruwa) bammi, bam an
intoxicating drink made from
guinea-corn giya ; an i. drink
made with honey, salt and
water buza ; a place of in-
toxicating drinks mashaya.
intoxicated, maye.
intoxication, n. maita.
introduction, a letter of, n.
bishara.
invalid, machuchi, majiyachi,
majinyachi.
invasion, farmaki, falmaki,
firmaki.
invent, to kaga.
invention, kage (S.).
investigation, judicial bahasi,
binchike.
invisibility, (the power to
vanish at will) baduhu, ba-
dufu.
invocation, n., i.e. to God
zikiri, safirchi, safurchi ; we
make i. muna zikri.
invoke, to sdba, sabi.
invulnerable, dan tauri.
iron, n. karife, karfe, pi. kara-
fa, karfaifai, karfuna ; spec.
i. wrought into cups, bright
i. zubi ; to burn with hot
i. lalas; an i. for brand-
iron
127
jelly-fish
ing zarto; an i. pot karife,
karipe.
iron, adj. na karife, fern, ta
ktn-ife, with plurals na karife,
e.g. i. bars sanduna na karife.
iron ore, n. tama, matamachi ;
i. dross kashin tdma.
irons, leg-, n. gigar, malwa.
irony, gdtse.
irregular, of i. lengths sabe.
irrigate, to shayas da.
irrigated, garden, n. lambu.
irritable, adj. da zafin rai.
irritated, particip. adj. husan-
che*.
irritation, takaichi, see anger.
is, subst. v. 1. (simple copula)
with masc. subject ne, with
fern, che, with either ke.
2. (implying real existence
= there is) akwai ; ina, na,
fern, ta, thus, there is ina da
shi, there are many ina da
su dayawa ; ke with nan,
e.g. there is a book which I
know wani litafi ke nan da
na sani; see be.
island, i\.gungu*,Tp\.gunguna*,
hmgu*, chibiri*, tsibiri*.
isolate, tr. v. yin kadaita.
it, pers. pron. neut. ya, fern, ta;
separate and emphatic forms
*hi, fern, ita ; its -nshi, -nsa,
fern, -rsa ; nasa or nai, fern.
tasa, tas or tai.
itch, n. kaikai, kaikayi, kaswa,
kazuwa, susa, zuza, kurji ;
one who has the i. mai-kurji.
itch, to yin susa or yin zuza.
itching, n., spec. i. sore on toes
or fingers kurkushe, kusa-
kushi, kushekusheya] aprickly
plant that causes i. karara.
ivory, n. hakorin giwa or
haurin giwa ; a piece of i.
haurin giwa, kdkara*.
jackal, n. dila, pi. diloli, mala-
min ddwa, kdrem buki, ka-
rem biki, dan ba'ura, ballo ;
the cry of the j. kyakkyewa,
kekewa.
jail, n. kurkuku, see prison,
jailer, mariko.
jam, tr. v. (to press) mache,
machi or matse ; (to stick
fast) tokdra*.
jar, small, n. sintali, shintali,
tulu*.
jaw, n. kumatu, kumche (S.) ;
fig. jaws baki.
jaw-bone, mummuke, pi. mu-
kamukai.
jealous, to be kisanta.
jealousy, n. kishi or kishiya,
pi. kishiyoyi, hdsada, sha-
mata.
jeer at, v. ba'a or yin ba'a, yin
gori, rena, kwalla* ; ba dariya,
e.g. they jeered at us suka
ba mu dariya.
jelly-fish, n. kawara.
Jerusalem
128
judgment
Jerusalem, pr. n. birnin kudus.
jester, n. (buffoon) babambade,
bade, maba'achi ; (foolish
trifler) wawa.
jesting, n. bananchi, annashu-
wa.
Jesus, Isa, Yasu'u, the latter
form represents the original
Arabic name.
jet-black, adj. baki kirin.
Jew, gent. n. ba-Yahude, pi.
Yahudawa.
j ewel, n. yakutu* ; dutsi* (stone)
often denotes a precious stone.
jog, e.g. of a donkey sassaka,
see trot.
join, tr. v. gdma, gwarmi*,
rika, lika \ to j. heads to-
gether (in consultation or
forming a plan) gama kai ;
intr. (to fall in with anyone
by overtaking or meeting
him) gamu or gamo constr.
with prep, da \ tar da, tar ad
da and tar as da, e.g. we
joined him mun gamu da shi
or mun tar as da shi ; to j.
issue kulla* ; to be joined
together kullu.
joiner, n. (carpenter) masas-
saki, pi. masassaka.
joint, n. ido*, pi. idanu*, idan-
danu*, idanuwa ' } ankle j.
idon sawu, idonkafa; wrist j.
idon hannu (also = knuckle) ;
godawa* ; j. of scissors kwarmi,
pi. kwarmu, g war mi ; to be
out of j. gochi and goche ; j.
of the body gdba, pi. gabobi ;
to suffer from a disease in
the j. targade.
jostle, tr. v. tunkuda, ture.
journey, n. tafiya, pi. tafifiya;
provisions for a j. guzuri ; to
make provision for a j. yin
guzuri.
journeying, n. tafiyawa.
joy, n. (the inward feeling)
farin chiki ; (coupled with
the outward expression)
murna, bushasha, bashasha,
fara'a to experience j. (to
rejoice) yin fara'a, yin or
jin murna ; a cause for
j. abin murna ; j. or a cry
of j. guda \ to cause j. bada
murna.
judge, n. alkali, pi. alkdlai, !
alkallai (S.); the office of a
j. alkalanchi.
judge, v. 1. gen. (to look into,
discern) yin bibiya in a
weaker sense, to imagine,
or think tammaha or yin
tammaha.
2. (of a judge) yin shari'a,
kdda, yin alkalanchi.
judgment, n. 1. gen. bibiya.
2. (of law and justice)
shari'a, hakumchi or hukum-
chi,fukumchi*, alhaki, hisabi ;
the j. day ranan (or ran)
jug
129
kicking
gobe (lit. the day of to-
morrow), gobe ; j. seat karaga.
jug, n. tulu*, randa* ; a brass
j. with narrow neck shintali,
shantali ; see j ar.
juggling, dfibo.
juicy, mai-mai.
juju house, (in a pagan
village) gidan dodo.
jujube -tree, magariya.
jump, n., of a fish or frog,
bulma, burma; he gave a j. ya
yi wuf.
jump, intr. v. tuma ; dira,
diri, diro, dara, daro ; tsalle,
tsuli, tsallache; to j. back-
wards and forwards wura ;
to j. down gangara, tsirga,
tsirgo ; to j. over haura.
jumping, n. dire, tsalle, tuma,
tumi.
just, adj. da gaskiya, daidai]
of things (= lawful) halal ; a
j. man mutumen gaske (gaski-
ya") or mutum na gaskiya.
just, adv., as in expression j.
(now) ko (yanzu).
justice, n. 1. (administration
of the law) shari'a.
2. (moral right) ddilchi.
justify, tr. v. 1. (to prove to
be in the right, to vindicate
as true) gaskanta.
2. (of a judge etc. to
declare in the right, to
ascribe right to) bada gaskiya,
R. H. D.
he was justified am ba shi
gaskiya.
j ute, malafiya, lalu, turgunuwa ;
bastard j. rama.
Kano, Kano the chief com-
mercial town of the W.
Sudan.
keen, adj. 1. (sharp-edged) da
kaifi.
2. (of acute intelligence)
mai-lura, mai-wayo.
keep, n. (to retain, hold) rike,
rika or riki ; (to tend, e.g.
sheep or cattle) kiwo ; to k.
carefully kiyaye j to k. a
promise chika magana, kama
magana; to k. on doing any-
thing rika.
kerchief, n. maharma \ a
woman's k. kallabi, alfuta.-
kernel, n. kwdra, kwaya.
kettle, n. shintali, sintali or
shantali, pi. shintalai ; an
earthen k. karife* or ka-
ripe*.
key, n. makubli, makulli, ma-
budi, dan makubli.
kick, n. shuri.
kick, tr. v. shura, shure or
jure*, bangaje, habriorharbi
used of horses ; to k. forwards
mangara ; to k. away han-
bare, hambare.
kicking, n., e.g. of a donkey
butsdri.
kid
130
kid, n. dan akwiya, pi. yan (or
yayan) akwiya.
kidney, n. gidibi (S.), kidibi,
pi. gidibai, kidiba ; koda,
kwoda.
kill, v. kdshe, kdsa, kisa, with
a shortened form kas, kibe,
fauchi* ' } he was killed out-
right aka yi masa take.
killing, adj. (murderous) kd-
sau, kdso.
kilt, cf. a man with a k. of
grass mai-bunu a gindi.
kind, n. iri, pi. irare, launi*.
kindle, tr. and intr. toyi, towi,
toy a, toye, tuya, tnna\ to re-
kindle or blow up a fire which
is nearly out fur a, mtr.furu,
e.g. they re-kindled the fire
suka fur a wuta, the fire
was re-kindled wuta tafuru ;
dosana, hasa, haza, tr. he
kindled the fire ya hasa wuta.
kindness, n. (goodness of
heart) nagarta ; (favour,
benevolence) alheri, chiki
daya, gafara and gafarta,
niima, nema, hasali (S.) \ an
act of k. kyauta, aikin ga-
fara, jinkai ; to do an act of
k. yin alheri, yin kyau, e.g.
they did me an act of k. sun
yi ma ni kyau.
kindred, n. kabila*, dangi,
dang a or dagi*, pi. dangogi.
king, n. sarki or sariki, pi.
sarakuna or sarakai, sard}
sultan* ; a king's son yarima,
gimba, pi. gimbayi] daughter
of a k. yimbiya; epithet
applied to a k. dan furdi ;
a reigning k. sariki mai-chi ;
a deposed k. fitachen sariki.
kingdom, n. sarauta, sarota,
daula ; to gain possession of
a k. chin sarauta \ see ac-
cede.
kingfisher, pied k. chinoya,
chinuya ; African belted k.
machi tsundum ; blue k.
tsitar or tsintar.
kiss, n. sumba.
kiss, tr. v. tsotsa, sumbunta,
sunibunche ; to k. hands to
yin sumba.
kissing, tsotso.
kitchen, n. madaji, pi. mada-
fai, wurin ddfuwa.
kite, n. (the bird) shafo, shalio,
kolo, shirwa.
knead, to k. together, tr. v.
garwaya.
knee, n. gwiwa, pi. gwiwaye,
gwiwoyi, gwiwu, guwawu }
pushing with the k. gula.
kneel, intr. v. durkusa ; kneel-
ing dulkushij durkushi ; to
k. down or prostrate oneself
gurfana (S.).
knickerbockers, dan wando.
knife, n. wuka, pi. wukake,
wukaikai (usually with two
knit
edges); barho(with one edge);
mayanki ; to sharpen or whet
a k. gyarta (or wasa) wuka,
yuka (Zanf.); spec, a small k.
almosa ; a k. used by women
kududuri ; a kind of k. with
handle to fit wrist and blade
projecting backwards kan-
gar or kanga; a k. carried
up the sleeve, attached by
a leathern ring umkar hannu
a scoop-shaped k. mafitsara ;
a sort of missile k. gariyo,
q. v. ; handle of a k. bota, kota
(K.) ; see kijiyi.
knit, v. sharaba*.
knock, v. gen. buga ; to k.
against, intr. gochi, goche,
gwabche, kdbra, kafra, tr. as
the hand against a wall
gwabra, gwabre, gwabure,
, gwabri, gumbari ; to k., e.g.
with a stick zungura; to k.
or kick bangaje ; to k. at a
door buga kofa, kwankwasa ;
to k. down tankade, bige (K.),
^Vme (K.), kiline (S.).
cnot, n. AwWt, p i. w^ ^^ ^ ;
a k. made in thread to prevent
the strands from unravelling
hanchi; to tie in a k. kum-
buche ; to get into a k. sarke.
:now, v. 8&ni, shina, rabe da
to k. clearly shaidani, fahim-
ta* ; to k. and understand
'- well sansanche; to k.
131
koran
certainly tabbache, tabbata,
e.g. do you k. for certain ?
ka tabbata 1 had you known ?
da kun sani 1 it cannot be
known ba ta sanuwa.
knowledge, n. azanchi, lura,
shini, shina, sani.
known, to make, v. ambachi,
gaya, chashe.
knuckle, n. gwiwar yatsa,
idon hannu.
kola-nut, n. goro, pi. gwarra ;
gamagari ; spec, a variety of
k.-n. from Gvvanja ataras,
from Yoruba ibi ; a light-
coloured k.-n. ganjigaga; see
also labuje, gamagari, ibi,
kursan-goro, gazari, sandalu,
hannun ruwa ; a bad k.-n.
gobro* ; a large k.-n. goriya;
packing placed round k.-nuts
fufu, huhu ; an insect found
in the k.-n. sankara ; a
basket of palm fronds in
which k.-nuts are packed
makara, mankara ; a late
crop of k.-nuts jankarago ;
large selected k.-nuts marsa ;
large and small k.-nuts mixed
saranwaga; little k.-nuts
minu ; an early crop of k.-
nuts nata.
koran, n. kurcm, alkorani, al-
korani ; the all-night reading
of the k. tukuri ; saying the
k. by rote-tulawa*.
92
labour
132
language
labour, n. aiki, pi. ayuyuka,
ayuka, aikoki or aikuna ;
farm 1. aikin gona ; 1. pains
wahalar haifuwa, nakudar
haifuwa.
labour, v. yin aiki ; aiki.
labourer, n. maaiki, fern, ma-
aikiya, pi. masu-aiki, ma-
aikachi, maaikata- kwadigo,
dan kwadigo.
lack, n. rashi.
lack, tr. v. tabe, tafe, rasa,
kdsa, tozarta* ; they 1. money
suna da rashin kurdi, see seq.
lacking, adj. mai-rashi, by
prefixing mara, e.g. 1. sense
mara-hankali.
lad, n. yaro, pi. yara.
ladder, n. mahayi*, karan-
gama, kuranga (K.), kwaran-
ga (S.), uwaranga (S.), tsani,
matakara, matakala.
laden, participial adj. labche
or labtache.
Lagos, the town of Iko.
lair, makwanchi.
lake, n. kogi*, pi. koguna, ko-
gina or kogai, korama*.
lamb, n. dan tumkiya, pi. yan
tumkiya; the paschal 1.
ragon lahiya.
lame, adj. gurgu, fern, gur-
guwa, pi. gurdgu, gurmu
(S.), mai-gwami, pi. masu-
gwami, amurgude, makasari,
fern, makasariya.
lame, to be, intr. v. yin gur-
gunta, dangyasa, dungashi,
targade* ; he goes 1. yana-
takwashi or tarkoshi : to
make 1. gugurta.
lameness, n. gurgunchi, guru-
gunta, gurmunta, gwami,
takwashi, tarkoshi, dangyashi t
dungashi, dingishi, kage*.
lament, v. yin kuka, see seq.
lamentation, n. kuka, pi. koke-
koke ; 1. at a funeral makoki \
to make 1. takaba ; see cry.
lamp, n. fitila, pi. fitilu, fitilai
or fitiloli ; 1. oil man Jitlla ;
he lit the 1. ya kunna Jittta >
we are working by 1. light
muna yin aikin fittia ; 1. wick
lagwani.
lance, n. mashi, pi. masusuka,
or masu.
land, n. (phys.) kdsa, pi. kdsa-
she, kasaisai ; (country) kdsa
and gari, pi. garuruwa, garu-
ruka or garigari.
landing place, n. mafichi.
landlord, hdkimi*.
landslip, matusge*.
language, n. 1. (speech) ma-
gana.
2. (tongue of particulai
nation) yare, magana ; t(
speak the Hausa 1. yin ma
. gana Hausa; halshe, harshe
pi. halshina or halassa
hausa*, pi. harata* ; the;
lapwing
133
lay
have no 1. but Hausa ba su
da yare sai Hausa.
3. (literary expression)
karatu.
lapwing, see plover.
large, adj. babba, pi. many a,
girma ; a 1. book babban litaji
or litaji babba very 1. ban-
kami.
large, to become, intr. v. girma
and yin girma.
larynx, rakumin wuya.
lasciviousness, kwartonchi.
lasso, to zarge.
last, the, n. (final state or case)
makarshe, makari, makare,
makara ; karshe used ad-
verbially = at the last, at last.
last, adj. narbwya, fern, ta-baya;
phr. the 1. day ranan (or
ran) gobe, -gobe' } the 1. sleep
(death) makarin barchi ; 1.
night jiya da dare 1. month
watan jiya ; 1. year bara ; at
1. adv. yauyau, karshe.
last, to, intr. v. ddda, dddi,
see continue.
lasting, n. (state of continu-
ance) dadawa.
lasting, adj. matabbata*, mada-
wami ; long 1. madawami,
fern, madawamiya.
latchet, maballi.
late evening, n. of time ma-
garub or magariba, manga-
riba- } later evening lisha.
late, to be, v. jinkirta, nauia,
yin nawa, yin yauchi, e.g-
he was 1. in arriving ya yi
yauchin zakuwa ; to be 1. in
doing anything makara ; one
who is 1. mai-makdra.
lateness, n. makdra, nawa ;
(delay) yauchi.
laths, thin wooden, coll. ka-
tamba*, kwangi.
latrine, makewayi, shadda.
laud, tr. v. yin kirari, yin
yabo also with pres. form na,
e.g. I laud thee ina yabonka.
laudation, n. kirari, yabo ; see
praise.
laugh, intr. v. yin dariya; to
cause to 1. ba (or badaj dari-
ya, e.g. ya ba ni dariya he
made me 1. ; to 1. at zunda,
yin zunda, yin zumda (S.),
ddra, e.g. they laughed at
ine sun darani; he laughed
at him yai gdtse ga shi ; to
1. heartily keta da dariya.
laughter, n. dariya.
law, 11. gen. shari'a, haddi*,
umarni ; to decide in 1.
raba shari'a ; (religious
ordinance) sunna, kaida a
prohibitory 1. doka*,
lawful, adj. halal, halas ; to be
1. halalta, halatta, halasta.
lay, tr. v. sa; of a bird, to
1. eggs aje (jefa, saka or yi)
kwai \ to 1. aside sa ; to 1.
laziness
134
leather
down kwantad da ' } to 1. hold
of or on kama to 1. down,
e.g. a load sabkad da.
laziness, n. raggonchi, ragaita,
kiwuya, kuya, lalafanchi.
lazy, adj. lalafa, (idle) raggo,
kumdma, mai-raggo, mai-
ragaita, mai-son jiki, maga-
jiyi, shallali.
lead, v. bida, bishe.
lead, n. (the metal) dalma,
darma 1. for making bullets
harsasshe.
leader, n. babba, tunari*, ko-
ranga (K.), also uba, pi.
ubanne and ubanai, e.g. their
1. babbansu ; 1. of a fight uban
yaki; spec. 1. of infantry
sarikin karma ; 1. of caravan
(chief) ,/o/i; (the headman
who precedes it) jdgdba or
shugdba; (the man who
walks behind it) madugu,
pi. madugawa; 1. in prayer
liman, limami, pi. limammai.
leaf, n. (of tree) fo/o, foAo*, pi.
tqfuna, waraka*, ganye, gan-
ya, pi. ganyaye, danyen itache :
1. of a book warka, waraka
spec, a 1. used for thatching
fitta.
league, n. (alliance) gaya.
leak, n. darshi, kdfa, yoyo; to
stop a 1. toshe.
leak, intr. v. darsa, tardra,
tardro, yin darshi, yin kdfa,
tsiyaya, yoya, yin yoyo, zuba,
zubo.
lean, adj. ramamme, fern, ra-
mammiya, pi. ramammu>
guzuma, lange-lange.
lean, to be or become, v. rame f
yin rama.
lean, intr. v., 1. against jin-
gina, jingine, dangana*, rdbo,
e.g. the fence against which
he was leaning dang an da ya,
rdbo da shi ; to 1. upon dan-
gana, ddgara, the last also
fig. to 1. upon in trust or
confidence, e.g. we 1. on thee
mun dogare ka.
leanness, n. rama, ramuwa,
ramanchi (K.), ramantaka,
(S.), alala.
leap, intr. v. tuma, dira, diro y
diri, yin zariya.
leaping, n. zariya.
learn, v. koya, yin koyo, sanas;
to 1. by heart samu harda.
learned, adj. mai-karatu ; a 1.
man mdsani, pi. masana;
malami, pi. mallamai ; a 1.
woman malama*.
learner, a bami, makoyi, sabon
shiga.
learning, n. koyo.
leather, n. (after it has been
tanned) kirgi ; (before it
has been tanned) fa ta ; spec.
strips of 1. coll. gunda ; strips
of black 1. coll. kwaro", a
leather-dresser
135
less
scraper used in dressing 1.
kartaje.
leather-dresser, n. majemi,
pi. majema ; baduku, pi. du-
kawa, badukai.
leathern, case for book, n. ya-
faka, yafakka (S.).
leave, tr. v. bari, bar, raida (S.) ; j
to 1. a thing and come back I
baro ; to leave a path or
track sau (or sake) hanya ;
to 1. behind bari or bar, raga ;
to 1. off daina, dena.
leaven, n. yami, kullu ; spec.
1. made from the acid pulp
of the tamarind tsamiya.
leaves, coll. kunnen itache,
ganyen itache, sansdmi, san-
sdmin itache.
leech, n. matsatsaku, turyuni
(S.), tsatseku (Zanf.), cha-
cheku, chichekko.
left, 1. (remaining, remainder,
rest) saura, kinyi, e.g. there
is little 1. sauran kadau ya '
rage; food 1. over sudi.
2. (of position) the 1. hauni, \
hagu or hagum ; the 1. hand !
hannu na hauni ; 1. -handed j
bahago.
left, part, bararre, fern, bararra,
pi. bararru ; what is 1. ] mi
ya rage ?
'leg, n. kdfa, pi. kafafu, kafa-
fuwa, kafafe, kdfofi, chinya,
pi. chinyoyi ; 1. bone kwabrin
kafa ; calf of the 1. dambubu,
tukatukai(1tL.), shardba; bent
1. (a disease) gwami \ 1. bent
by disease gwami, kaye* ;
with bent legs (i.e. through
disease) gurgu, iem.gurguwa,
pi. yurayu, this also = with-
out legs.
legend, tariyo*.
leg-irons, n. malwa, gigar.
leisure, sukuni (S.), see op-
portunity.
lemon, n. lemu, lemo.
lemur, a species of (Potto)
beran bisa*.
lend, v. bada dro, ramta ; see
loan.
length, n. 1. (of space and
time) tsawa, tsawo, tsayi,
tsai ; tsawanta, matsawa,
tsatstsawo.
2. (long continuance), of
life yawan rai, tsawon rai.
lengthen, to tsawaita.
leopard, n. damisa, pi. dami-
sai, aryini*, tsawarwara* ;
hunting 1. (or cheetah) rabbi.
leper, n. kuturu, pi. kutare,
mai-kuturta*, mai-kuturchi* .
leprosy, n. kuturchi, kuturta ;
spec, a mutilating form of 1.
machiri ; white 1. albaras.
less, adv. 1. (minus in com-
puting) bus, yaira, e.g. metin
yoma bus or 'metin yaira
goma = 200 - 10, i.e. 190.
less
136
lick
2. (= English negative
suffix -less) maras- (used as
prefix), e.g. shameless maras-
kumya.
less, much 1., comp. adv. bale,
balanta, balante, barshe, e.g.
this man was not able to
walk, much less take up his
load wannan ba ya iya yin
tafiya bale shi dauke kayan-
sa.
less, to grow or make 1., see
seq.
lessen, v. tr. and intr. rdgi or
rage, tawaya, towi, tauye ;
intr. ragu, tawaya, tauwi,
kasad da ; the waters are
lessening ruwaye suna ragu-
wa ; see seq.
lessening, participial n. ragu-
wa.
lest, conj. (for fear that, that...
not) kdda, e.g. he took the
medicine lest he should die
ya hadiye magani kdda ft hi
mutu ; don kdda.
let, tr. v. (allow) bari, bar; to
1. alone bari, bar, kyale* \ to
1. go shika ; to 1. down sabka,
sabki or sauka, also (with
da) sabkas or sapkas, shida,
e.g. I 1. down the load na
sabke kaya or na sabkas da
kaya or na shida da kaya ;
particip., 1. down sabkakke
to 1. go sallame, sdka, sake,
sdki ; to 1. loose saki, kunche,
kwanche, banya, banye ; to
1. out (of hire, etc.) sufuri,
sufurchi, yin sufuri or yin
sufurchi ; the particle in or
im before a following b is
sometimes elliptically used
to express 1., e.g. 1. me follow
you im bi ka.
letter, n. 1. (epistle) watika,
wasika, wasichi*, pi. watiku,
wasiku; takarda, pi. takardu,
laya*.
2. (a sign of the alphabet)
harafi, harift, pi. haruffa.
lettuce, n., spec, water 1.
kainmva.
level, adj. and adv. sosai, tan-
gam, tangas ; it is 1. ya yi
sosai, ya bazu.
level, to, e.g. a road baji, baje;
to rub smooth darje ; levelled
bazu.
liar, n. makariyachi, fern, ma-
kariyachiya, pi. makariyata,
liberality, n. baiwa.
liberate, tr. v. yanchi, yantas,
see free.
liberation, from slavery, n.
diyauchi or diyanchi.
liberty, n. yanchi.
lice, coll. kwalkwata, kwar-
kwata, see louse.
lichen, n. toto (S.), tautau (K.).
lick, or lick up, v. lasa, lashe,
suda ; to 1. the hand tanda.
licking
137
like
licking, tandewa ; 1. of fingers,
etc. tsotso.
lie, intr. v., to 1. down kwanche;
to 1. down to sleep kwana
and kiuanta ; to 1. face down-
wards rubda chiki ; a place to
1. down makwanchi ; to 1. in
wait yin fako ; a place to 1.
in wait mafaka ; to 1. with
.</'*/ (S.).
lie, n. kariya, keri.
lie, intr. v. (to tell lies) yanke
kariya, yin keri ; to give the
1. to kariyata.
life, n. rai, pi. rayu or rayuka,
rayukka, rawuka ; in more
general sense (= Engl. time)
zamani, yayi, e.g. during the
1. (= in the time) of the
prophet zamanin annabi ; to
come or come back to 1. rayu
coming back to 1., participial
n. rayuwa; to restore to 1.
raya ; position in 1. mutum-
chi ; a l.-time kwakwaro ; 1.-
long matseyi.
lift up, tr. v. c/iira, chire,
chiro or tsira, tsire, tsiro,
tdda, tashe, tsaida, hauda,
haushi, hausa, daukaka, do-
kaka spec, to 1. up a heavy
weight sunguma.
light, adj. (not heavy) shakap,
sakwap, sdkai, sakat.
light, adj. (full of light) mai-
haske ; 1. coloured patsi.
light, n. haske, pi. haskoki,
haskaikai; see seq.
light, tr. v. 1. (to give light)
haskaka, bada haske, e.g. the
moon gives light wata shina
bada haske.
2. (to set alight) to 1. a
fire hdsa (hdza, dza), wuta,
fura (or hura) wuta, ydda
wuta, dosana, kuna, kunna ;
the fire is lit wuta ta furu ;
to 1. a lamp kunna fitila.
light upon, intr. v. tsaya.
lighten, tr. v. 1. (to illuminate)
haskaka*, sarasara.
2. (of lightning) yin wal-
kiya.
lighting, (of a fire, etc.) yddiya.
lightning, n. walkiya.
like, adv. tamka, tamkar, tam-
kan, tamkat, tankat, tanfari,
Mma, kakakat*, kaman or
kdmal, e.g. this is 1. that
wannan shi ne tamkat wan-
chan', ya, yi, ta'ada*; adj.
tanfari or tamfari ; the
following are substantival
(as in Engl. one's 1.) kama,
pi. kamannu, e.g. his 1. ka-
mansa, misalinsa ; see like-
ness ; what is 1. to something
mai-maki, wani, e.g. 1. him
waninsa, shige, e.g. 1. them
shigensu, kwatanchi, e.g. 1.
this kwatanchin haka, misali^
see seq.
like
138
lioness.
like, adj. mai-kdma ; it is more
1. this than that ya yi kdma
da wannan ya fi wanchan.
like, as, adv. tamkar da or
tankar da, kdma or kdmad da
and kdman da, misali*, awa,
kamar yadda. ; 1. this kwatan-
chin hdka.
like, to make, tr. v. daidaita;
pass, it is made 1. unto a kwa-
tanchi; to be 1., i.e. to
resemble yin daidaiche, yin
kdma da.
like, tr. v. so, marmari.
liken to, tr. v. kwatanchi,
kwatamchi (S.), kddara,
kudira.
likeness, n. kdma, pi. kdman-
nu, misali, supa*, sifa, wani*,
e.g. his 1. kamansa, supansa,
waninsa or misalinsa; he
gave me his 1. (his portrait)
ya ba ni kamansa.
likewise, adv. kuwa, ma*.
liking, n. kauna, kamna (S.).
lilac, African and Persian 1.
(pride of India) kurnan
nasara.
lily, water kwala (K.), bddo,
kola bddo (S.) ; climbing 1.
baurere ; spider 1. hatsin ma-
noma.
limb, of body gdba, pi. gabobi.
lime, n. (the fruit) lemu, lemo.
limit, n. iyaka,iyakachi,matuka.
limping, dangyashi, dingishi.
line, n. (row, series) jeri, pi.
jerori, zdne* ; in a 1. a jera.
or a jere ; spec, a 1. formed
for prayer saffu ; a broad
blue 1. in cloth saki, or
swaki ; to draw up a 1. of
battle ja ddga: they are
forming 1. suna jeruwa ; it-
is arranged in 1. ya jeru ; a
1. of writing shatsdra, sha-
dara ; to arrange in 1. zura,
jera, jere; to form a 1. yin
saffu ; a 1. of men bata to-
go in 1. ja bata ; see lines.
line, a 1. of writing shaddra^
shatsara.
lineage, n. zuriya, usali, asali*
linen, n. alkamura.
lines, coll. zone ; to draw L
zana or zani.
linger, intr. v. ddde, dada>
nauwa ; to 1. about lalata.
lingerer, n. mai-nauwa ; a 1. at
home in time of war kazum.
lint, made from cotton taffa*
tappa.
lintel, n. almandni.
lion, n. zaki, zaiki*, fern, za-
kanya, pi. zakoki, furdi*,
wan ddwa, many an ddwa-,
a male 1. tor on zaki ; a young
1. dan zaki ; a strong 1. wan
ddwa; the adj. gadanga
strong is specially used as.
an epithet of the lion.
lioness, n. zakanya.
lip
139
load
lip, n. lebo, lebe, pl.lebu, lebuna;
lips ddburi, pi. daburori a
disease of the lips chizal ; a
disease on the under lip beli
(K.), chande (S.) : a disk
embedded in the lips of
pagans maran lebo, pelele* ;
thickness of lips ndbuwa.
list, n. (written) zumami, ta-
karda, pi. takardu, lisafi.
listen, v. (to hear with atten-
tion) saurara, sorara or ju-
rare* ; (to eavesdrop) Idbe ;
to 1. intently with bowed
head karkata and karkasa
used with or without kunne
(ear).
listener, n. majiya, sauraro.
little, adj. kar ami, fern, karama,
karamiya, pi. karamu ; kan-
kane, kankani, fern, kanka-
nuwa, pi. kankana, kanana ;
substantively (=a 1., also
few) kddan, sama sama, kima,
imtrari ; very 1. kddan kddan,
klma klma; I ate but very
1. ban chi ba sai kddan kddan ;
wait a 1. while jima kddan
or jim kddan ; to take very
1. of tsakdra or tsakura; a 1.
chim.
ittleness, kankanta, karamchi.
Ive, intr. v. yin rai.
ivelihood, zaman duniya.
iver, n. hanta, anta, kidibi*,
i gidibe*.
living, adj. da rai, e.g. this is
not a 1. child wagga ba diya
mai-rai ba che.
living One, the, adj., epithet
of God mai-haya*.
lizard, n. kadangare, fern, ka-
dangariya, kadangarwa, pi.
kadangarru ; gwada, sharin-
do, sharundo ; skink kulba ;
Sudan monitor (Yaranus
exanthematicus) damo; Nile
monitor tsari, guza ; a small
brown 1. (Gecko) tsdka ; sare-
kutup, sarekutu, a small black-
headed 1. gaguware ; a 1. with
orange and black bars (Scino-
pus fasciatus) which buries
itself in the sand dama-
tsiri* (which also = the green
snake) ; when the male 1. puts
on its mating colours it is.
called kutu in Kano, kiski
in Sokoto, and jangwada in
Zaria.
lo ! bum*, duba.
load, n. kaya, pi. kayayaki, fu-
guma, karba ; heavy 1. adlla
or adllan kaya, alaro, sanji :
a small addition to a carrier's
1. doriya-, to get ready a 1.
gydra kaya ; to pack up a 1.
labda ; I took his 1. na taboshi*
load, tr. v. labda; to 1. a
gun dura (or chika) bindiga,
kimsa, yin kimshi ; to 1. up
dura.
loadstone
140
long for
loadstone, n. mijin karife.
loaf, n., of salt or sugar kantu.
loafer, n. dan karma, see
idle.
loan, n. dro, bashi*, ramche ;
a cooperative 1. adashi, adashe,
wujiji; see lend.
loathe, tr. v. jin kyama.
loathing, kyama, tsantsani.
locality, n. wuri, pi. wurare.
lock, n. makuli (K.), kubli,
kuli ; 1. (padlock) of a door
kwadon kofa.
lock, tr. v. kuble, kule to lock-
up, id. it is locked shina
kule.
locks, of a woman's hair taura',
see under hair.
locust, n. fara, pi. farori,
faruna, gam, jinnu, farat
tumfafiya ; a large 1. babe,
fern, babaniya, pi. babaye,
babuna ; a black 1. burdu-
duwa, pi. burduduwuna ; a
black 1. which Hies at night
faran-dare ; an insect like a
1. taki, pi. takoki young
locusts ('hoppers') dango.
locust-bean, dorowa*, dorawa;
husk of l.-b. makuba.
locust tree, n. dorowa, do-
rawa, pi. dorowayi ; pod of 1.
t. sabdda.
lodge, intr. v. sabka, sauka,
sabki or sapka.
lodging-place, n. mdshidi,
masabki, masapki, masafki,
majidi, masauki.
log, n. (of wood) itache and
iclie, spec, a 1. of wood
fastened to feet of slaves as
a punishment turn ; a 1. of
wood tied to the head as a
punishment for thieving
kangalai \ 1. fastened to the
neck to prevent escape gu-
dungumi.
loin, n. kugu, pi. kugogi ; mdra,
tsdra.
loin-cloth, a man's bante,
banche ; leather l.-c. warki
(K.), walki (S.); a woman's
f atari, mukuru ; a L-c. which
is the badge of a thief bakin
bante.
loneliness, n. kewa.
long, adj. 1. (of considerable
length) dogo, fern, doguwa,
pi. dogaye, da tsayi.
2. (of dimension) expr. by
n. tsawa, tsawo etc., e.g. it
is seven cubits long tsawonsa
kamu bakwai ; see length.
3. (of time) how 1. ? tun
yaushe] 1. ago tuntuni ; from
a 1. time dadadde ; 1. since
tun dadewa; 1. lasting, adj.
. mai-dawami (of space) a 1.
way off daga nesa, da nesa
and nesa ; a 1. way da jaya-
wa, da rata, da tabawa.
long for, v. tuski, tuske, kwa-
longing
141
loss
daye, lamiranta ; to 1. after,
e.g. absent friend yin beye.
longing, n. (also = 1. for) kwa-
i/aii kdri, mar mar i, kdwa
(only used of women) : evil 1.
guri ; 1. for an absent friend
beye.
look at, v. duba, dubo, yin
kallo, see behold ; 1. at this !
ga shi tvannan ; to 1. atten-
tively at tsokachi, yin zuru ;
to 1. carefully into yin bibiya',
to 1. for (seek) nema, bida ;
to 1. into, constr. with da or
ace. lura; to 1. proudly on
yin hardra* ; looking round
(i.e. spying) dauroro ; to 1.
out for hanya, hangi, hango;
see espy ; to 1. over leke \
looking over the wall leken
garu ; to 1. like, cf . it looks
like him shina da halamun-
shi or shina da halaman
kamanshi ; it looks like rain
sama tana da halamun yin
ruwa.
looking-glass, n. mddubi, md-
dubin fuska, matsokachi.
loom, n., the pulley on the 1.
on which the peddles work
chikalkora; the handle fixed
into the pole of a 1. matuki ;
the pole of 1. on which the
woven cloth is wound takala.
loop, in a string, n. zarge, pi.
zaryuna ; mazargi, maballi.
loose, adj., kwaranga (S.),
kwaraprap (K.); (my shoe)
is too 1. for me ya yi kwaro
kwaro.
loosen, tr. v. kunche, kwanche
(K.), banya, banye, sassabta,
sassafta, sassapta, sunche,
bambare to come loose (e.g.
of head of an axe) kwdbe.
loosened, particip. kunchache y
fern, kunchachiya, pi. kuncha-
chu.
loosening, n. kunta, kwabiya*.
loot, e.g. the sack of a town
buruntu.
lop, to kudure.
lopping, of branches sdran
bisa.
lord, n. ubanyiji ; sidi applied
to Mohammed ; Lord, an
epithet of the Deity, rabbi*,
lose, tr. v. rdsa, yin rashi, bdta,
yin hasdra, gagata, the last
constr. with da, rubushi ; to
1. the way rasa hanya, ga-
yata da hanya, raise, gochi
and goche, ywabche (S.), bdta
(or bdche) hanya, dimanta,
dimauta, karkache, the last
also tig. of moral deviation ;
to 1. one's case kayas ga
shari'a ; they lost heart han-
kulansu duka sun tashi ;
losing bdchewa-, see lost.
loss, n. barna, e.g. they caused
loss
142
luxury
him 1. su kai ma shi barna ;
rashi, hasdra, asdra, tasari,
ta'adi, ta'ada, taskdro (S.), tas-
gdro (Daura), kampa, kamfa.
loss, to suffer, intr. v. yin
hasdra, yin ta'adi.
lost, n., the state of being 1.,
e.g. in the forest dimana*.
lost, particip. lalatachche, fem.
lalatachchiya, lalatattu ; to
be 1. bdche, makuwa, rasa.
lot, n. (portion) rabo or rabu,
pi. raberabi.
lots, coll. kuriya; to draw 1.
yin kuriya.
louse, kwarkwata, kwalkwata,
kyaya, kyeya ; crab-1. dan
kadafi see also lice.
love, n. soyaiya, soy ay y a, so-
waya, soyuwa (S.), kamna,
kauna, so*, muhibba.
love, tr. v. so, san* ; (after
pronouns ending in no) kam-
na, kamnache ; soye, yin so-
yaiya ; sha'awa.
love-bird (Agapornis pullaria),
tsiriya.
love-charms, tsibbu.
loved, one much, n. lele*,
masoyi*.
lover, n. maso, pi. masowa ;
masoyi, pi. masoya.
low, intr. v. yin boda, see
lowing.
low, adv. a kdsa, a kas ; lower
na kasa, fem. ta kdsa.
lower, tr. v. kasashe, sabka^
sapka, safka, sauka, sabki,
sauki, sabkas da, saukad da ;
to 1. to the ground kasa ; to
1. a bucket into a well zire.
lowering, participial n. (a
bucket into a well) zirawa.
lowing, n. (of cow or camel)
boda, umbu.
luck, n. (good) nasara, arziki,
gamon-katar, gata, gatanchi ;
he has brought me good 1.
ya yi ma ni gata, katar,
kdtari.
lucky, to be aruzzuka; a 1.
day buruji, yin daula; a 1.
person dangware, mai-arziki.
luggage, n. kaya, pi. kayayeki ;
spec, a woman's \.fago, faggo
or pago.
lull, tr. v. rene.
lump, n. (e.g. of flour) dunkule;
tsdba or tsala*, bangori.
lunatic, tabi, tabu, tdbo, fem.
tdbuwa ; mahaukachi, fem.
mahaukachiya, pi. mahau-
kata, tababbe, shinkinkimi ;
see fool.
lung-fish, Gambiaii l.-l or
mud-fish, i.e. Protopterus
annectens gaiwa.
lungs, n.>>, kufu, sufe (S.),
pi. sufojt.
lust, n. guri, sha'atva, kwa-
dayi.
luxury, buki, marmari.
lying down
143
malingering
lying down, n. kwantawa ; 1.
on the back with the legs
up rigingini, rigingine.
lying in wait, n. fako, kwanto.
lynx, (caracal) doge.
macaroni, n. taliya*, wasa-
wasa.
mad, adj. mahaukachi, fern.
mahaukachiya, pi. mahau-
kata; mai-hauka ; a m. dog
mahaukachin kdre.
mad, to be, intr. v. hauka,
haukache.
madden, tr. v. haukata.
madman, dolo, fern, doluwa,
pi. dololi ; you m. ! kai yofi
(&.); see fool,
i madness, n. hauka, wahami,
tabuwa ; stark m. hauka ja.
maggot, tsutsa.
magic, n. maita, siddabaru,
tsibbu, akokari, dabo.
magnet, n. mijin karife.
magnify, tr. v. (to honour, or
extol) girmama, bada girma,
yin yabo.
magnitude, n. girma, e.g. the
sun surpasses the moon in
m. rana ta fi wata girma.
magpie, n., Senegal m. (also
used for ' ox-pecker ') charki.
mahogany, tree madachi ; m.-
bean tree kawo.
maid, an old m. tuzuruwa.
maiden, n. buduruwa, pi.
budurai, diya ; a young m.
bera.
maidenhood, n. budurchi or
buduruwanchi.
mail, coat of, n. (made of
cloth) lifidi ; (made of chain)
sulke, safa, kumakumi.
mail-clad, pi. masu-lifidi.
maimed, adj. kuduru.
maintain, tr. v. 1. (to retain)
rike, rika, riki.
2. (to feed) chida.
maize, n. masara, dawa ma.
sara or damasara* (i.e. dan
masara) ; roasted m. bam-
bara; a m.-cobgoyon masara;
see corn.
make, tr. v. 1. (to construct,
fashion, create) yi, yiwa,
yiwo, iwo*, yo, wa I m.
nai = na yi ; (to produce or
effect) e.g. to m. an outcry
yin kururuwa.
2. (to cause) sa,e.g. they m.
the householder run away sun
sa mai-gida shi guje.
malady, n. chiwo, chiwuta ; see
under ill.
male, adj. and n. namiji, pi.
mazaje, toro* ; the m. lion
tor on zaki', m. and female
namiji da tamata.
malice, n. kiyaiya, kiyayya,
maslfa, keta, mugun hali
mugunta, tsegumi.
malingering, sane.
mallam.
144
mare
mallam, (teacher or learned
man) n. malam, malami, pi.
mallamai; chief m. liman*
or limami*.
mallet, for beating leather
kantukulo.
mallow, Jews' m. malafiya.
maltreat, tr. v. walakanta,
wulakanta ; see injure,
maltreatment, n. walakanchi.
man, n. mutum or mutume, pi.
mutane ; (as contrasted with
woman and wife) miji, pi.
mdza, mazaje, mazaizai ; mai-
miji ; married m. miji da
mache-, the m. with the
broom (i.e. a bachelor who
has to sweep his own house)
namiji da shara.
manacles, see chains,
manatee, the African species
of m. ayu,
mane, n. (of horse, etc.) geza,
pi. gezuna, rabaja (S.).
mango, mangoro* (a word used
by traders),
manifest, adj. zahiri.
manifest, tr. v. baydna, bai-
yana, gaya, gwada.
manifestation, n. nunawa.
manifestly, adv. zahiri.
manioc, rogo.
manis, n. (i.e. pangolin, a kind
of ant-eater)&iri&iH, kikiriki.
mankind, coll. mutane duka,
dukan mutane, duniya.
manliness, n. mazakuta, maza-
kunta, mazakunchi.
manner, n. hdli, pi. hdlaye,
ada, the latter used especially
of religious m. ; such is his
m. halinsa ke nan.
manners, coll., good m. kumya Y
kunya, Iddabi; want of good
m. rashin kumya.
mantis, dokin Allah, dan kama>
koki.
manumission, n. (of slaves)
mudabar ; a certificate of m.
laya, layan diyauchi.
manure, n. taki.
manure, tr. v. takanta, yin.
taki.
manuscript, a m. from which
a copy has been made-
uwa*.
many, adj. dayawa and (esp.
of persons) maiyawa, pi. ma-
su-yawa; barkatai, fal (S.),
pal, pul* (K. \rututu (Zanf.);
how m.? nawa, guda nawa,
e.g. how m. years is it since
your birth? shekara nawar
tun haifuwarka ? how m*
were there ? sun yi nawa ?
marabout, the bastard jin-
jimi.
march, by night in war, n.
kwanan daga.
mare, n. godiya, pi. gwaddi, i
dukusa (fern, of dukushi) pL |
dukusai- } a young m.
margin
dukashi; a large m. inyar
inu/, inyaramniya ; a brooc
ID. kabama, kabuma, kam
bama.
margin, m. of a page bayala,
145
mash
mark, n. tabo, tambo (S.), p]
tabuna a in. on paper or
cloth duyo or diya, pi. di-
yoyi; m. on animals, trees,
etc. or of a person unable
to write shaida, pi. shaidai,
shaidu ; a m. on the ground,
a land-mark amara; for tribal
marks see marks.
mark, tr. v. 1. (to note, ob-
serve) ji, yani.
2. to make a m. on shaida
or yin shaida, kaskasta, kyas-
kyasta ; to m. off kebe, keban-
che, alamta j to m. out on
the ground shaya, shata, shan
wuri.
marker, in book, n. haldma,
/(ima, amara.
market, for some special
article, n. kasuwa, kausuwa
(Zanf.) ; spec, a very small
m. dan kasuwa \ officer of
the m. sankurmi president
of the in. sarikin kasuwa.
marketing, sayay.
marks, coll. (cut on face to
point out tribe etc. to which
a person belongs) shaushawa,
jarfa, shatani, zube, kyaskyas-
R. H. D.
(m. cut from the corners
of the mouth) yambaka ; (m.
on cheek nearly horizontal)
bille (K.); tattoo m. behind
the eyes kadango- } m. painted
on faces of women katambiri
tribal m. on temple kurmajo
(Zanf.); the Beriberi tribal
mark tsagan goshi \ to cut
tribal m. shaushauta.
marksman, n. mahalbi, pi. ma-
halba or masu-halbi.
marriage, n. amre, amri, aure,
artne (S.), anyanchi ; to give
in m. amrad da-, m. feast
buki or biki, also wasam buki;
m. presents (wife's) yara ; to
rejoice at a m. yin gar a.
married, adj., a m. man
miji mai-mache, mayidanchi ;
a m. woman mache maimiji.
marrow, n. bargo, laka*; m.
bone tantakwashi.
marry, v. amre, aure or yin
amre, damre amre, darme
arme (S.).
marsh, n.fddama, dausayi.
martyrdom, shahada*.
marvel, n. (a wonder) abin
mamaki, abin cheiva, ajub*>
ajaba.
marvel, v. yin mamaki, jin ma-
maki, yin woba ; to m. at a
thing unseen before kdkabi.
mash, tr. v. farfasha or palpa-
she, kirba, take.
10
mashed
146
meaning
mashed, participial adj. dakak-
ke, fern, dakakka, pi. dakakku.
mashing, n. (e.g. of yams)
kirbi.
mass, n. tsaba; a m. of any-
thing zuri (K.).
master, n. ubangiji ; uba, pi.
ubanne, ubanai.
master, tr. v. (to overpower)
rinjayi or rinjaya, fi*, i*.
masticate, tr. v. tamna or
tauna, tsuke.
masticated, particip. tamnan-
ne, fern, tamnanna, pi. tam-
nannu.
mat, n. gen. abin shimftda,
maskimfidi ; a grass m. leso ;
spec, an old grass m. keso
a reed m. tabarma a goat-
skin m. buzu, kilishi ; a
round m. tafin giwa ; a round
grass m. wundi, windi (S.),
asalo ; a mat let down in
front of a doorway asabari,
tufaniya, mayamfadi (S.) ;
a grass or reed m. for cover-
ing the outside of houses
zdna a split-cane woven m.
kwdra-kwdra ; a m. used as
a door cover kyaure ; a hang-
ing m. tihu, tifu ; a m. made
of palm leaves mulli, murli,
gazari ; see mats.
match, (fellow) tsdra, pi.
tsarara-raki ; look for your
m. nema tsaranka.
matches, ashana* ; to strike
m. kyarta or karta ashana.
mats, coll. (used for rooting)
amdme; grass used for making
m. tsintsiya*.
matter, n. (subject) tada, pi.
tadodi ; what is the m. 1 mi
yafaru 1 what is the m. with
you ? mi ya same ka ?
mattress, cloth, n. darduma,
katifa.
mature, adj. and v. uena ; see
ripe.
me, personal pron. ni, e.g. he
caused me fear ya ba ni
tsoro, they followed me sun
bi ni ; with prep, to me
ma ni, gareni] exclamatory,
me! do you mean me?
niyal
meal, n. 1. (repast) kalachi,
which also = midday m.
2. (ground corn etc.) gari ',
see flour.
mean, n. (midway position)
matsakaichi.
mean, adj. (worthless, con-
temptible) lalatachche, fern.
lalatachchiya, pi. lalatattu,
banza.
meaning, n., e.g. the m. of a
word or a phrase log a, gutsu,
tushe, azanchi, baichi, Mri,
ma' ana, dalili* ; e.g. there
is no m. in it babu loga',
what is the m. of it ?
measles
147
meditate
minene gutsunsa or wannan
ina ma' ana tasal
measles, n. karambau, ka-
rimbau.
measure, n. 1. gen., both in
the strict sense and also of
comparison, estimation, pro-
portion, one's m. or standard
gwalgwado, gwargwado.
2. an instrument or means
of measuring abin auna, abin
awo, ma-auna, magwadi, ma-
gwaji.
3. spec, the foot regarded
as a m. of length taki, pi.
take-take ; am. of length
from elbow to tip of middle
finger kamu] a cloth m. of
about 15 feet zane, pi. zan-
. nuwa or zanna ; a m. of
capacity mudu (K.), pi. mu-
duna; a m. for grain zakka
(S.) ; see span.
measure, tr. v. gwalgwada,
gwargwada, gwada, awo, yin
awo, auna ; to m. with the
thumb and middle finger ra-
tsa; to m. with the hand tdka.
measuring, 1. participial n.
gwalgwadawa.
2. anything used for m. ;
see measure (2).
meat, n. (flesh used as food)
nama, pi. namomi, ddgu (K.),
yome (S.) ; spec, thin strips
of cooked m. k-ilishi, kilis ;
a piece of m. roasted on a
stick chanchanga, (sire, tsiri,
pi. tsirare; a small piece of
m. tsoka (S.), pi. tsokoki ;
thin strips of m. dried in the
sun yawara ; the fat of in.
mai, kitse ; epithet applied to
broth without m. da lami.
meddlesome, kasarantam.
meddlesomeness, karambdni,
kazalaha.
mediator, n. matsakanchi.
medicine, n. mdgani, pi. ma-
ganguna, magunguna ; to
take m. sha or hade magani ;
to administer m. sa, ba or
bada magani ; a m. for the
eyes korino, giwakamba ; a
m. taken to ward off an
enemy's blows sagau ; a m.
for children dauri ; sources
of m. a tree whose root is
used as a m. for dysentery
domashi ; a sharp, thorny
grass ground up as a m.
rairai ; a root used as a
purgative m. zagarafi ; a
plant with small black seeds
from which a purgative m.
is made nandfa ; see also
tsuhu, tsurni, etc. ; m. con-
sisting of charms tsubbu,
tsibbu, dabo.
Medina, Madina.
meditate, intr. v. zache; see
think.
102
meditation
148
merchant
meditation, n. tunane, tunan-
ne, pi. tunannu.
Mediterranean Sea, Bahar
Ilmal.
medium, (average) tsdka-tsdka;
m. sized matashi.
meek, adj. da hankuri ; cf.
seq.
meekness, n. hankuri, han-
kura.
meet, adj. daidai, and in
stronger sense halal, halas ',
not m. haram, ba daidai } ba
halal etc. ; cf. seq. (2).
meet, v. 1. tdriye, tdra, yin
tdriya, (to assemble) tdra ',
to m. as in conflict or op-
position karo with da to m.
with gdmu or gamo da ; tare
or tarda, taras da, tariyo* ;
tsaya da ; same or samo ;
Jidda da, karamta da, sddu ; to
m. a person coming from the
opposite direction karamta
da; to m. (i.e. to reach to)
taras to go to m. tarba (S.) ;
to m. unexpectedly chin karo.
2. (to m. so as to be fit,
suitable, sufficient) gamshe,
ishe; this meets our case
wannan ya ishe mu.
meeting, n. taruwa, (assem-
bling) tdriya ; m. of rivers
(confluence) magangami ; a
day of m. (with God on the
last day) ran gamu ; an un-
expected m. kachibis, kitibis;
they have met sun yi kachi-
bis.
melon, n. dila*; spec, water-
m. guna, kankana.
melt, tr. v. (e.g. metals) narke,
narka ; it is just at melting
point ina kan narkewa.
melted, be, intr. v. narku.
melted, participle narkakke,
fern, narkakka, pi. narkakku.
melting, n. narki.
memorandum, of goods, writ-
ten on paper, n. zumami,
zumame.
memorial, n. ambdto.
memory, n. tunane*, tuna*,
famu.
men, n. 1. (males) mdza, ma-
zaje, mazaizai.
2. (human beings) mutane.
mend, tr. v. 1. gyarta, gyara.
2. to patch clothes etc.
banke, lallaba, toshe, taushe.
3. fig. (to set right, to ' m.
matters ') gyara.
4. to m. a road tdda
hanya.
mendicant, n., see beggar.
mending, participial form
gyartawa.
mention, tr. v. ambdta, am-
bdto, ambache.
merchandise, n. bukdta, abin
chiniki, fatauchi, urula.
merchant, n. falke, fern, fal-
merciful
149
miller
kit/a, pi. fatake, dtajiri or
fdjirij mai-fatauchi, dan ga~
rumfa*] see trader.
merciful, adj. (epithet applied
to God only) errahimi*.
i mercy, n. jinkai, tausayi* ;
see compassion.
merely, adv. sai dai, sai.
message, n. (errand, mission)
8<tko, (news or information
brought) labdri, jawdbi ; to
complete the delivery of a
m. ida labdri.
messenger, n. maaike, maaiki,
pi. masu-aike; jekdda,jakdda,
fern, jekddiya, makirayi;
manzo, pi. manzanni, which
is also specially used of a
king's m.
messiah, the almasihu.
meteorite, gatarin arddu.
midday, n., of time tsakar
rana.
middle, n. tsakiya, tsdka, a
fxrikct ; the space between
two places or things tsdkani;
in the m. of (prepositional
phr.) tsdkani; to be in the
m. tsdkaita.
midge, ('sand-fly') kyashi, kyar-
firfita.
midnight, tsdkan dare.
midst, n., see middle.
midwife, n. ungozuma, un-
gozoma, unguwanzoma, ingo-
; zoma.
might, n. iko, (of physical
power) karifi, karfi ; with
m. da iko.
mighty, adj. mai-iko, mai-
karifi, bajini*, gugara* ; (as
epithets of God) jabbaru,
aljabbaru,jalala; see power-
ful.
mignonette, an amaranth
plant with a flower like m.
zaki banza. It is closely re-
lated to the native spinach ;
cf. alayafu.
migrate, to zakuda, zauda.
migration, kaura a place to
which anyone migrates ma-
kaurachi.
mildew, n. fumfuna, funfuna,
fufuna, damshi, laima, lam-
niya, rima.
milk, n. nono, pi. nonuna
sweet or fresh m. mddara
curds of m. guntsjari; in.
and water tsararauka ; a
herb, the root of which is
put in m. to preserve it loda,
dafara ; to skim m. yade.
milk, tr v. tatsa, tatse, twache,
twatsa (S.).
milkweed, gigantic m. or
Dead Sea apple (Calotropsis
procera) tumfafiya.
mill, n., see millstone.
mill, tr. v. (to grind) nika.
miller and mill-owner, n.
mai-reda.
millet
150
miss
millet, n., bastard m. tumbin
jaki ; bulrush or pearl m.
gero, maiwa ; great m. dawa;
' marua ' or ' ragi ' m. tamba \
the first ripe heads of m.
before the general crop is ripe
tumu; m. which has sprung
up by itself on an unsown
farm yabari.
million, adj. alif alif; dubu
dari yoma.
millipede, kadandoniya, aima-
ka ; see centipede,
millstone, n. dutsin nika,
niki, maredi, pi. maredai.
mimosa, kaidaji ; Egyptian
m. bayaruwa.
minaret, hasumiya (S.), sumi-
ya (S.), sumaya (K.).
mince, tr. v. (cut into very
small pieces) y any ana.
mind, n. zuchiya* I am of
two minds ina da zuchiya
mind, v. (to regard, heed) kula
with da, see care,
mine, sep. possess, pron. nawa
when obj. possessed is masc.,
tawa when fern., e.g. your
horse is stronger than m.
dokinka yaji nawa karifi.
mingle, tr. v. chudaya, see mix.
minimum, kadane*.
minister, a king's, n. bafade,
pi. mafadawa; m. of the
household mayaji.
minstrel, n. zabiya, pi. zabi-
yoyi.
minute, n., of time gari*,
diga.
mirage, n. diyal-rana (lit. child
of the sun), kawalwalniya,
mire, n. Idka, tabo, pi. tabuna;
see mud.
mirror, n. madubi, madubin
ido, madubin fuska, matso-
kachi.
miscarry, v. bari, yasda diya y
bata chiki*, lalache.
mischief, n. keta, masifa, bar-
na \ to do m. yin sabdbi ; m.
making kwarmato*.
mischief-maker, n. mai-sababi,
pi. masu-sababi ; machuchi.
mischievous person, n. mai-
masifa, mai-ta'adi.
miser, n. bahili, marowachi.
miserable, to be or to render
m. sinihi.
misery, n., see distress,
misfortune, n. hasdra, asdra,
tasari, sababi, maydta, ma-
slfa, halaka or hallaka.
mislead, tr. v. rude ; one who
misleads marude or mai-ruim
pi. maruda.
misled, particip. rudadde, fem.
rudadda, pi. rudaddu.
miss, n., used of an arrow,
gun, etc. kuskurewa.
miss, v. (e.g. to pass over,
omit words in a book) ratsa*
missing
151
mole
fntnra ; to m. the way ratsa
hanya ; to m. (of an arrow)
kn*kure, kurkura, kure (S.),
2/in kundu ; to m. fire yasa ;
to m. one's aim baucle ; *h.n
knxkure, shan bara ; to m.
or fail to meet yin stvahdni.
missing, used of two persons m.
each other on a road swabani.
mist, n. hdzo,fe8hi, kdsashi.
mistake, n. mantuwa, rikichi,
pi. rikita, rikicheiva ; kure,
pi. kurakuri; I made a m.
w y^ kure ', to make a m.
manta, manche, yinmantuwa,
hat a zanche,
mistletoe, West Indian m.
kauchi.
mistress, n., m. of the house
wvargida, uwalyidu, m. of
slaves moargijiya.
misty, adj. da kdzo.
misunderstand, v. yiyiche.
misunderstanding, yiyi.
mix, tr. v. dame or ddma,
yanvaya, yanyama, kwdbe,
kwdba, yauraye, hautsina,
kada ; to m. together chuda
or chuclaya, surka, yamutsa,
yamuche ; to m. mud chuda
yimbu, chuda ; mixing chu-
dawa.
mixed, what is, e.g. mortar, n.
damamiya.
mixing, ydmawa, yauraya,
kwabi, surki.
moat, baza, ytvalalo.
mob, yunyu.
mock, v. bananche, yin ba'a,
yin yori, reda.
mockery, ba'a, bananchi, yaiya,
yori, izyili.
mode, n. hdli, pi. hdlaye.
moderate size, n., a thing of
m. s. madaidaichi.
moderately, adv. da dama
dama.
modest, adj. (bashful, or under
a sense of shame) da kumya.
modesty, n. (sense of shame,
bashfulness) kumya, kunya.
Mohammed, pr. n. Muham-
madu, Muhammad, Ahmadu,
Ahamadu, dan Amina.
mohammedan, a, n. musulmi,
pi. musulmai ; the m. religion
musulumchi ; to be a m.
musulumta ; I changed from
a heathen to a m. na sauyad
da arna musulmi.
moist, m. ground dausayi, lai-
ma, dimau (S.).
moisten, tr. v. jlka, jike.
moisture, n. damshi, rima ;
see damp,
molar, a m. tooth matamni,
pi. matamna.
molasses, a kind of, n. mddi,
madiya.
mole, n. (birth-mark) tadawal
Allah an animal resembling
a large m. yyabji.
molest
152
more
molest, tr. v. tsananta, alale.
moment, n., of time kyapta-
wan ido, gari* ; in a m.
(forthwith) nan da nan.
Monday, n. litini, latini and
ranal latini, attanin (S.).
money, n. kurdi, kudi ; for
m., on payment of in. da
kurdi ; (the only money re-
gularly used by the Hausas
consists of cowrie shells,
about 2000 of which are
equivalent in value to a
shilling ; the Austrian dollar
is occasionally used, see
dala) ready m., i.e. cash
down hannu da hannu', much
m. kurdaidai, kurade (S.).
money-bag, small, n. tsaleta.
mongoose, a species of ayarabi.
monitor, guza, damo, tsari.
monkey, n. biri, fern, birinya,
pi. birai, biraye or biruna ;
different species are : jan
biri, kirka, bi kuka, gata or
gatan biri ; a small reddish
m. tsula ; an old m. gauji ;
a baboon gogo, gwaggwo,
yimki (K.), bika (masc.).
monkey-bread, tree, n., i.e.
the baobab kuka.
monkey-nut, n. gyada; oil
from the m.-n. main gyada.
month, n. masc. wata, pi.
watanni; this m. watan yau;
last m. watan jiya ; next
m. watan gobe ; the m. after
next watan jibi ; four months
wata fudu ; the fourth * m.
wata na-fudu.
monument, n., see memorial.
moon, n. wata, pi. watanni,
masc. ; the new m. sabon
wata, farin wata, jinjirin
wata (S.); a new m. when
seen with the old m. amari-
yan wata ; moon-light farin
wata; a bright m. wata
farifat ; a halo round the m.
sansani ; phr. the m. is ended
wata ya mutu ; the m. is new
wata ya tsaya.
more, adj. 1. (greater in amount)
mafi-yawa, e.g. he gave him
books m. than ours ya ba shi
litatafi mafi-yawaddganamu;
m. considerable than this
maji-girma ddga nan.
2. (to a greater degree) as
in our comparison of adj. and
adv. fi, e.g. he is m. cunning
than a ground squirrel ya fi
kurege wayo ; he likes me m.
than you ya fi so na da kai ;
faye, faskare, e.g. you ask m.
than I am equal to kana son
abin da (ya faye ma ni or)
ya faskare ni.
3. (m. in addition, further)
kara, e.g. add m. (to the
price in bargaining) ka kara
ma ni ; give me m. money
moreover
153
moth
ma ni kurdi ; he is
asking for in. ya ke neman
htri; although they made
every attempt to console him,
he cried the m. koda suka yi
kokari dayawa sun ba shi han-
kuri shi ya kara kuka ; he
stabbed him, then he moved
no m. ya yanke shi bay a nan
bai kara yin motsi ba ; a little
m. da dama ; much m. bale,
bare, balanta, e.g. he would
receive anyone, much m.
would he receive me ya
</<n(ki kowa balanta niya.
moreover, adv. bayan hdka,
fa*, ananan.
morning, n., the early m. safe
and safiya ; when m. came
da safe ya yi ; in the m.
da safe-, every m. kowache
Kctfiya, ; good morning ! sanu
da safe or sanu da rana ;
very early in the m. sassafe ;
m. two hours after sunrise
hantsi.
morning-glory, (plant) yako,
yaryadi.
morrow, n. yobe, rana mai-
zuica ; good-bye till to-morrow
sai yobe; for 'day after to-
morrow ' etc., see day.
morsel, n. tfntxura, pi. gutsure.
mortar, n. 1. (made by scoop-
ing out a log) turumi, pi.
turame.
2. (building cement) dama-
miya, damamma (S.) ; to mix
m. dame or ddma.
mortgage, to tolma, see pledge,
moslem, n. musulmi, pi. mu-
sulmai see mohamme-
dan.
mosque, n. masallachi, pi.
masallatai or masallataye.
mosquito, sdbro, sauro, samro,
pi. sabruna or sabraye.
most, adv. 1. (denoting the
relative superlative) is ex-
pressed by a defining phr.
maji (or yafi) duka (or kowa),
i.e. surpassing all or any, e.g.
he is the m. powerful shina
da kariji ya fi duka; for
similar phrases cf. the m.
excellent Mohammed Mu-
hammadu ya fi kowa; He
(i.e. God) who is m. powerful
mai-iko da kowa.
'2. the absolute superlative
(=in a very high degree)
faye, e.g. the cat is m.
addicted to crying at night
kyanwa ta faye yin kuka da
dare.
moth, n. gishi, majibari, buta
wuta, bamota* ; spec, a m.
from a black caterpillar aso,
asu ; a m. with red ab-
domen, white thorax and
black and orange wings ga-
madidi.
mother
154
much
mother, n. uwa, iya, inna (S.),
jatoma*, gyatuma* ; children
of one m. chiki daya.
mother-in-law, n. sarakuwa,
suruka.
motion, n. motsi.
mould, n. alashaf.
mound, n. tudu, pi. tudodi.
mount, v. hawa or hau ; to
ra. a horse or to m. on horse-
back hawa doki or hawa bisa
doki ; to m. up or upon tdka,
taki, taska ; to cause to ra.
hawas da, haushe.
mountain, n. twdu, pi. tudodi,
tudunduna, tsauni.
mourn, v. yin tdkaba, yin
kuka, yin makoki.
mouse, n. bera (K.) or bira,
. dam bera, dambariya, kusu
(S.), pi. kusa; the striped
or zebra m. barewar kusu ;
water m. (or cane-rat) beran
kyamro ; a poison used to
destroy mice madat, madas;
a special name given to a m.
mi-kwana-ka-ba-ni.
mouth, n. baki, pi. bakuna ;
also tig. of the opening or
entrance to anything, e.g.
the m. of a well bakin rijiya;
spec, a disease at the corners
of the m. dacha, datsa', to fill
the m. gumde.
mouthful, 11. loma, lauma*.
move, v. tr. and intr. motsa,
intr. yin motsi ; to m. away
from gurgusa, gurgushe ; to
m. a little back gusa, gulgutm
gurgusa ; to m. a little
forward guso or gurguso ; to
m. backwards and forwards
gusa, guso ; to m. forward
or backward so as to make
room zakuda, zauda ; to m.
nearer to the speaker zakudo;
to m. from a place gurgushe ;
to m. towards gurguso : it
cannot be moved ya ki
motsuwa.
movement, n. motsi.
moving, m. a little away,
particip. gusawa.
mow, tr. v. yanka or yanke.
much, 1. adj. and adv. (in
great quantity) yawa*, dor
yawa, mai-yawa, e.g. m.
money kurdi dayawa ; he
rejoiced m. ya yi murna
dayawa ; yawa connective
form yawan, da gugu, con-
nect, gugun, gugin, tuli, ru-
tutu (Zanf.), sununu, e.g.
m. sand gugun rairai ; how
m. ? ndwa, nauwa 1 e.g. how
m. money am I to give you 1
kurdi ndwa ni ba ka 1 to do
something very m. faye, e.g.
children laugh very m. yara
sun faye yin dariya ; to be
too m. for buwaya or buwaye.
faskare, e.g. it is too m. for
mucus 155
musician
me //a buwaye ni ; it is too
111. ba shi kai hakanan ba or
i/a faxknre ; m. more bale,
{>/<>, barshe, or with pre-
ceding negative much less;
very m. pal (K.), fed (S.).
mucus, from the eyes, n.
kwamtea, kwantsa, kwamtso.
mud, n. yimbu, yambu, yumbu,
tabo, pi. tabuna, Idka, kdfo,
k<\fau, potopoto ; spec, a hand-
ful of m. churi; a round
piece of m. chibirin kasa ;
slippery m. talalabiya* ; m.
or sand in water yashi.
muddy, adj. da tabo ; m. water
(/wib, yiribi, gurbatachen
ruwa ; to make m. gurbata.
mud-fish, or Gambian lung-
tish, i.e. Protopterus annec-
tens, n. gaiwa ; noise made
by the m.-f. chiwuki, tsuki
(S.).
muezzin, n. laddn, laddni,
-tcazanu (S.), wazinu, mai-
kiran salla.
mule, n. alfadari, fern, alfa-
dara, pi. alfadaru, alfa-
darai.
multiply, tr. v. yawanta, kara*,
r'iha ; I multiplied it by ten
n riba shi gotna.
multitude, n. yawa, taro or
taru, pi. tar or i.
murder, n. kdshinkai, kisan-
kai.
murder, intr. v. yin kdshin-
kai, yin kisankai.
murderer, n. makashi, maka-
shinkai, see kill.
murmur, intr. v. yin guna-
guni.
muscular person, n. gyande,
fern, gyandiya.
mushroom, naman kaza.
music, n. molo, maulo, pi. mo-
luna-, to play music yin wasa.
musical instrument, n. abin
molo, kida, kidi any kind'of
wind m. i. busa, pi. bushe-
bushe ; to play on a m. i.
that is touched or struck yin
kidi spec, a m. i. like a
guitar gurumi or gurimi ; a
m. i. held under the arm, a
kind of drum kotso ; a m. i.
made of a long gourd zun-
guru a m. i. played by
rubbing on it kukuma ; a
stringed m. i. matsirkiya
strings of a m. i. tsarkiya ;
a stick for m. i. goge', a m. i.
played before a king pam-
pami, famfami, a wind m. i.
siriki,& wind m. i. resembling
a bagpipe algaita, algaitu ; a
trumpet or trombone kakaki.
musician, king's, n. zabiya,
(K.), zabaya (S.), pi. zabi-
yoyi ; m. who performs on
a drum, n. makidi ; on
trumpet mai-busa.
musk
156
natal
musk, n. muska.
muslin, n., used for turbans
harsa, hassa, hirsa.
mussel, pond-m. kumba.
mussulman, to be a, intr. v.
musulumta* ; see moham-
medan.
must, v. (i.e. be obligatory or
necessary) lalle, kamata, e.g.
we must work lulle ne (or
ya kamata) mu yi aiki ; see
necessary,
musty smell, as of grain long
kept, n. suna*.
mutilate, to gunche, kire ;
mutilating kirewa.
mutilation, e.g. loss of hand
or foot dungulmi, gundulmi.
muttering, jiza.
muzzle, for goat or donkey,
n. takunkumi.
my, possess, pron. 1. suff. -na
when the obj. possessed is
masc., -ta when fern., e.g.
my father ubana, my mother
uwata.
2. separate, nawa with
masc., tawa and tola* with
fern., e.g. my horse doki
nawa; my mare godiya tawa.
myriad, n., of number ribbi*.
myrrh, jawal.
myself, pron. kaina ; I m. ni
da kaina.
nail, finger-n. kumba, pi.
kumbuna or kumbai, farchi,
farche.
nail, an iron, n. kusa.
nail, tr. v. kafa.
naked, adj. tsirara, funtu,
huntu, da tsiraichi, mai-
tsiraichi or da funtu, jir ;
a n. person tumbar* ; he is
n. ya yi tsirara.
nakedness, n. tsiraichi, funt-
unchi, kasau ; wofi, e.g. a
naked lie kariyar wofi.
name, n. suna, pi. sunaye,
sunanaki; a city whose n.
is Kano birni sunansa Kano ;
what is his n. ? wa sunansa 1
or mi an che da shil phr.
name its price ba shi suna.
name-day, for a child, n. ran
suna; a meal connected with
the n.-day tuwon suna.
napkin, n. kalkafi, maharma.
narrate, v.fadi,fada.
narrative, n. labdri, aljama.
narrow, adj. kumchi, kunchi,
kunkunta ; a n. place wurin
matse.
narrow, v. 1. tr. (to make n.)
kumtata.
2. intr. (to be n.) matsu.
narrowness, n. kumchi, kun-
chi.
natal, adj. na-haifuwa, fern.
ta-haifuwa, e.g. your n. day
rana ta haifuwarka or ranan
(ran) haifuwarka.
nation
157
needle
nation, alumina or al'umma.
native, 1. adj. (of animals,
etc. belonging to a particular
country or district) expressed
by means of kasa or yari,
e.g. the n. trees itatuwan
fofxn ; the n. fish kifayen
garinga.
2. gentilic n. (a native) of
a country ba with terminal
vowel e or i, e.g. a Hausa n.
ba-Haushe ; of a town or
locality da followed by its
name, e.g. a n. of Zaria dan
Zazzau.
nativity, n. haifuwa.
natron, n. kanwa, gallo ; a
heap of n. burdumi*.
nature, n. (character) halt.
nausea, tsanda (K.).
navel, n. chlbi (S.), chlbiya
(K.), pi. chibobi.
near, adv. da kusa, kusa, e.g.
he went n. ya taji kusa; he
sat n. at hand ya zamna
kusa ; very n. kusa-kusa, kur-
kusa, kulkusa ; n. to kusa da
or kusa ga ; n. to him kusa
gare shi.
near, to be etc., v. intr. to be
or draw n. yin Mm, kusata,
kusache, kusanta ; to draw n.
dfino to draw n. to ywa-
matsi, shinkaya*.
near, com ingn., participial form
kusatowa.
nearly, adv. kusa; it is n.
finished ya yi kusan karewa
or ya kiisa karewa; he n.
forgot it ya kusa mania shi.
nearness, (proximity) kusa.
necessary, adj. wajib, wajibi,
lazumtache ; the necessaries
of life abin bukdtar rai.
necessary, to be, v. wajaba,
wajiba, lazumche, kamata ;
impers. it is n. ya wajiba, ya
kamata, lalle ne.
necessity, n. larura, lalle,
tllas ; of n. da lalle, da tllas,
da wuya, wajib, wajibi.
neck,n. wuya, iviya^l. wiyayi.
neck-hole, of shirt, n. wundi.
necklace, mdkura, n. of red
beads kutofi ; (worn by
women) dumbujin zufa ; a
n. composed of black seeds
kantururuwa, tag ode.
need, n. bukdta.
need, v. bukata, yin bukata;
cf. prec.
needful, it is, impers. ya ka-
mata, lalle ne.
needle, n. alura, pi. alurai,
madunkiya, matsiyachiya,
matsefata*, tamfasuwa, tan
fasuiva; spec, large n. tsiko,
sumjiya, sumdiya; a sail-n.
masilla, misilla; a large
curved n. used for thatching
bida (S.) ; a needle's eyekdfal
alura.
needle-case
158
nice
needle-case, n. gidan alura.
needlework, e.g. yellow n. on
a burnous, n. yarrani*.
needy, adj. makaskaschi, pi.
makaskasta, talaka, pi. tala-
kawa or talakka, mai-talaka>
pi. masu-talaka, mai-talauchi,
pi. masu-talauchi.
neglect, n., e.g. of work kwa-
takwana*.
neglect, tr. v. kyale, rena,
shdmuke ; (to take no notice
of) zuba idanu.
neigh, intr. v. yin haniniya.
neighbour, n. makofchi (S.),
makobchi, makubchi, pi. ma-
kofta, makochi (K.), makwab-
chi, pi. makwabta.
neighing, n. haniniya.
neither, adv. ko* ; after a neg.
neither... nor ko...ko.
nerve, n. jijiya, pi. jiwoji or
jiyoji.
nerves, coll. n. dagura.
nest, n. sheka, sheka (S.), pi.
shekuna and shekoki, gurbi.
net, n. taru, pi. taruna, mare-
Jiya (t>.) ; spec, names for
fishing-nets also ro/a (S.),
ra^a, pi. ragogi, foma, homo,
(S.), koma-y a n. used for
carrying grass chali ; the
piece of wood to which the
(Joma) net is attached
furnai.
nettle-tree, zuwo.
network, n. aikin raga.
never, adv. expressed by v.
taba with negative, e.g. I n.
acted thus ban taba yin wan-
nan ba ; we n. went there ba
mu taba je nan ba \ n. until
now dadai with negative
verb, e.g. I n. saw it dadai
ban gani ba.
nevertheless, ad v . sai ko, tare da
wannan, koda*, duk da haka.
new, adj. sdbo, fern, sdbuwa,
pi. sababbi or sabbi ; a n.
comer haddka; the n. moon
sdbon wata, farin wata\ to
make n. sabunta] making
n. (renewing) sabunchi (K.),
sabuntaka (S.).
news, coll. n. labdri, kisa* ;
what is the news 1 ina labdri
or ina labdrin duniyal I
heard n. of you na ji laba-
rinka to publish n. labarta ;
to spread false n. chinewa,
kwarmdto.
next, adv. (as a qualification
of nouns of time) gobe, e.g. n.
month watan gobe \ the n,
world lahira, gidan gobe ;
the n. day rana mai-zuwct
or rana mai-zakuwa, kashe-
gari (K.), wanshekare (S.).
nibbling, e.g. of ants, n. tausan
(gara).
nice, adj. da dadi; something
n. abin dadi.
niche
159
nose
niche, alkuki.
nickname, tnkahi, sunanwasa.
Niger, Hausa name for the
river ; n. K/rara, Kuwara or
r >u van Kwara.
( nigh, adv. kusa or da kusa ; n.
to kusa da or kusa go,.
night, n. dare ; sabanin yana* ;
all n. dare duka; at n. or
by n. da dare ; good night !
Kintu da dare, sai da safe;
last n. jiya da dare; it
is n. dare ya yi or duniya
t<i !/i dare ; to go by n. bin
dare ; to pass the n. muni ;
when n. comes or came da
dare ya yi ; the n. overtook
him dare ya yi masa.
nightjar, (Macrodipteryx ma-
crodipterus) yaute, yotai,
yautai.
nightshade, black n. gautan
kaji.
nine, num. tara, n. hundred
dari tar a, by nines tar a tar a.
nineteen, num. goma sha tara,
sha tara, ishirin daya babu.
ninety, num. tisa'in, tasain,
(f<iri goma bus, dari gaira
goma, the two last= 100 less
10.
ninth, num. 1. ordinal na-tara,
fern, ta-tara.
2. fractional n. tusu'i.
no, 1. inter] . a*, a 1 a.
2. adj. babu, ba, e.g. no
money babu kurdi ; no one
babu kowa, ba kowa, babu
wanda or ba wanda.
no, to say, v. hdna, ki, kiya.
nod, to, in assent, v. kdda kai,
gyada kai.
noise, n. dmo, dumi, dimi,
hayaniya, haniya*, yagatu
I (K.), mita, holo ; loud and
angry n. hargowa; a vague
unexplained n. burum; a
distant n. jiza.
nomadic, adj. pi. masu-tashi.
none, adj. babu (or ba) wanda,
babu (or ba) kowa, babu, the
last applied to things ; n.
used of persons babu mutum.
nonsense, n. wawa, wawanchi;
he talks n. shina mag ana
barkatai.
noon, n. tsakar rana.
noose, n. gen. zarge, pi. zar-
guna ; spec, a n. for catching
animals mazargi, azargagi,
azazargi (S.) ; kiri, pi. kirra.
nor, adv. ko with negative,
e.g. he gave them neither
bread n. money for bread ba
ya ba su ko gurasa ko kurdin
gurasa.
north, n. arewa; on the n.
or to the n. da arewa or
arewachi.
northern, the, region, n. are-
wachi.
nose, n. hanchi ; the bridge of
nostrils
the n. goral hanchi ; the
part of the n. between the
nostrils zozon hanchi ; a man
with flattened n. mai-hanchi
nanakke; to blow the n.
fyache majina.
nostrils, n. hanchi, pl.hantuna.
not, adv. ba, e.g. I know not ban
sani ; the ba is placed before
and after the verb or sen-
tence which it negatives, e.g.
I did not see the man ban
gani mutum ba, or less cor-
rectly ban gani ba mutum;
babu, e.g. it is not good babu
kyau ; with imperative or sub-
junctive clauses kada, e.g. do
not fear kada kaji tsoro ; that
you may not fall (or lest you
fall) kada kafadi ; kada dai,
e.g. let her n. be heard kada
dai a ji ta; l or not ' when
the words form the end of a
question ko ba haka ba 1
notch, n., e.g. in a tree for
resting a load against loko.
note, v. duba or dubo, e.g. note
this duba wannan.
nothing, n. babu, babu komi,
ba...komi or ba komi ba, e.g.
who knew n. ^vanda bai san
komi ba ; n. but sai, sai dai.
notwithstanding, adv. sai ko,
tare da wannan, koda.
nought, n., see nothing.
novel, adj. 1. see new.
160 nurse
2. (strange) bako, fern.
bakuiva, pi. bakuna, baki or
bakokuna, da bako.
novelty, n. (strangeness) bakon-
chi, bakontaka.
now, adv. yanzu, ko yanzu,
lokachin nan ; even n. ko
yanzu, yanzu yanzu ; just n.
yau yau ; till n. har yanzu.
nude, adj., see naked.
nullah, ri. korama, njere*,
injere*.
numb, to be, v., see numb-
ness.
number, n. guda, lisafi ; five in
n. guda biyar ; without n.,
beyond n., is expressed by
Ji kidaya, e.g. fishes without
n. kifaye su Ji kidaya.
number, tr. v. lisaji, kilga or
kirga.
numbering, method of, n.
kidaya, kididdiga.
numbness, n. dela, my hands
are numb dela ya kama han-
nuwana, lit. n. has seized my
hands.
numeral adverbs, these are
formed by prefixing sau, so
or guda to the cardinal
numbers, e.g. once sau daya,
thrice sau uku or guda ukn.
numerous, adj., see many.
nurse, n. mai-reno, mareniya,
majiya*.
nurse, tr. v. rene.
nursing
161
occasion
nursing, n. re/to.
nut, n. kindo, kind tun i, yirchi
(S.), the small edible ground -
n. called also the monkey-n.
!/y<i</(i (S.), gtda (K.), gujiya
(S.), pi. yujeye, monkey-n.
oil -main yyada ; Bambarra
ground-n. (Yoandzeia) kwa-
mru, </ji>/, this n. when
roasted is called yaro da
d< ()(//(( ; kola-n. yoro q.v. ;
hazel-n. chauza*, ama*;
shea-n. kadanya ; tiger-n.
nyti : physic or purging n.
bi ni da zuyu ; see also
Imtntyen zaki ; the inside of
a small ground-n. which re-
sembles in colour that of a bidi
(roan) horse, bidi', a dried-
up n. kauda, koda.
O ! interj. ya, aj\ uxlul, ap.
oak, i.e. African o., n. ytvinki*,
mnnijin kadanya.
oath, n. nuttsuwa, sajirchi* ;
to take an o. rantee and yiti
r<n/fxuu:a ; a common oath
is wallahi, i.e. by Allah !
oats, wild o. bunsurun daji.
obduracy, n. taurin zuchiya,
matauriyar zuchiya.
obdurate, adj. da taurin zu-
chiy.
obedience, n. da'a,jisa'a (K.).
obedient, cf. he is disobedient
ha #hi da'a.
R. H. D.
obeisance, do, v. yin sujada,
runsuna, rusuna, yin aji, he
did o. to him ya yi masa a/t.
obey, tr. v. bi, ji to o. a com-
mand kiyaye magana, alsa
bi (or ji) magana.
object, n. abu, e.g. a wonder-
ful o. abin mamaki; a de-
lightful o. abin murna; a
sad o. abin tausayi.
object, tr. v. ki; to o. to
labour etc. yin kiivuya (or
kyuya); to o. to an agree-
ment walwale.
objection, n. Mwuya, makan-
yara.
obligatory, lazumtacke, see
necessary.
obliterate, tr. v., see blot out.
observance, religious, n. ada.
observe, tr. v. 1. see notice.
2. (to comply with, e.g.
the commandments of God)
rike, rika, riki ; to o. a
promise damre magana, chika
mayana, kula bisa magana.
obstinacy, n. kin ji, shishige,
taurin kai.
obstinate, adj. mai-kin ji, he
became more o. ya kara
shixhigi.
obtain, tr. v. same, sami, samo,
riske, riski, ruska, chi*.
obtained, to be, v. samu*.
obvious, adj. zahiri.
occasion, n. (time of an
11
occupation
162
oil
occurrence) loto, lotu, lauto
(S.), lokachi*.
occupation, n. 1. (a being
occupied or busied) shagali,
safara (S.), e.g. the occu-
pations of this world sha-
galin duniya.
2. (a trade, profession etc.)
givani*, sana'a, anneshuwa.
occupied, to be yin safara.
odd, adj. 1. (strange) bako.
2. (uneven) mara ; even or
o. chika ko mara.
odour, n. wari, wardi, fre-
quently of a bad, disagree-
able odour, so also doyi,
dwai (S.) ; an agreeable or
sweet o. kamshi ; concr. a
thing producing an agreeable
o. or scent abin kamshi to
get or emit a bad o. zaman
wari, yin wari, ruba or riba ;
to perceive sucha.no. jinwari.
oesophagus, garera, jannai
(S.).
of, prep, (genitive) na, fern, ta ;
also expressed by the con-
nective forms in -n, fern, -r,
-I; e.g. history of the kings
labari na sarakuna or labarin
sarakuna. The genitive re-
lation is often expressed by
the addition of a possessive
pronoun, thus, the house of
the king gidan sarikior some-
times sariki gidansa.
off, adv., e.g. far off, at a dis-
tance off daga nesa ; to be o.
(to depart) tafi; to come o.
(to happen) faru ; to go o.
(to escape) fiche, tsira, gudu*]
be o. ! arr.
offence, n. 1. (displeasure) hau-
shi ; to feel o. jin haushi.
2. (transgression, sin) zam-
ba or zanba, zunufi or zunubi,
pi. zunufai.
3. (an annoyance) alale,
abin alale.
offend, tr. v. 1. (to commit a
transgression) yin zamba, yin
zunufi.
2. (to annoy) alale.
offer, in bargaining, to make
an, v. taya, yin tayi ; an o.
is made an taya.
officer, n. zarumi, zaromi,
zarmi orjarumi, pi. zarumai]
spec. o. at court turaki, ba-
fada.
officers, n., a king's o.fadawa,
q.v. ; spec, one of the chief
o. ma'aji', for non-com mis-
sioned o. in English employ
masu-igiya (i.e. bearers of
stripes) is used.
official, n. galadima*.
offspring, n. diya, iri, pi.
irare, zuriya, zuri'a.
often, adv. sau tari, sau da-
yawa.
oil, n. mai; any dark o. alar
oily
163
only
>/<t<n ; spec, castor o. main
:>n-ma\ o. from ground or
monkey-nut main gyada ; o.
from the kwdkwa palm main
j<t, alayadi ; o. obtained by
distillation from sesamum
seed (cf. samsam) main ridi ;
o. from the seeds of the shea-
butter tree main kadanya ;
meni o. tree mamijin kadan-
ya ; a large fish from which
o. for eating is obtained gini,
shambdna (S.), zau ; o. palm
kwakwa, gima (S.).
oily, to be or become ndshe,
ointment, n. main shafewa,
, jibda.
okra, (plant) kubewa.
old, adj. tsofo, fern, tsofuwa, pi.
tsqffi, tsofaffi, tsofoffi; o. age
txuffi; to grow o. tsofa, tsofe,
tsufa and yin tsufa ; he is o.
yayinsa ya wuche ; an o.
man with bent back takoko ;
o. woman gyatuma, jatuma ;
to be older than girme ; o.
clothes ragga, pi. ragguna;
to make o. (i.e. to wear out)
fxofc, ; see aged,
old, of, adv. dd and lokachin
dd ; as of o. kaman na dd.
olden, in... time, adv. phr., see
prec.
olive, tree, n. zaiti*.
on, prep, bisa and a bisa, e.g.
o. a horse bisa doki ; o. a
hill a bisa tudu.
once, adv. sau daya; to do a
thing o. (aba, e.g. I saw him
o. na taba ganinsa ; at o.
(forthwith), I will go at o.
zan rika tafiya o. (in former
times) lokachin dd; in a
weaker sense (on one oc-
casion), e.g. there was o. a
man mutum ke nan or akwai
wani mutum.
one, num. adj. daya; o. of you
dayanku ; o. another ju-
nansu ; o. at a time daya
day a; o. here o. there daya
daya ; not even o. (in nega-
tive sentence) ko daya ; but
o. sai daya} o. (i.e. French
' on ' used as a prefix to
verbs to form a kind of
passive voice) a.
oneself, periphr. for, refl. pron.
zuchiya, see self,
onion, n. albdsa, pi. albdsoshi ;
wild o. habki ; spring o. al-
bdsa mai-kunne, safa* ; spec,
onions cooked in soup taushi,
taushe ; leaves of onions
lawashi.
only, adj. and adv. makadaichi,
mukadaichi, kadai, sai, sai
dai, kawai, kauwe or kauwi,
e.g. he only shi makadaichi
or shi kadai ; there was
nothing in it, stones o. babu
112
onwards
164
order
' chikinia sai duwatsu ; you
have o. to stretch out your
hand and take it sai dai ka
mika hannunka ka karba ta ;
my o. brother guda kanena.
onwards, adv. gaba ; to go o. (to
advance) yin gaba, chin gaba.
ooze, intr. v., also to o. out,
zuba, zubo.
open, adj. (i.e. unabashed)
kirikiri ; an o. place sarari ;
come out into the o. fito
sarari.
open, to be, intr. v. budu ; the
way is o. an shika hanya or
hanya ta budu ; cf. seq.
open, tr. v. buda, budi, bude,
fuda, huda, wari ; to o. by
making a hole in anything
fuda or huda; to o. wide
bubbude ; to o. outfida orjide,
e.g. of unfolding a standard ;
o. the umbrella yaye lema;
to o. by untying bale.
opened, particip. budadde, fern.
budadda, pi. budaddu, also
expressed by the pass, form
a bude ; to be o. fudu, e.g.
when all the gates were o.
lokachin da dukan kofofi am
bude su.
opening, n. (aperture) budi,
baki, pi. bakuna \ (hole)
bariya', (commencement) fa-
ratva ; the act of o. budawa,
fudawa.
openly, adv. a bude, a sarari,
fai.
ophthalmia, amodari.
opinion, in my o. abin da no,
gani, a tsamanina.
opponent, n. abokin-yaba, see
enemy,
opportunity, n. dama, zarafi,
zarahi, sukuni (S.), e.g. he
had not the o. ba ya xamu
dama ; I have o. to ina
da zarafi ; God give thee a
favourable o. Allah ya ba ka,
sola ; if I get an o. idan no,
samu sarari.
oppose, v. hana, kara, karo,
yin karo, see conflict,
oppress, tr. v. tsane, tsani,
tsananche.
oppressed, particip. adj. ma-
kaskachi, mai-kaskasta, kas-
kastache.
oppression, n. alhaki, trmn,
yaji.
option, o. of sale chinikin z[>i
or, conj. ko. The correlatives
either... or ko...ko.
orb, n. guda*, its o. gudanta.
orchid, mania uwa, muruchin
bisa.
ordeal, by water, n. gwaska.
order, n. 1. (custom, rule or
method of procedure) ada,
tada, aVada.
2. (a command) hakumchi,
hukumchi, dolashi.
order
165
other
3. adv. phr. in o. (in good
order, correct) daidai conj.
in o. that domin, don, in,
li<n- tfdi, (t /iwt, e.g. he took
medicine in o. that he might
be cured i/ *ha magtutl
i It >IH in <f u'urke shi (or shi
; in o. that not domin
e.g. let us take great
care in o. that we may not
miss the way mu tunane
kwarai domin kdda mu r<i.*
luuti/n ; in o. to gar in, e.g.
you and I will go out in o.
to take a walk ni da kai
za mu tafi yarin yawo.
order, v. hdkumta, hdkumche,
hukumche, yin umarni, ka-
<lart<( ; the last used of God.
ordered, particip. (arranged)
shiriycvyye, fern, xhiriyayya,
pi. tthiriyiiyyu.
orderly, an maji-kira, majiyo-
kira.
ordinance, n. sharVa.
ordure, n. XWa ; see dung.
ore, iron, n. iama.
oribi (antelope), batsiya.
origin, n. mafdri, usali, dsali,
sabili, t rixji.ii/<t,, e.g. the o. of a
fable or story, i.e. what the
fable explains or accounts
for dallli ; their o. is the
same tushiyarsa daia.
orion, (the constellation) ma-
halbi.
ornament, n. 1. abstr. (embel-
lishment)^^, e.g. foro. naado.
2. concr. ornaments kiu/an
ado.
ornamental, adj. na ado.
orphan, n. maraya, fern, ma-
rainiya, pl.mardyu; orphans,
i.e. children whose parents
died soon after their birth
who have been entrusted to
strangers to bring up dangana.
orphanhood, maraichi.
oryx, n. mariri, marUi ; white
o. walwaji, warwaji.
ostentation, fade.
ostrich, n. jimlna, pi. jiminu.
other, pronominal adj. 1. (dif-
ferent) dabam, daban o.
words maganganu dabam.
2. correlatives, the o. wan-
chan, fern, wachan, pi. tva-
dannan; less emphatic of
various members of a group,
e.g. the one. . .theo.,pl. some. . .
others wani, fern, wata, pi.
wansu, wasu or wadansu
repeated, e.g. the one said
yes the o. said no, quarrel-
ling wani ya che i wani ya
che a'a suna yin gardama.
3. o. than (equivalent to
Engl. else) sai, this is seldom
used except in negative state-
ments, e.g. nothing other
than blood sai jini ; bamda,
e.g. we have nothing o. than
otter
166
over-eat
this ba mu da komi bamda
wannan ;
see another.
otter, African claw! ess o. karen
ruwa.
ought, aux. v. 1. (personal
construction) wajaba, wajiba,
e.g. we o. to repent mu
wajaba tuba.
2. (impersonal constr.) ka-
mata, kdmache, ^vajiba, e.g.
ya wajiba mu tuba or ya
kdmata mu tuba ; wajib or
wajibi is used with the v. to
be, e.g. wajibi ne (or ke) mu
tuba.
ounce, an o. weight wakiya*,
wukiya*.
our, poss. pron. 1. suffixed -mu
or -nmu, e.g. o. relations
danginmu.
2. separate, when obj.
possessed is masc. namu,
when fern, tamu ; thus, o.
horse doki namu, o. mare
godiya tamu.
ourselves, refl. pron., see self.
out, adv. waje, e.g. he has gone
o. ya taji ivaje ; the fire has
gone o. wuta ta mutu ] o. of
daga, e.g. he took a stone o.
of his pocket ya Jitas da
dutsi daga aljifunsa ; to go
o. or to put o. (used of a fire)
biche.
outcry, rakadi, suwa suwa,
see cry.
outdo, tr. v. (surpass) fi,faye.
outrun, tr. v. rigaya, riga,
tsere, tsire.
outside, adv. a waje, waje and
daga waje ; o. the town
bayan birni.
outward, adv. daga waje.
oven, n., i.e. a pit for cooking
bread in tanda (S.), tanderu
(K.).
over, adv. (left, remaining) to
be o. wanza and wanzu,
saura, what is o., n. bur-
bishi; to be o. (to be finished)
kare ; o. and above, preposi- !
tional phr. bamda ; o., prep.
bisa, a bisa, with or without
ga, e.g. he fell o. a big log
ya fadi bisa babban itache,
he spread his gown o. the
stones ya shimfida riga**"
bisa ga duwatsu.
overcharge, n. (an excessive
price) kura.
overcharge, v. (to charge an
excessive price) shirga with
tsada (dear), e.g. he over-
charges yana shir g a tsada.
overcome, tr. v. rinjdya, rin-
jayi, rinjaye, faskare, ka<J,
kdshe, ima, i \ sleep overcomes
me berchi ya kama ni; see
overpower.
overdo, to shirga.
over-eat, to ginsu, gundnrn,
gumde*.
overflow
167
pack-saddle
overflow, intr. v. (of rivers)
//;// >iihi.
overflowing, used of a measure
antaiche.
overpower, tr. v. kdshe, ga</a-
w, huu-aye ; he overpowered
me //(/ l)inr<(i/e ni.
overpowering, rinjaya.
oversee, to ivakilto.
overshadow, to inuwantad da.
overstep, to *u-aba, sdba.
overtake, tr. v. tdras da, tsare,
iftht'j iske, chi ma, kwarari,
Imwrare.
overthrow, n. kaye, pi. kayoyi.
overthrow, tr. v. birkichi,
birkiche ; yiche or gichi ; jir-
kita, jirkiche ; hankada, jefas
da (K.), jefad da (S.), jefashe
(Zanf.).
overturn, tr. v. tankade, kdshe,
k<l<>, juya; the latter used
with da.
overwhelm, to yin kaye- } see
overthrow,
owe, tr. v. hdda hannu da,
also expressed by n. bashi
(debt), e.g. I o. him ina da
bashinsa (lit. I have his
debt) ; he owes me shina da
bashina ; see debt.
, owl, n. mujiya, pi. mwjiyai.
own, tr. v. expressed by ga or
with pronouns yare, the pres.
form in na with da ke, fern.
che with da; and by the
forms in mai-, e.g. I o. the
horse doki yare ni, ina da
doki, ni ke da doki or ni ne
mai-doki.
own, adj., e.g. my o. nawa,
with fern. obj. iawa cf.
H. G. p. 24.
owner, n. mai-chi, mai-abu,
connective form mai-abin-,
the forms in mai- frequently
express ownership, e.g. house
o. mai-gida ; o. of a boat
mai-jiriyi.
OX, n. sa, pi. shanu ; hurtumi,
pi. hurtumai ; o. with red
body and white face buli;
pack o. with wide spreading
horns takarkari, pi. takari-
karai ; hole in nose of an o.
azirka, zari (S.).
ox-pecker (bird), charki, tsar-
ki.
oyster, freshwater o. makan-
kari, kawa.
pace, a tdki, pi. take-take, tdki-
tdki.
pack, tied up, n. rizuma.
pack, up, to, tr. v. (e.g. a load)
lapta, labda.
package, n. kaya, pi. kayayeki
packet (e.g. of paper), n. ri-
zuma, risma.
pack-saddle, n. sirdi, shirdi,
pi. siradi, xirduna, sirida,
siridda or sirada.
pad
168
palsy
pad, n. (placed on donkey)
laheru, leferu, lafero, aku-
mari ; (on head of carriers)
gamo, ganwo, matsetsi ; a
p. at the back of a camel's
saddle suldki.
paddle, tr. v. tunkuda (or
tuba), jirigi.
paddle, fito, used as a rud-
der, n. matuki.
paddles, coll. karoki, p. of a
ctmoefulafule ( $.),JUqfili (S. ),
pilapili (K.).
paddling, participial n. tu-
kawa.
pagan, n. arne, pi. asna or
arna; in a less strict sense
(unbeliever) kafiri, pi. kaftrai
or kqfirawa.
paganism, n. addini na (asna
or) arna or addinin asna,
kajirchi ; to fall back from
Islam to p. rinda.
page, of a book, n. warka,
waraka, tabaka, taba'al ta-
karda, shaft, shafe.
pain, n. za/i, azdba, alala, ar~
kane, kuda, masiba, wahala,
jitsa, marwa, radadi (K.),
harbawa, zogi; labour pains
wahalar haifuwa; to feel p.
jin zafi, jin arkane, shayi*.
pain, tr. v., to cause p. azabta.
painful, adj. da zafi, da wuya,
da zogi, mai-radadi (K.).
paint, to sifata, sifache, zdna.
pair, a wari.
palace, royal, n. fdda, pi. fa,.
dodi, dandalin sariki.
palate, n. ddbori, ddburi.
palaver, n. kuchi, pi. knche-
kuche, alamari, shawara*.
Palestine, sham*.
palisade, kdwara.
palm, of hand, n. tafin hannu.
palm, n. (the tree) deleb, fan
or Palmyra p. giginyn, pi.
gigangani, giginyoyi or </uji-
nai, kari*, the dum p. goriba,
pi. goribai, goribobi ; fronds
of dum p. kdba ; the oil p.
kwdkwa, gima (S.); flowers
of a young p. tree kifili;
wine p. tukuruwa ; a bag
made from leaves of the last
kororo-, nut of the giginya
p. kodago (S.). kurdugo ; p.
leaves tsaiwa ; p. oil main
ja; p. wine from the tuku-
ruwa p. bam, bambi, bammi ;
a species of p. from leaves
of which hats and mats are
made kajirtjiri ; beams made
from the fan p. kwangi]
cocoa-nut p. kwakwan attar
gara ; the ball-like fruit of
the fan or deleb palm kicnlo ;
the unripe fruit of this p. is
called kwalshini (S.), shoots
of the fan p. used as a vege-
table murichi, muruchi.
palsy, inna.
pan 169
pan, cooking, brass, witli
handle, n. algidari, alkidari.
pangolin, see manis.
panic, n. (sudden terror) tun-
-itnt/rft, ttm~:nr<i, razana,
champi.
pannier, grass, n. ////./<, gufatit,
adtta.
pant, intr. v. yiti sheda, xhc-
sheka.
panther, rabji*, rabbi*, da-
III ?',S'rt*.
panting, n. haki (8.), shashaki.
pap, n. (of the breast) nono,
pi. nonna, nonnaye.
papaw, n., see pawpaw,
paper, n. takarda, pi. takardu ;
a p. (a document) lay a ; a
sheet of p. taba'al takarda.
parable, n. mi*aH*, a/mara;
to speak in parables yin- mi-
->'///', kwatamta, Icwatanta.
"paradise, n. aljanna.
paragraph, of the Koran, n.
\vufi.
parakeet, (Agapornis pullaria)
txi.riya; see love-bird 1
parallel, that which is, or like,
adj. mai-maki.
parallel, to make, tr. v. dai-
daita.
Daralysis, inna.
Daramour, kwarto.
parasite, n. (a hanger on
at others' tables) mai-kwa-
raka.
pass
parch, tr. v. HH-ryu, *<>!/<t, suya.
parched, particip. soyayye,
fern, soy ay y a, pi. soyayyu.
pardon, n. yafara,
pardon, tr. v. gafarta, yafe ;
as a polite expr. I beg your
p. (excuse me) gafara or ka
gafarta ma ni.
parent, n. mahaift, pi. ma-
Jiaifa.
parents, n. uwaye, iyaye, ba-
fayu ; cf. also prec.
parrot, n. aku, jiljilmako.
part, n. rabi, rabo or rabu, pi.
raberabe, wari, shashi, sashe
(S.), e.g. each of them shall re-
ceive his p. kowannensu zai
samu rabortsa ; (region) waje,
pi. wajeje.
part, tr. v. (to separate) raba.
parting, n. rabuica, rabo.
partition, n. (i.e. wall) sha-
maki, pi. x/tamakai.
partner, n. abokin taraiya.
partnership, karo, cf. kurdin
chaffa (or chappa) the fees
paid on the establishment of
a partnership.
partridge, red-legged, n. ma-
karwa, makwarwa, fakara,
pakdra.
parts, which make up a whole
jimilla.
paschal lamb or ram, n.
ragon laya.
pass, v. wuc/ie-, fwhe ; to p.
passage
170
pay
anyone on the path yoche or
gwabche ; to p. the night kwa-
na, kwanta, wuni \ to p. away
shude, shuda, shudi, wuche or
fuche ; to p. by widga, widge,
ivurga, wuche, fuche, zdge,
zwdge (S.), zdga, zdgi; to p.
near gege ; p. on ! ku shige ;
to p. over (to cross) ketare,
(to skip words in book) ratsa
chingara.
passage, a mashigi.
passionateness, n. hardra.
passover, feast corresponding
with, n. sailed laya.
past, the, n. (former times) dd,
baya, e.g. the wars of the p.
yakoki na dd ; the things of
the p. abubuwa na-baya ; a
thing p. abin bay a.
pastor, n. (shepherd) makiyayi
or makyayi, pi. niakyaya.
pasture ground, n. wurin
kiwo, makiyaya.
pasture, v. tr. and intr. (to
graze) kiwo.
patch., n. banke, shaft, ftto,
shiga, pi. shiguna.
patch, tr. v. (of cloth, clothes)
banke, toshe, shaft, shafe.
path, n. turba, pi. turbobi,
hanya, hayya, hay a, pi. han-
yoyi, tafarki, pi. tafarkoki,
godabe ; a straight p. hanya
sosai ; a narrow p. labi ; fig.
the p. of religion or conduct
hanya or tafarki, e.g. the
paths of Mussulmans han-
yoyin musulmi.
patience, n. hankuri, hakuri,
hakurchi, hankura or hakura,
dangana ; a man of extra-
ordinary p. rakumin Allah]
to show p. (to be patient)
yin or the forms ending in
-na followed by hankuri, e.g.
they have p. suna yin Jmn-
kuri or suna hankuri.
patient, 1. adj. (calm, not
fretful) da hankuri, mai-
hankuri, mai-hakurchi, da
sanyin rai; to be p. jimri,
juri, hankura, yin hankuri ;
he is p. towards everyone
ba shi kosawa da mv-to.-iu. :
cf. prec.
2. n. (a sick person) maras-
laftya*.
patois, (i.e. bad Hausa) bd-
bauchi, baubauchi.
pattern, a p., e.g. in cloth zane.
paw, dagi.
pawn, to yin ramche.
pawpaw, n., i.e. both the tree
and the fruit gwanda, gwad-
da (S.).
pay, n. lada, biya, e.g. that is
their p. ladansu ke nun : ;
soldier's deferred p. ktn'dln
huji.
pay, tr. v. biya, yika, rama ; tht
last is also used in the senst
>ayment 171
of to requite and to reward ;
to p. a debt bit/a bashi ; to p.
a second time or over again
kwatamtawa,
myment, u. t> !>/<>, lada.
3ea, earth p. kwantrti, ktni-
Inln, </y<i<l<( ; pigeon p. (Indian
dhal) H'oki'ii turawa ; heart
p. t/((/if <nt kwado.
>eace, n. lafiya, limana, natsu,
natxtitcti, wdli, pi. wale -wale ;
there is p. between us lofty a
tMikanin mu ; you can travel
in p. kana iya yin tafiya da
1 1(1 it/a ; p. of mind dadin
-.in-hiya; p.! (a salutation)
xidhima ; to be at p. yin
wdli.
Deace-maker, n. matsakanche,
tiudtsakanta hutsuma-.
Deak, 11. kai, e.g. p. of a hill
ku K t nd 1 1 ; spec. p. of a
saddle kwachiya ; the front
p. of a saddle kwachiyar yaba ;
its hind p. kwachiyar bay a.
)eal, of thunder, n. tiawa.
)earl, n. murjari* ; idon zau-
ra ; pearls coll. kwan ki.fi.
Deck, tr. v. koto.
peculiarity, n. (of animate
beings) hali, pi. hdlaye.
Deddler, mai-sari.
Deel, n. (of fruits, etc.) kwasfa,
kot<fa*j pi. kwasfofi, bawo,
ttdyiu/i.
Deel, v. 1. tr. fcware, kwari,
people
bare, bambaro, konkole,
ktcalkwale, kankari,feke (S.),
fire (K.).
2. intr. to p. or p. off, as
the skin from a blister sale,
xoale, KH-ale ; it peeled off ya
peep, to leka, leki, leko, reya (S.),
see spy.
peering, p. into rego (S.).
peg, n. maratayi.
pelican, n. kwasakwasa, jin-
jimi* ; a short-legged p. bu-
buku'wa (S.).
pelt, to, with, tr. v. jejefi da,
jajjefa da ; to p. with stones
jefa da duwatsu.
pen, n. 1. (for writing) alka-
lami, pi. alkalamai.
'2. (enclosure for sheep,
etc. ) yarke, pi. garkuna, turke,
rugga, garge (S.).
penalty, jaraba.
pendant, e.g. a p. stone worn
by women, n. talhatina, pi.
tcdhaiinu.
penis, azakari, bura, didi, ku-
tuma, mazakuta, (of animals)
gandari, talolo (K.).
pennisetum, n. (Cenchrus ca-
tharticus) karangiya ; cf.
gero, maiwa.
people, n. mutane, pi. of mu-
tum (in the sense of popula-
tion and persons generally),
e.g. the p. of Lingi mutanen
pepper
172
persistence
Lingi (connections, rela-
tions, etc.) kibanta* ; (fol-
lowers, congregation, etc.)
aVumma.
pepper, n., red or chilli p.
barkono ; a large green p.
tatasai, twashshi, tushi ; spec.
a red p. (capsicum) kole,
tankwa, tsidifu ; Melegueta
p. or 'grains of paradise'
chitta; African, Guinea, or
negro p. kimba ; West Afri-
can black p. masoro ; the
hotness or sharpness of p.
yaji, pi. yazuzzuka.
per adventure, adv. watakila,
halama,
perceive, tr. v. 1. gen. (to
apprehend by the senses) ji ;
to p. by sight gani.
2. (of comprehending,
understanding) fahimta, ji,
also sani ; to p. something
wrong farga, e.g. I p. that
you are cheating me nafarya
da kai.
percolate, to yoya, see leak.
perfect, adj. ingatachi.
perfect, tr. v. chika.
perforate, tr. v. fuda or huda,
sossoke, sosoke ; see pierce.
perforce, adv. tilas, da tilcts,
e.g. we had to go on board
p. mun hawa bisa jirigi da
tilas ; see force.
perfume, n., see odour.
perhaps, adv. watakila, halama.
peril, n. hatsari.
perish, intr. v. (to be spoiled,
wasted or destroyed in any
way) bata, bache, yakucke,
e.g. they p. together sum bache
tare, lalache, mache ; (to die)
mutu, e.g. they perished of
hunger sun mutu da yunwa.
perished, participial adj. lalar
tachche, fern, lalatachchiya^
pi. lalatattu.
perishing, participial n. Ma-
chetva.
perjury, n. kapara, kafara (S.)
to commit p. (to swear falsely'
yin kapara.
permanence, n. tabbatawa.
permanent, adj. matabbata
to make p. tuturta.
permission, n. yarji, urdi
yarda, izni, e.g. grant me p
ba ni yarji ; by the p. of Goc
da yardan Allah or bisa ya/r
dan Allah.
permit, tr. v., see allow.
perplex, to dame, ddm se<
confuse.
perplexed, to be, intr. v
ddmu.
perplexity, n. tunzura.
perquisite, a corn-dealei
rara.
persist, to zage*, dora*.
persistence, nachi, nac)
see continuance.
person
173
pierce
, n. nut him, pi.
also (with or without miitum)
irinti., fern, icafu, pi. inutxn.,
tctivtt, ((</<(>/*<(, //a.sn, e.g.
some persons wadanxu mu-
t<in>' or tcffdmixH a certain
p. who shall be nameless
Hint am kaza.
perspiration, n. t /?7n, yumi,
Zl(f<(.
iperspire, intr. v. t/injibi, zufa,
i/i n yumi.
persuade, tr. \. lnasa t biko,
fur a kunne, kuta.
persuaded, particip. pass, (sure
: or certain) is expressed by
means of tabbata, etc., e.g.
he was p. that...ya tabbata.
persuasion, Inllashi, pi. lalla-
soshi.
pervert, tr. v. (to lead from
truth or right) rude.
'perverted, part. pass, (misled)
nitladfle, fern, rudadda, pi.
rudaddu to be p. rudu.
pestilence, n. nlloba, aloba,
bala'i*.
pestle, n. kayandaka, tabariya,
pi. tab are.
pet, (favourite) dan tatangi.
pheasant, crow p. or lark-heel
cuckoo ragon maza ; rock p.
kazan dut.Ki.
phoenix bird, fufunda*.
physic, n. (medicine) magani,
pi. mayunyuna.
physician, n. mai-magani, pi.
masu-nMgani see doctor.
pick, n. dmndurusU) kalme.
pick, tr. v. (to choose) zabe,
za(m or zabi to p. a quarrel
tona fada ; to p. out teina,
tsinche, tsunche and tsinta,
kwalkwale, konkole, kwakule ;
to p. upjtde, sarbe; top. the
teeth kwaktuala, hakori, sa-
kata hakori.
pickaback, (a children's game)
dokin wuya.
picked, part. pass, (chosen)
zababbe, fern, zababba, pi.
zatytbbu.
picking a thing off the
ground, particip. n. tsin-
tuwa, tsuntuwa.
pick-pocket, dan sane.
picture, n. misali*, kdma* ;
his p. misaliusa or ka-
mcmsa.
piece, n. wari, bangori; small
p. of anything tsibiri, chibiri
or chibri, gutsure, pi. gutsa-
tsari, tarfi, guntu, gutsi ;
a small fragment guntun
abu ; to break a p. off gut-
sari.
pieces, to tear to, tr. v. tsats-
tsaga.
pierce, tr. v.fuda, huda, huji,
soka, sake, soki, yin sakiya,
tune, zarta; intensives, to p.
many holes fufuji, furfuje,
piercing
174
pitch
huhuda; to p. through sos-
soke.
piercing, n., e.g. of the skin by
an arrow sakiya, soka, pi.
soke-soke.
pig, gursunu, pi. gnrsuna, ala-
de* wild p. and red river hog
aladin daji, durungu ; wart
hog gyado, gadu, fern, gado-
niya, pi. gyadodi, gyaduna,
alhanzir, mugnn ddwa, rishi.
pigeon, n. tantabara, pi. tanta-
baru; fruit p. or green p.
biribiri or kurchiyar gamji,
see dove,
pike, n. (spear) mashi, pi. ma-
sussuka or masu.
pile, n. (heap) taru or taro, pi.
tarori.
pile up, tr. v. tdra, tattdra,
hdda, tula.
piles, kurya (K.), basur*.
pilfer, v. sata, yin sata, sache,
see steal.
pilferer, n. mai-sata.
pilgrim, n. hdji, hajji (S.),
pi. hajoji.
pilgrimage, n. haji ; to go on
the p. haji and tafi haji,
ziyarta.
pill, n. chibiri* or chibri*.
pillage, n. (booty) abin kwache.
pillage, tr. v. kwache, e.g. he
conquered them, he pillaged
their property ya chi su ya
k u'ache dukiyansu.
pillar, n. gimshiki, gumshiki*,
pi. gimshikai.
pillow, n. matashin kai, ma-
jingini.
pimple, bar-ni-da,-mugu.
pin, n. tsiko*, tsinke* ; a p.
used for pressing cotton dan
bida ; a large wooden p. used
in winding the thread on the
cylinder which is fixed in the
shuttle tangori.
pincers, n. kwaguwa, liantsaki,
madebin kaya*.
pinch of, to take, v. tsakura,
gutsura.
pinch, tr. v. tsamuka, tsakura*,
tsamka*, tsungule, yin kwan-
ta, muntsini.
pinching, n. kwanla, tsamuki.
pinnacle, n. kokuwa, kokowa.
pipe, tobacco-, n. tukunyar
taba, lofin taba.
pistol, n. akotiya, algaderiya,
pit, n. rami, rame (S.), pi.
ramuna or ramu, ganwa;
spec, a deep wide p. han-
garma*, kwdri* p. for cook-
ing bread in tanda or tan-
deru ; p. for storing corn
tsunjiya p. for game to fall
into hako, pi. hdkoki, dm;
a cesspit saiga, pi. salgagi;
dye-p. marina, pi. mar in-
nai.
pitch, tr. v. 1. (to cast, throw)j
jefa.
Ditcher 175
- r 2. spec, to p. a tent ktffu
li-ina (or laima).
jitcher, n. tulu, pi. tuluna,
tnkunya, pi. tukwane, tukane;
ran da, pi. randuna; a p.
with a narrow mouth dan
. tozo.
oitfall, n. hako, pi. hakoki,
oity, n. tausai, tausayi, juyaye,
*(unia'j to have or feel p.
'/in- (or jiii) tausai, jika ;
what a p. ! abin tausayi,
tazanko, tanzanko.
Dlty, tr. v., cf. prec.
Dlace, n. t##H, pi. wurare ;
waje, pi. wajeje, bigeri, bige,
bigi; (district, country) gari ;
an uninhabited p. ddwa ; in
1 circumlocution to supply the
want of various special nouns
and adjectives, e.g. a p. to
flee to (refuge) wurin gudu ;
' so also gida, e.g. p. or abode
of pain gidan azaba ; a secret
p. lolokin asiri ; in that p.
. wurin nan, a wurin nan, day a
nan,, e.g. there are many
hippopotami in that p. akwai
dorinnai dayawa daga nan ;
in p. of (instead of), e.g. in
his place gurbinsa, bigerinsa,
n-iirinsa; the last also = at
his p., i.e. near him, with
him ; to give p. to, let him
take the p. of another shi
kofiia matsayin wani ; an-
plain
other was put in his p. an sa
waniwurinsa; to takep.faru.
place, nouns of, these are
formed by means of prefix
ma-, e.g. hiding p. maboya,
kitchen madafa, inn mashidi
from boya, dafa, shida re-
spectively.
place, tr. v. sa, sanya, kafa,
aje, which denotes also to
p. aside, dora, aza or aza ma
to p. on, e.g. he placed me
on the camel ya dora ni bisa
ga rakumi to p. on the
ground (e.g. a load) jibe,
jefo*, kasa; to p. together
(e.g. for the purpose of com-
parison) kwatanchi ; to give
p. kau.
placing, of a thing, participial
n. sawa; p. one thing upon
another ribiye.
plague, n. 1. (pestilential dis-
ease) alloba, dawainiya, ran-
gdza ' he caught the p. '
turn by ' the p. caught him '
alloba ta kama shi (or same
shi).
2. (an annoyance) alale,
wahala.
plague, tr. v. (to vex) wahalshe,
dawainiyas da ; see annoy,
plain, n. fili, pi. filaye, sarari,
karkara, pi. karkarori or
karkaroni, kanga the battle
p. kanganfada.
plain
176
please
plain, adj. (of language simple
and open) a sdrdri.
plait, tr. v. tubka, tufka, tupka,
tukka, tumka (S.), yin kitso.
plaiting, saka; p. of mats
sdkar zana', (of hair) doka,
kitso ; p. of hair in two lines
jaki' } hasty p. of woman's
hair kumbuchi.
plaits, coll. n. kaikainya, (of
woman's hair) bijaji, buji-
buji, biji-biji.
plan, n. (scheme, device) wayo,
trayau, dabara.
plank, n. faskare, gungume,
pi. gungumai, rum-fa, pi.
rumfuna, kange*.
planks, to make into, v. yin
faskare.
plant, tr. v. 1. (to set or sow
in the ground) shibka, shipka,
shuka, yin shibka, ddsa, dashi,
dashe.
2. (to set or place) sa, e.g.
there was no place to p. our
footsteps babu wurin da mu
sa matakai bisa.
plant, n., i.e. a cutting dasashe.
plantain, n. ay aba applied
both to tree and fruit, also
used to denote the banana,
planter, n. manomi.
planting, of seeds, n. biso.
plants, small, coll. n. shibka,
shipka, shuka.
plaster, tr. v. (of walls etc.)
ydlm, yabe, dampara, dam-
far a ; (of floors) mamari.
plastered, participial adj. ya-
babbe, fern, yababba, pi. ya-
babbu.
plastering, ydle, pi. ydbe- i/dle..
plate, n. tangaram, tangaran]
a p. made of plaited grass
taitai, pi. taitaye ; see dish.
play, n. (the doing of any-
thing for amusement) icargi,
gyauga*, wasa; hail to you
at your p. (salutation to
persons at p.) sanunku da
wargi.
play, v. (of sport, amusement)
yin wargi ; (of music) yin
wasa, yin kidi ; the last
particularly applied to in-
struments struck or beaten.
player, on drum, n. makidi.
playing, n. (of amusement)
wargi, gyauga* ; (of music
and especially drumming)
kida or kidi, molo, pi. mo-
luna.
plaything, n. abin wargi:
spec. p. made from a seed pod
kachau-kachau ; see rattle.
pleasant, adj. mai-dadi, da
dadi.
please, tr. v. sa dadi, gama,
gamshe, e.g. it pleases me ya
game ni or ya gamshe ni ; p.
(elliptical - if you p.) mana
e.g. come here, p. zo mana
^leased 177
p. (i.e. allow me) bari ; p. do
yarje mana.
Dleased, to feel, intr. v. jit
dadi.
Dleasure, n. (agreeable sensa-
( tion or emotion) dadi, ni'ima ;
(a gratification) abin dadi,
abin murna.
oledge, n. jirtyina, dangana ;
i p. held for money owing ka-
pod
)ledge, tr. v. (to leave any-
thing as a p.) jingina, tolma.
?leiades, pr. n. tarsowa.
)lentiful, to be p. yalwata.
plentifully, adv. tari, kain-
nain*.
>lenty, n. yawa, dayawa, kari,
tarij tuli, bdro, dumbuje,
/nalala, tinjim, e.g. p. of
words yawan magana or
iiuHjana dayawa; p. to eat
! zari, zwari, an ehiya*.
liancy, rauni*.
lot, n. wayo, wayau, to form
a p. gama.
lot, v., to p. together damra
dabdra.
lough, n., spec, a large hoe
bent back like a small p.
galma (S.), garma (K.).
lough, to fuda, huda, kafche,
kabche.
lover, a kind of, n. kyare-
' kyare, zakaran yaki, zakaran
assuba, dan raguwa ; black-
R. H. D.
headed p. or ' Niger bird ' or
* crocodile bird ' ladin kogi,
jakin gulbi (S.).
pluck, tr. v. chira, chire, chiro
or teira, teire, tsiro, debe, dlba,
debo, tuge, tumbuke, zum-
buke (S.); (to p. fruit etc.)
tsinki, tsunke, tsinko, tsige,
txitsige; (to p., e.g. a fowl)
fw e ,ftyi,piga, tuza; to p. out
yin dono; plucked figagge,
fern, figaggiya, pi. figaggu.
plucking, n.figa.
plum, n., gingerbread p. ga-
wasa, pi. gawasai, gawasuna
and gawasoshi; hog, Spanish
or Jamaica p. tsadal lama-
rudu ; a tree with plum-like
fruit danya, loda (S.).
plunder, n. abin kwache.
plunder, tr. v. kwac/ie.
plunge, v. I. tr. (to immerse)
tsoma, nutse, nuche.
2. intr. fadi, e.g. he leaped
plunging headlong into the
water ya tuma ya fadi ya
gangara chikin ruwa ; see
also dive,
plural, n. (grammatical term)
jam'i*.
pneumonia, pleuro-p. of cattle
balagiro, malagiro (S.), aran-
gaza (K.).
pocket, n. aljifu, pi. aljifai
or aljifuna.
pod, n. (of nuts, etc.) kobsa,
12
poem
178
pond
kwasfa, kopsa, kobso, kwanso ;
p. of the locust tree (dorowa)
sabada, safada ; p. of guinea -
corn tsirgagiya.
poem, n. (in the sense of metri-
cal composition, song) waka.
poet, n. mai-waka.
point, n. kokuwa*, tsini, ga-
ratse ; points above or below
letters wdsali.
point, out, tr. v. nuna or nuni,
gwada, gaya.
pointed, adj. da tsini.
poison, n. daft ; a p. given in
food sammu, kwarche ; in-
gredients used in making
poisons used for smearing
arrows uwal daft, zabgai*,
yabi, kwankwani (Strophan-
thus hispidus), taramniya*
(Combretum), kokiya (Strych-
nos spinosa), sanya or uwar
pedunculata), tururubi (La-
siosyphon krausii), zabon
dqfi ; a p. used for destroying
mice madat, madas.
poison, to gubanta, sammache.
poisoned, participial adj. da
dqfi.
poke, to p. with a stick zun-
gura, zungau.
poking, e.g. with the elbow
gobso, gwabre.
pole, n. gimchiki, gimshiki,
esp. used of the middle sup-
porting p. of house ; p. of
tent tankari, kekimaka (S.);
poles used in supporting a
tent coll. shikashiki, pi. shikar
shikai, cf. post; iron p. karko;
a p. in the middle of a hut
shushuniya, shishiniya ; a p.
used for purposes of irrigation
lambu ; a p. carried across
the shoulder from either end
of which a load is suspended
taula.
policeman, dan sanda, dogari;
the office of a p. dogarchi;
the chief of the police ma-
kama.
polish, tr. v. gogi or goge,
chudanya.
pollute, tr. v. yin haram,
kazamta, kazamtad da.
polluted, adj. janaba, kazami.
pollution, n. 1. gen. kazamta,
kazanta, janaba, jaraba,
ja'ira.
2. (religious or ceremonial
uncleanness) haram, abin ha
ram.
polo, the game of wasan kwalo*.
pomegranate, n. ruman, ruma-
niya, pi. rumanina, rumanai
pommel, n. (of a saddle) ; set
peak,
pommel, tr. v. (to beat) buga
bubbuga, see beat,
pomp, n. sitira or sutura.
pond, n. a large stagnant. p
ony
179
post
bingi, gaji, kududdufi, ku-
duddifi, dankam, tabki, tafki,
tapki, see pool.
'Ony, n. kuru and doki kuru,
dukushi, fern, dukusa.
,'001, n. tahki, tapki or tafki,
rnji, gaji, pi. rafuna or ra-
/'(tf'uka, fadama, korama,
<lankam, tauga, see pond,
oor, adj. talaka (K.), talakka
1 (S. ), pi. talakkawa ; makas-
kachi, pi. makaskasta ; to be
p. talauta, tsiyache.
oor person, a, n. talaka, mai-
talaka, matalauchi, mai-tsiya,
matsiyachi, gyande, fern.
gyandiya, pi. gyandaye,
yiiidau, tagajan.
opping, into a hole kudus.
PPy 5 yellow Mexican p.
kwarko.
orch, n. shigifa, pi. shigifu
and shigifofi; spec, a small
p. shirayi ; a p. with double
! entrance zaure, pi. zauruka,
zaurukka.
orcupine, n. beguwa, makaya
(lit. thorny), makibiya (lit. i
f possessor of arrows),
orridge, n. /wra ; spec. p. of
1 guinea-corn and rice surki;
p. of beans, guinea-corn or
(in N. Africa) macaroni
wasawasa.
orter, n., see carrier,
.ortion, n. rabo or rabu, pi.
raberabe, kashi, kashe; a p.
(when one of two or more
portions) shashi or sashi*,
sashe ($.),fasali, see piece,
possess, tr. v., this idea is ex-
pressed : 1. by the prono-
minal forms ending in na
with da, e.g. I possess much
money ina da kurdi dayawa.
2. by ke with da, e.g. all the
property that you p. dukiya
duka da ku ke da shi (or ita).
3. by the prep, ga or with
pronouns gare (is to or be-
longs to), e.g. he possesses no
money babu kurdi gare shi.
possessed, e.g. with evil spirit,
pi. masu-bori, masu-boli.
possession, n. 1. abstr., e.g. to
gain p. of a kingdom chin
sarauta.
2. concr. pi. possessions
dukiya, tarkache.
possessor, n. mai-abu con-
nective mai-abin, mai-chi ;
the idea is often expressed
by the prefix mai-, e.g. the
p. of a farm or a boat, mai-
gona, mai-jirigi ; the p. of a
horse mai-doki.
possible, yuwuwa, yiyuwa.
possibly, adv., see perhaps.
post, n. (of door) kwabrin kofa,
kwilkin kofa, shishike (S.),
shishiniya (S.), shushuniya
(K.); a p. for tethering
12-2
posterior
180
pour
horses turke, tuke; a p. for
supporting roof jlgo, pi.
jiguna.
posterior, adj. (both of time
and space) baya, na-baya,
fern, ta-baya, e.g. the p.
limbs gabobin bay a or gabobi
na-baya ; the hinder part of
an animal kuturi.
post-haste, zuwan inanzo.
postpone, tr. v. fdsa, jinkirta,
see delay.
postponement, ko-ta-kwana.
postponing, particip. n. fasa-
wa.
pot, n. (of earth or iron) tu-
kunya, pi. tukane or tukwane \
a metal p. karife or karipe ;
a large earthen p. with a
narrow mouth randa, pi.
randuna, kwatarni (S.), kwa-
tarniya (K.) ; a large earthen
p. used as oven tanda or tan-
deru ; a water p. tulu, pi.
tuluna.
potash, broken p. tsabage (S.) ;
a kind of hard p. takarna,
tafarna.
potato, sweet (i.e. Ipornoea
batatas), n. dankdli ; various
species are : kudaku, lawur
(S.) ; Kaffir p. rizga.
potent, adj. isheshe, fem. isha-
shiya, pi. isassu see power-
ful.
potter, 11. mai-tukunya, pi.
masu-tukunya, mai-tukane,
mai-yumbu*, magini.
pouch, n. tumbi, pi. tumbuna;
a sort of leathern p. zabira ;
a p. or crop of a bird maroro,
malolo.
poultry, n. kaj i, pi. of kdza fowl.
pounce, n. sura.
pounce, to kawo sura.
pound, n. (of 12 ounces) rotal,
pi. ratalai*.
pound, tr. v. ddka, dandaka,
dandaki, daddaka, rarratse^
kirba, kirbe (without object),
ribde, rifde, rubde ; a woman
who pounds corn mai-koda.
mai-kodiya.
pounded, p. flour ribdi,rubudi
pounding, n. (e.g. of yams)
kirbi, rubudi ; the action oi
a woman p. in a mortal
lugude ; the sound of p.
rupkarupki.
pour, v. tr. and intr. (also tc
pour out, down, off, away,
etc.) zuba, zube, zubo:, tr. onlj
zubas, zubas da, zubad da
and zubda, zubshe (Zanf.)
dole, tushe, bulbula, bungula
tarfa; I poured out ever}
drop of it na zubas da sk
babu kingi ; intr. only zubu
e.g. the rain is pouring 01
pours down ruwa ya zubu
to p. water in a jet zurara
to p. out (or scatter) tsiyayi
Doured
181
pray
to p. out grain so that chaff
may blow away shika ; to p.
over (to overflow), intr. tuda
or tude, tr. tudas da.
poured, to be p. out like wheat
i through a sieve or like
water, intr. v. tarara.
pouring, zubi, zubawa.
pout the lips at, to, v. (in de-
' rision) zunde and yin zunde.
poverty, n. talauchi, talau-
<'h)t/a, tsiya.
powder, n. (gunpowder) al-
Ixirns or albarud.
ipowder, tr. v. (to reduce to
1 p.) daddaga.
power, n. 1. (faculty of doing
! or causing anything) iko, pi.
Ikftki, yi- } by the power of
God da yin Allah.
2. (bodily or material
strength) karifi.
3. (political or social p.,
1 authority, influence) hakimi,
4. (surpassing p., excel-
1 lence) flko.
powerful, adj. 1. gen. isashe,
ixhe.tshe, fern, ishashiya, pi.
i *assu, mai-iko.
'2. (cf. prec. 2) mai-karifi,
pi. masu-karifi, e.g. a p. man
I mutum mai-karifi.
3. spec, applied to God
' kadiri, see mighty, strong.
powerfully, adv. da karifi.
practice, n. sabo, e.g. no work
in the world can be accom-
plished except by p. aikin
duniya duka sai sabo ; (cus-
tomary procedure) ada, tada,
al'ada.
practised, be, intr. v. saba,
e.g. I am p. in this na saba
da wannan.
praise, n. yabo, kirari, the last
also=self-p. ; (of praising God)
shukra ; self-p. yabon kai.
praise, tr. v. yaba, shukra ; yin
yabo and yin kirari ; also ex-
pressed by nouns of prec.
with the present forms in na,
e.g. I praise thee ina yabonka.
praised, particip. adj. yababbe,
fern, yababba, pi. yababbu.
prattling, n. rawatsa.
pray, tr. v. (whether of prayers
to God or requests to men)
roka, yin roko ; construed
with an ace. of the person
or with ga (before pronouns
gave) ; the thing asked is
expressed either by the ace.,
e.g. I p. our Lord for that
which I seek and for my
needs ubangijinmu ni ke
roko komi ni ke bida da
bukatata or by a dependent
clause, e.g. we p. to the Lord
that we may obtain provision
for our journey from the
heathen mu roki ubanyiji
prayer
182
present
mu yi guzuri da asna ; intr.
v. in a religious sense only
yin addu'a, yin salla, yin
zikiri ; to p. for a person
prayer, n. addu'a, salla, salati,
zikiri*; call to p. about 4 p.m.
azuhur (S.), azahar (K.);
the man who calls to p. ladan,
ladani, makiran salla, wa-
zinu, wazanu (S.); a leader
in p. limam, liman, pi. li-
mami ; prayers said by a
mallam at a funeral alfatiya ;
time of p. about 10 a.m.
walaha; the four attitudes
(Moslem) for prayer are
(1) standing up and looking
towards Mecca kama, (2) rais-
ing the hands and calling upon
Allah rdka, rdka' a, (3) bend-
ing down with hands on knees
ruku'u, (4) prostration sajada.
prayer-beads, (a flower) idon
zakara.
prays, one who, n. mai-salati.
preach, v. yin wa'azi* and
wa'azu.
preaching, n. wa'azi, wa'azu ;
p. in mosque after prayers
hutsuba (S.), huduba (K.).
precious, adj. (costly) da tsada.
precipitous, a p. rock mikakken
dutsi.
precisely, rab, see exactly.
prefer, tr. v. Ji so, yin fin so,
gwamache, e.g. we p. mutton
to beef mun fi so naman
rago ya fi naman shanu;
I p. this to that na fi so
wannan da wanchan.
preferable, to be, intr. v., see
better, 1.
preference, fin so.
pregnancy, kunlka.
pregnant, adj. da chiki ; she is
p. ta chi wake ; to be p. yin
juna biyu.
preparation, n. shiri, shirya,
tdtali, tanadi (S.), jajibir,
jajibera, in a religious sense,
e.g. day of p., i.e. day before
any feast ranan jajibir.
prepare, tr. v. gen. gyara, e.g.
to p. a way gyara hanya,
gyarta] shiriya and yin
shiri; used in the intensive
form = p. diligently *///*/<-
shiriya; exclam. phr. p. ! ka
watane.
prepared, parbicip. form shiri-
yayye, fem. shiriyayya, pi.
shiriyayyu.
present, n. kyauta, e.g. I made
him a p. na yi masa kyauta,
abin gaisuwa, tsar aba*, kai-
wa ; the last especially of a
p. made to a king ; spec, a
fee paid for bringing a p.
tukwichi, tukuichi ; a wife's
marriage presents to bride-
groom gdra ; a p. made to a
presently
183
price
person on his arrival sauka ;
a first p. as a token that a
larger one is to follow ga-
rawa (K.) ; a p. sent by the
bridegroom to the bride
several days before the wed-
ding lefe ; a p. given by a
man when he sends for his
wife taskira ; a p. by a bride-
groom toshi.
presently, adv. (soon after the
present time) yanzu yanzu;
(immediately) nan da nan.
preserve, tr. v. kiyaye, ki-
yada (S.), kiyas da (K.),
kiyashe; in a looser sense
tsira, rayad da.
president of the market, n.
sarikin kasuwa.
press, tr. v. taushe (S.), tausa
(K.), mana, mani, matse,
ntfitsa, dana, ddne, danfara,
dankara; to p. down tawa-
ya or tauwi, chdchaka, chusa,
chushe, kimshe ; to p. a trigger
(lane ; the trigger was pressed
an dana kunama.
pressed, particip. adj. tau-
sashe, fern, tausashiya, pi.
tansassu.
presser, n. instr. mataushi
found, e.g. in mataushin kofa
a piece of wood to keep a
door closed, mataushin wa-
tika signet.
pressing, particip. n. taushewa.
pretence, riya, sane.
pretend, v. maida kansa, riya.
prettiness, ska'awa (K.), sha-
tva (S.).
pretty, he is p. shina da ma-
<jdna.
prevail over, v. rinjayi or
rinjaya } also expressed by
means of fi, e.g. I prevailed
over the man na rinjaya
mutum or na ji muturti da
karifi or mutum na fi kari-
Jinsa.
prevent, tr. v. hana, tankwasa,
dakile, tare* ; to p. a person's
leaving hume, e.g. I prevented
his leaving na hume shi.
previous, adj. na-fari, fern.
ta-fari; (of time long p.) na
da, e.g. p. time or age loka-
chin da ; men of p. ages
mutane na da or mutanen da.
previously, adv. da fari, e.g.
why did you not tell me this
p. ? domi ba ka fadi ma ni
nan da fari 1
prey, n. 1., see booty.
2. (food of an animal of
p.)nama, e.g. the lion catches
deer, that is his p. zaki ya
kama bareyi ya chi su na-
mansa ke nan.
price, n. kurdi, an taya, klma,
tamani*, sdllama, haki*, e.g.
what is its p. ? kurdinsa
naival ornawa an tayal name
prick
184
profit
its p. ba shi suna ; to fix a
p. for kawamata, e.g. let their
goods be gathered together
and their p. fixed a gangama
dukiyansu a kawamata; a
reduction in p.gwanjo ; to fall
in p. yin goino (or gwano).
prick, tr. v. soka, soke or soki,
tsokana ; to p. much (intens.)
sossoke.
prickle, 11. (on grass, etc.)
kaya, pi. kayayuwa.
pride, n. foma, homa, tama,
tamanya, girman kai, buki,
tashin kai, gatsina (K.), fa-
din zuchiya, fadin rai, guri,
fahari orfahri, e.g. leave off
p. ku barfahqri.
pride of India, (flower) kur-
nan nasara.
priest, liman*.
prince, n. amiru* ; (son of a
king) maina*, dan sariki ;
princes sarakuna.
prison, n. kurkuku, kililu,
kilulu, sadaka, salka, sarka,
ddkin dufu, wurin azdba,
gidan kwaliba* ; chief of a p.
bakurme (K.), bango (K.);
p. officer bay are (S.), yam,
pi. yarawa.
prisoner, kamamme, dan sa-
daka.
privet, Egyptian p. lalle,
probe, to kure.
procession, n. jera, jere or
jire ; spec, a royal p. banga
banga.
proclaim, v. 1. to make an
official announcement or
order yin shela, yin yekuwa.
2. to announce or publish
labarta, habarta*.
3. spec, to p. the end of
the fast yin gangamin azumi.
proclamation, n. 1. (an official
public announcement or
order) shela, doka, doki, ka-
liye, yekuwa.
2. (deliverance of religious
or moral instruction) wa'azi,
wa'azu.
procrastinate, v., see delay.
procure, tr. v. same, samo and
samu.
procuress, kaivaliya, kalwa-
liya (S.).
prodigy, kardma, see wonder.
produce, n. diya, yaya.
produce, tr. v., to p. young or
fruit haife ; to p. evidence
kai (or kawo) shaida.
profanely, to act, v., e.g. he
acted p. ya yi swabon Allah.
profession, n. (of an art or
craft) gwani; the termina-
tion -chi is often used to
denote a person's p., e.g. the
p. of a boka = bokanchi, the
p. of a malam - malamchi.
profit, n. (both lawful and un-
lawful) kura, rlba, moriya;
profitable
unlawful p. haramiya; to
make a p. chin rlba, mori a
man who sells a second time
at a p. mai-sari; men who
make unlawful p. masu-riba
da kura-, to p. by anfdni,
i (fane.
profitable, to be, v. yi n moriya.
185
proper
_ , . ^, karuwanchi
(profligate, n, a p. ashege,
'ark*', a p. m&nfdsiki, pi.
fatikai, dan karma, mai-yin
*ina } mai-zina, mai-nema ;
a p. woman/a,,^, karuwa.
profligate, adj. shege; to be
P- yin zina.
prohibit, to hana.
prohibited, a p. p l ace bataka,
buruvm*', it was p. an yi
IK i n i.
prohibition is expressed bj
:, also by kada dai, e.g.
do not hinder them kada ka
hana ,L or kak ka hana su
prohibition, n. hani, doka*,
katthedi, kasheji (S.).
Project, to gota; (e.g. O f a
single man in a row) sa ba,
*aba, billo, bulo, bullo.
>rolong, tr. and intr. v. dadi,
'/<"/'', tsaivo, wanzu, e 'g'
y God p. your life Allah
dacle da ranka ; impers.
e prolonged our stay here
"""< zamna nan ya dade;
the last idea can be expr.'
by dade alone in personal
constr., e.g. I prolonged my
stay in Tripoli to four months
na dade ga Tarabulus wata
fudu.
promenade, intr. v. yawo, yin
yawo.
promise, n. alkdwali,alkdwari,
wa'adi; to make a p. yin
alkdwali; to break a p. sdki
and warwari alkdwali; to
keep a p. chika alkdwali,
chika magana, kama ma-
gana; a p. to pay waka.
promise, v. yin baki daya,
yin magana daya.
Prone, (on the 'back) a rigin-
gini.
pronounce, v. ( to declare
openly or positively), see
declare,
pronunciation, n. halshe, har-
she, pi. halshina or halussa.
proof, n. shaida; to adduce p.
kai or kawo shaida ; p. (e.g.
from the Koran) in support of
conduct or statement dalili.
Prop, n . mdddgara, makari,
tankari ; see bar.
prop, to, v. dogare, tankare
propagate, tr. v. (to have
young) haife, haife diya.
propel, tr. v., e.g. a canoe fan.
kuda.
Proper, adj. na-kwarai, fern.
ta-kwarai, halal, halas,
properly
186
proudly
daidai that which is p.
sawaba.
properly, adv. kwarai, daidai,
tamaUj sosai, bajau.
property, n. (goods, riches)
dukiya, pi. dukoki and duki-
yoyi, jdli, mallaka, tarkache \
a man of p. mai-dukiya,
mai-abin dukiya, mutum da
dukiya dayawa, mai-wadachi
and mai-wadata.
prophecy, n. annabanchi, an-
- nabchi, waliyanchi.
prophesy, v. yin annabanchi.
prophet, n. annabi, pi. anna-
bawa tlie office of a p.
annabanchi.
proprietor, n. gen, (owner)
mai-abu, conn, mai-abin, mai-
chi; (house owner) ubangiji',
see under mai.
propriety, n. halalchi*.
prosper, v. 1 . tr. ba (or bada)
arziki, e.g. may God p. you
Allah shi ba ku arziki.
2. intr., see prosperous.
prosperity, n. arziki, abki,
afki, auki, katari, katarta*,
yalwata, bijinta, alkariya,
gata, gatanchi ; he has en-
joyed p. ya sha ruwa ; he
has enjoyed p. in this world
ya sha duniya.
prosperous, adj. da arziki,
mai-arziki, mai-katarta ; he
is p. ya yi bijinta ; he
shall not be p. ba a yi masa
arziki ba.
prostitute, n. karuwa, kwar-
tuiva (fern, of kwarto), faJka,
farka, mai-nema.
prostrate oneself, to, v. yin
ajt, kafa goshi, gurfana and
yin gurfani ; (of prostration
in worship) yin sujada, also
with na, e.g. follow after
God, p. yourselves before
Him ku bi Allah kuna su-
jada.
prostrate, to be, v. rubda (or
rufda) chiki, yin aft.
prostration, n. (i.e. in prayer)
raka.
protect, tr. v. tsdra, tsari,
tsdre, tsaro, batdka.
protection, n. lamuni*, kd-
riya* ; he has the king's p.
ya shiga rigar sariki.
protector, n. (defender) mai-
taimako.
protopterus, n. (mud-fish) gai-
wa; the noise made by the
p. chiwuki.
protrude, to zazzale.
protruding, e.g. of an eye
after a blow zazzalo.
proud, adj. mai-girman kai, pi.
masu-girman kai, da girman
kai, mai-girima, mai-foma,
mai-homa.
proudly, adv. da girman bd :
to speak p. yin raha; to
prove 187
walk p. takama \ one who
walks p. mai-takama.
prove, tr. v. (to establish the
truth of anything) yaskata
or gaskanta ; (to evidence by
testimony of any kind) kai
(or kawo) shaida; (by ex-
position or argument) gay a,
nuna or nuni.
proved, particip. (attested,
certified) shaidadde, fern.
ghaidadda, pi. shaidaddu.
proverb, karin magana, sara.
provided that, this conj. is
expressed by adding em-
phatic particles dai, fa to in,
idem, e.g. in dai, idanfa.
provision, n. provisions for a
journey guzuri ; to make or
obtain p. yin guzuri fig. of
p. for the next world, e.g.
repent, seek p. for the way
that thou mayest prepare to
make a journey ka tuba ka
nemi guzuri don ka shiriya
yinin tafiya.
provoke, tr. v. harzuka ga,
hasdla ga, haye* I was
provoked at this saying na
jifushi da maganan nan.
prowl, to p. round zdga, zazzaga.
proximity, see nearness,
proximo, adv. (e.g. next
month) watan gobe.
prudence, n. hankali, fahimi,
basira.
pull
prudent, adj. mai-hankali, pi.
masu-hankali ; to be p. shiga
hankali, hankalta.
prudently, adv. da hankali.
Psalms, n. zabura*.
puberty, one who has reached,
n. balagagge, pi. balagaggu ;
children approaching the age
of p. banawa ; a boy ap-
proaching p. matashin balaga',
a girl approaching p. mata-
shiyar balaga ; the age of p.
lokachin balaga.
puberty, to reach, intr. v. ba-
laga.
publish, tr. v. (i.e. to p. a
thing or news of a thing)
labarta, habarta*.
pudenda, n. al'aura*, matu-
chi fern.
puerility, n. halin yaro.
puff-adder, kasa.
puggaree, a red. p. jan tunka.
pull, tr. v. ja, jaka ; to p. out
chira, chire, fitas da, fusge,
fizge or fisge, tabe, tabi, sa-
katta, sakache, tuge, zara, zare,
zari, zaro, e.g. he pulled a
pistol out of his pocket ya
fitas da akotiya daga alji-
funsa; to p. out (as a hair,
grains from a stalk) tsefe, (as
roots) tona or tone, tumbuke ;
p. out the grass a tumbuke
chiyawa to p. towards one-
self jawo ; to p. in towards
pulley
188
purity
oneself miko ; to p. up a
horse zami, zame ; p. up
here ! zami nana.
pulley, on a Hausa loom
on which the peddles work
chikalkora ; see under weav-
ing.
pulse, daldal.
pumping beam, n. kutara*.
pumpkin, n., names of different
species are : large garden p.
(Cucurbitapepo) kdbewa(K.),
kubewa (S.), goji (Z.) ; a
smaller p., used in making
soup miya ; a white p. not
eaten, used for making water-
pots duma, masc. pi. dumai-
mai or dumaye.
punch, to fidda naushi.
punctuation, signs oi'fdri.
punish, tr. v. fallasa, pallasa
or pallashe, foro, yin tuahala,
yinforo.
punishment, n. fallasa or pal-
lasa, azdba, foro ; a legal p.
ukuba (S.).
pup, n. kwikuyo, kwikwiyo,
kuyikuyu, pi. kuyikuyai, fol-
lowed by kare.
pupil, n. 1. (a school-boy) dan
makaranta, pi. yan maka-
ranta, yaron (pi. yaran) ma-
karanta ; (of adults and spec,
those of a religious teacher,
i.e. disciples) almajiri, fern.
almajira, pi. almajirai.
2. p. of the eye ijiya, ijiya/r
ido, matsokachin ido.
puppy, n., see pup.
purchase, tr. v., see buy.
pure, adj. 1. (in a material
sense) tsari, tsalka or tsa-
tsalka, da tsalki, tsatsarka,
e.g. p. wheat, i.e. clean, in
good condition alkama tsari,
(of metals = unalloyed) safi
or safe, e.g. p. silver azurfa
soft ~ azurfa babu ha'inchi ;
( simply) tsaba and tsala,
kana, e.g. p. and simple
cowries, i.e. nothing but
cowries tsaban kurdi ; noth-
ing but water kuna ruwa.
2. (in a ceremonial or
moral sense) tsari, chari, da
tsarki, da tsabta, halal, halas]
p. water ruwa da karari ; to
be p. yin tsabta, tsalkaka,
tsarkaka.
purgative medicine, n. ma-
ganin zawo, maganin gudun-
daji; purging nu t bi ni da zugu.
purge, to kawashe.
purification, n. esp. ceremonial
p. tsalka or tsatsalka, lullo ;
p. of a woman after the birth
of a child biki.
purify, tr. v. tsarkake, chr-
kake.
purity, n. tsarki, tsalki (S.),
tsabta, tsapta, tsauta, halal-
chi, karari.
purloin
purloin, tr. v., see steal.
purple, ttknni.
purpose, n. </,<<i ti ,chi, ham
Z(r/'i, hanzari.
purpose, on, adv. da gangan
to no p. banna.
purring, e.g. of eat or hyena
gurnani.
purslane, fasa kaba ; horse p
gadon machiji.
pursue, tr. v. (as in war)
farfaro or faffaro ; he pur-
sued his way ya kama
hanya.
push, tr. v. tuka, iza, ije,
surmuka, tura, turi, ture,
zungura, dam/are, the last of
pushing so as to cause one to
stumble; to p. towards one-
self ture ; to p. aside tunkuda,
bankada, bankade, kide ; 'to
p. into water yangante ; push-
ing with the knee gtila.
pushing, turo.
pustule, n. (boil) kurji, pi.
kuraje, kureje, kuraraji.
put, tr. v. ,s-, sanya, aje ; to
put one thing on another dza
or aza ma; to p. aside (to
cease from) sa, e.g. let us p.
aside quarrelling mu sa kan-
kanchi (to lay up) aje; to p.
away kauda, kawas to p. on
(of clothes, etc.) 8 a ; to p.
together tara ; to p. down a
load jide.
189
quarrel
puzzle, n. zauranche, see rid-
dle.
puzzle, tr. v., see perplex,
pyramid, see cone,
python, n. mesa, mulwa*.
quack, n. (a pretender to
medical science) boka, pi.
quackery, n. bokanchi ; cf.
prec.
quake, intr. v., see tremble.
qualm, n. 1. ( a feeling of
nausea) kumallo.
2. (a conscientious scruple
or hesitation) kumya.
quantity, n. (an amount of
anything) mashasha, afki,
sununu, tsibi ; a large q.
yuyu, gugi, e.g. a large q. of
sand yuyin rairai, jibgi, the
last esp. of food ; taro, taru,
yawa, yawanchi, also dayawa,
e.g. his discourse was noth-
ing but a great q. of words
wa l azinsa saiyawan mag ana;
see much; a small q. ka-
ranchi.
quarrel, n. fusuma, jaya, ja-
yayya, husuma, tsalmi, see
seq.
quarrel, intr. v. yin jay a, kan-
kani, yin kankanchi ; to q.
with yin kankanchi da, in
the sense of to maintain
opposite opinions gardama
quarrelling
190
quite
with the forms in na or with
yi ; fada (lit. to fight) is also
used.
quarrelling, kankanchi, sdba.
quarrelsome, a,dj.futsu, hutsu,
mafadachi, mai-ijiat yaki he
is q. ya tarikafada.
quarter, n. 1. (a fourth part)
rubu'i*.
2. (a division in a town)
shiya, pi. shiyoyi, unguwa,
pi. unguwai and (in Sokoto)
ungunni ; cf . seq.
quarters, n. (place of stay,
lodging) masabki, mazamni,
also loosely wuri.
quash, tr. v. (to make void)
wofinta.
queen, n. 1. (a female sovereign)
sarkanya.
2. (a king's wife) sarauniya,
matan sariki.
quench, tr. v. (to put out a
light or fire) kufuli* ; pass.
to be quenched (to go out)
mutu, e.g. the fire is quenched
wuta ta mutu.
query, n., cf. seq.
question, n. tambaya, binchike,
mas'ala*.
question, v. tambaya, yin
tambaya, yin binchike, tan-
tambaya.
questioning, n. (discussion
about something doubtful)
kokanto, binchike, binchiki.
quick, adj. 1. (rapid, im*
mediate) sauki, da sauri; a
q. death (or a sudden death)
saukin mutuwa.
2. (alive) da rai.
quickly, adv. (at once, with
the least delay) da sauki, da
sauri, nan da nan ; (at a
rapid rate) mdza, ribta,rupta,
garr, kldis, kudis, samli,
rugu*; very q. maza maza
contr. malmdza, e.g. he is
counting the cowries very q.
yana kilgan alkawara maza
maza; to go q. (lit. to blow
a hole through the ground)
fura kasa.
quicksilver, n. zaiba.
quiet, adj. (implying cessation
from speech or cries) da
kawai, jurum ; to be q. yin
shiru (or shuru), yin kawai,
kawaita, ruma (S.), yin ku-
rum ; (of disposition) lalafa ;
cf . seq. ; keep q. kame bakinka,
quietness, n. kawai ; (of dis-
position) lalafanchi.
quit, v. (to leave or abandon)
bari or bar, e.g. q. this cus-
tom ku bari tadan nan ; of
a path sau.
quite, adv. 1. (wholly, nothing
but) sai which is either
applied to the entire clause,
e.g. if he refuses this you
may call him quite a coward
luiver 191
in ya ki nan sai ka kira-
-fcu shi matsorata, lit. you may
quite call him a coward, or, as
in Engl., applied to a par-
ticular term, e.g. his face was
. q. bloody fuskassa sai jini; he
is not q. dead ba ya ida mu-
fi//ca; so in the very common
expression sai lafiya quite
well.
2. (less precisely = very
much, indeed, truly) dayawa,
hrorai, e.g. we are q. pleased
at ana jin dadi dayawa ; I
was q. frightened na ji tsoro
dayawa- } I q. understand naji
sarai ; adv. phr. quite so ashe,
da gaskiya, ya yi haka.
luiver, n. kwari, kwarin ki-
biya, gidan kibiya.
luiver, intr. v., see shake,
tremble.
'abble, n. (low class of men,
the mob) taro banza.
'abid, adj. mahaukachi, e.g. a
r. dog mahaukachin kare ; see
mad.
'ace, n. 1. (ancestral stock)
usali, asali.
2. (a particular breed of
men or animals) iri, pi. irare.
3. (a running in contest of
men or horses) tsere, tseray-
ija.
-addish, a kind oifijir.
ram
radiant, adj. (emitting light)
mai-haske, pi. masu-haske.
rafter, n., used in roofs dzara
see reed.
rag, n. (in the sense of a small
piece of any stuff) da, e.g. a
cloth r. dan zane, dan barki,
dan yanki ; see rags.
rage, u.fushi.
rage, intr. v. haukache, yin
fushi, jinfushi ; see angry.
rags, n. coll. ragc/a, pi. rdgguna,
tsiimma, pi. tsummokarai,
tsummoki, keso*, chuna* ;
singulars of both are used
as collectives, old r. chuku-
chuku ; trop. (in the sense of
old or tattered clothes) rdya,
ragga, pi. raggogi (S.), tsum-
ma ; clothed in r., a,dj,funtu
or da funtu.
raid, n. sati, esp. a surprise
slave r. by horsemen hdri ;
raiding of a town basasa.
raider, (i.e. slave-raider) ma-
hari, pi. mahara.
rain, n. ruwa, pi. ruwaye,
ruwan bis a, ruwan sama ;
spec, gentle r. yayyafa, yin-
yifi; a cloud which threatens,
or produces rain zirnaniya ;
heavy or lasting r. malka
(S.), marka (K.), mako, ma-
mako, pashi, taguwa ; light
r. tsatsafa; the night has
been passed in the r. an
rain
192
ran so]
kwan da ruwa ; the r. pours
down ruwa ya zuba ; in
the r. da ruwa; a r. cloud
jitau.
rain, v. 1. impers., it rains ana
ruwa and yana ruwa ; it
rained an yi ruwa', to r.
heavily or long yin taguwa,
yin malka, sarafa* ; the r.
stopped aka dauke ruwa it is
raining slightly ana yayyafa.
2. used in a fig. sense to
cast or shower down like r.
turn by means of a com-
parison common in Hausa
kaman ruwa, e.g. our guns
r. bullets on the enemy
bindigoginmu sun jefa da
harsashe a bisa abokan-gaba
kaman ruwa; he speaks
fluently ya yi mag ana ka-
man ruwa, lit. he speaks
like r.
rainbow, n. masha-ruwa, ma-
shan-ruwa, bakan glzo, ba-
kan Allah ; the spirit of the
r. gajimare.
rain-drop, n. tarfi*.
rainy, adj., see rain; r. season
damdna or damuna, cf . rani ;
a break during the r. season
fari.
raise, tr. v. (to make or cause
to rise, also to set up) tada,
tayas, tayas da, tashe, tdsdd
da, hankada, hau da, haushi,
hausa; (to lift or pick u
anything) dauka contr. da*
do.
raisin, zabibi*.
rake, n., with two prono
mashari.
rake, tr. v., spec, to r. togethe
cinders or embers of a fir
aza (or hasa) wuta; I r. u
cowries towards me na ton
kurdi.
ram, n. rago, pi. ragun, him
suru, pi. bunsurai or bun
suraye; spec, a large Bor
nuese r. dradra ; a red anc
white r. kargo ; a long-earec
r. uda.
Ramadan, n. (the moham
medan fast month)
azumi.
ramble, intr. v. (to wandeu
about) yin yawo.
rambling, n. yauwa.
rampart, n. ganuwa.
ramrod, n. tsatsayawa, /</>-
washi.
rancid, to be or become, intr.
v. ruba.
range, n. (of hills) kuduniya.
range, tr. v. (to dispose in
regular order) daidaita.
rank, (i.e. line) jeri, pi. jerori,
to form r. jera.
ransom, n. pansa,fansa, hansa;
or r. paid for a captured
slave gumki, kurdin turn }
insom 193
money paid to set a slave
free kurdin kariya tiiru.
ansom, tr. v. panshe, panshi,
fanshe, e.g. pass, let him be
ransomed a fanshe shi.
ansomer, n. ag. mai-fansa.
ansoming, n. pansawa, fan-
saw a.
apid, adj., see quick.
asp, n., see file.
asp, tr. v. gogi or goge.
i at, n. dambariya, bera or bira
(K.), kusu (S.); large palm
! ; r. (cane r. or ground r.)
yynbji, gyauji, or kusun
kyamro ; large Gambian r.
buryu, fern, gafiya ; the stink-
ing r. or shrew jdba.
ittle, a chdki; a pod used
by children as a r. baran-
ehaki, kachokacho.
,attle, to yin chdki.
ive, intr. v. haukache and
hauka, see raving.
ivening, n. zowari, zwari.
ivenous, to be kwaraka.
ivine, n. kanya; a r. with
water in it kogi, pi. ko-
yuna or kogai, kordma ; a
waterless r. kwazazzabo,
kwari.
LVing, adj. mai-hauka, mai-
haukachi ; to become r. yin
raurawa ; see mad.
tw, adj. danye, danyi, pi.
i danyoyi.
R. H. D.
ready
| ray, of sun giraza, girazal
t' ana.
raze, to, a town, baji, baje.
razor, n. aska, pi. asake or
askake.
reach, v. 1. tr. (to extend, or
hold out) mika, e.g. I reached
my hand to him na mika
masa hannu.
2. intr. (to arrive at) isa,
ishe, iske, kai, e.g. the boys
swam and reached the land
yara sun yi iyo sun kai
kasa.
3. (to overtake) tar as.
4. trop. (to be sufficient as
in Engl. 'the money will r.
so far ') iya, isa, ishe, kai,
e.g. it wont r. (it is insuffi-
cient) ba shi kai.
read, tr. v. kardtu, yin kardtu,
karanta; to r. through shide;
to r. a second time tusa ka-
ranta.
readiness, n. shiriya.
| reading, n. karatu, bita.
I ready, participial adj. (pre-
pared or in readiness) shiri-
yayye, fern, shiriyayya, pi.
shiriyayyu; r. money hannu
da hannu ; cf. seq.
ready, to make, v. 1. (in a
general sense but also very
commonly of preparation for
an expedition, journey etc.)
yin shiri, shiriya, e.g. a
13
real
194
rebellious
prudent man would prepare
for to-morrow's journey to-
day don tafiyar gobe mutum
mai-hankali shi kan yi shirin
yau we have a journey
before us which cannot be
put aside, whether you are
prepared or unprepared muna
da tajiya bafasawa in ka yi
shiri da izan ba a shiriya ba ;
so also gyara, e.g. to make r.
a way or a load yyara hanya
or kaya ; to make r. (by
mending or by putting to
rights and in order generally)
gyarta.
real, adj. na gaskiya, da gas-
kiya, also gaskiya and gaske
added to the term to be thus
qualified ; of persons mai-
gaskiya, e.g. he is a r. friend
shi ne aboki mai-gaskiya,
which may also be expressed
by shi ne aboki da gaskiya,
lit. he is a friend in reality.
reality, n. sakankanchewa, gas-
kiya, e.g. whether this be r.
or falsehood I know not ko
gaskiya ko kariya ban sani
ba ; cf. seq.
reality, to assure of the r. of,
tr. v. gaskanta.
really, adv. da gaskiya, gaskiya,
gaske, Jidda*, e.g. it is r. so
da gaskiya hakanan shi ke or
simply gaskiya ne; (used as
interrogatives or expression*
of surprise) ashe, ai, ainin,
anya, e.g. r.? or r.! ashe.-.
realm, n. sarauta, mulki*, zati.
reanimate, tr. v. (to recall to
life) raya.
reap, tr. v. girba, girbi, yanka,
yanke, yin sdra.
reaped, e.g. r. corn sankach^
jene.
reaper, n. mai-girbi.
reason, 1. (cause) sababi, kibu
(S.), sabili, sanadi.
2. (a r. given as an excuse)
huja or fuja.
3. (authority from Koran
etc. or origin of a myth,
story etc.) dalili.
4. (the intelligent faculty)
see ability ; adverbial
phrases, for this r. domin
haka, don haka, for that r.
domin or don wannan, do-
min chewa* ; this is the r.
i ta che dalili or shi ya sa\ it
was past r. ya wuche misali ;
what is the r. ? ina sabili 1
reasonable, to be shiga han~
kali ; be r. shiga hankalinka.
reasonable, mai-dalili.
reasoning, n. kokanto; to en-
gage in r. yin kokanto.
rebel, n. makangari.
rebel, intr. v. yin kangara.
rebellion, tawaye.
rebellious, pi. tawaye.
ibound
abound, n., e.g. of an arrow
mura.
;l bound, intr. v. tankwashe,
lankwashe, e.g. the spears
I 'rebounded from the coats
,of mail masussuka sun tan
rkwashe dag a lijida.
ibuke, tr. v. tsaushi, tsawato
(In, i/in tsawa, e.g. the learned
man rebuked his disciples
ma/ami ya yi tsawa ma
almajiransaj he rebuked me
: ya yi ma ni tsawa.
iceipt, amsa.
rceive, tr. v. 1. (to take what
is offered) karba, karbi, dau-
ka, doka, samu, imperat.
.receive karbo.
2. (of a salutation) karba,
3.g. they received, i.e. acknow-
ledged your salutation sun
farba gaisuwakka ; (of news
Jtc.) ji, e.g. we received news
'nun ji labari ; to r. as a
juest shide, e.g. they received
ne joyfully suka shide ni da
>iurna.
'<;eived, particip. (approved
f, agreed to, believed in)
'ardadde, fern, yardadda, pi.
ardaddu.
( eptacle, n., any kind of r.
iay be expressed by gida,
1. gidaje or gidadaji ; by
leans of this are formed
,be Hausa equivalents of
195
reconcile
various Engl. terms, e.g. a
needle-case (lit. r. of needles)
yidan allura a quiver gidan
kibiya-, an envelope gidan
takarda.
reception, a royal, n. turaka.
recess, n . (nook, closet, small
room etc.) loloki, pi. lokokai,
lungu; secret recesses coll.
lolokin asiri.
reciprocal, adj., turn by the
recipr. pron. juna.
reckless courage, with, adj.
jan namiji.
reckon, v. kida, kilga, kirga,
see count, number ; to r.
up (take account of) zdna.
reckoning, n. 1. (computing,
calculating) kidaya, kida and
kididdiga, hisabi (S.) ; (of
accounts) lisafi or lasafi.
recline, intr. v. dangana, ki-
shingida or kishinkida (this
also -to sit with crossed legs),
jingina, jingine.
recognise, to gani*, gane*.
recollect, tr. v. (to remember)
tuna, tuna da.
recollection, participial n.
tunawa.
recompense, n. (both of pe-
cuniary reward, wages, and
also generally) lada.
recompense, tr. v., see repay,
requite and reward,
reconcile, tr. v. gama dadi*.
132
reconciliation
196
reference
reconciliation, mlhu, sulfa*,
sulba*.
record, n. ambdto.
recover, v. 1. tr. (to get back),
e.g.he recovered his property
ya samu dukiyassa kuma.
2. intr. (of health) samu
afuwa, yin rangwame, mike,
he recovered his health ya
samu lafiya ; to r. from a
swoon yin hankali ; he is
not quite recovered ba ya ida
warkewa ba ; I recovered na
samu sauki.
recovery, n. (of health) rang-
wame, afuwa.
red, adj.Ja, pl.jajaye ; staining
r. jaje ; very r. ja wur ; a r.
dye garura.
reddish, adj. jaja kadan, jache.
redeem, tr. v. fanshe, panshe,
yin fansa, e.g. we redeemed
him from slavery muka fan-
she shi daga bauta.
redemption, n. fansa, pansa,
fansawa ; diyauchi (lit. free-
dom) also bears the pregnant
sense of r.
reduce, tr. v. 1. (generally, to
lessen, to decrease) ragi or
rage to be reduced ragu.
2. to r. amount of an
account or charge yin ran-
gwame, rangwamta.
3. (to conquer, subdue}
chi.
reduction, n. 1. (lessening
assuaging of anything) ra
guwa.
2. (of an account) ran
gwame, e.g. make me a r
ka yi ma ni rangwame.
reed, n. gora, pi. gorori, kdrt
pi. kardre, kara, jiniya ; spec
of various qualities and uses
a kind of r. or rough grass
Spanish r. gabara ; a r. grov
ing amongst and resemblin
guinea-corn kusumburwa ; a
edible water r. bindu, bindc
a r. used for making arrov
kyamro (S.), kyauro (K.), p
kyamare, gazara*, shem.
reeds such as are used f<
making doors etc. asabat
tsabre] reeds forming circ
lar bindings near the favam
inside a roof murdaka, m\
daka, magwadi (S.) ; a pla
where reeds meet in t
centre inside thatched ro
kwando; reeds bound 1
gether forming inside bin
ing of a thatched roof tank
a r.-like plant of which nati
ropes are made rama; a
used as a pen alkalami ;
also gar any a (K.).
reed-buck, kaji.
reeling, n. (staggering)
9*9*-
reference, with r. to
reflection
197
relationship
n. (consideration,
tunanne, pi. tu-
reflection,
thought)
nannu.
refrain from, tr. v. bari, bar,
e.g. r. f. falsehood ka bar
kriya ; r. f. laughter rike
dariya.
refuge, n. matsira, macheto.
refusal, n. kiwuya, kiyuya,
hdnawa, tayazwa r. to hear
kin- ji ; r. to work kiwuya,
indainda.
refuse, n. kazamta-, r. food
kamzo, kanzo.
refuse, v. ki, kiya, kinkinta,
rena, yin kishi, dakile, tayaz ;
to r. an offer in buying and
selling hana and saidaba* ;
to r. exertion (or labour)
yin kiwuya; to r. to keep
a promise yin gase ; to r. to
listen kyah.
refuses, one who r. to work, n.
makiyachi, mai-kiwuya.
refusing, n. participial form
hanawa, kiyawa, kiyaya.
regard, n. 1. (attention, heed)
hankali.
2. (affection) soy ay y a or
soyaiya, kauna, kamna, e.g.
an object of r. abin kamna ;
you have forfeited my r. ka
yanke ma ni kauna.
regard, tr. v. 1. (to look at
attentively both physically
and mentally) duba.
2. (to heed) yin hankali,
kula, construed with da
before the object regarded,
regent, n. makadashi, makad-
dashi, makadas.
region, n. waje, pi. wajeje.
regret, v. (to repent) tuba.
reign, n. 1. (royal authority,
power) sarauta.
2. (the time a r. lasts)
zamani.
reign, intr. mallaka ; see rule,
rein, v., to r. in zami, zame.
reining-in, n. zamiya.
reject, tr. v. ki, kiya, yada*,
e.g. they rejected the right
way sun yada hanya ; to r.
as something bad yin tsan-
tsani.
rejoice, v. 1. intr. yin or jin
farin chiki, yin or jin murna',
to r. with anyone yin bishara.
2. tr. bada (or so) murna.
rejoin, intr. (to answer) yin
amsa.
rejoinder, n. (answer) amsa.
relate, v. fadi, fada.
related, to be danginta.
relation, n. dangi or dagi*,
pi. dangogi, kwatana,* ; cf.
seq.
relations, coll. dangi both in
the sing, and pi., kibanta,
makusata.
relationship, n. zumunta*,
juna.
relax
198
remind
relax, v. 1. tr. (of bonds etc.
to loosen) kwanche, kunche,
sake ; (of efforts, rule etc. to
make less severe or strict)
ragi, rage.
2. intr. (to become less
strict or severe, of anything,
e.g. pain) ragti.
relaxation, n. 1. (in sense of
2. prec.) raguwa.
2. (rest) natsu, natsuwa.
release, tr. v. saki and in a
looser sense bari, bar ; see
let
reliable, adj. (vulg.), see trust-
worthy.
relieve, tr. v. (e.g. one of a
load) tariyo* ; (to assist) see
help.
religion, n. addini ; the true
r. addinin yaskiya \ the mo-
ham medan r. musulumchi ;
he was converted to the
moharnmedan r. ya zama
musulmi.
religious person, n. mai-
addini, pi. masu-addini.
rely on, v. dangana, ingata,
constr. with da or ga, yarda
with da-, to r. on God ka-
sada; to r. upon a person
shaduda or saduda.
remain, intr. v. 1. (of staying
or stopping in a place) zamna,
zauna, kasanchi*, kwana (lit.
sleep), e.g. we remained there
two days mun kwana nan
kwana biyu ; we remain for
this one day only mu ke yini
ranan nan.
2. (of remaining in one
state as well as place) duma,
dawama, kasanchi, tabbatawa;
(to be over) yin raguwa.
remainder, n. saura, shaura,
shawara,dudduga, kanfa (S.),
kingi, raguwa, rdgowa (SI
shingi (K.), ringi ; r. of food
marmashi, sudi, suddi; r. of
nuts, food, etc. kdla.
remaining, 1. participial adj.
(also r. over) mai-wanzuwa.
2. (continuing) mai-da-
wama.
3. n. (continuance, staying)
dawdma, tdbbata.
remains, see remainder.
remedy, n. (in medicinal and
also in general sense) ma-
gani, e.g. the filasko plant is
a r. for diarrhoea filasko
maganin gudawa ; prov. if
a town be far off the r. is
travel maganin gari da nesa
tafiya.
remember, v. tuna-, to come
to r. tuna with da before
object.
remembrance, n. (recollec-
tion) tunanne, tunawa, tun-
tuna.
remind, to taso*, tuna ma.
"emiss
199
repel
remiss, adj. lalafa.
."emission, n. (forgiveness) ga-
fara^ yafewa*.
"emissly, adv. da lalafan-
chi.
-emissness, n. lalafanchi.
"emit, tr. v. (to forgive) yarda,
(/((farta, yin g afar a ; to r. a
debt yarda bashi to r. a
law tsaida.
remnant, e.g. after cloth has
been measured, n. gutsura,
see remainder,
"emorse, n. naddma (S.), ni-
ddma, laddma, da-na-sani ;
where there is no wrong,
there is no r. babu laifi, babu
. tunanne.
"emote, adj. 1. (distant in
place) na nesa ; also da nesa
and daga nesa, e.g. a r. town
(jari da nesa.
2. (distant in time) na dd,
also da wuri or dauri, e.g. r.
customs tadodi na dd.
"emoval, kaura.
remove, tr. v. kauda, kaushe,
kauwa, kawas, kawas da.
rend, tr. v. keche, kiche, keta,
murtsuka, tsdga ; to r. in
pieces fatattake, isatsaga.
render, tr. v. 1. (to give) ba
or bada.
'2. (of an account, to give,
give in, present) to r. an
account yin. lisafi.
3. (to translate) juya, sou*
;/<(, fasara, yinfasara.
4. (to cause to be or be-
come) periphr. e.g. the heat
of the fire rendered his face
very red zafin wuta ya sa
fuskassa ta zamaja wur.
rending, n. fatattaka, tsdga,
see tearing,
renew, to sabunta; renewing
sabunchi (K.), sabuntaka
(S.).
rent, n. ijara, siifuri.
rent, tr. v. (of houses, etc.)
sufurche, sufurchi, sufurta,
yin sufuri.
repair, tr. v. (to mend) gy-
arta, gyara, lallaba*, yin
adana.
repairing, adana.
repast, n. 1. (a meal) kalachi.
2. (food, victuals) abinchi,
chima, chimaka.
repay, to yika.
repeal, tr. v. kauda, e.g. the
king repealed the prohibition
sariki ya kauda doka.
repeat, v. 1. (to do again), see
again ; to r. an action yin
maimai, maimaita, kdra,
ribbi*.
2. (to say a thing over
again) tusa.
repel, tr. v. kora, kore ; to be
repelled (of an arrow, etc. )
tankwaskt,
repent
200
resign
repent, intr. v. tuba, e.g. re-
pent ! ku tuba ; if he refuses
to r. idan ya ki tuba.
repentance, n. tuba, nidama,
naddma (S.), laddma.
repents, one who, n. mai-tuba.
repetition, (i.e. doing any-
thing over again) takidi*.
reply, n. amsa, amshe ; to give a
r. ba (or bada) amsa ; cf. seq.
reply, intr. v. amsa, yin amsa,
e.g. he replied to them ya
amsa ma su or ya yi ma su
amsa.
report, n. 1. (rumour, news)
labdri, e.g. we heard a r.
about war muka ji labarin
yaki.
2. (fame, repute) ydbo.
3. (noise of gun) amo*,
kdrar bindiga.
4. false r. tsegumi, pi.
tsegunguma.
report, v. (to bring news) yin
labdri, ba (or bada or fadi)
labdri; to r. against (to
inform against) sare, sara.
repose, n. 1. (lying at rest)
kwantawa.
2. (rest, quietness) futa,
futawa.
3. (sleep) barchi, kwana.
repose, v. 1. tr., to n con-
fidence in sa with bisa or bisa
ga and substantives given
under confidence, q.v.
2. intr. (to lie, to be
placed) pass, of aje and sa;
(to lie at rest) kwana.
reprehend, tr. v. (to reprove,
censure), see blame,
reprehensible, adj. da laifi
representative, n. (an agent
or substitute) wakili.
repress, kwabe, kwdba, kwdbo,
see hinder.
reproach, n. zargi, zagi.
reproach, tr. v. yin zagi,
bache.
reproaching, zagi, zage.
reproof, n. foro ; harasa, ra-
rauka (K.).
reprove, tr. v. yin foro.
reptile, n. mai-rarrafe, pi.
masu-rarrafe, abin kasa, igi-
yar kasa.
reputation, n. yabo, suna,
e.g. his r. spread throughout
the Sudan mutane duka su
ji sunansa chikin Sudan.
requital, n. fansa, pansa,
hansa, saka-mako.
requite, tr. v. biya ; (in a bad
as well as good sense) rama.
rescue, tr. v. kwache orkwasJie;
see also deliver,
resemble, to daidaiche, yin
kama.
reserve, (i.e. support in war)
ribadi.
reside, intr. v., see dwell,
resign, tr. v. (to give up,
resignation
201
retained
abandon) bari, bar ; to r.
office maida rawani.
resignation, n. hankuri, han-
kura, hakura, hakuri.
resigned, to be, v. jin sanyi,
also hankuri with yi or the
forms in na, e.g. I am r. to
this ina hankuri da wannan ;
he was r. to this pain ya yi
hankuri da azaban nan.
resist, tr. v. (gen. to withstand,
baffle) hana ; to r., request
etc. hana q.v., ki ji, e.g. he
resisted every proposal ya ki
ji mag ana duka.
resistance, n. in sense of prec.
init. hanawa, makaiva.
resolution, (i.e. firmness) ha-
r<nna, hazama.
respect, 11. (i.e. esteem) hasafi,
kauna.
respond, v. (to answer) amsa,
yiit amsa.
rest, n. 1. (remainder) shawara,
wni.ra, kingi, shingi (K.).
2. (repose, quiet) futa,futu,
futawa, hutawa, mugdma*,
cf. repose; (of the grave)
place of r. makwanchi ; (of
death) the last r. makarin
barchi.
rest, v. 1. tr. (to lay, place) aje,
sa, e.g. he rested his hands
on the book ya sa hannu-
tvansa bisa litafi.
2. intr. (to be at rest)
futa, fucha, yin mugama ; (to
be laid, placed) pass, of aje,
sa.
resting-place, n. (lodging) md-
shidi ; his last resting-place
makwanchinsa.
restitution, make, v. rama.
restive, be, intr. v. yin tuma.
restlessness, kiriniya.
restore, tr. v. 1. (to give or bring
back) maida, may as, kwanda,
ramka, bayas da,
2. (to make good) ra-nia.
3. (to r. to life) ray a ; (to
be restored to life) rayu.
4. (to renew) sabunta.
restrain, tr. v. hana, kwdbe,
kwdba, kwabo, tsere ; see
hinder.
result, n. akiba.
resurrection, n. tashi daga
matattu, tayaswa, kiydma ;
the r. day reman gobe
(lit. the day of to-morrow),
ran gobe, ranal (or ranan)
kiyama; periphr. the day
when the sounder of the
trumpet shall sound ranad
da mai-busa ya busa kafo
nasa.
retail, a r. seller of corn dan
kwarami, mai-sari * ; retailers
yan shimfida.
retain, tr. v. rike, rika, riki*.
retained, particip. rikakke,
fern, rikakkiya, pi. rikakku.
retainer
202
rich
retainer, to become a r. of
yin cha/ffa (or chappct).
retaliate, intr. v. rama, saka,
see revenge,
retaliation, n. (in a good as
well as bad sense) saka-mako;
see requital,
retch, to yunkura.
retching, n. yunkuri.
retire, to r. into shelter
noke.
retreat, to ja da baya.
return, n. dawaya.
return, intr. v. koma ; to r. to
where the speaker is, to r.
here komo, dawo, dawayo ;
to r. from a place dawaya;
to r., tr. v. may as da, mayar
<la,
returning, n. (of place) ko-
mawa, home, pi. kome-kome;
(of state, a changing back,
reversion) juyawa, waiwai-
yawa.
reveal, tr. v. gdya, waye, nuna,
e.g. they revealed the secret
to the king sun gdya asirin
nan ga sariki.
revenge, n. fansa, pansa,
hansa, ramuwa, tarna.
revenge, v. rdma, zoje ; see
requite.
revere, tr. v. ; cf. seq.
reverence, n. kwarjini.
reverence, tr. v. tsarkaka,
tsarkaki, charkaka and, in
freer sense (= to honour) gir-
mama, and bada girma.
revile, tr. v. yin zagi, fallasa
or pallasa, kwdla.
reviling, zage, zagi.
revive, intr. v. (as from faint-
ing) farko.
revolt, n. tawaye.
revolt, to danka shappa, yin
tawaye.
reward, n. lada, akiba.
reward, tr. v., see requite.
rhinoceros, n. kilifori, kilhore
(a Fu Hani word), karkanda*.
rib, n. awoza, awaza (S.), pi.
awazu, awazai ; ribs coll.
hakarkari.
rice, n. shinkafa, more parti-
cularly = r. in the husk ;
husked, clean r. shinkafa,
sanshera, surfaffe, gumi ;
tuft of r. geza, pi. gezuna,',
the swelling of r. when
boiled auki, abki ; a soft
mash of r. fate-fate ; a mix-
ture of r., milk and honey
gumba; a cake made of r.
and guinea-corn masa; a
cake made of r., oil and
honey tsatsafa ; a large rice-
bag saulo; ' hungry' r. acha;
a dark coloured kind of r.
jimero* ; r. husks (used for
washing ink off writing
boards) buntu, shefe.
rich, adj. 1. (wealthy, also
rich 203
concr., a r. man) mai-dukiya,
mawadachi, pi. mawadata.
2. (abundant) dayawa.
3. (splendid as ' r. dress ')
na ado, fern, ta ado.
rich, to be, intr. v. tajarta, ajar-
ta, wadata, ivalata, yalwata.
riches, coll. dukiya, pi. dukoki
or dukiyoyi, wada, wadachi,
arziki, ajiya, dtajirchi, ia-
jirchi, falala, gatanchi.
riddle, n.marauchi, zauranche.
ride, intr. v., express by pe-
riphr., e.g. he was riding
along yana tafe bisa doki ;
I rode to the town na hau
doki na taji gari ; spec, to r.
at a gallop aufouwa (Kano),
suka (Sokoto), sukane, su-
kwane;tor. for exercise kilisa.
rider, n. mai-doki, pi. masu-
floki, mahayi ; an expert r.
gwanin doki.
ridge, n. kokuwa ; a ridge in
a field kunya, coll. kiviya
(S.), kctdada.
ridicule, tr. r. ddra, shamata ;
he turned him into r. ya
ba xhi dariya.
Aiding, zaman sirdi ; a place
for r. in fagen doki ; a place
for riding in at the gallop
i masukwani.
right, n. 1. gen. gaskiya.
2. (authority or privilege)
iko, pi. ikoki, inganchi.
ring
3. (claim) alhaki to be
in the r. in a dispute hu-
janta.
4. (the opposite of left)
dama.
right, adj. 1. (in conformity with
truth and justice) dagaskiya,
da gaske, or simply gaskiya,
nakwarai*, ddili to be r.
inganta, ingata, see also
lawful, proper.
2. (opposed to left) na-
dama, fern, ta-dama; the r.
hand (i.e. the bodily mem-
ber) hannu na dama \ the r.
side wajen dama.
righteousness, n. adilchi.
rightly, adv. (truthfully, justly)
da gaskiya, da gaske.
'2. (correctly, exactly)
fcwarai, sarai, e.g. if I r.
understand you will come to
this house in the evenino-
O
idan na ji kwarai za ku zo
gidanga da mareche ; he did
not count them r. bai kil-
ga 8ii sarai ba.
rind, n. fata, pata, bawo, bawa.
ring, n. zobe ; seal r., signet r.
zoben shaida', finger r. ka-
wainya', a metal r. placed
round the hands and legs
of women karafa, chakan-
kami; a r. put through a
man's lower lip baibayi* ; a
leather r. worn as a charm
rings
204
roasting
on the wrist kumbu, kum-
buwa, see kdrau.
rings, coll. arm r. mundaye ;
foot r. mundayen kafa.
ringworm, makero, kyazbi
(K.), kyasfi (S.).
rinse, tr. v. darwaye, darwaya.
rip, tr. v. keta, participial n.
ketuwa, ketawa ; see tear,
ripe, adj. nuna, nina (S.) or
nunanne, pi. nunannu.
ripe, to be, intr. v. nina (S.),
nuna (K.), yin tdbo ; to be
over-r. kosa,
ripeness, tabo, tafshi, tabshi,
tapshi*.
rise, n., of a fish bulma, bur ma ;
of a star keto.
rise, intr. v. tashi ; to cause to
r. tashe', to r. up taso, gusa,
gulgusa, gurgusa ; to r. up
against yin firmaki ; to r.
high (of the sun) karu ; to r.
(to swell, of anything cook-
ing or fermenting) yin auki
or yin abki.
rising, participial n. tashi,
tasawa; tayaswa is used in
sense of resurrection,
risk, n., he ran a great r. ya
sha hdtsari dayawa.
rivalry, n. kishi, gdsa, hamiya.
river, n. rmva, pi. ruwaye, e.g.
the r. Benue ruwan tsada ;
gulbij pi. gulabe, tabki, tapki
or tafki ; a large r. kogi, pi.
koguna, kogina or koyai; the
r. of paradise kausara and
alkausara.
river-horse, hippopotamus, n.
dorina, pi. dorinnai.
rivers, confluence of, n. magan-
gami.
road, n. hanya, haya*, pi.
hanyoyi, bube, godabe, ta-
farki, pi. tafarkoki, turba,
pi. turbobi; on the r. (tra-
velling) chikin tafiya; he is
on the r. yana tafiya ; do you
know your r. from this point 1
ka sani hanya daga nan ko 1
a broad r. godabe, rimdi,
karabka, karauka (S.) ; a
hedged r. between farms
used by cattle burtali.
roads, n. branching off of r.
(pi. of kwasfa) kwasfoji ;
dividing of r. laloki, loloki,
pi. lulokai ; meeting-point of
two or more r. mararrabin
hanya.
roar, n. kugi, tsawa; r. of a
lion gumza.
roar, intr. v. yin tsawa, yin
kugi, yin kuka ; (of camel,
donkey, fire, etc.) yin ruri.
roast, tr. v. soya or suya,
bandata, gdsa, the last used
with gurasa bread.
roasted, particip. gasashshe,
fern, gasashshiya, pi. gasassu.
roasting, banda, gdshi.
rob
205
roof
rob, tr. v. (to take openly, by
force) ktvache.
robber, n., one who robs openly
ittni-gane; a highway r. (bri-
gand) mfifaxhi, mai-fashe, pi.
mdfasa.
robbery (with violence), par-
maki.
robe, n. riga, pi. riguna',
splendid robes riguna na
ado ; silken robes riguna na
alharini.
robe, tr. v. sa (lit. put on), e.g.
they shall be robed in white
a sa ma su riguna farfaru.
rock, n. dutsi, pi. duivatsu,
duchi, falale, fa, pa.
rock, tr. v. (to shake or swing
to and fro) reta, yin reto.
rock-salt, n. gallo.
rod, n. sanda, pi. sanduna.
rogue, n. mazambache mai-
zambata.
roll, v. 1. (to move along by
turning over and over) tr.
bingira, mirgina, mirgine,
layata, layache, yin birgima \
intr. to r. down gangara
or gangari ; to r. away
gangarad da.
2. (to fold round on itself)
tr. ndde; to r. together or
up ndde ; to r. up kalmdsa
or kalmashe; to r. up, e.g.
a covering of a doorway, or
a piece of cloth etc. linke,
ninke ; to r. into balls as clay
for building chibra, tsibra,
chura, dunkula ; intr. and
reflexive to r. up or together
nadu.
roller, (bird) tsanwaka.
roller, i.e. a stone used for
crushing rice etc., n. dan
magurji.
rolling, particip. n. birgima: r.
down gangaraiva and gangaro.
roof, n. jinka ; the following
apply to the native thatched
roofs ; the centre of r. kwan-
do ; the conical grass top of a
r. boto ; a beam to support a
r. dirka ; a binding line in-
side r. formed of two or three
reeds mirdaka, murdaka; a
band of grass rope outside a r.
jiniya/', an arched r. damren-
guga,dauren-guga- } an oblong
r. bakan-gizo ; to bind grass
with cords so as to form a r.
yamche or yamchi, yin kan-
dama ; the plaited mat-work
which acts as the keystone
of a conical r. kirinya ; the
horizontal ties of grass which
bind the sloping rafters of
a r. tanka ; the sticks which
slope from the upright poles
of a r. to the cross piece
(mafyadi) tsaiko ; the cross
pieces tied to the sloping
sticks (tsaiko} for the grass
room
206
rope
of the r. to rest upon karan
tanka ; the sticks placed in a
r. to prevent the grass from
slipping down kini ; the
highest part of the inside of
a r. kwankuwa, kokuwa; a
cross piece of wood which
rests on two (gofa) sticks
and supports the r. of a
house mafyadi ; the apex of
a r. kau daki ; house with
flat r. soro ; upper storey of
such a house soron bene ; a
flat mud r. rufi.
room, n. 1. open, unoccupied
space in any sense sarari ;
unoccupied space on a flat
surface as a plain, a floor
jili, e.g. there was no r. for
(putting down) my load babu
Jili ya kayana, cf. seq.
2. an apartment or r. in a
house ddki, pi. dakuna; a
private sleeping r. baraya
(S.); an upper r. in a two-
storeyed house, bene a small
dark r. loloki, laloki, pi. lolo-
kai or Idlokaye ; a r. made of
mud and thatched with reeds
tsaiko.
room, to have plenty of r. to
sit down, intr. v. wala.
roomy, adj. mai-sarari, da
sarari, e.g. this chamber is
r. dakin nan yana da sarari.
root, n. (of vegetables, etc.)
saiwa (K.), saye (S.), pj.
sayu, sauya (Kats.) ; r. of a
tree tushi.
rope, n. gen. igiya, pi. igiyoyi,
yagiya (S.) ; to plait a r.
tumka (S.) or tukka (K.) igi-
ya; spec, of various uses and
materials : a r. for hobbling
horse tarnaki, dangwali, da-
baibayi (K.), dabaibiya (S.);
a r. for leading a horse dsal-
wayi ; a r. halter for horses or
camels ragama; a r. (also coll.)
tied to anything, e.g. to a
rafter ragaya; a r. tying a
horse's leg to a post gindi ; a
r. for tying up a camel dkala ;
a r. fastened between two
posts to which animals are
tied rande ; a r. used for
tying a thief kogawa; a
twisted hide r. kiri, pi. kirra;
materials for r. (plaited grass,
palm leaves, fibre) tsaiwa ;
leaves and fibre from a large
species of palm for r. kaba,
yadiya; a fibre for making r.
yawa; a reed -like plant
(Hibiscus cannabinus) for
making r. which is called by
the same name rama; a r.
made of rama, tamagi, ta-
magye; a large tree from the
bark of which small ropes are
made tawatsa ; a trailing r.
plant kuranga, see also raba.
rosewood
207
rub
rosewood, African r. mado-
biya.
rot, intr. v. (to putrefy) riba,
ruba ; (to go bad) bache.
rote, by, 1. n., saying by r.
tulawa.
2. v., to say by r. yin
tulawa; to learn so as to
say by r. (by heart) samu
harda.
rotten, particip. adj. (of fruit,
etc.) rubabbe, fern, rubabbiya,
pi. rubabbu, (of corn) tsadari,
gen. batache, fern, batachiya,
pi. batattu, a lalache ; to
become r. ruba, riba.
rough, adj. da kaushi, da kur-
zunu.
roughness, n. (unevenness of
surface) kaushi, kurzunu ; r.
of skin kaushin jiki.
round, adj. express by the
nouns = a r. object c/nbiri,
kumbu, kawanya (K.), e.g. a
r. piece of mud chibirin kasa;
to make r. chibra ; to cut
r. shan kumbu ; v., to go
r. dauraro, zaga, gewaya,
kewaya, jiwaya, kewaye, ke-
wayo, kewayi, the last also
tr., e.g. they went r. the city
sun kewaye birni ; bulo or
bullo; to go r. zage, zdga,
zwage (S.), zagi ; to go r. in
order to examine a thing
gewaya or jewaya ; to look r.
dauraro ; prep,
they made a road r. the
pool sun yina hanya ke-
wayen tabki ; the storm is
going r. over there hadari
yana zagawa,
rouse, tr. v. (to make rise, e.g.
from the ground or from
sleep) tashe, tayas, falkad da.
rout, n. kdshi, to put to r.
bada kdshi.
row, 11. (series, line, rank) sqfuj
jeri to form a r. yin sdfii ;
in a r. a jere to lay out in
rows tsdra, tsdre.
row, n. (angry dispute), see
dispute, quarrel ; (noisy
outcry) kururuwa.
row, tr. and intr. v. tuka, yin
tuka (lit. to push, or propel).
Hausas acquainted with
European oared boats em-
ploy this word which is the
term used for 'paddling'
native canoes.
royal, adj. na-sariki, fern, ta-
sariki- r. officers or attend-
ants fadawa, q.v.
rub, tr. v. fafe, yd/a and ydfo,
sdba, chuda; to r. (or grind)
corn tushe to r. anything,
e.g. corn in the hands murje,
murda, mulmula, murtsuka;
to r. the back of a knife
backwards and forwards dd-
dara; to r. the hair off a
rubbed
208
rusl
hide or skin jemi ; to r.
out or erase shafe, yin mai-
mai ; to r. smooth chudanya,
darje.
rubbed, particip. adj. murjaje ;
murtsukakke, fern, murtsu-
kakka, pi. murtsukakku.
rubber, n. 1. (e.g. a cloth,
used for rubbing or wiping)
abin shafe.
2. (india-rubber) danko,
dankon gamji, alibida ; rub-
ber-vine chiivo, chuwo ; india-
rubber trees gamji, ganji
(K.), cf. durumi, baure, bore
(S.), chediya, kawuri, wa,
taba-ni-kasamu.
ruby, n. yakutu*.
rudder, paddle used as a, n.
matuki.
rug, a woollen sleeping r., n.
kilishi.
ruin, tr. v., to spoil, destroy
bata ; to be ruined or to fall
into r. (of a house, etc. ) roshe,
rushi ; participial n. and
pres. form rushewa.
ruins, coll. (of a place, town)
kufai, pi. kufaifai, kqfai,
kango ; falling into r. ru-
shewa.
rule, n., government, royal
sway sarauta ; an established
mode of procedure tadco, pi.
tadodi, ada, kaida.
rule, v. (to hold sway as a king)
mallaka, mallaki, mallake, yin
sarauta, chude, umarche ; (tc
decide, order authoritatively]
hukumta, e.g. he ruled that
we should do this ya hu
mu yi haka.
ruler, n. mai-mallaka, masarau-
chi, mahukumchi, hdkimi, pi.
hakimai ; (king) sarki or sa-
riki, pi. sarakuna or xara-l
kai.
rumour, rigima, waiwai.
run, intr. v. gudu; (to melt)
narku ; to r. away yudu,
guje, tsire; to r. away quickly;
sheka; to outrun tsire tci
r. out (to come to an end)]
kare ; of water, to r. over (to
overflow) tuda, tude ; at a r.
a guje ; the following expres-
sions are used to denote to^
r. fast zura da gudu, sheka
da gudu, karta da gudu,
fashe da gudu, tantala d<
gudu, gudu kar, ruga da
gudu ; running away taivaga.
runaway, n. 1. (of slaves)
gujajje, pi. gudaddu.
2. (in war) maguji or mu-
guji.
runner, a r. in front of ;i
horse gurguri, zagi.
rush, intr. v. kutsa; to r.,
e.g. out of a crowd ruza.
rust, n. tsatsa.
rust, intr. v. yin tsatsa.
rustling
209
sadness
Bustling, e.g. of wind in trees
kaya-kaya ; r. of grass sukun-
sabbath, n. 1 . (in the scriptural
sense = Saturday) assabat, as-
sibit, ranan assabat.
'2. (Sunday) lahadi, ranan
\ lahadi.
sabre, n., see sword.
Jack, n., a large skins, or bag for
cowries jika, jikka, pi. jik-
kuna, kwasabro, buhu (Z.),
I birgami, burgame these are
not used as water skins for
which see under skin ; a skin
s. for loading camels, donkeys,
etc. waga, kyankyandi, gu-
rara, kaiwa* ; a s. made of
network raga, pi. ragogi ; a
large s. of salt (one donkey
load) lange, pi. langaye, see
bag.
Jack, tr. v. (to pillage or plun-
der a place or town) kwache,
e.g. he took and sacked the
town ya chi garin nan ya
kwache dukiyassu duka.
lack, (of a town) n. buruntu.
iacred, adj. (connected with
religion) na adding fern, ta
adding e.g. honour s. things
and do not ridicule them ku
girmama abubuwa na addini
kada ku ba su dariya (holy,
pure) tsarki.
R. H. D.
sacrifice, n. sadaka*, l>>/.
sad, adj. (depressed, sorrowful);
to be s., see sadness; a s.
business (causing sorrow or
pity) abin tausayi ; as. busi-
ness (i.e. bad, wicked) abin
mugu.
saddle, n. sirdi, pi. sirdde
and sirduna, siradda or
sirdodi, bukuru, bakuru* ;
a native s. cloth which is
laid on the s. jelala, lappa,
labba, kafu (S.), mashimfidi ;
a s. peak kwachiya, that in
front kwachiyar gdba, that
behind (the ca,utle) kwachiyar
bay a ; btuffing or panels of a
s. zubuka, zabuka ; a pack s.
with pockets for water pots,
etc. mangala; a s. embroi-
dered in gold or silver talka ;
crupper of a s. jabaya, jaku-
turi; the leather thong at-
tached to a s. and passed
through the ring of the girth
kaitara, kaitaro ; ornamental
s. flaps zaggin sirdi ; a s. of
meat takandar nama.
saddle, v. (of camels, etc.)
labda, (of horses) damre or
darme (S.), sirdi, yin sirdi.
sadness, n. bakin zuchiya ; to
experience s., to feel sad jin,
yin or the forms in na with
the n., e.g. I experience s.,
I feel sad ina bakin zuchiya.
14
safe
210
sail
safe, adj., s. from peril amin-
tache, pi. amintattu.
safe conduct, letter of, n.
watikal lamuni.
safety, n. (security from harm)
lamuni, amana', (deliverance
from harm) chira, tsiras,
chiraro, tsiraro.
sagacious, adj. da basira, da
hankali, inai-hankali.
sagacity, n. basira, hankali.
Sahara, Hamada.
said, it is, determinative or
causal phr. wai, e.g. thou art
proud because it is s., Thou
excellest all kana kumburawa
wai ka fi kowa.
saint, (fakir) wali, waliyi, pi.
waliyai.
sake, for the s. of, prep, domin,
don, garin, sabad da, sabado*
or saboda*, e.g. for his s.
dominsa, sabili da shi ; for
the s. of this domin (or don)
haka; for the s. of a walk
garin yawo ; for the s. of
what? domin mi, don mi,
dommi, and sabad da mi.
sale, to expose for s. talla; it
is on s., it is for s. a say as
da' } on s. sayarwa, saisuwa;
a cheap s. gwanjo ; the ex-
hibition of goods for s. koli ;
s. on approval chinikin sha-
wara ; a s. under a guarantee
uda* ; a s. in which the
buyer is allowed time t<
decide whether he will accept
the offer remaining oper
chinikin zabi.
saleableness, sayuwa.
salesman, 11. mai-saida, dat
kasuwa.
saline, adj. da gishiri, nc
gishiri.
saliva, n. sallabi, miyau, ym
(K.), dululu.
salmon, fish resembling, n
faliya.
salt, n. gishiri ; prov. a mai i
may boil horns with his owij
s. (i.e. one may do what on<!
likes with one's own) mutun 1
da gishirinsa shi kan daft\
kafo', spec, a dark kind o\
s. manda ; a s. brough
from Asben, beza-, black s;
from Bornu manda ; haix ;
rock s. gallo; an inferio
kind of s. balma ; as. (o'
natron) used in dyeing as s!
mordant, also used medi
cinally ashauma, ashoma;
cake of s.foche,fochen gishirv
mangul ; round flat piece
of s. coll. aserimi* ; a load o
s. cut small bakan gishiri; ;
pyranndal load of s. kantu ; ;
smallyfomtatof inferior s.pashi
a large kantu of s. azurumi
a wood ash from which s. i
obtained zdkanko*.
alt-bag
211
sand
ilt-bag, n., long, narrow b.
, for carrying s. lange, langi ;
t a small s.-bag chukurufa*.
lltless, adj. babu gishiri ;
spec, of anything eaten with-
out salt (insipid) da lami.
iltness, (brackishness) zartsi.
altpetre, n. kanwa; spec. s.
used medicinally jan kan-
wa.
alutation, n. gaisuwa, e.g.
. he paid no heed to my s. bai
knl a ba da gaisuwata or ba
ya karba gaisuwata ba; as.
addressed to an important
person ingwayya, ungwaiya;
a public s. mubaya. The
language is rich in expressions
1 of s., e.g. s. to you (Engl.
. hail ! welcome !) pass, a gaishe
(-ka, -ki) -ku, a tuski ; the
commonest expr. of s. is sanu
' or rep. sanu sanu and this is
most frequently accompanied
, by a reference to the time of
day, or the state and occupa-
tion of the person saluted,
e.g. good morning (lit. s. to
you in the morning) sanu da
safe, good evening sanu da
mareche, welcome out of the
rain sanu da ruwa ; s. to
, you in your bereavement
sanu da kewa; s. to you at
your play sanu da wargi ; s.
to you at your work sanu da
aiki or sanu da aikinku or
sanunku da aiki ; spec. s.
(among moslems) salam ;
shaking a spear or hand in
s. jafi (S.); see also jin-
jina.
salute, tr. v. gaida, gaishe,
gaisa, jinjini, e.g. I saluted
the man na gaida mutum ;
spec, to go to s. (of sacred
persons or places) ziyara to
s. several persons in turn
gaggaishe.
salvation, n. tsira, tslraro,
cheto.
same, adj. day a (lit. one), e.g.
they are the s. duk daya ne ;
this is the s. as that wannan
daya kaman wanchan ; to-
gether at the s. time or place
gaba dai or gaba daya ; the s.
hakanan ; as a determinative
employ demonstrative pro-
nouns, e.g. I saw the s. man
yesterday in the market na
gani wannan (or wannan
mutum or mutumen nan)jiya
chikin kasuwa.
sanctify, tr. v. tsarkaka, tsar-
kaki.
sand, n. rairai, rerai, jiggawa
or jigaiva spec, fine s. tur-
baya, turda (S.) ; white s. in
water yashi ; grains of s.
barbadi ; s. mixed with grain
tarke.
142
sandal
212
savoury
sandal, n. takalmi, pi. takalma,
kufita, kufuta, kupta, pi. kufi-
tai or kufutai ; sandals with
red leather tops and hole for
toe sambatsai ; a light kind
of decorated s. tajawankai.
sand-fly, jilfilwa, fiffilwa, ki-
yashi, kyashi, kyqfirfita.
sand-grouse, kwantatoyi, bar-
wa, ladin rogo.
sand-hill, a, n.jiggawa,jigawa.
sand-piper, shdrafage (S.).
sangar, shirgiya.
sarcasm, gatse.
sasswood, gwaska.
Satan, pr. n. Shaitan, Shetan
or Shaitani.
satchel, n. (leathern) gdfaka,
laid.
satin, talashi*, antalashi.
satisfaction, n. 1. (of the
appetite) koshi.
2. (of the feelings and
emotions) dadi, e.g. we felt
great s. mun ji dadi dayawa.
3. see requite,
satisfactory, it is, phr. ya yi.
satisfied, to be, intr. v. (of the
appetites) koshi, yin koshi,
e.g. they ate, they drank
and were s. sun chi sun sha
sun koshi (of the emotions)
jin dadi ; cf. seq.
satisfied, a being, n. koshi ;
one who is s., n. kosashe, pi.
kosassu.
satisfy, tr. v. (of the appetite) ;
kosad da' } (to pay claims,
etc.) biya, rama.
Saturday, pr. n. of time dsa-
bat, assabat, dsabar, dssibit, \
ranan assabat.
sauce, n. miya*.
sauciness, taurin ido.
sausage-tree, rahaina.
saunter, to ragaiche, see idle.
saunterer, mai-ragaita.
savage, n. (barbarians, un-
civilised human beings) bai-\
bayi, pi. baibai, babbawa or I
baubawa.
savage, adj. (barbarian), cf
prec., (cruel) da muni.
savagery, n. (cruelty) muni,
za/in rai, keta.
save, tr. v. 1. (to rescue, de-
liver) chira, chire, chiro or
tsiras da, tsar da (K.), tsar she, \
tsaras da (Daura), tsirad da, \
cheche.
2. (of money = to lay by
or up) aje.
save, exceptive prep, sai, see
but 2.
saved, to be, intr. v. chira,
tsira.
saviour, n. mai-cheto, machechi,
pi. macheta.
savoury, adj. gardi, fern, gar-
diya, da gardi, da zafa',
for the opposite quality see
insipid.
213
scent
aw, n. zarto, sassaka, sasago*,
magdgdri.
aw, to gdgdra.
awdust, dauso.
ay, tr. v. che with pres. forms
1 chewa, fddi, fdda, tdne*, e.g.
what do you say 1 mi ka che ?
we are saying muna chewa ;
it is said an che, aka che ; he
said to them ya che da su, ya
fddi ma su ; he says, it is
said, they s. (used to deter-
mine a phr. or clause as
1 uttered or admitted to be
true by others, like Engl.
fam. ' you know ') wai ; s. a
thing over again tusa; to s. off
! by heart or rote yin tulawa.
aying, n. 1. (something said)
magana, pi. maganganu; (a
popular s.) sara.
2. participial n. (act of s.)
chewa used with pres. forms
in na.
icab, n. kurji, pi. kuraraji,
kuraje also kirchi, gurje,
bambaroki, gyarnbo ; a s.
which has healed up tambo ;
scabs coll. balli-balli.
icald, tr. v. (i.e. with hot
water) sale (K.),. swale (S.).
scale, n. (as lichen, dandruff)
1 toto, tautau.
Jcale, to s. a h'sh kankale,
kankare.
Jcales, n. 1. (of fish) kumba,
pi. kumbuna, kumbabi or
kumbai, fofon kifi ; (of dead
alligator) kirgin kdda.
2. (balance) maauna, ma-
auni, magwaji, mizani, ma-
gwadi.
scan, v. (to look at with scru-
tiny) yin kallo, e.g. we walked
about scanning everything
mun yi yawo muna kallon
dukachin abu.
scandal, tsegumi, pi. tsegun-
guma\ one who spreads s.
mai-tsegumi, mai-tsegunchi.
scar, n. (cicatrix) tabo, tambo,
kufa ', scars balli-balli \ scars
made on face serving as
tribal marks shaushawa ; see
marks.
scatter, v. 1. tr. watsa, wache,
watsar da, barbada, wal-
wanche, warwache, warwatsa,
rarraba or rarrabi.
2. intr. watse \ they scat-
tered or were scattered an
watse su.
scattered, particip. pass, watsu.
scattering, barbaduwa, kacha-
kacha.
scent, n. 1. (characteristic odour
of animals) wari, cf. seq.
2. (a sweet or agreeable
odour) kamshi, kanshi, kamsa,
turare, wardi; a plant the
root of which furnishes a s.
scent
214
screv
scent, tr. v. (to recognise by
the odour) jin wari ; the dog
scented the lion kare ya ji
warin zaki.
scent-bottle, n. wakiya, wa-
kiyya.
scented, keen-, adj. (of hounds)
mai-jin wari.
scheme, n. (artful contrivance)
wayo, wayau.
scholar, n. (a great scholar or
teacher) mdlam, mdlami, pi.
malamai', masdni, pi. masana-,
(a pupil) almajiri, pi. almaji-
rai, dan makaranta, makoyi,
makoyi, makaranchi ; (used
adjectively learned), mai-
karatu.
school, n. makaranta.
scissors, n. almakashi; joint
of s. gwarmi, kwarmi, pi.
kwarmu.
scoff at, to, v. ba'a and yin ba'a.
scold, v. yin tsawa, buga tsawa,
tsawata da, e.g. he scolded
her well ya yi ma ta tsawa
dayawa.
scold, a, mai-fitina.
scorch, tr. v.farcha, yinfarsa.
score, n., of number laso, hauya,
the latter is esp. used in
counting cowries, e.g. he
looses two thousand cowries
ya bar hauya dari.
scores, to pay off s. rama gaya.
scorn, n. gaya, ba'a, bananchi.
scorn, v. rena, see despise,
scorpion, n. kundma, pi. ku
namomi or kunamai, duw\v
munumunu.
scourge, n. bulala.
scourge, tr. v. yin bulala.
scout, n. majewayi, see spy.
scowl, intr. v. damrefuska.
scramble for anything, v
wasashe, wawashe, yasash 1 '
(S.).
scrambling, wasoso.
scrape, tr. v. karkari, (to s|
clean and so polish) gogi oj
goge, fafe, kwarzane, e.g. hi
is scraping the axe-handlj
shina gogewa bakin gatari\
to s. or s. out rede, tuj<\
tuttuje; to s. up or grub Uf!
e.g. roots tona, tone] to $'
out a dish sude.
scraper, a gurzago, gurjago
a s. used in dressing leathe :
kartaje.
scrapings, e.g. of a dish sudi\
scratch, tr. v. yin susa, yi
zuza, yin farta, gurza, ya\
yaga ; to s. up with the nailj
karche, kwarzane.
scratching, susa.
scream, n. ihu, ifuwa,
kururuwa, tsuwa.
scream, intr. v. yin ifu,
tsuwa.
screw, v., to s. up the eye
rumchi, rumtse.
scribe
215
secure
scribe, marubuchi, pi. maru-
buta.
scum, n. kunfa, kumfa, yana;
s. from molten lead kdshin-
tdma.
sea, n. gulbi*, kogi*.
seal, n. zobe, zoben shaida, ma-
zubi, hatumi, hatimi, hadufi,
tambari.
seal-ring, n. zoben shaida.
seam, n. (in cloth) albada, pi.
albadu or albadodi, shaft,
shafe, pi. shafqfi or shafe-
shafe ; spec, a breadth be-
tween seams of cloth chiki.
seamless, adj. (applied to
cloth) liwasa.
sear, tr. v. (with hot iron, to
cauterise) lalas, so, lalas.
search, n. chigiya, chiwirwiri,
tsiwurwuri ; to make diligent
s. yin chigiya, bada chigiya,
bida.
search, v., to s. after or for
nema, bida, chigita, nufe,
inufi, nifa* ; to s. for with
the hand lalabe, fafake ;
make search nema.
searching after, n. (desire
and object of desire) maradi
or muradi.
season, n. 1. gen. (usual or
proper time) sa'a, lokachi, loto.
2. (division of the year
with respect to weather, etc.)
dry (and hot) s. rani; it is
the dry s. ya yi rani ; the
hottest part of dry s., when
the rains are beginning ba-
zara; the wet s. damana,
damuna, damina.
seasoning, yakuwa.
seat, n. mazamni (i.e. spot on
which anyone sits), kujera,
bige*, turaka (K.) ; as. out-
side a house dakali; judg-
ment s., also s. on which a
king is carried about karaga.
secede, intr. v. (to separate
from, withdraw from) raba
and rabu with da or daga.
second, ord. num. ?ia-biyu,
fern, ta-biyu, also na-baya,
fern, ta-baya.
secrecy, asiri, ashiri*.
secret, n. boy a, asiri, kara* ; in
s., see secretly.
secret, adj. na-asiri, fern, ta-
asiri, da asiri; a s. place
lalokin asiri ; vv. to keep s.
rufe, rufa, rufi or rife, ka-
rata* ; to make s. or to
discuss secretly asirta] to
talk secrets yin gdna.
secretly, adv. da asiri, a boye ;
see prec.
section, n. gedawa*.
secure, adj., see safety.
secure, tr. v. (from danger,
harm, etc.), see guard, (fam.
to catch, capture, e.g. a
prisoner) kama, (to guarantee
security
216
self-laudation i
payment of a debt, etc.) see
seq.
security, u. 1. (part payment
of a debt as s., earnest money)
amdna.
2. (a thing left as s., a
pledge) jingina.
3. (responsibility for a
debt, etc. = guarantee) la-
muni, taulahi, tallafi] I stood
or went s. na yi lamuni.
sedge, fragrant s. kajiji ; wild
s. dan tunuga, gemen kusu,
aya aya.
sediment, n. gwiba, gu-ibi or
guibi.
seduce, tr. v. farke, rude,
bdshe.
see, tr. v. ganij gano, often
contracted to gan, e.g. I saw
her na gan ta, also to gd
which is very commonly used
as an imperative, e.g. s. him,
or s. here ga shi, gani is
also used in a pregnant sense
to perceive, recognise, under-
stand ; to s. from afar tsin-
kaya, tsinkayi, hango.
seed, 11. gen. (of plants, men,
creatures) iri, pi. irare, iri-
iri ; spec, seeds crowded to-
gether gurguzu, gurgusu.
seedling, shuka, shukakke.
seeing, participial n. ganewa.
seek, tr. v. (to search for) nema,
bida, e.g. wait till } r ou are
sought for sai am bide ka ; to
s. after (often implying to set
the heart upon) dawainiya \ i
to s. again zobe ', to s. for
tuski, tuske ; pregn. s. and
return with bido, e.g. let her ;
be sought and brought here,
a bido ta; to go to s. and
return with nemo.
seen, pass, particip. gananne, \
fem. gananiya, pi. ganannu.
segment, e.g. of a kola-nut
azara (Z.), bare (K.).
seize, tr. v. (to lay hold of) kama,
intens. kankama, make \ to
s. (esp. in order to eat) rida ;
to s. forcibly as in war yin
buruntu, kwache ; (to snatch)
amshi to s. and bring kan-
kamo] to s. in the arms da-
dume ; to s. a person by the
collar dagume.
select, tr. v. zaba, zabe, zabi*,
wari, the last often used of
choosing out one or more
pieces.
selected, pass, particip. za-
babbe, fem. zababba, pi. za-
babbu.
self, n. expressed by kai and
rai with possess, pronouns, I .
myself ni da kaina, ni kaina,
also less commonly ni raina
and raina.
selfishness, kurmusu*.
self-laudation, n. kirari.
sell 217
sell, tr. v. say as, sayar, and
when followed by an object
saida or sayas da, saishe,
&.uco, talla; the last also esp.
of having or exposing on or
for sale, e.g. good camels are
to-day selling in the market
rakumma nagargaru ana sa-
yar da su yau chikin kasuwa ;
in the sense of consenting to
s. the pass, of sallama is often
used, e.g. I agree to s. I
let it go or you can have it
a sallame shi; it is unsaleable
ya ki sayuwa.
seller, n. mai-saida, pi. masu-
saida.
selling, saisuwa, buying and s.
saya da sayarwa.
send, tr. v. aika, aike, which
also to s. forth, from or to ;
to s. to where the speaker is
aiko, (with a person only as
obj., lit. to rouse up, to start)
tada, e.g. I sent a messenger
na tada manzo; to s. back
may as da, mayar da, yarda ;
to s. away tayas da; to
cast, throw, e.g. a bullet
sending, n. aike.
senna, n.filasko*.
sense, n. 1. (i.e. good s.,
understanding) hankali ; a
man of s. mutum mai-
hankali.
separate
2. (signification) see mean-
ing.
senseless, adj. (stupid, foolish)
maras-hankali, magagachi ;
(insensible, unconscious) see
seq.
senses, n. (the faculties of
sensation) hankali, e.g. he is
in a faint and senseless but
in a little while he will come
to his s. again shina suma
hankalinsa kuwa ya bache
ammajima kadan hankalinsa
zai komo kuma gare shi.
sensible, adj. (prudent, intelli-
gent) mai-hankali.
sensibly, adv. (with good
sense) da hankali.
sent, pass, parfcicip. aikakke,
fern, aikakka, pi. aikakku ;
one s., n. ma-aika, manzo ;
spec, one s. from God rasulu*.
sentence, n. (judicial decision)
shari'a ; to pass s. yin shari'a.
sentinel, n. gdta, pi. gataye,
bage.
sentry, n., see prec.
sentry-post, mabdga (S.).
separate, adj. bambam, akebe,
e.g. s. from that bambam
daga wanchan.
separate, v. 1. tr. rdba and
rdbi*, rabda, rabshe, kebe,
kebanche, kebanta, ware.
2. intr. rabu; to s. fromzau-
da* ; separating bambaruiva.
separated
218
seventeen
separated, pass, particip. ra-
babbe, fern, rababba, pi. ra-
babbu.
separately, adv. ddki ddki.
separation, n. rdbo, rdbuwa,
baran-baran.
serene, adj., see calm, clear,
quiet.
serious, cf. the matter has
become s. magana to, bunkdsa.
Serjeant, saje*.
sermon, n. wa'azi.
serpent, n., see snake.
serval-cat, rabji, rabbi.
servant, n. (not slave) bdra,
fern, bdranya or barainya,
pi. bdrori and pi. of multi-
tude bdruwa or barwa, which
implies a large number such
as a king would have, dan
daki a female s. maaikiya ;
s. of God bawan Allah (lit.
slave of God).
serve, v. 1 . (of one not a slave)
yin barantdka.
2. (of a slave) yin bauta;
this is also the proper term
(as the more respectful) for
to s. God or to s. false gods.
service, n. 1. gen. ibdda.
2. (of one not a slave)
barantdka, that of a slave
being bauta (servitude, sla-
very), hence its use as given
in prec. 2.
3. (relig.) s. of God ibdda ;
concr. divine s. (public wor-
ship) salla.
servitude, n., see slavery.
sesame, n. ridi, lidi.
set, tr. v. (gen. to place) sa;
intr. (of the sun) fadi, e.g.
the sun s. rana ta fadi ]
combinations of to s. with
particles, etc. are : to s. apart
from raba, to s. aside (to
reject) ki, to s. aside (to
omit for the present) bari>
bar ; to s. by and to s. down
(e.g. on the ground) aje ', to
s. forth (to exhibit, state)
gay a ; to s. up tayas, kafa, to s.
upon (to assault) yinfirmaki',
he is s. upon ana yi da shi.
setting, the s. of a fractured
limb dori ; a bone setter
mai-dori.
settle, v. 1. tr. (gen. to ar-
range, set right) gyara ; (to
pay, liquidate) biya, e.g. I
settled the debt na hiya
bashi ; he settled the dispute
ya raba gardama.
2. intr. (to alight, or to
fix one's habitation or stay)
sauka.
seven, card. num. bakwai ; s.
times sau bakwai ; by sevens
bakwai bakwai \ s. thousand
seventeen, card. num. r/oma
sha bakwai, sha bakwai.
seventh
219
shamelul
seventh, ord. num. na-bakwai,
fern, ta-bakwai.
seventh, one-s. part subu'i.
seventieth, ord. num. na-
sabain, fern, ta-sabdin.
seventy, card. num. saba'in.
sew, tr. v. dum.ke, dunke, dum-
ka or dumki, lafe.
sewing, n., s. at edge of a
garment tindumi ; v., to darn
or tack in s. yin lalabtu ; s.
thread mandawari.
sh ! n. (the sound of hissing)
shackle, v. sa with seq. and
ma, e.g. we shackled them
mun sa ma su malwa ; let him
be shackled a sa masa gigar,
shackles, n. malwa, marwa,
gigar, see also fetters.
shade, n. inuwa; a broad s.
inuwa mai-fadi ; to enjoy
the s. of sha inuwa.
shadow, n. inuwa, e.g. a man
does not leave his s. behind
him mutum bai bari ba inuwa
tasa c/a baya.
*7 t/
shake, v. 1. tr. gilgiza, girgiza,
yin shillu, rauda, e.g. he
shook his head ya rauda kai
nasa ; to s. the head in token
of assent kdda kai ; to s. as
in winnowing tankade, motsa;
to s. otf, e.g. dust kalkada,
kalkatie, kankade, karkade
and kakkabe ; to s. out tval-
wache, tvalwanche, warwache ;
to s. to and fro yin reto, yin
shillu ; to s. violently jijiga.
2. intr. motsa, also fig. in
the wider sense of being
agitated, influenced, moved,
e.g. the whole multitude
were shaken at the news of
war taro duka ya motsa da
fabarin yaki ; to s. (as to
tremble, shiver, shudder with
cold, etc.) raura.
shaken, pass. part, gilgizazze,
fern, gilgizazzaya, pi. gil-
gizazzu.
shaking, n. (or trembling)
raurawa s. hands ban han-
nu, masa/iha.
shall, aux. v. 1. (of futurity)
za, e.g. what s. I do now?
mi za ni yi yanzu 1
2. (of obligation), see
must, necessary.
shallow, adj. ba (or babu)
zur/i, ba mai-zurfi.
shambles, n. wurinfawa.
shame, n. kumya (S.), kunya
(K.), fulako ; the parts of s.
al'aura ; to feel s. jin kumya ;
to put to s. sa (ba and bada)
kumya, kumyata, kumyache,
e.g. he put him to open s. ya sa
shi kumya (a bude or) a sarari.
shameful, adj. na kumya, da
kumya ; a s. thing abin
kumya.
shameless
220
shed
shameless, adj. da kwarkwasa,
shdkiyi, maras-kumya, babu
kumya.
shamelessness, n. kolkosa^kor-
kosa, shdkiyanchi, walle.
shape, n. (form) kama, sifa.
shape, tr.v. (to fashion, create),
see make 1.
share, n., see part, portion.
share, tr. v., see divide ; spec,
to invite to s. in one's food
chuna ; to s. a house tar a
gida ' } a room shared with
another dakin taraiya; one
who shares abokin taraiya.
sharing, (i.e. possessing in
common) taraiya (K.), tare-
wa (S.).
sharp, adj. 1. (having a fine
edge) da kaifi, da chabi.
2. (finely pointed) da tsini,
mai-tsini.
sharp, to be chabe, kaifafa.
sharpen, tr. v. wdsa, yin
washi, chaba, ddda, yin dddi,
jika, feke, kaifafa, gyarta,
e.g. let this knife be sharp-
ened a wasa uiukagga; it is
sharpened ta wasu; to s. a
sword koda.
sharpening, washi.
sharpening swords, a tool
for, n. magagari.
sharper, a dan tugu.
shatter, tr. v. (intens.)farfasha
or palpashe.
shave, v. (with razor) aski,
aske, aska, and yin aski.
shaving, verbal n., spec. s. the
front of head or so as to
leave only a tuft on top of
head kwambe ; s. one side of
the head by a woman as sign
of sorrow faskare ; baldness
caused by s. kundumi s.
the whole head or s. in two
longitudinal lines each side
of the crown sariya.
shavings, of wood totuwa.
shawl, made in strips, n. al-
killa.
she, pers. pron. fern. 1. separate
and emphatic ita, e.g. it is s.
ita che.
2. in combination with
verbs to, e.g. s. saw him ta
gan shi, the woman said no
mache ta che a'a.
shea-butter, n. dankon ka-
danya ; the s.-b. tree ka-
danya ; fruit of the s.-b. tree
kdde.
sheaf, n. (also bundle of any-
thing) ddme, ddmi, pi. damma;
spec. s. of arrows shiba*.
shear, tr. v. yin sosaiye.
shearing, verbal n. sausaye.
sheath, n. (for knife, sword)
kube.
shed, n. rumbu, rumpa, rumfa,
pi. rumfuna, rinfa (K.), esp.
used of a s. or booth in a
shed
221
market-place; a temporary
s. bukka, pi. bukkoki, am-
buta, ddbi ; a cattle s. garke,
garge (S.), zauren shanu.
shed, tr. v. (to pour out or
down) zuba, zubo ; to s. tears
yin hawaye.
sheep, tumkiya, pi. tumdki ; a
s. with two wattles hanging
from lower jaw tumkiya mai-
lawaye (or mailayu).
sheep-fold, n., see fold,
sheet, n. (of paper) taba'al
takarda ; a winding s. likka-
fani, kafan.
sheikh, shaihu.
shelf, a alkuki* ; rope support-
ing a s. ragaya, pi. ragayu ;
a s. made with mud zaga.
shell, n. (hard covering of
fruit, eggs, etc.) kwasfa, kos-
fa, pi. kwasfqfi or kosfofi,
kwanso, e.g. break the nut,
and peel off the s. ka kariye
gujiya ka bare kwasfa ; s. of
snails katantanwa, alkoto,
alkwato, a mussel s. makan-
kari ; s. of a tortoise kwariya
(K.), kwachiya (S.).
shell, tr. v. (to take off the
Jpeel or shell) bare, feke (S.),
yinjira (or fir a).
shell-fish, an edible, n. kumba
pi. kumbuna or kumbobi
kumbai.
shelter, n. (protection from
shirt
light and heat) inuiva, (a
place of refuge) gidan chira,
wurin chira-, a rough grass
s. sangaya.
shepherd, n. makiyaye, ma-
kyayi, pi. makiyaya or ma-
kyaya (S.).
sherd, of pots, etc. n. katanga,
tsingaro (S.), sakaina, pi.
sakainu.
shield, n. gen. garkuwa, pi.
garki, garkinne, kariya, also
in a loose sense (lit. battle
equipment) kayan ddga ; spec,
a large round s. made of
skin kutufani ; a large white
oblong s. like that of the
Zulus, usually carried by high
officials kwangara ; a small
s. kunkeli; a s. made of
skin makdri, dangi ; a s.
made from the skin of the
white oryx walwaji, warwaji,
pi. wahvazoji.
shin-bone, kwabri, kobri,
kwauri (K.), pi. kwabruka,
kwobruka, kobruka.
shine, intr. v. ba (or bada)
haske, haskaka; the lightning
shines brighter than the sun
walkiya ta fi rana haske ; the
sun is shining ana rana.
shining, adj. mai-haske.
shirking, n. bahilchi.
shirk work, v. huji, see idle,
shirt, n. tufa, tufuwa, pi. tufafi
shiver
222
shoulder
or tufofi worn under the gown;
a shirt with narrow sleeves
aganiya, riga, pi. riguna,
which sometinies=a large s. :
a small s. ya-chiki ; an inside,
pleated s. kwakwata ; a s.
without arms binjima, bi-
jima; a s. like a tobe but
smaller with short sleeves
tdgo (S.), pi. tagogi, taguwa
(K.), pi. taguwoyi; a s. worn
by women shay a ; a quilted
s. of mail worn by horse
soldiers lifidi, lifdi.
shiver, (to tremble, shudder)
Jtrgita, firgiche, raura.
shivering, n. makarkata.
shoe, n. takalmi, pi. takalma,
ivufi*, uwpi* ; he took off
the s. ya fitas da takalmi j a
s. strap ma-ballin takalini',
spec, small s. worn inside
boots sufadu, pi. sufadai;
two odd shoes gamin bauta.
shoot, v. 1. tr. (to hit with a
shot, etc.) halbiy harbi', e.g.
he was shot aka halbe shi da
bindiga (if with an arrow da
kibiyd) ; cf. the leopard is
hard to s. damisa da wiiyan
halbewa; to s. towards the
speaker halbo, past particip.
shot halbebe.
2. intr. (to discharge a
gun) halbi bindiga or buga
bindiga.
3. of plants to s. or s. forth
yin tofo, sumbula.
shooting, n. (the killing of
game) farauta \ to go s. yin
farauta.
shooting star, n. mashin tam-
raru.
shoots, of plants yabainya.
shopkeeper, sambani, see
trader.
shore, gdba, gdchi, see bank.
short, adj. 1. (of length) gdjere,
fern, gajera and gdjeriya, pi.
gdjeru, also karami (lit.
small), cf. guntu; s. sighted
garara; to give s. measure
bante, tsakare.
2. (of time) kadan, e.g. a
s. while jima kadan.
short of, fall, intr. v. kdsa,
gdza, e.g. thy days are num-
bered, thou canst not pass
them nor come s. of them
kwanukanka madudai tie ba
ka wuche su ba ka kdsa
su.
shortness, n. gajarta, gajerta,
hilafa*.
shot, 11. (ball, bullet) harsashe,
yahaya*.
shoulder, n. kafada, pi. kafa-
du, kafadodi, kanfdle (S.),
karfata, karpata (S.) ; the
two last are especially ap-
plied to the shoulders of
animals, the part from the
shout
223
side
s. to the elbow damtse, pi.
damutsa or damatsu.
shout, n. ifu,wu,guda; see cry.
shout, intr. v. yin ifu.
shouting, sowa, sowwa \ there
was s. ana sowa ; much s.
sowa sowa.
shove, tr. v., see push.
show, n. (ornamental display)
ado.
show, tr. v. (to point out an
object, also to inform, ex-
plain) gwada, goda, nuna,
nuni, e.g. he showed me it.
showing, verbal n. in both
senses of prec. nunawa.
shrew-mouse, with bad odour
jaba.
shrike, n. bambami ; helmet s.
kare-dangi.
shrink, intr. v. (from cold,
etc.) firgita; (to shrivel up)
takura ; to s. from toge ma ;
they shrank from him sun
kare da shi.
shrinking, tsika.
shrivel, intr. v. yin yaushi,
kandare ; it shrivels up ya
yi yaushi.
shrivelling, n. yaushi.
shroud, n. likkafani.
shrub, n., see kaikaya, yadia,
biyarana,fidali, etc.; a shrub
forming hedges (Jatropha
curcas) bi-ni-da-zugu, chi-ni-
da-zugu.
shudder, intr. v. raura.
shuddering, tsika.
shun, tr. v., see avoid.
shut, tr. v. rufe, ruft or rife,
sada, e.g. let not the door be
s. kada a rufe kofa ; to s. a
box, door, etc. yane ; to s. up
sada, turbude.
shuttle, n. masaka, koshiya ;
the sliding wooden cylinder
which works longitudinally
in the s. kwarkwaro.
shy, v., of a horse baude.
sick, adj. da chiwo, marili* ;
one who is s. mai-chiwo, pi.
masu-chiwo, maras-lafiya, ma-
jinachi, majinyachi, maji-
yachi.
sick, be, v. 1. (to be in bad
health) jin (or yin) chiwo,
also da chiwo with forms in
na, e.g. he is s. shina da
chiwo.
2. (to feel nausea) jin
kumallo.
sickle, a small semicircular s.,
n. lauje, laushe (Zanf.), ma-
girbi.
sickness, n. chiwo, chiwuta,
chiwurwuta, jinya, jinya-jin-
ya\ the folio wing words desig-
nate special forms : (a cold)
mdjina ; (a fainting tit) fal-
fada ; (pestilence, plague) al-
loba, bala'i ; (vomiting) amai.
side, n. 1. gen. waje, pi. wajeje ;
sieve
224
silent
one on this s. and one on
the other s. daya ga wajen
nan daya ga wajen chan;
from this s. (of a room, glen,
etc.) even to that s. ddga
sassan nan har ga sassan
chan; the right s. wajen
dama, dama; the left s.
wajen (hauni or) hagum,
hagum, hayun; s. of a body
(also = edge) kauye; the s.
or edge of a stream kauyen
ruwa.
2. s. of the body (esp.
between the bottom of the
ribs and the thigh-bone)
kwibi; s. (rib) of an animal
awaza, pi. awazzai; on one
s. a kauye.
sieve, n. rariya, rairaya, le-
leya* ; a vessel with holes
used as a coarse s. tu-
kunya, matachiya, mararaki,
marari* ; a s. used for sepa-
rating gold from sand, etc.
matankadi.
sift, to tache, tankade or yin
tankade, bakache.
sigh, n. sheda, pi. shedodi.
sigh, intr. v. yin sheda, sinihi*,
sinishi*.
sighing, n. ajiyar zuchiya.
sight, n. 1. (the faculty of
vision) no precise equivalent,
turn, e.g. he lost the s. of
his eye idonsa ya bache.
2. (the act of seeing, also
view) ido, gani thus, in the
s. of all men idon duniya;
the s. of her will console them
ganinta zai ma su hankuri;
the s. of them made every-
body laugh ganinsu ya sa
kowanne dariya ; dim (or
dimness of) s. bambarokai;
one who has defective s.
garara.
sign, n. gen. shaida, pi. shai-
dodi, which also s. or
mark made by one who
cannot write his name;
(important or wonderful
token, intimation) alamo,
often pronounced kalama, \
pi. alamomi \ aya, pi. o^yoyi,
nuni ; a s. adduced or ap-
pealed to as a reason or
authority dalili.
signet, n. mataushin watihi ;
s. ring zoben shaida.
silence, n. shiriyu, shiru,shiyu,
shuru or shu, kurum, kmvai,
kurumta, kurumchi, zugum
(S.); in s. shiriyu, kurum,\
e.g. leave them in s. a bar m
kurum ; to keep s. yin kawai ;
he kept s. yaja bakinsa.
silence, to kawaita.
silent, adj. kawai or kaun-oi
jurum.
silent, to be, v. shiriyu, ku-
rum and kawai with yi or
silently
225
sink
the forms in na, e.g. be
silent ! ka yi shiru, kame
bnkinka ; we were s. mun yi
ktirum ; he is s. shina kurum
or shina yin kawai.
silently, adv. shiru.
silk, alharini, sirki*, adalashi
a cord or chain of s. siliya,
pi. siliyu and siliyoyi.
silk cotton tree, n. rimi,
rini- red-flowered s. c. t.
gurjiya; the seed of the
s. c. t. guriya (S.), anguriya
. (*)
silken, adj. na alharini.
silkworm, a species of, n.
tsamiya.
silly, adj., see fool, foolish.
silver, n. dzurfa.
silver, adj. na-azurfa, fern, ta-
azurfa.
similar, adj., see like.
similar, to be, v. daidaiche,
see under like.
similitude, n. misali to speak
by a s. yin misali.
sin, n. zunufi, zunubi, laifi, pi.
laifufuka, kuskuri* to com-
mit s., see seq.
3in, intr. v. yin zunubi (or
zunufi), yin laifi.
since, 1. prep, (after, from the
time of) tun, e.g. s. your
birth tun haifuwarka ; s. the
commencement of the war
, tun farawar yaki.
K. n. D.
2. conj. of time (after that,
from the time that) tun da,
e.g. s. we learnt that he was
an infidel tun da mun sani
shi kafiri ne.
3. adv., long s. tun dade,
tun dadewa, tuntuni, tuni' }
how long s. ? tun yaushe 1 e.g.
how long s. did you learn
Hausa? tun yaushe ka koyo
Hausa 1
4. conj. (because) don,
zama, e.g. the} 7 cannot move
since they are lifeless ba su
iya yin motsi ba don ba su
da rai.
sincere, adj., see honest.
sing, v. yin waka.
singe, to babbake.
singer, a mounted bambade,
pi. bambadawa.
single, adj. bardbara ; a s. one
of a pair, of which one has
been lost kangarwa', see
alone, one.
singly, adv., e.g. question them
s. (one by one) ka tambaya
su day a day a, see also alone,
singular, adj. mufuradi, see
plural,
sink, n. (a place of filth, also
fig.) saiga, pi. salgagi.
sink, v. 1. intr. (to go under
water) nutsa (K.), nuta (S.),
nutse, nitso, ninkaya, e.g.
the boat is sinking jirigi
15
sinless
226
skin
shina nutsa; to s., i.e. to fall,
e.g. of a man wounded or of
the sun descending/Wi.
2. (to subside) kafe.
3. tr. (to immerse) nuche,
nutse ; spec, to s. a well gina
rijiya.
sinless, adj. maras-laifi.
sinner, n, mai-zunubi.
sip, n. guwa ; to take one s.
sha daya.
sip, v. kurba.
sipping, n. kurbi.
sister, n. shikikiya, zumniya
(S. and Daura), (usually =
younger s.) kanuwa ; elder s.
. ya :
sit, intr. v. (also to s. down)
zamna or zauna to s. on
the ground with legs crossed
and elbows on knees gishin-
kida, kishinkida, gijirta ; to
s. with outspread legs tagan-
gana ; to s. at ease mimike
to make to s. down zamshe
a sitting place mazauni, ma-
zamni.
site, n. wuri, pi. wurare ; to
mark out a s. sha wuri.
six, card. num. shidda \ s.
times, adv. sau shidda', by
sixes or s. each shidda shidda.
sixth, adj. na-shidda, fern, ta-
shidda ; one-s. part sudusi*.
sixtieth, ord. num. nctrsittin,
fern, ta-sittin.
sixty, card. num. sittin ; also
gomiya shidda.
size, n. girma employed thus :
its fruit is large in s. diyata
suna da girma ; the s. of the
jerboa exceeds that of the
mouse kurege ya fi bera gir-
ma; to become (or grow) large
in s. yin girma.
skewer, tsinken nama ; to fix
on a s. soke a tsinke, tslre*,
done.
skilful, adj. (in an art, etc.)
goni, gwani, gwanaye, mai
gwani; (in artifice) mai-
wayo, pi. masu-wayo, (esp. in
war) garclaye.
skilfully, adv. gwani, da gwani,
da wayo, da dubara.
skill, n. (in an art or profession)
gwani, gwaninta ; (in arti-
fice) wayo ; (in contrivance,
resource) dabara or dubara]
(with implication of oppor-
tunity and readiness) tsa-
rqfi*.
skim, tr. v. (milk) ydde, kwalfe,
kolfe.
skimming, of milk kwalfa,
kolfa.
skin, n. gen. fata, pi. fdtuna,
pata, fiska ; (hide) kilago, pi.
kilagai \ kilabo, agalemi, lan-
gabu* ; s. after tanning kir-
gi; cast s. of serpent swaba
or saba, zana: he casts his
skin
s. y<t iji swaba a s. bag or
bottle salka, pi. salkuna ; a
s. used for drawing water
from well guga; a coverin &
of skins tunku ; a s. wrappe
walki.
skin, tr. v. kware, kwari,feda
fede : see also flay,
skink, banded s. (Scinopus
fasciatus) damatsiri, tama
tsiri (S.) ; red-bellied s. (Ma
buia Perrotteti) kulba.
skip, v. (to spring along or
over lightly) bira (to pass
over without reading passages
in a book) chingara, tsdlache.
skipping, tsalle.
skull, n. kwalluwa, kwakwa-
/ntra, kollo,kwanya, kwanyan
kai, kashin kai (lit. bone of
the head).
kunk, a kind of tunku, see
under cat.
ky, n. sama, pi. samaniya or
sammai, duniya, gari*.
lacken, v. 1. see loosen.
2. tr. v. (to relax, mitigate)
ragi or rage- intr. (to be
relaxed, mitigated) ragu, e.g.
the heat of the fire slackened
zafin ivuta ya ragu.
.ackness, sainyin jiki.
.ander, chimbaya, tsurutu (S.),
hardi.
anderer, maradi.
ap, v. kalle.
227
slavery
slash, tr. v. (to cut by striking,
i.e. not by drawing the edge
along, which is yanka) sare.
slaughter, tr. v. yanka or
yanke, karkdshe, kakkdshe
to s. animals yinfauta.
slaughter-house, n. wurin
fawa, mahauta.
slaughtering, n.fawa.
slave, n. bawa, fern, baiwa,
bauya, boy a (S.) or bawuya*,
pi. bayi or bai ; spec, chief s.
of a king kachcdla, yari ; a
female s. baiwa (as above),
kuyanga or kwiyanga, pi.
kuyangai, kuyangi; yan tu-
rdka, (also concubine) sadaka,
kwarakwara or kwarkwara,
bawan gida; the son of a
s. but free bachucheni, di-
majo; a s. the offspring of
a negro father and Tuarek
mother buzu ; a s. who begs
mauro; a s. about 14 years
old magudanchi, mugudanchi,
pi. magudantai; a strong s.
kato, fem. katuwa ; a run-
away s. gujajje* a s. holder
mai-bawa; a s. raiding ex-
pedition samame, shdri ; v.
to free a s. yanchi ; a s.
raider mahdri.
slavery, n. bauchi, bauta, ba~
wanchi; liberation from s.
diyauchi or diyanc/ii ; re-
demption from s. fansa
152
slay
228
slip
usually pronounced pansa ;
to redeem from s. yinfansa,
bada (or ba) diyauchi, e.g.
he freed them from s. ya
bada su diyauchi.
slay, tr. v., see kill.
sleep, n. barchi, kwana, kwan-
chiya\ the last s. (death)
makarin barchi.
sleep, iiitr. v. barchi with yi
or forms in na, also kwana
or kwanche ; the former refer
rather to the physical con-
dition, the latter convey also
the idea of reposing, lying
down to s., e.g. we did not
hear the howling of the dogs,
we were sleeping ba mu ji
kukan karnuka muna barchi
we slept at that place mun
kwana a wurin nan ; sleep-
ing kwantawa, kwanchiya ;
cf. my foot has gone to s.
mijiriya ta kama kafata.
sleepiness, n. gyangyadi', to
be overcome by s. yin gyan-
gyada.
sleeping-place, n. makwanche ;
spec. s.-p. (e.g. in a tree)
affording protection from wild
beasts saura*.
sleeping sickness, bamota.
sleeve, n. hdnnu or hdnnun
riga; a sleeve-knife the
blade of which is worn along
or up the s. wukar hdnnu.
sleight of hand, dabo.
slender, lange lange, see lean
slice, a gunduwa.
slide, intr. v., see slip.
slight, adj., see thin.
slight, tr. v. rena, raina.
slim, shallali.
sling, v., to s. anything ovei
the shoulder sdba.
sling, n. bindo, elawa, maja
jaiwa, majejawa, majaujawa
majujawa ; sword s. hamila
a s. for carrying a child 01
the back gumya.
slinging, ragaya, rataya.
slip, n. (loss of foothold ty
sliding) samtsi, santsi, sand
(S.) ; to make a s. yin sam
tsij yin talalabiya, e.g. h
made a s. ya yi samtsi.
slip, intr. v. 1. (to lose foot
hold by sliding) sa/mtue, yi f >
samtsi, yin talalabiya, gwal
chi, tuzga, tuzge, rabkano
rafkama ; the last also = to s
into, e.g. he slipped into th
well ya gwabche chikin rijiya
to s. as in soft mud kafiya.
2. (to escape hold) kubch>
sumbule ', of things, e.g. th
sword slipped from my gras
takobi ya kubche daga hat
nuna ; of persons (to leav
or get away easily fror
companions, etc.) zuke, rln>
to try to s. out (used of a
slipperiness
animal in a trap) kubche
knbche; of a knot to s
sumbule.
slipperiness, n. samtsi, santsi
mindi (S.), samche, sulbi, tola
labiya.
slippery, adj. dasamtsi, see slip,
slipping down or out, parti-
cipial n. sumbulewa.
slit, n., as. in a seam bardka
a s. in a stick gebe*.
slit, tr. v. keta.
slough, n. (cast skin of ser-
pent) swaba or saba ; to cast
a s. yin swaba.
slow, adj. (one who goes slowly
or deliberately) mai-nauwa.
slowcoach, madudu (S.), see
idle,
slowly, adv. sannu-sannu ; very
s. sannu-sannu.
slumber, n. and v., see sleep,
sleepiness.
slush, tabo, chabi, potopoto.
sly, adj. da wayo, mai-wayo,
pi. masu-wayo ; see skilful,
small, adj. karami, fern, kara-
ma, karamiya, pi. karamu,
kankane^em. kankanuwa, pi.
kankana, kanana-, smallest
auta* ; anything s., n. kima,
abuhika, kusugu* ; s. quantity
oikaranchi; s. money (shells)
yaskan kurdi (S.).
mall-pox, n. agana, ado, zan-
Zf'tKt, karambo, yar-rani.
229
smoke
smart, a s. fellow ddje, fern.
ddjiya, pi. dazoji.
smash, tr. v. (to break to
pieces with violence) far-
fasha, palpashe, ribde, rifde,
rubde,rugunguza*, murtsuke.
smashed, particip. pass, mur-
jaje, fern, murjajiya, pi. mur-
jaju; murtsukakke, pl.murtsu-
kakku.
smear, tr. v. (e.g. with oil)
shafa, shafe, yafa*.
smell, n. (odour), an agreeable
s. kamshi-, a bad s. doyi,
dwai, wari, wardi* ; s. of
d&mpjumfuna ; an evil s. as
of putrefying animal bodies
karni, kazni, kauri.
smell, tr. v. 1. (to perceive by
the sense) ji, sunsuna, e.g.
I s. the scent of lions na
ji warin zakoki.
2. (to s. at with the intent
to enjoy or test) shaka (S.)
or sheka (K.) ; to emit a bad
s. yin doyi.
smelt, tr. v. narke.
smile, intr. v. yin murmushi,
yin mulmushi.
smite, tr. v., see strike, kill,
smith, n., see blacksmith,
smithy, mdkera.
smoke, n. hayaki; spec. s. of
a conflagration turnuka.
smoke, v. 1. (to emit s.) yin
hayaki.
smooth
230
snore
2. (to s. tobacco) shan taba.
smooth, adj. da (samtsi or)
santsi, nani.
smooth, tr. v. (of wood, by
paring, shaving) sassaka, sab-
che, sabta, sanche ; (by daub-
ing, plastering, etc*) ydba;
to rub s. darje.
smoothed, particip. adj. (by
plastering, etc.) yababbe, fern.
yababba, pi. yababbu.
smoothly, adv. sansamtsa*,
sarr*.
smoothness, n. samtsi, santsi,
samche.
snail, n. katantanwa, alkoto*.
snail shell, alkoto (S.).
snake, n. machiji, fern, ma-
chijiya, pi. machizzai, igiyar
kasa, sago (S.) ; names of
different species many of
which await identification
are : a small s. with a tail
which resembles a second
head and a double mouth
bida-, a s. which spits like
a cat dan mussa', a green
s. (Philothainnus semivarie-
gatus) damatsiri, danyen chi-
yawa', a black s. masasau;
a black cobra from 14 inches
to 6 ft. in length without spec-
tacles kumurchi, kwamarchi ;
another species of cobra gam-
sheka, gamshika, or tamatsiri
(in S. this = a skink) ; a black
s. about 18 inches long dan
mayurji ; a puff adder kasa ;
a long, slender, light-coloured
s. kwakiya ; a python mesa,
muluwa* ; a short black and
white viper gajera, kubu-
buwa* ', a harmless s. sha-
nono ; a yellow viper with
flat head injihau, tsada-raki ;
a poisonous s. sanadi', a brown
harmless s. which comes out
at daylight toft ga rana; a
large spotted s. tandara\ a
large s. uwayara; a plant
used as antidote to s. bite
filasko a s. charmer gardi,
pi. gardawa \ turde, pi. tur-
dawa or turdodi; a s. skin
swaba or saba, zana*, a water
s. ani.
snare, n. hako, pi. hakoki,
tarko ; to lay a s. yin hako :
a bird s. asuta, asibta.
snatch, tr. v. kwache, karba,
karbi, amshi, fisge or fusge :
spec, to s. goods wasashe ; to
s. with violence rupta, rnpto.
snatcher, n. mai-kwachewa.
snatching, wasoso, wasaso.
sneeze, intr. v. atisha\ sneezing
atishawa, furji.
sniff, v. sheka, shaka; to s. up
(for the purposes of smelling)
id.
snore, intr. v. minshari, han-
sari, tiasari, hansdri, yti'i''>.
snort 231
snort, to sheka hiska.
snow, talji* (Ar.).
snuff, n. (powdered tobacco)
yarin tdba, taban hanchi ;
taking s. shekawa.
snuff, v., see sniff,
snuff-box, n. batta, pi. battochi.
SO, adv. (thus) hdka, hdkanan,
e.g. or is it not so 1 ? ko ba
hdka ba ? so it is shi ke nan ;
kdza, or kdza da kdza is
often used in a less demon-
strative sense and when
something is referred to not
named = so and so, e.g. he
did so and so ya yi abu kaza
ivane is similarly used of
persons, e.g. where is so and
so ? ina wane ; about so much
kivatanchin kaza ; so, express-
ing doubt or some surprise,
so ! to ; so it is ana nan ; so
that, see under that ; so
then (therefore), see there-
fore.
soap, n. sabuni (S.), sabulu
(K.), toka ; spec, a superior
kind of s. used for washing
the face sabunin sdlo.
socket, n. kwarmi, pi. kwarmu,
gwarmi ; s. of the eye gurbin
ido; prov. the s. of the eye
is not the eye itself gurbin
ido ba ido ne ba.
sodomy, ludu, lutsu.
soever, affix to words to em-
soj ourn
phasise the notion of con-
tingency ko (used as a prefix),
e.g. where? ina; wheresoever
koina; who? which? what?
wa, wanne-, whosoever, which-
soever, whatsoever kowa, ko-
wanne, e.g. whomsoever you
find seize him kowanne .ka
samu ka kama shi.
soft, adj. (e.g. of mud, dough,
etc., also of cloth) da tafshi,
da tabshi, da taushi, da lau-
shi*, labu-labu \ to be or be-
come s. yin tapshi, yin ka-
bushi of ripe fruit yin tabo
(or tambo), e.g. the date is s.
dabino ya yi tabo.
soften, tr. v. yin tafshi,
zabki.
softly, lako-lako, sdko-sdko.
softness, kabushi, tabo, tapshi,
tafshi, tabshi, taushi, laushi*.
soil, n. 1. (ground, land) kasa,
pi. kdsashe, kdsaisai ; very
hard s. tsandauri.
2. see dirt.
soil, tr. v. yin dauda.
sojourn, n. (temporary stay)
zama, e.g. how have you
been faring during your s.
in this town ? ina zaman
gari 1
sojourn, intr. v. (to make a
stay) zamna, zauna, e.g. we
sojourned there twelve days
mun zamna nan kwana goma
sojourner
232
sonship
ska biyu, shida or shide (lit.
to alight at a place).
sojourner, mai-zamna, pi. ma-
su-zamna.
Sokoto, the town of Sakwato
or Sakkwato.
solder, a sort of, (sal-ammonia)
sinddari (S.), shinddari (K.),
sunddari.
soldier, n. mdyaki, pi. mayaka,
dan yaki, pi. yayan (or ?/<m)
2/a-H ; askar, pi. askarawa ;
spec. as. of a king's body-
guard dogari, dakdre, dakdra,
pi. dakdru ; a foot s. dan kasa;
foot-soldiers coll. kirma, sa 1 -
ati* ; see guriguri*.
sole, n. (of the foot) sau, sawu,
sauwaiwai, pi. sauwuna, ma-
taki, pi. matakai, tdfin kdfa.
sole, adj. makadaichi, muka-
daichi, s. in its idiomatic
use, however, is best ex-
pressed by means of sai, e.g.
his s. request was this ba ya
roko ba sai wannan; our s.
food is guinea-corn abinchi
namu sai dawa.
solely, adv., see alone.
solid, adj. (sound, trustworthy)
ingatachi.
solitary, gwabro*.
some, 1. (used adjectivally and
pronominally) wani (often
pronounced woni), fern, wata,
pi. wadansu, wasu, yasu (S.),
wansu; wait, I have some-
thing to say bari ina da wani.
2. wani is also used to
express the correlatives s.
one... another, pi. s.... others,
also s s., e.g. s. one said
yes, another said no wani ya
che i wani ya che a'a.
somersault, the act of turn-
ing zuragadauniya, juyen-
mdsa (see under mdsa).
sometime, adv. wani yayi.
son, n. da, connective dan, pi.
yaya, ya, connective yayan
and yan, e.g. first-born s. da
nafari ; the s. of Amina dan
Amina (i.e. Mohammed) ;
used as an expression of
regard, e.g. my s. dana; s.
of my mother (i.e. friend)
dan uwana ; also used (as at
times in English) to express
contempt or aversion, e.g. s.
of the ignorant (heathen)
dan jahili (stronger than
jahili alone) ; s. of the wicked
dan mazugu.
song, n. waka, pi. wakoki, wake-
ivake, sara, wasa-, v., to sing
a s. waka with yi or the
forms in na, e.g. I sang them
a s. na yi ma su waka ; to
compose a s. id. ; a religious
s. tsdri; foolish songs wak-e-
ivaken banza.
sonship, n. diyauchi, diyanchi.
soon
233
source
soon, adv. (after a little while)
./'""' kttdan, e.g. I shall s.
return to you jima kadan ni
komo yare ku, cf . also while ;
(in a short time, with quick-
ness) maza and frequently
nmza maza, e.g. I will s. catch
him znn kama shi maza maza.
soot, fin fin (S.),faifini (K. ), kun-
kunniya, kunkumniya (S.).
soothsayer, n. boka, pi. bo-
kaye ; to act as a s. yin dubi.
soothsaying, n. arwa, duba.
sorcerer, n. maye, mayi, fern.
mayiya, mayya, pi. mayu.
sorcery, n. maita, dabu, dabo,
kwarche (S.), sihiri, kandu,
akokari, tsubu.
sordid, adj., see filthy, base.
sore, n. kushe kushe, miki, pi.
miyaku, see ulcer, boil; s.
on a horse's back getsi.
sore, adj., see painful.
sores, pi. balli balli.
sorrel, red s. yakuwa.
sorrow, n. bakin chiki, ma-
yiit<i, see affliction, grief.
sorrowful, to be, intr. sinihi.
sorry, (distressed, pained) da
n-h<il<i \ to be s. haiya ; I
am very s. ya bata ma ni
zuchiya or zuchiyata ta bache,
see grieved ; to be or feel s.
for, see compassion.
sort, n. iri, pi. irare, launi;
see species.
sort, tr. v. (to divide, distri-
bute into classes) raba', (to
s. out) see choose.
sorted, pass. part, rababbe, fern.
rababba, pi. rababbu.
soul, n. rai, pi. rayu, kurmva,
both are used of the dis-
embodied as well as the
embodied s. ; (the seat of
the mental feelings and
qualities) rai, e.g. of haughty
s. da girman rai ; patient of
s. da sanyin rai.
sound, n. (e.g. of bees, a bell,
gun, trumpet) amo ; a con-
fused s. dumi.
sound, adj. (trustworthy) inga-
tachi ; s. (in health) da lafiya.
sound, intr. v. yin amo.
soup, n. romuiua (S.), ronto
(K.), miya, ruwan nama;
spec. s. in which fura has
been made farau farau, faro
faro, ruwan fura ; red sorrel,
a common ingredient in s.
yakuwa; a herb the leaves
of which are used in making
s. sure.
sour, adj. da tsami-, to be s.
yamama, yanyama ; the soup
has gone s. miya ta yi yami.
source, n. (spring of water)
idon ruwa; s. of a river
gindi', (origin, beginning
mafari ; (of words, the primi-
tive meaning or derivation)
sourness
234
spear
gutsu, e.g. what is its s. ?
minene gutsunsal (first cause)
sababi, e.g. the s. of the illness
was this sababin chiwuta ke
nan.
sourness, tsami, tsamiya, yami.
souse, tr. v. (to immerse) tso-
ma, nuche (S.), nutsa.
south, n. kudu, kudus, gusum,
tsdkar rana j adv. id., e.g.
he went s. ya tafi kudu.
southward, adj. (towards the
s.) gusumchi, kudanchi.
sovereign, n., see king,
sovereignty, n., see kingdom.
SOW, n. (female of wild swine)
gadoniya, gyadainya (S.) ;
(of domestic) gursuna mache.
SOW, tr. v. shipka, shibka,
shuka ; a hole in which to s.
seed sdra.
sower, n. mai-shipka, ma-
shipki.
sowing-time, n. manomi, also
fig., e.g. this life is a s.-t.
for the future life, ita du-
niya nana che manomi a
lahira.
space, n. (open, free room)
sarari, fage ; unoccupied sp.
(e.g. on the ground, etc.)
fili, pi. filaye, kanwuri, far-
fqjiya, sarari, e.g. there is
no s. here for my load
babu fill a unirin nan ga
kayana; in a less precise
sense wuri (place) may be
used.
spacious, adj. mai-sarari, nii-
yalwa.
span, n. (a measure of length,
i.e. the space between ends
of thumb and first finger
extended) tdki, dani.
sparks, tsartsatsi.
sparrow, n., the African s.
magwara.
speak, v.fdda and fddi, tdne,
zanta(K.), e.g. I s. the truth
to you ina fada ma ku ycis-
kiya ; (in the sense also of
conversation) yin zanche ; to
s. with zantad da ; to s. a
language yin magana, e.g.
we are able to s. Hausa mu-
na iya yin maganar Hausa \
to s. evil of bachi ; to s. evil
of behind one's back c/iim-
baya ; to s. proudly yin mini;
to s. secretly or to s. in
whispers rada; speaking/<z-
dalle, see say.
spear, n. mdshi, pi. nimni-
suka, or masu ; spec, a long
s. not thrown kasav^mrn,]
a small s. for throwing /unt-
kaltilo ; a small s. tied to
wrist and which after being
thrown is pulled back h<tr</i,
pi. harugga ; a s. or dart for
catching fish hdgu, maryi ;
v. to cast a s. as a sign of
spear 235
declaration of war yasda (or
yada) mashi ; s. throwing
ndshi, pi. nashe-nashe.
spear, tr. v. soka, soke or soki,
halbe, halbior harbi, chdke, e.g.
he speared a fish ya soka kifi.
spearman, n. mahalbi, pi. ma-
halba and masu-halbi.
species, n. iri, pi. irare, launi,
e.g. they had collected stones
of various s. suka tattara du-
watsu na iri dabam dabam.
speckled, adj. (of birds, etc )
wake-wake, see spotted,
specks, coll. (spots or dots,
e.g. on plumage of birds)
zane; spec. s. in eyes of
blind tsauriya; see spot,
spectacles, n. (the optical
instrument) minzari*.
spectre, n.jatalwa.
speech, n. 1. gen. magana,
which can be used in all the
following senses.
2. (the uttering of words)
fadi, pi. fade-fade, fada, ja-
wdbi, e.g. he would hear my
s. shi kan ji fadata ; until s.
be heard (i.e. is ended) har
magana a ji ta; confused,
noisy s. dumi.
3. (uttered words and so
talk, discourse) zanche, ka-
lami*, aljama,aljima,jawabi.
4. (native language) hau-
sa*, pi. harata, halshe, har she,
spike
pi. halshina, halussa (S.),
e.g. in the s. of the Fulahs
da halshen Fillani ; he under-
stands the Hausa s. ya ji
maganar Hausa.
speechless, adj., see dumb,
silent.
speed, n., see haste.
speedily, adv., see quickly,
soon.
spell, n. (charm) magani, pi.
maganguna and magunguna.
spend, tr. v. kdshe, kisa, kasa,
batas, (with the idea of waste
more or less implied), e.g. he
spent much money ya kdshe
kurdidayawa; aikatada; to
s. time samu ; he spent one
month ya samu wata guda.
spew, v. tofi, kurkure.
sphere, azurumi*.
spice, hot, n. yaji, chefane
(S.); cf. kula* ; spices coll.
jauwi*-, see pepper.
spider, n. glzo, girgizo, toto,
tautau, rozo ; female s. koki ;
spider's web sumya, shau-
shaudo (S.), tautauchi, yanu ;
the spider's wife (in stories)
koki.
spiderwort, bidasa.
spike, n., an iron s. tsinke,
chinke (S.), pi. tsinkai also -
a little s. of straw; s. for
making holes in skin, etc.
tsiko, pi. tsikuna.
spill
236
splashing
spill, v. 1. tr. (to let run over)
tuddas.
2. intr. tuda or tude.
spilling, barbaduwa.
spin, v. 1. tr. (to twist into
thread) zare, zari, yin kadi ;
to s. yarn sabi*.
2. intr. (to revolve) kewaye,
kewayi, e.g. the top spins ma-
kodi ya kewaye.
spinach, native s. alayafu,
alayapo.
spindle, n. mazari, kadamin
abduga ; a sort of s. made of
skin mataki', a mud ball on
a kind of s. used in winding
thread gululu.
spine, (backbone) tsatso.
spinning, n. kadi, wadira*,
wodira*.
spinning round, anything, n.
makodi, e.g. ball, top, etc.
spinster, n. gwabruwa ; an old
s. tuzuruwa.
spirit, n. ruhu*, (soul of man
generally, also as the seat of
feelings, etc.) see soul, (an
immaterial being, as.) id. ;
the evil s. eblis, shaitan, she-
tan, shaitan, shaidane, iblis ;
an evil s. aljani, fern, aljana,
pi. aljannu, janziri*, jan-
zari*, kankama, kaura', evil
spirits coll. jinnu, also the
pi. rayuka; (a ghost) see
spectre ; (mind) zuchiya,
e.g. tranquillity or happiness
of s. dadin zuchiya ; spec,
terms connected with popular
superstitions are : a s. de-
scribed as having hair hang-
ing down its face and often
appearing in trees dodo, pi.
dodani ; a s. that renders a
man mad or delirious bori-,
evil s. said to kill mother
and child at birth uwayara ;
an evil s. supposed to injure
tamarind and other trees
doguwa-, an evil s. in form
of snake gajimare ; persons
and esp. women possessed by
an evil s. masu-bori or masu-
boli.
spiritless, adj. da karamar
zuchiya.
spit, n. tsinke.
spit, v. 1. tofa, tofi,fesa, peso,,
furji, furza, kaki ; to s. out
tqfi t tofar da, miyau, yau,
tsalga (S.), tsalte, tsarta; to
s. out water from the mouth
tsartso, see spurt.
2. see pierce.
spite, n. chegi, for s. don chegi.
spitting, participial n.fesawa,
feshi, tofi, e.g. s. accompanied
by s. of bloodfesawanjini.
spittle, n. dalele, salabi, miyau,
yau (K.).
splashing, e.g. of water bun-
dum-bundum, funjum, tsin-
spleen
237
spotted
dum, pinjum, jinvaye* an
exclamation descriptive of s.
tsut, tsulut.
spleen, n. (the bodily organ)
sefa, saifa, pi. saifofi ; (dis-
ease of the s., splenitis)
chiivon saifa ; trop. (vexation)
haushi, e.g. his s. was roused
at this yaji haushin wantian.
splendid, adj. (of dress, orna-
ments, etc. ) na ado, fern, ta ado.
splendour, n. (of dress, etc.)
ado.
splenitis, n., see spleen.
splinter, n. (e.g. in the skin)
sartse.
split, n. tsdga, tsdgi.
split, tr. v. tsdga, keta, Jirda,
farde, datse (S.), fdsa, the
last also used of cold, faskara.
splitting, 1. participial n. ke-
tuwa, fasawa, faskari.
2. adj. mai-fasawa.
spoil, 1. tr. v. (to waste, injure)
bdta, bdchi, bdche.
2. intr. (to be spoiled,
wasted, etc. ) bdche of fruits,
etc. (to go bad, rot) riba or
ruba.
3. n. and tr. v., see
plunder.
spoiled, pass. part, bdtache,
fern, bdtachiya, pi. bdtattu,
rubabbe, fern, rubabbiya, pi.
rubaUm; to be s., see spoil 2.
spoils, a half share of s. paid
to the leader of an expedition
after a raid hamushi.
sponge, n., soso (K.), susu (S.),
i.e. the fibrous network of the
fruit of a species of gourd,
the * loofah ' gourd; anything
used as a s. abin shafe.
spool, matari.
spoon, n. (made of wood)
chokali, koshiya, kwiyafa,
kuyafa (S.) ; a s. used for
measuring madebi ; a large
wooden s. moda ; spoons
made from pumpkin rinds
pi. luddai.
spoor, lawali.
sport, n. (play, diversion) war-
gi-, (mirth, also mirthful
contempt) dariya, e.g. we
made s. of him mun ba shi
dariya,', (of the field, as
fowling, hunting) farauta.
spot, n. tabo, pi. tabuna, tambo
(S.), dangole ; a s. or blot, e.g.
of ink dole, kyanda, pi. ky-
andu, zane, pi. zane-zane ; (a
blemish in an article) aibi,
aibu, pi. aibobi, sofane, pi. so-
fanai ; a s. of grease maski ;
fig. (moral blemish, fault) aibi,
aibu ; (a particular locality)
wuri, pi. wurare; (speckle)
rodi, pi. r ode-rode.
spots, having s., adj. wake-
wake.
spotted, mai-rodi.
spout
238
squatting
spout, n. mazurari.
sprain, n. targade.
spread, tr. v. (e.g. a cloth, a
mat) shimfida ; intr. (to sepa-
rate, scatter) watse, wache;
to s. out, tr. (esp. used of
spreading out goods for sale
on a mat) shimfida ; to s. out
(the legs) tantana ; to s. out
wheat to dry baza ; (to expose
to view) baydna or baiyana ;
intr. to s. out or abroad,
increase yado, y<*>du, malala,
nasa.
spring, n., of water, idon ruwa,
maromarOj marmaro, mar-
maru ; the rnouth of a s. or
well bakin rijiya; for other
senses see source.
spring, intr. v. 1. see jump.
2. to s. or s. up out of the
ground (of seeds, plants)
tsira, tsire, tsiro, chira; (of
water) balbadu, barbadu.
sprinkle, to buta, bursuna
(K.), fantsama.
sprinkling, n. kurmuwa.
sprout, n. (of guinea-corn, etc.)
karmdmi ; (of trees) tofo, pi.
tofuna; spec, new sprouts
after trees, etc. have been
cut down kankama \ sprout-
ing corn yabanya.
sprout, intr. v. 1. (to spring
up out of the ground) tsira,
tsiro, tsiri, see spring.
2. of trees and plants (to
put forth buds, leaves, etc.)
tofu, yin tofo, yin foge, yin
gunda, e.g. the trees s. ita^
tuwa sun tofu ; the melon
sprouts kabewa tana gunda.
sprouting, gauro, gyauro.
spue, v., see spew.
spur, n. kaimi, pi. kayame ; s.
of a cock kafa.
spur, i.e. to prick with a s.
chdchdka.
spurs, long riding-boot with,
n. kufita or kufuta, pi. kujitai,
kufutai, kubtUai (S.), kuftai
(K.).
spurt, to s. out tartso, tudas,
fantsama.
spurting, tartsatsi, tudaswa.
spy, n. gdta, pi. gataye, maje-
wayi, magewayi, pi. maje-
waya.
spy, to s. or s. out jewayi,
jewaye, leka, leki, leko, yin
sJiigoro.
spying, n. dauraro, dararo,
jewaya, shigoro.
square, n., a s. of men kewanya.
squash, to (e.g. with the foot)
latse, lowatse.
squat, intr. v., to s. down with
legs crossed kishinkida, gir
jirche (S.) ; to s. on the
ground tsugunna.
squatting, n. tsugum-, (the
body resting upon the inside
squeeze
239
stalk
of the thighs with the feet
splayed outwards) zaman ra-
kiinii ; s. with outspread legs
tantana.
squeeze, tr. v. mache, matse,
ntatsa, taushe (S.), tausa (K.),
damfare, tsamki, tattara, rum-
chi, rumtse to s. a lemon, etc.
talsa, tatse, twatsa, twache.
squeezed, pass, particip. tau-
shashe, fern, taushashiya.
squeezing, participial n. tau-
shewa ; s. through a narrow
place bokoto.
squint, n. idon mage.
squirrel, n. kusum-bisa ; Afri-
can flying s. beran bisa ;
the spiny ground-squirrel
kurege.
squirt, to tsurara.
stable, n. muri, barga, mai-
turke; and less precise (a
place for horses) shamaki,
pi. shamakai, shamakoki.
stable-man, n. dan muri,
barga, birga, see also groom.
Stack, a s. of corn matara,
mataran hatsi.
Staff, n. sanda, pi. sanduna ;
kulki, pi. kulake.
Stagger, v. 1. intr. magagi
with forms in na, e.g. he
was struck by a bullet, he
staggered and fell oka halbe
shi da bindiga yana magagi
yafadi.
2. (to confuse, perplex)
dame, ddma and pass, to be
staggered damn.
staggering, n. (e.g. of a dying
man) magagi.
stain, n. (colouring matter),
e.g. a red clay used for stain-
ing eyelids, etc. koya, kowa ;
a red vegetable s. for the
teeth kuriya, see dye ; (spot,
blemish, fault) aibu, kufa.
stain, v. (to tinge fabrics, etc.
with colouring matter), see
dye ; pass, to be stained (in
a wider sense), turn by
general terms for 'change'
with the appropriate com-
plements, e.g. the field was
stained with blood wurin
fada ya sauya ja da jini or
wurin fada sai jini; the
waters were stained all red
ruwaye sun sauya ja wur ; to
s. the face dambara, dan-
dambara ; esp. to s. the face
blue dambara.
staining, yanayi.
stairs, pi. n. (steps) mahayi,
karangama ; see steps,
stake, n. rino, rinu*, shishike
(S.) ; a s. in gambling riko.
stalk, n. (of plants) Mra, pi.
karare, alkdjiya, tsirgagiya;
(of corn, etc.) zangare, zan-
garniya, pi. zangarnu, kar-
mdmi, firchi-, stalks (of
stalk
240
state
beans, ground-nuts) hardwa ;
stalks of grass used for horses'
food tattaka; corn stalks used
by tanners karandafi (S.).
stalk, to s. an animal robe.
Stall, n. 1. (for cattle) garke,
pi. garkuna ; s. (or paddock)
barga.
2. (a stand in the market)
rumbu, rumpa, pi. rumfuna.
stallion, angarma, ingarma ;
mounting of a mare by a s.
stammer, intr. v. inina, inna.
stammering, n. ininan halshe,
kikiniya.
stamp, n. (seal) mazubi, ma-
taushin watika.
stamp, to s. down ddbe, tattaka;
stamping down (e.g. a floor)
ddbe-ddbe.
stand, on which things are ex-
posed for sale, n., see stall 2.
stand, intr. v. tsayi, tsaya or
tsai which also = to s. up
and to s. still, e.g. s. there
till I am ready ka tsayi nan
har na yi shiri ; to cause to
s. still tsaishe ; I s. upright
na tsaya daidai ; to s. by or
up for (to aid), see help.
standard, n. 1. (of proportion,
measure), see measure.
2. (flag of a king) tuta,
tuti, pi. tutochi.
standing, tsaye.
star, n. tamraro, tauraro (Dau-
ra), pi. tamrdru, taurdrai,
tatsuniya, pi. tatsuniyoyi ;
spec, the morning s. gam-
zaki ; a shooting s. mashin
tamraru.
stare, n. kallo, zuru.
stare, v. also = to s. at (of
curiosity) yin kallo, yin zuru y
e.g. you keep staring at me
kafaye kallona.
starling, dokin buntu; the
glossy s. or grakle tsakwai-
kwaiwa.
start, n. sabko, safko.
start, v. 1. intr. (to move
suddenly through fear, etc.)
razana or razani; (of a
horse) to s. or s. back ssa-
bura ; to cause to s. zaburi ;
(of a restive horse) to s. tuma.
2. intr. (to move oft 7 , set
out) tashi, sabko, safko, sapko,
yin sabko, e.g. he prepared
to s. ya sake tashi; tr. (to
send off) tada, tayas da, e.g.
I started a messenger na
tada manzo.
starve, intr. v. (to perish by
starvation) mutu da yini-n.
state, n. (condition) zama and
zamanchi ', intr. v. to come
into a s. zama, zam (S.),
zama, e.g. he came into a
s. of distress ya zama matsi-
yachi.
state 241
state, v., see narrate,
statement, e.g. before a judge
biyaya,
stay, intr. v. zamna, zanna,
*<u>Ic : wanzu, which also
means to delay; to s. at
a place (i.e. to rest) yin
iiiiK/dma; to s. at a place or
occupation for a day only
l/i/ti, e.g. there we s. a day
nan mu ke yini day a; I s.
at work the whole day ina
ll'ud aiki; a s. -at-home (per-
son) kifin rijiya ; to s. pro-
ceedings tsaida mag ana \ to
cause to s. zamnas da, zamshe.
steal, tr. v. sache, yin sata, yin
xmuie (or sane); spec, to s.
1 goods kwuche.
stealing, ri. (theft) sata, bara-
n-onchi, sane, swane, barauchi;
s. earnest money chin amdna;
cattle-s. wcigi*, wogi*.
tealth, he went by s. ya yi
santja.
tealthily, suU-up.
tealthy, s. walk as of a thief
sanda.
team, surachi, tururi.
team-boat, n.,as.-b. is usually
designated by Hausas who
have seen one by jirigin
wutaQr jirigin hayaki; a loco-
motive s.-engine dokin wuta.
teep, tos. in water tsima, tsoma.
Beeping, in water tsime, tsimi.
R. H. D.
stick
stem, n. (of plants) kara, kare.
stepchild, agola, pi. agololi,
taliyo.
stepfather, n. uban rana.
step-parent, tdlafi, taulafi.
| steps, n. mahayi, takawa,
karangama; spec. s. formed
of mud mataki, pi. matakai ;
s. by which to come down
from a place mashidi ; s.
placed for mounting a horse
likkafa* and likkafan doki*.
sterile, adj., see barren,
steward, n. (manager) ivakili
to act as a s. wakilta.
stewardship, n. wakilchi.
stick, n. sanda, pi. sanduna,
kurki, kulki, pi. kidake, ku-
ma ; walking s. kandiri, kwa-
airi; (suchasisused byablind
m&n)jagora, gwalma ; a s. cut
from a tree and in this sense
usually fern, iche or itache ;
a thin bending s. tsumanjiya;
a heavy s. guduma ; a s.
carried by porters loko* a
s. used for stirring soup etc.
muchiya, maburgi, mabur-
kaki (S.); a crooked s., e.g.
one used for pulling down
fruit rorami; a s. with a
bent handle pauma.
stick, v. 1. tr. (to pierce) soka,
soke or soki.
2. intr. to stick fast (e.g.
in a narrow passage) yin
16
stickiness 242
barankam ; also s. to or to-
gether lazumta, lazumc/te,
kakkafe, like, liki, nana, see
adhere, cleave to.
stickiness, yauki, yapki, yabki.
stiff, to be, intr. v. gage, gaga,
sankare, sandare, kdge, sage ;
of skins etc. kandare (K.),
kangare (K.), kangare (S.).
still, to be, intr. v. kawaita,
pass, impersonal, be still ! a
kawaita.
still-born, haifuwa bari.
stilt, black-winged s. takabddo,
takabarbado (S.).
stilts, kadarko*.
sting, tr. v. halbi, harbi, sdra,
tdba, balle, balla.
stinginess, n. kalmashen zu-
chiya, rowa, tsimi.
sting-ray (Trygon), kundmar
ruwa.
stingy, adj. da rowa, mai-
rowa, bahiti*.
stink, n. doyi, dwai, wari',
see smell,
stink, intr. v., e.g. they s. suna
doyi.
stinking, to become, intr. v.
zama wari.
stir, v. 1. tr. (for the purpose
of mixing) ruda ; to s. about
in a pot while cooking taiga,
talgi, tuka.
2. intr. (to move oneself)
yin motsi.
stop
stirrup, n. likkafa; an iron s.
kebe* ; leather cords by which
the s. hangs kinami ; brass
stirrups zarnawi.
stock, n. (seed, kind, tribe)
iri, pi. irare.
stockade, kafi, kahi (S.).
stocks, e.g. a log to which a
recaptured slave is fastened
turn.
stolen, kwachache ; a receiver
of s. property dan tugu.
Stomach, tumbi, pi. tumbium.
stone, n. dutsi, duchi (S.), pi.
duivatsu and duwarwatsi*,
pa (S.), pi. pdni ; a flat s.
for rolling rice on magurji ;
a precious s. yakutu* ; a
white s. zaura*, idon zaura ;
a s. ball makodi ; slinging a
s. majaujawa, majajaiwa ; ;i
small s. burguje (S.) ; a stony
plain hamdda* ; a s. in the
path kauwa*.
stones, n. in coll. sense, small
s. tarki*, tsdkuwa ; s. col-
lected together, e.g. round a
well marmara ; s. used as a
support magirkai*.
stool, n. kujera.
stoop, intr. v. sunkwiya, sun-
kuya, tsugunna ; one who
stoops dukau.
stop, full, n. kora.
stop, v. 1. tr. (to make or
cause to stand still) tsaishe,
store
243
strange
kwtibe, kwaba, kwabo, tare,
t<lra ; s. it with your hand
trire shi da liannu ; to s. up
a hole like, toshe.
2. intr. (e.g. of one walk-
ing, running, etc.) tsayi
tsaya or tsai ; (to come to
an end) id., e.g. at that
point it stopped daga nm
>/ tsaya; (of a horse etc.)
3. to delay ddde.
4. to s. up dwade; stop
thief! ku tare ku tare; (to
stay, stay at, etc.) see stay.
tore, n. 1. (a supply laid up)
('jit/a ; a large s. of anything
tulij jibgi.
(a place for storing
things) rumbu, rufogo, gim-
sakawa.
tore, tr. v., also to s. up aje ;
to s. up goods jibga ; to s.
up treasure tarkache.
bore-room, n. taska, pi. tas-
kaki, see store 2.
:orey, upper, in a house, n.
kandaki, pi. kandakuna, soro,
tsoro.
Coring grain, a cl)amber for,
n. rafoniya, pi. rafoni ; a
large barn for s. g. rufogo,
see store 2.
ork, n., black s. kasheri, mai-
jikka; the marabout s. borin-
, tumid, babba da jikka ; a tall
red and white s. tsagagi;
the saddle-billed s. or Jabiru,
jahirma ; rosy s. or African
wood-ibis tsagagi; sacred ibis
jinjimi ; Hadadah ibis rara.
storm, n. hadari, pi. hddara;
a whirling dust s. gugmva,
holoko, huluku ; a heavy rain
s. or rain cloud zirnaniya or
zurnaniya.
story, n. kariya*, tatsuniya, pi.
tatsuniyoyi (latter also = a s.
told at night, a fireside s.),
gdtana, riwaya (S.), aljama,
aljima; an untrue s. kariya,
jira or hira* ; the telling of
a s. riyaya ; a s. (told as an
allegory) almara.
stout, adj. 1. (of persons = fat,
of things = thick) da kabri,
da kauri.
2. see brave.
stove, n. murufu, madaji.
stow, tr. v. (to lay up) aje.
straight, adj. sosai, daidai*,
e.g. they followed the s. path
sun bi hanya sosai.
strain, tr. v. (to filter) rare,
tache; to s. out rare, tardre,
tardro.
strainer, n. marari, mar are.
straining, n., a calabash with
holes for s. rariya.
strand, e.g. of rope nunki,
ninki, rlbe.
trange, 1. (foreign) bako, fem.
16-2
strangeness
bakuwa, pi. bakuna, baki and
bakokuna.
2. (odd, extraordinary)
bako ; this notion is also ex-
pressed by the n. aVamari
(matter) in the pregnant sense
of 'as. matter,' e.g. what a
s. thing ! al'amaringa ; this s.
war wannan al'amarin yaki.
strangeness, n. bakonchi, ba-
kontaka.
stranger, n. bako, fern, bakuwa,
pi. bakuna, baki and bako-
kuna, haddka, pi. haddku,
ba-ture ; to act as a s. yin
bakonchi or yin bakontaka ;
service done to a s. bakonchi,
bakontaka.
strangle, tr. v. shaki, shake,
makure.
strap, tied to bit, n. kamazuru.
stratagem, n. wayo, hila,
. fila, yaudara, idon-yaki ; to
use s. gama with wayo or
kai.
straw, n. tsaiwa ; s. hat mala-
fa, malfa, pi. malafuna and
malafai, garmnfa, garunfa.
stream, n., small running s.
malala-, a fast flowing s.
korama ; the hollow of a s.
kwazazzabo.
street, n. hanya, pi. hanyoyi,
see way.
strength, n. (inherent power
or firmness) karfi, karifi,
244. striking
kwari* ; (power over some-
thing else) iko, pi. ikoki ;
these terms differ as absolute
and relative, e.g. s. of mind
karifin zuchiya ; he surpassed
him in s. ya ji shi karifi :
we do this by the s. of a
charm muna yin hake d
ikon magani, kambi* ; to ex-
ceed in s. gdgara.
strengthen, tr. v. karfafa.
stretch, forth, tr. v. nfika.
mike; to s. a bow-string
tanka; intr. to be stretched
forth or out miku ; to s. out
the hand zurma; to bt
stretched out (used of a dog;
lake (S.); stretching one
limbs sleepily on wakini
magagin barchi.
stride, chirawa ; to s. yut ci
rawa, mike tsawo.
strife, n. fdda, fama; (s. o
tongues, contention) Juiya
niya, gardama.
strike, tr. v. mdra, see beat
and the verbs given unde
blow n. ; to s. (and so bruise
smash) falfasa, bubbuga, rilxl<
rifde, rubde ; to s. a tent nad
laima ; to s. with the fist dew
kwasa, dankwashe; to s. i
drum buga, &a^tew/''/w'<
striking, tabi', s. repeatedly
participial n. nnmn<tr<"'''
buga-buga.
string
string, n. igiya, pi. igoyi and
i 'j i i/o if i : * Hit/a, pi. siliyu or
nilnfnyi, ; n'<n/iu'l, pi. tradura
spec. s. for tying up trousers
iixi-jiryi, zariya', strong white
s. made of flax kirtani.
strip, n., of cloth kwariya;
strips of black leather ktc<ir<> ;
to cut into strips rede.
strip, tr. v. ktrarc, ktf(tn, jiye ;
8. (skin of fruits, etc.)
>ara ; to s. leaves from
a stalk kicdlde ; to s. off'
garments tube ri</una ) debe
riguna.
stripe, n. (blow) tig. sanda.
stripe, n. (in cloth, blue) saki,
*'i;ik' t : stripes (e.g. on a
bird, etc.) zmw ; having
stripes, adj. H-tike-wake ; to
draw stripes zana, zani.
striped, (cloth) saki-saki.
strive, intr. v., see attempt,
stroke, n. mari, pi. maremare ;
see also blow,
stroke, to, with the hand
stump
strokes, n., see lines,
strong, fidj.mai-karifi, pl.wasu-
kodayo, da
i, ishashe, fern.
whashiya, pi. ishashu ; very
>. /ynM'tfrif<i to be s. yin
liwdri] he is stronger than
ya buwaye ni I am
stronger than you na bu-
n*<nj>>. ka\ spec. s. in war
yargami, ga/rkami ; very s.
(epithet of lion) gadanga ; a
s. man kodayo, yivarzo, pi.
yicaraje-, to be s. bunko sa ;
s. slave kato, fern, katuwa,
pi. katta.
strongly, adv. da karifi.
strophanthus, (usedforpoison-
ing arrows) kwankwani.
strutting, takama; (of a wo
man) made.
stubble, n. kututtura, kutut-
ture, kotuttura; the s. of
guinea-corn, wheat, etc. tu-
shiya.
stubborn, adj. mai-kinji, pi.
masu-kinji, da taurin zuchiya,
da tx<t/j>/<'.
stubbornness, n. tavri, t<i,,rin
zuchiya, t say ay a.
study, v. (to endeavour dili-
gently) yin anniya, e.g. s. to
follow the true path ku yi
anniya ku bi hanyar yaskiya.
stumble, intr. v. tuntsure, yin
tuntube, yin tanyadi ; to s.
against a stone kft.ro da
dutsi.
stumbling, n. sansarifa, sas-
sarifa, shekarakki*, tanyadi
(K.), tuntube.
stump, n., of tree yutsun itache,
gatsa, kori, kivabri, gungume,
pi. gumagumai, yuntu, ku-
tuttura, kotuttura ; a small
stupid
246
sudden
s. tsatsage s. of a leg or arm
/u.
stupid, adj. (wanting in sense)
maras-hankali.
stutter, intr. v. Vina..
stuttering, n. Vinar halshe.
sty, n., in the eye hazbiya,
btinunuwa.
subdue, tr. v. (to conquer, e.g.
a people) chi.
subject, n. (matter) tada, pi.
tadodi, e.g. a s. of enquiry
tadat tambaya.
subject to, to be, intr. v. (to
be characteristically prone
to) turn by means of tarka,
e.g. he is s. to terror ya tarka
razana, see character.
submission, putting earth on
the head as a sign of huruwa.
submissive, ad^mai-ianJkwasa.
submissiveness, n. tankwasa.
submit, intr. v., e.g. I s. my-
self na tankwasa kaina.
subscription, (e.g. a contribu-
tion of food) tarbache.
subside, intr. v. (e.g. of water)
kafe, wuche, fuche; (gen. to
abate, lessen) rage, ragi, ragu.
substitute for something, n.
maimako, maimaki, madadi,
madadin*.
suburb, n. unguiva, anguwa,
pi. unguwai, ungwanai, un-
gunnai.
succeed, intr. v. 1. (to be suc-
cessful) iyas, iyas da, iyar da,
kdrasa, yin zama; iuipers. it
succeeds ya kama, ya yi ; to s.
(as heir) gdda, gdji or gdje.
2. to s. (i.e. to take the
place of another) maya, mayi;
to be succeeded by gada da.
success, dache* ; (in war), n.
ndsara and nasarchi; to
obtain s. (in war) yin nd-
sara, katari.
successor, mamayi.
such, demonstr. adj. 1. (like
that) e.g. we cannot do s. a
thing ba mu iya yin abu kaza.
2. (that referred to, the
naming of which is avoided
by narrator), e.g. ho ! (or
here !) s. a one ya ka mutum
kaza; takethis money to s.and
s. persons ku tafi da kurdin
nan ga mutane kaza da kaza.
suck, tr. v. tsotsa, tsotse, $h ;
to s. a lime or lemon sha
lemu ; (of infants) ska nono ;
to s. in or up (e.g. as a
sponge water), id.
sucked, tsotsatse; a s. lime
tsotsatsel lemu.
sucking, tsotso.
suckle, tr. v. (to give suck to)
goyo, yin goyo, ba nono.
Sudan, pr. n. Sudan.
sudd, (floating grass) tsamba,
damba.
sudden, adj., s. death
suddenly
247
superior
i, ni in ic ; s. action is some-
times expressed by wuf, e.g.
he gave a s. jump ya yi ivuf-,
see quick.
suddenly, adv. da sauki, bum,
iiHtriiaye, manie.
suffer, v. 1. tr. (to endure)
jimri' } (to allow) bari, bar,
e.g. s. me to enter bar ni in
shlga, phr. s. me kiyaye ni.
2. intr. (to undergo pain
or distress) ska wahala.
suffice, v. isa and ishe.
sufficient, adj. ishashe, fern.
i*h<ishiya, pi. isJiashu, also
expressed by appending the
impers. ya isa or ya ishe,
e.g. we have s. bread muna
da gurasa (ya isa or) ya ishe
nt a ; exclamatory phr. s.J
bus, which - say no more ! ;
to be s., see prec.
suffocate, suffocation, v. and
n., see choke, choking.
sugar, xukur*, takanda*.
sugar-cane, n. takanda, rake,
ttrakke (S.), kdran sariki.
suicide, kiskansa (&.),kaskansa
(K.).
suit, n. (claim at law) kara,
q.v. ; to make or bring a s.
burn and kai kara.
suit, v. yamshe, yama, e.g. it
suits me ya </<nnshe ni ; this
dress does not s. me riyan
a a a !><( i(( karbe ni.
suitable, adj. dmdai.
suitor, mai-neman aure.
sulk, to dakile.
sulphur, far a wuta, kibrit*.
sum, n. (aggregate of numbers)
kida or kididdiya; (of a
statement), see substance.
summit, n. kai, kdloluwa,
tsololuwa, bisa s. of hill
kan tudu, tuluwa (K.).
summon, tr. v. kira, kiraya or
kiraye ; to s. to where the
speaker is kirawo.
sun, n. fern, rana, ra, pi. ra-
nuka* ; the s. rose rana (ta
fita or) ta tashi ; the s. set
rana ta fadi, the s. is about
to set rana ta kusa faduwa ;
heat of the s. yumi.
sunbird, sha kauchi ; ruddy-
throated s. janbarde.
Sunday, n. lahadi, Iddi.
sunder, tr. v., see divide.
sunken eyes, one with, adj.
and n. mai-kwarmi*.
sunrise, time of, n. tasawal
hantsi ; cf. it is s. rana ta
flta chim.
sunset, n. futuru, fadawar
(or faduwar) rana.
sunstroke, n. jiri.
superfluity, n. wanji.
superior, adj. mafifichi, pi.
mafijita : this is s. to that
i can in n i Dtafijichi day a wan-
chan-, to express 'this thing
superiority
248
suspend
or this method is s.' use the
impers. yara haka, or fjwama
haka, lit. it is better so, see
also surpass.
superiority, fiydya, fiyaye.
supplicate, tr. v. (to pray
earnestly) bdra, kdma kafa.
support, n. madogara, makari,
tankari ; the last also fig.,
e.g. a king is the s. of the
world sariki shi ne tankarin
duniya ; spec, (pole of house)
yimshiki ; he called for s. ya
buy a gay a ; see also aid,
assistance, help.
support, tr. v. (e.g. as a pole
supports a tent) tokdra, tan-
kare ; spec, to s. anything
with the hand spread out
tallaba; to s. oneself with
the palm of the hand da/a.
suppose, v. zdto, zachi, zache,
tamaha, kintata.
supposition, wasuwasi.
sure, adj., see trustworthy.
sure, to be or make, v. tab-
bata, tabbache ; I am s. na
tabbata.
surely, adv. (certainly) tabbas,
ashe, da gaskiya, da gaske,
gaske, hakika, hakika ; s. is
also idiomatically expressed
by the particle sai as well
as the v. tabbata, e.g. the
people will s. rise mutane
sai su tashi ; he is s. there
ya tabbata nan ; you may s.
assume that he is an infidel
ku tabbata kaftri ne.
surety for a debt, n. lamu-n > :
(a person who is s.) mn'i-
lamuni ; to be or become
s. lamunta, lamunche ; with
ace., e.g. w r e became s. for
the merchant muka latnunta
falke.
surfeit, ginsa ; to cause s.
ginshe.
surging, n., e.g. s. backwards
and forwards in battle dcm-
kakkeniya.
surpass, tr. v. fi, yin fifko,
u-aye (S.), tsere, dado, e.g.
the strength of elephants
surpasses that of camels kari-
fin gwcaye ya ji na raku nnn :
this surpasses that 'ir<ntnn
ya dadi wanchan ; to s. any-
one at his trade or profession
shashe.
surpassing, n. fi, pi. :%'
fifiko.
surpassing, adj. mafi.
surrender, tr. v. (to give up,
resign) sallame.
surround, tr. v. kewayc, fa-
wayi, kewayo.
survivor, the sole s. of a
family barau.
suspect, to tuhuma.
suspend, tr. v. ratu< yin
rataya.
suspicion
249
swim
suspicion, n. >/mAs-/'/w*, tn-
hn IIKI.
sustain, tr. v., see support.
swagger, to ///'// tr,k<nn.
swaggering, n rangwada (S.),
rangaji (K.), tdkmna, yanga,
UK vie (used of a woman)
swallow, n. tmitsewa, tsaij<</r<i,
txetxfiro, chechewa, chichiya ;
the large mosque s. k/rr-
<(<!<> ; the small mosque s.
mashirare, masherera.
swallow, tr. v. hade, hadiye;
swallowing Jmdit/a', the act
of trying to s. L-/r<1r</.
swamp, n. XY//O, ka/an (S.),
tapki.
sway to and fro, intr. v. ran-
<!j i (K.), rfimju'iu/n (S.).
swear, intr. v. natf.^ ,>n<-lu<,
!/in r<i n txn /<<!. *<ih<i. subi, e.g.
I swear by God n rntse da
Allah.
sweat, n. and intr. v. ; see
perspiration, perspire,
sweep, tr. v. shara or share,
sweeping, participial n. shara.
sweet, adj. (to the taste) da
~-'(ki, tutushi, (nice, agreeable,
grateful to any sense or feel-
ing) da ddi/ 1 .
sweetly, adv. da dadi, e.g. the
bird sings s. tsnntsuwa tana
da dadi.
sweetmeat, n.
spec, a s. made from the ay a
reed dakv. ><'<.
sweetness, n. (taste) zaki,
dadi, the last gen. and of
taste too, e.g. thou shalt
taste of its s. za ka sha dadi
nata.
swell, intr. v. 1. kambura or
kumbure; (of a sore, etc.)
kaba.
2. fig. (to be inflated with
pride, etc.) kumbura, e.g.
thou swellest with pride
because it is said thou ex-
cellest all kana kumburawa
wai ka Ji kowa ; the same
may be expressed by means
of chichika (lit. be filled
with).
swelling, kumburi, kumbu-
riya; (with sickness) kabuwa;
a s. caused by guinea-worm
Jiftttf/ftra; a s. on the back
doro; a slight s. on the
body or itch kazuwa, f/uda
(S.) ; a s. in front of a
man's body (elephantiasis)
yuyi; a s. on hand or foot
kakari\ a s. on the foot
kurkushe ; a s. on the throat
hangum* ; cf. also kivikwi,
kullu.tu.
swept, pass. part, shararre,
fern, shararra, pi. shararru.
swim, intr. v. iivo, yin iyo,
swimmer
250
take
futo, yin linkaya ; I can s.
na iya ruwa.
swimmer, an expert yivanin
ruwa.
swimming, n. iyo, four me, lin-
kaya, ninkaya.
swindler, n. mai-zambachi or
mai-zambata, mai-zamba.
swine, n. (domestic) gursunu,
see pig.
swing to and fro, tr. reta-,
intr. wo, lilo.
swinging, n. reto, shillo.
switch, n. (i.e. one for driving
away flies, made from cow's or
horse's tail) izga, tsagiya (S.).
swoop, (e.g. of a hawk) bara
masc., sura.
swoop, to kawo sura.
sword, n. takobi, pi. takubba,
kansdkali ; spec, a s. with a
broad blade findi ; a s. with
a double sharp edge tagomas,
tagomashi, tamga, tamogashi ;
s. with one cutting edge ta-
malaulo ; a cheap, roughly
made s. tdma; a rasp for
sharpening s. magagari ; to
draw a s. zare, zware, zari,
takobi ; a curved s. worn by
Arabs bisalami* ; a wooden
s. pauma.
sword-sling, n. hamlla.
synonym, sauwi.
syphilis, n. chiwutan birni,
tumjere, kaba, kabuwa, man-
gyau, mngy au, manau ..,
maigyau ( S . ), chi i sayi ( K . ) ;
a medicine for s. riga kaji.
syrup, n. madya*.
table, n. rum/a, rumpa, pi. rum-
puna or rumfuna, maida*.
taciturn, adj. (habitually si-
lent) turn by tarka q.v.,
e.g. he is t. ya tarka (yin
kurum, yin shiru, kurum or)
shiru.
tackle, n. (implements, instru-
ments, apparatus) kaya, pi.
kayayeki or kayayaki.
tail, n. ivutsiya ; cow's or
horse's t. used as a switch
izc/a, tsagiya (S.).
tailor, n. madumki, fern, ma-
dumkiya, pi. madumkai.
take, tr. v. gen. (seize, lay hold
of) kama, samu, dauka, dauki,
doka, dau or do, karba, karbi,
amshi, make ; to t. (of an
object running away, about
to escape or resist) kanm ;
(with the added notion of
reaching, overtaking, finding,
samu ; (of taking or picking
up an object from the ground,
a table, shelf, etc.) dauko,
doka, chdfa; to t. up and
carry away kwashe ; to t.
and bring kwaso ; (of receiv-
ing) karba and especially as
an imperative karbo q.v., also
take
251
talk
, ingo (S.); to t. bac
je; to t. (conduct, guicl
kai; to t. (of game, fisl
kama; (of road, way) id
e.g. he took his road (pu
sued his journey) ya kam
hanya ; (of medicine)
liquid sha and hade, if soli
hade] cf. the fire caugh
wuta ta kama; t. an
bring- tariyo*, kankamo ; t
t. a thing to gabata da; to
t. away kai, kawa, kauda
kaushe, kaivas, kawas da
jishe, fige or figi, dauka
doka, gushe, jidadda, tafi da
e.g. he took it away ya toft
da shi ; fUa da, fishe ; to t.
away by force kwache or
kwashe, amshe ; to t. down
(gen.) shida or shide, shido ;
(a tent) node ; to t. for one-
self dauko; to t. hold of
dauka or doka ; to t. in (to
let or bring in) shigas da;
to t. oft' debe or debo, daibo,
fuda, fitas da, fisge, fizge or
fusge-, (garments) tube- to
t. off garments as sign of
grief takaba ; to t. off a load,
etc. zubda ; to t. out fidda,
fUar da, fitas, fitas da, debe,
debo, dlba and daibo, jisge,
fizge, fusge, tmmi ; t. up
and bring it here ! debo ; to
t. a little of gutsura; to
t. to oneself karbo ; to t. up
dauka or doka ; to t. up with
hand or spoon mara ; to t. a
handful dimtso ; to t. care,
heed or notice of tuna da,
kula da; (in proclamations
't. notice that') ji, ji ya ,
saurara, sorara; he was
'taken in' banza ta shashe
shi.
taking away, participial n.
karbawa, amshewa.
tale, n. (story) tatsuniya, pi.
tatsuniyoyi, riwaya ; to tell
a t. riya ; (of fiction, unreal
or false t.) kariya*, fira or
hira, see story.
talebearing, annamimi, an-
namimanchi ; telling tales
against anyone kwarmdto.
talent, n., see ability 2.
talk, n. (= conversation, mutual
discourse) zanche or zanchi,
batu, roshi, and in a less
precise sense magana ; loud
t. dumi, see talking,
alk, v. (converse) zanche, tan-
ka or tamka, the first with
forms in na or with yi, e.g.
I am talking with my friends
ma zanche (or ina yin zanche)
da abokaina, zantawa with
forms in na, yin batu, yin
magana, e.g. we talk in
Hausa muna yin magana)'
; he talks nonsense
talkative
252
taster
shina magana barkatai ; (pa-
laver) ctfamari*.
talkative, very, adj. mai-
garaje* (S.).
talkativeness, saniya*, sururi
(S.), surutu (K.).
talking, participial n. (con-
versing) fadi, fade-fade, ku-
chi, pi. kuche-kuche, zantawa ;
much t. tankiya ; noise of
angry or loud t. tuwgowa,
haya-haya.
tall, adj. dogo, fern, doguwa,
pi. dogaye, zarau, pi. zara-
zara ; the comparative taller
and superlative tallest are
expr. by/, cf. H. Gr. pp. 75,
76 ; at. thin man yankare.
tallness, n. tsawo.
talon, n. akaifa ; spec, inside
of a bird's t. dunduniya.
tamarind tree, n. tsamiya.
tame, adj. (subdued, domesti-
cated), no general term, the
distinction between t. and
wild species being sometimes
expressed by different words,
e.g. t. swine gursunu opp. to
hanzir and gyado ; t. dog
kare and karen gida ; t.
animals bisashen gida.
tame, to lele ; the hyena can-
not be tamed kura ba ta
kiyayuwa.
tameness, n. (easy disposition,
want of spirit) lalafanchi.
tan, tr. v. jemi, jlma, shema,
shima, tuje*.
tank, n., see cistern,
tanner, n. majemi, pi. majema,
mashemi.
tanning, a tree used for, n.
bagaruwa, gabaruwa, patako,
sari.
tap, to (e.g. a pot) kwankwasa.
tapeworm, tttila, tamza, dauda-
chiki.
tarry, intr. v. 1. (to stay)
zamna, e.g. we tarried in
Timbuctoo three months mun
zamna chikin Tumbutu irt<i.
uku.
2. t. for (to wait for),/m/
and jirache.
3. (to delay) yin yauchi.
task, n. al'amari, and in a
general sense aiki.
tassel, tuntu.
taste, tr. v. 1. (to try the
flavour of) dandana and dan-
ddni, e.g. have you ever
tasted pepper? kun tdb <ln-
dana barkono 1
2. fig. (to experience) sha,
e.g. thou shalt taste its sweet-
ness za ka sha dadi nata;
he tasted trouble ya sha
wahala.
taste, n. dandana.
tasteless, adj. Idmi and da
Idmi, da babu zaki.
taster, n. madandani.
tasty
253
tempt
tasty, adj. (of food, etc., nice
to taste) da dadi, da zaki.
tattoo, to kaskasta, shaushauta.
tattoo marks, kanza, see
under marks.
taut, tarn, ta'Dtiui-tnmau.
tax, n. huvmshi, haraji ; spec,
a t. paid on leaving a country
yaraina, Jito ; the latter
also = a t. which used to
be paid to the king in the
Kano market when buying
a slave; a caravan t. fdto;
a t. on cows janyali ; a t.
on an inheritance tirka ; see
taxes.
tax, to tirkata.
tax-collector, n. mai-karbar
garama.
taxes, n. gen. kurdin kasa,
jinya; to pay t. yin jingo,.
teach, tr. v. koya ma, bada
/,'o/yo, karantas da, karantasa,
karantashe, almajirtad <la,
*<inas da or sanda*.
teacher, n. mai-koya, mai-foro,
maforij shaihu*.
teaching, n. (the act of teach-
ing) koyaiva; (doctrine) koya.
teal, the whistling t. jalili,
kirinjijiya, the latter also
= the African tree duck ; a
species of t. kwarra (S.).
tear, n. (also coll. tears) ha-
n-aije with tears da hawaye;
to shed tears yin haivaye.
tear, n. (rent in clothes, etc.)
yayutua, dan barki.
tear, tr. v. (clothes, paper, etc.)
yatja, yage, tsaga, tsdge, tsa-
gayye, chaye, keta, katsa,
katse, keche, kiche, murtsuka,
(mrke, barka, karantsaye ;
to t. out tona and tone ;
to t. to pieces tsatsaga,
fatattake ; to t. up chi-
chira.
tearing, n., e.g. of a gown,
barkuiva, karantseyi, ketuwa,
tsdya.
tease, to dame, ddma.
tease, a mai-fUina, mai-ta'-
adi.
teeth, n., see tooth,
tell, tr. v. (to inform, also to
command) fdda or fadi,
furta*.
temerity, gadauniya.
temper, n. (disposition) hdli,
pi. halaye ; evil t. hdlin mu-
gu ; (irritation, passion) hau-
s'/fi, kumchin zuchiya, e.g. he
is in a bad t. with you shina
jin hfiushinka.
tempest, n. hadari, zirnaniya ;
see storm,
temple, n. (a place of worship)
masallachi, pi. masaUatai.
tempt, tr. v. 1 . (to test or put
to trial) yin jaraba.
2. (in bad sense, to allure,
mislead) rude.
temptation
254
thank
temptation, n. (trial) jaraba.
tempter, n. marude or mai-
rude, pi. maruda.
ten, card. num. goma, pi. go-
miya ; the latter is some-
times used to express mul-
tiples of t., e.g. gomiya uku.
tenant, mai-dro.
tend, tr. v. (to watch cattle)
kiwo.
tender, adj. (soft, in a material
sense) da tapshi (tabshi or
tafshi) ; to be or to make t.
yin tapshi ; the t. leaf danye
or danyi, pi. danyoyi.
tendon of Achilles, dgara-,
t. of foot matsarbaje (S.).
tent, n. lema, laima, bukka, pi.
bukkoki; to pitch a t. kafa
lema] to take down a t.
ndde lema-, spec. t. of skins
or leather only alfarwa, pi.
alfaruwa.
tenth, n. of number, 1. (one
part of ten) ushuri.
2. (one t. devoted to re-
ligious purposes, alms) zakka.
tenth, adj. na-goma, fern, ta-
goma.
tentpole, n. tonkari; shika-
shiki, pi. shikashikai.
terebinth, n. gwinki.
term, n. 1. (limit, end, bound-
ary) iyaka.
2. (the time a thing lasts)
zamani.
termites, (i.e. white ants) n.
gara (also used as coll.), pi.
gdrani, shinge.
terms, n. pi. (conditions, stipu-
lations) shardi, shartu, sha-
ratsa*.
terrify, tr. v. tsorata, bada
tsoro, burga.
terror, n. l.abstr. (the emotion)
tsoro, tsantsanta, matsorachi,
razdni.
2. concr. (an object of t.)
abin tsoro.
test, n. jaraba,
test, tr. v. dandana, dandani ;
spec, to t. anything by smell-
ing it sunsuna; to t. the
weight of a load jijiga.
testament, (with) wasichi*.
testator, wasiya*.
testicles, gwaiwa, marena,
tsugau, tsugwaigwai.
testimony, n. shaida, pi. shai-
dai and shaidodi ; to adduce
t. kai (and kawo) shaida
which also = to bear t., as do
shaida and yin shaida, e.g.
he bore or gave t. ya shaida
or ya yi shaida.
tether, to tie with a long t.
talala.
thank, tr. v. goda, gode, barka,
gaida, gaishe, yin albarka, sa
albarka ; * thank you ' na
gode ma ka or godiya 'no
thank you ' albarka.
thanks 255
thanks, n. pi. godiya; expres-
sions for to give t. are: 1.
(to God) gode, and with yi
or pres. forms godiya followed
by ma, ga or zuica ga,
shukra.
2. (to men) gode, yaba;
for the Engl. phrase 'thanks'
cf. prec.
that, 1. demonstr. pron. point-
ing out remote object wan-
chan, fern. wachan, pi.
(- those) wadanchan ; an
emphatic form = t. one wan-
chananka ; the following =
those as well as t. chan, chana
or (in written Hausa) chan-
anka, e.g. t. lion zaki chan;
nan is also employed in this
sense, e.g. t. business abin
nan.
2. rel. pron., see under
who.
3. conj. t. (in order t.), t.
not (in order t. not), see
order 3.
4. Engl. t., as a conjunc-
tive particle, pointing out
one sentence or clause as
logically the object of an-
other, is unrepresented in
Hausa, which expresses such
a connection, in nearly every
case, by simply placing the
dependent after the principal
sentence. This is so with
thatch
verbs of asserting, knowing,
perceiving, judging, wishing,
commanding, e.g. this woman
says t. she will not go on
machen nan ta che ba za ta
tafiya ba ; I said to them t.
I did not perceive t. I had
been struck by a shot na
fadi ma su ban sani ba aka
halbe ni da bindiga ; I desire
t. you give me my money
ina so ka ba ni kurdina ; he
ordered t. they should' be
fettered ya hakumche a sa ma
su gigar. In the same way
may be expressed a con-
sequence, e.g. he terrified
him (so) t. he fell down ya
tsorata shi yafadi a kas ; he
beat it t. it died ya yi ma ta
bulala ta mutu ; similarly
verbs of causing and the
like may govern a clause,
which takes the emphatic
pronouns, expressing the
effect, e.g. I will make him
run (= I will cause t. he run)
ni sa shi shi gudu ; permit t.
I depart bar ni in tafi.
That, used after to say,
assert etc. cheiva, this use is
however very limited, cf.
domincheiva.
thatch, grass used for, n. bunu,
pi. bunai.
thatch, to, with grass baibaya,
thatched roof
256
thing
bebeya, yin jinka, yin kan-
dama.
thatched roof, n. tonka, jinka.
thatching, a leaf used for, n.
fitta] millet stalks used for
t. maiwa ; a grass rope used
in t. jiniya.
the (definite article), -n, e.g.
where is the woman ? ina
machen 1
theatre, n. gidan tcasa*.
thee, pers. pron., see thou.
theft, n. sata, sani or swane,
wallo*.
their, possess, pron. suffixed
-su, -nsu, e.g. t. towngarinsu;
t. wives matayensu ; separate,
if the object possessed is
masc. nasu, if fern. tasu.
them, pers. pron. suffixed to
verbs and prepositions as ob-
ject, e.g. he destroyed t. yahal-
laka su to t. ma su, gare su.
then, adv. (at that time) sa'an
nan, lokachin nan, yanda,
yatvan da, yayin da, yaanan ;
(t. and not till t. or and t.)
kana*, kan* } kanda*, e.g. do
my work (first) and t. do
your own ka yi aikina kana
ka yi naka (in that case, in
its weakest sense) fa, mana,
e.g. come, t. zo mana.
thence, adv. ddga chan.
there, adv. chan, ddga chan,
ivuri chan, a wuri chan ; t.
is, t. are, etc. akwai, e.g. t.
is a journey before us (tkn-^i
tafiya gdban mu ; I went t.
na tqfi gurin.
therefore, don tvannan, f,
dada.
these, dem. pron., see this.
they, pers. pron. prefixed to
various forms of past tenses
su, sun, suka, suffixed to the
aux. verb of the future, e.g.
t. will ... za su....
thick, adj. da kabri, da
kauri.
thief, n. barawo, fern. har<m-
niya, pi. barayi or fjarai,
mai-sane, mai-sata a t. who
comes in the night kwaro* ;
a receiver of stolen property
dan tugu.
thieving, n. barawonchi, (>-
rauchi, sata, sane or
secret t. ja chiki.
thigh, n. chinya, pi.
katara, pi. katatari, k>n--
fata.
thin, adj. (tine, as flour, dust,
etc.) laushi- (not stout) If/
kabri; (lean, emaciated) n
rame, shalma, siriri, fern.
siririya, e.g. her young were
quite t. diyata sai a rame ; to
become t. rame, yin ram".
thing, n. abu, connective alrin,
pi. abubuwa or abu; (in the
gen. sense of matter, subject)
think
257
thousand
pi. tadodi; things
created talikai*.
think, v. (to reflect, ponder)
faun, tunane; to t. of, or
about tuna da; (to deem)
-v//f>*, zache, tsamdni ; (to
imagine, expect) tamaha
with yi and the pronouns
in na.
thinness, silili (S.), siriri
(K.).
third, 1. ordinal num. na-uku,
fern, ta-uku.
2. fractional num. (one
part out of three) sulusi* ;
two-thirds sulusani* ; the t.
day, i.e. the day after the
day after to-morrow gata.
thirst, n. kishiruwa, kishirwa,
kishi; to feel t.jin kishiruwa,
jin kishi.
thirsty, adj. da kishiruwa (or
kishirwa).
thirteen, cardinal num. goma
sha uku, also ska uku.
thirty, card. num. talatin.
this, clem, pronominal adj.
wannan, pi. (these) ivadan-
nan, wanga, fern, wagga,
trti/ya, warga (S., Zanf.), pi.
(these) wadanga; nan used
for all genders and numbers
usually placed after the word
to which it refers, e.g. t.
woman machen nan ; suffixed
also to the connective is ga,
R. H. D.
e.g. t. house gidanga; t.
town garinga.
thither, adv. of place nan,
chan, u'urin chan.
thong, leather guru, karho
(S.), kangi*.
thorn, kaya, pi. kayayuwa or
kayoyi, karangiya; spec, a
tree with white thorns, from
fruit of which ink is made
farak kaya; a thorny bush
sarkakiya.
thorn-apple, (Datura metel)
zakami, haukat yaro, babba
juji.
those, demonstr. pron., see
that 1.
thou, pers. pron. separate and
emphatic kai, fem. ki or ke ;
prefixed to past and suffixed
to fut. auxiliary ka, fem. ki,
e.g. t., O woman ke mache ;
t. wilt return here za ka
komo ; t. wast stung by a
scorpion an halbe ka da ku-
nama ; the above also = thee
after prepositions and tr.
verbs, e.g. along with thee
tare da kai \ to thee ma ka ;
I saw thee (fem.) na gan
ki.
though, conj. ko da, sai dai.
thought, n. tunani, tunane,
lunani*, pi. tunanu, zdto,
tamaha, ruwa*.
thousand, num. dubu, zambar,
17
thread
258
thrust
alif', a t. cubits mil* (S.) ;
two t. cdfin, alfyan.
thread, n. zdre, mandawari ;
spec, very fine t. arajiya;
coarse t. buruda.
thread, v., to t. beads zura
duwatsu.
threadbare, jula-jula.
thread-worm, kwaraba.
threat, empty, n. narko (S.),
kyachewa, alwashi, kuri (S.),
ruba (K.).
threaten, v. yln kurari, kya-
che (S.).
threatening, n. kurari.
three, card. num. uku, talata;
the latter in counting cowries
often stands for t. thousand;
t. days ago wanshekaranjiya.
thresh, tr. v. ddka, dandaka,
daddaka, sussuka, chasa.
thresher, n. mai-taki.
threshing-floor, n. masussu-
ka, wurin sussuka, mabuga,
mabugiya, pi. mabuyai, fdko,
fagye.
threshold, i.e. a raised ridge
in front of a door, n. garama,
dan-garama.
thrice, numeral adv. sau (or
so) uku, guda uku.
thrive, v. (to prosper) yinarziki.
throat, n. makwaruwa (S.), ma-
kwarwa (K.), makogwaro,ma-
koshi ; swelling on t. makoko,
hangum ; a sore t. mashako.
throne, n. kujeran sariki, ku-
jera, kursiyi, aTarshi ; 'heir
to the t. majiran gado.
throng, n. taro, pi. tarori, see
crowd.
throttle, tr. v. murda, makure.
throttler, n. murdago, mir-
dago.
throw, n. chaka.
throw, tr. v. yas, yasda, jefa,
J e A J e f e , J e fo, e.g. he throws
stones ya jefa duwatsu; to
t., e.g. a spear chdka, ndsa,
ndshe \ to t. away yas, yasda,
ydda, zubas*, zubas da*,
wulga, wurga, kayas, kayos
da, watsar da, e.g. he threw
away his gun and fled ya
yasda bindiga ya gudu; to
t. back mayas* ; t. out (also=
to cast out, overthrow) jefas
da (K.), jefad da (S.), jefashe
(Zanf.) ; to t. with dice jefa
kuriya; spec, to t. (food) into
the mouth hamfude, ham-
fudi ; to t. up and catch chafi.
thrower, a champion t. sttrikin
jifa.
throwing, n. jifa, ndshi, pi.
nashe-nashe ; t. away 'inth/i.
wurgi.
thrush, a yellow-breasted chat
t. gabachara, gwanno.
thrust, tr. v., see push ; to t.
through (pierce) soka, sake or
soki, e.g. he t. their chief
thumb
through with a spear ya sokc
babbansu da mashi.
thumb, n. babban yatsa.
thunder, n. tsawa ; distant
rolling t. chidda ; a burst of
t. or thunder-bolt aradu.
thunder, to yin aradu.
Thursday, n. alhamis or ranar
alhamis.
thus, adv. (in this or that way
or manner) haka, hdkanan,
kaza; the last is also used
(see under so, such) where
the speaker mentions the
way or manner, but the
actual author of the account
avoids it, e.g. he said the king
spoke (t., or) t. and t. ya che
sariki yafadi kaza da kaza ;
(in a weak sense = so then)/a.
thy, possess, pron. suffixed -ka,
-nka, fern, -ki, -nki, e.g. t.
wife matakka, t. husband
mijinki separate, if the ob-
ject possessed is masc. naka,
naki, if fem. taka, taki.
thyself, 1. reflexive kanka, fem.
kanki.
2. emphatic kai da kanka,
fem. ke (or ki) da kanki- see
self.
ick, (insect) kaska.
ickle, to tsikara (K.), tsakara
(S.).
ickling, tsikari (K.), tsakari
259
time
tidings, n., see news,
tie, tr. v. damre, daure, damra,
darmi (S.), tanka, tanke, ra-
taya, balla, sarkafe; to t. up
together lay ache (K.), goya,
goye; spec, to t. up kumsa,
kumshe, to t. the hands to-
gether bankare; to t. grass
in thatching tsdra, tsare; to
t. two pieces of string together
kulla- to be tied together
kullu; to t. in a knot kum-
buche; to t. up a bag tsuke-
tied up kumshashe, fem. kum-
shashiya, pi. kumshashu.
tied, participial adj. sassabta,
ballu.
tiger-fish, (Hydrocyon linea-
tus) tsagye a species of t.-f.
kawara (Alestes dentex).
tiger-nut, aya.
tight, adj. (used of a string) kyar,
(taut) tarn, tamau-tamau.
tightness, runtsi.
Jill, prep, and conj., see until,
till, tr. v. noma, nonti or nome,
maimai.
tiller, n. (i.e. of the ground)
mai-noma or mai-nomi, pi.
masu-noma.
tilt, to t. anything up against
something jitta, kifa, kife.
Timbuctoo, pr. n. Tumbuta.
time, n. lokachi, wakati, wakti*,
wakachi, sa'a, yayi, zamani,
zamanu* ; a short t. zamani
17-2
times
260
to
kddan, jimawa; at that t.
lokachin nan, sa l an nan',
at the t. when he returned
here lokachin da (or stfcm da)
ya dawayo; at what tJ wache
sa'al some t. wani yayi ;
(period, age) yayi, zamani,
e.g. in the t. of the prophet
ga yayin annabi or zama-
nin annabi; his t. is passed
(i.e. he is old) yayinsa ya
wuche; (set t. or proper
occasion) loto, ivakati, wakti* ;
every t. wakati duka ; by (or
about) this t. warhdka ; at
any t. ko yaushe ; at what t.
(when) yanda; at what tJ
yaushel before-time wuri ; in
former times or some t. ago
da wuri or dauri; from a
long t. dadadde; from what
1. 1 daga yaushel since what
t.1 tun yaushel until what t
har yaushel one at a t. guda
guda ; length of t. tsawa or
tsawo; I have not t. to ba n
da dama ; what t. is it 1 ? karif
nawal do not come befor
your t. kdda ka rigaya loka
chinka; see also times, hour
times, pi. (of repetition) sa
or so, guda, e.g. five t. sa
biyar, or guda biyar; how
many t. 1 guda nawa 1
timid, adj. matsorachi.
tin,n. chinkal,sinddari*,shin
dari* or sunddari* ; t. ore
kuza.
nder, n. al/awami.
nge, tr. v. rini, rina.
.nged, pass, particip. rinanne,
fern, rinanna, pi. rinannu.
iinkle, n. dindindin.
ip, 11. (of the finger) dan yatsa,
(of the ear) dan kunne.
ire, v. intr. (to be fatigued,
weary) gdje, gdji, jin gdjiya,
ddgagaji, e.g. he was tired
with travelling ya gdji da
tajiya; we are tired with
over-work muna jin gdjiya
da yawan aiki; to be tired
of waiting kosa.
tithe, n. 1. (tenth part) ushuri.
2. t. or tithes (one-tenth
devoted to religious purposes,
alms) zdka.
title, n. (name, appellation)
suna, pi. sunuwa or sunanaki
to, 1. prep, ga, with pronouns;
gare, used of both person*
and things, e.g. he came tc
me ya zaka gare ni; neai
to the bank of the river kwti
ga bakin ruwa; wa (no
before personal pronouns
specially used after verbs t<
tell ; do not tell anyone Brf<
ka .gaya wa kowa ; ma, aj
plied not to persons but t
things, mostly to pronoum
e.g. to me ma ni, also
toad
261
toil
to thee ma, ka ; ma some-
times expresses the datives
of advantage and interest,
e.g. grant to me an abate-
ment ka yi ma ni rangwame ;
a, found in a few phrases,
e.g. he fell to the ground ya
+'adi a kasa or a kas, some-
times prefixed to gare, e.g.
to thee a yare ka ~ gare ka ;
after verbs of motion etc.
the English to may be wholly
unrepresented, e.g. he went
to his house ya tafi gidansa ;
they swam and came to land
sun iyo sun kai kasa.
2. conj. (in order that, so
that, so as to) in placed im-
mediately before the verb
and rarely used except with
the 1st person, see under
order 3.
toad, n. pasha, kwado.
to-and-fro, going t. yauchi.
tobacco, n. tdba, t.-pipe tu-
kunyar tdba; to smoke t.
shan tdba ; a stick of rolled
t. sandan tdba; seed of t.
plant tamna-gardi.
tobe, n. riga, pi. riguna ; spec.
a black or blue t. rigal saki;
a t. of black or shiny blue
cloth kore ; a red t. jabba* ;
a white t. gare, pi. garuruka,
girke ; a white t. with short,
lined body and wide single
skirt kwakwata, kwakota ;
embroidery on a t. sharaba,
tambari ; the pattern on
front of a t. fuskar riga, kwa-
she, linzamin riga, mumbari ;
double thickness of cloth
in a t. sabdda; for various
kinds of tobes see under riga.
to-day, adv. yau, also pro-
nounced yo ; existing t. mai-
yau.
toddle (or to walk on all fours),
intr. v. dubo dubo.
toe, n. yatsa, pi. yatsotsi or
yatsu, yatsa na kafa; big
t. babban yaisa ; spec, a
disease of the toes kudum-
biya, kumbudiya*.
together, adv. tare, gaba dai,
gaba daya, jeni ; t. with tare
da, garni da, game da ; v. to
put t. tara- to put up t., to
gather t. gangama ; to be
gathered t. (to assemble)
taru ; to come t. with vio-
lence kara or karo ; to go t.
tare, hdda tafiya, e.g. we will
all go t. duka za mu tare ;
keep together ! ku tafi jeni ;
collecting t. jama l a; a hun-
dred rose up t. zango ya
tashi tsaitsaye.
toil, n. (fatigue) ta'ba*.
toil, intr. v., see labour, e.g
he toils after vanity shina
dawaniya da abin wofi.
token
262
tornado
token, n. shaida, pi. shaidai
and shaidodi.
toll, n. humushi (lit. one-fifth),
see tax.
tomato, n., the bitter native
t. gauta, pi. gautaye, gautan
kura, kulufita* ; a plant with
a fruit like large t. yalo, pi.
yaluna.
tomb, n. kushewa or kusheya*,
pi. kusheyiy kushewoyi, wurin
kushewa, wurin bisne, kdbari,
kabri.
to-morrow, n. gobe, kashegari
(K.), wanshekare (S.), cf.
prov. yau da gobe kayan
A llah ; the day after t. jibi,
the day after jlbi is called
gata, that after gata, i.e. the
third day after t. chitta.
tongs, n. aivartaki, hantsaki.
tongue, n. 1. (the bodily mem-
ber) halshe, harshe, pi. hal-
shina, halussa.
2. (a particular language)
see language 2.
too, adv. 1. (likewise) kuwa,
kuma, ma.
2. (more than enough)
express by the verbs faye
and buwaye, e.g. it was t.
severe for me ya faye ni
karifi ; he was t. big yafaye
girma-, he was t. much for
me ya buwaye ni ; t. much
ya faye yawa.
tools, n. pi. kaya or the pi.
kayayeki.
tooth, n. hauri, hakori, pi.
hakora, zaga, pi. zagogi ; a
molar t. matamni, pi. ma-
tamna ; back teeth turame* ;
spec, a tree the bristles of
which are used for rubbing
the teeth dashi ; t. -gaping, n.,
used of one who has lost two
teeth gibi, e.g. shina gibi ; a
t. that has been filed fike ;
eye t. gaboba ; a wide space
between two front teeth wu-
shiriya.
toothless, adj. mai-dasashi.
top, n. kai, pi. kanuwa, kawana \
and kawuna, kororuwa, tso-
lolo, tsororo, pi. tsololuwa,
tuluwa (K.), bisa ; on the
t. of a kan, bisa or a bisa ;
a spinning t. makodi*.
toper, a mashayi, pi. mashaya.
topple over, to, intr. v. yin
kunduma.
torch, n. bakin wuta ; a display
of torches wowo (K.), wawro
(8.).
torment, n. tsanani ; spec.
place of t. for unbelievers
gumki*, gamki*, gwauki* ;
to suffer t. jin tsananta.
torment, tr. v. tsananta, tsane,
tsani, tsananche, hasada, arj
(K.), alja (S.).
tornado, n. hadari.
torrent
torrent, n. korama-, noise of
a rushing t. bandam-bandam.
tortoise, n., a land t. with
convex shell kunkuru ; a
water t. with flat shell or
mud turtle kififiya, yuma
(S.); a small t. kafarji*,
farkaji; the shell of a t.
kit-achiya, kwariya.
toss, tr. v. (of cattle, etc. when
butting or goring) tunkuda,
tunkwiya.
total, n. dokachi (sum or
amount reached by reckon-
ing), see calculation 2.
totter, to, adj. (applied to the
walk of the old or blind)
kutup kutup (of walls, etc.)
karkache.
touch, tr. v. tdba, tdbi to
engage slightly in, id., e.g.
he just touched the work ya
tdba yin aiki.
towards, prep, ga, before pro-
nouns gare, e.g. some men
are coming t. us wadansu
mutane suna zakuwa gare mu.
towel, n. bante, banche, pi.
bantuna, kalkdfi.
tower, bene; a watch t. ma-
bdya (S.).
town, n., a large, walled t.
birni, pi. birane or birnuwa
a small, unwalled t. gari, pi.
garuruiva and garigaru - } a
quarter of a t. shiya, pi
263
transform
shiyoyi, unguwa a frontier
t. kain iyaka.
toy, n. (plaything) abin wargi.
track, n. (beaten path) tafarki,
pi. tafarkoki; a broad beaten
t. rimdi, godabe-, ( a spO or)
lawali let him not go back
on his tracks kdda ya bi
satvunsa na da.
trade, n. chiniki, jaura, ko-
rami, sana'a, fatauchi.
trade, intr. v. yin chiniki to
t. successfully chin kasuwa.
trader, n. falke, fern, falkiya,
pi. fatake, mai-fatauchi, mai-
chiniki, mai-dillanchi*, sam-
bani, tajiri, dan kasuwa,
mashimfidi.
trading, n. fatauchi, dillanchi ;
corn t. kwarami, traders in
corn yan kivarami.
tradition, n. (doctrine orally
handed down) sunna, tariyo*.
traduce, tr. v., see calum-
niate.
trample, tr. v. taka, bijigi,
intensive form tattaka or
taltake, e.g. let us not t. it
under foot kada mu tatta-
ke shi.
transform, tr. v. rikida, sauya
and sawaya, e.g. by the
power of a charm he trans-
formed himself into an ele-
phant da ikon magani ya
sauya kansa giwa.
transformed
264
tree
transformed, pass, particip.
rikidadde, fern, rikidaddiya,
pi. rikidaddu ; to be t. sauya
and sawaya, mayas da, rikida,
e.g. he was t. into a sheep
ya sauya tumkiya ; she was
t. into something or other ta
mayas da wani abu, see also
change 3.
transgress, intr. v. (to do
wrong) yin laifi, (to commit
sin) yin zunufi.
translate, v. mayas da, see
interpret 1.
translated, pass, particip. sau-
yayye, fern, sauyayya, pi.
sauyayyu.
transport, n., oxen used for t.
takarkari, pi. takarkarai.
trap, n. hako, pi. hakoki, fig.
(a thing leading into harm
or error) id. \ a t. consisting
of a hole in the ground
burma or buma*, mashako ;
a t. for wild animals tarko,
pi. tarkuna, burma', to lay
or set a t. hako with yi
or the forms in na; a fish
t. sankuja (K.) ; a t. con-
sisting of a hole and noose
taskira.
travail, n. 1. (severe labour)
see toil.
2. (pains of childbirth)
wahalan haifuwa, nakudar
haifuwa ; to be in t. nakuda.
travel, intr. v. tafi; also tafiya
with yi and the forms in na,
e.g. as we were travelling
much rain fell da muna tafiya
an yi ruwa dayawa; spec,
money paid to a king for
permission to t. garama ; to
t. hard yin haramat tafiya.
traveller, fellow, n. abokin
tafiya, maraki.
travelling, n. tafe, pi. tafifiya.
travelling-ant, n. (or driver-
ant) kwarkwasa, kwalktcasa ;
a red t.-a. makwaiwa.
treachery, tsegumi, pi. tse</>m-
guma, yaudara, kissa.
tread, v., to t. down taka, taki,
take, intens. tattaka, tattake,
bijigi, dabe', to t. upon (to
crush) latse.
treasure, n. wada, wad'<(,
taska ; treasures ajiya, azawa;
royal t. stored up kambi* ;
spec, chamber for storing t.
rafoniya, pi. rafoni ; to lay
up t. taskache; t.-trove galala.
treasury, n. taska, pi. taskoki.
tree, n. itache, iche (the former
is sometimes used as a plural
of iche esp. in Sokoto), pi.
itatuwa; in this sense the
word is masc., a stick cut
from at., i.e. itache is usually
regarded as fern. ; a dried-up,
withered t. koren itache ; a
t. used to hang meat on
tree
jigo, pi. jiguna; a pair of
trees so planted as to grow
into one gdminbauta ; a bent
t. kwandariya, kondariya.
The following are some of
the more common names of
trees found in Nigeria:
various species of ficus, e.g.
chediya, gamji, durumi, ka-
wuri, shirinya, uwar yara,
wa, rubiya-, various species
of acacia, e.g. gawo, dakwara,
farak kaya, tdwasa, dorowa,
gabaruwa, bagaruwa, dundu,
kiriya ; the baobab t. kuka ;
various species of euphorbia,
e.g. kumkumiya, fida-sartse,
fida sarde (S.), kirana, kya-
nara (S.), tiny a ; the copaiba
t. kadaura, maje ; a t. with
yellow hard-shelled edible
fruit (Strychnos spinosa) ko-
kiya; the bloodwood or
African rosewood t. mado-
biya; at. ( Vitex cienkowskii)
from the fruit of which mo-
lasses are made dinya] a t.
(Detarium Senegalense) from
which molasses and gum are
obtained taura ; the 'ebony
tree' kainya or kanya ; a tall,
straight t. dilo; a large t.
with flat, winged fruit (Termi-
nalia macroptera) baushe ; a
b. with yellow plum-like fruit
(Spondias) danya; a large,
265
tree
bushy t. (Zizyphus spina-
Christi) with red edible
berries kurna ; a t. with long
thorns, white flowers and
edible leaves chizaki; a t.
(Zizyphus jujuba) the fruit
of which is made into cakes
magariya; a small t. with
reddish wood and edible
leaves (a chew-stick) marke ;
a small t. from which black-
smith's charcoal is made kirya,
kariya ; a t. from the bark of
which small ropes are made
tawatsa-, the silk-cotton t.
(Eriodendron orientale) rimi,
pi. rimaye-, a red-flowered
silk-cotton t. gurjiya; a t.
the leaves of which furnish a
yellow stain and, mixed with
indigo, a green dye magina
a small t. (Bauhinia reti-
culata) the leaves of which
are often used for wrapping
food and the bark of which
is used as a stain to darken
lips kalgo or kargo ; a t.,
with reddish bark (Hymeno-
cardia acida), used for shed
supports etc. janyaro ; a t.
(African bdellium) the bris-
tles of which are used as a
tooth-brush dashi ; a large t.
the aromatic bark of which
is ground up as a medicine
fasa-kwariya or pasa-kwari -
trek
266
trouble
a t. with fragrant flowers and
leaves and a black or purple
berry (Eugenia owariensis)
malmo, marmo ; the horse-
radish tree (Moringa pterygo-
sperma) zogalagandi : a small,
t. with yellow blossoms, an
infusion of its leaves (Cassia
goratensis) used by women
near childbirth runhu.
trek, to yin tafe.
tremble, intr. v. (with terror,*
cold, etc.) firgita, raura, zaz-
zaga.
trembling, participial n. (from
terror, cold, etc.) raurawa,
kaduwa, adj. form makarkata,
makyarkyata ; t. all over
zazzagawa; t. (from excite-
ment, agitation) kardya.
trench., a hafaru*.
trespass, intr. v., e.g. on a
forbidden area kutsa, see
transgress.
trial, n. (a putting to the proof,
testing) jarabi, jar aba; to
make t. of, v. yin jaraba.
tribal marks, n pi. (cut on
face) shaushawa, kyaskyastu
(K.), kyakkyastu (S.), (cut
from corners of the mouth)
yambaka, see also hawayen
zaki.
tribe, n. iri, pi. irare, kauwi*,
kabila.
tribunal, n. ivurin shari'a.
tributary, adj., a t. stream
hannun rafi.
tribute, n. humushi, gandu,
tuda, biko, jiziya (S.), kurdin
kasa ] t. money kurdin gan-
du ; spec. t. paid by the
heathen tara, taro \ see tax.
trick, n. (dexterous artifice)
wayo ; tricks tvasa-wasa.
trickery, n. (fraudulent decep-
tion) barkwanchi.
trickle, to tardra, tardro, zu-
rare, see leak.
trim, tr. v. (to put in order)
gyarta.
trinkets, coll. kayan ado; see
ornament.
trip, intr. v. tuntsure, yin tun-
tube, the last is used as a tr.
and intr. v. ; to t. a person
up tade.
Tripoli, pr. n. Tarabulus or
birnin Tarabulus.
triumph, n., see victory.
trodden down, takakke, fern.
takakka, pi. takakku.
trombone, kakaki*.
troop, n., see company.
trot, intr. v. (of a horse) kilisa.
trotting, rishi, sakaraftu, sas-
saka.
trouble, n. (distress) wahala,
hawala, tsananta, kinke, alale,
sanadi, sawarwari, tono ; to
be in t. yin wahala ; to feel
t. jin wahala, tangara*.
trouble
trouble, n., one who is in t.
mai-wahala.
trouble, v. tr. wahalda, wa-
halsa, wahalshe, tsananche,
tx'iu.anta, hasada, alale, ar-
k<lna, gayara, kinke, sawar-
wara, shamac/ie, shamata,
fitina, haiyata ; do not t. (i.e.
feel distressed) kada ka wa-
halda kanka; (as a polite
exp. = spare yourself the t.)
kiyaye kanka.
troublesome, adj. da wuya.
trough, n. komi, jirigi, jirgi,
pi. jirage.
trousers, n. (i.e. the loose,
baggy native t.) wando, pi.
""uduna, buje (K.), dunhu ;
two pieces of cloth sewn on
at the bottom of native t.
kamun kdfa; trouser-string
mazargi; t. embroidered up to
the top wando mai-kamu ; a
fold in the waist of t. through
which the cord (zariya) runs
kubaka.
true, adj. gen. da gaskiya, da
gaske, gaskiya and gaske, (of
persons, veracious, sound,
honest) mai-gaskiya; (faith-
ful) salihi*; t. as an adverbial
phr. (i.e. quite right) ainin
as well as the words given in
seq.
truly, adv. da gaskiya, da gaske,
gaskiya, gaske, ashe, ainin,
7 trustworthy
haklka, aiwa, ainin, wallahi,
labudda.
trumpet, n. kafo, pi. kafoni or
kafuna, kakaki.
trumpeter, n. mai-kafo, mai-
busa, mai-shantu (lit. blower) ;
a mounted t. masarchi.
trunk, n. 1. ( a small box,
usually of leather) sanduki,
sanduki (S.), pi. sandukai.
2. (proboscis of elephant)
hdnnun giwa.
3. (the t. of a tree) kore
or koren itache, kututtura.
trust, n. (confidence, certainty
of safety) amdna, shaduda or
saduda, dangana, (a deposit
of money etc.) sabtu, saptu,
sautu, sotu; he betrayed t.
ya chinye amdna, I left
money with them on t. na
yi ma su sabtu.
trust, intr. v., or t. in (i.e. rely
on) dogara, dangana, sha-
duda or saduda, ingata*,
sakankanche, I t. in God ina
dangana da (or ga) Allah;
follow Mohammed, t. in him
ku bi Muhammadu ku sakan-
kanche.
trustee, n. madaukan bashi.
trustworthy, adj. (to be relied
on, depended on) yardaji,
ingatachi*, tabbatache, fern.
tabbatachiya, e.g. this account
is t. wannan labari ingatachi ;
trustworthiness
268
turn
t. language mag ana tabbata-
chiya.
trustworthiness, inganchi.
truth, n. gaskiya ; to speak the
t. ba gaskiya; to establish
the t. gaskata or gaskanta.
try, tr. v. (make trial of), see \
trial ; (endeavour) yin ko-
kari, taba kokari; t. diligently
to follow his tradition ku
bada kokarinku ga sunna tai.
tsetse-fly, tsando, aworo.
Tuarek, n. gent. Azbin, Asbin,
Ba-Azbine, pi. Azbinawa,
Asbinawa.
Tuesday, n. ranar talata.
tuft of hair, n., a t. on the
head tukku, tukkuwa ; t. o.
h. in the middle of the head
zanko ; see hair ; t. of grain
geza, pi. gezuna, tuntu.
tug, tr. v. (to haul along) ja;
see draw.
tumour, kurji, gyambo, jam-
bade, see abscess.
tumult, n. (noisy clamour of a
multitude) hargowa ; t. (e.g.
of war) farmaki) rigima, fal-
maki.
turban, n. rawani, pi. rawunna ;
spec, a white muslin t. with
red edges zabuta; t. of
white muslin harsa, hassa;
white stuff for making t.
mabaras a variegated cloth
used for making turbans,
barmushi ; twisting of a
double black and white
t. round the head barna,
funi; a black and white t.
mahawara ; the winding of
a t. nanndde.
turkey, n. talotalo.
turmeric, gangamau, gcunja-
mu.
turn in, a, at the edge of a
garment, n. shaft.
turn, v. 1. tr. (to move round)
maida ; to t. away from juya
ma; to t. the head away from
kau da kai ; to t. back, or t.
over juya; to t. upside down
jiche, jichi, jirkiche, kifa
(K.) ; to t. over (e.g. a mat,
piece of cloth etc. for the
purpose of folding) linke or
nimka ; to t. round, or t. over
bankada, bankade, kifa, kife;
intr. to t. aside (off the road,
or out of the way) ratsa,
rache, raise, baudi, karkache,
e.g. we t. aside from Kano
mun ratsa Kano ; to t. back
tankwashe ; to t. over kewaye
or kewayi ; to t. round (to
revolve) id., e.g. my head
turned round (of giddiness
etc. ) kaina ya keivaye ; to t.
round (of a single change of
position) waiwaya, waiga,
e.g. when he called me I
turned round and saw him
turning
269
ulcer
da I/a kira ni na waiwaya na
gnu shi; to t. out (to become
eventually) fita, e.g. he
turned out well ya fita na-
gari.
2. (to change or change
into) tr.andintr., see change.
turning, participial n. juyawa,
jujuyawo, waiwayaiva, waige
(K.), p]. waige-waige.
turtle, n. yuma (S.) ; mud t.
k (fifty a.
turtle-dove, n. kurchiya, pi.
kurchecheki and kurchiyoyi,
u-ala, pi. walu.
tusk, n. zaga ; an elephant's t.
/m tt. rin giwa, hanri cf . ivory,
tweezers, matsefata.
twelfth, ord. num. na-goma sha
biyu, fern, ta-goma sha biyu.
twelve, card. num. goma ska
biyu, also sha biyu; t. times
s<tn goma sha biyu.
twentieth, ord. num. na-ishirin
or na-ashirin, fern, ta-ishirin.
twenty, card. num. ishirin,
<ilurin\ in counting by twen-
ties hauya and Idso (= a score)
are especially employed, e.g.
hauya uku = sittin.
twice, numeral adv. sau biyu.
twig, n. tsumanjiya, tsumajiya,
tsumagiya, reshe, rishe, kirare.
twilight, n. (that before dawn)
jijifi alsojifjif, cMjir.
twinkling of an 'eye, n. (a
moment of time) kyaptawan
ido or keptawa da gani.
twins, n. pi. tugwaye, tawaye,
spec, next child born after
twins gambo, gumbo*.
twist, tr. v. gusda, kitso (e.g.
the hair); to t, the neck
nadiye (K.), murda, murde
(K.), mirde (S.), murgude,
kwajjcwume ; to t. thread, etc.
murje, burka, nade, yin nddi,
lauya; (in plaiting rope, etc.)
tubka, tujka, tupka, tumka,
tuMa, darza- intens. form
mummurda ; twisting cotton
round a pin before spinning
kulla.
twisted, adj. a murgude.
twisting, n. nddi; t. of strands
into tli reads ttika, tukka.
two, card. num. biyu ; by twos
biyu biyu; t. hundred dari
biyu or metin ; t. thousand
alfin.
^y^ n ^ kumshi, see tie.
tyranny, alfarma, yaji.
udder, n . nono, pi. nonuwa,
hantsa.
ugliness, kwarjwi, muni, mu-
gunta.
Ugly, adj. da kwarjini, mam-
muna, mummuna, da muni.
ulcer, n. yyambo, pi. gyam .
buna, mele; corneal ulcer
hakiya; see scab.
umbrella
270
undress
umbrella, n. lema*, laima*,
tuta* or tuti*, pi. tutochi.
unabashed, da kwarkwasa.
unable, to be gdza, kasa ; I am
u. to go na gdza tafiya ; they
were u. to overcome sun gaza
isa-, buwaya, e.g. I am u. to
do it na buwaya.
unalloyed, adj. safi; see un-
mixed.
unbaked, an u. pot danyen
kasko.
unbecoming, adj. haram, ba
daidai ; e.g. he did what was
u. ya yi abin da ba daidai ba.
unbeliever, n. kdfiri, pi. kd-
Jirai, kdftrawa ; to become
an u. kafirta.
unbind, tr. v. kunche, kunchi,
kwanche.
unbound, pass. part, kwanche,
fern, kwanchiya, pi. kuntu.
uncertain, adj. da zuchiya
biyu; I am u. ina da zuchiya
biyu ', to be u. yin tantama.
uncertainty, n. (a state of
doubt) kokanto, tambaba, tan-
tama, tachetache.
unchaste, adj., see profligate.
unchastity, 11. zallantaka.
uncle, maternal, n. rdfani,
kawu; (father's brother) bd-
unclean, adj. (dirty, foul) da
dauda, kazdmi; ceremonially
u. haram, da haram.
uncleanness, n. (in a physical
sense) dauda ; (in a wider
sense) kazamta, kazanta,
tozari, jdraba, ja'ira, janaba.
uncooked, adj. danye ; u. flesh
nama danye.
uncover, tr. v. yaye.
under, adv. and prep, kalkn-
shin (S.), karkashin (K.), kas.
underneath, adv., cf. preced-
ing.
understand, v. ji, fahimta or
fahumta*, hankalta> yin
tsimi,. e.g. I u. your words,
I u. quite well na ji ma-
ganakka sarai ; he under-
stood (i.e. you need say no
more) ya yi kdrin magana ;
to u. well intens. sansanche ;
to fail to u. gigiche or gigi,
rudi*, gagata, the last taking
da before object, e.g. I failed
to u. it na gagata da shi.
understanding, n. 1. (compre-
hending, comprehension) fa-
himchi, jiyayya, tsimi, kari ;
(knowledge, cleverness) azan-
chi ; lack of u. gigi, see also
ability.
2. (a good u.) jiyayya.
undo, tr. v., see untie; (to
annul, render vain) wofinta\
(to ruin) bata.
undress, v. debe or debo, tube,
fitas da all with riguna,
etc.
undressed 271
undressed, pass, particip., see
naked.
uneven, adj. (of a surface) da
kurzuna, see rough.
unfasten, to balls.
ungird, tr. v. sunche, e.g. he
ungirded his camel ya sunche
rakuminsa.
ungrateful, adj. butulu, mai-
butulchi.
unintelligible talk, baubawa,
bobawa.
unique, adj. kadaichi.
unit, guda.
unite, tr. v. gama; intr., to u.
closely garwaya.
unity, n. dayanchi* ; spec, to
profess the u. of God tau-
hida* or tauhidi*.
unkind, magaya, magauchi,
pi. magata.
unlawful, adj. da haram or
haram; n., anything u. or
what is u. haram or haramu,
abin haram, shirku ; u. gain
or profit haramiya.
unless, conj. sai, sai ko, e.g. he
is not without reason, u. he
refuses to listen to that
which thou showest to him
ba shi rasa huja ba sai ya ki
jin abin da ka nuna mai.
unload, tr. v. gen. shida or
shide; to u. camels, etc
sabka, sabki, sapka, safka,
sauka, sauki.
until
unloose, katsi, see untie.
unlucky, something u. shu'umi.
unmixed, adj. (pure from ad-
mixture) tsalka, tsatsalka,safi,
kuna ; u. water kuna ruwa.
unprofitable, adj. babuanfani,
da babu anfani, banza, babu
riba.
unravelled, to become u. war-
wari.
unripe, adj. danye or danyi,
pi. danyoyi, danyu; u. fruit
jimbiri (S.).
unsaleable, ya ki sayuwa.
untidiness, barkatai ; cf .
everything in his house is
untidy duka gidansa bar-
katai ya ke.
untie, tr. v. kunta, kunche,
kwanche (K.), sunche or sin-
che, balle, katsi, bainye, banye.
untied, pass, particip. kunche,
kwanche, fern, kunchiya, pi.
kuntu.
until, till, prep, and conj. har,
hal, kamin, prep., e.g. he fol-
lowed the true path u. now
ya bi hanyar gaskiya har
yanzu; conj., e.g. let them
quarrel u. they are tired a
bar su su fada har su gaji ;
sai, prep, with nouns of time,
e.g. u. to-morrow sai gobe ;
u. evening sai mareche these
expressions are elliptical,
some such v. as wait, etc.
untimely
272
usage
being understood before them,
as is the case also when sai
is used as a conj., e.g. give
up delaying u. you are
old bari jira sai ka tsufa ;
kana, kan*, kanda, kamin,
conj. = then and not u. then,
so that the corresponding
English sentence contains a
negative, e.g. don't eat our
bread u. you have eaten your
own ka chi gurasanka kana
ka chi tamu.
untimely, an u. birth kwatan-
tanwa*.
unto, prep, (a strengthened
form of to) ga; with pro-
nouns gare, zuwa, ya zuwa;
in correlative expressions
combined with har, e.g. from
this border unto that daga
iyakan nan har ga iyaka
chan.
untrue, adj. kakari* ; the n.
kariya ( Engl. ' a story ') is
constantly used in this sense,
e.g. whether true or u. I do
not know gaskiya ko kariya
ban sani ba.
untrustworthy, an u. person
danyen kasko (lit. an unbaked
pot).
unwell, adj. rashin lafiya,
maras-lafiya ; see ill.
up, adv. (upwards, aloft) bisa,
a bisa, daf; e.g. the falcon
soared u \> shafo ya tashi bisa ;
he climbed u. the tree ya hau
itache daf daf.
uphold, tr. v. (to support, e.g.
as a tent-pole) tokdra.
upon, prep, bisa or a bisa,
which may also be followed
by ga ; e.g. u. it bisa garesa ;
he got u. the horse ya hau
bisan (or bisa ga) doki.
upright, e.g. I stood u. no,
tsaya daidai.
uproot, to tumbuke.
upset, v. 1. tr. jirkiche, jiche,
jichi, kifa (K.), birkichi or
birkiche ; to u. (so as to spill
water, etc.) zubda, zubda ma,
dole, kikkifa.
2. intr., to u. or to be u.
(of men, etc.) tuntsure ; (of a
boat) durimi, dirimi, dulmiye.
upside down, to turn, tr. v.
jirkiche, jiche, jichi, shiche,
shida.
urinate, intr. v. yin bawali, yin
bowali, yin boli, yin Jitsari.
urine, n. Jitsari, bawali, bowali,
boli.
us, pers. pron. obj. mu suffixed
to verbs and prepositions,
e.g. he called u. ya kira mu ;
to u. ma mu, or with assimi-
lation mumu.
usage, n. (custom) ada, taa<l<t,
tada (S.), pi. tadodi, see cus-
tom.
use
use, n. (utility, advantage, pro-
fit, gain) anfani; e.g. what
is the u. of ink? tadawa
minene ftnf Quintal of u. da
,(tani ; of no u. babu anfani;
a man of no u. mutumen
><<>(} ; I am making u. o f him
nix moronsa.
use,tr. v. (toemploy),nogeneral
term, e.g. they u. flesh for
food abinchinsu nama; they
11. skins only for clothing
rigunansu duka sai da fata
they u. force suna yin tilas
he can u. the axe shina iya
yin aiki da gatari ; (to make
" of, i.e. profit by) anfani
<tfane; (to be wont) verbaj
forms with kan, e.g. he used
to come home at night shi
kan tafo gida da dare ; to be
used to (to be accustomed to)
saba da; e.g. camels are used
to men rakumma sun saba da
mutane ; which do you u. ?
x-anne ka ke moro ?
useful, adj. da anfani, mai-
nfdni; it is u.shinada akiba
useless, adj. babu anfani,
banza ; u. toil wata reran.
uselessly, to work, intr. v.
sunkwiya or sunkuya.
aselessness, n . wofi.
vaunt
uvula, belt, beln, haki
kwadon halshe.
iterus, mahaifa.
itility, n., see use.
H. D.
vaccination, dashin yar-rani.
vagabond, adj. gu jeje, dan
karma.
vagabondage, magi.
vagina, tsele,farji.
vain, adj. (empty, worthless)
banza, kakari, amere ; in v.
barna (K.), banna (S.) ; (con-
ceited) see conceit,
valiant, mai-yaji.
valley, kwari, kware (S.), n ,
see ravine.
value, n. (estimated worth in
money) daraja, antaya, see
price.
vanity, n. (emptiness, worth
lessness) kakari, abin wofi ;
(conceit, foolishness) wauta,
fadin kai, see conceit,
vapour, n . (mist, fog) hazo v.
rising in hot sun kawalwal-
niya.
variance, n. (dissension, dis-
agreement), see discord.
variation, n., see difference.
various, adj. dabam dabam,
daban daban, e.g. v. things
are sold in the market
abubuwa dabam dabam a
say as da su chikin kasuiva.
vase for scent, n. wakiya.
vaunt, to rangwada (S.), ran-
gaji (K.).
18
veal
274
victory
veal, n. naman rtiaraki.
vegetable-marrow, kabushi,
ruguguwa.
veil, n., long v. lullubi, lid-
lube or lillibi, zane* ; a v.
worn over the mouth and
hanging down in front amd-
ivali.
veil, tr. v. lulluba ; refl. to
v. oneself, id.
vein, 11. jijiya, pi. jiwoji or
jijiyoyi, majindya (K.) ', veins
coll. dagura.
velvet cloth, kind of, n. kada-
miskin, karamiskin, mulufi,
yapki, yauki.
velvet-mite, karamiskin, kara-
muskin, karmuskin. .
vendor, of small goods dan koli.
venereal disease, basiru, min-
yau, piyauka.
vengeance, to take, v. rama.
Venus, (the planet) n. matan
tvata, lit. the wife of the moon.
verandah, shirai, shirayi.
verify, to hakikanta.
verily, adv. haklka, an che, ai,
da gaskiya, see truly,
vermin, see tick, etc.
verse, a v. of the Koran, n.
aya, pi. ayoyi ; verses of a
song tsar in maganganu.
vertigo, n., see giddiness.
very, adv. dayawa, most fre-
quently with the expression
thrown into a nominal form,
e.g. he was v. fearful ya ji
tsoro dayawa, etc. ; some-
times this idea is expressed
by repetition, e.g. v. fast, or v.
quickly maza maza', v. slowly
or v. quietly sannu sauna ;
spec. v. red ja wur ; v. black
baki kirin, baki wur ; v.
white fari fat ; v. much (of
habitual actions) is often ex-
pressed by v. faye, e.g. dogs
bark v. much at night karnuka
sun fay e hafshi da dare.
vessel, i). 1. (utensil for hold-
ing anything) tukunya, pi.
tukane or tukwane a v. made
of clay kasko, pi. kasake ] a
v. made of skin tandu; spec,
a glass v. tanyaram.
2. see boat.
vex, tr. v. wahalshe, refl. to v.
oneself wahalda.
vexation, n.haushi;see anger.
vexed, to be, intr. v.jinhau*hi,
e.g. he is v. with me yana jin
haushina; phr. my heart is
v. zuchiyata ta tafasa.
vice, n. 1. (profligacy) z'um.
2. (a defect, blemish) <///;/,
aibu.
vicinity, habarra (Ax.).
victory, n. nasara, nasarcbi,
bijinta ; to gain a v.
with yi or sarnu, e.g.
gained a v. ya yi (or ya
nasara.
victuals
275
wages
victuals, n. <>/>/ if c///, fmvo,
view, n., see sight 2.
vigorous, /wxrt///.
vile, adj. kazami, duniya*.
village, 11. kauye, pi. kauyuka,
villain, n. mai-masifa, muyxn
mutum.
villainy, n. (mischief, wicked-
ness) masifa, mugunta, she-
<j<ntlL'(i, shege*.
vine, wild v. ayana, dafara,
t* I f> ir i kinkinij chibri kinkini ;
edible-stemmed v. (Vitisquad-
rangularis) tladori ; rubber
v. alubada, alibada, chiwo.
vinegar, n. ruwan tsami, yami.
violate, to taka.
violence, n. (i.e. tyrannical or
wrongful v.) tsanani; (physi-
cal force) karifi, e.g. by v.
(by force) da karifi, da tilas.
violin, a musical instrument
resembling a yoye*.
viper, gajera, injihau, tsada-
rh /, kububuwa, sha-nono, see
snake.
virago, kazgama.
virgin, n. buduruwa, pi. budu-
rai, kurkiya, pi. kurkoki,
i, bikira, sagara.
virginity, budurchi, buduru-
wanchi.
visible, to become (of a star)
keto, bullo*.
vision, n., see sight 1.
visit, tr. v. jawnyi ; spec, of a
religious v. to a shrine or
holy person ziyara, ziyarch?.
visitor, n. (guest or stranger)
bako, fern, bakuwa, pi. bakuna,
baki or bakokvmt.
vital, a v. spot makdsa.
vizier, ivaziri*.
voice, loud, n. muriya, pi.
muriyoyi.
void, to make, tr. v. wqfinta.
vomit, v. yin amai, (to dribble)
tumbudi, amaye, yatse.
vomiting, yashi, (e.g. after
drinking poison) bard,
voracious, see greedy,
voracity, n. zoivari, zwari, zarL
vowels, n. hcycttu* ] points or
v. placed above or below
letters wasali.
vulture, n. angulu, ayulu,
augulu, fern, angula, agula,
pi. angullai; the crested eagle
angulun kwakwa; the fishing
v. jayaki, meke, maiki, mai-
kiya, mikiya.
wag the head, to, v. (in token
of assent) yyada kai, also
kdda kai to w. or move the
head (in token of dissent)
kauda kai.
wage war, to, v. yin yaki.
wages, coll. lada, jinya, aldro,
ijdra ; one who pays w. mai-
182
wagtail
276
wand
jinga to pay w. yin jinga,
ijarta; a w. -earner dan ijdra,
dan jinga.
wagtail, madikin kasa.
wail, n. kuka.
wail, v. kuka with yi or the
forms in na.
waist, dunu.
wait, intr. v. gen. expressed by
means of jitna, e.g. w. a little
jima kddan, or jim kddan ',
w. a while sai anjima ; to
w. a short timejinjima; where
the meaning is obvious tsaya
(stop) is often used ; to w.
iorjira, jirache, jirata,jiraya
(S.), tsumaya (K.), yin jin-
kiri, dakata, dakanta, e.g.
I waited for you na dakanta
ma ku, yin ddko', to w., i.e. to
linger ddde.
wait, lying in, n.fako, aranfaki,
kwanto ; a place for lying in
w. mafaka.
wait, to lie in, intr. v. yinfako.
waiting, dakachi, ddko, jinkiri,
tsayi.
wake, to, intr. v. (to cease to
sleep) falka ; tr., to w. one
up tada, tayas, falkad da.
wale, made by a whip etc., n.
kulu t pi. kulayi.
walk, n. (pathway) hanya, pi.
hanyoyi; also tig. of the
religious w., e.g. to follow the
true w. bi hanyan gaskiya.
walk, intr. v. (to move slowly
on foot) yin yawo ; this is
used of the act of walking
itself and of promenading, or
taking a w. ; very frequently
in this sense the plir. ,*///(//,
iska (lit. to drink the wind) is
combined with yawo or bifi,
e.g. we walked for an airing
muka yi yawo shan iska; to w.
about zago' } to w. backwards
and forwards zago, jaicmji* ;
to w. on all fours rarmfe ; to
w. on tiptoe sanda ; to w.
proudly takama; to try to w.
(to toddle) of infants dnhbo
dubbo.
walking, verbal n. yauwa : w.
fast or excitedly gayaim ; w.
up and down in weaving
wadari.
walking-stick, gwalma.
wall, n. katanga, gar/', mnj
(Z.), shirgiya, barza, e.g. if
he comes out his wits are at
the house wall (i.e. at home)
idan ya fito hankalinsa d,
barza ; the w. of a house
built of mud bango, pi. bans
gaye or banguna the inner
w. of a house kwasandi',
a w. round a town go mra:
the grass covering of a w. to
keep off rain boto.
wand, carried by officials, n.
rukuke.
wander
wash
wander, to, intr. v. ; fig. to w. '
from (to stray from) a path ;
*<in Jut a i/a or tafarki ; to w.
aim 1 essly shixh i</< < .
wanderer, If nidi*.
wandering, 11. y<uuca; w. of
animals matataki.
wane, intr. v. ragu, e.g. the
day wanes (or is on the w.)
f 'ft/ift ta rai/n.
want, n. 1. (need, lack) rashi-,
w. of health rashin lafiya.
2. (penury) talauchi, see
poverty ; v., to be in w. of
mud, e.g. he is not in w. of
an excuse ba shi rasa huja ba.
want, to, 1 . (to be without) tr.
v. rasa, kasa.
'2. (to desire) so, e.g. I w.
you to give me money ina so
kit b. ni kurdi.
wanting, particip. (lacking,
devoid of) prelix maras-, e.g.
w. sense maras-hankali ; w.
strength maras-kariji ; w. (in
the sense of short) hilafa*.
wanton, n., see profligate.
wantonness, n., see vice 1.
war, n. yaki, pi. yakuna or
yakoki) gdba*, zaman; spec, a
holy w. jihddi, jahddi ; a civil
w. bnsn-xa ; a proclamation of
w. trit/ara', a charm for pro-
tection in w. maganin yaki ;
a day fixed for w. ranar
<j<iinu ; a large bird whose
cry is considered an omen of
war zakaran dawaki ; v., to
make or wage w. yin yaki ;
instruments of w. kayan ddya.
warbler, grass w. purpur, sari-
kin kadi.
ward off, to, tr. v. tscira, t&lri,
tsdre, tsdro, tsdrima, kdre.
warm, to, tr. v. zdfafa ; to w.
the hands yasa hannu ; refl.
to w. oneself at a fire, and
intr. to become w. jin wuta ;
to w. up food dumama.
warm, adj. mai-dumi, see hot.
warmth, dumi.
warn, tr. v. harbarta, kadarta,
garydda, also yalkadi with yi
or the forms in na.
warning, n. galkadi, yaryadi,
kashedi, habartawa *.
warrior, n. mayctfai, gungama,
jajirma*, zarumi, zarmi, pi.
zarumawa or zarumai, ja-
riw**, sadatuki, sha-bauje ;
fig. (lit. a large snake) yam-
sheka, gamshika; (lit. a black
snake) masasau* ; a boastful
w. guyara* ; a chief w. rago* ;
a strong w. gizgari* ; w. with-
out load, i.e. carrying only
arms sunkuru* ; see soldier.
wart-hog, alhanzir, hanzir,
durunyu.
wash, tr. v. wanke or wanka ;
in pregn. sense w. and bring
back wanko] to w. over wii,h
washed
278
waterspout
water yqfa, yafo; w. well
ktvala, kwara, wanke kalai.
washed, pass. part, wankakke,
f em. wankakka, pi. wankakku.
washing, n., w. (ablution) al-
walla.
washing, w. away zarni.
wasp, n. zirnako, jinako, zinako,
damafijito, rina ; the mason
w. zanzaro, zazaro (S.).
waste, n. 1. (destruction,
harm, loss) bama, banna.
2. (wilderness) daji.
waste, tr. v. (to spoil, destroy)
bdta, bdtas, banna:, to w.
money (i.e. dissipate, squan-
der) bdtas (and kashe) kurdi;
to lay w. yin kadaita.
wasted, pass. part, batache,
fern, batachiya, pi. batattu; v.,
to be w. (i.e. spent) bache,
e.g. the ink is w. (i.e. dissi-
pated, dried up) tadawa ta
1 bache\ (of man, with disease)
yankuxme, see emaciated.
waster, ragyo, see idle.
watch, n. (time-piece) loto*,
sa l a*.
watch, v. tsdra, tsari, tsare,
tsaro and tsdrlma, kulo, yin
shigoro, zura ido ; to w. care-
fully ditba, dubo; to w. cattle
watching, shigoro.
watch-tower, mabdga (S.).
water, n. ruwa, pi. ruwaye,
ruwaiwai; cold w. r it wan
sanyi ; hot w. ruwan zafi,
ruwan dumi ; drinking w.
ruwan sha ; rain w. r" trait,
Allah or ruwan sama ; a sip
of w. guwa ; a beam for
drawing w. jigo, pi. jiyu-n<(,
kutdra*; splash of w.ftntjnm,
bundum-bundum \ v., to
draw w. ^Ym ruiva, kwalfa^
debe and o?e6o ruwa, </nka
ruwa ; pure w. kuna ruic ;
to make w. ?/m fitsari, boll ;
muddy w. gurbatachen rmrn ;
w. which wells slowly up ru>
wan jira; still w. kunnnn-;
the sound of running w.
kur-kur-kur, war-war-? <-r.
water, to (i.e. to give to drink)
shdda.
water-buck, ambeche, dodol-,
yakumba, gwambaza.
water-cress, lafuwa.
water-fowl, a black w.-f. di-
milmilo, dumulmuli (S.).
watering, shadawa,
water-lily, bddo, kola (S.).
water-pot, n. tulu, pi. tula mi;
spec, pumpkin or gourd from
which w.-pots are made diima,
pi. dumaimai, dumame, !/</-
damajjallo (K.).
waterproof, riyar ruwa.
waterside, n. (watering-place)
mashaya.
waterspout, indararo (S.).
watery
279
weaver-bird
watery, adj. da
wattles of a cock, n. /
laibatu.
wave, tr. v. (to move to and
fro) yin shillo, reto she is
waving her kerchief tana
gilgiza kallabinta.
waves, n., of water rakumman
ruwa; heat w. in the air diyal
rana.
waving, shillo.
wax, n. gabduwa* (from the
ear) daudan kun ne ; see bees-
wax.
wax-bill, (bird) rtsisi, baiwar
Allah.
way, n. (road and also fig. of
religion, etc.) ha-nya, pi. han-
//"//'> fvfarki, pi. tafarkoki,
bnb*, tiirba, pi. turbobi; (of
temper, character) hali, pi.
halai, e.g. that is his w.
halinsa ke nan ; in this w.
hakanga, see thus ; v., to go
out of the vv. (to make room
for) ratse; to lose the w.
raffia (or ratse) hanya, kar-
kache to build or construct
a w. gina hanya arid gen. to
prepare a w. yyam hanya]
phr. I know my w. about na
sani duniya.
we, pers. pron. nominative sep.,
e.g. all we or we all mu duka;
we two mu biyu ; prefixed
to past tenses, e.g. we saw
him mm, </a,t shi ; suffixed to
auxiliary of the future and
to the passives, e.g. we will go
together za mu tare ; we were
driven out aka fitas da mu.
weak, adj. rashin karijl, maras-
karifi, babu karifi, kumama,
raunana, dagoyo (Kats.).
weakness, n. kumamanchi,
ramni.
wealth, n. gatanchi, tajirchi,
see property, riches,
wealthy, adj., see rich 1.
wean, tr. v. yin yaye.
weapon, mahalbiyi, see arms,
wear, tr. v. sa* (lit. put on)
used with riga etc.
weariness, n. yajiya, yajf.'>ra,
gajiyawa, angje.
weary, adj. da ydjiya ; v., to
feel w. jin gdjiya.
weather, fine, n. duniya dadi;
it will be fair w. za a yi
sarari ; the w. is bad to-day
yau ba sarari ba.
weave, v. saka ; a frame used
in weaving through which
the warp threads pass after
leaving the all-era, masefi.
weaver, n. ag. masaki, ma-
saka; weaver's loom takala ;
weaver's shuttle masaka.
weaver-bird, the yellow w.-b.
jira; the long-tailed w.-b.
(Vidua principalis) zulaidu,
zulaidi, sometimes called
weaving
280
well
sarikin tsuntsaye ; the black-
headed yellow w.-b. kabare ;
the black-headed w. finch
shaida.
weaving, saka ; to walk up
and down for purposes of
w. wadari ; the pulley on a
loom on which the peddles
work chikalkora ; the wooden
board to which the unwoven
thread of the warp is fastened
kunkuru ; the revolving cage
on which the spun yarn is
wound before w. yaro-ba-ki-
wuya.
web, spider's, n. sumya, shan-
shando (S.).
wedding, n., see marriage;
w. festivities amarchi.
Wednesday, n. ranal laraba,
laraba, larba.
weed, tr. v. yin tsintsuwan
chiyawa.
week, this day w. ydda yau :
to-morrow w. ydda gobe.
weep, intr. v. yin hawaye
see cry.
weevil, a small w. which eats
corn kun-ki-chi*.
weigh, tr. v. auna, auni,
awuna, yin awo, gwada ;
actions are weighed ayuka
awonsit.
weighing, verbal n., anything
for w. with ctbin awo ; any-
thing used for w. ma-anna.
weight, n. 1. (measured heavi"
ness) aivo ; for particular
measures of w. see miskal,
ratal* ; v., to feel in order to
discover the w. of a thing
jinjini ; giving short w. t.<i.-
kure.
2. (heaviness) naiiyi, //////-
iv a*.
weighty, adj. (heavy) da nmi-
yi.
welcome, inter j. used as a
salutation on meeting after
a long time marhaba, mdraba,
barka da zuwa, barka da t/'ut I :
see also under sanu.
welcome, tr. v. (to receive as
a guest) shide, marhabshe,
tarairaiya, tarba, tarbi.
well, n. rijiya, pi. riyoji or
rijiyoyi ; a deep w. rijiya da
zurji, tumniya ; spec, a beam
for drawing water out of a
w. jiyo, pi. jiguna ; v., to dig
a w. gina rijiya ; falling in
of a w. burma.
well, to w. out tsatsdfa.
well, adj. 1. (right, proper,
advantageous) da kyau.
2. (in good health) da
lafiya and lafiya, e.g. are you
w. 1 kana lafiya 1 quite w.
sai lafiya or lafiya l<ni ; he
came back here w. >ja kom<>
lafiya \ to be w. yin lafiya.
3. adverbial expressions
west
281
wherever
are : (of approbation) w. da
k</t< ; (of doubt, hesitation)
w. ! to, aya, aiya ; as w. as
(together with) tare da w.
then (introducing a state-
ment) ddga nan.
west, n. yamma, magariba. *
westward, adv. yammachi.
wet, n. (rain) rutva- cf. seq.
wet, to be, intr. v. (of the
weather) e.g. it is w. ana
ruwa ; it was very w. an yi
ruiva dayawa; (to become
wet) jiki ; (to be wetted or
put in water) a jika tsant-
sama, suma (S.) ; to be very
w. jika sharkap.
wet-season, n. damdna or
damuna; to pass the w.-s. yin
damdna ; see under rainy,
what, pron. 1. dependent rela-
tive (that which) abin da,
e.g. I see what you want na
gani abin da ka ke so.
2. interrog. what 1 mi, me,
mine and minene, e.g. what
has happened to you ? mi ya
same ka ? what shall we do ?
mi za mu yil also adj. wa,
wanene, fern, ivac/te, wacheche,
pi. smva, suwane and suwa-
nene, e.g. what is his name ?
wa sunansal what kind of
bird is this? wanne irin
tsuvitsuwa ke nan 1 see under
who.
whatever, indef. rel. pron.
komi, e.g. whatever begins
will come to an end komi ya
faru za shi shi kare ne.
whatsoever, indef. rel. pron.
komine, e.g. wh. you do, it
will be of no use komine ka
yi babu anfani.
wheat, n. alkama; w. in good
condition alkama tsari ; tuft
of w. geza, pi. gezuna ; ear of
w. kube, see ear.
wheel, n. rumbuwa*, ujala*,
keke.
Whelp, 11. kwikuyo or kurk-
wiyo, pi. kwikuye.
when, adv. 1. rel. da, yanda,
yawanda, yaushe, sa'an da,
lokachin da, ran da, kagada
($.),idan ovizan, kddan, kan,
kamin, four* or kid*.
2. interrog. when 1 yaushe,
wache sa l a, wanne lokachi ;
since wh. ? tun yaushe, ddga
yaushe ; until wh . ? har yaushe ?
whence P ddga ina 1
whenever, adv. ko yaushe, e.g.
wh. he gets up he falls down
again ko yaushe shi tashi ya
fadi kuma.
where, adv. 1. rel. inda, wurin
da.
2. interrog. where 1 ina ?
wherefore P adv. domi 1 dom-
mi or domin mi ? see why.
wherever, adv. ko'ina.
185
whether... or
282
who
whether... or, correlatives yal-
la...ko, ko...ko.
which, see who.
while, a little, n. jima kadan
and jim kadan.
while, adv. rel. tun da, e.g.
while they were speaking
together I ran off tun da
suna yin magana na tafi da
gudu ; wh. they were about
to kill him a wonderful thing
happened tun da za su ka-
she shi abin mamaki yafaru.
whip, n. (of skin) kurfu, pi.
kurafu, bulala, pi. bulalai.
whip, tr. v. yin bulala, yin
kurfu, e.g. he whipped them
ya yi ma su bulala.
whirling, n. juyi.
whirlwind, n. guguwa, used
esp. for dust storm,
whiskers, saje, pi. sajoji; w.
and moustache washefe.
whisper, intr. v. rada, chim-
baya, both esp. in bad sense.
whisperer, n. ag. mai-rada.
whispering, n. rada.
whistle, n., made of horn
kivabura (K.), kwabira (S.).
whistle, intr. v. (with the lips)
yinfeto, yinfito.
whistling, participial n. fe-
duwa, fito, feto, shewa.
white, adj. fdri, fern, far a,
farfara, pi. fdrare, fdru-fdru
or farfaru very wh. fdri
fat j a wh. (i.e. one of a wh.
race) ba-ture.
whiten, tofaranta.
whitened, pass, particip. f<l-
raya, pi. fdrayu.
whitish, (i.e. dirty white) fari
fari.
who, pron. 1. rel. (also which,
the objective whom, and the
rel. that) wanda, fern, wadda,
pi. wadanda, also simply
da ; the possess, whose is
expressed by the foregoing
with the corresponding pos-
sess, pron. suffixed to the
object possessed, e.g. the man
whose camel I killed mutum
wanda na kashe rakuminsa.
2. pronominal interrogative
who 1 (also = which ?) wa,
wane and wanene, fern, wache,
wacheche, pi. suwa, suwant*,
e.g. who is this ? wa ke nan ;
who are you ? wanene kai ;
which are they ? suwane ne ;
which of them? wane chl-
kin su ; which woman among
them ? wache chikin su \ who
is this? wanene wannan ; the
possess, whose? is expressed
by placing the name of the
object possessed in the con-
nective before the interrog.,
e.g. whose daughter art thou 1
(i.e. who is thy mother?) diyar
wacheche ki ke', whose son is
whoever
283
will
he ? dan wa shi ke ; whose
horse is this? dokin wa kenan
3. the adjectival interroga
tive forms are wanne, fern
wache, pi. wadanne ; who is he 1 ?
wanne shi; what woman i
it that has come? wache mache
che wannan wadda ta zo:
what men are these? wadanne
mutane ke nan.
whoever, indef. pron. kowa,
duka wannan da; see soever.
whole, n. dukachi, dukanta,
e.g. the w. of mankind do-
kachin mutane.
whom, rel. and interrog. pron.,
see who.
whore, n. shakaliya, pi. sha-
kalai, karuwa.
whoredom, n. shakalchi, karu-
ivanchi.
whose, possess, rel. and in-
terrog. pron., see who.
why, dependent rel. adv. domi,
dommi, don mi, domin mi,
he did not tell us why he did
this thing ba ya fadi ma mu
domi ya yi abin nan ; in-
terrog. why? domi, dommi
or domin mi, sabilin mi,
mi ya sa, sabad da mi.
Wick, n., lamp w. made of
twisted cotton lagwami, la-
gwani.
Wicked, adj. mugu, fern, mu-
gunya, pi. miyagu ; a w.
person mugun mutum, ma/a-
lachi.
wickedness, n. mugunta, labo,
Wide, adj. da jddi, maifadi,
bikiki, da faski; n., a w.
place yalwa ; it is two cubits
w.fadinsa (=its width) kamu
biyu.
wide-opened, adj . kurkurkur*.
widow, 11. zautvara, zaura,
gwabruwa, jaura, bazawara,
gwamruwa, pi. gwamraye ;
a w. during her time of re-
treat tdkaba.
widower, gwabro, gwauro,
gwamro, jauri, zauri.
widow-finch, zulaidu.
widowhood, zauwarchi.
Width, n. fadi, faski, e.g. its
w. is thisfadinsa ke nan.
wife, n. mata, pi. mataye; spec,
chief w. uwar gida or uwal
gida ; w. of a polygamist
kishiya (q.v.), pi. kishiyoyi;
a favourite w. mowa.
wild, adj., see tame 1.
wilderness, n. daji, ddwa, see
desert.
wile, n., see stratagem.
will, n. 1 . (assent, consent and so,
permission) yarda, (pleasure,
wish, determination) turn, e.g.
work your w. ku yi abin da
ku ke so.
2. (testament) wasichi*.
will
284
with
will, v. 1. (of consent, also
willingness) yarda.
2. as auxiliary of the fut.
za, e.g. I w. run za ni gudu;
he w. return here za shi komo.
willow, rimni, ba ruwana.
win, v. (in gambling) kasa, chi,
e.g. I w. na chi.
wind, n. iska or hiska, pi.
iskoki or hiskoki, holoko* ; a
dusty w. malalo ; the Har-
inattan w. iskan buda; the
w. is now blowing hard iska
yana busawa yanzu da karifi ;
to break w. yin tusa.
wind, tr. v.murda, murde(K.),
mirda, mirde (S.) ; to w.
thread wadarta; intr. (to
coil) nade.
winding-sheet, n. likafani,
likkafani.
window, n. ^i.e. a hole to look
out) sakata, tag a (K.), pi.
tagaigai ; dan kofa.
wind-pipe, n. muriya, pi.
muriyoyi, janai, janyaro.
wine, palm-, n. bam, bami.
wing, n. (of bird)fifike,fikafike,
pi. fikafikai, fukafuki, pl.fu-
kafukai, faifeto, fefeto ; w. of
an insect kallemu (K.); nap-
ping of w. fuffuka, pupuka.
winged, adj. mai-fefeto.
wink, v. kyabta (or kyapta)
idOj jafache, rumtsa ; to w.
with one eye yin kanne.
winking, participial n. kyab-
tawa, kyaptawa, kanne.
winnow, v. tankada and yin
tankade, bakache, sheka, shi-
ka.
winnower, n. ag. mai-bakache,
winnowing, tankade.
winter-season, buda.
wipe, tr. v. shafe, karta (K.),
karche (S.), katse wiping
(e.g. of a dish) katsa', any-
thing used for wiping abin
shafe.
wisdom, n. 1. (sagacious in-
sight) lura, budi, hikima*.
2. (prudence, good sense)
hankali.
wise, adj. in sense of prec. 1.
mai-lura ; in that of prec. 2.
da hankali.
wish, n. abin 50, fata ; a strong
w. guri* ; unless I w. sai
na ga dama.
wish, tr. v. so, nufe or nifa;
to w. for J- ache ; to w. rather
ji so, e.g. I w. this rather
than that na fi so wannan
da wanchan.
wit, cf. I am at my wits' end
dabara ta kare.
witchcraft, n., see sorcery.
with, prep. 1. instrumental,
da, e.g. they slashed him w.
a sword suka sare shi da
takobi.
withdraw
285
woman
'2. comitative, da which is
commonly used with verbs
of motion, e.g. go off w. it
(take it away) tafi da shi ;
(in company w.) tare da;
(near, by) wuri na or wurin,
yuii, e.g. w. the king wuri
'no (or wurin) sariki; thou
must seek knowledge w. the
Mai lams kai dai a nemi
xh uii gun mcdlamai ; (of com-
petition and contest) da, e.g.
he fought w. a certain man
ya yifada da wahi mutum
he made war w. Kaffi ya yi
yaki da Kafi.
withdraw, tr. v. kauda, kau-
xhf, turje, turjo ; to w. the
hand danko ; intr , to w.
from (to move away from)
yusi't, gulgusa or yurgusa,
toy iua, kude (S.) ; to w.
into shelter noke.
wither, v. yaushi, tsotse and
tsotsi, kwake* ; (of plants)
yankwane.
withered, pass. part, shan-
yayy? 7 fern, shanyayya, shan-
y"!l!l" ) spec. w. branches
ktrtibnika ; w. tree koren
itache.
withering, n. yaushi.
withhold, tr. v. haw i.
within, prep, chikin or doya
chikin t tsakari* ; from w.
dfiya chlkin.
without, prep. 1. (devoid of,
wanting) ba, babu, bamda,
e.g. w. doubt babu shakka,
Ixtlm wawa ; with the prefix
maras- compounds are formed
equivalent to the English
prepositional phrase, e.g. w.
shame maras-kumya v., to
be w. rasa, tafe, taji, t.l><\
kasa.
2. (not within) see out-
side.
witness, n. 1. (testimony)
shaida, pi. shaidai and shai-
dodi ; eye-w. shaidar ido ;
false w. shaidar zur.
2. (a person who testifies)
mai-shaida, pi. masu-shaida ;
v., to bear w. shaida with yi
or the forms in ua ; to bring
or adduce w. kai (or kawo}
shaida ; to bear false w.
damre mayana.
wizard, n. maye or mayi, fern.
mayya, boka, pi. bokaye.
woe ! interj. wai, tir, e.g. w. is
me ! wai niya ; w. unto you !
tir da ku ; see alas.
wolf, an animal resembling a
w. (the hunting dog), n.
kyarkechi, kycdkechi, kiri-
kinji, kilikinji.
woman, n. mache, pi. mata,
mutumniya ; young w. ya-
rinya, pi. yammata ; a bad
w. karuwa, shakaliya; a w.
womanliness
286
worse
without a husband basa-ivara ;
a woman's loin-cloth f atari ;
an old w. gyatuma, goma,
yakumba.
womanliness, ivanchi.
wonder, n. 1. (the feeling)
wcba*.
'2. (something wonderful,
a w.) mamaki and abin ma-
maki, ajaba, ajub, kardma.
wonder, intr. v. yin woba, jin
mamaki, sanrara*.
wonderful, adj. da mamaki.
wont, n. (= habit) tada, ada,
e.g. this is their w. ta-
dansu ke nan ; v., to be \v. 5
see accustom 2.
wood, n. 1. (forest) rukuki.
2. (the material of trees)
itache and iche; a little
piece of w. dan itache ; spec.
a long piece of w. tied behind
the ear as a punishment for
thieving kangalai.
woodpecker, green makokofo,
makokofi.
wool, n. muluft or malufi, ulu,
suji, rero*.
woollen, adj. da (or no) mu-
lufi or malufi ; woollen cloth
mulufi or malufi.
word, n. magana, pi. magan-
ganUj zanche, pi. zantatuka,
kalma, kalami*, karatu ;
pleasant words (lit. ear broth)
ronion kunne.
work, n. (employment, busi-
ness, labour) aiki, sh<T(/<ili,
shugala*, pi. shagulgula, t*nr-
fa; coricr. (a production, an
act, a w.) aiki, pi. aiknki ;
net- work aikin ray a; a bad
w. aiki rnugu; a day's w.
wunin aiki; v., to refuse to
w. or to shirk w. ki wuya,
huji ; to start w. kama aiki.
work, intr. v. aiki with yi and
the forms in na; to w. dili-
gently yin sawabe; to w.
uselessty sunkwiya or sun-
kuya; n. unwillingness to w.
sassauclii,
working, n. (action, operative
power) yi* q.v.
workman, n. ag. maaikuchi,
pi. maaikata.
workshop, n. maaikachi*.
world, n. duniya ; the next
w. lahira, yidan gobe.
worm, 11., an earth-w. t<nm, pi.
tanu, tsutsa ; earth-worms
abin kasa; thread-w. kwarabeu
tape-w. tslla; guinea-\v. /,///-
kunu, giryamu] worms in
horses or asses coll. aziumiki,
azurmaki.
worry, tr. v. wahalshe, dftme;
he worried people beyond
endurance ya chika <lni<(
mutane.
worse, comp. adj. maji ntn-
gunta daya.
worship
287
yam
worship, n. (religion, creed)
tuidln-i*; (divine service)
sti/fa ; Mohammedan \v. mu-
sulumchi.
worth, (deserts) ckni<-h/i't<t.
worthless, adj. banza, Ja'ane,
fem. hi' ana, pi. la'ann, 1<t1a-
tache, fem. lalatachiya, pi.
/iifdfatfd, (iina'e, woji, yofi
(S.) ; n., a w. fellow dan
Innr.a, wofin mutum ; to be
w. /(dache, tunkushe.
worthy, adj. kirki, kiriki.
wound, n. rauni, makami,
//////; scar of a healed w.
tal><>, tambo.
wound, tr. v. rauni ; to w.
with a spear chdke.
wounded, pass. part, da rauni.
wounding, jinaya.
woven, pass. part. sakakke,fem.
xitkokkiya, pi. sakakku.
wrap, tr. v. i/af, yafo, sunke,
kunshe*.
wrapper, n. (goatskin loin w.)
walki (S'.), warki (K.).
wrapping, grass, for packing-
salt, etc., 11. burdumi.
wrath, 11., see anger.
wrestle, intr. v. yin kokuwa.
wrestler, n. mai-kiuiche.
wrestling, n. kokuwa, kokowa',
a. w. game gumaza.
wring, tr. v. murda, e.g. they
wrung the fowls' necks suka
mu)-(]a u- n i/an kaji.
wrinkled, to be
wrinkling, n. yauahi, yoxhi.
wrist, 11. wuyan haunx, f*ud-
siyar hannu ; w.-bone idou
hannu; spec, a w. ornament
worn by the heathen w<n'<nn /,
pi. waramai; a wristlet made
of leather and wood d^<i;
w. bangles kttrai*, kambu,
kambuwa, warami.
write, v. rubuta, rn/>nfi', yin
rubutu, rubuclie.
writer, marubuchi, pi. ><///-
l>uta.
writing, n. abstr. rnlmta- or
rnbuchi] a w. board alh>;
concr. (anything written, a
\v.) laija^ pi. lawaye, layu,
takarda, pi. takardu, rubutu,
rubuchi, litafi, pi. litattafi,
Htatafai; a line of w. sha~
f/ftra, shaisara ; spec, writing
from God (used of the Koran,
the Psalms or Gospels) za-
bura*.
wrong, n. (violation of right)
laifi\ v., to clo w. yin Jaifi,
karkache, e.g. he did me w.
ya yi ma ni laifi ; I will pro-
duce proof so that anyone
may see that you are in the
w. ni kawo shaida kowa shi
gani ku ke da lai/i.
yam, n. dnya, pi. doyoyi, i><-
gu-raza ; a y. cooked and
yard
288
young
beaten up sakwara : koko
y. gwaza; a kind of y. (the
Kaffir potato) rizga; a root
resembling a y. tumuku, cha-
kara.
yard, (measure of length) san-
da*.
yarn, (thick cotton) n. abdwa.
yawn, intr. v. mika* ; he does
nothing but y. saishina mika.
yaws, kyambi (S. ).
ye, pers. pron., see you.
yea, adv., see yes.
year, n. shekara,, pi. shekaru,
e.g. how many years old are
you 1 shekarunka nawa or
shekara nawa kana da rai or
shekara nawa tun haifu-
walka; last y., adv. bara,
bariya ; next y. badi ; this y.
bana ; v., to live (so many)
years shekara; y. after y.
shekara da shekaru.
yeast, n., spec. y. made of acid
pulp of the tamarind tsamiya.
yellow, adj. r away a, pi. rawa-
yu, spec. y. needlework on a
bernouse yar-rani.
yes, adv. i, na'am, mddalla*,
yau*, yo* ; to say y. (to as-
sent or consent) kada kai;
see certainly.
yesterday, n. jiya ; the day
before y. shekaranjiya, three
days ago ivanshekaranjiya ;
y. evening jiya da mareche.
yet, adv. har yanzu, e.g. is your
father y. living? ubanka har
yanzu shina da rai ; while y.
tun da, e.g. while they were
y. running tun da suna </ttdit ;
not y. tukun, tukuna with
ba, e.g. he has not y. gone
away ba ya tafi tukuna ba;
I have not y. found it ban
samu har yau.
yoke, put on necks of slaves,
n. karkiya.
yokel, a bagidaje, dan kaui/> .
yolk of egg, n. givabduwa,
(jiranduwa.
yonder, 1. dem. adj. (also = the
one y.) wanchan,iem. wachn,
pi. wadannan, chan or chana,
e.g. on the y. side day a waje
chan.
2. adv. (over there) c/<"//,
chana, ddga chan, wuri chan.
Yoruba people, Hausa name
for ayagi, Yaribawa.
you, pers. pron. (also ye) kn ;
to you ma ku or with assimi-
lation muku.
young, adj. 1. (new, fresh, not
used of animals or men) wlbo,
fern, sabuwa, pi. tabui, sabo/'.,
sababi or sabbi.
2. (of animals) do, conn.
dan, fern, diya, pi. ya, conn.
yan, coll. diya, e.g. a y. lion
dan zaki or dan zakanya;
y. lions yan zakanya; the
youngest 289
hy erica brought forth her y.
kvt'a ta haife diyanin.
3. (of human beings) special
terms are used requiring no
adj., e.g. ay. l&dyaro, pl.yara;
a y. -woman yarinya, pi yam-
iiit<i ] a y. man, see youth,
youngest, adj. auta.
youngling, n. (of animals)
kwikwyo, labubu, kurkwiyo,
ktiyikuyu, pi. kwikuye, kuyi-
kuyai.
your, possess, pron. suffixed to
a masc. n. -nku, suffixed to
a fern. n. -rku, -l.ku, e.g. y.
king sarikinku; separate, if
the object possessed is masc.
iHiku, if fem. taku, if pi.
naku.
yours, (the form of prec.
employed when the object
possessed is not expressly
stated but implied) with
masc. object naku, fem. tabu,
pi. naku, e.g. our horses are
zizyphus
better than y. dawiikumm
sun fi naku.
yourself, yourselves, refl. and
emphatic pron. ; see self,
youth, n. 1. abstr. yarantaka,
yarinta.
2. concr. (ay. from fourteen
to twenty years of age)
samrayi, saurayi, sarmayi,
pi. samari.
Zaria, the town, Zazzau, Zozo
or Zakazak; the people of Z.
Zagezagi.
zeal, n. himma, harama, ha-
zama, yaji*; v., to show z.
maida (or yin) himma.
zigzagging, kurda nan kurd.
zithern, a kind of garaiya,
guraiya, karaiya.
zizyphus, n., Z. spina Christi
kurna; Z. lotus magariya ;
Z. mucronata (buffalo-horn)
magariyar kura.
(JTambrtoge :
PRINTED BY JOHN CLAY, M.A.
AT THE UNIVERSITY PRESS
PUBLICATIONS OF THE CAMBRIDGE
UN.IVERSITY PRESS RELATING TO AFRICA
A History of the Colonization of Africa by Alien Races.
By Sir HARRY H. JOHNSTON, G.C.M.G., K.C.B., Hon. Sc.D. Cantab.
New Edition, revised throughout and considerably enlarged. Crown 8vo.
With 8 maps. 8s. net. Cambridge Historical Series.
Ethnology of A-Kamba and other East African tribes.
By C. W. HOBLEY, C.M.G., A. M. Inst. C. E. Demy 8vo. With
54 illustrations and a map. js. 6d. net.
The Tribes of Northern and Central Kordofan. By
H. A. MAcMlCHAEL, Sudan Civil Service, late Scholar of Magdalene
College, Cambridge. Demy Svo. W 7 ith 19 plates, los. 6d. net.
Brands used by the Chief Camel-owning Tribes of
Kordofan. By the same author. Demy Svo. With 17 plates. 6s. net.
Initia Amharica. An Introduction to spoken Amharic. By
C. H. ARMBRUSTER, M.A., Sudan Civil Service. Royal Svo.
Part I. Grammar, iis. net.
Part II. English-Amharic Vocabulary with phrases. 15^. net.
Vocabularies of the Kamba and Kikuyu Languages of
East Africa. By HILDEGARDE HIXDE (Mrs SIDNEY L. HINDE). Crown
Svo. 3_y. net.
The Masai Language. Grammatical Notes, together with
a Vocabulary. Compiled by HILDEGARDE HINDE. Crown Svo. y. 6d.
A Grammar of the Somali Language with Examples
in Prose and Verse. And an account of the Yibir and Miclgan Dialects.
By J. W. C. KIRK, B.A., King's College, Cambridge, Lieutenant, Duke
of Cornwall's Light Infantry and 6th (Somaliland) Battalion, King's
African Rifles. Demy Svo. js. 6d. net.
The Modern Egyptian Dialect of Arabic. A Grammar,
with Exercises, Reading Lessons and Glossaries, from the German of
Dr K. VOLLERS. With numerous additions by the Author. Translated
by . C. BURKITT, M.A. Crown Svo. IQJ. 6d.
Dictionary of the Hausa Language. By the Rev. CHARLES
HENRY ROBINSON, D.D., sometime Lecturer in Hausa in the University
of Cambridge, Honorary Canon of Ripon. Crown Svo.
Vol. I. Hausa-English. Third edition, revised and enlarged, iis.net.
Vol. II. English -Hausa. Third edition, gs. net.
Specimens of Hausa Literature. By the Rev. CHARLES
HENRY ROBINSON, M.A. Small 4 to. IQJ. Translation, Transliteration
and Notes, without Facsimiles, *.$.
Cambridge University Press
C. F. CLAY, Manager
London : Fetter Lane, E.C.
Edinburgh : 100, Princes Street
644
PLEASE DO NOT REMOVE
CARDS OR SLIPS FROM THIS POCKET
UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO LIBRARY
