:):C::::ONARY
OF
XAT:OXAL BIOGRAPHY
PEREIRA - POCKRICH
f
I'M
..
1 ....... /
D;:C?:OXAIY
OF
SATIOXAL BIOGRAPHY
EDITED BY
SIDNEY LEE
VOL. XLV.
POCKRICH
LONDON
SMITH, ELDER, & CO., 15 WATERLOO PLACE
f
'; Class No.
Book No.
LIST OF WBITEES
IN TOE H)im4WTH VOLUME
(K A. A, , a A, AXTKSW. ' & t I). , . a THN
J. (K A, . , J. a ALOW. B, 1) UOHKWT JHmiw,
1*. J. A,. * . P. J, ANDMIIWW, 0. 11 p. . , o. IL Fumi,
W. A. X A. . W. A. J. AutiHiumn. K K . , , , L< mi>
W. A,. . . WAIWW AHMHWLOWI. J, a j AMMtt
11 li JD, . , . BWIIAW) JUoWMIil,. W. WlWitAM
0. P. It. B. , 0. F. BTOBKIA BAUICMB. II G BIOKAUD GAOKMTT, LIj,!),, 0.1).
M - B MMH BATMBOH, J t 1\ a. . J, T, ^MIMUT, TJ^,!).,
11 B. . , , Tira KBV. EoNAW) BAYNU, A. a T Itav. AM^NDMJ*
T * B TitoMAU BATOW, E, O KDMUND OOHHJC,
0* B. B, . . 0. It BwAr*OT. B, jfl, (j. t . K, B# OJOAVJWJ,
Ij - B LAitrawtii IJIK70W, t X M, a. - TUB X.ATB J, M, GiAt.
G, 0, IX . . a 0, BOAB. j. o, II. , . 1 OUTIIIUMIT HU>X>MH.
T, 0* li . , TUB llwv. Iao, BONHBIT, F.HS. jr. A, 1L , J. A, HAMIOTON,
0. S* D, , * 0* B. BOTOWKB, ' O, A. IL , . 0*
W* B-w, , . MAWB BWOADVODT. B* 0-711. K.
11 IL B. . , Ik IL Bttoim T. F. IL , . X.
II 0, B. . , E. a Bitowm W, A. B. IL W, A S,
W* OJL , . WIIAUK OAUW* W, II, ... TKJB BKV, "VtoiiUM Huwu*
J. W, O-K. . J* Waww OMEK. r. B* J. , . Tio Km. T. B.
A, M* 0. . MnH A. M* Guam 0, L. K* , . 0, 3D,
A. M. 0~, . Mraa A. M. OOOKH. J L , . . , JOBKWI
T. 0. , . . . TIIOMTOOK COOMB, F*SA. J* K. I* . , raoviBHOB X K.
0. H, 0. . . a H. Ooox. B. L, , , . . Mms BJ.WAWIWU
W F* 0* , W. F Oounnw, S. L . . . , SmK IBM.
Ii. 0* , . . IiXOKAb OOIST, PSA , It IL ti. . , liOBIN H
I/ A* 1). * J* A* DOIM, ~X B, I, . , JosfW" KDVABD
VI
List of Writers.
W. B. L. . . THM Itov. W. B, TiowntMU.
J. E. M. . . J. II. MAIH>ONAM>,
B. C. M. . . E. C. MAIWIIANT.
L. M. M, . . MlHS MlDMjKTON.
C, M OOHMO MoNKITOTTHW.
N. M NOUMAN MOOUM, M.1X
G. P, MY, , G, P, MOKUUTV,
J. B, M. . . J, BAHH MCTI^TNOKB.
B, N, . . . * MUM, Ni'JWMAtwir.
A. N. .... AtiBiwr NtcuoiiKON.
G. LMG.N., G. TJK UHYH NOUOATM,
1\ M, O'J). . F, M. O'DoNociiiuw.
J, B. 1>, . , J, B, 1'AYNM.
J, 1)\ P. . J, P, 1'AVNK, MJ>*
A. 1\ I\ * . A, I* 1 . lii,uiu>.
31 1* MtHH ToitTJ-UL
D'A. !,,.. D'Aucy Ptiwwn, F,U,0,H.
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w- E, it, . . w, 11 :
1 J. M. It,
. . J. M KUHL
T. S. , .
* , THOMAS Hr.c-t'oMuw,
w. A, a
, * . W. A, HIHW
C. I<\ 8,
. . MIHH C. Fiat* Hwrni.
B, It. H.
. . 11 11 HuniHiiv.
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G, H IL,
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. WAHWU?K Wiiutu, I\H*4,
D::CT::ONARY
OF
&
XATQNAL BIOGRAPHY
Pereira
,
phurmaeologiat, wa horn at Shoreclitt
Lwulon, on ^2 Mjiy 1804, His fathor,
underwriter at Lloyd'w, was in atraiton
JONATHAN (180U853),
an
. ..... . ,^, T ..,. atraitonod
and Kwoirtt was mint, whon
about, ton yearn old, to a classical academy
in tjtUMjn htriwt, Puwbury, Five years later
lw wan articled to attaval mirgwm and apothe-
cary uanittd Latham, then a general praoti*
ttmun*mthe City 'Road, In ifel he became
a pupil at tho AldoMgate Htnwt general dip-
ptuiHivry, whoro he studied clumuHtry, matm-ia
uhtdtcai and imnlicmtt titular Dr. Honry Qlut-
fwbuck "t|* v, ], natural ijhilosophy under Dr.
(ioorgtt TJirklMick fq v,] ? and botany imdw
pp. William Lamb (17te-1847) [?\<v>] In
IHsi^ Ut wnttjreid Ht. Bartholomew's lloapital,
ami i qualifying as Hwntiato of tlw Society of
Apot!uj(tari in March Ift5$ t whan under
ntnftck(m f wa8 at once appointed apothwary to
th diftptmtery, Ho tlion formoa a students*
ok
Pi
tlt
i for whowe use ho translated the * London
macopteia' of 1824, publlaiuKl * A Swlac-
f Preemptions ' in Engl ili and in Latin,
m 4, (towsral Tahiti of Atomic Numbers
w| n Introduction to the Atomic Theory,*
an HW up a * Manual for Miulitil Stxidents/
wt m\A aftt?rward,witli hit ccmsflnt, edited
by ;John StoggalL Having qualified as a
MIU h iu irtSfi, tui was, noxt year, appointed
lee ir o chamtetry at tho <liftp6nary 7 and
100 fter esafttid for somo years to publish,
dw, tg^much of ^hm time to the collection
of it '* rials for his great work on matarla
wtd In 1B28 he 'became a follow of the
Li;ti |i Society, A powerful man, with an
1 rowi yUmtitutiou, ha wm at atx in the mom-
ing,, atuit for untiny years worked sixteeu
Wwlw d.y He took UMOXLIS in French and
for the purposes of his work, and,
posutoing a vary retentiye memory,
ptatt* noto on aid he ro^d* JCa 1828
Pereira
ho began to lecture on matoria nuidica at
AlcTUirHgata Htrcot, and, nntil nbout 1841, ho
delivered two or thrue lectures (n f (^rT day,
On hid inarriag-t\ in Hopttuhir )H.H^, ho
reign<d to hi brotluir tho pont of apothti-
oary to the diflpemHary, and bogan to practi(t
UR a Burg'uon in AUlorwgato Htroot; but in
the winter of the mnw year ho was mudo
prof(^H8ot of matoria modica in the new
medical nchool which took tho place of the
AldotHgate Street diRpmiBary; and, iu IHiJS,
wa ohoaea to auc<Hied l)r, Gordon as lec-
turer on chemistry at tho London Hos-
pital. His lecturefl on materia xnedica were
printed in the 'Medical Oaswtte' betwaou
IH*)5 and 1887, translated into Gorman, and
rftpubUahod in India. In 18BH ho wa olectecl
fellow of the Boyal Society, Tho two parts of
his mftffnunt &pw, * The Elements of Matevia
Medica.' first appeared in 18$) and 1840, and
in the former year he was made examiner in
mataria medica to tho nnivorsifcy of London.
lie was offered the chair of chemitry and
materia medioa at fit. Bartholomew^ Jloa-
pital, hut deoluied it on being required to
rosig'n all other posts, At this time he wa
making l,000/, a year by his kcturya, and
had ao kr,^e a cfaHH at Aldoragfate Mtrett
that he built a new theatre for them at a coat
of 700/, NevertheloHH, in 1840 he resolved to
leave London for tSKw years in order to gra-
duate at a Scottish university, but changed,
hia plans to become a candidate for a vacant
aasifltant^physicianship at the London Hoi*
pltal. Within a fortnight h prepared for
and passed the examination for the lioentiato-
nhip of the College of Physicians-^*a needftil
qoatifloatioxu Aooufc the same time ha ob-
tained tlbe diploma of M.D. from Erlangen,
and was elected to the post he sought, On.
the foundation of the pharmaceutical So-
ciety in 1842, he gave two lectures
school of pharmacy in Bloonwlmry Haunrt*
on the elementary composition of lood
which he afterwards amplified info a * Trwi-
tise on Pood and Diet, 1 publinhoii in !Hi;i,
In that ywir ho #av tlnvo Iwturna on
polarised light, and, on being ehown the
first professor of matoria tmxliou of tho m*
ciety, delivered the firat complete rourao in
this flubjectgivon to pharmaceutical rlimm"ntH
in England, In 1845 bo bmimo follow of
! Oi*nt (
,,
' f
J*wrtw\
S"irfvN< f
i*i
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vn. *.
AMUtK
* ilf^nun
PKIUOAti
MM, ^ I ^
N,,rmnn fo
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.
ticeasaphyaicU incmam fl h, R rmlialiy
*ave up lecturing, n^m^ Bin chair at tlm
London laspital m 851 whou ho hn*nmo n
^^S=^KS^ w S!ffl"i'^?fi;ir>"vM
>uted : on .Hootw dniKH, if pomhh,, in ,)> , ,), ","". SV;., .1 1 M ,""' V- 1 " 1 !"* 1 ' '"
condition in which thy wwniK>rtii<l ; ,.. ,!,- iv,- /f?, t s ,,', ^i '"" hl "'f > "'
ffliwxl Him both with ihu mii' BW ,,,M 1 : )</,,! ! i'' M , f T r . '''T'"''" ! " 1 "'"'
th flp darf s ,op ; and ,mi,l ,y, iui l t .,n m . '' i ti; E l lir ifn ''''r'' 1 '" "l" l! " ! "^
their botanical, olunairal and hyHioIriir. ' .' t "" "'"'r' 1 '.' "'"* KJin'
i
their botanical, olunairal, and
charttctura His ,H,H<i, tt
perty of the P
carttctura His ,H,H<i, tt Im<-,m t! ,r im, N, , , ''
perty of the Phanuaau,, i,,al M,^ ^ I ; ; C', 'jJftlV ' ?T
medal by Wyon W.IH tn* in hm W ;, W 4 j ^m K, rv 1,1 ,' /'.
by the Plianuawuitiwi.! &wln\ v , ,,,,| tt i. llft ; KM "r? II , N '
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SS^Ss^S:^^^
^Besidoa thirty*i!)vo pupox*" " '* *
Journal, 1
, . , .
'""I ""i!"" 1 ' '". !<
4rl,ri/
~. -m <.*** wv *vn,* *vfn, wnurmn* i
TO8ignd(sontributio, and a tnalti.wi nf
Matteucci'B ' Uotuw <,n tho |'l lyH i tm i j.jj '
Bomenaof Livn ff Hinm/ whi,.| (, '"
intended in 1817, l' wi fm' w rk s LST
1824' iftrt" 011 "V' 118 '1ni"Kf
1_8J4, 18S4, 16mo. 3. ' A th.lm|j,, W I'm.
^ra^w^sWitt^
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fjjf* ''** ** t-wirlif*f tf limwtiii.^
IHAJtmwftnU t f hiii*Hi jtiftfttift; Wl ,
;ii!i Kt ttit |fc y4 j Anift,^ 1!,
Ii>hiiwl*ti.i,i W |f Vftf ;
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numi MWW
Perkins
Perkins
of ( England and Wales, II o rqwatedly
visited Switzerland ami Italy, and also made
an extwtdod tour in Norway ; but his pro-
forewso was for the scenery of the Scottish
inch of steam pressure, was applied to the
heating of bakers' ovens. This has been ex-
tensively adopted ; it possesses the advantage
YI'I"I" i ~"i" - ~-,.jr* -t^' N^w*n* that the heat may be easily reffiilated. It was
Iltgiaands and tho banks oi tho Tweed and patented in 1851 (No. 136(10) and subse-
l^viot. In 1841 httWttHHloctedanaHflociate quontly much improved. He also took out
of the iloyal hcott,ih Academy, and m 1808 a :>atent in 1851 (No, 13042) for railway
h bc,eaim> an academician. He painted also axl es and boxes.
in wator-colourft, and exhibited occasionally He was elected an associate of the Insti-
at the > Royal Academy and other London tut ion of Civil Engineers in May 1840 He
exhibition.*, Ho was a keen and skilful died on L>2 April 1881. at tho ago of oighty-
anfrlw. He died suddenly at 7 Oxford Ter one, His son Loftus IB noticed aoparatoly.
race, Kdmburgh, on 6 Juno 1884', and was -
the National Gallery of Scotland,
[Kilmburffh Bvanmg Gpurant, 20 Sept. 1847;
lioynl Acaclomy KjchibUion Catalogues, 1810-
1821 j British IrtHtitut.mn Inhibition Oat-aloguos
(r<tvln# ArfciatH), IB 10-28 ; Royal Scottish Awi-
dumy Exhibition CatelogueM, 183ft47; Red-
{trAVti'tf Diet, of Arti8t of the English School,
187fl For the son, HUO SVotnman, Jane 1884 ;
" Dut. of Paintttw and Kn^ravow, od,
i arid AtfmHtrtmjj, 1880-9, u, 273 ; Boyal
,.v,.,,,,.,,h Acadoniy Kxhibitiott Catalogues, 18,18-
1884; Royal Academy Exhibition " ' "
', [See aleo PAKKWS,]
PERKINS, A.NG TEH MARCH (1700P-
1B81), yngiiu^r and invtnitor, fiocoml on
of Jacob P^rliinH, was bom at Nowlwry
J*ort f MoM8ftohuH^tU at the ond of the last
century, Lta came; to England la 18^7,
and waa for fiomo time associated with hw
fathw In perfecting his muthod of engraving
bank<*notufly and ox lifting ntoam tmder vary
high proHwtro, Following up the lattor auh-
Jot (MrkjinH introduced a method of warm-
jinpf huildingn by means of hofc water circu-
lating through amall cloned pipcw, which cam
into imtonHiva ua, and was the foundation
of a lttrK biwincwis carried onflrt in llarpur
Btrooty and ub(j[Uttntly in Francis Street,
now Btmford Btrcwt, Gray* Inn Road, tjon-
don, Tho mothod wm improved from time
to tiina, thfl various modifications bin,^ em-
bodbd m patcmtft ffrautorl in 1HIU (No* 6146),
1889 (No, 881 1), and 1841 (No. 9684), IE
1MB he took out a patent (No, 9664) tor the
manufacture of iron by the use of super**
hefttod steam^ which contained the germ of
ubtK{uent diMctovevicw relating to the con-
vemion of iron into steal and the elimination
of phosphorus and nulphur from iron* The
patent ineludfis atoo a number of applications
PERK1KS or PABJONS, STECHEIS-
TOP1I Kit (1 648 P-lCteS), diplomatiHt, master
of roquosts and (loan of (Jarliwlo, is said to
have oeen related to the ancfwtora of Sir
Thomas Parkyns [q, v.] of Bunny, Notting-
hamshire^ though the prociao relationsliip han
not been aoe)rtajn\d, and his name does Dot
appear in the viwitatiom of Nottinghamshire
in 1609 and 1611 (OmnBTim, WwttnimUr
Abbay lighter) p. 120), Ho was horn about;
154JJ, and aeema to be identical with Ohnnto-
phor PorkiiiH whowaw oh^ctetl acholtir at Win-
csluwte in 1555, aged \% (cf. Cal MatfiM
M^\ pt, vi. p. 12SJ),, Tk WinoboHter scholar
should doubtlMS be distinguishocl from Chris-
topher Perkins who bwamo roctor of Kaaton,
In later ymm the system of circulating
^"^ In, cloaod pipai of small iiameter t
up to two t&ou0and pounds per square
,
, in 1559 (KutUY, p, 133), The
diploiwatist waa educated at Oxford, and gra-
duated B.A, on 7 April 1565 ; but on ai Get,
next year he entered tho Society of Jcmus at
Home, * aged 1 JV According to i)o<ld, ho was
an eminent professor among 1 the Jesuits for
maay years ; but gradually became estranged
from them, and at Venice, perhaps about
1585, wrote a book on the society which, in
spite of a generally favourable riew, SMKQS
to have been subsequently thought by the
EnpUflh government likely to damage the
society's cauAe (cf. Cal State Papr$ f J)om,
1594-7, pp. 12tf~C). The book doe not appear
to have baonpubliBhed. About tho eamo time
Burghley's grandson, William Cecil (after-
wards^ second Earl of Kxattw), viaitad Rome j
an indiacroetftxpresflion of protostant opinions
there exposed him to risks from which lie wa
saved by Perkins's interposition, Perkins ia
said to have returned with young Cecil, who
recommended him to his grandfather's favour ;
but in 1587 he was resident at Prague, being
described in the government's iiat or recusants
abroad as a Jesuit (STEYWS, Anmk, in, ii,
590) , There he became acquainted with Ed-
ward Kelley [j^v*], the impoator; in June
1689 t Kelley, aimer to curry favour with the
English government or to discount any re-
relations' PerUn* might make about "him.
Perkins
accused him of being an enmwy of tlu* pp f
and of complicity in a s<*vtmfold plot Jo
murder the quern. Soon afterwards IVrlmw
arrived in England, and fltuww to hart* Inv.n
imprisoned on miajnoion, Ou 1 $ M arch t iW
he wrote to Walsinifham, wprcwin^ a Imp
that Kelloy 'will deal nimwwly with him,
which he doubts if lie follow tho comwul of
his friends and ghostly iathcw, tho Jusuit* : *
he appealed to a eomnumdat ion from Uio
king of Poland oa proof of hw hmo<'<w< ( ( W.
State Papm, Bom* 15H94K), \$ MiuvM,
Thifl seems to havo boon wttnbliHhMl f for on
9 May he was granted ttOOf, for hi <\pmwtH
on a mission to Poland and Prussia (MirttmN,
p, 793).
From this time IVkina wn frtK]untly
employwl aa a diplomatic u#wt to Ihmmnrk,
Poland, the emperor, and Uu^HnnHMtu'
Leagno ; IUH miflHicmB dealt ptimnpaUy wit It
mercantile afl'airfl, in wlticb Iw ijaimul nm
sidorablo oxperUww, In IfiM U wiW ( urn*
"basaador to lUmmarkf ItavingbtM firnt tiuli*iu*
with the king on 4 July, and on *Jt! Ihc\ re-
ceived an annuity of ou hutulnul tnrk for
his fiervictw. }U\ proecHHltul tt l*olft4 in
January 1 502, antl wtw in l)*nmrl( it^nin in
the summer, In J \\m wul July I o! IH ho wiw
negotiating* with tluumiporor ut Pi'it^m*: in
1595 lu^ viAitod Klbing, Liibwlc, ana tb*r
I I'anse towiiH, and Npmit notno tiin<* in Pnlfttul
He sayflho W&B Aocoptablti to th l*oU* gt^n**-
rally, and the king trid to iwhu*i^ htm to
enter hia servica j butthoclorjjfy wwrt* bitterly
hontilo, and tho popn oiT^rtnl 2,(KKI/, for bw
life. Jn 1598 h wan a^ain w*ut ti> t H^unii-rki
returning on 8 Dec, j in 1(100 bt* wm timplovwl
in nopfotiating with tho Dimwit i f ^
Emden, HIM lttttr from abroad,
among the Cotton M88, t mvn n
account of the planaa ha vinitwd,
Poland and the Hanfw town* During tlm
intervals of hi mumionft Iw aotwl an prinmpni
adviser to the ffovwnmimt In itn m^wtiiif.itii
relations with tlb Baltic o<wntriH; oni Jan*
lf>9H be was on a c,ommiion to (itmidt^ wit It-
out apnoal all disputes twtwwn the Mngiluli
and Rubjoctfi of the French king in wfonmtw
to piracies and dapmdationn eomrairtiHl nfe
sea, and on 8 July wan on anothur to iiiijuiw
into and punMt all iitwtfctm of pirate,
His froc uent^ app^aln for pwfran*nt tm
tlwg*rounc of his wviee sncl iruuhnina^y of
his aalary r were answeml by hw atwomttwVtit
m clean of Carlisle in 1605. On *JC) Fub,
1590^-7 h was admitted memlwir of CImy*
Inn, being erronoottily deorlbdi M'cfork rf
the petition to the qui,m and dnan of Oati-
terbuty* (Fosruit, Kq/i*tWi 'x WX On
10 Bept, 1597 ha was ulectwl Wt. : >. for JEttiKm,
and again m l Oct. IWif b fi}iiwily
IVrkins
pnrt uHb' mt'i
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Wit titiHiifi^I hy ttlr*if* fi* |$4i
but 1$** rt{i{ttttfit'it If* JWV titf'tfl
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, i IfW - ! ; Pt**i*r**t Aliiftiii?, f Jko* *
1714; CJiit#r% I^iiiiints if ariiii^* !*Ht*nifT4 4*1*1
Wff,fft!t!ifiir Abtmy llftgtwwf ; U*t***tt*P *ltit|fw
nalMt j Cltflt$iwi"i CStttrt tif I*i*W'W l l,
Brtww, i 1*14; Mtoiirtl*** f*fffi*r* itl?
tarn** I* I ttiTj MHwIfi/* tif
An*liiwilf|lit f iiftiil, till; I* f%t!> tit,
Sli. Kiiw'iftlt'tifl^il^Di^^iKiW ;;
rf lilt D'tilf I j Hi*, lit
Perkins
Perkins
417-18; St,rype' Annals, m, ii. 590, iv. 1-8,
3*0; Whit^itl, ii, 504; Lives of Twelve Bad
Jmm, od. S(cc.ombo, pp, 49-50.J A F P
PERKIffS, HMNHY (1778-18^5).
book collector, was bom in 1778, and be-
came a partner in tho firm of Barclay, Per-
l<m, & Co., brewers, Southward, llo was
oloetod a follow of tho Lmnoim Society in
1H25, and waa atao a follow of the (^colori-
oal and Horticultural Societies, In 1 """
' follow ' there. He -may possibly have been
tho John Perkins who was a g'room of the
royal chamber in 1516, He died in 1/345 and
ia waid to be buried in the Temple Church.
Perkins ia remembered by a popular text-
book which he wrote for law students. 11 a
title to, aa given by Wood, ' Perutilia Tract a-
tufl sire explanatio quorundam capitulorum
valde nooesHariu/ but the first edition pro-
;": "" ""'VM-IM.IO. A** %',*> bably had no titlo-pacfe. It was twin tad in
IL*3S ''tell' i r of a ! T rary at 1 .**" n N <>-^>- Ai SiSKi .-
iSlfmTtS, Ir^'L, 1 !!^ 1 ^' *\ on ^^ m m* m <i *,*! i m?.
inore is a manuscript Knghsh verwon in Brit,
M ua, Harl. MS. 5065, which waamad in the
time of Jamea I. A copy of the book itselif
forma Brit, Mm. IIargrav MS. 5U4. The
fiflomith edition, 'by Kiehard J, Greening
was isHiUKl in 18^7,, Fulbtiok, in his * Direc-
tion or J Separative to the Study of the
1 - *^- - Perkins for law wit rather than
, , ong-,
Surroy, which ho noon enlarged at tho
of Mr. I)<mt 1 collwtion. Mmsrn.
"->*, vij**v'v '*\**i* AT*i*nni,n
John and Arthur Arch of (I) Cornhill, Lon-
<!>u, wore \\wn apptnnted Im buyera, atid
ntpidly supplied him with many scarce and
vntuablo | bm1<M. II<^ di<nl at Dover on
15 April IH/)5, wlwu IUH library came to his
Hut ws Algernon Perkiunof Hanworth Park,
Aluldhw^x, who died in 1870, Theboolw were
wl<l by Uadwlen, KlliH, & Oo. at Hanworth
;m 1 t 4 f>, ami (U uno 187.% tlw* 865 lot* produc-
ing ^0,(KK)/ t> btung the largent amount over
reaiwed for a library of the oatno extent?
tt^u volumn alone gotiw for ton thousand
guinoart* Tho * Muzarin Bibh^' two voliimoa,
printed upon vtillum, jHircluwtwl for 5(MX,
nld for *Vi(K)/, ; anotbor copy t on papor, oh-
tjiimd fiir H)5/,, brought ^( JJ W- J 'Miblia
Hactra Latina/ two vohunu^, pruifcod upon
Yflluin m I4(Ji?,th firwt wlition of thu .Latin
tlw witli a dati^ bought at I font's Halo for
'?, fw^ gold for 7801 Ullm Oovordalo'a
....,J f 141/1, imprfoct f but no ptirfoct copy
known, purcInaHod for 80/ fw,, brought 400i,
Among' th manuBoriptw. John Lydgat^'n
*Ht^ of Troy* on vollum, which coat
OW, liU, wont for l,70/*j '!-, (Kuvres
,* -
Jan de Momi/a flfttionth-can-
tury manuscript of two lumdrod loayaa.
hrought ()/,, and Lea Ctont Hiatoiros de
Trow/ by Ohrintine de Pian, on vollum,
with onci hundred and ftftowi miniatures,
oxeciiited for Philip tha Bold, duke of Bur-
gundy, sold for imL The B(J5 lotn averaged
.iu the ale rath or more than 30& eaoh,
[TimoNi 4, 5, 6 and 7 June 1873; Athenaeum,
1 Mmroh 1873 ;,>p. fl70*80 14 June 1873 pp.
7W&'8; Procd;n^y of Linnean Sao. of London,
lM^-0, p* acliii; Li?re pay& em vent* publiquo
1000 ft*. t au-dwHim, copuU 1800 jtwquU c
u itir k rente Fwkina i Londvea,
linffTHphiOTi par Pbilomneite Junior,
1877; A JJlcwonn-ry of English Book
> pt. il Septemhr 1892,] <J. 0, B.
P1EE1NS oi- FAEKI3SsT8, JOHN (A
jurit, w&6 adttoated at Oxford, but
unirewtity without takiBg a degree*
to London^ ta ww oal W to the bit 01
of a$ a<
[Tanner's Bibl, JBrit.; Greenu)pr*fl Preface to
l'erkin ; Kulbciok' Direction, eel Bfcirliijft p. 72 ;
Wood N Atliontt* Oxon. od, JMip, i, 147- "'
Univ* Oxford (Oxford Hint. Hoc.), i, 149 ; |-
Bcg, Collogii Exoinnsia (Oxford Hit.
P-757.T W.A, J. A.
PJBEKINS, JOSEPH (^ 1711), poet,
born in KJ/J8, wan the younger son of Ueorge
l*rkin of Hlimbridge, UloucoHtorflhirft. He
mutriculat.cd from Oriol Collogo, Oxford, on
10 July 1675, and graduated B. A, in 1070.
After leaving Oxford ho obtained a post a
chaplain in the navy, and sailed to the Alodi-
torrancfian in the Norfolk undor Admiral Ed-
ward liuswell (afterwards Earl of Orford)
[q, v.] lie was very prolific in compli-
mentary varae, and wrote Latin elegies orx
Sir Francis Whaelwr (1007) and otluir naval
worthies ; he wav however, cashiered in the
course of 1097 for having, it was alleged,
brought a falsa accusation of theft against a
naval officer, He wrote a highly florid Latin
dbgy upon the Duke of Beaufort, which was
printed in 1701, and by flattering- vorflea and
dedications, together with occasional preach-
ing t he wan enabled, though not without ex-
treme difficulty, to support a large family*
His efforts to obtain preferment at Tunbrid,je
"Wells and at Bristol were unsuccessful In
1707 ha produced two small yoluniea of
verse : * The Poet's Fancy, in a Love-letter
to Galatea, or any other Fair Lady, in Eng-
lish and Latin > (London, 4to), and * Poema-
tum Miscellaneorum a Josepho Perkins Liber
primus^ (no wore printed) (London, 4to).
Mot of his miscellanies were in Latin, an<l
he Myled himself the ' Latin Laureate/ or, fco
air his Jacobite sympatWes, the ' White Poet.'
Hi tried to curry favour among the non* '
jurow/wid wrote m 17U * A Poem, both in
Perkins
Perkins
English mid Latin, on tlw cleat 1* cf TlmuwH
Kemi'(Briatol,4toi TIwpootWKWhrothiT,
Geor#o, bmuimo in JO vicar of FtviliHiw*
in GloucHlwhir; but ho hiimwlf <lvi not
appear to havo oLtnimni a k<*iduu% <mtl no*
thing; is known of him twlwwiuont to 17 IK
In addition to t!w worlw iwntw , f wo wniwiiH
and several el otfies were acpnratt'ly f
in his uanut,
An tmgrnving 1 of IVrkiiiM by
mentioned by Jwnuloy.
[Works in Ih'itinh Mwwmn; WnttV lt*M
Iwt..; FoNtw'N Alumni Oiotu Hk)0 1714 ; Utiwl,
iii, 199 t if, KttJ,]
jnnl |K*1, $if
dl'uni, !,ftiu!>'n,
ftjiuiriif' t *f f*r
in flt*if tt
a limit f'tl
| Ot*if tmr^v >ifn* MI flip VttiMr.c.^f, I
in
T* W - ****^ Huiumh h>'
% PERKINS, LOMTS , t
gineer and inventor, on of An^icr Mnrrh
Perkins [q, v.j, wan born on H AUy 1HI4 m
Great (Jorum fcUrwt Uwiltw. Xt ti wy
early tt$ ho witorwl bin fathrrV mnnniucf nry,
auc| In 18f>Ji'l lw priu'tinwt nu humwiuuvitunt
as an cu^imior in Nuw York, Ui't turning ft*
.England, h mwawwl \vith IIJH ratlu*r until
IWlii, and from that time to IHIJO lio WJP in
buflinoss At t Jlamlmrg and Hcrlm, <iW^iwitf
xwwny iuHtnllftfitmii ft)r wnnii"
<'-<, tti
, fin
f Jj#'':*i i"*r!tf',ir,^ lp*|,'%
tftfi'fi In iftr frHI
lie apfuiu returned to I'Jn^lant! in
ha tmterediutoapftrtoeftHJup tvitli h$
which coutinuod to tlui death of
In
iillwlr tn lilili n.j
j Jn UH'I It** t**Wt?ttrmr*r| M.A, *,'
1 ft fVlt^W *f lli iv*UiX'% iiti^f ti|nti It it
ft* Wifffftariv rttfiir'*! ainS
in
lln nviflt*, will n|*tHi?ffnl iiTfitfrr sf
C*rtt Ht^Afttiwwjs wlipw* Iwitli i hif
* nml ftp* tMWti^Yitm fWfcifl
Perkins jnhorittxl mudi of tlu* Invwitlw
capacity of his father and jfnuuJfftthr, wnl
from 18/50 downward** h< took out n vory
largo nnnibor of patuntn, f Tlw rhhtf wlj*^t
to which hw directed bin attention wrt , Ji*w
ever, tho UMI of vary high (mwHurti Atwin iw ! iittf' t*,i KitlW (///v Ayirr, nl" |ii|H p' *i\\
a motive poww, and th prculnnticw .if wI*l ' * bin m^imw %ir n.t iilnut fmi I Iw! lltil
llw yat'M Anfchracjt,^, cionMnirtf'fl in lKHt) t ;ibtiIy litmnl tli<| iifwin'** ilnn inif no
was fitted with iawinw working- with tt*iii 'mnnnl hut flint tliM ulniiMtut nm tt*r l muf
at a prefiun* of fivn bundml |H>UW!M rm tin* , tlu*m j Vfttf b*4 mvnm t lm%v H*ifti'iHt tiii*rt
inch, and it la probably tho anrnUwtt. hip tliat ' f fttiKtwrttttK ImMgimmimi^^ Mri^itv
distanco. The Loftun **, ,, nt v .ry n**
axarkable Tyne fonybont, wan w<irkwtVith
compound (wigintwoti luMHyHtotti with iMuI^nt i
tested to Si(K) lb (/%iViw ^ Jtm0 IHHO), :
HIB experimtmte on tho pn>tlu(*tim rf mlel
resulted In the ' wktOB, 1 aoold ehmk*r miit
able for preserving meat wul ofW aiti(iltii
of food. It k baaed on t4m M^pnratitm of "
ammonia gas from tlu> watt*r la wJiir Ji II IN
dissolved, the liquefaction of tha , and
the Bubsequikat waporwatiem of tht* am
moEia, with the mbwrption of tlw p by
the water. This ww hi* last giwit work,
ana his unremitting attention to' Ifc ead
permanent breakdown of hl Ijwtltk'
Pie boamA a membwof tb Infttttntlon of
J\iechanjcal En^inww in 1861, md of '* '
Institution of Chi! Eugir*" ! -
$14
, ., , f ,f - . T< ....^whiili
ai! tf tim^wimn
tlm
ity WIJ lit itH Iiw^ltf , Iw twnrnt* iwlnj
lii^iiif^jf*ib*it ri^Wtiini^ in n|t il$it
>f Mti In t tit* ftmttvr if rmml It*
ft ^WlliWIWilttf^^tl^JIfPWtfl III till* |f
Itw TOl!t*gtt 1 18 Jin, iftnti 7), ! W i!w rw |
to tht* fimfiirt* nf fetir^tiiif Hi; ll* rf
tin* w?rfii*rtfii*f tp f*i"tlisieof tiimiit|| to
flw i**r Iit*tif f*iit*w|iniii ( f i4t0ii
th* trvr Iwtwi4ffir fttitl ^rtwtn of lln
III WAN wdt^Ht U> riwi III Wltii^ll 111*
;jnrty t|ittl$l will wlwfc
-w wwi P*|if*rti*fi to liittt siiri f mm ^ m
tiiaif lut {i|iwia to uwrtt
Perkins
Perkins
language in IUH public climmrena, Lut hw
t by with tlm puritan party continuod
and, according 1 to Bancroft
p* 95J)
no of tlm mombont of a * nynod which in
at St.. JohnVt Oolh k go to ni
vine* tho trout 180 * Of DiHeiplmo* (afterwards
*Tlw I)irootorv f ),att ombocllmont of 'puritan
doctrine which thoHo pronont. pUulgot'' thorn-
wlvofl t,o Hupport. In t.lm mim year ho was
erne of tho pctitionorM to tho authorities of
tho univornity on behalf of Krimew JolutHOu
| t|i v ] a follow of ClmHtX"who hud boon com-
mit turl to prison on aw.ount of IUH advocacy
of a prenbytorian form of dmreh govern-
ment (NTHYi% Afmtil^ iv. 1*M ; IttimthttniG
Jlftift, Ixi I J> 57 ) H in on oft ho seventy
\vith which hiH party wan treated by Whit-
pift, both in the university and olHOwlujrp,
in probably indicated in tho profaeu to hi
* Armilln, Aurea ' (ottitiuna of IfiMnnd 150^),
it boitnu; dat*iHl * iu tho yi^at of tho lant wuflor*
h\$n oi thi Haintrt,* In tho mum pwtiuw ho
roiorn to t'h attatdcM to which h was hitn-
wolf at that tiiMo tixpowod, but ay that ho
holdn it hot tor to onwmntt^r oalnnmy, how-
*vor unMcrupulciuH f than b nilont whon dutj
towards 'Matter Acadoinia* calk for IUH
twfmumy to tho (mtim Uo alno took ocoa*
ition to oxprow in tho wnrtiuwt tonw \m
gratitude for tho honoflts ho. had dorivod
lV(m hw acadomlc Atluoatitm* Tho * Anuilla *
nxttittutf howtnw whomontoppoHition owing
to it imilinahiii^ (klvhuwin, and, ttiscording
to Uoylin (Atnu* Mwlmvw f p* B41), wan
tho otH k ai<i of William ikrroti viol(*nt at**
tiif.k on tho calviriiHtio tonotA front tho pulpit
of Ht- iMaryVlm^mHttHT.WiriLiAM^. mm];
but tho work moro oupocnally inded out by
tht\ pr^achor for mvectiw ww i*orkina*s l Ex-
poHition of tlm Apontlon 1 OroV just ifutu^d
(Awil 1505) frotti tho univemity pwias, in
which tho writor ^nturnd to impugn the
of tlu* <loHent into hail
Apuwt tho diHunct-iva toneta of the
oinari churoh f IWkius bor uniformly
oitiphatio ttwtiwony ; and tho publication of
lii 'Itoformod GatlioHko 1 in 1507 was an
ittt|i>rtttit i*vent In relation to thft whole
II s horn sought to draw^th
iridiouting the owential points
ei) bwtwwm th ^rotoatant and the
Ilornan blif, beyond whiph it appeared ^to
lum imptmblo for conGtwaion ana eonctliar
tlon on tlw ^art of thu rtrformed churches to
Tho luility and candid spirit of this
m wore ri,icogised by the moflt t oom-
,;iti%w of both partly and William
^f|, tA th& eathollc writer, altbougli
,hs wwled tat book to Mi * Catholic D^
formed/ was lain to admit that ho had * not,
H^cme any hook of like quantity, published
by a IVot (\s1ant, to contain either more
matter, or dtUvord in bettor mothod ; ' "vvhilo
Hobort Abbot [q, v,], aftorwardfl bishop of
Snlittbury, in his reply to Biahop,praiHo Per-
kinH'rt * great trauoll and painos for the
furtherance af true religion and edifying of
the Church/
PwkiniH 1 ** timnro of Ins followahi'p at
OhnHt'a continiuHl until Michaohniu) ] 594,
whim itwa8">rolmbly vacated by his inarritigo.
Ho diod in ,,00^^ having long been a martyr
to tho Btono, 11,6 was interred in St. An-
drftw'fi church at the oxpenwe of his eollog 1 ^,
which honoured his memory by a stately
funoml. The Mormon on tho occasion was
'jmmcluHl by Jamoft Montng'u (lf){i8P,l61H)
i t (j[, v* ] t maatw of Sidnoy-SiiHHOX (lollc^, who
liad boon a fbllow-cotmnouor at (1hrtHt 1 s,and
ono of rorkins'w warnuwt ch^fondc^m against
tho attack of Pot or Bare [q. y,] 1 1 IH will was
proved, 1 22 Jan. HJOi? % by his widow, whoso
namo wti Timothio, in tho court of tho vice-
chiincollojc* To hor ho bc^tioathod his small
cmtatt) in Oambri<l^ y and appointed his
fonnnr tutor, Lauronco Ohadcrton, Edward
Harwell, Jama Mtmt'ftg'tt, Hicharcl Foxcroft,
and Nittliauit^ Oradocko (his brother-in-law)
IUM oxocutors. To hia father and mother,
' bn^thrm and aiBtors^ 1 he loft a lospacy of ton
sli i 11 i n tf H each . Of h ia broth or t Tho tii as Por-
kins 0i M araton, dasoemdanta in a direct line
aro Bttll Hving,
l\wkinB*H reputation as a teacher climng tho
cloning* yoars of his Ufa waa unrivallod in
th ttnivorflifcr, and iew students of theology
quitted Cfimbrklgo without having^ sought
to profit in Boma maaaure by bis instruc-
tion ; while as a writer h continued to be
utudied throughout the aovent^onth con-
tury as an authority but little inferior to
IJooktr ot OalfiB, William Ames [^.v]
was perhaps bis most etniricmt disciplo; but
John'Iiobmson [q. v*] f the foundor 'of^oon-
gragat-ionaliflwa at Leaden* who ropublifthed
l^ncinfl^ catochiam in that city, diilunad
hia influence probably over a widw area;
while Phinoas Fltitohor [q, v,] f who may
have board Mm lecture in, tho last year
of hin Mfo, refers to him iua his * Miscel-
lanies ' thirty years later as * out wonder,*
'living; though long dead/ Joseph Mead or
Mode \A v,], Bishop Richard Montagu [q. y,l
Uwhar, Bramhall (in Ms controversy with
the bifttun of Ohalcedon, William Biabop),
Herbert ChomdOi^ Be^'jamiu, Oalantiy, and
not a few other dlfltinguished ornaments of
both parties in, the church^ all cite, with wore
or lew frequency, his dicta, aa authotitativo*
By Arwini as h wa assailed In his * IQxamon *
Perkins 8 Perkins
with somo acrimony; ami llobtiw tlttwjiiftfitfifTt^tmv4 f^?inr4 in f.^
singled out hia doctrine of prinKstmiititm IM p, .147,
virtual fatalism. J t JtoKpr MS, \l */;?/ i - it, t*i;si| f| f
The observation of Fuller that tt wn lie aft* *nfiwls frw til?* r>vJ>t r'!/iu',:
who * first humbled the! owormg'wmihif ioiw Ittn family ; hut t?;nv app^ f, t j tt ,
of philosophers into practice* ana morality * yurtlnrHt wurritttt fW nvuif*^**? ?lwt \w
indicates 'the real eowt of Pwkiiw'f* fW in tiny wy r'1ii*l t* Sr ilsmMjiVr J
marJsable influence, While ho conriltAtful feiti*^,, v. '* *!<*nn nf r#rh'<ir*.
the scholarship of his tuu"va,wity l\y hi r'* Of lu*t rttitivf^l %iMrl< *>+rv ii^*wij't|>
tention of tlio HcholaHtic niHliorl in hw trtnt* wliliw*mj|('frtlf I 'iufthfi*)tfi<tM li*i\
meat of qnostionw of divinity, lu* iilmnfltrnwl l(Ut{ JiK^y; n m^tr nttni^fff i*fitti^ ;i
the abstruse and tinprofitahlo ttpkv* iln folii^ hOM, JekH IilU 1 ; f txititdttt in
nHiiallysoloctodfor diHCUHMon in fho^chiMtl^ 101;*, lllfil; tif (*ntim$ in ttfitt, (M|
and by hisHolwmn and impa*mnnpd tlfcrottrfw L 1 vul-i, Il!|| 1H fttul 111;? I; i)if*J
onthexnaindocitrhu'of( 1 hritint!uwdo^y*" timi iif Atrptrf4jittt* *l ^H), |"**| |i?4*
conceived, in hi own phniw% M MluH<i*m<* ' Tli* vMH^ifn) rnlifmittt *
of living bliwHtidly for ovor * ( /l/*?vi///rWf%^ ' L^i
p. 1 ) ho won tlwwir of a laf^r tttt*litr*, \\'^
i\lethocl and fervour promnitiHl t1it 4 iM*h ( fH ill 'pliri
lus writing in mv comlmmtion; ami Am*H < 'rttnbrtil^r, l'4*i! ils$'4 r t lf;H;,< n
(Ad Lect, iu thp De Twww/j/w) >\pr<^iiv ti4 ly TliMhini* Tidi\ if^n'l^t^ i
slates that, in his wid(Mixprrii'nriMf nmt i" *. * t* IV<'*HnnMim in s %| S t .? \,r/
ntntal churcha IJB had frequently Inul tw- Ar.^VimhritV', I.V.l^; |lft,-l^ I*VJ?t, m
caaion to di^loro ilm want of a lf'k nyMt** lis*h in *ri|ivwt W**tii *||t}i^H, J,v
malic plan otiuHtrudkm t and tJuMwilnVmt* ' C*ft*ot iwl I1i**wi TttJn*/' ;i, .V i '**
sequent thertuipon, \Vhthtr ho tuJtunHv i tAritM*r t^tM^fttm vimit ffi* tlv^ fii^f *i*i*
disapproval of HubHcriplumlB dtwbtftil A^- i t*rn of tin* HjiimJ.* f il^tmh^n^^ *!< , ! ,
cording to Fuller, ho gwuwilly wvntlt'd fht* wiflt n fiv|ip!imi^itt viw^i r)i< r^r' i'iifii*fif
queatioiu Uc, luiwovw, clintittotlv |(ivw If bv IUfi t '\tiwrt h/ i\ i^tnNi4.^ ti4!
wlutt opinion tlmtHhocahatitiiiki,w*imm- ' I$17, 4, * A ^nlK *n.i Uu,i l<Itmfipi
tiontrom our Church b(?caMH<M>fcomijtiimit J . , v|kn flu* flinv fiti rt M t.fm f i| tl
in it aw ar irom the pirit if (^hrini tuui ; H.tvt|tiM, , , iW'tont iti
us Apo tliui (W/*, cL KMU, Hi. **>>, ! I6iW
' "" twtrfi^ m
kept clnaroi tluui!kttwrbii W tMtinni; iWriMtiK Iltr ,iin,f, tltw | f fi|iiii
l by hwtwrptw , tit*N r*f liwt fl
^ . M'i't P H8, a.' trHttiwt^NNlMlWgrMi^itfttlftHttftft^wtlti*
' *
ftttfd fHiA.7 *l I* v %* , T ( V PWl K '" imfWfttU ii'llill tli*iinln< &?.
p. 600). ^w", But. QHU*. au.jry.ttmn, iw u if, w^ly vntowAiU
Perkins's right hand wu, mim<!d ^ i
Ltrwoir, Protect Ditbtu\KVt ' * -w*? .1 * f S lttt(vlt ^ i'' 8 ""* *
Ltrwoir, Protect Ditbtu\KVt ' * -w .1 * S lttv i' 8 ""* * t4* vn
aud in his portmit, wCmrf if' Z' f )f ; %* '*? "^ "ff 1 " f *> 2 ' "^l" 1 * * f ^
Perkins 9 p cr lcy
fonffmit?i||
* IVrkitwV Tr**iitii4i\
t ton \vlnt ht<r n mint
liriitii4%ttnnliit|(toiMl^dara*, uathnlidNmo, He, KcUtum pont mortem
mnlttMHtt^nUfM*n)inimlmn j nufhorw op<m t ntmlin Sammd Ward/
!ir*s LMmIim ( 15HU t i;>H>, U!^ * Uijmhridgis 1(101; traiwlation in * (lolled ml
Armilliitmri^i^d <uil I n k km; Worlw,' ^0, 'Tho whole trout iw of thoeiwort
*'**,* h* t "'Wt I 1 *** 1 wwMuiumiH of C 'utiHcioncc/ (^inibriMgn, ]($()($ and HIGH;
lltil**( 'liltihfiiltl'fK ' I*}ilOl. llWMi" t^mttfrm tfllt *>H * A /K.^l.^. .,! Lt _ i.. i
4
*V Hi* (
of ( 'utmcioncc/ (<ambnMgn, ]($()($ and HIGH;
<, 1WK); London, 1(11 1, iH, * A ttortlim of Spiritual
"i, *..> l*{ii,j MoworH, Planted by Hi. HofowH'Ua'WUL
:teo f hw: oditittnwof tli^Lwtiu rU lW!km|/ Hihl 1^, ''ThirUnnt Prmdploa of
wu iiiipoitfiHl fit Hnst*!, If0<i Ifl>IK Holigion : by way of nutation tuul uiiRwer,'
iritwul l)wrliuii> f Limdoiu Io!U. i London, HI4o, f(M7, Urt, * Kxpowtiou on
, f tlh V n '"! 11 , ttll<! ;; f r *l l " ti!l ^ * TJ ^ j i'wihijH xxxti/wul r/ ^i. OonlUation of
it ( of \trnn U*"lt^ioij; pHt!arml - (*iuii**ittM*M (Vti'i'hiHm/ iir>, * Tlie opinion of
prwnph* to IM* iMariii'ti t *f ifii$nrttt | Mr, Pcrldnn, Mr, Biilton^nud otliora (M)mwn-
hftt tm\v titny hi* fit <om'iW'Hrmon j Ing tin* upon of tux'kfi^litiit^/ ^c. , 'now
wit't profit, &v,, bmdnji, tfii^, l^lf,; !i!4l t ; m\l forth hy MJclmumil K[ 1 1m L* Oxford, HKK)
C ttinbrid^% intij ; friiiiHlnfinl info \Vtyi hy |in * Uftrloinu JUwenllimy *). U(i, * Ait
K l(, ( I^miiott, IHIP, win! into (riith by (hl- , AlH'id^ntmut of tho whol<-\ ftodyof Divinity,
lry Iiiititrl t, * A (Vi nf f 'mwnVtms tho ' oxintrtotl front the* fwirm'd work of thnt
biiflfl*'tj it
*vcr-fanifitm au<l nn'orond Divino, Mr, Wil-
linw PtrlduH* By Tho. Niol/ London,
Knwll, or. The
, 4 . iLfttuiy\V*irj,;ttM^M*\vi^ Hirk Mnu'#i PUHMJIW Ik4I/ 10th odit, b,L
HMIM, itMHK 7, *,\ IHriTfion fnrt ! <hivtrn 1 11(14.
ff J IiW r H Lri\H ! T1 ^ t'htformitmn mippllwl hv Dr Poilo, mfmter of
'Jtii^ ItlLl H,*Hnjv*t ler a wniwrwtylilimrutn; hnktw MS, IL!I6I): 1<'IWH
, . ; Ilnkttr MR ll'lCIf) ;,....
, tit' a twitsw otmtHu|( th* itntiirti f |f a |y Am { |> w ftmo Hfatw ; (UUviio'ii Woi'tldnw of
['):'*** *tt** **f *httlh ? \V?t*f ( f fiw* Wttfwhtkrthiftt, p].i, 47^^; Dyor'n CUwbridgw
'i!>*i (with Hhi*r( HfitiuV *Thr*w Fiiigiiit^ifes, ^, UlO; C5oo'pr f fl Athontn (JautJi-
){ with 0tlt**f wt>flw f C'liitilifld^ti, ltigi*iiww iu Bil^*4'l; IbWM'n Oafctilogwti pf
IilP7* fi, * Aft ExpoHifittis <if fhf Hyiiiholiutr Bot>kpffi>t*iiitofr01atiiigtoOiimhrid|(a; Mul-
<'r,'* k <IiM'fthn A,)Kwth%\%f lt (Vtmhrf%ts !W> Hitr* Hii*t, of tlw Utihwtty of CamhHdgo,
io!Hf f t7J7 ; Lt*twf*tf lfl*IL I(K *Two Trt f<1 ^ ** Nyt* untl Unwi% 8th ior. Tol L|
tl*i4j L Of llii*nat'iiri*iiitfl jimtliftHif fpimt '"'" & ^
, ^ II* Of Htn iHittklmt oi: Um llmh mut th . PBRliB7 t MOflMS IIBNttY (1804-
ipirit/ C *iimhrttt^*^ !*")!^ (t wo fdit Io), IfAYf, "jHCfel ), Omuulian comffl^rckl pionwr and nan
lit * A, fliw^niwi* tf C"foHHrit*iin*/ /fets, (with of w)!wicft t W&H mm of MOMOHIUK! Mary Perlt^
/ ^%) f C*nitirif%i^ hW, 1,2, *Thi* whow*rc!nwht, Tk^jctiraofano!dWdh
of Mtmturtt w*ftl f tr flip Ifiwf^ rnii'Mitrn fiimlly whi^h M0tlUi(l m l(ltW) in MfUMaonu-
M% 4l*f hut! toHiituiu* itt/ Thi mm t born in Mtutgor Ville, Now
l*t * A (htclarHtion of Ilfuuwwlak, on 11 Does, lftQ4, w*w educated nt
'Jhri*t *iru(*il!*d* Ht^John. In 1H5JH h btieamci an atftoasy,
', 14. 'A and in 1WIO WH* mllwl to the bar;. but W
'it Mhi*w* tiiipti* took him to outdoor Hfo, and hi went
ow itwrw wii wwy coimi t> tki prtwintt iinto tl* mill in j( and himhering* (I*** timbot-
C>huivb of Hjiit t In imnciriift fwlut* cif Itali- cutting) bumntHw. Active in effort i for at*
f- for wf^Jupirt trwtltt^ciipittil into Now Brunswick, mad in
in telTOft'iiing th& cApAbltitiAA of the province^
llwriWjilw Witimm Mft^m* lfti,)0 f 'Aiutwrp f 1> ww ajVpolntmrcommiBfiioner ot Indian
lrt^4 1 in Luttiii HAIIIII, tflClL 15* * Itcrw to affuitt iwc onigmtion oflteer* In thta eapa-
lift* itttrf tlwt wi*tl ? it i, nil t.^tiit'iw tiil^iiPttW/ ftity ht mud wvwl tourn among the Iiiclia'na,
1 1 IftWiioiiiii* Hi 14,20mm Vir;. tfc IVov, TtWa* ^ 'took hi t
" &17.A''
tim i 1
Perne *o iVnte
In 1840 IVrloy Wfm cluwn to report m tlw
capabilities of tko country attmg a imtju*t'l
line of railway, In 184/ lu win* wnt wt n
mission to England in oonuiTtioii vufh UUM
proposal, On hi rot urn lu> commonm! tluit
aeries of exploration** amtrng* tlw lL*4it*niw f
litsf
II trfjn% 4
nji|*l Iff b
in
associated. In JH-U) he wportnt on thiw ol' l*Vt, HI* wvnl n- j^vf,f <*!' i ! Mt>iv'>r>if v
the Gulf of St., LuwrMiep; in Augiwf 1K0 j in 1*Ufl llr fr''MfM IM*. w KJ> niul
he waa appointed to inquire into tho w*n nwl ' IM*. in UnV, niil w H ir<!'jir^i#ni tit f m"tr,|
river fisherioB of Now Jiruiwwirk, ami (It** in UM> H" w?i/* fur hm \i>**'.**h-MU''ll*'f
voted two montliH to tho wi>rk> covwing f th tnivT^ty |$/M I*Wii KM* f lAMj
nine hundred miloH, of which flvti hittulrtn! niiil lAWH,
\vero accpmplifiho.d in catuw A ynr lnt*r , IVnir ^/um-tt in r**irf\ Iff** |^*ni?i^n tf it*"
he oxammea tlio iiJmri of th<* liny of ; fltimiw tn'ti^ uu^<tMJv, !*f it* ^itr/^vt MI
Fundy. t .From notew tuadoin th*m^ mWttttut j lit** \\ r $in nminiv vit^ t In i ^l^uu'% s nmUf-r*
he conipilod his HJatalognoof KsHhtwuf KPW f fMh^tun* ^*n S* ii T *t*^*% ilrit l/$7 ii
Brunawiok and Nova 8ntitt* 1H5L itiiisnfiiitj*'*^ in A *rrm*tt jv^'h-f! in flu*
During the n^xi two t*r tltn y*aw hi* t f huri)i of Sf, Atchv^ rt^I^r^l'iaff, i4*tjiint
coBipibd the trado fitfttwtirN in nitl of tlm.tim itimmn rnitt^lir tlor?iit!^ *iit,jf* |o*t?ir#'ii
negotiations for a reciprocity tmtfy l*tw*<* j of ilirt^f *! ih* 'mwfa Hii^lif f" }> i^!^i^/i
Canada and the Unitcul Wut*^, imd wl*, J tnif h* wiw tit fn rrrrtn! ili*i Mit^^m i ll
in 1854, the treaty wiw conclu<h*ti, hn wiw ; Hum* rhnroli u flir* f;NJlM' 2 t^ f; J m | rt , | n
appointed a comimnskmw to carry out it* ' Jhw** !*'$! Ii' ur^t^l aiHtin^f fr,*fit?.ifinh*i*
1'erley died at Forteftti, Litbrnrlor* on ; t!^ vmttviMif (l^utM^^r'/ifi U**^4 f'/M
17 Au^ 1802, on board .H.M.H. Uiwjh'rntfs I win! jtmt 11 v**4r Itit^r 4i .imnf /JHH^ Muff MI*
while on an oilicial tour, !!> marriini, in ' ittic*rritii*^Alvtiti'ttitririti*T.<t( l i'}M ^titii-^'i^y
Saptomber 18:$), Jaiuv duj(Jtor of Unnc ! ofHwipfnrfM VHUW/*>nrA'i-/< f /* t\mh!
Kotchum,and had iwht Hultimt, thtumly I I0i*. nrt, 1 ), In |/iU 1^ wn iit'^ii?^i
survivor of whom, Ihwy Kullnrton IWlt*y t ipM*fwf Wttljwlp s Sf, IVt^r, \.irf|fe *t! tw
is now chief 6Eginow to thu Conitditm |fo IfiW) -t %*r*vfitr nf t*tit)mm, ^iw!.-
, ut
and Amoncan 'WKnUwk, and bin Kdwtmt VI mviii*Vfl *f hi*
a. written. Ilttwwii mrontifn mmtitmi^l him ow -rf M t-
y^"^^^ whti wim <im*ir^| ii* pftiimiltfui.* |L
^
WM 1*11* of th* W iliwniHi M wtiMm'
Aflidiiw c>r ****** ** * *M.
iA t; . t.iiiii, * f| t
** * \r\^ nwl n ^ lml
PEBNE ANDRTBWnstop IKIMU j" v t !l r ett ?*l* n( ' IW)tt y iwirl '*''*H*wlKirihi
of Ely, bomtS Mney No " " > '^ n % 4 ** B * 1 Ito "'t"''^''*'^
1619,
at St.
duated B.A. earl?
MA. ^t e^
.
Porne ii Feme
<t hw **nll<*% from wilful ion, lib fnwl* Whitpift and a typuof the f Hdmu wind lade \\
Innimoux temper i'< iM'tl tllusfmti'ii hytlw.of prmciphi which the, wtahlinhwi church "'*
, ,, pi t ,,,-, - , , - in tht* rhM'Ky,, The author of
in lowi tthen Hi*' (iruil twtilie* of _ biuvr nnd * liny mv more VVorko ' mi'kmnm*d him
jilt* VWMT nmrli'wm'd nr lit'tHu'M KOUJ H *O1<1 Awlrew Turncoat,,* Other writorH of
pi'tMilni n**r flt* wwifi- in IM\, when a , the wame Nehool referred to him an * Andrew
Her hotiittmt. '* In X"! I *n\ Ho7 hn ISHWJIW , whrilnr* nt 1 *tmihrhl^e, it \virn twidj translated
,n of Wy ^ t - * portm'hy * I turn, I rat I chango oftmi/ It
AH MH i f < Isliwiltrils n^t*i)f|f(t lln* tlmnif% bivnmo i[rovtrlial to my of a coat or a clonk
IVrwMitmUy**iln f*\'ri^hiii\irt\ tuconturm ; that ha*{ln*n trmultht,ithud IHMI LV.rnwl
tit tho tn*w nrd*r i*f ihttift?!, ami n 1"**IL* h ! (J)wkit/w i*f Tyrttnnfwit font tint/}. On th
nulwrilnnl to flu* Hurl) -iiiisf* iiilirlt^, tin , w*atht*rcork nf*St. l**t**r f H ( 1 hurch hi Oani-
tooK jmrt in th; quy*M riM*Hpti*i> whn ; hrttlgv wnro thn lott^r A, P. A I 1 ,, which
fsfji* vt^it<ul < t nmliri()^i* in AUKUM UUU itid tm^ht Iw intorprt^tful (naid thi* witmntH) an
*;ir^iu*li'l In'ftMvhi'rn l+Mi it 4 rmm*in %>hith , tnth**r Aiuin\v iVrrn* a jmpint., or Andrew
'i** *l>'ii*ni**nt flit* |HJH% mid rnitittiinitifHl , li*rm n prutoHtant^ or Antlrow Perno a
Uftjrv VI iiinl ll*'itry VH for Ihrsr htji**- ; |mritun.
ftt'tinnM (i <o thi^unurnoly (Ntt'nm,H t /Vrn < rubric! Hnrv^y, in hi \vcIWtnoxvn contro-
f/(YKif\\ tii, r0 Io% M|, Kh;tilulii Jri*tty ctnn- vtwy with N^h t ptnwu<dthonttHckon IVnic'g
(dtfti^ttlffl litt* )t* In** ( ln|ti*nin% but H|M* ' tut*ttit*rviii lfth.*< IVnn%whilo vicivchaucollttr
r'^^utrd hi?* wNpttnlir ili'lVuciMif tb^churchV in tSti, hiui "llciuhul Harvoy by^'Mtly ropri-
jtu\v(*rnfi\r i htMMuuui v iitiHfji \vhirhho wf lorth '! lUHtttlin^hitn ffir*oniiull" i t*i'np^r*d (wj^wionn
at ii rli\tnity *ti*t hill lit h*f |*rfwtit*i Ailny . on jurMm^ in high Htntion* Nimh f in attack-
*r t wt* latt % r nml ntnt ynir htn ntm wn ; itt^r Hnrv\v math* th* inont of tlw incichmt,
fcitifivrtl frmti tlt* ti^f **f tvMjrt prt*iu*h^rH i ntut Hurvry ri'tortfd Ht length by portraying
In 1^77 Iw Wrt?i iiir*H*f *4 \vith nth**r** t,o fwuttt* Pt'fiu* tw a Htttt*oth'*ton^uiKl liiul luw^irly Hyto*
for St J*4iti'f (NUr^v (*nm* ; phuut. Kanh* in reply, vimiicatod fVrnc'n
;-n mi u*ww*H*ifit randitUtn memory WH that of *i ntrcful father of tho
tit to^OhtMtmtHtvourod , university/ hfwpitnhh\ Icrmunl, and witty,
ttfttn Jfulm ^V^ltt'iihiiisi! ; IVrtu* WM reputed to h * very fac.ctiottB fwid
sltintmff^r, wlw w-i itt ; ixc*41cnt nt hhmthttrp jiHt, and lov*nl that
In tMoiwr l^HH Iw ^ kind nf mirth MO n to wo uotwl for hl wit
f f } In th^iw 1 ( firtiflnwwiti AufiiW) HIC!^) t Fuller
Hir ThtJitiiw Trt^tmtiii nt tlw puliitv" of Kly it?prt*tntH IVriwiwaituwfcr of witty rto?t
liiul nltliiiriwl fr*m hiitt ft d*Ttrtion of Hut ho wctiw^ while In Att oudauco on (^uwn
n!t*gii*ttc^ ft* tin* <ititwii In lfH-| htn old ' KUwthctiii to havi> met hiti tuatch in a fool
|*ti|nt| Ar^hhthtuip wliif||ifi tl vnittty ttwwii* itumcd (*lml who thsctilxnl him
umith'd him for it hUho|rifi. i ^ bwtwcwi himwn wid itarth (I)otui,
JVrtUMliml w hi It* on n viH Att"li!*Wtf*p ** *' "" *""*"
Wliitgift- itt I#jifitii*f1i okt UW April tfiHI^atwl |
wt hurimi itt th** fwKtt HIM Mi ih^rt^wlicrfi ' n lufinm&n of thw d*iwi of KIj r wa ftllow
a ifHinitw*Hf- wiw fw,tid to his m**tttofy by of ( ! *athwrlii l(all ( (?antl>ridge from 102S2 to
hk iiti|iliw t Uicfhiittl IVriitt. A iwrtwifcli lit i IIW, when h wn made rector of Wilby>
INit^rhouHo* H<irtltiiiwpfoiwhlwi ; ht* held puritan ovinionn^
T iJw * Ilwti^w* Ililiti** I"%rw* roti trt tinted HIM! wiw cluw*n in HJ4tt erne of thn four
tmnidtttiottH <rf*'Kr4*!i < *ittti*>** mul tho*H*m^ ' n*pp*Mi{ftti?iw flwun NorthtutntonHhiro to
cwilWiofi urn] WIM* i*rtiifiI with jwwwwplitg two^rmonn tw*forw the IIouRAof Ciomwoui
tlm fiiii^t pi wt liiirurf lit Ktif(ltind of hw L during thi t^rnK piirruiracnt- owe on tha oo
to it, in wtsll * ' "" " '
id! n t0 ii univorwity litwmry, ht ! printed; th otlwr on M April lCS44 f at the
wny vidtinuw. Hi* al>*lM*t|Wiithil *thiltf lviK * for Lord Fairfax's victory
^4!rlioiwpfrtlititlfiwiiifittriftwo ' t Still>j 1U ttwd at Wilby OE IS Deo,
ftolb). lie ttwd at Wilby
' Jfi/W, will wiw buriod in th ehwaei of hit
,.,. ,. . . t i t frjfwJM wwl uj* ^hurohi wlwrti wi toncription to his uwmory
' a(Rimln w f t an*? it) Wttitf Sfc of bii { still extant A lwwl wmon Tby
" ' #Turlwy rpf iwwl' wttok Bmti*l Aiiwworth of K**lmawh wa pub*
i!ty nftt*r*ltw (lftn.th lift hotly Hiliwl (WUHiwi Pwrklnn on tha ^Lifo aijd
ti iliytliiiitithowwf thellftrtltiMftr* Tlm of Aiwlrsw I'awie of Wilby * in
the frfofttl af Archbishop , M^rtkmgittm 1881),
Ferrers u lYnvrs
[OooporVAthonw Urtiitn.br. ii,4A..rU; Mu^kt'H'H Afohitftniii tJf. ^ifVj, &}w wwiMwtir *\
^lur-Prolnt^CJontwmu'wy.pp, Uill* UiH; Nrt^Ii",** ' ttt*v ntfr h"ff<tf{{t'(l t* \Vtiiww !** H 11
"Works, <ui. Grrosurt; lUn^M Workw, wl, tin** \\\ lif/ll {{tyr^i- ,fvJW,, j< H^l; '*h* t^
part; Kullor'n WortliiuHj (NwpprV Amuita of w|}i!V ?ff^il fo linvi* tw^*t Isr* uif^
Oambridtfo; Uo t y wood and Wright 1 ** nivrriiy \i\\\p Hfii^ t>r**u*Mi'*U fi't 0TMnJHr
Trmi ^acl i o UH ; I)r JtNNnppVi Otic Uorwrjvl ion of { AWito rtf' /VrfVwwfif 'nt -tliM Thr '
a Norfolk llouau; Notes ami Utitimw, flthwr, ; *
ii i fi i s f* ' r; 1 ^/ 'i"^ * rt J r ' l<< ' lf|i * fi<
n l ^^ * * '" ; that *\w \\w m^r f!$r. nti'** f I
PEEEER8 or JIH WINDSOR* ALUT, : Nttrford, ! lir h<ttt<in.'ni m j r ,
(rZ, 1400), uiiHtrOHH of Kdwani lll WUH ton roufuH'Mt*
ttcconling<othohc)KtiloHt,AHMtu chronitt<r Aiir<* IVrriT* 1w^ni^ th* iu ( *lf
(Okron, Ant/lw, p. 95), a wotnun of low wtml III in llit liiriitu** **f i|ipi*?f
Lirth, the daughter of a tiler at Hiw**\v ftiul hfrn>tt*riiim mttlt h< lut?;<
Kaaox, and hud boon a domtwtir (lriutj^t\ , from liliti*. wl^n h' Sf'l * K f! J'
Another account uwkce htr (luMlatiffht^r of , ttutr* **t* wui*r in t1ir ,"4i lp| <
a weaver from DovonNhim (Hfw thwfotfttnitt : Kob^tt I1
p. 300). It ouma, ]iowev<rit>r<r*iwni!*It j ntul it) 1*17*'
touiippoBotliuliffLK uludy of (JUM^U PhitipptiV ' f*f
liouaehold, aim wan a mtmihnr of t ho Hurt Ami* In
shire family of l^utum wit Ii which the* Mwy ]
of St. AlhaiiH had a ' "* i; - - -"* :
Sir Ilichard Porrcrn wu M,P, for Il*rt frd- r/ ^
flhir In sovorul parliamwntB of Kd vvunl 1 1 nm) \ Ktlw
the early yearn of Mdward 111 (ttHitm *f ^\
MwitwM of J*ttrtf(wwtt ) f iitul WUH whoriffiif lnt
Hertfortlahiro and ICHHOX 'from litlo to t.llil, j
and again in l;^7, inland M.lfK !lo may ' i>m W i
lo the name Hir^ Richard lNn*nw whn t in j by tin
consequence of hia cjuaml with Ht AllwwjH, j
fiufferod a long imprwmiowit frotti 1,'WO on- >'
wards, waa outltiwwl in I MO, and wtww
sow, {Sir Itichard P^rrcr8 ( iu VfliiuHtd^twtturiui
to obtain wdram ((k#tu AMtttuM) III 1JH>-
a09), Alico may have bum the thmghtw of i 1
Sir Richard PWWH tlui wldorj if w, thk *,
circumstance womd go Ikr to **xp!niti tin* ,
manifest hostility of tho Kt, AUmnit <hn> !
n icier. It has, howoycr, lumi alli'mul ihitf
she was daughtw of John Pnww or f>!
of Holtjbv Q-unnora, dang-htw of HirTS
twico warriwl
u v/rioaoytJ, aiKl WttR tWICO ttti
' S? ^J^^^NapftJrd ; and, w*contlly ( to mi 311 MV, rui
fair WiHtarn da VVnulnor (lUwm, /V/w- in jmtit<*r i
wftow o/ Qnat IrtmpwfA, ii. 410 ; BWIK- ,/lfwiwiVi/jf */
HBLD, J/j^, AVJW*, i, H19 f xi* SJfcJ), Ttm i cihtnlftwi im'tiit mfliHmt^ w**r t
first i^wtaefimtely known about hw 1 h*Uiw*ciUilmv ^uU^r i*
lim i a ftoSuSf WJPvtatt t?f H mm ^ ? ft w * ti^
In
T<m v **r,
nf
tlmt wi'it* ftttW iir
n < p, 7t>),
to OrCl m rl"? lltofr n /f ^ ? Wl1 ^t- f4iHi;AIIii*
i 11^ rf ^ v (y '** md f*f fik * !mllly I||W ltt v '"* !l * f|l * ttt
. viL 44VJ), it has btiion cantomdwi that
,.,._.jellft cameroo Itt^inm' IB thu twulva*
Xent of < woman of tha litdohamb w/ and that
tuft dWHlOTlA.f'.m'n xxrnu ,vi<\*i1!>t>l ^,^1.,. x_ . - *
7 K vu Wft rr eto r d m* l ^ tm * iw vii;w ^ a; wubU ,T;
' doSk t^rf rut?*" c : (m fr ndwl * ttt *'"? * ' m.w of f , wliJ^I, w-
-J n '*? l r..^ IBM P.. I 'W" l > *> q"^ m.ml itt 1374 tffmta AU^tMm.Kt. -
deairZ" . , T . * *tt), Hl w h rt* immiM.1 of hvirf *.
.^S^^^'^SgT'J'* ^^^^^p-rJhf.^SS;
pnted to Tri *S| *fl VoT" iSn^S"^ f"' ^ /^ **^ T
IVrrers 13 Ferrers
Jtu v,l rttid oOu'rs to writ hcpiiKviMtniw, /,,tf m , ui, i^n. In 1,18,1 Alice had ap-
l'u**niwl*il which Me iwtl HUWI no iontit patently recovered Homo of hor favour at
rontnlmlt*hu^Mnth'triiptpuluntv, Wben , oourt. In the following yrar her husband
tl*cjooiljrlmm't m*i in April U7i,om* died, in dht to the Mown,' HIM nephew and
of t\w fii>f iet<* of Hio commons wit* to hrir, Jolm do Windsor, vexed Alie.e with
'iHtfiow Uu Kintf WiinHt h**i% and to inform kw^uifs, She could obtain no relief from
.umthnt Nhe w<i* married to Windsor, now her hu^wndVi dehtn, though iti IHH4 th
deputy of h'fluntl. Kdw.wl dchired with judgment fi^nhiHt her \vn repealed HO far tw
nn'onth tlmt he did ti<4 kwnv Alien WWH : thai nil grunt H might romnin in forro (7^/M
with her. A ^MM-rnl ordtMiuiini wn* pitted lite tibhey of 8t, Alhanw a to Oxeyeatill
frhidlij( wKeu to pructKMi' in the courts continued (ffanttt /l$/Vi^/w iii, *M\)}> In
of !iiw f iin<t wmlrr thi^Alieo vva w-ntonwl laHil H h<* bud a liuvmut with William of
to lwninhwent nnl f*rfottnrt*, Sheiwalh^d \VyJohiu m to jiwl which Hlw allied
to have worn > th* crNM of {'nnterhury to be hml jiwne<1 to himnftor htr indict ment.
tilev thi^frd'r, li nftef the denth of the , \Vykelitun denied t)u charge and won hm
of* Wnh'rt, Hint twn\'ery f powrr hy ^ ensts In i*i!)3 John dt> Wimkn* wan ia
t*r, ftfn rehiftieil to c,ottrt| uurl the 'jrwitft fit Kt^wgate for detaining ^oodn btv
hop lViir**d to put the HttttenciM)fi*\ , "on^inj^ to Aiiee tie Windsor, vuluef^OOO/,,
in luiveii^iyin^ Itur (r/inw, ttndto^wher<liw#hter, value 1,(HK)/,( AW^
j* i* 101 'i, Shi* joined with Sir , w/ <^w^;iW t Tfh nor, vtL 4A I ), I,n 1 Ji07 Alien
Slurry find ItiUitwr it* proeurintf onc< num^potititmed for the renewal of tlw
thi* tli^r itre of Hir IVter l>n In \ftire!t|,\%| judgment u^aitmt her f nnd tlm mutter WUH
Tin* Iliut jmriuitiii'tif m*t on *7 Jn. Ii77 refernni for
tiisd trveiMtHl th- i***tt! f * iumtii'-if Alttvftml , withtuitodec
Imf wi|pttrfri\n i AW/* /" l*rlwwiwif t ii !(?'(). : I let* will, tit*t| t!() Aiiff* M(K) f wiw j
Hh r**Hitiii*l JiMr *4il prnrtic*^, interfered on - mi 1 I'Vh, 1 101, Sbe dirt^tod that wboi
Mmlf of Uichnrd tA'un?t,\vho hnd h*n cou | lie hurimi in the parinhcluwh of Upriiiimttn 1 ,
dettiit^l in H***jirr\ >** y**r; pr**veiife<t tbe HH^K^ iti which parinh her hunlnnul htidpro-
d*HiHtch of Nichoiitt Itiigwuiili to Ifelittul, |ff<y (Ni<*ot*Aw, TMttttHwttt VHw*ttt } pp*
WttH uti i*niny tf Windsor; AIM! I* f i*'il} Her belw wore hef diwi^bterH Jaun
14 w|u$f* wh* litut iiuifdei'ed n, ttndJotuttt} tht btH'tH% lit nil events seenw
iw it | M*d, lit htMMttwf tuition, Mvt*n to htw been Windnor'n daughter, for lit
hiiiiwlf of h^r ii+t to MHIW tin* r** i*lie wiei^^Hfully ctuiittUHl property lit
ill t>f tlifi ttfii|itiritfirw of hi** *t* (//>,
Iii* lil/f l u l(fi j C*/ir*w /fiff//iV t jp, Ilfl H| K|*t In jmlj^inff Alic*e f n charftctcr it rouwt;
ward ww itifitiilVitlf <lyin^hnt Aiuvlmnymi rt*membeptMl thnt tJm Hiinf witntw i
him up wit ti fuU fnifum tif lift*, until, wite.ii ln*r w the hwtilo Ht Albruw
the i*n*l wiw elpiifty i lti$it*l tte Mrd file Itnt otlmr wtitwH refw to ber ILR 1'kl
pittgi frt)iu off hU fitigeffi find titntnsdt'Hidd KiintftHW fv^, MAfiVMH^fft ap HwDKN 1 , viii.
hlti** In 1m liwl ttiiHiientu Ktlwiird ! Mtitted Hrtft, Itolln Hr,)j and though the ebargvs
to hiife rif-ftwecl httf }>fof}i*t*iw| iitteitlioiii of ftwwo twd intrigue nitty bw extiggewU ed,
|,il|i|, 14*! 4; hut ttiltie ))ii%i AVifn> f it w impo^lldo to doubt' t.be fuiLwtantial
to tmve bwii with him tw*4iifiiry f the story. a Still, notm* hiHtoriann
1 nv*> tulei
tulfett a favournblo vitw of her ahnraft
In tint flf4 pitrlhrnHtt of Itietiiw! II! tr (iUitNMK t //iVorvf/AW*m/Yi///p. 872;
Ailitt* l*itn"*r^ wtt* liwniglit tw*for* the lordN f CUiiTK f //iVory r/ tSnghwut) !i* 5*14 ), and it
lit tlw iWjti%ft of tliw WitnwwtiiM,, on sjtl HIH?* hiw Itettn in^tiftutHtsly Hu^'wtecl that wlie wti
ItiTTj wirl t-li* tw*ut*ni*i of l-lii* I lni! niifliti- tn\lyt\w'1i&ini^$w}(*nni^
fftifwt htf wttttrnwft (jfatl* tjf i*r ti,M.) Bir Hobwt Cotton* hi a wimllw spirit,
i til* IS)* Irt file following jnfir hnr upmkii of* h* 4 r mtohap tlmt nU win frknully
M ti{iptwt***l fof l**fti to *nt for a rw* to wtwy^ hut all were not ^ friendly to her/
vttil of jttilg mmit. on tliti grountl that *h* In anyVm^i AUoe had umwl hwponition to
Imd 1 b^nii ^oittfudlwi! t0 ti pliii4d an 'fomtnft aaquiwi coidwiible wealth, and, in addition 1
fwk/ tiiottfli atmtHy ttmn*!*l* and by AWI to tlbn gwntA mtclti to Inir, could 'puwilwiw
irf otlU'if iriffirittiillt'ltfi (ii ill* 40*1). On , B^ttswenil Oantttt lfofd bur mavr a^ (i*6
14 l)tft* t!70 th0 inn tenet afptiituM'. li^r ( Wfit un*) tud atw> own^d hcnw0 property lit
tAwkftd (A4 Ife/li U Ili(*ltirl II ) avid m , Lwiwm, In Iw ^ropwlt^ JTohn of '
If* M'i.w*li Iftrtt) Windsor obtummi i gwwit of : hiftd> giwn ItW 1 'mnap of !(^ry|,
lit* Ilit I4 fema tiiin (6V#^i #1/1*1 yltl* ilwrfilfcj *fli !ttt*r &ft ";
Perrm
IVrrin
certain of her houses in London, and h*r
hostel on the banks of tho Thamos, An in-
ventory of her jewels, value*, 47(U, 1H*, w. i
and confiscated in 1378, is printed iu'Arolm<H
lagia' (xx. 103), Other lists of property )w-
lonffinc to her arc ffivm in * Notiw find
Queries ' (7th ser, yii. 450), Tho Ht. AUwmn ,
chronicler says Alice had no beauty of &w* ;
or person, but made up for lhoo dofocM by (
the blandishment of hor tonguo, Naturally '
her influence over the kingf waw aacribud to
witchcraft, and a Dominican friar
arrested in 1376 on tho charge
been her accomplice (C4/W,
95, 98).
[Ohron. Anglifle, 1328-88 ;
Gesta Abbatutn S. Albani and Ypnligma Nw-
stria (Bolls Ser.) ; Kolls of Parliament
and Queries, 7th set, vein. vii.and viiu,
vii, 449-51, by 'Hormontrudo/ whi
of vahiable notes from uTipublinlu'd t
re collected; Moberly'a Lifu of Wykotwm,
113-34, 121; Morant'fl Jlwtory of Kw% l
107; Sharpe's Calondar of Wills in Uw Court.
of Hunting, ii. 202, 801 ; flir 0, K. I)uck*tt*
I)uohetiana ; other authorities tmotatl]
0. L. K.
tion, ti tin*
Hamiltmimn
* tlm
\ trial
f^ in
Anii*t||li, H'
>nf*i ii vtinU
It A, in
itilrnf, U
t '**** of
tni f*nu
court tuul wttrmlv t*!iitiwt'ini th*
for
^> l flu*
of mrrtwlili' IAW ; in Hitry t^rtw
rail***! to flu* lwr fl HI* si*, n
;lti4l tvt o 4 **vi %lw?iv jis'W'ilfi*-*
of fli* ( nv** !w w*rn
to
tin*
flu*
LOUIS (l7BiH864) t rrih
judye, is said to have kwn born at Watw- t
ford on 16 Feb. 178& Mm fnthtir, JUAN
BAPTISTS PBKEIN (jft t 178CJ), wa born in
France, atul, cowing to Dublin, btu*.am a
teacher of French- lie oftim midtui for
months at a fcimo in the hounott of mush of
the Irish gentry as desired to aecj uiro a know-
ledge of the French tonguo. lie mixed in
the political agitations of the poriadj and :
on 26 April 1784 was elected an lumornry
member of the Sons of tho Shamrock ; and
is said m 1795 to have joined in tlu uivitii-
tion to the French government to invtulo
Ireland. In his later yeara ho rtisicliwl at
Leinster Lodye, near A thy, co. Kiidaw,
The date of his death ia not givn ; but h*
was buried in the old churchyard at I*almm
town, He was the author of: L 'The
French Student's Vade-mecum/ London,
1760. 2, * Grammar of the French TontfiuO
1768. 8. ' Fables Aiauwntes, 1 177 L 4 * En-
tertaining and Instructive Exerciaes, with
the Kules of the French Syntax/ 177*1
5. 'The Elements of French Oonvornation,
with Dialogues,' 1774. 6. ' Lflttros Ohoiitiiw
eur toutes sortes de sujet/ 1777, 7, *TIw
Practice of the French Pronunciation alpha*
betically exhibited/ 1777, 8, <La Bonno
Mere, contenant d patitas piteea dmma-
tiquee, 1 1786, 9. ' The Elements of English
Conversation, with a Vocabulary in Freneh,
English, and Italian/ Naples, IBM, The
majority of these works went to many edi*
wits |iffi"
tiiiwt ior ii Iitn4 in
Bt*tltt*l| ftti4 IVrrin Wf
tlf*r^ s htit lh i*itw wart jwwfi^illv r^n-
duf'tui by th junior* wtin nlnnvi^t ttuft^tri
nliility in tho tsmit^r. Hi* wii-n tiW jtitpur
roUitHoK ill iHli^hl thi* |if!tftiTlifttI tit* Klir^f i*
ilttn, litrwiiii, Mntl flu* rftthotu* *I*4* s |/4f0* f^r
violating tit** <**ttv**ntinn Art. Iti |W1*J' Kn
tH*ruktut A l^firhi^f of Kiwjj*** ltni*, (Httitin,
II** wnn a whiff t iwilitii*^ ikitjhfff4 n*
tholic i<itiiini4|mli**ti, and
toc i<itiiini|ml**ti, an tt**ijr^*i li^ or*
mtPt of * Hornet l*ttit IWnti/ U H My
lH*Jl, tit tfvwjumrtion with Hit Uolw^rt tUrty
ltd wan
for
was nturtt*nl for
in
i
on *M
vitnw tory ttif*nibf* At tlit^ti*^! nt*ttt'ri
cltitttion lw riiint* in for flu 1 * rity of f*iritw*I
on 14 Jnn< tHi*l* huf- fwiifiiwi in flit* ft*How
Ing AutfUHti to Into Ilia w*t ** ttu
In thw ifnit* irf C*it$iww b* hir*>v ii,i
vtwt ^ritiKl jury jnlltfy ( mftl nml^ nn l
|>wwlt cm ititrwiuHftff tin* Irwli
ruform hilh find hr* WIIH tttttirift# tn liU
to fhfwk inttttnpt*rMi<*t l*y
lationM ^I^wng laiiiliolit'niwi* sit f4
at ttijfht.
From 7 Fit* t^|*2 r-n
third *r;wwif,.Et*litwfVrii Fi*lftwff tt
IHBf* flwl wrjmntf iiil tin fl* Ayril t^ffi^
thti rwiftmtmittitbft of iltt Mftftiii^ f Kur*
[q. v,| AN ttiorriiy-KtttiiL White * ***
j*ant'hc |ipid*l Jivtp tlw tiwwiry ititft llit
oldlrinh mnwtiitfw in4 otiiii* tint
Iriih Munimmt A^t fimitifwi' Aftur
tho dtwfcti cif rhottiii II Vitllii4?i fc#
* a puwnti j wt of itt
, on 1 Aug. IS f In tto ywir
hn ww pwttiMl a prif y csoimtfUhHr* Il* ww
mont paint4binfc In fcto af h!n Im*
pwtmit fonetbiif j ^i^i dt iiftite
Pcrrinchicf r
i of inantwr, may bo r<'ffnrdwl an OTW
of thti moat abb* untl upright judgvn who
havo wat on tlw Irwh bwidi. Jfo roHitfiuni
on a jumsion in February IHIK), and rwidwl
ttar Uunh, ro, Dublin, when* lu frw nontly
attundtul tho potty SOHNIOHH. HK tuwl at
Kiuwifdromin, near I'hwh, on 7 IVo. 1804,
find wan buried at Rtwh on 10 Der. Ho
married, in April tHl5 Hwtcr (Wnor f
daughter of tho Itov* Abraham Au^uHtuM
St^wiul, chujibiin to tho Royal Hibomitm
Hrhool, l)nblin by whom ho had wn-tm mm
including Jnim^ n mujr in tho army, who
ftdl at Luekuow in l.sr>7; f*ouiM, roctot of
Oarryi*l.yn<, Hlarwoy, roi Cork; William,
chii^f rt*^iirar of tho lrih court of bank*
rupt<*y (//, lH{>u*)j ClmrloH, major of tho (Uith
foot {rout iHdo; and Mifcrk^ft^giattfti^of judj^-
xuttutH in IrolutuL
I l ( *or t.he i*tthir; \\\ Jt, Fit/pntrit'k**! Hi*crt^t
r undMr l*itt IHt)^ pp, tm, ^IH, 2l/n
LifV f Ixmt Plunkot. 1M7, t. UtH, K<r
1*2
Per ring
, tHOo, pt.
, 8 IM
; iiUortfiution from thr* Itin\ toutN
froitt M'trk I^rriiu fwj,| (J, (I B,
KK, HKUIAUD (KtMF-
tll71)i royalim (hvims prbitlily born in
lliimpsliiw in IHtJl t WHH piluonfinl nt iMti^da-
limrt OoH*(,(*s ( 'awhridtfts wb*n h** girmluiitwl
B.A. \M t ami M.A, U^ft, mid wiw tUrtl
to a tollowithi'l |//W/*^lfVX frW/O/l* fjth
lii*p. |j* 4HI ), iit* wiw t*j*M*tfui from hw fil*
Iowi*hi|i by th fwrliwttfnttury ftHtiJttiwtiiiitrn
uudor i;ho owluiant*i* of 1*1 Ft*b, UM5 CL On
i! Jaiti HHi) W> hh nnmo appt'ar^ for tlw
lant tim in th' f^ltt^f* bonk*^ tnvIK ^ ll ^
nmntUy 4/ Hk, *M At tin* H*wttraticu h*
wan utlmit'tt'ti to tin* r*vt*iry of Mt, Mil-
V, I'tmliry, to whioh tlmt of Ht, Mnry
wiw annoxout m I 1'Vb, III? I
etf*4! lllh nt
i<l(f*t <IM U July H^M;
Diviuo/ iwitl * Ntttuliiitir in
MiiM f ) won* print mi,
On H Nov. lillif hi* ww ttwt'iill^l pr*<btndary
of Hfc, IVtiv*!*! W^tmintt*r, wul on Si Aiiff.
1IIII7 "wpbiitifliiff of Ijtmrion (< 'hwwtrk HtitU),
Of fllilltirtgiloit (C^IflWKE,
wtwtttr" A&fay /6y, JK 174). II wiw
KitstHttniouir IP C ?httf Iff 1 1. 1 1 d w*d at Wt
iniiiitw on *11 Attjf 1117*'^ awl wiw btiritirl on
M B**';rt in tlit^ niilitiy * within tlwi mufti ittonu-
mml duot* (ft, pt'lHt)* Hw wife hud (IM
011 10JTiti4 ICJil* Ilk will, tiatftfl till Aug*
is In tlm |iiftgmflvfi ^>!trt- ami wan
Iflllet* Ifl/il Iiiiwc^*frtiwtfi* with
doan of Wuu^lKwtor, and Eobort, Peacock,
rortor of Lonjrl)itton f Surrey, purchaRod land,
tho nnt of which worn t<! bo given in por-
potiiily to tho vicars of Htiokingham.
I'orrinohiofwrotOjhoHichwHopuratoly issued
ftwrnona : I, *Tho Hyrwnusan Tyratiti, or tho
Lifn of Apathoo,h k H > with Homo Uothixiona on
th lVat.ti<*,oM of our Modern ITnurpcrw,* Lon-
dou, KkU (<Udittat<d (-oTlioiimH t arlof Soutli-
ttmpUni); rcpuhlmlud London, IB7(J, aB 'Tho
Sicilian Tyrant, or thrt ,Lifcof Agat linden,'
^, 'A DtHrourm* of Toleration, in aiiHwor to a
lato book [ by John U>rbot( I()i>()l(180), (j, v*]
ont-it uhul A 1 Kmcouwc of tho Religion of Eng-
land/ Condon, 1(107 { Pcrnuchief opponod
toleration or any modificfition, of the wta-
bliHhinont, Jl ' lndnlf(inc not jtmtiflcd :
btinf^ a oontinniituni of tlm DIw'ouiw of
Toloration in unnwer to th< ar^umont.H of a
litti* bttoli outituhul n IWcsu Otlnrbig or l*U*a
for Indulf(onct% and to l\u\ caviln of anc*tluu*
| by John ( 1 orbotj^ c'ttlltnl tlw Hocotul Din*
iMwnw of th Itohgitin in KwglantV London,
HKR
IVrrhichmf nlrto roroplotwl th edition pr<v
(mwulby William Kuhmm [q* v. (of ' K<rtA*y:
thu Workt^H of King Charity tho Martyr/ with
a collation of doHaration and trt*atu*ti f l^ou-
dou ttUi^and compiled aliftUbr it from Kul-
mauV not wand wnuo matwialn of Si law Titvw,
Thin Uf WUH ropublwhod in HI7n as 'Tho
llt^Vtil Mtirtyr t t>rtlu* Iaf and I)*atliof King
(^imfbrn I/ iuum,; and WEK includod in th
17^7 tnlition of the l<lh&w $mn\m{h an 'written
bv Richard IVrMUcluuf, owo of ht
[Luartl'M ClfiuL Ciuttahr*; Woml'H At.hinua
Oxwi. 1? 124 U (I2*\ KaHtlt ii. 18(1, 874 ; L NTv'H
Fiwtij Wood'n HUt, and Aritiq, of Univ, Oxon,
1(174, ii, *2tt1; Sratw I*a|ww Dtitn, CJnr. Entry
tltnk I y, f. 1 47 ; NtwMwrtVt Hjiptoi*ium ,* LnnxtL
MHH, im f, 164, OHH f, SM8A; Walkoe'H Huflbr-
ings >f tin* Oh^y, ii lUt i infoNnatln kindly
imtitby A (1 I*iMk<
l^gts ()Hmhrld,Jttsatid Mr, J.W.Chipk, r%
wf tlw univt^i'.ty) Cltunhrid^,') W. A. I
PRRBINO, JOHN HUAK(IHI8 'iK(Ji)),
civil ftmriutw and t^plorti^ wtw born at Bow-
ton in Littctoltwhifft on *J4 Jan* I8i*i Ilu
wiw wltuifttwl lit Dnntugton gwwwi'ttfw Hfthool,
, and thwu tirtii'lwlj on 5i8 March IHilCI, to
},thfl Hurveyor of th yort of
ho ww Migagftd m ut^
f,' in the encloiiire iuwl drainage <rf
i, in tho iittpfovtimwit* of Bi)at(>Ta
Harbour and of Wainilwt Havtm, and t^
outfall of th 'Bast Fin, in tho dratwftp of
tho llwwli and Oroft wiirsim and other
workut In 188$ hn prociwdftd t<> LoiKlon, and
wiw lhw nm|vloyd' in imglnwir
lu Mamb
Perring
1 6
Perronct
attd lt<t-4Mrut)n1*'
. f*?>r i
under contract with Galloway Brother** off and on I March 1^1 1 **!*' mi ii|w
London, us assistant, engimw to (kllowity of<n^ivHH^jjf>rinf-i*!'f !
Boy, then manager of public workn for Mu ' ruilwuy tlorttr* ttwt Iwrl
homed Ali, viceroy of %ypt, Urn* of th>
first undertakings on which lVrrin# WIUH <w-
gaged was the construction of a trnmwoy
from the quartiM near Mox to tlw HWI. A ft*r
the death of Galloway ho Iweunw a m*mlHr
of the board of public works, was coiwultinl
as to the ombunlanont of i\w Nili,ftdvw*ftttd
the establishment of Htatioiw in jho I)wtt
between Cairo and SUMS to fndlitnto
overland transit, and waa omploved to
in V|nt i*i i hi<
of rlu* Kn "4 f ***^lntv
I ft*
tlw
thin
tf flit* Uiiilil
fht joint lin*
**fr<i
a road with the object of carrying tnit
scheme*
From January to August 18^7 hn
busy helping Uolotwl Howard VVM
others in making 1 ft Burvoy of tho pyiiutitdHiit j Jtrw t ti
CHsseh, and in the execution of plan**, draw- I titm of
of fit**
tin*
On
of
n
ings, and mapa of those monument $ lit* liittl
already publish tul * On the TCnginwiritf of tlu>
Ancient Egyptian^,' London, IS'jr^ nix wun*
bars. The years IBiiB and !8ilJ) ho H|nnt in
exploring and Hurveying tho mTitmida at A boti i
'th'w
101 fung
Koash, and fihoHo to tlus aoui award, ir
Fayoom. Ilia Mr-vices to I%yptian UUiory
are described in *Tha PyratnidH of (Usj**ll,
from actual flnrvoy and iidrntJtturittont by
J, E, |W(j] Pwrinff, (., Civil Kn>fin(*(ir, Ilhw-
tratecl bjr Notes and Kofenm(,nH to t !u* ntw^ral
Plans, with Skntchoa talttm on th upot by
E, J. AndrewH, Enq,, London, 181J) t oblong
folio, Part i, : Tlw Great Pyramid, with a mm
and sixteen j)lat8 ; partiu; Tha Second and
Third Pyramids, the smaller to tlw Htnttliward
of the Third, and the throe to thti twtwanl
of the^ Great Pyramid, with nitwtwn phitaa;
part iii, : Th rvramids to tho southward of -
G-izeh arid at Abou Roash, alo OtunpbiUV during t hi
Tomb and a section of the rock at G iwh, wit h " " " '' " '
itU 7 1
le plates,' Pemnpfy labcwrH mino wttfini'
noticed in Colonel B, W, II II Vywe'n * Opm '
rations carried on at the Pyramids of (Mh
in 1837, with account of a Voyairo into Uupw
HI,
0. (\ II
vixi'KXT (MM r;^!,
vlmr of Hhttpt!itiiii iwi<l fiti*ffti!wf, yrwiint^i,
Him nf Itovid find Iltilttfli**!! IVmittrt, wn,n
bam in (^>utUm n II I**H\ fl?l*l Ht Cither
ft native f*f <*lii!lwii( cfil^t in fltf riitiffift nf
llt*rw% iwsd it !mti*MtHfit, mint* v^r t Kii^^
Iswid lilmiit !l|Hf| f iiiifj wfi lint tt fuller I by i A f,
of pwtitiftunif tit li'clM, liiittti^ |tr**vttWtv
wiirrwd Philtifliim Arthur or Arthttr^ it
of good family* wlww itiifpriwl ||fiiii4fn '
an oflltvr tf tli*n*iHirf of Htr>tffmmli*r l) i
*
civil wr, Utivtit l**wwit*|
c itii* i>f iii< tti!w iwit twfsij i *i$f it
T JfWi ltfUtrll{4lt* l^'i*in*f ( |
17iM) ditwtw of th^ * j;*wfi4 it i*imti<t*fa**'*tf
Fmnw* t 5d huiltl*rof f : ht }iri(U; f NnttlK^
fll t .,
Pcrronct
Pcrronct
that lio received many tokens of a special
'providence, and wrote a record of thorn,
headed * 8omo remarkable facts in the life of
a portion whom wo shall call Kunobius* (ox-
trauta given in tho Methodiafi Magazine,
1799)) wlu^rein ho rohitoa certain dreams, os-
eaport from dangor, and the like, as divine
interpoHiHotiB, On 14 Fab, 1744 ho had \m
Ih'Mt nit er view with John Wesley, who was
nmeh iraprcwtul by his pioty (J, WMHI/KY,
Journal, tip. J?V/c^L 40H), Both tho Wts-
vimted him and proaclwd in his church
in 174(1 When OliavloH VVenley preachod
tlwro a riot took place, tho rioters following
tho preaeher to the Vicarage, threatening, and
throwing Btonen, while ho was defended by
one of l*emmot'H wma, Charlen, From that
t'une both tho Woaloya looktul to Porronot
for advice and mvpport; he w>w porliapn, their
nuwt inl.iuiul.ii friend; and they renped'ed his
judgment no lesw than they (tolighttulin his
roligiouH character. He attow'Ud tho motho-
dint conference of 15 June 1747, In April
174H (Jharle.H Wowloy eonnultod him about
IUH intended marriage; in 1749 he wrote to
U WwW oxhoi'ttng him to avoid a quarrul
with hut brother John, to whom Charles had
lately behaved nomowhtit Hhabbily, and a
letter from him in February 1751 led John
Wenley to dtwido on marrying (TYMEMAK,
Ztffc (/J. Wwliy, iu , 104),
lie wrote in 'dofunco of tho tnethodista,
waacouMultiMl by the WosleyB in reference to
tlunr regulations for itinerant proachurfl, in
one of which ho waa appointed umpire* in caao
of dinagreemcmt, and wm called * tho arch-
bwhop of methocliam * (aft, p, 230). Two of
lim sow, Kdvvard and Oliarlea, wore among
the itinerant preachers. His wif, who dM
in 17B*1, wan buried by John Waalovj who also
vwited him in 1705 to comfort him under
tlw lo of ono of his aons, lie encouraged
a mttthodiflt nociwty at Bhoraham, headed by
h'w unmarried daug'htor, * tho bold maRonUno-
rift, entertainad the Itinerant
thair atsrmotm, and had
in his kitchen every Friday even-
ing, Ho held a daily bible-reading in his
ft, at flrat at live AM, though it was
two hours later, In 1709
long illnojH, and, when recovering
Jit January 1770, received visits from John
" and from Bellna, Ocmntesa of Hunt-
's ? BMUSTA], who describes
MHO:
a moat hoavanl-mindfld
t Comtm it
t I 817)* In 1771 he upheld J, Wes-
the counter and hot party at the
of fc^w Bristol oonfertmoti,' Wlin IB
yat h^ ww vwitacl by J. Wes-
twfim tiiat Ma intelkot was little if
at all impaired. In his last days ho was
attended by ono of liia ^randclaughtora by
his daughter Elizabeth Brigg's. IIo died on
May 1785 in Ins ninety-second year, and
was buried at Shoroham by Charles Wosloy,
who preached a funeral sermon on the occa~
sion.
Torronet was a man of gr^at pioty, of a
frank, ^(uierous, and cheiwiul temper, gontlo
aud alfoctionato in diRpoaition, and court OOUH
in matmor, His habits wcro Rtudioua ; ho at
ono time took aomo intorost iu philosophical
works BO far as they bore on religion, though
ho chiolly p-aye himsolf to tho fltudy and ex-
position o(* biblical proj)hecy, specially with
ruforoncQ to the socond advent atid tho mil-
lonnium (MctM,&t Maga&imj 1799, p, 101 ),
lie owned a farm in the neighbourhood of
Canterbury 1 , and waa in easy mreumstaneoH,
By !UB wife Charity, who died on f> Deo,
1/(J<% in her Bevc^nty-fonrth year, he lm<l at
least twelve children, of wlioin JljJdward l&
noticod below; Charles, liorn in or about
1723, accompanied 0. Wesley to Ireland in
1747, becamh orw of the Wtwloya' itinerant
preachers, was nornowhat innuCordinate in
1750, and deeply oU'ended J t Wtmley by
printing and circulating a letter at Norwich
contrary to his orders in 17 Hi-; he advo
cated separation from the church, aud i'wonso
to tho preachers to adtninister tho sacra-
ment, against the orders of thu WeleyH, and
took upon himself to do so both to other
^reachera and some moxnbors of the aociety,
"joing, according to C, Wtmloy, actnat.od by
4 cursed prido.' He was onragiul by the Htil!*
misfiion of his party, and afterwards eeaned
to work for the Wesley s, residing at Cantor-
bury with his brother Edward, where he died
unmarried on 12 Ang, 1770, Of the oilier
sons, Vincent, born probably in 1724, died in
May 1740; Thomas died on t) March 1755;
Henry died 17fl ; John, bom 1733, diacl
28 Oct. 1707; and William, when return-
ing from a raMdcmco of ovor two velars iu
Switzerland, whithor ho had gone on business
connected with tho doBcmit c>f the family
estate, died at I )ouay on a 1 )ec. 1781, Of Per-
ronot/s two daughtra, Damarifl, her fatht^r'n
'groat stay/ was bom on S25 July 17U7,
and died unnaarriod on 10 Bt^pt 17H^ ; and
Elizabeth marrioci, on %B Jan, 1749, "William
Brig#ft, of the cufttom-liousts tho WowltiyH*
secretary (Oent* Ma//, January 1749, six, 44)
or ona of J. Woaley'ft * book-nto wards 1 (wee
WKITBHIJA.T), Lif of We*y t ii S201)* Klijsa-
bath and Hdward alono survived thcur father.
Of all Ferronet/fl children, ElbabetlnUonit had
foisue, among whom wan adauglitw, PUllothoa
l^BCTotuvt, marriftd, on %to Auff. 1781, at Shorn-
Perronet
of Kluuh"ih
and
n/ Hv>, j
Baptism/
n lh>Kn
of Hull From tho nwrugn
IVrrouot lo \ViHiiim Jh'i^\ s w |
Homy Powwot IMggs [<j, v,],
portrait paintor.
PemiHot published : 1. * A Vindication of
Mr. Loclco,' 8vo, 17M. S*. * A Second Vin-
ci i oat ion of Mr, Locke/ tfvo, 17.'JS[W wnlor
TUrrr.wu, JOHKIMI], & * Somo
cluVJIy relating to Spiritual lM
the (Opinions of Mr. Ilohhos , . .
notice' of/ 8vo, 1740, 4 ' An A
Addims to the IVoplo called
1747, 5. <A Pofonm of Infant
lihno, 1749. (>, * 8omo I {('marks o
thnsitiHm of Mothodists and (Quakers coin-
pared' (HOO undor LAVINUTON, (iKOKuu, and
London ' Murjazinp, 1740, p. 4JW), 7, *An
Eama4 Exhortation to tho Ht rid IVwtlri* of
Chriallanity/ 8vo, 1750. 8. ( Third holtur
to tho author of the KnthusinNm of M<tfm*
dta' (Lontfon Mttff* 17oi>, p, 4H) k 0. * Soim*
Short hustnu'liotw and IVayorw/ Hvo Jth
edit. 175o, 10. ' Homo KolWtiwiM on On*
ginal Sin/ &c,, Ithw), 1770, 11, * 1'kna)' on
.UccroatioiiH/ 8vo, 1785,
Po.rroni^t's portrail wan rn^ravwl hy J,
SpilHbury in 1787 (HKOMM-iv), and in pvit
in tlio l Methodist Mamudnn/ Novtymkn*
1790.
EDWAIID PKUKONHT (17^1" 170^), bymn
writer, won of Vmci'iitand (-hnrily P*rron*( f
was boni in 17iil, lie wan John \VYloy*H
companion ouliw viit. to tho nort.li in 174$^,
and mot, with rough treat immt from thouwli
at Bolton. lio bocsamc onc of WcinlnvV
Itinorant pvoacliors, wan on mont iViwtclly
torma witli both John and OharlcH Woahty,
who wpoko of him an 'trunty Ntnl I '*trrti /
and scomfl to have made an nnfortuwit^Hn^
pfostion that lod John Wwloy to marry Mm*
Vazsoillo (TYHRMAN, ii. 104)*, Yet twn )>y
that time hin impatience of control hml
caused aomo troubles to John
in 17fi(), wrote to him tliat,
his brother Charlen IVrroiu^t
liked, they either could not or would not
preach wfwro ho (Itwirtul (tV;, p, 85). Iu
1754-5 Porronot, in common with his brother
Charles, urged separation from thn chuwh
and tho grant of liceiwo to tho itinerant H to
admini**tor the flaoramonffl* H wan at t-hat
date living at Canterbury (HCW aht>vo) in n
house formt^l out of part of tlm (lcl archi-
episcopal palace. TUs attack on tho church
in tho 'Mitro' in 175(1 cauwcl th Wch*yM
deep annoyance; they prevailed on him "to
suppress the book, but ho appeam to haw
given some copias away to Ing Mlow^tint*-
rante, after proinisini? to flupprft it, (JImrlt
Wesley wrote a violent letter to !u brothw
John on the subject on 10 Nov. of that year I
from flu* fir-*! MI*! !isnt f * F if rivtrtjir^ fi-i'*i ntirl
had poUotiPil ill** inuiJ * <!' f li< Mf!iy pr i rii!n
rs ; fhfit h<* tt'Hii'h'rftl n)**>if tV-'tit h j '>"-*
to htMHt* * iu a IfUiis^hi;' \vii\ ft* lit/ mii'l tl*)4 f
ho hal b**tf'P 4 i;o JIMJMO f '* In w it'" * ?if I *;i*s -
out and llt{i-fl In h:w t!tij /'?,?,'.' ft, u*v
lijio.M U'rrrl^'fl 'ftnrr r/', f>. l ,v*h, IU *r U
find pr.ilwltly ^arli*^ Iv IHL! r- i f , t>*
roilltivfi'il \\itll U '.|c| ; h ; M .1 fi.*
C^unilft'ri'-t f HttUf !U;*'i''!i'i l j '"*111t" iJ."J$, ;||j4
prrnt'lird uul't* li*j' J>i*r,'f?it , -j* i ',isu' rli'^t'i,,
Norwii'h. iitit! '! <""w lu*?', Hitli -*MM}^ ,i; t H''*j,
Th^ t'liuiif**'. s, fi<tt'*n*"f, i iH><,'.t ,?f t! t^ifli
JltlU fH* II' 1 ". U*'lf'?|l t'Ui,;; 1 !! <; fllrffMl f^v*
rluirrli nf l-jir'liisdj MJft lt' !'l;r!rf>** ( %* r< 'i^'4
to Wft*ii tt1l''l"f hiT I f-*/" */ S''.\4j l f ' ir)f/,f
^f //ww/wi.f/''!^, ii, l!U HI, jjtjii iu'niW'i
ntiiU'sfri* ttf (t "?titlf r!isij**4 it! 1 *M$s^'i 4 l^srv
with Ittl itKli'Ji-'li'l* *f ft 1 '!^, 1 ;"^ 1 ^"* 1 ^ 1 ^ 5 *' It*4irl
on H Jjttt, r/ti:*, fttid ttH'i Iwfv-J tti ffjH r Hii|J|
(loi-it^p uf tin* nifli. ,!r;il ?'-l'f '.mf*- rt ir ^ ti^M/
bitter itl fi 4 tj ( f*n\
trol, Iu M!*| itf*'" !
In 1H*J:J iiitii^itufn
>!' tt 1 1 *'*it
Jw'fnr^ I M*^* if i s ? % iii'% rhrn*
tiHK Haiti** wttH lHitiii! f nul ! lu^l MI l<*c*
lnr will hsijtn jtr*m*4 tit i^'s'fitilwr *
i fif th* Olit i|ti*l Xi'HV T*"if?iiiiP}|t *i*f'n
* l&w J7AS. tf, *Tti>* Mir*%ft wr*<l
ii f * Hvo, "*rinfrl IT/*** In ^tij !V** n l^*l*^
li fflflt f^II* ;ifiu*'* ll|r4^f* li^*? Hilt*
l ||fi^Mtl ):y ^Huif** rtMlfwi'tU 1 ;* if
e*rt wiily jtrinh'*! in 17.VK, tuif * m-'w
*|ingp limy lniv*t b-r Ajiji|i^'*l iit 157**';
'oi ttt Uu*
i{Uiiin fwnti tttti iwttti^r, Hi^itwi K, j, m
'h it fniiinliiit n *tnl! wnl
it(tw*lt on tb' flttitvli *if Kttgliititi It, luift
withimt tlm miUuirV tmtm*. In
of the* rtiifi* f ttt*ttttifif wiy*, * I
of KttKlniitl, titjf I tit(Hk Ii^i* iiHi^ni^*/
'*A Hmnll i*tili*rfbit
/ Itfmo, liWu nit j, tfj*Ui
wi4i-Ji<nvit hymtip *AIt foiii tlt^ ymffruf
Per rot :
Josm'n name/ which first, appeared in tho
'Uospd JMagasshuV 1780, without signature.
[Life of V. Porronot hi Mothodist Map;, vol.
acxii, January-. April 1701) ; Tyorman'ri Lifu of J.
AVuKloy, 2nd edit;. ; Whiti'lioud'H Life of Woslry
J. Wesle/H Journal, ap. Works, 1821) ; Juckaon's
Journal, &c., of (J. WoHluy j Life and Time* of
frtolina, Countess of Huntingdon; (lout, Mag.
January 1741) xix. 44, July 181,'} Ixxxii. 82;
Pcrrot
gy, art '1'ommot, KthviirtV by Dr,
Orosavt; family ^upm and oLhor infoniiatiou
from Miss Kdith Thompson, 1 ] W, II,
,UKOUUK(m(M 780), baron
of the exchequer, born in 17 10, belonged to
the Yorkshire branch of tho Perrots of Porn-
brolteshiro. He wan the second nonof Thoiuaw
Pierrot 1 , prebendary of Itipou and rector of
Wollwry in the^Norlh Riding of Yorlwhire,
aiid of Kt.. ,Martin-in-Midclegatie in the city
of York, by IIIH wife AnaHtania, daughter of
the Rev, Ooorge Plaxton,re,ctor of Warwick-
ia*Mlnut iiU.ho Wtmf. Riding of YorkHhin^
After receiving his education at. We,fltminster
Scliool, Iw wan admitted a student of i\w
Itmer Temple in November 1 7^8, and wan
called to the bar in 17*'{^ In May 1757 ho
wan elected a bencher of !U"B inn, and in 1 759
was made a Idng'n coiuiMcL On 1(1 April 1700
he opened the WHO against Laurence Shirley,
fourth earl Forrern, who wiw tried for the mur-
der of John Joluwon by the House of Lords
(Howm,r n Mtfttft 7 f m/^xix, 894), On 24 Jan,
170H ho wan called to the depfreo of fiBrjoant,
and appointed a baron of the oxchoquer in
tho place of Hir Henry Mould the younger
& v.'| He was Ht/issod with a lit of palsy at
aidlone during 1 tlu^ Lent asais?oB in 1775,
and nhortly aft (Awards retir(d from tho
Iwnesh with a pension of l$QQL a year.
Having purchased the manor of Flad'bury
and othur considerable tmtatOH in Worctwter-
shins ho retired to Perohore, wlmro ho died
on #8 Jan, 1780, in fcho aevontioth year of
his age, A monummit was erected to his
memory in tku parih church at Laleham,
Middlwx, in purHuanco of directions con-
tained in his widow's will, lie was never
y of tho ,/tV/c/M of Owryp 777, 1894,
i, ^^), 1 Us curious power of discrimination
maybe ostimut ed by theoonoluHiou of IUH sum-
ming-up ou a t.riai at, J^xelur as to the right
to a certain stream of water: 'Gentlemen,
there aro liftoon witnesses who swear that
the watercourse used to How in a ditch on
the nort.li side of tho hedge, On tho other
hand, gentlemen, there aro nine wit-noanes
who swear that t.lu^ watercourse uwed to How
on the south sidu of the hedge. Now, gen-
tlemen, if you Niiblrad; nine from iifteon
thorp remain six witnesses wholly nncon-
tradictod; and 1 recommend you to give
your verdict accordingly for the party who
called those six witnossoH ' ( KOHW, Jutlyw of
Jfaf/lmtrl, ,18(1-1., viii, .%/>). Jt appeara" from
Itw married, in 174^, Mary, only daughter
of John Bower of Bridlmgton Quay, x ork-
ftliire, and widow of Peter Whitton, lord
mayor of York in 17^8, Parrot loft no
dmclwn. 111, witlow died on 7 March 1 784,
atfi*d H^ A.ccording 1 to .Horace Walpole,
IVrfot vrhilo on circuit ' was HO ftervilo aa to
i www m end* feow the bench a congratulatory
' to the king on the poace of 17(i$
appea
preaentcul by Pen-oft to the UOUHO
ofOoinmotiH that in" 1 7(50 he wan the sole
owner and proprietor of the navigation of
t.he river Avon from Towkoalmry to Kvos-
hani,
[The authorities (jnotml in the toxtj Barn-
W(ir Perret, NoteH,,lH(7, pp. 1084); JMomurialfl
of Kipon (SuiMcoH Bee, PuhL 1880), ii. !Hf>;
Na.sli'w Won(i8t,orHhiro, 1781, i. fltt8, 447^8,
Huppl, pp. 50^01 ; Burko'H JjiuidodtUmtry, 1840,
i, 128; Mnrtia's MaHtovH of tho JJoncii of tho
Innor Tomplo, 188,*J, p. 7(5; Alumni Wentmon,
52, p. r>-AG; Oout. Ma^. 177.5 p, ,101, 1780
JOB, 1784 pt, i. p. a8; Ilujdn'tt "Book of
gniLioH, 1890; Notes and CiuonoK, 8th nor.
v. 34.7,411,] <}. b\ K. II
PEEBOT, lUSlSrUY (/. KJOO-lOiKJ), epi-
fyrammatiflt, [8te PARKOT,]
( PEEEOT, R i 'u J A M" MH ( 1 571-1 (5.17), poli-
tician, borntit llarroldatou in Pombroki^luro
in 1571, i ntated to have been an illi^it.itnato
son of Hit* John Perrot ['q. v,] by Sybil Joans
of I ladnornhiro, He mat^riculat.e.d Jroin JUHUH
College, Oxford, an Hir Jolm'H Hucond on, on
B J uly 15HO, aged 14, loft, the university with-
out a decree, entered tho Middle Temple in
1500, and, ' aftorwardft travelling, returned
an aecomplMi'd gentleman' (WOOD), lie
settled down upon the estate at Ilurroldston
which had boon given him by hw father, and
seems for a time to have dovot.ed liimwelf to
literary 1 composition. In 1/19(5 was print-ad
at Oxford, in quarto, by Joseph Bamaa, liia
exceedingly rare < Discovery of Dincontejnted
Minds, w'heroin^ their several worts ami pur-
poses are described, especially auch an 'are
gone beyond y** St^aa/ which \va dodteated
to the 'Earl of Enaex, and had for its object
to ' restrain thoae dangerous malcontents
who, whether OH Bcholara or soldiorw, turned
fuf(itiva or r^nejyadoft, tuul wettlod in fon^ign
countries, (wptnually under th umftrage of
tho king of Wpain, to negocmto
Porrot
and invattioMN ' (of. OMIYH, "Catalogue of, ///.<A>*N/IV. l*il7). In tli* |isr!i
Pamphlets in the llarleian l/tbrnryy HttrL \ Permt t n tt'fmwtifjifiyt* lor
A/w. x. ttfirt). This wan followed iu^UiOO i Pemlwih**, phv'4 a !*"# **!?*'
by 'Tim Firt Part of the Consideration of
Hvmano Condition; wherein w eontniiuHl
thoMorall CoiiHidoraliou of a M'an'n HeltV: ngft'mtit Kuwl.
UH what, who, and what manner of Man he Perwt phiywl n f^m^l^raW** j*gff in JIM
itt,' Oxford, 4to, Tliis was to lw followed by , nativn rwmtv In III* I ht* tvruw* 1 l-^^
thrpo parts dealing reflectively with tiw ! of tin* myf mim* in IVm!nvta"Jiir^, itttil
political consideration of thiu^H under UK, the j from it bout I hat j*eri*l IIP t*4tmt?trftr<'*i f ? SJH^
natural connidwation of things about UH, | iw deputy vtcf^ntiiinm) fr list* Ivirl *f I VIM *
and tho intttaphyHUuilconRidorattouof th'mjjH J Imtki*. In August lil"*^ It^ \vrf*' t< fb
above us; nono of which, however^ apptftnul. ; ^ovtrnmettt thtil
Porrot also drow up *A Book of the Birth, i tlK^Houth^wer^cni
Education, Lifo and l)eatb, and ningular j for o\vr it ft>
g-ood PartH of Sir Philip Midnoy,* which Wood nipl ivt in Mi
appoarn to hav noon in manuHoripl, und | Idi'll he ftrfml
which Dldya * oarnwHtly denired to meet, with/ Ketitaf tvn (f llii
but which was evidently nover printed, In ! and wrote fmjwi
the WHfant'titno Perrot, luul repres(nhul tho j ' rospwHng fbo nrei
borough of ll.avoribniwisst in the purliament ' \vrec Kei% ntnl the
of ir){)7"8, and during the progress of James I fving Milfnrd Mnv
to London he. wiM in July HKW knighted nt t'he \*ij>*tni? C\ut ,
the hoimoofrtir William Kleetwood, lie Mat. wrihed 't*7, I(k lit*
again for Ilayorfordwesl. in tlie prlintimtif. tntion.-utud Pravustin flii*f^*fd% IV'
of KSOi, and in th 'Addled parhamtmt. 1 of Ten (*ownmMdiwntV I*iniln lr,
] 1 4, "vvhon ho took a vigorotw part, in the. nt jus huu^Mtf Ilurfnl*! ^*ft*tf*| I*Vt*
dobatoB on the impositions, and Hlmwt <t> , and \\nn burii'*! lit thr rtmrnvf r*F Kt'
the full the indignation o,vpnw(d t^y tht '('luuvh, Huu<rfot'<l\\t*t.t, Ilr inirrj^
lower IIOUHH at the speech of liishop Uit*hnir<l tltttightef of liuttft't A''fifii*I*t if<*
Nuilo [q, v,], (jueHtioning tht rompotencn tf
the coxmuonn todetilwit.li tluHMubject* \Vhen
])arliainntmt)fc again ui KtM it contained fow ! ibn
mmnbors who worn 1 intoned to with greater
willmgntwa than Ptwoti, who combined exptw | ^ ,
rionco with a popular manner of Bpsniktng, It ^ rih"l T v
waslio who on (5 Keb, UW1 movtHJ thattJm m \ t \\\\^
hoiiHO should rocoivtj the communion fit Ht, \^ \in^b\\"i**M\*t 7ul r ^''Y'Tr^H <lfll ! llf
MargpotXuntlwlu>/inJunfsmovuiau*.lnm* NwnVi t*^i5 ( *?r*^ *f tli KoLitN j U>J pi7* *U
tion in favour of ivHMiHting Jiuww*** cluldrtm PiirliamHtUiVv Hwf. v, ;ti u'ii ''wn (**M*ot^
in the Palatinate, which way rwwi veil by tiw ( Parl, HinU, hiort, inii), TulU; iUr*lui'v'VTiifl<*
hbnae with onthiwiamn, and <ielnttl by Sir ' f Kl. iv* JJN, 7, P.!H t ;*j/i 4 '44/1; ^i.^Mn^/i
Edward Cecil to be an inspiration 'from ; Ifwwi siis, M; WittmmA Mttttnih/iv^^< M *. k l .
heaven, and of moro oflect Hhan if wo hud . ""'"'
ten thousand soldiara on tho umrch.' I Ater \
on, in November 10^ L he gpoke in favour of ,
a war of diversion and attauk upon H] mtn in i PlliliOf, Hut JOHN
the Indies, Hitherto ha had an eee*wfully com- \ Itinl rlofnitv uf frHurt*} tvomtuc
Wned popularity in the houw with &v<m rat! bo tlm wm of Htwv* Vllf/
court,. and had specially gratified tlm kiti^ wmbbnl in AHU
by supporting lam plan to try Hacon'M ciw | (afltvfwiinl^ tin* w
before a special commtsnion; but inDtwmlwr ' ofltlirj*t*m uml *IIIIT.WIHIHI m i'vfiii Krt
the wmthofhiBdpnimciafcionof thoHpuimh I AiriO, WMH bim, imlii iiJ JU^U *m
marriage, and big inAiflt-cmco upon frwh ! itteut 14J7 C'NAjjfft l^il*i*
guarantees against popery, canned him to bo i Art^-^ L ^ : ^ ft^i~ : ... ./. ' ? "- 1 *'
numbered ^amtmg tws * ill-tom-powd flpijrtt*.* Jin <
H0 was, in, consociuoncd* Buly'iw*tMl tn ?/Wj
7 v-v.*wnj^.,v**^^ ^uwiWr^'W* MI iwi (f>rn* ^?f*p * "fftftrrif. ipi r*iti. H.rMfii #iii **
konmnUe bMubmont to Ireland, M mem . the p> f ^htwB J J* B bl'CS
nL i -^ F* s ^ M . I)Iflowt ' Snt lwl(!of Wiitiwii JVMtM.tfr*! ;" J "iViW
.Dpiar]oommuionfennv W tij?(it,inpf certain , i chwtwfti, v.) I Uuintttfr.nhniuL. i i^
gtievance 8 ittlroland Woon; cf, OAMIKKII, to ft v4 ml w ll a U^S "l $t S tS
Pei-rot
21
PclTOt
S37 Fob, 1571. A day or two afterwards
Fitasinaurico burnod the town of Kilmallock,
and Porrot, recognising the importance of
reaching tho scat of his government with-
out loss of time, hastened to Dublin, and,
having taken tho oath before Sir Henry Sid-
ney [q, v.l, proceeded immediately to^Oork.
From Owk he marched directly to Kilmal-
lock, where he took up his quarters in. a half-
burned house, and issued a proclamation to
the fugitive townsmen to return and repair
the walla and buildings of the town. While
thus engaged, information reached him one
night that the rebels ^ had attacked ^ Lord
Roeho ; whereupon, taking with him his own
troop of horse, ho pursued them as far aa
Knocklong. But finding they were likely
to make good their escape among the neigh-
bouring bo#s,ho caused his men to dismount
and to follow them in their own fashion^
and had tho satisfaction of killing- ilftv of
thorn, whoso heads ho fixed on tho market-
cross of Kilmallock, Having placed the
town in a post are of defence, Tor rot pawned
his journey to Limerick, capturing a cawtlo
belonging to Tibbot Burke on tho wny.
Front Limerick, whore the Karl of Tlunmmd,
cyShaughttOtfsy, and Sir Thoiuaw of Ikwwmd
came to him, he proceeded to Cashol, whore
he hanged ^several ' grawy merchants, being
such as bring bread and aqua vita or other
froviflionH unto tho rebels/ and so by way of
'othard, Chmmol, Garrick-on-Suir, and Lis-
moro, near where he captured Moeollop
Castle, back to Cork, which ho reached on
the last day of May,
Fixing IUH headquarters at Cork, he made
excursions into tho territories of tho 'White
Knight ' and the MeBwhuvya, and * alow many
of tho rebels and hanged as many an ho ralpjht
take,' Though greatly huraHsod by his in-
cessant warfare, Fitamauriee had managed
to onliBb a large body of rodwhanks, and with
these ho scoured the country from Almrlow
to OaHtlomamo, and from (Hen Honk to Haiti-
more. Porrofywho spared neither himwilf not
hie mon in hi oflbrt-H to cal'-ch him, in vain
tempted him to rink a battle in tho open, but,
moating him on the edge of ^a wood, ho at-
tacked and routed him, and forced hia alliott
acrowB tho Shannon, On Si 1 J uno ho Hat down
in I'Am&roKogUiro. be Core Oaatlwnaino, but aft or five weeks was
ginca the outbreak of tho rebellion in Ire- compelled, by lack of provisions, to raino tho
laud of James Fitamaurice Fitzgerald [q, v,} ebgo* His eagerness to terminate tho rebel*
in!MB,ithitdbaOttthftottleddotormiiuition lion led him to countenance a proposal fos
o!: 1 i'llfaaboth and har ministera to establish a tho restoration of Sir John of Desmond as a
';reldeiitbl government in Munate similar oountoi?poisetoFitRmaurice|' i BW*Fra<niuri i >
: io tjiwt in Qotoaught, In November 1670 the SIR JOHN FITHMDHTTKD, 16528-10 island oven
|i^$t ww offered to Parrot, and was somewhat
}% A a< ,!it&ttt-* . v aocdptwd fey^ him* Ho rial led from
'^i- LjJ'6Kfil'i;(!aVfl(a fiid arrived at Waterl^ord i
much addicted to brawling, and it was to a
1'nicuH botweun luin and two of the yootiicn of
tho guard, in which ho wan alightly wounded,
that ha owed hi ptirsonal introduction to
Henry VII I. Tho king 1 , whether ho was
acquainted with the secret of his birth or
\vhethor he merely admired Ida courage and
audacity, mnde him a tmnninp of preferment,
but. died before he could ful ill it. 1 V.rrot, how*
over, found apatrnn in Kdward VI, and waa by
him, at IUH coronation, cheated a knight of tho
] lath* Hifl Hkill in knightly exorciHoa aoeured
him a place in the train of the Marquiw of
Northampton on tho occamon of tho lattor'a
visit to France in June Ifi51 to iwgotiato a
marriagobdlAVtMUi Mid ward VI and Mlissabeth,
the infant daughter of Honry II. Ho fully
nvaintainod tlio rt^nU.ation tor pilhvntry he
tiad ac(,(uired at home, and by hiw bravery in
the cluwe HO fascinated tho l?re.nch king that
lio ottered him considerable inducements to
outer IUH Herviec,
Uo( urningto Knglantl,ho found himsolf in-*
volved in coiwidiu'nble 'pecuniary ditlicultinn,
from which ho -wan relieved by tho genwoaity
of Kdward, The fact of hi beiny a ].>ro-
t.OHl.ant did not at lirnt militatii against 'him
wilhliiuuw Mary; but, being accuned by one
CJadem or (-athern, a countryman of las, of
nludtenng htu'etit^ in hiw houao in WaloHand,
nnumg othere hw undo, Robert J^errot, reader
iu UrmU to Kdward V I and Alexander Nowoll
['c[. v 1 (afterwards doan of LichH<ld), ho was
comiuitt ed tt> the Fleet, 1 1 la detention was of
ahort duration t and, being roloastul, ho served
undar tho Karl of Pembroke in Franco, and
was present at tho capture of St. Quentin
in 1557. Ilia wi\wal, however, to assist
Pembroke in hunting clown horetics in south
Walcw cauHod a broiich in their friendly re~
latbnH, though it did not^ prevent tho earl
IVotn gonorouslv using his mflucnoo to bring
to a succoBful issue a suit of Porrot's for tho
castle and lordship of Oarew* At tho coro-
nation of Klteaboth, Porrot was one of tho
four gentlemen cluwwnto carry tho canopy of
etata, 1 and boin,^f apparently shortly alter-
wards appointed vice-admiral of the seas
about south Walos and keeper of the piol
ttfc Itavwrfordwoat, ho for some years divided
his time botwoen the eourt and hl ostato
iuducod him to Baton to a proposal of Fita-
maurice to settle the question by single
combat* FitwMurice, w tho event proved,
Perrot
had no iutvntion of motHmff IVrrot on **|Uu
term**; and, aflor deluding mm with tw> ox-
cuso and another, finally dodtwvd that ft dt*l
waa out of tho quoation. * For/ aaid h f * IF
I should kill Sir John IVrrot tho qitwi of
England can send another prwidunt into
this province ; but if ho do kill mo thoro w
none othor to aucctvd m or to command an
I do * ( UA w i 1 ^ i Kfii ) N , /^Vfc, p, OH ). Porrot wvo m
to ' hunt tho fox out of hut hold * without
further delay. # Shortly aftorwardH h ww
drawn by a trick into a carefully prppaml
ambush. Outmtmborwd by at Iwwt ton or
twelve to ono, ho would cortainly havo lost
his lifoliad not tho opportune arrival of Cap*
tain BowloH with throe ox* four Holdiorn CAUHIH!
Mtemaurice, who niiwtoole thorn for tlu* ad-
vanco guard of a larger body, to withdraw
hastily , Kvtm thin Iwwon did *ot t^ah I Vrrofc
] >rttdonco* For having*, an ho boliovt^l* driven
."^itsimaurioo into a corntsr,lm ttllowtul himwlt*
to bo tloludod into a parity iindor covt^r <f
which Kitssmaurico nuuuig'tnl to withdraw hm
wen into nafoty* In Juno If>7ii lio ugftin wat
down boforo ^iiHtloiuaiiu^ atitl t after a thrco
xnontliH' bltu'-kiulo, forci'd tho plan* tt> sur*
xondt^r* I lo imcoinit^rod KitMnauruMswhowntf
advancing to its rolitf nt tho bond of a lunly :
of Wooto-lrinh inrrconurit*.*!, in MacHrian('OtH
imgh\s country. KitjsmauHro, liow*vor with
tho hulk of Inn followor r numitpni tt> malu*
good hw oHt*,apo into tho wood of Aharlow.
IVrrot-V tIVort I o tx nul tlunn \vi*n^ t*ripplid by
tho rofiwal of bin Houliorn to wrvo until tht(v !
rucoiviul Homo of t-Iuur arroaw of pity. Jtut
tho garrison at Kilmalloclc, itKiUtiMl by Sir
Edmund and Kdwnrd .HutU^rtmd^riulmlmir'* ;
ablo Rorvioo ( andFitiiinaurtot^ ilndiii^htm^plf '
at, tho raid of law ttithtT, nuod for wwy* I Vr*
rot. roluctantly coiwt'nt o<l t o pardon hfm* I lit
was Homuwhat roeoju'.jlod to ilim tuum* by
Fitzmauric f H Htibmrnrnvn fittitut!t% ami rtiitj-
forttfd hlmfiolf with tho hopo tlmt tht* t,\-
robol l( having Htmn tlw terror of bin wnyx,
would ovont.iially provo * a wt'owt ISt l*mtl*
Having tluw, an ho viiudy imnifiwHl, rt*
storod tranquillity to Munrtt!r, In* fn*^l to
bo allowtul to rot urn lumuv I hiring hw f iwu w
of odlco hw had kilUwl or hftit^ni at Inti^t
eifllvt hundriK^TOWM, with thw low of only .
eighteen Exipflwhuum, atul hud dmui mnnt*
thing to abtituto Rnglwh cutrnH ftr Irt*h
in tho proviooo, But tlm mvw hml t*M
severely on hia eonatitution ; and for wry
white hair that he had brought ovr wlrli Urn
Iw profited he eoulcl hw nixty. Ilii wnti
uifiati8flt)d with KltoalmtU's dotorminntitm tn
' J Q-erald Pitralcl ? iftonth wart <rf '
[c , v,]t lio
by r
awt reached him of Ewfw inUr&nm<$<* with
i and, though abtu tojiwtify liiw*
H*lf,ho iT*wM ill !m^l h* In* rrjr?!"i*Hf
thi privy **iwirl ff hi-* r'<{M*t in
to tho I*Ht*t iitti! l*iwl*a Ff^'iifii v*'^*! I
frtn l*ftrf^tl
which ho hud f
A jfirucofu! ftt<*rf fliaiili^ IV-tii Kl
dwtriUK lum to cMntuittt* tit In:* !-:*<* filnl
to alt or III** ff^iilitf iviii ; ii4 in *l\v K*M* IP*
Mtiditoitl r'fwriH*i fn Ktiglrtiplmtflpnif l-*iv*
ciow thittt
ftloadmif tlMtmUh n* tits ^f*to %r 11^1 n +
turning to Muiwiir, % 4 li*i>' h< w/i *VIM-
timtly u|*
f|, v* j,ho rt*iirtl tn Wnhv* 1***
(1ckrid tlmt if wiw IttH itu ( tittm t 1**1 *i
count ryttmnV llf*% itnd f Kwj iwt !l*t
But- itM ono ijf t!i* wnuifil <t I In* imm*iM^
ami vlco-fulwinil fif tho Wolh '.* In* fVtiittit
plonty to ut^Mtjjy Im utt*mtitm 4W|wr$lli~ in
u|jm*HHinff jtjriiVy Aloti^ tltt* tnift*i IrC ^W^
J/riy, ls;t}>, ii 't*>O in Mnv t*VJ^ a fm-
laint wiw !:?n*lorwHl niinnt liiin b Ilirliiipl
of tyrannicuf t*o"dtu!t, truilicKm*:' with |*
tid mthvi'Diin?) of u-tu*, JV-rrnt Itl
in iVMiir*iL"*hri\
In Au^tixt JV/j*iu \VN tltti**l tnrtnuttm^t
of a ^t{UH(iroU it|i|tUi|fnI (it ffiii'v Mil' tilt*
Wt,Httrii otwtt of Irrliiiit^fo iiil4'f*"t*|*f ?! t (
utr*\v uny H(mi>i?*h v**/it'lri iiMtwiiu t* fli>^
wiitow, UttL**J,\y||, hf^a
in Iwrnr*! th* U*n*'it|,f^ i%
On I IKt'i|,ii*titst*litf"!tlii
t rotttitry rt*ttI4 iiflMfii/
l fr*m rlirJi r^finf H!
r*!i^ turi Sir WiUmm J
iif?*li^ rlntlli Idliffljfi 4 ti
\\HIiiiiH Pt'lftiisii ', v,
tt nrt fit** tmii **f Sfrttft
fit ri*ffirn ;iTim<i. In f,la* Jl^
ho foil in with IM* U'i'yfMM, n |rnirt,
hit
.:iffsji*l| wit fcfwf Kin!i%h
IIM *mr<^*^t* l iti ifHlntn^tf tlrt
il in f,i|riy,
Wiiwirtti^if i triiriiii* 6 ?* imt i f ii*4
witt with tin* ifitww ; sin! ^r!y in
fiwn :*!tiiili4llfi^|ifiii4 H*
inp ! VV)T iii t % ^miikm! ^ ^rs ; ;
tt> tliit privy fjwtiiirii, uttd, li*^i^ ';
%IMi4i*i*iiitt* Uk'K U'yri^l na* ttti 1 ^
Per rot
Ferret
t Ui i M'arwluilwwi. But, ]\(\ luul powerful friends
ut eourt.; and shortly aftor Ponrot'H rcUinito
WuloH ho waft released) and letters were ad-
tlroHHedto the judges of awrtisso in South Wales,
aut'horifliuff thorn to reopen t ho cano. Though
Huflbring from tho aweatiug BiclmosN, Porvot
nt once obeyed tho mimmons to i attend the
UHHifcOH at IlavorfordwoKt. Ho Huceouwfully
exculpated hi mHolf and obtained a verdict of
u thousand marlw dauiapfcm u^aiiiHt Wyriott.
1 1 v had acquired considerable reputation as
;preBidtmt of M uiiHtor, and a plot or plan which
:io drew up at tlio command of the queen, in
ir>8 1 * for the Huppronninif of rebellion and tho
woll-governing- of I relawl 1 marked him out an
u mutable HtteeoHHort o tho lord deputy, Arthur
(Irey, fourteenth lord Unvy do Wilton fq. v.],
wlw \va rwliod in A nguHti 158& Never*
thetoMH, ho wan not appointed to the pont till
17 Jan, IftH'J, and it WUH not till iil Juno that
Im received tho nword of Htato from tho chan-
collor, Arehbwhop Adam I ^ofl UM [q, v.'j Frowi
IUH acquaintance with tlu^ Ht)uthum provim;o
lio WHH tltunned wi^ll (malilicd to Huporyiso
tht^ gtoat work of tho plantation ol Mini*
gtycm to formor vicoroyn ; but among thona
prtvatttly added by thn privy council wan one
dirtictuitf him to tjotwidoi* how St. Pdtriok'H
(Jutluulral and tho rovoutioa brlon^ing to it
might bt^ uuido to norvci 'tut had l>oou fclioro*
toforo iuton<lttd f for tb,o oroction of a oollo^o
in Dubluu II w govorumont bt^an p^ouj-
l-'unwly, and a remark of hia oxprtiHHivn of IUH
<l<>HU"o to HO tho namti of luwbandman or
ytunnan Miilmtitutt'4 lor tltat of churl wan,
t( l ( Vnttn f widely and favourably
upon, Tlw day following hin
ordir was IHHIUHI lot a gunoral
t tho hill of Tura, on 10 Aug., for
weeks, 1 u tho interval L*crot prepartMl to
make 1 * a t<jur of innpection tlu^nigh (Tomiau^ht
and M mutter for tho purpono oi eHtahliwhing
Hir UicliArd Bingham [q* v.] and Bir John
Norrin (1547F" t,507)[n*v,1 hi thturrospoctivo
governm^ntw* U'ohfid alroady rocoivwltho
mibmiHftiou of the ehwfliiinB of Oonnau^htaml
Thomotul, and wan on hia way from Jamriclc
to Cork whmi tho IKWH reached him that a
larfftt body of Hubriduatx Bcota had lauded in
O'l)onmir country* Norria was Inclined
to think that rumour had, m \wual, exag-
^uwitftd thft nutnbcvr of tltu invaders; but
l*orrotj who probably enjoyed tho pronpoct
of fighting, dotfirminttd to rwturn at ouco to
.Dublin and, aiiwxwrity for the ptmct* of
ntor, to tak with him all protootooB
Iwirncd that tlio Scota luul evaded tho
Ktmt to intercept thorn at Loug'h Foylo and
had returned whence they eamo, ".Ualf a
nnlo outwido tho town Turlou'h Luineach
O'Neill [q. v.] mot him, and ]>ut in his only
son aw puulgo of hia loyalty, n did also Ma-
,fonni8, M'acJMahon, and O'iltinion. But
having come so far, Porrot determined to out
at tho root, an ho boliovod, of the Scoto-Triah
dilUculty, and to mako a resolute ollbrt to
expel ttie MacDonnolla from thtur flottle-
monts along the Antrim count. An attempt,
at which ho apparently connived (AYflfa
Papcn, IroL Kliss. cxii. S)0, ii.),toasHaHftinato
Sorloy Boy MacDonnoll [q.v.'j failed, and
Porrot, roaortiiigto more legitimate methods
of warfare, divided hia forcoH into two di vi-
sions. The ono, under tho command of the
]0arl of Ormonde atid Sir John JN orris, ad-
vanced along" tho lofti bank of tho Batm and
Acourod tho woodw of Qloncoitkoiu; "while
himflolf, with tho othor, prt)coodod through
Olandoboyo and tho Ulinnea. On 14 Wept,
he sat down before Ouuluco C/aHtlo, winch
8\irrt\ndered at discretion on the aoeond or
third day, Sorloy Boy oHcajwd to Hcolland,
hut; l^rrot got. pownoflHion ot 'holy Oolmnb-
kiUe'n ( k ,ross, a god of great veneration with
Hurley Boy and all UlNtor/ which he wmt to
Walwingliam to proneut to Liuly WalHing-
On WO A,ug ho got out for 'I J later, acoonx-
hy tho Karla oi (Jrmondft anil Tho-
and Sir J'ohu Norriu. At Nuvvry ho
luun or Lady Siilm\y, A mazer garnwhtul
with Hilvor-gilt, with Horley HOY^H arms en
graved on the bottom, ho Houti to \ jord Burgh*
Uiy, An attempt to land on Uathlui Inland
was fnwtratod by Htunviy weadhor, and, fool-
ing that the noawon was growing too advanced
for further operation^ Perrut returned to
Dublin,
Meanwhile he had not boon unmindful
of hit* charge regarding St. Patrick^, On
*Jl Aug. ho Hubmilted a plan to WaUiingham
for converting the catiheclral into a court-
IIOUBO and the caiiona' ho uses into inna of
court, and for applying tho revenuew to tho
erection of two colleges* When tho project
became known* aw it speedily did, it wan vehe-
mently oppoHod by ArehlnMho]) LoftUH \(\. T. j
On ii Jan. "15B5 V(wot wan inlbrmed" that
there woro grave objeotioiw to hi Hcluuno, and
that it wan doBirablo for him to etmBult with
thearchbwUop, Vorrot fora timorofuHotl to de-
sist from hi project, atul never forgave Loftuw
for o'ppOHing him. There can be liUlo doubt
that IU'H biundoringhostility towardn t.ho arch-
'bishop was a principal cause of lib* downfelL
Another nchomo of hia for bridling tho
Irih by building ROVOU townw, HO von bridgew,
and ae von fortified oaathm iu dUIuremt parta
of tho country farod equally unpropitiously,
(Uvcm r0,00(i/ a year for three yiuira, ho
to pomuuioutly wbjugato
PciTOt
24
IVrrot,
and took the unusual nmrao of addressings ho
parliament of England on tho subjoct. Hut
walsinpfham, to whom hotmbmit tea the letter
(printed in tho ' Government of Ireland/ pp.
44 sq.) promptly suppressed it ,on tho ground
that tho qut x eii would certainly reaont any ono
but horaolf moving parliament. Nor Indeed
did his manner of dealing with the I lebridoau
Scots arpfuo woll tor bin ability to carry out
his more ambitiourt prnjoet, Scarcely throe
months had elap^ou winco tho oxjmlsion of
fcSorloy Boy bolore ho a^min mureodod in
pllecting n landing on tho coast, of Antrim,
II o was anxious, ho doelarod, to boeomn a
loyal subject of tho crown, if only ho could
obtain legal ownership of the. territory ho
claimed, 'But Forrnt insisted on unqualified
submission, and, despite the ivmoiiHtrancos of
tlio council, be^an to inako preparation fur
a trewh expedition against him. "Whou
miizahuth licard of Inn intention, who wan
greatly provoked, and rend him a nhurp loo*
iuro on 'such rash, unadvised jwmioyn witli-
out good ground as your last Journey in tho
north.' AM it; happened, JSir lionry Huffouttl
and Sir William St-auley wore cuito ahlo to
cope, with Sorley Hoy, and the Irish parlia-
ment boinpf appoint tul to moot on ill? April*
after an interval of mxtoHi yeans, Forrnt ;
found ttufliciont to occupy hi,H attention in
Dublin,
A Gorman nobleman who hnpptmtnl to bo
vimtinfr Iruhmd waa ^roat ly impre.sHi'd with
lii ajipearanco at tho opening ot parliatnont,
anddotilarod that, though ho iuul travelled Jill
over Europe, ho hud never soon any man cum-
parablo to him ; tor IUH port wul* inujonty of >
parliament proved u eomploto failure* A
.bill to siusptsnd Pnynin^n* Ar^t, which ho i
ropcardocl as nocuwnaVy to facilitato Ic^iMla- j
tion, was nyod-ed on'fcho third rondin^ by a ,
majority of thir(.y-iivo, Another bill,' to
milwtitute a regular system of t nxation in
lieu of tlunrrog-ulftr mtithod of i',s t Klmrotl '
a Bimilar iato, and Forrot could only pro- :
ro^uo parliament, and udvwo tho pttiuKh'* ]
ment of tho loadoro of the opposition. '
Tired of his inactivity, Forrot roMumtul htN
plan ^ of a northorn campaign, and having!
appointed Lol'tUB and Wallop, who utron^ly
disapproved of liia mttwtion, junticoH in hw
absonco, ho sot out for Ulstor <m HI July,
But misfortune do$g-ed bin foot*top, Fur
hardly had horoachou Dunguunon when wot
woathor rendered f urthor progrow imp(wiblo f
B IB timo,liowoT()r,\vatt not altogutlmr WfttocL
For besides settling certain territorial difltv '
wnces between Turlough Luimmoh O'Ntnil
and UugUO'NoUl, oarl of Tynmo [. v.l h
reduced Ulster to shire ground/ Uc ru-
' turned to Ihtblm nf lh i !<;,::wu?,; o! ."* j-
touihor. Six wvl>4 latn* S*r!') Ui*\ V"
oanturo<1 IhtnltU'i* ruNtb-, mid r'-tHin<^l ht, i
*tourbt*d with t!n frtmo/ and pnni^O'l ni
: l?niw bittorlv, ami ^ytjnl f" lo rvtU >!.
I Eventually ho conM'ntfnl fo junt Sorti'V
j Hoy, mid fi ^ruut him l'tt ( r^ *f tl'mtfn*u
\voro pnu'firuHv bi'h oVk'tt tot'tur^ In
our ronpoi*t Forr^f ronM rlniin fi \\t\\ ^ hvn
t nnd Tlu>io4 tvifh
'HHurato with hta i'\protHftMU?* uitt
' duo in u bu'jjjo utJott^Ufo t tlto iiistinfr-** of
"Sir lionry Siilnoy, wn u urK whu r h >"
doubtodly tvntrihutoil ftt tlt^ )VAW nd
Htability of tho wewfern |irt\iiu'*'- l*jsr!i?-
niont rou,*Mt*iul)htl oil *tl ;\|*ni l**" ; il k iui*i t
for f hi* iltf fitislri*'f"? ho M ill
of Prsmoiul ani Vwijwnt Hliu; !(>, ^vu
tlisst>l\ otl <>n 1-1 Mnv.
OJH
. Sir Clouflrey 1'Vnttm* uhu ut lu f Muti I huti
*uflnbto Hitd plni^tuj'/ hail * uio*' t^tnv fa
rhanffo hU tipiumn in that r"|).'r r , lYnvf,,
; it- l,H truo, OtHtld t'Otinf <>U f!,r tb-^.-hMiv *i|'
( ' but thoir inJltnv in tb- rMun.-iI wn ( >'MU>M
;jnrattvt'ly HUM 11 HIM! fh ir ^'i,*.}.,^!! rij'.^t 4
ttit) to UH c'brtrfr'o of |ttirMtffi:J; u suiti t"i^-
lish pullrVr Nor \xrri^ hia r "4;; -tin *u*,'ii<Ii
find Captain CWloit Itatl IMIJ^ r, ?jj|d.*i. 4 !"
hniu iidtlrd him tu tJi** I*iu n * Iiif ..i 1 4iti|
OUritii(\ s n tvftrly in S'jtfo'nibt'j' iu-^1 n |ir^.*
bntfy ff fv*i hitnl*'4 iiivti'ir'4 i *<!' i'U;'if tit
npo with thoiii, M-ut to lS-rr"t JMI* r^*
foirfiru'itf?!* Tin" ilrputv tt-'t H*iK c- ntph^vi
with hi.t rotjui'-.t, tut, m Mj.^M'j?I.*a f^ tlu*
julvtro tif tho <tttnt'l t \vr iif to r^iitiwn^lif.
, Hi* hntl, liuttvii'f, ? 1;!v r^^'jw-ii
tlmt t4o Scot,** ltli*f fh*ur tilhr-^ ts,i4 !'<'
^
Dublin, ht<<**wtimt<'tUii:4 JHiintii'Y f* Uitlw^
though ly i tlij( Jin ifit!ifi^*ii4 f^ ty ws4
/ llw
Mtttra**, Hut wtii'.t|$rf
WltS
**^ or wliH
provwl of tu
Pcrrot zj
government, bin presence, had undoubtedly
the, effect of weakening tho president^ au-
thority and stimulating the elements of
discontent in tho province, Ills language,
towards the, council was certainly most re-
prehensible, and unfortunately he did not
routine hia abuse to words, In January
1-587 he committed Kcnton to tho Marshal-
noa on pretext of a debt of 7(V. owing to
him, But, though compelled by Klmibnth
instantly to set him at liberty, he, socnied to
have hmt all control over himself, Only a
tow days afterwardw he committed tho indis-
cretion of challenging Sir Ivichard Binghamj
and on lf>May ho came to actual blows in tho
council chamber with Sir Nicholas Bagcnal,
lite .fault was perhaps not altogether on his
Hide, but go\vniwenUmder( he circumstances
Fullered, and in January Klixahoth unwmnued
her intention to remove him,
In May one Philip Williams, a Conner
iM'crotary of Porrot, whom he had long kept
in con(lucmeut,ollrrod to uuike certain rove-
latiotiH touching his loyalty, and Loftus took
rare that his oiler should reach KlijunhethV
imrs. Thiw wan the beginning of tho end*
William** wan released on bail, not to (\\i\\t
the country without wpecial permission, in
June; but ho uteadily refused to reveal his
information to anyone except tluMjueen her*
nelf, Iu December Sir Wil.iam KitHwilliam
|((, v, ] wan appointed lord deputy^ but six
months rhipwu. before he arrived in Dublin.
Meanwhile, racked with tho stone, and fouling
IUH authority .slipping away from hint inch
by inch, IVrrotVi position wan pitiable in tho
<*\{remc But It muHt be paid in IUH favour
that when he surrendered the sword of state
on HO Juno lu>'H, KiUwilUam wan compelled
to admit I hat he left the country iu a state
of profound peace, Shortly before IUH do-
parturo hepreru'iited the. corporation of Ihiblin
with a i Ivor-gilt bowl, bearing bin arms and
crest 1 , with the inscription 4 Ruhu|uo iu pace'
(rf, UHHKKT, t'ttl. Munwiwd Mcwrtte) n.
i!^0). He mtilcd on Tutmuay, ^ July, for
JMilford Havtnii leaving behind him^ accord-
ing to Sir Henry Wallop, ft memory 'of no
hard uwtgt! and fwuighty demeanour amongflt.
'litaHHociateH t eHpeciallyof the Mn^lwh nation,
iw 1 tlunk uuvt^r any boforo him in thfoohuw
linthtlone/ Afi^rfiw depttrture Fttsswrlium
t
of the wivy <juiul, Iwlml tuhon with.liim
Im parliament roboHaml dotluf ntato.
Am<mi(otlu)rH a c.crtuin Denm Roughnnor
<)*ltfmghttti r an ex-iiricHt. whom l*orrot had
i,>row(sutoti for for^ory, offered to provt* that
!-m was the, bearer of a letter from l*umt to
Pluiip of Huaitty prominiuflf that if tlio latter
would giv him Walos, J/orrot would muko
5 Pcrrot
Philip master of England and Ireland. Tho
letter wa.s a numifcst. tbr^ory, hut it derived a
certain degree of plausibility from tho recent
betrayal of J)( v A r <niter by Sir William Stanley
[q. vj One Charles r rrovor, an accomplico of
() T R(mghan's,knew tho secret of tho forgery,
and, according to Bingham r Fitzwilliatn could
luive put hi liand on him had ho Ukod to do
so. 1 iut in a collection of tho material points
against IV/rrot, drawn up by JJirrgMoy on
15 Nov, 151)1, O'Uoxtghau'fl charge linds no
plact% though tiho auhstanco of it was after-
wards incorporal od in tho indictment- Still, if
t hero was no direct evidence, of treason against
him, thorn was Huilieiont matte to convict
him of speaking disparagingly of the queon.
Notwithstanding Burgh ey'n exiulioiw in hin
Favour, thoro wan an evident dottvmunatiou
on tho part of IN^rrot's <mumiou to "push tho
matter to atrial,and thcro is a gonorai cxnuiur-
n*nct!i of opinion hi ascribing tho pertinacity
with which ho wan piusucutod to th( malico
of Sir OhriHtopher II at ton (cf. Cut. fittttti
Pttper^ KHz. A del Jii Ma,rch 1591). Accord-
ing to Sir Kobort; Naunton, who married
Perrot'n gratiddaughter, Porrot had procured
Hatton'H enmity l>y sptuikitig Hcorn fully of
him UH having nuulu his way to tlu^ queen 1 H
favour * by t.ho galliard, 1 in allusion to his
proficiency in dancing, Hut Naunton was un-
aware that Hattou owed him a deeper grudge,
for having seduced his daughter .K Hanbo th
{Awfawl, (twnhr, !hd se.r, xi, 1 17).
Afttit a short confinenH^nt in Lord Burgh
ley'shouso, Pcrrot was in .March IfiOl removed
to the Tower. More thanayear elapsed holVmj
Jii trial, and on liil Dec,, lu^ complaintl that
bin memory wan becoming impaired through
grief and clone confinement, On ^7 April
IfTO he, Was t/unl at Wcwtminsttn* on a charge
of high treason before Lord lluiuulon, Lord
HuckhurHt., Sir Uobert Cecil, and oilier njto-
cially cottstitut.ed commissionorH, Aceordntg
to itw iiuUctmtmt he was charged with con-
temptuous words against tho quoiw, with
relieving known traitorn and Iloiuish pr'uwtH,
with encouraging the rebellion of Sir Krian
Oliourke (q. v, ',aud \vitli trensonalilo cor-
roHpontlenco with the king of Spain an<Hho
prince of Pnnua. J 4 racticallytlur;>roMecution,
conducted by .Popham tuul Piuvteving, con-
fined itself to the charge of speaking cou-
ttunptuoUHly of the queen, .Perrot., who was
cxtrenudy agitat ed did not deny thatho might;
havt* poli the words attributed to him, bub
resented the interpretation placed upon thwtu
Being found guilty, ho was taken hack to tho
Tower. Ho Ktill lioptnl lor pardon, * (3o<l'H
<leatliP li> (^claimed* *WiU the queen HtillVr
lirbrothert(^ bo offered up a HiLcrifice to tbo
envy of hit* Making advowary ' Ilia lasb will
?
j* , i I -'.* M. ' '
ni'Jntv jj;> r j i, r|)f . . }
/''''YM'r.-m.hi, , ',;:;;;,' ",?""'"''
l.v'p I,.. Mnrir.Lwii ViY" ""' '"*'
.''"."r 1 "^-"'.*-""' "'! l l ; tllM - ! ; f > "
! ftSAr^ ^:;;;!::;^ 1: ''-"'";'^
vr.^-^H* 1 ?^-'"
*^^ifi^^
!^' 4!^ rri^i "'-
H==^^
, r-*,
*"> ^57; JfiH ' ' ' Al '
tti
*isi,
t^n.-.-s',,,;,,, ,"-
lf ^IM I'/i^r
Ml1 rf ^ ** ,,f,
' ""1fU"
J'tlf l,fl
l ttllJi
541 f|*.
'
Porrot
Perrot
in various pavt.s (if Rnj\'hind or Ireland, ami
attracted lar^'o audiences, Hi 1 was arrested,
with Luke Howard (\(W\ 1UW) [q. v.'|, at a
inocttNj?nt Canterbury on "JS \Ujjf. 1(5(51, atul
ajjain at- tho Bull and Mouth, Aldors^ah*
Street, ou a Sunday in June KHJji, when In*.
was brought before Sir Richard Browne (f/.
IGliO) Iq, v* 1, lord mayor.
In tuo autumn of 10U:J Perrot and some
of his followers omi|;ralod to Barbados,
"whore huswife and children joined him latin",
and whore- ho was appointed clerk to tho
mapst rates, 11 o sc-oins to have still called
himself a quaKer, but #avo great oileneo by
waring* a velvet coal, gaudy uppnvol> and
a sword/ while ho wan now as Htriet in ex-
acting oaths us ho hud formerly been agiunnt
them. Proceeding on a visit to Virginia, ho
induced man)' qunken-i there to dispense with
tho funuaUty of nssi-mblin^ for worship, and
othenviHo to depart- from l)u jndidouH rulon
laid down by Ko\t
Porrot fnnnrd many |1rojec'tH toriniproving
lht> t'fitde of Hnrhiultw by tobacco plantatlonn;
hehuiH-hiin^'ir a huy t hnuso, Hnrmmmled by
a r<wrvnir of water hruu^bl. from a dwtanen
of Hotnt* inib'H; bo wn, also preneiitetl with
a sloop, to curry freight to Jamnieiu But
seueliiert came to no praetiral reMult^,
died, heavily in debt, in the isbmd of
re ( Ji-tuber M5"l, II w
at.
his
Ho
Januuca,HnH ( tune* fu
\\ite MU/,atn*th ami
mirvivrd him,
IVrrotV 'uuturul
*^fcUt t T and be pi
tht v
leant
1 were, wiyii Sewel
il H fiifo |xnvet* of
n;4 at mo time
nt!*wpts nindn by
nud others to ^ive
rot^idfruhlt*; hut
John Pcnnyinnn
it permanence failed, Uts unhaluuced and
rhnpsodteal inyNliiMsm ciuh^'d Kox t with bin
hornn* of * ranters * and the uurn'mg' of J HHUMI
Naylor^ cu^e iVf.ih in his iniitd^ to t.n'ut. him
us a dnn^-rott.H toe to ordeniud^v.Hlt'tii within
tho <pmK'r rauUs* A believer In perfection,
IVrrof, hold thiif nil iu^pirtul man, such us
himself* tui^ht< CM I II he commanded locom-
in it ciinud niu Accordlii!^ 1 to Lotlowicko
Mn^^li'toti jj.\.!* with whom l*emt luul
many lulLs ho hud no prMoiutl < hut, hut un
tndelinite Spirit t A Vc/; <////*' (jtittkcrit AWwi
!>,!,'*), Martin Mn.'utuJ^. v. i*ulthou^li Iwdc-
cliiuHl to fii*cept hiw \jvHri*H cehbnit.td IUH
taleittH iu mum" HiioH * iuMtuuoritun 1 - pith-
Jislu'tl in the ' Yisinn, 1
tVrrol'rt works were oftitn Hi^ned * John,
tle Hrrvjtnt of dud/ *.JtliUi called a C^naker,'
unit * John, the prise mm* of ( Im.Mt,* Some are
in VOJ'MO, a vebiolt* of c\prei4hiou objecte-d to
by Mx UH IVt\'oIoti,H and nbi*cotiiii|t r i'<>
tfuM olrecMidii Pcrmt cinititiu,sly replied Umt
* lie Imiiiwtul ho should Uuvu tukcit it duurly
well bad any friend (hrothor-liko) whom they
oUcndod turmul tho soneo of them iixlo proo
when he mm I, them from Koinn.'
.Besides a preface to the * (Collection of Se-
veral Books and Writ'in^NolXIJoorftoFoxtho
Younger* [see under Fox, (iHniuiti | T London,
ir.(^ i>nd edit. 1(5(15, IUH chief tracts (with
abbreviated titlon) are: 1. 'A Word to tho
World answering tho Darkness thoroof, con-
corning the Perfect Work of (Uxl to Salva-
tion/ London, 4to, 1(158, * A Visitation
of Love, and (lentlo (Irootin^ of tho Turk/
London, 4to 1 (5f>8. Ji. ' Immarmol tlw Sal-
vation of Iwrueil/ JUmdon, 4to, l(H"S ; re-
printed Avith No, li in K5(i() 4* (With
(Joorp;o Fox and William Morris) *Sovorali
Warnings to the, Baptised Peoplo/4to, 1(>WK
5, 'To all Baptists everywhere, or to any
(ther who are. yet undor tho shadows and
\vntVy ellenn^nt, and arc not COUHI to (.Ihrist
thoSid)stnun/ London, 4 to, l(JIK); reprinted
in 'The. Misery of Baptism/ ifec, HSCd,
(>, *A Wren in tho Burning Bush, Waving
t.ho Wrings t>f Oonf 'rac.t>ioi) t to t.hoOoitgn^aUul
(l'Miu Fowls of tho Heavens, hi tho Ark of
(!od, holy Host, of tho Mt-orual Powr t Salu-
tation/ .London, 4to, KHSil 7. *J, P., tho
followin* of tbo Lamb, to tdio Shophtuirds
Flock, KalutatioKt, (I race/ &c., London, 4to,
HUH), KJtiL H, Mohn,to nil (lod'H Impri-
Hiniod People for his Ntuui*K-Sakn, wlnu'two-
over upon tho I'Vo of tho I^artb, Snluta-
tion/ Lomlon, 4 to, Mi((K IK Mohn, tho
Prisoner, to the. Utson Stud of Immortal
Love, tnont endeared Salutation/ &e, ? Jxm-
don, 4to, KiOO. 10. 'A Triiuer for llhil-
dren/ l:!mo, KttK), HUM, IL 'A Sea of tbo
Seed's Sullenu^'H, throtigli whic.h llunn ti
Stiver of Rich Uojoyeing, In Vorse/ Lon-
(hm^lto, UKiL li/^To all People upon tho
Fact* of tho Karth/ London, 4to, HUH.
IU, 4 Discoveries of tlio Day-dawning to th(^
Jowes/ London, 4 to, HUH* ,1-L 'AulOiiistlo
to tho (Ireeks, especially to thosa iu and
about (lOrinth atid Athens/ London, 4 to,
Hi(L 15, 'To (ho Prince of Vonlec and all
his Nobles/ London, 4to, H(JL 1(5, * Blessed
Openings of a Day of f^ood Thing's to tho
Turks, Writ-ton to the, Heads, UulorH, Au-
cients, and Kldorw of their Land, and 'whom-
soever else it may concern/ .London, 4to>
HH5L 17. * Bea,m(wof Htonial Brightness, or,
Branches cd" Everlasting Blowwin^H; Hprin^-
ing 1 forth of t.lu^ Stock of Salvation, to bo
spread over India, and all Nations of tho
, Kurt h/&e, London, 4 to, UH1I. 18. * To tUo
HuiVeriitif Haod of Uoynity, wlu^rowoovor Tri
ttpon i.Iio ,Faco tlf tbo whoi^ Earth,
Sitlutation of your Brotlie.r Undor tho
Ytiak of Boutlri/ London, 4to,
UlUL IU* 'A NumiUvo of uoiuo of tho
Porrot
of J, P. in
London, 4to, HiW. iiO. *Tw Ityistlt*. , , .
Tho one Touching tho IVrtVdum uf Hu-
mility, , , * Tho othor Tourhnttf \\w
Kight'iCOUH Order of Judgement in l>mt*t,*
London, 4U>j UHH. *J1. * Huttwinuf Uuuw
titfuinat Homo; or, tho lUttol of Johtutlw
follower ofMvo Lamb, Voti^ht with thr Pon,
and hift IVuwtfy \vhilrtt. lie xvna a Priwmor m
tho I'nC[uifiition Prison of UmniC Lmuhm,
small 8vo, 10(11. $ ' PronomtionM to tho
Pope, for tho proving his Fowo.r of Homittm^
Bins, and ot-hor Poctrinwj of lus Church, n
Principle dontroyiu^ Wonltm in Darhmw^
and undoturmiuahlo Death. % To Falmw
GliiaiiiH, Tope, at )un Pallnco in Monte Ov
vallo in JUoma/ broadside, June l(i(W,
28. 'John JVrrot'a Annwcr to tho PopoV*
feigned Nameless Helper j or, a Reply to the
Tract Kutiluiled, IVrrott against the Pope/
London, hroiulside,, HiOiJ. iM. *Tlu MUtery
of BaptLsiu jind tlui Lord's Suppor/ Londoiti,
4to, lt)ty, ^5, c A Voic(\ From the Oloseor
Inner .Prison, unto all the Upright in Ilrart,
\vhetlier they arc Bowl or l<Voo,' Londoti,
dto, HWia, ( iU 'To thn Upright hi Heart,
and l^iit.liful 'Pooy)Io of (?od: an Mpi^tle
written in Barbados/ London, -Itf t {(K'C*.
i37. HiUorioitH (Uimmering's of the Life of
Love, Unity, and pure joy, Written in
Homo . , ,*J(H)Oj but conserved n in ob-
scurity until my arrival nt llarhndns in the
yisnr J(HW. From yhen<o it is went th*
Roexynd time to the Lord's Lamhs hv J. P,,*
London, 4t;o, KHiJl iJS. 'To nil "
1 1 onestrint ending and Innoeent
without respect to Sects, Opinions, or
FflrfnK AlrUm;fl, ]'|, l,*t, '** . > % i It.")' "f
l!i^ Hi****, Si< 1 ,, ' t. liT"i*. i ***' *''''. *''^ , % i * />*
t'.iUimtn^ii.UHH l^i; 1 !; :'-, \j; ' r -, t,
^^*^1J'1 rllrt*ti**lit 4*1 1 "^i. *./;**-'* ^ V* "*"& * j ?* '* ''^*
, at th'Voimhft ItoUw | r, 't ; - S.
! PKRKOT, HnHKUT i^l, U^h, v t ^-;,rM'.f
of Mu^lulea iN*!!*^* *\*.'r*l ^Vf^i-t " *.f
(it'or^o Pf*rrnt uf Ilnrr^MM'^i, iVrfu!^*^"-
nhire, ly li^siltrl {jiiii<lfilr ni lnti^Mir H-i>1
in ^ i>fk*htw\ wtiH ittrii tit !iiir?*irfH' tit H.^
! North Hiding of \>> - lr^iir<\ it" itf*f j'-
pettreot ut. Mrt^ttnhft t*ttl!' i ft nn sffniflrtijt
tnxin John S|0Ky>1\y t* SrK"ir^ j, % ,
, tttterwiunLH hUh^p of Luuttoit i \\ }tt w :v* iitj--
' ptwil to hu\e lMn i*i int i5iiitif \vtth lit*
j Wtte}* Hy one tif th+ witn"t i -t ;. ? *i." n .1 -
; tutiou of Hishop I*\>\ in KiH V In- i* i!y! (
tiouetl ns liaviuff i*>n<ihi d f IH* ^i !n' I / \
suh.vtHnliul eon^idrrnfitttt. hi l^Jf* r*;*-' 1
J was appointed iu>tn*i*t*tr f '!itp, ,* "i, n*i I
1 JU lol\ hriti f ; uhini! fJuit f utn 1 'j^i'i" "'V,.^: %
he applied for a IU^-TIM* ' f fii>i- i H f'.''
i deiireo of PmfliPlor 'f Mu.v,' IL- >. r t, -.-
| a i:i'N nui! *itr Mm; 1 , l*uf it ! j-,,, *.,t't ,-, % t'
i dH'tnr of tiiu.'Je, H* w,-i. t^< u:%;> nn oii*
' iirut tnti.it ( ttui li{ ! -H $i tc'.'.n .-I i ;Mii ',
unti he iippritr^ (*> }i'itt< i> rn tu' i !'*< dp*
, London, 4to, UHJ-L I'O.
Vision of John Porrot;, wlioroiu in c
the JAituro Btato of Kuropo * , UH it wiw
showed him in tlio Inland of Jamaica a litflo
in London, for a warning to hin Nnttvti
Country,' London, 108:3, 4 to. A, tract , k Some
Prophecioa and liovolatioriH of Hod, con-
corninpf the ChriHtian World; v S:c. f ' hJ7^
translated from thu Dutch of 'John, a ser-
vant of Ood/ is not PcrrolX but by a i^i Ail-
monarchy man.
[Hidden ThingH brought to Light, &e n printed
in 1678) ?i ptiniphlofc comuiiiun^ iutfcrn !>y IVr*-
rot in defence of himnolf ; Tavlor 1 ** Loving mul
friendly Invitation, & t \, W jt]{ a l, r i(f iwwouni
of bho latter part of the life of John Pwrot ami
his end, dto, 1683 ; FOX'H Journal J 17<J/J >u
325, 332, 300; Kutty'0 Jfit. O f FriotulH inYit^
land, p. 86 ; Tho Truth oxnUe<l in tlio Writing
ot John Jsxirnyeat, 1091, pp, S2, *1S f0 BwNeVn
Sufferings, j. *02, ii, 394, 30,5 ; HowduVw !U.t,
of Jbnouda in America, i, 350; Sum Turing
i iiiid lh*it t'Hin*'{1r! tiifn HU ni, I ia 1 * -n n '!'
j tuiticti H, I*HH* of flir Ju'f* 'Vt jui'I r^j"S !b*t
j tht 1 iiuuinMjmMry *!' tUt-ir.l, TIU-: \ln+
' jnnHtdun! (hmii i(mth, nuil * nt !?4^ ",ii<jc t<l sv^
huill (i luirn, ,N!H!II\ ii4 w lu',' -,f^T *| \\ HHII^
C%n/" (> lf /./V/, ,.,!. Pr.hul), |', ,'; K \h .ill
irtH), ptn tlu* *li"'uhtiHU M|' ii*t ju lt |^. ; ,
Oxford, nu; suM {fir fnht'it* i^r !<mi| H r } 5 |
ttrinl,H in U\tml< In l'*;il h'ttiij i*rrnr-v*
ivivivj'rof ri'l-k fur riuV.? t k j*r^ h, I m^nl,
| IU* XVUM fllHf* rr'rrivt r l*i* p-Ut* |f I,il!|r|||^|'i
s iViury, ii**ur i Kftjnl, UM ^n wi^ ii fti
t the
f Sr , 1 V^f-iti*
, s
will (diitm! Is April |; lt v wlll j |, ntl i rj | tl| f ^j|
IyHlxiHiOh..I,-ni m. ( .t ..f fa* L^ r i v f , ,U
, wifi* Alv, liuf^lti rr f J:.hv i //,,! ,1 ,rf
Huimiii^.U,lAl,liir,s, lt J llJj tlll^l
a mm; rf 81 Th, W , I '". , ^ t ;
Perry
Perry
Trinity College* O.vford, lie does not appear
in his will to have boon a benefactor to bis
college (us stated by Wood); but his widow,
who died in 15SS, bequeathed * twenty
shilling to bo bestowed amongst tho Pre-
sident and Company' of tho, foundation,
Perrot. had issue MIX sons and seven daugh-
ters, Amon^ bin HOIH wore ; Oloinout, or-
pinist of Mnjjdiilon (-ollo^'o IH^Jt, follow of
Lincoln LW>,rootor of Karthin^stono, North-
amptnn'ihiro, to 1 1, and prebendary of Lincoln
ir>41 ; Simon ( 151 t KS 1 ), Follow of Mag-
dalen K>oH, founder of tho Porrot s 1 on tho
UHl'of Norlbloi|,yh, Oxfordshire; Leonard,
dork of Magdalen in K'i, and founder of tho
second Porrot fiuuily of Northloiiyh ; ami
llohorU incumbent of Hred'toot, Worcester-
shire, L">(>'! So,
Tanner says that llobert Porrot coni])OHod
and anuotatotl * Uymni \'nrii Sacri/ while,
aocordiu},* 1 t-o Wood, * he did compose novoral
chureh ,4orvi*'o< and <ifher mnttors which
have boon suuv ant ii|tintiHl;' but ttothin^ of
bin appeat'M to ho extant-,
Atnoni? t he prnbabb 1 <h*Meendnn<M')f IJobert
Perrot, tlunt,fh t In* podi,";ro' in which t-bi^ snc.
cession is t racoil frotn tin* I larroldr*ton branch
isvoryinnccurnts was SIR KioiiAun PI-JJIHOTT
(t/ t I'/'.Hl), hart., oldest MM of Uiohard Perrot t.
of llrojudey in Shrttp-ihiro. lie was in per-
sonal attondauco upon the Ihdvo of (Jinnuor-
land at Cnlioden, lie then entered tho
Prussian ervieo t and fuu^bt iu the MOVOH
years' \vni% obtaining wn'orul foreign tioco ra-
tions, und boin'jc employed in various conli-
dontiul negotiation^ ny I'VodericIt tho ( treat,
He Miuvoedod ht"< uiielo, Sir Robert^ tirst ba-
ronet, in May 17VJ,nud dinl in 17SHJ, leaving
issue by bin \vile Mnr^arot t dmif(liter of (Jap-
tain William Konlyee, gentleman of thi^biul-
olmmhor to I Jeor^e'l 1 1 ( HruKM t /Vf*w//c'). A
portrait of Sir IJiehard \\jw tifjfravoil by V,
Urcen in 1770 (HuoMi.HY'K Tho mcatidaloitH
* Lift* f Advent nre.H, and Amouwof Sir HI uih-
urd | P|ernStj/ published auonynmusly in
1770y mity piwibly bo tnhon tin indicating
tliat tlio Morvioo rendered by the found<r of
the family wore of a doHnito nature, lint \va
more likely an rhuttititm of private malice*
[ [tatMiwi'U 1 * Not^rt on th Ptirrut Kantil.v, IK07,
pp. HO, HO j lU<JXiim*H Rt^mtar of MttgUl<ui
tJIU'^s vtl u n*tl ii, panNiim ; Wiirtuny Lifb
f , (
FttNt.it wt HlihH, i. 42; Tanotf' Uibliothwca,
p, fil>.'l
VKRRY, WUKUW (in!JH47HO) tm-
voiiitr umt HU'dical wrttor t burn in IIUIH, wan
n ywmfjfor ,son of Jofin Po.rry, a Norwich
affwnoy, I In, 8pont four yearn at Norwich
ar Hr.Juml, and aftonvtirdn ^a nimilar
at ancUool in Hiwhop^ Hlortforil, llorl-
lordshir(>. On l!8 May 1717 ho wan admitted
at OniuHOolU'f?o, (^anibrid^^a.s a fscholar, and
frradnatod M.Ii, In 17i^ and MJ), in 17^7.
lIiMvana junior follow of hia collo^o iVoin
Miehaolmart 17lW to Lady-day .17'J1. On
5 Kob, 17:!.'5 ImulMO pj-mduated at Lovden. !Uo-
t-w<Mn l7*U)nd 17-1^ ho t.ravo.lhHlm I (1 nmct^
Italy, and the, ICawt, visiting Constantitioplo,
1^'ypt, Palestine, and (h'l^M'ii. Onhiwre.t.utu
ho publiHhod his valuable, ' Viow <if tiho Lo-
vunt, ])jirticularly of (Jonstiantinoplo,, Syria,
Mjp'pt , and ( Ireoco, 1 1 74.S, fol,, ilhiHtratcd with
thirty-l.hroo plates; it was t\vic<^ translated
intoUorman, vi M in 175 1 (Wrlan^m, Jivols.),
and in I7t>5 (Ilostotik, iJ vols.) A HMBHIIO oi"
the original, in t.hron quavto volumes, in
1770, was dedicated to John Montagu, carl
of Sandwich.
Perry appears to havo prn,c,tisod an a phy-
sician after bin return to Mn^'lantl iu I74il
He died in 17HO, and was buriiMl at tiho cant)
end of the nave in Norwich Cathedral, An
elder brother was buried in 1 705 near tho flpot 1 ..
ThMtahlo,t,with a laudatory Laltn insmpl'.ion,
HOOIUS to luu"(^ h(M k u removiui, uttd lllonieliidd
misprint H tht* date of death on it as 17**iO,
Perry published tho following itu'dical
works: 1 * Kssay on the Nature and (-uni
of Madness,' IU)tlM'dain, 17w'i. lJ. ' Mntjuiry
into the Natun^ and Priiuuplew of tho Spaw
Watoni , , , To which is Niiojoinod a cursory
Inquiry into, tho Nature and Properties of
the lint Kouatains at Aix-la-Ohapolh 1 , 1 Lon
don t 17'M. 'l. 4 Ti f tMitis( on DiHtnisoH in.
Oonopnl, to "\vhich is subjoined a system
of practice,/ li vols. t 17-11.' !, ( Account of
an Analysis made of tho Stratford Mineral
Water/ Northampton, 17-11, severely criti-
ciwofl, frotn a chemical point of view, by
William Baylies |q. v, | in his 'Short Ko-
marliH/ 17*,15* 5, * Mechanical Account and
Mxplunation of the UyHterica Passio, \vilk
Ap|Hindix on Oancer,' I7r>5, Hvo, 0, 'IHwpii-
Hitiou of tho Stone and Gravel, with other
IHHonnos of th Kidney/ 1777, Hvo. 'He, also
communicated to the Royal Society * rCxpcri-
numts ou the Water of \}w Dead Aa, on t-bn
Hot Springs ntntr Tibi^nadoH, and on tho
'Hiimniarn Pharoan Wat;or r (LVdl* Trim*,
viii, -555),
'H HiHt of Norfolk (oout.inuod by
Parkin), 'W0r> iv. 11)7; informntioa kindly wwp-
by lh\ Voim find th librarian of Caitm
PiHwr>d{*H Tndox of KtigliHh StudtmtH afc
Uihl, Ifniv, dcm Voyaiofl, 1808,1,2*20
(ty (h li do Iu KitflwrtWiu); Watt's Bibl Brit
i, 747; Alltboiu/H Diet, KngL Lit, ii, 1/S06;
'H Works, | 0, L 0, N,
PKIIRT, (llIAltl.EH (1807" 180 1), first
of MellKnirnis the yoimfywHti fiou of
J ohu t'orry, ft whipo wnor, of Moor IJ all>
Perry <
was born on 17 Feb. 1807, and was educated
first at private schools at Clapham and Hack-
ney, then for four years at II arrow, where lie
played in tho eleven against Eton on two oc-
casions ; then at a private tutor's, and finally
at Trinity College, Cambridge, where ho en-
tered in 1824, Ho was .senior wrangler in
1828, and first Smith's prizeman, as well us
seventh classic, lie entered at Lincoln's fun
12 Nov. 1830, and for one year studied law;
subsequently, taking 1 holy orders, he went to
reside in college, graduated M.A, in J S3 1 , be-
came a fellow of Trinity and proceeded D.I).
in 1837, and was tutor from that time to
1841. In 1841 he resigned his fellowship on
his marriage, and bought, the advowson of tho
living of Barnwell, 1 Dividing the parish into
two districts, he placed them in tho hands of
trustees, erected a new church with tho help
of his friends, and became tho first 1 , vicar of
one of the new districts, which he christened
St. Paul's, in 1842.
In 1847, when tho then wild pastoral
colony of Victoria was constituted a dioe,eso
independent of New South Wales, Pony wan
chosen to be its bishop. Tho post was not to
his worldly advantage. About 80(W. a year
was the most he drew at the boat of times,
and he was a poor man till near the close
of his life. He was consecrated, with three
other colonial bishops (one being Gray, lirat
bishop of Capetown), at Westminster Abbey
on 29 June 1847, He went out with his
wife and three other clergymen in tho Stag',
a vessel of 700 tons, and after a voyage of
108 days reached Melbourne on Sunday,
23 Jan. 18-18, When Perry arrived in the
colony there was only one "finished church
there, Christ Church at G oolong ; two others
were in course of construction at Melbourne-.
He found three clergy of the Church of
England already there, and three he brought
with him. In his first public address he ex-
pressed his desire to live on friendly terms
with all denominations of Christians, but ho
declined to visit Father Geoghan on tho
ground of conscientious distrust of the
Komish church. He made constant jour-
neys through the unsettled country, often
thirty or forty miles at a stretch; lie bravely
faced the anxieties caused by the gold rush
and its attendant demoralisation. For tho
first five years of his colonial life he resided
at Jolimont. The palace of Bishop's Court
was built in 1853.
Perry's influence was perhaps most notably
shown in the passing of the Church Assembly
Act, which constituted a body of lay repre-
sentatives to aid in the government of tho
church (1854). Doubts as to its constitutional
validity were raised at home, and in 1855 the
]o Perry
bishop went homo, to ar^uo the ease for tho
bill, His pleading was successful, nud the
act became tho precedent, for similar legis-
lation in other colonies, After MM return* on
o April isr>(>, 1u conferred on all oon^ivpi-/
tions the right to appoint their own wiMtnml/
tornatolyvvit.il hhnsol f,n nd inst it ut e<i. a syM t f"
of training lay readers for the ministry, ^ i
Perry's first visit) to Sydney seems to huvf ',}
been in iSfl!). In 1<S(,'{ .| IK! made a sivotnlj'
visit to Knglund, dnrinp; which he was select iy
preacher at Cambridge, siml assisted lit lhi*'l
consecration of Kllicott, bishop of ('{lowest IT, ,.-
On^Uiino IH7- the twenl y-iiflluumhen-wry ;
of his consecration was cclchffitod with en-
thusiasm at. Melbourne. ( m, -(> Kob, 1ST f, on /
the, erection of the diocese into a inctrojniHhm ;,
see, ho left, the, colony amid mmorsiil regret ; >,
andwhenhe had arranged forthe endowment I
of tho now see of Bul'larat in Mny 1^7(5, he
Jtinally resigned, * I
Perry's years of retirement were oV voted j
to furthering the interest:-* of the ehnreh at,
home, particularly the work of tho C'hnrch
Missionary Society nwl Society f>r the I'm*
papit.i(ui of the (loMpel. Jh/n(,tem!ed mul
addn v ssed evtu'y church con^resH irom 1H'/|
till 1HSS, fie took a lending part in pr(unnt
in^the Ibnndat ion of tJie, theological colh^vH*
\Vye,liire Hull nt Oxford and Uidley Hull at,
Oambri<l^^, ( Utul actively aided in tho uiun-
aft'ement of the lat.tori In 1S7S be WHH
a])pointed prtlalo of the order of St. Mtelniel
and Ht-, (j(M)t'o'e and eanon of UunilnJU H<^
was in rewidtnie^ each year nt Lliuulnir till
1880, when a stroke of jwralyHirt cuttHed hm
resignation. Thenr(forwr<r he resided nt.
iW Aveimo Itontl, Regent's l*nrk, London, nml
<lied there on 1 Dec. IHiH. lie \viw bitrietiut,
Harlow in Kwx, A nu^mtirinl we.rvi^o wan
held on tli Hame,dayn.t. Melbourne, when hw
,
thro(j years of a^e, who hail conio out with
liitnjn 1KIH, pnMUtbiMl t\w H(nn<ru
JJiHhop Porry wan a stout ovun#< l lioul
churchman, e(juulJy oppomul to ritunltKtie
and rationalistic tendencies. Ho publinhod
'FpundaUon Truths' and other wrmonH.
Pe.rry marruwl, on I.t Oot IHU, Franei^
daughter of Hanuul Cooper, who aurvivml
him, t JIo celebrated tlw iifhieM.h ariiuvewnry
of his wedding shortly \H\l\m\ Im doatlu
Jhfl portrait, by Wt^mll, is at IlitUoy Hall,
uambridgo. A memorial liaa IOMII <*nJttul
in Hti, Paurg Catlic.drai, Mdlbonrno. Th
service of platti which was presented to him
on leaving Melbourne WJIM lu^jiutatluHl to
the maHtor'w lodge at Trinity Oolli^j, ( Cam-
bridge.
[M:albounKiArguH,4, fl.aml 7 Doc, 1801 ; Hnnj-
Jnary of Macartney's fuucrul soriuou in luttor
Perry :>
IRHUO; Goodmans OluuvJi in Victoria rlm-intf tho
Kpisc'opato of Bishop I V.rry, London, 1 802, Avhieh
contains HOIUO autobiographical jiotos by L'orry.]
(J, A. .11.
PERRY, IWANOIS (d. 17<r,),e<ua'aver,
waa born at Abim^lon, norlvNhiw, and ap-
prenticed to a hosier; but, .showing HOIUO
aptitude for art, ho was placed first, \vilb one
oL l the Viuulerbanlw, and afterwards with
Uiclumlsou, to ntudy p:iintiu^. Making
however, tio "projjfpe.Krt in this, ho became clerk
to a comniksary, whom ho accompanied to
Lic.hliold, and there made drawing of tho
cathtulral, which bo subsequently etched.
Porry eventually devoted himself to drawing
ami engraving topographical view* and an-
tiquitioH, working ohietly Cor the ma<>u/,mes ;
lie engraved two view.s of the cloisters ^of
St. Ka,thorino's (Ihureh, near tho Tower, for
Dr. Ducai'd's paper on thai church in NieholnV
' Hibliotheca Topo^rnphiea, Uritnnniea/ and
'A Collection of Ki^'liteou Views of Anti-
quities in thoOounty of Kent, 1 also portrait H
of Matthew Hutto'n, mYhbinhop of ^'ork ;
Dr, Duearol, aftm* A. Sohli; and Dr. Thonuw
Hyde, after Cipriani, I>ut \w in best known
by his cn^'iviving's of coins and medals, which
he exec uted with ^real, neatness and accu-
racy. The nixteen, plates In Dr. Ihicnro.rs
1 An#lo-('aUic. (loins, 1757, a ( re, by him ; niul
in 171& h(\ c/mimonc-t^l the ]Hil)lication of a.
series of g'old and silver Uritish medals,, of
which thrive partH, containing ten ]lal'H, ap-
peared before, his death, and a fourth subse-
quently. In 17(M- bo exhibited with the
,Kreo Society of Artists his print of Dr.
Hyde and u'p<m,-and-inU vi< k w at Wai worth,
Pony had the UHO of only ono yo, and
habiUially etched on a whUo ground, winch
facilitated his working by _ candhdight.
Though painstaking and indust rious, b<^ could
only earn a precarioua living, lie died on
3, 1 an. 17(55.
[Strait's Diet, of Engravers; 'JJromloy'H Oat.
of Kn^linh I'ortraitH ; licdgivive's Diet, of AP-
t'wta ; UuivorHal Oat, of ,Hi>oks on Art,!
R M. (VI).
PEEEY, (^KOUOK (17M~IK<te), mu-
sician, born at Norwich in I7J)f5, was the son
of a turner, au amateur bass singer who took
part in tha annual poribrmancs<s of an oratorio
at tho cathedral, under Dr. John Christmas
Back with [q. v,] Throug-h Heck with's instru-
mentality P(, v rry Ix^caino a monitor of tho ca-
thedral choir, HIM voice, if not refined, was
powerful, and liin rnusical pro])etiatty very
marked, After (putting the choir I 'orry luarnt.
the violin from Joseph Parnoll, a lay c.birk of
tho cathedral; piauofortt! from PanxtH'w son
John ; harmony, it is supposed, from ISotul,
a pupil of Jackson of Exeter; and tho higher
r Perry
branches of composition from a clover ama-
teur, James Taylor.
About I SIS Perry succeeded Bmlicld as
loader of the, band at tho Royal Theatre at.
Norwich, then an institution enjoying con-
siderable reputation. While still' resident iu
his nat.ive. town Perry wrote an oratorio,
'The Death of Abel 1 ( text by (<eori;e P>cnnelt
of the, Norwich Theatre), which was first
performed at a Hall concert in Norwich, and
afterwards repeated by the Sacred Harmonic
Society in IS 1 1 und IMIo, Shortly after bin
appointment tot.be theatre* he wrote another
oratorio/ Klijali and the Priest, H of Hani,' t<>
a text by the Ucv, .lauies Plumptre ( r. v, |,
which was lirst performed in Norwich ou
Il5 March ISIS), In orabout IS,! Perry was
appointed musical director of the 1 laymarUet
Thea.tre in London-, where he wrote a number
of operas. One of them/ Morning, Noon, and
Ni^'ht/ was produced, with Madainn VestriH
[q. v, | in the east-, in lS;,'l!
Kroni opera, however, Perry t'oon tunied
Uf'juti to oratorio, and in IHUO he, produced
i Tim Kull of JerusnltMn,' t!>e l k \tconpihMl by
ProlessorTavltu' from MiluninV* porni, NY hiln
wtill holding bin appointment lit the liny*
market, Porry became oi'^aniMl of the (Quebec.
(Muipel, a post he rei-u^ned in IS 1<> tor t but of
Trinity (tlmrch, Ura,y\s Inn II,ond.
\Vhen the Sncred Ha.rtnonio Society wm
founded in IS.'l'J, Perry was chosen leader of
tho baud, and at; their first, concert, on
If) Jan. iSitli, the pro'j.Tiinnno contained a
wdecl ion from his oratorios * The l (< iill of Ji v *
ruHalem'aud *The Death of Abel. 1 Perry
a.sHiduousl v support el I his society, find during
his Htxteofi ycnr.s 1 connect i)n with it, WH
iKU'er absent* from tt perfonuunce, and only
once from a rohoarmvl, In IS IS Suruuui T thn
condm^tor, was removl from hit* powt, und
P^'i'y performed thnduticn until 1 he close of
tho Heiison, when he, severed bin ooiuieclion
with tho society on the (dt^ction of Michael,
(Jowta |(j. v,'| to "the conduetowhip,
In addition to the works already men-
t.ioned, Perry wrote, MI oratorio* * llo/ekinh'
{ 1st?); aHac,re<lc,ant.at,a/ UeUhaxxurVl'Vast/
(IHJJ(>); a feHtival unt-heni with orclieHtral
accouiDanimentt, i HleHHed l>e tho Lord thy
(lod/ ior tho queen's, accession ( IHIlHj, 11 ta
f Thanksgiving' Anlhem for the Birth of Hm
PrmeeHB Royal* (I HID) WIJH perfortHtnl with
great snccens by the Sacred Hurmonio Sf>
cicty, tho oroheMl ra, und chorus numbering
five hundred, ('nrndori Allan being (hti
solo vocaliHt. Ho also wrote additional u**-
companimenjH tounumbrof Uandt'l'HWorliH,
bt^idcH making ])iunoforlo Heares of mivernl
moro, JVrry died on 4 March 180:1, and wju
, buried afc KJiwal Umw, Perry V ;
Perry 3
gifts enabled him to imitate rather than to
create. His fluency proved disastrous to the,
character of his work. It in said that, he was
in tho habit of writing out tho instrumental
wrtsof his largo compositions from memory
'ieforo he had inado a full orchestral score,
mid he fre<i uently composed as many as four
or five works simultaneously, writing a fw^o
of one while tho ink of another was drying*,
[Norfolk Nowa, 10 April 18(52; GTOVO'H Uut,
of JVlusio, H.V, JVrry; Sacred Jtavmonio SonKy,
&c. ; private information.] It. IK K*
PERRY or PARKY, HNNRY (15WP-
11117?), Welsh scholar, was born at (hvcn-
fiold, t^lintj about 15(50. lie was descended
from Wdnowaiu Beudow, founder of out* of
tho fifteen tribes of North Wales (llisbop
Humphrey^ additions to WOOD'S At/wiw
O.von.) He matricuhited from Balliol ('ol-
lotfe, Oxford, i>() March lfi7H >\\ at the n<v of
eighteen, and graduated RA, (tYom ( Uouces-
ter Hall) U Jan, 1570-80, M.A, iJ.S March
158^-3, and BJ). (from JCHUM (\)l!i\i';e)
(> June 151)7 (A/itmni Own.) On leaving
tho univerBity, about. IHSIi, he went abroad,
and, after many years' absence, returnd to
Wales aw chaplain to Sir Richard Bulheley
of Baron Hill, near He.iiuniariH, During his
stay at Boautniiris he married t.ln^ daughter
of Robert Vauglum, a gi^ntleninn (U* the
place, An attempt was made by his enemies
to show that his lirstAvite (of whom nothing
is Iviiown) was still living, but I'erry RU*-
ceeded in clearing his reputation. Me may
possibly be the 'Henry Parry, A,M,,' wlio,
according to Browne Willis (A?, An(t/>/t t w\ii<*
1801, i. JllH), \vaa rector of Llan<hgla be-
tween 1074- and 1597, Ho was instituted to
tho rectory of llhoscolyn on iil Aug. I0()l f
promoted to that of I'Vefdraeth by Bishop
llowlands on 80 Doc, 1(50(1, installed canon
of Bangor on Fob, KUS3-LS, and recisived in
addition from Rowland 8 the r(u;tory of Llan-
lachreth, Anglesey^ on 5 March 1 (llrf 14, T\n\
date of hia death is not recorded, but as bin
successor in tho canonry wa installed on
30 ])ec. 1617, it probably took place in tluit
year.
Dr. John Davios, in tho prt^face to his
* Dictionary* (1082), speaks "of MIenrictw
Pomus vir linguarum cognitiono innigniH'
as one of many Welsh scholars who dur-
ing the preceding sixty years had planned a
similar enterprise. But tho only work pub-
lished by Perry was * %luryn r'fmet hineb '
(' Elucidator of Eloquence'),' a Welsh treatise
on rhetoric, tho outlines of which had pre-
viously been written by "William Raiiwbury
r q. v.\ translator of th NowTostiiment inttj
" Wi. This appeared in London in 15i)o
1 Vrry
in the new orlhography ndopfed l*y ,luli
David Hhyn in his reeeitfly pulilinhed fr ; fe
mnr ( 1 fijlii*), A rprinf , wit h ninny nnu^- A* 4 '^
was 'issued by Dr, Willinm Owen ^jr*ifV
[<}, v,')( London, lS07),nn<l tlm* wn^ri'j/ ^ f ^n '
at hknrwst iu lHl*lK The pivfun^
that Perry luu*w wnuethiiijc of *l*n^ W
[AVood'H Athcnji' Oic(inv.^ with %%
t Hhy'*,|
son of it builder, Hpi'llinir bin nttnii* Pint', \j
born nt Aberdeen n .'U)Ort, IVofi- II* 1
cmvod thi^ rutliuit*nts of hi i 'i!untf ii<n ,
( Jnrioch chiipeK in flu* Mbirc >l" AIrrlr'iutV |
the licv. \\ , Tntt, u man of cru'()ti, n :
wiisaftcnvnnls tnitncd nf the ,\hfrii" n !' ''
school by lln lirfh*'r,'i Dunn, In li'i'l
was enfennl nt Muri'-chul < l nlie,;< t , V)*i"riiru
Universiiy.nnd IUMVUM plnnnt nihlrt \rthut 1
ninjrwall I"\u*dvee to quality tints !!* !"*u* ll^
Scottish bur, Thruuf'h the tnilnr* 1 **f hsi
father's Mpt'culntiouH In* ws rtMtip<'il l fu
earn hw own breiuL He wu** iW n IMU** HI*
assistant in ti drnner^wluip nf \lMri|*'rn, l!i
then jined llootli .'UNMunun) ut" tict^r^ \\ lirrn
htMnet Thontnx llolrrolf j i| t v. \ \\-n\i \vhttiu
IVtHidly lertUM (ef !lif,<'f;rt\ J/rMJ^iV.^ ,
UIK1 MOO), tVrry i MIJ*! tn Inu^ !ir-n t mm
tune a member of Tut' \\ t!kin*tjiV rt
]nmvwheu li^ tell in Jtno wills iitinrl r* <v -i tthi>
Kli^Iiti'tl him. IIirt<'UjMrmi?iTy wii:;|s!!rl m
bin return HI Ivisniiut^h, w!*i*n \NV>t Ui^**^
with whom he WH.S fti*t jug, totd him tiutt hw
bro^tie nnttttinl him fort lie tifn^s iVrrythi*!*
nought fort nne In K^lutln*i Hu*il far two
yenrtwt MuncheMoraHcli^rktoMr, !Hnw$ddie t
amnntifuetnrer. In thi.< por.it Jutth^mutmuny
books, nml took ftii nrfive |uu1 in tl**uit*lmlnrt
of a literary and philoMtphionl nortiiy. In
1777, lit tw*nf\-mt* ynw ult| fn* wiwln Iilrt
way to London wit I* tin* !iij|In*,nf l*ttt^w f
recommendation from his irtomta in l*iiti-
(
thin wforerd lewnre he {tintiHiHi hhtix^tf wit'.'i
writ ing* oMNitvH iind iMwt'Mot'ptwtfy f"f fipiiiHT
nUlml'Tlm Ut*n*ml Adv^rtiwr/*" Oi*f wi
JJ'HWH iitiraded tin* fttsmititw nf of tlm
'(irmeipd jmipHi^torn itf th pniinr who wiw
junior patiitt*r in the firm or liichanltKm &
Urquharti, booli'Hellew* I'erry WHH anim^
qtiently en^ttged iu* a rnjjulnr otwtrUwtor tit,
a guinea per weidc, with itn mldjtioimi Iwlf-
^uuH*a for nwuiAtntU'M m bringing out tlift
* hontlon Kvenin^ l l jwt, t fn ihi jiiwltlon l
toiled with f ht 4 greatest artiduity,as:ul during
Perry
33
Perry
the trials of the two admirals, Keppel and
Palliser, he sent up daily from Portsmouth
eight columns of evidence, the publication
of which raised the sale of the ' General
Advertiser' to a total of several thousands
each day. At the same time he published
anonymously several political pamphlets and
poems, and was a conspicuous figure in tho
debating societies which thon abounded in
London, He ia said to have rejected oilbra
from Lord Shelburne and Pitt to enter par-
liament.
Perry formed the plan and was the first
editor of the * Kuropoan Magazine,' which
came out in January 1782; he conducted it
for twelve months, lie was then oilerod by
the proprietors, who were the chief book-
sellers in London, the post of editor of the
* Gazetteer/ and ho accepted tho offer on con-
dition that ho should be allowed to make
the paper an organ of tho views of 0. J, Fox,
whose principles ho supported. ( )no of Perry's
improvements was the introduction of a suc-
cession of roportiorH for tho parliamentary
debates, so as to procure their prompt ptili-
lication in an oxtoudod form. By this ar-
rimgctmwt tho papw came out each morning 1
with as long a chronicle of tho dotmtea as
used to appear in other papors in tho follow-
ing evening or later. II o conducted the
' (laxottoer ' for eight years, when it wan
purchased by some torioa, who changed its
politics, and Perry severed his connection
with it. During apart of this time he aditod
1 Dehrott'a Parliamentary Debater'
About 1789 the 'Morning Ohroniclo' was
purchased by Perry and a Scottish friend,
James Gray, as joint editors and proprietors.
The funds for its aoquiflition and improve-
ment were obtained through small loans from
Ransoms, the bankers, and from Bellamy,
the caterer for tho House of Commons, and
through the advance by Gray of a legacy of
500 /. which lie had just received. In tntur
hands the paper soon became the leading
organ of the whi^ party, Perry is described as
'volatile and varied/ his partner as a profound
thinker. Gray did not long survive; but
through Perry's energy the -journal main-
tamaa its reputation until his death, Its cir-
culation was small for some years, and the cost
of keeping it on foot was only met by strict
economy; bxxt by 1810 the sale had risen to
over seven thousand copies per diem. Perry
was admirably adapted tor the "post of editor.
He moved in many circles of lite, ' was every
day to be seen in the sauntering lounge along
Pall Mall and St James's Street, and the
casual chit-chat of one morning furnished
matter for the columns of the next day's
"Chronicle,"' In the whop of Debrett 'he ,
VOL, XLV,
made the acquaintance of tho loading whigs,
and, to obtain a complete knowledge of French
affairs, he spent a year in Paris * during the
critical period' of tho Revolution. On taking
over tho newspaper Perry lived in the narrow
part of Shiro Lane, oIF frleet Street, lodging
with a bookbinder called Lunan 7 who had mar-
ried his sister. Later Perry and his partner
Gray lived with John Lambert, tho printer of
the & Morning Chronicle/ who had premises
in Shiro Lane. Eventually tho business was
removed to the corner houso of LancuHter
Court, Strand, afterwards absorbed in Wel-
lington Street. The odicial dinners of tho
editors in this house wero ofton attended by
the incxst eminent won of tho day, and Porsou
playfully dubbod them 'my lords of Lan-
caster.' John Taylor states that .Parry had
chambers in Olemont/s tun (Rcc.ords of my
Z//<!,L24i--2). * '
During Perry's management many leading
writens eontrilmted to tho * Morning Chro-
nicle,' Kicardo addrewned loLUjrs to it, and
Sir JaraoH Mackintosh wroto in it. Oluirlofl
Lamb was an occasional contributor, and
during 1800 and 1801 Thomas Campbell fre-
quently went poems to it, chief among them
being * v rho f'kile of Krin/thoM )de to Winter/
and ' Ye Mariners of lOngland' ( BHATTIM, Lift*,
of Campbell, i, JU)5, <Sr,c.) Ha/Jitt was all first
a parliamtmtary reporter and then a theatrical
critic. Perry expressed diHsatiHfactiion with
the length of his contributions, which in-
cluded some of his finost; criticiHitw, Oolo-
ridgo was also a contributor, and Mooro\s
* Epitl from Tom Oribb ' appeartul in Scp-
tember 1815. Si^joant Rpankie ia Haiti to
have temporarily edited it, and ho introduced
to Perry John Oauvpboll, af(rwardfl lord
chancellor and Lore Oarapboll, who ww
glad to oarn some raonoy with his cotitri-
butions to its pages (Life of Lord Camp-
bell, i, 45-182). During tho last yoars of
Perry's life the paper was edited by John
Black [q. v,]
The success of the 'Morning Ohroniclo'
was not established without proHocutions
from the official authorities. On S* r > Diut*
1792 there appeared in it an adwrtiHcmwit;
of the address passed at thn menting of the
Society for Political Information at tlwTalbot
Inn, l)orby, on tho prwoding 1(J July, An
information ?# qflfaw wa filed in the court
of king's bench in Hilary trmn 1791, and a
rule for a Rpecial jury wii mado in Trinity
term. Forty-eight jurora were Htruok, the
number ws reduced to twenty-four, and the
cause came on, but only Ht\ven of them ap-
peared in the box. Tli^ attorney-general did
not pray a tnl^ and tho case went off, In
Michaelmas torm the prowcution took out a
Perry ,M Perry
new special jury, and, on t Iwopprwi- MitfiwI, who from I.**!* 1 ! w,r n
e detondants, tlw oaso was argued vihitiir, wiv* fhnt * iVrn \vn .1
rule for a new s
tion of the
before Buller and 1*. wo other judgva, win* it it genial nnI *> JuvnmpU*fs'.t
was laid down 'that tho first Hpooiul jury ( Kr4m<\ Romtllv, 'IVvni-v,
j,!<^ y,v"
/,?// .Y ,ff ,
ately the
(
struck, and reduced according to law, IUUH( t ';ro^*ut lt* % WIIN fh< nn^t (*ti>
tty the issue joined botwtum imHioH,' IMti-'/tU own fiihl** * f l/K"t'fa^r
mately the case came before Lord Ivonyon , MV/JW, iii, xVil, UK* It^i
and a special. jury on 9 Poc, I7M, tho <Ic adjoins! timf of NVlton, uh<tr<{.t.n1^ lU'
fendantsbem^chargodwit'.h Miaving 1 print ( d to hi tlnutfhvr, wtt-1 nrii Inni i I> ','
and published a seditious libol,' Scott (aft* r- ' ihodt'iith of Sir Wilbniit Ilnm-h 1 >n * ,V
wards Lord Eldon) pwHociutiu^ and Krskint* ' tint/ Qufrit'* , If It mrr, ~\ . i 1 ' 1 '! t. * MI f ! i j
defended, Tho jury withdrew ( two in I ho; of tho \Vututlr, nrwr fhU ti.w.', -ir^.- t^**
afternoon, and after live hours they n^iviul < <hwry for midfiphim; pt*'(w":, !* ''^"v^if
to a special verdict, i guilty of publishm^. bul 'tho 'pol\^rn(hio rf,' win 'i*f up N ivm,
with no malicious intent.' Tho jinlgv ivfuwni j ft m-mlti'it in fitt!urv mj*I ^i-vr f^rit**' \r*tn
to accent it, and at five in tho morning of , tin* iivm!?^^ WHV rum^ii*-*! m'M i* <<<,- f|i'ir,Ji,
the following; day their vm'diel \va,s * not In MM IwuiN f}ii ! 1111 tMinLn.r WH-. n f A
guilty,' This result IH Haid to liavr Iwndtio mu't'i'M* Imt if v-r* uit'Tttnr-'' ! t n* u yM<i4
to the firinnoBB of ono juryman, a <*onl inrr- profit, PurUntlfir^nit'I n |. Ii in MI' *M. ftTmii^
chant (State Trials, xxii, 115! -10'JO), , conipri'-in^ hw.t% null, i"nhr ',.,! .* ?, , rtt}4
On 21 March 1798 Lord Miuto broup;Iit, , in all HHI nrrr 8 * f iiMot, w, r.- -i^.wi^ up 1,4-
before the IIouso of Lordw a paragraph iti th< ; MtvtHra, UO!ISM for n JHI!^ 1\ fKM i.u '/I Julv
' Morning Chronicle' of 11) Man-h, HfwiiHli- lh:!:! (
cally setting out that to virulicntt* tho im- P(*rry*NhniIttt t*vfW f^<!vhn*' A^^-^ I '47
portance of that assembly * the dn^SHos of Urn thtoti^tt ui inti*ruul thv'jo*^ u .'-n-h rHjiu*UcvJ
opera-dancers are regul at wl tlum* Print or hitu fo ujuln>;u Mnrf.it KtthJ >|-"*.M -n,
and publisher appeared noxfc day, whon Lonl In fniii Jck^jf \VHIH fhf !- ^^i snuf**
Minto proposed a fhi of /3()/. oach and im- hrokrtt tip inVulth uini rum^r !^l ' Hn
jiirisonment in Nowgato for frlnvo nJontltH, ; phv^itMitUM n^'ittittiHMtitiMi lain !* ^i'iiI i|'*
!Lord Derby aud the Duke of Hod lord pro- j chwfof liii-tlilVnt hin lnni' til Hru-Ui ui f t*4
posed a reduction to one mout.h, but t!u*y j luMli^tl (htTctm /# IW, lx*|, lirwi h*'ri*'i
were defeated by sixty-time vot OH to elnwn, ; in tho Inuitlv umlf tit WiwU-''^i rhuwlt
Perry and Lambert were committed neconl- on 1*2 I W,* \viunv tsittf }i |i m'm'>fv
in^ly (HANSAUD, xxxiii. Itfl(MH), During , w wM'toi hy f ln Ii\ I 'luh *M i|, * ,f . lt jn
the term of this impriwonimmt IUVWH af j f tl wmth uwK Hi' mnml, t* ?VJ \fi
Perry's frioncls were held at Nowgativ and ' 17U8, Ai Hull, who ftorc lum rivfM *'lt
presents of game, with other (Hicnoii'H, wm\ divn, Approh**M/4ivi* tfr**MMinMoj,'>lM' twk
sent there constantly, On hifl rohwiHo from a VOYJI^ tt Lii*ln>tt fi<r tli^ iVurM ni J-rp
j^aol^ an elaborate entertainment wm ^ivou hoaltn, * I for rm'nvi'rv M-U** f^iitpl^fril nii*t
to him at the London Tavern, and a ' mlvw- H!M< wiw in f KM on h*-V WAV ltrl r* !' k t Jituit
gilt vase' was preflentecl to him, i n a Swi*<lih vi-*^*f wlti*u it wunV'ttiit M Al tw
Perry was tried before Lord Klbmboroiiffli nn Akerinn friuntt* tut*! nifft",I ,,iliti' liVs^it
nmrl n gTlpiClJvl ITIl'V mi ^l lAilt IrtlA I' * *%M II* i I * * "f*!! 1 * W)
r , i '/-HIT" . "" *., *. ,. *'MM nilMnttU *{*Ul*li I Jjf"Ol||.* J4 f||n**J)l* fi*llll'^ t lltl'l
V * ,*
a param;)h from tho ' Mxamincr' r>f
f
o m n! , o VH.' .1 ,.- ,.-r ( wv, n.-r
George III would have 'thn hiuwl. npp,,,- str,,,^!. fnil,,!, )HI ,| H |i .,,( . Un ),,.,
tumty of becoming nobly rmpular.' IVrr cm hw w.i hum,. A.. H ," '
,
umy o ecoming nobly rmpular.' IVrry cm hw w.iy hum,., i lA.l.rut.rv jHjf, ,, '
defended himself mth such vigour that tlin Tlunr mm, Mil- Tli m V,S- Vm " 1 I
2rt^S?! b F*^'
uiviaea, ana tne moiety which reta nwl that skh w W !,,.,* , ri * * **y "* *-
name was occumed bv OhJ^ T\ wit i y u ' , ! LUIW| I 'mm whom *h*
Perry
35
Perry
before and after hi.s marriage t and it wan at ,
bin hotiNc in Morion that the (hvck protewHor !
lout through lire his transcript of about. half
of fcheUreok lexicon of Phot, inn and
on Aristophanes (* Powwiuna* in
Perry had remarkably Hniall quirk eytwuind
atoopcd in the. shoulders, Lei^h Hunt adds
that ho 'not unwillingly turned his eycn
upon. the, ladies./ HIM fund of anecdote wan
abundant, bin acquaintance with secret hw-
toty 'authentic an<l valuable,* J P, Collier
complaint* that ho wan * always dis''<'id to
treat the loaders of the whigs. with subset*-
vicnt respect* Ilo never quite lout his retail
manner acquired In thodraper'nshopal Aber-
dwiu/ II tus said to have, died worth l!U)000/. t
the Halo of hw paper run lining no leant hnn
P2,000/. lit* reprinted, with a preface of
thirty-one. page the account of bin trial iu
1H10, and hi* drew up n preface for tin* re-
print from the * Morning Chronicle' of No-
vender and 1 )ecember 1 807 of * Thn Six Let.-
terwof A* B, on ihe UitlereMee.sl>et vveMutireat
Britain ftiul the I'uited S tat en of America, "
A portrait wan painted by Sir Thnman
Lawrence, Of i.lii8 \ViveJlV drawing WM
engraved by Thom.sou in tlie * Kuropean
.Mugaxine* for IHIH, An original drawing
in water-eolouw by John JnckBon* It. A,, in
at the print room of the Hritiwh Muwnuu,
[(icitt, Maj% I7i7 pt, up. 4.'iH t 17*'H pi. it,
p. 7Ua, IHhl pl.i, p, 2H<^ 1H21 pt, ii, pp. Mlh ti ;
Au Ui<Kr, and Obituary, vii. HHl* ill ; Kufopnnn
Maf? IHirt pt, ti.pp. 187* IW; tlr.int'n Ntwhpaper
J'ti'HH, i, 2*^1)- HO ; Kojt-lUmru^H Nnwhpnptur-i, i
1UH 5H 27i>, JiiiJt 7 ; F, K, H tint's Kourih Kntuto,
24tt 2CW (J, ii,404
(oil WhoaUcy)' ii. JUJ
of POFHOU, fip, lli> !J;
pt. ii. pp, 4*i A, Hti ; J
]p, 324* -ari; Milhir'M
, L,
Vraonnl MoiwurH, i. a
U*,*; VVnlHonV Lit'o
V Old Mau'n Uinry,
Men I hav kniwti,
r. Skntrluw* i, M7
, 2H(-
^ PERRY, JOHN (KtTO !7:W)i civil mi-
f^inoitr and traveller, wseond HO of Hamuel
J^erry of Uodboroti^h^ Ciltnuu'HterHhin% and
Harah, hiH wife, daughter of Hit Thomnn
Kott, WIH born at Hodl>muf(h in 1 070, He
entttwd tho navy, and at tbh bttginning of
1(M)0 U dwerilwu a H<uitnant. of the iihip
Montn^uf, cotnmaitchul by (-nptiun John
Lay ton, In January 1690 Iw lout the nft of
bis right arm, from a wound received during
an ongagetwntt with a Fnneh privateer,
In 10W4 no Bupritttndtl the repair of the
Montague in PwtHmoutli harbour, on which
occasion ho devised an egm for throwing
out water From doop eltiicea, In tli same
year be appears as comwandftr of the f!rahip
Oyfcuet, at tat'bed to the man-of-war I Hamond,
the commander of the latter beinjv ( Captain
\Vieliham. While tlu^ two vewsolH WH'(^
eruiHin^ about twenty leag-uew o!F( 1 ape Olewr,
<** ^0 Sept, Hitlit, they \ven^ attacked by two
large I'Vonch privateer.s, and compelled to
Hiurondor, ]*erry declares t.hat hin Muporioi^
\Viekluini, #avo him nn onlers, and Mtruck
hio *u|4 after a Blight reniHtauet', thus huivin^
the ( 'ypiet a helpleHM pny to her Htronftivr
UMHailnnt, VVielvham, howevr, mnintainod
that .Perry refused to co-operate witli him,
atul WHH alrto guilty <if a <hrelietion of duty in
not Ht^.ting 1 tire to hi.s ship before tht^ KrencU
tuen boarded her, Perry he"m$ put OIK bin
trial before a court -martial, Captain Wick-
luinfrt cluU'pceH were held proved, uud Perry
wan Hentcneed to u Hue of 1 ,()()()/, and ten
yearn' impriHonmextt in the Marnhalwa.
While in priwm hn wrote, a pamphlet eu-
titled * |{(y;ulatiinH for Seamen/ in tho ap-
'.KMid'iK of whieli be |(avn a lonj^c statement of
T UH eiint\ Thi pamphlet- in dated IS Dee.
1 150 1, Perry event. ua-lly oljtnlned IUH releane,
for in April lOOHhewas introdticed by Lonl
Carmarthen to the, cxar Peter, then on a visit
to Kng'lnnd, Peter, Htriiclt with Pe-rry 1 **
kuo\vlMlge, of en|,';iiie k rin^ eti^a^'ed him to
g'o out. t<i HuHsin itutuedialely, to Huperintond
naval and engineering; \vorkw, Perry wan
protnisetl hin expeunes, au annual Hulary of
MOO/,, and liberal rmvardn in CUM< bin work
prove<l of value,
Perry arrived Sn UuHHia in tho early Hummer
of HV.JH. lie ftrnt reported on thr poHHibility
i>f eMtabliHhuijLif a oatiul betwnnn tho rivci'H
Volf^a and Don, The work wan bt^uu in
1700, hut the progress mad wan nlow f owing
to the incapacity of t he workmen, tlm delay
in ft upp lying uuiterialH, tlu\ opponitiou of the
nobility, and the exar'H neglect to pay Perry'n
Hilary* ,InSopteiub(^r 1701 Perry? UH H/oinp-
t-roller of RuMnian Maritime Workn,' wan
Huitunoned to Mowcow^ und oarly hi 170:2
ordcn'ed to Voromy, on the right bank of the
river of that name, to oHtaMwb a dock HUH
w>iH m'd<^ted iu 17()r* t aft^r whioh Perr
wiw eur)'.oye,d in making the Voronej rivnr
navigalAo for Mlups of war from the city of
Voronej to the Don, To 1710 Perry mado
urvey and mi^inoorin^ work about the
rivw Don* After notno delay, cautwd by the.
Turkiftli war of 17U, he planucd a canal
between Bt. Pet.ewbtirg and the Volga, The
workw wflro begun, but thn (^xur'n cont.inuftd
tftfuaal to rnward hi HHWICMW wm followed
by a quarrd, md Pftrry^ afrnid lor his life,
put himself undwthtt protection of the Eng-
!,ih ambftftHador, Mr, Whitwoytb, and re-
turned to Enffland in 1712, During four-
teen years* HWVIW in Itiwma, he only received
D rf
Perry .*< IVny
one year's salary. In 1710 he brought out " rmlh r*'jr r^n( f!s^ m';r\, t^ '"nrr^'inf?)**
'State of Kuswia under the jWHrnt Tmir/ g**\i'riwnn?\ f^-m f- n*n linn n^I lt
detailing his pmwmal unnoyawcrt, fwfrt, hi r^; ^ jn or*- i-r j" <{, *.u % "^^W
In 1714, tenderB being invited to stop thi> IVw, 1 , t* Pum, I*"*?' "t , pi \ VMI mil \\
breach in the Thames embankment ut Hagm- htul ism!', thi^O? ih. nun iVm^ t| w
ham, Perry oilered to do the work for i!i>,<HH>/, rjutujtato i n|" t.u l.r. i-t, !% I -m, jUj-^Mt^
The contract was, howtwu\ given to \\ llim I >ummrnv, nti*l Sif ^* rr ,\ i^w irif ,' ||i*^
Boswell, who aflliod only l^,"'KMi/, HoHwrll wti-n{|i n'4 |\ flu* Hn?v)!i i, |( 4^n i> fij f-^'Jui
having found IUH tank impoNmble, lh work ujprr)tfir^m, H* vun fr-,*/! m ?. ,>n* fip
was (mtruwted to Porry in 17K. H* t*ntn- IUN Irt"<t *ht'!'nl I n4 w:i)i") ti^^^t*, t*
plated itsuowKwlully in livt 1 y<iirH*ti(ue ; hut wrw *ujiprr".'.n|, li- \Mt* ^njj-,*,^ ,{, s^i',i4 si
theexpenHOHflofarex(ic k ede<lantiripati<u tlmt, -irMpi-rif^ -in?' { it* .luHimn !.'<. In |*i
tliougli an extra Hum of IHJKK)/, was grmtf*t 'tr jmnr*l th** flv:'!rs!i r-tf }M ?. ,if * J^J'^'a^
to him by parliament^ and a num of I, (HKl/, inutiiirr' ni NJasMf''! !M? '.r-j,. . n^-, f| } ^
present (3d to hun by lowil g i ntry l*< i rryutmtt* utt!'t*iitrtl rnn'i^ 1 i %.^n. rt^-li^iitiuttt
no profit* Ho publiHht'd *Au Acrouut >f namiMi ,l'fui'*<tit, uw) utr*"!f-l ifl, M, M?iir
the Stopping of Dagenhani Brnu'h 1 ( l"/:M , Kn^l^h r*'^i^*r in \ii fc :''i^ li'''.i,niii ij>*ii
In 1724 I, 'wry was appoint ed inginM'f tot h* fourteen ufhfj jn ISun j n .-fhi H^uutU
proposed new harbour workn at Ilyt', He tie S*'ThrUr,'t miiW"uml Int tn f!i^ tnn( if
anienxborofthcAntujuarianSoeietyat SpiiUU tttMiegMtukftnitniAiOi fhl- I si A 'inl ^hi^'^lMtt
in^on 16 April 17M. HtHliMl ut Mpalding, th trial wnn rut ^..rj \\iif.Mu! wiu-.*- sV* f^f
while engineer to a company iordraitnu^ tin* thi tlrfVnrt^ It^mg hmnl i Mt hr '|in^ t
Lincolnshire lena, in K(bruary 17IW. ; tin* rl<m*tf r/!M 'lVrr\ t'MnuM<'l fi\ nifnth
[Porry's works ; .Report of ULWMUIK rwlrtting ! lontji-r in I*nr w*t rfuvii'>l f
to Dagenham Broach Workn, John IVrry, Ait- ' l7*i/ lin %M-, lii.MMi*.t $,* u ,
,,, 11., ..i ,. .-,! mrji * t* . i * . * i * * " * " * ** . ' * * * * *
.
PERRY, SAMPSON (17.17 lH:!;i), ,, M h Kutl , }. j.ulilbh.-.f '<,,,,, \., IWB J ,,f
liciat, wan bom at Arton, Hirmiii({lun, in Ciu.inm I'.-m- I,. iW ! :v,,,:!,. ,, I'svUml'
J74/. Below and during 177J lit> wiw (.nu;- j ( 1 '/ SC, |, ' .Vr/ti-i Mi-.o-Sluuv ' i !'>., j, ' llv*.
tasmsf as a surgeon in Al.lcmK.it,> Hlrwi, . torinil SltH.-l. cf ... !'.,,,. 1. I,'. ^Minium 1
London. Ihcw ho w>m to Imvw invcnftl ; < l?!MI),nml ' Uru-in ..' (|.it..,nu..-i!f ' , i ,',, ,,
the solvent for tlu> tim, which, wim ku.iwu ; (In l,i lH^mtin,, ! ,,,lii,.,l tl,,. ,-..f,,, l . ( |,,ti' t
> '
- - -. "' ' " '"'''< lw lm,l n.. ,.!-. i.n 1.1,4 .ih
m ' A . DwqniHit urn on llicHlmm : l,,nvi h Ut.l.Umitl. ,,,v,', (.,.... ,,*,ir.lf.l,.,,lv
-
* , ftl , ., ,.:: ;ri l A n o ^. lc ' Hl ^' tllir(l > lu< Wll lii'i'iua'm-v Mntitti, itmt vim mi ii>
riflf?^-t I-' "", ( " M awl I7 ,T> llow w>lvi "" M'l.*, *,* il,,., H ,i,,i U f W W
fourthtSnPm bl j[ H mftnil W t ' nilixtot . lw l' 1 i w> ' lmr '-' ( t > lK.'J!w)m. h,- .i.,-,1 ,.( hnr'
ir/i t) ML w i777! v fL WIW u1 " 1 ?"'" ' tw..^iiVhiM. bJ7u!;
i
11 Jf f 6 a - L T P ^^ Iw 5*?l. * ^lT WS i Atm/lWr, Itiy* mfnnt.*
1789 he started or revmd the * ArffUH,' a vio* , fohylcnw ne^nirit of hin ^'w tV*i ttuitUrf i ;
_. ;- a or revived the ' ArguH/a vto* f<*hlcnw nctunirit of list* ^'nrni r fVtm
lent opposition daily paper. In 1701 ho wa ' Amttwu'tt liritWi Jt.iirnIiti ; Al^
served with nve informations and tin indict- w * m ifl Fr * ttlt ^ 1 Ii*Tt>itii4i j Ail<**iiiin i(S Aw?
mentbytheattorney-generalforaibtslfioiuhtt Md l %* i^.J J. fl. A,
government, and was twice sentenced to Mix PERRY HTPHtFM Ifrtt/I1I i mm
rfoK7aZTf e the 'TS 1 " r r ct r i i y is*)- -^^ !- " i-ihi i
KuSbOT^ferfSTriST'? 11 ? 0111 ^ i(i f H ' lHit>>! ' WH *" " l< Hl "!'''"' ''""V,
Perry
Perry
t a.au W as
Homo I in RVimUic- amount, ol tho udw.ntuw
w s reprint in IH7U Iron. the <
vi Hiul vii. A ' ^l'" rti <m tu "
o KnJ-u^m IslAMnuvn up by
'
"U-.o,
t an to Uu
WH
m
w ,'il ,iH
n"ul(M of U!
nfficiiil ri'iiort. on tli
K or U, otorvation of Ui
'
i I liu i*t*liOl*t HIM M'UI *~^* *** '"""
I pur\M)Hi. 01 ( ' . t , (ULl of IUH TJraparatuniH,
five Buonths by
and
two broo/oa. ir l iL 1^9 aB a wan buried
Perry 3 JVrry
damage from hunt and damp, A (Iriiwin^ HiU>vv.r; * s-;* 1 ! Iv -. < <f <n
from tho bostproRorv.Hl plat < by Mi 1 -*- \ nl'! t^l-hn t;i I"- **, ;.* * < .'' . " ,
Common wan publinlu..! IIM afrimtivpiw f** fh, Hn*;ih V^ ''"tV, -u > M- n
the 'ObHorvatory' fur March 1H..O, with i Un .M.V-^ ** . p * .i ^ f ^
note by Mr, W, ll. Wt.hy on th> eltsmu'ftr mM'uUi' '<* "f b - )" i'-v.-.r , i; I ;
of the dopieUnl corona* ^ _ iuni iw<"m;pr''itio>tv' *t4^" >y ^
Porry'rt character was r i n.urkuhl for win- rMtr'iu'*'i jtt fiM) .i* ^.i,,! *'-} 1
pllclty and oarnoHtuoHH. llo had tin* frittsH" wopK,
^arout cuudour of a chtlcl; hi nnnNMUtMug l'-rr\ M n'.l liu 1 .?-'.; Iv- ]/*^- *
!.<indlinoHB innplrtul univorwil aHVotioit, In fn$n.. tt ft fh*' U >i '0 \ '.', s.
convcwatioti ho WHH gvnial un*l litintHfttu?^ i> tlt^ r -tinu^*-. <i - . " /'
and hoonjoytsd nothing monMban a .'>hnn* in \hrv^wiu^i^ M'l^ 1 15;: - V
tlie. StouyuuvHt- ^iunoM t oxulttn^ with bo t vi -ft fJt r ii'^m'tun f . nv. k : ' i -' -
(jfltio ovov a top woro nt rric-irt, Yf| hr* \vjfpa t
(Indication to duty wan atw.luU', his put irtnv ^tH";r f %
iuexhauRtiblo. KiitliuMiuHtilt* uf-tronowrr in mill 1 1
lie WAH, lu. waHHtill boforo nil fhitt^tf prirt t .Irnt -f
11 preactunl w4l t and his last two wnimiH nlum-it
wore dolivoro<l in Krtnoh to (lu rouvirlM !" Kn^liui
Salut, The aKtrotu.inifiil ollicit'noy of ih* 1 JmT
Mm, hia oitbrts in that diroctiou 1>iin^ n-n-* Aitiwi'tp
dered powwblB by tlio iu i .qnisit'M.Tt in lf*U'/ i nnl Itr r*i
of an B-inch oqnatorial b^ Troughton nn*l ' !V'Httli>*I
flimma. Varioiw othor inHlrnmontH wm* ; 11^ tul v
added, including tht. Wnoh Oliirlt rpirurlor I ^rnpliti' *
\iaed by Prohondary T, W, Wtibb ( 11, v, j Two ' \ tutir-rnn-
wnall spoctL'OHuopoKwonuturchn^u iu 1H70; lijihi't! isi I
use from October 1871) lor tltm nuwttr*iu*'Hf - cit*riltn^n 'uj* t1< ij^uJ >-- ,^'%. M fj^ 'Ui*'
of the solar chroraoHpiumuuul prn!iintMtft; ; i-;rvrtftry* f <V|irni!. i .-*t, t * \ i!i*r;'/ il ilW
and a fine Kowlatul'B grating' dwtin*d Ibr ' * Britirth'Jimntn) *<f I'h-V-^i.itihv ' H t^ul
.systematically photographing th Hp<utni of ttuioo r*ltf:Ia jrr'|tfititf4*tn *| f r i$ ->!f*tMt\0
In 1880 Perry sot on foot tho n^ntlar dc^ |iitrt'liti?rtuT fru? ^nn^^liTntU^ wih'ti
Imeation by projection of tho Hotnr miriWo, , fuml mwinl tn stsilitif Mfil*.M'fijiun WHr*.rjv'M
and the drawings, ^xwcutod by Mr, MoK^m iw a uti<mt>ri:nl f liun in !hVM M uvhri M!I*
on a scale of ten mclwfl to tlm diaui'tfr, Htrvnttry iti NovMuti<r 1K*;
form a series of great valuo, oxtmidin^ ovor ||at !* iw^v t! ! *i 'u * a"' I- f 51
nineteen years, By thftir tnoittw IVrry dw* ft,!v A *I i* VsY "'***! "** l ' |H|< ** n *^' t . '^ -^
lot, the phonotxiBnoD. of 'voil(uf Hpotn*' find JCJH*' !*KII i*tH*il Ar* i *"''" i \
gatingthej3olarsurfacetheubjoctof a Friday Hi-i^rii'iiii'in*^, iirii^sTvwT/r HMI ' ^IV ni**
eveaing discourse at the Royal hurt-tintum wpvut.^, ml r^,H!/;*/iy ; ^..irr^U it^pri^r t
in May 1889, as well as of a paper wad bottom ^ * B^ < with |'. trit J . M <it ** 1 1^ 1'i - , I i It l,
the Royal Astronomical Society on '14 Juno 1N87 1 Tiii H Jwt, tHWO Trtiiipt, 1 1 **irt ;*.: J^ti,
\ 8 ?^ (Memoirs, xUat. 27S) : But whil lii l fwi '' ! '*'-* ^- *M.l A- M- *,
*t>lw phyi(!H ( ,F1REY HIH THOMAH KltHKINK
,80 obanrvatiott& (IHOU-'IHH^ 1 ), Ijittiitu )ttti^r% Iwirii ! Wttntlti*-*
v* v -*F*W* _o DanQuiucQj uyweus, and occtilta- bunk Ilcntws WtuiUnttmt *tt 'v'O July Wfl t
toons, besides the maintenance of awgulwr Wfw ihtt MHComl Mm uf .tiint*^" IVrrV 'iti. vj!
^atchfor shootmg stars, The magi^tic and proprinUir wid mlitr f tl*. * M.Iriiiiijr (iUfJi
ov B .
HrrZwitv . i * i lu " * Wil H r "". 'Swl'Mrv S)ir,
SSf "^H"?" *- a '':ti; ssis:
U^oSrAS^rs . Ks.'
Perry s<
at Charterhouse and Trinity Oolletfo, (*nm~
bridge, where he graduated B,A. in IHL'U,
lie wan admitted a member of Lineoln\s Inn
on tt Keb. 1KL7 and wn for Nome time a
pupil of .lohu l*ntt< won [q, v. )> afterward** a
juatiee of the kinjjf'rt bench; hut, taking a
(Unlike to the law, he went, iu IS'Ji) to
Munich, where he resided with bin friend, tlw !
second Lord MrwKine, the British tmnwter, !
and Btudied at the univermty* On his return
to Hug-hind, iu the beginning* of 1WU, Perry
took nn active part iu the reform agitation, i
Ho became honorary secretary of tlw fsV ;
tionul Political Uniouof London, and founded !
the Parliamentary Candidate Society, the,
object of which WHH lU'eorditij? to the pro- '
fetpectHH, dated ill Murch IMJH, A to mtpport
reform by promotini 1 ; the return of fit and
proper mcmhorH of parliament.,* He WUH
proponed aw a< candidate for Wells at the
g'enenil elect inn in the spring of ISiU, hut
mdwequenf ly witlidrew from tho <otUe.Mt at |
the advice of IUM commit tee. At fhcf;oiienil
tdtH*tion in December IKtttJ tie naHucceH^fuHy !
nted ( luitham in the ndva,nce<l libend
eat n^ttinHt- ( \ibmel Maberly, the gweru-
candidiiti*, Having left the Moci*ty of
oln'H Inn, on ^10 May Iwit:?, he \VHH ad* '
ul to the* Inner Temple on *Sluno tol- ',
lowing^ ntul wan ctttlod to the bar on iM Ntv, i
18f!4, Tlmugh he joined the home circuit, (
IVu*ry uppearn to luive devot'nl hiniHelf to i
law reporting* In thtn work luu'tdhtborated
with Sandford Nevihyiml nulmequently with
Henry Ihivisoiu V\''ith Nevile ho WUH oho
joint author of* HeportM of t -itNtw relating 1 to
the OlUcc of Mit^mtruteN dcKriuine<l in the
Court of KUIK'H Bench/ ^'c, [ from Micbael-
maw term IHiitJ to MichneimnM term IHJJ7),
ljou<lou y lH,H7 f HvO| pt.H, i, and ii (UUUHU-
|jliHo) ? and ' UeporlB <f C-nweH argtuul and
ilotorttuiuul iu tlm (Viurti of Kiu^H l^'.nch^
imd upon Writn of 1'Hrror from that Oonrt to
thts l'L\ch(Hjuer Chamber/ tfee, | frcun Michacil-
ma term 1WW U\ Trinity term IHiJHj, ,Lon*
don, IHilT 1), W1H 8vo t * 4 i vol. lie wan
iiHttociatml with DaviKou hi tlte "iroduction of
* ItoportH of Qmm argued and ('.otorminctd in
the Court of Km#' H HtJtich, ami uiou Writ.n
of Error from that Court to tlwi WxohtHjuer
Ohanibflr/ &c% ( from MichaohnaK terra IHitH
to Hilary terminal], London, IWjf). 4^,8vo, ,
4 VO!B.
Havinff lost tha greator part of hi fort tint*
"by tho iailuro of a bank in 1B-H), Perry
applied to the government for preicirment,
and was appointed a judge of tlm supremo
court of ftomhity, fl waa kui^htod at
Buckingham Palace on 11 Feb. I Bid (Lm~
dm Gazette* IB41, pt. i. p. 400), and was
sworn into h\H jiulicial ollic<s at Bombay ou
Perry
10 April in the HUTUO year. In May 1817 lie
wnn promoled to the pont of chief justice ia
tlu* plucc of Sir David Pollock, and continued
to preside over the, court until hi.s retirement
from the bunch in the autumn of lH"c',
O\vin# to bin Htrit't impart-iulity ia tluMid-
mini.stration of Justice and his untiring
(\\ertioius on behalf of education, Perry wan
exceedingly popular atnon^ the nat<ivo com-
munity of nonday, A mini of 5,00()/, was
MnbHcril>cd n a teHtiinonsnl of thnir regard
for him on law hMivin^" India, in November
l.H5iJ; tljif Hum, at his r( x tjucst t wan dt k vot4Hl
to the est.jibHHhinent of a, i^^rry profoHHorwlnp
of law, Soon after IUM rnturui'O Kn^land ho
wroto several let,ierH to the * TimeH, 1 under
the p.xeudonym of Mffidji,' ndvocalin^ thn
abolition of the I'Jn.^t India Company and
tluM'onsi itut'iou of an indepmuii^nt council
undt k r t'he executive governments At a by
election in June 1H\H lu> nnHUecessfnlly
(ont(!4lMl LivTp(jol, In May of the follow*
ing 1 year he \VUM return(*fl for Dovonport in
the liberal intercut, and cont-iniUHl to Hit for
that borough until bin appointment to the
India council. Ho t-tpokn for the lirnt timo
in the HOUHO of ( 1 omwonn on iiii Jnim 1H54
( /Wr/, /Mitrtt'ft, -ird (*r, cxxxiv. Hi) I -I), and
in August following* tcDok part in t.hc dnbato
on the revenue atujountH of the Kant India
C'omjmny, whwi he i\x inwc.d bin doHiro that
*our ^ov k rnnumt iu India nhould uHsnnitt
the moxt lib(Tal form of policy that wu
oonipHtiblo with tlu^ d(Hpot.mm that tmwt
tdwavH oxint in an Aniatic coiitit.ry ' (//^
cxxxV, nan 71). On M nec : IK^I 'i
warmly wnpportod, iu an able and interesting
wpeech*, llic third nwliutf of tU<i KnliHtmcnt
of l\>r(4gTicnM Bill (lh f cxxxyi, H;JO 7). On
10 May 1855 bo unmicccHsfuIly tnoytKl for
thu appointment of a Heliu't committuu^ to
COUH'K'.IT how the army of India mi^ht bo
nuidti ' moHt available for a war in ICnro]>'
(ib. cxxxviii, iJ(W-l!iJ, i3H 0), On 4 Marcli
185lj he, protchtful agafiiHt tlu^ annexation of
Oudo, ami mo\<ul for a ivutirn 4 onumu'atin^
tiie HMVtjral territories whbh have btuiu
or have been proponed to btuum^xod
to fch< Britinli dointnionH by the govwnpr-
gotuu'ai of India nituso tl* cloao of the Punjab
war ' (it*, cxl 1855). Oti 18 A^rii ho ealcd
tho att<ition ot'tho bourns to tao incroaHing;
dtifiit of tli India rwvwnuo, and attacJini
Lord DalhotiHio'B policy of annexation (ib*
clxi. IlH9"l k 207). H waw also a ntreuvionB
advocate of the policy of admitting nativ( k s
to ofiicial jiOHta in Tudia. On 10.funo > 185H
lit) brought forward th nubjoofcof the riff
of marrud woman, and moved that/ the r
of coraxnon law which gavo all Oie porwonal
property of n woman in marriajco, and all
iVrrv -i' ; " r* ? n a
m
t i i ' ' ' i , ' \ ' ' " \,
to tlitf luwwil'l utf uniM? w yi'ti 'i .*' "' - '" ' t '"" ' ,,i */ , * ; ; "
bjurimu in tlirif 0jT f in^:i Vj jl ( i'O *; .-' V^ ^ ' , ,1 , ? < '<''',
1*J77, K'H'tu In fti* 1 f.il).ivu?v v,, <",/ '<** lv.< f ^ / v a 1- v
both X|K)kft rtHll VOlr'4 I*tfrt1',f h*' ^-^vn: :; '"', j.,n 1' .,-, -'in, i - ;f
cxliv, Mo7 <W, 1*17), n tf Msn I '.'; J " "i n ' I ,. U", ' i ?
brought in a hill t luwwl ih,- U ,4 j , ! >ij &, } i ?/. * 1I - >
pvtty fts it itilV-rftHl jtiiirn* 4 w- n * u. o* h->i,i/, ','^,', -, f f ';
xlv, *Jfltl T4l, which wM'""pl f* :M',OI i f"..i-^ <.' ->s : ^ '.,'., 1- . ' -,
lin ntnviul tin' wvnn4tVft' Is g**i (.ut-i '.-" ;. t'."-' n ,-,, 1 ^ v\
bollVWH furmi^M'iVivhniUv pt-r*.-Mi^r f;.^ v,! -!\ \ ., " . i 1 ,- , r
miltv nf olimw Utnhr* nn*l -jm'!^''' > hf} A '/J 'Ji,, ,<. ., ; %-,.' p,
\ U*t. % HH) flficl jnJNnt sVnjnrn'U t ?'!* i " -.' 1'' , '; ', j - ' t
(tiHruKttintt nfflif IHvMjv*" nuts Mut.iiti :,.,} hn ^& | . | ,1- ,- , i I
Ottiimm Hill in cdnutt*'\ JVm ^mr ( r 1 r 1 c % , ,"0 t , Mi
hearty (u)ururr*n tt* tltr fit^f V<' J n^ M|' |-n - 1 -,^ ;,*,. sit 4.
N \ < 1 IJ|Iii*|tf * } !> 14 | ...i! ,'S,,^ ^? t ,, , ij , , ,- ,
on liJ lVb* iHoH {'/>, rxhtil ITitH J'/^njM ,,'"it%,-, U, v .< '
HtippoHod th iutrodurttMU f th ?*.!" n % , i ., ' ; ] w \ ,
Transfer (if JiAtut (Irolwul) Hill un i M-a J..,-,j ; 't.'-!' i , , ' j '' , "; ;
following ($ el. 40 ||, \\\\ i4 t t | ir... j\ ( * !,< ^'.^r,/, - \ ; .. ,,, v ,-ijM'
minwit pwt in tin* tii^UfMimtt in \\m\\\\i\\^ M* Ij ri 1P i / .1 ' : -. ' ^ - i '",'; i i^i'l *iv f V*
of the thiwl Uovwummt of Imhit IUIJ. m^l " '+, I 4 *;'', NJ -. v i'^, , ,,t^f,"*jv
on tha third rwliiig tif thi* liiii ri*'rliif',t fi.-i i". :! iu. i, jh^M l( ,, i 1 ; : t-, ',i, itt., . .j
'solemn conviction that it wotiM ( Ir^i U^^.TU ..r 1 ,v .'f v, , - - 8 >f -U:M,. M\
more than four or (iy ynwrn, taj4 that n l" f * Ii' *K i U, i*', *A\,V , f urj(injl ,
that time th coumut wntilit pfHtisiiiH ! ^-^ <?*' I?-. 1 -"* vv } ''-' 1 "*. lfifl '"' *'^?^^"j,
found unworkahh* 1 (//i. Hi, tuny Hi/* fl^ ^'"^ r ^"^ lv<; ' "^'. -" r '^ .^.-M J V;-,* <
spoke for the* lu*t fini in t)m hf*um* MU J " lh; " *'"" i --' t *"< *' " l - l ' rt5 f **i^ tv-
19 July 1850, during tint tirfmto m t!i^ f* 81 * 5 '!; % 'V* tti "* "- 1 " r '*' ^" l '" - 1 ;^*i
inswtod that *m futim* tin* n**WrttiPiti f 1*KltHVN Nt*i i:f
Indiamuftt Im mordimgnttftl tw tftr Ir^iitH/'i imvm *>f lii/f* -h* M > *.| HMti^iutu
and wishes of th pwil*0 r/A rlv Mrn IVrw* >*' l'iiM **'* -I 'i v ^ ^ -^1 - V t iw
Shortly after Lord Pit tm^timV* n'iMji^ ; ril*4 duM^hirr ** Ut > . 1 \.Un,C^.w
bet of the eouneil of Imlm (K Atf! l;4ltl : rhttrVtiMf Ftti'T^iViK \ /' / i ^M.^vitViii!
Onluanwi((jiationofthUtM, T iifwmMfM ritf^lis Ut<)> n irises i i' ^ ui-lVt i.-< S
Worehi8dftftt.h,thoqum*ngavliMrnmfvttl rti|r rf <Kil| Wiv I 4 , i- I,', -i,^h.,t ,!
to his admiHHkm to tht privy wnjnrsl f| t , , Mi 4 \l iir r!* i/|i Uti, |, t t / '". , t\i , fr
was, however^ too ill to lm Mwum ii! li !|M iv, ^tirtiti. ,! H ^n^tr^'i k ,'n .i^.^r^ hm
SiSj?^
chnznzirv.^^^^^^^ ^ t*^l^I^^m ji'iru'-iT ivm
child oi JamoR M'Klkinoy of llrlgljtm f * n H tnintmtm*f " '
a mece ot Maclama Jftromft litnmtmrti* M!I ' ' '
died at Byoulla on 12 Got, IWU *
secondly, on C June 18f>f>. Kit
PW m^uunsw i . * J ** ft ' I7711 ]
^Aiift -fit*af IAMJ'V^ ' i*' * WHtt Clf HlfcN (^ftHliKMf)i //Ij^il/ w/ f 'ArtfAfl*^ 1 . I^Hiyf. i. III L
vu ***w > urs* lord Uwwflnt. who utin in*tu*u - i i.* t. * w \ *
Perry wrote: l.'LcrttiitoJU^rf^^l iT * t| |w yrl|r Ww Wllf | tt fe tjl p
.ord 01wf Justice of Nm^i ^ w tf:"!!: Uf " nH llf ii A "M ^1^7 ^ * f '}'* Jl ! t|Mr r r fll i f(l0 *
*m u A-pru lull In 1 * iii'f^I liitfiya 1*14 ww up*
f *t fitifiiti til* ftp* <M*ltW|tt*f *H tfirt
*^if 4ottn lliirl*iiifl, i4ii*| wan lutigliirtf
.j^olilr^i'w'ili^'JUflAiff
0* - s&m^ uwtith (HcACiMii>'K| //^wf# f 170!| ii
Pel-sail
t
, l
-
Terse
Lmilou, 1741, Kvo.
v oo. vii. fiH; J.*" ". ' .
Olivi-r H Jwuil. CollwUtuiH, 1" 167 -.I
1H7S, I'!'-
, ,, v , ,,,!, 18HS, I" .1
~
Bt .w library.
!,,
lw HIX
at (
.
i IU ,,,, and
y ml ; ix (.,
u
*y.
n
^
11
(, in v '*""" * iv .. j j iit njLCH Ui vvv'fcj*'*"
U i a Kro ^> l l4Ul ^i udiniXH wow wasted.
I /Miwuil (NilU'^S * l< * l)ttutun(fH VH^
]) V 'llrlHU v f v** v n ' ^ ThoiHtlH ljt>VOtiWpf lM,/>y
of Pmtilmilw ^ cl r ^ < ^ < \7tlu!l)oyB of Norwich
ar acUot) 1 l YlooiwtirriamaHtot \\\
w , .-.^--ly ^^a'i^^/iiavviioiMUWodtliroutflx
U, 1 19 ; A J^^f jj^my Taylor. At tho IHJ-
at LUkfte. f
O f Knglana m
attended thfourto
of the
that captunty !
thft Btime
in tho
u II,
9 Sept. 1702.
Persons 4^ IVry
]<W By IUH InrdwhhnuUtvotitM rriWrn*'*' nnl w - ?'***-*' <W ^>* v , ! >. w M! tl
wan nmifo to our of to** murttotM nf tb' nwt nuMb-v lu]| M n h M- ! * /^i. Th*-
who uw>rovwl a wlunw ftr flu* tt<hww.Mni" n| tln> Iir-S H.'<n. ?' r t^nt.M- !-
tiou < tlw ':m}M<rty and npjli<'iitim <f th* ti h*-. {u-Jmty in }:'tu'*'t^ fb-
im'omiumtt'. July IH'H, Uml**r thi whrwt* *f !r<1wl, 't yiM^u^m *t" thr nu n
now buildings wow wwtml, tml flu* vltH-il lnMw, <!' ht'U i*'^n ;* '.'MW'<U rnu
bcctimo a ttouriHlung plna* of nltit*nttm, In rtlif*!*, fit V Jnn i';rfHi* JUT ii*ut Isrst'h
187ti a now Bdwuw wiw njnr\l by th *f n bstt J'^r tb' * ?i* tK r ntrni *t' uiju^nj
ewlowed C!UH>IH rtmuui^Mitrtu in vitt'u nf *u ;> t'V^ ( h-nJ^ *j' n i*U f *r tho hri-t^r
\vliich, awumg" othor fluuip^, rvhtti Inr ;-j^>luni: hM*:f\ -! t^il/tut \vtjj otrnmid
girlw \VHH caUjblwluHl hi IsSH, m th r llnnr, umi iu V Nl**v) L, .s4^ ^f H tnll it
mcwnl of tlw whuul to a tnn* nn\''ni**stl imnrui n1'i*Ai"sl r ^niuhj^inu rr.' flu*
position on the tUll.M iioml t thiMM Mti^ nl 5ri * *4 l r-M^ in Hi, .-ii\ H( lj{tj!in, M-Kt
"builtlh\f(H wt^rclunifibi by tluMtt\ii'Htfy tnr nf lu; wru'r.itvr* ^-lufaulh iMjitul h**ir \vuy
lii^OO/. (S Muy) Tht* iMiihliniKM, \vlurh ut ittiu fl' muttifri.^li, !mf it! f!?n t$m bt
first wore, only tulfipU'tl to tin* |WJUMV* f *f%|-ri- j t^%'*l <'* .n?!' ?.!< fjij-'M'^m trnm
tin ^n^IntHH'in^ lni)ovHt.ot k y 4 Irnvi* him'< hr<n r'H^nmM'ftf , uu'i nf *!" r!< i- -I i|*r '*^"iuu
In jrroat purt jmlh(l du\Mi ; hut tht* Stnr liVh'thfW;;l- ? Inn- ''il' ju '. f i!> >( ui *^NMHS
Jttcobwui, roof, tmH of thi^U"i),ttunl Mrui'tu^'r ili* ir^inl HM:.' I,M fl *4i'l f < tla-
has boon cnwtully ptwmvtl, l\^^ nl't f'*}if , fSi*- {'it" r ^i l^- n .**jr<-
foundiul alranhoUHMj which huvr U!HO h*'it In fln*lHil^n\if| !: **", i,-n !*'?.*- 1,
rebuilt} they aro now Mluivtotl in Ni*uu n M su'^ u* f!i- |i'U^*M> h'.f < \\ u i
ham. * , i^'i***>/th* /*Vj'.; 1;' /*> i ;- //jii, 'tniu
[Tnlormation lundly 8iut.liwt by Ir, V.-HH '' nr ; ! 7 <n n< ^ !!V I** 1 ';; 11 ' 1 ' l f:rJs ";''* ll n rtllil
ami J. W* Clark, mj,; Urn tVr,^ HiuI, rum* f ' ! tluMv^-nitr M| n^um!n, hf*Muj ( piirir
bridge (notw by J, Vonu uml H. aVmni); p';iH^Hi limit -,U'.|il\ <M Ht. y,.n\ \\ith t
Cooper's Aimnl of Oaniltrul^tt, ill. !KIvV<%; nl "
, .
iHu o t *mv,of t!mnbt"i*ls*H, littmrmt, 1st r*ti''M|itrfii'r **!' rntiMuir HUM
ii, 551; BlnMK',fl<4d' NuH'ulk, tit, Wt Si ; Witiw mt<ftt<*<l lujini} v if it \\\\,iliiw\* ft "*t'in'i riot
and Clark's Arehitocit, Hinr, (if i,lw Uuivormty of fooi j4istt* tu liUw in SMt"u1**p tT '*, ntitl
Oambi'idge, iil 30, 109/2011 W, A, J. A, ! IWy tltMU^ki if r>:lit t. 'n^j*' ( iti* with
iui'Hf* Thi*?^ hi*wrvT, h<nrH tu !H
PERTH, I)ITKBH and RAULB OK [Mow ', <11V th*nsgh it it* j*r*tmMi' hi* w** u
BuumMOTO, JAMKH, fourth KAIIL ami lirnl , f^wi nf m\m\nf^\nw\ 4 a\, \\lw\\ wut itff^r-
titular I)UKB, 1648-1716 ; DtttfMMOND, JAM i; r ' wanln iMnf*rr**l o J4tn Um'i', l*nt Aumily
fifth EAKL and aacotid titular IHiJtK, Ui?r> - ! [I- v] H* tli;i|tl$tyrl gniit tnft*rt*f4 in t.h
17SO; BHUMMOHB, JiMia, H'kth EAIIL ami ' pHwfvrity of lu^!iiiv*ri!i ; nul whou I*iuu^
third titular DOM, 17LH-1747,] rick wiwln ITtiif il*v1iir^/l tn hr n loiter a
/NtT r>T,im 1 7( Y> /, Tins . furt'TOHW, hl< WUH tllHt fUmi'lttfll III rttttMttt^ tllM
i^L n ^ i ( f' J ^ ! ^ S 1uln " * " >> l"vt'UI, mnv run-in > hi- !.!.>,
Cathedral, [S u !>. Btt ,i a IM , W w,,^ n.U,m.-iu W ,|IW.VM i J*
liuilt. At. tht'gntit'CMli'li'i-tiuH uf 1 Visit \u\ \vn
_PERUStN"D'S,PBTUUS(ir>30f-ir)ttP;, , ret urntil witli.mt .jij.i<iti<m for the city <>f
historian and poet. [See BtSiAKi, P.im'KO,] UmiU'irk, wkiolt hn nmtimiiwl tit ri'jm'ii'ut
PTJ--DV WTMlTAXTrv ecnvm/^r ., JH Wttll'cmivtt imrlilUWCUls till IllH Wt itt'lUntltl
PERT, EDMOND SEXTON, VtH(W in 1785.
PBKI (1719-1806), eldest son. of tin, ltv, Ju 171 ho luul a wrimw illnt'M. On Iti*
, . , u o uu a wmw nt'M. n t*
btacltpole lew and mndwit _of Edmond ratttnt to (.nrlittut.'.ith.' rw!ainicM'tUitt-
wf/w^''- T - r ? : - e - 00 A Urt ., m B c(K (<lttr "' Klttulit.ulhi>pHiM.nli*t. Annmtnwlimmtto
Zilv ,l m n CT !? k / n A / Ml 17 T W - Ili8 thw ft' 1 ^'**. wv >>? Mm nt llw opmiing of
gWall ' y from ? ower I5ri "y. tlwimwlon intlctalMirWnwKMin Uta YWW
, ' from , . a
m ^"""fwaathe "sign of tlurt tlu 'nrdi.mrv
tin. Iimwe, and
-
,f M ff h nwt that no ww prnwrnv nkould to panted
elected MP f- ir7 M on thtt civi lrt <*pt ttptm VH7 extm.
B^ at fi,t' Ll^ v\ b0rOUg ' 1 of Wicklow. ordinary OOBMWIW.' Hut, A bin efc)rto to
at fi,t v . . ,
dnSl n JFTwnment, but gra- obtain In unqualified o.m<lmiiitloa of tfa
dually adopted a more mdependont attitude, y.tm (J/A ky. vii. WI8, 8CX) { CVWWWIM'
Pery
,?ery
Journal^ vii. S&7) ended in failure. On the
resignation of John PouHonhyJij, v.], IVrv
wan elected speaker of the Jrah Htmw of,
Commons on 7 March 1771* He did not, an ;
was usual, a.(uu'.t to decline the honour eon- j
forrod upon him, but on beinjr presented for ;
the approbation of the frown lu> admitted i
that. itwuH tho highest point of his ambition,
aud that he had not boen more wdieitonw to
obtain it than he would he to discharge tho
dutias of the pout, On 1 May he WUH nworu (
a member of the privy council
Ilia conduct in the chair fully approved ;
tho wiwdom of hit* oloetton. 1 4 W not only ,
did he preserve that strict impartiality which !
IUH position demanded, but at a time \\hen t.he I
wiviloj^cH of the commons were extremely
liable to infringement, he. Htnnd forth HM their
xcalous defender. On l^ I'eb, 177* thehott.se ;
waH equally divided on a motion eennurui^ '
nu increase in the ntnnherolYommi; j KionorM of ,
the rwutw. I'ery gitve his cu,ttjn^ vote in
favour of the motion, 'This/ N atd he, * in a
question which involves the privile^eM of the. (
couuuoiiH of Ireland, The noen have opposed !
the privilege : the noes have been wronf<;; ,
lot tho privileges of the commons of Ireland
stand unimpeae.hed, therefore I way the ayea
httVO it' (U RATTAN, L{fa <>/ (<Mttt<M 9 i* U)0;
Jli/L Mn(/, viii. 7}* A^ain t in preuentiit^
the fcupplitw \u the lord lieutenant at tlio ,
cloae of tho mwm 177H, he npnlto Ixddly !
and forcibly on thu deplorable Mtiito of tho |
country, and on U necessity of removing j
tho xoHtrictionn pluc.ed by Kn^laiul on Irish j
couxmofco* I'ltjiuilly pat riot t(*. and re^a^dful i
of the privilegen of tho eommetw \VM his
declaration that the Tontine Hill of I77fi
was virtually a bill of mipply, and therefore, i
to be rotuntodl to t.ho hoiwo for presentation 1
to the lord lieutenant. In 4770 the iVieudn ;
of tho lato flpoakt^r Ponwmby nuide an in- |
effectual effort to provent hi re-election, i
Though dobarnul by IUH position from taking 1 j
any open part In tho political fitru^'Im of j
the day, hi) lent ft gmrou sujunirt, to tho
Belief Bill of 177B and it wiw oluefly to hi '
judicioufi management that th bill, though
ahom of its ccmctiHHioriH to t1te prebyttiriiiiw,
WEB allowed to pans through parliament. In
1778 he visited England in order to promolo
the concession of Into trade, Ho upproved
of the volunteer movftmwnt, and G rattan do-
rived great practical aamatiwca froin him in
the struggle for legislative* indwpcmdonco.
He was re-elected to tho epoaknrnhip in 178*i
He objected to PittV* commercial propositions
of 1786 ; "but fe^Hn^ the frailties of ag6 prew*
ing xtpoii him, he resigned the chair cm 4 felept,,
and retired mm parliamentary life. In re-
cognition of his long wad faibhful * "
hin tnaji'My (leorge 111 wa8]leaed to prant
him a pension of ;>,00()/, a year, and to ra { wi
htm to ihr peern: v hy the, title of YWoimti
Pery of Nc\vto\vu-lN'ry in tlu* county of
Linievicli. Though slron^ly op])o^ed to the
uuion T he deelnred tliut-, if it wen* really <1e-
nired hy pnriiniuent and the country, hn
would ieel it, Ilia duty to Htirrender hiw own
opinion, iu>l to give his best assistance in
', viii. tllK">). ritimately he voted
it, H^ died at IHM hon,se iu l*urk
Street, London, on tM Kelt, tH(H5, aiul \VHH
huriiMliu the Cl vert family vault n-t llun^lnu
in 1 lertfortbihh'e,
l*ery mnrrietl, lir;' ( t t oti 1 1 June 17511* Patty,
yomtf^e.st daughter of John Martin, enq,, \\ lit
died without innue; cctmdly,oni!7Oct. IT<1\
Klixnheth \'esey, eldenl. daughter of John
Oenny, lord Knnpton, nnd .sinter of Thomas,
visconnit He \'iHci, liy whom he had IMMU**-
two <hu$i(hterH; Duma Jane, who married
Thoiuan Kuo\% eldest, HOU of Tli<unH, X'twounl.
Northland; and I 4 ' ranees, who ninrrierl Ni-
chnlaw Culvert, e,st{,t of Ihutmlon in llerl-
fordnhire, Uiw dnn^hters iuherifeil IUH per*
Mouul pro{ierly; but the Fntntiy 'Mat.e t worth
H,t)0()/, a yenr denc^ndtMl in hU nejdtevv,
I'Mutund Henry lVi\y,eur1 of Limerick (ij, v.)
To JU*t|(e frnUi Milt'li of hirt hjteeclu'H itM have
beeii prenerveil, l^ery wnnuterwe rut her than
n briluant npealcer; hut JIIM cottdtict in thti
chair WHH #reutly udnured hy l' l >Xi nu hin
visit to Dublin in 1777, tn private life, not-
witJiMtHtidiitf{ hi grnve and ninnewhat 'VtM'e
dtuneanoitr, he \vnn polite and urbane, and
to yonng people extremely indulgent,
An engraved portrait- IH prefixed to unhort
memoir of him published dviri ng'liiH lite iu tho
* Ilibornmn Mngaxine ' (vii, f>75), lie '|mb-
ltKh*ul liitonymouHly in 17^7 * Letters Irotn
an Armenian in freltmd,' very plennantly
written ^ and flout tuning ome curioiw and
valuable reflections on the politictil Hit\uition
m IrebuuL 1H mirrertpimderice uiul me-
moranda of IUH Hpeeehew form part of thn
collectticm of 'Lord Kmly of Tervoe, ct>, LSWH
rude, of which tlujre, in tumtn tuwouut M tho
eig'htlt rejmrt of the UiHtorirul M
/i^.^^i^.^i (App, pp. 174 SiOB),
M l ftg, vii. viii.j Clrtittan'n Life of
llwjry tjlmttan, i. 1 0*1-12 ; JourrilHof tho Ilinvtn
of OonunoriH* Ircihmd, ptywlm; Hiirdy*** Life of
Charlemoiit ; Waljwdo*** Memoir* of tn< Ii*%n of
Q-txirgo II ; Olfttjittl List of Mtimlr <>f Pftrlia*
nt/; Oont. Mag, 1806, pt, i, fn 27 ; Bcrwfford
Oorwwp. i. 27, 42, 4% 7fl, 114; UnihwiSi Hwt,
of Lim^riek, p, 3*^2 ; L*<*kyV Hifc* of EngUtwl,
$v* 414, 47S, B09, viii, 295, 344; Tli*t 'MWB,
Comm, Ut Rep p* U8 M Rftp. )>, 140, 8th
Ilrp. pp. 174^208, ttb Ep. App, ft, 64, ISith
IVry 44 lVi\j!u
it, ix, (Kurt f lH',fiMttf Inti^rA M'"'"' ', Um
18th Kt'p. AM>, hi, tMSS. nf J, P. i'f>t?.>*w, || r ^.^ n >v,-,^,J s;i },. ^i^,
MS.S, Brit Mtw. tutlMtt ft :i?, M* WW 1^ j 4J . ,,,., (l ^f .. r . ; , v i ,,. n \VtiW
1 101, 84417 f, ^4, H44III ft, l?y, UH, %'<* tl " VJ ,, n ivrs,
i mum, * . ^^ ;|,.V,'* !' t o< V v, V '<'<*-
PKRY, KDMt-XI) HKNKY* K\t* tr i . M*.n, '", .-* ?,<, ,vi, i 1 ,,.^^,, rm
LUJKHH'K (I75S iHtfOt Wfp flpMnih 'I'll '-f nl-'Hl. <,,->, |<>e' t I 1 ,, >',' -",,Ur\ P rt?t**, hi
William (Veil tVn% br*U *!ruiw*titi| I* "I !i'iM t n';;tn*"u*rtM l*j.iri.rt,| <*, I* M y,
171M ) t btahop Mirt**?'**tvi*ly ot Ktibtt-M* *ut
Limerick, who wiw nu*d in 1 It*' 1 n?*h ji'iruMt ^ I *KU Y A M , >: : \\ 1 1 ,1 J A \f , 1 ."
on ill May I7UO, by WH iin*i st**, *1tjr, j^l^r, w-"; i 5 ,- f t.',M -. u j J**hn t'
\f, vincouiU !Sn*y ''i|, v, i v fl|wi^*r U4^-rf H--n ^f 'Mfrrv !"- f Msu 1 ) IN^-M
land on H Iuu, IToH, Kditutnd WHN ***tnrAf 4 ^H-- l^'t'i* rtf I 1 '** J-T n I.'U, >tjtl n n^ ^
at Trinity (Jolhy^ Ihiblm, bttt tiil t*W *'*' ^>r J'h<'mn U-'d;. \ | %,; Ih^ f ; t^
a dt k gi*(H^ Un inu4l<*d nn tlt* roitlnintf *f iimu ni tn'ium w ;*; !?'' nn^nr t! M
Europo t fiiid in 17WJ viit**r'd th** ln*U Jl^ii'*^ nul hi's Itrff1^i\ Su ,lMtjh, WH-J n!;) itn
Limerick. Ho rotHiui*d thiw nntt till 4 .futy t'ltlbv'**!****-' 1 ''!-
171)4, ivlu%lM} HurnMnUni t* t!ir lri*4t|t**"rii^*' rnt-l til !Ur:r'r rJtit^;', *
on tho doathof hU fathr Lord Ub'tHwrth. wiw U*r(*.l irjl*%t -n ( ,*\ V
Though of ovt i rbnirin^tJHUUu rH HIM! uull *ti 7 Hr? ltVL nii*l f-i* t''r I'txtunHth lV*ttt
talent, LVry wan a nutrrtWul |mlitiriiuu Ho I /'<*,' f* L'*/ t Hrj<iie)M) fli*- \ttMI* i r!n|ls
closely att-Acht^d binmtdf tn tlt<pt^f nut n*-r whnv 1m ii ( rs ,rr |4'H**'t| tu tb' hull, wits
cendoncy party, wlnelunniinpult^Hi all puw*r cil*'t IN fh* l^r u* tif,S, t*n'tuiJ<* n nrrifunt*
after LOK, Kit jrAVillisuuV r**riili in r/l*-i Ft wlIaw in Mt*'hui'huH* in* Li k i aiul m
his Borvtcofi to tlm j^wrrm*ut (Umttwtirth S*l E"V1, l<Vt MIW u|'|iMjtit^4 n jti*!^,** f tho
in 1795 wa raadti kopir of llw Hif(uH y nmt romm**** jl'i*;, t'j+'i* Sir rhMMMph^r Hut*
in 1797 clwk of tlw crown ami tmna{inr. On liV itrath in t*"!t| It*' ^n* tmuu'4 o** *f
the outbreak of th^robwUion of l7UHluvniM<t tb<* rui$iis,>*'Hfnf*w !* Isrn? ntu'ir** in rlwn*
a regiment of (kiigoom farmer vlt*n tt|Cfiitit I Iw wry, ami Iw ^n^ tV*ijiii*t>f iv tti owwWWH
robtUB ftt IUB own *>xptmi* Itrthfinmglystip- t*r friaU uf jmtntouJ oritu'ii, imrtitMilai'lv
ported Lord Claw in furthering tin* wli^ini* th*m* uf Mury <J<m nf S*'n?*, tin* Hurl** uf
for a union botwwn Kngland and fr 4 tiuui. Aruit'I tiwt' KM^ t nt Sit 1 J*lm IVrrut,
Hespoke fretpumtly on itBlM*haif intlm IrinU AttrimliM^ty in Juntmry LMJit h* WHH jr
House of LordH, and did much t* obtain tin* ' intitn! tti l!*i r1ii*4" Imriln f th<* **.\rhM|m*r
support of influential citirenof Dublin. In u*il w; kniglif"l ? ttil |it'***l i 4 in tlwt court
return for thnao aeryku^A ho wrw r* ( tit,*nl a ; for JU'nrty tw*lv )i*Hri <> ft I h*f , !t!04 h*
viscount in 1800, and wa om of Uu\ twenty- dtai nt Itrt U^II-H* t Littli* Fti!fVnl t nar
eight temporal lords oloctod to wpwMtunt ttm C'n'flifift U**v<tti*hir*s unit win* IjtiritMl at
peerage of Ireland m tin* parliawtnit of dttt Uttlt* Fitllhrd I'luirrti, in whtrh nt'ihb*wr*
United Kingdom after thft l||Wnfiv union ' h*wwl 1m butl iMitight liiff(f* t^tnN** ifti 1 bad
had been carried out, On II Fb, 18IJ3 Iw nl*> built H 4 fiiyrn *Iw41iiig lunt^ 1 (I*t*H,
yas raised to the dignity of Karl of Limerldc - (hltwtittn* for *Jb>iWi |K i&M) nt Crrdf
in the peerage of Ireland ; ami on 11 Attg/ I*itnin or Wig^r t whinh ! I^ft to hiH
1816 he was made an Engliah pw f by th ' duugtit^rii, awl thy wottl it to lti brother
title of Lord Foxford, SubwKmntly Ltrno* Joint, A Ytwttms nuwHwwl to l* lu jmrtrHit,
rick resided greatly in England* lie trok a awl *jriWi to Hot^in, in In tiio Nntiontti
prominent part in Irish donates in the ltou<ia Fortmit (Ifilltirv, Lwiilott ( Vo/ /irf Qwrwvr,
of Lords, and steadily opposed any conetwikm . ftth wsr, vi, W, 1 *15 ), Hi* wan thrtco mHrriwI
IQXK r ^ i c< l- ^^ He di *r ? 7 J) o- flwt * * Mwrgwy, tkuglit**r of John Hctl<*ot
1845, m Berkshire, and was buried in Limtt- of Iirkhirfs wswrnrtlv, to Ams ctoutfbtwr of
rick Cathedral. Bawinyton deacsribw him! John Pn-rk^r of North* Moltm/l*vmhir ;
aa alwava craftv. ftnrnAtimAs imntA^* **.*!. i.L.^ji*. *,, L*IJ.,*^ L..IIL ... .1,. .,.,,,i 1 ,*<, t ,. ui* PO-
*, ,
. [c . v.] of
Limerick married, on 29 Jan, 1788, Alice , Ooleombe, DwtwtMhiw, and KlimbHi to Sir
Pcryn
45
Pcstell
llohert HiwHot of Ileanton-Punrhnrdon, De-
vonshire; Jane married Thmnan Poyntx of
Hertfordshire; and Anne, William Willinnw
of llerrin^Htone, Dorset, Uw widow, in 1<>:JO,
endowed a fellowship and two HeJiolnrshipn
at. Balliol College, Oxford, out of la win nt
Hambledonand PrinecH Rwhorou^h in Buck-
KoffiHtrmu (loll. Kxw, (Oxf, Huit,
co'rt Worthies; Pule'n (JolhvttoiiM for Unvmt;
lo'H Origins, pp, 4H *2U'> ; Hta( Trialn. I
1251, Kilo, 1HM; App. 4th Hop, Public
Koeortln, 272 !H5 ; Walter Yon^i'tt Diary, p, H;
Grwm'M t)om<\stie HI nth IMp<v 16(1 1 UJOtt ;
FoHhTH Alumui OXON,; StrypeV WorUw, Index;
OllUtiat Returns of MmuUuvt of Parliament, |
.1. A. H.
FEEYN, WILLIAM (>/, !/W), Domini-
can, was probably connected with the Putins
of Shropnhire, though IUH name? doc t*<M*
oc.cut iu tlu> visitation ni'thal <Mjutty of M*'l.
Ho <arly IHH-IUIK^ a Df)miui<an, and WHH cdu*
catf^l at tl hoiiHO of that- >nl<*f iti O\fonl,
Hci tluMHw*. WHtt to London, whon* h<* WHH a
v IjifonMiH opponent of prohwt an t <pinioiH, l <1 (>r
wniw tiuu* hi k WHH c.hnpiaiu of Sir John Port
fq f v, | On (lit* declaration of royal ;*upnMuac*y
in \TM h* wont abroad, but took advantage
of tho cat hoi id riMU'iiun to return in IAIH,
whtui hoHUpplirutod for the decree of J!D, n,t
Oxford* On thiutco.iHHiouof Mil ward VI ho in
Raid to have recanted on II), June 154? in the
church of St. Mary UnderMhaft, tout noon left
Ku^land ((rAHQUHr and HIHUOP, AVwvf/v/ /7
and tht 1 /// o/" ^ 'ttmnwn /Vc///<"r p* oil), I It*
re.tunied iti I55!i t wluw he WHH made prior of
tUo Ootuinicau IUIUHC of Kt, Bartholomew in
Stnithfield, the fiwt of Ma,ry*n reH^iinw itnta**
MLshmcntH. On H Feh, 1558 he preached at
8t, rnnfH CJroMH, and died in the name year,
Imintflwruid in St, Ikrtholowew'non 2$ Atij(*
(STttYiw tM. Mem, t UL II 1 10),
Peryn wu author of: L *Tlim(lodIyo , * *
SwmonH of the Hacrament of tins Aultw/
London [1 545 p|, Hvo (Hrit. MUH.) Dibclin
dcspribes" an wlitwm dated 154(1, a copy of
'
which belon^d to f I'wberL
anothw edition of 15(8, tt iw dtMlinatiul
to Edmund "Ronner], htnliop of London,
2. i Spiritual 1i*)xrcywfumd Uoowtly Mmlita-
B f and a nearo waye to conm to fwrfwitnw
and lyfe cotxtcmplat.yvt4/ Ixndon, 1557, Kvo
(Brit, Mns,); another edit., Cami, Bm. Hvo,
Miasa/ which 'does not setnia to be
[Wood's Athone Oacon. i, 248, Kiwti, i. 110 ;
Foster's Alumm, 11500-1714; Stryp^K Krcsl
Memv m.i. 471 501, ii, 2, 110; T)(Ul*M01utr'h
Bwt i 028 j Tanned BibL Bsir^-IIib. p % .008 ;
Qn.'tif'H Horiptt. Ord, Prunl'ient od, Hchard, ii.
1<57 // ; HimUir'H Hihl. (IcHnoriana ; Pitn, p, .571 ;
Atni'H'HTypo^i 1 , Autiq., <l. Dihtliu, iv, 2HO ; lla 1 /,'-
litt'w ColhvtiotiH* Iltvl Her, Stippl, p. HO; Stcw'n
AniuilH, p. ( MK ; KOXO'H Actn and Won. vit. r) ( ,i8;
Uixon'H HiMt of the (llniroh of Ku^hmd, iii, H9 ;
Hii!Khy'M Uopton, p. 157; work.M in Brit., MUH,
M>r.| A, R l\
, PKSI3CALL cr PEOirKLL, HIH JOHN 1
(1V1.H r/"H) t barf.,, hi,Htorical writor, horn at
Ilawn, Won'eHt(rsltir(\ on :*7Jan, l71H,wiw
the, ehle.nt, ou of Sir ThotuMs Pe^hall ( KJiU-
IToO") of KcelcHhnll, StivHordMhiro by hw
wife Ann**, dun^'hter of Samuel Sandern of
OHitjeraley, WorceHterahins The fanuly of
I Vnha II WIIH of vory nnri(*nt orljifin, I hie of the
enrly Ibnun of the ntinw \VUH l*nsHel*we and
three ineniberH of the family who nourished
in the t'hirteentli cenlury are Hepfirately
not'u*iMl. SirJchn took holy ordorH, and in
1771 wit.M preferre*t to t,hr rVrtory of Hi oho
UU'M in Jltu'efortlshire, lie resided a f(rent
den! in Oxford, \vhetv tie died on 9 Nov.
I77H, lie WUM tour'uul at, Hnwn. t'ehnU
married, on 12 July 17M, Mary, daiu(l>ler
nn<l (Niheir of Jjnne,H Allen, virnr of Thax-
ted \i\ K"wex by wluun he left twite.
P*Hhall wrote* Tin* History of the Uni-
verwty of Oxford to the lhnth of William
tlie (\nupieror/ Oxford, 177-, Hvo, Thin i,s
a slight perfonnaiuM% though it attomptH to
tiiico the origin <f the university to drnidi-
cut tiitieH ? and dewr'tlms Alfred an nn*rely
i rt4Ve ( shing \\\\\ life <f the WHtitution 1 (p,
, liO), Tlui authoritioM on wluVh the toooh tH
lotttided are treated in the chapter on 'Tht
Mythical Origin t>f Oxford 1 in Mr. Parker'a
1 iWly History of Oxford ' (Oxl\ Hmt, Hoc.) f
1HH5, He, alno edited from tltti uuuuiscript;
in the, Bodleian, with tidditiotiH of bin own,
Anthony a Wood'* * Ant lent and Pro
tttatn oftlw (Jity of Oxford/ 177,% 4 to,
|Wotton'H llaroniitagd, i, 122; Oont,
177H, ii, 104; |di^r of family unumg Anh-
mol MSH. In Hodluiaa Library; Dutu*inub f B
iw, ii, 164; Brit, MUH. Tat,] T, H,
THOMAiM
at QwHmw' ('olhsge,
graduated B,A* iu
'1(105 and M.A, in HIOI), n*s became vicar of
, fj<ik*6HteriHhirt, in 1(11. *l and a
third earl of KRMX [tj, v, ] I lit ^ainod a rtjputi^
tton as ft pwachor," imd publbhtul a Bormcm?
'Th<Goodp<mHCumc,' in 1 616, with a dedica-
tion to Sir Phili") BUnliO{K of Hhulford, Not-
tinghamHluro, r "Vo other HwmonR, ontithid
*Tlw (5ar[]ls CMamitb* (1015) and TJm
Poor Man'ft AppaaU* (1023), were licwnHtd
for th prefij and a fourth, * Ood's
Pestdl 46 Peter
tiou/ preached at UMtw,Htor t uppiawl m WW. J'OTHIt </, !<Ki, In JMJV nf Ue'hMd"*
He was anon af(,<rwrd appoint^! n nvvnl \vnn ctmpUm >f Wiilww I, nl i'tsf*dwn of
chaplain, and pronclnul bd'mv thn Un^. In th #** of t.wooln m I0'r |f Vm,'i. ,1/w/j/,,
16-10 ho twaeluKl hoforo thtmwwilul York, (/r , TV </;// i, |U;\ K,fh SUM Hr u>*
In 1(U4 no rwigwttllwtlivuifj at I'lickin^m I'nnMrniti*.! lv Lfttifr.ui*' uf <l.utoi^tr, nm*
to Ilia son Thomas, and, during the ts'trly \>M\ in lo;';', In Iu M S, n r rt ^n.nl \ } ^\\ \^
days of tho civil warn, wmiplnwod thai In- Lnnihim* in iwltt, lf/ivn \\ n ^ |is' n i |;>V
was five tmuR robbed n< I plumh'WHl <f" hm th^ nM\nt ut' tvrUw lnhMpn^ IM , m
goods and ctitt-K In 1(150 lio wminlwtnl pnjitil*ni,i |i!ui*r'i IM JM^'prihitii'i- vuilt ilun
two poems to * Lachrynim Muwirum*<m tlu* lt'rri'' t*tT tvnn\n! \\M- >w 4* !>nhiit4l
death of Hmiry, lord 11 anting and in I CM tot'lu-stfr, Tin-ro Im mn*!^ ihr t'ljnsvh >rst,
commendatory varHo to BmUow*^ *Tlu*<>- .Jhn^hi'u'ulh'Mipirhatvh,tH'.ft!uiinf: mlww
phlla,' In KJW) ho collod-od HOUIO Hnrrinl ntul nitinM'i* i'^r U!MI<' in;H!if<*ji;ur* lie pt 1 *^
yor&e and soruumH pn*w*luui M\m* liu war , xMM, llm n< nn-i ^tM,ii'i itt I '!**".! c.r nly
in 'Sermons and povolionn, Old and X<w % ' \\u\ll I luij,buf ?imw .,f (j t . run'titrit-* ittfut/u*
rovewed and publinlit , . . wil.ha Uiwotirw rnt*nl Uy Pi'ti'r rin:url ftim* mi\l'v*'l\
of Duels/ dodioatevl to ThomiiM, viMnmnt, %vh-n ttlc innd^ru *,*' MiThrMrr w;j, Trnh^l!
Beaumont, and Holmrl;, * heir to Mr, Ui<*h, In InVr* INni-r v\n;, ^ni fy J.nnfVjuir to nv,i'-ri
Sutton of TOIIKIUJ in LoidCNforwhirp, 1 H<^ th*' uivlilu'dtMtMif 1 \nyk in v>'vinn nm*HTn
doubtlnss diod very floon aftirwur<k j tiuu * ( ,fm/*Vv,r H* r Vov^i, i rS' !^IJ 4 * S*r )
AconoctionofnnprintodjHHHnHhy IVxtoll ' In I(K !, iimi, nl ww?i Imnra\H ChiMMp
or Ma father WUH Nmfc by a <ltwtnidant to j lMmKtln'tly bi.hnHHi'th^rnrhrr t'tinttiUttmi
Nichols, who prmtrul many of tlmm ii\ hw \ wlm \vn^ lnnnni flj^r^,
'History of Utotertliins. 1 Nirli.ilrtjj tsx- | t , lnMJt MtmiWf( <}p \ lMO , f%!(ll)| 5 tjr > f , <M , u
cwpts moludn an oh^ry on h-am-in Htnuh S, r ); ,\ m> , Mt-nnM i, IN.i U,,!h s,,,* j' \v Iml
monk Uwvolmnooi vctwunitKlml ' Scin- - MI'M An;*lm S.TU, i 4, M .a, II. *, 1*17, hr VnH
tillalro Sacra)/ of whit,h two copid H^Munojig ; Ki^ii , <!.-j'vaw tit'r 4 iti^}tiMV AI-IUN Vii' it'
theHarlttian MSB, (Non, (JfytUnd fH)*), in j nj Mnm,v uf \V*,ivri^r in 'iMiit-S Mm.-
attributed to Tefltell, but, noinn part at lont * mM*in, H.IWIH, VVj|ii rt i ,f M,itmi*nbrv, iin
is probably by hia son Thtmuw, ^H, JfOH ft; Hu^lHjNt fVlv*"!ir.tn ( ^u M ivj. Stniitis'd
'
,
He married a daug'ht^r of Mr, Ktil.tiwtno J{rM h S.^r. Ai^l, p, ;'; Fr ,,
Oarr. His nldorson/FnoMAH I'HHTMhi^KiUJ * v< 4t " N *1 I A, M. M,
1701) graduated B A ; In 10,12 ami M, A in PRTKR or MM* | // t 1 iutH, i^M^m
1636 from QueetiR 0()lle^ (lanitmdg^ oniaih nmi nttiW, U'N hum n! IM-.i. m^
rather than his father H^mj to luivt' written Imbly nbotit 11:^, 11 i, piuvtiM, tt h,)w*^
a Latm comc% ontith^ \(uwp4lw/ whir.h d,nul M'orMI7<), !Mlin^'/l to itol.tr fnmitt^
was acted at; Oamlmclge m 1(5K It WH i of linn any, nu.I hi/fHilmf, ihimirh imi,
' wc ' wWh wonlthy, Hijo.d hrHinnmhl, l.Itimi
HA , w, - ..,. iu wn ,ro,.r .
1640 by the Weto^r awymiWy ? h wn , liam ( whn WHH nufhur of ^ fmn,,li^nd
ArfwLT^f W 1 - 1 T l W ! l r ?iJ^P^^ a fur n Urn, ulilMit ,,f Maii,m
f u , I g , HoBpital, UicHl w, I lo (Maniiwi ) m< htUbrm <#. iHt,*^ i - to t h.>! hr'rt
contributed verses to Lachrymnj MuHiiruin ' Brm on. of hi .|t I. H ( Nc , i-| L i ci i, d
1650 m me "
(1650) m memory o enry, ]onUk ( stin K H, II. hnd
ti
dtt^rBvT'l^^ tiana(/A,:tt) l Hnatlmt!, W m.rfh,r^
aduated B.A.m 1634 and MA. m Km < aW>nt of St, laiutmr rtt UlitU (/A !1 Lt>i
6KorS fl ^toJ^f lW T "^"J w Hm f prior U ^ J utrhm; td
d l js ^5^*5 s m :;:i ix^aas lfr irJs
2Sa ti ?n e ^"t^icg 8 ;^ SKiMff f ; f f ;; - s - " : >!
Eestoration J 1661 ^jwny on ms iu Wm8tlfl 101 lw* dwrnbiH hid own
Peter
47
Peter
1100 ho wont to ntndv jurisprudent-** nf, ;
Bolotvnn, nn<l Honm* to navo leotmvd thorn
oti civil law ( A>, H), From Bologna in I HH \
he proceedod to Rome to pay hU court to
Poim Alexander 111; on IUH way ho wan tukon i
prisonw ami ill-treated by thn followers of;
the autipopo Victor IV, but " apod by;
being' lot. down tho wall in n banket, without ,
having 'bowod bin Knee in Baal' (//;>, IN). ;
On hitf ro.turn to Krawo be bnpm to ntudy \
thoology at, Paris, whoro ho know Od do -
Suiily/thn fnturo bishop of Pari-s^awl HUH- j
ported himself by tnuohing (of, /^/?, 'J* *tl> j
fii, 101, I:M). , I
In 1 Hi7 Potor wont to HioUy withju 1
niuulior of olbor Krouoii wholnrM in ItuMruin '
of Si opium dn IN'ivlus who luulbniMJ nhctoil
arehluHhop of Palermo nntl invitod to u"ju.t
in tho- ^'ovornmmit during tin* mitiorit) of.
William II. llo VH aypoinh'tl tutor to
man Wai tor, aftor \vnrd.s urohhiNhu of Pn-
Inruio [ <(. v, If and lu i ld t hU pn;
H(*\vaH filbo Hi^'ttbinuH or Kco
at^al, and, mu'ordinf*" to bin
tb<i rtdo, of tlm kin^lom (I*',
aft;isr tho |nonu ami StnphiMV du Pnrolir, II in
position oxoitndnuioh rivalry, ami hi ,-A*nonun t
uid( v avourt,d to rfinovo him front court by
hiiviuLT him nomiuuttMl, fiwt to tin* ur'h*
i-'ftvH from 1 170 IVfor may, pmrluijvs, havo
h<Mn with <tratiau nud \'tvinu in ItUU),
lor n yrnn
r thi* roal
j tlu WM id' UoxHuuu in < 'ithibnu ; t>nt
Po,tiu' roi'uHod all thoir uflrr.n ( A)*//, Vi! t Utl ;
the nianuHcriptH nitd * KoilVn, 1 hut i 1 !'* //M.
Z///, xv, 'J71). Pott-r miio an t v fn ( nd;4
in Su'.ily, including 1 ihr tamoun lii-aoriun-i
lloiutiald of Maloruo and Ihijyfu KnloHudurf,
and Iho Knj^lUlinuMi Walter mul Uu'hnrd
Fidnu,r (d, \ 1U5) [<j, v j ; to tm* 1 oi' \\\*> InlttM*
In upjwah'd iigainnt I ho, intend*'*! injuNiioo to
tliti HUCI oi' (5irg'tnti, But ilu* ohnnu inr ln>f li
of tliHCountry and itn ponph* wa di.MtM'-
ful to him, and hi* iilwn,y,H rcftTN to bin
Bicilian caroer with abhorr< k n*<% and rtduwnl
an invifcutioti from Itiobnrd of SymcuHtt to
return (Mpp, 10, 40, (UJ, in f |i;i t I lV), At t.h.i
time of the full of ^tophrn du IVtvhi' hi
HOi), I'Vtor WHH lying 1 ill, and wan out runt ^d
to the cam of liomuald of Sulnmo, Ou liw
recovery hbog"gHl t,h kiug*H hnivo to thtpaH.,
AVIllinm rolmrtantly gnintod lutu j)nWMi(n t
and, ae 1**t<*r did not like th idoa of ridinK
through Hicily and Clalabrla, obtained him a
passage on a'GmuwHM VOAHU!. At O^uoa lw
was well rcinvd by tht* ittapfnatw who bad
known him in Sicily (2fyj, IK)). Tl\nc ho
- proceeded to tlio papal ;ourt> and from tliarw
travelled as far as Bologna in tho company
oltke papal legates who "ware going to Knir-
knd fe), ^ ; c Mt /or iJi^nj </ T,
Mecket, vii, 314-10, but though the letter
PrliT prolwlilv rnturmnl t> I'Vnnoo Homo
time hi 1 170 unit ivHuumd teaching ut PnriK.
U<* wan, howovnr, in ^r<nt wt rails for monnyi
but \VUH ndiovnd by thn tinudy assistaiio.i^ of
Ui^inahl l^it/Joonlin 'q. v, |, t hon urt*luionot)iiL
of Sali.tbury and iiftor\vnvd bishop ot* Batli,
whoMn IVJHidrthip hi* bad pcrhnpn inmlo at
K|>i:*tln ^."U) in which In* applins for u pnduuid
nt Stdunbury? tuay Iwloufjf to this timo, and
P ( tpr nmy havo now rncoi\ol th pr^brnd
wiitoh ho nftcrwnrdn hdd in (bat- chuivlu
Ili-i frii'udMhtp for lu'|, ( ,'inuld brought, him
into ill-rotmlo with thn Hiipporfow of TltiUuiiH
<vf Cnntmiury, bnt. Peter \varmlv loiVmlt>d
bin frinuil from tlin chur^'oM whioh worn
bt'niijj'bt u^ahwt him, A lit! In Inter ho re-
iM'ivnd nn invitation from William, ar(*h
hi'ihop of St*tH, (tllnrin^ hnu a pout in fun
rmrt and a pivlowl at (lhartros; Peter
ulh^os tbut- lie wux ouMtoti from thin pout by
tute Mustv (Jorurd prnhnhty (Inranl La.
I'ui'nlN* and that in Inn hopo for if ho hud
refuiunl mntiy ndvantn^oouH ntter-'i In reply-
\n$ about the anme limr to a hiniilnr oiler
from Pierre ,Miuet t htshnp <jf IVM'ij.'or*!* bn
(hut ho hud Iseen waiting to HOI* if a
promise would pnvo ilhinory (ff>. ti-l|
JU, 7'J l* s ). No! long nftorwurdu lui on-
torml ih* HorvitM* of Hotrou, uwhhinhnp of
liounu (rt, Jl!l t U7), an Ho^rotarv, In 1173
ISH wiis ut Paviw with Itotrou and Arnulf
of IAMUMU OH a. uusnion for flnnry U (//>
7l y loli) ; bo had perhujw already ntiferod
tho rtnrvMM* of tho l^in^ wbo> hosnys, iirnt. in**
trodut'ett h'tut" L"ttJiUid dh* 17 1 iJH ^n
p'-rbupH in I17 r > wtulo IS
\\'hon Uitmard (//, IlH-1) |tj* v, | bocwnoarrln
binhopiifdantcrimry, Potoi^ upjmrc'ni ly with-
out f'inwwtin#iinlir**ly hm coiutMction with
1 th4 fa}nt t*,<nirt, lnotutm nlttttrhrd to him a
1 eamvilftriuH or H<u:rtiary (//?* f t <!, {K; HOO
Anciwit C/wrttrx, p 72). ' In f 177 Uirluird
HO rut I*otwr uud Ui*rtird la Pncndlo aK bin
' proctow to thn Hoiniin <uuH in tlio, uiu1,trr
j of hm diHjmto with tho ubb^y of St, Aligns
; titK^H, ('autorbnry. Fotor mid Uonird worn
at. th0 lloman eourti on *l April 1 17H, Th*ir
! lutHHion wan unHUfw*Hful} but I^itw rttiwinwl
j at RoiB till July in tho vmn (wdwiywtr to
' arrange the iffaic favourably (C/<raw, *V/, /4-
yi^rn^^l -Si, Koitottor,; Tlioiw, np* ^w>-
fom />CWH lBai-(J; cf, ^p. H, lf>B)* Tn
117ft John of SnltHbury bcmm^ bishop of
Cimrtre, and Fetor, wuo wa now a mnmi
of that church, add*wwi neveral lettww to
him during th next few yoar, In ouc, Pstr
Peter -I* IVU-r
John, but nftiTwurdu onutphiut^d thut Uh^rt AV ; ';<?"</; m ! f'l i!i,l tr*n* Mo* INH hv*ty
had rotrivt'd flu* provo*ishi|i \\hu*h i* h,d \u $ ^\"^^ in f ! > |" '^NMJI'I thi* tliird rrnnjul^
liop(d to ohtuiu lor itim**rlt' | /"//>. 7*^ III, j> vh;i]*'. r*ri,,,iti *f^
1HO), Another of hin frioudM n^nin-.t \\h^n !?; luth *'i' iti-nr\ II m 1 1 K tl^prb'rd
ho found owision to coutplniu utvx Hr4i^jt iVfi-r .^t' h;-* ui-snt j.n*<Ti'ol tYirtnl; in tim
K^f(inalduf HtUhj wInMuid NU'-'fi^ndrd r*!-r f4lnvi?n,; \m\v \r>'HI*v.h 'p F4lUv$ii \v*nt *>it
viciHirdulmcnn, cnntrnn to tlu* pmdni"> th" rruu !*% M ; f*! iVfrr .;u'i h- wnyld hv^
whittli IVtcr had ohtuiui'd frotn tho loitnan l'M Ku/lm-l ir.ul tt < t b--jt t' ir th<* '*uj|'vt
court. at tho bsUrant'mmril in 1 17U \ /A, VM. h* i i *,''Hni t'l-nn !;r hr)n*j nt 1 tiurluttu tmd
Tn the autumn of IlHt h* WIH H*UI l) lli* \\ i^v'^ri' i /}* l;'*i, In I t* j ii, tf nt Iwlim*,
to t
Lincoln ( K/, 75), On
ho waa at ('-anti^rbury wht^n Wntrrnu ot' huM'!bv titt*! b',r<it', tnr Jifl HKHHI**! ttm
H\von tValty to (Jbriwt t'hun-li ) nh^i'ill' >f"
Iu I IH4 Baldwin honntno ftTt*htuHluv|>. itttd : . fur Inn "dint'** ii^ittir-f *ou(j;i'bM|n Sl ^ ( **l"b'f
flovrtral lottera written in bin naio tv IVlrr ! 1 ll*1 i j " HI", M'.I ^ \ |to ,t iituii^duiicly itt't^r*
in thtniwct ft\v yoara aro t"\tant {/;)/, i*** f i wnrdfi h \\ri\i t i|n*^'ti 1','lriin^r in Nut**
9B, 99), I'Nitcnit' (irnt at*.Uu\ vt^nnitudy itid*"* i siitiii*U A SUM! *IUVMI^ ttu* n*'\t lV\v yrriff* tu'!!
fenftttoCliho arc.UbiHlun^H prup<w* v d rluuvli nt j n^ h**v mvtviNt'v u'^, 1 II *h, H"Kndbl I fc+ iir^
llaking'Um. (Uu*vat% luontmiun^ iVtrf'n i JMM'tin difd in i'
?w,8encB at the **imtW(mco at CanfiThnry <*u i '^rlwjnUrrn nt lit
1 Ft i b, 11K7, dtw.ribt'H him iw thu * nhium*- j 'fur li ( \v mmit
less urtjllcw of ahuoHt all thin mirtrhtH? s turdy, <ti^ri\*t nf' Im nn'hiti^f'tinry (/A, M^
Koon aftorwardn Puiw wan d^H|iatrh<ni by j :Mti| t tUit.n4'Mu^'Mmj*!jtUiM l lM*fiijiuuuMi f
Baldwin to tlw lit >mun court ; bnthoHt*jjl j poHmjv* in U'^Mh*- nvUi','u'*nry uf !,indu
on the way to obtain mvtjmrt' frtnu imtiortant i'nttn HiriuuM Fif /n*uU* j , \ . 'J *.' IMT wit U
peraona hi Frunw, and ud not. nnieh Vtrtmtt th*jri'lMmtUnii*vttt, Atfcr IhtWrt \VnlttT
xintil .Time ((hJiiVAHM, i, Ji54, 8511), lMr mul Wtm HivUtu-tho(, 1 Vtm io m \ f*r tiuio to
Ins collea^uw William, |mwntur of Wtlln, havo r*m'il fm n^Uin tu HiMn'tnry iU.
wero unable to ^fiuU^ any thing iiguitwt tho (VntiThury (iVi, l:*;\ IH.'ii, tvt**r*ii i*'t'ti't
inveterate hoHtility of l*opu Urban, but rv during hin 1"4 y^rn ni'' fntl f I'Mitijiiniiifs
mained atthtt court till tlw popo inft \ f i*ona of hi* |Mvi*rt v nn'l '*u^**"t tnn^tluvi hi^ moritu
in September (f/;. i, IJttB-tt; /tf;^ Cttnt,7^ bad IMU tmjutly -4ti.(binL Murh to bin
81), Peter rode with th< popi,} on hin wny difiwl\ Itirbu'd 'Kitr.m'ttlt* bml mitd<* him
to Fwrrarn, and imyortumwlhvm mi behalf df tnko pnwfnwtt^ 1 1/1, l*JH, UHM, Thi hunl<m
Baldwin. Urban, m wrath t rtviAunl^ May 1 of HIM iitvhdwmiry WHH t'n ^rt*ut foi* him,
n;vor mount howo ajjaiu if I c:o not abort ly and it WHH no pwr ttmt, iik u <lrRn r
dismount mm iromhiB arclibwhopricT Tbiit \w mtwt Hv** *n wind; find in l*.!0l wi ItfMl
very night Urban was taken ill at Butoro or him inwHiliug to Iniiui*'t HI to tmwwo
Jutoro, and on 20 Oct. died at Fwram(A>. h! nwiuuw, and t r*tiiv* him from thi
216V Peter reported the nowe to Haldwm ttmuwnuw ctfiwc! bv th pn*f*'nhi>iw ^f tho
wthindeaentftatwtaction.ftndanmiunmlthn pmvutor t/* t 151, iflL tfI7, *^U ; of, IUi,vu
accession of Ut^ory VIII (%, (.V^, 1(17), n Du^m*, i, iwC , U\xi t Ilnlln H*M Hin
lleremamejUt the court for Rom^tiraftlongfir Mknv ntnonn nt .Sttlinhurv unnfwmnhlv P*-
m Baldwin s interest, and m all wpmit olght (|uir*Hl him t< mitlis thmigh hih jin*l^iuf ww
ontUfltonopurpofte,excepttoinourah<*avy wpcmr tlwt it wwifcf <ti jmv hi i*xiMinwH
burden of debt, A few years later hp.pl wind (% i,M). TlMU'imfmn tf WoUwimiuptcm
to Frwr Csreoihoy of Canterbury tliat \wlml wftrn tinruiy, find, thotirfh miiwortml bv tJw
^ 1 I lmde ^^ tl ^smewaU V m(C mi \ ^hbirfwui, 1i mtuM not umk
of Henry II /%,. 39,238). Howver f he tlw nmawary wformn; in i-oiwuiuwie** hn
was Fesent m the archbishop's service whim mni ff nd hi dmin^ry t Hulwit, WftUT,
uenv came to th king who prepwd to introdtif*v(Jiiifm'eian monkn
: et
mny !mv wen an
of the lat * w 12W * ** "tt^rt'H Aoath tlw kia|
f jOTU ^ ftm appoints! a nw duan n 5 Aug, i:i(}5 i/; + f.
i^ atthe ^ Tlw rnntu of a nmhnnd whidi Wnr
(cf. % 224, which reports the bad at Roimn had \mm wrongftiilv witlihrid
Peter 49
from "him for five years in 1 107 (ftp. 141).
Old ago and the loss of fnends and position
made renidonco in England, where he hoard
a tongue thai, ho knew not/ increasingly dis-
tasteful, and in one of his latest letters ho
begs Odo, bishop of TariH, to ^'rant him some
'
benefice, that it' ho could not, live in his
native land, at leant he might bo buried
there ( ib. K>0 ). The last eortain ro.fcroneo to
IVtor is in a eharler which cannot bo dated
earlier than March 1^04, where he us styled
archdeacon of London (Aeutlnwf, ~U Jan.
18M, p. JW), Uut lie may bo the Peter ot"
Bloi.s who hold a eanonry at. Ripon, a piece
of preferment which lie might have obtained
through his friendship xvith Ualph Ila^et,
abbot of .Fountains (of, E}>p, ^1, 105).
The Ripen tradition favours tho idoutiliea**
tion (of.' KMNH, .HixtorittnH of lh& (Vm/W/, <{/
.lor/;, ii. 4HO). Peter, the canon of Ripon,
was alive an late, aw liJOrt, when he, had his
goods seized during' the Interdiet (CnL (How,
Moll*, i. l<)8). <)u iiO May PJli2 an order
waa given that the executors of Peter of
]MoiH,soi'netimearehdeaoon of London, should
have free, disposal of Ins goods (ib. i. 1 17 />);
but there w no ovidexico how lon^ l*ot.or
liad then been (load, A jewelled niorwe { i.e.
the chw) of a cope) and chawublo that had
once belonged to 1'Nitor wcrt^ fortnerly pr<^-
pc.rvod in tlui treaRury at. Ht, Paid'n (Si M PHON,
AV, ./V/w.f* mil Old (% X?^, pp. 3~J$).
l > et(u > ' ( s hitters reveal him an a man full of
litx^rary vanity, ambitioiiH for worldly ad-
vancement, and discontented with hi prefer-
ments, which he thought utie(|ual t,o hlw
mtirits, Probably hw characlx^r r(hdor(d him
\mfit for a high powiliion, though IUH ,un-
doubtdd, if superficial, abtl ity made him uHoful
in the h umbler cai>aoity of a iocrotary . 1 jcttc^r-
writing came tuwily to him, and liu boaHttnl
that ht3 could dictate to thret^ Bcrib**H at once
while ho wroto a fourth letter in hia own
hand, a feat with which no one el,He but
Julius Oousar wftfl credited (Mp* 02), HIM
learning was, however, vari(l and unqne.n-
tioaccl; ho had some knowledge of medi-
cine (ib. 43), was an authority on both the
canon and civil law (ib, 19, i6, 111), &\/2)y
and quotes with apparent knowledge the
Latin claaRics, especially Virgil, Ovid, Senoca,
and Juvenal, the Roman InHtorianB ,Livy
and Suetonius, as well as later writers like
Valerius Maxiinns and Trogua Pompetua,
Ilia chief interest was in history, whether
ancient or modern, and lie COWCHHOH that
theology was a later study, though he shows
aomo acquaintance with' the Latin fathers.
Jim writinffs,and especially his lettors, display
considerable literary merit, though rhetorical
and overburdened with constant quotations.
VOL. 3XV,
Peter
Thw last, feature exposed him to adverse
criticism in his lifetime; but Peter defended
his method of composition, which placed him
Mike a dwarf on tho shoulders of giants'
(Ep, Oli), and b<w(4ed that; he had plucked
tho choicest tlowers of authors "whether an-
cient or modern (_/> Anunfia (ttrixtmtift,
ill 1,'JO).
I, Kius/rotWK Peter's letters are tho most
interesting of hiw works, and, from the his-
torical point of view, tho most important I le
profeHsoM t.hat they worn not written with a
view to publication, and, in excusing their
{ native rudeness/ pleads that us spontaneous
productions they will possess a merit which
does not belong to more laboured compusi-
tioiiN ( /v)). I ). The letters tliomHolveK suggest
a,diilerent. conclusion, an<lsom( k wore probably
revised at; thotimoofcoUoe.tmn (S'ruuuH, />c
Others no doubt wens writ ten with elaborate
care in the first, place, The collodion of his
lottorw. was originally undertaken at. the ro-
quewt of H<mry II (A);, 1), The collected
letters may not have been lirnt pubfiKhetl till
some ye.ara lattn*, but, liter's intent, ion wn
known at least as early as 1 MM) (/ft* ill! ). In
a third letter h^ alhules to tho diiUeulty of
netting hia letl^ra correct ly c.opied (M, lH r ),
There was not innprobably more i.han inn*
exlition in Peter'n own lifelimc* A copy of
Peter's lettern w?i9 among tho books which
his patron, Hugh ch Pumot |<ly.], left to
Durham Priory on his death In March 1 H>> r
(Wlttx and JnwHfurit'x, Surtc( k H Koc. i, 4).
({ousHainville's edition contains IH.'i let-tern;
the (wrlie,r (ulitions gavt^ twent.y more, whicJi
(3ouHsainvillj omititnl UH watiting in au-
tbority. In (Ules'H edition theHo l-wenlv
letters arc restored, and othet'H added, which
j)rofosBodly bring thii total number up to ^45
(tluvre iw an error in the numbering). But
of tho lottorH ptibliKluwl by (-{oussniuville, HJii
and U^5JHi$aro prol)ably not by Peter (//// A
iv.JiHH. JJJH)). Of those added
^
$\ 4- (J. ami 24H are thunx)Ht]>ro)>ably genuine;
while i Hi), a(X)a, M H, ii 1 1 , y i H, $&> , i&o,
yiJljand iiUli have obviously no coniuu'.tloii
with Poterj and many of th(^ otherB are vitry
doubtful. Kpistle 247 is a repetition ol'UM,
and 24-9 a coutiuuatumof 15. T<J tho hittern
in tho collected editions muHt be added the
letter written by Petor and William of
Welln from tho papal court in October 1 187,
which IB printed in ' Kpiwtolw CantuarionHOH '
(pp. 107-8), Tlu^manuHcriptHof PeLoj^H letters
are vory wumorouK ; Hardy {J)twnpt* Cut,
Mrltwh l/w/ory, ii. 55*1-8) givos^ a lint of
over a hundred, A definitive edition of the
huH yet to appear, A full account
Pctor
.>>"" ' "" , '
of thoir cxmtowtH an prinunl ( hy i ! ou ' 1 '; lh " ', ;
villo in tfiviM iu thti UiHtmrr UH'WW j
(xv! 9
u.
IVirr
tiva
p. Ix:
..HI dooH uot
w oi! short, \H*\\** m v.m.n '
to which 1m n>t*H hmiw'H ii
to bo
,
cum* 'On lowwolytmtniw I
Mh/rwwUKHH Kortmm',' M
Fidm/ '(Joutro IVvlidmm Judawuw, *I
iouH <t IVwtmUw, 1 utul 'I'nmm K
lis: Tho following oxlnnl trviU w i
biHl to Ww ; I , ' I >* Wil.-nUo wn'viw.l
a fvrtffmout. (Oti.KH, ii, pp. in-iv), '
'
,i tj,,. * H<""tMiWu I'rtfrut
t>, lil.it. r.), U.-N'<I lUtf thi* nrt'iv-
i.tii. un i '.'htn\ thut i i'^by IMpr
1!
ith
in
(ib. pp.* iv-xjci); writttw in ,,,.,
otilL third crunmUs & * inntwho I'uln
Oatholicm ah Atoxaudro III ml NiMuiww
Icouii' (M, pp. xxi-xx.\ii), Thin IH ujl a
work of Pot or of Blow; it IH prwrvnl by
MaWhow Parin (ii. SJOO-liO), uv*l in by lum
assigned to 1 1 ttO, It; hnn bium wrongly oitn-
fixated with the * DC Awtrlmn Kidoi/ tt whu'h
Petor, writing 1 tibouti 11UH T rtU^w IVH
meum novelluni;' tilw * Do AHH;U' '
to hti lost (cf. 0/^*m, ii ,
' " ;v,'K^i^ t 4, 4 l)ot*<
\M i^'i *f t "Imf itiitn in
i^* hi' n \\ t'iflt'n iu
,.-r?n ! I* in'irum 1 1 i*t
j;', th-iuvh ii
luauuM'VUjlM
i tvi, M.
i
/;i//.ny. ( u,
ttml it i. n.* b> IMrf, iwd
lv \vntiru at tb' 1 '^t **' tl!<t
'rt-ninrv, IV. 'Trm-tutu-. (^
r, Imt by \Nijlmm d*
mt' t //^ titttnnrt, xv,
feflsiotie SacrameataU f ((huw, U, ip ; xxxti-
liii. 6, 'Do I*ajnitntia,
, .
m*/ Thintritrt, wbit-h t-* j*i*vi*ml tinn'H
IxxxvL), %w writtim ht pnii^i* Ml**ury II j
tances, who was binhop ofWorcoHtur froirt uwil IM ju'h*iiirt Uin * Uilnn" IH suui , M ^ ,
1196 to 1198, and may therefore bo aH- of whurh ho prrtki^ in N lMl vy"*. ( ! ^ /
signed to 1197. 7, < Inwjty in l^\mv^ ; y : 4> It him u^mliimai'iv }Hnn Hhm , m|^
torernOperum Blosenftw 1 (ib. U.pp. Ixxxv c). Outhu (/>* *SVryi/. /wrA IL UUi thoti (Ji . m
This treatise wae written, apmrwitly about; i had WHU a ^>i*y. I ho irn;t*n pmnui y
1198, in reply to strietureB which had hwm ! OtrnKwimviih* piniw In w* rjmUy im ;MIW r,
passed on his * CompftiuUum upw Job*', from tl^ * I*ttlimtjt|UM *> iJM hu oi ^ajjHDjuv.
8, ' De Arte Dietancli.* Gri'les only giw tlm si 1. f Vitii WiH'riw. Linmi ^( ( ^/*. m. MM;
prefatory epistle, since the tract M tnorwly ay that hn wiw it ^tI^Vf thw ^*l r . *j l
an abridgment of a work of St. Bernard,
9. f DeTransfiguratione Domini* (GitKS, iil
1-13) ; addressed to Fmmold, bishop of
Arras before 1183 (JHifo!, Lilt. w. 402],
1f ^ "De nrtTitrmraiAnBi R. Pfl.tili ' ^ftTT-Hm. iiL
of
at
Kipon
pon .
ii, 480); an extract iww?rv**a by wnlttnd if
"*** A.*i,mint AI.
iwcribwl to Poter
10. *De Conversions 8, Pauli* (GiLBS, ui. 183)* (Khor twatiHM u^crimHi 10 i m,pr
13-19), These last two treatises are included ' mwoly copies of iolaUij Mtw t ft.^.
"by Merlin in Peter's sermons, to which claw j * D PovLouto PrwlatorumMH H>wtl ICU,
ttifiv more naturally bcilonor. 11* 'Coin- tht* * I) HttuUo HiitHHiltt^ .Kiufttlw 14 ;
the
they more naturally btuonff* *,.. v>vin*~ w***,? *^v- >.u<*" '*n* .. -^
pendium super Job ' (ib. iil 19-62)? ako III, HHHMONH.^ Hity-flvu Hrmotw are
styled l Basiligerunticon, id eat tmlm ptintud m (iouwwutivill^H w}iUwi,ftH w tiu*
Henrici senioris Regis;' written at there- third volume of (liltw'ft Hlitimu iwurffain
quest of Henry II, after the two previou praiww tlttim f(sr tliiitr Rtrmght forward yifrour
pieces. 12. ' Contra Perfidiam Judeeorum* (La Oham Frfmqw**, p. 3). in Btis
(, iii. 62-129). 13, ^De Amicitia Chris- edition of 1600 eomo mon# of Petes
Peter 5
Comostor wore printed in error an by To tor
of Blois.
IV. POEMS. In one of his luttwa (,/fy>,7(>)
Poter mentions that in IUH youth he had
written tritlos and love HOU^H, and in Kpist.lo
13 re fora to tho VIN'HOH and playful picrtw be
had written at Twins, .But "in hm latter
yearn be ahaudono.d tbe.sii imvsuitH, and, in
reply to a roquost from 0.1) Annai, went him
a poom in his riper Htyle (,A'/>, 57). Tbus pomn
J )r. (iileH (iv, J1JJ7JH) hii,n printod, on the au-
thority of some manu.sc.i'iptH, UM two separate
poems: (1) * Oantilena do Luelu Ournus et
Spiril.ua ;' and ("J) ' Contra Olerierw voluptati
dtulitOH, fcdvo do vita, elerieorum in plurimis
roprohata.' Tho latter is given in a con-
temporary manuHeript (/>W/, MIS. Add,
A-J't) an four separate poom.s (ww Jfa(//in/i,
Jlitttorical l&vie.Wj v. JW<5, whero a collation
of thin matiuseript and of Hodl, Lali, Mine,
d, ia g'ivt^n)* Dr. (Ulon prints live ot.her
poems which arti astn'ibed to IN^tor. But the
MKi KucharUtia* in by l^erre h 1 *, INuuti'e, atul
the ' Do i^juitentia* in probably by John
U a Hand [q. v."| (HAtniKAU, No/tew' et Kt^
traitsj ii. i2\ t5/>). TU<^ others are two short
pieee.s, * Do (Jommendationo Viiii* aud
'Contra Oerovlsiam/ from (Cambridge Uni-
ver k sityM,K.(l^.(J,4^| and a longer incomplete
"Doem which occurs in tho maimseript oi tho
letters in Land. IMS, (>/>() after KpiHtlx^ 111
(Ep. 148 in (Ules'H edition). Uorel (7W,sw
four lines of .French vorflo profoBHing to be by
Peter of IUoi; they may be oithor by the
archd(^acon of Bath or by the namoflalctj to
whom lie addressed Kpiatloa 70 and 77 (/Zwt
Litttr aire, xv, 417),
Peter's epistles wore printed in a folio
volume published at Brussels about 1480,
though neither tho date nor place in given.
Jacques Merlin edited tho Epistles, Sormons,
' Comp<indium super Job/ ' Contra ,I*orfi-
diam Jndroorum, 7 'Do Confessionti/ and M)o
Amicitia Christiana,' Parin, ,1519, fol His
* (.)pera ' were edited by Jean BuH(je in 1 000,
Maintz, 4to; BuatSe atterwards publi,shod a
supplementary volume of ' l^aralipomena
Opusculorum/ Cologne, 1606 and 1624,
8vo, giving the tracta 'Contra .Perficliam
Judfjeorum,' 'Be Amicitia Christiana/ and
' Be Caritate Dei et Proximi,' Basse's
edition was reprinted in the * Bibliothcea
Patrum/ xii., Cologne, 1618. In 1667
Pierre de Goussainville edited the ' Opera
Omnia' at Paris, folio; this edition was
reproduced in the ' Bibliotheca .Patrum/
xxiv. 911-1365, Lyons, In 1848 J. A.
Giles published the complete works in
font volumes. Goussaiaville's and Giles's
editions form the joint basis of the edition
Peter
in Migiio'H ' Patrolof'-ia Latina,' vol. ccvii.
The ' Do Amicucoia (histiana' wan printed
[(Uolop;'nti? 1470 P |, -Ho, and tho 4 Mxpowitio . . .
wupor Job' [IfiOi*], .1to. Tho ' tJanou Kpi-
acopalis,' tog<alior\vith scvernl of tlio lotttirrt,
in priu tod, under tlw titlo 'Do Vi(.a, Moribiw,
K Vctissinut^ (108 1), pp. 18S~fir>9,
P(U t^r ofBlois was lon^ cnulit<Ml wtdli a con-
tiuualiou, to 1118, of tho spurious chrouiclo
of Ingulf [({, v, ] Aoconlin^ lo tho ])n;fatory
lot.lc.r, IVtur inidtu'iook i\\(\ work at the iv-
(ju(st of tiho abbot of Oroyland, nti whoso
i'tM}U(\st ho also wroto a * liio ' of 8(.. ( Juthlac.
Tho continuation of lug'ulf is a manifest I'or-
pory, and is not in IN^ir'H wt.yh^ ; it; is printed
hi iAilmanVj i (^uiiiquo Bcriptoros/ Which
tho first, volumo of (\K\ i Ucrum
arum Stu'iptort^s Vcttn-es/ Oxford,
f riio aBu'ipt;ion to Peter of a ' Vita
Outhlatji ' (HOO Anta SanH^rnn^ April, ii.
37) in pnjbahly otpmlly Falsn, Mpistlc W\
((hr*Rs, it, 18:2) protVrtSt^s to hi^ ad<U*iwMi>d
by Petor to thii abbot and monks of Oroy-
land.
"Tho main facts of Pot.ot'H lifo aro to ho found
oicy in hia own lot-lorH; hin <xa^ratml mmsout'
his own inxportancd tnakoH it wu*o,HHary t.o at'ccpt
his HtaUnnoutHwith oaul.iou ; hut i\w mdopendtmi
allusioiiH tohitn,Ho far aw thuy ^o, eorrohorato t;ho
gonoval truth of his own aocuutit withoxit giving
him a portion of murh promimweu HH ho claiiun
for hiiuHolf, Bonio of tlio dinicultioH raiHul by
tatinunfs nmulo in tho ItiHurw may ha duo to
tho fact that they wore probably jrovinod long
uftor the ditto of thoir original cmnpoKiHcnu
Tho Kov, W, (1, Sonrlo of Caruhrid^o, from a
careful study of Potor'B works, is Inclined to doubt
tho triiHlworthinrtHH of many of tho atatonu'wla
found in thorn; but tho ros\!lte of hia invtiga-
tions havonotyott boon pnbliHluxl, Contotnponiry
voforoneos to Peter of Bloin arc containod in Ot^r
vaso of Oantorbury'8 Opora, i, 300, 354, tt60,
366-9, and tho Kpin*oh Oantimrionww (Holln
Snr.Xand in tho (!*alondarof OloHo Holln, i, I OH h t
117^'; a cbartcr, in which Pctw appourw an u
witnoaa in conjunction with Archbishop Richard,
is f^ivon in Ancient Ohavtorn, p, 72 (^'po Roll
Soc.) Suo also Ilintoria 8, Auj^uRtiui Oantuarh
entiin, pp. 421-2; HatotialH for HiHtory of
Thomas Becket (Rolls HOP.); MemorialB of
Ripon, i. 10, 260, it. 253; un<l Mmnoriala of
Pountaitts, i, 138, 159-63 (Surtwm Boc.) Thero
i a very full account in tho Hiwt, Lifctomire do
Franco, xv, 3411-13. Boo alny Wright's Hiotfr.
Brit. Litt, Anglo-Konnan Period, pp. 360*79 ;
Stubbs's LoclurtiB on Moditwal and Modem
History ; ITaiirdau's Not.ieoe efc Ifixtraits, &c,,
i, 137, ii 29 ill 220, iv- 12r> v. 67-4, 213, 217;
Church's "Early Hiatorf of the Church of Wells ;
La Lumia'fi Bicilia >tto OnpfUlrao il Bnono,
pp. 110-U, 280 j CaraBo* Bibl, Hist. Bte, ii.
287; Bourgttin'n La Chuiro Kwtu^aisi* ou Douaiome
IVtrr
hvo ('ntnli'tfut* nf British
Tat,; trttitM* uutHwttU"* |Ui
POT.KR HntT'JUNU't'H, *li Hihn'nm *r !*>
'Isornift ( /A 1'JlM K junMMn?mIi , ^ a:- jirh^hU (
of Irish VirtlK Ho bec?tm< a MtUjrri of flu*
emperor Frederick II, \Um went bun in l-^f
to l^ach huv tuthf 1 nowly *Nfnhl{4if(i uiHtcf- ^
nty of Nnplen t Lilt, in," Kj. IK, of /Wn i/*- ^'p'?*
T/w'^ AX^/^v*d,l5th. IVtci'di'lhbfrnw p f ; 4 '"
taught. Thomas d* IHbornin.iv lonrnrtt I'Vnn- lr| | llir ;
ThouitiM A((itiuaM ,,.... ,. .....,.,.
physical arunicr, nt Nu|h* by Mti4<r IVti-r
dn Hibi k rnia (Arttt SV/wA*/*HW, Murrh 1, "
(JISO). lu stuuo uiauuHi'riptH nf th* rinjs
.l^rcdt'rit'.kV h'i.torappointiujLf Urn prfV ,-n
law atr Naples bin initial apptnvrH ivt H M
and bin nurntuuH HH <t* k Iw*nii. if ir* ,..,
babl that tlui jurisconsult, id idruticul with
a Mawtwr lector dt 1 Iscn^iu^ to vvhotn nmtthrr
lottorin Do VinciisV col Wl inn M nd-lrr <'!
(Lib. iii. Mp. 10), Tin* second loltrr n umf*-
rally (lIiiiLi<AU!> M !lut f iiioi.i.t!s l 7//.vA />/)?/
J^'dlcrlci NccttHtiif it, 4 I^)uscnh<'d to th*
of Frtulerick II, and duh'd, tiki* I ho S
Juno liJ'J-t, Kir.kiM* (HruutEU, AW/fKA/
;^rw F, No, IW) iw, bowcvi*rof tipmion tlmt
t.lm second Intt.er wan written by ( Vtitrud 1 V
in TJ5^, imtih writer spiMikH not of founding (
but ofriwlorin-y auuivi*rsity u( Nni)h*M, Tin* 1 '^'t'^triuiujii^il, Hi* ftvn\isl ntnMrrhn
witcr fltaloH tliat \w ban heard ^md n*tt>rtM ^ l J nMir.*nf I II huu'.rtt on ^Sujulnv,
oflVtor'Hcharator,amlriuuiniilnrwtluuuith- , : ' ff A 1 (tl t^Y 1 '^*' 1 !^ '! "^"<"" *i, TIM He
ftdsorviccH rontionut by Peter to liiii falher j brnuyhf hucK itn int'll*vti\* jm|/u itwiMwe
ITo invites Peter to givo lout-urns hi Nujth'*, ' f'^]^' 1 *'*^ ^ k< * **HrriinjMt iMt-r nom'o, nt
in return for a payment of ac.erlu in nuuh^r " W J>^ ' l " WUN * *'" ri'iN'tv^r.^^^rnMur um
of ounces of gold; tlu^ number varien m tlw ! ^' n K^ HUI (^^^ ^ M ttrrH^ti, ii. /*-n ).
maniKscriptB, Another letter in a Berlin j "'
manuscript of Do Vinmw'H collection (Lib, iv, 1 t<f
]flp, 8) is addressed to Hcholarn, aud ' **"
tbe death of
v**>/ vfcvuwvj,* %** jii^nirun)!, t, WMU vm * I t-Ml'VMitw) 4H
granmaarian, But DoViuoinV print ededit ion , il * *^*
of 1560 adds to the obftourity in which lVft*p*M : Un ltl<> *^^^ lt ^ HnVri \VnitT.n ItMti 1
career ia involved by HullHtU-utiittr in thin 1*0*% ,|thV lon^ntru^ii* with Inuwnt II
.. in* iv. 821, ad an* I2 ftoorntf i-- "" ."* - "" --' ^-- ^..^ - - - -
to Tanner, Peter de Hiborma wroto tht>- <'*^ v *^ '** charter ronlinnin^ tho lilwrtlnn of
logical works, the binlmprut { ( "Imrf^r ffatf# t jj, I Hit), I n 1 l2(M*
''Tanner's Bibliotbeca: TiraboHobiV StAit h ^/' l 7' >fl ^>\ Fif 1 H t V ttT *T l l \ ! j** nx (H- V.li
de'JaLetteratura Italians, m L 48 12W ^ thrt , ! ^ of (J||lw /* <r !; MrHDviM,
286; tfetri de Vineis KpUtolw ed Ifi6ft and HAXMiiK, hUn army mt< \\uhw, wul m Urn
1609.] ' 5J 1 fiwt woiik of < >t(tp t,tk -:ittr1. in wm itbor-
'
. 4
,. J' T a . na ^. ve ot Poitou, wrvwd w^cular iimbit'um wiw attaeltod at th timtj ia
under Kicnard I m his warn an knig-ht and tb Aatir* of ^Fliicmw fllyneiw 1 fWutHT ;
clerk, and became one ol his chamberlain**, IWitM ^m*/^ Uamdon iioo,, pp. 10, i I :
Peter
5:5
Peter
i airmigor
Pnt'sitlct ad scuccarium,
Ad t'omputimdum itupi^cr
Pigor ad ov;utgoluuu,
R<girt rcVolvouM rotulum;
Sic lurrum Uioam mtporat,
Marco inavcaiu pnvpondorat,
Kli libra 1 ! libnuu wibjicir..
Peter and the bishop of Norwich [MOO ( 3 KHV,
JOHN zw,<#.l!2M ) were almost tho on lybishoim
left in rvngland in 1211, when Innocent 1 11
threatened to dopo.Mo John; and, do.wpito
Peter's known, devotion to John, tho papal
envoy Pandulf [q. v,"| imposed on him and the,
bishop of "Norwich tho duty of absolving
Johu'H BubjoctH from their allegiance, (An"
ntilen d^ fiu'rfonia, i. ti 15). At the, end of J uly
ItlL'J, after bis Hurronder und absolution, tho
Iving wont to 1*011,011, and left tlic realm in
tho charms of Potor and ({oo(rroy.KitH-lVl.or}
but Jus directed them to follow (.ho counsel of
Ijiington (c,f, llxxj. Wi'iNl). ii. 8^).
In October, on th<^ death of ( lc<iirn\y 'Ki<,x-
Ptitor, Potor Hueoeedod to tho ollico of JUH-
ticiar, much t.o tlio dis^nst of the, bjironw,
who roHontod tho promolion of an alien
(LUi.pic Co(UJKHHAM,, p, H>8). Noxt y(uir he
actexl an one, of Johu'w )>ledj4'e.s for the pay-
ment of forty thousand markn to tlm cluircli
and for tho' observance of tho peace with
the archbishop (H,o<j, WHNI>, ii. 101; Ann.
Jht,rt. i, Si^l),' On 1 Feb. (IlYMi-rn, Hague
edit, i, 59) ho bticamn guardian of the, realm
for a .second time in tho kin^'-s abmuico, Ho
mainly occxi])ied himself in, Handing help
in men and munitiouH of war to tho lung,
and tho barons' anj^or tnrnod to fury (Ann.
Wav, il, i^Kl). In thi^ cri-sin ending iji tho
granting of tho (Iroat Charter which followed
John's return on 10 Oct,, ho acted through-
out as tho king's triiHtod worvant, After .In-
nocent III had annulled tho Great Charter,
Potor, tho abbot of Heading, and tho legato
Pandulf joined in urging Langton to pro-
mulgate the papal sentence of (excommunica-
tion againwt tho baronn, and, on Langton'H
refusal, suspiindod him (Roa. WMNIK ii*
154-5). They afterwards furnished Inno-
cent III with tho namoH of the barons to bo
personally excommunicated (MATT. PA tun,
Chrwvfoa Majom, ii. 64-8), Tho following
year (1210) Peter was sent with othora on
tho fruitions mission of seeking to induce
Philip Augustus to prevent his son Louis
from invading England (KAtwi OOCKJJ'BHUAT^,
p. 180). Among the iFronch invader's iirnt
fixjccesses was the capture of Peter's castlo
of Odiham, after a stubborn defence of six-
teen daya (Roa. WBNB. ii. 182-3). On
29 May, at Winchester, he excommunicated
Louis and hia adhoronto, but Hod with tho
young Icing, Henry III, next; day, on hia
approach (Ann. ll'inf. ii. 8U).
At; tho coronation of Henry 111 at Glou-
cester, on ^8 Oct., IV.ter, under th< authority
of tho hgato (lualo ? ]>laeed tho plain circlet
of gold on tho young prhu',o\s head and
anoinhid him king (Uou, WHND. ii. UKS).
lh^ waw appoint k d IIonry\s guardian, (Cither
by the <nu*l marnhal, acting aa eustow
ot regui (Jltnttnrp rfe dfuilhtMnv
ed, 1*. Mi\yei\ Soc, do rilintoiro d(* I^raiUM',
1S03 -l,ii. 108), or, according to Petor T H own
elaiin, by \\\{\ common eonwent; (of. WALT,
(Jov. ii, liJW). His poHition a giuirdian ditl
wot prevent him from accompanying the
royal anny^atul tal<iii|(a dec.isivt^ pa,rt in tho
r(4itf of Lincoln (20 J\In,y 1217), The legato
loft tho army on its march at Newark,
leaving to Peter, as IUM deputy, tho absolution
and encouragement of tho troojw, who had
UHHumod whito cros(H (AHnttltw f/< ( Dttn*
flf(tj>lifr t iii.-lO), 'Learned in war/ Peter led
the, fourth division of tho army, and wan eu
tniHtod by tho earl marshal with tho com-
mand of tho arbaliHtcrn, whom ho directed
to kill tho horses of tho I'Venchnuni when
they charged ((tHilUtiMtw t<* /J/V/M7m/j ii. 2-2,
2 v j'l ). While reconnoitring he loft bis rotinuc,
atnl alone penetrated to the castle of Lin-
coln, which wan held by its lady a^'mnwt tho
I'Youch, After onc-ourupi'in^ ber with news
of luilp, he ventured into the town, whoro ho
discovered a ^att, l)tt.ween the, oastlo and
town which was easy to liatter <lown. Ilo
thou roturnod t.o IHH army, and, after HOIUO
fipi'litiug 1 , brought it into th(u 4 .it.y(/V>,ii.2()-2)*
J\tt*r played a IO.HH g'loriouH'pad. in tlutbattlo
of Dover (24 Aug\ 1217), According to Mat-
thciW Paris (C/mw. Mttj* iii. 28) he, tho earl
marshal, and other barons, on the approach
of tho I'Voiich fleet of Kiwi ace tho Monk,
declined to tako part in tho attack, roughly
tolling- Hubert do Burg-h [q, v,'| tliat. 4 they
wcr<^ neither soldiers of the, sea, pirates,, nor
fishermen; but ho con Id go awl die/ Tho eulo-
gistic metrical biography of the <mrl tuarishal
cloc.H not eonfoborato tho Ht.or % y. When LOIUB
of Franco departed m iyi7 % h(^ handed over
tho Tower of London to IVter ( I'Yajjment
of Morton Chronicle in .PifawJttJitf/h'tftiMft to
(%.-Pctit DutaiW* louix J7/, p. 515). h\
ISi 1 0, whim tho carl marshal lay on his death*
bod, he commissioned his on to withdraw
King JF.onry from Peter's custody and trana*
for hi in to tho legato Pandulf. *Tho bishop
of Winchester resisted almost by force tho
execution of the order, but ultimately for
the moment yielded up his charge (Oniwwne
'Ifi Marshal, ii. 280-90). After tho death
of the oai'l marshal^ however, on 14 May
1^19, rotor coutinucd to act as guardian of
Peter ;
the kinf^whom he ent ertaiued ut Wmrlu'strr
at tho following 1 Christ man (Kou, WKNIK iL
^17; WALT. Cov, ii, 2f>i>), and slmml with
Hubert do Burgh and Paudulf the direction
of the government,
Ho wan prownit at tho Ktegeof William <lo
FortibtiB, earl of Aumalo, iu Bihaw, early it*
Ii221 ; but on 11) Sept,, ho took tho inmviwl
loft England with tho hwhop of Hereford
nd Faiikoa tie Bwiutfi (u. v.| (VI WM* Jf'w. ii,
hem tiWtw
twl tm'.hhinhop nf
Darniet ta, and that place Heemn to have honn
their doHfrinuliou ; lint on tho ttewn of it
capture thoy turned home/wimln^ AWL l)un*t*
in, 7fi; RALPH OOGOKHUAU,, p, UK)). Ue
attested aeveral acts of the king m the hitler
part of the year (C y /W JiW/?^ 1, 470/> !?:>/>,
&c.) On IB foj>t. !i> he, gavo the, iirst
benediction to JUtdmrd of Barking, Ihe new
abbot of "WeatmiiiHter j ami in flu* name
year took part in an arbitration which de-
cided that that, abbey waB independent, of
the bishop of London (MATT, PAMI^ iii, 7.|,
J ealousof ITubort do Burgh and tlwimtnrnl
head of thoPoitovin party, Pet orwnM probably
more than privy to tho plot which wiw con-
certed in 122K by his fritmd Fauk(B <l
BreautC;, the Earls of Chwfcor and Aiunale*
and Brian clo 1'lale, to mirpriBo tlio Tower
of London and remove tlio jutieiar, 1 1 ubart
denounced him as a traitor to the king and
kingdom, and ho rotirod from tho coutudl
violently^ threatening the juuticinr (Ann,
Dumt, iii. 84), Langton brought about, a
temporary reconciliation at ChtiBtmaB at
Northampton, and Ilonorius 111, in a letter
to Henry on 18 Jan. 1^4, Intervened in
Peter s behalf (Xoyai Xtttm llmry ///, i.
218), But Hubert, who had tho oar of tho
Jang, used his power against Peter, Tins
bishop and the earl of Chester retaliated
by withdrawing, in Ii224, from tho army.
which had been sent againnt Fau)c <\o
Ureaute, with whom thoy probably had an
understanding (Ann. Dumt. ill 8(1), But
in the same, year the bishop was with the
OaT >
On ^8 Sept Henry 111 summoned him to
answer for his encroachments on tho royal
forest rights m Hampshire (#. i, em &&
the bishop replied bv an excommunication
directed against die fees of the church (Ann.
the Idt
S * iU tnt8ted
*>th w * age * n y
1^7 the king, at the mat gat on of Hubert
Bounced his guardianshfp, and dB3
Mlltwii" irMtn ihn t'Hiiii, T}t Ivijiu'i
,ruuilr.l \vith the rMiHituifMlMrnmth
of IIubrrtVMtHUirtn'*', Ifnl | t *f,*v in qtyf J.) M -
himl nd join thr cvts'-.m!^ \vhifh wm pn'pnr-
ing 1 umh'i* tin* li-mb-r ilip of Kivifnrtrk II,
Itrtirv Iin! nlrnifh wnffrn t t\\\ l\ Nn\, l^f
wuuiifn!itH: hint in tin- nittjiiM''^ fjivimr
'(r/rw A'M.V.sii. ViHi, Fjr.irnHi 11, un hin
, nmvnl iu thr Hnly j, um | m l;W. fuund
tlu'tv ii o.tii"i!'ritM. unuv, of \vlurh tho
. bi,Nhn|) ,r \\ ini'I,,vj,. r W ; 1;I mm n ^ f j ljvo
' hwlfi','3 d;<Hn \\ KMI, $i, :;;{), rn'Mirpa and
Jnjtjui \\riv f, ailini iuiunlv with tho niu nf
IVtrrVi tnoj**y, juid nl'ii r flu* runrluMinn of
FnH'irHi'K*:i trun* (!H 1*VU, l::u> hi* nnd
the hiMuo MUrnMl Ji-ruNftb-m toi'^tbi-r <,
H\prtl f ;nlm Suitilrty 1 (,hi//, MtnwH I
1'Vrth'piek l\ Sy <tri'K*irv IX ur* one of
Imviug iusM^ h -d I*ihTntif hi.<riii|mni ',tho
hi.".hn!i of H\ei^r ( in Ou-ir hmu-e?, while in
the Jluly liiuid, Ihjf Mnlfhtnv !*uria miyn
iVtertleH Unt'hiM liiinHnltn! MUTC-. '.ftttlv be-
twi-eu the pope wuj fh,. etn{ToiM f V/n ///.)////,
), niul Fffulrrick p|i.^iled to the fc W ?V
immy<f t*ct.THinl Jar. Minv h^hojiihut his
with Sitlndin wnw not a di'.fumn
,
ftrrutn ///?V/irw *Sivv)i/n/vx, tpni, vii. col,
t; Hro nlwt letter tif :H Aug liMO in
'
, ,
in Jim Holy Litml | 0( with tho nnwup-
r<iiKHJ of tho |intriirt'h of ,Ii-ruwnh*m, <auwtl
Urn oritorof tin* (*an(m,s at Sf.Thonm,s tho
MartynU Atre f fbismlml by Iluhert Wttlter,
to luyjjai^iHl inlo a hou^e of tho ordoruf
tho Sword of Hjmin, d hw<l it, ri'muvcd to
a limit liter wit nation, wntvr the mu. IVlor
wlarted hntno m iy:jj, fwvintf ^tire^etled in
niffml.itttinj< liimw*lf wiili hnih pope and
On \\' M way through Franco h
cUi true** for three yntra bet-weeii tho
tm^o hranao on the one "hide nnd tin* king
of Kngland, witlt tlto twin <,f HriKunv and
</htwtor, on tho other, Uo rriv*nl ai \Viin
chcwlfr on I Au# 1^11, itiul w<*iit to tho
aHHmtnudct of tlw king in WaleH, jfivitig him
mnraaid than nil tho oilier bmhujw nut to-
pthr. At thu eluBis of tho isumjiutKn ho
mviti'd tu king, thv jiwticinr, and tho otiwr
royal ^mcwn* to Bptmd (JhriHimiu* with him
at WmchfHtftr, whom h liivwhwl on thorn
enough vic-tualH, vc^fwcntH, gold, ilvcr,
jewe, H, and hory to haw snftitwl for a royal
coronatiott(Xn, I>nrwi!, iii. l(jj Jto;W0.
The bishop employed hw mwmmn of popu-
Iftnfcytoavttngtthimmjif on Hwtmrt. HuftaWo
Wttaponw worn not wanting, Th Whop had
boon charged by the pop 'to oxeomwmnicate
Peter
55
Peter
eighty-one persons who had despoiled the
Italian clergy iu Kn^hmd, and the $nil(y
persons had met with no discouragement
from Hubert, Peter, moreover, unvested
to the king that, the royal poverty, winch
prevented him from taking active measures
agaiuHt the plundering raids of Ll>welyn
of Wales I 'nee lji,Ywr.i,yN A IOUWKTII, <L
35340] on the border counties, was due t,n the
bud government' or dishonesty of hi mtnin-
tor.' lluhert and his friends were displaced,
Stephen Segrave lq, v, | WUH made juwtieiar,
and a nephew of Peter dew Roches, Peter de
Kieviuix [(], v.jj was made treasurer ( H .) July
I&M , Hou. \VKND, iii. HI ). The late juwl.ieiar
won summoned to answer an inquiry into
liLs administration [nee Btimw, ,1 hi HI-JUT I>M|,
At hin trial he brought various accusations
against Peter, Rut the bishop had triumphed,
and waB now supreme, I le and his partisann
had 'immutably perverted t .ho Iieurt. of the
' (MATT, I/AKIN, in, *J-M).
Armed bodies of Poitevhw were.Mtumuoned
froiu beyond seas. All oilieeB wen*! tilled by
Poter'rt adherents, most of 'whom were hia
fellow-countrymen, Richard Marshal, third
earl of Pembroke [<j. v, ], placed himself at. the
head ol' the malcontent M, and, demand! tig 1 the
dismissal of Peter and the Poll evinn, 1 al ked of
driving out Iho kiutf andhwevil counsel lorn,
and electing another ruler in ease of refusal.
The bishop, on his part, boasted that Iw had
been the truyted a.dviser of the emperor,
and would counsel no half-measures (WATT,
PAxm,iiu Si4(), iU(i; A /mat of mir/tt>nt{!r,n.
8ti). The news that fonugu nu^eenat'u'shad ar-
rived led the, toaroun to refuse to attend two
councils summoned by the king\ono at ( )xfor<l
on ^4 June liJ,'53, and one at Westminstt^r on
11 July (Uoo. WEN D, iii, 51). Pembroke fled
to Wales ami allied hixnaeif with Lly welyn,
whereupon Peter and Stephen Segrnve ad-
yisocl Uenry to summon his military tenants
to Gloucester on 14 Aug. lu that 1 , luwmbly
3'embroko was proclaiwuKl a traitor, and tlm
Ifing declared war on him, On 9 (Jet, a
council mot at Wesbminstor* When com-
plaint was mado of th<^ tre,atment (tf th( earl
marshal, Poter insolently claimed for the khig
despotic ^rights over the porwonw and property
of rebellious barons. The biwhopB thereupon
excommunicated Peter and the king'H other
evil counBellors, despite Peter's remonn trance
that he was exempt Irom their power and was
subject only to papal censure. In November
Peter accompanied the king in his cam*
paign about Gloucester against Pembroke, but
theking's inadequate forces compelled him
to remain inactive. The earl's supporters,
under Richard Siward, ravaged the bishop's
lands at Winchester.
,I>ut Henry WUH growing 1 tired of IVt^rV*
domination. AM far buck aw 4 J4 June llJ.'M a
I hnninieuu friar, Hubert Bacon [q. v, |,usHured
Ilc-ury he would never have any peuee until
1 he. diMuished tiiin (MATT. PARIH, iii, l!t-t).
i Iti was rumoured that the bishop of Win-
] ehe^t er had promised to make the realm
: mihjeet to the emperor (Uo<i Wt'SNi). iii. (J(j).
' At length he overreached himself by pro
! curing the, election of hin irioud, John 1
j Pduud or Ulimt |n*v/|, ut* archbishop of
| Canterbury, II e lent money to ,I>Iunt, and
wrote, to the emperor in his favour (//), iii,
AO; MATT. PAUIH, iii, ^1J), Jhit the pojuj
minnluHl the election on the ground that
Blunt was a pluralist, and named Kdiuund
Rich |((. v,'|, w lose, arrival WUH the, Mig'iial for
, Pett^r'n fall, The htHho" r >H at <niee dn*w up a
1 louj^* tuT.UHat ion {,;;uiuHt !!*e1(*r, Henry waare*
minded that it. wan owiup; to IVterVu'nutwlrt
; that hm fathin* had lo.st the hvt of bin nub-
' jectw. The hiup;' wan deeply iinprensed by M<1
iu uud'H tsaintJy <"haruet,u k , and on lOApril l*JJf
lu* ordered P(*ttn'to retin 1 to JHN bislioprUMiixl
cezwe to oeeupy liimnelf with weeular nllidw
|(Rou. WHNH. "iii, 7H). On 11 May Pete.r'n
j emnuieN burnt bin town of Iving'hoe, in a
! ^reat eoune/d on I June the archbishop of
(Canterbury read a copy of the letter which,
Peter hud aent, to Hugh KitxUerald in Ire-
hmdydircetm^him l( murtlerthe I'larlof Pei
1 broke on hin arrivnl iu that, eosintr)* The
liiK Ha id that, in ignorance of ltn contents, h
had alHxed his wai to the document under the
eompulmon of Peter and bin othor couiiHid"*
lorn. Peter and hin nephew were Kunimoyted
to tlui royal presence to account for their
, financial rtdininmtml ion and their iweof t.h
1 royal Heal, An attempt at Ili^ht. on their
part wan foiled at Dover, and they took
refuse in Wincheater Cathednil (L'H'June).
On ii July Richard Sivavd and othern mn.de
a vain Keansh for thorn, and captured the
homw of tho hiwhop and the ]>nnr. Peter
oxc,on)imuiir,atd them, and but, an interdict.
on the church and city ; but the* mnrmuiero
at once repented aunt were abHulywl. Tlw
city and church were reconciled the day
after (Ami, Wfnt, II M). Nc.xt year Peti*V
waw pardone^l by tlm mediat-lon ol* tilu^ arch*
biahop of (Canterbur
Luara, ii, 2IH)
On 1 1 March 'JSM5 he left Wini!hiilr to
place bin wealth and Military experience at*
the Hervice of the papacy, by invitation of
Gregory XX, who WUH "at war with tho
Tlowttufl (Ann* Wint* li, B7 ; MATT* PAIUH,
iii. ,104, H09 j Itoa. WHKD. iii, KKJ). Henry
warned tho emporor, Fredorick It (27 April
1^1%)^ against placing any confidence in
, Peter's account of the recent proceedings
Peter 5" IVt.T
rning l> ' f "" mi \ !)! '''''""'' 1 V t :-';' i ! '"*- xl "'"''''. lirjr
WitHin J'V.MWi.V.1 inimt WtiltU !,. hn .-m-;:,-. r K li ", l/ium, >l m'.'Ht, Mut.^
'
/r*v<, , ' **" >*>< -i'' . ' '
\ .t-l nn^Mlir ,-Iu .li ,*t arm*
r,^ m tr l( ,;n:h^v mh
m-.n - -, ?, ,.- *n. nn
(Mm, I'MtiH, lii. Ml). H" rHimvM ?> uwi *<;. \ M. I V.< U- l. 1 -.M,.prH' ( t i
N ,,s>\ithm* (
i
, imu!rr,ma th.
lfttmt IVtrnMl.- Itn^hf.v a, <w .-V ,,i Vl .vji,lfMhrr!..-ri..u"t \\ i
Tho imtml <xp*linim |>rn^i ?m,v'-,f.i /"
ivtrtttttU^vnmuilVItirT,ml.ii^aHVV.M VA-
tho'itamnnKitVitorlMnvithkWit^uM'-r oi^
(Mm, I'MtiH, lii. Ml). H" rHimvM ?> uwi (i
Wland, broken in l^ilftu Mi'mt t. S- ].' lutt -.uli;-.n Hr t^-ttl^ -f N ,,s>\ithm*
V>:SUA, ui. HVH), \Vhnt Kiv^'rirk II -" U- (!! 'u' f.r, h,- -^ j.r>-m. tttM lmr.|* n
nMrtwattrimfonnuvofpntin^nf VrtiuMJ.'Uv-, V'u ,\^ ^m-.t K-,m n hn.i imu!rr,ma th.
IUH
rtusHum, on t.lu grmmd ilmt
iuhw lutwt ommHumnviim wllh
imror, htul H|idlicn ill nf hiut \vul4 r\].^ />m< i. I Ini,
VmiHcU* to it r-har^n of lirUwf^ iM^ w j T;M> r)n^H\ t'^nnt, rt- NMM*JUI. ntul
pr(mmwmUumatruf*ttarimnM'UMi'(>A,iii, ,-ih.r K-4!^ i^ti^O l<> !.. K"'"''i r..mmw.
t^) In tho muw yrar th Hl^ ^^ (>
t, about a Wair rmmnlinfiMii hi-
fttliorttlo lUuth nu<l UH
.
had cow m l ivom ho SnriMVW^ n^nitf ( t . ih r<n , F ,, hl;all fhfl |
Vtor, wui lwMrn.nl VN(l ( h , p ,''^ in ,. o!r( tur
f
duvour oiuumoth(r and jM'nUt \\\w!ni l( |- ^ rfVrtn ,, ^ ('.t(ift<rt<ury u <^ \\ illt'uu **t'
<w oomn to tlw rtuiinaut of tlm *ntniu^ nf , Xnuliury lull |nt!4r.|p4 ui Un KoU'i Si*n'),
OhnHt, Hluill Khiy tlt^i, fttul t'hwui tit** mir- ' 'j^ t*>^ t fh jtn l/Hi^^it'*- l* lituShmwn \n
fac of tlwoartli; ami th^whot**\vrt<l whttU M*av*'li4 (f-l, t\ M'Vi^* ^M*'*fi ; t llliMniro
b> Httb]oct to oiw catholic, clunrh; ntitl th<*r* il t'>*un*n, IH!U| I) 'unppli*** rvTul
hnll 1)0 on Hlicph^rtl ami ono llnrk, 1 H* ' ut^^v 1 " 1 '"^"'* *4*'Mnii'^ii.<t' tin* |t|Mvit
dkul on 9 Juno l&JH at Kamhuin. llwhiwt, , nu^ *<n *u.m<i j-mM" , Tin* f!Pl ttulrnt
,
tomb ho had clicmm forhimwilfiu Wlnctu^l IT ! 1 wtil'S ; u.lr .nr ! \ ii* i f t* 1 ri'*it ill*
Cathedral (Mm'. PAiwuiUHIh ^njrt. ' 07 ivWU. f 'rK ^*. ;*'! M, ^n
- ^ ]9 x v ' f j Mm i*r* I'i.if.' l*h U'*ii". ^"i rt * 1 '* V
' wan tho fbundor of numwnm rt V' r > th(i!t| ' n "
rt - Mihhh
churches. On IUH manor of IUH which , ' lh ; r '1 ll l a!m ! >i *: p ! m |lrt V rl * J 111 ' 11 ^, 11 , ' * ^A ,
Jolm had granlod him for that pumw* n i W' IIJ r ! : lft At ttll4 * nf% * Iul r ..... "^ v
16 Oct. 12 ' l " l " tllM ' '
finished on 5 June l&JJUOta /W/ f l51(f; i(d, to-M, ninth wmnt tit Savm-, unti mnr-
"" -, Mowstiwn, etl 1817~&% vol. vi, [quirt iu Italy, wuwn<t'Ut h mm ofThowiiH I oi
pt. il p, 9SJ6). In 1*221 lu k foundtni at Win-
chester a house of Dominican friarH (Uvn*
E, vol. vi.pt, iu. p 14H(V) itiHotte foun-
dations were tho l*rmonHtratnHinn
Hav*>y hy Mnr^nrtM w tnuinpiy.
born ttt tin* ciwtln of *Siuw in hilly,
in l*J<^ t but j*rh]H th trun
tnuy ht* tin tut*h UH ti^n y*Mtw* litW
( M t;u N i K!t p,
of Titckfield in Hampshire in l^ttl
vi. 931), the Austin ! " -* ^-t-
hospital of St* John tiu^Ikptist at' Port * wric^in tl* wiv< of llmfj III ami HiHtard
mouth some time in John's roifyu (i/A vi, 7(il ). of Oirnwail, wurt^ lu *', ^ I Vt ir wan in-
He intended to found two Ctstwcian ftbbnyR, timdtui oriffiiwiHy for m mtlwawt-wa^ cartur,
vi. 931), the Austin priory of HuUwrWm ardtli^lup fit* ('untfrlmry, WHH hin y<u|?t'r
in 12JJ3 (&, vi. 510), and a brother, niui MU*unr iwul Snntthia f Pro-
and WH matli^ n ctuufm of Valmum iu I*au-
and left money and instTuctionw in hin will
for that purpose,
executors i "
called
and the ___ ,, ..,_.,..,
(Ann. Wav. il S2^). llo left lifty tnarb'to ' i* lHS) and in l^Xl) aft pmvtwt. of ( i<mi*va.
the house of St. Thomas of Acre, tlie litt-tur yar Iw wiw procurator of tho <
Peter des Eoches was a typical secular { of Laumimtj during a vncawcy (M
Peter
57
Peter
IRtf urift MtbautlM 1 , vo, v. pt. . p.
a few years later he resigned his ecclesi
preferments, and in February 1^*( n
1 , vol, iv. pt. i. p. I W), But, ,
siastical j
preferments, and in February 1^*( nmrried ;
at Ultatillon his cousin A#w\s, daughter and j
hoiroHH of Aymon, count, of Knuejg'ny (('A- >
lurrn, i. ~0(f; ho obtained an indulgence for
tills marriage on 7 May llU7 <//>, i, LH5G),
After tho death of their falhor Peter had
been involved in a dispute with hi.s brother,
Amadous IV, an to his inheritance ,* the
mutter wan arranged on iJtt July li!M, whn
AmadeihM gftvo him the ca.Htle.H of LompncH ,
atidS.Kahnbert in Bu^(y (\VuusTKMnHK(Ku, j
iv. IKS). The *OhvomuueH tloSavoyo* (J/o/n i
//M. Mttnd. i, ir>l-i, MW r>) represent Peter i
aa making' pvat oontjuostH iu tho Payn do
Vand and Valam; but the narrative is very
confuHod, and, HO far an concertw Pc(<*r, to a
largo oxl cut iabulotw (MimNiMK, p. 10'l),
However, his marriage had Hoeured him the
pmspoetof a ooiiHidttrabhi tcmtorial ponil ion,
Avliicli ho much incn^u.scd liy Hul.sc(iu(Uttm',-
muHttioMH. In l!^iJ7 lin wan nnj^iiji^td in war-
laro witih William, cotiut of UOUOVH,, wlmsn
HOIXH took liim ))riHoiur, ami on PJ May Ama
dtjuw intiurv^ntsd on his bohulf (Wt'UHTMM-
BKKOWR, iv. 1 10, i^l). On y:i .hum liMO lw
accopt(id the. advi.no.y oi* Mio monawt'ory of
Paycrmj In Vaud (/V>. iv, 130), Ilo wan at thin
time styled Count, of Uomont,
About the cud of liJ 10 IN'U'-r wsnt. to K up-
land, at llio invitation of Honry III, who
gavo liiitt largo t k stat(H and mado him Karl
of llichmond, Ilo was knightKul by Honry
on Jan, liM?l in W^jstminHttsr Abbny, ancl
on tlie following day tlu It ing 1 Imhl a #rout
feast in his lionour (MATTiruw PAIUH^ iv. H5),
Later iu tho your ho proponed to bold n
tournament at Northampton, which wan
prohibited by tho lung 1 , out. of favour, an it
waa alh^od, for tho ion%norn, wlioat^ chvloat
seemed probnblo (/^, iv, 8H) On ii8 Sopt,
INiter received tho caatb of 1 ^OWOH, but nhortly
ailerwardH,foarin^tho ouvyof lOarl Richard
of Cornwall [q.v.] and tho 10nglinh nobles,
begged liuivo to roturn to Bavoy, Honry at
fmt granted him pm'miHaion, but nftorwards
recalled him, and Potor reltictantiyreaumed
the olllco of Khoriil' of Kout, wit h tho cant loa
tioned as one of; tho royal eouncillorB in
January 124^, and in February wae wont
withPeter of Ai^ueblancho [<|.v,], the Sa-
voyard birfiop of llorofortl, on a WUHHIOE
to prepare for' Henry's intended expedition
ta Poitpu, lie BBCuped a French ambunh
with difficulty, and returned to Kngland
shortly before Eawtor (M'ATT, PAIUS, iv. 187 ?
190), It was perhaps in view of this ox-
pedition that in JUIK iiill iVtor luul been
directed to oht.nin t.hc, HcrviooH of tin* (ount
of ('halonand \Villiinn ot'V T i(uum> ( 7'av/rm,
i, it05). On 5 May 1^1^ lie nurrondered the
castle of Dover, and on III May apparently
wailod witli lhnryto [ > oitou On ii(J Way
Henry, who wan then at Ponn in Haintong'(%
gave Peter formal direction to negotiate a
inarria^o b k tween lUchartl of (Cornwall atid
Sauchiu of Provunco. With this purpowi
|Vt,(*r wan pnHent an UiehanUH proottn* at
Tarnm'on on H),I uly (CUittrrn, i. iiJJT ; W IIKH-
,' TI'iMDtntOKH, IV. 15-1), AfU^r l\< Hhoi't. VlHlt to
i Savoy ho returned to Kn^html in September,
, and m tho following year rejoined llrnry,,
with whom he WHH present ut. I5ordt v nnx on
f> July llMH (MtKiNiKR, p. -Ill)* A(U'onlin|;
to Ma(tluw Puriw (iv. Wift), I\ter was ono
<f tho kin^'n nxHH(*n^rs to tho nm^tuMfM in
the parliament of 1244, Hut. Peter KJMMUH to
ha/ve ivturnrd in hin nativo country in the
HUtuiuorof thinyt'iir. According to t hi" *( -hro-
ni(jtuH do Savoyo/ tho ( 'Oiuit of Ocnt'va hud
at.taekinl IUM landH in Vnud, and Henry sup-
plied him with men and money for the war
(Mtm* l/kt* MaJMwL i, 1(17 H)/ 1 hiring bin
ntay abroad Peter inatcriaHy extruded bin
powor by nu k auH of friendly a^reementM with
the binhopn of IdUiHunne and Sion, and the
lordrt of Kru<nr((/A, vot* iv, pt, ii, p(. M \\\ U,
1400; (JAtm'i,i. iJol *'l; WUIWTI-JMHHUUI-JU,
iv. 177 'HI, lS)5 f il)H).
Pte,r ret.uriHMl to England early in !l!!7,
liringing 1 wilh him a bevy of foreign Indien
t,o bo married to Mn^liKh nohlen; two \vro
married to Kdinuml <lo Ltwy, earl of Lincoln,
mid Richard, ww of Hub<rt do Hurjfh | (j. v, ]
(MATT, PAIUH, iv,5i)H,(W8). Th'iM proceeding
(excited much indigtiut ion in Mn^imid^ and t ho
fettling* wan pcrluipn inc'rcjincd '/>y IVt.er'H ob-
taining tho wardship of varioun youn^ noblcn,
o.^of John,oarl of Wnrennc |<j. v. | T In \~l\ t
of Jolm(Ullord (q. v]in IsMH,uwl of Itobcrt
I<\rrcr8, earl of l)(*rhy |<j, v, ),Iu llJf)7 ( /'rrr/^m,
1, JJiM); WUUHTMMUMHOKH, IV. 24f>, UIIH, * 4 H1 ?
450,, 07(1 ; for other inntaneeH, ce M uuNti-SK,
, p, HH ; (/dL <if /hwuiiwutx wlfttwy tm ftntttttiit/,
\ L 10/54), Peter wan prcwnt iu tint pur tin**
ment cf February 1^4H (iMA'm I*AIUH, v, 5),
In Octolwr Iii40 ho received tho cantlctf and
honournof naHtinf(HttndTit',khin,antlwii<no
of tho uuibaKHtidorK appointint to treat with
Franco (DovLH ; VViriiHTKHiiHUOKU, iv, S2'10).
On 5 March, 1 tW ho had power to prolong th
truce with France, lieln^ aHHociat*ul for thw
purpf)o with Simon do MonUort(Hiiiitiwv T ii.
oO), From Parin ho wont on to Havoy, and on
20 Juno mado an agrewnont with William,
count of Uonova, by which tho lattorucceptcd
him for lord (Afan. ,//w/, ftithdiMh vol iv*
pt, H, p. HOD j W iriitfT MM jttJtwcuiH*, iv, 2*11) -f>l j
Peter
ho
th .
^
1Vtt>r
, *. I%W11H ftu * Mnn" i
irrrt i. IS). At, ho ..... U * ; ,. Uit ,,., .,,H>,,
arrawithAU.-, N u.t > > .
. v, * ut U'lhy
, rn. , ,.fSav,,vlmd
l,v It..- r.i./rns ,.f Turin,
,. .,,
nwiKmdinaHuarrawithAU.-, N u.t > > ..... j,,,,^,.,,,,,,,! l,v It..- r.i./rns ,.f Turin,
l*f 1\>.^^^ 1,,,'iu ll>:,r, lV,,v. i.U hi, I ..... .!.-, l-hiUp
s;r;^
oulim tot, on,, tYUTCoutm-a m.-r, n 1 > ... '" " . , , v ,,. r w . ( . (l , (1 .,,.
incrauw Urn inrnwu^ , m Um ( N '. ' , ,, , . ( ,,\, ( ,.,. , S i n ,, m
pp. H7..H), uiul on * . Al * l ~' ' :*!,.. ' M,.,,tlur. K n,t *,ih J..m M,,.r,-l .,. v/ ( ,m
LUwm,u namwlum , I -ft H > ' * , ..l^S^Uun tm . .tl, .1,,-^,,... Kn/m ( ,
favour (Mult. /W. !* \oi. '\- l'<- ( , ( ,,,,, , ;h j, (it m ,,,,,,,!.,. ), Wll ,, ,, ( ill ut
^ . . i "- iii " :
Italy
ooia tlw wuottut
do Montfort tor hm ""F'
(SmiuJY.iLfll)). N.torha.l
kato attitude in K
now and for
.U *.. 'nn ......... , .ft.-r.l i
"/ ' V.-IU-UHI'V I .''>- <>-< .--t 'v.-r (.1 Knglnnd
. N.H- m J'" 1 '!"}, ' , ;; , U1 . ,. WHH , rtVBl .nt with
mi
M,,,vU
wl t i,h
: . , u , ,,. ;,.,, w ;,,
K ' , .
n , , NWM ;,.,, ,, - ,,,v ( . v.
u - . l .' Ul ;",,, ,,, u ,| lsl)u ,n, wl t i,h nin in
* - ' : . . ,. sun
527-8; JZWfea Gaacon*, I 20a, 2ft W, 4151, |
4324 5 Mm, PARIS, v, 410; Mtwrnw, pp, |
104, 106). lie was employed in the IHM
gotiations with tho French court in May
1254, and in those as to Sicily -with Uwpopo.
In November he went to Savoy; lib brother
Anmdeus had died in the previous yuar, awl
Peter and Philip of Savoy ronowwl thinr old
claim to a further share of their fal;hr*H
lands ; this question was settled by arbitra-
OUt* t>f HU* (UU*lUHjmw*F* '<" * l '" "-.--
(fo. KHIKK awi in Jimmiry UNVJ WIIH , mm ol
ih<MMimmiM"rH wiit to WMI f}'' l nl ot
Ucrttwall aii rwtvt* hwiwth tnlml* by uw
t>vii*iH (MATT. PAIUH, v. 7it:!). J>urtff
thti wunnti'r f 1^> IIIMVIIH Mi|tiy<Ml m th
m'tf<>titttH'imft>riHMiw with Knim^i (M"" f
il lliH; K*v/mi, I ^7H HI K unl in
Savoy till May, when Adolph t of Waldeclc,
as vicar of the empire, invited him to bocoitw
protector of Berne, Morat, and Haflle (ib. iv,
93-7). About the same time he waft MHO-
elated with Simon de Montfort in a commis-
sion to treat with Louis of Franco (SHaany,
ii. 117), But on 8 June he was at Lyons,
where he made a will (Mon> Hut, SaoawL
vol.iv.pt.u/pp,16S5-6), There was some idea
that he might return to Gaacony, and Henry
directed his son Edward to be guided by
his advice (Foectem, i, 560). But Peter went
back to Savoy, where in August ho enter*
with John ^ Urittnity. Ttmi pnui'i' liutl
claim to \m nm?Htrnl *arl*ln ot lurUmimu,
i and Honty pnmiHi<i t ^rnnt. UH wt** u
tVtttr woii'lil ii|*r*M to lb Hurri'itilwr (. t.
OHti, !*), KviwtimUy it WIIH ftrmnfr<M t.lAl
John wlumhl r^rivi nn wnit|H*iwiit4on a |m-
Binn of t*<> tliotwaud ^uarliH, uutl^ J '" 1 ""'-
tainwl th% irl<Um till 1-<HI f
BHiuiKiL iv, 5^7 > fjIJH, 5U4, Wu, '. - T ,
LET ii :J !(>'>. l*tur wan with th>. king m
lVunc ftt tit mul of U'W, H 11 jlwag>
'baroninl pally, tul, a tin* lin^tr.l^
Richard de CJlaw and Htm<m do
btviwno martif^Mt, iniHl ovur tt> t
, side. As a , cuxwunueuct, 4 , littJfl oimon
Peter
5')
Peter
cured hw removal from tho council (IMMoNT,
pp. 187, ilfH). Peter wan instrumental in
cilocting 1 tho rocoiieiliation botwoon Henry
and his won Mdward in liMO, and wan ono of
tho kind's advisors in his broach of tho pro-
visions in PJ(H (/flttrw i{htorhtnnn> w.i!or>;
(twit* UKKVAHH, ii, :M1, Ultt; Anti< Mwi* iv,
12S), It wan allowed that Ivtohard do. Olaro
wan povHOwd at Potor'n lahlo, in July ,lUii
When tho war broke out in PJOtt tho hos-
tility of tho lOn^linh towards all ioroi^nrrn
compelled Peter to loavo tho country* His
nephew Ikmifneo, count, of Savoy* had just
boon dofoalod in Piedmont, and lay dyin^
in priflon at Turin, Pol or wan at- Oluuubory
on 7 June; throe dfi) later ho took tho
tilloH of Count of Savoy and marquis in
Italy, in Huccossiou to l?onifaoo. Short Iv
al'torwardrt ho oroHstnl thn Alps, and reduood
Turin to wubnuHsiotu Ho rotununl n>rt.I
in tirno to attond tho, conference at. Hou-*
loguo in Ht^ptombor ( Mm/, (}KHVAMF,, ii, iiL'5).
On 17 Oct. King* Richard hu-ostod him
with IUH county at Herkhampstead* and
made him vicar of tho ompiro in Savoy,
Chablais, atid Aosta ? and g'i*aitiU*d him th
lands of Harfcnuunu do Kyhourg in Vand
bor llonry vainly ondtuivouted to obtain
Peter's admission to Dover (O>#, (JKHVAHI-J,
ii, iit'JO). Poto.r trok no part in tho war
of 1^04; in Juno ho was with Queen
Eleanor at Rt. Omer, endeavouring to collect
a force for the invasion of Kngland, and
during tho autumn was at Damme in Flan-
dera with a liko purposo ((!hrun< J&ttwtrtt I
and Mdward //", i, (34- ; VVu HHTHM HMUtiHU, iv,
(J47-55; J\hmNiMH,pp, 1405(l), It in |)OH
aiblo that ho way have afterwards crowed
ovor to his cast ht of Povimwsy, and dni\idt*<l
it in porwm apunnt tho younger Simon do
Mont.fort, and ho was perhaps at PovonHoy
inlVlarch 1%T>, when lie waa Hummonotl to
attend at London on I Juno(/'Wm/, LOOl ;
BtooNT, p. &M), llowtwt^r, in JMay ho wa
certainly at Eomont in Vaud, and probably
did not again return to England ("W triWKM-
i)WKEB ; iv, 684*6), Aftor tho bat.tle of
Evtwham, rtwtittitionof ,Potor f landfi, which '
had been Boiasod by tho barons. WIIB ordered to
be made on 12 Soj>t j but boforo Cl May IL ? ()(! '
the earldom of Richmond was boHtowcd on
John of Brittany, though .Petar does not
appear to have abandoned his claim to it
(Jttsdfim, i 817, 835 j WUKHTKMIWKWW, iv,
749, 760) t . In October 1J205 Peter IKICHMO
involved in a war with Itudolph of .HapHbur^
the foture emperor, in dufoneo of IUH it(ff,
Marg-aret of Kybourg, f V\m q uarrtd wan ter-
minated by a treaty at Morat on 8 Hei>t, 1^07
l//>, iv.tjlHi, 7*il>), rot^rdifdon l(>or 17 May
llMiS, aflrr a lon^illtussw, probably ut Pi^rns-
(*hat<4 in IVtit-Uug'oy, and not, I\H \n wonxv
timt'HMtutt'djit, ( 1 hillon(/'A, iii, 1 HI 47,iv,7 r ) v J;
MwjNiwi, p. H<)i), l!(\ was buricul in tht
ubby *d v IlHuhM'omlw on 1H May (j1/o-. ///>^
tfufwwt* i. 171, (174; tho dato of hin dcmth
hs bci'ti wrou^ly j;iv'n UN 7 Juno).
liy hiw \v\i\\ who wurvivt<l him, lu\ had an
only dait|;'htor, Hontrix (/A UilO), married an
a rhihl in 1H4I to (hiy Vl'l of Duuphino f
JUH! nftcr( Juy*n douth to iiuwton of Hfiiirn in
lu.st will, <latod 7 May 1-HM, Ptt.tr loft mont
of his ICu^li.Hh property to IUH uioco Mlt^mor.
HIM pnlnr.h in London WHH boiitu'ftthod to tho
h<)Npin"f tho Uront, *SU Bomnrd,fr<m which
t'oiuntuaity I'iloattorpuri'hasrd it., Thi.spiilun*,
outnido th(^ citv of Lotulon, * in vioo voonto
In Straund,* had boon tho house* of lirinn <lo
Llnlt^ and WJIH bontowod on lNtor by Uonrv
in llMtf (C-AHUTTi, i. l'(5H), Kl(anor |'iivo ft,
to hor Hon t'ldtnuud. To t-ho.m* cir(*unjHtanr,oH
tho hiMtorio. Havoy palaoo OWOM it-M iiutno and
itiM ntill HulwiHtinK nasooiation wtt It thcdttrhy
of LaneaHtor, Tht fiinuittH rnHtlc. of OhUlou
in Vaud in <von now nuu-h an !'< i t<r nuido, it.
whonitwaw hw favi>urilo ro.^idonrin In l!'f>()
ho had ao<juirod from thn <*hutvh nf St*
Maurico in ('habliim tho ring 1 of St Manrico
(//A i, UUO). Thin ring 1 wan aftorwanln unod
in tho invoHtituro <jf tho counts and dukon
of 8avov M it hud boon in that of thu
anoiont uin^H of Hurgundy*
Tot.or in iloHoriljod in, t-lio, 'Clhron'ujuoH d^
Havoyt^' m 'a pru<lnt man, proud* hardy,
and tcrriblo UH a Hon; wlio HO hold himnolf
In bin tinio that ho put many folk in Mth~
joctiow tindor him, and wan HO valiant- that
mon oallod him ** lo potit (,Jhrloni^nii n *
(Mon./lwt- NntntK&i. I4(J,cf <K)5 t 7a), lILi
good g'oyormnout and wiwo hyiKlation on
dtuir<Ml hiiu to his Hubjiu'tw j wlulo bin m'qui*
witionH in Vaud and Viilaw ntttloriliy iu-
cr(iwod iln\ powor of !UM fniutly^ th<m^lt thoy
aifonhnl a* Hubjoct of dinptito biU.woou tho,
hoir-H of JUK daug'htor and IIIH HUOO*HMOI^ H
count of Havoy* In Kn^liwli politic IUH
position mnnt bo doarly distin^uiHliod From
that hold by Hiwry^ Poittvvin kin8in*n t cr
ovouby tun own brotlk^r r HonifiuM*, Mutthttw
Pimn (iv, HH) willn him f with jUHt.wo, * x*ir
diHcrotitH ot providua;* ho wtw tho winost
of J(ltmry 1 H pornonal iVionds and couiiH(Jlor;
but> wlulo no ntiuaiiuid loyitl to tho king,
ha hrtil a jiwt approniatlon of bin poaitlon m
an Kngiisii (*arl y and of tho now! for rofonn,
It WH8 uiifort.iiimttj for Honry that I*otor ?
ol)li^ation in h native land jwwwtwl Juni
fromidontifyin^ himself moro outiroly with
hia adopted country*
Peter '"' 1VUT
ntv;
<tiri Won* HinU<'wt, of Um%*^ "i ( '^ In UV/Mm\\n" .ihrmh fu^l^nm of Salop,
tort wry, Marsh't* liHtw* in Mouwwntu lr*u H t Mvf h } \t?rv f IM^ p^u-ur^l him flu* bishop-
<MMauu (thoro i** u fnitUv- Inirr t>* IVin* HI Jir ,,{ "f f ,.;-,- j', i^f, \.u;ntt t\ tht* nl iroutoiil of
tip, 2K"'l)t HhiHryVi Hoytvl swl Ilr*!><n'l Ur.h.m Kn'ph t Mm*! inuf into tltr Fran*
jUttWH (uU'thoHo in UIV< ST.>; U^'t* ;!* An- rl ( >.,. MI ,-> im r nt u f f i!mr' .t-r, Tin* w WHH
(both in raimlVu 801*.) ; Uyn-r". K<t'<In,t, '?;% ^'^' M J' t
odit,; KMinUUwm^ VM|, i, (IWminn*'. tn->liH ^ ^^
HUt* riliHtf. d(* KriiUi*^) i lluitiV t'nli. **i r*'"ttfui )>?* ^
MonuitH'uttvUi'^oriu" I'uiriif^ubAU'Uii*, , '^ ! l;Miil l 4 ""I I,,,,,. ,, ', * n .
cwp. vol. i, Scripts iuul vnl iv, rtwrt!*- ifhi- t>jt "'> varuii "'^v I -M, ..t iMth.-r I HIT
Ohwwi<NU'M i vol. i, atvof lnt it*it* t nl \"t i y "I Vi/w l*imtrno't' hi* wilr -. niu'K t'Htjutnn*,
iv. 7*i tl. Wumt<MulM<rKtM*'H ivu-i* l-* '/wut u f Vi*rk i M ui, P'uun t t\ , V I a), Ttu* Un^
Uraf vou Hayi>yon, '/urich, I HAH, tn m^i'ttittMtuTr ^^ r<)ij Ul( UJ| j 4 H j jU ^ |( tMttu j, rr (l f mthU'rt.
monograph in l voln., tlu- l*iM cnntjvnt'ui^ ; *'! ^ ^.^^ J, mu i vH n j' t*\ttcrturv n'M(f-i{*ti H^atiiKt
It'clion of docuwicuiwiimi c\tirn<*lH illtU'trat v nf . ^ ^ 'sili*n 4 'rwtii'ivf utu iuthMrr\itht**
irTfln A^ilSmw^^^^^^ amt' "'"iVt^'lo'ia' ih. In^lt-prir until hi
aUH T mm^lVL^^^ < l(tu<h ' llrnr - v Hi thvitv tvji.-utril JUM at-
i^,,,,v, T :iv *,*si! ,i. k it,.****'..** . n.!ii,*.n*' trrniMn t* urorurt* IU' inr^uutn to a ru'i*r
,, w ..j' War; \VhitakwH Hint* of Kirhmuml- ** in I; 1 }! to l,iw*l<ui,w I'Ait to i,
tiro ; Doylo'H OtticiaUJaa^ Hi. It I l,l ! nml t J'.Wi i> finnirinn, Hut Ilio
(5 If, K, ! f ttUrt?4 trt \uiti n* ;MU I I'^'I,
PETER OF AlounHUWHH t'i t;*flH^ , t'^iMr s\u> itfntr*mt *f ilir Kn^;hnh
hiwhop of Ilcrwford, WUH a Stivoyurd of Ittglt (*/> v, M".\ * ,\uwh'uiu MOHWH utu
rank ('natiomi Burgumhw,* H^r //iV/, it. ' mul miulo ti** ^lorf t< nirry *m tin* i
4HO), and belonged to a junior bniurlt of \\\t\ ; Mrutiou of htn ir* hi prr'noft^ H* tv
hoitHO of the lordrt of Br\an^cw> 'ViHtnmntH uf ' tin* tctii^V. 'wtMU'iut rouuriHor, 1 mttl^
tho Tartmtaifio or valloy of 1 ho uppi't* U/nvim rtowl^' ititwWd to tli* H*v\i**^ot tin* rnurt*
Savoy,andpoaBt,BRorH ofwtwidiM'tihliM'Mtati^ nmioVth** tjit^niV nnrt**'*, uf Utrnn ]utt**r
in <:lra!aivan<lan (4lKNAi$itK\ DM tint/in t IVii-r of Savoy i'J' v '| now r ^' f '*Jl v tvp^^
fifaddle.s (lanft to Alpw wciWr^/rt/Wt pp 40H M ( iit**d flu* ftuml)* itt lMijtuil, IhoUiMiuip
4U),4Ca). The younger branch of thn hww | of llrn-ford wttni*-^'d th* M'mf "nl* tu thm
derived its naroo from tho tif of Aigm^' priiu*** f thfMMirtd*nn of Uirhmowl in l*-iu f
blanche, also (iituatd hi th*^ Turtais and \vu, tntrly in l*'ltl ( dM*pntrlinl with him
Potar BOOWIB to Ixavo boon a BOU of th youngw ; ou n nuHM*m to Km wo, Th*)* woro roju-
brothor of Aimoric do Brian^on, wlu>\viwtli muwontHl tonnuoun<v* to dm INuti'Vtn.^ Imth-
head of the houfto aftw lillM, Tlio Hrlau^onn ful to fli^ KngliJih mnw tli* t*pjMily nrrivnl
were closely attached to tlus rimg fortune ' of Iloury 111 to mi.'H' troop for^ th' ( pro-
of the house of Savoy, Aftcordingly, l^tw ' jict*nt wtir in i*itutu nnd to uigo^iato for n
of A.iguoblancUo became tho dork of Wil- wwirring* 1 b*twt*< Uit'hurd, i*u'l**f (!t>rnwtill^
liam of Savoy, the warlike bishop-ctet (jf Ilintry lirbroih*i%jtiutHnn'hm ; tli<*yoiniK rr
Valence, one of the numerous BOIXB of Count , MHt*f*cif <Jiu*n Ktimnot, Ti>< bi.shop nhowed
Thomas of Savoy; Matthew Paris dencriU* ! groat activity, itumi'ttini'H nloiu^wnuoUmoHiu
him as William's < familiaris clericuB tit pro- ! conjunction with IVtor of Hitvoy, Ho pmt
curator expensarum' (JKrt, Major, iv, 4H), iwwt of tlwflutmttt'rwUiW'nwsal UoninHUJC
He accompanied his master to England whan and Buwu*, wlwrw llonry III now hdd hie
the latter, in 1236, escorted hiB niece Kloanor' court; but !w alw ftnuJtl tinw for a htwty
of Provence [q_. v.] on her punxey to Eng- jounu*y to Pr<vt*nws whort^ on 17 Jnly> ho
land to become the^wife of Henry III, and Wl Kittjr of Hitvoy Hignotl at IVriwcon tho
was thus brought into close contact with marriagu trwty for tlt rililanco of Hiohard
the English king. "William left England in and Bawehia ft-ht* net. w printed by "WtlE-
1237, and Peter probably accompanied him. STWBIHHIWHSW, fottr H wn A^nn/w, iv, 87,
But on his master's death at Viterbo in Ko- ! ftnd in OIIUUHIO and PIIOMIK, i)<uMin<>nti &
vember 1239, Peter returned to England, Sfytttt di tiavttj& t tl 1451 j MuutflBJtt, wp* Ii5)-
Peter
4() r <leNeriheH minutely tlu k seal of the bishop |
atlixe.d to it). On 17 Au^, I'nttT of Ai^u;- t
blancho was usru-in Nvttinssinj;' dneuin(*nts in ,
Guiwmo. H> probably returned to ICti^lnnd 1
with Uimry in October 1;ML
A nnth or of theiMieen^M nneles, Honifaoo,
biHhop-(d(M't, of Be ley, had heen in l;Ml f
nominated to tbi* HIM* of <'autir!mry, hut ho '
did not nppiMir in lCn; ( ';lnnd until It! it. In '
thn int(U"val I'eter of Ai^uehhwrho nctrd
JLH his atfnnt, in KinjlatKU rtM'^ivifj|,r in hM.'i
pin'niiMnion to re^idi* in tin* aivhh'pifU'opal
manor nt Ijjnnbolb, nnd in the ^nine year J
appointing, aw HonifiH'rVt prortur, nllieialn
throii^bnnt the nrehhifdioprie of CnntiM'hury
(Ti'W/fwhunf Anmtfa* p, !."). He nl^-onvuileil I
lumwelfof inn portion to pay soin of tin*
dolitrt of bin old muster, \\illium of\"idenee t (
IVotu thi^ archiej)ifieojal funds, \Vb< k u at ;
Ic.iijyth t,lu papal consent \vn,H*;iven to BiwU
facd'H etertion to (^nnliM'bury, l*^ter \vnn in ,
Htnu^ted to nolemuly hnnd ivver to him the
pallium Htnl from thi k papal emn't on 1",! April ,
vol. i. N<w, oK*\ 5S<). Ou linnifnce's nn*i\al !
in Mn^'land ho nsHociuted biniH'lf elo iely
with IVtm* in defenditj^ the hUlmp of \\'in-
oluwtnr, William ot 1 Un.lei|'h !<p v, !, (Votn tb
immodwato di^plenHiire of Henry. Tbr re-
Hiilt/ was a hreac.h bet ween the Kintf utul tho
Savoyard bisbopH, who w*ere hneked up by
the, pope and by the stricter clerical party, I
IHurwont with Hisbn-p WnlhTof (^nuirlnpe, ,
to re.monHtrat^e, with Henry nt l{endin;,;, itut ;
Henry Hod to London to avoid their wboh*-*
fioiu(* admonit.ionH ' (M.vrr. I'VUIH, iv, tisri,
^',)-l-"5), Henty wits noun, hmv*vet% followed
and re, h uked. HoTiii'a<*n wrote lei Peter, tuv/uijjf
Mm to petHe.verc in Ills rchukH to t.h*^ kinf(
(Hi, iv. iii)7"H), and at hint Henry ^-ave ,
way, |
IWardw tho <^nd of l*Mi Peter went hi** i
yond HHI ahm^ wit It the hinhop of \VnnoH
tor, th archbishop-tdwt, Uonifac.e, Matthew
Pftriw tuak(H a #vt\ni, myatery of tl<ir * hecret.
bnaincHM' (ib, iv, 4()3)/bnt ilnnr main ohjoct
WHB to viftit tho pope at hyon.n niml attend
tho council fhm*<% On 15 'Juti* 1:M> Botu-
faco was conw'ral<d at Lyonn by Inuo-
ceuti IV in "twwon, the two KtigltMirbishopH ',
aHiHt.ui^. T!,m wuincil wan ojwund on t5H ,1 taio
and cloned on 17 July, Pctttr utt<udwi itn
sessions. Whtm tb^ pope, ^rant<Hl t.ho HC
of Canterbury the, lir.stfruitH ot all vacant
"ben^ftcoa within t ho pr< viuc for Hiv' k n yai'H t
he made tho biahop of Hwford c,olbu:tor of
tbis unprecedoutc^d tax fiY/av, 5()H) Jointly
witb Archbtftbf>p Bomfacw ? P,tr r(u i oiv< 4 d oil
behalf of Henry III tho uonw#tt <f Count
Amadcnia of Savoy, and granted him back t-h^
castles of Bard and Avigliano, and tho towun
of Susn mid Saint-MauHiVtu I he Vu!aisv[e,s-
M'sMonw which Anutdeun condescended t,o
hold oft ho i'!u!';li,sh lutuv in ret, urn for a yearly
pension icf, tttii/ttt /,r//Vr.s ii, ;*{)() 1, in which
Pct>r jvivrs Henry II! reasons why the hold-
ing of (hi* lordship of these* Alpine "'nut-wen will
he to the ndvnntinre of Kn^'huui"). Peter
recr-ivotl hcvernl murks of tin 1 pnpc'w wporiul
favour, milling others the riij'ht of not nd-
mitlintf pMpai provi: -ions unlive the hulls
c\pre;i;<ly mentioned tluit the provision wart
|,i runted uolvuthrttundinf? tlii.s nmecNmon,
In October llUU Peter AvaneonunLsMHwcd,
joint Iv with Peter of Suvoy, to treat tor
a prolongation of the truce with I'Ynnco,
At tho juunt* time he, \va.M empowered with
tlu archbishop of YorK to elcnr up n pus*
nblo hTCf,;ulurity in Henry H PH mnrrui^e,
by reason of a precontract hi^fwiM'n Inni
nnd Jiuin of Pouthh'iL It. wns tint, ttntil
:". Mnrrh l k ***t thai Peter pmtuwnml in thn
cfithednil of Senn the jwjml ;;ent*jtee wlneh
nullified tin* |nve<mt nirf nnd vulJdnlid tln^
innrrin|*'e of Ifenry nnd Ml*umr { \\ IIKNTIJM*
Hi':tun;u vol. iv, 'NoM, :!\:\ tMiil), In !*!/(),
iN'ter, liKe numv other Kn^'lLdi hnrotin utul
prelnt k :< tiiok tne ero;-:!, with the view of
inUowin*!: Sittnt, Ijott'umn his crusade ( M VIT,
l*.\UtM t v, UW), He tuuK hos\ever, ru> ,st*ju
lot'itrry out hi.'i vow, lit* WUM j'till heyou<t
Hi*a wluMt the |i!trlinnient inot in Ortoher
l*'o*!, Ilrretnrneil to Kti^HUtl with liuni-
Finn* in IH No\\ t und jnined Ui* 11 utvhhi^hop in
n tti'i'tM* qiiuvrtd witd \Villinin of latsi^nnn,
hisluip-HidtM't of \Viiu'he:.(ter,otnuf Henry II l\\
linlf-hrnthefH,
In An^'tnif l*N r IN|MJ* a<*(n
Henry III to ( utsenny* nnd hnnily
himself with the ufinir.i of thnt
provinre. Ho puiUMlunl the innnuulinf,f of
noun* \V(lwh .suldiern HO severely thut eet-
tutu of the Ku^lirtU buroiiM, thtnr lopU,
t.hT<'-iit'i*u**tl to leave tho uruiy (/7/ v. -111*).
Htrt uiutio nlsnoHt, inviirtnldy ap|uni*H in (ho
Ilri4 phuv* oil tin* nutnoroiiM let.tew patent
which he witneMhed about thin tiuu 1 * (,^
Jhilw (fttwnHAt I, i!70, ti71,*J7ii). It- HUH Imcii
iuftn*r i d tlntthe wnwin rouHiMjiH'ttn* therluef
of t-he king'V ronnrt! in (hiHrony (Mt f tiNiHU y
j), 101), but it in clem* thnt hi pnu'edence in
nunply'tiu^ to hin opiscopal mult, Towanli*
th nnd of thi* yt*ar Poter wa n^nt on uu
important minn'ton to Alf*m,st> X of OnHtil" to
inyotiatn tlu^ propoHc^'i dotihlo tniirtiagt* of
Mdwnrd, Uu kin^HHon* with AlfonH(/HHHter
l*3hanf>r, and that, of fit*atri<'(% tltn
rnturn from Toledo,
hwactH at HnitriH onH Knh* iyr>.l, *fji
ratitm of IUB ( ^rnvcs nxpt'uww atnl labourH and
hi UiboriouH *wbuMy to ityain/ Ilunry ni*
IVtrr
Shropshire innnorn, und iiiude hnn is pr .- 15" I 1 * -IM-', ; i* - ,r<,,
of thive tmwoiHtHSiinm \\ine f A V7* v f /,)>''-,,, '>', J, *. -^ , -
i, J105, JJ07), Peter wn.'th* tivM \uiiJ, r, \|->v,,i ?/,> !
the king'.s HOU Kd \vurd on 1 1 f*VH, p,Vj'i ;'\ ,'j,vv i * , f, ^ - i, ,
i, JJOi)), lie thru return!'*! to Sp/un iu'!t j ! 1 t;,- <f, < ,- ;
John Man.sel, rind on ."I Mu\ P'.M ^ >- ! -.j^ r , 'j i >ir ,r; '
troalywith AllouMout Toledo, by wKn-li i\w ; <*ui, p. i ,": ' i
Oastiliuu lin^ ytrhlo.l tip IttC jtv f'-r-!* 4 Pu- \>, i, , ; |*.
elainiH on CJnsroiiy, In Uo(ohi'rhM\n'. H oh - <o . f?',*{ U
ileury ad Uordeauv, jMt hetorr flt s |*MI, '-, t /; --// ,
(ltMputilu(l, alun^with ,
tushop <f Kmhnm t tc Ituuuvni l\ t \vlo
March L'5} luul ^muli**! thfNtnlintt flir
,
Kn.Mi'xn* Kvui, ti*, l^i^ I; 1 >
and WH.H imwlhrcutpimi^ to n-i.tkr tli *'*',
if ht'lp won* mt Hont lo'hiui in hu 'Jn?,\
tipiiiiHt, MuniVtut, IVffr vvnfi ^ucjt Vi
powcrHtoinniL Bnf itumnnti iti^hu \upt
in DwonilxM*, uiul IVtn< of Ai^UfMunrl
coitiphvtctl thn nnffotiutioiH with' luii'Vi'in
HiuuM'MHor, AliwiwW IV, Un U April 1:V
Ahjxandcr duly conlirmml iho gmtu f 'tlt
Um>nn to Mdmuwt OH rtninrwli?
of g'ratitw of church ivvemten in Hnituuui HI r,
provide Ilcwy with fumln for puramnjjr I'M- v, h
TuutuiH clainiH. AinotiK th**M* wan u tenth thf
ol ocoloHiiiHtit'al rvonu<sH tiwrnlbitf to llse fliun
ntw and fltrict tuxat.hm, Tills Intler Iw4 (V|t-
originally bon flij,fm*tl to tho miMinh* nnd In* w
I*trhadiuiar>sibtmn apptmitiid wifli ufliew i r lv
to collect it ami lutnd a ovor tn fhtt Idni/ ' i, ft ',J
when ho went boyoiul mi(Huw<, (y, /n/wi/ t} u ,t'
X^r, i. 370). ThoHo xftplHm wrn n- ' own ri-w
aontad with extraordinary bittwwHH by tbn ! ll *r
JSnpliflK prolafcua and mwiantoriw. itnl th IrliHi7
lYifl.irtrt'hv /vf +.1vii %vrti*ii,*-:^ ...i... * ' . ""U,
AM^WU. yiwmwjB njici numaH ujrinN. nt ih ft*.J., t t. .*t,T i "_--, "....
majority of tlio monaHtio dmmirlem itn4w 1 i tt '*" "' frtt ? in * * w ' rim X
Pjpter of Aiguoblanoho of bi K thn mitkiir ' K i wiV I" Th? 1 '" Y 1 ! 111 ^^" i "'' W - llll i k ' s
ofthwrrmn, Pnter' H wiPthodn of Tm .ct r in - 1. ft r ,f i V Jtilt : t h * f ' l*< r^v.'il ft
Monoyworo^rtainlydiarttctoriHi'dbv^nurl ' i </ , / m tl|1|in \ f * >r ^'*'*"imi
chicanery^ According to MutUunv iWm frot il ". i ' j '''''''* ll **'**: *! lP*Hn*
jproditiono Bpiacopi liwVfjrdiHww^^a^Ttb ' n'^n" 41 *?'*! 11 !** 1 ' 1 ^l***'* 1 * 11 *'^ ^'^il^imtt with
from the king blank chartow.^wK ' 'with" 1 * wl s nKllf " lllttl , w ^ mnf.n.v*r liftiHtkwl
various English ptttlates, ami flUod ti ltfm tt {, ' y" |v; ^ItT wV ^ im \^ f * f " * i|lfi ,^ lll ^ il
money to various finna o?^lor!!ntlll n *^ ' ^l lnill lf il j i ** f ly ^ i % nvl. Mniihrw Pw nt-
Sienese bankers who had advancod m"mv t ' ( * OI ? >M * <u . * ri * l ? tl > 4 ' in l^h<|' iwi^fttpuiinw,
tll6 POP OE Henrv'A flArmtm*> n^ *' i' * ttiMt Wi*OH Jtt lilii * |41|tt|i||?fisi <Itrt*||,;iiijf4 * f |itnt|Jif
TO r- / i . A4 '' :uu ,y w llOuOUuL MOHt I)F thrt ttuu**. i' i i * t ^ . J , * * WH n
English bishops and monMt^ir W V !vl ltf (|lt l<wi l(lp w *** < ^^* 4*/^<r, v,
seauentlv ^allLl imAv,T )nftfttftrie<( ^* wm f 7L ilut *.., \f.**u. v
^ q TtS t : e ,i upon i ja y mim rif w< f
^/^tohTve^lLlZ^^^
Peter
Peter
Peter wan a^ain in Kn^Iaud in liMJl, w!nn
he wan one of three persons elected on the
kinijfH part, to compromise Homo disputes with
the barons ( Atw, O>vv/, jn 1 -0 1, 1 1 is past, his*
tory necessarily made hnn a royalist partisan
during tin* barons* wars, and his border dm-
CCHC, where the marchers and Uywelyn nf
WaleH tonic opposite Hides, was exposed to
the fiercest onlbtirntH of the Htrife, hate in
12(W Llywolyn threatened Hereford* and
IVtor, on the proto\t of a Jit of the ffout,
kept- himself away from danger atJ *!onccNiet\
while providing tin nisi loot 1 Herefnnl with
garrison and provisi WN In June hfii.'J Henry
visited Hereford aid wrote angrily t> the
bishop, complaining that he found' in that
city neither blsho} dean f nfUciat, tun* pro-
bendarieH ; and tin letter peremptorily or-
dered hint to take up bin residence" in his
cathodrjil city under pain of forfeiture of
i,
tiMnponditiOH (WiUviN'M, f 1 twt'i/itt t i, 7o'l K
I\i(tr was forcoil to t*Mnp!vs hut th* rf-sult,
justifuulhirtworMt.ioaiu Whon n^ular IIOH-
liHt.htH Intd hrok( k n out in Mny lUHt h't\v<Hn
IMontfort, and tho
to h>ar llu^ hrnnt- of
nwoopcd down on I
lii own catludrul,
sure, wlowh'
prisoner at
\vnH f.ht* very limt
u Tho ImronM
Ilnrolnnh wi/Ml him in
rohbt'd him of \m (n*a-
, am! knpf, him a clow*
UnMthi ( Lihw r/c An-
X) ]), rJ$; RrHHAWiKU, p 17, Uoliw
P.; COTTON, p. IMS)), The Savoyard ranotw
whom INjtt^r had introdntMnl into ilw oat 1m-
dral Bharcul hin fato (F/wfi ///*/, ii, -IHO).
.10vn Urn royalist chronicler Wyltt^ (p, liM),
though nmtikin^ t,lu^ hiironn for Harrih^iotwly
aHHanlting- (jod*H anointtul, tidtnitn that PeteV
had made UimHoIf odioun to Mm nnihu hy Inn
intolorablo oxactioim. Tim marehor lord,
John Fitssalan of (,)lnn now wi/,ui Pt^ier^
caathm at 'Bwhop^a Oall( and Ledhnry
North, and, btung 1 on tlio king'V Hide, WHH
onablod to hold 'thorn until tint bishopVi
death, six ytsara aft^rwardn (timnfoM /<*//,
p. xxii). Moreovflr, Uamo L'l^Ht.range, <sa-
tellan of Montgomery, took viohuit JIOHKOH-
8ion of three towwah'ipH btdon^hig to Lnd-
bury North, and aliotmtud thttm HO com-
pletely from tho wi that in the n,xt r<i^u
they still bdmigwl to Llywdyn of Waltm,
As both these inurohoA were on tho kind's
side, it looks as if Peter was made a wwpo-
goat of the royaliat, party. It is probably
during his pronont diwtrufla that Potur aliwi-
ated all claims to cwtam o.hurchcw wliicli ho
had hitherto contested with St, P<!tc,r T H Ah- -
bey, Gloucester (Hint, et (Jart. M<m. (Hum*
il 276, 284, Bolls Sr.)
On 8 Sept, the king and the barons patched
up an agreement, and Poter, with his com-
panions in misfortune, was released
//l"s'/, II 4K{ ; IvtSftANUNU, 7k
Before the year WHS out he accompanied
Henry HI to await the arbitration of St.
pi;, I',U !7i). After the in IMC of Amiens ho
wtill linevred on the continent, being- diw-
fruMiMl ( \vilh bin unruly diocese, whosn tern-
ponilitios were stiU largely withdrawn from
i MM control* In Kobrnarv IlMH heohtniiuul
from the pone an indul^enco that t in con-
sidenition of his iniprisimtuent and the of her
ills he had nullereil * at. t.lte hands of (MM'taiu
sons of nHlIediction/ he .should nnt, be cited
before nny ordinary jud^'e or pupal legate
witluttil special mandate ( Hi, IMS, i, -1 10).
A ft or i ho l>ttttoof Iie.wt^4 he was with (.J.uoen
1'Jleanorand the ON How at Saint-Hmor, hoping
to elleet an invasion of Knp;land (' Ann,
Lond.Mn Siritiw' CJirtw, f Ktltntrtt I and
/Mit'ttrtf ,// t i, <!, I {(dirt Sei\)
Hefore the iuuil triumph of the royalist
cause, IVtor retired tit Sa\ny, and never left
H^;nin bin nalivt*! valloyH, He hud aUvnyn
kept up a c!t wo connection with IUH old honto,
Besides his ancost ml e^lateH hn had acquired
HomoeccleHiimt teal pretennont in Savoy. Up
to ll*ol beheld the Olnniac urmry of Ymmout
in the, dioceMe of Uelle t \% w dch'm May lt*iV)
he excluni^ed fur the priory of'SaintO'*! leleini
dew MillierfW ( UMHH, i, iJOl). On 7 Hopt.
!l*55 Boniface granted to tho tuw prior tlm
ciiHthMif Sainti^lKdmut, to Im hidil of him
an a fief*
It was now thiit. Peter published Mm
"'itOH lor bin cr>lle,^oof canoius near Ai^uo*
i and, completed the conwt ruction of t!m
deMtintul t> nnjeive it.. He dedi-
cated his foundation to St (Catherine, and
cHtablinhcd in if, a provoHt, pm^nt<r, troa-
flurer f and ton olhor eawuw, tivo of whom
w<r(j IK H< wunly priewtn, antl who we.ro to
pnrfonu t.lm HJTVHIO ac!cordhi^ to the two of
UweJbrd, Thti HtatutdH, dated iJJ April
1^07, were publiKheil for the firat UHIH by
M. Mii^tmr (pp. SJJW ,107), who pointH out
(p, SijUl) that 1't^tor poititedly abstained frcrx
obtaining tho aanctton or recognition, of hig
actH from tho binhop of Manricnu*^ tho dio"
r.Han. Boon nfti^rwardH ho dww up bin will
To hiftnophuWf I*ctrof Ai^uBblanchowbo
had Muecewlad to thelordHhip of lirian^onniul
th hftatltthij) of t-li* IIOUHO, and wa^ at a lat,r
pariod th favourite friend o f 1 *etifr of Savoy- -
!u> loft- nttrly all tlic property that wa uot
bftqiieathcid to tho (snllenffo of'St, Oathnnno*
Th witiiofiHHH to th will included several
cartorm of Ht Oatli^riiM^i, !I diwd on ^7 Nov.
IS(JH, and was buried, m he had directed, in
his collegiate church, where, in the fifteenth
century, a sumptuous monument of '
Pt-tor " IVt.r
WJIH erected over bin iviiww^ Tbr ni.w*. f!m? h- y/,,'1. ,; -n t'jvSnt.I < w, 1 , v-Ai/WH.
me,nt ami great' purl of the ehureli wnv i'- ' ; - ,/ '. \. I' . 'In-.i/f^ m ?!K Tmvn-
Idurimr th' Freneh Ue\>1fi'>n, If ft H^* 1 ( < v> {"< IM^I;,/ m lite inlien-
HCfibed and" 'pan ly figured in* Arelr.* id- ^;n-/ u-,tv wH V", f ;v, }, >. lodhrr, \tmtlj r
in, I SB, Tite surviving pml ion form,; ih(* I'-umujJf, i^<^'i" \ ^'nf^n^ *lnve him
present, church of Uuuden'% ^ *n\ny t?,*m tic- txati-'n nj H'-ret'-m!, How-
woof of Hbernlitv not only at Au:n'tr|l\ '.<(,! f,\;,,^,i/ /'/.
benefactor of the rathedml If he jwrKM
1h(M k hnpter\vith bin HuHfolli, he .*.!iow'l *< ul
in f<mung mm*iWulent cnnon* to rr-ide t"v tire h,tv*h * liiv^Jt^u'-t ir, ee^X f. that
luilftluiyeitr hi the fhurrhes where they h"M , ti n^ . l^n, \ i-*'v tdo fh'e-.o of llrrefurd
aprehiMid,iutd tnmnkingthem|ru*e'd tt t he \%n^ n-i *4 T)HI h^s-d * llmv untntu*/ \u-
In 1*JH hi'n new HttitttteM on th"i> 'tmtr M-itti-h"', v\,n . ju-rhil'-'U^'ji *.|" i-vtlup and niM*n
duly received papal rontir\nntiim i .lii"", *if'I t^r"f;'v.L ol uniU^n ! o\ Innneent IV
1,^0). Hi* wits eelihrated in the rhmvh *f to lui'ht n hfie'Ss* 1 *' tn I'l'irsili?) fit* b>n,j iw
Ilon^fonl for hirt hng and Htivution,'- drteth'o he v* 1 -!'!*-'! ^? flrSMt'*l ,ut,t jnif \ir*ir, in
of the Ubert.ieH of hee and chapter HJMUH-I h nlhrr rhnivhi- n Hi r'i, t, ' IM :^ ef, |i, ;'.'UM.
( th(i oittssonH uf Hereford and other ivln-1 )u l;*.'i5 t lhtur\* r t. uu'i uHo^Mi ti\e venr 1 *'
of lloltuo Lacy and gu\ r o it to liw t-lmreh, j tteiffonl iiaU- wm? ( ntln-r ifpheua,
appropriati^l tlw church of Ui^klit^'ton t>> Aiumit u*l \uuen*", *!' \\!i' i $o th* tunr t
tho triMiHiin'r, gavo nu'tn'H^ ami t*huli**\ ve-^t * . \\ho liei'mti*- ehMier|!nr if !lcri't'rl, jer'
inonts and books, and varimw retiln t,U^-| f-inn'fl leuan,/" tn I *l h S f' ( fit*' iirehhi*hfp
?w//fym, vi, liiHi)* l^etet id.no left hutdi IH-H- i >f Tjit'^nftir-.e for fh< tMr*!ihij uf Hmneou
during two hutidred bushels of eorn tor f In* tin liespl of liin, fiumtv i!lv.o\, ,W wi"i/v.i
chsrlcK of tho <;athsdrul nud iw inm*h tor fmtw t'hi&f^tiY r'eeo ^iititiyttt 1 itm */i''<c'e.sv"' ?/e
1h poor of tho city. An regards the fatirlr ^V/rir t /i/r^j^/*''^.U<i/iv^V'i''\'. l i t l. I S VI )
ofhi church, ho iH*HOwetimeH repnted to he Nnr were ftte IH"!IH|/; nller Knr-folli in'g-
the buildovof tlu^ btHttitlful iu>rth-\v^t trim- leeieit, lltHliruiljrf, iltr rlorK, IIHUH**! Master
He.pt of Uorofotd Oathodral, though in 'UM Aittt*'n<\ WU-MU |i,'l." pr-itni^'it lv Henry lit
proHOnt form it, IH clearly of luttT dute, He- ' n ln-tirtire \\ortlt ; i\fy warK f.A**'/-^ //KAVOW^
twoen this and this north end uf the choir- i ITr,').
ailo IM onusted a numpt .UOUH tomb for him*
aelf, \vlucli rtunaiiw tho otdeht monument to jl ; nm*;**K MnKi*'f'H l,*^ ^iH^y.irdM 'i Anftlo-
a bishop of lloreford, and w certninly the ' k y r *^\ XI U* '*Mv "t Ps^nv d'Aj^u^hltiuetm
most striking monmnont in thti withmiral, t<HmmU'*ry, Uiyni inn wfelul IMH th.it viUHtw
The delicacy of thu (totailn of *iu. w.nU*ti.^ ' nwrty ml itint n KII**W al*.uf I**i*n\n
is thought to Btiggtmt Italian rather *than M 'ivy** t'*itnjil*t ivijrriiei"* i tlt
English or French modttlfl, Thti hiHliop in ' J mt | l , u "| ?' i "' 1 '* ln j'" Jl* " J*J
represented in the efttgy witli a beard uwl !?"J | t^, fiLjria^bu'H^*^ ilid' d!!!^*!!
moustacho (lUvMHUA^/'Wt Hmfurttrn*?*) t|i W4m t' 4 Lj*< i,,hT''*' iitmuhv fnlin f
pp, 176-7 j Monumental bwHytiim* uf lltrf** hiHtory, Wr#i,i(i'ttMv!p*M IN -htp <l*r '/
/orflJ, p. 8)* The raonunwnt "m iigurt^d in von *Snv'>vnf (i vnin, iWn IH'*1}, iil'*o <*muiiH
Havergare 'Fasti UwdordcnwiH; plati xix, trnportmif iinti?** of lViIf, KJH'I ' tlm ftmrth
It is not clear whotlw it romamwl a w,nio- volnnrn a?t aji|mfiiiin oFortKimi JtunuuHiti, my
taph, or whether, after tho very common of whtrli illtriit hin fitrrW, ThiM-IuWori^iiml
custom of the time, eomo portiotiH of tlw - wnif^n iiH4tl Matthew V*w** lfit, Major, iv*
bishop's remaina were brought from Havoy v.wtiivuAttunJn** MumtwiiiMKlMrtiHiMthriarm
to be placed within it, It waB gtmwrallylw'* ^ firt * * ; *^ton, !{U4tnit|(e*"H tlihi, Aug'l (itlt in
lieved at Hereford that tho body lay thon* HjMKMw,) ; Kiftenntw jtnll of Bif*ho| Hwifiil^ld,
and the heart in Savoy; but tho revurai HiKhnujrur'i* (Jhntn, l t!ell^ tbnth t ^CiVimdtm
seems much more likely, Hm%); Hym^rV KoubrA, vol. i* ; |{4rgr" HigH*
Bishop Peter's younger kmtfolk ww <* a ' Il "> m ;*; fc l IV r WW, *l rKwilo fwtn;wrt
amply provided for in 1m church at llm^ ff ^T ; f ott!pwr< * f f^ W(llt ^ >!"**"' !
, fori He appointed one ofhiu nUcwg K| "? ttll !i 6 Ilfl 'J Kiri ;, Iiwn ' ft 1 "*! "J?, 1 " f mni ;
T/vi^ 4-^ ^xv ,r>^^ > tr / v i i m ,r* TOwitit (IftrrtiiH'uw, Hint* i HMNMH Uiiloiuliiff *n
^^^ I l i!ttn^IiitrM{impaUrttWvi.l,L;l'rittirfqu
uncles death this John claimed hw Englwh m * M * H ^ m (/ H ^,rw, in Ucrurmnitt * ' -
lands as his next hoirj but it IB not clear Hiwwgftt' Fiintillwiurdwi^i U X-
Peter 6
Ei'd. Angl i. 450-82, eel, Tlimly; Godwin, J)c
PruesulibviH, 1743, pp. 485-6 ; Pmllott/H Diocosan
History of Hereford, pp, 76-82.] T. K T,
PETER OK loiniAM (Jl. 1290?), chro-
nicler. [See "
PETER MARTYK (1500-15(52), re-
former. L^ ee VKKMJGLI, PUMTRO MAKTIRB.]
PETER the Wru> HOY^ ( 1712-1785), t a
prot6<>'6 of George I, was found in 17^5 iu
the woods n<sar llamolin, about tvventv-livo
miUvs from llanovor. In tho wortls ot con-
temporary pamphlotoors, Uo wan olworvod
'walking on his hands and foot, climbing'
trees like aNqiurrol,and fiHHUng ou griiHM and
moss.' In November ,17:25 ho wa deposited
in the housnof corroc.tiou at Xoll, and in tho
same month ho was preaontod to (loorg'o I,
who happenod to bo on a visit to llanovor,
Tho kind's mtenwt arid curiosity wore ox-
cited ; but tho wild boy WUH not favourably
impreSKodj and escaped to his wood and toolc
refuge in a lofty tree, which had to bo cut
clown boforo ho wa recaptured. In tho
spring of 17:26, by tho kings command, ho
was brought to Jinglund and t oxhibitod to
the nobility,' Tho boy, who appeared to bo
about fourteen years old, was baptised and
committed to tho care of J)r, Arbuthnot; but
he soon proved to be an imbecile, and could
not be taught to articulate more than a few
monosyllables. In tho meantime the cre-
dulity 'of the town had been put to a severe
test. In April there appeared, among various
chapboolw on the subject, a pamphlet (now
rare) entitled t An Enquiry how tho Wild
Youth lately taken in t he woodn near Han-
over, and now brought- over to England,
could be there left, and by what creature ho
could be suckled, nursed, and brought up,'
This work, after demonstrating that the
phenomenon had been predicted by William
Lilly a hundred yearn before, diseusaocl the
question of the wild boy's nurture, and re-
jected the claims of the BOW and the she-wolf
m favour of those of a she-bear- Dean Swift
arrived in London from Ireland about t the
same time that the wild boy came from
Hanover, and on 10 April 1726 he wrote to
Tickell that little else was talked about, lie
proceeded to satirise the popular craze in
one of the most sardonic of his minor pieces,
* It cannot rain but it pours; or London
strewed with Rarities, being an account of
... the wonderful wild man that was
nursed in the woods of Germany by a wild
beast, hunted and taken in toils ; how he be-
haveth himself like a dumb creature, and is
a Christian like one of us, bein 2^ called Peter;
and how ho was brought to the court all in
VOL* XLV.
> Peter
green to the groat astonishment of tho
quality and gentry,' This was followed at a
short interval by a squib written in a similar
voin, and probably the joint production of
Swift and Arbulhnot, entitled ' Tho Most
WcmdtuTul Wonder that ever appeared to the
"Wondor of the British Nation' (17^0, 4to).
The topic waa further exploited by Defoo in
' Mero Nature doUnmtec, or a Body with-
out a Soul, being' Observations upon tho
Young" Forester lately brought to town with
miiluble applications' (.17:20, 8vo). When,
in 177f1, JamcH BuruoU, lord Monboddo
[(\. v, 1, was preparing 1 bin * Origin nnd Pro-
gmsa of I jaugMiaffo, 1 he wobwd on souie of the
moHt gTOtewquo teat urea of Swift's dascnrptiou
of the wild boy, Much UH t hat ho neighed Like a
hor,so to oxprasH IUH joy, and |)imsci<l them
into the Borvloo of hi8 thoory of tho lowly
origin of tho human race, M on boddo f H com-
parison of the wild boy with an ourang-
outantf in extremely ludicrous (Orii/in and
Pm//vw of JJftHf/tMM/fi, L 173). Aft noon a
tho first oxcitcnunit about Petor liad flub-
sidotl, and it was OHtablLshml that h wan an
idiot, he WUH boarded out with a fannor at
tho king's cx'[>euflo. ,Ho grow up Htnnig and
mviHcular atu. waH able to do manual labour
under careful tmperviHion ; hi iuttiUigoncci
reznainod dormant, but ho developed a ntrong
liking for gin. In 1782 Monboddo visited
him at Broadway Farm, noar BorkhampHtead,
whore he died in August 1,785, A portrait
of the ' Wild Boy,' dopieting a handnomoolcl
man with a white board, wa ongravod for
Caul field's 'Portraits of Ilmnarkablo l*r-
aons/ A manuscript poem on the* Wild Boy,'
called* The Savugo/ '^ among tho manuacriptB
of the Earl of Portsmouth at HurBtbourne
(Hut M&& Comm. 8th Hop., App, p. 6S).
[Wilson's Wonderful CharnctotH cotitaiuw a
long account of tho ' Wild Boy/ with varioun con-
temporary d<*w;riptionH and a portrait. 800 alno
Timperloy's Kncydopaedia of Print inor; Bwift'w
Works, ed, Scott; Gran^or'H Wonderful Muwnun ;
Monboddo's Origin and Pro^roHH of LanpfU^* 1 ;
Arbuthnot's Works, ed. Aitkcn, pp. 107, l"H f
47*5 ; Notfft and Chiories, (Hh aor. vol. x. ; Wil-
liam Leo's Defoe, i, )i.] T. S.
PETER, DAVID (1705-1887), inde-
pendent minister, wa born at Aberystwith
on 5 Auflf. 176/) When he was seven years
old his father, who was a ship carpenter,
moved to New Quay, Cardiganshire, As a
boy he showed great quietness of under-
standing, and when he had studied for some*
time with the Eev, David Davlos of Oastell
Hjwel, his father, who was a churchman,
wished him to become a clergyman. He pre-
ferred, however, to join the inacwndenta, nml
became a member of the church at Penrhiw
Peter
IVtcr
tlu' clii
-(ul
wi met bit TV flint to* *tnv*"t*t 11$
*, :|tt *rf tJw w*r t*** <v** j^yi'M**,, ft, I *ty, itt thti Ttwtt*'
" g* tlw 1 ' Fwttwli If it w* him In lint Itt1n*if*
.JfiWrtJy8<jiitiMliii*Awt*iNlnfl;m/ Ain$ff% hi* Ano "
f4e!4'ffi;Vi^prti<fti l ttilSif nf
* ! 0*i? tif Ilpf*fCwr*} f
i? It piiifttbit^ iw ^iffi ti s I*! tin
f ,tutt 0t|ty tt; Aigin4rlii* t ttx%*il t
Iflli tit! ft llrt ti** At i _"
i 111111^44*11
i**il fr In* n4 i
, .... ._,. ff flti iff ii
M : n tie IP 44 it tbft
* flii frf tllif J* Ajfr
r ff fllW tlf
. ' *f Hill Hfttfliil
_ l ^,,_ , . of Kit*! titfttWiwHl liy fiittiictitnt tV
li* if mi in llw f ttwfcli nl ; l*> n in nn tftfifpiu
*; for lit wA fiifftfitri/ liM a! fiiitl jitit. 'jit"
tttft ^tefllttlp Iil*r|||frt|||$ffl4f^{}ll4
, iHit III III lift* f/
"it^ nf |>l I, l| f lil) {>t%r
j t^i'
! Itel!litt|tit li I iiit! if tti*i lif:lii!i* f
1
ill l<i lilt*
flf % Itw :
ill* A
tip
$it|'^
s $ , in * tin HP! 4m i ." *
A it '*!-! ** j i;r II<tw q" l''i-
il
I**'' f'ttiiflllli^
i f * r * ^ P 1 r 1 s '' ' fc * tH tt Mw i
'>
'HI
'it
M
iffw)
.'Sllld^ i|ii f i
*fti'
''! ^
utu
"
f
Peter
Peter
Eccl. Angl. i. 459-82, ed, llnrdy; Godwin, De
Pmsulibus, 1743, pp. 485-6 ; Phillott's Diocesan
History of Hereford, pp. 78-82.] T. F. T,
PETER OF IOKHAM (/, 1290 P), chro-
nicler* [See <r ~
PETER MARTYR (1500-1562), re-
former. [See VflttattflLi, PIBTBO
PETER the W;a BOY (1712-1785), a
prot%4 of George X, was found in 1725 in
the woods near liamelin, about twenty-five
miles from Hanover, In the worda of con-
temporary pamphleteers, he was observed
'walking on his hands and feet, climbing*
trees like a squirrel, and feeding on grass and
moss,' In November 1726 he was deposited
in the house of correction, at Ml, and in the
&ame month he was presented to George I,
who happened to be on a visit to Hanover.
The king's interest and curiosity wore ex-
cited ; but the wild boy was not favourably
impressed, and scaped to hie wood and took
*etug* in a lofty tree, which had to b cut
down before he was recaptured, In the
spring of 17^6, by the king's command, he
was brought to England and 'exhibited to
the nobility*' The boy, who appeared to be
about fourteen years old, was baptised and
committed to the ewof X)r, ArbutJhnot; but
3bi6 soon proved to "be an imbecile, and could
radt b taught to articulate more than a few
monosyllables. In the meantime th cre-
dulity of the town had been put to a severe
t0s^ In April there appeared, among various
clipbook on the sujject, a pmmpEet (now
" , entitled * An "Bncuiry now th Wild \
k lately taken in t!# woods near HJa-u* i
, $nd now brought* over ' to Bii^lajad, .'
il b thMft^fcft, and -by what; cteatiwr ta
* be 6uoi,!d<!L} iiiursfedj and' 'brouwlbit ttp/ !'
tityflr ilit the
w%,a
oflh wild k'
;!!
M , i iji
'^t^. t'fcuit ft
Jtt
*t'(xwit tlte'
%ov ci-aifr ftom i :
,,11 WC* 'I^'uft lirt-jJ!;},', II ,
l wi Ai ' tUjBPtti hyhyf 3t
green to the great astonishment of the
quality and gentry/ This was followed at a
short interval by a squib written in a similar
vein, and probably the joint production of
Swift and Arbuthnot, entitled < The Most
Wonderful Wonder that ever appeared to the
Wonder of the British Nation^ (1726, 4to).
The topic was further exploited by Defoe in
'Mere Nature delineated, or a Body with-
out a Soul, being Observations upon the
Young- Forester lately brought to town with
suitable applications' (1726, 8vo), When,
in 1778, Tames Burnett, lord Monboddo
[<! v.]i was preparing his ' Origin and Pro-
gress of Language,' he seized on some of the
most grotesque features of Swift's description
of the wild boy, such as that he neighed like a
horse to express hi joy, and pressed them
into the service of his theory of the lowly
origin of the human race* Monboddo'e com-
parison of the wild boy with an ourang-
outaagifl extremely ludicrous (Qri$n and
Progrrm qf Zetnyvffff*, L 178). As soon as
the first eycitement about Peter had sub-
8tded, and it waa established that he was an
idiot, ho was boarded out with a farmer at
the king's expense* He grew up strong and
muscular anc. was able to do manual labour
under careful supervision ; his intelligence
remained dormant, but he developed a atrong
liking for gisa, In 1783 Monboddo vieiteci
him at Broad, way Farm, near Berkhampatead,
wltoe h died in August 1785, A portrait
of tlie 'Wild Boy,' depicting a handiowoli
jaan with a white beard, was engraved for*
Caulield's 'Pqrtraits of Kemarkable Per>
sons/ A tnanmiotipt poem 6n tfce 1 Wild Boy,'
ciXM'TAeSftvtttfe/ ill among th manuscripts
of tibe Baxl of Jfortsmotttfc at Hu*rtAx>ufcne
MS& Oomm. 8th R0p., App. p. '68)^
conl,ai::is a
a por^ait, : Bm i
of
T, ;
,
who;
i:tfe^ AI
Peter v< lvtl ' r
itwnw! utpmiflHfttt^^Y 1 ^ i^' VvnM.\tv,ttu MV! Vw Jwy, wliw,
win*
, i.H
f tV
.unt-ittt r ui .hi-.
itfWMi nt ,^,m
,* l^tttm, Mr-t
Iwrtnl n
a iwwu-
t'* tit*
tit
rliuwh,
brokitn
It wtm
wrtn'i**l, m hMtin, Ml, l*'niw*t*H, only
Swwtt-*Vn' W* *Uii^t;f s f iuil Ji-tr'f< "f *1'hn Tli*mw <rf
r,4tl*iKvrr nm..r(*m w Vrrt^-*Jml%<WtiwnU. Hlw
Itim/wiM* iWm t'l v ' | tf\!*^ 1 ^
*'* ' * ''' * * " 4|Uii in l^M* WH** Mw, Hamli
^^^^
tnmslnwmirtwmjiiritu- *1 - - it f!iw , t i t , r M f TS^iwi, \V^i\m^n of
--* ...... "
lu
Qw
known
l m 4 wiy l* 4
n Iwn tor-
to th bi^irinninu of tlm ....... - . t
The book is cm which nhow* wrly 4
wadlnff, and It to few fr<tt ^tarmu liitw,
Tto ftr*t ndlilon him iw^Il tti it t w*
graved portrait by fllrnni,
[Ham Kglwyil Aiby wwl Cymry, % R***
ndThomMJi J fe * ***
',
rw^ "***- (ITHR-lHIfflJ, piH-
tloian amd poot,toni at Hartyn, Ht Mrrytt
OorawftlL on n Mwch 17HR f wiw thw *UU*t
scm of JJtanty Pte (& tB3i ), who tnamwUim
M June 1782. Anna Maria, yittup<*tJawtr
of Thomn Horn of VlflWwfleW, MmimimtU-
Ure. He matrieulatud fcnm Christ CJmwU,
Oxford, 27 to, 1808, ami pjrwltiatwl B.A.
19 Matchl807 M,A,7 Itac. i**^. Aftwr Itvtwjj
for a fewyeow kLmdw whwulm ww* atlml
to the bar at LinwlttV Inn mi *M My Wl5l
ie returned to Mi native county and iw4tW
cm hi property, which had ten wtwli tiig-
mented by ni* inatrUg*** ^Ilabeoainea jwtla*
%}|,n tin* tinthr *r wtito^oft
iglit H ftp* iVmnit Cmm, in a
l^tlrf fr*!w ii riir*t$ftirf t hin tlHmwn-
ItittviV tHlfti "?tnl nht,, with wiHiaHriiWji
inMiiiMtis i tW- l fc AW*tihU'fwr ; vm/Jjrt-w
* Hiiwh^ f Hir Hwmu*1 Utniy m tlw
liiw^'irf t^.ww.mN 1 tH^U* y**k; tiwnmr
tiv IViwitt v*t, I |f. vii !i ; 4, <****&
tiriitir n iilf*ttniif*4 f%riipltrtw w
Itriiifttttrti r ^*mw l\irt.if*tH ami !*****#*(*
tin* 1'imltfW.Uv W. rfi< IH'^i wwydiU;
w ;ili .iHi.v ii'tumm. h.v *ft I*ytntm^JH*H*
4,
I*ittwir Ii ItmVWii., iiiiiiif>ii t . .
L^rffwmiiii^M'^t'*^ 1 ^ ^
tiwit^ nmtaininic n Hln.H Jlinn^w of JW,
\rtt ttf flit* Wtiiit Af miwtttmtttm, t^fl
til 4 ri lV 4 WiilmiT,tl t frcim tk ,
tif H**tiHt*r* with iMti*M ami Uluww-
by tile f wii
wn
ww
: of Boclwfei 1
the -poll on 11
te^wii At tli hwii4 of
i^b nntl\ l
, ,
my. . be warned fa'
7.
,
Mary Hnwrt, *r.m ttw
,' wi ''*
of
WA
Ift
o
vw wa In tlw
Si. Ooiwnl* Ottmn
Wtio
<tUKwg tt bocto or b< tiw
; IW'fl edtt PIP-
Peterborough
Peters
niacences of his native pariah are in the
'Complete Parochial History of Cornwall, 7
iii. 32L There was printed at Philadelphia,
in 1842, a volume of letters to him from
Job R, Tyson on the 'resources and com-
merce of Philadelphia, with Mr. Peter's
answer prefixed.'
[Foster's Alumni Oxon, ; Allibono's Diet, of
English Literature; Uoaso and Courtney's Bibl,
Corniib.ii. 463-4, 1310; BOHHO'S Collect. Cormib.
pp. 7'24-5; Uerit. Mag. 1853, pt, i, pp. 441-2;
Mrs. 8. J. Halo's Woman's Record, 2nd edit,
pp, 870-1; Parochial Hist* of Cornwall, iv,
51-9.] W. P. C.
PETERBOROUGH, EARHS OF. ^See
MOKDATOT, HKKJLIY, second KARL, 18ST4P-
1697; MOJLIDAUNT, ClUKMBS, third EABL,
1668-1735.]
PETERBOROUGH, OOXJNTEBH OF. [See
ROBINSON, ANASTASIA, d, 1756.]
PETER1 OROUGH, BENEDICT o
(d, 1193), reputed ehromclur, [^ ee JtoB-
BIOT.]
PETERBOROUGH, JOHN OF (/, 1380),
alleged chronicler. [See JOHN,]
PETERBOROUGH, WILLIAM OF (/.
1 188), theological writer. [See WILLIAM*]
PETERKIN, ALEXANDER (1780-
1846), miscellaneous writer, was bom on
28 March 1780, at MacdufF, Banfftihire, of
which his father, 'William Peterkin, was
] >arish miti tor. Ills father waa translated to
Leadhills, Lanarkshire, in 1786, and in 1787
to EccleHmachan, West Lothian, where ho
died in 170:2, Alexander 7 !* education, begun
at the parish school, wan completed in Edin-
burgh, and he closed IUB imivwaity curricu-
lum as a law student in 180,1, In'this year
he was enrolled in the fir.st regiment of royal
Edinburgh volunteers, feeling with Scott
and others that the time needed a strong
civilian army, After a full training in the
office of a writer to the signet, Peterkm was
duly qualified as a solicitor before the
supreme courts (8, 8, 0,), and he began Ma
professional career at Peterhead before 1811 as
'attorney, notary "public, and conveyancer.'
He was sheriff-su'ostitute of Orkney from
1 814 to 1 828, when he returned to Edinburgh,
For some years he combined journalism
with his legal work ; he was connected with
newspapers in Belfast and Perth, and fa
18&8 he became editor of the ' Kelso
Chronicle.' ' A whig of 1888/ PeterMn was
a strenuous and unsparing 1 controversialist,
and had occasion to test the advantages
accruing from a splendid physique and a
training, lie left the ' Keleo Chro-
nicle' on 27 May 1835. In his later years
he was known as a leading ecclesiastical
lawyer, while still devoting his leisure to
literary work. lie died at. Edinburgh on
9 Nov. 1846, Peterkin married in 1807 Miss
Giles, daughter of an Edinburgh citizen, by
whom he had two sons and five daughters.
A lover of literature for its own sake,
Peterkin numbered among his friends Scott,
Jeffrey, "Wilson, and the loading contem-
porary men of letters in Edinburgh. Ho
was a vigorous and lucid writer, his earlier
manner being somewhat florid, and hia po-
lemical thrusts occasionally more forcible
than polite. His writings 'on Orkney and
Shetland may be consulted with advantage,
and hia learned and systematic 'Booke of the
Universal! Kirk ' has a distinctly authorita-
tive value.
Besides numerous pamphlets, miscel-
laneous papers in many periodicals, and an
anonymous tale of Scottish life, * The Parson-
age, or my Father's Fireside, 1 Peterkin pub-
lished : 1. Tho Rentals of Orkney, 182Q,
2, 'Notes on Orkney and ZotlanS/ 1828.
3. ' Letter to the Landowners, Clergy, and
other Gentlemen of Orkney and Zetland/
1823, 4. ' Scottish Ponra^/'lflaa 5. 'Com-
pendium of the Laws of the Church/ pt. I
1830, pt.ii. 1831, supplement 183(1 0, ' Me-
moir of theEev. John Johnston, Edinburgh/
18,'U. 7, 'TheBookeoftheUnivemll Kirk
of Scotland/ 1889, 8, < The Constitution of
the Church of Scotland m established at the
Revolution, 1089-90, 7 1841, All were -pub-
liflhod at Edinburgh, Peterkin also edited
Graham's 'Sabbath/ with biography, 1807 ;
Robert Ferguaaon'a 'Poems/ with Tbiotfi-aphy,
1807-0, reprinted 1810; dime's 'Life of
Burns/ with prefatory critical review,
1815; and ' Records of the Kirk of Scotland/
1838,
The elder son, ALBXAHDBB PDTBWW
(1814-1889), was aucoessively editor of tho
' Berwick Advertiser/ sub-editor of the
'Edinburgh Advertiser/ and on the utatf
of the London ' Timea/ from which ha re-
tired about 18/58, owing to uncertain health.
He published a poem, 'The Study of Art/
1870,
[Information from Peterkin'i second ion, Mr.
W. A- Petarkin, Trinity, Edinburgh, and from
Mr, Thotnat Craig, Kelso ; Scott's Fwti Eccles,;
Cuwitw's Books and Pamphlet! wilatiag to Or&-
mj and ZetUad.) x B.
PETERS, CHARLES, JtD, (1605-
1746), physician, son of John Peters of LOIH
don, was born In 1695. He matriculated from
Christ Church, Oxford on 31 March 1710,
graduated B, A, in 1718 and M, A, not till 17S4
'
Peters 6H Peters
Dr, Hiclmrd Mend [tj, v/| wnrnnrutfinli him t ' in ?hr Munich rhim'h, h* wiw rurnt of Hfc,
ntudyttwdipiwsftndVnt him ft ropy of il^iw Ju* HI li'tnrhmd, <'trnwnll % from 1710 to
edit m priuwpH, printed nt \Vrotw in U* f $U,*f I7!*\ \\hrn hi* wn;* nmmiht*d ly Kliftitht'th,
that Lntw po*m of Hinmymtm l l >H<^fftf*wr< Ktr m*"- M>thun, In t fi twfury nf IWomum
yutitl*Kl*Hvidulw/wlii<"hhHMprovidi'dt.M*i (( 't>' io f?*rt^ i*utM), I to tvttyttn^it tJtin* until
tillcs nanu^tor ti lonjf iriM of pnth<h#it'nl I7v*-'i i*i dormi? In* im'ttmhrftcy built tlw
ph('ttott)tYNtv iVtrtn puhliahwl nit t'dilitw nf Hufh front *f fli* *dd f*Ht*'*iUii(*hmtH{\ with
* Syphiiin mvtt Morbun Unllit'UH 1 in 17*H If, tin* ttp;trfitintt<* ln*fml tt, On 10 1)^*, 1721
*w a quarto fltu*ly printinl hy .Imtnh Uowy**r i***f 4 t' wir iuMt(Mf*d ti fh n^tiry of Brut*
at the Uon tu Ht I*aut* I, liurrliyiiffl^ 4 , IHW t1tvrli>' t H<>iiimduris nnd iu Siov^mbrtr
IKIH a portrait, of KrnHi*ntri ^ngrsivwl Iiy i tTi'H \vnn np|nnt 4 d In tin* rwtwv of Ht
Vorttttt for frwitiapiw*. Thiu^mtont** nf th* : Mulitti in hir imfho * unity, holding Iwth
dwlicnliou t-o Mtutd indicati* that tht* mind of in'f*Timnf mini hi:* *!ti It, " 1V tln tujor uf
thtt tulltw wiw inuro (H*<Mipi*<l witli litt*wtfy N, Mnhyn lt^tt'iti' i ryrliiirifiWt*; turn, ht*intt
than with ntdimtifb qtuvttmnii, ftr th* **nl? ' ltt?t^ ; If tmirrtnl k !$* rduoatrd tlu* two
tviluHton hi* tiijilc^H to tin* rout*'tUs >f th* ' idl**t KOHH of hit* i*td*r lir*tli*f, Hodiiuiat
pootti id to ofltH* otn^ndiMtotiiM tf IlifH* IIII^H Ht Miihyti n II Frt, i77i uud ^'uw huricd
(bk ii* vw HHhwHi 4*H und hk< iii vt*r ! t }. ; in ih** rhttutvd uf th>* jri;4H'Jttif*li on l*J K*tb.
tie la naid tohfcvjfruduat*d M.Uttt l^yd^n ', A purtrwil tf him in il h4t*iigi4 to Arthur
in 17*24 1 hut M nnniu do firl imjwir in .' CVmjir Uunvnrd ifj, v,;
Ptw f ock f l tndt*x/ UK wftin*liHni n Uwl* | !*i*'ff k*'W H*fir*w wrll |hy thn tnt-
cliffs tniv^llinu 1 fallow cm tii July I7t! r , ntl thu'dnt' l***hvhid IIH wtw riilliil Mlt* llwt
grnduatHl MJSauui llJKatOxfunlfiirtHXnf* : Ilrlsfinv *H*ti*tftr tn Kun|i***K luul at Hu
I7ft& In 17*^ hu WUH ttp|>tntt*d phvut'irtn* ; Mivbyu h* wtw ntd t^ punun hw Miudim
extraordinary to tlw kingtitiul wn nWt*d ft ' with*ut tufrrfMptMm. {it I?al h^ ptthltuhwl
fallow of thftCoUttffttof i'hyttit'iatmof hottdtuk ,. * A CVitiritt UittMTlafiou on thi* Ilmi
on 10 April 17*U) > mwhih ywir Iw wtw nkti > wli**ri H* tniinnanl NV^rhurton^
appomt6dphyaickrt^pnriiltthtHtmi?* II pfM\**t th< twt*k*H nntiijiiity, tiitd ...,.,...
WAR phyftici&n to Ht, U<w>r(fw*n HoMptttu frotti : Kfffitt*4 thnt it futitrt* ?ttat*t wn thti popular
April 17311 to February 174I\ ami wiwiiw^wtir j \w\int cf tin* tn*i + nt Jtnv* ir Uhtww, A
inthoOolli^of Phynituaiisiu 1744 ;hut illii**w ' i**'r*u4 *tlif,ttfii<*iTvti s 4 aiut with n l^itK'tlty
preyaitted him from wirviti^lun full period, 110 ' pivfkf** **f ninety |*Hff*"* np|Hifcrl iu I7f7j
published in th ' PhUo^ophtettl IViwiMifcriiww 1 , 1 h* jri*f<*i ww wt** ii*u*d w< .ittnit**!
(yol.xlui)ml744'-A t < Tht)(1amiofiiI l ttmm bit* burhin* in tint ti*liw to th* * I>ivlrw
by a Mad Dog, 1 a papt^oti hydntphohU^ iti of Mwrtm/ nlwuyn wmto t*rHttumptu(tu<
which he exprewes a faYouraiin dpinion w I**'f**w Tl r*A**rt **f lti^Iip t*wth l\
t<> the uA^falttftM of warm battw iu that UtU'fVWjHlf,, In hin prtuttni l*t"tir to
disease, He died in 174fl Thtrti aw two .' lurt*n flTtlfti wins flitit *l\w wry
letters m his hand to Sir HawBloiwits in tlw ; tm<I ttwmtmH |rwnt t * Mr, I^tn, (m-.. ,,,-,
British Mufteutti rafwrmg to hk Wlwhip* !, Isw ttttinic^iuHt *. t^triiW* IIUK** from which
,- -. r tnotw tfchltwWiffi r rmi*iliuK m \^ l * l IH .* wl fT, IW llin *V
Fellowg by Dr, J. B, Niw r kindly int by t-lw i V^Ww*"*^ fl * t' f p * An Appnuhic to. the
author; Munk f A Ooll. of Phyn* iL 14$*, Fi^wti^i i ^'numl I,Hwi*fliiti*iri *in Jcib, tfivin^ it
Alumni Oxon*; Lowdon Mnp*iw i74<t, tt, Self; i ^** ir A<t*>unt f th llK*k of K(4iii
Gout, Maj? t 17404 p. 27 S ? Work ; Addft, MS, " with a nj*ty l wmw of Warhnrttiu'w *
4055, ft 186, W, ia Btit. MwfcJ H,M. wl In !7lfl h mm put ting thti ttj
PETERS CHAM Fft n(JO 1 77 n ff ' towchw * Vl *. w ?7 ** ltt J w * ! *\^;^JtWhtc:h ww
rjjjx^js, utiAKUW (101)0-1774), Jin- i nvir tuhl Wtt*d, hut i l*tw*i*tidi
f ^ scholar, bom at Tregotty, OwnwiH t <m ' with hi tttmr tiwiuwrrlptu,
I Deo, 1690, WM thB eldest child of Hleiitwl Aftw tlw ihmib of lifw% In
Peters af that plaee. Tile nttiuaimt in th with u Amlm-^mmmHl two ? p*
laroomai Wmuoryof OornwaU'(ltlSW8"4) ' vioiwly AV(4ttmctorbi<MrmcmiwaNpvtnt4
T ws ancestor w n Antwerp nuneoluiit in J 7/11 b y W nnphii w Jonat iwii^ T*W of St,
wno nea to togiand to 6oa]m pwwMtttiony ; Oimrnmt, wttr Truret. Hwini nxtimctii m
may be dmmwfied from ooiunxUrabionu U* tht frlwti* ww mwUtftttoiui, wnd
w^ wetted at v rrwomr whool ttndw Mr* ' of l%t wi in i^dwlml^ii *
Baddo, and taatncuktM ftom Exeter Col- < Bkttolei * (I aup w, 17 -j^H)
fe ?7 x Smo! ^5&*!8ffi ^ B rr ! ?w^ ^M i.
.- Wiur a batteler of Ms oollej ten T ffi 4 !! te? raW^J2L rttl ?'
!kob'i Lit tlliiimtbtti^ fill
Peters
6 9
Peters
Biogr. Sketches, i. 71-5 ; Gout. Mag. 1795, pt. ii.
p. 1085 ; Lowth's Letter to Author of Divine
Legation pp. 23-4.] W. P. 0.
PETERS or PETEB, HUGH (1598-
1660), independent divine, baptised on
29 June 1598, was younger son of Thomaa
Dyck wood alias Peters, and Martha, daugh-
ter of John Treffry of Twflry, Cornwall
(BoA8ta, JttibL Cornub. ii. 405,iiL 1810). Con-
temporaries usually styled him ' PctWH ; 7 he
MSpas himself 'Pater.' His elder brother
Tiomas is noticed separately. At the ago
of fourteen he was sent to Cambridge, where
lie graduated B.A. in 1 (117-18 as a member of
Trinity College, and M. A, in 16^2(GABBIM Fit,
Great Civil W'1r,iL 3%*)* A sermon which
lie heard at St. 'Paul's about KJiJO struck him
with the sense of Ixia sinful astate, and another
sermon, supplemented by the labours of Tho-
mas Hooker, perfected his conversion. For a
time he lived and preached in KHex, marry-
ing there, about 1624, Klteuboth, widow of
Edmund Kead of Wiekford, and daughter of
Thomas Cooko of Puhnuirsh in the aamo
county (A Dying Father's Z*//% 1600, p,
99; Ml Cornub, iii. 1310). This marriage
connected him with the Winthrop family,
for Edmund Head's daughter Kliziibeth was
the wife of John Winthrop the youn#or.
Peters returned to London to complete his
theological studios, attended tho sermons of
Sibbes, Gouge, and Davenport, and preached
occasionally himself. Having been licensed
and ordained by Bishop Montaigne of Lon-
don, he was appointed lecturer at St.
Sepulchre's. ' At this lecture/ he says, ' the
resort grew so great that it contracted envy
and anger, though I believe above an hun-
dred every week were persuaded from sin to
Christ' (5>//wy, p, 100). In addition to
this, Peters became concerned in the work
of the puritan feoffees for the purchase of
impropriations. He was suspected of hetero-
doxy^ and on 17 Aug. 10527 subscribed a sub-
mission and protestation addressed to the
bishop of London, setting forth his adhesion
to the doctrine and discipline of the English
government, and his acceptance of episcopal
government (PKYHNH, fresh Dmovery_ of
JProdiyww Wandering Stan, 1645, p, 38),
But, according to his own account, he * would
not conform to all/ and he thought it bettor
to leave England and settle in Holland. His
departure seems to have taken place about
16:29 (A Dying Father's Lout Legacy, p. 100),
In Holland Peters made the acquaintance,
of John Forbes, a noted presbytenan divine,
with whom he travelled into Germany to see
Gtistayus Adolihus, and of Sir , Edward
Harwood, an Bnglish commander in the
Dutch service, who fell at the siege of Maew-
tricht in 1032, It seems probable that Petwa
was Harwood's chaplain {Ifarlrian Miscel-
lany, iv. 271 ; PETE KB, Last Report of the
JSnyluh PFan?, 1646, p, 14). About 16:W,
or possibly earlier, he became mimnter of tlv*
English church at Rotterdam. Sir William
Broroton (KJ04-1661) [q-v.], who visited
Rotterdam in H>tt4, describes Peters as 'a
right zealous and "worthy man/ and states
that ho was paid a salary of five thousand
the Dutch government
guilders by
of Sir William Brcreton^ Chotham 800. 1844,
pp. (i, 10, 11, 534). Under tho influence of
their pastor the church speedily progressed
towards the principles of the independents,
and Peters was encouraged, iu his adoption
of thoao views by tho approbation of his col-
league, the learned WLliam Ames (1571-
Km) [q.v,], who told hhu * that if thoro
were a way of public worship in tho world
that Q-ocl would own, it was that ' (/Mxt Jfr-
portj p. 14). Petura pnmched the funeral
sermon of AWKB, and had a hand in the 'pub-
lication of his potitluuuouH treatise, entitled
'A Fresh Suit against Koxnan Corunionies ?
(Cat. Mate JPapw, Donu 1031-3 p, a 18,
HW4 pp, ^79, 418).
The English government, at tho inst Ra-
tion of Archbishop Laud, was at this time
engaged in endeavouring to induce the Bri-
tish churches in Holland to conform to^tho
doctrine and ceremonies of tho Anglican
church, and its attention was called to the
conduct of Peters by the informations given
by John Paget and Stoplum Golle to the Eng-
lish ambassador. lie had drawn up a church
covenant of fifteen articles for the accept-
ance of the mombers of his congregation,
and showed by his example that he thoupht
it lawful to communicate with the Brownists
in their worship. In consequence of those
complaints and disputes, Petera mad up hia
mind to leave Holland for New England
(1'lANBtriiY, Hutorittal MwtwriaU relating to
the Independent^ I 534, ii, 24S, 300, 372, iii,
189; CaL State Pamr^ Bom, 1038-4, p.
SI 8, 1685, p, 28; Brit Mus- Addlt Mti,
6394, ft 128, 146).
As far back as 1628 Peters had become
connected with the Massachusetts patentee^
and on 80 May 1828 had signed their in-*
structions to John Endecott (HTJXCHWSON,
IIuto^ofMa8mchmf,tt^JSa^ 1705, i, 9). Hi*
relationship with John Wmthrop supplicid
an additional motive for amigretion, and he
also states, that many of his acquaint an 00
when going for New England had engaged
him to come to tliera when they" sent for him
(Last Lego,&/i jx 101). Accordingly, evading
with some difficulty the attempt of the. Eng-
lish government to arrest him on his way
Peters
Peters
from Holland. 1'fltew arrival nt Hoftttm it* !
Octotor 1G35 (Atew, Jlbt* A'o* ttill, 5th *wr,
Oti 3 March IWMt lw ww admit twt t* ,
frcwnan of Mfiaelitwtt% Aittt on Si I IH**% i
following; wtw t*itiibKh(Hi as iniuUtot *f tlw
church at Salfitu From the* vry lirnt Iu
took a protnhwnt part, in all tlw JitFuiw <f th* :
colony. Ue bttgttn by arranging, in etmju ac-
tion with Henry Viuu* a iwtuitijf btw'*n _
Dudley ancl "Wlnthrop, in ordor u t i t!Wt a >
reconciliation tatwtum thorn, HUownviwit, '
nftwoll as htAconnt^titm with thj* Winthrop
family, bd him usually to at*t in harmmiy
with Wmthrop, In itcciumftHtiwit muttaf*
iPetera wa at tlu time Itw literal than \w
Butequtmtly broanw, U diHttpproviul nf
the favour which Vano an governor alunvwl '
to Mm. Hutchmiion, and publicly tvlwktKl j
him for coking to rwtruiw tho dt'tibwitimw <;
of the cltirgy, tilling him to emimckr IU.H '
youth and short exwriMK'.e of tlw thing* of
God (WiNTUKor, J/w/orv '/ -AVw Kttyimd) '
ed ; Savagii, i, iiOSJ, 211, Ml, 44H), At tlin
trial of Mrs. Itutdrinmw in November 1(1217.
Peters waB one of the chief ami^ro, and
endeavoured to browhc^at a witnw who
spoke in her favour (ntMNiwof,
tfMaMMhwtftt* /%, 17(15, ii. 490, OOH,
lie also maintained orthodoxy and
finiJH iif!lrif*tit tn wt tm font th
tmNiitrttfl* And ' lijf a nmn of a vwy pub-
lie ?'*pirii tun! wttpniftr nativity for all msra*
Mmf/ ho jiwtuwnl tttitftw it/ join liim in
Iniililiiig ft ftlit|i, in imltr llitit th coitmiU
tniitiit b Ifttlttml ly Inn oxnmpl^ to provide
liipj4it|? nf thinrinvn, ^On nmttlmrooctwion,
wln'ti thf rnion^v ViiiMtu tlintroHH for pruvi-
Httw f IVti*rn tiiitiglu tin* wl(l* lading of a
i*liijt iitl ri^nkl it to tht* ditl0rut commu-
uitirPi lircitrfliiig fit fhinr IHHH!?*, ai a much
Itww ratt* than tht\v cwilii hnv purchawwd
it fwtt thi* i^rdint (tA, i, 2HK^La k 21
ilitt^,
In Hlil tin* fortune tif th t*(>hm j wore
jfrmtty tillu i**il liy ihiM*1yifigiHl jiituatiou m
KnglBiifL T!II< Hir**i4Hi of MwigrAtion Htopptnl,
triuh* <!*<* f^tiwnl , iitu! it wttM thought ni(?(w*
n^iitl thr*Hi M^ntH t I^n^lnnd who
tijtftwut fliti nw** tif tho c4(iwy to
t ftwi niml to tin fri*iid' for
Williams and others, and utiltwd
lion of one of lua flock to warn tho
to take heed of revelation* and to nwpct tltti
ordinance of excommunication (//i, i, 41*0;
WJOTHIOP, i* 336), More to hw credit MTWW
his successful endeavours to appease thu <li*
eensions of the church at Piaoataqun, and hii
mdefatipfatte eal in preaching (i// i221 ^M
li, Mj jnfaM. J/wt $o$, Call. 3rd MHT. ill, ICKJ),
Under hie ministry the church at 8$1 and
the whole community increased in nuwben
and prosperity (0. 1st set. vl SfiO),
Ecolesiastical* duties, Iwwever, ooeapiad
only a portion of th time and enmy of
Poten. tie interested himself in the found**
toon of the new colony at tha mouth o! th
Connecticut, and endeavoured to reooncik
the disputes "betwwa the finglwh mtilm
therfe arid the thxtofc {Wnmow*. ii, W> fc
Xdftieoeed by what he had wen k HolkncL
Be inadQ the ecojoonde development of the
-csolony Ms speciiallca^e. :b one of He fiwt
eerzpons at Boatiw !bte urg^ the' govetnweitis
'to take .order foj; employment of peopi,
(especially women atoct children) fi tk
winter ttoe, for he feaued ihw idieae
would be the ruin of both : Awcb, wd
csotnmonwealtii/ Ee went froto i^aw to
* !abou*iiig to mis w> men to a
of e^irit; till
ono tif thi*M* ttgontp^ in Hpito <F tho oppnui-
lion f MttdtHrott* Thoy worn nUo charged
* to \m yofttly tt urmko w* tf tiny oppor-
t unity (lot! ho\tl<! oilor fttr tlio giwxl of the
country lioro t ri nl?*n to givw any
w it litntli hn ro^turml for thp ^
th right' form of ehuroh iUm'tplinn
With thiH comhinmi oodowiiwtlriil ami corn**
rf Ittl mifimtm lVti*r loft Now Kngland in
ill II (to. il 510, J}7i. U* HuwwMl
m mmdiit^ )irk efmsutotlitiow to tlto vnlu of
5(KW, for th mlrmy j but fltidiiiK thw fulfil*
mmt of M tniiori ohntntcttul by tlm din-
twwstionR of th tiiiu^ atut IUH own meaw
running hort, IVtoro aecopifnl tho pt of
ehfipl&m to tho fortum wwncl by th wlvon*-
turtiw few tint miutttton af In4ancl, From,
Junn^to Bop ttiw b*st 1048 h norvocl in the
abortifcs ifX^iHlition oommaiuiotl by Atex*
iwicltir, lord ,7ojpb% and wrotn an w*,etount of
thtlr prooiffdiiigii (* A True liitlatlon of the
Paisaps of Ood'i l^rovidouci) iu a Voyage
for Iriilwid * , whtwiu isvtwy day'a work
ii iit down iWihfully by 11* F* an- wt,^wit-
new thuwof/ 4to f li^li eft OAUTB, Omwndi'
II 816 1 WiriWMK, Mmtrtol*, III 105)*
On lik roturn to Knglaad Peters uptedily
"bemme promlntEt in aoafrrowsy, ww *wa
; politico* H mooched agtlftit Lund at JUm- 1
"aethy poka aiawtpotfully of him during
his trial, aad ww wid to h^n
that the ardhbUbop chould b
lo!i to
r 60 j
1646| p* W j
tte
Peters
Peters
lie published, with a preface of hi own, a
vindication of the practices of tho indepen-
dents of New England, written by Richard
Mather "<j. v.], but frequently attributed to
Peters Himself (' Church Government and
Church Covenant discussed iu an Answor of
the Elders of the several Churches in Now
England to Two-and-thirty Questions,' 4to,
1643), In Sept ember 1048 the committee
of safety employed Peters on a ininsion to
Holland, there to borrow money on behalf
of the parliament, and to explain tho justice
of its cause to the Dutch (OaL Clarendon
Papers, L 244). AH a preacher, however, ho
was more valuable than as a dipicmuitiat, and
his sermons were very eilbctive in "winning
recruits to tho parliamentary army (Ku-
WAKDS, Oanyrtimd, iiL 77), lie alno Iweame
famous as an exhort or at the executions of
state criminals, attended Richard Ohailonoi*
on the scaffold, and improved tho opportunity
when Sir John 1 lotham wan boheaawl (Huwu-
WOWTU, v. 328, 804'), But it WUH an an army
chaplain that Petera extorted tho widoHt in-
fluence. In May 1044 he ae.eoniptmied tho
Earl of Warwick in IUH naval expedition for
the relief of Lyrno, "iroaelwd a thanksgiving 1
sermon in the churcu there after itB accom-
plishment, and wan oommiHisumwl by Warwick
to represent the state of the wont and tho
needs of the forces there to the attention of
parliament (Cal^State Xtywrx, Dom. 104-1,
pp. 200, 27 1 ), Thin wn tho prelude fco greator
services of the same nature rendered to Fair-
fax and the new model. As chaplain, Ptsters
took a prominent part in tho oampaigiia of
that army during 1 1045 and lOiO, whenever
a town was to be assaulted, it WEB his busi-
ness to preach a preparatory sermon to the
storming parties; and at Bridgwater, Bristol,
and Dartmouth hie eloquence waa credited
with a share in inspiring thoaoldiwH(BlHitaoB,
Anfflia Iti'divura, pp, 77, 102, IHOj VICARS,
i?urw%/^^104('),p. 108). After a victory
lie was equally ^edective in persuading the
populace of the justice of the parliamentary
arms, and converting: neutrals into supporters.
During the siege of Bristol he made convert ft
of five thousand clubmen j and when Fair-
fax's army entered Cornwall, his dwmatclum
specially mentioned the usefulness of Pet era
in persuading his countryman to submission
(SPRTGGU, ;?. 229 j Cal. State P$w-*, Bom,
1845-7, p. 128; Mauler Peter* $ MeMayfffrom
tiir Thomas JFairfa# f 4 to, 1645),
In addition to las duties as a chaplain,
Peters exercised the functions of a confidential
.agent of the general and of a war correspon-
dent* Fairfax habitually employed him to
represent to the parliament the condition of
lus army, the motives which determined hie
movements, and the details of hi successes.
His relations of battles and sie^eH were eagerly
read, and formed a semi-oilicial supplement
to the general's own report a. Cromwell Ibl-
lowed tlwujxamplo of Fairfax, and on his behalf
liters delivered to the Ilou^e of Commons
narratives of tho capture of "Winchester and
tho sack of Batting House (Siuiioaia, Any tin
Jtedmiw, m 141-4, 150 3). It wan a fitting
tribute to Ids position and his services that
he waa selected to preach, on SJ April KM (J,
the thanksgiving Hormon for the recovery of
the west before the*, two houses of parliament
('(iod'n DoitigH and Man's Duty/ 4to t 1040).
Here, us olwmlioni in his sermons, he
handled the political and oitil quest ionw of
the moment with an outwpoken courage and
RomotimoH a rough eloquence which explain
his popularity EB a pwialu>r. Jlo pluadinl
for more charity botwoon the socts, for IOHH
bittenuwH in tlu'ologioal (x>ntrovtu*sy, and for
uioro energy in the reform of abuseHand wKiial
evilrt. Among t lie indcpinulontB IUB inllutnce
wan great, and he wan Htyled by one of Inn
opponents 'the vicar-gonwrtil and metropoli-
tan of the inclc|M^ndeu(a both hi Old and New
England * ( liIiuvAHUfl, Otwyrtimtt) it. 01 )* But
motlerati^ nuin among his old friends iu Now
England ludd that he gavo too much coun-
tenance to tho extremer wecta (MawMhwwttx
Hint. xVoa Oulf. 4th sor. viii. "277). The pr<w-
bytovinuft generally wmirded him with the
strongoHt avornion. 'All hwej* wrote Baillif't
in HIM, 'tako him for a very imprudent and
temerarious man r (Jifttwa, wl Laing, ii.
1(15). Them OB Edwards eagerly ftorutimmtd
his sernionH for jiroofs of herey, and proved
without difficulty that they contained expros*
sioim against tho Hcots, tho covenant, and tho
king; and even mdepmidtmta Hka Ht* John
wwo shocked by aom spocitnonH of hin pulpit
humour (ttanyrttW) iii, l!20"7 ; 'fhurlw
PttjiflrfyL 75). No ona advocatwl toleration
more strongly than Fetara, but hift argumtmts
were rathor thoao of a aocial rofonnor than it
divine* Ho regarded doctrinal difforemcew
as^ of alight im])ortancOf nuggnBtud that il
aiiniflter of diifertmt viw dinod of te
together tholr mutual anixnoHitiiMB would
appear, and that if the state "W}M put
evary one who spoke against either prefiby-
tary or independency, till they could define
the terms aright, a lasting raligioua peace
might be establinhed (PwBias, Zat J?
port tf tfa SnglUk Wan, 1646, 4to, pp. 7-8),
In the same pamphlet, which wan derisively
termed ' Mr, Peter's Politia/ he wt forth his
political viewa.^ Now tibtat the war was
over, a clone alliance should fee wade with
foreign protentante* .Mid at. home the refor-
mation of the law, the development of tradej
Peters
and the nropn^nticm of tho tfosprl shuuM bo
vigorous', y takou in hnnd (i"A, pp. * 1-U, Ho
added in a vindication of tho Hnny.piihlMiM
in tho following your, a list of t wont j wo*'*"
Hury political and worm! rr forms (,l If
fur the Armi/$ 1(147; IfarlrSttn Mi*
v. (107).
During tho quarrel hotwo<n tho army nnd
thopftvliiunont, IVtorsnotod throughout with
tho, former, prourhod oft on tit- tth hondtninr-
totH, and vijjfortwHly dofondod it;* no! it HIM, U*
protostwt on hin ttuU tlmt ho hnd not hon
privy to tho intended aoijuro of thi Kin^ nt
llolml'v, not tahwi part in uuyof tho imw'rt
eoniicilfu Jn Juno UU7 ho had un iutorviow
with (JhurbjM at Novvuwdkot,fftud\MiH fnvottr-
ably roc.oivod by (<hiirloN t who was toporiod
to havo naid Hhat ho had oftoti hnm! fnlkot
him, but did not, holiovo ho hnd tluvt wolulity
in him ho fount I by bin diwournon/ Sulwo- ,
quraxtly ho hnd UOCOHH t< tho. km^ nt Wintl*
wot, and, according to hin tnvn utatomont, pro-
pounded to hm majoHly throo >vi*ys to pro-
Horve lutiiKolf from daitgor (Ut>Hti^'ourft
llwtwMi vi. f)7H t vii, Klo,, \\\\\ i
I'- 1^'^t Triml i\f ttw /iVf/?WV/<%
p, 178; ^1 ('(M/erMCf bftuwn tht A7/?//V .l/o/i/
J&KG&llant Mttjwty and Mr, l*ct<w tit AVw*
market, 4to, 104-t),
When tho ftocon<l civil war lirokt^ out,
Peters took tlw Hold again, and did f^ol
service at tho Hit^n of Potuhroko in prH'urin^
puns for tho boHiogorn ((,*/;/< wW/w//f/ t p *^)),
He also hdpod t.o raina troopH in tho Mul*
land cpuntioH, and ncgotiatod, on hohulf of
Lord Grey of Groby,for tho Hummdirof llw
I)uke of llamilton at ITltoxtitor, In Now
England it wan commonly roportod that
Peters him aolf had capturtHil Hamilton ( The
Northern InfotlfyMwr, 1<!4H, 4to; BuKNKT,
Lives of the Dufws of Hamilton^ od, 1 HfiiJ, pp
491-3 ; WtM'timov, ii, <iJJO),
Rumour also credited him with a nhaw in
drawing up the ' Army Uwnonntranco ' of
20 Nov. 1648, and Lilburno trm him tho
4 grand journey-man or haoknoy-ttmn of tlm
army/ In the discussions on tlie 'af<nmi'nt
of the people' he 6'?ok on th luuioHnity of
toleration, quoted tie example of flolliiud,
and ( urged tlie < officers to * tamo that old
spirit of domination among Christiana * which
HBB, Great CM War, iv, 236; apm,
11, 89, J59). The royalist newspapers rowre-
sented Peters as one of themstigatwa of the
king's trial and execution, whicli ha denied
himself in hia post-Restoration apologias ; hut
his sermons during the trial, as was proved
by several witnesses, justified the sentence
of the court. In one of tbem lie took for hi*
text the words ' To bind their kings in chains
Filers
intd thnr itnbb-r* wUh fi'tlors of iron, 1 and
jipptird to ('IwrtoM th* dnuinrinlion of the
Kin# M|' Hnln \i\i\ \\i l'-ninh \i\ v , IH lM) (f^. jj,
Jll > ; t U H>t M , U, i V , .'i U , f I I ; '7V/n/ <</" f/^
>\uNrvi"iitr(i wtllt ti I'nni in mnt riving* l*ridi^
l*!ifg<*/ though nil h* tlid wus f rpb*timo two
of thf ins|i't'ion*'*l iiu'inlr by Fiurfax'a
fithifd with *h* \vunl 1 *' !y th* n)\vt<r of tho
dividual ro\nlr^n lVlM*h oftun nho\vod gn k nt
kitidur't'i, und iv t lu'ifruU in ItJtU) UnwnHablo
foprodwii oortitu'Ht*^ IVotu th< Kiirlof Nor*
\vu*h und fb* Mut'uui't of \Vunvstof \proHH-
m|,' t h"iv f luusliM fr lu M^rvicfri toth^m, At*
llnnuil>'f< funl jil f o in Mnn*h UUO, Potow
\vurt out* uft In* \vit ur? iisM tin b<*hnlf of tho duKo
( Trittt itf th? /irtju'iilrnt. p. lVv; HrHNKT, p,
Tltr (fnlIihHnf of tho ivjmblio nitd iho
omt of fhr wur ^*fnt<*l to *ri IVtrrn iVoo to
rrfurn to New I'ji^titn*^ utul nt. intorvaU
ninoi* 1*1 1* ho hiiil unttttiutoiut to \\inthrop
boi iutctif i*n of i'intuflun^ it^Htunn HH posHihlo*
Hi;* wtlo hui! br^li di'f*putoht ( d thtthor iti
UU". * My Npirit, 1 h* wnt in May 1H47,
* lln*st* two or thr**o y^ur.M huth IHHU vt'^ttoHrt
ubout wiy Muy hor*% utul nothing tuidor
hcuvoti but tho oKpooinl hunt! of tho Lovd
oouhl ntuy lino; I pfuy tt"MU'onII tho country
we*/ At ouo tituo* howovor, illiioasj tit- <in-
ol hot* tho urroHwity of liwt di*pwinjjf of liift
1 pftiporfy iu KM#iuHit) ill oilu*rH tly* htntti f
puldtc iitfiui"H prt'v*utui IUN dojwrturotiVtfw**
">V,^ir, r//,4*hi*or. vi. HW, 110, 1 1*2). Ho
IHO Urtuinod bv III** wtwh to awiiM iu tho
Ooiiiw*4l in Au^ruht liHIK i'otorHluudod nt
Ihthlin on IU) Autf. f hftviitjhf IJIH^U otttrtwtrd hy
tho goui*rul with tho chitr^o of tirin^in^ up
tho Htrn^lorn h^ft In*hititi at Milton, Havou
(I UHIUNKK, llhtm'tf^fthf(^mmtmi^Uth fund
. J*MtwtitMtfr % i, 1 H'i Ho WK ono of tho fSwt
tOHtuumvutotiiofnll(f Dr'whodittottM* jiArlw-
twout , wu proont t tlm ttu ;>1 tiro of \V oxford,
, aiul mturnotl ngutn to Kn^iuuti in Ootohorto
| BuiMriutonti tho forwtirdjitK of ivinforcomontrt
itnd u||ilii*w, (Iromwoll ovon comnuHMUinoti
him to t'tUHo 11 ro^itiu^tt of fool lot* won too iu
Xfoitindy but t.hut projtrt HOOJIIH to liuvo fnllou
through, owing to th'o iilnw of IVtorw hint-
lf and to Hi*rn dilHoultioH ruinotl by tho
ooancii of wtulo (( htm-nn^ Aphoriwwttl /^/^*
, ii. siOti; CV*/, fV////f JtywMt I)ow
pp. W, SK), 4;J8; VONOM, Jtow
atWi ItMWi, p, 76), Ftor romainocl
in South Wttln during' tho npiing of 1(150*
em'[jloyed in bgiwiwtioniM.tt<I with the ex*
peditlon, and in |jowuading the Welsh to
Peters
73
Peters
take the engagement of adherence to t ho par-
liament (Crwnwelliana,) pp. 75, HI ; WHITH-
LOCKW, Memorials, iii, 10(5). lie took no part
in the expedition to Scotland, but seems to
have been present at tho battle of _\VoreeH-
ter, and exhorted tho assembled militia regi-
ments on the significance of their victory
(GARDINER, History of the ( bmmwi wttM ,
i, 445). According to tho Btory which ho
subsequently told to Ludlow, ho perceived
that Cromwell was excessively elevated by
his triumph, and predicted to a friend that
ho would make himself king (Lununv, M<>-
wwv?, ed. 181M, ii. i)).
Tho fortunes of Peters were now at their
zenith. On U8 Nov. \(\\(\ parliament had
conferred upon him by ordinance a grant of
iil)0/. per annum out of the forfeit ed estates of
tho Mav(iuiH of Worcester, and ho had also
boen given in U5I-I the library of Archbishop
Laud ( LorddJounw/ti) viil AS^ ; />/*/ Let/(U'i/ T
\), 104). According to his own statement,
'lowever, what ho liad received wan simply
a portion of land's private library, wort'h
about 140/. (//.) When Joint Owen accom-
panied Cromwell to Snot. land an liischaplain^
Intern was made one of the chaplaiuH of tho
council of wl ale In his plan* (17 Dec, U5">0) t
and HubHtupumtly became permanently enta-
bliHhod an one or the preaehern at \\'hit<*haH,
"with lodfjfin^'H there and a natary of lM)t)/. a
year (6V/ L tit(tt<* J*tt]w#i Doin. HKV) p, 47*i,
JOfll p, 72, 1051 -12 pp. i^Wi). ^ Krijl8 from
New Kngland who VIM ted huu thens were
struck by IUH nativity and Iiin iulhiC'Uee, l i
was merry with him, and called hunth(*ArcK-
biflhop oi Canterbury, in regard of IUH at ten-
danco of luinisterw and gtuitlennni, and it.
paused very well,' wrote William ( "oddlng'ton
(Maw, ///W, *SV>r. (hit, 4th aer. vii. -HI ), To
lloger WillianiH IN'terw explained that hw
proHpe.rity wan more, apparent than real, and
confided tlic dintnvsB canned him by tlm in-
wanity of bin wife and itH eflect^ on IUH public
life, ' He told me that law utllid-ion from hm
wifo stirred him up to action abroiid; nnd
when auccenB tempted him to pride, the bitter-
neafl in IUB bosom eominrt,H wtw a cooler an<t a
bridle to him' (KNOWLHH, Lift of fau/tr II7/-
to/w, 1834, p. S301 ; MAHHON, jJfc <>f Mil tun,
iv, 6WJ), In hin letterH Iw complaiuH fre-
quently of ill-lumlth, CNpeeially of melan-
cholia, or, aw it wan then twmwl/ 1 the Hpltum,'
and both in 1049 and again in Klfid he wa
dangeroualy ill 1 HH fVaj wim, tw he* ciptmsecl
it, tliat ha would * outlive his parts * (Ma**.
JKuit. tioc. Cdl 4th nor. vi* 1 \"2).
Whenever Petera waa in lu^alth, hi wit-
less energy led him to engage m every kind
of public btwinafifl, In Mnr<th 10 W ho pre-
sented to the council of state propoaiti'oiw *
for building fri^atew which were referred to
the admiralty committee (Oil. fttatv Papers^
Dom, KM'J-hO), One of tho quoslioiiH he
had moHt at heart, was the reform of tho law.
While in MasHachuHettH h(^ had twiee I.KHUI
appointed on comnntteew for drawing uj> a
code of lawM for the* colony, and in Holland
\w had ween much which ho thought worthy
of imitation in England. On 17 Jan. HJfaJ
parliament appointtid acommit.teo of twenty-
oue perHoUM for tlu reformation of tho law,
of whom Peters wan one. ' Nono of theni/
writes Whittdoeke, ' wan more active in this
bumneHH than M r, 1 1 u^h Pt^tern, t.h( k inininter,
who tinderst.ood Ht.th^ of t-ht k law, but WHH
very opinionativ*\and would fre(ju(nll t v men-
tion Homo proceeding of law i'i Holland,
wh(rein he was altogether mistaken 1 (J/r-
wormAs', **d, I8o;t, iii, i$SH'), In a, tract pub-
lished In July UJ51, entitled 4 Uood Work
fora (lood ^In^'i^^trate,MH^ suiunu^l up bin
scheme of reforms, proposing, auiotij^ other
things^ n re^'istci' of laud titleH nnd wills,
and nu^cHlintf that when that, waw (\sta-
blished t he old nu'ords in the Tower, being 1
merely monuments of tyranny, might be
burnt, (p. J*$), K, Vanghun of (3 ray's I tin
answered bin proposal in detail on lu k |uilf
of (he lawyin'H, and Prynne furiously d(
iu)unee<l I he ignorance and, folly showrun bis
suggestion about tbi* records ('A Plea for
tint ( Common I^IWM of I 1 ] n gland/ 1U51,, Hvo;
* The Second Part of a Short Demurrer to
the Jews long-discontinued Remitter into
Knglaud, by William Prynm%' 1(15(1, 4to,
pp. 1!(S 47). Intheisamn pamphlet Peters
"iroposed t-he netting* up of a bank in London
..ike that* of Amsterdam, the cHlahlishnicitt)
of public warehouses and docks, the insti-
tution of a better system for guarding
against firen in London, and the adoption of
the* Ihttch Hysteiu of providing for t/ie p<or
throughout' i lie (*ountry. Unfortutiatc.Iy none
of these publioHpinted proposaln led to any
practical rc-Hiilt.
Pe.tera did not limit his activity to domestic
aflaiiu During the war with the Dutch in
lOfili and U55l Iw cont-iniuilly endeavoured
to utilise hm influexice with the leadc'w of
the two count ri<w to he.al the breach, At
hiH iiiHtigntion, in June 'Uioii, the Dutch
con ifrcigfiUon at AuHtin Friarn petitioned
parliaiu^uti for the revival of the- conferences
with the Dutch umbaKHndorH, which hud junto
then bet^n brokeui ofF f and the demand was
earnestly supported by OomwelL (Joididcnt
of the approval of thu army lea<i(,r y who
wera oppoH^d to tlw war, Pettm ovwn ven-
tured to writa to Sir George AJHCUB and bid
Mm to demwt from fighting aw coreligiomHtH,
, however, sent tho latter to piwiia-
iVtrtx 74 iVlcrs
\i\t^\ t ami IVtnv* \vHtt Ni-\rr*'l\ ivj'n'.jwn htl
Uwtt'N HupplitnJ by Mr. S, K, fisu'iiso*'* *, In
April ItiiMitht* Uuti'h nun!** tut i% i ;Jnri !*
tu'jjotiiito, A nmtHjifntrnry mvu'u'nt* 1 r*'
pivfUMit** IVtow inlrnUirinj rl : thf I'mv Mnfi'li
Hivov^wnit tnJuIv UMf.tSivtvhu v llmr!**-,
luth* HumtMnimtlj hi* \VMN dr^-nh^l ? pub-
licly pniywfj and prmching tr pntrp, iw*l
i hough it- w wttd f hitt ht* WHH forbidden to hhl
, , , ,,' " ' ' ' ' f, - t*t vittti flHUJ
liny t*jmmutNitimwhlh*HiH!^tt.i-.r:i,u iind-ml .fl,. Iji-.m: thnr w.*rK, At ntm nun*
|HjrobfthhMjitho wnxonhof UiiMm.mun**. IH- r.Mnlh n-nM ilit * tltf* work W u,s hut
"*" i "-- 1! "" ! "intivd in thn niTMttnt of , plnin t*h ut , ntv! fltsit thiTowiv. uo mirh
i28l t KIO; StniUK, tttrt/trrJiMtitS'-ttfiiw . i ; rMiuj",',?Mn.*i"-. MtnTnti'trd th*+' wmK hv r"
X l|^'t, pp. I/hl h _ Hif!j i. nf tNittisfMitiuH',', 4 t'h7 nn^\vi*n'j tlmt
I IhlH HOnOH <lf Utfl'WptrtHt ni'iUsifiMfSfllH ll^ \\ntlt 'Ufrihnl 'Uilll-U h***'iir CA fhi \vtit*lr'
I ^ y ( ( ' " ' * t' * ' M } i^T l '1 f H i ' I 1 MSI *\ ( H IV
,1 by a liuidfthht drnitv to pv\nit ihi i hn*l h b nv htMt'i *r fif*;-'rr in if t liuf<<Jiin'
ruuwion ot protowtunt- blond; but in nnth<r ' *"'*: ttiy>r><\ tVitir*' S t*\ t, *>.*M, TlTi wni
iuHtanco lu^ wmiivtt M'i*mn to lm\^ brrn ti.nihb- ,?uuMdrti4*-nf tn 1 /rmh ini'luMTlmr't's
wmply a wwh to put luwM-lf ior\\iinl j f*r IVtrr:. tn nufnj bis b^irr,, tn \\nih?im*
\\ It(*|l llMlMnntfM \t*nu nmt* i..i .*.. I ...... .. )..... 'i ... i. , J t. > t, ,. * t ,. * .1 *
to SwHlmi, Poti'W^nt by hint to ^tnvn : tMU<vnl ?.}n-nf on t'hr'j.nor of lit** r
;itm a mnhtill' and **a gjvnt Kmtit,h > ttun m flu* nutiu-n t ,V/si, //^/, A-H-.
^ Ol lllH '*'*"* 1 **! H t lj I . J '..>....,.. .,,, , ... ^,. ! ... * i I t t t . > * * I ' . i . ' t .'
by a luttor utatiiy *th*< ivit^mw whirl luul i wr, from u r h n r ( .f ruibcj'/lrtniMU wttirh
W tO t th oxmuttion of (,!hrl*M I tuid th. i hiulul-.d h.-rn hmtutii? nt/uMr>t IUUM /iVw//wwi
oxpulmon <f tho Long parliament, With ' J/.v,( ? , f,KUf/X Utui'l^iJiit Lil*rr\ K Tho
amny apo O^CH for tlu* piwuwptmn of tho Pmti^tur, lo wh<*tn f!tw rbitivr^ wt'pn
Ul ' in ' 1 " 1 *, Whitehwko iuvKt'nt*'dth**mto<'hri,M 4 * *
...i. ^ ......,.* .
......., ,,.**ivunn^ inrnruiru uunii f CM iirt,H utttui(H"'H uiutv\ i) ^hoWra IMS rtnif iutuui rtnt*
!mtmU t "^ njijiMintiitK tVtn^ nm* of thi^
, <t'0i> t( j o* tiiftisi, ttuutyh ifoiti i l I r ii*nj| \vbi*'** huMitiw \\n\ t^ t\iiiii$nt* till
so moan a hand ' (Wimiaonu^ Juwr/w/ / citiuliiitti*j for liviii^H i nnlimtwv x< Maroh
r : OK V 5 ^ IK * ' * * b* Iivi } n^itly itpjtbnV to jwTMmwuv w.w
-mtt tu<* lrctfttorotft, IVt*w, who wtw nniii^ti^ vunv t hh ntM>ro\<*it or t'hmilmttM
a staunch Bupportw of (?romwtU, umtiuul ru**anitful*<i tor 01 1 ll * t ( /^/ A/ /"
to act aB otitt of the regular iifout'lu'im ut ' /V^rr*, Hum. Itlo-J i/i^S^ir^n^UiW'ti!
Wlutohau, but wan morn cloudy r**trii1*ni fHU
toluBT)W)iMiri'uuctionH. Bcmdw inmcliK, I lW*mbcr in:o, whrii Mmn^ti H,m
Jxe took an active part iru'cclwiaMtlculallairs I*nu>i<u*i< ,\lr\*\^nt 3 trnwuhnt hi-4 oHititm
and m tho propagation of th, gt^l in tin. for tlm riMidmiwintM.f 1 1... J nVt V it In J
three kingdom In July I(JT>a he ami othor lVt.m WIIM imi of h m in-t * ^m inVi t It
mimatow had beoninatnictmUocimfw with ciii.u^tii,M,u,^iowJi ?^^^^^^^^^^^^
^erZ S A tnT ^Af' r V ! ding * 5tttH ^"y rot|nril "' '' tbotigh UH had'iidv^
^o i)aP rrJV ' ^ <iland n t0 1>** *'M ^tinl tho raiwnnf t!m JWM f * mrly an KU7,
liUWptJJ, ( \.'(tl>, K!ft-f4t6 i (ttiff'Ffl T /f^tvi IflRt ^ 1 ' i '.,*
5sS% < ^, : ^ J *^- k ^- a ^^
Ks^fgaT t^wfoww pwlly owing to UWuwIth, mul ... Ai W wt
?s^^syt2a^^ s ; <hj ', ^^^^
90 T?,vVi 1/*' t */\ *r *i viUAUuui.p OI Illff SI*rroOIt t'O* tllW MIX! f<tfitU4ttit ttuuttmhla/l
-Ieb.16uO.ana , good evidence is ad- at JJIackheall, to m*B /tKiSSn to
Peters
Peters
Flanders (bfercurim Politfrus, 80 April to
7 May 1057). In July 1(558 ho was Hunt to
Dunkirk, apparently to inquire into the pro-
vision made for tho spiritual needs of tho
newly established garrison. He utilised thn
opportunity to inquire, into tho adminint ra-
tion of the town in general, and to obtain
flevoral interviews with (Cardinal JMaxarin,
.Lockliarft, tho governor, praised tho 'great
charity and goodness ' Peters had shown in
his prayers and exhortations, and in visiting
and roluwing the sick and wounded. In a
ecmlidential postsenpt to Thurloo ho added;
* He returns laden with an aeeount of all
thin^ahore, and halh undertaken every man's
business. I must give him that testimony,
that ho gave us throe Or four very honest
flonwmH; and if it were possible tog" 't him to
mind proac.hing, and to forlieartho troubling
of himself with other thing's, he would eor-
tainly 'prove a very lit minister for soldiers,'
4 lie hath often,' ho continued, ' insinuated
into me his desire to Btay here, if he had a
call;' but the prowppet of his establishment
in Dunkirk wus evidently distasteful to tho
governor (Tinnaow, vii. iW.'t, 144J)).
On tho death of the IVoteetor, Potera
preached a funeral sermon, selecting the
text, ' My servant Moses Is dead' (Hint.
jfl/M?, ('omm, r>t,h Uep. p, 14*1). During the
troubled period which followed he took little
part in public affairs, probably owing to ill-
!icalth. He deplored tho overthrow of Ri-
chard Cromwell, protested that he was a
stranger to it, and deelared that he looked
upon the whole, business an i very sinful and
ruining,' When Mo nek marched into Kng-
hmd, I*etor8 nust him at St. Albann and
preached before him, to tho groat diurnal; of
the j^o-nowd'H orthodox clitiplain, John. .Pricii
(MAHMIJKH, tirlwt Trtwtti, ii, 75(5) On
i24 April, in atiswt^r to Home inquiries from
Monck, he wrote to Mouck nay ing* My weak
head and oraxy carciiHH puts in in mind of
my grout change, and therefore 1 thank
God that theao twelve months, ever ninco
tho breacli of Kichard'H parliament, I have
modelled with no public- allaiw more than
tho thoughts of mine own and others pro*
eentod to yourHolf ' (mawuficripts of Mr. Loy-
bourne Popham)* No profastuonH of pe,ace-
ahleneBH, how*!vor true, could wave him from
sviHpicion. The roHtorod Rump deprived him
of his lodginofH at Whitehall in January
1600, and on 11 May the council of state or-
dered his apprehension. (Val. StaUPape.ru,
Dom. 1059-iiO, pp. 305, 3,'*8, 675, 860),
PamphletH, ballads, and caricatures against
him testified to hia general unpopularity
( OaL of Print* in Jhit, Mu&* 9 flatirical, \.
618, 5^, 0^8, tm, 535-42), On 7 June the
House of Commons ordered that he and
Cornet Joyce flhould h(^ arrested, tho two
boing coupled togeth<.r as the king's HU]>posed
o.xeentionors. On 18 June he was exeepted
from the Act of Indemnity (Kcnnt't fteyintpr,
pp. I7t>, 5240). Peters, who had hiddmi him-
self to escape a])preh(siiHion, drtnv up au
apology for ,UH life, which he contrived to
get presented to the House of Lords, It
denies that ho took any ahare in concerting
tho king's death, and givon an account of his
public career, substantially agreeing with
the defence nuulo at his trial and the atute-
meuts containtMl in his i Last Legacy* (//w/^.
M Ski* (>omm, 7t,h HOJ). p. llfi), Peterfl was
arrested in Southwarlc on 2 Sept,. !(>((), an<l
committed to the Tower. HIM trial took
place at the Old Bailey on l!J Oct. The chief
"witness against him was Dr. William Young,
who deposed to certain confessions made to
him by Peters in HMD, showing that he had
plotted with Uromwell to bring the king to
the block. Othnr witncHses testified to sup-
posed e.oiiMitltal ions of IVtnrs with Crom-
well and Ivetou tor t,he samt^ purposi^ and to
his incendiary wrtnonn duritig \\w king's
trial. IN^terH proved the falsity of the rumour
thai- he had actually boon present on the
sealfold by showing that ho was confined to
his chamber by illness on. tho day of the
king's execution, but he was unable to do
more than deny that ho usod the particular
expressions alleged to have boon uttered by
him* lie wa louud guilty and condemned
to denth (Trial of 1hv lt<yi<>ittt>n, 4 ho, I (KM),
pp, l5*J-B'i), During his imprisonment Peters
* was exercised under groat eonlliet in hirt own
spirit, fearing (us ho would often Hay) that
ho should not go through bin suOerings with
courage and comfort/ But, in spite of re-
ports to the contrary, ho met hm end with
dignity and calmness. On 14 Oct* he
'miached to his feA low-prisoners, taking as
'UH t<x\'t PHalm xlii. II. Ifo was executed at
Charing Cross on 1 Oct., with his friend John
CooTv (<L UiUO) [q, v.l < hie of the bywt-andt^B
upbraided Peters with the (loath of* tho king,
and bade him repent- * TA'ieml/ replied PoterR,
* you do not well to trample on a dying
man. You are greatly rmBtukcn: I had
nothing to do in the death of the king.'
Cook was hanged before the eyes of .Peters,
who was purposely brought near by the
sherifFa men to see hifl body (^uartored. t Sir/
said Potcjrs to the fluorirf, l you have hero
slain one of tho servants of God before mine
eyofl, and liavo made ro to behold it, on
purpose to terrify and discourage too; but
Goc. hath made it an ordinances to me for my
strengthening and encouragement.' ' Never,'
said the official newspaper, t was person sut-
IVtcrs ;< IVlrrs
fMvd dt'Nth so unpinr*!, Mill i tthU'h i 1 nvtvi ^f^cjj jn flu- MfalM^.i M f fj lr
\vhoMt* iMt'Utinn NV^H thu I'!u;!}f of fh* fhr Ntjt hn liiiul {'M|]*'H jtn in ffjn I^uilrinn
poplo' (Mtrwnw ^Vonrv, U 1* *'*'*. ^ 1 .iW.trv. nn,l tciitn nftrirul prints mttl i*uri
JK <r;0; T/icyw?M ttatt IVi^vj* / v,w<*</ i *ifur> i ?MV ! . ? JIM! sn th- Untish Musfum
?/* A/fr* AYty/V Jlii/fji tf, Jt, It'lHt, f'js, a* 1C*; f *,,!ai vUr *f I'l'iM'* utnl lH"H\\iti)< (AVlf/m
/iWW* r* SW/ffa IM'M, lt'*U,|j>, V I Mti, vt i f I *"****, ' *'
Thu poutilnr hutiTii wu** hni'illt dt"iv%rl, ' Prfrr** u-iivuf^l fuin* ; la^it^ I'lii^iih^th
!Vttr hud iMirnrd it by \\hnt in- -id r^thrr d.'*n,;hf r ff 'Ibntun'j < 'onlo^ *f tN'biunrNl/
than by whut ho did. Hi* juMu' -.juntrd I' ' .*\, i^iil ^tl*v. t' Kdtnund IviMidot* \VirKl
oxort'uiuH for lh* |!***riil fiwul uss*! hr Kitnl" i^r.! ui f!** 1 -.,nui' ruunf\ ; .'th *linl nboulf
tu'HHrH to individual ro\nh*itHU"yt' I'ti^r-iff* n, I'ulV. Sn*Mitill%, |H htrjawv Shi'Hi*bl * ^hi*
and only hiHd*num*wtinu of tlu la UK *'l ^- ^hll uln* m ltii'7 HI \*n\- Mn^lMntl'.iind
hiw utturKtt on thi* rl*r^y worr Vfinrmb'-iTil, \\i\ v %tj||'MiJrtI }>^ t-bnffy Hnt>'kinuw A//W.'
Bnrni't tdiamrtcriwrt ban an * tin mthir<w.' rrifu*r S^r, n, "A* *i ii bi-* -i-rond wnw"i*
tical butVoon ' r m'm'hiT, though n vrvy nntni |*'tr. bu tMo*t,iM. i btiV > M's/nbrih, tu \\Jntm
man, who had bnon of gr<>uf trit'toi'voiiittfil, fin * t.a'.t I ,* f,;,ir\ "i-, HtMv*- ,'.(!, Sh** m-taid t'o
and had \wn\ vrrv utr^i*oir iu ^rcv.in^ h*m*ii4nut''fluit'i b-|f ! f-rntilnalMu Vincnm
tho kiti^'H douth with th* minify und rutr- but fb*- AU'WSM'J *l' fin* jr,h^r'M i;, dmnuttiil
L ^00), Urn jnruliirity lisid ^m-u H' iwu'h o/ //?;.;/i htrT,> I t, , p, \iv j Utt.t,<*f th*
odVn^HiH bin \*iolritr*% and |win|hlf.f' wrfit AV- //,-,, -I /V^-r.*, b\ Snnifl rrtiMVi,*Nr\v
compiled which rrlntid hin NU viuyuun! af In \tai n I Mil', ''\o.
lmt<d to him a nuubir of'tunr hF<nt>ur''ii Hu.^h Prtfr.i WHH tlir rvuti
by on Uin'tln t 'u,uisutl*'r Sit
that form<rty hut In bi'i* ron\r-+iut witb thi* u|* iHnn'HMnu M|* tb* t ; n in\.,
author in 1m liiVtiims -tt<j t lUOil; //<^/A tiun, , , \b iM u ri'btUoMoJ' IMM UtiMind'dniill*
/VAvvAw /'^nV^4ti t llUiOK Hi'*rrjuu- ttbi tvtnuun i?i bv tS-irr^i, Ho, tHl? j r*
tion wtw furthtT a^Mttihulin Monfj*ttdfmt*rin jinnfftl tn Hit* Mlurb-iun *Mtfirrlbinii! t ' <d,
charging 1 him with tunh7 1 /,hniirjif t druuki-j^ INtrK, u, ''*", ;* t * ,\ Trw+ Ki-Isitiuii <!' thtl
,H, ndnltery, and <tlu*r oriuum; btii thw I'lni^j^rt Mi'li.ntV i*f*H i4rjic HI a viMitti' for
ii, chap, viii, ; YONOH, Knyhtntf* S'A^//wsM'o t .\futhi<r'-4 rhnrt'h ( J'^rrutm'nt ntt Chtirrh
1(1(1.% pp. 14, 19, L>7, )* T!ny r*H im no <VV*MUHH !i^tM-ni; lt n HU.1, I, *Mr.
(widtmce, and wr wthmiy\h'hid b) Is-irr't* JN'j*ri iVtuii th' Amur's if! /nlv
1 ttr. In ono earn* tlu^ jmbiihtM of th*a* Itit.%, wtflt is. li>u uf il^ rlnri'i^t MilirrfMtrtKi'ti
libius-waftobh^tHl to hwiTt n public njmli^y nt ltri*l^'wifi'r/ ^r,, 4fn, II|!K f, * Mr*
Parliamm^tt f) Si>pt. Itte), An i\nmiim* t, * Th** Full itnd Limi Uplutiimir nil t him/a
tion ol the earner and tlw wntingwitf !Vtr,s ' roiti'i'rninK It'in^ Him,^, \\ith dncrrt oib*r
shows him to have bewn un hont'Ht f Ufiri^hr, i*H^iu'i't v^w^^hinl t</Mi\ Stmkrr uiul
and genial man, whtww dniVcin nf tnt<* nml <li\ w'Mcmiii-rh iti f lw HMU^I* ' By Mr IVti*n*
judpnent explain much of Urn mlium which . wli> iu* JVn I^uiMSrw, iVumw^l/ 4to,
.lie incurred, but do not jiuaify it, 1 I0-|r. 7. Mutr I 1 !*!!*!'"?! Mt'H*w Iroin
In porflon TotwH is ctvHwibud a tall nml ! Kir Thnmnn" l^irfnt with Jh* ' unrrutum
thm, according to the tradition rmirdnl by i of ttm tnUittf of l>rt*imth f 4to, illia
one of hw succewaow at Halm, bttt his jr ; K * Mwlw JlVti*rV *\tmu,. from Sir Thwtuw
traits represent a M^wd,<indftpjftr*mtiy ^ Knirfiiii - . 4 with th** w'h<ii* tnt of tlut
.V 1 j u U ' -"""' -|'r**at| *y ', A'rtHtJU'l* < 4 Wt|* IIP' WIMW* PJUHif' 1H
rather corputo wtwt W|rt ftU ||tt , ^pn^i^ (thm t ..
lac ser. vi^W), Apioturj>oflm,clfwriW iit*tmu<lmjf of thu rriwn* nml Sir Ualph
, uo , v.,^;, ApiOTurpoum,cifw>.a iithtmudmjf of thu 1'riwnt nml Sir Kabh
by Cole, as aiu)wmg * rathar a w*4Woykmg Ho|ituiiV Army, 1 4t, KMH 1>, '(lod'H
open-countenanced mun^WHA format v in titM it^in. t^i \i*I,, ,,,. 4 t ,j ;** ,i^.
uj UOIB, m swowutg * ratner a wdMookwtf
open-countenanced Hiajij J waft foritM^ty iti t h0
master's lod^e atQuewiB'^U^'it-ftmbridffw
f Tlt/<**1i f\"f /'//. MiM ^UA f>- . ... Jl ,. ,_ ' I* 1 , J, v "
ami MitiiV I)uty/ ojirwii in ti nor-
/ rr JT >yi ' ' v n~" """"VM*' 1 **"'"!"^ HWrti pri'itflittl Jj A|*fil UJt'J, 4t* 10, * Mr,
(Jjwri/ qf Atuwia* ,/mrton. L U44L ()tt l%*nf.v I t tit,*i,J*' *!* tin* fi'iufttutt \VH*U
^*^^^^
-, 12mo, 1660, A Iwt of otlom its emiing fli I't^hytwriun'MiuiWw of (hifi
Peters
77 Peters
Kingdom, with the discovery of two groat
Plots against, the Parliament of England/
1046, 4to. 12. ' A Word for the Army and
Two "Words for the Kingdom/ 1047, 4to;
reprinted in the ' Harleiun Miscellany,' ed.
Park, v. 007. 13, 'Good Work for a good
Magistrate, or a short cud to grout quiot, by
honest, homely, plain Knglwh hints given
from Scripture, reason, and experience for
the regulating of most casea in thin Common-
wealth/ by U, P., lL>mo, 1051. 14, A pre-
face to 'The Little Horn'-sHoom and Down-
fall/ by Mary (Jury, Ii2mo, I ()")!. 15. ' /Ktor-
nitati sacrum Torronuni quod hahuit sub hoe
jmlvere depot-nut llenrioiiH I rot on/ Latiu
versos on Henry Ireton'n death, fol, [1050J.
10. Dedication to 'Oporum Uulichni Amesii
volumen priiuum/ Amsterdam, lllimo, 1058.
17, ' A. Dying Father's Last Legacy to an
only Child, or Mr, Hugh Peter's advice to
his (laughter, written by his own hand during
1m late imprisonment/ liimo, 1(5(10, 18. 'The,
Case of Mr, Hugh Peters impartially com-
munieated to the view and eonmirVof the
whole world, written by his own hand/4t;o,
1(5(>(), 11), ( A Sermon by Hugh Peters
'preached before his death, as it was taken
\>y a faithful baud, and now publisher! for
public information/ London, printed by John
JJeat, 4to, 1(5(50.
A number of speeches, confossionn, Hor-
mons, &e., attributed to Peters, arc merely
political squibs and satirical attacks, A list
of these is given in ' BibliotheeaOomubienHis,'
There are also attributed to Peters ; L 'The
Nonesuch Charles bis character/ Bvo, 1(551.
This was probably written by Sir Balthazar
Uerbier I q, v."|, wlio after the R<.ntoration as-
serted that Peters was its author ((htl. tftttta
/V J >'* Horn. NWl-2, p, 79), 2. 'Tim Way
to the Peace and Settlement of these Nations.
, . , By Peter Cornelius van !fturick~Zee/4to,
1051); reprinted in the * Bomers Tracts/ eel.
Scott, vi. 487. .'*, ' A Way propounded to
make the poor in these and other nations
happy. By Peter Cornelius van XJurick-Xco/
4to, 1050. A note in the copy of tin* latter
in Thomason'tJ Collection in the British Mu-
flcura, says; 'I believe this pamphlet was
made by'Mr, Hugh Petc^re, who hat.h a man
named Cornelius Ulovcr. 1
[An almost cxhauRtivo list of the matorialn for
the Hfoof Peters iHgivon in Boaso nnd Courtney^
Bihliothocn. Oornubiousifi, i, 465, iii* 1810. The
oarliewt lite of Peters IB that by William Yongo,
M.D.~ England's tShamw, or tho unwitHking of a
politic Atheist, biag a full and faithful rela-
tion of tho lifo atnl death of that grand impostor
Hugh PetWH, 12mo, 1663. This in a scurrilous
collection of fabrications, Tho ftrat attempt at
au impartial biography was an historical and
critical account of Hugh Peters after the manner
of^Mr. Baylo, puMiwhod anonymously by Dr.
William Tlan-us in 17 r )l, 4to, reprinted, in 18M-,
in hin Historical and Crit.ical Account of the
Lives of Jjinios I, Charles I, &c,, 5 vols, 8vo.
ThiH was fi)llowod in 1807 by tho Lifo of Ihigh
1'ot-orw, by tho H.OV. Haninol Potors, LL.D., New
York, 8vo. Bot.h \voro Hiiporscdod by tho Rov.
J. B. I^elt'a Momoir and Dofoneo of Hugh
PotorH, Hoston, 18/51, Hvo; thirty-ilv( letters by
Hugh Pottu'H are print^nl iti tho Collections of
tho MuHHaelnwetts Hiwrorical 8ocioty, 4t,h HOI*.
yi. i)U117, vii. 109-201; a list of other IcMm
i,s givi^ri in BibliotluH'u (iJornubioiiHiH. PciorH
gives an account of his own life in hi ,Ln,sr*
Jx'gncy, pp, 07-115, which wliould bo compared
with tho autobiographical Hl'jitornoniH coutainod
in bin Lnst Itop'ti-t; of tho KngliHh Wars, I (MO,
tlio petition ai.drt'HHod by him to t-ho HOUHO of
Lordw in l(>(!0 (Jlist. MSS. Oomm. 7th Hop, 5,
1 1 5), and tho aiatonumtM made by him (hiring bin
trial.] 0. H. ,F,
PETERS, IVhtR. MAHY (1i;j IWM),
hyiuu-writor, daught<T of IviHinnl Howly
and Im wiio, Mary I Jowly, wa,s born at
Oin^uu'Htor itn (Uotuu^tt'rHhir^ on 17 April
iHlJi Whib 1 ! very yoinig nho inarri(*d Joliu
!Mc William PotonM, Homotime roctiOr olH^ium-
in^'toti in the namo t k ontity, and ft'(M'war<l
vicar of Langford in Oxfordshiro. The death
of her huMbaml in lH.lt left her a widow at
the ago of twtnity-ouf^ Hho found Nohieo in
tlui writing' of hymiw and ot.hor litorary
purHiiitH. She wrott^ a work in wwwi
volumoH, called t The World'H lliHtory from
the Creation to the Aoc(\4Hiou of Q.uoeu
Victoria.' It is, howcvf^r, as a hymn-writ ',<
that J\h*H Petin-s will bt^ l)tiwt remembered.
8ho contributed liyninn to tho Plymouth
Brethren^ ' Pwahnu, Ifymiw, and Spiritual
Hongs,' Londoiij 184ii, 8vo. Her poetical
piecen, fifty-eight in numbor, apptninui in
1847 undor the title 'Hymns intended to
luilp tho Oomnnuuou of Sainta* (London).
Selections from thin volume arc found in.
various hymnala both of the entabliahed
and nonconformist churchefl, fliush aa 'Tbo
Hymnal Companion,' Snc.pp'fl ( Songa of
({race and (3 lory/ Windle*B 'Church and
Homo Paalt'er and Hymnal/ 'The General
llymimry/ (fee, Among her moat admired
hymnB are thoHO beginning: 'Around Thy
table, Holy Lord,' ' Holy Father, wo address
Thee/ ' Jeans, how much Thy name unfoldB I '
and 'Through tho lovo of God our Saviour/
Tho first and last named are in very general
1180,
Mrs. Peters died at Clifton. Bristol, on
^ July 1856.
[Julian's Diet, of Jlymnology, and private
sources.] W. B. L,
IVtcrs 7* IVfers
MATTHKW \\ILU\M j im.Hii I ,<.mTnt.li.in>,to the KHVU'
(174lM81 0, portrait nnd hUonnil jwrnfyr | ^Th>' I'Wtwi" IVller* nn-i Uvn fi
and divine, win horn in tin* tab* of Wtjyht in j of iiMbl'men ffh- DiiU*' f Mnneh'shr awl
17-1;!, I neither, Matt hew IV!rsi'<d"*'Hb*'d | I^rl fV*iv^ t <v.ml nm^e-rs' nf the Free-
tin ( of the LM!O of Wijrht, p'tit.;' be npf''nn , wit-m , tor l'V"nn -on-,' llnll,
tohiivelteld a post, in theetHoim* HI Unblin, j 1!^ pmnf i f ^\. ut h;- ^'.runt^mnMfrM,' tlw
whoro tlu- w>n was broiuibf uj i ( Fo*'in\ 1'nln <!'< 'uwb 'limit titi>t tbf prun^^n^etit ;
AlttM'HiO>wM,\ > i\ft IHHiU* Thi"r*SniH*nl'4 ' .f\rnil '"ubji'i-j,-* f 4 r iiv*b"!i > ''> ShnKi^piurj
tht" Hchool of design, of whu'h KoUcrf W"t j <i^lb'r\, tV^tti ' Mnrb \do nlnnit Nutbii\^,'
wan then master, In 1751) be nbinin*'*! & ' *!i*nr\ \ III/ uu.t ' I'ln* Mrrry Wives of
johwd the Ineorpornted Sorirly of \
and exhibited hi Spring
prineipnlly in <*rnvonH, fruni IVtUi to. t*u, , drfl, It
He also exhibited two work?-* nt th' Hv ) ISileVtun*! v\.t"i n*in\*Mliibouf ls/H, Anjun;jf
Society of ArtilH It ** probubb* that hr I nibei-i \vrr'M 'hi-nth 1 *,' 'Th*(tuurilinn Atitrrl,'
hnd been te, linly beforo l7t'H H'"' hi** t*w* _ nul llir * U">ttrr''Uoji nf n ISotiH Kaiuily, 1 the
trihutiouN iu thut. year itiebideil * A Klovon bi*t nt ^lurtt wn-* k i*li ni <'hnMti*Vi in IH^U
tine Ijjuly *^ 1 tlu^TuHeim }h"e,t * find * A !<ndy fur **/ "*'', ^Iit^y of In * \\irKu \\ere enirn\d
in a Piniin l)riw, ? In 17tU h<* wn,'<liutn* tu ( tv Uitr<i>b,//i, J, U. S>mfh, MnrntnrdSiinin
Welbeck Street., Portmnn Stjunre, nnd.be- , Th**vv\uui t*i*'Ku'nu t unl bremne very poptt*
Biden Ht k ven portraits n1 Spring (lunletiH, \w i btr^ Mllvou^luuner rs>ut^ to the fir-it rank,
had ono at the exhibition (the iirM I of tht* ' nnt 'i\orrlv nffneKrd by unrh .'intiristn m
'Royal Academy. Kxoent in 177*2, 177*>, utul 'j Peter Pindar i li\ \\ Mtrui i ntul Antony PIH-
till 17HO, though he, npent wmie |Hrtumuf ' umf pb-HMtut robuinM, uiul one or two of
tliift period in Italy, UH hi,s address i tfivcu bin in*4 frni SlinK"!pt'ar> ("j> t eiu)ly MrK
aa Venice 1 ) in the entalo^ueM tf 17721 tuul Piw nn1 MJ'M, l ; urd riMulinjf I'Vl-ttair'M love-
1774, \Vliilo in Italy on this or mstHtier , letter tsire nnuutttct) withn nori^htly htnumr,
oe.caHH'm ^btt vinited I{,oint\ twiee'} he iimde a i lh- ( n-n'tvuth-nl KtvemsiM>fH lliill were burnt
copy of C 1 orrep[gio*H Wt. Jeronie {* 11 Uiorno*} ; in the lire of Us,'j,
at Pantia, which in now in tbe rhurrh of j HiM'iMwt' ut a clenryinrtn \VHM jirosptrotw,
SalFron NVuhUm^ MKHOX, lie was elected nn lleb-nuiit^reeinrttf Kn'u*hft>n, IieifesferKliir*',
aHBoekto of the academy in 1771, niul rt full ; uittt \\'ool'4horjn\ lijneolimbire, in S7HH, pr-
member in 1777* Tins only portruitn to , Iwmkry f latte^ln (VtJietlntl in 17*jr>, und
\vhicU name, are Divert in the cutubi^tiKM (*hu(ibun to the MnivitV' of WNtuuaf*t4Tnt>tl
are * Mr, Wortly Montu^u in hw drehn n.s
an Arabian Prince * (177(1) and *Sir Jultn ; Turin, a |1y<M'inn of bu^o jmieliee, nnd
Fielding as Cbuirman of the (Quarter Stsssiotw ' diml ut JiruMMil Phirt*. K<ni t on IK) March
fortheJTity of WeHtminHter 1 (J77H), Itenlno ; IHl L
BeemBtohavt^paintedaportmitof hwfntber, | \Unty> m vwn D'wt.i IM^tw,^ Vmlwj of
which was engraved by J Murphy ut 1 77*1 ' P*tstrrf< , Ilrmii'H hii-t, uf !*,*nitr* nl, <f;tvo
(BROMLEY), fioftuUw povtraitH, heexhibtti-d ami ArmntrtK; Ali^-niU <StMvVs Did.; P.vo'n
JA Girl making Laco* (1770), *A Woman i humw\*tMi' Ifrtlt^h An ; Ucdt'ord'H Art Suiiw;
in Bed/ * A Country Girl, 1 and * St. Jolm* i IVtw* Pnidwr'n Wttrkw; Antony Prtwjttiu'H Royal
(1777), and * A View of Liverpool * (17HO)* ' AtMl'mMws n Fnm* ; Nnhvi Hud Uu^riH, *Jnd
Ho had now attained a ecmHidorable jxwi- wr - *" *^** nri * rif * p ' vii. 3tu :tHi viil fl-< Uf>i! ;
tion as an artist; but for some yuir bffuw ^ta*lo|(uw of thn I(-,yaI A^lrwy.*^! <J* M.
this he had seriomiy turned hi alUmtiiw tu ?KTKIlHtirPKTKIt/rilUMAS(// ( HJf^l),
the churcli,for wluch profcmwon lw hiwl been purhrtii divttte, WIIH mm of THomiw Dyk
intended in his youth, He matrlculatwlfrom ! woude, a fat A l**tii*H t who nutrrted at Fowey t
Exeter Oollepro, Oxford, on SJ4 Nov. 1775), nml Oornwitllin Jun 15 ( U t Mnlm, daiiKhter of
frnidiiatedB.C.L.inl788; he took ontom in Jolin IVeJfry of TnUVv, and elder brother
1788, and in the same year became rector of of Hu^h Peters hi, vJ H^ nut tr undated
Eaton, Leicestershire, Ifo did not exhibit fwwn HPAHMIOHW f^olh^n, Oxftml, in 1010,
ml781orl782,butml78ahfl8nthigwxmti and ^nidimtwl IIA. tm .10 June t(U4 M.A.
. .
sacredsutaecV An Angel carrying tho Hpirit CJ April 1(5^. For mnuy VAW, probable
of a Child to Paradise.' This picture i* at from Itt-JH, ti WH* virar of Mvlor in lun
,
Burghley, and the angel is a portrait of Mftry native tumittv of dontwiilL He <n
Isabella, afterwards wife of Oliarlon, fourth to Amwwi/nrrivmK i N"W l^lnml ac-
auke oi Uutlaud, In 1785 appeared lite next ecmliitg tu tim hwtwmti, M 15 July UUJ9
Peters
79
Peterson
(Fur/r, Jfrrl. Ififit. New /hif/tund, i. 410, 5(54-,
/iO^-iJ, (H5); but tho more probable state-
ment is that he was driven out of Cornwall
by the troo >s of Sir Ralph Hopton in 101JJ,
and roaelux, America in 10 M. Peters wa.s
at Saybrook, Connecticut, in tho summer ol"
KU5,"and afterwards with John Winthrop
tlus yonn^er at Pcqnot plantation, When
this 'became the permanent settlement of
New London, ho was appointed in May HMO
its first minister; and, as he * intended to
inhabite in tho said plantation/ was asso-
ciated by the court at Boston with Winthrop
in its management. A letter from him com-
plaining of the hulian chief Uneus, * for Homo
injurious hostile inMoleneics,' wan read before
the commissioners of tho United ( -otonioH in
September 10 id, and in the following July
he was reproved ; but; the commissioners did
not think that the complaints justUied any
stronger prooeedinpi's (AVmv/,s' of New /V//-
mmth, ed, Pulsifer, i. 71 ^W -100), Mean-
time Peters had been 511 ; and OH an in-
vitation from his old parish in Cornwall
had nailed from Ito.st.on in I )eecmbcr ,1(M(>,
Ho returned to England by way of Spain,
leaving Nantuekct on U> Dec, Hi 10, and ar-
riving at Malaga on ID Jan. 101(5 7, after 'a
full month of sad 8t.orms/ Peters again
ministered at My lor, and died there in lOo-l,
in the fifty-Huvonlh year of his ago, A
gravestone in the churchyard records his
memory. I HH wife, who is said to have been
a sister of Winthrop, did not accompany him
to New England.
Peters is described by Cotton Mathor a
'a worthy man and a writer of curtain
pieces' (Mnt/nati(t, Ohrinti Amen'c.anfi^ bk, iv,
chap, i.) He himself, in the preface to IXIH
sermon, 'A Uemcdie against. Ruuio,' preached
before the judges at the Launeeston asBiflen,
17 March HJol-ii,Hay that he * never before
peep'd in tho Presse beyond tbe letters of
my name/ A long preface deals with his
diiForenceH with the Rev, Sampson Bond,
rector of Mawgau in Meneaguo, Cornwall,
whom he had accused of unsoumlness, and
of having stolen about a fourth of a eei*-
tnon from the Rev, Daniel Foatley [q. v.]
Tbe charge resulted in an accusation againwi
Petern of perjury. But the case ended in a
victory for him* Letters from Peters are in
"VVinthrcv/fl * History of New England/ 1855
edit, pp, 40't 4; the ' New England Historical
and Genealogical Register/ ii. OJJ-4 j and in
the 'MassaclmHettB Historical SoeietyVOol-
leot ions', 3rd ser. i. 2tt-4, 4th aer. vt 619-20,
viii 428-38. He is said to have been of a
milder disposition than his brother Hugh,
[Boase and Courtney's Bill. Oornub, ii, 475
iii. 1081; Fuator'a Oxford Alumni; Allen's
American Biogr. Diet. (18->7 edit,) ; (Jiuilicms's
Now London, pp. 43-53; Savage's Genoa!. Diet,
iii, -102-4 ; Fanuor'fl Gonoal. Hog. pp. 224-f),"|
W, P, C.
PETERSDORFF, CHARLES KRI)~
MAN (ISOO 1SS(J), h^'al wriUu', third sou of
( 'liristiaii h\ LV^t.errtdorir, furrit^r, of l-KHou^h
Square, London, and of fvy Ilouso, Tott(i-
hatu, WIIM boru in London on 4- Nov. 1800.
He biMuuue a HtndiMit of the Inner Temple
on "J I Sept. IS 1 8, and was culled to the bur
on ^5 Jan. ISJSt'l. HOWIIM for sonn^ time one
of t.he c.ounwl to tlu^ admiralty, and by
order of tho lords of UN* admiralty ho e.oni-
piled a complete (Collection of tho Htututort
relating to tin*, navy, to shipping, ports, and
harbours. 1 le was wealed a Herjt^uil-at-luw
on LI June! 1S58, aud nominatiMl, on 1 Jan,
18(M, a ju(lfj;'(^ of the c.ouutiy courts, cinuiit 07
(north, 'ih'voushiro and Somerset), an ap-
pointment/ which he resigned in December
1885. lie \VUH killed by accidentally falling
into the area, of his house, iJ.'J Hurley Str<^e(,
.London, on W July IHHIf. On 15 Nov. 18-17
be married Mary Anno, widow of Janu v ri
3Mall(Hik, of 78 Ilarley Street, London,
lie WIIH thin author of; I. 'A ({moral
Index to the Precedents in Civil and (-riimual
JUuadhi^'M from the Karliest I'nritxl,' 18iJ^.
3, * A Practical Treat isnoti the Law of Bail/
18:M'. tt. *A Practical and MIouMnilary
Al>rid^iU(mt. of <IN<H iu the Kind's lle.nch,
Common Hens, Kxchcquer, au<l at Nisi Prius
from tho K(\storation,' 1 8^5 -,*{(), 15 vols.
4, * A Practical and Klo.meutary Abrid^-
nti'nt of the Common, Law HH altcri'd aud
eHtablished by the R<u',ent Statutes/ 1811 -
1814,5 volH.; iind cilitJ? vols. 18(51 -I; with
a ' Sii))plem(nt/ 1870 ; and aHoeondcditionof
tho ' Hu])ploine,nt,' 1871, 5, ' Tim Principles
and Practice of tho Law of Bankruptcy and
Insolvency,' 18(51 ; iiud edit, IH(!*J. (j, * Law
Students'* and Practitioners' Commonplace
Book of Law and Equity. By a Barrister,'
1871. 7, 'A Pract.ic.al Compendium of tho
Law of Master aud Servant, aud CH wciully
of Employers and Workmen, uudov t',ie Acts
of 18757,1870,
[Pubrott'N ITonM of (Itutunotm, Ifitt/J.cd, M'air,
p, 867; Law Journal, 7 Aug. 1886, p,_4(!7.J
G". C, Bt
PETERSON, ROBERT (.// 1(100), tranw-
lator, WUH a mtnnb^r of Lincoln^ Inn, 11 o
imblinhed ; 1, A trjinnlat iou of '( lalattso/ tlio
culobratwl treatlso on mantiew writton by
Giovanni dlla Oaaa, archbishop of Bent!-
vento. Tins tranHlation, now 'very ran*, irt,
entitled ' Galatooof Maistor John dtslla OHBH,
Arcshubifiliop of nuoumita. Or rather a
treatise of the manners and behaviours it
ther
: >,,
bohoycth a mini to UM and esrhn\v
familiar eomwHntion, A worlu* very n"-
OMHNHry and j>ro{itnbh for nil <*i'ntlMUn or
other, First writ tint in tin* I tali in tnn/w,
and now done into KntflMh. Imprininhif
London for Kaufe Newbcrv,' i : )*V, Tin*
book IH dedicated to ' my Mn^nlnr jjood I ,ord,
tin* Lard Robert Dudley, Knrlonf t^ycpMtmV
and contains dedicatory VCW.M to the tnui^
jator in Italian by K, I'ueci and A.ritohw ;
in Latin WLpphiCH by KdwnrtU'rudorK^j.v,];
in KngHwh by Thowiw Drnnt tj, v, ', Th-wun
Browne, and one J, Stou^hton^ ft \vn;uv"
printed privately in 1SO*J, with introdnetiun
'by II, J. Umd. :!. * A Treat IMC cumvnunt^
tno OanHe.H of the Mrt^ni licence and ( treat ne *
of OitioH, Pcvided into three Inmkes by Sift,
(Tiovannl Hotcro, in the Italian Tongue, now
donu into Knglinlu At- London, Pnntn! by
T. IMbr Richard ( )ckould and Henry
1G()(J, Dedicated to l my verie ^tlu m
Sir ThoniaH K^orttnu Knight * (\V\-n\ ///A/,
Jlrit.) Tht*. original wan nuhlished at Milnn^
359B, From tlic dedicattoiw it uppeavn ttmt
PuUrwon had received favourn from the Karl
of Lwci'Mter anil Lord IClhwmere, (*opieH*f
both worka art^ in tho Hritiwh MUWMHIU
[Anu'B'n Typogr, Autiq. (Hnrln'i'tK p, tM13 t
Wntt'eBibL Brit.J K, I!. M,
PBSTGOEMO, LOUD ( 14BO t . ir,1U), C ct-
tinh judgo* [Wiui SCO-IT, T
ebniT mechanic, coiHtnu't in;* 1 optical mutm-
WIMI! to' In,-* own UN, and lectured on c-W,-
tneity, \lfliHUi;h 1m ml wa popular,
IVther wu-* n\*r able to do more than
Mipply the daily \\anfs of his hu'tfe family,
und vrh'u nttacKi'd by a luuy^riufif disininV
wbicb itic,-ip:uMt ntinl lutu lor work und c-ven-
tuntly can *ril hi'* l"tth, In* wu,< redniMMl to
^?'<nii pt\rrfy, I!r*t!s'i! at Suuthampton on
L'i^ A put tM;*, b'lixu^j a widow and nitw
chiblvrn tjuiti* d"ifi(utr' ; atnl the fact- that.
th<*y wi-r** umvHc in litin any assist ant*o
from flic Arti'4?/ II lunoirjit Knnd was mndn
tlsr nccjt'.jort *it a fjrivr uttacU upon the mu-
nn^(*tueut of flint MH'U'tv. Abraham IN'thcr
is known nttuMi^dfalev'. n-. 'Old* IVther, to
di'.tiniMu .! hitu iVom ]\\n ,n<n SrbnHtinn, who
i;t n<thci*d ,*>f pftrat i'l\ .
Tit)\t\.'t l*j?un'U ,//. I'/Hl i, who WUM pro-
bitbty it br*thir uf \braiiam iw, a<*cori!intr
U i t the catab^ttiv.j they at onr time lived to-
traits in urn vuth th l ( 'rer Society- from
PETHEE, ABRAHAM (175(1 1HI:?) (
landflcftpc'-paiutt'.r, a counin of William '
Pefher [tj, v^"|, wa born ab CliicheMfer in
"1 7*56, In childhood \w ahowtMl a gtenf t nlent
for music, and at the ip of nino played tin*
organ in one of tho OhidusHtw <lmrolm,
Adopting art as his protoion, h bTune
a pupil of George Smith, whom ho grtnitly
surpaflBftd. lie 'minted rivr and moun-
tain scenery, wit \ elftwical htiildingn, in a
pleasing though artificial tylo f Hinntwhat
resembling that of Wilnon; but bin rcpntn*
tion rests on moonlight BubjwtH, wltich
earned Mm the sobriquot of *' Moonlight'
Fether, He painted with fln fueling and
harmony of colour the combination of mmm*
light and firelight, a in t Eruption of Viwi-
vius/ Ship on Fire in a Gale at Night/ " An
Ironfoundiy by Moonlight/ &o, IHher wan
a large exhibitor with both the Fre and th
Incorporated Societies from 1778 to 1791,
and at the Royal Academy from 1784 to
1811. His * Harvest Moon/ winch waa at
the Academy k 1795, was highly prainod at
the time. ^ He had an extensive knowlwlgo
of scientific subjects, and in his moonlight
pictures the astronomical conditions arts
always correctly observed, lie was alno a
| t*iUjn^tiu'' hu-t, nf P.tintorH ; Uryan*^ Did,,
d. Staub'.vi Py*-'?* I*n(ronn{f0 of HritJHh Art, p.
Ki',X; ftuWn '\Voi'K?i, tHO'i KxhifntiiHt (lnlu-
!o]*ui^ ) ' F. M, O'O,
FKTHKil, SKUAST1AN (1700 1HM),
lnsittH*np""pnintfr, <ddoMt mn of Abraham
IVthrf ,i|. \, ?, \viis horn in 17WI 11^ wan n,
pujiil of bin intlun', awl, ltk lutn, pninttn!
rhiolly nnHn}iu;ht vic\vn tuid iMiMtirtnil cnn-
flugt'titiouH* fltn \\orl\r4 of thin clws wn^ Min*
gttlnrly tfuthfnl untl Imnnoniottrt in colour,
luttl hhnnld huv bvottght him KIH^M^H ; but
iMirly in Hfi' ilu* ni't'i^ity of providing lor a
Inrg* 1 fmnily druvi* him into tbi' hatuln of tlw
(b*itl**rs wbupurrhmt'd \\\n pirtttn*H for I rilling
For copying purptwn, to which they
h*nt tlu'in^plvt*"^ juul nnwtjuiwtly
they wen* rurely MIM'U fit cxhiliitioitH. In
1HI*4 l**tht*r h*ilt to t.hn Uoyul Aculcuy
1 View from Uhrlwii Hri'lgc of' thf 'DcHtruc-
fct<m of Drury Lttn<* ThcalnV and in JKiHJ
* A Ouravan* ivi*rtulon liy it Whirlwind/
Tim latter wttw a cowuntHMifm from Hir J
Fleming LetceHter; but a tlw mibjeet wu
not Huitcd to tho |uintir*H tiiient^ thia oli*
tar? piece of patronit|(i* wn of no real benefit
to Itim. H'in life, WUH tine lon^ Htrnggle with
rulveroity f which reached iln climax when, in
Ifiil, thrtw* pictunw whl^h, with thu help of
a friendly feiine-m alter, lit* ftewl to th<* Royal
Academy wwe reject ftd, Fetlier res^inbled
hifi father in hi 'tttntt* for mrtchanical pur-
suitH, and in stud to huvw Huggi^ted this ida
of thtt fttotnuch^putup to Mr. Juice* tho sur-
geon, I If* dbd at Bitttcmca on 14 March
1814, whou a subwription ww raised for hte
Pcthcr
Si
Petit
lamily. Pichiroa attributed to Sebastian
Pethor frequently appear at salon, but. they
are usually dealers copies, ills genuine
works arc rare,
[Bryan's Diet, of Paintora and Kn$ravor, od,
Stanley ; Art Union, 184-1, p. 1-14; So^mor's
Diet, of Pui utors.'J 1<\ M, Q'I>.
PETHER, WILLIAM; (i78piHui),
jQaem)tiut-cn>Taver,was born at ( -aiTislc about
17.18, and became a pupil ot" Thomas ,Kryo
fa. v. |, with whom ho entered into partnership
m 17(51. .hi I7(i b j ho tm^ravod Kryo's portrait
of Georg'o III in three wizen, and during tho
following' fifteen yeans executed a number of
engraving after various Kiitflish, 1) uic.lt, and
Italian masters, especially Rombramlt and
Joseph Wright of I )erby, whose strong eH'octs
ofli^'ht and shade, ho rendered with remark-
able tnsto and intelligence. His plates of
* The .Jewish Bride/ 17<>*>, '.Jewish Uahln/
]7(M, 'Oll'ieor of State/ 17(JI, and f Lord of"
the Vineyard/ 17(?t>, after Uombmndl, and
'A Lecture on tho Orrery/ 1708, * Drawing*
from the, (lladiator/ 17(V,) f { Tho Uennit/
1770, and 'The A lehymisl/ 1775, aft (n- Wright,
an* mastwpieces of moxxotint work. Pother
engraved altogether about lifty plates, .some
of which were published by Boydell, but tlm
majority by himself at various addresses in
London, lie was also an excellent minia-
turist, and painted some #ood life-sued por-
traits in oil, throe, of which Mrs, Baton the
singer, the brothers Smith of ( -Inchest or, ami
himsol f in a Spanish dress' lie also engraved.
II o was a fellow of the Incorporated Society
of Artists., and contributed to itn exhibitions
paint in^'s, miniat.nros, and engravings from
176' 1 to 1777. In the latter year lie sent his
own portrait, above mentioned, with the dis-
guised title, 'Don Mnilliw kohl op,' lie was
also an occasional exhibitor with the FreoHo-
cioty and t,he lloyal Acadetny. Petlier % H<raretvr
was marnid by his restless tempi^raimmt,
which r<mde.r(K) him incapa.ble of pursuing
contiimously any ou branch of art, and
Bomefimes led him into employing bin fiuMil-
titsH on Hu))jects (jnttn foreign' to his profes-
sion, 11(^ constantly changed IUM renidtmce
from London to ti'io provincen and buck
again, and being averse to society, although
an agreeable and accomplished man, gradu-
ally sank into obscurity and neglect. II is
latent plate published *m London is dated
179^ and 1m exhibited at the Uoyal Academy
for tho last time in 17S)L About ft*n yearn
later ho apjxuirH to bavo Hettled at Bmtol,
whore ho named a livelihood m a drawing'-
master and pictunvdeatH^r, and there he on-
graved the portraits of I'M ward Colston the
pliilanthropiHt, after HicliardHtJU, and Samuel
TOL, XLV,
Syer, the historian of Bristol, the latter
dated 1HH), Pntherdiiul in Montague Street,,
Bristol, on H) July 18^1, agod 8^ or 8IJ, hav-
ing- been long forgotten in tho world of art.
Ho had many pupils, the most; eminent of
whom were Henry Kdridgc and Kd ward
Dayes. Tho latter, in his * Sketches of Ar-
tists/ speaks of him with groat admiration,
both as an artist and a man. An engraved
portrait of 1 'other is mentioned by Bromley,
[Miner's Biographical Mlwt,<luw, 182(5; Ohal-
lonor Sniith'w Jlritiwh JVToz/.oliint I'urtraits;
(jfravow's Diet, of Artist H; Dayas'.s WorUn, 1805;
Bristol Mirror, 28 July 18^1 ; information from
Mr. W. (tm^, of JUristol.'l F. M, O'l),
, JOHN (d. lHr,H), anti-
(jiutry and ]mblishoi% issued, utidor tht^ gene-
ral title of * INmtttn Diseiplino Traets/ be-
tween lH-l^ and 18-17, from 71 (lhanoory Lano,
London, with, introductioiiN aiul noitss, r<s
prints of six raw tract H dealing with tlu^
Martin Mar-Prelate, e.ont ,ro \vrsy of 1589!)^,
'Hioir titles arti: 'An Mnitotne/'Ati I^pislle/
* Bappe* with a Hatchet, Hay any WorKofor
( 'Ooper/^An Almond fora, Parntt/and Bishop
( 1 oo er's 'Admonition, 1 Svo. 1 1^. also tnlited
'A Uriel" I)is(ourse of the Troubles begun at;
Frankfort., 1575,' London, 1H-K5, sm, Hvo, and
a ' lUbli(t^raplnea,l Misoeihuiy/ * r > pts. ( IHOi),
in urn vol.) lie wrote a useful ' Historical
Sketch of tho Progress and Present State of
Antflo-Saxou Literatunun Kng'land/ Lon<lon,
IHU) t Hvo 4 and ( K-iMisotm for eHtablisliing ati
Authors' Publication Society/ 1KUJ, a pam-
phlet hi which he nu*ommeno!ed groat riduc-
tious in tho prices of boolwand puhlieatinnat;
net. prices only, Pethenun iiftt*rwanls had
a Hecondhand IwokHollor'n shop in Ilolborn,
\vlu k re \w diod in I)(combor 1858.
("M'nHkt^irH History of the Martin Mar-Proluto
OnUnnHTHy, 184/>; .PublinhorH' Circular, H Dec.
!.">, | II. It. T.
;p"F;rrT, JOIIN\ LOUTS
divine and artist, born at AHlilon-under-
Lyitit, Lancashire, was noil of John IlayeH
IVt.it, by Harriet. A Hi ley oft hi kin Held Lodj^c%
1 dincushiro* Tho family was originally sett led
at (ken, uinl was of llugttonot opini'ons [mm
PMTIT tnw MTANS, LHWIM], and anotlusr JO'HK
I/HWIH PKT!T(17*KI-17H{)),Honof Jolm Pttit
of Little Anton, StallbrdHhire, wan born in
the parish of Hhwwtorw, SUiUbrdshire, and
graduated from (jue-euH* Oolle^e, rambri<li(e ?
H,A, I7f4 M,A, 1759, and JVU), 17(in. j(lo
wan eledod fellow of tho Collets of Phy-
KutiauH hi 1 7(17, wan Uulstomau hwt.urtu* in
17(IH, (HnH(>r in tliat year, 1 77J, and 1777, and
was eltMtted phyfliciau to St Bartholomew's
HoHpitftlou thtt death of Dr. Anthony A skew
[q, vj hi 1774, lie died on 27 May I7BO
IVtit ?> IVtit
(Mi-Nhy W/..//tyvv u.'>l;H. ;,*;.* : U* ,..,v iM.l.A>int|,n,.l iiU <o, Thi't-\t rimaiui.d
fa HI/? uj V, rnn t ffi'*tt*in*',\ t A //m^'/, \ |, iniilfMV t| hut t hi* ill-? .tratiitti*-* wrro rwhuvd
John liouu Pi'lit wn-i odutai'^i at Kfm, in 4/r, unn) i* frw ml.Jnt from Pot it's unuwod
and rout rihuti'd to f h ' Kfttniun, 1 th<-n iu s? vn!rnf ! In l.-sij IVtit puhliMuul a \ulu*
pnlmu^duvx, !!' \\\\>> rVrfnt in a vh'lnr sihlr hrf ntv <m < Aivhitortuwl Priuoiplosaud
Hhi|Mtt Trinity (\)lln:'o i*uititnt;**\ in iv l \ Prrjiulnvr* In l^rj a ho travdb'd in tho
gnuludtod P.A, hi IS*,?, 1 ' and M.A.m I s 'i',and Kmt, and rvrtitnl MIM< Mrtkinif tlrawiiiifH
on :)1 Juno iHot) waMtdmifh'dWf*;*;?,?. -? af lf* dinl ut l,trhtidd mi 1! IW, ISiH, from n"
Oxford, Uo tnnk h'lty onion in I 1 " 1 / 1, hut r ,4d r ut -lit v,]ul. ^U-trhinj;, and wnw Intriod
undertook no pavurlnnl worK, in St. MtrluuT,. rluirclnurd, whrro tlu*rt in
Pot it shovyoil a tsti fnr^ki'tohin'i' in t-u-U n, ntHnuiurnt \\sih ft Lniin iiihcriptiou to hie
voiir.sund hts drawing ui ju-m-H n*l hidiau uvtimrv,
ink won* vorydolioutn urtd rnrr*Ml \]n fa- p tti wa^ one f th- fmimlon of flu* HfJ.
/ourid* Nuhjoi't. vsnn ohl rhuivhrs and ^rcut ft.h Vrrlt^ntl.^;}!''!! In- titutiMiM 'lunhniltfoin
(tart of hi lifo wan >.pont in \i itinv; util ! w 1 1, and t- it's jiturnal omtf nhutotl nuionu 1
Hk^tohiu^ thorn. HIM drnwinj.-. \\rrr ru ith<-f ptt:"r?., an mrmnt uf St, (JormiuiH
pidlyo\ooutod,and hi*MK*-tt'hi" k \M'ri'ulttn\ > !\ulir f lr;,, m th* r.lmf Man, !Io \VU,M also
limrthod on tho npot. In 1KV. tu nm-l" J%S, V , HU hnu^niry mrtuhm' nf tho Institute
his first, o\tMiMV tour on th nmtin-'ut, of Unifli Atvhitivj'a, and n K"vornnr of
Tho ivsultH nppon ( l in liifi * Kotnmtn on flin.f'i Ho |n{l. II.* \%a* a larnod and
dhurch ArjOiitiTttuv" (IHH, i? vi?i, Sv*, *'h';;{tnt wntfr.hut w a-* h"*t known IIM au
with illunt rat ions, It WHH followrd in iSttJ nrfi f, n>"il"'( fh^utn'k nlnwh ntilicodjin
by * Knuarkn on An'hitootural I'harnrtor/ nmdmvd irw ih'ltr.ii^ rtolum/s on rc*iunr
royal fol. In tho wtmo >iir Pot it puhh^h'*l ;^p*Min*n'* ..f hi, mt paiutin^M' aro rnro'/hut
a l(oluro which hr hud Mmwl <m ;M Knh, Nhovi n ^.'tl ''"'i' 1 *' "f rolour, ' Two of thorn
1H-MI to tho Oxford Sot-iffy tor promnttn^ hrhnur i*> Mr, Alhn't Hnrulmruo and Mr,
tho Htudy of Uothio jirohitoturs utulor thi* II, j, ilart-.hMnn', \\hi tthut po>,,.i'M many of
titlo ' ItemarlcH tm thr Prim*iph' of Unthio \\w wrtfrr-rHjoor Kctoln* , A i?Mn bv Poltt,
Aroliitiu*turo aw itoi^tiod tn nwtiimirt* i*ut*t'Jt .,*I*L,J * l i*i, 4 t .,..,,* ,,...i it,.. / ,...*. , k .*i t..,ii*
AroluUu^turo AH applunl tn ordinary Puri-.h .,..,... . M . .. ,, (1Ml . , Mf ,,,,,,., ttt ^ t
It wan HUWM'dtMlhy thi * Aivhi* ' wii-qirinfrd for thn lir-.t fimo hy lw Histor
KM'llTttuKl ((*<> A Ittlak** i Mi UMitL *m,i..,4l lk_J"lV *
>,.,.*,.,.* ,, ,, ,, OMV * uriti-M M> inc *IVJH v, n,"i |iniuri lortun nifii niiir ny mw HSNior IU
tocturo of Towkt'shury Ahlnw ( liurrh/ royitl 1 St ill,
bmn-hood of (^oltiinham/aml * Uojimrlw on i 3Uur4' ?s tir^ri'mli.; I-Vr-torV Alwmui Oxon,;
Wunbourno Miwtoiy IHI7; ' UtnuarKa (tn j Ath<j*'uw, ;* l'^-. IHiiH; Nntr* id (h^iH*
Southvyoll MluMtiT/ with iwmt*rotw ^o<ut il* ! Hth MM*, iu, *!it ; Clnurdinu, it lh^\ jh(H; Wai-
hwl-rat-iotiH, IH18; * Ari'-hitodural Notn^'Hro* I ^*nt'h Mm of ihoTwii', 1Ki';, ; Hrdj' ( r.t\'''hut,of
latlnpf to (Ihurehort in. Ulouft^trrohiro a,ud [ Kujtlt^h ArJi.sN; Itryiut*** I'srt, of I'aintc'rH nnd
HtiftKt^v/ 184^5 * Architootural Noti<M*Mtf tho ' Hfujfruv^rj^tnhUrvu't^; Allih<up'npitt,of Kttjjjhnh
cAiriouH (/hurc.h of Uilltughauif Norfolk/ tnd ^^" ! '* **'*l * Irit, Mu*, t'a( | (I, LK(} N.
an ^Account of Hhorborno Mtnstor/ lHi r U, , POTPP mw HTNNH. t*H\VIS (IIIU5P-.
InlHfi^l^tH^ubliHluulanSViTouutfUlh'mk"* 17'Jlh, hi*i^niiior^p*n' + rul ami military on-
bum Priory, 1 a papor upon cohnirod briok- , giittM^witn tli*;vi*iMtril from th*MUioiimt family
work noar Kouon, and wmio atrrful uotiron \ of IVtit <l*:i Ktimn, 'MhIiHhftl noar Ouon in
?[, t r ^ l( 7 rf'f M^-"'I aiThitodurtn Un ; Normandy, Uft'timt* to Inland im tho ro-
IJ July iHoii h road bofon^ tho Arc.hitcr- ' vH*atiif thn oiioi uf Nantri* in WHfi. lie
tural Institutft of (Iroat Britain a pnjM*r wrvod inthtlrniuHiti*i^ini^r in Indandfrom
oi^tho^ Arplutoctural HtHtory of Boxgrovo 111 Jitno Iiltl,tlm tlut* uf hi c>mmiHsim,to
Priory/ which was pul)lwhcl th< wtmo yotir, I May lm ' !fo WIIH innplayod in tho ord-
to^tuw with Hom 'hlHtoriwa rtnuurto uutl winwlmiii whtoh i''i'Mlntwltlith(Jhurmol
conjocturott'by W. Tumw, fl IMlt<m tJuMm'ri\t..UtionH t,r> nct(m th
in 1H54 ap'mrod Potit' prmcitial wrk t Frowoli numi; in |th Uni^ and IWBt. whon
Architoctura, btuduw in Kraurn/ imporJal ho wan tm^ of t ho i wo! vo untom-m undor Sir
8vo, It was beautifully illustrated with flni Martin Borkmim, tho kinjf* *'Uif imtfimw
woodcuts and iacHimUpa of anoKtatio draw- Tho itttomptM on tho Fnmrh c'onnt, woro not
-rnffs by the author and Im companion, Pro- vrv Hum^ful, find tho train wiw lamhnl at
foRsor Belamotte. It nhowwl mudi loarn^ Ont'onc! itft-r tho Imtilo of Umliw, 19 July
mg and obwrvatwn, and^throw H K ht i tp< m !. It W nn und.r thooommaiHWn-ohiof nf
the formation of Gothic ; m France*, and on , tho Duko of |^i, m u*r, nnd took part in tho
^e differences bo^^ np {w of hmiw, IKfcmuafMind (Huml,
n! !TI T^ Q A no ^.? c . ? n r viHtwI by Kd ward PiU.it wintorod at Gbwit, and rlrmwl to
ma, j..b,A., with introduction, notw, and England with th* truiiu Aft or lh treaty of
Tctit
Petit
Hyswiek in 1007, a permanent train was
formed ; but several engineers wore placed
on half-pay, and Pet it appears to have been
brought into the train apiin in l(>0i).
On (J April 170:3 Petit, was included in tlio
royal warrant for an ordnance train to ac-
company the expedition tio (Jadiz under the
Duke of Ormonde and Admiral Sir(ioor#o
Jtooke. Colonel Peter Carlos commanded the
train, The expedition sailed from Spithcatl
on \*2 July, and on i21 July anchored outside
the Bay of Bulls at Oadiz, Petit was sent
to reconnoitre, and the troops wore landed
in accordance with his proposals, Tim town
of Rota surrendered, but, after Home abortive
operations on the Mata^orda peninsula, the
attar.lc was abandoned. The expedition sailed
for Vi^'o, and on 1"J Oct. a successful attack
was made on that town, in which Petit took
an active part,
Petit returned to Knjyland, and ontM July
17(K$ was included in the royal warrant
forming 1 an ordnance drain, which proceeded
to Portugal under the command, first, of the
Dnko of Sehomberg, and later of the Karl of
Ualway [see MASHUM DM Rii'ViuNY, Ui3NitY|,
to assist the Archduke Charles Ju the invasion
of Spain, Pol.it took part 1 , in the campaign
against the Duke of Berwick. The Karl of
Gal way reported on 110 Nov. 1701- that Petit,
'is very capable; but lie was taken in Port a-
legro, and has been sent into Kraneo. It will
be very well to get him exchanged otie, of the.
first, and send him back hither,' Directions
were given accordingly,
In September, when the British govern-
ment heard of the capture of (Jibmltar by
llooko, an ordnance train was prepared, of
which Petit was one of the engineers, for
the service of the now acquisition, the train
being under the command of Tnlbot Kd~
wardes, The train arrived on 1H Feb. 1705,
and the siege, which the* Spaniards had begun
seven months before., was raised on iiO April,
Petit was now appointed chit 1 !" engineer to
command the- ordnance train for the capture
of Barcelona under the Marl of Peterborough,
and walled in the fleet tinder Sir Ulovvdiwley
ShovelloutiH July from Gibraltar. The troops
were disembarked at Barcelona on iJ^ Aug.,
and invented the. city, After the strong 1 fort
of Monjuie.h had been carried by storm on
13 Sept. 1705, Pet it erected throe siege batteries
against t lie city, all on the west Hide one of
nine gimfl, another of t waive, and the, last of
upwards of thirty guns, front which a con-
tinuous lire was kept up. Petit then erected
another battery of nix gurw on a lower piece
of ground opposite to the weakest part of
the walls, Although he was wounded, ho
was not long absent from duty, The broach
waaniadeimicticablo, and on 4 Oct. the city
capitulated,
On (! April 170(> King Philip, at the head
of a large army, invested Barcelona by land
while the Count clc Toulouse blockaded it by
sea. A small ordnance train was in the city
under Petit. Owing to his exertions the
fortification had been placed in an cllicient
condition, while the place was well provided
with guns, ammunition, and defensive mate-
riel, AtJMonjuidi Petit had completed the
half-formed outworks, with a good line of
bast ioned fort ideations, with ditches, covered
way, and glacis, and had thrown up a smalt
lunette in front, of a demi-bastion on the lofti.
Ilohad mounted several guns on tho now
ramparts, and the old fort, formed a strong
keep to the now main lino of defence in front.
Moreover, between the fortress and M,on
juich, in substitution for thn small detached
work of St., Bertram, which had been clemo-
, lished, Petit, had constructed a continuous
line of entrenchment with a palisaded ditch.
The siege was pushed forward with vigour.
On 15 April the advanced lunette waw cap-
tured, and a lodgment in it converted into a
I five-gun buttery. On the iilst the ouroiuto
! of M on juich was stormed and captured, and
the besiegers were able to concentrate their
attention on the Ibrt.resM itself. Petit, who
was the soul of the defence, constructed en-
trenchments to isolate the weak points, On
M May thn beHiegot'M commenced mining, but;
Petit.* met them with countermines, and, by
blowing in their galleries, checked their ad-
vance. On H May Sir John Loako arrived
with a relieving wqnadroii, and 1,1m siej.ro was
raised. The success of tin* defence brought
great credit to Petit, to whose zeal, activity,
and (n(jfineerin^ resources it wan mainly due.
The A rehclnko Charles wrote 11 letter to ( v )uooii
Amu* from Barcelona on -J) May oxprosshig 1
hm obligation to Petit,
Petit, who had been promoted colonel, wan
with the, train at Almanwi when, on ilfi April
1707, the Karl of (ltd way was dofeatiHl by
Berwick. On II May J *el it arrived at Tortowi,
whore ho was charged with the duty of pre-
paring" that fortress for a siege. On 1 1 June
I70H the Duke of Orleans invested the place
with twenty-two thousand men, The trenches
were opened on 21 June, and throe duyw later
sixteen tfunfl, ImnidoH mortars, opened fire.
The defence was spirited. But; on 8 July
Orleans had wappwl to within fourteen yards
of the counterscarp, while twenty-seven ^uns
wore battering the escarp. The next nig-ht
ho assaulted and carried the covered way,
The tfarriHon made a delenmnad aortic, ef-
iwfltin# considerable injury to tlio works of
the besiegwra, aiwl at'Us conclusion Petit
u 54
Pi-lit :i IVtit
sprang it mine, which he hud pi need in the t*r -le^i* MI- hit*!- 1 , in readme^, with tho
covered way, with u'ooil efleet, All the UUIMM r\pr<!tiiu, iM.-efher with pontoons
efforts of tho defender,*-, were, however, ui for orov.iti.; mT>, Tin* Jacobite rebellion
availing and on It) July the town capitn- , w.r* <M.m -u|p;v' .cU Pelit then marched
lated, ' ^ith < 'adman's army by Perth to Krt WiU
It limy IM as-mtmnl that Petit \v^ \ Iwm, tid Inter -<.nne\ed bind at, the head of
e.huigvd almo.st immediately, for in \uv,U"t lioih \c-.s for a furl.
170H (icnornl Stanhope took him \ulh him Ou.'tJuly iVUiu warrant wan issued np-
lie, eUertod n landing on "Jll A ujy, uiui laid tn e-Inrt' nf tho ollic' of ordnance nt, Port,
sieg'o to Port Million* The place fell on Maiiou* Minorca, H aimenrM to hnve re-
MO Sept,, mid a tew da\* later the wltnlo turn*'*! to Kn^litn*! the following your, hi
inland simviulered to the lriti ( h* P*'Sit ^uu 1717 h- uaM'iMjfliiy^d lo(!Mi^n fosir Imrrnekn
apptuntod governor of Fort St, Philip, the ntid ton'p.M'f UJMI! jh"ir.Mitc; in Scotbumho
(Htiuh4 of Port- Million, unit lieutenant' ! ;{v\nit ro)bi'vti"k nn*l di'prei,itiou,< uf the
governor of tho island* He built n Ian*,** !uv:hhiuder,< t In IVl^ Petit wu 1 * a^ain at
work for tlu^ deletteeof Port- Mnhott harbour, Minorca u - chief eu^inrrr, niid iti September
lie wan promoted hri^urlicr-pMteruI for hi* reported that be u*t"i inaKt!t f > defciij.ibh thn
services, atul ^'iveiu the- eonnnnnd in Minorca, u$u worK-i I 'or emeriti/ the- bnlv of Si, Philip^
lie, wan jtt. tbiH time n HMitcuHntt'olotU'l in l*n^l', The board of orlfuuu"e rrporte<l to
tluuirnu'^and also a captain in Uri^o-dier Si-crotur\ t*nv^-; tu II Ocr, Unit the cost of
JoHcph vN'ig'btiuan'H raiment of ftot f*f a ! ihe worK \ild tirobubU be -jfUHM)/,, btsidcH
petition of hi.s wife Murinnn to reeehe lu^i ritorcs ul" war, nnd that oiih Itt/Ji'M/, had been
captainV pay by bin ant lun'ity for herself and ,'ittpphe.l, tu U'i!0 Pel if \\enl to Italv for
four children), I'Vosn March 170t> Petit WHM, hi noalf b, and, d\im t Naples, wan buried
according to the * Muster IJoll.x,* in S-ain there, HIM etdr^i' v.oi^ Ijitbcrl, \\a'.ncptain
utitil March 1710, ^vhou lie returnen to ' msd I'nc/mec^ nnd wu* .-antioned at. Port
Minorca. He reinaiiietl (hero until 17UI, Mnhon when hi-, {utbi-r died. Jobu Lonin
when he returned to Kn^lnwK ' Pelif ij. v/ \VUNU dc'icrudiuit*
After the treaty of Utrecht the cn/mcew - ! t \v rtr OtlW K.-.'*irls INumilv MSH,; Porl^r'it
wero reduced to a ( peace footing 1 , llttt n* I in.4nrv *>f Hm CuppN of Unveil Mu^inecrM; CUHI'H
Kn^'land had acquired Uibndtnr, Minorca/ AtuiaU of jh<* Wnrn of tlie'Mijihti'cnih <Vmury ;
un inn acceHHion on icorgiU I'etit wan went. * M .VITH AIIIHUH ot t/neis ,\nne l j/;i;; AUIU.
in September 17M, to Scotland, to Hmrt, \ M8M - !lrit ' M**''"''l H. II V.
Oonoral Maitlnnd in view of tlw threatened ! PKTtT or POTVT or PHTYTE,
rimtigof tho elans, and t.o report ou the Mtate 1 lilt KM AS t.// UW I.Vii), prinlrr, was MUJH
of tho workH at Fort William, as well UH nt ponml by Amen * to In* related to thn fatuous
Dumbarton and othur forts and c.iwtlen in t !ui Jfbn I Vt it ' f he Pmii printer ( VV//f>f/r, ///!/*/*/.
west of Scotland, On S>7 Nov. a warrant L rj*VJ), H^ hmiw WHS nt the Nt'^n of thn
was isfiuod for thn formation of an ordnnmui Maiden Vi lleml in St, PnulV (Jhurchyard,
train for Scotland, and Petit wan appointed Loiuhtn, whero ho produced in IMti an
chief engineer, IVtitaud mx other eitu-ineem j nlititm of (tiu * lltidtler of the Sea/ tie also
went by land, leaving tho trnin to follow by prmled Titvemer^ New Tehtiuueitt (15.1J)),
sea. The ahipg carrying th train lay wtn<l- thc'Miirum Primer* { K) It, la!:l, IVUI, mil-,
bound at the mouth of tho Thamcw, Petit* 1^-15), (Jhaun*r**** Wirlm\d.)uud'Sarum
was^onsoquently ordortwl to mako up a train Horm * ( I .VI I I r.Vt ),
ot eighteen, twelve, and nine poimdew, and On April !o tM be, ' Whitcbureh, Bl<lls
BIX small: ioUl-piWH from tlw* fyn at, Kdiri- Oral'tcm, Middleton, Mayhmr, Lant and
bargli and Berwick, and to hiro out of th Keyh% print w, for print injc of nurbe bokasas
InitcJ;! and Bntwli troopa KUfth mew a had wet tlunvgltt to 1m unlawful!, contrary to
sum m gunnery to the number of fifty for th tirnckmniiiw mndo on thai, Iwhalii; wr
gunners and matrossos, to bn added to th committeri nnto priwoti ' (/lc/ <> /^ /V/r//
old boots corps f ffimnnw, then at Stirling - Oitw//, iHfK), new w*r, i. !()?)/ All exijept
He was also mstruf-.ted to ^t together what, 'IVrt.it were mibmmently relenKed from tho
ammunition and other warlike tora would Flt, rm deebtrin^ * wlmt notuhnr oif bookflfi
De necessary, and nmo thouaand men, either and balltte they have bo wght wy t hiu tluese
Petit
Pctivcr
iij yores/ and what merchant 8 had introduced
' lingl isshc bokeK of ill matter* (if>, pp, 1 17,
liJf> Between 15:iG and Jfifrl about, thirty-
nino books boar hi,s name as printer or pub-
lisher, among" thorn being .several law-books.
[Amos' B Typogr. Antiq. (l)ilxlw). Hi, fi()7-10 j
Arbor'n Transcript, of tho Stationers' Ri^iHtorH,
i, 394, vol. v. p. cii ; DiokinHou'n Ltt of Service
3>ookfl, 18/50; Catalogue! of Booka in British I\Iu~
HO urn to 1 {>!(); lliwlittV! Handbook and Collor-
tionH, 1807-89; llunnard'w Typographic, 18'2f>,
p. US.] II. K.T.
PETIT, WILLIAM (d. 121 JV), jiwliciar
of Ireland, was a follower of Ilu#h do Lacy,
first lord of M'oath (</. I 1M) |q. v/1, and pro-
bably went over to Ireland with him in 1 171,
Ho received from him Oastlnbrack in the
present Queon'w County, and lUthkonny,eo.
.Heath, In 1191 ho served as juHtieiar of
Ireland. He ajjain nppear.H aw co-)UHt ice wit h
1'oter Pipard in a charter granted between
1UH and 1200 to St. Mary' Abbey, Dublin.
JIo WUH a witncNH to two chart ens to tin 1 *
satno abbey, which can bo dated 1 205 and
12()iV7 T atid to ot.hor chart tn'H of ICHH pru-
cio <lat< granted to St, Mary'w and to St.
Thonuw's Abbey, Dublin, On 2t> March
120t- ho was appointed, with three others,
to hwar the complaint of Meiler Fit/Honry
[q, v,] ptHticiar of Ireland, againat) Wil-
liam "do Jlur^h (Itowt /^//-s p. S)), Ou
i'G March 12()8 lie wa sent by John with
to the justioiar of Ireland (/.Vw
s i. 10(5 A). ( hj t-'H Juno 12101 Nrt it. ap-
j)earcd at Dublin, with otlu^rw, an a, motwngw
irom Walter d<^ ,Lnt\v, nctumd lord of Moath
["(j. y,], praying the king to relax \m iro and
sullci" Walter to approat^h hin pr< i Hwnc,o (TV*-
Inidar of Dotmmcnh relating to Jwhttitl, L
402), In 1212 ho and other Irish barcma
supported John against TniKHJtmt III (//;
p. 4-JH). He died in 121i5, lie granted to
St. iMary'w Abbey, Dublin, certain landa at
Mache.rgalin, iutar the abb( k y of Kilmmocsan.
His son wan taken by King John UB a hoHtago
for llicliard do Faipo, 1 1 in widow in February
121/5 oflerod 100 ioarl<H for liberty to remarry
asahepleaHoc1,and for the replactsment of her
son as liOiStage by the HOE of JLUchard do Faipo
himself (Clow lioll^ il 80),
[CloHe and Patent Kolli, and Calendar of
Bocmnonts relating to Ireland, vol. i. an quotod
above ; Muniniouta lliborniea (Record Comrh)
iii. 56 ; Franaiaque Michel, Angio-Nortnan
Poem on tho Con^uowt of Irwland pp* 148-t) ;
Annals of Ireland in Cartulary of ftt. JMry T
Abbey, ii. 312; tho same cartulary, i. 80, 09,
143, 144 et paaim, Kegister of St., ThcmwH's
Abboy,pp, 9, 12, 34, 38, 48, 2/>3, 254, 265 (both
in rho KollHiSor.); Gilbun'aliiat.of t-hn Vicwroya
of Ireland, p, 55.] W. tJ. B,
PETIT, PETYT, or PAEVITS,
LI AM (11:10 1108?), author. [ee\ViLUAM
OF JN'l'UVIJVKOH,]
FKTIVKE, JA1MKS ( 1OH1 7 18\ bota-
nist and (uttoinologist^Hon of J nines and Mary
IVtiver, bom at ililhnovton, near Ru^by,
WarwiekHhire, in 1(5()^ ((\t\tilwuu> M
f. r> /-*), WMS, from 1()7(5, o<lueated at
frees wchool {Mity?)i/ School AV'//, p, 1) ' under
the patronage of a kind grandfather, Mr,
Ivtchnrd Klborowt^' (Motnw AfM, iJJJ.'{i>,
10), and WUH apprenticed, not later than
HiHJi, to Mr, Follham, apothecary to St.
Uuvtholoiuew f H HoHpital, London, lit 1 ! be-
came an intimate correspondent of John Ry
(q. v.], and bin assiHtanee in acknowledged
in the. prolaeoM to the second volume of Kay's
'HiHtoria IMantarinu* (I OHM) and to birt
*SynopHi,s Htirpium' (1000). By KiiW he
was ]H'ae.tisinj^ an an apothecary 'at tho
White (IrosH, near Lon^ Lane m Atdi'r^ate
Stree.t/ and in \\\w Hame Htn<^t, if m>ti in tlu*
name hou.si\ lie renided for ilu rewt of bis
life,. In 1(50/5, wlu^n lie. \vns (Rented a fellow
of the Royal Society, he, wrote the list of
Middlesex plantH foi* <U))on\s edition of
PamdenV Brtturmia' (pp,*'M5 -10, and Nhwnp
Mti. .'iJii^*, f, l^J), all t.be other county lints
hoinjjf contributed by Utiy, INitiver In^eame
apothecary to the UliaiTcrhouso, and nettniH
to have had u good prae,t"u;o, though not on^
of a hig'h order, niuee he advoHiHed various
1 quae'k noHtrunm.
lies corresponded wit.U TiaturaliHtM in all
partw of the world, and formed a lar^e mH-
cellaii( k ouH miweum. Though in l(!9(i he
HtHnuH'to have been mainly devoted to ento-
mology, and hi.s bitsiuosH prtivented him from,
,oft< v n ((wiving London, hemade trtu^tont bota-
niaiwgexjieditionH round II ampHtoad with bin
iri(m<iH Samuel Uoocly and Adam Buddlo
fV[. v,"J, and by 1(507 bad altogether botwiuux
fivu aJid six tliouHnnd plant 8 (//;, IJJtiKi, ^T))
In HlOObo vinitod John Unyat Blade Notley^
in lOflwwc, and in 1701 contributed liwtH of
ic and A fnenn plautn to tlws third volume
atona Flantarum/ lu l707hiHuncle
"Richard Kiborowe diod,be(putatlun^ 7,(XK)/ r .
to him, but be weemn nov<!t to have obtained
tho money from lua htilf-brnther, Elborowo
Cilentworth, the sole executor (ib< ^330 f.
0,17, ,11 f, 008, &W5 f. 0), From 1700, if
not oarHcff, Pctiyer aettid .H donionHtrator of
plants to the Hooiety of Apotliecarwm (FiHO,
Memoir^ of t/ia /totttnick Garden ftt (Jhclmct^
p, s>5). In J 7 1 1 he* went to 1 ^oyden, mainly t o
purchase Dr. Hermann^ muHenm for Hloane
(Moane M8& &W f. I0, JW8 f. 28, 4055
f. 155), In tho autumn of 171SJ he made ' a
trip to tbo Bath and JMistQw/ and in 1715
Petiver ^
he wnt with Jatmvs Sherurd ! ij.v,!,th* jIV" folio, ftv^ plnfe*. 10, ' Hortiw Peruuunu?
Mciati, to Cambridge (ih> *JMO f. UU\, tlin modtrinrili;*/ I71*\wven plnte,^ 11, * MOUH~
liealth KoemnbytluH time to have foiled, and petu de'tidcnitnrum Pbmfftttnu Oatalo^un/
early in 1717 lie was incapable of nny nctivt* IVIU, {olio,^ 12, ' iVopowulM tor the Unu
exertion, Ho died, unmarried, at In;* huw tintwhon of nn leonienl Supplement to Mr.
in Alder^ate Street about * April 171S. John Uay hi**'* f ni\ er,M*l History of IHimU, 1 "
lliH body lay in ntate nt (Book's Hall until IV1<*. Itt, 'Urn-minum, MttMc'onun, Fun-
tho 10th % , when it wan buried in the rlmnrrl ^orum , , , ('weordw/ 171<I, folio, 14, *Pe-
of St. Botolph'.i Church, Aldorstfutc Street, tm<riuwi, NVP f 'olhvtanert Naturje/iii. 171(1
Sir liana Slontie f Henry Levett ( t|, v. , phy* 171* , t'ojjo, K. * Plant:*' Siliv*iacn rariorcs/
wc.tan to the (ImrterhouHe, and four other 1717, folio, n Mtis^l** NhiM-t* 10, * Piantarnm
phvHicianH act.tng a puli-bertrvr, _ j ,l^ju>ttm*urttni rariovutu h'one,4/ 1717, folio,
Ilia collontionH, for whirh, lUHnirdtnif to t\M]itufeNUfidonr;ibeet> IV.* Ku^lish Batter-
Pultt^ney ( Itititfi'ttp/tiwtl AVlrfrAr^ it, *i: ( 'i ( Sir tli"i/ IVIV^ux jlutri, I'ndatfd: is. *Bota*
HanH vSloutie, before luHdeath,oilered IJ5fHi/ M uiennt Au^lieitm, 1 label** for the herbarium.
wore purchaned, with IUH books uul nm\n\ 111, Mlorttri MrrtH Phnrnutreutieu'!/ labeln,
Hr.riptH, hy Sloans, and nre now in the British i!iK*ltiniittH'nt?*of Mn^li'dt Boiany/fourplates
Mu.se,unu Tho inannHrriptH are tni\**d up and one 'he^t. i'L "Jntjje't lVti\ i erhis Hitok f
"with lottcrNuddrejwd to Sloune; Htn! fhi' her* hetn^ Uireetion** fr ijuthenn^ l*lautH/om^
baruuttjConKistinj^orpluntHrrojnaUt'otintrieH^ fiheet, Vi*. * Bi'tef Ihreetinn?. for the enisio
forms a couKulm'ubln port um of the Shtune tanking nttd pre'.rrun^ 1 (*ollirtionn/ ono
collection, now t the Natural Hi.tory Mu- Mheet, *,M, * rinutHrnf,:rsuet| for KnyVi^Mn^-
Hi k um at. South Kenain^t on. Prtiver*;* Latin Ihh HerhuIU*** fohi) % ou^ ?heet. IVfiverulHo
WHH, at least H(um^lineH v composed for him published tuanN pepnrute platen, ninMly td*
by Tailored UobiiiHon [<| v. | (M/utttw ,1/>V, rare Anierieanphtntri, Hefontribntedt-wenty-
liiilO), and ho borrowed largely, witltiHit on^juipets toilte 4 Philo-MophiennVun^it'tioim*
much acknnwlc'd^nu'iit, from the botanical , (\<>K \tx svi\,l bet^ern HW and 1717,
wuuniRcriptH of A<lam Buddie* Though a eiulunnrory of .*>pvimetu$ of *xotie plnnts,
good obacrver, and induHtriourt in lm vnden* nnmiHN f num*mhi fo,v.i1,*, and tlnt^w e\hi
vours to innko Hetwten popular, he In often btted by him. TheMo nre enumerated hy
luwty and inaccurate in IUH hointuVal writ- !*ultenev | /'/n///v/;/^'m/ iVAr/e//r/i, it, f1H.|"J)
JngH, Hin narni* wan comniiMnorutcd by Muny o'f hiM*tniniir works
riuminr in tho genuH Miwritr, tropieal and they were mo*>flv t with
A motican plant | now taken an tlui type of thopnite^ttttbe 1 1'lttlwuphic
an order* * : reprinted under the title Miun.b
Potivwr pulilinhed : L * Muwwnn l*eti- Opra Hi;4tn'inin Nuturuletn t
vorionnm/ 104)5-" 1 703, Hvo, in ten centuries ' U*flf, *J voK iol, nttd 1 vL Hvo.
each deHCtihin^ <m j lumdrcd ^lantn, ni. j (TdmHl m<(| ^.^ Ftnf;i uf Mi(Mlwox
uials, or lofiwlH, 2/(teophyhu'Uun Nuttmn ltt ^ t |t})< :i7u Hfi ; UJ< | lint h mM{ ieH them eitrd;
ot Artis^l/O^-U, fcdio, in ten dwwW,, i^u^u.Vi* IliH^mnlnmhsketehennf thn Pro^HH
each contaniing ten;j)lates r wit hdescrtpt ionii ' O f ilotiu'iy; Mluj MSH.) (J. M If,
B. 'Thts Montldy iliHceliuny, or MmuoirM
for _ the Curioiw; 1 707-0, 'i* vol, eon- f ETO, Silt HAMUKL MORTON (180D-
taming tlio commoncemunt of 'Botimunun ( IHH>), contractor nitd jjoliticiun, cldcHti wm
LoiulinoiwojOrtilitt London Herbal* 1 4, * Plan* ] of Willhun Peto of Oookluuu, Bn"khire.,
tarumdonovtfiOataloffMH, 1 1709, 5* * Pteri* ' \vlso dietl on It! Jnn, lHiil by Sophia, dnugh-
graphia Americana, IcontwwmtimmB pht* l> tur nf Italpli Altowtty of l>drktug wan bom
quara COCO Filicimi/ 171^ folio, twenty at \Vhimr !lmw* pnrlsh of Woking,
plates, 6, ' Aquat, AmiuttUum Amhoinm ! Hmy, on 4 Aug. IHIIK Whibuin n^preur
Oatalo^ns,' 171*1, twenty-two yjbitesH, 7.* Hur- timuo hw unrlo Henry IVto, a buU(,r, at
barii Britamuei clatisB* I), ,Uaii Datalogim HI Litthi Britain, city nfl-tindim, he nhowed
cum Iconibua ad vivnm dtilmeatm ; * ot-her a talent for drawiji^ attended a technical
copies liavinff tlio title 4 Catalogue of Mr. cbtol f and later on recrtvetl leHHonn from a
Hay's English Ilerball/ vol i, with fifty tlnui^htHmnn, (leorge Maddox of Kurnivar
co])")orplatos, compriaing over nix lumdmJl , Inn t and front Mr/ Beaxley, an architect,
ont.ino figures, 1718, folio; vol, il with Aftnr Kpcnttin^ thn^ yeaw in tlmcsanmtitor'n
twonty4wO ( plates and about ^80 %urc% Hlmp he went thnm^lt f Iw routine or l)Hck-
3/Uj reprinted by Sir Harm Kloiuw hi laycrV work, and linrnt- to lay eight him*
1732* 8. 'J'lantarumKtrurimrariomm (Ja dred brictw a day, His nrtidert cxpinul in
talogrus/ 1715, folio. 9. VPhmtamm Itrnlim IHiU), Intlut wwuc your Henry IVtodtcd^nnd
mannarum et Oramiiiuin Icone/ 1715, Mi km Imimm "to Banuwi Morton and
Polo
87
Pcto
another nephew, Thomas Grissoll (1801-
1874). Tho firm of Grissoli & Poto during
thoir partnership, 1 830-47, constructed many
buildings of importance. Tin* first was tho
Hungeribrd Market (1HJW .J5) after a public
competition- for <t^,400 ; thorn followed
the Ueforni (18,T>), Conservative ( 1 8-10), and
Oxford and Cambridge (1MO) elub-honse,s,
the Lyceum (18JU), Ht, .James's (USW>), and
Olympic ( 1H49) theatres, the Nelson Column
(1843), all tho Uroat Western railway \vorhH
"between Harwell and Langloy (18-10), a
large part of the South Kastern railway
(1844), and tho Woolwich graving 1 dock.
It was during 1 the construction of tho rail-
way worka thai (Jrissell awl IVto dissolved
their partnership, on 4 2 March 18 10, tho former
retaining tho building cont.rac.ts, including 1
the contract for tho houses of parliament,
which had been commenced in '1840 by the
firm, and the, latter retaining the railway
contracts. Among tho works taken over
by Pcto was the construction of a largo
portion of the South-eastern railway, that
between Folkestone and IlytlHsinciludiugt.ho;
viaduct and tunnel and the nuu'tcllo towers,
lie also made, a large portion of tho Kastnrn
Counties railway bet-ween Wymondham and
Dereham, Kly and Petorlummgh, (/hat Urns
and St, Ivos, 'Norwich and Brandon; tho
sections between London and Cambridge,
and Cambridge and Ely (181(5), tho Dorset-
shire portion of the London and South- \Vea~
tern railway (1840), and tho works in con-
nection with the improvement of the Severn
navigation under Sir William Cubitt.
Kdward Ladd Botts (1815-187^), who
had undertaken the count ruction of t he South-
KuHtern railway between Reigato ami Folke-
stone, entered, in IH40, into partnership with
Peto ? which lasted. The worlcn undertaken
by tho firm of 1*01.0 & Hettn Ixstwe.en I84(t and
"1872 embraced thn loop lino of tho Groat;
Northern railway from Peterborough through,
.LiucolnHhiroto I)oncaftU*r; tho I'jiiHt' Lincoln*"
whiro line connecting Boston with Lonth ;
the Oxford, Worcester,, and Wolvorhftnipton
railway ( 1 8fiii) ; fcho (h\st nectionof the Buonos
AyrewCreat Moutlu^rn railway; tho Dana-
berg and WitopHk railway in IdiHBia; tho
lino hiitw(jou Blidah and Algie^rH, nnd the
boulevards, with warehoun*^ underneath, at
tho latter])! ace; tho Ox ford and Birmingham
railway; the Hereford, UOBN, and Gloueiwtor
railway, 1852; tho South London and Crys-
tal Pa'laco railway, 1853; the I^ast Suitolk
section of the (Jreat Eastern railway; the
Victoria Dockfi, London (18/5ii-5), tho Nor-
wegian Grand Trunk railway between Chris*
tiann, and Eldsvuld; and thoTImxaoB graving
docks,
In connection with Thomaw Uraasey [q. v.]
and 10. L, UottM, JVto executed HUOH of rail-
way in Australia, 1858~(J!J ; the (! rand Trunk
railway of Canada, including the Victoria
.Bridge (open ed October 18(50); the Canada
worlw at Hirkonhead; the Jutland and
WchloHwigTweN, 1 80^ ( Iltiftit t\ London A>w,
II Nov. 1854); tho railway between Lyons
and Avignon, I8o^; and th<^ Ijoudon/Til-
bury, and Sout.hond railway^ 185*J.
LVto, Bet-ta, and Tliomaa lt,UHHellCram])ton
wore iu partnor.ship in carrying out- tho con-
tractH of the UuHtchuk and Varna railway,
and the metropolitan extensions of the Lon-
don, (/hat) mix), and Dover railway, 1<S(5();
Poto and BcttH eon.structed t.lui jiort-iou be-
twoon Strood and thes Kh^phant and Oafitlo
(' Mmnoir of K, L. HofcU/ in Min, of ,/Vor.
of Intftit* C'tW/ /&////wwvf, 1H7J5, xxxvi. 1385 -
1^88). Pct.o^H hiHt railway (tout ruct> wan on<
for the eonwtruetiou of the Cornwall mineral
railway in 187*'$.
l y e,to WUM a uKMiiber of the baptist deno-
mination, inul a benefactor to it hy providing 1
tho fumlH for tlu <*rection of BloouiHbury
( 1H4'.)) and Ui^'i*nt T H 1'ark chupeln. But h'us
tolerant disposition lod him also to restore
tlu^ purish churcsh on his oHhUo n,li H<nnirley-
toti, Suffolk. A staunch liberal in politics,
ho entered parliamont an member for Nor-
wich iu August 1817, and sat for that con-
stituency until December 1854. l<Yom 1851)
to 1805* ho roproHonted Khushury, atid lastly
ln^ was member for Bristol from 18(55 until
IIIH resignation on tl^ April 1S(58, During 1
hi.s parliamentiury cancer lu wan tho moans
of passing Pete's Act, 1 850, which rendered
more simple the titles by which religious
bodies hold property, and lie advocated the
Burials Bill iu ]H(il, IH(W, and IH(J:J ( /WwV
Jttirial />*///, hy Anglican uw Presbyter, 18012).
()u ii l^b/lHlli) L*tjto had been elected an
ass<jciate of the I'tiKtitutiou of (Jivil lOngi-
neers, and on J Be.pt, 1851 be bownno deputy
chairman of tho metropolitan commissioners
of sowers. He aided iu Ht.tirt.iHg 1 the Oroat
exhibition of 1H51 by oilering a^ guarantuo of
50,0(X)/,, uiwl wns sul)se(mently one of he.r
majesty's coinmissiotiers* During the Crimean
war he suggested to Lord Palmorston that
lu* should const nuit a railway Jxitwei^n Bala-
clava and the entrenchments, A line of
thirty-nine miles in length was accordingly
laid Tlown by him in 185.1-fi, and proved of
much service to tho army before Webastopol.
J'eto and Brassoy prowentod vouchern for
every item of expenditure, and received pay-
numt without commission,. Tho contract
being uiulor govivrnmont, though without
profit, obliged Poto to resign, IUB seat in par-
, liamonti, but for hia servicctf he was created
nown
t M
IVlo ;-> ivto
n Imnmrt on li Ivk IS'M'I. ilr .,j,..if 'In- -i'rijilv ! an - hi , jufviif;: in-.- miknov
nuluniu ot ISli.'i in Amrni'n, iunl jmlilt-.lii ! tm >, I,.:- whu'h ><>" wiii.T li! ,.,|,, ),;, .
ni'M JTM "IV l;,,.,mm ? ,! IV,, ,,-, , ,.f ,!,:. 1,. H.,| in ,1,,| nnil ^L '""l,, 'r ouU
Aiuortt'tti stwi'trttitnl ditrin* 1 u \ I'Hl fit tin* Its"* rhmriun vimm tV*m ***.%..<. .* i
,- i , ,, - - ( '" 1 ' "ppuriMuly hy a
;:m'mimU owlntf to tbo flniwrwi piwir, with ' rdutv, or nf h<irf to Mirhm't Throinnorton VL
,wlwiti<H iimoiwtintf to foitr miUiw< nnl ! fiiichful ntfrmlan* f f *nr*iimil P<uV br tl
iu*w*tHiMtinml*-iluH5vi*miHmn^ ThiMh;.M.<r ' of Sir <irorr< Thro K mort.m O f (W^Jl
liTwK t |V f'ir^rril'ril'i' J^ 1 ?^^ " W ^ !>?
tvtlni<(H to his chiimrtur, tbo!itt'r r-f rriii^ tM-utb n*jtfi'v, 1I* \\UM ruufV*Nnr t/ tf ""
to him uMMi imtn who hm nttitim-d n bs/b Pruin-.-i Mnry", Hrnn \ HPadjuiirhtpr in ho
poHtfton in tin;* rmmtry by fb* k I'Vi-rrt-.f of rurh \*'t\r, fi':/, Af^Vr J'ltiwv \\wi\n\ v*
rurt* tnhnt nd whit hnV ad-trnrd tlut po.i* ( ,T-*,! * At fh* 1 fusi** wbt-n hr tir*'t iMunuiuMH *
tion)>y btH^ront vtrtuii'{ HvsuMut, 1 , 1 '/ Mnrcli '.pintot^ l; f >\\v proutn-iat if tho Ui^v'tViurrt
iHtW p, :t;iU, ::] April t*. JtHC), HP bon* itn in Kin-Un-l. < tt fvt^frr Sitml<i> i;il Mim'b")
rivt'rHMUiirtmu\vitb^Mit mH;nti.in, MM IW b,. prrsh-li,-a In-fMiv llrnrv VI ILnl thrir
lronuttnmhvi'*lnt Kn-t^otoH t -.\Piuni'r, t'uin'itf ur (ir^-nxui'lt, iv ho'bl M-nnnn do
whrro he* di<ni on hi Nov. IhW/' iln war! ;- )n-< tmrui, i mt f w\trniuK him* tlmt "pniic^
buruHl at l^mbury. ( tt f|y r4M h tJmbM fiv M*!<- will nnd ibittorv*
IIt murruMl, h w t <m IK Mny ls;n, Man. \!fr tbi* nrrtuon tbo'Kmu 1 ntll.ni hi m Io itii
l U\i'Ht aimghti* *f Tboiiiftrt tli* In Unnln it*ti'ru*'\v,uniJ.'nlni\Mri'.itoMr^m'thiTiomt
UriHHoll^of Sttirkwoll Ctumnttn, Surrry ; nhi* , with bun, Inn i^tuhl not movr' him, and, HH
two dau^hl^m Ptto mnrripd, twomltv, on in #n. ^v\| Sunduv t\\r
^^^^^^^^{^ , own rbniduin, Hi\ IlVd* Crw\n !o,' vJ "to
tor of Ihmj lu^ull of ! Whdabs b } whom ' |r.*nr|i iu f lir '.uuiV ,,|\v, < 'unv.n nmt rn I
no mm wam^wx wnm and lour dnu^bti-rw, dirtrI whtit P-tu bud Mtid, till In* w "
^ ; L Mhvm Httppon m ih*aih; W..'. *mi.-it, iVtoV^thJ-urulb'.! imritt
J, ()bwrvfttuim on th* U^port tf tbt* ))*. wirh nmi onb-iva to *!t t riu' ilm warden,
1 " CmnmwHitmiTH, with ;m Annly*w of wlurh In* rHW,! lo ib, nm! tbtv w.-n* both
'VHlonc.o* IHtltJ I hi wlitf*?! tliri.* t'tttJIii^ *t *t*,,*i* J...I 1* ,, ..*.-,, t > t, . ,.. * 'A. 1 .
- ^ 4 ----- "i -fi* H,M ,* %*!** Y f*<n **| IK *Hl H *l" * I I]
the bvuumet^ IHtW ^ to whtrh thr*r rilit'}* nrr^td. If ;i
wro wintfid. ,'i *Tuxtttwm f itM Ltn<y imd ' ; *n tnwr in :
l to
'is. Pant and Kuturn'
* ,, \ * "" "*"O '*"* ** *'*/* <f "j * # ^/ if f 4 * ,f , n nj 4 \n | iu ll p >tt*>/
. .-o our luwcinl Poltry/ Iwa In tlw latter |u1 of flu* ^nir, however, ho
jHir Morton Poto, a Mnmtmtil Hkt<h (IHOIO. WlWftl ' f ft * Hb^rJv wntl w-nV abroad, Jit*, at
with two portntitB ; Htieord of th Ihwmlm^ . b;"t w|lM'nr,H by tin* r*^'ihft*w of flu* Fran-
Plato to Rb M. iw !>. Ht L ^uf> ( Irt July fr Horn** tiiun m 10, Jim.' J Ml, Lnhr in that
1 RfHl lUrtrt i\t* * *i"'"vn,MM < ^Mij * * niit n niKf^Mit (\ri)f,u j *** * >ui i"r *n I'Uali
ii?m Jif - r !Vi ' UtM Ol . I ' l ; omHHl i ll M '^ Jnrtittt- yi'ttr Iitr b ! uuti Mbtton wnr at Antwerp to-
uou ot Otvu .hri^nKHJW, JKWU, x*ix, 4(H> " *' t-..*t...^. **,, i < . > > . ., . *
u- ,oa ro nmi W> U 83 i nn m fr lllm( , , f|11 V| . r - l! tI rH mivWi^tn^
clou NOWH, lfli xviii loJwi IHfiV *vl *A T " > - * i j* f . lMl nri \ W( w fil wuw ^ bMk to bo
1800 xxxvii. M7; HdpH'i Lift* of M ft !" l )5rlllt|1 d tii dt^**acM of Qnowi ('ntb*rinn'H
1872, pp, 161,5/184*, 216 j'^rttMrnin** i^N"^ 1 ' <!li ! lw * imt ^ u * '^ llf Wfff l' ^ lo frN rturreptltunwly
438; London Figaro, 23 Nov.* 1HS9 "lo wi/h In* IWftWl ^ * c * tb** Inwik mlbnl *Tlu (IhrnH of
portrait; Timos,' W May I860 p/fi* l^* NOT *r ut '*' P uJl '^ |4 ^ Jfl KnifbiUil In justification;
1880 p, 10.] ^ ^ ||^ * of tb^ kttig*M tiivowt*. It wiw Hitith'd * Phi-
PTnnnA txrirTTA'si* /. , -.^ k . ' bibs! hw Hy|u*rbni'I tn AHtii'ttttwtntttt, Hiiura.
PETO WITTTATW // irrov i ^^ l! ^ ^ Hyp*rbni'I tn AHtiwttiwtnwti HUUIU.
^naUiBvlr^ ?'"\ 1"H;> ' .m ,1I,U, ut pntt
low, and Poytoo (t,!,,, iLribm twd Ty : lim". Fm,w"y,rt
JHtiurc f // > tv /*** ^^tnam^ An^liut Uiytmtru ub Arthuro
Sor * ITrvr r ^ // * WftlUin pniicipt! prlow itiiirito HUO (*<i
.1 ,1!^ L 1 HHH J B * C/iw- fttWBtt immiihmttr **fc iiiflomuittt* ii.il
WWLD, JPretended JHtiurc f // > tv /*** tr^bnam^ Antfliw Uiyinitru ub Arthuro
1>, 20^, Camdeii Soc * lloirw ^ // * Wftlliw priiicipti prlow iimrito HUO co^nitimii
wfc/fi, Hi, 1108 od 15871 'r)A f n' ^'' I/Y) " lutww hwpmbntltr rt inc*nnnlt* mlHfruen-
otherfl say he' wan of oWrc* MiVir J m \ n ^ l ^ li i ***V lttpl ' mritt/ !i P rof ' H8wl
ooHourc. paruutjri f to U* print i*l at * Luwuburg* by Sebiwlian
Peto
8 9
Fetowe
Golsenin July 153-1, but doubtless the phiee
and printer' H name were both fictitious, lot
it does not appear that; Liineburg (.some, two
hundred and tiffcyimlea from Antwerp) thon
assessed a printing- press. Whether it was
'us own composition may bo questioned; but
he and his colleague Klaton, who now lodged
with him at, Antwerp, were active in getting
it conveyed into Knglund, where, of courts, it
was destroyed whenever discovered by the
authoritieH, A solitary copy is in the (jrou-
ville Library in the British Museum.
Stephen 'Viiuglian, a friend of Thomas
Cromwell, at Antwerp, made careful inquiry
about "Poto and the booh, and believed that
the latter was writt en by Kirtho 1 > Fisher. I le
learned also that Sir Thomas ft ore had s<Mit.
ntobookw against Tyudale mid Krith to Peto
at Antwerp. Moreover, a friar came over
Irom England every week to Peto, ' lie
cannot/ aid Vauglwu, 'wear the cloaks and
cowls went over to him from Kn gland, they
arc ao many.' 'It wan said Peto tried to
enlist, even 'Pyndale's Hympathy against- the
Mug in the matter of the divoYee, and seat,
him a book on that subject to correct; but.
Tyndale refused to meddle with it. Vaug'lum
tried hard to get him entrapped and sent to
England, but failed, Peto even sent ovtr
to Kngland two friarH of his own order
to search lor books which might, be useful
to him, and they visited Q.ueen Catherine.
He seems to haVo remained iu the Low
CountrieH for some yoarw, for in March 1 f>JUJ
we find him at HergetiH>pXioom ; and in
June 3,537 John Hutton, governor of the
merchant ad venturers at Antwerp, reports
how an English exile, desiring to act UH
spy upon Cardinal Pole at Liege, procured
u letter from Teto to hin cousin, Michael
Throginorton, who was with the cardinal
there, Pa to himself weut soon ft tier to the
cardinal at Liege, whence ho was sent ( in
August by Throgmorton to Huttcm with
a m(!wsago touching a proposed conference
between Pole and J)r, Wilson, the lung's
chaplain (z*/>, Henry VIII, voL xii. pt ii.
No, Oil) must bo later than No, (Mty In
Docombor he wan at Brussels, conferring
with Hutton about a letter in, which ho
ollcrod IMH allegiance to tlio king and aorvico
to Cromwell.
No tiling Roomfi to havo prevented his re-
turn to England except Henry's repudiation
of tho pope a sujn-oniacy. He ditl not object
to the suppression of monasteries, if only
they were put to better uses, and he ad-
mitted there were grave abuses that required
correction, Hutton, writing; to Cromwell
on 520 Jan, 3538, describes him as one who
could not Hatter, wlio grew very liot iu
argument, and who might easily be got to
let out .secret a which he would have kept if
questioned direetly, But he saw that Kng-
land was no mife place for him, and meant
to go to Italy. In April he wan seen at Mainz
on Ins way thither, having laid as idu hit* friar's
habit for the journey by leave of the general
of hm order* "During the latter part of the
year lie wan staying at Venice and .Padua.
In !/>{J5) he was included in the sweeping
bill of attainder passed ucrainst Cardinal Pole
and others (H Ilen,VHI,c, 1^3, not printed),
and for some years litt.le or nothing is known
about him, except that ho wandered about
on the continent, and was for Homo time at
Rome. It was there in 15-17, a.s tho Vatican,
records show, that Paul 111 appointed him
binhop of Salisbury, though lie could not
give him possi^ssion <f the bishopric.
( )n Mary's uc.cession he eems to have re-
turned to England, But, feeling himst^lf too
old for tho proper discharge of episcopal func-
1 ions, he resigned the bwhoprio oCSal'iHbury,
and was wittled at his old convent at Green-
wich when Mary restored it. lie wart highly
esteemed by Paul IV, who, aw Cardinal Oa-
rail'a, had known lum at. Rome, and from the
cotnmeuc.euumt ol'liis pontilicate had thought
of making him a cardinal On M June 1/557
Paul proposed him in a cons'wtory, and lie
was elected in bin absence, ^the pope con-
I\rnng on him at the same time the legate-
ship inKngland of which Iw deprived Cardinal
Pole j's(H> l*o M'l, lluuiNAuf), Those^ appoint-
ment H, howevtsr, Ptito at once- declined an a
burde-n unHuitetl to his aged shoulders, They
wore, moreover, made in avowed disregard
of the wishew of (^ueen Maty, who atoppe.d
the inesisng(^r bearing the hat to him. And
though Cardinal Olwrlen Cn-rafla, whom the
pope sent that year to .Philip It in Flanders,
waa commiHHioned amoug ether things to
get Peto to come to Uomo (PALLAyrui'N'o,
lib, xiv, c. 5), tlie iitfcempt was inetlecliud.
l*et,o wan alreadv worn out with age, and
apparently in his dotage' vecehio robant-
Into/ as km Knglish ambuflftador represented
to the pope ; and the proposed distimoUou
only caused him to bo followed by a jeering
crowd when he went through the streets of
London. He died in tho following' A.pril
(1558),
fAnnalcfl Minorutn, xix; Carddla'H IVTomorio
Btoricho do 1 Cardinal), iv. *170; rallavieino^
Hit, of tho Council of Trout j Lot,towaiKirapcv
Honry VJII, vole, v, H(jq,; Gil Btato J^pow,
flpanitth, vol. iy No. 934, Venetian, vein, iv.
and vi.l J- O-
PETOWE, TIBNEY (j.l03), '[joetuwter,
wiw a native of Ijondon, and marshal of the
Artillery Ckrden tJioro iu 10 W aud later
IVffnvo w IVtiv
Verne*; on the London Avtilin Ujmien m KMI^IHU, pnntrvl !t\ j!m \\ n t 7!Pf \j V<>1
Munilay'rt edition of Stowe ( I *'*!,! K A pi-- rhn\ ) ,;itt , Infl.'t, !'{, 'Hti t iJtln li'-Ii i "
I jig', ' ' rrl ^ ' rlim ' n ^ v n< f * initials only are
MarhwvVi poem in * The Seenml Part of the rnuu"' , of the pln^ne'mVImilll* ^'7'' n*
Hero and Leimder, tMttfeymn^ their turf her Th.* p^ni t -, nnfiee/i m*Hr K Mm?" "* p "
Mtrtune t hy Henry Pet o*we, 'Snt nt>, i -tt ->hJuf!t/ni ;u> I utuj jvitrii'ti- 1 ' 'P^ii 0< "
1nne, London, printed by Thunum Purfoot I-UM M ,rHbm\ *' \ !'lj" ;,jtV V" \''' 1 M"
for Antlrew Hunis/ to!J,s/tto, fti n ilrdica-' ' p'ro^p" *e * if " Km^ Jamr'/l I*'* /""s "" !>" M
ti>ry epLstle to Sir Henry (Jnilford, Peto\\< ' {iMn'l*uf-rt, thrir VtitfrV-'' ' t * ". h ^, ll *"!* >p
unvN thftt ^' lnin^ inrJel$e! ly n ^nflt'itwn, t*utnttvn\ .'r d whim*iip*< ilf ' p* n ,'*! ! t in
a friemlof mine, with the trne !f:t!wu tit,-.' ( VMirn-in* r* it<''.eMhr!ti mlu^i^ 1 \M^'o^^ n 'V^!
course of these lover* 1 further foritinei. I (Vatnfn< .-. i 'ru'lsif\ nntt ^IIUIM t 'l ? ' ru \' ' I
have prosvnned to llni:*h the hi'<fone/ 1'h,* fLnn^Hn, M;IH |tu" j$ | t^nh- 1 b^lt 7
addreH.H lo tlie render rnltx the t 'em ' the for f \ fl 1, i<> n frnrf Veh.iim^ |o f'he pLuM.f
iirnUnutrtol mi unripe wit, dune nt nnlaiHe hliK*,roini t^^rr/.^^.i^r/^/j/!! j,, ^ rr\
vaennt ho\vtTH/ It w poor in M\teututtn< \nothi-r wr1^ou the nlurue of"' U{*Y i >'! '
mtniu of Marlowe. A edpy of the hooK * emuehoni^<*lier ret n'ntVvhi'* 1 ^ T . r | "
iu tho BmUyinn Library, Speeinj^n ? sppeuritj \\il\\ irtte liolahon oVfh^wurhKi* l''m!eriill
40L Next year Pptowe^hubii'ibed * Phil,.- t '^.tjulilr.i of \ w'tnu nririCmUiI^M'irrlifl
wwiuulor and Klnntnu the fnttv Lndv f B.v ' nf::,nu,|on \Oueh \\\ii,*rlonii,Mit^i*i!,tV r
iititwt \VKnt.!tt ;,.. .1 1..... L* .,.,,.. i >, . *. it . t . . . I * * *u M m , * U(i\ 01
of Luvejn exile, his ti,MpeIiahle Mnr.Iwtl of
ivtnl apUDM into fnvtnir with tlte pviitfed for I
mimlon of perfit Love nml C, m . ' U ,|,,iir.n,,i n, M ,.,n,,ru U H ,, ,.
ihrtiul! .1 none, but plnuaMinf nml nil fhe'ptni iol'lhe ArUUerteUitrden?
u y"n l '}iornlliHtiUimtocMmtim1ne. Tlte *!iMlinihi^nK'i*f aothrt fad by tho
By Henry JVtowe % Duick nm wemft t ( ui ' nitfhnr. * Lnndun Sr1^ t nrirt^orflV'!^
* ' j i ""nM (i 4 i,i I ' *4*t i*t'i i ni** ]o) i kttntt vv n it e,i| ith |H$ fill I'ljiet 1 ten \Vet*Ks tire* 1
^^^J^^.i^Ji--^^;t7^
in three, wix-ltno HtanztiH It, w preceded by ' J ' n^.nnuua*
ycrwH nipttd N, H. Uent, and Henry Si*lf
[;jj^ v {ff^ jff t Iu * ftutlmr MrM he ! "h!" all VwtT/r. 1 "'!.? ShJ^n" wif lul he
( u 1 i It IP 1' "p auuwr * TO i Ue ; tlit^nul i 'onnf ivy >r Sit) re t wif b ot her tiling
^Y^^^
audolh, !W , l ma 1 u(lu' 1 iti.Imtth,u l ulh,,rw ! ,4 v A*/W.v/, U. M" ' ' \ , ,,,,,, w
Z'n'ZA^ ld y" ami! ;l.} V ' li ";. pwlmpH an' l'n'.M,{.. n i H,r (Jv,( Mrn" W .1.1 Kl.wwall
/KwJS ^'m 1 ,"'" 1 "; 11 "'f ".$** """< I" <1>" M.,.n- ;.f tlmt Wortliv
butlu^S^^^^^ <J'nU,muu Mr. .!!, Uni,,!^ ,.;,;, anil
|&S:S,?ii;|;:;! . iSlf H : SS^
".sSiS's^
arulformall proceeding at tlujKunnrall* Tim - m
poetical part of tho volume IB wpnntml in i A nt r ^ llwt ? m A !f l '*r l * r * otiw 'j x - 14S :
bir K. Bryd gift's < Kestitnta ' Hi *ll-a() ami i "! ltljot ; lmi " Antfh>PiHu'H, p. ^/J5 ; mui
thowholaofit m the * JlarHanMiHetilknv 1 S 1 " 1 '* 1 "* 11 * l *' fwi 1vt*j Brit, MIIH, Ulit. (!nt,,;
x, S3^42, and in Nid w ,wi " iCS 'f uT^f *?"***ft ^^ Viilum (in Addlt.
{iuoen Elizabeth; 1H2, iii, Ol, ' Cl!i! m 24487 *' 10 )'l ^ B '
lowed 'KnglaiulaCiMar, IJI
., ,,*, -w^, ttuu Ul i>iyjx(UHS * iTOUlVMttiW /if M ****ow * i **,,/ i '"--' - -. v ...,.
iuoen Elizabeth,' 1H3S, iii. (115, Cfol- 7 ' ' 1W)>I H ' If '
Ro r allCor Kkn ^ 8C " Bttr ' IIis * I( a ft Ul '' | wt PETitE, liKNJAM/N (Ufi* ITfiH), Ho-
ShSS^S?^|^' ><>S&
h : oSffi ^S^S llSt, lim Wtt II:N T X ( wllt> wiw y ( w ip " r<)th " r
wv AU AAcavtiL Anu Louduns oi Williain PMW /. l +i,. ^.,MU'I*,,^^ K
* wifi*n| AinwTA \wutt WUM a younger pnnaier
of William Potro [<|. v.J> tUw traiwltttorji, by
Fctre 9
liis second wife, Elizabeth, daughter of John
Pincheon, oflq., of Writtle- hi that county,
Ho was educated at tho English College,
Douay, and, after being admitted to the
priesthood, became tutor to Lord Dement-
water, who was subsequently beheaded for
treason. Ho was consecrated bishop of Prusa,
in partilnw,o\\ H, Nov. 17*21, juid appointed
coadjutor, mm jure, xuwvmtwh, to Bonaven-
turc' (Ward (,q.v,|, vicar-apostolic of the
, London district On tho death of that pro-
late on 12 March 17M-4, he succeeded I o tho
vioariato* lie, resided chiefly at Fidlers T <lied
on i&J Doc, J7fiH, and was buried hi old St.
Pancraa churchyard, II e was succeeded by
Dr. Richard Chalhmer [q. v, ]
[Brady's Kpwopal Smvoswion, iiu 158, 101*-
103, iSi">7 ; Catholic, Pnwlory, 1894, p, />(> ;
Howard's liomau Catholic KamilioM, pU i. p, 45, ]
PETRE, KDWA uf) (HM-1000), known
as Father Pot.ro or PC tern, confessor of
Jam OH II, born in London in 10.11, was tho
second son of Sir Francis Pet re, hart,, of tho
Cranhaux hranch of the family, of which tho
Barons Potro const ituted the eldest hranch,
HIM mother was Elizabeth, third daughter of
Sir,Iohn(3age,bart,,ofJ (1 irle Place, Sussex, and
grandson of Sir John (Huge [j, v. |, constable of
the- Tower under Henry V U 1. The story told
lu ' .Revolution Politicks/ implying that ho
was educated at WontmhiHtor under Busby, is
apocrypha,!. His family being devout Roman
catholics, he was sent in 1019 to study at St.
Omoiymd three years later be entered tho So-
ciety of Jesus at Watton, under the name of
Spencer, though he was not "irofesHed of the
lour vows until^ Fob. 1071. II eohtuinwlMomo
jironuuonco in the society, not HO much for
^earning as for boldness and address, On tho
death of his older brother Francon, at Crun-
1mm in Essex, about 1(579, he Hw.cooded to
the title, and about the name time ho received
orders from his provincial, and was Bent on
the English mission* Being rector of the
Hampshire district at the time of tho popinh
plot (1079), he was arrested and committed
to Newgate; but, a Otitofl and hi satdliksB
produced no specific charges against him, ho
was released, after a year's confinement, in
June 1680, In tho following August ho be-
came root or of tho London district and vico-
provineial of England ; and, intelligence of
this appointment having leaked out, he "was
promptly roarrostod and imprisoned until
6 ,Fob 1,683, Exactly two years after his
liberation Jamen II ascended tho throne,
and at once summoned Potre to court Ili
correspondence- with Poro La Chaise and
oilier * forward ' uaeiuberB of llxo wciely
r Potre
marked him out, for promotion, and he soon
gave evidence of his zeal and devotion. To
him was given the superintendence of tho
royal chapel ; he was made clerk of tho royal
closet, and he was lodged hi those apart-
numtH at Whitehall which James luu, oc-
cupied when ho waw Duke of York. Tho
queen appeara to have regarded him with
coldness, or even aversion, but, ho found an
all-powerful ally in Sundcrlaud, With
Sundorlaml, along with .Richard Talbot and
Henry Jenny n (afterwards Lord Dover)
(t|. Y, ], he formed a sort of secret innor
council, and it; WH by tho maolutiaticmB of
thin cabal that Sunderland eventually sup-
planted Rochester in the king's confidence ;
at the same time the king ontrusUid to Potre
the conversion of Sundorland, James re-
cognised in him 'a resolute and undertaking
tmm/ and resolved to assign him an oillcial
phi(M^ among his advisers, As u prolhuinary
tep, it' was del(M'mine<l to sock some prefer-
ment, for him, from Innocent XI, In l)o
member HIHiJ Hogtu* Palmer, earl of (Jastle-
maiuo pj. v,|, was sent to I dome to petition
the pope to this oHoot, Tho tirnt. ]>roposal
apparently wan that the pope should grant
Pet re a dispensation which would enable him
to accept high ollico in tho English church,
and Kachard states that tho dignity ulti-
mately designed for IVtro wa the arch-
bishopric of York, a wee which was left vacant
(from April 1(J8(J to November KiHH) for thin
puri)o.H(i. Tlu^ pope, however, who had littlo
fouaness for tho Jesuits, proved obdurate, both
to the original request and to tho subsequent
proposal which Siuiderhotdhad the oHVontory
to make, that Pet.re sho\dd \H\ made a cardinal,
lunotuuit profenstul himself utterly unable to
comply 'walva conscient.ia/ and added t,hat
6 such a promotion would very much rolled;
upon his majesty's fame' (HOO abstract of the
correspondence in UODD'H Church lli$t in,
MS, loi^MJ). He Hbortly afterwards ordered
tho general of tho jtwuiu to rebuke Potro for
Notwithstanding this rebuff, awl in strong
opposition, to tho winlnw of the queen, Jam< i H
on 1 1 Nov. 1087 named Petro a privy council-'
lor, along with tho catholic lords Powin,
Arundol, BolaayHO, and 1 )ovtr, The impolicy
of such an appointment waB glaring, JamoB
HubHctjuciitly owned in luft 'MemoirH' (ii,
77) that he wan aware of it; but lie 'wan
HO ' bowitclwid by my Lord Sunder] and and
Father Vetre aa to lot lumaolf bo provaU(l
xt))on to doo BO indicroeto a thing.' Potro him-
wolf Ht-atod that lie accepted tho kmg'w oiler
with tho greatest reluct-unco, and it may cer-
tainly liu-vo bocu tlxat ho wa ov
Pet iv </ IVtre
by Sundf'rluii'l, I 'ntil he fiK hi - ; at nl th* 1 < Hi i\i K, f ' ,Y> *,';* ',;,* j, hi |fl*i7 ho \vtiMsitnt 1
I'.ounrit honni his t'lrvution wan l*rpf a pro tn \\af*'n, u hi*i*** ij di* f ! iu !* May 1(55K)
found WVIT! from 0\or\ or n\* Sun-lnr-Un*!, Hi-* \.ilmninut <*"ru p*vnlrnco was {mutt*
whoM* I'llbrlM to rwnnvr' KNvbr >trr iV^m thr i'r'tl f'nw Si, On r to limp"; whom if
oounnl ho h*mvforfh prnvi-i-fnlh Mrnnib'.l, UK-* nntWwwtrl\ In if ihmn^^tlu* mippivs*
WilhSnntlorlnnd hi*ul.Ho(onK titturti^^pHi't in .*MU *f flic j"wtH In tho Kn^triiM tfovorn-
ri'vu*injc thi* t'omtuMsiuu of fhr jnat'i, In ItH'Uri<'i' t MIT jiVM'nr] auioin, 1 ; I,mi Itrnv*'s
DwinhiT ho WHN nppiisfn| rlu'f uhnnnrt 1 , p{r;p u; Sininttird Hull, lhtr;h'\ i flfat, J/VS',
andho luid nn iin[tirtnnt vnirn ia liliijii: nj Covw, tth I!-|. Ajp. u/p, li'l). Thd
the vmnuit follinvj-uiips at M;uilnl*n f '!!%<*% niodu^,* buf'*l wifh \\hn'h Itr \vns ni;rdttL
i<w* procM*iju^! tho ppi*V nttnrttt hi (hi* Ktutrlon s**!j sv,ix ''ho\\n In th< liuvn-
1 oti
I)*Athla iViMjucntly hnd or<Mtr>itn U* wnh ti> inr 1 in t-f!i*:\
Uoinr of l*i*l i't**H vu.'ihnt*^ uud iniU"t*i'Mjion titn I'uuKfr.
'whilo ho wudi Wtlh prrftHl truth* fhnt hi* dy tnsftt fhr t'ln.-.r* nt^VnurV r*'i^n,
tippointtnrnt ffiivo a v*ry pwrvfnl lattitl^ Th*r* i/ <> r'asf*in|urar\ ItlM'tt'cw of IVtru
tlpiiiuMt thi* luti^ f ( //fV. ,1/AW, f%;fo, 7th (r\rrp!H*^ nwoifuvrii; un inutji*i*Hry por-
^'T A PP' J. itt'*, loth U< 4 , App. v, p, Ilt'K tmtf r, i; j\.-n it nm pu'inwM position in
Tho prnolnnmtton whirh t)u Kinjj t'uti .nil f-f M, M, \\r<r-< \\ ]! lit.nut jii*turt in thn
luMUadt* in tin* Moi^cfio' of :,' Jnn, lii-^V S, Nufiniwl ttath-rv, *,Inn*M I! ' "
to thtu'tlbi'.t that tho tjiurn wir* with rhilI, nt'^vMi'thi- lni'iwj f fltr IVi,.. ,.,
\vnn tht> Higiiul for a rrnp of \l\^ tno**! .Nt-ttr- S.ifinuil trtrnit/ an* <tlli\ ( il {i i
rih>nrtbHntdnithMuguinf*t f ho Kin^';U'ont'Mitr; hrM.{-,i.l.' ,, i n' t Jto-r iu tho Brit bit
tuul wlu'a tlu* yiwntf prlnt'o wa-i Iwint, tu tln iMil>\\in^ ui i I'lmrsirti-n-tir : I,
Trinity Sunday, it- \vu plainly itt*intmtiMl miiit^uulw i\ ItMutu* H : >**^ t l ; ,U,S M v^ r, rt n,
that. IHro WUH tho fuller. Many vorwin:i, (W/, i, N-t, 1 loUK :', Potre'.-'ittinfr by it widlo
howov<u* t fnprtwntfd him tin tnrrly In'in^ inplnitiiin^lothtMiHller^uufofttnt.tfifuSoci^lv
tluunodium of tho trnnhfr'fi'iiw* *>f tfnM'bihl i' Jv 4t $*t inu^r Imxv au hoir (//, N'ti. U5SJ.
from tho * iuilh*rV wilV jo thu PMU*M )!, i\ t JVtpr inu^un* th< intanf nn bonl tluyncht,
Whim th^ (HHHJH <*aio in Novtialur Iti^S tp*m ^ hubthot|tu**nnti h'rrhihl'wtbrK'(l
1 \jtro rtjHoluttdytwIjunul thnkmgnoi |oltnv in llunr flight. 1 IVfiv n?ut o*njuror with a
( V> I'Btuunstor (l>AHtu,t>N ( ^ lH f ij^ % *j[i JSuv{ Mulfliot of "HoIutM l*nkifH* slunjif round hin
,U(fHOJMT t Jtfttnw l/wfaHtfHt*) Novt'iulM'p iirrlvf M, No, U'i'u>), tti nttfdahfU'uttM'anraturo
"I(5H8). Thin wftw probably tho b"r. ntlviot* 'ott?!*<4 * Mnjrlan*!'?* Mi*inonr (!iS!)) Iho
thai i*otr* hnd'vortoiulorMl tohirt tvt*rmpt ; "p*.*uit iwdftrn't^ti *i,H*hji;'^ri\*otH iVtow, 1 Hin
but lwwa tho ught to nwak Inm intinvt**d lUjiht from \Vtut*itnll 'i>t ub itlnrat!<l hy
inotivtw it t btnnpc w*ll \nmvn that hi wiw iuantrotsrt mmlnk Th^ jioHrait. protixrd to
tuoHt obnoxious to tlm rahbhs untt that hU tho wflntiabuiw ( HiMury of l*i<t ri> AiuorouH
hfo would not bt wortli a dny* purrhnHo luin^ittvi* is of <'oui'MtMwauthi'ntii\
it'how)raHthehindiit\Vhito!ifi1L IVtro : l*rtV \-n\mpv Jmttlu-r < 'hnrioM (Kill-
took awplo pwcautiiHW to uvi-rt thin c*>u 17IU) WIIH iilwi'^Iunitod HH n ii^nit at Su
tingency. Iho ni^ht buforo tlu* kinj(V <lo- Onjor, iutd wiw nltarhiMt to iin lOnu'linh
parturo he ftlopt at St Jtiu*HX wluniro, ' minxum ; ho wan uirlinhn! itinoni/ Ont**H in*
malun^hiB(jxitmxt(laybyaiortpttHHug<v i ttmdm! \ii'tim, hut mu^v^M in i*viit!ig
ho oBcajHid to Dover m Swffuiws n<l HI- ' arrwt, Ho \\tw finvoiirml'bvJauHw U,ml iinl
.wwlodinroiushmff^mnctthoft^hwiMAHti'r, , from Whitolmll nhortlv nhr hin hrotlinr in
lie nevor saw Jame ugam, Hw wnmw at N^vi'mlmr IU*H. Ho WHH nrniiil at DOVCT,
Wlutoliall wero occupied hy JufltoyH for a but wmtmrnrjlihomf *nl t and HHlwnimmflv hold
snort tumo altar hw (light; whtm Jd!roy , vnriourt nfflct*M tit Ht.Omorwhon hodujd on
ntmselt^hicaniped to Wappin^ iluy worn JHJun* 171 Si*
})rokon into by a prot^Htant mob (Vf ( 7 Vf l^
**'"' **"\ od, Soceotnbe, p, 9^). Jf^trw nptmt " [^^Kv** HwJtl of tlui K
the next year quietly at Kt*()mw, wnlwtodinjr ' *? 10 ^y**'^ ^ ^ WUM v ^71^ vii. /SUOj CHivw'H
tho torrent of abusive pamphlets and hroad- ^NwtittnH, 1H "^^i I** i^ ; I><M f H (Uaivh IliHt,;
sides with which he was fUMuilocL Fn iw ^ n ^wnw f a K?tintiiH in Kmrtowl, p. H04 ;
-..-,,., ... which he was aswiikdL In IK^ M ..--
cember 1689 ho was at Rome, but * not muclt " i}? 1 " 11 ^!?
loolcfc on there ? (LgTTitBu,,iaiO) In 1 r X 1 - 01 ,^ - ' v
VIA wofl <innAivi+Li M4..w I* Ai * 11 '* ufwniitfl 4 'n pant, 177*>i tumot H Own Tiwift;
LHiSfr rr- sfea^Ks',,iis i !Sffi
thai ho paid to the haltli and cloanlinesw V nl v MHCH.IIIIIV'H II is* 1K.W ii -nil " "
of tlio community made him highly valued K*C^SS*. $9*. S 170 ',
Petrc
93
Fctre
logoand Jamas II (Oxf. Hint, Sue.);
Kymi's Will him 111, 18J10, p. l'2(); Bunks's Li foot"
William II I'; Granger' H IJiogr. I list, nf Kngbind;
Koxbiu'gh JhlbdH, iv. IMG; Bngford Ballads,
ed, KbbKWorth,ii.iH7; l>arkor\snnHby,p,f>l ; Tho
MUSON Farowoll to I'opory and Nlavory, 1(580;
I{owb/s Diary; lint ton ( 1 orrespwul<n<ui (Cain-
den Woe.) ; Cartwri^ht\s Diary ((Umdon Woe.);
Dalrymplo'H MoinoirH of (Jroat Britain; Lons-
dalo'H Memoirs oft ho IMgu of Jamon JI, 1K">7;
Noto and CiuorioM, Lstwor. i, 101, VL -IIH, /81),
2nd Hur, i. 31. Soo also An Aooonntof the Li to
aiidlVtemora.bloAotionMof Father 1 'ot.ro appended
to tho ,1'opish Champion, 1(581); An Ironical
jKr'umdly Lett or to Kathor iVtro r,nue.oriung his
part in tho lato King'N (ovonuuont, I(Jt)0; A
Dialogue botwoon Kathor Potorn and tho Dnvil,
1(587; Romo in an Uproar, or tho Popo'.s Hnlls
brought t.o ilio Hail ing Stake by old KjLthor IVtro,
10HS); IHJH Horns do la Li^uo ou la 1'roeonsion
Moiuu'tilo condnif.to par LOIUH XIV pour la eon-
vorfdon don Protest auH do mm Uoyautuo, Paris,
KiDl ; and IlirtfoinuUiH iutrij^\<*H nuumrouHiw <du
P6i'o Pol'orH, jiVsuito , , on Ton voit Honavu-ntnn^K
lea particnliorH, (Jolo^ao, 1(51)8,] T, W.
PET'RE, SiuAVllJJAM (tRor>p 157^),
socnU'ary of HtaU*, boru a(- r J\>r Niuvton,
sliin^ about I5()r>, \VJVH BOH of John
re, maul to bo a rich tanner of Torbrytui,
J)evoiiNhin^ ))y lus wile Alien or A lyn, duu^li-
terof John(;ollingeof \V(nxIlan(Ksint'.h^natni^
couuty. llo wan tin* oldest HOII of a family <l*
nino; of h'lH lour brolherM,, t-ho k UleMt, John
(/i ir>(>8), who in Hupptwnd by family tradi-
tion to have been nemor to William, inherited
Tor Nowtotij tlm H<utoi<l WJIH chief mwtomor
at Kxotorj U.i<jluir<l, the third, in Minted to have
boon chancellor of Kxetcr ami archdeacon of
Buckingham; but the only preferment \vllh
which, I j No.vo creditB him in a prebend in
Peterborough Oathodral, which he received
on 14 Jan. I ft 10-50 and roHt^'ned on o Oct.,
1 005; lus WUH, however, inatalled pnuwmlor of
Kly Cathedral on :2H l)o. 1557, and, though
diHa])]n"oving of Mli/,al)cth'H ecd
policy, nstained hisolluto until 1571
ColtMtitmii) p* U)H), Tho youngt brother,
llohiwt (d, \ ">!)*{), was auditor of t lie oxehtn uet*
William wan educaUul at WxHw C3i>l,'(tgn,
Oxford, and elescte.tl fallow of All Honln' in
15^3, whtn\cc ho gradual tul bachelor of civil
and canon law an 3 July 15126, and D.O.L.cm
17 Feb. ir>:&--8. JVAably about ir>27 ho
became principal of Pnckwatcr's or Vino
Hall, and tutor to George Hol^yn "(aftor-
wards Viflcount Kochford) ["q, v*]
ftfate Wtirthm^AM ; cf. WOOD, "
98), Tt was no hmbt through the
of Boleyn'R ftisttir Anno that Pctre, was in-
troduced at court, and wdected for goveni-
rnent servico. Ho was sent abroad, and re-
idud on the contiuent, chielly in France,
for more than four years. On Ms return he
wan appointed a clerk in chancery, lie had
secured tho, favour of Cromwell "and Gran-
tner, who spoke in November 1 5155 of making
IVtre dean of arches, there ' being no man
more lit for it,' Anno lloleyu also sent him
presents, and promised him any pleasure it
wan in her power (o givo. On KJ Jan. 1,5,'J(J
ho was appointed deputy or proctor for
{romwell in his capacity an vicar-general,
In the name year lie wan madn master in
chancery, and granted Urn prebend of hang-
ford Keelosia in Lincoln Cathedral, which he
resigned next your, ,Uo was largely (Mi-
gaged in visiting tho lessor monasteries. On
US Juno I5M Poire appeared in convocation
and made a novul elnim to preside over its
deliberations, on tho gronm. that the lung
wan supremo head of the elmroh, ( Vomwofl
was Urn king's vicegerent, and ho was (Jrom-
well's deputy. After some, discussion, his
claim was allowed, hi tho same year ho
was placed on a commission to receive and
examine all bulls ami briefs from Rome, and
in 15H7 was employed to examine Robert;
Asko l<j, v, ) and other prisoners taken in tho
Lincolnshire, and Yorkshire rebellions. In
lo.HU he luul been appointed visitor of tho
greater niomiMterios in K^i(i and other
south(rn countiiv, ll(\ was one of thn most
xealous of the, visitors; m 15.'!H he procured
the surrender of twenty monasteries, and hi
the. first three mouths of 15,1!) thirteen inoro
Jell before him; his groat 1 - achievement, was
tho almost total extirpation nf the Oil-
bortineM, tho only religious order of Kngliwh
origin (cf, OIXON'H (Jluwk /Ci#{, IL iiO-JJO,
lltJ; UASUUIW, Ilannj TIJl and MM Mo/utth
In 151)0 Potro was one of those appointed
to prepare a bill for the enactment of I. ho
Mix Articles, and in tho following year wan
on tho commission which declared tho nul-
lity of Henry's marriage with Anno ol'
Gloves, .Marly in 1543 he was knighted; in
the same year ho served on various commis-
sions t.o examine persons accused of heresy,
and wan appointed secretary of state in
WriothwHloy'H j)lii(jo On July 1544 he was
Rcle.cted to assist- Queen Catherine, in carry-*
ing on tho regency during Henry's absence,
and to raise H applies for the king's cxpedit ion
to Boulogne, In 1545 ho was wont ambas-
sador to the emperor, and tit the end of the
your was summoned to thn privy council,
lie was appointed an assistant executor to
Henry's wi'd in 1547.
During Edward VT'fl reign "Potro's im-
portance and activity increasud. In August
1547 ho was entnwtod with the great Real
for Ufeju in all ecclcaiuHlical afttiuu In loll)
IVtre ..., ivtro
heMM'vrd on^'Minimy-inn' to ust th< uni- ' i"rnlinmmr him in jo-. .P., ion of the lauds
\eisity oftKlnrd, ttMrnjiuviMnto hir'.ir^,i' hf had doriv^l tY.un flit* Nuppressitm of
ot'SnuVloy, and to try BOHIHT, lie did i>*t hH-'M It \\.H <m his advice that Alary
take part in Bonner* trial a ft IT th** tir.t in K<Y; tWbjifb* tin* landing; of the popels
day, and it \vns rnwowvd that ho *\\ m*". -ru^rr -rut in confer hyaline power on
turning about t> aiMlhrr party 1 ,* Ont*<Vf \ViIlmm !Vf> q \." iti'.tMudof l*olo, Owimr
he wan Mont hy Somerset lo theiMiinril M fn i!vlitnn^ h**a[fh h* rt*n**rd tohe wnvtavy
deuinud the reason of their cowing tn;;rfh''r f ! in f.VY/,
hut, tindmir them I he stronger party, hi' rr- ] On K!i/:ih<'fh',' nvi*v<itw IVtiv was one of
nuiinnl und Myned thfnunnt'j h'ttrr f< fhf' , tho .* rlmr/rd to tr;m:a"t nil husine^rt pre-
lord mayor denouncing the protvfir; fi'ur UHJH fit t!Mjttrr?i\ <vr<>nnf Jim, imd was si ill
dayw Inter ho l*o ^i^nr'd fhn proelnmation ptnplMVi'd nn uii'mn . '.tato nlluir-.* hut his at*
a^aitwt StnzH*rM't. In J'Vhrtuiry liV()lu'\\n,'+ tr'ndaure^tif th'r>mucd h^ntinc hsssfreoueut*
Hiut to I^mlo^uo to ttee.otiftti* (In* tonirt of '{*hr\ vn ,t iti!ti,*r(h<T aft^v UVltt, uud Petro
]euco with IM*UIU*S ami iu th<* f*Uo\vuu! M<y rrf^r^il to hp. miMi*r nt hitfato^tfiMi', MMWX
<xehuU|n'idmlilicatioK of it.nt Amtnii, In uhrtr ho di^otcd hint -df to ItU <*Iiaritahl
and tenths, nnd om of the eiimmi'v^ouiM 1 - f< '' nr-.'-i, nu III Jnn, UVI *,!, nnd \\us Imritnl in
examine Uanliuor; ho \vw al^o wnf to Xiw ' htjrstir -fntir rliittvh, whfi'i* n hand'.(tmnnltur-
Ilall, Krone \, lo ri'tjueM. Mfirv to t*om t ' inijH f nhi' m**ionrv , h'tu*eul hocluituv! and
court or change htn* rehidcun 1 to UUiur- hi ; r.outh chaprl, i* nfilt e\tant,
Au^uMt; llVil I N't re wan om of ihi^o uh* ' Pi'tn^.ninM'r i" .Mtrdutntly Ntmilur to ttumo
cotumuuirateil to Mary tin* couHfilVstlcriMun ' tif ofhor ilnff-UH'ti nf hi < ttin<%MU*h aw Cecil
forhidding mjisn in her lumMhilil, and in N|;^w, ami Ittrh, \\ln f Sprung from the
October WUH appointed to mntVr with fho \\illu\\ iMrh'-r than the oak/ nerved with
(Sermnn amhaNsadtu-Ktm the pnipoMetlpmier^ e^uttl ls!'tt!y Ilenry, Ivlwnrd, Mary, and
taut alliancts in Decemhor he wan oti n com- Mh/jiht-th, iNnndeu'nill't him *n mnnof ap
nutHHiou for calling in the king'',H dehin, In la^ne-d wt'^tlom and exittitajh* learning/ and
ir>5:Uuulrewupthe winutenfor Kdwnr*! \ ( r,"< ! Stmte M\; tie wn-* "without wpot, that I
will and, iu the interent of Lmly June <rey t ? cmht Ihnl i\<vpt i'hinip* of rt*li^i<m/ Ho
Binned J.hts eii|jfag i fm<jst of th^ counnl fo j vva^ Mio HrrKer if extremity or blood, Imt of
inaintnln tho HiujceMhiou u^s limited hy if J modern! itm in 1! ihiu^M/ ' AM a diplomatiKt
On ^0 July, huwt,ver t he, like the majority ', hi;i mntmer wait Mitunnth, reN^rvtHl, rwIved,
of tho council, declared for Mary, l'lo re- j yi't ohli>*iujf :* * Aht'wtid (luUillonof Pe.tro
nudnedin London during tlmnext fnv dayH ' at lloiitog'tje in t.Vitl, * vvo hud gained the
tvaiiHactinpp H^cret^nal huHiue^ hut hw wife )UH( two hundred thousand rrownH without
joinud Mary and entered London with her, ho^ia^s hud it nt been for tluit man who
^ Potto had been identified with theconin , wntd nutliintf.' In hut Inter yenra he wan
cils moHt obnoximw proceeding towurtln nnid to ho a jwpi;4 it ereed *to which Inn
Wary, and hm poMition wan at fir,st inHecuro. | dtf,ceiidiiutM htive nmstHtently ndhernd, But
Ho resumed attendance nt the council on j hm piety wan not, uunmipromwinuf, nnd
12 Aug., but tn Sopti k mbi?r it wa ruimmri'd ' tiid not Iitind in the way of h*w temporal
that ho wa out of oilice, He wan, however, miviim<omof*t ; iw he hiw^lf wrote to (Veil,
mataUcachaiu^br)fthtH>rderot'th<tUiirter . * we whirh talk much of Chrmt and bin holy
on iiu be,pt, when lut wan directed by tho word have, I fear mo u.^ed u much contrary-
cueen to oxpungo the new ruIeH formulated way ; fnr we leave tUliii^ for won, and fish
umnjrthoktu w%n. He further ii!^w- uguln in f!m tempest uottn wiw of thw world
tinted Imnflelf with Mary by IUK r,etd in twits, for gain unit wicked wnimww.' Though he
jng the accouipucofl of Wyatt'w rebellion and wtw' IIHH rapuciojw tlmu hw culhuguo in
by his advocacy of the Hpaitinh marriage, profiting liy tho fall <if Somewet t I*etro
X'ctro now devoted hunflolf oxcltwivtdy to m acqtunul tniormotw prop*rty by the <liHolu-
oilicial duties; ho rarely miHRed attendance tion of the moiuwterien ; in iK'voiwhiro alouo
at the council, and was frequently employed he i* wild to have Ht'tmwl thirty-wix thou-
to consult with ioreign irnibiwwidorH, II wind H<WM; but hi principal noat wiw at
acquiesced in the ruwt oration of tho old IngafeHtow% ICni*x, which jm received on
religion, ancl toolc a prominent part in the t!m dUsolutinu of thii nbln*y '"of Hb
reception of ?(>le and ceremotiies connected Burking Tim hall whicdt Iw built there
wmi the absolution of England from ilw still rttd ahiuwt unimpaired (cf, BAKHWTT,
guilt of hereay. But with groat dexterity h 7^ A / Uitthmtii*. &c, f i>iwl Her, pp, :t> 178 80),
succeeded in obtaining from Paul IV a lull A cowwaraWc portion of Lwwcalth,Uowev%
Poire
95
Pctrc
wa,s spout on charitable' ohjwtH; ho founded
almshonwH a I'. hitfntontom', and dosipinl
scholarships for All Souls'( <ol h'tfo, < >xtord, but
IUH r.hiW benefactions \vvro to Kxotor ( Jolh^,
Oxford, and enlit.lo hint to ho considered its
second 'founder (for full details see BOAMK,
Jleyfatnwi Coll. MWH. pp, Ixxxv ot seq,) In
other ways IVlro \VUH a patron of learning;
liis correspondence witli Kn^lish ^envoys
abroad contains ("reorient, requests for rare
books, llo wan himself pn-ornor of ( >helnis-
ford grammar school, and Aseham benefited
by his favour, which he is said to have, jv-
(Tinted by doilinidiuf* 1 to IVtre hiw 4 OsoriuH
(V Nobilltato (JhriHtiuna. 1 A IUU.NM oflVlrcAs
correspondence has boon Miuntnarised in 1 1m
'Calendars of State. Papers/ and many of the
originals arc in the Oottonhm, llarleian,and
Additional M^S. in the British Museum;
his transcript of the notes for Kdward \ T VA
will is in the Inner Temple Library, T\v,o
undoubted port rails of Cot re, with one of
doubtful authenticity, all hehm^in^ to the
Ri^ht lv,(*-v, Monsi^uor Lord Pe.tre, wen* in-
hibited in the Tudor exhibit ion; of these, one
(No. 159), hy Sir Antonio More, was painted
'Mtafcin siue/xl;' the third portrait (No, I 10)
in by Holbein, but. hours tin* inscription on t ho
backgTound 'jotntiM HUM 74 An," U>i-V which
doe,8 not a$reo with the facts of IVtroV life
(of. Nut en find Qw/Vtf, 7th str. ix. ii-17, ttill,
415), Another portrait in in the hall of
Exeter (lollop, Oxford,
IVtre ma,rri(ul, first, about 15*11, UtTtruchs
youn^eat child of Sir John Tyrrell, knt., of
Warlcy, an<l his wile Anni% daughter of
Edward Norris ; H!IO died on iiH May 1511,
leaving two clan^lit era, <jn of whom, Dorot.hy
(15.'U 'l(UH), married Nicholas Wadhani
[q. v,*, founder of Wadham (^olle^e, Oxford;
and tiio ot-lu^r, Klixabelli, marriml John(Uwt-
wick. Petro ntarritul, sc-c,inlly, A ntie, daugh-
ter of Sir William Browne," lord mayor of
London, and relict of John TyiTell (tl, 15-10)
of Heron, Ksscx, a distant cousin of Sir
John Tyrroll, father of I'etro/H first wile (NCO
pedigrt^o in the I'itiHatfan ttf .Akwr, 1558).
Anthony Tyrrell [q, v,j was the ntu'ond Lady
Pdtvti'w ne.pfuiw, Bhtj died on 1C) March 1581-
158^, and was buriiul by her hunband'H Hide* in
IngatcHtono church, "By her I'etro had two
daughters, Thonmsmo und Kathorino, and
three BOIIA, of whom two died youn^r; tho
other, John (15-19 1(51.1), wan Icnig'hted in
1570, Bat in parliament for KHSOX in 1585 0,
"was created Baron Pet-re, of Writ tic, KHHCX, by
JamoH I on Sil Jtily UJOH, and died at West,
Ilorndon, Essex, on 1 1 Oct. lOUVboinpf buried
in Infjatcfttono church, lie au^imentcxl IUH
father s benefactionB to Ext^tcr C^olle^c, con-
tributed 95/, to theVirgiuia Company (IlitowK,
6V;/^M' ir.tf.A.), and became a Roman catho-
lic, Kxetor Tolle^e published in his honour
a thin quarto entitled 'Threm KxcuiienHium
in obitum . , , I). Jolmnniw i*(lrci, Haronin
do Wrtttlo/ Oxford, ItiLS ( Hrit, Mus.') llo
marriiMl Mnry, dan^lit.crof Sir K<l\va,rd \Val-
g-ravts or \Valdef'ra,v<s and left four sons, of
"whom the oldest, XVtH'uun, .second Lord Pel re,
was father of \ViUmm Pet-tr, ( KiOiJ- 1(577)
(|, v, | and grandfather of William, iourth
Imron Pot re | q. v.j
| ('id* Ktate Pa,p< k rH, Horn,, I'^or , and Vctict^iau
HcrioH ; Lot tors and i'npors of H<*nry Vlll, od.
(Jaiixlner; Dur/vhley State Pnjxu'H, puHsinj; Pro-
ccodiu/^H of \,\\(\ Privy t >oun<*il ; Ivyuu*i''s I ( \p<loni.,
original edition; (JnUoii. MSS. OaJ, !J. K. lot,
(alha II -. 210, U'2r> ; Hurl. MS. US, f. 187;
Addit. MSS. af>i M iv. ;tw, ;MI, :;((;, jpjOiVi if. HO,
iii;t, a2nrr> ir, n, r >, ir>ii, ^17 , MW* iv. ii T 185,
il'a; Anhmolo MSS.lliil f.iilil, HIJ7 I'. M2 f 171ii)
f, 11)2; KoHtnr'w Ahnuni Oxi.n. 1500 ,17M: ,Itur-
I'OWN'H WtirthieH of All Souls"; IJi^'isct's Ki^istruiu
(loll. Mxotu, Wtapletoit'w Thtvo Oxfurd PariHluss,
and Phtaunor'H Mli/.iil>otluui < )xford (all publiMlicd
by Oxford Ilml, Soe.); Wood's KnHti.i. 7!i t 7-1,1)11,
I AH, and City of Oxford, i\ M)7 ; Lit- KtunainH ot:
Mdward VI (R,oxhurf>;h^ (Mub), passim ; Ohron,
of QIUKMI Jaito, i>p, Hi! ( H8, i)0, Km, Nnn\ of
Hefontiution, pp. l!8li t 2H<I, Aimaln of t^nooti
Klimbrth, p. 11, J\hu'hyu"H Dinry, paHHini, and
Wriot.licHh^y'H (Ihrou, ii. JU (nil puuliHluMl by
<?amden So\) ; (Jjuadeu'H Ilritaunia and Kl'iKa-
Ix^t.h ; SLOW'H Aniudn; llolinsh^d'H ChronioU'H ;
Sir John llaywunl'M Lifo and Kuijifne of lOdwavtl
the Sixt, lb;i(); Lloyd^H Stat, Worthies, pp,
[$()* >>\ ; Prini'o'H "WorthieH of Devon, cd, 1701,
pp. -tun, />00; Mootv/H Dimm, pn,87 l ; Sh-ypw'H
\Vorkn, Itultix ; Ooild'H (Jhurch HiNt. ; I^ullor'H
dhnreh llit.; Dixen'H IliHt. of tho (Ihurch of
l i "u^hmd ; JJurnof/H liuformation ; Kuxo's Act'.cH
and" JWon, ; Olivor'w OollnctioiiH, pp. HI7-8;
MorriH'H Troubli'H of our Oathelie l''orofatliorH t
2nd Her. pp. 202-8, &,; (loott^H Oiviliium, p, !U ;
Burgon'M (hxsHluun, 5, 'J6, 228, &c, ; Ntwmirl'.H
Kt^ortorinm, ii. 347; JluHttMl'H Kwil, i. 207;
Moraut'w I*JHHX, i, U5, 20t>; AHluuoloand Holt/^H
Ordor of the (3art,or; ArchuMjlogia, xxi. tfl), xxx.
405, xxxviii. 100 j Si^a,r*H Uaronngium (Jonoal. ;
H Pforago, vii. 28, 3 ; O, R O.'H Ooniploty
; ViHitution of DovouMhiro, IfiOl (lln-rl,
(3ollc't,ioiH iUustnitinp; tho Hint, of Roman
Catholic Patniluw hi England, od. J, J. Howard,
pt* i.; Mincoll. OonmiL et Uoraldica,now or. ii.
162; Tytlw'B Kdward VI, i, 70, 22S, 427; Lin-
^nrd'n and Froudt^n HiHtorioH; Oont. Mapr. 1702,
ii. 008 ; Hnttlinh HiHt, Kov* July 1804; NotcH and
CiuwiiJH, 7th Hur. ix, 247, 334, 415,] A. K ?
* _J! WILLIAM (1 002-1077), tran-
ktor, the third won of William, second lord
Potro (1575- 1037) of Writtlo in Essex, and
groat-grandson of Sir "William Petre [q.v.],
WUB boni iu his father's house at Ingntostono,
Pet re
KS.MOX, 1*8 July IfiO, Mis mother, who died
in ItilM, was Catherine, second diuuyhtor of
Kdward Somerset, ibnrth ear! of \Ymvortter.
Ills family/who remained Roman ontholie,
had boon steady he lie factors of K\otor('nltei';o
Oxford, whither be wan .sent us fjentlotnun
commoner,, matriouhitiu^ on f> Kob, luTJ at
the early ai4'o of ton, Jn the following' yem\
however, when Wndham College was enm-
plott'd by birt ^rent-aunt, Ihunn Dorothy
Wadhnm, In* migrated thither, nm! * heeame
the iirnl nobleman thereof ( \Voun). In
October lt>i:i IUM eldest brother John died,
ami tho society of K.xet ordodiont od a t hrenody
to the family (ALvaAN, .Kttrtt/ 0,r/ert/ /Vr.w,
p. O'J), "About the same time he \vnsjoineil
at Wadham by bin elder brother Hubert, nnd
tho two brothers, both of whom left without,
taking de^ree.M, presented to tho oollojje t vvn
lino, silver tankards, which \vere fiurrittertl ID
th l eroyalcaus(ouLML)an, ItVlit, A ft or leaving
Oxford lu^ wan entered of the hmor Temple,
StihHei(uontlv be trnvelhd in tlm nmth of
!Muroj)(, juul, nreording' to Wood, ' bcnimo
a pf(Mit. of manyatTomplishments.' In ItJiiU
he iHHtied from St, Omer a trnnslatiou of the
then po'mlar ' MOH Satmtonim ' of the Jesuit
.I'cdro i.o Kibadeueira, originally puhlifihiMl
at. Barcelona in KUU, tbl, The*tnwiishtti*u
which, wan entitled * Livoa of the Suintfi) '
with otluu* Konsts of the Year atvunlmfj to
tlw Roman Oiloiular/ "M continued down to
1(5(14), Tho firflt edition wmri hecnmo nourt'e
and a second, corrocttotl and amended, wa?!
iHflnod ^ at; London in 17< 4 {() f folio,
rondorniff IULH )>eou comnu'nded by
and Isaac Dinraoli, 1 Vtn died 01/111
at Stanford iUvim in I'^HOX which hud been
pi von him by his father, and he wan buried
m the, dumeol of Stanford Rivera church
JIw wlfb Jjuy, daughter of Sir Richard
iHjrmorof Somertcm.O-tfordHlure - by whom '
ho had three HOUH and two dnuKhto'w wan '
hurled by his ido in March 1(171), !
I Wood's jVMujnm Oxon, od, Itli.^, iii, 1M4'
of Wadham, i, 21 ; ' '
Pet re
| s
j.nf . ()t,ysxvMro in bis d qu.sitlon bofor
N blmuid I.rryUodf.vyjq.v.l that h,
l1
n
" l'M!lMnnt.p.n r ml of tho popish army
-<"nr ti m uiviw i, m c , r K Inlul froi
f'^HtvutMiKi*
ot i omtunnKtn Ortoh.T h>rw t and tho li, )UHl i
prompt h Mnit fr tnri.rhi,^'-j, W |i ( , StipOLm s '
mttl i^lnirt.-tl him fu i,s U r wnrnmt.M !nr M!
npinvluniMfiu nf all f| u , p <kfw>n , 4 mentioned
in Unfu/n iufonuatiuti ( ( \wmuwt Journal*
:,y I'HOrt. UlI'S). Ti^othrrwlth fourothrr
K.mmn rntlmUc lunlM iNnvls, l^lasysc,
Animlfl t nnd Stullnn! ubovuuv ninulnrly
nrruwul nf h.-intf do;4itH't! for hiHi ulliro
thi'jtwtilinil nV;im% toiro WHH com-
<*\ltilnfml
him
y
f
iurw, tnn! by flu* pi-wonm' fritind^,and of thu
tnamour oft IIP part ism;4<f()H( (S M tMi tho other
u>M) t when h<rd < Wtlemaino, \vho had m^
m'(|tiently been commit tod, \vns tried and ac
(put tod. A fewimmfiw Inter X'Lsetntut Htnf-
Jord WUM tried, eitn.iemne.l, and executed;
but The pafrmwof tin* plot derived no benefit;
from hja death, mid nntlwttf wan aiil of tho
trial of the other * popish lords,* though tlw
tfovornimi'itt took m tep to release thenu
Ihoirconilnemiwt tloen not api>eur to Imvu
been very ri^onms, N evert hehw Petro, who
WUM already nu nbt man, Hutleretl greatly in
health: find when, in the autumn of 1(KJ,
he, iolt that be had not loa^ to live, he drew
up n pathetic letter to the king, lu this 1m
av; *J have been (Ivo yearns in prison, and,
what in more grievous to mo, bun HO lonff
undor a false and itijtiriotm calumny of a
horrid plot tuid de,Hi^it a^ahw! your ma]eHtio'
pormnnuid goveriuuent, and ilm nmv'by th
(UHpoHitiou of Uod's provitlenee ejiU'd" into
nnoth*r world before 1 eould by a public
t rial nwko my innoeeuce appear/ "Thin lett er
wiw printed, and provoked Homo protestanti
1 Observations/ whi*h wero in turn severely
in']W M 'a di^ ^yoaffl'aCCImf n** ' M> ^ (lf F'*"'* *"*'
in KIM, was Mary daS<>r n?A i ' ! >H " rv " r ' <" Hcimu-k.s upon tlw plmiuiticul
Jrs'sirsH'f; t r ? s -srt'rvs isA iss
EU *JSM$S82> SK&:^Zu^,Ti'i'
GuiHlmcr'sRoniHtur of Wadham, i, 21 <*'r>HinH'ii
JV(TH,ge, vil 30 ; Dodd'H Chuwh HiHt, iii. 278 -
Morants Hist,, of Kwox, ' llmiclnwt of Onvup/
p, 152; ])iraflli' Guri<witi'H of Litunttnrw
Hoynrd'a Roman Catholic J^amilitwof Eniihtiid"
)fc - _
PETEB, WILLIAM,
IBXBK (1^1(184) wan
Jxobort, third lord lUro (IfflKMMH) who
was the great-ffroiit-gnindfton of Sir William
v. I'S I?" V S r ll f mothor ' wll Wft wwiwl
Pctric
97
Pctric
amount of public compassion was awakened,
The remaining papist lords were brought
before the, court of kings bench by writ of
habeas corpus on PJ Koh, I (Ml t, when tho
iwlrws assorted that, the prisoners ought Ion};'
agolo'lwvo boon admit tod to bail. Pet re was
buried among his ancestors at. Ingatestone
on 10 Jan. KWJ -L There is a portrait, at
Thormlon Hall, Mssex.
By bis first wife, ICli/ahoth (//. UUJ5),
daughter of John Savage, second oarMMvens
Petrc bad no issne. ; by his second wife, Brid-
get (d. i('M), daughter of John Pincheon of
Writtlo, he bad an only daughter, Mary, who
was born in Oovent Harden oni!5 March H7i\
married, on !( April HiSW, (looiye Ueneatfoof
Hainton in Lincolnshire, and died on -I June
1704. Tho first, lady \VUH probably tho* Lady
Pctera'slightingly referred to hy lVpy.M( A ->ril
1664) an 'impudent, 1 ' lewd,* and u ( drunken
]iuW The peenige descended in Nucce-'sion to
his brothers John ( IJJlM) lOHl) and Thomas,
and lih latter, who died on 10 Jan. IVOf!, left
by his wile Mary, daughter of Sir TbomuH
Clifton of Lytham, Lancashire, an only non,
Kobort, seventh lord Petre. It was thin Iwnm
who in I7l I ,boingtheu only twenty, and very
'little' for his age, in a freak of gallantry cut
oil" a lock of hair from t be bead of a eelebrat oil
beauty, his distant, kinswoman, Arabella ! 1 W
mor. 'it was to compose the fend that sprang
from this sacrilegious act that. Pope wrote IUH
'Hapoof tho Look/ first published in*' Lintot'H
Miaccllany * in May 17 lsi Lord Petre mar-
ried, on 1* March "l7l*J, not MUa Kermor *-
who about 171(> became the wife of Krune.m
PerkinB of lift on Court, near Heading, and
died in 17ttH'- but a great Lancashire IioirewH
named Catherine Wahuenley, by whom, upon
hiH pnsmattire death on L H J March 17l^ f be
loft a posthumous HOIK, Robert James, eighth
lordPet:ro, The eighth lord married, on 12 May
1782, Ann, only daughter of James lvHdclXHe ;
tho unfortunate oarl of Derwent water \t[.v,'\
(Pop^ff H f ofk^ <ul. Klwin and Courthopo,, v*
96; SPHNOK, AncMlutt'A)*
[Tho Declaration of thft Lord Potru upor hi
death, toucbing tho I'opinh Plot, in a Uttr to
hit* MoHti Sacrod Ma,iHtio, 10H3 (thin Jotter is
reprinted in SomwrH Tract H, viii* 121); ()l*Hr"
vations on a Papwr cuititl<d Tlu* Derlanttioii of
LordPotro; Howard^ Itoman C!atholi J'
of England, pt, i, p 8 ; 0. K, C| gkaymt |'H !
vi, 247; OollinB'H P<turagA,TiKt)0; I/uigaiN
ix. 181, x. 47; Morant'n EHKOX; Evolyn'n Dinry ;
Luttroll'w Eolation, vol. i.j T &
PETEIEj ALKXANDEU (150-tP- 1002),
Scottish divine, born about lf)U4, was third
eon of Aloxtindt^r Petrify merchant tin<l
burgiiflR of Montrofw* 11 studied at tho
university of St, Andrew^ and graduated
VOL. XLV.
M,A. in 11)15. From KtM) to KI.'JO ho was
mast(rof the grammar school of Montrose.
Having nnvived a, presentation to the "parish
of llbyiid, Portbshin*, from (^ha,rbs I, he was
ordained by Archbishop Sjmti.swood iti July
Hi.'J^ and inducted t. ot.be charge by t lie pres-
bytery of Perth. Potrie joined heartily in
the <ov<*nanting movement ,und wan in l(5S
a member of tin* general assembly held at
(Hankow which overthrew episcopacv* In
H(n"ernl nubscqiuMit. asHemhlieH he took an
active part, an a member of committees,
In 10'i'J a Scottish church wan founded in
Rotterdam for Scottish merchants, woldiers,
and Hiulors, and Peti'ie WH selected JIH the
ih*f*t minister by the presbytery of Mdinburgh,
He wan ap >rovod bytiu* general aHseiubly,
and was iinjieted by tho rhiMsls or presbytery
of RotUM'dain on ">() Ang, MU.'J. The .salary
was providi k d by the Slatos-Uoneral and tbo
city nut.horitie,s t and the cluavh toniH k d ]>arfc
of the I hitch eecb'siastical e.stabli^lnueut ; but
it- was exiMUpt. from the use of t-ht^ Outt^b
liturgical formularieM, and was allowed t.o
retain the Scottish usagVH* Thoint<rodnet.iou
of puritan innovations in tluudiurcb at Rot-
t'ordam soon afterwards caused nincb discurd,
as many of the mouthers were warmly at-
tached to the old forms )nvHeribodin Knox'n
Liturgy, Theso dillicultiert werti event uully
ovt^rcome, mainly owitig to Petrie'w inlluenco.
In Hill Petne published at (tot.terdatu u
pamphlet entit led M 1 hilia.Hto Mantix, or tho
Prophecies in tbe Old and New Test ument
fonctM'nittg'tlie Kingdoinof onr Savioui".I(wutJ
(,'hrmt vindicated from the Misinterpretations
of the Millerjaritw, and H[>ecially oi Mr, [Ro-
bert | Matmt (<{.v. ,iuhi i'>o<)k culled'* twad'a
Rcdtm':>tion" ' MatonVbook lind bceti taken
np by t w independents und baptist H, and had
been widely circulated among PotrieVt ilook,
and t bis pam]ldet was writ! en aw an antidcjie.
In I (US) Potrie wan omploy<ul in some, of tho
neg(tiat ions with Uliarlew H^v-ho was then,
in Hollnnd. During tJu^ later years of his
life ho devoted much time to tbe preparation
of bin great work, 'A UompondiouH History
of the i'utholic Church from tho your t!00
until tho year KKK), showing her j)eforma
lion und tie format ion/ &(?., a folio volnnm
il at the Hague by Adrian Black in
iiJ. TIw ohie-f iut-ereHt of tho work, wbioU
nftiderabli* learning and iwHireh^
Hen in tho fact that it contains copious
extracts from tbe records of tlio early general
aHeinblieH of tbe church of Scotland^' which
were destroyed liy fire in Edinburgh in 170JL
P0tn^ died* in September IOU& lift was
highly esteemed by hi fallow-citizenH and
by tlw Dutch <sl(rgy t , aud the congregation
largely mcreaaod duriag his ministry* Ther<*
H
IVtric
is a portrait uf Petne in pns.,, -HMJ d' fh>
nmsintopy, of \\hich nu rtuintuinf M f o\rn
iu StevenwV * History of the Scnttifh t 'hureh*
Rotterdam/ It IN a face iudieut iM i olVni:iMMty
and foreeof ehnrneter,nnd <loK n>l bi-lie the
reputation Petrie had of |>o,Mv^ing H nune*
what hasty temper.
He loft two MWS - Alexander, winif-ter of
theScotw church at Delft ; (ieor^e, nn upo-
thennry -and three daughters; ('hrif'litm,
married to Andrew Snyp*s nnd'tiT nf the
Scots church at Tampvere ; Uobel, married,
first tu William Wallace, tuerehnnt Niv*<lly
to Robert Allan; and Ktapeth, married to
(l(org j e Murray.
[Hcut.'s Knsti Mci'l, Srut ; StrvMi's IIiHt, of
tlin Sent ( ihh ('butch, h'otlerdutiii HiuHtt*\ l^l"
Rdin; WilsortV I're^bvtcry uf !*'rfh j th<iSt'otti'h
Ch-urch, ,H<jtt,ovduu, iioOlh Aiusivrrwtry, \ty'4T'
fluin, IK!)-!,] tf, W, S, |
FETEIB, OKl)U<iK (l7W-lKiUM, Irish '
ant.itniary, only child of JamcM Petrte, por f
ttait-pint(r, wjw burn iu Ihiblin in IVSiK
HiH grandfather,, alno nnuHul ,la!nt\H t was n
nativo of Aberdeen who had nettled in Ire- j
laud, and IUH mother was daughter of Snrln*- '
vorel Wimprton of Hdinbur^h, hi IV W h*
%vft w,nt to tho Hchool in l>ublin of Samuel
"White, who wn.s tluiN(*hoolmnnttrof Hichnrd
Briunley tSheridan (<|. v. | and of Tttomns
Mooro [q, v. | lie attendtul the arl whool nf
the Dumm nucwty, and before he waw four- g
tou wan u warded tlm Httver im'dul of the j
fiocurty for drawing a group of iipfurcM, lie !
early hucainc dcsvoied to t-he Mttidv of Iri.sh I
anti(|uitit^, and in IHOH travelletrin \\1ek-
low, and made, not en of InnhmuHie, of eecle
siastieal architecture, and of ancient earth-
"worhn and pillar-Htoum Ue vinited \Valef*,
making landHCapc HkeJeheH, in 1H10, and in !
1818 came to London anil wan kindly treated
by Benjamin "West, to whom 1m had an in*
trocluctiotu
After his return to Ireland hft painted
landscapes, chicly in Dublin, WitMowv Kil-
dare, tho King'n Ocmnty, and Korry, anrl
In 1810 ho exhibited at Bomoraet *Houo
pictures of Gleiubiloug'h and Uiunntaluw,
'^ofch In "Wicl<low, Lord Whitworth bought
them. In 18^0 Pet.rie contributwl ninety-
six illustrations to Cromwell's * KxcurHionn
In Ireland,' and afterwards many otlusre to
Brewer's ' Beauties of Ireland,*' to (j. N.
"Wright's 'Historical Guide* to Dublin/ to
"Wright's 'Tours, 1 and to tho 'Guide to
WIcldow and Killarrmy/ Kfmrly all thtwa
Illustrations deserve caroful study, and havo
much artistic merit as well as absolute anti-
quarian fidelity. At the first exhibition of
the Royal Hibernian Academy in 1820, Petrie
exhibited a largo picture of Ardfinane, a
IVlrie
r
Jio i'\ht!n;rd fhn m .\c year 'Tho Uound
T*\\rr nj 1 KillmnwM/<nt Unhvny, and M)uu
Anu;ttM/ H jtrit en- lul in Anummr, <o, (Jal-
\\ \ , !Io \VJIM rlrrfml nn nnulcwirtnn iti iKi'H,
nn! t'vhihitiMl 'Th< Tuvlvt* Pins in Ooniio-
innrn^n i:r>np if ,^lmr|>. pm'nf.ul itnuiutninH,
iwd'TJv' Ln.sf lltiiutdnt'tlu' rii^rtinsnt (-Ion-
inni'HtiM\* lit liS'fl) lir nnttUcd 'Tin- Knight,
and flu 1 Luily ' nwl * ( *tt':di i nn Ahhcv/ u ruiu
sn flu' ilrid uj int"'h known ns'MtiiH tw
isihro,* fn tin* n},'hf nf flu- mad frnni TluirhH
to UnM'ivii, t Hi* wit;. npjmintiMl lihriu'mu to
th* Ilihrrninn A^mli'iuy in IK-'lo, und ox-
hibifrd f'iv pii'ttin* 1 *, and in Is:u nitK\ hi
flu* t'tinw of hisMutlifs for tlso pirturc
mlo nutnv (OWN throii},t}mnt Indaiul,
thoroughly ,**lndir<! t *hi!iHutntoi,Hi%(Niti^ t Ktl-
tVnoru, fhn Arnu trdniul,H t and nmny otlmr
oivit^iiiMhriii rtiinN,
\\'hi*tt <';',Mir utxvny j<(.v. | lH\t'nu tlm
* Ihihlin IVntty Jtntnuil, 1 of which (ho fh'Ht
jiuiuhi'r nuprartMi ini *tO .hum IHIW, Pttri
juitunl him, ititd wro<o tunny nuti(|uarian
nriirh'M in thr tirty,six weekly inimhorn
which n|ijmfnv<L Ho wan thf^Ho(<* editor of
tho ' Irifih rinty Journal,' which npj)*nrod
for u )nii' in iHli?, Both i'tmtuitx nitudi ori*
|,'jtuil iufofiuntiou on Irijih history never lu
for^ printed, find the bt'Mt nrliclrH nro tluw
of Petrif titu! John O'l>onovn jq. v. | IVtri
jnturil thi" Koynl Irtnlt Acndetnytn 1H1 J H, wn^
rhM k t*u! nn itr* council in IHl^i, jmd vvorkf^d
hard to improve tin um.*<euiu and lihrtiry. At
ihoHnle of tht* lihrnry of Austin f -oopcr iu
18*H he discovered nnd |>urrhaefl the auto-
gTanh cony of (lie st'Ofitul part of the, * Annuls
i of the Kingdom of IrelnmVniiled by f'ol^nn
the, * AnnnlH of the Four Mimtern.* Fnr thu
inuwMun hU<wrUoNH procure* If he reli(|iiary
known IIH tluMToHMof ^on/r, tlio nhrine called
1 Uotnhniteh nir^id/ niul tho IhtWHOt; <K llcti-
lion of Iriwh ntititjutti^m.
From IH'IJJ to 1KIB he, WHH ttttafhed to tho
ordnance, mirvey of Jrelund , and, next to John
O'Uonnvuu, WHH tlto inemher of therttalF who
did moHt- t< prw*rve lonul hintory and his-
torical topography. 1 1 in sttulioH on Tara/
writtwi in Novemhor IHilT, we.re publinliod by
thfl Royal IriHh Acirdewiy UH an * l^nay on the
Antiquities of Turn,* it work which contain**'
all that in known on the topography of tho
ancient <mt of tlw chief Fm^H of Tndund,
More may probably be learnt by careful ex-
cavationMt utid certainly by a fuller t^onRide.ra-
tlwi of Irish lit<irahintthun Petne, who was
ignorant of Imh, cmtld pivw; but every orw
whohttH vinitecl th locality can terrify to tho
accurac.y of Petrie and to this cholnr-lilw
Petrle
99
Petric
character of his mot hod of invest tuition, The i
first memoir of the survey appeared in 1MU,
but the government of tin* day soon after
decided to stop this invaluable public ^work
on the ground of expense, A eommisMnn
was appointed in 1HW, which recommended
the continuance of tin* work, after examining
Petrie and other witnesses, but, no\ert he-
loss, it was never resumed. The Royal Irish
Academy awarded IVtrie a ^old medal for 1
his essay ou Tara ; hut Sir WUHam lletham ,
[q, v.], whoso theories on Irish ant ignition |
had boon demolished by Petrie, WUMSO much !
opposed to this well-dcsrrved honour that, he
resigned his seat ou the council In 1H1W
Petrio was awarded a gold medal for an
* Kswiy on the Origin and I'sewof the Hound |
Towers of Ireland,' and this wan published,
with many additions, under the title of 'The,
KcclcHiast'ical Architecture of Ireland,* in
18-15, with a dedication to bin two warmest
supporters in IUH studies, I** 1 * Willumi Stokes
fq. v.'| and Viscount. Adare, afterwards third
carl of 1 hmraven ( see (j ,u i N, KM w i N K t c H v un
W,i>n> HAM, Many bnokn hail b<'en written
on the subject before this es,siiy ntd main-
tnine,d 0111^01' other of th^ vicw^ that these
towevrn, of whi<di there are wt/ill reinainn of
more than a hundred in Ireland, were Pluent-
cian fmv-tompleH, t^owern of H>reererM antro- ^
nomical olwervatorlt^H, (-(^litres for religious j
danccHj tempi eH of X'^Hta, mtmtretN for pn
claiming annivernnrieH, watt k htower,s of the
Danes, tombn, gnomouM, hoimw of
all thoHohypot]u*HeH,Hhowed that the towers
wero Ohristian (M'desistHtical buihling'H of
varioun datoH, and that in HIHUO cnnen the
actual year of building wan fisct^rtuitiablo
from the chronicles, II is evidence in abundant,
admirably arranged, and conclusive ; but. tin*
groat advance in knowledge which it- repre-
sents can only be appreciated by tookinp; at
the previous writings on tlie nuhject, An
*MflHy <m (Iw Military Archstecture of tnv*
land' was lujvorprinlt'tL
Besides tluvse, ho wrote nnmorouH papern
on Irish, art in <lescriptton of various auti-
quitiea, and all of tluwe contain cartiful and
original investigationM, 1 1 e, H!HO made a col-
lection of Irish inHc.riptioiiH, which httn Hinow
his death btuni <uUte<l f with additioiw, t>y MIHH
Margarot St.oken, with tliotitlci of * ('hratian
Insciriptions in tln^ Irish Languagi^,* In
1BICJ ho had written an * MuHuy on Munic * in
tlio ' Dublin Examiner/ imd l\u wiw demoted
throughout Hio to Irish music, collecting 1
airs wherever ho tray*}l!e,d, and playing th<m
admirably on the violin, In lH6^ lie pub-
liRhetl 'Tha Anftituit Muwts of Irelana, 1 it
collection of Bongs and airs made iu all parts
of Ireland, ou which many muwieiana and
musiral writ<rs luive Hinarioviod e.onlribu-
tions. A second volume was projected, but
never appeared. He received this honorary
degreoof J J^I). frcHU the uuivermty of Dub-
lin in 1S47, and in ! SiO a pension on theeml
list, To his last years lie travelled in Ireland,
in 1H.">7 ni^(\n visil<><l the inhss of A ran, ami
in autumn 1HOJ miule his last jounu\y to t.ho
one region he had never seen," the, Old Ulen
in the parish of Ulem'oliunluUe in .Donegal,
a region c.tmt.ninin/jc many (Mirious antitpiities
and numoroiiH ;>rimitiv(Mh k se(MidantH of (Jo-
nail (iullmn. I !"o <Utl at hiHliousi^ in (Charles
Street^ Oubliu, on 17 Jan. IS<5<>, and was
buried in Mount Jerome cemetery, near Dub-
lin, He was throughout life a disintercHtecl
.student, of Irish architecture, decorative art^
music, and topography* and to all the.se sub-
jtM'ts ma<le permanent aud importtmt contri-
tuitions., He, Deemed di^void of any ambition
but, that of making" lus Hiibjor.t, cloar, gavo
generous hel| t-o many other worknrM, and
wns belovtul hy alarjfo circle of frit^nds, His
lifo has l>et^n a,dnurably writt,ui by hi.s friend
Dr. Willimn iS(okos t atid contains a list of his
papers rend l>efon* the Koyal Irish Acad(*my t
of bin contributions to the 'Dublin Penny
Journal * awl the * Irish Penny Journal/ and
of his ilhwt rations to books,
[Sf okcs*H Life tmd I^aboarH in Art and Archiipo-
loujy of (H^or^e INtt.riis Londotu 18(JH ; <}pavoH*H
I'Jluf'n on ihti lato (itoorgo Petrb, Dublin, 1800 ;
WorkH,) N, M.
FKTIilE, HKNHV CirOH^lH-iti 1 ), anti-
cjuary, bornin 17(JH, was tht^sonofndaiHuiig'-
mnster wlio nwidod at Stockwell, Humy.
HM wns probably connected with John Petno,
M,l\ for Surrey in 17SHJ, Tho son \van in*
tendctl to follow in his fathorVi profession,
hut HOOU showed an aversion to it, and
devoted himself to autuuariau resiiardu
Through Thomas Frognal Dihdiu |q. v,"],
whom IVtrio i naid t.o havo instructed in
tin* art of deportment and dancing, ho was
introduced to Ueorj(o Joint, second earl
Spencer jq. v . who warmly wicouragod his
reHtnirc.hoH, t'otrio fornuul a clo<^ frusudaliip
with Dibclin, and wmthwHl him valuable nid
in the production of his bibliographical works,
On tho death of Rainuel I^ysons [q[*v.] in
IK 10, INstrm wan appoint <d lasepcr of tbo
records in tlw Tow<r of London.
After prolonycl atudyof the materials for
early Kn^lish history, Potrja about 1816 con-
eotvVd the project <if publishing a complete
'corptiH hiHtoricum' for the period, A
shnuw achemo had been suggested by John
i r mkrtou q, v*] about 1790, and Jceetily
iulvocated by Gibbon, It came to nothing
IVfrir ' > IVtrte
through t lihtiiw^ d<ath,mui IVfrxn;/ fh> f *KTKI 1*1, M A liTI N i ls-J^ lK>;M,coIomd
first to tvuvi* if, Uwiiif: 1 s ! * !'.d l^U* . ( s t^num | Junr Ix'M.nf tbn MnuorII)us 1
WV'H housf* to I'lirlbrr ih p'.'-vvf ; ii * T.IJ;-! **n of rmntuKsin -^"iiornl William
Utfjwl I hut no Mich srlu'tnr nmU br unIi r " lVfn- (t/, IM*,' i, t\ ho hud MVU mMuvMM'viw
tnkou by privatt 1 <*ttrrpri'', mid ait Mppr 1 ,;! , in Kv**{<* If.-iU ,anf f ; nm'i\ IliatnnthorMui 4 -
Win much* for pvnun'nt jud, IV? nr \\*\< , /jnv* \\a< tbiiiijhh'r juul odirirt'.vt nf lloutv
wdcrfiul to dnnv up n plun, Hi'* mm N .v- f ' MiH>iHf f hMMw ,r t Knlii'bl, (\!oind IVtn'o
rnulio th l>od\ of niaft'rinb' to lo puhr *t l _ \\,r, 'j\th in !.-, cr-nf fVfia \b\jnidrr I 1 **!!'!!*,
fvimi (iv*i4v uiul Uoniun writi'tv rnutiunut," un! hr ,fiuM!i'<'d t tin* Tiipf of Uood Uopr,
nil rtdoi'piun's fo<MU'!y Uritjun j rtpi" nf ndl ; *it \\ toi'h fd/iff = hi >f,;tfSni In-ld uppoIutnHnUs,
inscriptions on Kton or nun'blo j nl) !r(tfr^, : In \omh hf* w,-, rhirfh in l ; rtin('<% fialviuid
oluirli'i'S, hullut, prorrrdm^'i of rtunu'il 1 - nud * Irnnuns t >n 1 I \ pnl 1 s In' hn rtilrfcd MM
Hynoil.m IU\VM rn^nniiui.i of mins ui'l}l, unu\ u - n ru 'i/nin thr rnn! .Newfoundland
nnd sonlrt ; bivad*"-! ^'iirnil !ii>torn* nuuul'i, cnrp's uul ,." i r\<*t| lor fb*\iMi yt*urM iu North
and chrouitd*^ of Kiufhuul, iwd Iu >to'iiv nf . \iufn'n f InH-^nun,^; n luMiftMwnt on 7 Jan,
Tin* plan WIIM pfr.Mtutft'd to tin* rviird<*ow f s '' h* f ^.'i trnn <frrivl to f } 1 Uh foot n^i~
KniKHiou iu JHlil, and wa.i wutrfioncd by the ninil, urtd b'fl N\\ fouuillntul on *() March
ffovcrnmrnl fttid pnrltHiiunit, Tin* vvtirKoom- iu tin* i-nuill ;.i'itnjfM* \'r;.fn, \\hich rnrrtiHl
tiuau'od in tSi, v !, with IVlrii* n: chii'f idf't\ ' t urttf \--fi *nr pn^'irn^rf'i, ,'nvin of t)iitu, iu*
UHHihltnl by \\w lt*v Joht\ Stuii"p (17*51' " rhuluts'( 'ttpftutt I\*tnf% hiMtij^dlirorson Ihrir
1H50) [(j. v.'| Tin* \\Vbih pnriiou \vu^ **u- wji\ to jojn h-'nuiMif ?t in tlw t'rimvn, \Vtu i u
trustiMl to Johti IhuullVt'YH 1'urry { rr^o' f fhivr huudrt^I tuil"t itfl'St, John'.M fht* v"Mi"l,
1HU5) 1 1[. vjaud to Awurin O\\in ' {* \*\ ulri'udv d:unu^i'it by irr-Jlor.M, wn,H cnn^bt iu
nnd wan jiubltshcd in 1 ^ 1 1, Thoiiuiin port i*n n ti*rnlir Mrw, uml th*< rn^inc-room \VH
ontrusti'd to Prtrit* pr<n'iMubnl Htmdih until - UoodoL Prtrit-'n niiM'httnintl skill nd grfnt
18iW, \vluu it was iuti'iTUjiti'd by bin ilhuwi, (*tnMijiiM j tmhh'd hint tt nvi t ho whip, Ilrt
liut, in IWio, \vhrn th' wholr t<*xttsf th*iir,*t - wu;^ t*n!lnt thf * hvru tf tbo V^sta;' hut bin
volvuuo hud b<H*u compl^tfuttund n. luiv,^ <*! lutudM \un** MI wrvotrly birtu'titcil ivud front*
lection rf mHtcriuU muih^forfurthcrvolumr,'^ bitten thut h* wfH tnviilidi'd for HOIIU* timo,
the work wan twsp< i mhd by n,u orttri* of th ttnd *ou!l not prormi to flw (Vim^a.
record cominiHHumi'rH, duo to a mUundor- In May iHots l y *-{ri* join*ul tho Uoyiil HtalT
Jitanding' hctwoi'ii thoni ttnd I'l'triis ^Nllv^i',nnd in hivi**ni'j* IH*"K h<^ pnnw*d tlus
JV.triiuliculuunmnninlatKUH'kwidl, Surrey, linn! rxiuuinut ion, coming out tirst on thulwh
on ITMurch l-Ht"2 t bt i iorc-t'h' i undt i rlstkiijg < wnH Ut*wusuttiu*hi'd to flu* topographical depurl-
roHiimod. Onovolunw WUH rtmilly<'omjih*t<*tl m*t of tin* wr ojllr from 10 Mitrrh IH50 to
aad jmbliflhtHt in 1K1H ly Sir ThmuiiM IlnSfiw iuJuiu* l^rM ; mid tn iHtin, tlnrin^ hi first v<*ur
Hardy [fj.v.], who liadb*Mni truiwul by t Virus !lM'n%hi brought ouf u Mfnudnrd work in t.iin)
It bore tlui tith* 'Motuuiutnta Ilistori^n. liri* viduiu'*t<, * Tin* Sivris^tfi, C'otupoMlt.iou, and
tatinica, or Miithrinln for tho, History tif ( trout i h^ititiwtf ion of tho Artnirs of Muroju*/ show-
Britain from tho KarlieHti IVriud to tin* Nor- ing tin* unntml rovinui* nnd military <. \'uw-
nian OontjiuiHt.' Hardy cl(tu>wl*dgiul valit- ditnrnofcnrh count n% with itw total foma
able aid dorivtKl from IVtrh'.V mamwrriptH ift in p<fu*t* nnd wr, lii I.s<>1 h* publiHluul a
hifl 'Doaorntivi* Catalogue olf AtatorinlH pub* \olnmo giving' mon* d^titibnl infunnntion re-
Kotull Scaccarii Normanniu^,' IHiWI, 4t<>; ami turn, C Joinpsmit iou f and Stivugtli of thn Army
hia translation of the oarlior portion of tht of (Jrout lirifiiin/ which wush<*d a fifth
' Anglo-Saxon Ohronirlw* was rtvrint(d from edition in IHCI7. IVfrb alno rompilod two
rhft Monumenta ' in tho * Oliurcla Hktrmaiw immirtunt volumw, ' Kqtjipmont of Infantry'
of England/ 1854, vol. ii, pt. I and * llonpitd Kqulpmtmt/ f 185(J), forwinpr
[ProfMOK to tho Monuments and l^mhtw ? an of ft , ^ . w { f rm * v f ^ ui S!" AM
Catrtlo^ue by Sir T, I). Hardy; Edinburgh Rev - on *f P ono<l ot 'gtot'tm ymrw ( 1H(J4-18B2) he
xlvi. 472 ; Dibilin'w Bibliogrkphiiil Deeamwrm,* WttK ^w i military admmwtnitum at
prtssitn, Literary Companion, i, 103, KM, lf4 thj t t*ff coHg, ami luttorly at tho Royal
3*20, and Lit<Wry Bamloiscnce, pp 453, 710! MilitarjrColIg itlw, JIw hooawtrt inaior on
717; Gent, Mag* 1834 i, 375, 1842 ii.' 661*4* 13 July 1807, anflxclmn^d tot IMA 07tJi foot
1851 ii. 628; Annual R*gitor f 1842, p, 258; on 18th Hflc.: iu July I87lih r^tin'don huJf-
Oortot's Biogr. Diet,, fctappl, ; Manning and pay, in IWJhftcumu colnne*l,ftndtn 1883 with-
Btay s Suwoy, ii. 233, 235.] A. ft & drew from tlus urrau, Tetno awl wma
Petrocus
toi
PetrUcci
papers on military matters at; tho Royal
United Service Institution, of which ho was
a member ; and as an enthusiastic freemason
he was master of tho Ht* JolmX Newfound-
land, lodge, and a member of tho Quatuor
Coronati lodge in London, 1 lo took itn active
interest in philanthropic and roligiousjvork,
and was a trustee of tho 1 VMOOHS M airy V illag'o
Homos.
JLVtrio died on 19 NOT, IHO'J, at- his IIOUHO,
Hanover Lodges Kensington Park, London,
and was buried at K ensal ( \ riMn HIM wife,
Elcanora (h-ant, ymngeHt daughter of Wil-
liam Maedowalfof Wooltnet House* Mid-
lothian, and granddaughter wf Sir WilHam
Dnnbar of Hum, bnroue.t, died on IH Jan.
1886", leaving two daughters, of whoin^ th<
elder, authonss of MJlewH to Hnl^Wnt^
"U-h<uviloof IVolVssor"*
,
Is an honorary missionary of 1 IK* ( 'hureh Mis-
sionary Society in Kashmir.
I Private information ; war Me** words, (
(L A, A.
PETKOOTJB or VKTKOOK, HAINT (JL
CCOP). [S l'iwiiou,|
PETBOK1TJS (tt t Ofit), fifth abbot of Ht
AuguHtiuofyOantorbury, IH said to have been
a Roman, and to havo*h(Mn 1jallt>wo<l ahhot
of Bt. AuguMtmrVi by Arohbishop HoiioriuH
[q, v,] in '(MO, two" yours aftor tlui <lat(^
aHHigned to tho diMith of hw ju'iuh^onsor
GrutioHUH, Thin delay in oxpluhuul by tho
snppoHition that 'UonoHiiH WJ\H uhswifc on
somo journoy. Tlw\ <bito nHsi^nod to tho
death of Putronitift in (J5 1. r rturo was ^noro
cord or tradition ofhm place of burial in tho
lifteonth century, 3tw>r IH thorn any early
authority known for hirt exiHtt k ntw. An
6})itnpli doscribeH him an a good tuau,ft teacher
ofhie inoiikH, and a lovov wf purity.
fRlmham'flHist 1 ,. S, Attaint, ( s ant pp. 17/J, lB:5 y
ed, Hardwick (HollH Sm 4 .) ; Thoni'n Oliro. H.
Axi^uwL (Jaiiti. col, 1700, (1, Twymhm j Homnor'n
Antiq. of Ouut. pt ii. p. UM, wl tlmtoloy ; l)u^-
dulu's MouaHtiftotj, i. T20 ; I)ict (Ihr, liio^r,
art, MMroniuH ' (/3) by Binhop-BtubbH,] \V.JL
and soldier of fortnuo, bfrn at Sieiuij wan won
of Aridauto Pjt-ruc.ci, alias I'tstruocioli, * no-
bile' of tbo territory of hilipKanO) Tuscany*
Tho father HCTVCC! under Orwino, count of 1*0*
ligliano, in tho Venetian flor/vieo agninst tho
Turks, dintingulahed hiintK in- the capr.uro
of Castol Nuovo, and diod of a wound eig'ht
days after hit* retura. Ludovico was (iducatod
inTiiBcany, butHiibBOfjtiontly bocumo a flolditw
of fortune* Having' nsnouncod catliolicsism,
he was imprisoned by the inquisition at
i > adun, remaining in prison four years (see
in bin Karrngo his poems 'sopra la cruclelta
del rn(|uiisitor di IVdova'),
Ho ^h( k .n ontonul tho aervleo of Venice,
deMeribint^ lunistdf as at the time ' povoro
momlieo, and obtained in H50J5 tho grade of
worving'*niuj<n% 8ubs(M|uent1y he traiiHforrod
hin\H(lf to tho imperial artny, and .served in
tho Hungarian warn in the ro^ime.ntM, lirat
tvf ( onnt. Hulnuif and tlieu of bVrdinand do
Kolonitweh. In 1(507 he boeamoa captain in
tho Hungarian tirtny, llo Huhsotiutuntly en-
ten v d the service of tho Priuee ot Hraiidou-
burg and Neuburg, and nnt HOUK*. KngliHh-
mt v u aft Diisseklorf, According to IUN own
Hlur.ettu'nt in his k Apologia/ lu % w v rvod nine
years * in hello llungarieo;' but this can only
apply to tho whole of IUH stay in Hormauy*
I\l fc etittg wit-1) no HUIVOSS in hiw military
career, he removed to Mnghmd in U>10, and,
vi.siliug Oxford ou the recommendation of
the Marl of Pembroke, * entered into tho
public library in the beginning of tho year
following/ lie boeamoa commoner of SL
Kdmund I lull-, and bit er of Balliol, In spito
which ho obtaiiuid to tho con-
Ac-
trary, he wart HUHpoeted in tho university
of being a spy mul popl
lshly
cordingly, 1m was* forced, or at lennt
to depart., ' such was tlu* jmlousy of tho
puritan party in t-luv university/ Wood do-
Hcriln^ him as *phantttsticaU J and unaot.tled
In mind. J u his * Apologia ' he prijxta Bevoral
eortilieatoH of IUH coulbruiity to the church
of Knglnnd during his stay there, ^ A n opmtlo
1 ( landitlo I jot tons' in IUH * Apologia/ is dated
from thw .Fleet, 10 ,h*ly 1019, wluir<^ ho was
in prison, (kangor inent/ionH a portrait.
Petrueci wrot(H; U* Kaccolta d' alcuno
rime del cavaHn*e Ludovie.o Petiruce-i, nobilo
f PoHean<s in pin luoght & tempi conrwato o a
(livtTsi pnincipi doclicnto; con la m'.va dolle
HUO pomuuitioni/ Oxford, lOL'J ; in Italian
and Latin ; dedicated in prone to^ King
James, and in verso to all tho royal family,
Tho ':>oemH themHolvt\H consiftt of adulatory
orot ter addn^HHO to various notabilituiB, in-
eluding Ikcon and Archbishop Abbot, with
occasional insert inns of proso lottcrn sent to
lum,an(lofcortiIi<'.atHofchanicttir, Tho work
concluch^s witih a kmg mid critical enumora-
tiou of h'"w patirons, "nicluding many Oxford
men aiu'U'JngliHh -politicians ^* 'Apologia
^quitln Ijudovici ,n4vrucci contra calumniar
tores HU OH una cum rcBpoiwiono atl UboUum
i\ JeHuitis contra poromnfrimuwi Leonardum
Donatum ducom Vem^vum promulgatum/
ai>poarul at London in "HH9, with portrait by
Thomaw PotJuHivry (Italian and Latin) ; the
work IB imperfect, and does not include the
reply to- the josuits mentioned in the title,
IVtrus 102 ]\-tt
It IK diMlinitiMi to KitH? James with \rr* nd- '.tu! to hiito t-*<it hit/hl\
drrfcsosto his uiriou'i Kngli .hjMifivm, Th-u tinn, -.u that fW lit ." wdo
tbll)WM 11 furraptof viT-'-rNj urrati\*\ ocrtiti- ftif nn\ notwif':'\ ilit
wipriutod'* Lifo o
t pfta Nmt j |im |
nu him U ivni b
him tvHjtltod from u ptul of tin* jr'-niH, < W" I\tfM\' written h\
Unynl MSS, l\^ vil * IK HIM! it v, r'-rhn^^riViM'nuiriilmhum
|Tho only anthoritv i^lVtnn^M'h MMttrtvil i?d t"''l'n in b'i 'HoMory of tho Monastery*
tnoohwnt HtiUomoiits and 'rt1i|Vnf o jti bn t p, UK Mnffir;uin|," \\ rsf UK? in tho HOVOU-
ynrkw, from *hi<h Wood Uthniif, it, ;'/.'Mu*< f r-nTh ivnfnrv nitd ijui.iintr from tho records
oonipilyd a notw, Ot, ^ 4 |';'' ^mutu; ^f,t >d fh<- rhtnvh of Bmtbvms iri\*\H HonuMmr-
NotoHa d Oi i '*' ; I! f * "' i;, 1 , 11 - ; M J * )Ut t'''M.'ir. of h'. lifi, on \\titrlnt ^ouldnt loanti
UOUOM, *m nt,xu,r., f,j* v- f j a | j,, t fifl j,, f(l | t( ^ Mtt y.4 rr ,f), f,uoh UH thai
1 IVfriH \um fnt|d\,'|l f,y KtlndbiTt toprotuih
IWTPTT*4 tit *IM'1M r it * r v '" "" V" ' ; nil V l 'V' lir * l (Iul Mo NVlUl
UU KUH O/, ,<H hp fn%l ul.bol o( M, , m -v ,, ( f h n In-, hitluf s *,MV itMrrtio, that ho
.UjLTUHtinow Abhoy, ( antorburv, \MO* buth n \%Mi'Ki-t nurarl*"' nitd that htn body \VMH
mm^ml^^ trntrdnf.d t.. H.mb^u,. by nn 'rnrl iuum-d
, j t nnd \\;nmo r,f f )MMMW I'nni'-rf JUM. ih-, nbii \\inK'pt nt rnutorbury,
h\h or tho iM^uuunff of *W, At^UMitu' 'M'ltt uinrur.dtnn jd,ir-. it tu i Jntt, whioh, it in
Imn in company with La\vrMor or I,Mtrt*tt- ? { tiivr-trtl> "inm hmr IMTU thi day if IUH
titiH |i|. v.), nflorwiintH nrohlii^hnp of < 'iuh'f , trfiUHbilpto Sn 1111*0,
burv,to Popo(ro^in toinin<uinot*t!t*Mtoo".i tu t ,
of tW mission mid in lav bidoio him r.n'titm ; ^ l !'' t '! '. ,' /' iT 1 " 7l , ;i if (Ksi| 5 l niMl> '
w, Hoimtmrontlv brotp hi hoi ft" t'" / *''hu!;,uu Hrf, Moii, ,s, AMI*, Cant., pp.
o]noM ui t01, iMholborn<yj;M' (!<>) ' Th<ni*iS Cbr.n, M, Au>* Cunt. fok 1700 (i ^t'
.<in|f Ot Kont, WH bin dinir tb i rv*dr * ltfi'**tn VriMnM HtH-<kt' /',,f A*
,_. , v ,i .j , ., **n * ** * i>,i "( ii, ,ij< t'oii^ni oui|n; HHtiiVM vuf,, of
ry ot Sh, I otonmd PnuUiit*n'oiI{rd Muion.i!'., *, VIM; 7 l Hoth N-f,); Acfa SS. Ord,
ht, Aug-iiHtmoH, nt th*. timo of AH^UN- Urn, n, t ; Adu SS, i:*iJUm!,, Jiuimir.v, i, ifif-i^;
tiiiOH doath, find Potrusi WHN itpptmitod its ' Miiibruno^ hit !\Jttri}h t i, i*Hi H*; Hotuacr'n
firnt. nbbdt, Jlin nnmo nppofirK ui u chitrtrr ! Anfti^ot' C>ut(t'r1*nry, j*( *, pj, llU ( tn!,l!4tti*hiv;
appoint mnt,HH abbt>t t and in a ohnrtor of ^^bl.-*.) " *\v. jj,
AngUHtiim oom^rnmg tin' oxompliou of tlio ' PKTT, PKTKU (r/. loHti),
bjmwn, but botti aro umloultdly itpurtoun < wri^itt nt Il'|tiord IM loM*riln'd UM uir
(^^MHAM,pp, 114, 1H* til), Whilo fullillinfjf ; ^nintNouof 'lliionui-s Pott <f Skint on ii
timiKmonUHiaulornvlucdihobmlbooitwoiit i b^rbtinUhK Niiii;, IWitrw* <*f thr "'
; Vui 11 V """*" '' m iinrii win ' iM'nniui ii t y, ,Mivi; t fanny rtw uf f/tr hwt/Atfi,
by lUhidbert, lio WHH drowmut in a crotdi of , jp, Ifm tt), But SKipfi.n w in VorliMhiro^tiul
Tiiowia at A miltt r Amblotoiwo, a nhtirt ' thoMKhhoim'orhmkinnmYhHViMotthnUntho
<ustaiuto worth oi Hoitlo^io, probably on .north, it w nw>riMnlmblo*thnt ho boluuwd to
r J /'j c - ; lotl l !l^ ll , f of l ( 'tt, iv^ I tin fwinilv of tlm uaino which onrly in the
ny^i.imluim an fl()/ dopowh* on tho dut*^ ftioth rimtnrv nwnnt iimporty at si Hi. b
juwimea o tho doiith of A % nwtino t for it in tho parish of sWW.iirv HI K^nt. (HAHTHD,
v t 7 hhnhttm . t() hl j v< \ t}lk<l I'lttW* mio ///^ f c / /mi^ ii, fc'o ;> Hovwood ntatrd
y(mr 8 vn mmithH ami tlm>o wiu4c nft f . r - in HMT thm for two lutndrod yoarn and
Ilt{, iii -^ i *ny*arof Aj(UHtini upwurdn men of tho name luul boon oillcors
*n W l ! m i n 'itJ?* Pta iV, !y llwwtfti * ItH ^ *"l firclutoof^ in tin* rftynl navv ((^IAKKOCK,
i^ll' \ rt* Ti T L M \r 1>lrt ^ tlw /7 ' W ' ^ ' tf '"'' W ^^iWi//v; H. SH4). It
2vi7ri ^ l r dy f ^'"w witlwmt tt,4itfmri woli o.tabtbhod that 1'ott'n fethw,
3 An - T ?W r* \ wt knowi K whi) l n .w> 1 Vtor f wn.n ^.itlod at Ilnrwich, probal!y
TcL il "! aCU W i ^" ht ft PW l ! 7 Vt im a Hhiptnuhipr. IVtt himnctf wiui oortainly
mrurZ^' aiU l t h ? H 10 ! VO<1 in thft in tIm*rvi(MM,f Uioormvn from an oarlyn K .f;
H v n W T th ' IWt f l ? hltlmt lw w l >" WUH alrnuly tt*fwt.tr.Mlm>wriKht. ut. i)t'pt-
tin L 111 5 H i T y nm< i UK l llirim an to ford in thin riirtf Kdwitrd VI, and there ho
hi ^ bnrlv fn if T "^ ^ i^^ rtf!Wnf ' wl thlU.il tililiiH di'iif h on Of fthoilt (J Hpt.
t 0.1,^1 ^ 3P U x j i aw M' h T buriud i! ' 15Wl I)W "K tjij *im bo had a principal
Sti ^ fZn t /TtnT iry ih '!, Vir ir wi pnrt in ImUciifif? tmwt of tho Hhipn of the
lilting Honour (I3a K , Ul8t c . - Jt lHmy ia IW vy ( thttKhthftltiutaarwttttt!^Ucluwd
Pctt
toi,
Pott
Chapman, who built; the Ark, was brought,
up by IMt, and HO also, in all probability,
was Matthew Uaker,with whom, from l.~>70,
Pott was associated in tho works at; Dover*
In 1587 he and Baker accused Sir John ILaw-
kyna [q, v, '], then t reasurer of the navy ,of mal-
practices in connection with the repair of the
queen's ships. The churls won* apparently
liold to bo the outcome of pnpte or joulousy,
Ilawkyns WUH annoyed, but. suffered no ma-
terial in jury, and IVtt, remained in hin oflie.e.
lnl58iVhewas granted nrms,oiv*n a less g'ule.s
between three ogresses, , Hoix passant of tlw
field; and the, crest, out of a dunil eonmet,
tlcim-pelican with win^'M expanded. He was
twice married, By bin first wile he hud at
loast two sons: Joseph, who sueeeeded him
at .Deptford as muster-shipwright, and died
OH 15 Nov. 1005; and !Vt,et\ who earned on
business as a shipbuilder at Wnppinjjf. By
his second wile, Klbwbeth Thornton, HiMrr
of Captain Thornton of (lie tmvy ? he hud nlst*
two sons PI i imws, who JHHepn nit ely noticed;
and Noah, who in ir0l xvas muster of the,
Popinjay with bis uuelcThorntow and four
dau^'liters, oue of whom, Abigail!, WH cruelly
beaten to death with a pair of tonics by IHT
(stepfather, Thomas Nunn, in IfMii. r^tuin,
who wan a clergyman, reeeivMl tho <meen\4
pardon lor his e,rimi% !*nt <Ued immediutely
afterwards (6V//, A'//V /Vf/wr/r, Oom. X!H May
1590).
[OahnularH of State "Pap<w/Dr>m. ; D^fVnt of
theHpanisli Armada (Navy Hceordn Sr>e, ); Auto-
"biography of IMihionH Tott (Harl. M.S. 027iM,|
JL. K. L,
^PETTj PKTKR (ICSIO HJ7()F) n cotnmiH-
siouoi* of tho navy, lift-h sou vf Piunetw
Pe.tt [q, v."), wan born at l)<ptibnt on (I Aug. >
161,0, Jlo wan bron^Pit up by hm lather |
a8 a nhipwri^ht ; whilo Htill yerj yoiin|| ]
wan his laUu*r*B aMHiHtant at. Dcptibrd and
Woolwich, and in 10355 -7 built 1 ho Sovonn^n i
of tho Sean under bin father's HU])orvisi<m.
In 1647 lie wa.s ordered by tlxo parltamenfe
'gratuity of !()/, for building tlic Pbumix at
Woolwich. II o would neem to luivt^ boon then
appoint 'edtniiHttir-Hlup wright; at (Jhutham, and
in 1(548 to have Hunt up important informa*
tion to the parliame.nt, atui to haw been
mainly inHtrumental in pvofHwviug' tbo Hlupfl
at Chatham from rtwoltin^. Probably as a
reward for this Horvioo,lu* waft a":)poiuttd com-
nuftaioner of tho navy at Chat mm, an oi'jco
analogous to that of tho prowmt Miperin-
tcndant of tho dockyard, with th imiportant
ditleronce that Petit ^ an a practical man. <jxr-
ciaed immodiato and jx^rBonal conttol ovor
the several departments of tho yard, and was
thus largely responsible for tho olliciouoy of
tho _ ships during tho Duteh wars. That
(luring the (\>miuon\vtnlth the ships were
fairly well maintained is matter of history;
bntj Ht e.xeited a st-ron^ feeling of animosity
by filUn^ all tlui moreimpoi'tanfc ]ostH in tho
yard with his near relatives. As early iuj
November H>51 oomplnints were laid bynomo
of the subordinate oilicinls, ineJudiii^ the
obnpbun, that members of the family worked
into eaeh other's hands, that stort\s were
wast nd or inisuppropriat ed 7 that higher wag-es
were charged than were paid, and that false
iniiHterH wens kept. A spee.ial in<piiry was
ordere<l in tho following January, whon Pt^tfc
had little dHHeulty in proving that tho
charges were mnlieious; but it- is chMir that
their were, ^reat opportunities for fraud and
reasonable grounds for suspieum, TIu^ eom-
missiouer'H cotusiu, Joseph IVtt, was inslr-
shipwri^'htat ('huthamjanolluircouum, Pt>tor
Pett , was master-shipwriffbt at* Ihmtford;
ti yuuu';**r bro(lnu f , Christopher, assistant
luastiM'-shi^wpifflit a,t. Woohvirh; another
brot lier, IMiineus, c.lerk of t he, ch(H*,k at Uhat-
hum,au<l a cousin, lUe.hard I tolhoruo, mast.er-
ma.st'iunker \\' lion, in tho folio win$ summer,
hisrousiti Pet'ernti Hertford died, he was able
to have his brother (Viristoplwr promoted to
tlu^ vae.aney, nnd PderV* son Muueas ap-
pointed aHHiHtnnt, \\rit was also ponuitt'od
to tuulortake privates eontraotH for building 1
whips of war ((faLMttttt* ltywr# f Dom, 7 Jan,
HloO).
lie was reappomtod to^ltis oflu'e after the
Restoration, and w.maini^l in it till iJ9 vSept,
1007, when ho was eharged with being tuo
main cause, of the disaster at Chatham hi
June, and was summarily superseded. He
WUH accused, in detail, of having* neglected
or disobeyed orders from the Duke oi York,
tho Duke* of AUxwiarto, and the navy com-
miHH'ume* to moor the Uoynl Charles in a
ydaee of safety^ to block th^ chaun<^l of tho
Medway by sinkitsga vesHel itiside, the chain,
to provide boats for the- drfenee of the river,
and to see that! the, oflieere and seamen were
on hoard their ships (M, 19 Dec, 1(507). On
18 J uno lu* was sent a prison(r to tho Tower,
on the I'Oth was e.xammtHl be.fow the eouneil,
and on 22 ()t. before the House of Com-
mons, There was talk of impeaching* liirn,
but the accusation was merely the outcome
of a deniw to wake him answerable for the
mm of those M hipfh pla<u^ f and the matter
was allowed to drop, The general feeling
was clearly put by Marvull, m tho lines be-
ginning:
Aft or thin JM, toretih di^eontont,
Boino one must bo accused by Parliament t
All our miHWtrxnaffdH on Pott wuwt fall;
Ilia uamo alone nwim fit to answer all.
Pott
104
IVtt
After hoinjaf deprived of his oftiee, Pett di.***
appearw from view, He married, on S JN'pt.
lli&J, Catherine (A. Annual 1>IT ), daughter
of Edward l*o U* of Woodhndg\SufVulk { /tV- ,
//wftT (/ W, *Vf/n/X Wwittftritft/t** hy favour i
of Mr/ Vincent li UedHfoiu*), Mention is
made of one **ou, \Ynrwiek.
Pott hiiH been contused with hin cousin
Fetor, tho mnHter~,shi|nv right at UeptfWd* ,
who died in W5-, nd with eneli of flint !
IVtor'rt two ,Hmi8 f Sir Peter ( q v,f, udvoente-
general for Ireland, and Sir Phiinw* Pott, ,
iua8tor-Khip\vrifrht nt Chatham, who \viitf
knighted in i(WO T WiW comptroller ot* storey
and resident. commissioner ut Chatham, ami
irt to ho distinguished from the commissioner i
JVttTH lirotl)i(T Phifii i nH,a clrrk of tho chrrk j
nt (Jhatluuu. Thnf othcrn, nnuit^t I*hinrH
INitt* wore at tho naum f'iiiu* in tlw tuual
HtH*vico at (JluUluuu oi* in tho Thiuui^, mn af i
whom was killed in nctitm in UH>0 whilt* in !
comtuaitd of t!u^ TijfiT. Th^ uuttio Diiunas
Pott; conl.mucd in t.',,m navy till tuwurdrt tlu*
closd of lafc tunitury,
[Oalondarn of Htuto Pap^rH, l)om n tho indrxrM
to whiftlx hufi> HO coHifujmnl ihn I'olnwi ujut th
l*hiiumHtw an to bu US^IOHH; tlw only poMsihility
of clearing the confuHtcui ie by jyforwH*** to th
original dormnentN, and hy carefully <liHhi^HiHh
inff tlw HignattiroK; Ttipy^H Dinry; Hurl, MS
HIM
LUn^rfv
wr&, it, 347)^
* A I)iseour*ie
nco,' London,
of Knglstiul/ If. u 0, ful ; rojmhliHhod in
n?i ( A IH^rnnrwof tin* (Jrmvth of Kn^Iand
in l*<j<uhiu*f<<niiul Tnulo , , Uy way of
a hrtfT tun l*Tf.on of Honour,* "ft. ^flie
oKH^itfmn rnltiti^ fnnti tho OatU of
SuprrmiuT . . . / HW7, fol, thnvlitpd alao
tho * M'ttdr,4 nf Arthur j'Atnir^l^y |, Karl of
PETT, SIR PKTKR (ItWM)- UMKi),
and author, sou of Petw Pett (IfilW
jaiuster-shipwnf'ht at Depttord, fjrandwn of
Pot or Pett of \Vappintf, shipbuilder, and
great-grandson of Peter Pett(r/ lfjH9)jq,v j, j
vf(\A baptised in Ht, Nicholas Church, l)opt '
ford, on tfl Oct. HMO, lie W,M educated in !
St. PauFs School atid at Ki<iwy-SusHex ( "ol* j
leg*e, Oaujhridge, whert^ he wan admitted in !
UM5. AftiT graduating B,A* Iw migrated to '
Pembroke College, Oxford, and in i(M8 WIIH ;
elected to a fellowship at All Houls 1 , lie. then '
graduated K.C.L, in J050, was entered iw a
student at Crtra/B Inn, and settltwi there *for
good and all* about a year before the Htmt ora-
tion. From 10(il to liidti ho (tat in tho Irish
parliament as M,P, for Aakiuiton, He \va
tsalled to the bar from the Middle Temple in
ICJCJ-k ^"Whentlw Uoyal Society waa fomiecl^
an 1603, Pett was one of Um original fttl-
lowa, elected on 120 May, hut was expelled
on^lfcJ^Nov. K57/S for ' not. tmriorniintf his
obligation to the Hocioty,' IIo was probably
absorbed in othr i ' ' *
was knighted by tho Duko o,
"lie wo s also much onflnod inlitj^ury work,
more or IOBR of a polc^inical nature,
tract, of his, headed <8ir P(jtcr Pett's l'a":mr,
1079, about the Papists/ is in the Public
mtiittm>t !>r/rht*nnft Harlow,lni*Lord Bishop
iif l*mroln** IfHl'l, H\, Ho diol on 1 April
UWU^ !Vtt has lnvu often (Muifusd with his
tath<*r';< fit" { rtni-.iu, I VtprH>imuisMouon>f tho
navy nl ChrUhmu, who in M*part<'ly uoticed,
( KtuVhtV* l*ifV uf <*ntvt, p, 407; Konior^Alutniii
* Uon.; \ViulV AiluMim, iv />7 ; St. l*itil^ School
Kr^, p, 4 it ; llurruwMi Worthit'H of All Suuls',
jj>. 47, /><,( J, K, L.
PKT r l\ HtJNKAS (1570 HU7), mntr.
buthlrr of t lin ftuvv iuid unvnl octiniuisHioitor,
rhli'r NMU nf Prfrr Prlt (r/, lnHU')|tj, v.], hy
IHH M'wsu! wif% Kli/.uht ( th Thornton, WHB
burn nt lhpt!ord nn I Nov. ir>70. Aftwr
thriM* youn'rt ut flu* frtT M'honl ut Uoclumtor,
nnd thw iu>ro ut u privnto wt*hool at
(JrM*n\v it'll, h iitt % rMl tMtunnutiol (V)Ugo,
*/ttii!n'il|,(t%it IoS(J, Aftrr bin fatlun\s (loath,
itnd in li0 WUM lumtul 4 n t'
tt Uichtif d ( "hnpiniiu, t h* q utM
Wright nt Ut'ptiurd. Wit hint
on hoard tin* Kdwnrd niul
S in tho
iyjio htittito^roat wuot^'^nnd aftortwo
of Imrdhhip and pnvntion Pt'tt found
tf ngnin in London an poor IIH whim he
'tL In Aug*UKt IJWo ho WUH <niployd
t ordinary wot*t<iuun' in ft*butldiiiff tho
Triumph at 'Woolwich* Afterwards ha
worliini t nndf-r MiitlhfW Hnlc^r, on tho lio-
pulH,{uunvMlu|r\vltirltwfwhringgot ready for ,
fho uxpdititm to f'tulix* .During this winter
Pt<tt Muditnl iuHth(Mnti(*, drawing', and the
theory (f his jiroft'NWon, in which IJukor gave
him much tWHtHtauro and inntructknu In
April 1/W7 Lord lltnvanl f th^ lord admiral,
\viio wiwniiicJuit Hidi*r* hoiw<* f iweoptc^lhim
iwliw 8nrvnwt. It wan not JIOWHYW* till near
ChrmttnuHir>J)8tliat Howard was a We to em-
]jloy him in * thtUiniKhing of a purveyance of
plank and timhcr' in Norfolk and Huilbik,
which txwuiincH't Piitt through tha whole of
irJ)0; and w Jurw 1(J(X) Howard^ appointed
him i kwp<*r of thn plunkyard, limber, and
other proviHit im 'at Ohaf ham,' with promise of
better proiVirweut to tins u<;i(>ht of Ui power/
Pctt
105
Pett
in litting out the ileet in
him Mr, (h-evilVrt Move,
A quarrel with Matt hew Baiter followed, and fnnta(cf,(JAuntNi'Ju,7/^.v.li>0). Charles f;\
for the next; ten or twelve yearn, according 1 on lu.s awntuou to the throne-, 'pavo him a
to TettAs story ? Balder lost, no opportunity of
doing 1 him a bad turn. According 1 to IVtt,
the adminiHtration of tho dockyard* \v
the time altogether wwayed hv personal in-
terest, jealousy, und malicious ir
In "March 1001 Pott WJLH appo
assistant to tho martt'er-Hliijnvrig-ht at ('hat-
ham. In November \(\02 IHH g'ood service
six weekn won for
favour, and proud
opinion;' and nhortly after the accession of
lung 1 JamoH ho wan ordered by Howard to
build a miniature whip- a model, it would
seem, of the Ark for Pnnco Henry. Thin
waaiiuifihed m March UiOH-.^and Pett took
her round to tho Thames, where on the iwl
tho prince oamo on board. The admiral pro-
Bunted Pet.t to him; and on the following
day Pott wan nworn an tho prinee'.M Hcrvtwt,
ami wan appointed ca])tnin of (he, little vesnel.
Ho wan also grant ed the reversion of tho
places held by linker or bin brother JoHC'ph,
whichcvcrHhouldftrHt become vacant; an, in
November 1(505, on tho death of Joseph, ho
succeeded IIH mantor-rthnsvright. at lh>:Mibrd.
In lb'07 ho waa movct, to "Woolwie i, and
there remained for many yearn, favourably re-
garded by Howard, JohnTrevor, the nurveyor
of t.ho navy, and MaiiHcll, the t roanurer ; and,
in eotiHequcnce, hated and intrigued afjfiiinHt
by their owmi'uw and his own, of which, aa a
eucctusful man, he. had nwnv.
In October 1008 he laid the heel of a now
ship, the largont in the navy, which wan
launched in September HUG UM Urn Prineo ing* this period HJupbuilding waH improved
Koyal; but in April l(JOS) drihiitt^ c.harg'eHof and tho nwe of KhipH increaHtnl. It haH box
mud that the weorotft of tho trade were pro-
in tho Pott family handed down
father to won (pHAiwoinc, Jftrt. of
ii, i2S4); but Phineas
Pett learned nothing direotly from hittfathor*
and indirectly only HO far an Chapman awl
u'old chain valued at 10-W, In June 16:25
u<\ was at Boulogne in the Prince, which
brought tho yonug (iiuMin to Dover on the
1 lit h. In Aitfftwt H>ii7 he was went, to Porta-
niout.h to hawteu tho oqnipmont of the fleet,
t)inte<l and, cont.inning 1 there, ^ ,sa\v many passages
and the disaster which Impnene.d to tho
Lord Duke [of Buclciugham].' In February
l(Jl]()'"*'U) he waiH appointed an a.MaiHtant to
tin* principal oiUcern of tho navy, and in tho
following December one of the })rinci]>al
oilicerH and a, ooimniHHioner of tho navy. Ho
Ht'ill, howe.vtT, continued to oxeroiwo tho
Huperv'hsion over Deptford and Woolwich
ya,rd,M) assist (d to a great extent, by his won
'Peter (UUO UJ70F) (q. v/] In UW> bo wan
Hunt to Newcastle to provide timber, &e. for
a new ship to be built; at Woolwich, the laud
of which WUH laid on 1 Pec, She wan
launched on III Oct. UM7 T and named tho
Sovereign of the SeaH 1 t.ho largest and moat
highly t)rnaiu(mt;ed nlup in the Knglish navy.
A model of her, portsibly conte,ni])orary, is
preserved in tho museum of tho Royal Naval
College at. Greenwich.
But though tho Prince, Royal and tlio
Sovereign of tho HoaH wero tho chief pro-
duct M of Pett'H art., ho was more or less re-
sponsible for every ship added to tho navy
during the roigtw of Jamon 1 and (Jharles I,
an well an for many of tlu^ largest uw^rohant
ships t.hen built-, among othe.rs tho Tnulo'B
Iiuu'ease and tlu^ Peppt^rcorn ^'HIO DOAVNTONT,
*; MlDJDIiHTON, Sill Tl M'N"K\ f ]. J)ur-
incompetwico <lisplayed in her construction
were laid against, him by tho Karl of North*
ampltm, instigated by Baker and Ueorgo VVey- from
mout.h [q. v,"|/ a great braggadocio/ A com- Marine,
mission wan ordered t o investigate tho matter,
and reported in Pett's favour; hut a.s North-
ampton refused to accept their decision and Baker woro his fiithorV asHOciattw. The ox-
continued to pn k ss tho charges, the king had isollenoo whioh b<^ attained and handed down
tho case formally tried lutibro him at Wool wioh to hi BueeeHsora may be- mor< jnstl.y awsignod
to IUB Oatubridgo training and his subap-
(pieut sttuUes in mathematics, Ho <liod in
lOlT^andwaH burked at Chatham on 21 Aug.
Pett. was married three thnoH: (1 ) in "1508j
on 8 May r and Pett won formally atjijuiUwi
on all points.
In KjliJ Pc^tt was tho first m ant or of tho
Shipwrights' Company, then ine.orporate.dby
roval charter. In JOltt ho was in the Prince
to Anno, dau^htor of Richard Nichols o
'
,
f
with Howard when ho took tho Ltuly Klixa- Ui^bwood Hill in Mit'ldleHox; Hho died in
beth and her hunland, tho Palatine, to
and -was ordered by Howard t(
Kobruary l(W(-7; (2} in July 10^7, to
S unan, widow of ItobwtYardlo, and mother,
dine at hiH table during tho voyage. In or Htoptuothor, of tho wif( of his son John j
1020-4 ho 8(iom to have- acoomp'aniod Sir she diod in J uly lOiJO ; (i) in January 1030-7,
Kobort JManw4l [j|, v,^ in tho oxptjditiou to
against tho Algorino jnmto; and in 1023
wtnt to Santnmlcr in t.ha Princ<s which ho
had littud specially for the reception of tlie iu- , ia
ne Mildrod. liy his iirat wife lie had
daiifflitera and tught aons, tho eldest of
whom, Jolin, a captain in the navy, married,
iiJt), Katharine, daughtoi' of -Uobert
hi.n Imn^, 1 and
n^ tif onro popular,
I'd tit' tor, JVtlio
rh*H'k ut i'hathatn; HI... , ,.,, . ,.,-., ...
youiujvM i/, ITcMi, wii 1 * tn.'i""f M .'' -hi J<H n H stt
Diptiord t whntv ho !ml tti H><**\ L-JUUI^ a
widow, A tin, and tour t'luMivti,
[Th priwip.il athn'v f"'t* tin* StfV !' !'* f ' >n
ItiH atttohmj*riip}iy I! trl MS r; M ; J t t S
(icvt'uh'i'tith or early n;;hfnnth vnfwv IMJ
1 1 H|'poar to IM* frtr-fsutrf Ity ;r< tu
thitiitfh vuth n Mt'Hiif; pi v-ujwl bwi, A
ahritrnot in printed iti Ar^I^t'Mlu!*},!, su ( ,
H wi| IVtt IM fnn|ui"j*f l t v
.HiirhV Lift* of IVmn* Ibuiry j J. K, L
PK'TOK, (tKolttiH \ I'H bV'th,
of riuuunroM, \van \oauj'.****
IVlith or PHtin of 'IVtMwmth uu.i IMaKr M n r,,.n,-, n l'^ uf sr Hntry Norrk Imron
alnuurt\ ^NbrnWHiv, by bsr^vxttV M*n t f \ M i'n- Mi'i; }r Htr , { , v ,; Th^wurk in in proH,%
(mit^'htor o! \\ illiaw ( hnnitOl of Sunvvii^n, v\if !MI!I w vrrM^MrMi-r-ipr^ml, A mrond tf-Hw'
Churrb ()\fnrd t ift KHU.mtdin'miuntrit \\ t \. n'tnunh hu.K of IIiw/iM, brirmt hv IVltiis
tm^Miin'U UMttJ. Arnmhnr to\\ ; ,u{ ( \\ it . tmt .MM,,,.!,-!,,! t'mm thr Uuliim bv Hnrthol<H
hu,tuUitg(n'|{j 4 v,]oniirs?4 ( hut't'h, hj- fitiijuf m ,-w \ ,
byiijfht or nino y<w,s >\H hifj'drnr Inr* !/ ^ IVttt,, .j^d, writ-M Wmut, in July 1589,
<w<duWM* I cti tio f mvoilMUM'youtt flu- ,-,*, fUm ttfuphuu tut H ninnufuofv" It <* WILD
amU[par.;atlyhuUimiMilitryt\pi.n^iT. lu, n n! m M|,O in-^i rhmvli ' nt IMvmtmth.
hin.iunnnghomohidovo| t Hlhui!ri,nrofo | lim ,h nt A>.. IJ,wm*t, Kin^ton, and
Wnrntum ^ T.^vwurth, wlm-h hi-* tiinT Irnd ghvn him,
iiu' pttj[iUniyJjntowvil.Hi Uo I'nbuW \^ |,.f f f , hi,, i r nf!n. r rhnMtnjihfr, Another
J Itntmtro (Wit, ^)of WilUftiu J l mtT.i|, v,j brofltfr, H.ihnrt, wii-t fitln-r of Mury iVitio,
tmrotirfttfncl I tt jo to attempt n. mmilnr vo u b,t n- tuot b^rni 1 \nthunv a Wood, Wood.
lu** . H /p^ )H \'M^ lr< ;* 1 }l'^ t!M fiib* ,.f wh>\if.thtiMj.mn.lijIiP\v ofdoor^Pi^tw,
tuynui^ many pr^tlo Hy.stiriiH by Sunn ! tu's'iu^f Mito in nv ni'lii* ti< but of the
ioorUi in inmly (.ulourwH, nmt im*\ M'^lii * Jviiic hillmV Wootl wrt (hut it wiwinhis
lully <liwo\irw'(l. It ^ bmt \w\ iwwtml for tiny * M for from b,'ititf ovrolbnit ir fta that
tlmpn'H to Htclmnl \VutktuHcmilAnwf, If*7^ it i* iimro lit to btMvn<l bv n w*hoolbov or a
anttwMmmwW tUHfiritt imturnta tluin by it |vnt, of "mode
aato. iiift puhltNhor AVntkbiH, nithur thnn unt I.'ntnuu^; Wtuul only kqit a copy ia
icUio, waa^it itpptWH, nvpoiihililo for thi* \\i* Uhmry for tho rosiMt*t tbnt by rr8<n of
Tauo,wlucti0abar>iarwlpli^iiinwuoffh(a lib* idn^tu* ho M,.m to tbo luitun of tho
l l umtitttt vt)lmn t *. IHtiis i bin prrftu'o, nuthnr '
ays ho mainly wroti* for ^nth*\vumm f nmi | UW' Atluw Otn i*.l I|HK S, 552;
dnpriumtwi all wwnimnw)n with t!m' hUnri* of \Vmt Lito utut 'hnutn. ^i, (Uiirk lOxfuni IliHt!
J louHuru/ Tho printer mMn a iidto, Mutiny I *SrO, i. an 7' IW'M Thump ' p 21 a* l-\wtert
that ho kmnv nothing of tho author or of tho ': Alumni Oxun '; fhmfurVi ummtHiTipt <!horu Va-
.... ;; "^"****5 *r* *' rtuianu- <JT t?* i uis ; AWIIUJI '/sum ; iniiH^rH iiii
authors irumd who t ffpiwl him thw miinu- i **u inAiMit. MS. BJ48M,,,.., - - ....
^J 1 !^- * n au t'^Hidng V,Lttw of <iroor^'|! l*t^t;('utli**r l H8tntiomWU i Kmt^r l l/l70-'87,pp.
1 [ettio J to K. B, C(tticurnin# thin \\oork o !> i 80, IM; Wnrt4m'HiHt,if KijgLI\H^ry r Iv^1S6f
dated Irom ' IJolborn, 1^ July/ t!w author ' ^ |jtr * c * ff Hritth Kiblio^mphwn it, 1l 4 2,J a L.
apobffiflos for modttrnwing th claHHical tnUK 1 PBTTIK, JOHN (IWJO'lKO^ iminter,
IS^TI 8 ^ 8 /^ -with Imn in HdlnlmfKh ml 17 March ink, was
Pcttic <
Trustees* Academy in Kdinbur^h, under tho
auspices of Robert Scot 1 1 ,auder| q, v. 1 A uwntf
hisfellow-studoutsworo Mr. Orchardson, Mr,
McWhirtor, Mr, MaoTatftfart, Mr. IVtorUni-
ham, Mr. Tom Graham, and Uoor^o ra\il
Chalmers [q. v.], all of whom became, distin-
guished painters. The* cat-corn of 1 Vtt ie and
Iiis companions mark a distinct development
in the history of tho modern Scottish school,
which had fts origin in the personality of
Lander, their master, Tho pictorial aims and
ambitions of tho tfroup wholly differed from
those of their immediate prodoeoasors, amoiuf
whom may bo reckoned Sir Noel I'aton, tho
brothers Faed, Mr. Krsldno Nieol, ano 1 Robort
Ilerdman. "With all of thoso tho chief pre-
occupation was tho tolling or illwttrntion of!
a story, tho making of a dramatic point, tho j
insistence on some domestic aOWtion, bu- i
morous or pathetic. Pot tic's work, on tho
other hand, invariably embodies mwo purely ,
pictorial motive over and above tho subject,
specially aiming at a rich resonance of colour.
Ills fame springs mainly from thoHueeoHjnvith
which ho pursued this bitter ideal,
IHtie'w first, exhibited picture, ' Tbo Prison
Pot,' appeared at tbo Scottish Academy in
1H50, and was followed by 'False Ih'ce/
'Distressed Cavaliers,' and * One of ( 'nun-
well's Divines. 1 In lBt>0 he made, hU debut
na an exhibitor in London, Bonding to tho
Koyal Academy a picture, *Tho Armourers/
which found a place on tho lino, II w next.
effort, * What d'ye lack, Alndamf'* a study of
JenkinVinoenl in tho*Kortunos<f Nigol f *wiiM
no les popular, Thus encouraged, tho young
painter made up his mind in I HI JsJ to join hm
friend Mr- OrchnrdsoU; who bad nott-Iod in.
London ometw<dvo mouths hoforo, TIu^ two
artists Hhansd a studio for Koyernl years, llrst
in Pimlico, and later at !$7 Fitxroy So,uanv
afterwards th<i home of Ford JMudox Hrown.
Pottiti was liluj earlio.r t>f tho pair to win a
wide recognition, IUH daring and UMS.ortiv*t
harmonies soon compelling 1 attention* It.
was, however, to a robust capacity for taking*
pains, no less than to the more, proclamittory
style of him talent, that Pettio owed IUH ac-
ceptance M leader, when more young men
came southwards to swell tho baud of Lon-
don Scots, Prolific an h(^ waa mduwtriouB,
he soon Locarno one of th biwt known of
Britiwh painters, and his rapid RiiC(ntHsion of
canvases found a tiuidy sale among dealers
and private collectors, J OH lirst cont ribtition
to the Itoyal Academy a ft or hi migration
was another scene fromHcott, 'Thtt l^riorand
Edward Olondiuning/ In 180tt ho was re-
presented by ' The Trio/ i The. Tonnim^/ and
'George Fox refusing to take the Oath;* in
186-1 by 'At Ilolket Uallj' in 1W5 by *Thc (
? Pcttie
Drumhead C-onrt -martial ;' and in 1H(!() by
* An Arrest for Witehcraft,* n vigorous and
dramtitic pioco. of \vork, which socurod hin
election a,n A.K.A, A yonrlx k foro, on !M Aug.
lH(>r> T \\(\ bud married Miss 1'Uixabeth Ann
UnsHom, tins ,sis<er-in-law of another Scott isli
|)aintor t Mr, (\ K Johnson, and bad deserttul
Mr, Orohardson to sot up house lor himself.
In 5H7i5 ho, was elected a full member of the
Hoyal Academy in succession to Sir Mdwiu
Landsoer, c.outrihuting 'Jncobitos, 1745" as
his diploma picture, In IHHl ho moved from
St. John's Wood Uojul, whom ho had lived
sineo IHW, to a houso of his own building,
tho Lothiann, in FitxJohi^H Avonu<, Hump-
stoad, which he occupie,d for tho ro,Ht <d" MB
Uto,
Hotwoon IS(K) nntl his death, in IHOtt,
Pott to sent, about I'U) |)iot.tiros to tho Royal
Aojtbmy, to say nothing' of the numerous
works which went privately to < heir destined
homos, Tho following are among tho best
and most, deservedly popular of his later pro-
duct tons: "'Tonns to the Besieged' (1H7)
4 Tho Flag of Truon' ( 1H71)> * Sword atul
Dug^or Fight* ( IH77), ' A Death Warrant'
( IH70, now at llmuburtf'), * Itofore IUH IN'ors'
( IHHl ), * Monmouth and JamoH II ' (IHHil),
'Tho Vipr (1H8-1; dhunlrey Fund collec-
tion), t Challonfjfod 1 and 'Sir Peter Toasde/
a vigorous and brilliant piece of hmmmt, per-
haps bin niost striking work), 'The Traitor'
(IHHi)), and'Tlui l!ltimatinn'(lHOi>), In his
later years IVttio turned hin attont ion to por-
traituri^ with conniderable HUOCOSR, and left
unliniHhod stworal important commissions at
IUH death, lie was fond ^ of painting his
frioiuls * in contium^/ llin most striking
portrait, pt^rhapH, in tlmt of Mr, Charles
vYyndham in the part, of David (hirrick.
The danh and vigour of Pottie'w liner work
wero charactoriHtric, not only of the painter,
but of tho mm ; and yet lie wan the leant
nBaortivc and Ho.lf-conlldtmt of (traftHmon.
An indefatigable worktT, Jie lelt tlio con-
viction ho conntantly proclaimed, that his
only merit, bin only hope of MUOCOMH, lay in
juHV,apavity for hard and unremitting toil.
In IUH bt*at years bin work exhihited a plow
and traiiMparency of colo\tr which have seldom,
l)eon BurpaHHwi ; in IUH later '[je-riod he be-
trayed a tendency on tho one hand towards
a haaty coarHcnoBH of execution, on the other
towards a violence in IUH colour contrasts,
which will probably lead to a future neglect
of tho picture produced during the last few
yeaw of his life. For about eighteen months
before hia death lie suffered from an affection
of the oar, which eventually proved to be
tho result of an absccsg on the brain* This
Pcitl^rcw
ioH
IVlti^rew
produced paralysis, to which he ^urrumtml
ut Hastings on -1 Feb. IwKl ut the early age
of iiftv - ftir. H'* WNH huried iu I'ltddiu^tnu
cemetery on "27 I'Vb, hsutt. Kindly, getsinl,
and hopitnbb\bo wan always ready to help
and eneournge the more Btru^gliu^ memherM
of his own protesnion,
IVttte left throe NOUH nnd n daughter { wife
of Mr, Httinifcdi Mel 'nun, tho WUMCU! com-
A represent at I vo exhibition of IVttieV
work WIUH held nt Hurliughw HOUH* in fh*
winter of IKiM, The hc.nt portrait of him if*
one by Mr, Arthur Cope, in thepn>wMtmof
information.
( PKTTTOEKW,
of tho Hoyal Academy
\\ * A.
1 H i-jw nf apparent denflu In 18 1 i), together
with the <*h*\nliir Aldiui of the imperial
uuixer,"ity of Wihm, IVttijjrow engaged in
e\penmrnts, nt hi* house in Holt (>ourt, in
tht'emplot went of i^/ih autntn in easen of SUB-"
jtetidi'd nnhuntmn. The result of these ox-
pemwttts wns n joint publication entitled
Mirnern! View* of tho Application of Ual-
uumm fa Medical Purposes, principally in
rrt'TM of wiMpi'wietl Animation/ \Vhilo he
wu^juMjuivn-iMvivtnry t"tlie U(iyI Humane
Sici-t\ l*tin\tre\v hivttKuowu to the Duke
of Krnf, who umdo him f"u>t surgeon extra*
orditiary. and later Mirgoou in ordinary to
liiiu.^elC iunl. aft*r bin niarriugis Hurgeon to
the Ihu'hrri of Kiut t in this capacity he
Vid orta t l
nf th j:nnuli'n
I hike nf Kf*nf ;4
of Su-
nt a
t<*ft
THOMAS JOSKFH
(i T.I l ' iMtio^stirgotttiand autu[tutryt wan wu
of 'William INMtigrew, whrwe iuvs(or, th"
(lowati priest, * Tlerlv IVttigroxv/ in tneu-
tjoued by Sir Walter Scott iu * IJob K>y/
The- father wan u uavul Hurgtot\, who nerxed
in the Victory long beion^th*^ tini< ( oFNelMOM.
Thomas was born in Fleet Street, Ltnulon,
on L'K ()<t. 17Dl f and wan odunited
private, school iu the city, Ho hg
learn anatomy at the age of twelve,
sclujol at fourti'tin, nud^ after aetin^ for two
ycnrH nn uHHistant to his father iu tin* per-
formance of his duties m u jmriwh dortoi\ he
%VUH a]prnt iced at the age of nijcteen to Jnhn
Taunt on, tho founder of the (Hty of London
Tims Society, Ho afterwardn Vnhnvd us a
pupil at tho Borough hospitals, ut the MHIUO
timo acting an dcmonatrator of anatomy in
tho privutti medical nchool owned by"bi,s
mafttor Tnnnton, lie vim ndmiiled n tne'uiher
of the, Royal Oollego of Surgefmn of Mnglaiul
on 19 June IHIiJ, nnd a IVtlow on 11 Hm\
1843, but rtH otirly a 1HOH ht* had lu^eti elect MJ
a member of tho Medical Society of London, ..
andiuIBU he wan made one of itHHcctvtnriert, j Women
in op])oition to Dr, Birkbeck, In ,IH1,1 }w ' he
waa appointed i^gmtrur, and took up bin
abode m tho pauty\s hounn in Holt (!ourt. t
Fleet Street. In IKON, m on^ of tlw fouuuVrx
<s'\,
,
ituf nhtaincd from otio
ir*' of lh\ Lcttwun. Tho
ill\ brfnn*)iis ii k nthtccoitt-
\ t IU'M brotli<n\ the
latter appointed
n ;iiin' ( etn t uttil, nf hin rqtipsl,
nndiTtiuiK in rutnln^tu' the library in Ken-
.situ.'.'lon Palm**'. Tlu ilftd vtdnnic* of this
work XMM pnltlishtMl in two parts in 1HJ27.
If \vi'i ttttU*'<l * BibltothecH Snssexianu. T A,
nrcuiul volum k vvnr* bnmjfht out iu iHMDj ifc
wa:* < f otni*nc'(l upon tno Inrg'o a Kcalo, for
tho viltinif iMtted il*nl only with th^ thtio-
lt|!icul divihiitu of the library* and the cuta-
Iof-;u<* reiuntnetl imnuuplete whti tht* ))ooks
wi*ro .sold in iHl-t niiti 18J.">, The catalogue
of i ho \nlue of his Hternry work, IVttigrow
wn.H present od with the diploma tf dtuitor of
phihwophy front the university of (Jottingon
on 7 Nov. iHiitf,
IVttig'rtHv in 1HHI hecnini* Htirgnon to the
clifpen>ry Tor tlu* trentinent of dineaHea of
children, then mnvly founded in St. Andrnv*8
Hill, I>ocfow f (SnnmonM, which ban since
beoumo the I loyal Uownitnl for {Children and
in the \Vnteroo Uoad, This powt
ned in IHIO, when he wn elected
to tho Asylum for l'\mal ()rphni)8.
In this y(ar, too," ho delivered tho annual
inil Snei(ty,HebH'tingnHhiH
^jrcunimM.. iw ini;rt,acm(U)r Tmuoau(Ur omtiojutt the Mwtinu niH't(*ty,HeletingnHni
of the City PhiJosophical Society, which luet . Hubject * MedicalJurtHpnulete(^'att<lpointhii
In ])oraet Street, Kalinbury Square., he gnvo j out the very neglect e<l pohition thon occupic'
tlu first loctiiro, clioowing UA hi wibjeet; * [n- ' l>y
sanity;' and in 1810 IIB helped tokstaWiHh
the Philosophical Society of London, where. , ..., ..,,. ,,,
he^yothemaugiiraUd(lwfi[*()nthft()b,iwtfl - hillrmnry, an iiiHtitution ewtablmlicd by Dr.
ol bcionco and Litratur, and th advan- j <Joldtntr 1 \vhu*h\vatluummc(Uato forerunner
oreiwic* mejclue in England, fn i 1819 he
front Holt < 'ourt to Spring* (-lardenH,
and became mtmoeted with the Wt^t London
sophical Societies.' InlBL11iowaRappointe
oytluuniluencoofDrJohnOoaklo
I \Mddh%
ilo* ' of tho '
HoHpifal, Pottigrew
wan appointed' Hiir^oou to tho Charing 1 Gross
- - ., ..,., , v ,. ( lIoHpitnl f UJKIU its fuun<lutiou, and lectured
[q.v.Uocrotary of tho Royal Utunano Society, i tlmrc- upon anatomy, phymolo^y, pathology,
a post ho mugnodiu 18^0, aft or rcce/ivin^ m tuul the print^IpleH <! Wnctiee, of Hiirgary,
1B1B the eocioty's medal for the rwtorutiou of lln nwiguud his
o* Hiwior surgeon in
Pctlin^all
after Ins nisiifiuiluiii lie dcvoti-d urn-.. I to inllr ' ,..|if<<<| lor'fl,,, /"."".) ;"i
private pnurfi,-,.. living in S,,vil,. K,nv. II,. His u . , , ri ,-| '"'" ''"V-' >m -
wcleA.Ml r,.ll,nvof,lm KnvKl S,,,i,,v i , tli- j"B ''Ifth,, 1^177.1 'i^' ."}
18i)7, ami in 1HJJO he took n lejnlinjr part iti ' Assoeiat ton 'and in (hi* 4 V H ,,''!"' I ^ lca '
the elwtion of the Dnke of Sussex fo the Soetefv of Antiquaries ' (< u tf la * tao
oflico of president, on the retirement of Mr. j I Autnlm^piuhv {, *i!' M- r i ,,
Gilbert. He was a |iroiiti<.fir (Veenta.um for I h'rv Inn! l;^^ { "^
hiffltfe^
and ho pnhliMhi*d a hook on enihaliuinM;, In (17(1,^ J78M nnllnm .. *]
To,e> .--I jL., i..:i'. .K K ...i.. i > \ I . . .' * ( "l u aiVt norn l
ji i*i'i K i i * >" i % "" "*c - *'t***i'juiiy^jun'niti l( }j^ \vim
cinfcion WIIN founded, he nt onre to/k n li-adin"' i toH Alomtm'uVliMhnl?* 18 n^'! 1 ''?" 1 '[' ^J^"
nnrl- in \tx iMiitnHr.m,.( !!**.< I ' V JJ ulJt ' nl iNl,MlHle. He nintlM<Mlhlt<'( at
pan* in UH niana^enieni, u<* nefel as itn J*v;us < 01 ee-e (KfurJ l * w t i-*"
weuMurer^ino onnn|" inirjiny yenr.s i fHMo\vn : nl i?nidtihd II \ \ !"N n -"
ittftntinj^H \vere leld at. IHN IKM'ISO, In I.Sol Iti-t ; wards iiuMninnif ' 1 * f (' 'V*'l ^ nH alter-
wifo died, and he j>;a\ e up t he prart ire of hi* ' ( \t r , M ' w ( ^ ir f H( ; ( \|j|,^, wL'mf h I^.. "l , I ^
profcHsion to devote himself to ant inmo'pm M \ ;, i**<n i V t\ . jJlHUiiuuiHi
* , r , , ; * ' n ' ul i ' Ii1 ^' ln ' ' '*'. und M), ni. a J((r flnte
and literary pursuits, nt thi. Hume hme re* jj n U . M ,!/ ,, ,
moving to Onnlow (^reMeent, He di(nl on I St ,w e! m ! XV ' ! l IW M ' r utl l>ulco
*i,'J N r ov, IH(>5, ' p^'I " ' T . ' >s nnin,Hlri\ nnd mi ,M Jnuo
IIiH chief worknare; I, ' Vie\v?4 of the liane Cathedral ('/n ^H^Tiilv'V^'"^ 1 1 ^''' ^ IM i l ' M
^i;rs.w^ , r&'i-si^i^ij ,5!^
orfcljo late John Coalcley LitHonj, M.l, Hvo, of Vnfitmnri,^ ^- t ,, k l,v< ;.i ///'/ / ' y
BSsiilSii^ : ;;r ?lSi;Sf ^-
L^UO, arcompani
HHexiami; a dewerspiive f Lntin InHrriptiottH on tlm ("'nmir' Tallin (I'm-
metl fjy HjHtoneal and covered in f-hy<mr IT.'i^near Hrraolea
HOI tm ManuweripfHand morepurtinularly^'on.Hideredanrt iIlniwii.*Jl * J
Jliflltoyal Hiirluu'HHtlm Ihtke'of Hnise^ ^ Tawia ''or" f Jl'tuufoJ'!^?^^ "A"" 1 tlu l
Kcmington Palaee,' London, l> V !H. in tlm" <S K .|iu ffl h?rH ' i'l t > T? A
Kair^7l" l H f 7 H !"!. law M^ i ; Hnquiryintothn |l^ml itt'of Jurt
ZS! 7 Vr^J} 11 V 1 f 1 ; 1L '!*|H r,UJ umoi w fhr (Ireekn and lti>mnfl,fromwhin"
^t5nini,^ fcS^^
celebrated PhyBtcijuw and Snr^rmM f &< * |f n a! o I* 1 t t I n T< 1 *rr
eldeflfrsoniTrTftuf'w "7 w s* ( UB ficntl I w ^ ^ntrc lo OhriHtiftniemn' with a
Pcttitt
i to
Pcttitt
MILS.
(1, IM tu N.
dm-
[Alumni \\Vslnionasl. ; Alumni Oxun, ; Gnu!,
Ount'.. ; 1^ Ncvo'.s KuMi Hvli'x \Hifl. i.
131,4:18; WalcotV Memorials of \VV",iwinMrr,
p. 72; (Uwt, Ma\r, 1781 p. Ui, IH2U
.AllibonoVi Diet, Kiitfl, Lit, it. 1">7H; Ih'it
Cat,; lUithonUoHciUHL |
TETTITT, IIKNUY OS is ISM),
nuUintj tho HOII of I'M win Pott if t, u etui
engineer, and tho uuihor f under the '.WIUH
clouyiu of Herbert Ulyn, of NOIUO \vor\M of
fiction, ivu4 horn 7 April ISIS at Swotli-
wick, near Birmingham, und oduonloil ut a
Hohool kopt by tho Hov, William Swonlnu,
Thrown on bin own resources nt tho nj;n nf
thirteen, ho ttiado various experiment M. in*
eluding" ait ait ompt on thentapi at SndhT'M
"Wells, nud \VHH for two yours dork in the.
head oiHooH in London of MOMSFH, PicKlon! &
((),, tliocarrierM, Ho wrote without remune-
ration for various porioilionln, nml nbtnttunl,
about 1800, M, post UH jitnmr ICn^lLsh tnnslor
iu tho North London ( 1 olhtntt* SrhooL IH^h
StrcM't, (>unulcn f !V)wn. Still writing for
pnriodiralH and lor thn wtn^s ho at irn<*;fh
oht.ainodr)/. for * (Joldrn Fruit,* a drama pro-
duced fc tho Kast London Thttro M July
1K?M, Hclon* linn tinio ho had writ Ion, in cuf*
liiboration wi*.h Mr. Paul ,Morritt, % Mtrituth
Born,' in a prolog-no and thrco nolH, produood
17 Oct. lS7i ) attlio C{r(H'inn,of\vhion tlunifr^
Mr, Mnrritt had boon a principal support. In
1875 ho gavo to tho ({rocinn, in ronjunotion
with Mr, (io.orgrt C'0n(|tiost f * J)oa<t to tho
World' 12 July, ami * Kontonrod to Dontli '
14 Oct., and, with no mllaborntor, * Tho Pro-
mJKod Land, or tho Sonroh for tho Southern
8tar,' UJ Sopt ^Noxt v k ar ho guvo to tho
houw^Ht.ill iu aHHociatiou with Mr, (!<m-
^Snatohod from tho, Oravo' LH lilarch,
utH Evidotico * 5 Juno, * Kodc or
"Nothing* 3 An$,, and tboSSolo Survivor'
5 Oot*j ( and to t\w Britannia, in cnllabom-
tion -with ("K II, Macdonnott-, * Brou^lit to
Book '8 May. ^ Iu IH77 ho wroto. for tbn
(Jrocian, in conjunction with Mr, Common!
'Schriften tho Ono-ovod Pilot/ $ April,
'During 1 hor Majtwty'H Ph*uHur<' iil May,
' Bound to Hueeood, or a Loaf from tho
year h* 1
mitu, ' H
ir* wttul to
putiiomhuo,
Mrnmvhil
UIJlpl
ha\i
'd tho <hveiau with n panto-
niu King- 1'Yolie/ This piece
hiul the lontfortt run of any
IVititt- and th
IKS I IJK vlsitftl A moron, t
rtytihiofinndstj}H'ri!itond th
and '
Captain's Logbook/ $2 Oct. From
same partnership flpnm^ ' Notice to
20 April 1879, tho Uh-eon JUnft of ..
land' 6 Aug., <A ItoyaL Pardon, or the
HOUSH on tho Olid"' 28 Oct.,, and tho ' Queen *H
Colon ' 31 May 1879. Alone he wrote tho
'Black Flag*, or Kflcapod from Portland/
9 Aug., and < An Old Man's Darling/ a one-
act comedy, 1SJ Nov. The other pieeen were
moloclraniafi, and are chiefly int<fvc*flfciiHf an
showing- fertility of invention. * Brought to
Justice,/ by Pettitt and Merritt, was given on
^7 March 1880 at the Surrey, In tho same
bo found employment iu a more
h''!v. On :U July 1HS() the
AutfttMUN (nffonvnriLH Sir Augustus ) Harris,
win jj'iven at Dniry Lune, ami marked tlio
h'i:mnuu;' of a very pmsp.Tous ora both Iw
IK "" :41 s 4l - p!nyhouM% In ISSO and
look after lua
production of a
f " Le Vt\fiiro on SJUNSO/ whio.h ho
u roti* for the 1 1 it u lon Loo troupe. In Auau'ioa
lu'wei*u,'( t> 1m ve |jvru the ' \abob\s Kortuue/
On ,'U Hoe, ISSl *TKi 4 front Lile T wji
plnx'od nt thi Ailotphi, nud on 18 Nov. IKS^J
* LUVM and Monoy/ hy Pott it t ami Oharlos
ll*aile, folh\v*'d uf the MIUUO bouse, l Pluck,
or n story of "O t U< KV,/ by Pottitt nud Harrin,
WN ^ivcji nt l>rury Imue o Au^ lS8i*. l\\
* In the KnnKs 1 (Adel:>hi, ( (let, IHS'J) ho
luid tor collaborator \ r, (JiMu-^e R, Winw,
On I Dee, Pitfitt pvo at the Olympic tho
*SpiderV ^Vrh/ lirat weoti nt t'btr Uraud
Tlicatri^, C n,Hsj,;'t>vv, tho ^S(h of (ho prevloiiB
May, 'Uuuuui Nature/ by IVUitt nnd
Hnrri.M f cinne out nt Drury 'Lane \*2 8opt,
1SS5, ^ Mint-hour Li^htH/' by I e-ttitt and
Situs, followed nt tho Adolpiii ou iiii Dec,,
ami \vs tu turn HUCO.IHHIM! at. Drury l^auo
b ( V * A Run of Luck/ written iu conjunction
\vith AuffMMtim Harrw, 1 } H Augv 188(1 On
i?8 July^ 1HH7 the Adelplii productul tho
' H*UH of Itatleinere/ written iu conjunction
with MrSytluey Urtindy, and ou*14) July
1HH7 the k Uniou Jack/ due to thoHawo col-
laboration. On 1W D*c, thin waH
by tlio * Silver Kall/ bv Pottitt nnd
which, ou 14 Sept. IHSU, gav< way to
* London Day by Day/ by the name wntora,
4 Kauht up to Ditto/ by" Pottitt and SiuiR,
wan noon nt the <iaioty ,'K) Oct. 1888, To
Drury Lime be Huppliod, with Auguntus
HaiTiw, * A Million of Money/ (J Sept, 1800,
ami bo took part, with Sunn' in 'Oarmun up
t,o Dat*/ a burbw<(uo f nt the (Iiiety40ct.
18SK), previously Hteu in Liverpool. ** Manter
and Man/ by 'Pottitt and SIUIH, had been
trauHferro<t from Birmingham to the Prin-
CHWH'H 18 Dec, 1880. ' A Muilor ? H Knot 1
(Drury Lane^ fj Hept, 1801) in ckimexl for
IHtitf.alomswhilM.htt ' Prodigal Daughter/
'17 Htjpt, IHJW* m by him and Sir Augustus
Harm* The ' Lift* of Pleiwure/ a drama, by
IVU-itt and vSir Au^twtUH II arm, ^1 Sept.
'JH$)tt, WUH hm lnt play. To make room for
thft pnntwnimo, ifc wa tranHferrott to tho
PriuceKH*M l at which houso it ran until
February 189-L
IVtin
1 1 1
Pel tu s
Thus list,, which does not claim In h- rom-
nlttte "ives an idea how product"" \M\*
fe'uurinK hi* few year, ol dnuunUc
activity. ni * i >l . vH Hh " w :' a '' mM ' l '' nvWi ;:
'"dire of dramatic ellect, a ?*en^e ol
^011%^ K<MUM^
jaw characters arc conventional, and do not
dwell in tw memory, and hi* stylo IM VMIU- ;
rv quality. He WOM eminently
.cesHlui, however; iicctnuuintinK m it t.'W ,
WH, while lending un open-handed Ule, a ,
declared for prolmfe imrpo;.e'i to s
'io 4S,47i7, Pelt it t was a popular and, m |
thomain, an nnasnertive nmn. He dtt^l ni ,
London on iM Dec, IS'.KJ.
out
W(rl
J, K,
PETTO, SAM TKh (U51M? 17HV pnri-
tan divine, horn ahouf U5lMj \vn poviihly win
ofvSir Kdwnrd lVtt \vln died iM Srpt, HJoS,
bvli'iH wifn MH/,:iheth,n dnit|;hter of Mr Ure.
villii Vcj'ney (rf* IVdiirrn* in MrwuuiH
riMnrti I '^/l!, Ilnrl Site. %ii, IVH),
itcred nMiisixnrut ( 'athnrine 1 1 nil* Ciiim-
d lo June KM Lnmtrtrnlnted H Mnrclv
appointed rector or' ]ir*ucher of the word at
Satulcroft, one of the ten 'jmnsbeM of the
deanery or township of Htmfi Kbnhiuu, Hut-
folk, In May HoS t lie council recommended
him to the trustees for the wmntcnuuee of .
... ,.i for a, grunt of ntJA periinnnm (*SY//fc
/, h\torre|;num t < 'ouneil Book Ipp,7H f
5H9), ,11 o was Ht.vongly inde[jendi*nt, even
favouring nnordained preaching, Jit* lett
Sunclcroft before the enforcement of the net.
of uniformity, The, living' wan vacant lo Jun.
ItlCH 4 J ' per cfWHionmn.'
Potto then removed to Wortwcll, Norfolk,
near UarlHt<ni, and preached tit Uedenhall, ,
IlarloHton, Worfwell, anil Alhnr^h, In |
](57i2, on the Detslaration of Indulgence, bn :
wftHli(HJUH(ul ana, c.on^repitionul teacher athiw
own IIOUHO at Wort\vell-t'uw-Alburtfh, and
at frhu hotwo of .John
: lit Ketlenluill- ;
cum-UarleHton, near Hnudcroft, (HuowNW,
(fanf/rM/fftiotKtilfiwt w/ Norfolk ttnd Mi(Ji<utc<f
p"),:j;jr>,488), He.alao helped in the minwtry *
ol! thouoi^hbouring 1 congregational rhurchat
penton. Ho removed to Sndbnry before HJ75,
and became, provious to UJD1, pawtor of tlm
Friars* Rtreot itulependent cJia'peMhexo (cf.
Wit a fwt f"tji+\n*,\ ifti\,\ /u /i/" $ntlhltiru ^^ f\A\ .
Petto wan held in grwit roVpcct in tho (lift-
trict. Ho die/1 in 17 11 , and wan buried in the
churchyard of All Saintn, Hndbary, Sil Hf^t.
Potto piibrwhed: L 'The Voice of the
Spirit, or an. Essay towardH ft DiHCovorio of
Uio Witneasings of the Spirit/ London,
llJ.M. ;!, * Un^cs from Sharon, or sweet.
Kxprrieiuv-* tethered np by .sninv precious
Heart,- whiU they followed in toknmv Urn
Lord/ London* iViol, printed with No, 1
(with John Martin, minister at Kd^elicld,
Norfolk, and Frederick Wondal of Wood-
bridge), .'I, 'The Pivachor went, or a Yin-
dient'ion of the Liberty of Puhlie, Preaching
hy JMWC Mentiot ( Irdnined/ Lowlon(oOJun,),
lii,*)7 ^. 4, 'A Vindication of the Preacher
Kent, or a Warrant tor Public Preaching
without' Ordination/ London, Ui-V.) (with
\Vutninl, in reply to Matthew Pooled 'Quo
\Yarrnnt*>'K o, 'The Difference bet ween the
Old and Newt -oveunnl stated and explained/
London* WT'I (reprinted nt Aberdeen, IS'JO^
UM ' Tho (Irciit MyndnT of tlit^ Covenantor
(JriMv 1 ), r>, *trmt Huptinuiof ( -liriHt'M Ap-
* London, HW7. 7. Mnlunt Hop-
vindirntfd from the (Weplinw* of Sir
ThomuM tlmnthiuu jq, v,]/ Lomlon T K5DL
H, 4 A Faithful Nnrrative of the Wonderful
and K\trmrdinury Ktt.s which Mr. Thoiuiw
Spntc'het, Inle of Umiwich and ( 'ookly, wart
uiuler hv Witehcruft* n a MiMorioiw Pro-
vithmre^ London, ltS',M O^tjo wan an eye-
witntvsM uf (lie <'v<MitM de.ncrliHuh, U, * Tim
IJevelution unvailed , , ,/ London, ^(I!|H ;
(reprinted \\itH'Si\ Several Tivatises/inlra,
Aherdeen t |H*JO). (Vlatny alno rivditrt Petto
with 'Two Sertptnro (VterluHttis, the, ono
rthort.^rmul the ot.hor larger/ HS7:?, lie com*
mnnicrtteil an amount of a parhelia ohMorved
in 8ti!Inll(, V JH Aiur. WM, t"^" Uiynl Society
{ TrHunni't ionn; N f o, l } o() p, 1 07 ) ; joined with
John Munimitf'm pnhlishinfr, iu 10(51$, * Six
Movornl Trcatit\H of John TillinKluiHt / pre-
fixed 4 The \M\ of Mr,M, Allen Aty' to a
Henmiu hy Ow*n Stockton, L(*ndon, 1081
(riipriutinl hy K,o%ionn Tract Socbty, an
4 Convolution' in Lite, aiul Heath ')
IW, W, Hinlwm'HStctry of the Imlqu'wlimU ol
Htt!iliry;()alhiu,y'H Arcmtnt. p. 0-IH. Ooiitiniuv-
i-iou, t>! 7U; Pitlmcr'H Ntm'o<.i'rtuiHt,'H ( Mmi<>-
rial lit. liH">; NoteM iiul Oucri^H, vji, xii. 1 4 2t)j
KuoklinK'K HutVolk, I lHs DavufH Noneotb
formity in KHMx t p, Ji7!it Hanbur/H MwoPwlH,
J Iifi7; information kindly Huppuw by ( ; . iv.
KobiriHon, rmwti'rof (^uthrtrino HttlLCJrtmbnjlgo,
hy tluv Hw W, Mm:h-y Smith, wtor of Ht
(IwwH, and hy <org UiwJn, 0*4,, of Olui worth,
8uT*\>% a dwwndant.J W, A* o
' PETTUS, Hni JOHN(11 1 000), deputy
ffovernor of t.h wyal mintw, WOH tlws third
HOD of Sir Auf(UHtin PoUu of Kacklieatli,
Norfolk, hvlu wocond wife, Ahi^ail, third
of Sir Arthur, Hwnintfham of
, Suffolk. Born m lOU, he
Vi TM^
wui on S5 Nov. 1(>4 , ^ k *
the W itfafcvourto Sir Richard am,} U.v.J
Petlus
I I 2
IVttus
lord mayor of London, \vho*;e ibiu^luvr Mli/d '
hfth PettuM hud married in n.'l!K Taken jri-
Honor by (Vomwel! Jit Lowest oft, h \VSIN e\-
ehatif.j'ed after fourteen month 1 * 1 confinement
iu \Yiudsor Castle* lie- then riii-ed a Full
raiment of horse at hw own ehnrp\hul , M his
beinfjf almost, diwehnr^ed, he betook himself
to garrison work 1 at 1 lath and Urtsto), On the
lull of tho latter rtfy iu lUlo>his lift* wiissaM'd
byOolouel rhnrleH Kleelwood I (|, v, ,io whom
he was related by marrin^o, and from \vhum
ho received other * civilities* Four ehare.*^
were brought M^uinul him by I hi* commit fees
of Norfolk nu<l SuU'olK, to two of" whirls ho
fja-vo satLsfadory answers <m IUM exumiufit ton
by the eo muni 1ec of sequent ratioim iu Sep-
tember 1(145, In November lt!U) the remain-
iiifjf two charges were still unheard. lit that
your, however, he cotupoutul'Ml, t't'tviviinf
aid from (HiurloN McciwotH^ \\ho'-u* iri<Mil*
aliip fop him rnuMrd IN^ttUMtt* lio sitspcrf^il
of <liHloyal(y to tin* royal IMUIM*, H* took
part, in nttoinpls to HUVC I In* lilVof ('Iwrh's I,
atul bail 1o Hrll *\staUs worth -UJtVi u VIMLT t>
3tll('*t' tlu O.Vpl'USi'M, AfttT till* ltiu(\H <'\l<(*U*
tiou ho supplied ( 1 luirlt*H 1 1 with timmy IVotu
tiino to timo. IIo wan 't'.tapt- tip 1 h\ f |$rud M
nhaw for corrcspoudin^ with (ImrW, but
aft.^r (xamuinti(Mi by tho council of Ktntc bo
%vftM H(t ir(H^ ou bail of 401H)/, In Au^unt
3051 hn xvaw nnsaswd at ()0()/. t but, bin ilobtM
amounting to 5,!KK)/. t bo rHnipcd with tin*
payment, of *!()/. Fu ll!f5 bo utltlrKrt i tl a
to Cromwell, i\xpr k MHin^ fidelity to
'
of the royal mitxw, Ho botjawi* M.P, for 1
Dimxvich'on ^l Mardi 1U70, and in 107il Iu*
>vas appointed deputy Ihnitmutnt lor Huflolk
deputy to tbo vic<;-u(lmiral f and colonel of
a rtigimtmt of tho trninod biuuk In tluwi '
officer ho rwulowl yahuiblo wn'vin* d tiring
tho l)utch war, and wan inntrunuutnl in *>b ;
tainhig- 10,()00/. for tho Hick and wotindtuL '
Originally a man of oonrndcrablo wealth, he
bad purcliuaed Ohwton Hall, Suffolk^ and
other ofltatwH; buthw lost more than^O^KK)/, <
in tho royal cauwe, and in lator lift* ho uppearn !
to have boon wnwid tinuw imprwotntd for
debt. In July 1U70 )HJ wroto to Sancroft from
the king's bunch priwm, ])c^gii)g for a loan
of 20/, to set him fro, and iu 108*1 ha wa
said to bo 'now roduewl to nothinff. 1 Ho ]
was deputy governor of tho royal min<w '
for more than thirty-five years* Ifo died in
1090,
Pettus had issue a son, who died in 1662,
and a daughter, Elizabeth, who married
Samuel Sandys, and died on 2fl May 1714,
aged 74. His rolatioiw with his wife were
xinhapjpy. She deserted him in ] 6U7, returned
after five yearns absence, but after a short time
l*-0 him a.ritin and rntrnnl a nnnnory. Fn
ltr:' j,b^ pr. iMiretl bis i'\<ommuntnition. In
t< tVnrrni biicndu-t b* publishrtl' A Narra-
ti\f* <t tin* Hvnttninunieatinn of StrJ. Pc'ttuw
f th" t 'ouufy t)f Suffolk , 4 , ohtniticda^aiuHt
him by hi* lady, n Itoman C'nihnli(^ t , ?with
an
tbe
> , * A ( M*\MMv to M
in'.| him b\ hn%'
-t I it:; ul * puhli'*!ir
u 1 Ifislnvy, l,nu N
e', and Mineral \V
ih* I'lujjliidt l*al
Mint and Mony .
dnUt lf*70, fl, '
ernl a,sp*T,sions raisod
iuhm, lll'/'l, llo.
l; I, * Kodiiw Ko^ulas;
niul 1 Man's of the rhinf
rL-.iu Htvrliuul, Wales,
in Ireland, a.s also of
, .\vith H elavis,\t,c, r
'M work was under**
tnKen at the ivi|Utv>t tif I*rinee Uupert ami
Sbat'lc-dmry. !.*, * l\ii|r!{Uiil',H Independincy
ttjmn the i'npal Pt^M't*,* \'<*,, London, 1(174,
Jfit, fMti"j 4 inij; nf t\\> report?* bv Sir J
I*nNie;i ,'utd Sir R <'nlve, with a prefare by
IVttu.'i. .'I *N'tdali!iv< from ihn History of
Adiuu utul M\e rontdinintf tunny un<]ueM*
tiunMn'i'ntlr.n<llhiwablr Xo| ioiMofs(vrnil
Na(uriM/ Lonlon Hi*'l,Svo, -L *Tlui( 1 a.so
and .JuM Mention of Sir J, Pettns, , . nm-
ciM'MtUif fuo ebnrihibb* Uillrt tunv tlep(ndin{(
in UK* IJoit'ie of honls, under bin t'are, ouo
for the better jiettling of Mr, Henry Smith's
K'itnti' , , ,tlu* nth<'V for Keftlin^ of chart-
table u^e?i in the Town of Kel.Mhall/iXw. | L<m
dnj, l r /7 S, fol, 5. 4 Tbe (Constitution of
iVrlinmenf.H In I'Jnglniul, detlnred from tho
time of \\ii\\f Mtlxvunl lUittuMtrated by King
Ohurb'H II, in IUH I*rlianM*nt HummonM the
18 of lVb UJUO l f and <li,MSolvod LM Jan,
If7H -J^ \vith an Appendix of itn Se.MKioiiH/
London, IUS(^ KVO, IJ* * Kleta Minor, tn* tho
LawHof Art and Nature* .in. , . a^Hayitig 1 ,
. ofcouliuM Metals, Traiin*
the (lennuu of Lnxarun Krwkoiih
AKsay-tuiifiler^feiieriiil of the Kutpiro ot
(lermauy, Illu.sU'atf^l witb forty-four Sculp-
turen/ lamdon, lUH.'i, foL Mamwcript eopi<^
by i**ttn of hinjwfn<!on are itmong tfie Uaw-
lmou MSS, (Jlodleian library, 0, 1)^7),
PetttiH wrcste H^veral otlier workn, tiot pub-
liMlted, including *'Pho PHulnw in Metro* and
1 King Davids !H!tiouary,*and he b^fft Be,vt v ral
workH unflnwhed, tntduJling a Juntory of his
private life from llllii to Hi4f>,
An engraving of IVttnnat tlunigof Hovonty
in prefixed to bin *Fletft Minor/ Granger
iwnntiouH a portrait mtbe poH(wion of Lord
HandyH at Omberaloy, 'WarceHtorHhiro*
[Ciil auto Paptw, Pom. mo ix> 151,
II, x. 115-1, xx. 05, clxii. 51, ccflv. 247;
Cat, of Committed for Advance of Mcmay, 1042-
I0f)6 pt, iil p, 187H | Eawliimon MSa (Bodleian
Library)* A, xxxiii. ff. 09, S7 0. 9H7; Tanner
Ma (Bodleian JJhrnry) xr f 84, Ixix. 107,
ex? 00, 00, 109, 1 II, H*5 120, 124, 126, cxxviii.
81, cexe 158 ccexii, 80; Hint, M8S. Ooiaw. Oth
Petty
Petty
iT;7;i7H,;i8i t :i8^;usa :w: 7fVf>* ,
HOG otii Hop. PI, it, P. Hi, nth KOP^API;. ,
iv 2(5' ThurlooShUo I'.tpor*, iv, 277; N!U.HO ,
Collection, ii. (580; I*v. ? lft.v'N I^tloi-H, >/.', m ;"" a
For MomoirH of thn Verney I'amtl.v, in. Jus;
Luttioli's Urh'f Ration nf Slate At]>irsi, Ml,
Ji 444- Wood's Aiheiw<tx.m, I'd. Wiv, . M;
Suckling Hint, of SulVolk. ii, N> ; Unrdm^
Historical Aivonut. oi fhuuuHt, pp. 41 , \\l ;
TW Hwpplumeiit to th> HuiVMk 1 r.wcllrr. :
t) 215; Pnor's IWws, 17I, p. ^; *'rntr,'-Vi '
iotrr. Hist, iv. 01 ; Uurn\vV hV.-ord nHho llmiw
-
of Onriifly, pt. iii, p.
turtil Bi'i'r P* ;5-l : Hotnrn of Mouthers of rnrl
pt.i.p.^H; MtwltV Bonknf Km^htn. p. l!>7;
(Hrnf:<\ix,2: J ,.'>; BurWt* KMtnrf
'
nntcios, }). 407; Nmw and (^uirtiu'y'w BibL
Cornnh, ii, -I7H.| W- -^ * s < H-
PETTY, Stu WIL1JAM (ir^u Ids"),
political economist., horn nt lfutu,se f Y iu Iliuup-
Bhiro on ii(J My UJ'Jit, was im of a t-Iotltier,
Afl a childlm nlimved a tnarkrtl tuwte tor mu- ,
to look on tho artiii(Mr,s, j*,^, mnyths, tlio
watdimalnu'HjCnrpt'uhn'H^'oinorH, ^<\ ; mul at-
twolvo yourn old lu^ couhl ;,mv< k work<nl ut uny
of thi'Ho t.nuloH 1 (tfattttittn Mttw, ii* 4S;),
lie wont to Hint at n,n early n^t* ; hut liin j)rot*0"
cioun talcntH <xritMl tlio <nvy of th^i'<uu(Mi
and thoydrH^HrtUuintm tlinwuwt.of Krunrt
with a broken It^, IuHt k ml of trying In re-
turn to Mn^lniul, Iw rmmul^omo tmmoy by
teachinpf Kn^linh and navif,(tui>n und t*n-
tt-wxl liiuimdf a,H a sl-udont at tho JMuit Cnl-
I'^o at t^atnij wlior^ fu roctnvod a f-food ^IM*
lui education, and Uooanu^ an iMTomplinhod
I^rench linguiHt* !(< JH *wxt luitnl of in tlun
royal navy, hut on tlw* outhnmk of the civil
war npaiu rot-ir<d t>o Ihn rontinont, Ht*
studied at Utrecht ntl AmHt<Mnm t nnd tua-
triculatd a a Htudont of lUHdictm* nl- f<*yd*n
on 36 May HM1> flu wibwqr.witly jmNM<d to
Paria,and joined 1ho rotorin which nn'l at tin*
housoof Katlun*M('rH<nn*stiHtiinthnii[nti'Iftn
in the French tjnpilnL HP tlu*n bnimf* 1 1m
friond of Ho!)hiH, whoMi* inlttteutMMttk his sub*
sequent M )hiloHophial und poliiuml o'lhiioiw
maybe c, early traced in Inn wrii'intfM. ! I* ulno
carried on a cornwpomlMuw with Dr. John
and made the ucquaintauM of th Mttrqinwof
Newcastle and Sir Oharles Oawudish, who
were refugoen at Pam < )tt hiH rtuni to Entf-
land in 1046, hen for a tww took up hin father
business aw aclothiex, and davotwl himwlf
to the study of mechanical improvement in
textile processes. He oon gained otn rejnt"
tation % the invontion of a manifold Jotter*
writer, and a ' Tractate on Education ; * in the
latter ho sketched out the idea of ft fwirnitific
society an the linos on which the Itoyai So*
YOL, XIV,
ricty wiw nfterward.H fouiuled* In ord(*r to
continue hi medical studien, ho loft
nnd removed to Oxford. Ilt^ took the
nf dortor of pliys'ie in 1(-10, und hiH'uine a
juetnluT of u neietit tile and |>hiloMoj)hie,l club
\vhieh Uf-ii'd to meet at his own roomn and
thoKr of Ih*, Wilkuitt; t.his club may he re-
garded n.'i f hepannit nt'tho h*o ( val Society* of
which Petty lived tti lie one of the inutider.4,
On the reor^niusat ion of the university
by tht'ciimMKHNumorsof the, Common wealth,
l*etty wan appointed ti fellow of Bntseno.M*
und deputy to the professor of nnntomy, \h\
< *tnytji, whom he Mieeenlrd in Hi51 t havinjtf
in tin* iufirvut obtained a wide reputation by
revixinj.vthcsuppo.sed t^orpNnofone Anndreen
|(j, v. ji who hud be<Mt luuifyed for murder and
pt'onnunceddeud by thoHhriMlV. luthc follow-
uift year he \va appoinlud phywiciun-im'cneral
to the ana v in Irelund t and greatly added to
IHH reputatitm by reoipiniHin^ the medical
Hervteen und terminating t.he wiistt* and con-
fuMion \\luchexihted. Hut bin combination
of mttthcmntienl knowledge and or^anwiug 1
power deiuguuted him lot a more important;
tank. The n'overnwejit of tlu* ( \untuon wmtJth
was t'n^n^'etl in the nwettli^ment. of Ireland,
ant! content >lati*d thi* diviMionof theforfeit.ed
efitttteM of t'o Irish laudownern nmonpp ih<^
! ntunnnw credttornof t,ho (lommoinvealth iu
[ imytutnt of t heir claims. Them creditors fell
info three cluHHeM ; ( I) the army, which had
\ lar^e nnvarrt of nay duo to id; (^) tho * ad-
vent utwfy* wlwt luid advtmcocl larfft^ umfl to
' equip that army ; and (Ji) a largv number (if
niiscrlluneou8 VlaunantH. It wan proprmed
tt confiscate tlie propert.ien of all tho nativo
proprietff whether I,rih or An^lo-Iritth,
wh^thr cnfholic or protest ant, who could
not prove what wu ternnul '(toiiHtant good
i affection' to the I'lti^liwh govc-nnntnit during
i tlu^ rectuit troubles, and to pay all the cndi~
j tow of the Commonwealth with the, conlis*
i cutcd <iHtatOH. But, in ordor to carry out
! ihw plan, it- ww iirwt neocwsary to survey
i tlw, country, and moawnrn and map out ttoo
I imtatoH, l^iiy Boon after his airival im-
! twgned ilw accuracy of tho plans of Benjamin
; womloy T tl* mtrv!\?or-gweral, and offered
to carry out tha ncnwHary operations more
quickly, cht^aply, and thoroughly. In tha di-
'ut whbh followed Worslftywaa supported
% tlie fauat.icsal or anabaptist section of the
nrwy, whilo Petty was supported by the party
of tfift Protector,* who, at this juncture, sent
over Hwrry Cromwell on a mission of inquiry
fe OwoMWBtt, HRKRV* and FMBXWOOI>,
0it,HH]. Finally, Worley' plan known
ae *the Grouse aurwy *~ which had been put
into operation in aomo places, was rejected.
Another survey, imown as the 'Civil SUP-
Petty
IT.).
Potty
rey /was entrusted to a commission in order to
ascertain the exact position and extent of tho
forfeited estates, with a view to their subse-
quent distribution amon^ tho army; and to
Potty- was entrusted the task of measuring-
and mapping 1 these estates, Petty's survey
catno to be known an tho * Down Survey/ be-
cause it was measured 'down' on maps, It;
was the first attempt at carrying out a survey
on a largo scale and in a scientific manner, t ho
nearest approach to Potty's methods having
been the survey of Tipporary by Strn(Ford f
which, with a tow corrections, was adopl cd by
Petty lor that county. Potty also undertook
to make a complete map of f,ho whole of Ire-
land, by counties and baronies, for which ho
was to receive a separate salary; thin wan not
specified at the time, and, an a mutter of faet^
was never afterwards wholly paid. This map
waa a completely distinct undertaking from
tho survey and mapping of tho forfeited
estates, and was not completed till thn middle
of tho reign of Charles II In l(>7't, anil mainly
at the erpen.se of Potty himself, to whom the
undertaking had fortunately become a, labour
of love. It was "printed ad Amsterdam, and
was declared by Kvelyn tho most exact, map
of tho kind which had yefc appeared (KvMLYN,
J)iarij) \\. 1H>),
The Hkilful and rapid manner in which ho
carried out dhe measurement and mapping- of
the army landa caused all tho Hubsequent
ata{?efl in tho completion of tho MttltwHwt
of Ireland to be practically ontruated to IUH
fiupt^rvittion. Ho mapped and mtuiHiired t.lio
adventmrrK'landB,and wan tlio practical ht>ad
of the ooramitteoa which BncceHHJvtdy dtHtri-
buted the hmda to tho army, dim adventurora,
and the various private gianteeB. In t.herto
transactions his connm John, whonliared IUH
abilities in surveying, and Thonms Taylor
were his principal aHflistants, While* tho
operations were in progress, ho wan con-
tinually oxpowod to the watchful joalouny
of Woraley, whose abilitit^s he had probably
underrated Potty still further oxaKprafco'd
his rival by an imprudent uso of mockery
and cynical jokes at tho expense of tho
Hgli protensionB of religion, combined with
an almost unlimited rapacity, which diatin-
guiahed him and many of the officorB of the
army. On the other hand, Petty gained
the confidence of Henry Cromwell, who ap-
pointed him hia private secretary and addi-
tion nl clerk to the privy cotmcil, and placed
complete reliance on his ability and honesty.
It should be borne in mind that Petty never
actually held the appointment of surveyor-
general of Ireland to the Commonwealth,
but was nominally employed either with or
under Wor$ley, who retained the title of
| survey nr-pneral throughout tho whole of
. the.se tranHnetion.s, until he wns nnperweded
i by N'ineent(uM)Kin|q.v.|aiewinonth8 before
, the end of tin* protii'torat.o.
ThtM'apidity uiul thoroughness of Petty'a
Work are neknn\vledi';od hy ( 'lareudon (,/,//>,
;L 1 hi). The work of distribution provoked,'
jtrnvever, endless nnimosit,i\s and j(Ni,loiiHie,s
ainouj{' the ollicers; and all who 'wore dis-
i appointed tnndf^ Petty responsible, for their
<hsap]H)intmrnl,M. Tile principal ground of
rompiHtut WUH that the whole of the army
debt had not boon {mid, and that a lar^o
l port ion of the forfeited cHtutoM had been
used, owing to the omlmrri'HHod condition
of dim ImanceH of t.ho Commonwealth, hi
moetituf t.ho expensen of the survey, and,
among* other churtfen t tho walnry of Peltv
himnelf, Tho ae,t of parUanuMit 1 ^ howiwi^r,
| under which thoHtirvoy had been earned out,
expressly provided for this, and the decision
| wan that of tho prlry emmeil and not of Potty,
! Some binds neur Limerick, wlueh had heen
given to Potty instead of to a (lohmei Wink-
wortli, and were reputed anton^ thn bent, iti
I 1 ivlund, fonne<l a special groun<l of complaint.,
The mouthpiece of the opposition was Sir
Ilieromo San key* a military oIHeor, Aided
by Worsley, he pursuml Pet !y with pi'rent an'i-
wony, attacking him before tho Irish privy
council, in the parliament of Uichnrd (,rom-
woll to wlneh thoy both had boon elected
in tlw rcwtorwl lUinrp (lur>0), and in tho
councils of tho army oli'ieoju Petty, however,
defended himself with HUCCOSH; and the at. tack
of Sankey in parliament proved a complete
failure. 'During the complicated ovontu bt v -
tweim the doat.li of tho Protector ami tho
HeHtoration when tho grantees of the (lorn-
monweallhwen^ every whore (Mitering'on tluur
J r'wli eH(,at en- -Petty wa,M fre<(uent ly employed
as t.ho bearer of wecrH. deHpn.tehe.s betwei^n
Jlenry Oromweli in Ireland and Richard
Oromwoll, Secretary Thurloe, Lord Faucon-
bcirjjf, U<menil Klc(\t.wood,anil othora in Eng-
laiui. 1 Iti was I heroforo naturally involved iu
tho ruin of tho Oomwellian ]>arty in 1051).
Deprived of all bin appointments and ejected
from Bnwcnoso by tho triumphant ropuhli*
cans, hf> rt^tinul t.o Ixnulon, and there calmly
await-ed events in the Hoeiety of hia formoV
Oxford alluw, mowtof whom had romovod to
London. J Jo was one of the inembew of the
Rota Olub which Antony Wood noted m
f thn placo of ingenious and smart discourse/
and one of tho choHon companion 8 of Pepya
at Will's eolftju-houtttt, wiu^n*, all that was
inoRt brilliant in Kn^liHh literary and scien-
tific society was in the habit of meeting' to
discuss the events of the day. The Orom-
wellian party having fallen, and the ani-
Petty
115
Petty
mosity of tho puro ropuhlicann of whom
Sankey waaa toadurbmng only too clnir,
Petty readily ar quit w.od in tho Ht ^torai ion.
Charles II auV.tod thu nocit'ty^of wumtlllcj
men, and took anpiKHal intWHtin shipbuild-
ing 1 . With hirt brolhor tho Duke of \ ork, In*
extended a willing welcome t,o IVtty, whom*
acquaintance hu had prolmbly made an one
of the members of a deputation from tho
Irish parliament, in whirh Potty nut for
Eimiaeorthy, Tho king appears to have been
charmed with hm cliHcmirse, and protected
him againat tho attac.krt of tho extreme,
church and Htato party t which msontod IUH
latitudinarian opmioiw and viewed with
dialiko Ins connection with tho Cromwell
family, which Petty refused to abandon or
disown. On tho occasion of the Urn!, incor-
poration of tho Royal Society (J April U)tt*J) t
of which he wan one of the original members,
Petty wan knighted; and he roeeived assur-
ances of support from tin* Onko of Ormonde,
who liad probably not forgotten tlui eilbrtn of
Gookin and Petty on behalf of tho * ancient
protn&tantH, 1 of whom tho duke wart one, at
the time of tho transplantation. HiHCOumn,
John Petty, wan at the Hamo timo mademu"-
veyor-gonoral of Inland.
Petty contributed noveral scientific paperfi,
mainly relating to applied mechanicn oxid
practical invontiona, to the * PluloHophieal
Transactions' of the Royal Society, II o de-
vised a new kind of laud carriage ; with Sir
William S">ragg<i he tried to ttx an ongino
with propo. ling power in a nhip; hti invented
* a wheel to ride mon ; ' and coi'wtruetod a
double-keeled veHeel which waft to be able to
cross the Irish Channel and defy wind and
tide, This last aehome wan bin pet child, and
he returned to it again and again* ft i re-
markable that tho earlier triala of thia claH of
ship of which Bovoral wortt btiil t- woro more
successful than the lator. Petty maintained
his confidence to tho hint in tae possibility
of building 1 anch a v<WHl ; and in modern
days tho SUCCORH of tho UalaiH-DouvroM in
croBaing the English Ohannoi, though with
the assistance of wteam-powor, luw to a graat
extent justified Ilia vie WH, lie nought to in-
terest the Royal Society in very many other
topics, ' A Diweo^ae [m ft ^ ^J ^ m '\ before
the Eoyal Society . , , concerning the UHB
of duplicate proportion . . * with a new hy-
pothesis of springing or elastiquo motions/
was published as a pamphlet in 1674. An
'Apparatus to the History of the Common
Practices of Dyeing/ and * Of Making Cloth
with Sheep's Wool,' are titles of other com-
munications made to the society (SPEATT,
Royal Society*, Biacii, Royal Society, L 55-
The AetH of Settlement and Explanation
(14, In Oar, I.i',o. 1 J , 17, and 18 Car. Ill, c.i>,
Irirth Statutes), which decided or attempted
to decide between those in actual possession
of the greater part of tho land of Ireland
and thowi who at the Restoration claimed
to be reinstated, Heenrecl Petty in a cotmidor-
aljle, portion of IUH eatateH. % These entates,
after tho termination of the survey, he had
greatly enbir^tnl by prudent; invuHtmonts in
land, Tho ' Down Survey ' wan also dt^clared
to bn the only authentic record for reference
in tho CUHO of diHputod claim, During 1 the
wholo of tho remainder of IUH life, however,
Petty WON involved in a (umlmual ntrupgl(*
with tho farmern of tho Irish revenue, wlu)
net np adverne clainia to portions of IUH
OMtiUortj and revived dormant claiuiAlbr quit-
rentK, Tbcne pn.t^nHionw he rewiHted with,
varying HUCCCHH, according an partion in Eng-
land and lrt*huul obbodand llowe.d. On ono
oee.artion hi 107(> he* involved himnolf in
KorkmM trouble by tho freedom with which
be Mpoke of tho lord ehaneollor of England;
on another ho became the victim of tho a-
Hanltn of one Ooloiud, Vonion, a profcBnional
bravo of tho Hehool of I Mood, lie wan alno
(jhalh^ngwl to light a luel by Sir Alan Hrod-
ric.k ; but having the right, anther challenged
party, to xiauio place and weapon, ho ntiuoiod
a dark collar and an axes ni or<br to placo
binwelf, boing Hhort-8ighte<l, on a level with
bis antagoniBt. He thereby turned the chal-
lenge into ridicule, and tho duel never took
place. Ho received a firm ftupport through-
out tho greater part of thono tranwictionH
from the kinff and tho Duktj of Ormonde,
though on at leant two occaaions ho riskotl
tlu* lows of their favour by his firm deter-
mination to aflflort whatever ho believed to
bo IUH "uBt rights. It is much to tho honour
of the Icing and the duko, the latter of whom
Petty deflcribefl an ' the first jcfentleman of
Kuropc* (/^w of Prtty, p, 189, lettot to
Southwell, March 1607), and to whose eldest
son, the Earl of OfiBory, he was warmly at-
tached, thai tho independent attitude of Petty
never caused more than a temporary estrange-
ment, At the time of tho excitement incident
to the 4 popish plot/ Petty kept liis head, not-
withstanding the hatred of the system of the
Roman church of which his writings show
abundant evidence* He supported the mode-
rate policy of the Duke of Ormonde on the
ground that, even if the Koman catholic
population wished to rebel, their means did
not permit them to do so. His dislike also
of the extreme protest ant party led him to
suspect the motives of those who exagge-
rated the danger. H was twice offered
, and refused a peerage. In the letter ccm-
Petty
nf>
taming the refusal of the first oller t hn
told Iho hinhop of Killaloc, through whom
it was miido, that ho would *no<mor ho a
copper farthing of iutrhwic value, than a
Inrns half-crown, how g-andily soever it be
stamped or gilded J (7i//<> of /Wfy, p. \;^\
Hia ambition was, however, to he a privy
councillor with aorac public? employment,
an honour \yhiclijitMt escaped him during
the events of 1071), owin^ to the failuro of
TempKs plans for reorganising- the privy
councils oi; England and I rcland* He aeemH
to have been especially desirous of bein,^
made the head of a atatwtieal oiliee whica
should pnumorat^ tUo population correct ly,
reorganise the valuation of property, and
ylacuj the collection of the taxcH ou abound
basis, and should also take measures against
the return of (;lw ravages of the plague, and
protect the public health. His special hos-
tility was directed against t;ho system of
farming- the revenue of Ireland, which in
"108'J ho had the Hatisfaction of seeing* abo-
lished ; but his own plans were not accepted.
Hi^ constant and unceasing eilotts at ml-
xttinistrativo and financial reform raised up
a host of owmuoM, and ho never, therefore
could #ftt favour at court beyond tlie per-
sonal good will of the king. "1 h\ wan, 'how-
over, made judg-o of admiralty in Ireland.
a post m which IIB achhwe'd a duhiotw
success, and a commifwionnr of tho navy in
England, in which character ho received
commendation from the luuff 'as one of the
best commissiontirs he ever luul' Kvolyn
draws a brilliant pictaw* of his abilitieB,
Ihere is not a bettor Latin pool Uvinjr/ ho
says, 'when he gim himMelf tJutt divtirsion :
nor is hut excollonco IOHH in Council andpru-
dent matters of state ; but; ho in m exceed-
ing nice in aiftixiff aud examining all possible
contingencies that he advntimwi at nothing
winch is not demonstration, There were not
m the whole world his equal for a Buperm-
tendent ot manufacture and improvement of
trade, or to govern a plantation. Tf I were
a l rmce I should make him my Bocond (3< mn
Keller at least. Thorn is nothing dlfKcwlt to
him . , , But he never could g'et favour at
Oourt, because lie outwitted all the projec-
tors that came nearo him, Having- nover
Jmown such another genius, I cannot but
mention those particulars amonmt a multi-
tude of others which I could produce 1
(EvEra, Diary, i 47 1 ii. 95-7). His friend
bir Kobert Southwell, cleric to the privy
council, with whom lie carried on a constant
correspondence, once advised him not to jro
beyond the limits prescribed by the extent
of the royal intelligence (Life, p. 284)
-Pepys gives an equally favourable view of
Petty
* ;rhriu ( h,H Hotwy. Horm K a dinn
^ ^^ ^l^^^^
i ( ^ru ( -iry 10(55, ], entnncra(e N the hrilliM if
\^^^
] ^^
I cfty, who ws (mo O f Uu> party, Neit
hnwever, <h, pmiws nf P( !
t, underlukit!,.' h,'
t m r liui<1 - r I.IH H ( ,
,
iw titlolotnmo. His ropuimion has priu-
paUyMtirvHvdaMa jmlitiral ectmomist and
may iairly claim ( take a leading place
*Wi ^^nderHnrtheHcienceoftluMLnu
<>t wealth, t lumjrh m IUH ImndM what h^nwl
jmhi-ical nnthniotir wan a practical art, rat her
than a theoretical Menace. Tho art; iMf i H
very a 1 ici(uit;HayH Sir W illiam I )av(manV hut
the apnhcatmu O f it , to tho particular ohject-H
ol i-rado and nnM*nup !H what, Sir Wil'liaui
etty (jrnt be K an'(nAVfWANr,/|^r/
l^.M. I et|y wr<it.jh pHucipally for i
*
of hw time. To quote JUH own words'
iTHHe,d hinusclf i u terms of number'
, ami mcaHtmsnml used onlv*arm-
ot HetiHc; and such an msted oii ' visilile
oum ahouM in miture' (/V//// Twt*. puln
r^r Boul(mk ^^won,' Dublin, 1701),
Karly in life lNl,ty ] m d 'aine,d tlie friond-
hip ot ( aptain Joint (iraunt. [q, v/'Land had
co.operate<l with him in the preparation of a
HnwU hook oatitlod ' ^Natural and iVliticai
ObHorvalionH . . . m,dn upon the Hills of
Mortality of thn <% of London ' (1M3)
this, whic i \vitH lollowiuliu KtS^hyaHimilar
r
work on thn Dublin hillH,may be regard ex 1 as
he fiwt book on vital HtatistieB <vr pub-
liwheil Of itH impfM'IcctdonH, owhiff to the
paucity ol tlu^ maU*rialH on which it was
founded, nobody wiw more consoiotiH than tins
author himself, H never ceased, for this
reawon,to ur^iMm thowein authoritythoneces-
mty of providing a Hywti^m and a government
department for the collection of trustworthy
BtalMfcicH (cf; IUNKB, 1!M, of JBntffawL iif,
58(1), In 1 Wtt Pet tiy puhliHhed A Treatise
oi laxen and (Jontribut ions' (anon, and often
reprinted), In HHlfi he wrote a fiTianoial tract
an titled * Vorbum Sapionti, 1 and in 167^ ir rhe
Political Anatomy of ImlmdJ Both were
circulated in manuscript, but neither seems
to have been print ed until 1 Of) J * In Ifjfte was
lnJailM/l f * nf *. < ,.-..,, ~! ^ M . f/'V..^... j ...... 1 .
*. . /7 j,,^,.* % V v*. 4*,t*wuuoi. 4,'JBWJiy iu J. UJLlDlCal
Arithmoticlc concerning the (Growth of the
City of London : with the Periods, Causes,
and Consequences thereof/ The publisher
explains, in the prefuce to the second edition
Petty
in 16'86, that a preliminary e^ny * On th*
Growth and KucreiiHe und Multijtlhvifiou of
Mankind 1 (to which refer* >u<v \* uwde) wn
not to bo found; hut. Iw prolixcN u KyUnlwsor
'extract' oHheworK, a?i wippliod h) n covre-
S'pondcnt of the author, Ubttncf from Imth
tfieso uftwayH were * Two K^nya in Polit ienl
Aritlunetielc,eoueenn^the People* Hoiviu|{
ing to prove that London hath iwuv people
thanPariH and Uoneu put t <get her/ which up-
reared, aimnttnneouy^v with n I'Veueh trztnH*
Ration, iu ItiSlt, VHHOUH ohject IOUM ruined
to tluMUiuchirtituiM here, arH^i'd ul were HU-
flwcpod by l*efiy in the following } -<t r f in
hifl'Kivo MsHayH hi Polifictil AcithutefieK/tv
lirief pataphlet, print eil iu I'Venrh utid I'iujj*
lush on opponite j)uge"4 { Ltuidou r i wi*e 1^ pp
8vo), About the wimo time itppeuvod l Oh-*
wu'vationH upou tlte ('it ten tf hiuvdou nud
Homo' (London, HH\ Hvn). ThU ^troup of
I'ctty
or u UiHconrH( Cinin'riun^ tin- **\trnf
valuo of Lattdu, IN'oplo, Utiihlinf.*/<:
bmdry, Manuturlun^ (loiumrrn*. H.sh
Soninon, Soldim ; l*uhlir
, , . t ,
8vo), dt'tUcuUul to Witlinin til hv lito au-
thor'n won ' ShclhorniO Thif* wtn'L wrlffrn
ly,P(ii;tyft early HH KtTOor Kl77, hut rcftiwini
a licMwo aw likoly to jjfivo ollrnn* in FrtuH'<%
Iiad mwort.Iu^h'HH lnuu printed, dntdttli'MH
without Potty *H couniut 7 iu KJH.M, |i (h'ti
apjKwnl in tho form of an appendix to J, S/M
' fourth Part, of tht* Pn\sfinl Stttin cf Mng-
land,' 108.1 (aHpurioun cimtiiutatif>nt>n'ljaiu
btu-layiuO, uudor the Hoparati* lit lo* Kn^tsutd'H
Guide to fnduniry; or, Iinpnvimim1 nl'Tvntlo
for tlio Hood of sill IVoplo in <i i nral , , *
by a pumm of quality 1 (Tho only pcrfnct
copy known of thin nnauthoriwd odiiJon i
in tho .Bodlcnan Lihrary.)
All these worlw may \M mid to bolonjf to
what, in nu)tltm daya, hanboim cnlhnl tlm in-
ductive school of political Monomy, though
they contain omt iimt.anotm of purtlly deduc-
tive reafloniug, e,g, a Hpeulathm on a par
of land and labour/ which OITUW in tlw
JTroatise of Taxu ' (ch, i v.) In tlu wtt of
117
* I und hunt, und no
juwtttun met Hl:^ lit* \\eut very i\iw tonrrivint|'
t Hf ncnrroet t lumry of trade. Outhonuc huiul,
1 j hi^ hud h'inre him the eMunple of Iltdlnutl,
i which npprniu'hrd more twniy to bim^ a
i free |nrl ttmtt unv nthef eoiintry, levying' iln
i nf Frnr<% which, under Colbert, WIH
., untK the eowmevcinl li>ti^lutiou whieh
was MOM tn invnh'i* Kurnpe in n prolonged
war of tnrillK fVtty derided iu fuvottr of
t he- owiwplo of Holland. Hut he invert hole,s
Hlill I'li\ed tlutl th^re wn,"< HOtuo tuherent
MUperiiU'ily iu the precitittM tnetnln over other
articles nf wealth* nud NoeniM to Cimteiuplato
that i utidcir poKiihh* cireuttiHttiuceM t it might
h<* tnt ( ee?iS(U 4 ( v to cheek ilu* ituuitvtutiouH <\v-
Ci'edittg 1 tho export at iou**t in ordev to prevent
the jMveiwiM mrtid's tVotij lenvinffthecotuitry.
ih the other Imud, h coudeiuited elsewhere
utteiuptM ' Itr per;unch wntiT to rirte of ilwlf
,
. fh. vi; ( IW, ,/fnY/f, rh, L :!*jt, is. il.Vo.nwl
many Hituiiar i*\preH,don c(ndi^nuatorv of
tntertenMico with th< nut und coutW of
and finance was paHHitig- through a pwiod of
transition, ^ Tho old 'prohibitory School, th
ideas of which were aimod against tiw oxport
of the precious motaln, wa dying, and 'the
morcantiltt ' wystwrn \van at niggling into it
;?lace. This flysunm Bought to dtwelop trade,
)ut to regulate it with a view to tmcourugo
the import of the preeioiw nietalH into t'lio
country. Petty saw clearly tho folly of thu
Prohibitory sy8tom,audlu8aout<jraina having
analysed the sources o wealth as bemglabcmr
HeMd*'rt hw correct annlywH in the * Tren-
ti;Mf Tn\'n ' ttf the origin of wealth, which
w one of Petty'rt principid tit lew to fanu,
'(>iit^tige8 iu ht vartotiH workn nhow that- lio
tad cleittlv fCtnnped the iittptr(itnec* of tlui
dt vision oj Jahour, luid of the tnultinlicatiou
of weidf li priM'fMiding ;ww /><wi* with the in-
crejiMe of pojmlat ton j that* ho mulorntood i]w
follv of IHWH ngainHt umtry; the, nature of
tntchiinge ; and the risfiHonn why tho preciouw
irtat,H are the- lient nuetwuro of valuo, though
he involved himwdf in a hojxdtwa attcuupt
to find a *par of value 1 for tho proeioim
nietulM IIH well H for otlior cunnnioditioH,
The * Political Anatomy of IrelancP i an
ahlo doHcription of tlio land aud pooplo of
t.ha count-ry, and analyfitw the Iwwt mcnuis
of <lovfdop*iftg U reaotirc(W* Tho hostilo
policy of tho Knglih parliu-
raadw Potty a BtrongpartUan of a union
tlio two countries as thtt only
mmim of preventing the natural Industrie^
of thu finnallr iwland bfting struck down
by liwr joaloua and eoltiah neighbour, and
wnw confirmed the natural leaning of hi
mind in the direction of unvetitricted trade*
lie waft a strong partisan of religious free-*
dom, aad here again found roasons in sup-
port of a union, as h6 believed that only by
this moans could the Roman catholics of Jr'-
land, if admitted to power, be prevented
from persecuting the proteatants ; whik^ on
the othwr hand,' he thought it desirable to
strengthen the Roman catholic interest in
Petty
n.S
Petty
England agaiiwt tho bigotry of tho rxtnmo
protest nut H.
IVtty*H concluding 1 y*rs wor k darkened hy
tho ovtwttt which nurn'tsUul tin* ii<voj*Hioii of
Jamcti 11", Tho king* wiw pcmmnHy wH
dUpoHdd to him, and UH{*IUH! with attfii*
tiou to hit* Hchonw for rtortfanisintf thr
re vtiiuwand tlwadminiMt ration; while rotty,
partly from a general optimism, which, nut-
withntHnding all his wtni|f#lc ftiul many
cliHappohitmt k uta, wan one of the i<wi pleutf-
ing featnrrM of IIIH ehnradrr, partly from
hia wwpioion of both tho great contcndm,!* 1
'mrtioti in church and Htato-, \vti? di,spoM*s
liko INmti, to take a favourable view of tin*
iutcutioiw, The disappointment, when
it came, wan, lor thin MHHOU, probably Urn
mow keenly felt. Whether he , hcnni before
his death of the til tuck on tho little indus-
trial Hottlowent which ho had founded at
Kouinnro in Kerry, doejuwt oiuu*tly appear;
but hi frit"n<l, hunl \\ > <yniouth 1 who dim**!
with hint at tho Royal Society imnu'tlinfcly
boforo IUH death, *U tributes tho chnn^i* wlttek
he obmrvo<l in him t< dtstreMM at the U I WH
trom Ireland. Hodied on HI Dec, UH7 in
Tjondon, and wii.sbiiri*^} in thonhlny church,
Uom<y, where a monument w<w eri^rfed to
him in the prewwt century. The KiutfupponrH
to liuvo ntniniaintul hiH pcfnouut gotnhvtll to
.Petty to tlw lut ? and probably re^re-tttnl
tho aiHaHtrouH eflVetH of bin own policy on
the fortune of bin frioml in Irelami
Petty married, in UH7 t Klixahcth, widow
of Sir Maurieo Fenton, and daughter of Sir
llardrcsH Waller [q, v.], re^ici<le. She wan
created BaroneBH Hhelbunui by JnnneH II on
31 Dec, 1088, j^v thin latly, who died in
[February 1708, 1'otty had fibres Hurvivinj(
children, Chttrlnw, Jhmry, and Anno, Thtt
two BOIIH were sucwwWtdy crontd Lord
Sholbtmitt, but both died childlwK, Thi\
Petty eatattm tliertMipon panned t,o John Fit**
maurico, aecond Hurvivmg aou (if I*oUy'H
daughter ^Aniui, who luul nmrriod I'hoinaH
Fitxmaurico, lirafc oarl of Ktrry, in wJoHt
favour the Sholburno titlo wan ajjain revived.
Anne Potty uppearw to hayu inherited much
of her father a mathematical and hnni
faculties, and was declared by William,
of Shelburno, to have brought into blm Fi
maurice family ' whatever d^roo of m
may have appeared in it, or whatever wonlth
is likely to remain iix it * (L{fe tf ti/trl~
burne, i, 3).
Besides the works already mentioned,
Petty wrote a 'llifltory of the Down Sumy/
edited with notew for tho Irish Archsological
Society in 1861 by Sir Thomas Lareom, and
J Beflections upon some Persons and Things
in Ireland; which is a popular account of
] the Mime frnn.wttmw in the wlmponHcttera
; between hiwsrlf ami an imaginary eom-
Njiondont (London, l(tt>0); also a *'Hrwifof
t!o IVoeoMiiU'.H between vSir Uiorotne San-
i key nnd the Author* (London, KloJ)), 1H
i will eimt (titled n curioun nnd rbttrar'terintic
( summarv *f hin life and Htru^leH, It was
; printed in 17<U> n an introduction to the
f voltune of * Petty Tnirtrt* (Dublin); but a
t mure aeeurate reprint is to he found in tho
j *TnuiMietiouM tf the K*oyul Irish Aradtwy*
j (vol. xuv, * Antiquities, 1 pt, i, ), beinK givJn
by Ati% Harding, in tlu* nppendiv to his in-
i Icrehiin^ 1 ue(*ottutH of (be Irish wu'veyg, A
( Murrinet catalogue of all hts writings wnnleft
: by I'i'ttv atnon^ hw papers, in which he iu>
, KtiMxvted^e.'thj'tvfhuro HI theiu)t)tor<shipof tlm
1 HiM'ourw n^uinst the Trnu?iplnn{ntiou into
('oTUiutif.ht/ wbicb hud hitherto been atlri-
( bufetl rvrluiiively to \"ii!ceitt UooKin [<|. v.']
iif r f IIJ.H pupers he left a wet of pithy
actions to bin children, which show a
*f w-orliitv wisdom and hiijfh
Jubti Auln*v, onr of JNtty
iin iiromnf of JUM prrwnnt {tpji
"IH u proper hundsoiiti* nuin,' iho nntupuiry
writ**;*, * tui*UHUff^ fiis foot hiffh, g'ood bend
of iirown hair, modorntoly turning up -vido
bin ptriitr nn l*r, of rbywii'k bin oyen nro
of a kind of ^oom^gwy, but very abort*-
^i|j;'bff*d ; nnl HH tottHprn't tu'iintiful, and pro*
IUIMO HWerUiew of Hat ur ; and tlwy <Io irutt
fhs'oivf^ tor hi* in n tiuirvcllotiM good-nu-turcd
pf-wtm, and tftrftAtty^Pov. I'Jytdirowt* thickf
dark, and Mtrtii^ht (horizontal), Ilin lnd
m vory larg^ (^twptit/mAov) * (IMlelan
Xrffrw, ii 4H7)
Sov^rul jmrtwiitH of JVtty <*xit, tho bwt
Iming thnt of him UH * Doctor of Physic* by
Loly t now iu thv 'iHwwwHton of Mr, (Jharh*s
Monck of Colny [*ark t Hondin^, Auhwy
ttllmit'H to it nirturo by Lo^an, which in pro-
bably t hut to tw wtvn on t hi* IVoittwpuH't* of thft
tuupM of Jrotand on^ravtHl by Huntlyfi ; and to
another by Hanuufl ('or>pir. Thnrn i also a
portrait byC/loKtorinanut LwwdownH IIouHt^
tn Uw pom'M8iou of tlio Murquw of LaiiH-
downo; an angntvin^ of it, by J* Smith, m
in t\u\ National Ua',lry f Dublin. In tho
s BibHothctta IVpywianA at (*ambridge are
two good drawing of tho * doublo-bottomwl *
wliip* A modid of thm nhip, which in stated
to have oxiHtod afc Grualmm Oollwgv, has boon
last,
[Much information in wgard toP^tty w to be
foumi in Aubrtty' lAmn ( Bodlwatj Lntt wH,vol ii.),
iw Woad* Afchontt Oxon,, in tlw Diary of Pt*py,
ami in Kvoiyn'0 Momoirn. A careful Httwly by t he
German ecotjomifc ltocher appwrwl in 1857 ra
the Trauoactiout uf the Royal feJcioBtilic Society
Potty
Petty
M h! lri,h Srv, r ^ by Mr H.U, >..-;..
tauuimitv '''''*'' ll|l|| " tf '"">" i! ' ,'
' ,f hid imMWt<'.l w,.rl.M H(.|m"< m \WU
Ahm, Ox. m...i..aa lull ,ui vnln., '!,- !'.I>
n/.v, \\x. H>S). During thin y<nir hr wan
*ul by Bnto in hm in^otiatiom for an
\viih Ilrnry Kox (ij. v.) '
V f fir ill H t'U "I lM*t" * " ' "" f I 1% M*lt i' *'** <^l" T ''*'"'''*''' *t r * "
Aihoiitt' Oxon,. find a full ni.it viUuhli M't"j \ n tho Unuwof Unls For tho withdrawal ot
trniphy, by IVitlwT rimrlm II, Hull, *j-i'uvii , thi'troojwfrotuOprmuny, On 5 Fob. 17USJ ho
111 NutVh iuul Quorum in Sq'inuN r W/, A tuil n ^ n ' m ur pd thoir withdrawal, and Hitfno.d a
Tbkvn'aphy WUN j'Uhli<ln'd in SK>. by flu* f>n* , p mf( ,, H{ n> f tt inM, tho rojortion of tho Oulwof
p'KTTY 'WILUAM* ftwi MAUUIM* or,
,1, A ^ ,**<* ^ - I 4 VC f i 1 ' t >
.,,"*("" tw/lj"^ iv *i iii flu' I'ldtM'JiOH ot flit* '
IK! KNF ( I / * M * ' '* * '* * ** I'Hr t M n * i***
Hon. John Kit/,wnunn\ who a,".;.uwod ihi,
iuimo of Potty in IVM, iwd WH* jwluo--
quontlv wvatod ICrl ot hhribnrtjo, by hui
lifo Mary, d<tup;htrr of Colonol tho Horn;
"William i'Ht/.nuuirtro if (Julian* 1 , c^ Ki*rry
Ho wan born in Uuhlin on sin Mnv JV.'U',rtmi
Bpont tho first four v*r: of hi hd* tn u ro-
moto part of <ho luuttl^ of I rotund NMW IUH
^randfathor, Thi>nms I''it/,tmu"ic% tirnf onrl
of Korry. whont* \vito WHM th only iiau^htir |
ofSir\<'ilUiun Potty iq-v-j Aororduw to bin ;
own tuvount of hi y*mhful da>n, htw onrly
edticatiou wan ' n*gl'<MMl lo tho^r*ttloM <lo
m'oo/ Ho WUH tiwt *wnt to an ordinary-,
publick wlund; stn<t wiw ftmjrU * nhut
up wit.h a pnviito t utor * wlulo his* futhor an<l |
aovontoon ho wont to Chn,*l Church f <K\tojd \
whom htunatntMiiat<*d on II Muroh 17^
and *had nfjfiun tho tninlbrtuno tojati unrl^r \
j> loft the untvcrwfy in 1767 without t
diigroo, and wrvod in tho ^Kpoditicm to
^ochcfort, tn Juno i7oHhM^ohtintfcdmfo |
tho Itrd regiment of footK*wrd** and nnbw^
quontly wn-vod undor 1'rUiw* l^^UnanU und
Lord Urunby in tJ^rmuny, whom h; dw-
tinpfuwluul hfowolf at tho battlo of Mindtm (
and at Khmtcr K tun won. While atmrnd Im
wan roitirnod to tho Uotww of ('Oiumonn for
tho family borougli of IH^h Wyc<nubo in thn
pla of hw father, who wa ctroatod a pwir
of Owwit Britain on 17 Way 170CK ( <.)u
4 Doc, 1700 hw wan rownrdwiiorhw military
aervicofl with tho rank of wlonwl in tho army
and tho pont of aido" > do*c f ainp to tho Jun^.
At tho goworal oh^ttion in 1,7(U ht wa again
rotunuwl for U,ih Wyjujmlw, and wan aino
eloctiid to Hw Irinh parliament for t-h county
of Korry. Th doath of hw father in May
1701 prcivrmttwl him from Hitting m wthw
HouBii of Commons, and on 3 Nov* 1761 he
took bin at in lh Bngliali Iloutw of Jxwl
as Baron Wycombe (Jmrnak of tkt> Ilomc */
/ 7*flf f^f iff if*/" frt' 1 filU'ff'"**" "/' 4^'^Ht'l* ln/)( 11* > w
Oo b l*r"forrin^ i(k maintain an intl'p k ndonti
r<ntrwo nf not ion, Sliolburuorofustsl to aceopt
oilico ujidor Hnt*, though ho undtrtoolc tho
tn:4 of iudnt'in^ l*'ov tt ncropt tho U*dor-
nhip of tho HOUMO of Comnioiw, and ^ wan
with tho motion approving of tho
iiM of pooo t>n il Uoc, 17(W. KOJC,
on tdnitninjjf MM rownrd for piinin^ thooon-
wi^nt. itf tho'honrn to tho pouoo, nccuniul Shol-
burn+i of Imvintr wocurotl bin Horvic*K by a
muotnfomont of tluMornw (HOO Kox, HMNUY,
ih-Mt HAHON Uoi,i,,VM|a chnri(o which ban
boon mitisfnottn'ily rofntod byword Kdiuond
t'lt/.innunoo in bus mrouot. of \\w HO-nillod
4 inotH frnud ? (ftift\ I. U*M iM Itntocon"
ttnu*Hl to show IUH nndiminiHhod conlidonoo
in Shollwrno an a jvo^olintor by omployin^
lum HM hU ititormodiary with Kord (/Jowor,
tho Duko of Bodford, and otluu'B ihmujf tlw
t\riuution of Unmvillo'H miniHtry. Hholburno
WHH to itavo booti Hiwrotar.y of ntato in tho
ttnw ndminwtrttt ion, but-, owin^ to ( Irouvillo
oitiMmitton ho WIIH obli^iHl to coutonfchunHolt
with' tho inferior oilitje of prosulont of thu
board of trwto mid foroiffn plant at.ioTiH,
with a Moat, tn tlit* cabin (^((rwnwlcldpPM,
IHoil -H, ii, J15-H t 4 1 ). i jo wan flwonni motn-
bor^of Vho privy council on iiO April! 7<W,
but H(Mn found hiinHolf at variance witli hia
oollinisiuoH A low day aft or ho had taken
ofliro Shol'bnrno ^xpowid thi> blunder which
Halifax had mado in Innuinpf a gmioral wiir-
rant, for tho arroal <rf tim author oi tUo
faiwotw N f . ^>of fcho* North Briton- 1 With
' Itoomont lui wa froejuontly in colhwon on
qmwtumH both of policy and of aclmimstni-
tion, Ho <UHatWhd did Bhd 11 wrao become
with W poHition that he was with dilliouity
jd by Bute to remain m oluce. in.
r ,,."he wan oniployod by Bute ixi ( an an-
i^tlie object of wWch. was to displace
ijrwu/iUtt and* to bring back Btt^witii tue
Bwlford connection (Umtham
dm*, 1880-40, ii. 336 n). On the
of the negotiations between Pitt and t
king, Sliolliurne msigned the bod of trade
(8 t3ot>U, but at the same tome afisured the
klnff that he still meant to swport the
Jovwnmimt. He, however, soon aftwajrd
attached himself to Pitt, and jouiod ike ianKB
Petty
I 2O
Petty
privy seal. By the appointment of Lord
HillshoriMUjh M a third secretary of state
in January 17U-S Shelburue WH relieved of
his charge of the American colonies, Hut,
in spite of this chiui)4'<\ the dillereiuws be-
tween Shelburue and his colleagues con-
tinued to increase, In April be successfully
opposed, the adoption oi' UillshoroutfhV in-
juuicioUH instructions to Governor Bernard
"with reference to the circular letter of tho
Mnssaehnsotts assembly. In June he vainly
protected ngwnsi, the annexation of Corsica
iy France, In Hept ember nil the members*
of tho cabinet were agreed upon coercive
Nu'nsureM aptinst UK* Auiericnn cohmistn,
with the except ion of Shclburne, and Chat-
ham, who WIIH still ulwut through illness,
Khi'lbunw i,s nine* said to bine been (be only
one who \VM ng'JiinHi the expulsion of \Yilken
from the House of ( 1 onwionH (<VmmM
/V//WA\ iv. T/l), a measure which wtw
rbmiurouMlv demanded by the kind's friends,
On o Oel, \Ti\ft tlrnflou wrote to (luUhaui,
ntid demanded Shelhtirwfa diHmiNHnl. To
this (Mmlluun relusinl to ^n*o, but imnw-
dintely nfterwnnlM teiuiered hiH reignatiou
to the*lti^r on ttie ground of Inn ,shntUrnd
heuhh, Ou !0 Ort, Shelbunus who appears
tohnvebetn ignorant of riwtham'rt retire*
nient iVom olliet% ohtnhu'd an audicmus of
the king, and resigned the Kealn,
Att]te opening of parlinment on Jan.
!770,$hclimrno ntipportetl rlmthftm'rt at (nek
upon the ^ovcnuuent, tuul (tilled attirniiott
to llie ularminff Hlate of nlluirH cm the con*
tSneiit^ where ICn^Innd wan without tin ally,
On I May he Bpoko in favour of the bill for
tho reversal of tho prorecdiug'H in tho Uotwo
of Ooiwww a^hint \VilkeH, and decbinul
that Lord North deH i rv( k d to be impeached
(Part- Ilht. xvL iMJo), Thn^o dnyn after-
wurtlrt ho HU]>ported (Jhat.luim^ motiou con-
domniu^ tho kin^H aunwer to the, romon-
dotOTiniuatioii to rtmiove^any wll-foudotl Htmiico of tho city of London, and alluded
He alfio matruott'd tlu jjovwuorH in Mcuthinfi t.(*n to tlu^necret mllumico ot
' ' " '' xvL *'
Dulto
made
of the opposition ( ftrenvitle hipcrx, i). XHK\
ii*J(), iii$0). On 29' Nov. ho took part in the i
debate on tho proceedings apfuinHt. \Vilkcs t !
and apoke a^uinst the. nsaolution that * pnvi-
lego of parliament does not extend tojhe
case of writing and publishing wulihoiw
libels.' l ? or hiw Hpiucli on thi^ occasion Whel-
burne, waw (iwnnHHtHl from bin ntalF apptnnt*
mont (H J)ec.)i pd o^ IH'H ntvxt appenranc<^
at court no notice WUH tnken of him by the
king, Shelburue, tliereu]>on retired into the
country, whore ho occupied himself in tin*
improvotnont. of hw t^tatos, and in the, col-
lection of manuscript ,
On 25 April 170-I- he took IUH wnit in the
Irish Douse of Lords us .Marl of SheUmrne
(Joumafaqfthe lrkh Ihwwuf Ln'ttx,\v. JU I ),
lie refused Hockin Cham's invital "urn to ret urn^
to the hoard of trade, and at; tho opening of
tho session, on 17 Dec,, he at tacked the policy
of the Stamp Act Ou 10 Fob, 17W In* spnko
warmly agaiuHt ilu^, declaratory resolutions,
maintaining that thnro were only A tw> quen-
tions for tho consideration of Parliament
repeal, or no ropeal '--and t hat * it. wan unwise
to raise tho nuoHtion of right, whatever their
opinions mignt b(^ ' (Life-, ^ JJ7< 7), In the
following month ho asHwltul Itockin^Uam in
pUHping tho repeal of the Stamp Actu
Upon Pitt's return to power, Sb(d1nirne was
appointed secretary of statt^ for tho southern
depart munt (iiii July 1700), Tn order to put
an (Utd to tht k , evils of a divided administra-
tiou of the. col<uicH, the board of trade was
roductnl, to a mom board of report by an
order of council of 8 AUR. 1 7(50. ^ By these
moans the entire administration of tho colo-
nies wan placed under the, undivided control
of Sholbu'nw, who iurminliutely st^t. to work
to regain the good will of th American
colonists, lie assured their agents in Kng-
laud of the intention of tho government to
adopt a conciliatory policy, and of his own
determinati
grievances.
of the various colonies to furuwh him with
particulars of all mat tors in dispulo, and to
t\w king's friondH
tho debate on t)m
American nwolatiotm,
oi
hhdburne,
report on the actual condition of their ro- American nwrtutiotm, hhilburn macio a
8")octive governments, Finding, howovw, violent at tack uponthomnuHterri^andtwHertcHi
t^at his conciliatory moaflttWB ww thwarted that tlwy ' worn HO Icwt to thp senttmentH ot
by Ms oollttaffiies during Chatham's absence, fthiuuo tJiat tlu^y gloried in thwr djhn<iucnoy
Shelburne ceased attending^ the meetings of (/ft. xvi, KW4 (>), On ^ Nov. he renewl
the cabinet for aome time, and moreiy at- his attack upon the nuniHt errand <U;(tlarca
tempted, in his executive capacity of wore- that thecouut-ry would ' nmtluw bftiuutca at.
tary of state, to neutralise as far as possible ' homa nor roqwdwl abroad,^ till tht^rcn ox
the disastrous effects of TownshontTfl policy, gov^rnmont. i
the disastrous effects of Townshond'fl policy, gownraont aro lodged with mm, w)io have
Shelburne'fl position was one of peculiar some little prutwisiotw ta common wi8aml
difficulty. Hated by the Mmr. and do* common honesty* ($. xvi, 1113-14). Uri
r i. . i. _ii _.._.... i. _ ..."_*. 11^. i A i^,.u 1*771 Iwi ti-M/Hl/tt < Ki*fi.i* t.lin.ti mi liHCl
,
Bounced by his colleague, he was naturally 14 Feb. 1771 ho spoke * better than he had
anxious to retire ; white ho also felt bound to ever clona ' while pointing out tho many oir-
keep his place so long as Chatham held the jcctiona to the convention with bjwm
IVlly Petty
nJ^neetothe MiiUawl I-ilnniK { Wu,i'ou! t : more than n string of nophismH, no Uw
MtinuirA </ thr IhiyH "f f*M'r;/<* J7/t IKM, vnvlclunt in their t<^furo than iunoltmt h
iv, IHlJ)'. iHnhenrfrt^d'by fh/dntdr.t r4nf' fh*sr tenor* u^, \viii, UlKf Ul), In April
of the oppottttion, Sholhut'w w-nt abroad m 1VVV hi' protected nfrott^Iy against, the pay-
May ml, ttCcoMwni'<l bv hi- tVi*'iul iwd w^nf f tin* nwiu* of th<< civil list (th* xix,
political intimate, Uaac Ilnnv t | t v/ Wiuln IM il, ^< tn ,'K) May li^mipp(rt^U Chatham's
at I'HHH he nnuh' the iinjwisfifaiie*' of the niottnu fur uu ittMneMi to tho crown lor
\M(C Morellot.tn whiuu h* n\\n| hu cn pulling it nt op to the hoHtiliticH iu Amerieu,
vernion to the *!nt'tnn*tf of th<> rcnHouur tuul ltmv4v uttucKiMl Archbishop Murkhtun
whool, Ui>on hi'-i rrturn to Mu^lfiiid, h^ tot* itrniichintf doctntuH Hubvcrwivo of tho
jwtcrcHtcd hituMflf on lu-hulf f fhr n-nc*m run-it it wt ion u'/*, xt\. U 1 7 t JUi) f>U. Shol-
iorniiMK in their ntf**tpf to i ;voiMirr rvwp* Imni^a jijnn*h oit thiyioctwon waHdtHcrilK*d
ti<m From nnltM'ribin^ t> tat* Tlusi'vmn* ty tbi* youn^f l*itt * us >m of tlu^ nuwt. in-
Articb'M, npnl'*i> vutrwK 'tp-^uftrHi th* pa:."'- tt'V^'itin^ tuu! forcible* that, ho had ever
immf the Il(\ul Mivri'r!' Itil',, I >ur*n^ t h<* bi*Ht*d MM'ould even ifuutrine ((*httthnwt (hr*
dubatoon ilu'Kn,<t lu'Un < 'mumm';* Ur^nlii'
timi Hill on 17 Jtnir IV* J{ Sh')ltun- Itn-nm*'
tiim Hill on IVMuitr I / * ;i , < sh < titin < i*ri'nm' ^oi'tb';* coneilintory bill on r Mufch 177H,
iuvolvcil in H hn|' HltfjTuUnn \\itb tb* UuKc Shdbrnn declared that * he would never
of Hichinond, * \\lnrh bi-inl nbn*:*t th ; c*n<rnf that America nhould lit^ indf^xni*-
wlude of that ntil tlio f n o fidloww 1 , 1 . lny* ibmt * t /*-"/, //AY, xix.KV) 0; wee also ( %af-
(A//c ti. l*VH. Hi'i .jn-rh contributed Intm (\wttfwttfwiWi tv, -1X04). During
larijfeiv to live rMtcei" , f b- toll, nttil Mt \vu-i tbi^t month Nrth nttinnptcil to per.muulci
univeiVallv^aitl thnt L*n! Sbclluirnr 'howi*d (Mttdhmti atul Studhurni" t>o join the govern-
*<..,. UuiA-hyt..,* m ihr uti'jur.H uf India, than tnrtit. Hut Shrlburnc (jnickly put ut\ oml
>nt in 'itb'r Hon-n*' t, ('/ntf/iwn t tbenc^otiationKby e\pn*HKin^ bin opinion
% iv, ^i;ij 1'h*^ <itlt'*vne''H that, if nny arrn| i ;etmt WUH to ho mudo
^ two ,'.ichon of the \\hjf party wuh the op|HMition/ htmUlhat.luuninunt bo
dictator/ itml tbut a complete cJiao^n in tJu
to \Villvt*H nntl bv hi;* r*'t'unl to ;*ign thi Ite ftsnk part in tho ttdjourttwl tlebuto ontho
I of thov^bi^ TM *''.-. ni,Mitu't, th" Iri^h ntnti' of th* nutioti tho day nfl(r (Chatham
tax* Uu :'ti!nn, tvVi* licjuippurtiHt , hml htnw ttthen ill in tlu> IIOUKO (H April
ni'rt motion for tb* \\ithlni\\jii oftbt* ' 177^), nwl onco tnoro impmtchtHl tho uon
from Ho-ton t nntl cMnb*mm*i *iho duct of tlu nnni-stry which wim 'tho ruin
^ tniu^icis iiitfi ininttmtiou of co iw well m the tliH^nic^ of thin country'
H , W4lltt ,1m AWncimi* into n blind mid wr- ' (/WrA //A m, lO^T^ 1050.M) , Ilm
vile HtthmiKnoi) ' { htrL fttnd \vtii, l*:!*il* mot ton, on 1H May following that, tuo UOUHO
On 1 Fell, he lnlh .*',! Ueunl vot*t| fnr l'!m( ' of LorL:4 should attend CJhntham'H funoral in
l4t5)*fuuloii7I'Vhmnt!efi,viuhitiiUtiiekupoiI I vote (ft, xix* l'JJtrf-1). The hwtohip of
.Lord MnuMlild t whom be licenced of Iiriti^ rimtlwwV Hmutl hund of adhermitw now rltj-
tho nuth>r of thi American wwtjjv;* imK^eil , ytilved upon Shelhume, who Htill parHcverod
in the previous Mcusion i#/>, xvul *27A t's^l '' i hit* ttppomtion to Lonl North. In thodo-
UHa. SJK'J). At thi Miimimi of tim WWHM iu ' hat* ou tho luldnwH tin 2(> Nov., ho <ain-
OeUmer '177o he Httpp**riej! ItockinirhumV didty aorUMl that. ' lw ^vould duumuny
ame,ndm*'tii to th^ mMrr>H,und iltu'InriHltiuit ' coH*pernte witli any Hot of wen' to drag; tho
* an uniform lurkiiur Hptnf of l*'wjoti t *m Mmd , miuintom from olliw (//, xijc. IIJOO-M)),
pervaded every udniiuiM nit 'urn with n w*1 to j though in tho followiupf month ho HOleimily
their Amcrttmn jl7(/A, xviii. ?^-<J). fie do<danl that, *h now would MOW with
supported thi* petition of tlw American eon- any miui, be hH abihtaeH ;\vha-t they migm,
groiw (tift. xvift. iWO-7), uul oj)jtowt tho who would mtlwr mamtttin Ui was right or
re^HK (Ifh XvUI. JlidU' / | ?i,nU OpUOWml HUi WHU w*iu* IHM., **w**fcf ..,--.--. -~n A
Unericftn Prohibit e,ry Bill it Iwnug * to th cioximwt to aftkriowlocko tho indopeiKloiicy o
iiHt dt^nh hnhty, ruih, unjunt, and ruiwm' . Amariwi* (tVj. xx. 40]* In ^February 1//9
w* xv'iii* lf)HnS' / liiiffi* I'flJi " I HH) )* Ift riiiiuoutno nuuntii* iu w*ui.
ni n/H*J' 7* HH'Ifi,, l(H)7'"I KK)) In ^H u m* m^ *w***m,n* *.>/ w*....^,, ..- -
177(1 hit Hinl<* in favour of OmiUm'a wado t-hrongh Wtymouth for the puqiose ot
proptwiiln for <>uttUtatMm with Amtirba (A. indumtiR him, Gmfton, and Oamden to lorm a
iviii. 1^70 ). ' government; and, m order to cement the
At tho owmitttf of tlo Hfw5on on SI Oct. rtmlw of the opposition, to promw od, at
IWOjShMlburttHilisnottiwwd th kin^n upcwch Orafton^ wquwt^not to oontoattbj tmfl y
aa 'a piecw f m^tiiphywrml wflnmnmtt,' - with Kookingham m the event of the iuima^
and thu dufenctt t up "for it as nothiwg turn of a whig muustxy.
Petty
122
On 2 Jnno 177J)yiKlbnrm k called attention
to thodwtrnNtsecl wtatnof Ireland, and * desired
the HouHe t>rooolloot that the. American war
had commenced upon less provocation than
this country had given I rehuul '(?/;. xx. tlW i)
075). On 1 Dec, he again c.alhnl attention
to tho allairw of Irelatul t nnd moved u vote
of censure upon the udmnnst ration for their
neglect of that country, but %va defeated
by 8^ votofl to 7 (e?;. xx, HA? <) t I I7H).
lio (supported tho Duke of Uichniond* UH
lion for an economit'ul rt>fortu of the civil
liHt (//;. xx. ll^ilJ 0"), und made a violent at-
tack upon the king' during tho discussion i>f
tho army oxtraordiuarics (if), xx. l*So -SH ;
HCC also Life, in. (J7), On H J\b, IVht) he
moved for tho appointment' of a, commit tee of
both hourtc-H t,o nu|uire, into the public ex-
ptsaditure, but was defeatiul by n tnnjority
of 415 votea (/Wr/, //^/,, xx. liJlH-iJ^/UJO^
i;HJ.i70), On ^ March, ho fought a duel
in Hyde Park with Lieutenant-colonel Wil-
liam lAillarton (<j. v, | f whom he bud ollended
by Komo n'markw in I ho HoiiHe of LoriU (//>,
xxi, til8; won aluopp, i21W (5,,'ili) ^7), Owin^
to t.hti prevalent Biispieiou that. l''ullurtou
WHH an instrument of the ^overnn)tnt, She!-
"burno, who wan nightly wounded in tho
^i-oin, became an object,* of popular favour.
Several towun conferred their fre(Mlom on
lum, and ^ tho counuitttui of tin* common
council of London went to inquire after bin
health. Sholburno waw nnjuHlly accused tf
liaving 1 privately euttouru^ed the excesson of
tho mob during tho Uordon riotn, After'
Kocking-ham'H abortive negotiation with the
kinff in July, tho opposition ugnin became
divuloci, and Shelburno retired into the !
country. Tho only speech which he made
daring tho HUHH'IOU of 1780-1 wan on &"> Jnn,
1781, when hodmiouncjodthe injuti(jo of tho
war with Holland, and confeHHod that ' in re-
spect to tho recovery of North America, ho
had beon a vovy (iuixoto,* Moreover, ho d-
clarod that 'much aa ho vahuid America/
and 'fatal as hor iinal Hoparation would
prove, wheiKwor that ovont might take place,
, * . lie would be much hotter phwwui to soo
America for ever severed from Great Britain
than restored to our poMiuMiion by fore of
arms or conquest J (il>, xxi, 10^3-415), ' Afc
Orafton'a request, Shelburno rttttimod to
London for tho following BCSHIOJL At the
aieetbg of parliament, on 27 Nov. 17^1, he
moved an amendment to the addrena, and
pointed out the impoHHibility of continuing 1
tho struggle with America (^ MI, 644-50).
During the debate on the surrender of Corn-
wallis in February 1782, Shdbunio once
more asserted that he ' never would consent
under any posaible given circumstances to
Petty
acknowledge the independency of America'
(ib, x.vii, 1W N),
When Lord North remaned in tlie fol-
lowing month, Shdhurno declined to form
an adiwniMnition, nnd urged (lu* kiiv t,o
newl for Uoekhu'Juim. The lung ultimately
agreed to accept Roeltingham an the hoiui
of the new ministry , but- be refused to
communicate with htm personully, and em-
ployed SheHmrue n hi* intermediary in tho
nuniHt ration wnw formed on the express uu-
derntunding that the King would consent to
acknowledge tho independence of America,
Shelburne, in spite of hi.-* pro\ IOUM pru~
teM.s ^accepted the post of seerctury of
Ktnto for the bo>mo department (7 i\fnrch
UVJh On* of his tirM otUeijil jictn wns
toeitUMe ii circular iHtor to hr went round to
nil tin* principal towiw .suggesting the im-
tticdiutc enrolment of volunteers for the ua-
tiounl defiMtce, On 17 May he Carried reso-
lutimiM for the repeal of tile declaratory net*
of {{eorgo 1, mid for other eoneesMoius (o
Ireland, without ny wenniiM oppo.sit ion tu tho
UOUH* of Lords (/A. \\iii, lo 8, !,'}).
Shelbunie'tf prupnunlM for pnrliameiitnry
reform,, for u general reform of the receipt
and expenditure of thn public revenue, nnd
for the impcm-hnieMt of Lord North wero
severally rejected by the cabinet Tlw dif-
ferences between Shell write und Fox, wlu>
regarded each other with mutual dmtruHt.
ntul jeulonwy, eulminnted in the negotiations
for pence |*e Kox, (\fAHf,i;,s JAMKH;, But;
though at, didepmct^ with bin coUtm^nien on
(jui'HtionHaf policy ,he retained thec,ontidenco
of the kin^, who fnely couNtilted him oti
liurkeV bill for the reform of the civil list
I Ltfi'l iii, IH-i i<i'J')i ( )n .1 J tily t two days aftiT
Hockin|>'hanj*H dath, Nbellmrue, while HU-JH
porting the He<*(m<l reading of Burked hi 1,
exprcHwetl a hope that he should Ixuible. Ma
Introduce a f{<ni^ral Hyatem of economy not;
only in the otlunm mentioned in the bill, but
into every ollice, whatever \htrl, /I fat* mill
M.I' 4; see alno L(ft\ In, &>8-#7). Tho
popular eilect of thin bill WIIH, however, con-
wiclurably hummed by dio previouB grant of
pennkmn to two of KhelbinWw Htaimclnmt
adhonmia. ^ On Whc.l burned appointment a
iu'Ht lord of tho treunury, Fox, who had ro-
oommnndiul tho kin^ to mnd for tho Dulco
of Portltitwl, nwifjfnod c>Hh:o with other mom-
born of tho Uockhi^hatu party. Hholhunio
fttt-emptt^cl to form an adxuiumtratirm which
should bemibHcrvionf; noither to th king nor
to tho whiga "William Pitt wa appoint tsd
chancellor of tho exchequflr, while r l!homas
1'ownflhend and Lord Clrantham received the
seals of secretaries of state* Of the eleven
Petty
123
Petty
orfl wiu> fonwd HhoUmrno'a onhinot,
wore, Chatlwmito wliifA two Imdboon
i'oHoworM of
identified himholf with uny political }'*>>;
and Thurlow represent od tho King { L[f^ hu
^i)). During tho <lohuto on tho clwngo ot
on 10 July, Sholfmnm took fhn
otluw, Tho, chargo against Sholbumo that
ho hnd availed himself of MR political infor-
hnd not ( tnntion to ^pooutato profitably in tho atoolw
during tht* nogot iat ions for peace, IH entirely
wit hout foundation (I&iin?wr(//i JteoitiWj xxv.
opportunity of Bating liin tirw ndhoronce to
allUi)H(M',ontitutionli<l< | n'*\vhirh^rw'V( 4 n
toon yearn ho had hnhibod from hU nmntor
in politic^ tho Into Marl olMlutthnnu' Ho,
aluo doelarod that Uo hnd itovor ulti'wl Ivin 5
opinion with rcgiml t< tho imb'pondonoo <f|
America, niul * to nothing -short of nooowity j
would ho givo way on that bond* \ParLi
Jtlitit, xxiii, Ul V Uii\. 1 Vlminont nwo !
on tho following <by utul ( Shollmruo WUH
now ablo t( giro ln;v'umUvilnt nUonliou to
tho f)onro no|((Uifilinn.H nt- Wri-** Thunutn
M ior-
with
alutl
to Vor^"otuH'H wnn fuiorrrtlci! hy A
FiUhorborl- {nft'r\\nrtln Hnrnn Si, ll
jq, v| r and Un-hnrl bwnil | tj, v,| W
wnlly oitipn\vor*Mt to cout'Ittlo a pono
tho 'Aworinm <'olmioM, \\ ! ilh iuu'
Shollairno jnnnn^'tl to *trn\v away tho Arno-
riratw frotn thoir allifM, n! in liko man-
ih't to tlotach I ( *rnnoo IVont Spain atul tho
northoru povvorn, Thot^'.h, allfi* intioh vo-
luo.Uuu-o, ho otuii'odotl tho tihwuluto intlrjiou-
(loiio.o of tlio Aiuorioan cotonioH f lio tirmly ro-
HiHtod tho utiwwlor orUihrultar, in npuo of
tho )tin^*rt wiwh to got, ri*l tf it* A provwumal
trtmtyof jtoaoi* botwoon Uroat. Britain niul
tlio IJiuttnl Stuto.H of A morion, wan wignod at
PariH on lit Nov, 17H % Jt, iuul on l^) Jan, 17H3
prolimmary artiolrH of ponro with Franco
an<l Spaiu\\M*ro rottrludotU a tntoo bohig at
tlus Humo, tiino wotilotl with tho Siaton-
<onorL Woukomnl hy lifit*onwon in hw
cahinol,, Shollmriio vainly oiuloavourod to
prociiw tho Htr;j)ort <f North anU Fox, On
'17 Foh, l7HMt f ioc,oatHton of thow^tattwnou
agaiuHt Shollmrno hootuno pal out, Tho aci
clroHH approving 1 of tho poao,o t lliongh carriocl
in tlm lordn hy a majority of thirtowt ? wan
doioatwl in tlJo coinmotirt hy a majority of
aixtotm. Hhdlntrno dofondoci tlui trout ivft in
a powerful Hpoooh, and boldly iWHortinl hi
dwbttlmnn tho opinioii tliou provahml that
tho proKpority of tho country doptmdod ow
oomuwrcial monopoly* 4 I avow/ ho wiid,^
Hhat monopoly i nlwayw isnwiws; but if
thore in any nation tmdor hmvm who ought
to h(i tho Hrnt to rojoct numopoly, it in tho
KntfUHu' (Purl 7/w/. xxiii. 407' 20). On the
morning of i$ Fob, Lord John OavoncUU r
reHolution (scnHurbg tho tornw of ptww waft
carried in tho comnionH by "207 vottm to 100 j
and on the Si4th Shlburne convinced that
the king wan playing a double giumv resigned
,.
I'pon tho Connntion ttf tlio coulilion nnni-
n< ry Sholburno rotirod into tlio country. At
ViftV mjiuwti luuvovor, horcturnod to town
in Muy to nttnrk Lord John ('avondirtU'w
litianoinl xuonwuv.s wlu k n lu^ took tho o|>
ptirt unity of vitulioatiiig his own conduct,
nnl 4 thiinlu*d Uod that ho romuiuod iiulc-
pondont of nil purl.ion* (PttrL Wtf>, xxiii.
WHS 18, Kilt, Hi.T) (>) Shortly uftorwtmlB
Sholhunio wonti nhroad for Homo, nioutlw.
Owinjv t htM groat nnpopulHrity, Sholbunie
\MIS not imhiul ly Pitt U> join tho udunuist ra-
tion in Ih'oomlVr 17K1,' Tho It i tig, moro-
tvofj NVHS dooply inwiiHod tiguinwt. Sholbijmo
(n iiooount of hiH ronignation in tho priwumB
l-'ohrunry nml his ltbw^nc(^ from tho division
mi Kos^ Knst, India hill, ShoIbnrtUH now
oonwnl to tnKo a proniinont. imrt in public
utntirH, tul <litl not again tnlto, oiHc'o, ^ In
hpito nrtln'troatutout which ho had rot-.oivod,
Sholbwno gavo, I'itl ovory uHHiiraiuio of IUH
Hupport, and on (\ Doc, 'l7Hl WUH cnmted
V Lsronnt ( 'tiino and ( *jilHt,on<s Mart Wycombo^
Hiul MnrniUH of hwwdowxio in the pt^u-ago ot*
Urout llntaiu, In July 17H5 ho both apolto
and voto<i in favour of 'tho Irwh comiuorcial
propositionH(/V/r/, Jtittf. xxv. 855-04), itnd
on 1 March 17H7 lu^ mipportod tho tnjaty of
v*... with Kranw in an wKwodingly
ahlo HjKM'ch (ilh xxvi, Gfrl (il). Durhig tho
further diHt'UHHion of tho Krencli t-rcnty ho
ltrau^ involvotl in an nerimomoua dwcuH-
mm with tho Ouko of Richmond (ih, xxvi.
57H ot HO(I,) which put an end to thoir friend-
Hhip, aiul ntwvrly brought! about a duol, tho
gonornl winh among tho whigH "boing that
* <mo ahould bo nhot and tint otlior lunigod
for it ' (L(ft <m# Mtwit of Mr (tittort JSMivt,
flwt ttnrl of Mintti) lH74,i, Ui5'). Tluumdor-
Vtatuling hotwotm l^mndowiui and Pitt was
iiwt <UHt.urll by a dillhronce of omnum
with nigard to Indian ajlairfl, Lanadowne
t*utortn,m(id a afroat admiration for Warren
UoHtittKH. 'Tlio FoxitoB and Vitlilca/ ho
writoHtoBntham 'join in covoring ovory
vilittin, and prwcculing tho only man ot
merit, '(X^ ui. 476). In March 1788 lie
ofltwd a determined opposition to tho J^ast
India declaratory bill (ComwaMu Corr*
qmdtns*, 1KI59, i. 365, 83; **& Xv&
* . . .HIM* 4i.i iii*"",rt A\ T. 1 lAAitwt nkl* 1/fJO
c!bata on the convention with Spam on
, IJJ Dec. 1700, Lttnadowne called tho utten-
Petty
IVtty
tvf
lv*n
'tion of tl''
lo Ln
olwmv
tho no
iii ; *
bin
In
(Im-
tiou of tho house to tin
'aiuMiic systom whioh had
oy tin 1 ! ponoo of 178^1^, x>
iu tho following your ho \ uv
tho, policy i' maintaining 1 th (
tho '] urhirth ompiro against Ht
4B-"fL\ 441-H). In th *
tho kintf nitulo an ov<
who ropllod in
inon and iunnnors t iui<
abruptly tormintitod ( /^
,Muy JUmwdowno oxpims
approval of tho proclamation a^niiwt tfodi
tiouM writing ( / W. //*W, x\i x , 1 ot! t p. nnd
In Dooombor bo warmly oppuwd th<Milioti bill
(ib. xxx. IM), Ui'l 0). Iu 17M bn UUMUVOMM-
iullv protontod against tho vvnr with I'Ynnn*
(ib. Vxx iWO-Jn, 4l*lf -ft), and vainly oppowod
thn Trait oronH OorroMpondonro Hill (tft, \\K
7:18 ','K) t 7JfcJ ()). Uin motion in taxnur of
pwo.o with I'Yanoo wnadofoatoil by Ml voter*
to thirtoon on 17 Mb. I7SU (//>. xx\, HUH
1407, 14^4). In tho namo yoai' ho oppswnl
tlio llnbottnOorpUH WuHponwion Hill (//' \\\i
f>i)S (iOl), and nupportod tho DuKooi' Hod*
fonl'n motion for putting an ond to tho
Fronoh war (//>, xxxi.o'Sii r t OH7). In 17U5
ho opj)OH(l t bo bill for cont inuin^ t Iu* 1 1 aboart
(kirptiH MuHp(*.nnion Aot- (ib, xx\i* h,!S7 U) f :
and tho HodUious Mwstiu^H bill (ih. K\\ii.
rM '9, 5f)lw, />r>-l), Tlio <*8tratitfomont
botwoun LunHilowuo and Pitt Io<I to a gra*
dual weoncilialion botwoon Lansdowno and
Fox, who inltn'mcd Lord Holland in Kt**
bruary 1700 tluit 'wo aro indued now upon
a vory gxxxl footing, and quito wnlUoitMitly f^ 1
to enable us to act cordially tojjothor, if any
occanion ollorw to mnko onr doing' HO usoful'
(lUlWWKLL, Mt'MM'htlti ftnd (?WIW}HWttwWi l , tif
C, J JfiW) 1854, iii. liJO). LatisdowtutH
motion in favour of roJbnn in t,ho public
officer waa dtjf(jat<*d by a majority of mwit-y-
two onii May 1790 ()V/, flift, xxxii. 104 1
In Marcli 1797 Iw indignantly dontod
fr Use
\\\iu.
of hordn on
Herk
and
7)*
h*y
'li'-sal of fhi* inini^tors (ih t
;M, In March 1770, and
a^nin in April IM*O hr ibrLirod bint^clf iu
l'n\nitr f union \\ itb lrbuui (
t?Ml t \\\v, UM tM, \Vh*ntb.
in l- H tU, M'rnu'd Iiht'ly fi noooM,sitnio a ro-
[rionoy, Lorf Mnlnt wf* instrurlod by tbo
\'i'WH. Ai'f f*r novorul t'onvorsntioitHii onbittoti
wurt a^rood ii|uiii with Lan,slowirio nnd b'ox
u M*ot*otai*U'M ofi<tnt<\ Sli*rittn iwohniu'rllor
oft ht t'M'hiMjJictMinil Moirn IIM lirst lord of tho
tivrtMiry ( IJff\ isi- o*>0 t'cH, Thrsn ui'vau^'o-
Uionl's h*w*\oi% \vrr*M|UH'Uv iViuitrnlod by
tlic v't*ox(>rv <f fin* Kiiti' nnd flu* format ton
of flu* Addiiutftn iiitni^tn, On -0 Marob
iSUl IHTtM{t)\\tto inmh 1 n f*nufsl d'*rlralion
ofhi lttr'tl views on t hrijuostiou of n out nil
iri#ht.'i t /*//'/, ///A/, \\\v, 1 1U7 i)), He
for {bo hr.t tinio in Jin* Ib
if'l May IHU'S, and nr ninn* tnym
vonuitrnl to ntlopt it policy uf mi
with n^i'nnl to l'*rnnr^ (if*, \\\vi*
llo dioli id Uwdmvn^ H
1ntrinl a! Uigli \V t \ooinhi* in tin* ftunily vault.
in tho nrf h in. do of tin* ohniMvl nf A 11 Satiitn*
Chuirh* witbonf any inonuniont or inworip-
; tion to IUH nio-niory,
Lutindowno 1 \VM uppointod ittH i ]or"ji('(''tiorMl
'on *rt Miuvh 17<r> (tlutod 10 .h.lv^ l7t>lM
litulf*jianf "ji'onoral on l*(> May 177** and
g'onoinl on IS) l^ob, 17H.H. lit* \van clooti'd
aiul invo,stod a kusgl1- of tho (Jarlor on
1 lu April J7H^\ nnd \vns instnllod bydinpt^wa-
t ion on ii'-* My l^iM (NiooiAM, //w/on/ w/
llo nuirriod, Ilwt, on ?J I'"O!K I7l5, Lady
Hopbia ( "art orot, only dti|,rhtor c^f.lohn, oarl
Urnnvilbs in whtm*ri^rht ho aoqmrod Inrjio
osttUoH, iuoludtiifi; I^anndowno Hill, nom*
IJath, from whioh ho aftorwardn (ook bin
,.,.,. ..... .- _ ._. n ,..., ..,...,. fiUo of mar(|itiH. By bor h had two nonw^
tho charge of JucohiniHm which had fro- vi t : (I)I<hn Honry, woon<l rnarquw of
quently been imput.o.d to him, and doolanul Lauwltnvno^and (^) WilHatn Uranviilo, who
that Ito only ' tWirad tho piwmt nyakun diod on iJHJan. 177K. Sbidburno^ iiwt. wifo
whould be changed for a constitutional HVNtftm' <li*ul on 5 Jan, 177I 1 a^o<l si/i t and waMburiod
(ib. xxxiii, 193-4), On .10 May following ho in tho inntiHolotimin I'lowaod I*urlc, Amonti-
exprossod a hope that an attempt at parlia* mwit wa aroctcKl to^iw memory in tho
montary reform would be mado l wliilo it south amU of All ^ Burnt H* (ihnrch, ll\$li
could be done gradually, and not to diday i<; WveomhtJ. If mamod, ttocon<Uy t on hdy
jioctwHity till it would burst all bounds ' (ik< 1770, J 4idy Louina Fit Tspat rick, wocond dnugh-
xxxiii. ^61-3). During the debates on tlu ter of John, lirt oarl v of Uppor OrtHory, by
address at the opening of tlm swsflion in No- whom ho had an only son, Ilonry, third
vember 1797, Lansdowno, in an eloquent martjius of LanHtlownaTq, v. ), and a dau^h-
apo.ech, inaistod on tho neceKity of making 1 tor, "bom on H Doc, I /Hi, who ( died an in-
peace with France, and urged tno miiuHl'orH fant, UIH aocond wifo died on 8 Aug. 1781),
to adopt a pol icy of conciliation both at home agod 34.
and abroad ($. xxxiii. 87i5~9) In March Larwdowne waa one of tho most unpopular
1798 he supported tho Duke of Bedford's statowmtm of h time, Ho was commonly
Petty us IVtty
rr"^ n 1^ * Muhij'.ntbi.'a nii'ktww 1 ^i\on turn! t'jnp*T. and IUN rxninil jud^mont of tho
i* ' thHirst' tini"'m tho* l*nlii** Atl\rru-. i r t mt ivi"*t*f nthoi'M, Though pusnosHod of^roat
f Hi ^rut lVi'/ f \\'Hiru4-, *?tt ??'?'<', IMI, ' nii'/tiU**'", L{uiwliwno Wiifwanti(tg iti tact, and
*' p 1 \vhilo \n*ii'atitro'. r 4 jn' ^' p n!d lam H ' wifhuts! any .skill in t homaunj^mout of mon,
({nV'^wk..* in tl. ud ..f M.nu,,; n), hi , j liu H/ ,'uul Unl l,;u-hl h m,u,.'h ' hud a
'fido* ll"*nrv l'*'S tl'n'*inr ( d sum in * a MIMTU* twatijtfot a hoanhnuf-st'luiol odncal ton.
'**liiiouM nnd iutuiU'tr liar' f\V\j,rHi: t j If rr'iontbh"* worn a <*,nnninjjf woiunnV thuti
1/ intr* <>/' Mi* AW*--* *-^ ^'"<* '''/** ^ ^ li 'W'l- ' ini ahl< inttnVt tidilroMM 1 (Jnumttt (tntl ("on'^
Uoorp'o III Mpok- >!' lniu H"J Mho jrttttf f j *n-rtilt'jtir ttf l^rtf AttA'Jftnt^ 1H01 l!,L IS)),
It M'kolov Sijtinr*^ < ' 'f.r"n u /' ' * ) '' >;J * V */ lu"^// ! A 1 * n upofiKop lo hud fow Munorinrn in tho
/ f V ' '//'/ '///i /*'/'*/ \<>til:, l v <V,\i, h MlK J IltHJ"*o if lnrd/( ( liord < 1 aiuun i Haid 1o
llo'riro WuliHt^ 'Irrl.u'rti tint *hi. tul'flio^d ! ha\o *iulmiivd Ii dohutin^ 1 pnwtnv ul>ovo
was* HO oim-annt uu*t nf'rtn- that it wurt ' thM' *if uu\' *thtT pom* in hin titms l^ord
ritiiorhi'UH'oio- iw f IMH h - ut>f rimtouL . , l*hut!ww nl<no o\ooptfd ' }< !oor{j( Hnrdin^o
A rativlin*' nnd u H.MV.UV w*iv hi* tu-nloli in - qumod in (*\Mr!UHjAH Urn nf the C/WH-
nt/i* whou half thoir wirlu'fljt.'K-i \\.nihi havo . rr//Mn%\ 1HJM, v, :.;.'); while !Wntham,on Uw
fiintml hi-4 nnrno'jrM hot tor 1 u/w// f/" f/*<* oth'r hand, rwys that * his nuinnrr \vnw very
impoMint^ vory dtfjntliod, nnd ho tnlhotl liirt
VHj^u* 1 jonomlilir. in tho llonwt* of Lords iu
it vory omphatio \vay an if wtuotliing' ffnind
not a t'utalin*' -r a iS.rjrin in tuoml*,' n' ' woro'at tho hotlom, whon,Jn Inoi, thcrn
toSX^ /^t'THjnA,, HHJ. Lorcrilolland,
1 " ' * * ' ,tnt^ ohiimctor ol hatiH
OUHO loudiinr \\\\\x *hiul *iut uidy nd^trtHt, aiwi, yrt ihnl Mn his ,MI.M,, u o r y,.M,.
but nn uinMimmuM.' hnnvd of hw vrry ho wimt.nl m.-tho.l ami pt^nnuiy, nnd wan
immo 1 (Lottn llni4,\NS^ Mi*ntt f r* */ ^Af doHoion! in jtttitno^ of rouson, in jiulg'tnont,
H7//<y /V/r/f/, !.<*,*, i 4""K Tw faniilinr ' nnl in tasto; hut ho had MOWO inu^'tiuition,
fttUHMlotc-i vv'U iHnJtruto flu* ^on<*ral hclicf ( :otno wit, tfroat nnimat ion, and both in war-
in hm iusiuo'ritv. Th** m* in UnhlMmth^ j tniMiii nnd invtTtivinmt ^d/'^P^^y ro ^ l ! >
uufortuimlo thtHi^li wvll -mount romark to j oloquonoo' ( MrminM / Mr If/f/// "'"'W '
Lanndtnvno I>o\im km>w fhnt I i'Vir ! 41). Ih'tinont IIH ho wan in many of tho ro
could <.,mM'ivHli. nm.un why fhoy ni you ^mito miulifi^atimw of a loador, Lumdowno
Mitlu^'rida fur Malm-rithi wiu* a vory yood wnsronllv morout n pohljoal philoHopJioriuau
Bort of miin' (Uxitiiv, Mwir* *>f tkr 'tttrl nHt.ilMman, In manyofhw viownh*^ wawhir
oft'httHrwtuit I-^lt* ii,lV7), Thonthor, tho in jtdvnitoo oi IUH own l,nnoM, no warmly
Htorv of ({aiil^Hinmrh ihK*tf tiWI KY hia HiippdHnl tho oanno of parliamontary and
mmcii aft IT it wronJ iiumwpt h draw a HUrt- oouuuuHoal roform, Ilo WIH m lavour ol
TIOHH of LanHd*nviis amt '\*'laimin^ * I* "" w Ilntniin < g atiiolic tmatu',ipatu>n and complo-t.o
it! I novor conUl * throiiKh \nrniMh, nml roli^otwoqunlity, Ho wiw oiiool thooarlujst
iluToVanontr(^'/^^*'wm/iAi/'/M/r^ /*A>as/, and nuwt xoahniri mlvomton ot troo trado.
IHIH t !J;JS\ Thu Mam* ronroaoh b tu^od Ho htdlod tho Krmieh revolution with on-
ngai.mt; him in tlm * Itolliad 1 i,17fl5, jit, I p, ihiwlaHm, and jmwwUmtly wlvooatjw a !OHO
*>j5\, ttlliam'H botwoon Mng'landatuUn'anco^ no
" -1 ,,..., ttrotoHtod utfrtiuMt thw policy of maintaining
A Nohltt Dnko aijlpttw I hk hn plan ; j^ h|U ^ rl f y of tllo Turkwli *opir, nnd wan
ar if,B ;.:,;J =;;-, *. its= i'iK,?,:^ as
That I who wuw 'u.hnui adviM tb ill. wiuiHUir ho ovor Itoard of who did not tea*
Plain 'woran, tlmwk Uww^i, aw alwajH uudw- tho pooplo' (A. p. 41 w,) 1)isra( ^7^^^
Btuod JUmdnwno < (no of tlin auvpreHsed clmracto.ra
I wwW iwprovo, 1 Haiil but mt It vwM. of BnffliHh hintory/ MI,VK that ha waa i ' the ftrat
groat ttutmttsr who ccnnprfthetulad the nairny
Judgml by tho. Htanditn! of tlw timo, notlifnty ;iu|>ort4n< of tho middle cW (^rW, 184^
that' Lanmlowua did HUlHoionlly awoimu I !;! 87), ^n^sfl-Atit -natron ot
lor hm xtrmno unpopulimty mmm^ Im i Unndowno -was a wwwwfg* K wa*
conUtui^rarii^ Muufi of it WM doubtloiw ' literature and tho fine* ftr t , II J ^we was
due to SIB outHpokn ooutumpt for politul tlw cwitw of the most m ^^ ^J^ 1
partly and hU prfowmc for maHiw to aocioty of tlw. day, Be th ag, IHimont,
men; much aluo to bin aflkknl and ob- *'^H^ ( H" ck ;i ffi
HunpiciouB Jones, Price, Pnerttoy, Mirabeau, Morellut,
Potty
126
Petty
and Romilly wore numboivd among 1 his many
l ,..,.. of Kin political carrs,
alwayH carefully 8uporvuso<l tho admintstni-
tion of IUH laj'^'o, oHt^attvs, flo told Johnson
on ono occasion that *u man of rank who
looks into IHH own aMura may havo all that
)io ou^lit to havo, all t hat can bo of any UNO*
or appear with any advanta^o, for llvo thou-
sand pounds a your ' (UoNWl-JhU Lift* tt/Jo/tM
mm, 1887, tii. 21)5), Ilo omployod (Inpahtlity
Brown in, laying out tho grounds at nowootl,
and addtul a wing to tho. IIOUMO, tho t'hiof
portion of which had boon onvtod hv his
lather. Lanndo\vno, 1 Jouso, on tho nontft sido
of BorkrtluyStiwiro, wan built by tho Hrothors
Adjim bntwooti 17(J* and \7(\t" for tho I'krl
of JlutOj who Hold it boibro couiplolion to
Lansdowno for ihJ,0()0/. AH both thono
niuuHterH woro popularly Hupponod to havo
largely bouotltod trom tho conclusion of a
grout, war, tho hotwo wan said to havo boon
* constructed by OHO poaro, and paid for by
another ' ( W lu x A L L t llwturiwtl M w w>i,
'1815, ii, !JOH). Lanndowno Hold Wyeombo
Abboy to Uobort, first baron (^urviujfton, in
AuffUHt'i 1708, ThoMalo of LanMclowno'H hug 1 * 1 !
library of printed books by Motwn, Loigh &,
Sothoby lasted tlurt-y-onn/dayH, and roailsod
over 0,70()/, lib <soll(,d.ionH of ( 1 ) maps,
charts, and print**, (ii) political and historical
tracts and pamphlets, and (tf) coins anti
mcdalfl, wwo sold by tho samo auetionoorH
in April and May 1800, Ilia yaluabh^ col-
lection of tnaiMHcriptR, which iticludod tho
original wtat(i papers of Lorcl Hurghlny, Urn
commpondonco ol\Sir Julius (Jasar and tho
collection** of Biwhop Whit*! KonutMt ami
Le Neve ?i wore purchased Tor UK* Hritinh
Muaftum in 1807, a prliamontary grant , of
4^2f)l. being voted lor that purpose ( f,Vr/.
Lamd MS8. 1819), Thn colhndiion of pio
tures which ho hail fonnnd at, Ho wood wa
field in. 1809 (BitiTTOjr, AutMoymphyi 1HHO,
;pt, i, p, 356), Of th art oolloctionH tuado
'jy Lansdowno, the g-allury of anc-ient e( atuary
at Lansdowne House, purchasod from Oaviii
Hamilton, alone remains, thou^li that wa
also offered for sale in 1810 (woe Cat. of
Lamdowne Marbkn, $e., 1810).
The * Lett era of Juniua' havo been Bozno**
times attributed to Lanwdowne^ while Britton
suppoBed that Lansdowne and Banning as-
sisted Barr6 in writing them ( The. Authorship
of the Letters of Jkmtm Eluddated^ IB-IB),
The authorHhip is, however, said to liavo hcn^n
denied byLansdowno a week before hi death,
when he told Sir Richard Phillips that h
knew Junius * and all about the writing and
production of those letters * (Life, vol. i, m
viii,ix, ii, 199 n,; u
Jjfuwltnvnr Iffi \\\ innnnsrrint portions
of an nutnlni^niphy, an inooimuVt^ ininiu*-
nuttla of tho vi-nt of J7fSL s , and Kovrral
othT frnr; military piipors, most of which
Imvo JhiM'u pnnt<'d in hin i Life.' An in-
ItM'oMin^ lottr on sj'pnlrhrul dfr,orntions,
ntldnsM*l hy Lnnsdownt" to tho <'(Mninittc^
inpoinfrd for <'rntiin.f n monument to John
Lownrd^ nttnir>ry, is printed in thuMJcn-
tlomauH Mu^iuiuo* for 17^1 (pt, i, in) M,"> -
l\\\\\) t
Tho portrait of LntH*Io\vnt\ by Hir Joshua
KoynnldH.jn thn Nntiouul Portrnit (inllory t
in n Mt mlv for t hr InrpT pirt urn which hidon^'rt
to thn ^farqtuHof LmiMilownt 1 , Amithor por-
trait, of IjanH<fmvn<* hv Koynolds \A tho pro*
pinly of tho I')arl of Slorloy ; thiM haw IXMMI
onjrvttl hy S, VV, HnynohN. Another por-
trnit by thowaiuo pnintor, of Lnnndowni* in
company with Dunning and Harn\ b(*lon{';rt
to Lord Northbrook ; thu hnn boon <n^rnvl
hy William Ward, Thon* Is nlno nn on-
gruvin^ f>f Lurwlmvno by Bartolox7,i a ft or
(imnxlutron^h, A whoh^Iontfth caricutun*
of Lansdowno WUM pnblwhoti by Sayor in
|I!i*,*iuliw l/oni Kdmond KilvsmnuriroV Lifo of
William, Karl of Hliolhtirno, 1.H7/) H, und thu
oihnr workM tjuoftut in thn toxf t tho following
l^ttors, t^H r 7-0 ; tlm Fnlit.^nl Mowomiula of
FninriNilfth Dukoof htn-itn (OmndfiiStuv l*bl.),
1MHI ; Trovt*lyu f Knrlv Hint, of Chnrhw JamH
Fox, IHH1 ; Lord John ^IWHOH'H Lifo and Timo
of ()harl'H Jntmw Fox, I8* f ij> /JO; LordStnnhopo*H
Ltft^ of I'itt, 18t 2; Lont Albomnrl^H Minoir
oft ho Marquis of Hookinj^hum, 1852; Duko of
Bucking) iuu*n Mmuoirn of th (iourtH and
^abinotw of (It'orfjfo II 1 , 18rJI vol.i, ; DiurtOHaiid
(-orroHpoiul<*o of JnmoN Harriw, flrnt lOarl of
MalnicKhtiry, 1844, vol, i, and ii, ; l)ianw atid
0(trroHptin(ton<uv of tho Hiyrht HOIK Ooor^o lios<^
lHf0, i.2.,:J3; John Nirholl^n Uot'olhvtmnH and
KdiUn^UonH, &\ 1H22, i, l,,,(Jl, ;Joi> 10, Hi) j Sir
0, < IJOWIH'N KHHtiyH on tho AdnnniHfratioiiH of
(Jraat Britain* lHIJ4p|*. 1-84 ; Jt-Hwo^ MomoirHof
tho Ivifoand Koigu of (hwr^o JIL 1H($7 ; Ltu'kyV
of Midland, Int. otllt., V(K in. and iv, ;
^Mahon'a fltHt, of Kngluml, 1858, voln. v,
vi. vii. ; Bancroft 1 ^ UlnL of the Unitwl Staftm of
Amorim, 1870, VO!H, iii, iv* v. vi. ; Win*
Hor f H lUnt. of AmuHm, 1HHH ? vol. vii,; ItMin-
hurgh Ktmovr, cxlv. 170-204 ; Quartariy He-
vtow oxxxviii. 378-420 ; Lodgts'a Portniitfi,
viii, 171-77 f Kdwardw'a Momoirn of
^ 18/59, i, 4(18-0, #tM~; Beauties of
Kwlan(l and Waltw, I80U18 i. 364, 505, vol.
xv, pt, L pp, 541-51 ; Whtmthiy'g London Pant
and Prmmt, 1801, i, 163, ii, 366j Webb' Com-
pandium of Jrih Biopfr, 1878, pp. 20 U8 ; Dojle^s
Official B-vrona^, IBfifl, ii, 31B-0; (i R 0/8
Complflto Peemgo, y* 17 ; Foster's Poera^e, 1883,
pp, 41U12; Gent. Mag, 17G6 p, 97, 1771 p,47
lYtty-nt/ninur'u-e 127 Petty-Fitzmaurice
tJ7lw!'tH'p!* i'M, 1 ',*'-' 1 f' ; H,wi;r. iU,k.f
iMomlH-rM of I'arls-iiui'tJf, ft, ii, pp. Hi!*, IV,"., J
vii. M. ">'> l*" n ' l''dttntud Kif/n.m'uvV report !
. \utl br tMWid in II H. ,MSS
,.,
<. K K, Ii
(jiiirt of \ii\\w
Otmun. 3rd Hop, pp. I '.''
2(10, Wh Ut"i>. pp. '*:!, ^
third Mviwr^oK l,\v<im\\\i: ( 17SO lMJ:i) t ;
"<if '"sniiiiu W!\"S fin* *td\ F.on nt tin* wooinid
*in^^ *>t' Willi.'un r<'tt\ t fi'i'onil oarl id\
uiiti th',4 uuinju 1 ' of Uiwdmvno
(, v x n < .
pat rick, ilitiuriH'M* of ,Jolm, *frl >f J'ppr
OHHorv. n*'' wn ' ^ urtt nn ** ^ u lv r/Ho nt
vno Ilou.\ tunl wut *Mlm*u
at.
,
of aprmito tutu\thi H'V. Mr, IMmrr>yiutl
IVoin IUH onrltrjt viMtrn wan tminri with a
view to puMir litr, 1'Votn VMvittmn.Mfrr
School lu wan H<M4t ( ti>)r*thM' with U<rt Awh-
ixirton, tnulM' th' iuMw *;f Mr. H^lmrry,
to KilinlntrwU^ Slu-Uitifu** i 1 * fmid t) ( hnvo
eluwint 1'Miuhun.rh rtih*r tlutu (Kfunl for IUH
(ton's unuli'wir trnuuii^ nwiu^ tu flio mtvi*M
^'Mwrm'/iii, f>io. At HU
il tho looturoHof ProtVuMor .. .. r;
, _;t t with Houry Jhn Triispbs aft IT-
wardn third Visrottut PujmorMtou [q, v, ] f
8ydm^y Smith, and tho politinjl idfjistif Potty
and hi follow Hf udontn won* fitrtwni, to nomo
extant, in StownrtV* chtM-nxtni. Whilo at.
quont attiMidunt, at tlio (loiiattsj in tho HOUHO
of (-ommniirt, und ut Ivlinbu^h ho boonmo it
proininont uioitjbrrnf thoSpoi-ubitivoHooioty,
towhioh ho WUH ndniittod on I7luo. 17'JTjtitid
of which ho wan oloctoci tut honorary nuMnbor
on I Mv 17IH l l 'ntin Kdinbtir^h hojtroctod*'il
to Trinity ('olh^f'S ^'atnbridgo, whore ho ffni"
dnatini M,A, IHlh In 181 1 ho, witH^oronJod
IjLJ), On louvintf tin* uuivfmty in 18(h*
ho Hot out, on tho rone! unit w^ of tho poaco of
AmiotiH, on tin* ^mnd tour, in tho wimpimy^
of M, Ktiwmn Dinutmt, ati intmit.t friend of
Mirabo.au, and tbo, traiiHlntor into Froneh of
Bnnthttm* worlcn, Uotuming to Mngland on
thorc-nowtilof tit** wnr, lo ahnont iniuiodiatiily
tnitorod tbo Houw of <1oiinuouH an mtunbor
for Caltus, at tht^ a^n of twonty-t,wo* 4 Ho
appoarn to havo, ftrnt diw'.todluH attention to
fiuaiusial quonttoiw, and doliv^rod biw maiden
Rptiochiu 1H04 on tho Hank Ktwfcrictiou Act 1 .,
Tho ladir of both jmrtitw mnm marked the,
political promiwu dwplayad by tho young
member, Fox wrote of law, * The little ho
ban dmio in oxcollont; good Honao and
latijriuuro to pm'fVotion' (Fox, Corrwpwi~
///v/ro, iii/J UJ) ; and rittHlmwd hia apprcin-
tion by making liim an oilor of mihordinate
onion in IHtM (SrANHorH, Z?/^ o/" .ZV^, iv.
UKH, ThirtJVtty d(u;liiud, Innnp dotorniinod
to attuoh himsidf tt> l\>x. In April 1805 lie
inadi* a vory ahlo HptMV'.h (llouNKU, 0>rr<-
>"/>*w<^vv\i, JtOO) iii anH\vM'to Pitt/H at'timrpl;
to drtVnd Lord M*dvillo. JIH tanMiHurcr of tlio
nnvy^i and loft; no donhti U,H to t1u\ party to
which 1 10 wan to holonp; tliroufifh lifo. *()n
tho moiMinfjf of parliament in January 18()($
ho was HoWtod to iuov(* an, anundmtint. to
tin* ndilroHf* ; Imt Pitt- WIIH lyinpf on hw do,ath-
lunl, and at- tho last momonti t.Uo O|)po8ition
rofraitiod from t,h(* attaok ((tent* MM/* 180(5,
i* I til). On tho formation, after tho (loath
of Pitt, of tho administration of 'All thu
TalotitM 1 tuidor Lord Uronvillo!, I*oity found
himwolf rhtmoollor of tho, o.xoluMpuvr nt lio
a^o oft wouty-livo. Hf* took ollio<^ m momhj^r
for tho univornit.y of (liunhridtfo, buying" KO-
rnnnl tho Moat (vacatod by tho doatliof Pitt)
aft r a nmtosl wit-h Lord Altborp an<l I'^ord
Pahuo.rHtou, ft wan of thin tdo< % .tion mid of
PittyV nnd PalmorHtou'w rival oandidtituroM
that, * Hyvoix wroto in tho Mlourn of Idle-
now ; '
()n on litH pow^r and place tlopomlM,
Tim othn on tho Lord ICUOWH what,
Knoh to Hown oloipionw prciorKls,
Tlioufjflt mutluu' will convince by that.
Tbtt young chanrollor of t.ho cxchciqner, iind-
iujjf uutt tlm oxip'miioHof tho war made froHh
taxation nlisolutoly muuwaary, boldly ititro-
dwnd on 28 Manl> IHO(>, ami carr'nul after
<onsidt*rnhlo oppwition a now projwrty tax,
raining tlu 1 * tax from mx inul ti hull por ( b oTit.
to ton port*ont M ftndat tho Hamotimo cut I 1 in gf
down nnd ro^ukti tig more Htrict.lytJio r^omp-
tiotm (Dowwhii, Hint, of Ta,rntion } ii. 1 Ki),
Tho bt'Ht Hi^rvico that ho nmdi^rod _ dur ing
h'm bnof form of oilicn wan in brin^iu^ for-
ward Uu> Now AuditorH Bill on 21 May^ 1800,
whim ho forcibly dircotod public, attention to
tlm condition of t.ho Ihtance of tbo country,
Bhowing that tlu^ro wtjro arrears of public
monoy not; aceoutitf^d for amounting to the
Hum of 455,(HKW)00/, t On ^9 Jan. 1807 he
produttwlanovtd and ingiuiions but unsound
Bchwuo for providing for ^the next fourteen
yoaw' war o.xponditurfl, The money was to
bo raiHod by annual loans, to bo charged on
thti war taxes, then oatimatod to produce
2H,000,000/, a yar, and provision was made
for intercftt on th loans, and for a sinking
fund for their redumption, by the appropria-
tion of tho extra war taxes. Portions of the
pledged war taxes, when successively Hbe-
Petty-lMtzmaurice 1=8 Petty- Fitzimurice
rated by the redemption of tho loans through
the action of tho Kinking fund, would, it
was supposed, if tho war continued, beeomo
capable of again being pledged on tho rawing ;
of fresh loans in a revolving Aeries, Tho |
eleven resolutions in which thin plan \VIIH ;
Ibrmulatod wenyiFternevere erit icism^ugrood
to by the house,; but on tho (ire.nvillo ad-
ministration going out of olHec, they woro j
ftubsc.qwwtlyni'galivedon 14 July I SOT. Tho
ministry resigned on S April IS07 T on the ,
1* ing's demand for a pledge from the cabinet
against tho introduction of the catholic
question, and on 8 May IVtly lost his seat, for
the university of ('am bridge ( 15i'iAVi';u t Lift*
of Lord JMinewtoUi i, 2), mainly in conso
qutwce of his (expressed sympathy with tho
catholic claims. lie entered tho new purlin,- (
went, which met on "J*J Juno IS07, us member j
for Camelforcl, and immediately became a i
prominent and active lender of (he opposi-
tion. On 21 Jan- 1808, on the discussion of
tho address, ho strongly supported M r. Whit-
bread in his condemnation of the attach on
Copenhagen, and spoke frequently on all
questions of importance during the session*
in November 180!), on the death of bis half-
brother, who had succeeded bin father nH
second Marquis of Lansdovvno, I 'otty's career
in tho llouHO of Commons terminated at a
moment when his services as a lender wero
specially required (tb, L 111), and tho inilu-
onco which for the rest of hm life ho oxer-
of I rad\ wore dearly ox-
, In a speeeli proposing
the development
pressed, in May 1
the appointment of a committee to consider
tho tin 'HUSO ('extending our ion^n commerce,
when he pronounced hiwsolfin favour ofi'vcrt
trade. A true liberal in his love of tolerance,
he opposed on iUco. I Mil tho second rending
of the bill for the prevent ion of blasphemous
and seditious libels; uuurdon April iSiIt
the! 'nit nrian Marriage Hill ;jiudsuhequcut ly
advocated the removal of the political dis-
abilities of the Jews, Hut catholic emancipa-
tion WHS the political quostioti which more*
than any other eu^ro.'iscd his attention during
this period. When su|portinfi' Lord Donoti^h'-
mnre'H intntdtiction of th( Irish Unman ca-
tholic petition in the House of Lords on
18 June IKlI, In* declared that the grant-
ing of the catholic claims wan in his opinion
necessary to the completion of the union;
he njuiin supported Ltihl Uonou^lunore's
luotiori to call attention to the petition of
the llomau cntliolics praying tor relief, oti
17 May iHlO.nnd in 1H;M he iutrodm'ed two
bills evidently designed to prepare the way
for the consideration of the whole Uomnu
catholic question in t-he next' session; thcs
first of these measures conferred the parlia-
mentary franchise on Hn^lish catholics, th
second declared them eU^ibh* for various
olllces, and remov i d the disability of tin*
Duke of Norfolk from exercising t.ho oilico
of earl inawhal. Though both lulls wore re-
jected, Lansdinvtui r<*eeived the .support of
xrd Liver-
cised over his party was maintained by him t
as Marquis of Laiusdownc, iu tho House, of live cabinet minlstorH,
Lordw, pooL
"For twenty yoara following on tho death In April 18:27 Lanwlowno wan mainly
of Fox tho disorganisation of tluj wlu^ party ( hiHtrumentat in briny;in^ about the coalition
was complo4;o, tho opposit,i(mt times appear- : betwet k u a section (f the wliiffM and the fol-
itig- only to exist in tho drawing-rooms of lowers of Onurung, Two conditions of this
Lansdowno, I)evonsliiro,and Holland bonnes, alliance wtre that tho Roman catholic quew~
During thin period Lord Lansdowno look a tion Khould not be ma<le a cabinet question,
regular and prominent part in the dobatoH (HTAM,BTow r Life of (.!tw inn c/, Hi. .'Ml), and
in the 11 ouso of Lords, llo proved himself ] that parliament n ry* reform niiould be a for-
a warm supporter of the abolition of tho
slave t.rado, moving an addrtws to tho ro^ont
on tho subject on J30 Juno 1814, and on
on tho catholic
bidden Hu'bject. (Dittrj/ of Lord
iii. -IM). "AUhpug'h tht^ bulk of tho
party agreed with
moving the second reading of quest ion, and support id liis later
a bill designed to prevent Mn^lirth subjects policy, LanadowiwH action in. supporting'
from lending 1 capital to anaist in the carrying a coalition occasioned a teni"K)rary nplit iii
on of the trade; again, live yoara lator, ou t,ho party, .Lord Clro.y and ^orcl Althorp,
9 July 1819, he co-operated with Wilbor- and a ccmsidorablo following refuwinff to
force by taking charg-^ in the lorda of an either join or support tho miniatry (WAL-
address to the crown similar to that moved vo&w, Life, of Lord John ItuMtll,\* KJ4) The
at the same date in the commons, He Dulceof Bedford wrote to Lord John 'Russell,
showed warm sympathy with the Bout.h Atnts- 29 April 1 H^7 tliat Lanadowiui had * been the
rican insurgents in their struggle for imle- victim and dupe of tho two greatest rogues,
pendence by opposing on 28 June 1B19 tho politically quaking, in the kingdom* ($, I
foreign Enlistment Bill, a measure designed 1,35), Although his action displeased mem-
t(> prevent British subjects fighting cm behalf beta of h w party, it gave great satisfaction to
of revolted colonies. Lansdowne'$ views on , O'Conndl (CvrrwjwnfanM of 0'Cwnelt> I
Petty- FitztiKiu rice
IZC
Petty- Fitzmaiirice
187). Very shortly after the formation of
this eoalit ton iidministwtion, Lansdmvne en-
tered tho cabinet without olUco; but in July ,
1827 Sturgcs Bourne, probably hy 'itwious f
arrangement, avo plan* to him in Uo home '
department, 'On tho death of running, the j
ne,ws of which Lfinsdowne was deputed to \
announce to tho Kintf nt. Windsor, another
ministerial erisin ensued, hut, was overcome |
by Lansdowne and his friends assisting Lord ,
(iodorteh to form n ministry t Hn'MNuiiAM, '
MCHHH'M <\f thv (hurt of (twiyr ll\ iUUt)}.
Possibly tins was the one oecusion in his life
when lie would not have been unwHlmg to
become prime minister ; eertainly his frieudM
thought- at- the moment that, his pretensions
wore not- sullieientlv asserted. Lord John
Russell expressed the opinion, 1<> Aiitf, JS:!7,
that, * whilst, honest, us Uie purest, ( virgin,
Lansdowne was too yielding, too mild, and
most unlit todenl with men in important poli-
tical transact ions' ( IJfrnf Lt*rttJ**hii AV.w//,
\, UJ7), Tho appointment, of IlomoM an
chancellor of tho exchequer caused him to
threaten, if not actually to lender, his re-^
signatitm (Thnw, M Si'pL IH;7; Mwunir f
JlrmM, i -18), and he appears to have re-
mained in olliee only at the express wish of
the king ( Moouu, jAwo?Vx v, IDS), Hut the
niw administration hroke up on H Jun, IS'JH,
when tin* whig'H retired from tlie onhinet.
Tins split in the whitf party thun came to an
end,
'When Sir 1\ HurdtMt'H nwilution on the
"Roman catholic tpteHtion was^ passed in tin*
commons, Lanndowne, now freed from the
constraint of otUco, hroutfht the resolution
hoforo the Uouseof Lords (U July IHliK), hut
\vaa <h^fea,t(Ml hy a majority of forty-four, In
IHiilMio Ke,V(n*ely rensun'd the g-ovenunent
for th<nr policy in Portugal in supporting
Dom Mignehand, IHMareh IK'UJ^hoHtnm^Iy
supported the Ihiko of USehmoiHl's moUon
for an inquiry into the internal state of the
country. He was appointed lord lieutenant
of Wiltshire US Nov. IHiiO,
On the formation of tho whitf administ ra-
tion, ai, Nov. IHiJO, Lord (tiw is said to^
have propowcd I^ansdowna aw Ih'Ht lord of
thetreanury ((}HHVUJ,W, ill ii-U ), and Huh-
aequtmily (iHorod him the foreign oflU'O (L(ffl
of Lord Mm Rum>ll, I. 120); ho preferred
the office of president of the council (Diary
of Lord ftltmlwrouyhi ii, K)^), II w wa coin-
plot ly at one with the rest of the ministry
on the question of reform, and resigned, with
the other imnnborA of the cabine-t, on the- kinpr
refusiBg to empower tlio primo m'mistor to
ert^ate a Hiiflicient number of peors to ,seuro
a majority. On tho royal ansont b(ung givtin
to the Ut^form Bill by commission, Larwcluwne
VOL. XLV.
was one of the five commissioners. Ilorc-
tiiined his placi* as president, of the council
after Lord (i ivy's resi^natirm in 18JU and the
appoint tmnt of Lord Melbourne, as prime
minister (ef. Lord John U.ussell to .Lans-
downo, 15 I<VI>. lSir>, LtrntuJtHnu' /Vr/^'/'-s 1 ). In
Melbourne's second administration of 18J{f)ho
tvsnme<l his old olliee, His inlovest. in the
(i nest ion of nation a led neat Ion made the presi-
dency of tlu* c.onnc'd an espi^eially congenial
otliee, Kt'oin theda.te ofthti (irst. ^rantin 1HJJ1
In* was an advoeati* of state assistance, for tho
purposes of education, providiul that the- be-
stowal of grants was accompanied by tho
ri^'ht. of inspection. On o July IS.'U) he made,
in answer to tin* are.hhishop of Canterbury,
perhaps t he most important speech which had
up to that, time heen delivered in parliament
on the subject, He point rd out that, in the
matter of education, Midland was hehind
tlu^ chief nations in I 1 3un|)o; ho reminded
the house t hi t at. that, moment 1 . 80,000
children in four of t hi* jjfroat manufacturing 1
towns of t he north wen* ^rowin^ 1 up in hope-
less ignorance, * In them/ he said, * yon may
,see t lie rising* ( 'hartistsof lluuiext, a^'o,' This
speeiih was published, and wan widely read.
Lansdowne resigned with Lord Melbonrn<^
^ov(M"nmrnt on .'JO Au^, 184 L .Ho had boon
made K.U. on 5 Kob, IH.'JO.
Although La.nsdowm*. luid de-clariMl him-
self a fne-tnuler in 181*0, he was not at first;
in favour of the absolute repeal of the corn
laws, and did not support .Lord Brougham's
motion on tho snhjeet, 1/ohruavy IHiJO. JIo
declared himHclf a frie.nd of free trade, and
ofchmijji'O; in tho onrn laws, i-M Ang'. 1841,
but app*ni'K to havo boon a heliover in the
advantage of a iixod duty, and he abandoned
that view ("J(> Jan, IHt(i) 'only alter the public
dudarat.ion of Sir Robert j'ool. .Ho spoke
in support, of the Horond reading of PtseFs
(orn bill, pointing out the failure of protect
tivo legislation in past history.
In Lord John Russell's minifltry of July
IHtt^, Lnnsdowuo a^ain became president
of the e.ouncil ('(Jiti-JVipnH, iL ;105)^ He
brought forward the, subject of Irish distress
in the lords, 33 Jan- 1847, and when ho in-
troduced tho roliof bill for doHtituto Irish,
If) Fob. 1847, ox])rened his opinion that the
tendency of h^islation should be to diminialx
the number of small tonantw, lie intro-
ductul, 17 Feb. 1848, a bill for legalising the
carrying- on of diplomatic relations witli the
court of Horoo, a measure which mot with
considerable opposition, ami gave him a good
opportunity of exhibiting his tact and skill
in managing tho lords. In May 1848 he
ad od with -Lord John Unwell in putl ing
pressure on Taliueraton, and iu insisting on
Pctty-Fitzmnuricc 1
the submission of all foreign otlice despatches
to the prune minister (QuEvn.LK, ihid ser, ,
iii. 174). On 25 May IH48 he introduced
the bill for tho removal of Jewish disabilities, I
On 7 May 18-10 ho moved in tho lords the
repeal of the navigation laws, and prophesied
an immediate extension of British commerce
as the result,
In 1850 ho led tho opposition in tho
cabinet to Lord John Russell's proposals tor
a now reform bill (//{/<' f i/' Lord John A'/AW//,
ii, 100), and wan successful in forcing its
withdrawal ; his opinions on tho matter ho
confided to (Jreville, when tho hit lor in-
formed him that his presence in tho cabinet
was regarded by many as u ^uarantoe that
310 strong' measure would ho taken, * Thoy
may rely with entire confidence on tno, lor
you may bo. sum that if any strong measure
was to bo contemplated by tho cabinet, 1
should immediate! v walk out of it'((i RKVIJ.LK,
2nd ser, iii, 41-1 ). lit 1 ! was not in favour of tho
prolongation of tho ollioial existence of Lord
John Russell's disunited ministry, and on
their resignation showed his fooling ( lilJ Keb,
185:2) in tho HOUHO of Lords by declaring
that tho retention of ollleo by a, ^'overnment
which does not obtain the amount of support
necessary to enable it to conduct with oiU-
eiency tho queen's affairs becomes produc,-
tive of evil to the country. On tho same
occasion he took a formal 'leave., in dignified
language, of tho house. Hut though some-
what infirm through attaclcH of g'out, ho was
nob yet destined to retire from public life,
On the death of tho Duke of Wellington
ho spoke eloquently on the loss sustained
by tho nation (11/Nov, 185^). Tho name
duty had fallen to his lot. on the death of
'
On the resignation of Lord Derby in Do-
comber 1852, the, queen sent for Laiwdowuc.
and the Karl of Aberdeen, Lanadowne was
at tho time Crippled with pint, and declined
the responsibility of forming 1 a government,
He arrived, however, at. an understanding
%vith Lord Aberdeen, and entered his cabinet
without ollleo ( A I. ART I N, , 7/f/J* of t/w Prince
Consort, II 48^), A^ain, on tlie reHignation
of Lord Aberdeen, 1 Feb. 1855, the queen
Bought the assistance of Lanwlowue, and at
his advice sent iirst for Lord Derby, *hon for
Lord John Uusaell, and finally for 'Lord ,Pal-
merston, whosts cabinet Lausclowne entered
without ollice $-2 Fb. 1855, He declined
the offer of a dukedom in Septomber 1857,
The following lines appeared in ' Punch ' on
the occasion :
Lord Lansdowne won't be Dulcc of Kerry,
Lord Ltinsdowne i a WIKO man very,
Punch drinka his health in port and wherry,
50 Fetty-Fit/mnuricc
Despite increa.siu^ inlirmily, ho maintained
a regular attendance in tho House of Lords
uut.il -1 March ISU1, when he made his last,
recorded speech, During the last, year of his
life ho spent must, of his time at Bowood,
where he died, from thoofleetsof a full,. 'U Jan,
18(5H, Hi* was buried in tho mausoleum at
Bowood.
Through life Lansdowne was, us Lord
Campbell dcsorihod him, 'a \ory moderate
i!()r>), Though ii prominent header of tho
whit'; party fur over fifty years, he never ac-
quired the character of u party man. * The
very happy temper 1 and 'strong natural
"judgment * which Lord Sholburnc remarked
in his character in early life never failed
him, and doubtless produced that love of
moderation which dominated his political
character* A member of three different
coalition administrations, he, appears to
have boon happily doM^noii for making such
'construct ions possible, Although not au
ohstimito minister in council, but, in Lord
Campbell's words, * one who sincerity trios
to pawn measures which he does not entirely
i relish ' (7/y>, ii. *J08), his political views worn
clear and definite ; be proved himself u con-
sistent and ;iowerful advocate of the removal
of political usabilities occasioned by religious
opinions. Though no ardent parliamentary
reformer, IK* saw tho necessity of tho Reform
Bill of 18H^ t ?uul KUVO it, strong support, Ho
had proclaimed himself in favour of iVen trade
twenty yearn before his pnrfy recognised its
possibility, hi Irish affairs ho was no sympa-
thiser with tho aspirations of O'Conucll, but
was inclined to tempera very firm support of
tho existing government with generosity, In
his view of foreign policy he was inlluo.nced
by the spirit of ('Unning, but was invariably
governed by u neusoof patriotism which, early
in his career, prevented him sharing tho
romantic. French sympathies entertained by
his cousin, Lord Holland, and made him a
determined supporter of tho, Napoleonic war.
At tho end of his public life ho took up a
similar attitude in the very different eireum-
BtaucoH of the Crimean stru^g'lo, His groat
experience in affairs and tlw length of his
; public service made, him supreme in questions
of political precedent and etiquette (t'h, ii,
iK)8), and pfavu him for a time un uiflucnco
possessed in like decree by no other Htutos-
man. On thin account he wan chosen, on tho
Duke of \Vell i niton's death, to fill the bitter's
placo as informal advisor on political and
constitutional questions to tho crown, Ho
understood well tho sentiment of tho Houso
of Ix)rdn, and was a Bkilful and succciRftful
loader of that aumbly. lie lacked ambition,
i\:lty-lMtxm;iuricc i<
as ho confessed to Moore- (MooUK, Mt>m<nw,
v,^t4). And Lord John Russell, writing to
him in lH*Jl) t lamented that the pun* gold of
his integrity was not.* mixed with a little
more alloy of ambit inn aud ,self*lovo, for then
you might be Mtautped with the kind's head,
and pass current through the- country* (Life
Tim wide- aocial intluruen which Lnns-
downo exercised proved of no sinull service to
IUH party, Kudor him the reputation which
Bowoodand Lnnsdowno honst* had secured in
the lifetime of Lord Sludburuo as nioeling-
*)koeK not only tor politicians but for men of
"otters and ol*mewe t WUH fully maintained,
In tho patronage of art and literature halts-
dowue e\ p ereisid considerable discretion, and
ro-oHtablwhod tho nuigniliront Ulirary atul
collect ionn of pictures atul marbles which
had boon made by bis father, aud dissipated
during a short period of possession by his half-
brother, Most- delicate in hi, -4 act M of genero-
sity, ho freed the poet Moore from his financial
troubles ( Ht'KSMUi, /fife <*;/' .1/"MV, H* Jt 1 1 , in.
liJJl, vii. 1)7); he assisted Sydney Smith to
longwaitod*for preferment (Ui'ju, Life vf
fy/t/uei/ MwY/f, p. :!<><l) t and he secured a
Icnighthood for hycll (Life of AVr CJntrtex
X//^//, ii. 1 M ).
"Lansrlownt^ uiarr'unl, .50 Muivh 1HOH, Ludy
Louisa Minima l^ox-Stra noways, fifth i la ligh-
ter of I leury Tliomas, second carl of 1 Iclu wt m%
bywlunn he had two HOUK; tho second HUC-
((UMled him an Marquis of LanndowiH^ and is
noticed separately,
Numerous porl.raitrt tf him are in oxis*
tftn;e; HC'Veral art* in the possession of tho
present Mar(;ui,H of Laiwdowuo at, IJowood ;
om\ paint(H\ by Lawrence, hangrt in tho
National Portrait- Ualiery, His bust stands
in WttWtminHtiH* Almoy, with an inscription
jointly composed by 'Doan Stanbsy and his
g'randson, Lord Kdmond l^itzmaurice; and
thc.re. is a stal ue at Hovvood proneutco 1 to hitu
in 1853 by public subscription, in recogni-
tion of lus public sw vices*
Pettyt
1'arl. UoporlB, and Annual Jttf?i-
tw, 1805-60; Timas, 1 Fob. 18M ; Saturday
Koviow, 4 Feb. 18(W; Wljx)lo* Lif of Lord
John Ruell; Ti)rrn' Ufa of Lord Mel-
bourne; Bulwor'n Life of Lord Palmorwton ;
Horntir'fl M<uuoiw; Moored Menioirn ; Lord
Kdniond 'KiUtnauricoV Life of Kurl Shollmrna ;
Oroville's Journals; Lord Colchonftor'n Diary;
Stapleton's Political Lifts of Canning; Lortl
fttanhope^ Life of Htfc ; Lord Dudloy' Letters ;
Lif^ of Lord Grey; Buf.kingham* OourtH and
CahinotB of the Bogoncy ; Memoir of HorrieHj and
information kindly given hy the Marquis of
Lausdowno and Lord Edmoud Kit^mauricc.]
W. 0-tt.
IIKNUY
THOMAS, fourth MAiuanw OK LANSDOWNW
foreign allairs^vas the second and onlysur-
\ ivin^son of Henry IVUy-KitHmanrico,* third
inurquis of Lansd)wne[(|,v."),by his marriage
with Lady Louisa Minimi rox~-tSt railways,
fifth daughter of Henry Thomas, second earl
of Holiest er. He was i>orn on ~> Jan. 181 (5 at
Latistlowue House, London, and was edu-
cated at West minster School and Trinity
College, (lambridgp, He sat in the House
of Commons for Halm^ from 18 17 to 5 July
lS"i(5, and was a junior lord of the treasury
in Lord John Uu^sc-H's administration from
December 1^17 to August lSl<), Iu July
Lsr>(J he was summoned to the HOUHO of
Lords in his fa I her 's barony ofWye.omhe, and
bei^amie utuler-seeretavy of state, for foreign,
iilVtui'H under Lord l*ahnerHton from 'IH5(J to
LS5S, In ISoi) he was <lee,tod cJiairman of
t he ( Jreat Westeni Uuilway (Company, whi(^h
position he resigned whorily al'ler tho de.ath
of his father on <U Jan. 1S(M. Jle was madti
Jvnighi of th( k ( Jart( k r in 1H(M, Ho reciuved
an oiler of oiUeo from Lord Dwby the. dny
before his death, which took pliuie. Hiuldeuly
on 5 July IH(H5; he was seized \vitli ))aralysis
at White's Club, and diod within a few hours
afterwards at Lausdowne H'onwo, ,H was
buried in tho mausoleum atliawood,
Lansdowms unlike IUH fatiwr, took small
interest in polities; he pos.HOSHOcl, however, an
admintblo capa(u(,y for administrative, work,
which well lilted liiiu for the pout of chairman
of the (treat "Western Railway Company,
He married, lirat, on 18 Aug. 1840, lady
Georgiana Ht^rbort, daughtiu 1 of (^>rgo
Augustus, (doventh oarl of Pemhroko ; and,
secondly, l^mily latKJ Me.m^r l^lphinstouo
do Flahault, barouesH Kairnt^ in her own
right, eldest daughter of the- Comto d(^ VI a-
hault and tho UaroueftH Nairnn and Keith,
hy whom ho had two flona. Tho older KUC-
otHwhul him as fifth Marquis of LanHdowno,
and has flrv(!<l thn ofliciw of g-ovornor-giuiorul
of Canada, viceroy of India, and secretary of
uttite for war, Lord Kdmond Itomaurico is
the Hocond son,
fBtirko'B Pitorapfo; AM, Reg. 1866; Gent
Mag, 1800; Timon, 13 July 1806,] W. C-.
PETTYT, THOMAS (1^1 P-l 558 ?),
mi lit ary tmgineor, born about 1 # 1 0, known as
the 'Surveyor of Calais,' was employed at
Calais duriiiff the reig-n of Henry "\ III. In
1547 ho went to Scotland to report on the
condition of gome of the castles and fortified
places. lie waa then aent to strengthen the
defences of Berwick.
In April 1548 Pettyt accompanied Lord
Pctyt
(<rey, as his chief engineer, when bo marched
with a strong force to Edinburgh, and thence
to Haddington. Pottyt bad barely lime, lo
place the fortifications of Iladdhiglon in a,
proper state of 'defence when a combined
force of French and Scots fourteen thousand
strong attacked the place. The siege wan
obstinate and protracted, Pettyt bad no
pioneers nor any ski HIM! labour, and was
compound to trust: out irely to the troops coin-
posing the garrison for the repair of tin* old
and the execution of the necessary new works
of defence, II is arrangements, however,
'wore successful, Although the ramparts
"were much injured, the assailants never ven-
tured Lost orui; anil at length nrclieviu'jnmny,
under Lord Shrewsbury, forced tin* allies to
retire, and raised the siege. Hut- PettyL who
in his Heal bad too much exposed himself,
was taken prisoner, and bis services were; so
highly valued that Lord Orey exchanged for
him tin* brother of the Lady Bucelench,
In 1510 Petty I 1 - was employed with Sir R.
Cotton m the, north of England, tinder the
orders of the Marl of Rutland. In If >">!> ho
was back at. (Calais, and remained there for
the next lour years, .superintending t-bei im-
portant defences of Calais and Uuisnes. It.
is believed that, ho was killed at the hitter
place when it wan besieged and captured by
the. French in 1558,
The following 1 plans and drawings by
Puttyt are, in the Ili-itish Museum: 'Platt
of t'lui Low* 1 , Country at Calais, made in
87 Henry VIII 1 (151515); 'Map roughly
drawn of tin 1 * Country of Uuyncs and llolo-
nois;' 'Map of Ku^lds near (Juisne-a; 1 ( Map
of Town and Castle, of (luisnen,'
[C'al. Sbito P.ipors; Life of Lord (Iroy of Wil-
ton (Oamd, Soc.), 1847; Porlm-'s Hist. >f the
(*orps of Koya-l ICti^int'ors; Literary Memoirs of
Edward VI (H,oxhi'gb (Hub), ii, 3()8; (..hronielu
of Calais (Oamd. Hoc,), p. xxix,] ii, II. V,
FETYT, WTLIJAM (KJ.% 1 - 1707'),
archivist and antiquary, waa born in 1(5H(J,
in the, township of lladewood and Sloriths,
in the parish of Sldpton in Oravcn, York-
whiro (WiUTAKKK, Ittxt, <\f (!mren % *id.
Morant, p. 4IMJ). His brothe.r Stylvoate.r was
principal of Barnard's Inn in 1715, and died
in 171,0 ; and two portraits of him are, men-
tioned by Bromley , one in Barnard's Inn
and the other in the Xnno.r Temple, library;
the, latter is now m the National Portrait
Gallery (of. NICHOIB, Lit. AwM. ii. l!ii2).
William studied common law in the Middle
Temple,, and was called to the bar on '12 Feb.
1670 ' for his service done in asserting and
defending tlio riglits and privileges of this
society/ He was autumn ixador in 1 CD-l-
jj IVlyt
and treasurer in 1701, For many yearn ho
was keeper of the records in the Tower of
London. In (his capacity ho became, ac-
quainted with most of the historians of his
| time, and he was always eager to render them
j assistance itt their researches and to place
; bis manuscript collections at their disposal,
AH bis epitaph states; 'Municipalia pntr'uu
jura, historian), antujuitMtes, monuinenta,
| nctuque parliament aria, optirne eullehat ; an-
I t iqme const ft utionis leguuuie libertatnm An-
gli;r st rennissimus asset-tor erat,' A list of
the records in t lit* Tower, drawn up by him, is
; printed in the M \itnlogus Mannseriplonuu
Auglite 1 (ii, lS.'l). Pctyl also made a enlletv
tron of parliamentary tracts, in above eighty
volumes, relating to the interregnum, These
were of great service to the compilers of
I the ^Parliamentary >r Constitutional Uin-
tory of Fmghiml,' "2nd edit./JI vols,, London,
17Ui! '\ Svo, lie resided at. Chelsea, whew
he built a vest ry, an<l also a, school, with apart-
ments lor tin* teacher ( Fufi.KNi-JK, ///x/. of
<!/n>t<M, I IliT, I'oo, ii. O'j, lit). He died,
nt Chelsea, on It Oct. 1707 (BoYUK, Antiftltf
<j/* (jttwn Antic, vi, 'W:!), and was buriinl in
the west part of the Temple Church, whero
a. monumenf was erected to hi.s ttumiory,
wit ha long Latin inscription which illus
t rates his biography. His portrait has been,
engraved by R. White,
His published works are; L * Miscel-
lanea Parliament aria ; containing Presidents;
(1) 01" Freedom from Arrentn; ("2) Of Omv-
HureH. . , , \\*ith nu A]pendi\", containing
Ke.v<rnl Instances wherein the K'mgH of Eng-
land have consulted and advised with their
Parliaments: (1) hi Marriages ; (i r ) Peace*
and War; (H) Leagues; and other Weighty
Affairs of the Kingdom/ London, KMO, Hvo.
l)edicat(d to William Williams, npcaker of
the House of Commons, ii, * The, An-
tient K-iglit of the CommoiiH of JOn^laiul
Asserted; or a Discourse, proving by Re-
cords, and the best. Historians, that the
Commons of England wern ever an Essen-
tial Part of Parliament,' Dedicated to
Arthur, earl of Essex, London, HJH(), 8vo.
Replies to this work we.ro published by
William Atwood in * Jus Auglorum nl> an-
tiquo,' KJH1 ; by Dr, Robert Brady in * A,
Full and Clear Answer* (anon,), 1081, and
in f An Intrnduction to the Old English
History,' 10H4; and by W. E, in ' Flovi-
lopfus ; or a Commentary upon somo Modern
HookH/ 1705 (of. IJOCKK, Work*, 1812, Hi.
ii7fi). .'J. ' Britannia Lnnguens, or a Dis-
coui'Htt of Trade; shewing the Grounds and
Reasons of the Increase and Decay of Land-
Reiit'fl, National Wealth and Strength, With
I Application to the late and present State
1'etyl
nudt'onditioii of Kiurlnnd, France, mid the
l-niled Province,'/ (anmU, London, lii^O
nn a ji;s!>, Svo. The prrfnee in Mpicd
I'hihvnulns/ Mct'ulhu'h jvnuirkn: * HUH
work hears 5n \aritus iv-pecl* a t.trontf iv- ;
srmbhimv to that <f U'^'jer Cokr, but. IM
tdmrttM', ami \\ritten in a less itfiected
manner The ivusnmMf.s nnd .Htnteiueuts
bv which the author ondenvours to hhow
how the result ?s which he deplores, hud
been brought, about, ami how liiey tni;ht
best be obviated, exhibit n curious mixttire
of truth mid error* intelligence and pre-
judice* (t,itrrttfuw <>/ /W*V/m/ A'cw//%
p, 41). -I, *.Ius I'nrlinwiMHunum ; or the
Auucietit Power, JuriMlicliou, Rights, and
Libert ten of the Most Hi^h < 'ourt of Par-
liament, Revived and Averted, 1 :' pin. Lon*
don, 17151), fol n posthumourt publicatiow,
dedicated by the editor to Charles Seymour,
duke of Somerset, t t
IVtyt*M nuuuiacrSptM were lelt in truHt
to friends, with an injunction thnt^ the col-
lection should hi* preserved in its k't.e^rh y f
ami deposited in a library, for the building
of which he bequeathed 1 oU/, Ultimately,
however, the mannwnptM found their way
to the library of the Inner Temple, where
they Ht'ill remain (Nos, ol^ W. t They
conViHt of twcnty-i,\ vohune.s in folio (din-
tinn'uishcd by the tetters of tho alphabet,
up to MIS), und relate to the ^overmuont of
England from the time of the Britons, Urn
authority of parliament- (including PetytVi
printed 'tracts in his controversy with Dr.
llwdy), Scotland, Ireland, rt%ml t WwU, &c,.
Thasti volumes are frequently ndnrre^Ho b % y
.Dtiines Barrington in the third (dit,ion wf
cited by Strype and otlu^rs, They ct)ntin
many transcripts of documents froin re-
cords in tho Tower, as well as from printed
books, Volume K coiwiHtH of ^\ JSupplu-
3nent to lh\ Brady's Introduction, to th(^
old English History, by the Author of
"Jani Anglonuu Fncics' nova"' [William
Atwood|. Volume I): SSneculum Scotiic,
or a short View of tho Atitwut and Modern
(lovcrnmont of Hcotland, t-og^thor with a
brief Account of that of England, by Way
of Parallel,' with an appendix of documcmts.
Volume W; MliHtorica collectanea do
regno Scotiiti ex ehartin anticiuiB.simis, cocli-
cibiw manuHcriptis, chronbiH t-ypiw exaratis,
rotuliB Bc,hodi8(|n porvatustis, itMircluvia
Turritt Lond. aliiBt^te monumcntis nwmi-
branactHS alibi conntu'vatiB ; cum appondice
in qua varia ijistrumonta conjiciuntur, notis
illuatrata,' AA, Royal chartcra, writs re-
lating to ecchwiaHt.ical matttu'B, (iloction ot
bishops, &c,, in t-he time of tho Norman
;^ Pcvcrcll
kiii'^M, BP>, ("ollections relating to the
reigns of John and Henry 1H. Of the
c.ontents of nearly all these volumes thc.ro
are full lists in an old manuscript cata-
logue preserved with Petyt's books, Still,
no proper calendar of them has hitherto
been compiled, and their character in little
Known; while of the materials for tho his-
tory of the Roman recusant H in tho latter
part of the sixteenth century, which aro
idike abundant and interesting, largely
dealing with tin* eonllict between tho KCCU-
lar clergy and the Jesuits, no public nw ap-
pears over to have' been niado. A portion
of the contents of two of tho ecclcsuiHticnl
volumes was calendared as a specimen of
the collection by Mr. Henry Thomas Hiloy,
in the second report of tho* Historical Manu-
additknml notes, wit. i souio corrections,
arc, incliuhul iu t.ho olovcuth rt^port (18BB,
pi. vii, lJ-7),
[ Masttu's of tho Btnirh, p, 54 ; Nichols's Lit.
AIHHM!, ii. Kil); Unu!gm\H Uioav. Hist of Knfthuul,
fith edit,v,27't; IUM<lgoniJLu'H Logal Bitiliogiuphy;
' LowiubwH Bilil, ,Unt,. (Uolm), p. 1840; WuU's
i Bibt, Brit,] T. C.
>: 1>E VEEELL, r r 1 1 ( >M; A S (<l \ -1 1 0), bishop
' miceeswively ol'Ossory, ljlan(biir,and Worces-
tei\ wasamemberof lh Snllbllf branch of the
Peverell family. He was odiittatml ut ( )xford,
ami became a (1arm<4ito friar, In 1W7 he
was elected bishop of Onsory in Ireland, but
wan translated to Uandatr on 10 Nov. U*S)8
(I A'} NMVH, MtutiJMMM A^/lifWi^iyMB-,
UVMMU, Mvdem, orig, ed, viii. <&, callfl hna
bishop of Le.ighliti), On ii Oct. 131)0 ho
consent il, with othor magnates, to comtnifc
Hic.hard LL to wain and sc,crtU, cimtody (ttot
l\trl iii. 'l^J^, 4iJ7). On ^7 Juno 140(5 he
Healed tho exemplification of \'\w act settling
tho crown on tho hoiw male of tho body of
Henry TV (to. iii. r>7). His Hiipport was
rewarded next year by hifl trannlation to the
Htu of Worcester on i July 1407 (Lw N'MVH,
Iii 00) Tlu^ni he NOMUH to havo been active
airlunHt tho lollarda, In 1409 ho examined
John Badby f q, v."|, and, after convicting him
of h(w.Hvm"hirt opinionB concerning tran-
HubHtantiiation, sent him to Thomas Arundel
[a v; , the arclibinbop of Canterbury. Ho lent
coiiHiclwablo sums of money to Henry IV
and Jlonry V, On 527 July 1412 Henry IV
repaid him a loan of 400J. (ItoiBtt, ludera,
orlff, d. viii. 767), and^ in 1415 be lent
Honry V mi. ((attracts irom the Jam JJoW
of the Rvcheqwr, Henry III to Henry YJ,
ed. Devon, pp. 402-3). He died on 1 March
1419. He was buried in the church ot the
Carmelites at Oxford, probably that of the
lY.voivlI *;>i IVvlon
house established ttonr flu* north j^nfe*, out- for ln i > bind-, to flu- t*:n>ii in 1 l'0 atul Htm
Mile tho city wall, by Kdwnrd t (Mr IM*;- 1171 -<v /\/./- A'--*?*, PipoK'dl Sue, } IVverdl
luu;, MttHttttit'HMi u, IO'M ; Ir. Xr.u\ utJifh, |it'"kvih e-mtvab-d himself in ,^mte i
A<vordnt|( to Bnlehenn^iuloetorof tlhiosU f'-rv, Ho r* not hfJti'd of n^'niti*
nnd tho author of ^evernl theological vorliM, , ( AntboriM*^ tnfrt ; I'Un^bt'^ Kamitv f lV\v*.
nono of which are Known to he *\tnnf, " tvll .f NoJhiKbnw in .Umut ontntr'h Arrhno*
(AnthoriticN oitod iu lost; War/** ih'.f. of J .".>'al A 1 '-."* t.iNntj, \ n i!*S; IV' rm:iu'* N<nmui
tho HiMhops and HIM. iind Antiquities of Iiv- <** njui-J unl \VjUi.ini Kttfits {M''<itu ; (htuda!*^
land, nl 1704, l)i<MM'n<* f Dublin, p, ;t'2; <od> I5nr<>tu',^ ^ K;j;<luf!<! t i, M*, | \V. K.' H,
win, IV IVji'sutihus Amelia 1 , td, IVIU, ii, tf?, im-*i*^ n tr t *\* * * ^ i *
im; lo's llluM. Mnjnfi.; (Irinuinu* ^rt|.? %1 1 l :; u> ; >>u,IJAM t</. h*.^), rardimil
iSuinntnrium, od. 1*>,V,, p'. ( "i',\l W 1%, II, ;>"* ir.to, i
^PKVKKKLL, WILLIAM <//, ll-V.^nf rKVTON.Snt KUWAIUM i:^s? Hfin,
Noltin^'luun* bnroiij WM NOU or ^nuid'ou of piiriiitineutnnttt^ WH-" oblost sou and bi'ir of
\Villitun Peveivll, The older Povoivll i:im<l ^irJobt P*"\l on n'dob?uu, I 'mnhritlnoshiro,
toliave beon n natural son of \Viltinin tho by br. wito'viico^ djtuo.btor of Sir Ivlwanl
t^mnuoror, and his mother n dnunbtor of (i, borne ,f[, v,| The fntbor WMM M.I*, for
I ng'olrie, founder of the collegiate churcb of ruuthrttl/j'sttire in LVj^ niul 1*HH uiut hi^h
St. Mart itiVh*(inind, London, hut tbo.Mlo :liontV*f the eotinf) 1 in |1>!C5 and |t'0| 4 llo
autihctrity is Ihi^daioV quotation nf Itoljerl \VIH kuifjited in l*?ti(i, and u a^< eleventh uti
(ilovor |(j, v, J, Somerset howld. TIo\nun^or t'he liM of et^liteen on n lioju tho dignity of
Uovcrcll npptMirs uinonp the witncwioa to n, bnrttnot v\Mtiist rotiforrcd oti 'J Muy It'll I,
dnirtortothc, church of SuliMwry on S Sont, He died at L4rhnfn oiv 111 Dee, ltNJ, antl
1 l.'U (ilorNii/iV^//^'////^ 1 J/w/er////\ p. !!(>(} )^ \VUM bnt'iod henrnth mi elaborate monument.
and to a ehartorofSlepIuMHit Oxford !e{ ween in the clnircb there, l ; ,l\vard wnn educated
2 Mar<*b ( and lf<! ; Aiiiil I l*i(J (Uicn vuu OK nt Hitry whtHJ and at rmbriiljjo. On hi.s
HMXHAM in <"//n^?eA^ ^/\S7/y>//r'^, //r7;n/ // niarriafte in h'iDI hh father ^nv* him tho
h, and other nortliern mag'tuita'H bound tlieiu* . ItUCJ 11 he nn?4 litn^Iifed nt \\ hitolmll, uud
Helves^ to ronisl David of Nt*otlnnd after on ItJ Aug\ 1*111 wnn admitted to Unty'w
that kin^ hathvfiiMed to Hst(n to proposnls ' litiu tfomtcceeded to tho lmr>?u^tcy and'to
forpoaco (//>. iii, 1(W), ,ln the battle of the the family tauten nf l;4obntu on hw father'n
SlmuhmUhe, mm year William WHS ouonf death inlfiltl A Mnuncb puritan in roli-
t-ho chief (unnmttnderH (l\]w, HUNT, Uoll gion f ho wiw elected ,M!l\ for ("amhrid^eHhire
Ser. p, ^U). t Ho wan tnkm jirwoner at to the parliament mooting in HLM^iml snt.
Lincoln, li^htin^ on St ophttii*H aide, in 1 14 1 for the same eonxtitiiency till th< dissolution
((/^/.//SyM, IH'NKi.M* by John of lloxhum, of the, second imrlinnuni.*in ( 'harlea I'HnM'pi,
,Uoll %,r, ii, at)B), Watilda took bin cuwtlo , in UlliH, Hwmtem|omtediHphi>' of puritan
ol iNott-'mgham and ont runted it, to William xojil led Urn I hike of Budiin^ham to rpcoin-
.1 a^'anel [we under RVOANHI,, KAMMI | ; but, \ mmul^nbotit HW7 t hirt removal from thooflico
in 114^ J diinn^th(^latter\sa)wa)iH'o t Peverell^H of cuwton rottilorum for (!ainbrid^e,shiw,
lucui MnrprLsed it )y niditi and expelled all Tluweoforth loyton WHK HTV avwol <tmv
tho adheriitH of Matilda froni the town (//>. of tin* court and of tho cHfablwhed fhurdi,
ii, BOD, .11 1-liJ), In 1 15,'J II wiry of Anjou HIM tamper wan violent, and in < October KWW
pi-aiited hitt landft to lltmulf, earl of Oluwtor \w WUH HtinsmontHl before tho Star-cliambcr
((LllM) [q. v, ) (J II. Round mJfayfitth ///V j for rtotounlv wnyluyin^Bome nei^hbonrnand
^>rw/ Ihw.w, x, 91 ), Jtannlf diod t.lio HHHM ' provokinK tlituu v fci)*%'bt ( CW/. *SV^ /V/^w,
?!! ! !l r ' } )C1 ^v?^' SOIHHl ^^ >on * rt " 11 * Hftwwl[(( , i(U-:J t p. 4i J 4) f In 10W a warrant for Itin
. ../i...._ . . . . land
torumottr(OBHVA8iU)ifOAwrKUHY f i. Io5; arnwt wiw Imml by Ardtbinhop Laud ant
; r a fmte 1!l WwM** tf&twtoM, &c,, other mwnbwH of tho occltwiiwtical cwmmift
JiOlls nor^xv. IHjV), ^ g [ ml cxnir t; (//;. |(j^j. ( p, iilKI),
In lloo, on Henry Us advance norl'h- l^ytonVoHtat^HHiifferochiiulerhiarula, Bo-
wards, Peverell iM from Yorkahiro to a fond 042 Iw had ftlfouiitwl, with tlwumforcou
monafitory neat Nottingham (probably Lcn- awent, of bin eldeat mm John, his diiof pro-
ton), whero lie rccmvod the tour and pwty at laloham, roetuving annuities, it is
assumed the noonaatus habit. But on I .I enr/n $aid, for his own life and that of hia heir,
approach to !N otting-hamshire, he again Had The manor of Wicken ha made over to the
((.nWttVABB, x v l()l). JTis lands were coufis- ddest surviving son of Ma second marriage.
, cated, this time on the pretext of hi coin- Thomas, of Xlougham, Suffolk,
plicity m the death of Jianulf. Tho sheriff of In tlw war of ^amjlhlets of 1641-2, which
Aotting&arasliiro and Derbyahiro accounted , preceded tUefma" broach between kin^ and
IVyton '.
parliament, IVytmt played nn at*tive';mrt on
tin* aide of the |>r!iament, InlfUl .u'pnb-
lished "The Kin^ Violation M{ the lli^htt* of
Parliament/ and in Mil:,!* \ Ih:r<mr:-*e con-
cerning the tit in*, 1 *', of the Pnutnre nernwuvy
to be used on tuKimi' the Bivm! tnnl Win** nt
the Sacrament," to which H^ir( 'ock'i totted
a reply, IVyton advwMtrtl a Mtfht^ p>Htui*e,
lie also contributed MHW prefatory \MV<C,-I to
Humphry Mill^s 'Nipjif- Semvh, 1 pt. is,
( H>41 ), \Mietl wnr InvK* 1 out Peyton tnoK tip
nrniH a^Tiust the Utnjjf, and rlnuued to luive
iou<fht nt Mdii't'hill, New Imry, and NHM'!H\
find to have h*'en ixnpnit'ttnd after I'Jd^elnll :
in Hnnhnry t'aMtle. S}rH>hTf Heath placed
his name in UUM in the lUt *f tln^e whotn
the UinjL*' pcupo.sed t< iinpiaeh. Mi** property
underwent further injuvv in the eouiw* ni" _
thexvar, Ileconiphunrd ffuu ut Hroaolt'lmlki ;
A'lnTe ht^hfother Utthrrt hud been
!(>:,'!!, he \VI\M roltheiluf 4IHI/, wurth '
of household Ht till* hy the rnynlwt f/umwn uf
jjan^'ford^juid the furuitttre wa^tuot n^t<ired '
to him \vhen the plnre WUM captured hy(Vom- j
his Merviiv.s in its hehalt\ paid HIM property
hurdly more renpt*et tluut the royal Utrt v llin :
mm ThnmiiM fought for the Uinjc ; luul, KW it
%VIUM reported that IVylou hiul tnades v*u*
to him much lauded property, ttttciuptM
were made hy the committee for compound-
ing to Hcquc.Htrate the remnant' of Peyton^
eBtnlcH, Tlu*. chihns <>f the jmrliunient NvM'i k
satinlliMl hy lVvttu uucl his nonin 411 l(\*>\
Peyton
iVvton Inul pjihltnlttMl in UM7
IUH * Highway to l*oaw% or a Diror ti* w,t fort li
for the o.ompoHhiff of tlnnn unhappy DillU-
rtm<5t'Hl)ctwixt Kin^, ParHnmntt, ArmyjCHly,
and Kingdom,' In l(J*V2 Peyton gnvo IUOHJ
connpicuouH 'iroof of IUH revolutionary nyui-
]inthie,H in * r . l| ho hivino (JutaHtTophn of tho
Kindly Fninilyof the HOUHO of Stutirt-s; or a
Bhort llistory of the Uie, Uei^n, and Ruin
thereof; wherein the, nmst Het*ret imd chiuu-
her AboiuiuntionH of tluvlwo Iat King are,
diacoveredj Divine JuHtiaun K. (/luirlos, liin
ovt^rthrow viudlcatod, and thn ParliaRiend'i
IVocofHlinga a#aint him olnarly jtwtillnc'L "By
Sir Kdw, Pisyton, Kt. an<l Hart., a diligent
Observer of UIOHO Tiuiea/ London, It15^ 8vc^
In a dedication to ' tho nnpnmift authority^!'
tlxift nation, aHmbltt<l in thin present Parlia
tmmt,' .Veyton tracan the hand of Ood in the
king's defeat and death. Wood denounced
the work as 'most cloapicablt* and libellous,'
* full of lies, mint-alms, and nonwnae,* Though
inspired by a fanatical hatred of the first two
Stuart Id'ugs, and dtaflgwed by many pf-r-
versions of historical iact% IVyton supplies
,smr u^ful details ofeonrt life, The,
vie\\,s whirh In here expounded appnyxiinuted
to tin we of the Kil'th-nvmavchy uuin. I loan*
tiripjited the e^tnhlislunont. of a thooeruoy
sue 1 ,; HH the Je\V8 enjoyed under Clones. The*
work was reprintetl' in l7U),whon tho pub-
linliei% \Villiniu Howyer, jnu,, was, with tho
promoter of the publication,, (MnirleH Davis,
taken into euHtody by order of I he Ilou.sc of
('iimunms t on the chnr^e <u" pul)lishiuj^ u we-
cliiiou.s lihi'l. Sir \Vlter Seolt itiehidetlthf-)
work in his* Secret. History of the. Court of
Jrtnn'Nl ' (Kdinhut'tfh, 1H1 1, ii. aoi-.-JIJI)).
Peytini died intestntr iu I(5o7. lie was
drarHhedus fc of NVu'Keu'in the lot tern of ad-
tntiU'itrntion ismied on 1 July to his widow
Dorothy*
Peyton wtiHthriee married: first., in 10(1-1,
nt Si rent.lmtn, to Murthi,dautfhter of Itohert;
l,ivi'suv of Tooting 1 ; nheditMl in KJl'J, Ilirt
neeond wife wan Jani, dunjjfhtciv of Sir
< h lthor]w\rul widow ofSir KdmuiwlT
thorpe, Ui third wife, whom he murtied
in UtM'eui)uir lt};WtSt.*.)umrrt',CilorkmiwoU,
in Hiud i4i hiu f e been Dorothy, daughter of
Kdward linle of Stock\vt4l, although in the
He.euse her nunuune in ^'ivt'ti <IH Minwhawo
( //M/W/> of Lowfontf Mttrrutflt LiccwM) llnrl,
Soe, p, iiSil), After Pnyton'n tleathHluunar-
riod Vldwanl Low, vie.lir of Ih'ig'hton, uncl
nhe \viw hurled tit Brighton on 10 Airil l(fHl,
By each wifo Puytori hud iaaue, 1 IH oldest
won John, by luH'lu'Ht umrriag'e. (
wa 1 hird baronet. The second H
wan appointed Imutettjint-coloncl of IIOVHC by
t<he parliamontary general, Bunil Foilding,
tMtrl of Denhi^ou Si,M March HM-4(AYrry
* t 1014, p, CHI), llw oltlcHt daughter,
Amy, wiw wife, of Henry Lawwnwi (jp v.],
.,, it of Oromwoli'H council of i
H,ohtrt (//. Kifto), eldest HOII of Thomas
unr 1(JK;V), t4dt)Ht child of Sir EdwnrcTw
.,, marriage, wlio <nyned the, ewtate of
Wieken, tmugnit(Hl t.o Virginia and aottled
in M'athtnvH coitnty, wluiro lie named his
reRidence. fBleham, after tho old ostate of tlio
family* Rohorti wain father of five eons, and
tho Virginian I ulcham remained in tho hands
of his dtwwsmlantfl till 1HM, Tlxo baronetcy
iof right descended to lkbert'K KOUB, but the
title was, until 1816, borne bvthtt descend-
ant* of Robert's younger brother Charles, of
Orimston, Norfolk.
[Notw ki ndly furnished by Mina Bertha Porter ;
Wood's Athon Oxon., ed. Bliss, iii. 320-1;
Waters^ Cheaters of Chicheley, pp. 238 feq. ;
Herald and Genealogist, vi, 63 eeq.0 ti. ^-
PEYTON EDWARD (d, 1749), com-
modore, entered the navy in 1 707 as a volun-
teer per order on board the Scarborough.
Peyton i.
lie afterwards served as a volunteer on
board the Kingston in the expedition to the
St. Lawrence in 1711, and as a midshipman
in the Aldborough ami Klizabeth. lie passed
his examination on *I Aug. 171"), and on
IK) April 17:27 was promoted by Sir ( 'barles
Wager [q.v.| to be. a lieutenant of the Koyal
Oak in the lleet. otl" Cadiz, In July 17-S'he
was appointed to the (Jihrallur, and in June
17;M to the Dunsley galley. On -I April
',17'JO ho was promoted to be captain of the
Greyhound frigate on tho home and Lisbon
station. Ho afterwards commanded the
Keinungtou on tin* Lisbon .station and in
tho Mediterranean, and early in 17-11 was
appointed to tho (lO-gun ship Medway, one
ot the squadron under (Commodore < 1 urtis
Baruett |'q. v,], which sailed in May for the
East Indies. After leaving Madagascar, the
Modway, with the Diamond frigate in com-
pany, was sent to hlockade, the Straits of
.Malacca, where she captured a large I'Ycneh
merchant ship, which was added to the
squadron as a <10gun ship of war under the
name of the Medway's Prijse.
On Ikmott's death, L> May 17'U,( he com-
mand devolved on Peyton, who, on ree.eiv*
ing intelligence of a hYrneh squadron having
como on the coast, sailed from Kort St..
DavicVn to look lor it, On ii5 June he fell
in with it oil" Negapul am, superior in number
of ^flhiptuuid men to that with Peyton, but
inferior in discipline, equipment, and in all
tho qualities which distinguish ships of war
from merchant vessels, It consisted, in fact,
of such ships as La. HotmlonmuX tho go-
vernor of Mauritius, had been able to get
together and equip out of the resources of
this colony, manned to a, great, extent by
negroes, and commanded by himself, a re-
t irecl merchant, captain. But of this Peyton
was ignorant ; h had with him but HIS;
shns ? ono of which was a i.H)~gun frigate;
am", swung before him a squadron of nine
large ships, which, by moans of punt and
qutilcers, appeared to ' carry moro guns than
they did, hu avoided coming to clone action,
After a distant cannonade the two squadrons
separated for llw night. The next day the
position was the same; the Kreneh fny-tio
waiting for the* English tx> attack, and Pey-
ton, still undw tho impression that ttie
enemy's force was vastly superior, called a
council of war, and, without dilliculty, ob-
tained from it a resolution in favour of re-
tiring to Trincomalee,
La Bourdonnais, on his part, went to
Pondiahorry, where ho hoped to obtain guns,
powder, "/revisions, and other necessary
stores. These, however, wore, refused by
the jealousy of JDuplcix, the French governor-
](> Peyton
general, and La liourdoiwain, having refitted
as he best could, sailed in quest of Peyton,
whom he met, on (S Aug. again oil' Negn-
patum, For three, days La Bourdonmus
vainly endeavoured to bring him to close ac-
tion, and then returned to Pondieherry. Pey-
ton made the hc,xt of bis way to the H'ooghlV,
where he remained, though be knew that
Madras was exposed to attack. It was cnp-
tured on 10 Sept,, and on J Oct. a hurricane
caught La Hourdoniwis's ships in the open
madstewl, and wrecked, shuttered, or dis-
persed them. But even the knowledge of
this disaster could not tempt, Peyton south,
and he was .still in the Monthly in Decem-
ber, when Commodore Thomas UrilHn(q, v, I
arrived as Huerewsur to Uurnett.
(Srillin, on underKtan<ling the state of
ailains, put- Peyton tutder nnvst and sent
him to l^nglniul, where, ns no clutrge.s were
preferred against him, he WRH releasid, Ua
died shortly afterwards, on -1 April 17-11);
4 oj)preHsod t aeeordiitg to ('luirnock, * with
grief and indignation at the treatment, he
had experienced/ He WHH married, and had
issue, with others, a son Joseph, who died
nn admiral in I HO I and left, numerous de-
scendants to the navy (see, PK\TON, SIK
JOHN S'rutm'j. Oharnoek, who may beoon-
id<M*ed as r'ir*senting the opinion of Ad-
mind John Korhes |q, v, |, who must have
known Peyton personally, cotiniderH that
Peyton's conduct was not reprehensible*
It IH quite possible that. Peyton was not want-
ing in personal courage; it, can scarcely ho
doubted that be was wanting both in the
judgment and in tho, high moral courage
needed in an eiUoient commander*
'H Bioj^r. NIIV.V, />;!,* (\Himisnionaml
Warrant. Itooks and PuKHitig (^rtillcaia in tho
Public Record OmYc; a Narrative ofUw Trans-
mit ions f tho Itritinh squadrons in tho
liidicH during the lato war. , . By an oiTlc
Horvcd in (.how H(]nadrons (8vo/l751) ; Ornurs
lliHt 1 ., of tho Military Transactions ... in Judo-
Htan, 2nd >dil, i. (I.J ; Alruunre pour b< Siinir do
la ItounlowwiH, avoe \M piecen juHtiHoufcivoB
(17/50), pp. 40 et seq. ; MAnioirH historiqiUJH tlo
B, I<\ MnliA do la HourdonnaiM . . . rtunioilliH ot
puhli(\s par won petit- ftl (1827), pp- GO etstHi.J
J, Iv . Jj.
PEYTON 1 , SIR ITI<3NHY (<L
adventurer, was son of Thomas ! > (>yton of
Bury Ht. MdmunrlH, custumer of Plymouth,
by his wife (?e.cilia, daughter of John Bour-
chier, second earl of Bath. lie served in,
tho Low Countries at an early ugoj was
knighted by tho king at Itoyston in May
UK)(J, and joined tho household of Henry,
prince of Wales, Ho subscribed 37 /. ICk
towards tho fund for colonising Virginia in
IVyton i
11507, In hM, 'I hi* \vn^ |rmi .d tho po .t
of governor of Brill in Holland t ' ///. iV//^
,/V/^v>\ Hoin, 1H|1 !>*, fn i'l:*?, In JUlShr
wan givrn tin* t'utnninnti, vufh Sir Hrnry
Mainwjirinft't <^ a tlvt pnli'.ti'd in thr Mr-
vico of tho Yonlian r*piillir, Ho <lird ' h-
v>nd 8N ' a ft or J !!!"* Hi'- \\ilh *ln(*il
H April lUlH t \va^ prov*! on ;'0 Krh. ir:S'J
Ittll, l!r innrricd til l/i*n,: IHf ton, Surrey,
on l!*J Sept, l<Ui\ Mary, \\idowof Andruw
((/. I(Ji)l ), .son of Sir Htchant IiOi*i*'' % onrim-
H(IUH\ I>(jwt ; fho wn-4 fourth du,*litir of
Mdwnrd Srytnmr, fu'^t duKM of Sonu'f.u't, tho
]>rot,iM*tor, toy hiftfirvond wilV, S)i* \VHM hnr'u'd
in Wcvshninisti'r Ahhiv >m IK, Inn, |t>H) *M),
Anotlirr U^nrv lVvi*w t Iforn ofi 4 Att^*
]W)1, \\-fis third ion tif Sir John IVjIon of
I)oddinf,1nn ? itnd ^'rnndwtn tf Sir John Poy-
ton i} v, | Ho ws odiirnt^d nt Mrtvhnnt
forgot t(*n hi.** own ;>n^'^urd wn-'-i Killed hy
hin own huhlh*rs at Hnnlntry during tlu v rivil
warn,
[Hrowii'n ttriHwnf \\w t'nitd Sfufon; Clu-H-
Peyton
', SIR ,loltN <irM l(t:l(^ ^-
T<n*nor of Jirmy t WHS the nerotid Hum of John
Peyton of Know It on in Kent, (r/. U OH*
looH), hy Dorothy, dnu^hter of Sir John
Tyndnle, K,H. lleforn lfi<}| he went, to Ire-
land to nerve under his futherV friend uitit
n(M^hhonr T Htr Henry Sidney (<|. v*| of IVim*
luii'Ht. In lo(>S tie wana^'fun in Irelnndwith
Sidney, then lord deputy^ nnd beeanie anieun
h(rof !UH hounehfdd un<l t he oreaNtonnt henrcr
of Inn diHpate,lieH to I'lng'hind, In IfiHft lie
Hirv(<l with the \* position <n the N ether*
lands under the Karl of Lmeenter, In I Meom*
her, Peyton WUK #nrriom k il in thti fortrt^Mof
ISerg'onHip-Zootn, and did gooil Hot*vico during 1
tho following year,
through wiuitof Hupplie8( Pcytonto Leicester,
ii Oct. inwi; rw/ow (Jaiim, ax,
59), In lf)H<) ho riMMMVod the honour of
knighthood, hi Jttly loHHho WUH appoiiitctl
colonel in tho foiWrt loviod for tho (hf(m( k n
of llio<^UiM t> u*H porHon in tho thrtnittsjuul attack
of Uio Spaninh urtnada.
In i/39ti h wan grant nd th( ro,ccivrKhip
of tho countiow of Norfolk and Huntingdon,
and of tho <*ity of Norwich* In June 151)7
ho WHK appoint od lituttonant of tho Tower of
Jjondon, Whon Ualoigh, waft under Im caro
in 1(J(KJ tlio priHouer'a *Btrango and dejected
xnincl' gave Pi^yton much trouble; Kaloigii
\\HM\ to flcn<l for him 11 v or ix titmm a day
in IUH pasion8 of grief (Addit. M& 0177, IE
Rarly in JVfarch 160% when the quuwa wn
nn^' (Inngorously ill and the question of the
fenenil attention,
1 Peyton, ns lieutenant of the, Tower, rwiuvwl
i ooniniunieationN from King James of Scot-
,' land,, But he avoided nil political inlrig-noH
; H '"m^iw/i/wr ttf JtuuM r/fj), liii). On
I th* death of the (jneen on W Mare.h, and the
ppoftanmtmn of King .lanie.s hy tlui council,
; Peyton at onee di^patolutd his .son. to .Mdin-
; htuyji to nsMjre the king' of his loyalty. Ho
wiiM not, however^ .sworn a mnu'hor'of tho
priv'y eiitmeil, and on JtOJuly was rt^nioved
iroiu the lienleminey of t-hn Towt^r, and
appointed, in accordance apparently with hiw
own wish, to the ICNS c.onHpituions post of
governor of Jersey (Cut, Mttttr Pwper^ Dom,
UH):J H), pp t i^ fi- AiMit.MN. (H77, f, l^S),
lie took t he nsunl oath helore t^lu^ royal court
oIMrrwry on H) Sept. KJOtt,
In thi^ tnllowing month some old wmver-
nation he had hail about the ,Mumww>n was
i niked upnt court, and hi* loyalty wan called in
({titvition, (\Mulinfornted him of IUH danger;
I Peyton at once furnished a defence, dated
10 Oct, U50JI, enehwing a full narrative of
the conversation, and the matter dropped
(of. WATKKK, <"//^/m nfd/ttMcy, L"2tt-\ 7),
[n January I(50S 4 lio in stafexl to have
! * len dingnu'ed forcntcrtnuHng inteHigiuico
' het-wcen C'ol)haiu and Raleigh,' with whom
i hm Hon WUH very iut.inuitu (KDWAIU)B, Life,
of ttttff'fy/i, L .573).
Peyton*H tenure of the governorship of
Jernt^y wan far from peaceful, The island at
\ the time of his appointment waw atvictly
prerthyterinn, But. Pt^yton, an an ardent
cpiHCopalian, (induavouml to alt<n* tho form
of (>he t*hur(*h govornuu i ut (HwviA'K, Apriutx
JttwtiwNWi ]>* i'J(J), ConiplaintB \voro madtj
by both partioH to tho king hi council, and
all wera Bummoned to London in Juno Hfcitt.
ThepreHhytt k rianH \VM(\ divicltul amonjf tlitun-
Helven, atul l*\yton triumphed, Canoua eHta-
bliHhing wpiHcopalian govannnotit were a])
proved ou HO Juno 1<M,S, and David Bawdi-
nol [q. v*] watt appoint'tnl doau.
DiHputt'H In civil matt.(jrB also occuptodtho
governor'^ att'tuitiou. With tho loader of
tho popular party, Sir Plulij) do Oarterefc
(IfiHJ- J(M,'0 [(], v"], and with John llerault
["f| v,], bailiir of Jisrfloy, h was involved m
confltuntr fitrife. J*oyton claimed the right
of appointmcmt t.o civil oilicea in the islands,
and tn 1017 tho council declared that tho
chargo of the military forces alone rested
iu tho governor. Tho bailiir "was entitled
to control the judiciary and civil service.
In IfliJl Peyton, however, succeeded in
getting llerault suspended from ofKcB and
imprisoned in England. In 16iJ4, when the
case again at Uerault was heard in London,
he ^^ f as cleared of blame, and Peyton was
Peyton
138
Peyton
ordered to pay him the arrears of ollieiul
salary.
Peyton le.ft Jersey finally iti K'c'H, when
his son was appointed his lieutenant, Siucu
hitf wUo. 1 8 death, iu February 1 (!():,> !l, ho fixed
his private residence, when in Kuglaud, at
'Doddingtou iu the Isle, of Kly, Ho died on i
4 Nov. JOIJO, and was buried at, DoddingUm
on 15 Dee, Wot ton ( lhtr<>nt*ht<t?i od. lumber
and Johnson, ii, 'MO) statew that he wan
niucbty-nine, at the time of his death, and on
the monument of his granddaughter, Mrs.
Lowe, at Oxford, he in stated to have been
in his hundred-and-fifth year. Ho himself,
however, givew IUH ago as seventy-nine in
February lOiJ I, and NH eighty iu December
of ('In'. same year, He may therefore safely
"bo concluded to have died at eighty-six.
! 'evfon was regarded with affection by Much
friends a,s Sir PhilipSidney, Peregrine Bertie,
lord Willoughby do Krcsby I'q. v. |, and I lenry
Ouir or (Julio [q, v. ], Rsso.x's secretary ( //ow~
spowipHM of JftMcx Vlj Caiud, Soe, |K 1);2),
Jn 8loano MS, iM-lli is a. collection made. by
Peyton of * several instructions and diroc.-
tiouH given to divers Ambassadors and other
commissioners appointed to treat with foreign
princes about aUiurs of state, and alno Homo
things concerning tbo Island of Jersey and
Count Mansfield/ &c. It was presented
to Charles LI by his grandson, Algernon
Peyton, I). I)., rector of Doddington, He
married ou 8 Juno 1578, at Oatwoll in Nor-
folk, Dorothy, only child of Kdward Beaui>r6
of Beaupr(f Hall, Oatwoll (by his second
wife, CatJiariue Htidin^iitild), and widow of
Sir Robert; ,Boli (d. 1577) [({, v. | lior lar^'c
j)roperty gave Peyton a position iu tho
county.
Ills' only son, Rrti JOHN" PHVTON (1570-
10^5),\vtt born in 1/370, was admitted fellow-
commoner of (^nee.ns' Collect!, Cambridf l (\ in
*Io94, and waa knig'htod on iJB March lu'O.'i
JTo Biu'vecl in tho Low Countries iu Kilii and
1(U7, and from 1(>^H to ,l()^Ii wan appointed
lieutenant-governor of Jomyy on bo-half of
liis lather, lie died in l(ftU"5, having 1 mar-
ritid, on iio Nov. 1002, Alice, second daugh-
ter of his cousin, Sir Johu Peyton, o Inle*
ham [see under PEYTON, Bin KJDWAK!)], II o
was noticeable for his literary tante.a, which
for him the friendship of lus
*
bour, Sir Uobort JSruw Cotton fcj, v.*| Amotig 1
the manuRcripts iu the Cambridge Univer-
sity Library ("201,4, K,k, v.a), is 'Tho First
Part of tin 4 . Observations of Sir John Peyton
the younger, knt., Lieutonant-fjoveruor of
Jersey, during his travailes.' It was appa-
rently written in Jersey in 1618, from notes
takon when abroad in 1598 and 1500. By
hits will, dated ;>! Feb. 16?> 1-6 (1\ C, 0, ;*:l,
Sadh^r), he appointed his wife Alice his solo
executrix; H!HMVUH buried at Doddingtou ou
:S March 1(>.'57.
[ NYalws's (lotica logical Memoir of tlio ( 1 ho-
tern of (Miieholoy, pp. U87 1'H, ;no,.H2; Li
Quesn<r,M ('OMNI it nl inual Hist, of Jtu'^i-y, pp. 1 {,*)*
l"!t, V*l' r ) (52; K.Mlh'*s Aceount- nf Jersey, nd,
Darell, pp. I'M t!, 1>:M .'), -HO ; (Jal. \Sinlo
IMpurs, I.)Sl .US.'!.** ; CullinM'N Pocnv;^, 1812 ii.
10; NirhoLs'H Pro^resHcs of JMIMCN I, p. fiH ;
NuUvH and Queries, 4th scr, u, 188; Mly Kpi
si'opal Km.rds, pp. '-SH!t, 1J88, UHi) ; KyinorVi
Kciitt'ni (oriiriuni odif,). Nviii, .*7>, nHO, HUH;
Mtnnir of Willintu Mndiwm Peyton, p. HUH;
UnsKin'.H dhurhiH 11 in tho (Ibmiurl Iwliujiln, pp.
JH M. | H, P.
PEYTON", Sue JOHN STUUTT (17HO-
IHHS), captain iu th k navy, horn in Loudon
ou 14 Jan, 17^t t was the Mon of \Villijuu
Peyton of the navy llic% ^randaon of Ad-
tuirnl Joneph Peyton (r/. ls()l), mul ^reat-
graudsou of Commodore Kdwnrd Peytcnn
"((. v.'j HiHfa,ther\s tlu*ei^ brotbern, too, wro
all iu th< k navy; one of them, John, who
died a renr-uthnirnl in 1W(M', was captain of
the Defence m tlie, battle of the Nile,
jli-H grandmother was n. dmi^'hler of ( 'oni-
niander John Strut tj hirt mother wan th
daughter tf (\mnuander Jacob hohh, who
die.r, iu cotniinuul of the Kinn'ILsher wloop
lu 1773, and was Hister of Captain William
(h'uiiville Ijobh, at'terwnnls a coiiUuiM-sioticr
of the navy-
IVytou went firnt t< sea in Octoher 1707,
on hoard t he Hector, otl* (Wlix; was tlu*ii
for throe yearn in the Kwcrald in the Medi-
terranean ' ami in January I Hi) I wan tip-
pointed to the Han Jowl', Nolnou's flugnhip
lu tlm ( 'hanneL With iNeLson he wan moved
to the St. Ooorgo, in which he was in the
Baltic and afterwards oil* Cadiz and m tho
AVoHti ImlieH, for part, itf the time under fho
command of hiw nnele, Captain Lobb, During 1
iHOii J he Horved, in (jinc.k wucC(HHJon, iu
^several frigutea in the Channel or in the
North Sea, and in Au^nnt 1H(M wart wnt out
to tho Victory, carrying Nelnon^ Hap oil
ToulotJt In Jilnrch 1805 ho WIIH uppoint<l
{ictiii^-li(uittmant of the (/auopiiK, from which
ho was 'moved iu May to the Ambiwcatlo
frigate with (/apt-idu William Durban, em-
ployed during the next two yoars in thw
Adriatic. Peytou'w comminHion an lieutonaut
wan dated 7 6ct. 1 K05. in July 1807, having
boo,n Ko.nt to dcmtroy a veHstd which, ran her-
self anhore, near Ortona, ho wa wounded in
the right elbow by a muaket-hullot ; thoarm
had to be amputated, and he waa invalided.
On 1, Dec. 1807 he was promoted to the
rank of commander, and from June 1809 to
February 1H11 he commanded the Bphira
Peyton
Pfeiffcr
brig in the North Sea, in the Wnlehercn ex-
pedition, and attenvard.M otV Cadiz. He- wan
then appointed to tin* Won Bel in the, Arehi-
pelng'o ; and on l't Sept, lSl I was pouted to
the Minstrel of IfO guns, in which, and
afterwards in the Thames, he WHH employed
on the coast of Valencia and Catalonia till
neur the end of the war, during which time
he WHS repeatedly cnf'aged with the enemies'
batteries and privateers, and received the,
thanks of Sir Kdwnrd Pellew |t|.v,|, the
comnutnder-in-chtef. In September IKliJ the
Thames returned to Knghiud and was paid
oil', On Ho Jan, IHJSIS he wan nominated a.
K.C.ll., an<l in June 1SW was appointed to
the Madagascar of -to 1 n'uns t in winch he went,
out to tin* West Indies, In the spring of
IMDH he wan compelled (o invalid, and died
in London on May* He married, in IKl-t,
a daughter of Lieutenant Woodyear, K,N f ,,
ofSt, Kit ts, mid had issue, three dat^ht-trs
and two SOILS, the eldcnt. of whom, Lumtey
Woodyear, died a retired commander in
| Marshall's Hoy. Nnv. Uinjfr. vi. (fwppl. pt.,
ii.V, 4IiH; Navy L'ihtH; .litnu-N's Naval IliHtory;
JServico Hook iu tho Public Kooortl OiHee, I
,1. K. 1>,
PEYTON, THOMAS (tror>~l<W(i), poet,
said to ImvtH been born at Uoy^ton, (lunt-
Ijrid^eshire, In lfur> t wan probably a younger
son of Sir John Peyton of IslchinUj and
In-other of Sir Edward Peyton |q, v.|, hut;
Ins nam l dttes not figure in th g'enealopt^s,
After bointf educated at UoVKtou he prt-
cee-ded to ( 'uwbridjjfn t and in Hi 1*1 was ud-
mit.t<d a Htndtmt of Lincoln's Inn, Of a
studiouH and religious temperament, he pro*
duced in London in 10:10 the first parl> of a
poem entitled 'TheOhiHHe of Time* in the
!Firt Af^e, divinely lumdl(d by Thomay
IVytou of Liucolmw Inne, g'ent,'* Tht^yo-
lumn opens with addtwae-H in ve.wn to King
IVince dharhw, Lord-chancellor
Milton's 'Paradise Lost,' but the resem-
blances aro not close enough to render it
'irohable that Milton was acquainted with
,,UH predecessor's cH'ovls (of. North. American
AV/vV'w, October IH(50). Copies of Peyton's
two volumes are in the British Museum. A
reprint appcuirc^l at; Mew York in 1886.
Peyton died in 1(5^<>.
| Peyton's (tlanso of Timo, with, introduction,
New tork, 1H.|
PFE1FFEU, KMTLY JANE (1827-
IK!K)), |)0( k tes,s, born on lid Nov. 18^7, was
the daughter of R. Davis, -who was in
enrly yeni'M an ollieiu' in the; army, and
wan through life devotitMl to art. At ono
t-iuu* possessed of cousiddrablo property
in Oxlordshins lu^ bucaiui^ b(('oro his death
innocently involved iu thu failuro ol' his
tather-in-'law'H bank, the chief banking
institution in Mo nt^onuvry shire. The
straitened circ.uni stances of tlurltuuily pre-
vented Minily froiu rwcivin^ a,ny reg-ultir
educatJou, but he-r father cncoura^d her to
Htudy atul practise painting and pontry, IV
cuniai'v t.rouhlc.sal home, howesvc.r, darkened
her youth with melancholy. She found relief
in a, visit to the continent, and in Irtfitt
whe tnn'i*Ml,I,K. Pfe.iHer, a (German morchant
resident in London, a man of warm heart
nnd sterling worth, At a very youthful
tfe he produced a volume of verae, 'Tho
Holly Hrancli.' In IHo7 appeurinl her first
literary attempt of gvuuine promi.so, ' Yalis-
ueria,** un imaginative talc which, though
muc-h I(HS powerful, may he cotnparcd to
Warn ('oh.ridjjfe*fl l Phantnsmion/ Conaciou^
of tlw imperfection of her education, she
worked hard at self-culture, and published no
more until 187.1, when her poem of Gerard 1 **
Monument* (2nd edit, 1878) mado its ap-
Bacon, and tho'Ktwtar/ Tho j)oem con-
sists of USB HtauauM, of varying ien^lhH ? in
heroic verse. 1ft relates the story of wau'n
fall, as told in tlu Bible, There are many
classical allusions and digressions into con-
temporary religious topics, Peyton writer
as a champion of the eHtabliHlted church, nnd
a warm opponent of tho puritans* In Ki!23
lie continued the work in a wutoiul vohuwo
entitled *Th (Uasse of Time in the Second,
Ag^' and brought the, scriptural nurrativo
to 'Noah's entrance, into t'ha ark A further
continuation WUH promitl, but was never
writum* Woiwo of the cjH<(UtB in^ Peyton's
potnn- notably hi cltwcttpt ion of Paradiaa
and of Jjcifervory faintly aupfgwt some
xnustorly passages cm the wane wubjtict m
pearance, From that time forth her industry
wim conspicuous, A volume of iniacelhmeous
poems appeared in 1870, ' Glan Alarch' in
lH77/t^iartennun'H Grace' in 1879,' Sonnets
and Songs' in 1HHO/ Under the Afipona' in
IHH2, anil 'The Hhymo of the Lady of the
Uook* iu 1HH4 A'lonifjonruoy uudo.Hakcn
in the last, year through Eastern Europe,
Asia, attd America was gracefully described
in'* Flying Loavos from East ana^VeBt^iu
IB85. At the same time Mrs. Pfeiilbr in-
terested hcirfldlf in the oclal position of
women, and ksued in 1888 ' Woman > and
Work,' reprints of articles from periodicals
on the subject. She also desired to reform
modern female costume, and wrote in th
< (Jorahill Maprassmo ' in' advocacy of a modi-
fied return to classical precedents. Her hus-
band died in January 1889, and she never
recovered from the blow. She wrote and
Phacr
Phacr
published ' Flowers of the Ni^'ht/ later in 1
the same year, but she survived I'teiller only
a year and a day, dying 1 at their house in ;
.Putney in January iSiiO. hi accordance '
with her husband's wish, she had devoted a '
portion of their property to the establish- '
ment of an orphanage, and had designed the
endowment o] 1 a school of dramatic; art. ,By
her will she left money to trustees to be j
applied, l.o the promotion of "women's higher
education; i2, ()()()/, from this fund \vs allotted
towards erecting at (Wdiirtlus'Vberdare Hall
for women-students of iheuniversit y of Sou tli
"Wales, which was opened in ISDo, I
As a poetess, Mrs. PfeiHor resembled Mrs,
Browning, With incomparably less power, !
she was uplifted hy the yanie moral ardour j
and guided hy the same delicate sensitive 4 * |
ness, Her sentiment is always charming 1 . |
Her {Ie.fe.dt8 are thoso of her predecessor
dilliiHeness and insutUeicnt finish; nor had
she Mulliciont strength for along poem, She
succeeds best in the sonnet, where the
metrical form enforces compression. She was
also accomplished iu embroidery, and she
left to a niece a fine collection of her paint-
ings of llowerH, which tiro executed, with
great tasto and skill,
(A. K. Japp in ,'MuWH Pouts and Poetry of
the Oont.nry ; Atluma'um and Academy, 1 l''ob
1800; Western Mail, 8 Get, 1800; private in-
formation,] ,R. U,
PHAER or PHAYER, THOMAS
(1810iM5<K>), lawyer, physician, and trans-
lator, is said to have been son of Thomas
Phae.r of Norwich (^KNTON, Tour m Pent,**
Irokwlnre, J811, p. r>()5). Tho family a]-
pears to have been of Flemish origin, Muiw
\vas educated at Oxford and at Lincoln's
Inn, ami was favourably noticed by William
Paulet, first marquis of Winchester [q.v.']
*Aa a lawyer ho uttaintnl/ way a Wood, * to
a considerable knowledge in the municipal
lawjs/ and lie wrote two legal handbooks.
The iirst Unhurt Kedman published for him
in lf>35: it was entitled * Natura BrtH'ium,
newly corre,cte,d in lOugliwho with diuorH
addicions of 8tatnt.es, book-casoH, phcs,' , , .
In 1543 Edward WlutchurcJi isstied Plxucr's
* Newo Boko of Presidenttis in manor of a
register, ^ wherein i8 comprehended the very
trade of mukyng all maner <Miydenoe and
hiHtrumentefl of Praotyscj, ryght commodyoiw
and necessary for oneryman to knowe,' lli\
\vas rtj warded for his endeavours to popu-
larise ^ legal methods by the a])pointmcnt of
' solicitor ' in the court of the Welsh marches,
and settled at a house in Kilgerran or Oil-
g-erran Forest, Pembrokeshire.
With his practice of law Phaer com-
bined a study of medicine, which he bepiu
belong ir>,'i). In If>M according to Her-
bert- (although the earliest etlition extant in
the Bodleian Lihrary is dated lf>l<5), ht^
published with Whit church a popular medi-
cal treatise, c-nt it led 4 The Regiment of Lite/
aversion through tlie French of ' Hegimen
Sanitatis SahM'ni/ of which a translation by
Thomas Paynell [<j. v. j had already been
published in IfilJH | see Uou,\Ni r riin.M-
MON], t'haer appended to his rendering 4 A
goodly Hryele Treatise of thn I > (stylenee,
with tlu* causes, wigns, and (Min'softhesame/
Mhuditration of the V'eynes of Man's Body,
and to what Dyseuses and InfirmitJiss the
opt v ning uf every one of them doe servo/ and
*A Book of Children.' l*hiur claims in this
Volume to have iirst made medical H(ienee
intelligible t.o I'atgHslinieu m their own lan-
guage. An odition, 'newly cttrreeted and
enlarged/ uppcured In In.Vl (by John Kings-
ton and 1 lenry Sut. ton in HOIUI* copies, and
by William flow for Abraham Veale iu
others). Other editions art* dated 1 r>(!0,
1500 (H, 15r7, K7() (!*), and 1WHI Tho
' Treatise of the, Plag'tie 1 was repriut*< i d in
1771', ' with a pr<raeo by a physician ( W. T. )/
nud .some 4.\traetH iijrurcd in an appendix to
4 Spiritual Prt^seruatiues against the Pesti-
lence,' UKKI, by Henry Holland (<t. H504 )
[q. v/' t and in * Salomon's IVsthouse, by
I, I),, 1 UJ.'HK
()n<> Feb. I558-S) Phacr graduated MJL
at Oxford^ with leave to practise, and pro-
ceeded AI.I). (Hi Ul March, \\H stated in
his supplication For the, iirst decree that ho
had practised medicine lor twenty years,
and had made experiments about poinoua
and antidotes.
Despite his twofold occupation as lawyer
and doctor, Phaer found leisure for literary
work, la 151-1 he contributed a comment
dat.ory poem to Philip Betham's * Military
Precepts,' Ho supplied a poetical version
of the legend of 'Howe, Owen Ulendower,
being 1 od need by false prophecies, toko upon,
him to bo Prince of Wales/ to the first edi-
tion of the 'Mirror for Mag'irttmteR/ 1551).
Warton also HIJVH he had seen an old ballad
called 'Gads-hill by Fuire/ A ballad 'on the
robbery at (hidden-hill* was entered iu the
registers of the, Stationers* (Company in
ir>58-a In \m\ after Phaer'n death
Thomas Purfoot procured a license to publish
'Owl en Verses of dupydo, by M. Fayrc/
who ia identified with l^hacr. * The work is
not known to be extant,
Meanwhile, on May 1 155, ho bog-an the
translation of" Virj^lVyKnoul* into English
verse, by which he ia best known. The first
book was completed on 26 May, the third on
Ph.UT
Phaer (litMl tit
Iji^fori 1 reHiuni
will is dutfil
ahonhi In* hnr
tttul I'tHpn'Mtcti
wrile tun epitaph,
to upply f*/, of IPS
itHpeeilied
he iuid cm
10 Ot't,, th*' '<e\euth u V Uiv, Ki,'7, Kaeh
book oeeu|ied bitn, on the nvernue, about
twenty day*, In KM* there nppinred, with a
dedication tn (jhi^'n Mary, * Th** seven tirM.
bookes of the Knotdos of \"ir;ilt converted
into Ku^U'-shr meter by ThonuH Plmer,
es^uier, Holiietfour fo the knur find queue?*
luniestieM j t,<\ Philip and Mary ' attending
their honorable couiHaih* in the miii'chit'M of
Wales, anno 1-VtS, *JS Maij/ London (by
John KinpttmU, KoS, |f t , At (lie nmcht-
Hum of tin* lift h book i ! Mny KM(>), he rmted
that he had e icap'd * pi-ricufum Knnnerdini f
-an apparent reference to some iieeident
that he wn^hiinod at, ("urmurtluMu H*
r,otnplt'td t wo mure bootrM eiiyht h and ninth ^
by U April l"(Jn, and luid lityjui She tenth
when be injured bin band,
K tl^'erran in Amount 1.V10,
t ( t>; bi-4 iaboui'H on Virgil, II is
it! Att^, H<* directed that Ins
ied in Kilf^erran paiV'liehnrch,
hin friend Uoort,';e h'errers to
A dtfiH't ton to his wife
estate after hi* deat h to
an uitHpeeilied purpose, on whit*h bin wife
and he iuid cotne to an undMV'tnndin<( in hin
lifetime, \A believed to refer to the eom-
memora-t ive riles of tlie Uoinan (Mitholic
church, and i.s ludtl to prove, in tlie presence
of I*haer*H loyal diulicatiou of bin * J^tieid '
to (^tte,(u Mary, that lit* ndherod tt tluudd
faith. Ui.M wife Ann wan mniduary h^tfnUu^
atxd ln^ nuub^ provision for three dainyhterrti
Eleanor (who had married (Jnillyth ap
Eyuon), Mary* and Mlixabetlh A eulogistic
i i j j. mi til
*pytapho ot niaister I hoinas rnayi*e a-p-
pe.a"red in Hanuibe (loig'e*M * b'glo^s, I50;i,
In l/>tJiJ Phur\s nine cotnplnted books ot
bin tranHlaiion of Virgil were (Mlit^d by Wil-
liam Wig'ht uian r f rec<*]>tour of Walen/ Tin*
volume, which \yan dedicated to Sir Nieholan
Baeon, wan entitled 'The nyn* 1 , fyrst booken
of tlie Kneidim of Virgil ctuiverted into
KngliHhi^ vwrw by Tho, Pltaer, doetoitr of
pbiHike, with HO inurht 1 ! of tentho booke an
flinai IUB de.nth (1500) coulch^ be ibundi*. in
unperfit pap<n*rt at bin ImuHo in Kilyfaran
Voriwt in Pembrokeshire/ London (by How-
land Hall for Nicholiw Inland), 15(^,4to,
In 1584 Tbomafl r fwine completed the
translation of tht^ * /Kneid/ <uul imwl what
he called 'the thirteen bookew of /l^neidoH/^
with a dedication to UobortBackvillo, ou of
Lord Buckburat; fcho tlurttmtli book was
the supplement of Maph&uA V(fgius
Phaor's t.rannlation is in IVnirteen-sy liable
rhyming ballad metre,, IB often spirited, and
fairly faithful, Although Gawin Doujrks
'], v,] was the earliest translator of ^Virgil
in Great Britain, and the Earl of
i Phayre
Surrey's translation of two hooks appeared
in tooT, Phaer wn the lirst, Ihi^UMhmau to
attempt a translation of t,\w whole work,
i I is Ht'hievement waw long* ^ ni to. lull v rein o,in-
bered, Art Imr Hall I q. v,J, when dedicating
bis Homer to Sir Thoman ( 1ec.il in 1581,
himonN the inferiority of his eilbrt.s to Phaer's
* Virgil inn Kn^lish/ Stani!nirst\s clumsy
version of the l .'Kneid 1 (loSO) wan derided
by Nash as of stna.ll account 1 beside Phaer's
rflbftM I pref. to (luMUNi^H McnnphtM) 15S7).
Putfenluinif in liis * Kn^liHh Poisi(*/ bowbows
<Mtinitiendat ion on Pinter.
pVoodV At,liMiiji()xon,<Hl. Bliss, I, .Tin ; J. R.
l^ullipH's It'iNt. of t 1 ilf;<M'van, pp. OB-102 ; Fos-
, tei**n Altnnni Oxon, ; Hunter's M.S. OhoruH
i Vatnm, n\ Addit, MS, 12'1-UH), f. 77; FulhM\s
i Worthies, thorio Owon'n History of iVmliroko-
' shire, tHDi!; K"Hton'H Tour in I'omhrob'shiro,
! 1811 ; Shakt'Hpcvint .So(Mot t y'H Piipurn, 18 1!), iv.
15; IIuxliU/H Hihliojjfrupliiwil Colloduons,)
H." L.
riTALKRUJB, (1UI.LIKLMUH
; I07H) T diviruu |So WIUTM, WILLIAM.]
IMLAYKM, Sin AUTIUTR .PURVIS
(1^1^ IHH5), Ih'Mt; conitniHsioiujr of IJritish
Burma, born at; Shrownbury on 7 May 1812,
wan son of Richard Phayro, csq., of Shvcwfl-
bury, by his wile, dau^btcf of Mr, Rid^way,
pub'lisbVr, of I0i> Piccadilly, Colonel Phayro
of Killou^bra,m Fortwt, (^o. Wt^xford, wan hi
flrandi'atlwr, III^ was educated at Blire.WB-
bury School, and Ixuuimo aca<l^t intlus Bengal
arniy in IH^H. Ho was tranHlcrrcd to Maul-
main iti IKU, wan promoted litMitcnant in
lH;$S,and accompanied the oxpadil'ion against,
the Wa-liiwtrilwin 1H-IL He was noininatcd
in 1 H i() principal usHiwt.ftnttotl,i(( i (mnnifiHioncr
of tlie TomiHMorim j>roviuc<w of .Lowtir Burma,
, and thuM formed IU'H finst connect ion with that,
conn try, with which his later life was mainly
aHHociate.d, I In rejoined IUH rogimont, and
accompanied it to the Punjab In 1848; but
in 18 It) he returned to Burma a captain and
eommiaMumer of Arakari, and a.s aHHi^tant to
Oaptain (ufterwardB Sir Awjlubald) Bop;le.
In Arakah ho was well tniintKl in the detail a
of civil admitii.st ration, and his spare time
wan employed in acquiring 1 an intimate know-
ledge of the Burmese language* lie was
transferred in 1853 to the commiamonership
of IVffii (in Lower Burma) on its annexation
after the Rccond Burmese war. ^The province
flourished under his rule, and his success wad
emphatically acknowledged by Lord Canning-
in 18/56. During his tenure of this office in
1854 he accompanied as interpreter the mis-
sion sent by the king of Burma to the
governor-general of India, and in 1857 was
sent to Amtirapura in charge of a mission
Phayre
142
Phayre
to tho Burmese court with Dr. John Forsyth,
of Afghanistan and Jalalabad famt% and
Thomas Oldluim [q. v.] t superintendent; of
tho Geological Survey of India, and Cap-
tain (afterwards fetti 1 Henry) Yule aw secre-
tary, Tho desired treaty was not ohtained ;
but information of much value concerning
tho country, tho people, and their govorn~
mont wan collected (see Yule's Report).
Phayre was promoted major in 1855, and
lieutenant-colonel in 1H/31), In IHlW the
province of British Burma was formed hy
combining the divisions known as Arakan,
Irawadi, IVgu, and Tenassorim, and Phayre
was appointed chief commissioner, lie was
made 0.1 i. in ,180,'$. 1Hs success attracted
tho favourable attention of Sir John Law-
rotice, who, when Phayrc contemplated de-
parture on sick leave, wrote on l! l<Vb. ISO?
expressing his deep regret, and recommended
him for the distinction ofK.O.S.I. Phayre
left "Burma in tho course of that year, and
never returned, UisMueccHsor,Oolonel Albert
Vytchtt, justly reported that, his administra-
tion was throughout conspicuously wise and
consoumt ions.
During* his absence on leave (February
18(18) ho declined Sir Stafford Northoote's
offer of the post of resident at Ifnidurahad,
one of the best appointments in India. Next
year ho travelled to India, visit ed Kashmir,
China, Japan, and America., and, returning 1
homo in 1870, settled at Bray, near Dublin,
for four yours. Uc was promoted major-
general in 1870, and lieutenant-general in
1877. In 1874 he 'was appointed by Lord
Carnarvon to be, governor of tho Mauritius.
II is administration, wns both successful and
popular, and hoheldoflice till tho end of 1878,
when he retired from tho army and was
created G.O.iM.U. Settling- again at Bray,
he employed himself in compiling the. * His-
tory of Burma/ which he. published in 1B8J5,
The, book is an excellent piece of work,
founded chiefly on the ' Maluirdjawcng, 7 or
i Chronicles of the Kings of Burma,' and on
other Burmese authorities, One of his last
public acts was to write a letter to tho
* Times '(!'* Oct. 1885) intimating his ap-
proval of the annexation of independent
Upper Burma, He died unmarried at Bray
on 14 Dec. 1,885, and was buried at Kuuis-
kerry.
1'iiavro was tall, dignified in bearing, and
exclusively courteous in manner. By bin
firmness, justice, and liberality he "built up
the pprwtt province of Burma, whore his name
became a household word,
There is a portrait of Phayro in uniform,
painted by Sir Thomas Jones, P.R.H.A., in
the colfec-room of the East India United
Service Hub, and n statue lias boon erected
to his memory in Rangoon.
Phuyre's publicatmnr;, besides the ' History
of .Burma/ an, *(\)ins of Araknn, of Pegu,
and of Burma* (part, of the * International
Numismata Ori<Mitalia''), lWS^ r lto, and nuiny
papers detailed in the * Proceedings of the
Uoyal (uuin-raphieal Society' (I8Sl'^ p. Ill ).
[Information kindly furnished by IUH brother,
Sir Uohert Plmyro, K,(\B, ; Yuli^s Narrativo
of Major Phayre'M Mission t< tl> rVnirtof Ava
((Uleuttn, IHoO); Prneceilin^s of tho Royal
(loo^rapliical Society, 1SHO, viii. ID!? liJ, obir*
notu'o by Colonel VuU\| \V, B.T.
or rifAlRK, U( )BMUT
(KilOh 1 l(58ii), reo'ieil(, possibly a son of
'Mnununnel Phatre, who in KUii became reel or
of Kilslumn% co, ( -ork, wa born about U510,
for on --I March Hi"il his ag'o \t\ report (d an
thirty-live, He eame into prominence in
connection with the outbreak of tin* Hecond
civil war. In February U51H he held a com-
mand UH lieutenant-colonel in the south of
Ireland, when he \vart arrested, with three
otheroilicers, for refusing to join tho royalist
risinjjf under Mnrrou^h O'Brien, first earl of
[<j.v. ((/,\RTH, Lift* of Ormonde^
J5(i), On . Oct. thonu lour Avero ex
ul for h)ehi|uiti ! H son, and brought- to
Bristol in December by Admiral Perm, whence
Phayro made his way to London. Tho warrant;
for the execution of Charles was addressed,
on iii) Jan. 1019, to Colonel Francis Hacker
[(j, v.J, Oolonel HonHtlcs Huneks, and Lieu-
tenant-colonel Phayre, He was present! on
the ."50th at Whitehall when the orders wero
drawn up for the executioner, I,n April he
was given command of a Kentish regiment.
to join (VoiMwcll*H expedition to Ireland, In
November the- town of Voughal capitulated
to him, uml ho was made one of the, com-
missioners for settling" Munstor, On 10 April
1(550 he took part, tinder Broghill, in the
victory at Maoroom over tho royalist forces
under Boethius MacK^au, the. Roman ca-
tholic bishop of UOHS. Next year (1051 ) he
WUH appointed governor of Cork county,
and held this ollien till 1(J"4, lie was a
parliamentary republican, dissatisfied with
the rule of the army olHeers, and unfriendly
to the protectorate, lie soonm to have re-
tired to Rofttellan Castle, co. Cork.
In 10f>() Henry Cromwell reported that
Phayro waft attending quaker meetings. Ho
docs not appear to have become a member
of the Society of Friends, though one of his
daughters (by his first wife) married a Friend,
It is somewhat remarkable that Phayre, him-
self married, as IUH second wife, Elizabeth,
second daughter of Sir Thomas Herbert
Phnyre M
(l(H)l) lli^'J) | ({, v, J, the faithful attendant ou
Charles 1 in bis last bourn. The marriage j
took place on H> Au^. U.">S at, St, NVerbnr^h's, 1
Dublin, On S July U55t) the committee of |
anfety f*"avo Phayre a commission an colonel
of foot to serve under laidlow in Ireland.
At- the Restoration In* was arrested in Cork i
(1H May !<>()()), and went prisoner to Dublin.
Thence ho was removed to London, and sent ,
to the. Tower in June. Ho doubtless owed
lusHlo,nudt he easy treatment heoxperiom'<"d,
to his connection with Herbert; ( Munearty,
whose life ho had spared, also pleaded for !
him. On l! Nov. (Hacker had been banned I
onlOOel,; Hnne.kH bad saved himself by
g'ivm^ evidence) he petitintied tho privy
council to release his estate from .sequestra- i
t-ion, and permit- bun to return to Ireland.
This was not granted, but in December the
sequestration was taken off his Irish estates,
and he was g'tvcnthe liberty of the Tower on
parole, On -{July 1(5(11 he was released for!
one month, on a blind of 5i,(K)OA; ho was not
to jjfo beyond the bouse and gardens of Her-
bert, his father-in-law, in Petty K ranee,
Westminster, On H) July another month's
ahticncc was permitted him, with leave to f(0
ro the country for bis health, On L'K Keb,
HKiiJ howjis allowed to remove to Herbert's
hoiiM for three, months After this beseems ;
to have plained his liberty* It wan at this I
foriod tbat he made, tho ae.quamtanco of I
jodowie.ko Mu^'lelon |q, v,], whose tenet'fl
he adopted, Some time ni lo'lW 1m brought
Mu^letou to Herbert^ ho u, so and intrrxluc.od
him to his wife, who also became a convert.
Tluur example was followed by their daugh-
ters Klizaboth and Mary, and llmir son-in-
law, Oeorg'n (taml>h\ n nhircliaut in Cork',
and formerly a (Mwkor,
On April fO(>f> Pliayre was living* at
Onhormoro, co, Cork, when hn was vimitiHl by
YulenthwU reat rakes [q. v."], the strokor, who
liarlflorvod inlii.sre^imentin 1049, (^roat rakes
cured him in a linv ininntes of an acute
ag'ue,. In IH(5(> Phaynvwa-H implicated n tho
abortive plot for seizing Dublin Oastlo. l^otb
1'hiiyro and his family corresponded with
Mug-g'loton, Pbayrn's iirst letter to Mu#tfle-
ton waa datfscl t^() March 1070; his .second
letter (Dublin, "27 *May 1075) waft sent by
(j'r<jfttralcs, who wan on a visit to London
and Devonshire,
Phayre died at the Oran#o, near Cork, in
1682, probably in September; ho was buried
in the baptist graveyard at Cork, Ilia will,
elated 13 Sept. 1 08:2, 'was proved in November.
By his first wife, whoso name is not known
(but is traditionally said to have been (Ramble),
lie had a son, Onesiphorua, whose wife, Eliza-
beth Phayre, died in 170^ ;, a daughter Eliaa-
Phclips
beth, married to Uiehard .Farmer, and a
daughter Mary, married to George Gamble.
By his see.ond wife, who was living on :2o May
1(580 (the (lute of her last, hitter to Mu^'gle-
ton), he, had throo sons: Thomas ((1. 1710),
Alexander Herbert (//. 175:!), and John, anil
throe, daughters.
| ('ill. Stain Papers, Dom. KMO-dl; Smith's
( 1 oi'k, 1774, 5, '20f>, ii, 175, 17H; Heevu mul
'Mu^le ton's Spiritual Kpistle.s, 17'3<" ; Snpjilc-
inent, to tho Hook of Lotties, 18IH ; Wisbh's
l (1 ellH of Hwartlnuoor, 18(17, pp Oosq.; Coutunl
15o"k of tlio ('orporntiiMi of (lork (OauHlclil),
1H7(I, p. I KM; O'llarl's Irish suul Atmlo^JriHli
Lauded (Jetil.ry, tS8't, p. lo; (Jork Historical
and Arehu'oliuiu'al Journal, Juno 180IJ, pp, 'M9
HO,,; Nolosnnd Quo-new, ">th wor, xii. 47, Jill,
Oth Her, ii. 150, iv, '2!]"i, U71 ; Liullow's Motuoirs,
ed, Kirt.h ; extracts from family i>apW8 t'nriiisluitl
(1871) by \V. ,1. O'Uonnova.n, CHI}., a dcsceudant.
of Out'siphoiMiH I'luiyi'e,.] A, tit*
PHMLIPS. [S(v also PUIUH\S,
.Piiu.tJrrM, and PJUUJPS, ]
PHEL1PS, SIR KU \VAHI)
KH-I), s|)(vike,r of tho House- of Couinions
atul master of the, rolls, was fourth and
youiitfOHUou of Thomas Pholips (IfjCJO-lWS)
of Montacuto, Sonu k rset, by his wife, 101'ixa-
both (d, 151)8), daughter of John Smyt'ho
of Long Anhton in the, samo county, His
father stood jyodfathor to Tluntias 'Ooryattj
[q, v,*], and ' iuipoaecl upon him' the tiamo
Taom'as. Kdward was born about 1500, for
according to (lory ate, "who refers to him as
* my illustrious Mn?conas/ ho was ' 51 or
tluireaboutH 7 in 1013. lie does not appear
to have boon, aa 'Kosw wng^ostB, tlio Edward
Philipps who graduated H,A, in 1570, and
M.A, on (i Feb. 15H^-.H Iroiu Broadgafcos
Hall, Oxford. Ho joined the Middle, Temple,
whore, ho was autinnu rouclcir in 1590, In
1001 ho (tutored })arliam(uit as knight of tho
Hhiro for Rom<.rft<'rt,, On 11 Fob. 100^3 he
was named Horj(aut-at4aw, but, owing to
tho qiuuui's death, did not proceed to Iria
degree, until tho following' roigu, On 1 7 May
he, was made king's serjeant and knight eel.
In November lu^ took part in the trial of Sir
"Walter .Raleigh, but; did not share in 'the
brutal manner iri which Coke conducted tho
proHooution.' lie was re-elocted to parlia-
ment lor Somorwd 1 . on 11 Fob, 1603-4, and
on 10 March was elected speaker, Accord-
ing to Sir Julius Cwsar, ho was 'the most
worthy and jndicioua speaker since 2ti Eliza-
beth.' " Though liiH orations to the king were
tedious, he did { his best to Jielp the king's
business through on some critical occasions/
On 17 July 1604 lie was granted the oflico
of luatice of common pleas in the county
palatine of Lancaster, In this capacity he
Phelips
watt Tory active against, the cat holier On
ono occasion he condemned a man to death
' 'simply for entertaining a Jesuit,* ami is said
to have declared that, as the law stood, all
who were present when mass was celebrated
were guilty of felony. Ho was one of those
appointed to examine the 'gunpowder plot 1
conspirators, and in January U)()t> opened the
indictment against (iny Fawkes, Mo was
also chancellor to Prince Henry. ^Ou^Per,,
"JG08 he was granted the reversion of the
mastership of the rolls, but, did not -succeed
to the, oiliee until January Hill. ^ Yeivertou,
(Joke, and Montagu all spoke highly of his
conduct as a judge,, though thcJasUidinitted
that/ he was 'over wwift in judging/ ^On
14 July lOlJJ ho wan appointed ranger of all
royal forests, parks, and chases in Kngland.
"Besides his house iu Chancery Lane, and
another at Wanstead, Rssex, where he enter
tained thelciug, Phelips builtalarjfe, mansion
at Montacuto, which is still stiuuling, and^ in
the possession of his descendants, He died
on 1 1 Sept. 1(514, having married, (irst, Mar
garet (d.2ti April ir>!)()) t daughter of Robert
Nowdegato of Newdegate, Surrey, by whom
ho had two sons, Sir Robert [q. v. ) and
Francis; secondly, Klixabeth (//,' !2(> March
l(Wrt), daughter of Thomas Pigott of Doder-
sail, Buckinghamshire. There is a portrait,
of rhelips at Mont acute House.
(Philips MSS.prosiirvodat Mtmtaouto House,
and efthmdawl in Hist, MSM, Ccwim, Jlrd Rep.
App. ; Cal, Statu Papers, Dom, Scr. HUM .U ;
Winwood's State Pa,fwrH, ii. 30, &c. ; Commons
Journal*, passim; Parl, Hist i, tt9, KMS, <Su\ ;
Statn Trials, ii, 104, 1002, 1073, 1070 ; Otnuial
Kc,t'um,H of Mombors of Parl. ; Nichols's Pro-
gresses ofr' Jane's J ; Ooryuti^H Oruditios, pnsHim j
ISpoiiding's Lif' atul Letters of lUcon, iv. 67,
210; I hi ^Halo's OriginuH, p, 218; FOSS'H Juilgt'H
of Kngland; Sandford'8 nuiMilog. Hist, p, flOtf ;
Manning'HSpojikcrH; .'lardiiio'w Ounpowdor Plot,
p. 45 j Morris's Troubhw of our (Catholic Koro-
fath^rfl, iJrd ser. pp. 4i r >l2 ; Visitation of Horner-
Hut (Hmi. Soc.)) P' ^^> ; Mmoaloninil OollwtionH
of lioman Catholic Kamilien, d. J. J. ITowartl,
pt. ii. JNo. iv. ; Uardinor'n Hint, of Kugbind,]
FHELIPS, Sm IIOUKIIT (IfiBOP-HJiW),
parliaintintarian, (dde.at son of Sir Edward
Phelips [q, v.'], and his first wife Margaret,
daughter of Robert Newdegate of Nowde-
cato, Surrey, is .said to have been born in 158(5,
Ho entered parliament as member for East
Looe, Cornwall, in 1003-4, and Rat iu it till
its dissolution on Feb. ,1610-11, In H503'
he was knighted with his father. In July
1613 ho was travelling in Prance, and in
the same year was granted the, next vacancy
in the clerkship of the petty bag, Iu April
4 Phelips
HIM he was elected In parliament as member
for Saltash, Cornwall, and made some mark
by joining in the attack on Riehanl NVtte
[q. v. |, then bishop of Lincoln, tor bin speech
in the House of Lords retlcctin^ on the com-
mons* In Hil"> he \v(nt to Spain in attend-
aneeou John I >i^by t afterwards Marl of Bristol
|(|, v. |, who was en<;'njL>vd in negotiating the
Spanish mutch* He kept a diary of his move-
ments for a few days (printed in ///V. 3/SX
(\wirn. 1st Hep. App, pp. fS) 150), nnd wrote
an essay on the tie^otiatiim, which Is amon<,><
the mnnnNcrints ut Montnctito House, Pro-
bably, like Ih^'by, he was not. favourably dis-
posed towards it ,
In ItiiM PbelipH was returned i(\ par-
liament) as member for Bath, and at. once
took a prominent part in its proceedings.
On r> Feb. he ncciiHed tht* catholics of re-
joicing at l^rederickV defeat- in Bohemia, and
meditating a second * gunpowder plot. 1 It
was on his motion (' March) that the house
turned its attention to the patent for fjfold
and silver threml; he served on the com-
mittee ap|)itinte<l to inquire into the matter,
and brought np its report, which furnished
the main charges ngaiast- Sir (Hh\s Mom-
pi\Mson |<|, v,| ((}, \IUHN Kit, iv. -17), In tbc,
rtamt 1 ! month hi* starved as chairman of the com-
mittee to inquire into the elmrVH of bribery
brought against Bacon; on tht v 17lh he pn-
8ent(nl its report in anpeech of ^roal force and
moderation, and wan ordered to lay the evi-
dence before the House of Lords, In Maybe
was one of thelirst tour^'e the- house to punish
Kdward Floyd [((, v, | In November he warmly
attacked Spain, and proposed to withhold
,'s later hf^ supported the
commons.' petition against the catholics and
supplies; a few dayn
the Spanislj marriage, l^or his share in these
proceedingH he wan on I Ja<n, \(\*2*2 arrcstcdut
Mont acute, whither he had retired, and on
tin* liith iniprinoned in the Tower, Il( k re he
remained, in spite, of his brother's petition,
until 10 Aug.
In January Hf-tt !, when James wan in-
duced to mumuon another parliament, he
insisted that Pholips and others should be
exeluded, Hie-Hps was, however, elected for
Somerset, and allowed to Jake* hiH^eat, pro-
bably by Buckingham's intercession. He
agaiii demanded war with Spain, but wime
into no open collision with the court, In
the first parliament of the new reign Phelips
again sat for Somen-uit, and assumed an atti-
tude, of pronounced hostility to Buckingham,
In tho (irst days of the Hion Jut supported
an abortive, motion for hmncdiate adjonrn-
HI ont, m order to defer the grant ing of twppl'u w,
A few days later he carried a motion that
two ub,Hidies only should be granted. Ou
. Phelips
145
Thelps
5 July lie wished the house to discuss the
question of impositions, and rebutted the
king's claim to impose duties on merchandise
at will. He also objected to the liberation
of priests at the request of foreign ambas-
sadors, In August, when parliament reas-
sembled at Oxford, Phelips pursued his former
policy. On 10 Aug., in a high strain of elo-
quence, he defined the position taken up by
he commons, and laid down the lines on
which the struggle was fought until the Long
parliament (FoRSTEK, Life of Eliot, i. 239-
241). Next day parliament was dissolved.
' As far as the history of such an assembly
can be summed up in the name of any single
man, the history of the Parliament of 1625
is summed up in the name of PhelipS. . . .
At Oxford he virtually assumed that unac-
knowledged leadership which was all that
the traditions of Parliament at that time per-
mitted. It was Phelips who placed the true
issue of want of confidence beibre the House '
(GAEDINEE, v. 432).
Another parliament was summoned for
6 Feb. 1625-6. Phelips was naturally one
of those pricked for sheriff to prevent their
election as members. Nevertheless he se-
cured his election, and attempted in vain to
take his seat (FonsiEE). In the same year
he was struck off the commission of the peace
for Somerset, and refused to subscribe to the
forced loan. In March 1627-8 he was once
more returned for Somerset. He was present
at a meeting of the leaders at Sir Robert
Cotton's house a few days before the session
began, and again took an active part in
the proceedings of the house. He protested
against the sermons of Sibthorpe and Main-
waring, and was prominent in the debates
on the petition of right, but the informal
position of leader was taken by Sir John El ipt.
From this time Phelips is said to have in-
clined more towards the court. In 1620
Charles wrote, urging him to look to the
interest of the king rather than to the favour
of the multitude, and in 1633 he sided with
the court against the puritans on the question
of suppressing wakes. In the same year he
protested his devotion to the king, and was
again put on the commission for the peace,
But in 1635 he took ^rt in resisting the
collection of ship-money. He died ' of a cold,
choked with phlegm/ and was buried at Mon-
tacute on 13 April 1638.
Phelips was an impetuous, ' busy, active
man, whose undoubted powers were not
always under the control of prudence.' Ac-
cording to Sir .John Eliot, his oratory was
ready and spirited, but was marred by 'a
.redundancy and exuberance,' and l an affected
cadence and delivery ; ' he had ' a voice of
VOL, ILV.
much sweetness,' and spoke extempore. A
portrait by Vandyck, preserved at Montacute,
represents him holding a paper which formed
the ground of the impeachment of Bacon. He
married Bridget, daughter of Sir Thomas
Gorges, knt., of Longford, Wiltshire. By her
he had four daughters and three sons, of whom
the eldest, Edward (1613-1679), succeeded
him, became a colonel in the royalist army,
and had his estates sequestrated. The second
son Robert also became a colonel in the
royalist army, helped Charles II to escape
after the battle of Worcester, was groom of
the bedchamber to him, M.P. for Stockbridge
1660-1, and Andover 1684-5, and chancellor
of the duchy of Lancaster from 25 May 1087
till 21 March 1689. He died in 1707; being
buried in Bath Abbey. The notes he drew
up of Charles's escape are in Addit. MS.
31955, f. 16.
[Gal. State Papers, Born. Ser. 1603-35, passim ;
Hist. MSS. Comm. App. 1st and 3rd Rep. passim,
12th Bep. App, pt. i. p. 464; 13th Rep. App,
pt. vii, passim; Brit, Mus. Addit. MSS. 31955
f. 16, 32093 f. 32, 34217 f 15; Journals of
House of Commons, passim; D'Ewes's Journals ;
Parl. Hist. ; Official .Return of Members of Par-
liament; Strafford Papers, i 30-1, ii. 164;
Nichols's Progresses of James I, i, 207, 213 .;
Archseologia, xxxv. 343 ; Spe<ldine;'s Btieon, v,
61/66, vii. passim; Footer's Life of Eliot,
throughout; Gardiner's Hist.of England, passim ;
Metcalfe's Book of Knights ; G-eriealccru-al Col-
lections of Catholic Families, ed. Howard; Visita-
tion of Somersetshire (Hurl. fc>oi-.) ; Burka's
Landed Gentry.] A. F. P.
PHELPS, JOHN (/. 1049), regicide,
matriculated at Corpus Christi College, Ox-
ford, on 20 May 16;>ti, describing himself as
aged 17, and the son of Kobert Phelps of
Salisbury (FosTEB, Alumni Oxon. 1st ser. p.
1155). His first employment seems to have
been that of clerk to the committee for
plundered ministers, On-1 Jan. 1648-9 he
was appointed clerk-assistant to Henry
Elsing, clerk of the House of Commons,
and on 8 Jan. was selected as one of the
two clerks of the high court of justice which
sat to try Charles I (Commons' Journals, vi.
107 ; NALSON, Trial of Charles I, 1682, pp.
7, 9), The original journal of the court,
attested under the hand of Phelps, and pre-
sented by the ""judges to the House oF Com-
mons, was published by John Nalson in 1682
(ib. p. xiv ; Commons 1 Journals, vi. 608). In
1650 Phelps was called to the bar at the
Middle Temple. On 14 Oct. 1652 he was
made clerk to the committee of parliament
chosen to confer with the deputies of Scot-
land on the question .of the union ( CaL State,
Papers, Dora. 1651-2, p. 4S9). He was em-
Phelps
ployed as official notMukor at tho trial of
Vowell and ISox in 1(551-, and was alo con-
cerned in the trial of SHngHby and Hewitt
m 1(558 0?;. 1(554 p. 1>,T>, ltJ/58-9 p, 11),
From 7 to H- May 1050 he again acted as
clwk of tho IIou.se of Commons (OwmoW
Journalsj vii. 041, (JfJO), By thowo dilFoivnt
euiploymmitH PholpM matlo miHioimit money
to pnrclwHo a part of the manor of Haunt oil
Court, whuvh wan bought from him in (55-1
for tho uses of the Protector (CW. iState
Papery Dom, 11)54, pp. 1HO, L^K
At the, Restoration the I f oiuse of Commons
included Phc.lps and liLs fellow-clerk Hnwgh-
ton among the regteiden, and on 14 May I (UK)
voted their arre,st (Common^ Jow'tKtfa, viii.
Si<7). Prynno was onlennl to secure all the
public documents which wow umon# tho
papers of Phclpw, and IIIH ^oods woro nlso
iK(d (#. pp, !J7, Jty !,% -17), On June* it
was further voted that he should bo exeeptod
from the Act of Indemnity for future punish-
ment by somo penalty leww than death; nutl
on 1 July 10(J1 he waa attainted, m company
with twenty-one dead re^'icideM (M. pp, (JO,
286). Plwlpw, however, succeeded in evading
all pursuit, and lu 1 OCW ho wan at I ^aiiHau ne. in
company with Ludlow, At the close of tha,t
your he and Colonel John Busr.oci bought
goods at Geneva and other places, and TO-
solved to try to make a livelihood by trading
in Germany and Holland (, LUDLOW, M<^
twin, li, iJ4't,(uL 181)4), In 1(500 he uppoars
to have been in Holland, and hia namo'wan
included in a list of exiles Hummoncd on
21 July to surrender tlu^maelves within a
given time to tlao Enffliwh govtu'ixmont; (Cat.
AVa/rt Pappn, Dom. 166/3--(l, pp. JJ42, 348,
i^oB), The date and the place of hia death
are unknown, A tablet to liis memory was
erected a few years a^o in St. Martin's ( "fuireh,
Vevay (Ltri)ow, ii, 5,13 ; Notes and Qwm,
5th ser. vi, 13).
[AuthoxitiAg cited in text,] 0. H. F,
PHELPS, SAMUEL (1804-1878), actor,
fche seventh child and wecond son of Robert
M. Phelps and his wife Ann, daughter of
Captain Turner, was born 13 Feb. 1804, at
1 St. Aubyn Street, Plymouth Dock, now
known as Devonport. Coming of a Somer-
set stock, he was both by his father's and
mother's side connected with people of posi-
tion and atfiuence, His father's occupation
was to supply outfits to naval officers. A
younger brother, Eobert Phelps (1808-1890),
was a good mathematician. He graduated
B.A. from Trinity College, Cambridge, and
took holy orders. In 1633 he was elected
fellow of Sidney Sussex, and from 1848 till
his death was master of that college.
ifi Phelps
Samuel was educated in his native town,
and at a school at Saltiwh kept by 1 )r. Samuel
Recce, Left, an orphan at wLUeen, ho wan
Hheitered by bis eldo.st brother, who put him
in thoolliee.of the, ' Plymouth Herald,' where
ho wan employed as junior reader to the presn,
In hwxeventoonth year ho tried MM fortunes hi
the ( Sun * nowHpapotu Pholp.s had acquired
theatrical tauten, had made tho acquaintance
of Douglas Jen-old, and of William Ktlward
Love [q, v."| tho * polyphoniHt/ and was, with
thorn, a member of an amateur theatrical
company giving' frequent perfonnanoeH at a
private theatre in RavvHtorne Street, Olorken-
well, At the Olympic ho made, in IUM twenty-
Hoe.ond year, an appearanen HH an amateur,
playing KuHtaeho de Smnt Pierre in tho
* Surrender of (Main,' uiul tho Count, of
Vnlmont in the * Foundling of tho KoroMt/
I I'm HUCCOHM induced him to take to tho
Hta^o JIM an occupation, and having' firnh
married, 11 Autf, 18i!(^ at; St, (jeor^e,\s
Church, ( v huv*n Square, Hlo(jm,sbnry, Sarah
Cooper, Htfod^siNtot'U, lit* nectqjleif an en-
^a^einent of <ightton shillings a w< k ok on tho
York circuit, In IHiJO \u\ acquired at Shef-
li(ld Home popularity in part-H HO divorm, us
King- John, Norvul* and Uohllinch in (,lm
'Uoad to Ruin,' In 1S;W he onliHtod under
Watkln Btirroug'h,s for tho Belfa,st, Pros! on,
and Dundee theatraM, and HulKsoqnontly
und<^r Ryder for Abenlce;n t Perth, and lu-
vorneHH, pliiyinf? in tho northwuwoul towns
tho Doug-al Creature to Rythir'H ,Rob Hoy
and Sir Archy AIcSarcnHin in 'Lovo u la
Mode, 1 llo was noxt hoard of in 'Worth ing,
and thoniu Kxeter and Plymouth, Ho was
now announced as a tragudiau, playing
King Lear and Sir Giloa Overreach, Vir-
giniuR, Richard III, Tago, Sir Edward Morti-
mer in the ' Iron Cluwt/ and incurred tho
gonoral fato of being advanced aw a rival to
Kean. Thin flatt(*ring comparison ho sup-
ported by taking in JDovonport, where he
played, tho lodgings pr(viou,sly occupied by
ICean, Advances came from Buun foV
Drury Lane, Wobater for tho Hay market, and
Macroady for Ooyent Garde.n. In tho nd
Phelpfl signed with Macroady, who came
to Southampton on 14 Aug. and saw him
in the * Iron Chest/ The engagement w*ts
to begin at Covent Garden in. "tho following-
October,
In the interval Phelps played a short sea-
son at the Haynaarkat under Webster. On,
28 Aug. 18.37, as ' Mr, Phelps from Exeter,' he
made at that playhouse, as Shylock, his first
appearance ii\ London. II is reception was
favourable, and he was credited by the prw
with judgment and experience, as well as a
Phelps
147
Phelps
good face, figure, and voice. Sir Edward
Mortimer, Hamlet, Othello, and Richard III
followed.
On 27 Oct., as Jaffier in ' Venice Preserved,'
to the Pierre of Macready, Phelps made his
de"but at Covent Garden. This was succeeded
by Othello to Macready's lago. Difficulties
followed, and Phelps, bound by his engage-
ment for the next two years, was cast for
secondary characters : Macduff, Cassius, First
Lord in ' As you like it,' Dumont in ' Jane
Shore,' Antonio in the ' Tempest,' Father
Joseph (an original part) in t Richelieu,' and
Charles d'Albret in ' Henry V.' He was also
seen in ' Rob Roy.' At the Hay market
(August 1839 to January 1840) he alternated
with Macready the parts of Othello and lago
to the Desdemona of Miss Helen Faucit. His
Othello was then and subsequently preferred
to that of Macready, to which it was indeed
superior. Master Walter in the ' Hunch-
back 7 and Jaques in * As you like it ' were
also played.
In January 1840 Phelps, with Macready,
Mrs. "Warner, and Miss Faucit, was engaged
for Drury Lane by W. J. Hammond, whose
management soon proved a failure, and the sea-
son closed in March. During this period Phelps
played Gabor to Macready's Werner, Darnley
in ' Mary Stuart/ and Joseph Surface. Cast at
the Hayinarket in 1841 for Friar Laurence in
' Romeo and Juliet, 7 he fumed, resigned his en-
gagement, and wrote to the' Spectator,' giving
his reasons for his action. D uring two months
of 1841 he superintended at the Lyceum the
performance of ' Martinum ' (the 'Patriot'),
'37 George Stephens, enacting the Cardinal
Regent, Mrs. Warner being the Queen-Mother.
The representation strengthened greatly the
reputation of both players. After visiting the
country, and 'starring 7 at the Surrey, he en-
gaged with Macready for three years, reduced
subsequently to two, at Drury Lane. Here
he was seen in the first season as Antonio
in the ' Merchant of Venice/ the Ghost in
* Hamlet/ and other characters, In the fol-
lowing season came Adam in * As you like it/
Belarius in ' Cymbeline/Stukeley, Gloucester
in { Jane Shore/ Hubert in ' King John/ Mr.
Oakley in the ' Jealous Wife/ Leonato in
' Much Ado about Nothing/ &c. On 8 Feb.
1842 he was the original Captain Channel in
Jerrold's ' Prisoners of War j ' on 10 Dec. the
original Lord Lynterne in Westland Mar-
ston's ' Patrician's Daughter/ and on 11 Feb.
1843 the original Lord Tresham in Brown-
ing's ' Blot on the 'Scutcheon ; ' 24 April saw
him as the first Lord Byerdale in Knowles's
* Secretary/ and, 18 May, Dunstan in Smith's
' Athelwold.' At the Haymarket, meanwhile,
he had been, in 1842, the first Almagro in
Knowles's 'Rose of Arragon.' In the autumn
of 1843 he played at Covent Garden, under
Henry Wallack, Gaston de Foix in Bouci-
cault's ' Woman.'
During these years Phelps had risen steadily
1 in public estimation. His portrait as Hubert
was painted by Sir William Charles Ross [q.v/
for t be queen. William Leman Rede [<} v."
declared his Almagro a magnificent piece of 1
1 acting; and Jerrold, in ' Punch/ with charac-
teristic ill-nature, declared that Phelps on
the Haymarket stage had publicly presented
Charles Kean with an extinguisher. Mac-
ready at the close of the engagement gave
Phelps 300/., and tried vainly to secure him
as a companion on a proposed American
trip.
After some representations in the north of
England, Phelps took advantage, in May 1844,
of the removal by the legislature of the pri-
vileges of the patent theatres to open jointly
with Mrs. Warner and Thomas Greenwood the
theatre at Sadler's Wells. He was the first
actor to make such an experiment, and whila
the poetical drama was at its lowest ebb in
the theatres of the west end, he succeeded in
filling the ' little theatre ' in Islington, and in
' making Shakespeare pay ' for nearly twenty
years. This period of management constitutes
the most enterprising and distinguished por-
tion of Phelps's career, and his chief claim
to distinction. He was an intelligent and
spirited manager, and Sadler's Wells became
a recognised home of the higher drama,
and, to some extent, a training school for
actors.
The experiment began on Monday, 27 May
1844, with * Macbeth/ Phelps playing the
Thane, and Mrs. Warner Lady Macbeth,
The performance won immediate recogni-
tion. Later in the first season Phelps was
seen in Othello, the Stranger, Mr. Oakley,
Werner, Shylock, Sir Peter Teazle, Sir An-
thony Absolute, Hamlet, Virginius, Julian
St. Pierre in Knowles's 'Wife/ Melantius
in the ' Bridal/ Sir Giles Overreach, King
John, Luke in Massinger's 'City Madam/
Claude Melnotte, Don Felix in the ' Won-
der/ Richard III in the original play of
Shakespeare instead of that of Gibber, which
had long held possession of the stage, Rover
in ' Wild Oats/ Nicholas Flarn in Buckstone's
piece so named, Frank Heartall in the ' Sol-
dier^ Daughter/ Sir Edward Mortimer, and
Cardinal Wolsey, and played in the 'Priest's
Daughter/ by T. J. Serle. In many of these
characters he had been seen before ; one 01
two were wholly unstated to him, and more
than one were monopolised by Macready,
Much hard work is, however, represented in
these successive productions, all of them wel]
Phelps i
supported by a company including Goorg'e
Jcmn Bonnett [q.v/] t Ilonrv JVlarston, Jane
Mordaunt (a wist or of Mrs. Niabott), and Miss
Ooopr. Mrs. War nor was at t-ho ontsot. all
but invariably tho heroine. Among roprcv-
ptintatioiiH in tho following 1 HIMIHOH woro Wil-
liam Toll, Henri IV in Sullivan'H * Kin^'.s
Friend' (an original part, iil May lH4f>) f
* Kicholio.u/ BevtTloy in tho * Gamontor/
Bomont in the * Fatal Dowry 1 (porlmpH IUH
pfroatOHt quftfli-tra^iopart), Uolla in ' Pijsarro/
tjwir, LtumUiH, Kvolyn in* Monoy/ and Jlast-
inpfM in Maun Show/' In 184(5-7 Mr. Warmer
rotirodfroinitiana^omont. TlioUioatreoponod
with tho 'First, Part of Kinp Tltmry l\ r /
Phelpw playinpfKalMtail'j Oroswlok making, ua
Tio^pur, bin iir.st appoaraiutci in London, and
IMrK. 1L Ma.rston phiyinj^ .MiHtrt^sH (Quickly*
Pholpa'8 charactnrs iucludod J Brutus, Mor-
daunt in tho ' Pat-riciun'H Dau^htor' (lUisa
Addiwon appearing 1 as Liuly Mabol ), Moivaitio,
thu Duko in ' MtuiHiiro for Moasuro/ Damon
in 'Damon and 1'ythia.s/ Adrastus in Tl
fourd'w ' Ton/ Arbacow in i A, Kin^' and no
King ' of Boaumont and Flo.tchnr, not noon
since 1788, On IB Fob, 1H17 ho productvl,
for tho fiwt timos/FoudalTimioH/ by tho Rov.
Jam CM Whit-o [<|. v], and playod Walt'.or (loc.h-
rane [ICarl of M ar |" Pro^poro, Uoubnn ( J Ion-
roy in' Morton's * Town and Country/ Bortram
in Matnnn's * Bortram/ and tlu^ "Provowt in
Lovoll'a 4 Provost of lirugow ' followed, The
Boaspn 1847-8 oponod with * Oyml)oUno/
1'helps playing .Loonatus (i5 4 i Nov.) 'On 3 Nov.
lie was tho original John Wavilo in Whit<^
* John Sayilo oJ* Ilaysto.d/ ()n %7 Dec, 1 84-7,
in mounting' ' Macbeth/ ho disptinKod, for tho
first time since tlio Kostoration, witlx the wing-
ing witchefl, JaquoH foilowud, and aftor tliat
Malvolio anclFalstaffin the ' Merry Wivoa of
Windsor/ Next season (1848 -0) opened with
'Ooriolanus/ Isabella Glyn [q. y."] now ro-
placed MisH Addiaon, for Pholprt did not koop
jitifl leading actreflSM lonff, Lo.on in Boaumont
and Fletcher^ t Kule a Wife and havo a Wife '
followed, and was Bucceodod bv tho 'Jlotuist
Man's Fortune/ altered by E, JL Home from
Beaumont and Fletcher, in which Pholps
played Montague. On 10 May 1849 he waa
the original Calaynofiin a tragedy so named
by GK H. Boker, an American,
On 22 Oct. 1840 Phelps was Antony in a
performance, the first for a century, of dhake-
apearVe * Antony and Cleopatra, 1 This was
perhaps Phobss most micceseful revival.
On IS Dec, P.iebt^ was the original Garcia
in 'Garcia, or tae Noble Error/ of F, G,
Tomlins, and on 11 Feb. 1850 the original
Blaclcbourn in George Bennett's ' Retribu-
tion/ He also added to his repertory Jeremy
Diddler and Octavian in the Mountaineers/
Phelps
'L^nd of
Florence ' wnw reviv<xl, with Plu4ps as Fran-
ct\sc.o Atfoknti. Nov. iiO Haw W(^bHter\s
* Dneh(\sH of M'alfi,' adapted by R, ][. Home,
Phelpntook the part of Ferdinand. Tinumof
Aihennwan first awHutned 15 Sept,. 1H51. On
ii70ct*hoappeareda In^omar, andoni*7 Nov.
waw first H<MMI in his ^na't eontie, eharaeter,Sir
i IVrtinax MacHycophant, in MackHn' 'Man
' of the World' On (J March iHfW lw \ V as
' theoriginnl James VI, in Whitn'w 'James VI,
or thn (Jowrm Plot/ In tho following
Hcanon, 18")^ ,1,^ \w revivod * A.ir wnll that
ends well/ playing l*nroll(*H ; ' K in^r I lonry V,'
, jilnyin^ tlie I\in^ ; and the ' Socoml IVrt o'f
living Henry IV/ <loublin^ the partn ol
| Henry and Justice, Shallow, Boti.om, long
i eHU'i'uied Fhelps's ^rnntf\st contie, charat'(;er,
i wasiirnt wen October 18^:1, MVrioh'H/not.
! acted Mine^ tho RestonUton, waH revived
| M Oct, iHo-t, Plu'lps playing 1 l > erieleM, HIM
; only other now part in that Hoawm was
| Bailie Nicol Jarvto in * Ivob Hoy/ Olirisio-
i ph< v r Sly t in tho * Taming- of tho' Shrew/ wa
lirnt Heon in Heoemhor iHrttJ. In tho ' Two
(lent.lemon of Verona/ produced on 18 Feb.
1857, PhelpH did not act.. Don Adriano
do Annado, in 'Lovo'n Lahour'n Loat/ was
jh-Ht wrn HO Sept. 1857, .Lord O K leby,
in, the * (-IjindoHtino Marriage/ followed du
4 Nov ; On 10 Jan, iHfiK, as one of a trum
of festival porfornianeeH for tho. marriage of
the prineoHH royal, ho played Maohotli at
Her MajoHty'H Vhoafro. ,Ih% ('.ant. well, in
the- Hypocrite/ wan lirt taken 13 Oct. 1858,
and on 11 Due, Ponnuldook in the ' Wheel
of Fortune/ On 1 4 Sept. 1 850 he played for
the fii'Ht time Job Thornberry in e John Bull/
and on 18 Oct. was th<* original Bertuccio in
the ' Fool*H Hevc.ng/TomTaylor T Hada]>tatiou
of ' Le Hoi ft'amuHts/ In May 1859 Phelps
had madt^ a not very HUCCosHful viflit to Berlin
and 1 1 amburtf , whero ho ia said to have played
( King; Leai* ( ' t-o empty henchoa. During- th
vacations of 1801 ami 1 8<ii2 he appeared under
Harrin at tho PrincenaV, playing a round of
characters in altyrnution with Feclittu*, and
thoro he was paid 601 a week, tho largest
salary ho had yet received,
Th'e season 18(50-1 waH tho first of Phelps's
Bole management of Sadler's Wells, Green-
wood, upon whose financial and business
capacity Phelpn had entirely relied, having
retired. The season wag only memorable for
the appearance of his eon Edmund, who
play< Ulric to his father's "Werner- On
24 Jan. 180,1 he appeared with hi company
at Windsor Castle in ' Riclujlieu/ At the
outset of Pliolps's last season (1801-2) at
Sacllor r s Wells, he appeared in the title-
r61o of an adaptation oi Cusimir Delavigno's,
Phelps
149
Phelps
1 Louis XL' A piece called ' Doing- for the
Best,' in which he played Dick Stuhbs, a car-
penter, was a failure, But the withdrawal
of Greenwood had transferred to Phelps's
shoulders business responsibilities for which
he was unfitted, and on 15 March 1862 his
spirited and honourable enterprise at Sadler's
Wells carne to an end. In his farewell speech
at the theatre he stated that he had made
it the object of his life and the end of his
management to represent the whole of Shake-
speare's plays. He had succeeded in pro-
ducing tiirty-four of them (all with the
exception of 'Richard II,' ' Henry VI,' ' Troi-
lus and Cressida,' and l Titus Andronicus '),
and they were acted under his management
between three and four thousand nights.
In 1863 he began a long engagement at
Drury Lane, under Falconer and Chatterton,
during which he appeared in most of his
favourite characters. In October 1863 he
played Manfred, and in October 1866 Me-
phistopheles in Faust.' In 1867 he was
the Doge in Byron's ' Marino Falieri.' In
September 1868 he created some sensation
by his performance of King James I and
Trapbois in Halliday's adaptation of the
< Fortunes of Nigel' After fulfilling engage-
ments in the country, he was for a time lessee
of Astley's, where he lost money. He re-
appeared on 23 Sept. 1871 at Drury Lane as
Isaac of York in Halliday's adaptation of
* lyanhoe.' On 16 Dec. 1871 he played at the
Princess's Dexter Sanderson, an original part
in Watts Phillips's ' On the Jury.' After act-
ing in Manchester, under Calvert, he went
to the Q-aiety, under Hollingshead, where he
played Falstaff and other parts. During a
short engagement at the Queen's Theatre he
appeared as Henry IV. Subsequently (1877
and 1878) he acted at the Imperial theatre
(Aquarium) under Miss Marie Litton [q. v,],
the last part he took being Wolsey in
* Henry VIII.' His engagement with Miss
Litton he could not complete owing to failing
health, and other engagements made with
Chatterton in 1878-9 he was unable to fulfil.
A series of colds prostrated him, and he died
on 6 Nov. 1878, at Anson's Farm, Coopersale,
near Epping, Essex. His remains were
brought to the house he long occupied,
420 Camden Road, and on the 13th were
interred at Highgate.
Phelps was a sound, capable, and powerful
actor. Alone among men of consideration he
held up in his middle and later life the banner
of legitimate tragedy. He was not in the
full sense a tragedian, being- deficient in
passion or imagination, grinding out his
words with a formal and at times rasping
delivery. Romont in the ' Fatal Dowry ' of
Massinger marked the nearest approach to
tragic grief, but he was good also in Arbaees,
Melantius, and Macduff. In Othello, Lear,
Macbeth, Sir Giles Overreach, and other
heroical parts he was on the level of Charles
Kean and Macready. He lived, however, in
days when conventional declamation of tra-
gedy fell into evil odour, and when experi-
ments so revolutionary as Fechter's Hamlet
won acceptance. Thus, though a favourite
with old stagers, and the recipient of warm
praise from certain powerful organs of criti-
cism, he lived to hear his tragic method con-
demned and his mannerisms ridiculed. It
was otherwise in comedy. His Sir Pertinax
Macsycophant was a marvellously fine per-
formance. His Bottom had allthesturdiness
and self-assertion of that most complacently
self-satisfied of men. Shallow was an ad-
mirable performance, Malvolio was comic,
and FalstafF, though upbraided with lack of
unction, had marvellous touches. In Scot-
tish characters he was generally excellent.
There was, indeed, something dour and
almost pragmatical about Plielps's own na-
ture that may account for his success in
such parts. His command of the Scottish
accent was unparalleled among* English,
actors.
Among those who have paid tribute to his
worth and ability are Tom Taylor, Jerrold,
Heraud, Tomlins, Bayle Bernard, and Pro-
fessor Morley. "Westland Marston praised
highly his Tresham in 'A Blot on the
'Scutcheon/ and has something to say for
his Richelieu, Virginius, and Timon. Dut-
ton Cook credits him with the possession
of a marvellously large and varied re*per-
toire. All allow him pathos. It was in
characters of rugged strength, however, that
he conspicuously shone.
Intractable and difficult to manage, Phelps
still won general respect, and passed through.
a long and arduous career without a breath
of scandal being whispered against him. He
took little part in public or club life. Hia
great delight when not acting was to go
fishing with a friend. He is said to have
known most trout-streams in England.
By his wife, who died in 1867, he had
three sons and three daughters. The eldest
son, William Robert (d. 1867), was for some
years Tipon the parliamentary staff of the
' Times, and was subsequently chief justice
of the admiralty court at St. Helena. The
second son, Edmund (d. 1870), was an actor.
The best portrait of 3?helps was painted by
Johnstone Forbes-Robertson, Ms friend, ani r
in a limited sense, his pupil. It presents the
actor as Cardinal Wolsey, is a striking like-
ness, and was purchased by the members for
Phclps
150
Phcsant
tho Garrick Club, where it now k It haa
been engraved, by permuwion of the commit.*
tee, for the life by lite nephew, Phelpa wart
tall, and remained nptuu
[PwHonal knowledge ; information privat* ly
8iippliodby Mr. W.May rholp; W, May l*hi'lp
and J. Forbofi-KobcrtHcjuV Lifo ami LitV-Wirk .
of PholpH, 1880; Coloman's Mmuoirs of I'help^ '
1886 ; WoHlhuid Murstou's Kwolhu-tion^ of
Actors ; Pase-oc's Dramatic List,] J, K.
PHELPS, THOMAS (Jl. ICM\ mariner,
waa in command of tho SUCCCHH of London,
of forty tons burden, when he wan captured
cm (J Oct. H)B'l by u Sal lee rover a hutulred
leagues \vost of Littbou, He wan convoyed
from Salloo to Mequinez, whore he found
about eipfht hundred Ohrintian slaves, aud
was taken into the service of tho emperor of
Morocco, lie was employed in the public
works there, hut experienced .Much severe
treatment that he resolved to attempt, hia i
oncape* With three companions 1m reached !
Salloe after an arduous journey, and otf '
Salloo on K'5 June they were taken on board
tho Lark, an Kng'lish man-of-war, On learn-
ing their auHering's, t.he commander, (-apt am
JLoi#hton, retaliated by burning' two uirg'o
Moorish 'pimLos in t,he port of Sal lee, and
tlum landed tho rofutfww ut Cadi/,, whence,
they reached England in safety. Phelpn on
bin arrival wan Iwfruuuhsd by Samuel Pepys
[c|, v.'J, the diartat.
Ho published *A True Account, of the,
Captivity of Thomas Phelpa at MachancHH
in Barbary, and of his Htrango J^scapo in
Company of Edmund Barter and <)t.hr'
(London, 1085, 4to). The tract was decli-
catod to ' tho Honourable Samuel IVpyw,
Ji]aq/ His book g'ives an intertwtin^ idea of
the state of Morocco in tho flovonto^ulli cim-
tury, when piracy was at it H height. At t.ho
period of Phelpri Bojourn tho UHual diHordor
wa iuttmsifiod by tho fact that a civil war
wan rnging between tho emperor and his
nephew. Ph<l])H's book was reprinted in OH*
borne's ' Collection of Voyages and Travela '
(London, H>75, fol)
[Watt'H BibL JJrit. vol. ii. j PUolps's Truo
Account,]
FHELPS, THOMAS (/.
nomer, was born at Ghalapove, OxfordKhiro,
in January I(JJ)4, In 1718 he wan a atabh>
man in the service of Lord-chancollor Thomas
Parker (afterwards I^arl of MacchHii(dd)[q,v.J,
but ro6 to higher empioynuin tB through his
good conduct and ability, George Parker,
second earl of Macclefifiold [({. v." , took him
into his observatory in 174:3, and ]uo was the
first in England to detect the great comet of
17*13. lliw observations of It oii i?3 Dec. were
puhlisluul without hiw nanm in tlie ' I'hilo-
HophicalTnm.HiuMions* (xliii. 91 ), A curioua
engraving, ]n'C,Herved in t he council-room of
the Uoyal Antrotiotuicul Wocie.ty, reprewentB
Ph'dpHiirt jtiwt about to make an ol)H<u'vatiou
with t.he Shirburn ( 1 ,stle five-foot transit,
which John Harllett, originally a Nhopherd,
prepares t< record, Tho print, dattss from 177(5,
when PhelpH vvaw^l*, Hurt ItMt 5-1 yearn of ag'w.
fs^nllnrcd Ntiti'cH of Shirhurn Oahtlo in Ox-
lonlshiro, hy Mary KraiuM'H* (-ountcN^ of Mac-
cl<\Hftt\ll, 1H87; Kujiuul'N Momoii'H of ISnulh^y,
pr>. Uxxiii4v; Wcld'H Hint, of tho Utnal 800,
ii, .] A. M. 0.
PirKLPS, WILLIAM ('I77(t" IHfiO),
topographer, won of the IJev, John Phelpn oi
Flux Ilourtou, Howowt, tutitrieulated from
Bnll'ud College, Oxford, iu 17U.1, and gra-
duated H,A, from St,. Albnn Hull in 1707,
lie took holy orders, wn vicar of M euro, and
lUeknoller, Somorst't, from IH*J-1 till IHol,
when he l)ocatuor(*(torof ( hcomho, Lincoln-
shiro, Ih v died ut Upper Norwood, Surrey,
on 17 Au# IH5tJ, II (\ ptiblihhod 'A Bolam-
cal Calendar,' exhihitin^ 1 at one view tho
generic raid Hpecilie name, the claMH, order,
nnd the habitat, of all British plants, ar-
ninf{od according to their time of ilower-
injjf, tinder each mouth of tho your (1810).
In later life he coiinilod guide-luxdiH to the
Duchy of Nassau ( Hli*) and Krnnldbrtron-
the-IViain (IH-M ), But bin chief work wan a
vory elahorate * History and Anii(juiUua oi
Somersetshire,' with a loarntul hirttorical
introduction and illustrations. Sevtn ])arta
were inaued botwo< k n 18115 and 18.W, when
thoy reappeaixnl in two volumes, Tho undor-
taknig 1 wan left incoinploto. The liwt portion
deals with the Roman and Celtic remains ot
the county, which are. iigurtul iu numerous
plati^s. Fhelpn hud personally "uwpoctod all
of thorn. The later partn trout of tho hun-
dreds and parish CH on tho model of the
Soottinh BtatiHtioal aco.ounta. Only a third
of th county i dcacribed, and tho work
lacks* an indi^x,
( FoiHtor'nAluwni Oxon.; X'Julu*a Works ; Gont*
Mag, 1HJJO, I 174 M\ t \
FHEKB, JOHN (d 1^25), bishop of Ely,
properly called Jo UN OF FOUNTAIKB, [See
,PONTJ1UK, i"
son of I'etor rhcant, barritor-at-hiw, oi
Gray's Inn, by bis wife Jane, daughter ol
Vincent Fulnotby, was born probably at his
father's manor of Barkwith, LincjolnnhiTO,
about 1 f>80. Tho father was run dor at ( \ wy*B
Inn in Lent 1582, and also attornoy-ffonoral in
tho northern parts. The son, on 26 Oct. 1602,
entered Gray'a Inn, where he w(is called tc
Philalethes
Philidor
the bar in 1608, elected ancient in 1622, being
then one of the ' common pleaders ' for the city
of London, bencher in 16^3, and reader in the
autumn of 1624. On 19 May 1640 he was
called to the degree of serjeant-at-law, and
on 10 March following was prayed as counsel
by attorney-general Sir Thomas Herbert on
his impeachment, but excused himself on the
score oif ill-health. In 164 1 he was justice
of assize and nisi prius for the county of
Nottingham. He was recorder of London
in the interval, 2-^0 May 1643, between the
dismissal of Sir Thomas Gardiner [q. v,] and
the election of Sir John Glynne [q. v."i
On SO Sept. 1045 Phesant, who had been
recommended to the king for a judgeship in
the parliament's propositions for peace of
1 Feb. 1642-8, was voted a judge of the
court of common pleas by the House of
Commons, and on tie 28th of the following
month was sworn in as such. On the aboli-
tion of the monarchy he accepted a new
commission on condition that the funda-
mental laws were not abolished. lie died
on 1 Oct. following, at his manor of Upwood,
near Ramsay, Huntingdonshire, and was
buried in Upwood church.
Phesant married, about 1609, Mary Bruges,
of a Gloucestershire family, who, dying about
the same time as himself, was buried by his
side. By her he had several children. Phe-
aant's epitaph, credits him with ability, con-
scientiousness, and courage.
[Phiiippa's Grandeur of the Law, p. 195 ; Old-
field and Dyson's Tottenham, p. 82 ; Marshall's
Genealogist, iv. 25 ; Douthwaito's Grray'fl Inn ;
Foster's Gray's Inn Admission Register; Over-
fill's Analytical Index to Remembrincia, p. fill;
IV1. Hist. ii. 1125, 1327; Dugdalfi's Orig, p.
296,Chron.8er.; CaL State Papers, Dom. 1635-
1636 p. 194, 1637-8 p. 197, 1649-50 p. 197;
Oul. Committee for Advance of Money, vol. i.
(164-2-5), p. 312; Hist MSS, Oomm. 4th Bep.
App. p. 64, 6th Rop. App. p. 89, 7th. Rep.
A pp. pp. 29, 46 ; Clarendon's Rebellion, bk. vi.
231; Whitelocka's Memorials, pp. 174, 178,
378, 409; Sir John Braraston'a Autobiogr, (Cam-
cl^n Soc.) ; Indorwick's Interregnum, p. 155 ;
Noble's Protectornl House of Cromwell, 3rd edit,
i. 430; Brayloy's Beauties of England ml Wales,
vii, 549*; Poas's Judges.] J. M. R.
PHILALETHES, EIEEN^US and
EUGENIQS, pseudonym, [See under
STABKEY, GBOKGKE.]
PHILIDOB, FRANCOIS ANDRE
DANICAN (1726-1795), chess-player and
composer, was the youngest son of Andr6
Danican,^a musician, and member of the
Grande Ecurie, the chambre and the chapelle
of Louis XIV, by his second wife, Elisabeth
Lqroy, The family had long been connected
with the French court in the capacity of
musicians. When his great-grandfather,
Michel Danican, a native of Dauphin^ and
a celebrated oboist, first appeared at court,
Louis XIII exclaimed, ' I have found another
Filidori,' this being the name of a Sienese
hautboy-player who had caused a sensation
at the French court by his brilliant perform-
ance, The royal compliment procured for the
family the agnomen * Philidor.'
Francois Andr6 was born at Preux on
7 Sept. 1726. At the age of six he entered
the Chapelle du Boy at Versailles, and learned
harmony of Andr6 Campra, About eighty
musicians were constantly in waiting at the
chapelle, and, cards not being allowed in the
sanctuary, they had a long table inlaid with a
number of chessboards. Philidor learnt the
game by watching his elders, and various
anecdotes are told of the amazement caused
by his prowess when he was first admitted to
play. Scarcely less precocious as a musician,
at the age of eleven he composed a motet,
which was performed in the chapelle. When
his voice broke he left the chape le, at the age
of fourteen, and went to Paris, with a view to
supporting himself, like Rousseau, by giving-
lessons and copying music. But he seems to
have neglectec. his pupils for the chess oaf 6s,
in particular the Cat'6 de la Regenco, where
fortune guided him to the board of M. de
Kermuy, Sire de L6gal, the best player in
France. From L6gal he derived the by no
means new idea of playing without seeing the
board, and his feat of playing two games in
this manner simultaneously was commemo-
rated by Diderot in his article t Echecs ' in
the ' Encyclopedic ' as an extraordinary ex-
ample of strength of memory and imagina-
tion. About the same period (1744-5) Phili-
dor assisted Kousseau to put into shape the
latter's opera * Les Muses Galantes.'
In the autumn of 1745, owing to the
pressure of creditors, Philidor made a tour in
Holland. At Amsterdam he supported him-
self by exhibition games at chess and at Polish
draughts. At The Hague he met some Eng-
lishmen, at whose invitation he came to
England in the latter part of 1747. The
principal chess club in England at this time
field its meetings at Old Slaughter's Coffee-
house in St. Martin's Lane. The best Eng-
lish player, who was the strongest jjlayer
Philidor .met, with the exception of his old
tutor, M. de Legal, was Sir Abraham Jans-
sen. During his stay in London he played a
match of ten games with Philip Stamma, a
native of Aleppo, and author of 'Les Strata-
gemes du jeu d'Echecs/ giving 1 him tliemove,
allowing the drawn games to be held as won
by Stamina, and betting five to four on each
Philiclor
152
Philidor
game. Tho Syrian won one game, and one
wan drawn, In the following your Philidor
rotiurned to Holland, whore ho composed his
* Analyse du jeu dea Kehees,' While at Aix-
la-Chapollo he was advised by Lord Sand-
wich to visit Kyndhoven, a village, between
BoLs-lo-Duc and JMaentrioht, when* <,ho Bri-
tish army was encamped, Philidor there,
played chess with tho Juke of Cumberland,
who subserilwl for a number of copies of tho
work, and procured many other subscribers,
In eon HCCJ nonce, the book was originally puh~
Knlied in London, in 17-li),8vo, under th'olttlo
' L'Analyse dew Echoes : eontenant une nou-
velle m^thodo pour approndro , , , eo noble
jeu,' An Knglish translation appeared m
1750, J Condon, 8vo, and an enlarged French
edition in 1777. Mmco that date it lias been
translated into most European languages,
and frequently ro~editcd, Tlie best edition
is that of (umrgo Walker [q, v. ] London,
]Hi& ; liimo. The book, which marks an epoch
in tin's history of tho game, was the must
perfect exponent of a school of chess which,
in opposition to tho Italian school of I ho
eijjfhteont.h century, directed the attention
of students principally to the middle game,
and to the Wilding up of a strong central
position with the help of the pawns, Phili-
dor's exposition is mainly "characterised by
tho value attached to the pawns, which he
called 'the soul of the game/ and by the
able cleni.onstratitmofthc\])oasibilityof giving
mate with a rook and bis:iop against a rook,
Here, however, Philidor has required Homo
correction from later writers. Ho thought
the mate of rook and bishop against rook
could always be forced; whereas thin is true
in special positionw only. The argument U
conducted by means of games, with illuatru-
tive notes,
Tho greater part of the woven years follow-
ing 1747 was spent by IVilidor'in Kngland.
although in 1751, by the king of PrussiaVin-
vitution, he visited Potsdam, where the in-
terest aroused by his presence is recorded by
Kuler, tho famous mathematician, Frederic
tho, Great, who waft himself a good ohoBiH-
playor, abstained from trying conelufiiona
with tho young Frenchman, though it is re-
lated by Twiss that two courtiers * who
played oven } with tlio king received a knb-ht
and were defeated In 1753 Philidor uncliir-.
took to flet to music Congrove's ( ()do to St.
Cecilia^ Day/ and his composition was perl
formed at the Haymarkct on ,11 Jan. 1754.
Handel hoard it, and highly commended this
chorusea, though he said that the style of the
airfl left room for improvement, JLtocalled by
Diderot and other friends to Paris in Novem-
ber 1704, Philidor devoted himself almost
exclusively to musical composition. Amonrr
the numtirons pioces which he conr.HKsed for
the Opera Oomiijuo or tho Couii'die 'lt,alieuno
WUH an operarntit led * Tom Jonos, 1 which wna
produced at. tho hit (IT house <n Ii7 Fel), 1705,.
In 1772 he revisilod England, whonuunw
,
( .oltee-hoiwe, and whore Count Hriihl \viis
now tho landing amateur, The formation ot
! luo *Jll* r now ( "' U ' SH dub iu St.. JamewVt Wtivofc,
in 1774 t gave a fresh impetus to tho ganiu iii
hnnland One of thoclubVi lirHtHtwwaHto
provide an annual subscription a.s an induce
mont to Philidor to spend oach SOHOU (Fe-
bruary- June) in London, In 1775 he cnni'o
to Ijoudon in accordance with tlu arrange-
ment,, ud to t he now chosn club he dedicated
tin* now edition of IUH * AnnlvHo/ to which
every member, including (Jibboti and 0, J.
l'\)\, Hiibsci'ibetl. He fiN^piontly advertised
iu the, London pupors that, he would repent;
the tour do force of playing two or three
pmmH at. once blindfold.
Meanwhile Philidor did not neglect
nuiMicul production, In 1770, in ennjum-
tioiMVtth (htiupppo Uurt^tti |(|, v.'|, he net to
musio Horan^H 'Cannon SocMilaro,' which
WUH p(rfonnotl on throe nights at tlio FHMV
HiuHonH 1 Hull with HIUU^HM, and in 1789 ho
produced an Kn^lisli f Ode/ followed by a
*Tti IhMim/ to celebrat.t^ tho recovery* of
CJiiorij'ti 111,
Phlltdor KympathiHod with tho French re-
volutionary moveme-ut of 17HJ), but, after the
September muHsaorcs in 17SW ho came back
to London, and wan a fretjuont gutwt at tho
tablo of Count BriihL Altlioug'h, at tho
concluwion of the n^ig-n of torror, anxious to
return to hin ( family in Paria, ho wa,a uu-
ablt^ to get his name wanod from tho lint
of HUHpooted oinigroH. II o du^l at No. 10
Littlo Uydtr Mtroot, London, on M Aug 1 ,
171)5,
AH a (tan-player rhilidor stood, in MB own
day, al)8olute', ( v alone, A number of his garner
are prtwerved ui Walker's valuable t Selection
of (iumwal. (Vss ihtyed by Philidor and his
Oontem;warIeH ' (London, 1835; it is also
include*'! in his larger work < OUoss Studies/
1HI4, reprinted 1H9JJ), JOft genius ia com-
mcimmUcd amona' ehtiHa-playcrs by * Phili-
dor*H Defbnce/ AB a musician, PhYliclor, in
the wordn of Ff!tiH,poHHOHed morti 'munical
HCionoe * than any of hiw French contom-
porarioH. Ilia harmony ie nnoro varied than
that of Duni, AlonHig-ny, and (H6try, al-
though the latter two cumly flurpaHsed him
in nwloclic, grace and dramatic mtitiuck Ho
wa the iirnt to introduce on the stage the
air <lflc,rij>tif ' ( f Lo Marftchal ') and the un-
accompanied quartet ('Tom J ones*), and, to
Philip
153
Philip
foi-m a duet of two independent and appa-
rently incongruous molodios. His .use of
the chorus and instrumentation was supe-
rior to that of any other French composer,
and his compositions woro treated aa models,
and ftivon out as subjects of study in the
Conservatoire at Paris as late as 1841 (cf.
GKOVK'S Diet, of Mmiviam).
Pliilidor married, at St. Rulpioe, Paris,
on 13 Feb. 17(50, Antique Ilenrietto Elisa-
beth Richer, sister of the famous singer, and
loft one daughter and four sons, one of whom,
Andr6, survived until 1 845, An anonymous
portrait in. tho museum at Versailles was en-
graved for vol. iii of the chess periodical^
*Lo Palamftde/ nnd thcro is another en-
graving made by Samuel Watts tor Kenny's
edition of the * Analysis 1 (1819). A bust,
executed in terra-cotta by Fajou, was pre-
sented by the city of Paris t;o JVlaclu.m<j Iliili-
dor in 17(38 ; while a portrait by Hobiueau
Is stated to have been purchased by the Lon-
don Chess Club.
[George Allen's Iiifo of Philidor (1803), with
a supplementary canny on Philidor as OhoHfi-an-
thorandOhoHH-playor, byTaHHilo vonHoydcbrand
und dor Lana, constitutes tho most valuable
authority. An appreciative oHtimato by Gus-
tavo Choutyuot is in Grove's Dictionary of
Musicians. Tho most valuable of tho contem-
porary nourcofl arc tho ISfo m La Bordo's IStiHai Hire
la Mumquo, Pur-iw, 1760; Anecdotes of Mr.
Philidor, communicated by himself [by Kichard
Twiss] in ' Clu'flH/ 1789, vol. ii. ; ( Closure of the
Account of Mr, 1'hilidor * in Twiaa's MiHCc.il-
lanios, ISOf), ii, 105-114, tho article, 'Philidor
point par liii-mfano, in PalamtVlo, vii, 2-10, and
the 'Lettroa do Hiilklor' in Palamedo, 1847,
passim, Tho moHt complete lists of his com po-
sitions arc given in Fotis and in Cliamplia'a Cy-
clopedia of Music and Musicians. 800 alo pre-
face to tho 'Analysing od. George Walker, 181J2;
Tnnilintion*8 Cheas Player's Annual, 185G, p.
ICO; Bramno's Homines Ulustres do I'0rl6aiwia,
i, 75 ; Plot's Particularit&a iuMUoa concurnanb
los ouivros muaicalos do Qofuwe t do Philidor;
016monfs Musieions Colobros, p. 101 ; La France
Mnttioalo, December 1867, February 1808 j CaHtil-
Blazes l)o rOpfoi, i. 17; Chalmers's Biographi-
cal Dictionary ; Ihmiey's Hist;, of Music ; Mo*
nioir in Rcos's Oyclopwdia; L*Intorm6tliaire dos
(/horcheurs et Curieux, xix. 679, 731, xx. 23, 79,
xxiii. .16, 146, 177, aochr, 52; there is an allu-
sion to Philidor in Baltic's Mainon du Chat qxii
p<lote. Tho writer is indebted to tho Bov. W.
Way to for a revision of the article,] T. 8*
PHILIP, [See also PHILLIP and PHYHE.]
PHILIP II o SPAM ("1527-1598), [Soe
under MABT I, queen of England,]
PHILIP OP MoNTGOMKBt (A. 1009),
[See undur BOQJUSB OJT MoNTOOMEitf, d. 1093 ?]
PHILIP BE THIUN (fl. 1120), Anglo-
JNornian writer, probably belonged to a Nor-
man family of Thaun or Than, near Caen,
but had come to England, perhaps with hia
uncle Hunfrci de Tliaun,
Ii cliapelein Yhan
E Sorioachal lu roi.
* Yhan ' IB probably to be identified with
Kudo or Odo Dajiifer who died on 29 Feb.
11^0 (BuGT)ALH, Monast. AnyL iv. 607).
Philip -wrote: 1. 'Li Cumpoz' or l Oom-
jnitua/ less correctly styled by Wright ' Li
Livre des Creatures.' 'This is a treatise on
the ecclesiastical calendar in six-syllabled
vorso, compiled from Basda, Gerland, and
other writers on the ' Computua/ for the use
of clerks, The probable date of its composi-
tion was between 1113 and 1119. There are
seven manuscripts, viz., Cotton, Nero A. v.,
Arundel 230, and Sloanc 1580 in the British
Museum, MB. 0, 3. 3, in the Lincoln Ca-
thedral Library, and throe in the Vatican.
3. i Li Bcatiaire' or * Phyaiologus,' which is
dedicated to Adelaide ot Louvain as queen
of Llonry 1, and nnust therefore have been
wit ton between 11 iH and 1135, perhaps in
1 1.U5, Like tho ' ComputuH/tho ' Physiologus'
is based on Latin originals, and is for the
most part written in aix-aylhibled verse,
though in the Inttor portion an octosyllabic
metre is employed. Manuscripts of Philip's
Bestiairoare : Cotton MS. Nero A. v. ; Royal
Library, Copenhagen, 3-ir()6 ; Merton College,
Oxford, 24i). The Latin ' Beatiarius ' in Cot-
ton, Vespasian, G-. x. is not Philip's work.
Philip is the first Anglo-Norman writer as
to whom we have any distinct information,
and is, perhaps, the earliest poet in the
langrue d'oU whose worlc has survived.
Though his writings, and especially the
* Computus,' have little poetical merit, they
are of great value for the history of Anglo-
Norman literature. Both the ' Computus'
and the ' Pbysiologus ' wore edited by
"Wright in hia i Popular Treatises on Science
during the Middle Ages/ pp. 20-131, with
translations, The ' Physiolo#us ' has also
been edited by I)r, M. P. Mann, and the
* Computus ' by Dr. E, Mall.
[Histoire Litte*raire de France, ix, 173, 100, x.
pp. Jacxi-u, xiii. 602; Wright's Biogr, Brit^Litb,
Anglo-Norman, pp, 86-7 ; Be la Rue's Bardes ;
Archfleologia, xii. 301-6; Gaston Paris's Lit-
tiraturo Pran9aiso au Moyen Age, 100 ; Jabr-
"buch fiir rornanische und engliache Literatur,
v. 358-60, vii. 38-43 (on the Computus and
its manusctipts) ; Bomanische Forschung, v.
300,] C, L. IL
PHILIP DE BEiOSia (jft, 1172), warrior.
[See
Philip
Philip
PHILIP OF 1'OtTUWH (<l. ll'OBF), bishop
of Durham, wa.sa favourite clerk of Richard L
lie accompanied the latter OH IUH crusade of
1 189, and waa present at hw marriage with
JkvreDguria of Navarre at Cypnw in 11SH
(WAT/nm <w OOV.KNTKY, ii, 181, Rolls tter.)
\Vheu ho returned to Kn^Iand Ls not clour;
"but Richard, during* his captivity in HIM, i.s
said to havo procured for him the arch-
deaconry of (Canterbury, hut whether he hold
it is uncertain (Uou. HOY. iti. l^l, Rolls Sor,)
In tho aamo yoar 9 at the king'\s wish, ho
was presented to the dennrry of York hy
ArehjLshop Geolfrey (</, l^lli) [q. v-J in de-
fiance of tho wish of the eanon (t'h, p. ^lf),
Tho latter, howevor, muu'oeded in g-otting*
tho papal confirmation for tho election of
thoir candidate, Simon of Apulia, and Philip
"wan probably never in.stallod, In November
or December 1 105, u^ain hy royal favour, ho,
\vas elected to the l)ishopric of Ihirhntnnt
Nortliallerton in Yorkshire, in tho pirHonee
of Archbishop H abort of Canterbury. J'lovc-
dcn nayH Phiap was ordained to the priest-
hood on 15 Juno 1 10(1 hy Henry, bishop of
Llandall', but thin ia not clear (tt><\ c/V. iv, 0).
.lie was abroad part of that y<ar with tho
king, and wan wont to Kujjfland hy tho hit (or
oix financial buHincsH, Tho lilittf about tho
sainotimogavi^ him ptu'iuisMion tonnvstablish
tho mint at Durham, and ho Hncurod for his
nephew, Aimorie do Tailboiw, tho aroh-
d(uiconry of (Jarlislo, to *\vluch h(^ itddtul that
of Durham (#>}>? lli-14), At tho mid of
tho ytrnr ho wa.s in Normandy with Itiohard t
and "waw Ho.nt by him to Homo lo pload hin
catiBo againnt tho archbi-shop of Kouou, who
had laid Normandy under intordiot IX^OHUHO
of the buildinpr of Cliatoau (Jaillurd. Thorn
Philip Hucctsodod in arrang-in^ tho tt^rma of
a compromiwe with tho archhiahop of Rotion,
and was at last coitBoeratod to tho BOO of
Durham by Oolastino III on i20 April 1 197
Script, tre$, Rurt(*OH Hoc,, p. 18),
In 1108 Philip win ono of liiohard^ ro-
prcsentativoa at tho election of bin nophow,
tho ctnptTor Otto IV, at Oolo^no, On hin
return to England Iw obtained throngh royal
influence tJitj restoration and eniargemont
of certain, Durham properties : a portion,
however, lie lost tho mime year in a law-
suit with Kobort of Tnrnliam (Koo* IIov.
iv* 55, 08-9). In Soptombor King Kichard
wrote him an extant letter, giving an account
of his war in France (ib* pp. 68-9), Jt(^
made fruitless efforts at mediation bo^tweon,
the kinp^ and Archbishop GooilV(-y of York,
and was himself engaged in a serious quarrel
with his cathedral clergy with regard to
curtain rights of presentation to benefices,
During the progress of this dispute,
nt i )>ho\v, the archdeacon of Durham, besieged
the iwmluH in iSt, Oswald's church, but
ultimately 1'liilip yi*l<ltd tho point at issue
((Ji'ioFFitwv OK C'o'r.niNoiiAM, loi\ cit. p. lOj
.Kot. llov, lo<\ vit, pp. (59-70),
On liJJ May HUJ* Philip asHisttxl in eon-
WH'rating William do Ste, Mon^ I'Mglisoto tho
SIM* of houdou, and on the !^7th was ]>roa(^nt
at tho coronation <il* King John, though ho
protested agmn.st its taking ]ilao,o- in tho
nhsouoo of Archbishop (3(M-)ilVov of York,
John ho\vod favour to Philip, and employed
him \n 1 ISU) on a nussion to induo.o, tho lung 1
of Sootn to do houiago* Noxt y<^ar Philip
hrought about a iuo(ting In^tAVoon tho two
Icings, and was ono of tho witnowsoH of tln^ act
of honwgo porforniod at Ijino.oln on liiJ Nov.
lli(K) (Koij. llov, iv. MO 1). In tho lattor
yoar ho obtained tho royal KeoaHO for hold-
ing luirH at Northalh'rlou and Ilowdon T and
iu 1*01 net out on a pilgrimage to Oompoa-
t.t1Ia 11(5 was at. Oh'mon in May^ and thoro
wi(.H('SMiM;l to tho claitn tf Uic.hard'H (juoon y
Borongariti, to lu^r dowor. Uo came homo
in 1:!0
Philip wtiH (no of tho papal ug'onts in th(i
faniouH Huitt of (Jirnldu^ Oatnhrt'UHtH ["q. v.")
coin*(niing th<* Htutus of tho HOO of St.
David'H, nd in IliO.'J nvi^ivod lotttfffl from
limot'wit III on tho mibjoc.t (Oiu. OAMUK.
iii. 70, tJHi>, &(',, Rolls Sor.) In tho proat
((Uiirnd with lunocont III (li]()r> '!'$) ho is
iuontioYii % d art ono of John's ("viL counHollorei.
,llo diod apparently in liiOH, in tlu. midnt of
tho st.rilo, HIH body IH Haiti to havo "bemx
cont^mptuoUHly burio.d by lay won. outwide
tho 'wrecanotH of IUH churoh.
PJnlip'w cluiraotor itt 'painted darkly by
Gtioflrey of Ooldingluuu (tv(\ wY.) an that of
an tinHorupulouH and violent man. Over
IHH will t.hero wan Htrifo botwoon tho arch-
deaoon of Durham and tho prior and chapter,
and Innocent III interfered in liill.
[Kichard of Cohlingham in Hint, Dunolm.
Script, trw, pp. 17 Hq, and Apptuid* bcvii.;
Kgwt, Paint Dunolin, voln. i, ii, and iii, ;
Jlogor of Hovodtm, vol. iii,, T Walti^r of Coventry,
vol. ii., (Hraldua Ctunht'ouHiN, vol. iii.| Matt.
IViH'HC/hron, Majowi, vol. ii, (JorvaHo of Canter-
bury, I 630 (all in Kollfl Stir,) ; Had. do Diceto,
ii. 16U; lialph of CoggOHhall, Chron Angl. p.
70 ; Kotuhifl C/Hucollnrii, p, 00, Uotuli do Liberate,
t^c., KL Hardy, pp. 7, 101 (both Record Comm.) ;
Kotuli Ouri*It|jiH, i. 438, ii. 2/50,w1,Palf?rave;
Kynjor'hFnsdopn,!, 90, 1 34-5, ml* 1704; Le Nove'a
,Fanti Kcclofl. An^l. iii 284, od. Hardy; Stubbed
Kegiftt. SH.cr*Angl. p. 85,] A, M, C-i,
PHILIP or PHILIPPE DM RIM or BB
Jtmi (VMB^l"2m) was long treated by
English autlioritiea as an Anglo-Norman
Philip
155
Philip
poet, to whom were aligned two romances,
called respectively ' La Manokino' and' Jehan
do l)ammartin e*t Blonde d'Oxford.' Both
show a Clowe knowledge of Scottish and Kng-
litili life and topography in the thirteenth
century, and were linst published hy Knjjlush
Hociotics the former by the BannatyneClub
in IH'IO (od. KnmoLsijuo Michel), and the
latter by the (Jamdon Society ( 1858, eel. Le
Itoux do Liney). Tho unique ^manuscript of
these poems, however, wh ieh i,s in the Nat ional
Library at Paris (7004)" .Fondw Fnm^aLs),, in-
chi(loHbeidoH thorn several poems of Philippe
de Heatimanoir (liM(> r 1 -- i:JOti), a well-known
inrlst and poet, who compiled the'CotitutneB
"de Heauvawiri,' Then*, in little doubt that
Philippe do Renii and Philippe de Iloau-
manoirwere identical ; the, latter, a yomig'er
aon, held land at Uomi, war Oompif^no,
waH long" known UH Plnlippo de Henii, and
"became rf ire de Beaumnnotr by the, death of
his elder broth or (Urnrd, Moreover, tho
poemn attributed to Philippe de Renii slum
an intimate acquaintance on the 'part of
their author witu Beauvats'iH and at 1 .]
co un try (Bo iu> i K u, A th (w <?. n m Fnw yth .
). OiW). The poenm prove 1,ha,t Philipjpo
liad vlsit< v d Mn^'land, possibly in the Huit.o
of Simon de MonMort, Simon's family hold
land in Oh^nnont and at. Itoiul itself; and
in June l^H'J Amaury cl(\ Alontfort, Simon'a
aon, granted Philippe some landn in fee, ' pour
l'ani(>ur de li ot pour won bon ncrviclm ' (HOG
UMMHfi'r, No. xiv,pt. i. p, 108), From
11 May 1-'70 to 7 May Ji-*8Si Philippe WHB
baililf of Robert, count of Ch^rmont, nixth
m of St. Ijonis; from November liiH-1 to
1^88 flonoHCjlnil of Poitou ; in liiHB HoiuHcluil
of Saintongo ; in liiHO and 1 !>!)() bail ilF of Ver-
mandoiH ; in tlu^ cotirno of llil)^ sonoHchal of
Saintongc, bailiH'of Scnlin, andbailUrofTou-
ruiuo ; and again builitl" of Sonlifl from March
1:J93 till bin doatli in tho b<^inning of 120(1
The 'CoutumeH de lieauvaiHiH J WUH JboRun
while he wan bailiiT of tho county of 01 or-
mont, and lit>i,shul in liJHlt, * Lu 'Roman d(j
la Manokino' and * Lo Houxan de Jehtm do
Dammartin ot Blonde d'Oxford 1 wore ]>ro-
bably composed by him between Iii04 and
1279.
[Tho dhi<vf authority is thn biography of
Philip of Itcanmatioir, hy M. H. L, Bordior, in
PhiHppe do Komi Biro de Btwumanoir, Jurifl-
oonflulto et Pocto National dtx Bt-nuvaiHiH, Paris,
1 809-73, in twoparfcft, pp. 1-422 ; tho second part
contains his complete poetical wox*k. The idon-
tiftcation of Philippe de Kcwi with Philinpe do
Beaumanoir has since boon confirmed with now
proofs by M\ JKdouard Kchwati in tho RomamHohe
Studion horausfiogobeii von Edward I3oehmor,ir.
36 L Tlio host edition of tho poems of Beau-
manoir is that of M. Hermann fSuchier (Soci^t^
<loH Ancit'iiH Toxt.os Fran^ais), 2 vols. 8vo, 1884-
1886. The Coutuinodo Olerraont en Beauvaisis
IUIB boon oditod by Thaunms de la Thaumassiere
(1C90) ami Count Bougnot (1840).] W. E. E.
PHILIP DE VALOONES or VALOKIIS (d.
Ii2ir>), lord of Panmure. [See VALOQNES.]
PHILIP me UMOOT (d. 1220), judge.
[See ULMOOT.]
PHILIP, ALRXANDP]R PHILIP WIL-
SON (1770P-1851 P), physician and physio-
lo^int, wan born in Scotland, his surname
being originally Wilson. He studied medi-
cine at Kdinburgh, and graduated M.D. on
i25 June 171)2, with an inaugural dissertation
* De Dyspepsia/ and in the same year pub-
lirthod tlu 1 ! lirst of a long aeries of inodictti
workw. Being 1 admitted fellow of the Royal
College of PhyHiciaus of Jfldinburgh on S Feb.
1795, ho practised in that city for a few
yearn, and gave a courao of lectures on medi-
cine, About 1709 he aettlod at Winchester,
and afterwards removed to Worcester, being
elected in 1802 phyniciauto tho Worcester
CUinoral Infirmary, 11 e wa successful in
practice, but in LSI 7 resigned his appoint-
nunit, and removed to London. On 2% Dec.
1820 ho wan admitted licentiate of the Royal
College of Pbysieiana, and on 25 June 1834
a follow, In 1 835 lie delivered and published
tho Gulfltoniau lectures *()n the Influence
of tho Nervoua System in Disease/ Ile^was
also elected lei low of tho Koyal Society.
Before removing to London he had assumed
tho additional Hurnamtt of Philip ; his books
appeared up to 1 807 under the name ^of Wil-
son, and after that (late under that of Wilson
Philip, by which he i generally known.
Wilson Philip, after carrying on for many
yearn a large and apparently lucrative prac-
tice in Cavondinh Square, was overtaken by
misfortune in his old ago. About 184^ or
184<H ho wuddeuly disappeared from London.
l)r. JMunk wtatoB that his investments were
injudicious, and tho scheme in which he had
placed his accumulated fortune failed, so
that he had to leave tho country to avoid
arrest for debt, lie went to Boulogne, and
is thought to have died there, his name dis-
appearing from tho list of the College of
Physicians in 1851. It is conjectured that
thofle circumstances may have suggested^ to
Thackeray the career of Dr. Eirarin in 'The
Adventures of Philip/
Wilson Philip was "both a popular phy-
sician and an assiduous investigator, even
while he was busily engaged in practice.
His researches in physiology and pathology
had considerable importance in their day.
Philip
156
Philip
Ho WUH one of the first, to employ tho micro-
scope In the study of inllaninuition, and hus
observations attracted much attention, both
at homo and abroad ; the work in which
they wore contained (* An Experimental En-
quiry') being translated into (Ununan and
Italian ; and they have been often quoted
since. He was also a physiological experi-
menter, and the princbles which ho ntates
to have guided him in t ae performanee of ex-
periments on IwnganhnalHaro both rational
and humane. Ilia more practical works,
especially on indigestion, were widely circu-
latod, and tranwlated into several languagc-H,
They show large medical experience, Tim
following Ht givtvs all the more important
of his numerous puhlmhed works, Most of
them are in the library of the Royal Mo.dieal
and Ohirurgioal Hooioty: I. * Inquiry into
the Kemoto Cause of Urinary Orav< VI ,' lOdin-
"Imrg'h, J79!2, Bvo ; in Herman by Stwidal,
1795. SJ. f Experimental KH,sayou tho Man-
ner in which Opium actH on the .Living' Ani-
mal Body, 1 Edinburgh, 175)5, Hvo, 3, * Trea-
tise on hVbrilo 'DiHuancH, 1 4 vols, Whichever,
17$)S)1H04, Hvo; Herman truncation by
Topoltimnn, Leipzig-, 1801 1812; Kronoh by
L6tu, 1819; portions of thus work were re-
publi.shcd aw ' TreatiHo on Wimple and Krup-
tivo lAsvtjra/ 4th edit. London, 18^0, Hvo;
and ' Treatise on Symptomatic .Fovera/ -1th
edit, London, 18i2f). 4, *(,)baerva,tiona on
the UfloaudAbiwo of Mercury,' 'Winch enter,
1805, 8vo. 6* 'A-nalyHis of the I\Ialvern
WfitorB/ Worcester, 1805, Bvo. 6. ' Knnay
on the Nature of Fovor/ Woreewter, 1807,
Hvo. 7, 'Observations on a Specuen of IHil-
monary Consumption/ WorceBto, 1817,8vo,
8. * Experimental Enquiry into the Laws of
the Vital Functions , partly ropriuted from
the "Philosophical Trauftactiotis," IB 15 and
181 7, 1 London, 1817, Bvo; 4th edit. 18IM);
in ({ermau by Sonthehner, Htnttg*art t 18U2 ;
also in Italian by Ttmtim, 1 82H, 9, l TroatiHe
on Indication and ita Oonnoquoncoft/ Lon-
don/lB^J, 8vo; Oth edit, 18^8; Appimdix,
'On Protracted Oasca of IndigoHtion,' 18iJ7 ;
translated into German by Jluwpor, 1823, and
"Wolf, 1823; also into l)utch by Ilymann,
Amsterdam, 1823. 10. 'Treatise on I*ro-
trncted Indigestion and its Oonsoq uenccfi/
London, 1842, 8vo. 1L 'Troatio on Diaeaaaa
which precede Chang-o of Structure,' London,
1830, 8vo, 12, ' Obnervations on Malignant
Cholera,' London, 18^2, 8vo, 13, 'Inquiry
into tho Nature of Sleep and Death,' Lon-
don, 18iJ4, 8vo, Ho also contributed to tho
' Philosoplncal Transactions 7 several papers,
Among which were those * On the Nature of
tlm Powers on which tliB Circulation of the,
Blood depends/ 181)1 j ( Ilelation between
Aluseular Systems/ 1H3H; * On
tbo Nature of 8l<oj>/ 18,'W; to tho i London
Modical (hwotto/ whoro in 1HU he carried
on a controv(*rwy with Dr. William Prout
{. v,] criticising tho latter^ (htlstonian
ctur(\s; and to tho * Kdinbnrgh Modicaland
Surgical Journal, 1 *Tho M(dit!o-C/hirurgical
TransactJoiLH/ and other periodicals,
[Mimk'HOoll.of rhyH. 1878, iii. '227: ((Tpoott's)
Dii't. of Living Aut-hoi'H, 18H>; (-alliHCM'H Mcdi-
xinischcs St'hriftHtollor I^xikon, (lopinihu^on,
1830, &,?. vol. xv,; (hirlt, nnd HirKch'w Bio-
^rupliLscluirt Loxikuu <!< Aorxto, iv. fttftj.'l
j. i p.
PHILIP, JOHN (/. Ifiiun, author, pro-
dticcd in lf>(>(J tliroi^ black-letter tracta,
chinlly in <log'^(Tel Verne* de.scribing 1 tho
curiouH trial at (JholmHford of thro<Mvit<*hoH,
Klixaboi.h J (1 rauneJH, ApfneH VVaterhouso,
and tho latter'H daught( k f Joan, a pfirl of
<i^httHn. Mrs, AVaterliouni^ was burnt to
death on 21) July 150(5, Tho colophon of
each of Philip's tracts, which app(Mirrd in
Ijondon, f^ivtw the name of tho printer as
William Powell, that of tho publisher aw
"William I'iokonngo, and the date of WHIM
M h'l A ug 1 . 15(5(5, The lirst tract boars tho
title * Tho Kxamination find OonfosHion
[boforo Dr. Colo and JMawter I^orltwcuo] of
eertaims Wytolum at (lliomHlordo in tho
Count irt of "Kssex* (ii(J Julv ir>()(>) with
woodciitH of Sathnn, a whlte-wpot.tecl cat
givt*n to Elizabeth l (1 rauticiH by her grand-
mother, hot instructrcwH in witc*hcraft ; of a
toad, into which tho cat was afterwards
metamorphosed, and of a do ft with horns,
who was tho familiar of Joan WatorhouHo
(Lambeth and Bridgewater Hous*V). A new
edition was <mtorod t.o Thomas Lawo,
15 July 1 f)Hl). I *h Slip's sottond tract is called
'Tho Second Examination and Confession
of Mothor Afttuw Watorhonno and Jone her
iDauftlitor, upon her avtunomont, with tho
(Jtiostions and Answers of Agues Browne,
the Child on whom the Spirit hauntoth at
tlus proflont, deliberately declared before
Justico Houthcote and Master (ierard, tho
(iiMume Atturnoy, a(J July 1f)( 5(5 '(Lambeth),
Tho third tract* is entit'lod ' The End and
last Confession of Mothor Water-house at
hot Death, iJ9 July 1,500 ' (Lambeth),
[Philip's Twtcts; Collier's Bibliographical Cat,]
a L. '
PHILIP, ^ JOHN" (1776-1851), South
African miionary, was the son of a school-
master of Kirkcaldy, Fife, where he was bonn
on 14 April 1775. At an early age he was
apprenticed to a linen manufacturer in Levgn.
I* or three years, from 1791-, lie filled a clerk
ship m Dundee. Acquiring some repute a
Philip
T S7
Philip
a speMlcer, ho decided to enter the congrega-
tional ministry, and was admitted to Iloxron
Theological Collets, whore he studied for
three years,
After assisting 1 tho "Rev. Mr, Winter at
Nowbury, Berkshire^ he WRN appointed iu
1804 to the , first Heottinh congregational
chapel in (Srout Geoip\ Street, Aberdeen.
Ho remained there until ISIS, when, at tho
invitation ol" tho London Missionary Society,
in who.so work ho had already taken an active
interest, lift joined John Campbell in con-
ducting 1 an inquiry into tho Ktiite of tho
South AiYic.au missions. Tho deputation
landed at Capo Town on ii(5 I<Vl>. 1810, and
found the mission HtatiotiH mueh ne^lertod
and colonial opinion strongly opposed to tho
penthnuethodH favoured by'the nuHmoiumefl
in dealing 1 wit-h the nat.tvoH, Philip asserted
that tho native rariVH \vore oppressed by the
settlers, and in IHiiOwoti forth a policy of con-
ciliation iu a memorial to Ac.tiii^-pfoveirnor
Donkin on behalf of tho UriquiiH ; whilo
Campbell atd he furnished to the Hoeioty in
18i3if a report which tainted the HI! nation in
the darkt^HtcolonpH, r , ^lodirecilorrtof the Lon-
don Missionary Society resolved t-o oHtablinh
a central mi8,sion-houHe at Capo Town, and
appointed Philip tho first superintendent of
their South African Htations, At the wame
time he undertook tho pastorate of the new
Union chapel at C'ape Town, which wa
opened in December iHihJ, For the rest of
Ins working 1 life he made this a centre of
agitation on behalf of the native races, tra-
velling- a great doal through tho borders of
the colony to inspect! tho nuHHion-HtationH and
to collect evidence in mipport of his theories,
Ho supplied tho eonumwHumerM, who vimtod
the Capo in 1H2J, with MtatwticH of bar-
barities alleged to have been committed by
the settlers ; isHned in 18J24 *l)iHtroHwwlSottWfl
in Cape Town ; ' and in TOO v'mittsd England,
to excite I^n^lmh philanthropic opinion in
behalf of tlie ,Hott<'ntotand KafHra. During
)UH stay he wrote and published (April 18285
hia well-known 1 R(^eanilum in South Africa/
a diffuse account of tho Cape mission, con-
taining a bitter attack upon the colonial
government. The Houfle of Commons, on tlw
motion of Sir Thoman Fowell Buxton fq. vl
supported by Sir George Murray, colonial
secretary, resolved, on H) July IftiSft, that the
Cape ffovernmont bo instructed to carry out
Philip a recoinmendat ions, Armod with this
official sanction of hw policy, bo returned
to Africa in October 1829 to fmcl hifl un-
popularity increased, William Mackayjantl-
drost of Someraot, one of the incriminated
officiate, sued Philip for libel. The trial,
which caused immense excitement through-
out tho colony, ended, on 16 July 1830 in
a unanimous verdict for Mackay. Philip's
supporters at home raised a large fund to
mdenmity him against coats, amounting to
1,1 (KM. ; but colonial opinion supported the
verdict,
"With the advont of a whig- government at
home in ,1881, Philip's friends were able to
conl rol the policy of the colonial office. The
now pfovornor, 8ir Benjamin D'Urban, who
nHKumwl oilice in January 18JH, sympathised
with Thilip'H aims. But a Kaifir war fol-
lowed in Oeeembor of the same year, and
on its termination a Britinh protectorate was
oxtond(d over the TraiiHkei. Pliiiip, sup-
ported by a ve,ry few followers, denounced this
settlement, altliou^h cvon the missionaries
Rtatioued among- the Kailira approved of it-
Failing to rt^taiu tho pynDatJiios of tho
gwernor, Philip left for >!n^and on U 28 Feb.
IH.'UJ, with tho MUSH. JUuul, Jan Tshatshu
4 (a Kailir),aud Audrien Rtoille (a Hottentot),
inwhowo company lubinado Hoveral lecturing
tourrt in ( Jront Britain, to rouae public opinion
agaiuHt tho Cape p'overnment, All three ap-
peared in the n,nio year l)(ifore a parlia-
Miemtary committee of inquiry, presided over
by Fowell JJuxton, and i*liilip himself waa
mainly responsible, with the chairman, for
the volutn in oufl report issued in 1837 by the
committee, who adopted Inn views against
a preponderating weight of evidence. Lord
Glenel^ colonial secretary, dismissed Go-
vernor JVUrban, who wan replaced by Major-
general Napier in January 1838, and Pliiiip
returned a month later to act as unofficial
adviser to the new governor in all questions
relating to tho treatment of tho natives. He
advocated tho establishment of a belt of
native Htutwfl to tho north and east of the
colony, and he undertook prolonged tours in
18^9 and 184^ to promote this object. But
freah troubles* soon occurred on the borders,
and the Kufljr war of 1840 finally proved
tho futility of his schemes, Even Mr. Fair-
bairn, editor of the ' Commercial Advertiser/
who tad supported lus policy from the first,
now declared for war. Jan Tshatshu, once
the companion of his English tour, had
joined the invading Kaflir bands, From this
time Philip took little part in public affairs.
His eldest son, William, a missionary of
some promise, had been accident ally drowned
in tho Gamtoos river, near Hankoy, on
1 July 1845, and this lorn greatly affected
hie health, In 1847 his wife died (23 Oct.)
The outbreak of hostilities in the Orange
River territory in. 1848 completely destroyed
Me hopes of maintaining incicpendent native
states against colonial aggression, and in
1849 he severed his connection with politics.
Philip
Phili
He resigned his post at Oape Town, tmd re-
tired to llttukoy, whore he died on i27 Aug.
He
tired
1851.
Philip was a man of good phyMiqne and ot
much energy. A powerful and e.onvintutuy
speaker, ho wan well iitte.d to champion his
cause in England, although in tho colony ho
novorlcd more that) a very small minority.
His friondH were constrained to athuit. that
ho WUH somewhat arbitrary and soil-willed
(WAIUHAW, p, .11 ; Mimtnuny Alaf/nxim*,
1851, pp. 18(!"7). lie did much useful work
In promoting tho interests of education, both
among thocolonistsand the natives; although
his more ambitious plans fmled, ho was the
most prominent politician in (Jape Colony lor
thirty years,
lie was survived by a son, the Uov* 1 ho-
wias Durant Philip, 'also a missionary at
Ilanhoy, and two daughters,
[Tlwal's History of South Africa, vols, Hi, i\ r . ;
JUlph WurdlawVi'Kunoral Sermon with Appen-
dix, 8vo, 1 **">'-*; .Hubert Philip's Tho Klijah of,
South Africa, or tho Character of Urn late John |
Philip, Bvo, London, IKoL; Mihwonury Mii^a- j
sshio tor 18JiO to 18>1; MinHiomiry Kon'istur for ;
1810, &c,| W* 0. II,
PHILIP, JOHN BrilNIW (IBlU lH7fi) T
flculptor,son of William and Kliwibeth Phili]),
\vaw born in London on iiii Nov. IH'JL HIH
family wan originally Hoottish, but had btu^i
lon^ "watled in England At tho a^< of j
Hevcuiteen ho entered the newly estabiisluid
^ovenuniuit school of (Uisi^u nt Homtrset
Hoime, wluu't^ ho studied under John Uogern
llorbtn-t, H,A, [q.v,], and when the latter
reHig'iied hin niastcrshii) and opt^uul a nehool
in Maddox Strtwit, Philip wan one of tho pu-
pils who seceded with him. 1 1 is tuirliost work
wan done in tho houses of parliament, then in
coursw of erection, and this brought, him into
contact with Augustus Welby Northmoro
Pngin [q. v,], "by whom he waH much in*-
iluonced. Philip' first a^pt^ared at the Iloyal
Aeadtuny in 18r>8, sending an alto-relievo of
Michael and Batman for the tympanum of tho
porch of St. Michael's Church, Cornhill,and
n bust of Doan Lyall, and during the next
five years exhibited recumbent eiHgiew of
Qnoen Catherine Parr ( for her tomb at Hude-
delt?y Castle), ( Janon M ill (for Ely Catluulral ),
and the CountoBH of Pembroke and Lord Her-
bert of Lea (for Wilton Church), Among hin
other public oowuniwsionfl were tlus rorodoB
of Ely Cathedral (lHr>7), the monument to
fiir Charles Ilotham at Melbourne (1858),
the reredos of St. Georgo'fl Chnptd, Wiudor
(18(53), the monume.nt to t.h oilicws of tho
Kuropa in York Minstur (1868), a bust of
Kichard Cobden for tho Halifax Chamber of
Commerce (1B67), statues of Lord Elgin and
Colonel Bnhxl for (Calcutta, eight; statues ot"
Icings and (^u*ons for the Koyal (Gallery in
the l*alae.o of \V k st minster, the statues oti
tlu\ front of the Royal Aeadomy, Burlington
House, anil (hi conjnnelion with Mr. II. II.
Armstoad) tho whoh 1 of t.luise on I he tar;alo
of the new foreign niUee. In lS($l, when
Sir (Jilbert Seott's design for a nittionnl nn i -
morial to the Prince (\wsort in Hyde Pnrk
had been aerepted, Philip wan one of the
sculptors who were engaged to carry it out,
and to this his time was almost, exclusively
devoted for eight- years, To him and Mr,
A mislead wius entrusted the cxeetifiim in
marble of the frie7.es on the podium, Philip
undertaking those* on the north and we.sl,
Hides, which were to represent the great
sculptors and airhiteets of the world; this
work, uhich he completed in lS7, and by
which lie is l>est known, was received with
well-disserved adminit ion, the figures, eighty-
Hn ( (Mi in uunihor f being nuwl picluri*M<|uely
and hannoniously grouped and carved in high
relief with groat skill, Philip also modelled
for tho. canopy of tho memorial fuur bronxe
statues of Geometry* (eolgy, PhyHiology,
and l*hilos<nhy,an<l < hi* eight angels clustered
at tho base of the cross on the summit. Philip
<U(1 much deeoratue work mother directions,
Kuc.h ns the oiipttalsof the columns ot^ lUack-
iriars Bridge and sottm of tho ornaments on
the new general pot office, In 187*5 ho
nent to the academy a ehiHHieal ftubjeet,
* NarcissuH,' and in IK7-1 a iignre, of a wait.ing
angel and a marble, panel entitled * Sutler
little children to come unto Me;' bin lust
work WUH the statue t>f (lolonol Alcroyd,
M.I*., eret^ed at Halifax, During the early
part of his career Philip occupied a studio
m liana Place, but later he removeo*to
M<n1,on Villa, Kinp'n Koad, (^helnea; there
h^ <liwl of bronchi tiH, after two days 1 illnesM,
on iJ Mar<$h 1H75, and wart buried in tho
Brompton ctnnetery* Philip married, in 18/54,
I'Yuncofc Black (who in ntili living), and left
IHSUO.
| Uudgravft'H Diet of Art mt; Art Jmirnal,
1H70, p, 144; .Daftbrwi'n Alborf. Memorial, itn
IIiHt'ory and I)m*ripttOH, 1877; Itoyal A<*mlmy
Catalogues; privnto information, | i\ M!. OM).
PHILIP, UOBKET (I791185ft), divine,
born at Huntly in Aberdeennhire in I7i)l,
waw the (dclent son of an aider in the church
of George Cowin, the founder of indepen-
dency in the north of Scotland, II w fatlwr'a
deatK in 180(J WHH followed by hi departure
for Abe,nlen, where he obtained a situation
as cleric in the Grandliolw works* lie de-
veloped the twtcw and aptitudes of a genuine
student, and at the age of ninwteou wan
Philip
159
Philipot
admitted to Hoxton academy. Four years Female Character ' (3rd edit. 1841, 18mo),
later, in 1815, he commenced work as minis- "The Hannahs, or Maternal Influence on
ter at Liverpool and devoted much atten- Sons ' (3rd edit. 1841, 1 2mo) were similarly
tion to the welfare of seamen, for whose published collectively as 'The Young Ladies'
benefit he published a small volume of aer- Closet Library,' and passed through nume-
mons entitled i Bethel Flag, 7 On 1 Jan. rous editions. Philip also published an' In-
1826 he came to London to take charge of troductory Essay to the Practical "Works of
Maberly Chapel, Kingsland, and henceforth the Rev. R. Baxter,' 4 vols. 1838 and 1847;
devoted himself with assiduity to the pro- ' The Life and Opinions of the Rev. William
duct ion of a series of religious manuals, Milne,' 1839 and 1840, 8vo ; 'The Life and
which had a very great vogue in their day Times of the Rev. John Campbell,' 1841,
both in England and America. He became 8 vo ; and ' The Elijah of South Africa,' 1852,
known also as a powerful advocate of the 8vo, a memoir of his friend, John Philip
claims of the London Missionary Society, |"q.v.", the African missionary, Philip -pub-
whose operations he sought to extend, es- lisheci sermons, and pamphlets upon Ciina
pecially in China ; and he was a convinced and the opium question,
opponent of the opium traffic. In 1852 the [Congregational Year Book, 1859, p. 213;
honorary degree of D.D. was conferred upon McClintock and Strong's Cyclopse lia of Biblical
him by Dartmouth College, U.S.A. He re- Literature; Southey's Life and Correspondence,
signed the Maberly Chapel, owing to failing v. 233; Philip's Devotional Guides, ed. Barnes,
health, in 1855, and died at his residence on 1867 ; private information, 1 T. S.
" ' ~ " May 1858. Philip
1867; private information,]
PHILIPHAUGH, LORD (1655-1708),
Scottish judge. [See MURBAY, SIR JAMBS.]
PHILIPOT. [See also PHILPOT.]
PHILIPOT, PHELIPOT, or PHIL-
Newington Green on 1
married, in 1818, Hannah Lassell, the sister
of William Lassell [q. v.], and left issue,
Of Philip's numerous works, most interest
attaches to his ' Life and Times of the Rev. jt XJLXXJJ-JL \j j., j. JLJ.JJJLJJ.J. ^ A, v*. .. J^.^ M -
George Whitefield/ London, 8vo, 1837, and POT, SIB JOHN (d. 1384), mayor of Lon-
his 'Life, Times, and Characteristics of John don, was no doubt a native of Kent, but
Bunvan/ 1839, 8vo. The former was ad- the statement of Heath (Grocers' Company,
Tersely criticised by Sir James Stephen in p, 182) that he was born at Upton Court in the
the ' Edinburgh Review,' Ixvii. 506, Both parish of Sibertswold or Shebbertswell, near
are largely composed of extracts and are Dover, cannot be correct, though the, estate
of small biographical value, but both are was held by his descendants (HASTED, ix.
somewhat remarkable on account of the 377). He bore the same arms sable, a bend
vigour and originality of their style and the ermine as the Philipots of Philpotts, near
strength of their evangelical tone. His other Tunbridge (ib. v. 224 ; STOW, Survey of Lon-
works include : 1. * Christian Experience : don, bk. v. p. 114). His first wife brought
G-uide to the Perplexed,' 1828, 12mo ; 10th him the manor of the Grench (or Grange) at
edit. 1847, 18mo. 2. ' Redemption, or the Gillingham, near Chatham.
New Song in Heaven,' 1834 and. 1838, 18mo. Philipot became a member of the Grocers'
3. ' The God of Glory : Guide to the Doubt- Company of London (founded in 1345 by the
ing' 5th edit. 1838, 18mo. 4, t Eternity amalgamation of the pepperers and spicerers),
Realized : Guide to the Thoughtful/ 6th one of whose earliest members was a Phely-
edit. 1839, 18mo. 5. 'On Pleasing God: pot Farnham, and he soon accumulated con-
Guide to the Conscientious,' 3rd edit. 1837, aiderable wealth (HEATH, pp. 47, 56). Ed-
18rno. 6. 'Communion with God: Guide ward III gave him the wardship of the heir of
to the Devotional/ 7th edit. 1847, 18mo. Sir Robert de Ogle [q.v.] in 1362, appointed
These six works were republished with an him in the following year a receiver of for-
introductory essay by Albert Barnes in New feitures on merchandise at Calais, and in
York in 2 vols. 12mo, and again in 1867, 1364 licensed him to export thither wheat
in 1 vol. 8vo, under the title of ' Devotional and other victuals (DUQDALE, Baronage, ii.
Guides.' Two other volumes' Manly Piety 262 ; Fosdera, iii. 693, 741, Rec. ed.) Phili-
in its Principles 7 (2nd edit. 1837, 18mo) pot lent the king money and acted as his -aay-
and ' Manly Piety in its Realisations' (2nd master (Brantinff ham's Issue Roll, p. ..45;
edit. 1837, 18mo) -were republished in New DEVON, Issues, p. 195). He sat for London
York in one volume, 1838, as ' The Young in the parliament of February 1371, in which.
Man's Closet Library.' The four works the clerical ministers were removed, and in
' The Marys, or Beauty of Female Holiness ' the great council summoned in ^ June to
(3rd edit. 1840, 18mo), 'The Marthas, or remedy the miscalculations of their succes-
Varieties of Female Piety' (3rd edit. 1840, sors (Returns of Members, i. 185-6). In the
18ino), 'The Lydias, or Developments of crisis after the Good parliament, Philipot,
Philipot
160
Philipot
)ro [q. v,], a fellow-
grocer, and also connected with Kent, and
'William Walworth [q. v.], headed tho op-
position of tho ruling party in London to
John of Gaunt, duke of Lancaster, who found
support among tho lessor traders then en-
gaged, under tho leadership of John do
Northampton [q, v.], inattaddng thomono-
poly of municipal power onjoyod by this great
companion.
()u tho collnp.so of tho Good parliament
tho Dnlco of Lancaster proposed m the par-
liamentwhieh ho packed in January 1$77 to
replace the mayor by a captain, and give tho
inarrthal of England power of arrest within
the cit.y (U) .fcVb, 1 ) Philipot is said to have
risen and declared that the city would never
submit to such an infraction of its liberties;
hut this must be a mistake, an lie did not- nit.
in this parliament ((J/irnntt'on, Ant/ 1 it?, p. 1 1*0;
Xtetunut of Mpmhtw, i. 10(1). The proposal,
coupled witht ho insult indiotedon the bishop
of London (William (Jourtcuay) by Ijfiu-
castor tin d the marshal (Henry Percy* first
earl of North umborland I'q, v.]) at tlio trial
of \\lelif a few hours later, provoked the
riot of tho following day, when Lancaster
and Percy had to ily for* their lives, Lau-
castor fail <ul to prevent tho deputation of
tho citizens, headed by Philipot,, from ob-
taining 1 an interview with tho old long, who
hoard their explanations and gave them, a
gracious answer. But tho duke wan iinplu~
cable, and tho city oilieers nought to appease
him by a somewhat humiliating: repara-
tion, Tho citizens m a body, however,
would have nothing* to do with it, and
though tho Icing, at LtmeaHter's instigation,
turned out tho mayor (Staple), they at once
($1 March) chose Brmnbro in liis wtoad
(Coll&etionH of a London (tit few t p, i$f>l j
dhron. Aw/L pp. T27, liJJJ; .Fwtiem, iii,
1076),
As ftoon aR tho ]<ing T H death , on 21 Juno
1')77, became Imovw in the city, an influen-
tial deputation waa Kent to tho young prince
Kichard IE and his mother, and Philipot, act-
ing as spokesman, assured him of tho loyalty
of t ho city, and boggod him to reconcile them
with tho J)ulc(j of LauoaHtor (Chnw, Ant/L
p. 147),^ Tho triumph of the pnncipitm
of tho Good parliament m th( first parlia*
jnont of tho new resign (Octoben* 1^77) wan
marked by the appointment of Philipot and
'Walworttt, at tho riujmwt of tlut commons,
to be treasurers of the monoyH granted for
the war with France, (Hot, /W/, iii, 7 r 34),
They and other London merchant** lent tho
It ing IO,Q00/on the socurity of thrws crowns
jind other rojral jewels (>Wrm, iv. 31-S),
The capture of the Ho of Wight and burning
of Hastings by the. French, and the, snizuro
by a Scot, tho son of one John Alo.rcor t wit-h
a squadron of Scott i.sh, French, and Spaninh
ships*, of a number of Kuglish merehunt vtM-
wolw at (Scarborough, moauwhilo threw tlie
country into a Ktate of grout, alarm, which
was aggravated by vehement suspicions of
the loyalty of John of (Jaunt to bus youn^
nophow. Philipot. rapidly fitted out a .small
squadron and a thousand armed men, at his
own oxpoiuso, pursuod Mereer, and wreslod
from him his pme,s f and iiff,oo,n Spanish
vessels as well ( ( '///(>;/.<, -I nt/l. p, MMM. lUrt
patriotism uiul HUCCOSH roused those who re-
sented tho national humiliation to groat
enthusiasm, ami wort* boldly contrasted with
tho inactivity, if not tronciiory, <if the duke
mid the mn^natoM. lli tlie.reby incurred tho
ill-will of t bo nobles, who sneered nt Kaehard
as * king of London/ and declared thut Plnll-
pot. had no right to act us lie bad done on hi
t own responsibility. But he roundly told the
Karl of Station!, win* nmnlaineo! to him of
his aotton, that if l-ho noMos hiul not loft
| th<^ country exposed to invasion ho would
! never have interferetl (//;. p, UOO). At the
Ii(ught'< of his ponularit v be was choHtn mayor
for l! f >7H !), and lillotl tluM)iUn with bin usual
activity and gouorosity. Ho had the city
ditch cleaned out, levying a rate of fivopcnce
per household for t-ho purpoHO, and enforcel
ordor and justice so admirably that bin
measures were talcon w a precedent nearly
forty yearn lutor (Stow, *S f j/,nvi/ *\f huufani
We. I p, W; Ltfwr Albm, i, 6V). Lord
Beauohamp of UlotHho in December l'$70
appointed Philipot one of hi exiwutow,
bequeathing him * my groat cup gilt which
the King of Navarre gavt* me* (Tpatwwnttt
Y?tmt<ti p. KM), In tho yar aftt^r hm
mayoralty he* earntnl tho eirusiv*^ gratitude
of tlu^ city by defraying thn cont of one tf
two wtone tttwors, sixty feet high, built below
'London Hridgo T betweeti whit^h a chnin wn
Huspetuled across the rixer to nHtiretlu* safety
of the city atid whipping' ugawKt poHHible
Kronch attat^kw (Rn*wv, McnMrinln, p. 4 1 1),
IT WUH a member of the <*ommiHiou ap
pointed in March of that your, at the requertt
of the commons, to inquire how far tho heavy
taxation could bo lightened by greater eco-
nomy in udmwiHtmtwn (tfat**l*ttrL iii. 17*$),
IIo may have nut in thin parliament, but the
London^ writH are wanting, In thin summer
be provided nhipH for tbe Karl of Bucking
ham*H xprlitiou to Brittany; and when the
delay in starting fomul many to p'hulgrthoir
armour, I'hilipot, M tlie 8t A'lhanH ohronuslor
httard from liw own lijw* r^ditumod no fewer
than a tlumflawl jft<*k { (,%nm, An</L p, iJU(J),
It was to him thai the intercepted IU
Philipot
161
Philipot
spondence of Sir Ralph. Ferrers with the
French, was brought, and Ferrers being with
John of Gaunt in the north, Philijot
journeyed thither and saw him safely in-
terned in Durham Castle (ib. p. 278).
At the crisis of the peasants' revolt, in June
1381, Philipot came with the mayor to the
young king's assistance, and Walworth having
slain Tyler in Smithfield, he and four other
aldermen were knighted with Walworth on
the spot (RTLEY, p. 451 ; FA.BYAIST, p. 531).
He was granted an augmentation of his coat-
armour; and it may have been now that
Richard gave aim an estate of 4(M. a year
(HEATH, p. 184 ; HASTED, iv. 237). In No-
vember he again represented London in par-
liament (^Returns of Member^ i. 208) . Fil ing
the same position in the May parliament of
the next year, Philipot was put on a com-
mittee of merchants to consider the proposed
loan for the king's expedition to France, and
was appointed a ' receiver and guardian ' of
the tonnage and poundage appropriated to
the keeping of the sea (Rot. Par I. iii. 123-4).
But John of Northampton, who was now
mayor and busy depressing the influence of
the greater companies, had him deposed from
Ins office of alderman (WALSIWHAM, ii. 71).
In the spring and summer of 1383 Philipot
carried out the transport arrangements for
Bishop Spencer and his crusaders, and sat for
London in the October parliament (ib. pp.
88, 95; DEVON, p. 222; Returns of Members,
i, 218).
He died in the summer of 1384, 'not
leaving his like behind in zeal for the king
and the realm,' and was buried with his
second (?) wife before the entrance into the
choir of the Greyfriars Church (now Christ
Church), London (Chron. AngL p. 359;
HASTED, iv. 239). He left his manor at
Gillingham to his second son, whose son
John exchanged it, in 1433, for Twyford,
Middlesex, with Richard, son of Adam
Bamme, mayor of London in 1391 and 1397
(ib.) A chapel which Philipot built there
, was used as a barn in Hasted's time, and
is figured in the ' Bibliotheca Tppographica
Britarfnica' (No. vi. pt. i.) His house in
London was in Lan^bourne Ward, on the
site <of the present Philpot Lane, which was
named after him (PlEATH, p. 184). He be-
queathed lands to the city of London for the
relief of thirteen poor people for ever (STOW,
bk. i. '}. 261).
PhOpot was at least twice married to
Marjery Croydon, daughter of Richard Croy-
don, alderman of London, who brought him
the manor at Gillingham ; and to Jane
Stamford (HASTED, iv. 236, 239). Hasted
mentions two sons. A daughter, Margaret
VOL. XLV.
Philpot, married, first, T. Santlor, and, se-
condly, John Neyland, and dying after 1399,
was buried in the church of the Greyfriars
(STOW, Survey, bk. iii. p. 133 ; Liber Albus,
i. 682). Descendants of his dwelt at TJpton
Court, Sibertswold, near Dover, until the
reign of Henry VII,
[Eotuli Parliamentorum ; Kymer's Fcedera,
Eecord ed. ; Returns of Members of Parliament,
1878 (Blue Book) ; Kalendars and Inventories
of the Exchequer, Issue Roll of Brantingham,
and Devon's Issues published by the Record
Commission ; Chronicon Anglite, 1328-88; Wai-
sin gham's Hiatoria Anglicanaaud the Liber Allms
in Rolls Ser. ; Collections of a London Citizen
(Camden Soc.); Stow's Survey of London, ed.
Strype, 1720 ; Heath's Grocers' Company, 1829;
Herbert's Livery Companies; Riley's Memorials
of London ; Haafced's History of Kent, 8tli ed.
1797 ; Sir Harris Nicolas's Testamenta Vetusfca.'J
J. T-T.
PHILIPOT, JOHN (1589 P-1645), So-
merset lierald, son of Henry Philpot and his
wife, daughter and coheiress of David Leigh,
servant to the archbishop of Canterbury,
was born at Folkestone, Kent, between 1587
and 1592. His father, who possessed con-
siderable property in Folkestone, and w.ho
had been mayor of the town, was lessee of
the rectorial tithes, and was buried in the
parish church in 1603. From his will, dated
in 1602, it appears that his son was then a
boy at school. The family name was Philpot,
but John insisted upon inserting; an l i ' be-
tween the two syllables. At the end of 1612
he married Susan, only daughter and heir of
"William Glover, one of the gentlemen ushers'
daily waiters in the court of James L Her
father's brother was Robert Glover (1544-
1588) [q. y.], Somerset herald, to whom no
doubt Philipot owed his introduction to the
College of Arms, lie was appointed a pur-
suivant-of-arms extraordinary, with the title
of Blanch Lion, in October 1618, and on
19 Nov. he was created Rouge Dragon
pursuivant-in-ordinary. By his office he
was brought into close connection with "Wil-
liam Camden, for whom he entertained pro-
found respect. Camden frequently nominated
him as his deputy, or marshal, in hie visita-
tions; and Sir Richard St. George, when
Clarenceux, and Sir John Burroughs, when
Norroy, employed him in the same capacity.
He visited Kent in 1619, Hampshire in 1622,
Berkshire and Gloucestershire in 1623, Sus-
sex in 1633, and Buckinghamshire, Oxford-
shire, and Rutland in 1634.
In 1622 Ralph Brooke, York herald,
brought an action against Philipot in. the
court of common pleas for his share of the
fees given to the heralds and pursuivants on.
Philipot
162
Philipot
two groat occasions of state ceremonial t < V/.
State JPaper*, bom. iOl'.MJtt, p, MO). What,
tho result was is not stated. On 10 July
Kiiitf Philipot; was appointed by the hintf to ,
the otth'.e of baiUH'ol' Sandwich, und ho also |
held the position of lieutenant or chief ^im-J
nor in the tort of Tilbury, with the let' of,
one -shilling a day. On H July lO'JI ho \va <
created Somerset herald at Arundol Hottse
hi tho Strand in Htuu'eH.sion to Robert. Ores*
well, who had beeu compelled by emhanmsod
eircumHtawioH to well IUN ollieo (Noiiu-l, f W-
kfffitf Arm, ^ V JU). Ou JW) Jan, l<!:7 H
John Jacob ol Faver.sham, Morgoant of the
admiralty of lihe Oimmo ports, complained to
&ir Edward Nicholas |(j, v. Lueerel ury of Ht ute,
tlmt ' iti the port of Favorslmm John IMulpot,
A herald, hoops an admiralty court, whereby |
ho dlHpoHHCHHc.H the duke ([,\w lord warden)
of the wrecked goodn which tbe lishermeu
bring in,' There exist letterw and warrnntn
in UiM and HilU by and to
Philipot; a.a steward of this royal manors of
GilUngham and (train. Tu UXM he was
Hmt abroad to knight William Bonvilo, and
HOMCJ ro.miiiiHWwt'OH of this, or of a Hiilwo-
quent visit to France, orour at the end of
hifl church not<m in tho .British JMusoum
(Ilarlrian M& 917). Two years later he
wa,s apftiin despatched to the continent to
invest with the order of the darter ("Iharltm
Ludovic, count palatine of t>\w Uliin<* and
duke of Bavaria, who was then with the
army in Brabant.
He, was one of those heralds who> on tho
outbreak of the civil war, adhered to the eauao
of the hinft, and ho accompanied Oharles to
Oxford, There ho was croatod D.O.L, 18 July
164 (Wool), Faftti Own. d, Bliss, ii, (W).
Shortly afterwards he attimdod Charles I at
tho siege of Gloucester, and was tlio bearer
of tho king's summons to the citiwmH to
surrender that city on 10 Aug** 104ft (\VAHU-
BOUKNB, HihL OlooestrcmiSj introd,) The scone
has boon, admirably pamtod by R, Dowling",
After his return to Oxford lie took up his
quarters at Chawley in tho parish of Cum-
nor, aome two miles from tho city, Bomg
captured there by some parliamentary Aol-
diera of the garrison of Abingdcm, he was
sent a prisoner to London in or about 1044,
"but lie was soon set at liberty; It was the
king's intention to reward his loyalty by
giving him the post of Norroy kmg-of-arma,
"but he died prematurely, in great obacuritv,
in London, and was buried on 25 Nov. 1045
within the precincts of the church of St.
Benet, St. Paul's Wharf* His wife survived
till 1064,, and lies buried, together with her
eldest daughter Susan, in Eltham church,
His principal work ia : L ' Yillare Can-
tianum; or, Kent wnrvoyed and illustrated,
Being HU exact' dt'Kcnptionof nil the Parish^,
Kurrouj^hH, Villages, and other respective
Mannors inelndrd in the County of Kent;/
London, lav,) and UJtU, inl; :nd edit, cor-
rected, London, l'/7i> t fol. This work was
published lv and under the name of Thomas
Philipot <jt v,|, the author'n son, who thus
oridoavoittvd dishonestly to pnhn it oil* an Inn
own. At the end of tho hook in 4 An His-
torieal Catalogue of the nigh-Shoritlrt of
Kent.'
Of PhilipotV* Virtitntioiw ' there have heeu
published that of Kent, taken in KHO, mid
edited hyJ. J. Howard, London, IHOJJ, Bvo
(reprinted from the 4 AndtaMiio^iaOtintiautt/
vol. iv, ); oft t loudest erwhire ( hy (ho Harleiuu
vSooietv, iSSo) ; and of Oxfordshire, KliH,
of which a manuscript copy in in the. Har-
leinn collet^tton. No. MHO (llarloinn Society,
1H71), There, remain in nmnuHcript vinita-
tionn of HerUshins KI'J.H ( Uarleian MS,
liWJ); of SUHHOX, ltJ;t:i( Hm-leian MSS, 1 1:15
und l'JO(J), and of Hncking-hainMhire, KWU
(Hurlciun MS, 110JM, t
FlulipotV other pnhlicationH wt^re.; 1. ^Lwt
of the (NuiHtahloH of Dover Oastleaud War-
douH of the tHwjno FortH/ l(>i!7 (do<li(*al( k d
to (Jeorg'e, tlnko of Buckingluun)* iJ. <r Fhe
Catalogue of the ( ! Iutu(*e,ll(*rH of Hng-land, the,
Lord KoepcrH of theClrtntt Boalo ; and the,
Lord Tn k iwnrerB of Kn^htnd, Wit.Ii a (u>l-
hu'tiou of divorn that have. lxene MiwterH of
tho UolloH/ ^ ptH, London, UJIUi, 4 to, dedi-
cated to the Marl of Arttmlol (compiled from
tho mamwenpt.H of Uobort (Hover, rtomeract
herald), ij, * A perfect. coUec.tton, or Oata-
lo^uo of all K night B BachelanrH made by
Kin*( JameH muoe, his conunin^ to the, Orown
of Kng'laml, faithfully extracted out of the
Kecordn/ London, M1UO, Hvo.
Among I^hilipoi'H unpnhlinhod worlw aw:
'I/wt of tho KlionifH of t/iiieolnHhiro/ HKJOP
(Addit. MS, HUH, p, 407); MJollcctionH for
a History of Kent* (LiuiHdow MHS yti7,
2((8, i!(JJJ, ii70); f A Ocillocttim of Mouu-
ttKmtd* and A raw in Ohurcht^ of Ktmt, with
a iew podigrooB iuHcrtud* (Ilarhuaii MB*
3017),
Philipot alo edited the fifth edition of
Oamdtm'n * Kemainos ' in 1030, and prefixed
" -" *^'Di8-
l l
WCJblU^iUifcfl 4M,3UiOi*At%JJ3 A** AWWj **%* |f*w*A*iNWi
Kngliwh vwflOfl to Aagustino VincEt s * Difl
covery of Errors,' KJ2S3. To him is ^wrongl
Arma, wlwather AppTentiooahipextmguisheth
Gentry/ London, 16 4 20; reprinted with an
altered title-page In 1074 (c'f BBYDOBS, Om-
mraZit 1806. i, 267; Addit, MS, 24488,
f. 110),
Thilipot
163
Philipot
[Memoir appended to Rev. W.A.Scott Robert-
son's Mediaeval Folkestone, 1876; Addit. MS.
24490, f. 2306; Beloe'a Anecdotes, vi. 317-23 ;
Brydges's Restituta, i. 467 ; Camdeni Epi-
stolae, p. 352 ; Daliaway's Science of Heraldry ;
Foster's Alumni Oxon. early ser.iii. 1160; Gent.
Mag. 1778, p. 590 ; (rough's British Topography ;
Hasted's Kent, vol. i. pp. iv, 63, 103, new edit.
i. 20, 79?*., 197 n., 198 w., 203 and n. t 210, 215,
257, 283 ; Hearne's Curious Discourses, ii. 446 ;
Hearne's Remarks and Collections (Doble), ii.
154; Hist. MSS. Comm. llth Kep. pt. vii.p.225;
Kennett's Life of Somner, p. 37 ; Lowndes's
Bibl. Man. (Bohn), p. I860 ; Moule's Bibl,
Heraldica. pp. 119, 157, 193; Nichols's Lit.
Anecd. viii. 716 ; Noble's College of Arms,
pp. 212, 218, 220, 245 ; Notes and Queries, 3rd
ser. xii. 390, 486, 4th ser. i. 31, 352, 426; Gal.
State Papers ; Upcott's English Topography, i.
352, 353.] T. 0.
PHILIPOT, THOMAS (d. 1682), -poet
and miscellaneous writer, son of John P aili-
pot [q. v.], Somerset herald, by Susan, his
wife, only daughter and heir of William
Glover, was admitted a fellow-commoner
of Clare Hall, Cambridge, on 10 Feb. 1632-
1633, and matriculated on 29 March 1633.
He graduated M.A. regiis literis on 4 Feb.
1635-6, and was incorporated in that degree
at Oxford in July 1640. Wood says i he was,
"by those that well knew him, esteemed a
tolerable poet when young, and at riper years
well versed in matters of divinity, history,
and antiquities ' (Fasti Oxon. ed. Bliss, i.
518). He was buried at Greenwich on
30 Sept. 1682 (HASTED, Kent, 1886, i. 118).
By his will, dated 11 Sept. 1680, after de-
vising certain premises to Clare Hall, Cam-
bridge, for establishing two Kentish fellow-
ships, he left his houses in the town of
Eltham and a field (sold in 1866 to the
commissioners of woods and forests for
650Z.) to the Clothworkers' Company to esta-
blish six almshouses for four people from
Eltham and two from Chislehurst, allowing
them 5. each a year. Philipot published as
his own in 1659 his father's * villare Can-
tianum.'
His genuine works are : 1. ' Elegies offer' d up
to the Memory of William Glover, Esquire,
late of Shalston in Buckinghamshire/ Lon-
don, 1641, 4to. 2. ' A congratulatory Elegie
offered up to the Earle of Essex, upon his in-
vestiture with the dignitie of Lord Chamber-
laine/ London, 1641, 4to. 3. ' Poems,' Lori-
don, 1646, 8vo ; dedicated to the Earl of
Westmorland. In one copy the date is cor-
rected in manuscript to 3 Feb. 1645 (BftYDGES,
Jtestituta, i. 232). 4. 'An Elegie offer'd
unto the memory of his Excellencie Robert,
Earle of Essex .... late Generall of the Par-
liaments forces ' [London, 1646], small sheet,
fol. 5. ' England's Sorrow for the losse of
their late Generall, or an epitaph upon his
Excellencie Robert, Earle of Essex, &c., who
died Sept. 15, 1646 ; with a perfect memoriall
of the particular services and battels that he
himself was engaged in person/ London,
1646, small sheet, fol. 6. < An Historical
Discourse of the First Invention of Naviga-
tion, and tlie Additional Improvements of
it. With the probable Causes of the Va-
riation of the Compasse, and the Varia-
tion of the Variation. Likewise some Re-
flections upon the Name and Office of Ad-
mirall. To which is added a Catalogue of
those Persons that have been from the first
Institution dignified with that Office,' Lon-
don, 1661, 4to; dedicated to Sir Francis
Prujean, M.D. [q. v.] j reprinted in the t Har-
leian Miscellany,' vol. ii. 8. t The Cripples
Complaint,' a sermon, 1662, 4to. 9. ' The Ori-
ginal and Growth of the S panish Monarchy
united with the House of Austria ... to
which are added several discourses of those
accessions and improvements in Italy, Africk,
with the East and West-Indies that are now
annexed .... to the Diadem of Spain,' Lon-
don, 1664, 8vo. 10. ' The English Life of
/Esop ' prefixed to Francis Barlow's edition
of the < Fables,' London, 1666, fol. 11. ' An-
tiquitas Theologica et Gentilis, or two Dis-
courses ; the first concerning the Original of
Churches, and their Direct or Collateral
Endowments. The second touching the
Religion of the Gentiles, their Temples,
Priests, Sacrifices, and other Ancient Ri-
tuals,' London, 1670, 12mo ; dedicated to Sir
Philip Warwick, knt. 12. ' The Descent of
King Stephen as extracted from that emi-
nent family of the Earls of Blois and Cham-
paigne ; ' appended to T. Southouse's ( Mo-
nasticon Favershamiense,' 1671. 13. ' A brief
Historical Discourse of the Original and
Growth of Heraldry, demonstrating upon
what rational Foundations that Noble and
Heroick Science is established/ London,
1672, 8vo ; dedicated to John, earl of
Bridprewater. 14. ' A Phylosophical Essay,
treating of the most Probable Cause of that
Grand Mystery of Nature, the Flux and Re-
flux: or /Flowing and Ebbing of the Sea/
London, 1673, 4to ; dedicated to Sir John
Marsham, bart. 15. * Self-Homicide-
Murther ; or some Antidotes and Argu-
ments gleaned out of the Treasxxries of our
Modern Casuists and Divines, against that
Horrid and Reigning Sin of Self-Murther,
London, 1674, Ito ; dedicated to John Up-
ton, esq., of Newington Hall, Middlesex,
He contributed English verses to (a) Fisher's
'Marston Moor/ 1650; (t>) Cartwri&ht's
'Comedies/ 1651; (c)BenlowesVTheophila/
M2
Philippa
164
PhlHppa
W>i; (W) BoynV <Kneas his Decent into
Hell/ HJIU ; (r) Sout house's *MonnstU'on
MHS,
[Addifc.
Urydges's Ptw
Koviow, 177H,
of
,')878 , 4H, atl'.M) 1 '2!1
:v I, it. !HO;> i. JitiH; iVi
B ,253; l)alla\vv,y's S.'ieni'
Hovahlry, p. li-Mi"; Foster's Alumni O\on., early
WM-ies, ni. 1100; Ut>nt. Maj^ 177H, p, MO^;
<twip?li's Krit Mi Topography, i. -Mli ; HaNted's
Koiit, 1HH5 i, 107, I'M %M ; 1 1 earned KtmurkM
and (Jolloelioim (Dohle), ii. J">*: Mottle's IKbl.
Ileraldiea, pp. 182, 1HH; Noblo'is Oolb'^o of
Anns, p, 240, | T. <'
P H ILIP P A o F M A i N" A i ^ t /r ("1 > $ M ? 1 f ' ^ ,
queen of Kdward 111, <lnti^hter of William,
called the (lood, Oount of Holland and
Hainault (t?. 1M7), mid his eonntess Jeanne
(//. I.S-PJ), daughter of Charles of Vulots
(tL LW)), won of Philip III of France, was
ioni in or about MM. When Isabella
PJli2 K%H)
Y, |, ijueeu of
Mdward
\vas in Uaimuilt wit It her son Kdward in
13-0, nh<^ arrati^'ed a marrisijjfe betw<en him
and Philippa, While at th<
' nt the abbey of Peterborough, atul wtnit. on
to YorU, where .she wan married to the kinpr
on the -lOth | ,\nuttlt\* I \nt /////, ap, (ytrontctw
folwttrtl 7/j i, JtlV.M. Her Fh^mish atto.n*
datits I hen lor the most, part returned homo,
though H yHtn^ es^tiin*, Walter Manny
|i,i. v.|, remained with her Jo wait uion lu!r
(,:!UHVN tvi-; Bin., u.*O On lo May t se kinp^
jhnlpnl himself to asM^n her the do\ver in
'amh* and ronts promisi^l on his bihulf by
the hl**hop of Liehiiehl ( /'riv^vv/, ti. 74i),
At the time of her marriage Philippa wan
in her fourteenth year (FuoissAUT, i, ii85).
Her marriage wan of politintl
(jiueen Isaiudla hud nlrend_
marrtH^fe port ion in hiring 1 troops that helped
her to depose her husband and Met her son
on the throne; Isabella lauded in Kn^'buul
with a lar^o body of Uainuulters under
Philippa's uiu*le, Sir John of Haiuault, In
the war with Seotlnn<l in IW7 Sir John and
his Hainaulters took a prominent' part., It
s, however, whon Kdwawl wan tmterin^
to Count William ntiuesl inf( him t< send
"him his daughter. The e,otmt agreed, pro-
vicUul that tlun pope, allowed the. marriage ;
fora diHjMmsnt ion was ju^'-ssary , us the. younjjf
Vnig 1 and Philippa wert) eouwinH, both beitig'
great -grand child ran of Philip 1 U of France,
At KcKvard'K miuoHt tlw dis]Misatiou wan
rminlwl bv John XXII (7'Wm/, it, 71U,
count \s court at, i on hU lonpr war with I'Vanee thnUiin uar
re with Philippa ria|(e wan Mpeeinlly imporiunt to him, for it,
than with her HwterM, and when lie took g'ave lum a claim on the alliance of hU
loavo of her H!IC, Inirnt. into tears before the <ptecn'n lather and hntther, her hrotheiM-iti-
oourt, and umonMitly det^lared before the law the Kmjterot' Lew'iH of Bavaria and Wil-
ttHHCimbUwl company that, nhn WIIK weeping Ham, nwnpUM of Juliers, nml Bother priure
iecause Hlwluidlo ptirt with him (KuotwutT, and lord's and her abiding atlection forhm*
i, W>, od, Luce), The next year, when Mil- own pconle helped forward his plann, With
ward had become lihitf, he stmt amlms,sail*>rs Philippa M marriage with Mdward must, pro-
bably be connected his efforts to persunda
Flemish wenvern to settle in Kn^hwd and
pursue and tearh their trade there(C^'NNiNO-
HAM, 7v'/*/////* /Httnutry amf ('tuntiwrri', L i),
H^L*). Many of those alien workmen appear
to have settled in Norwich, and it js pruhablo
that the ipieeu took it personal interest, in
granted by John XXII (Kiv/rm, it, 7PJ, thtm'welfare t lor she visited t ho city several
7 1 4),and Philippa was pr<^vidmlly her fat Ivor times, in 1840, UUt',and Kill (Bu>auwiHU>,
with all Huch apparel an Ixscatne hor future AVi;/r;M% i. H.T 8).
dignity (.THUAN LK BBL, L 7(1), In October On Kd ward's return from ^'ranoo in Juno
the Icing' Hont \lam\v <lu Northburg'h |q. v,], HW.) \w hastened to rejoin _ his wife at
bishop of hicjltOoldj to Valenciennrwto marry Windsor [sen under KmVAKD I III She, was
Philippa to him by proxy and declare her crowned at WoHtmiiwtor on -1 March I MO,
dower (Fwfortt, U/71H-1J?), nml on *JO Nov. and on I* r ) June, at Woodstock, bom her
first, child, I'M ward [tj. v ; |, called the Black
Prince, Her minus \vu Kntherine, daughter
of Sir Adam Bananter of Shevit^ton, Ltai-
cashing ami wile of Sir John Ilaryngtou of
g-allant suite, and landed at Dover on&$ Doc. Fnrleton in that county (BKi/rtf, Order of
Tliero !H) wan met by her undo, Sir John of the Gnrt^ p, 2 14), h^Hoptombor 1IJJM aho
llainault, the king 1 buinjf engaged in the- had a narrow escape at a tournament tn
north In negotiations wit h Scotland. After ( lhnpul(t, for the Htuwl from which she. and
8toj)pin# at Oantorbury to olfw at tho Bhrine her ladies woro watching the proecedin^a
of St, Tixomas the arcliVuHhop, nhe proceeded broke? dowu t and they were, all thrown to tho
to London, whore she was roceivw] with TC-* ground. Noithur mm nor hor uttondtintft
joicing, and was protttmlod with gifte of the were injuwd, though many olhnrn were- badly
value of three "tiuudred marks, leaving hurt. The cmrpenlcm would have. snOwnl
London on the 27th, she spent 1 Jan, L'&JH for their negligence had who not interceded
.Bartholomew, lord Bur#)iersh ((L 1855)
[q, v.], and William do Clinton were com-
missioned to escort her to England (ifo* p,
7*>4). She embarked at Wissant with a
Philippa
165
Philippa
for them on her knees with the king and his
friends. Her pitifulness on this occasion
excited general love for her (GEOFFREY LE
BAKER, p. 48 ; Annales Paulini, p, 355 ;
MURIMUTH, p. 63). After spending 1 Christ-
mas 1333 with the king at Wallingford, she
parted from him when the festival was over,
and went to Woodstock, where she bore a
daughter, Isabella. While she was there, in
February 1334, a letter was addressed to
her by the chancellor and masters of the
university of Oxford, praying her to write
to the pope on their behalf against the at-
tempt to set up a university at Stamford to
which many of the Oxford students had
seceded (Collectanea, i. 8, Oxf. Hist. Soc.)
She was at Bamborough apparently in the
winter of 1335, when the king was at war
with Scotland. The Scots, under the Earl
of Moray, made an attempt on the town,
were met and defeated before they reached it,
and the earl was brought to the queen as a
prisoner ^KNIGUITOIT, col. 2567). She is said
to have taken part in a chivalrous ceremony
called the 'vow of the heron' in 1338
(Political Poems t i. 23), and, being about to
cross over to Flanders with the king, received
from him 564J. 3s. &d. for horses, dress, and
jewels (Fosdera, ii, 1059).
She landed at Antwerp with Edward in
July, accompanied him on his journey to
Coblentz as far as Herenthals, and returned
to Antwerp, where, on iJ9 Nov., she bore
her son Lionel (afterwards Duke of Cla-
rence) [q. v.] In 1339 the king's need of
money forced him to pledge her crown,
which was not redeemed until 1342 (ib. p.
1210). She stayed at Antwerp, Louvain,
Brussels, and Ghent, where she was left at
St. Peter's Abbey by the king in February
1340, when he proceeded to Antwerp and
thence to England. During his absence in
March she bore her son John of Gaunt "q.v.],
and was constantly visited by Jacob van
Artevelde and the ladies of the city. Having
been rejoined by the king, she accompanied
him to England in November. In 1342 she
received a visit from her brother William,
count of Hainault, and a tournament was
held in his honour at Eltham, at which he
was hurt in the arm. She was also present
at a great tournament held that year at
Northampton, where many were seriously
hurt (MTJRIMTTTH, p. 124 ; NICOLAS, Orders
of Knighthood, i. Introd. p. Ixxx). On 20 Nov.
the king gave her the custody of the earldom,
of Richmond granted to her son John of
(Jaunt, together with full powers as guardian
of him and her other younger children and
of their lands (Fcedem, ii. 1214-15). She
was staying in the Tower of London when the
king returned from Brittany in March 1343,
and, having been joined by him there, spent
Easter with him at Havering atte Bower in
Essex. When Edward held his festival of the
' Round Table 'at Windsor in January 1344,
at which there was jousting for three days
and much magnificence, Philippa took part in
the rejoicings, splendidly apparelled, and at-
tended by a large number of ladies (Mum-
MTTXH, p. 155 ; FROISSART, iii. 41, 258). She
made some vow of pilgrimages to places over
sea, and in 1344 appointed a proxy to per-
form it for her (Fcedera, iii. 18). On the
death of her brother Count William in 1345,
Ther inheritance in Zealand was claimed by
the king on her behalf (ib. pp. 61, 65, 80).
During Edward's absence on the campaign
of Cr6cy, David, kino- of Scotland, was de-
feated and taken prisoner at the battle of
Neville's Cross, near Durham, on 17 Oct. 1346.
Jehan le Bel and Froissart relate that the
English forces were summoned by Philippa,
though her son Lionel was the nominal
guardian of the kingdom ; that she met and
harangued them at Newcastle before the
battle ; and Froissart says that after the
battle she rode from Newcastle to the field,
and remained there that day with her army
(JEKAN LE BEL, ii. 109-10 ; FROISSART, iv.
18-29). As this is not confirmed by any
known English or Scottish authority, it must
be regarded as exceedingly doubtful, espe-
cially as both the Flemish chroniclers were
evidently mistaken as to the situation of the
battle (cf. FROISSART, ed. Buchon, i. 253 n. ;
LONGMAN", Life of Edward III, i. 269). The
victory was won by William de la Zouche,
archbishop of York, and the lords and forces
of the north (MTJRIMTTTH, p. 218 j AVESBXTRT,
p. 376 ; F&dem, iii. 91).
Before Christmas Philippa joined the king
at the siege of Calais. During the siege he is
said to have been unfaithful to her, as he had
doubtless been before (Political Poems, i. 159).
When the town surrendered on 5 Aug. 1347,
and six of the principal burgesses appeared be-
fore Edward in their shirts and with halters
round their necks, putting themselves at his
mercy, she joined with the lords there pre-
sent in beseeching the king to -pardon them,
and, being then great with chile, knelt before
him, weeping and praying him that since she
had crossed the sea in much peril he would
grant her request ' for the love of our Lady's
Son/ For her sake the king spared the
lives of the burgesses, and granted them to
her, and she provided them with raiment,
food, and a gift of money (there is not the
slightest reason for doubting the truth of
this story : see under EBWARD III). Having
returned to England with the king in Octo-
Philippa
166
Philippa
her, .she soon after, at Windnor, bore a wm,
who died in infancy, The oiler ot the mi-
ixunal crown to her huHbuml iu UVIH ojiuwd
ier mneh anxiety und sorrow, but Kdward
declined it (KNiuirroN, ml, ii5>)7). Who ap-
peare to have made a proems in tliexve.st in ;
ia-19. and while at Kord Abbey, UorHrt, j
made un ollering' at tho tomb of Hugh,
Gourtonay, ourl ol' Devon, in August U><> j
tthu went with tho king 1 to \V mi'uHsoa,
SUR% whore the Hoot wan gathered to m~
towwUho tfpaniardH, and ht> remained in
a ivlunourt bonne there, or in the immodtato ;
neighbourhood, while tho king and her two ,
trans, llui IVmeo of Wales and John <>t i
Uwunt, wailed forth on (ho ^Kth to engage the, i
enemy, with whom they loll in on the next !
day. She punned tho day of the battle ol \
* b-Hpngnola nur mer* in gmit anxiety, '
doubting of tho uwtus for her attendmi!H (
who could nee tho baftlo Iroiu the, lulls, told
hor of the ntimbor and MW of tlte enemy
ahiprt. In thi^ ven'n% after the victory ^ ^
won, tli kin^ .nil her HOIW joinod her r and
iv. 4T)7,'iW7). ller prenenc'i" at the leHtival
of tho (Barter' on St. (ioor^^^day, ^ ! * April,
KJ51, in expresnly nested; and in March Ulir>
ho was at a g'nuid tournament hidd by tho
Icing at WdOUHtock to eolo.bi'ato herrecovi^ry
after tho birth of Im won ThomuH at that; ,
place. Tho Btoty relat<d In her * Life
(STHiCKLAWD) of luu* contribution to tho
ranftOHU of Bi't-trund du C'hieKrlin ^after tlte
battle of Poitiers JH worthlcnn HO far as nhe '
Is concerned (HU Mtnwirw MM* IleH'rawl dit
fauMctin, c, S2^) A Hpecial grant wan tnadw
by the king lor her apparel at thHt. ( Uior^tiB
leHtival of iJ{5M, which waw of oxt.ritordinary
Bi'ihmdour. During the, Hiunwuir of tJuit year
8tio and tho king wtayd at Marlborongh and
at CoHhamand while aho wafljiunting th(ro
eke me.t with an accidtmt in riding, and din-
located lier alwulder-joint (Euh(jmn^ Hi.
227), She did not accompany tho king to
Prance in ltt/39.
In Ui6l Froiasart oatno over to England
and presented her with a book that IHJ had
written on the war with France*, and spe-
cially the "battle of Poitiers, the germ of his
future chronicles, Philippa, who loved the
people of hot own land, received him and
!tds gift with kindness, made him, her clerk
or secretary, and encouraged him to purflue
his historical work* He was lodged m the
palace, entertained her with noble tales and
discourses on love, and received from her
the means of travelling about the country
to collect materials for nis work, "being OBC
sent by her to Scotland with letters setting
forth that he was one of her secretaries, ami
there and ^vornvhoro he found that for love
of bin Huvoroig'n iniwtrews that * noble aud
valintit IwlyY gn ( n,t lunlw aiul knight H \vol~
routed him'nud iA'v< him aid, Kor tivo years
he nnnnined in Knglmtd in her sorvice, and
when lie left, in l!t(!> travelled H a nunubor
of IUT h<uiHehnhl ( lUUMKHTHTKE, Frotwart,
pp. I IV iiH), Her pre^onciuit thonin^nilicent
tonrnument. hold in SmithliId in May l;JO^
irt expn\ssly no1r<U After ('hrust.untH nha
went with*! he king from Windnor t) ( ,H(n'k-
luimtwttnul in HortfonlHhiro, on a vinit to
ilw Prinee of \Valen, who reaided there, to
tuke leave of him hfort ho went to lus
government, m A<jnitnino. Sho boro her
nhnre in tho iVstiviiien of that your and tho
t'livly luonllm <f lJJ(M, when thu km^H of
I^nuuM^ Heothind, and (\ypntH were a 11 ^ in
Lnndon at tho name time', entovlamod King
John of Frauee at, 1'lltham, and gave manv
rit'lt teartta to Kinff Peter d(\ Lnsigiuin of
( Vprun t and inado him pmnontH when \n\ loft..
'. The illneHH and death of King John caused
! bur much grief, Hernephew William, count
! of JIulluud, aeeond won of tlm Kmjwror
! Lcwin of Bavaria, had been innani^ since
UJf)7, aiKlhindomiuitnw were governed for him
by hiH l>rothor Albert of Bavaria an regent.
Albert denired lo hit refogutMedaHHoyt^oi^n,
but, the elahuH that j'ldward acfjnired by
( hiH inarringv^with Fhili|rpa were unwttlod,
T<t remo\ethmobHtHelt\ he obtained from tho
out tit <w of IJolhmd, assembled at (Jortrny-
' ditnbor^ on ^5 April li<U,a deelsion that
tin* WiiKltHh mioen eouhl not inherit any parfc
of the dominions of her^ brother ()mmt Wil-
liam t hi Hovoroi^nty botng 1 indiyinible, Al-
b<?rt vwited the Knglinh court in iJJ<J5, but
WUH xmublo to obtain the king*M iiHMMit to his
ve , - .
789), In 1J509 die joined the king in his vum
ondrnwours to procure* Albert an an ally
ftjpaiiwt France, and it wiw probably in con-
nection with this attempt, that she nmt cer-
tain jewels over to Maud, coimtoHB ot llol-
land! a daughter of Henry of LancAstr,ftrt
duko of Lancanter [t[,v.] (tf;.p,808), In the
course of that year a ne waa dangrouflly ill at
Windsor Oawtle, and knowing that she was
dying, took leave of the king, requesting
that iio would fulfil all hr onffagwintmtB to
merchants and pay her debts ; that he would
pay all that she had left or promised to
churches in Knffland or tlie cotttinont, wherein
ahe had made nor prayers ; and would pro-
vide for all her servant*, and that M -would
he buried by her Hide at Westminster, winch
thinirs the King- promised* She was attended
outer deathbed by William of Wykeham,
Philippa
167
Philippa
"bishop of Winchester (for tlie scandalous
tale about her pretended concession to the
bishop, see under Jo HIT OF GATTKT and Chro-
nicon Anglice, pp. 107, 398). She died on
15 Aug., and was buried with great pornp on
the south side of the chapel of the kings, where
her tomb, built by her husband, stands, with
her recumbent effigy, evidently a likeness,
surrounded by the eifigies of thirty persons
of princely rank who were connected with
her by birth (STANLEY, Memorials of West-
minster, p. 122).
A bust by an unknown sculptor, taken
from this effigy, is in the National Portrait
Gallery, London. There are also heads, be-
lieved to be hers, in some of the Bristol
churches, specially in the crypt of St. Nicho-
las ; for, like other queens, she had the town
and castle of Bristol as part of her dower
(TAYLOK, Bristol, Past and Present, i, 75, ii.
159). A painting of her is said to have
"been found in the cloisters of St. Stephen's,
"Westminster, and there is a wooden effigy
of her in the library of Queen's College,
Oxford.
In person Philippa was tall and handsome.
She was prudent, kindly, humble, and de-
vout ; very liberal and pitiful, graceful in
manner, adorned, Froissart says, * with every
noble virtue, and beloved of God and all
men. 7 While she was strongly attached to
the people of her fatherland, she greatly loved
the .English, and was extremely popular with
them. Her death was a terrible misfortune
to her husband. She bore him seven sons
and five daughters. Two mottoes that she
used were ' Myn Biddenye ' and * Iche wrude
muche, 3 and they were worked on two richly
embroidered corsets that were given to her
by the king (NICOLAS, Orders of Knighthood,
ii. 485). She greatly enlarged the hospital
of St. Catherine, near the Tower, and was a
benefactress to the canons of St. Stephen's,
Westminster, and to Queen's College, Ox-
ford, founded and called after her by her
chaplain, Robert of Eglesfield [q. v.] Queen-
borough, in the Isle of Sheppey, Kent, where
part of her dower lay, was founded and
called after her by Edward III, who, in
honour of her, made the place a free borough
in 1366 (HASXED, History of Kent, ii. 620,
656).
[Jehan le Bel, ed. Polain ; Froissart s Chro-
niques, ed. Luce (Socie" t6 deTHistoire de France) ;
G-eoffrey le Baker, ed. Thompson; Knighton, ed.
Twisden ; Murimxith and Robert of Avesbury ;
Walsinghatn; Chron.An/>lise;Polit.Poems; Eulo-
gium Hist, (these six in Rolls Ser.) ; Rymer's Fce-
dera (Record edit.) ; Collectanea, vol. i. (Oxford
Hist. Soc.) ; Beltz's Hist, of the G-arter ; Nico-
las's Orders of Knighthood ; I/ Art de verifier
les Dates (Hainault, Holland), vols. xiii. xiv. ;
Blomefield's Hist, of Norfolk ; Hasted's Hist, of
Kent; Taylor's Bristol, Past and Present ; S an-
ley's Memorials of Westminster, 5th edit. ;
Darmesteter's Froissart (Grands Ecrivains Fran-
9ais); Strickland's Queens of England, i. 543-
590 ; Longman's Life of Edward III.] W. H.
PHILIPPA OP LANCASTER (1359-1415)
queen of John I of Portugal, born in 1359,
was daughter of John of Gaunt, duke of Lan-
caster, and was first brought to Portugal by
her father on his expedition in aid of Portu-
guese independence in 1386. While aiding
his ally against Castille, the Duke of Lan-
caster settled the terms of a marriage alliance
by which John I of Portugal, the founder
of the house of Aviz, who had led the national
rising against the threatened Castilian suc-
cession since 1383, was to marry his daugh-
ter Philippa. After King John had been re-
leased by Urban VI from the vows of
celibacy which he had taken in earlier life
as master of the order of A viz, the marriage
took place on 4 2 Feb. 1387. Philippa was
twenty-eight years old on her marriage, and
became the mother of five celebrated sons,
the 'royal race of famous Infantes/ viz. King
Edward I, Bon Pedro the traveller and the
great regent, Prince Henry the navigator,
Ferdinand the saint, and John. Her two
eldest children, Dona Branca and Don
Alfonso, died in infancy. During her last
illness in 1415 she was moved from Lisbon
to Sacavem, while her husband and sona
were on the point of starting for the con-
quest of Ceuta in Barbary. On her deathbed
she spoke to her eldest son of a king's true
vocation, to Pedro of his knightly duties in
the protection of widows and orphans, to
Henry of a general's care for his men. A
story tells how she roused herself before she
died to ask what wind it was that blew so
strongly against the house, and being told it
was the north, exclaimed to those about her
*It is the wind for your voyage, which must
be about St. James's day ' (25 July).
She died on 13 July, and was buried in
Batalha Abbey church, where her recumbent
statue rests by the side of King John's. She
enjoyed the reputation of a perfect wife and
mother. Her husband survived her till 1433,
and was succeeded by their eldest son, Ed-
ward. Philip II of Spain descended from
her through his mother Isabella, daughter of
King Emanuel of Portugal, Philippa s great-
grandson [see under MAET I OP ENGLAND].
[Chevalier's Repertoire ; Notice by Ferd.
Penis in Nouvelle Biographie Ge"nerale; Jos6
Scares de Silva's Memorias para a Historia del
-Bey dom Joao I ; Barbosa's Catalogo das R-ainhas ;
Schaeffer's Historia de, Portugal; Souza's His-
Philippart
1 68
Philipps
torin <
" " ' I ' ' t p
SWIH of U, John I ; Major's Pniu'c Hcury th 1
Navigator; Katii.say'H York and Iiuioslnr,|
r, K, a
HlILl? PART, JOHN ( 1 7H 1 ? I sr -n, ,
military writer, born in London nbout U*H1 t f
wn.s educated at a ittilitary aendenu%and win
Hulweqiu*n,tly placed in the office of a Scottish
Holieitor, HIM incTmationH, however, tended
more to military than to legal Mudtou In
181)0 he became private necrelary to Jubu
Baker Uoh"oydfirHt baron andnfterwntdHflrHt
earl of Sheiljeld [q, v*'], pn^nident. of the board
of agrteultnrej nud two yar,** later be \\ttn
appointed a clerk in the war (llie^. lie pro-
poKed t in ptuuphletH taf-med in iHli.' nud IHL1 }
thn establishment of abent^tit fund furotltrers,
an iden {mj.rgeMtiul by (Lionel I>, lloberts, The
Hcbemewas wnpporti'd by perHotis of influence
in the proteNrtinu, lait it tailed owing to the,
fear on the part of uuniMterHtbut nuehneont"*
bination mi^bt weidven the di.-ictplinc <f the
army. IMulippart nlno HU^eMted^ in a further
pimphlet, a ini*nn,H of rendering flu* militia
available for foreign service, mid part of bin
plan waH adopted by Lord ( 'ant Icren^lu
rbillppart WIH one of 'the body of mmnbow
of Urn order of St. John of ,*!enwalom T or
linightH-luwpitallem, who contributed to the
revival of the Kn^'ltHhlang'ue, ilowaHeloetinl
a Itnijfht. of St, John ol'Jemwibnnon 1 1 Nov*
IHIK), chevalier of juwtiee in IWH, and bailiff
ad /twwtw in 1817. lie WUH elnincellor of ,
the order for forty-three yearn, and outlived
all the kuifjfhtH who hud revived the Kn^lish
lan^ne eicc.pt the (.hovalier Philippe do
Ohantebun, II IH interent in the dutioK of a
ktiight-hoBpitaller induced him to aid in
founding* mlHfWthuWoHt TiondoTi IfoHpita'l,
which was originally called the, Fnllnun and
HaxnmorHnut.il General Dinpennary, Ihnvaa
honorary treaBiirer of tlm irmtitution frojn
I860 to % 18(}l, and anantive memb(r of tlw
comraittiHs from that date until bin death,
1 1 e WUH oroat ed a knight of the Hvwlinh orders
of ChiBtavuH Vasa ,nd of t,be Polar Star of
Sweden in 18U& He (lied at IHH
pf HOUBO, Church Lano,
riiiUppart was an inclntrioR compiler of
many books of reference relating to the
army. From C )etober 1 8 1 U t,o Hept em ber 1 H 1 4
he owned and edited a journal called *Tlj
Military Panorama,' In iBlShepubliHbedluB
1 Northern Campaigns, from . , . 1812 * . ,
June 4, 181 ;i, with" an appendix, containing
all the Bulletins issued by the French Ruler/
2 volfi, To the same class belong Ma ' Royal
Military Calendar, containing the Services
of every general officer , * , 'in the British
Anuy * , , and AerountH of the Operations
t>f fht* Army undi'i 1 LietU,-UtMi, Sir John
Munuy on tlu* Kn^trrn Const of Spain in
isli? i:i/ London,:! vols, Isio 1, and * Tho
MnM India Military (Vlondnr/ iH^ii.
Anmntf other wtn-kn by PbiUppart were:
1, 4 Mrmoirsof tbe Priueo Uoyul of Swe-dtni/
IHK'I j a * M*moit\H ofUenenil Monnui/^c,,
,,
London, tHl 1. H, ' Owrd Index to the
lh>if niul .nerund H*r$rrt of IInnsurd'H Pnrli^
tnentary IVlwtoN,' London, ISHI, 4, *Mtv-
m*dr of , , Prtnei* Kdwnrd, Duke oTJuMiti
and Strut hen rn ' (vul, ii, of (jut'en Victoria,
from hor Mirth to her Bridal*), London,
181(1
|\Vur Ollkn IvNn'ordw ; Hioj^r, Diet, Living
Uoewlnof \\i\\ UnlrofSt,J lux
H, H. S.
PHI LI PPH, HA K Kit ( ITlHMT-irojieu-
tenant in th< navy, born alunit 171S, entered
the nnvy in 1V^'1 ntul buv'iu^ nerved in tbn
Diuwomt, in the Ureenwieb, with (Vptniu
Jaini'w i'orurwnU [q v,l, mid in the Prince of
Onm^o on the homo M.ntion with Cnptnin
\Villinm J)nvis f jm.sMed bin Muuinntum r*a
U7 Nov I7*l^,b**in^' th*u arcordlnp; to ItiHcer*
titiente f itpwurdrt oftwenl.y-twn, On r> Keb,
17-10 I lie WUH promoted to IM lieutenant, of
thoIloyuLSovm'eijtfn; on *JO April 1741 hewntt
appointed Meeond lietitenuiU of the An^lesea,
u44j(ua8hip Mtnt.i<util tm thoHouthfount of
Ireliind to prote<'t the houteward I rude. On
L'H Marrh nlie Hmlotl from Khwule on a e.ruine,,
having left, bi'T ilrnt< lieut*nftnt. on nhoreBick,
The next. day hc wgbt(d a hu>r<* nhip to wind-
%vsml wlueft the eaptnln, Jacob Kit on, and
t he inant cr wrnn^ly Htipp< med t o bt* lu^r eonHort,
the AnguHlaof <H) ^m;^, TheHtran^epj with
a fair wind^eatne down tinder a presn of nnil.
A mftht*'j*H \\\\\\\\ who was on ilw for(M'awtlo
U(UItnly noticed that her poop-nelttiitfH and
cjtiarter howed unnuHtaKnbly l'V(tt<Ji onui-
inentation^ and raw down to tell tint captain*
It wan about two o'clock in the? afternoon,
and ho waHaulinner. Tlurmiponth<tKtrun#er,
which proved to be the Krcweh tiO-pfun whip
Apollosi, in priviito employ, ran under tho
Angitiw^aV ntorU) and poured in a luiavy Itro
of great, gnnw and fttnall arm at IOHH than
a hundred yardn* dtHtancft* The Anglewnx
replied afl Him bent could ; but- her dcclcH were
not cl^are.d and lior lire WOH very ietsble.
Hoping t.o fon^reach on ilw Frenchman, and
ao gain a little thnt% Elton ftttt the Ibn^aiL
The only elloct wa to prveut her from firing
hew lower-deck guns, Tho Apollon'n Becond
*broftfki(10 killed 'both Elton and the master*
Philipps was left In command, and ? seeing no
Philipps
169
Philipps
possibility of defence, he ordered tlio colours
to be struck.
The court-martial wliicli, on the return of
the prisoners, examined into the affair rightly
pronounced that the loss of the ship was due
to Elton's confidence and neglect ; but it
further pronounced that after Elton's death
Philipps had been guilty of neglect of duty,
and sentenced him to be shot, adding, how-
ever, a recommendation to mercy. The lords
justices, to whom it was referred, saw no
reason for advising his majesty to grant it,
and the sentence was carried out on the fore-
castle of the Princess Royal at Spithcad, at
11 A.M. on 19 July 1745. It is dilueult now
to understand the grounds on which Philipps
was condemned, for the ship was virtually
lost before he succeeded to the command.
The probable explanation seems to be that
the government was thoroughly alarmed, and
suspected Jacobite agency. But this was not
mentioned at the court-martial, and there
is no reason to suppose that Philipps had
meddled with politics. He was married, but
left no children. His widow married again,
and a miniature of Philipps is still preserved
by her descendants.
[Connniysion uiul Warrant Books, Minutes of
Court-Martial, vol. xxviii., and other document.*!
in Hie Public Kueord Cilice ; information from
the family.] J. K. L.
PHILIPPS, SrK ERASMUS (d. 1743),
economic writer, was tho eldest son of Sir
John Philipps, of Picton Castle, Pembroke-
shire, by his wife Mary, daughter and heiress
of Anthony Smith, an East India merchant.
HIM cousin, Katharine Shorter, was the first
wife offtir Robert Walpolc. Matriculating 1
at Pembroke College, Oxford, on 4 Aug.
17^0, hi* left the university in tho following 1
year without graduating, lie was entered
as a student oi' Lincoln's Inn OH 7 Aug. 17:21,
and succeeded to the baronetcy on the death
of liiw father in 1736. Ho was M.P. for
Jlaverforclwest from 8 Feb. 17:26 until his
death. He was accidentally drowned in the
river Avon, near Bath, on 7 Oct. 1743. He
was unmarried.
Philipps published: L 'An Appeal to
Common-sense ; or, some Considerations
otl'ered to restore Publick Credit/ 2 parts,
London, 1720-21, 8vo. 2. < The State of the
Kalion in resnect to her Commerce, Debts,
and Money,' London, 1725, 8vo ; 2nd edit.
172(5, 8vo ; tho same edition, but with new
title-page, 1781, 8vo. 3. 'The Creditor's
Advocate and Debtor's Friend. Shewing
how the Effects of the Debtor are spent in
Law . , . that may "be saved for the credi-
tor/ &c, ; London, 1731, 8vo. 4. ' Miscella-
neous works, consisting of Essays Political
and Moral/ London, 1751, 8vo. Extracts
from the diary which he kept while a student
at Oxford (1 Aug. 1720 to 24 Sept, 1721)
are printed in < Notes and Queries ' (2nd ser.
x. 365, 360, 443-5). An epitaph on him by
Anna Williams is sometimes attributed to
Dr. Johnson (Notes and Queries, 3rd ser. v.
254, and ANNA WILLIAMS, Miscellanies).
[G-ent. Mag. 1743, p. 554; Nicholas's County
Families of Wales, pp. 298, 908; Lodge's Irish
Peerage, vii. 100; Burke J s Baronetage, p. 1129;
Poster's Alumni Oxon. (1715-1886), p. 1107;
Return of Members of Parliament, ii.59, 70, 82,
95 ; Boswoll's Life of Johnson, ed. Hill, i 60
203.] W. A, S. H.
PHILIPPS, FABIAN (1601-1690), au-
thor, son of Andrew Philipps, was born at
Prestbury, Gloucestershire, on 28 Sept. 1601,
His father, who belonged to an old Here-
fordshire family, owned estates at Leominsiev.
His mother, whose family, the Bagehots, had
been settled at Prestbury for four hundred
years, was heiress of one of her brothers.
Philipps studied first at one of the inns of
chancery, but afterwards migrated to the
Middle- Temple, tie was also at Oxford for
some time in 1641, i for the sake of the
Bodleian Library.' A zealous advocate of
the kind's prerogative, he spent much money
in the publication of books in support of the
royal cause. In 16 tl he was appointed filazer
of London, Middlesex, Cambridgeshire, and
Huntingdonshire, in the court of common
pleas. Ilia claim to the emoluments of the
office was disputed, and fourteen years later
the case was still unsettled. Two days before
Charles I'a execution, Philipps wrote a pro-
testation/ which he printed, and ' caused to
be put on all posts and in all commonplaces '
(Wool)"). It was published with the title
' King Charles the First no man of Blood ;
but a Martyr for his People. Or, a sad and
impartial! Enquiry whether the king- or par-
liament began the" Warre,'&c., London, 1649,
4 to. Another edition bore the title * Veri-
taa Inconcussa,' London, 1660, 8vo, On the
suppression of the court of chancery in 16o3,
he published ' Considerations against the
dissolving and taking away the Court of
Chancery and the Courts of Justice at West-
minster,' &c., for which he received the
thanks of Lenthail. He wrote three works
against the abolition of tenures by knight
service, viz., ' Tenenda non Tollenda, or the
Necessity of preserving Tenures in Capite
and by Knight Service,' &c., London, 1660,
4to; 'LigeanciaLugens, or Loyaltie lament-
ing the many great Mischiefs and Inconve-
niences which will fatally and inevitably
follow the taking away of the Royal Pour-
.Philipps
170
Philipps
wyanmsnndTenmvnm ( 4 npite,\K:e,, London, ;
ItliUj.ito; and 'The Mwtiiken Recompense,
by the KxcJHti for Pourveyaiu'eandTeuurnC
&V M KJOi.
On JIO Nov. lliiil PhiltppHnntl John M^vle <
received a tfwnt, with .survivorship, of tin*
oilier of remeutbnuu'or of the eouH of the '
council And nwreheH of \YaleM, In hitf
eightieth year heHtil! retained his * great me- l
111017.' lie died on 17 Nov. Ui',K\ and wu
buried near hm wife in the Mouth-went part
of the church ot Tvvyfonl, near Art on, Mid-
(Hones* Il<i wrote WH own epitaph Home
yearn bufore IUH death. PluiippH * wiw ewi*
iient in IUH time-, couKide-rintf that IUM partn :
were never advane'd, when yomur, by a CM,* >
denrieal educ.al ion * ( (\Vooi> ) ; he wan * of givnt^ j
ttwuduity and reading, and a givnt towr i>f '
anlitiuilioH' (A UHKUY),
In addition to the workn inontionfl ubovo,
Flulipps publiHlunl : 1, * U<ntaumnda ; ortho ;
iHH'\sHity of Publtr.lt Il,t i j>aip8, by H*t!tn^ of a |
<t i rtuiu *a,nd royal yearly Itevtnuir for iho
Jnntf,' &<* l^omton, 'itiii'J,' -Ho. ti. * The An-
tuniil.y, Legality, UeuKou, Ihity, and NH*en
aity oY Pnv-^m]>tion, aa<l INurv(ym* for
the KingV &e M 1/nulon, HiiJ.Vlto,' iL ^ Tim
Antiquity, Legality , , . of WIIWA pnid^ iu
Chancery upon thn Huinfjf out or obtaining
Bottu^ HortH of VVritH retomal>le into t he Oourt.
of Common Picas, 1 &e M !^mdou HIHJJ, 4 to;
Bowew' * T.vu'l-H/ vol. iii. 17fiO, >i to ; M, vol.
viii, 1HOU, -Ito* 4, *Pre1enthui Pnr^HH'tivi*
OlaHH; or, fiome, Kotmotm , * , npun^t tlio
proponed re^i,4te,nng Refonnataon, UJOJi, *lto,
6. 4 Tluj Itolormiug HegiHlry; or, a Uepre-
wmtatum of the vory many Mwchit^H and
In(!ouvnuHusrt . * . of UotfiNtwv</ &,<*, I^o*
don, 1071, 4to. (I, Mlt^uln Neoewwunum?
or tho Legality, Uoanon, and Nerennity (f
the Rights and* JtVmlegeH claimeti by
tlus King*a Sttrvatitft,* 'London, 1071, 1to,
7, * Some, roasona for the Contiwuaite.e of I h
ProoosflofAm'ftt,' London, 107 1,4 to. H * Rea
BOUH ugainnt the taking away uu Proct^a of
Arnmt, which would be a IOHH to the Kin^ T H
Ituvonuo/ &c., 1675. 9* ' The Anciont,
Lcpfal, Fumlame,nttil, ami Nt<stHary liights
of Courts of JiiBtico, in their Write of CupioM,
Arrosts, and IVocenaof Outlawry/ &c f Lou-
don, 1070, 4to, 10. * Ntujemar^ Doftmcui^of
tho PresidentHhip and (Jounoil in tho Prin-
cipality and Marches of Walen, in tho ne,cH-
sary Defence of England and Wale^ protect-
ing each other,' XL" ' Urwa Major antf Minor.
t tliera w no such Fear aa is
cated tVin ull I**pu!iU" nnd HepubTu'un Prin-
ciplrrt ntut Mixtnlies,' it<*. London, IOH7, fol.
lllir,r lanL; WatkitmV UiMgr, Dirt. I81il,p,
KID; Anl't'p.v'w Letters, ii, I',i t 4',)2; Wo(l*ft
,\fh'ii;r O*Ml, I'd. \\\\i'U, ill 377, KO, 4M, OU7
Vu?^i, it * ; ('id. of !*roi". of ('mum. fur AdvMiu'd
ot MiMii'V. p| IUU H; .Jovtruulfi of t h> HouHtMit"
L*in!f, iV Ml; CaL Ht<Uo PapiTH, Uoin, Scr,
rimrlrn II, xliv, Mi t oxxxvii, 142; Hist. MSS,
t'oninu *lth Hop, ft, 44, Ath Hi^p. op* 7T), 07,
U!U f7H mh K'1>, pp. 2, />, JO, M, 7U Hop,
pp, JhO, 251*; NoieH aiui Qur'u*H, 2tul n\ x
liUK) W, A. H. H,
Pf'ULflTH, JKNKTN" TH>MA {<L
17it*>^ tnuifilatt^r, of Welnh origin, Mttulieti
ill, the umvei'Mtv of Ihu-sle, and there pro-
mnuuMMl In 170T a Latin oration on tho
MVeM of Truvel 1 \\hieh wan jjuhlinhed iu
L< tnilon iu IV I*"*, lie nppetu'H to have on-
cupied ,*!ome pluee about the Kti^'liwh court
an rnrlv us 17 lo, wlien lunvrof i* in Lutiuutul
Ktvneti a *l>i;>rourf* tutirhnnt 1*( Mfjine ^ lo
t*n^*ivH cle In Religion Chretienne pnnni la
Nnhun I >rituuinjue, I'reMeute uu tUu'. 1 Tho
Lutiu version ('rd etHt, 17HI) wan ripul>-
IjMlu'd u\ tin* nuthor'H * UisMei'livtioneH HIK-
torieie t^ttatuor,' London, 17Jir>, ThilippH,
who wus an Rermnpltnhed luigutNt, WKH tm-
^npnl im n privnte tutor between 1717 and
I7;!0 f nnle\|H>und'd hiwuiethod.Hin ' A ctuu-
pendiouK \\ ny of teachiu^ Aneieut and
Miidenji LatitfuutfeH/ I^nulon/Jntl edit. 17si*S;
Ith, inueh enlnrged* London, I7o(K In 1717
he translated fr<uu the, Uemum *An AtTnunt
of the Ueli^miw, Manners, and Leurniu^ of
tho People of Mnlah'ir, iu nevend Li^tors,
"wntteu ty Home of the most, learned Men of
that. Oountry to the DanMi MiHsionaritw/
London, l*mo f \vlueh wan followed by
* Thirty-four (jonftnu^u'eHlH^tween the Daitinh
ioH and the Mnlabunan Bnunann
Heathen IMi'Mtn) iu tiie JfoiHt Imliea,
rfiinK the, Truth of tho CUriHtum llo-
ligion/ Lonrion, 171J> t Hvo,
Hoforn 17*Jtt I'ltilippn became tutor to tho
children of Ueorgt^ ll t including William
AutfiiHtUH, duke of (himborland, for whose UHO
he published ( An Knwiy towardna UniverHal
and Uaf-iewal Grammar; t-o^^t.her with Uuls
iu J0riglih to learn Latin. Oolhxstocl from
tho several (jlrummaw of Milton, Shirley,
JoltiiHon, aiulotlierH; London, 17*JO (3rd edit
J74U 12mo) ll alno publ'mhe-d for tho
factiously pretended of Popery and arbitrary
Power,' London, 1681. 1^ 'Plua for the
Pardoning' Part of the Sovereignty of the
Kinfffl of Kngfland,' London, 168^. 13, ' The
established Government of England vindi-
1756*
Principem Q uliolmum,
4to. Pbilippfi waa appointed 'hiRto-
to tho King, and died on 22 Fob.
Philipps
171
Philipps
Besides the works noticed, Philipps issued
In London many Latin dissertations: * De
Eebus Santgallensibus in Helvetia/ 2nd edit.
1715; <De Papatu,' 2nd edit. 1715; <De
Sacramento Eucharistioe,' from the Greek of
Ilieromonachus Maximus, 1715, 4toj and
*l)e Atheismo,' which were collected in 'Dis-
sertationes Historic^ Quatuor,' 1735. He
translated into English ' The Russian Cate-
chism ' [by the Archimandrite Besenld]
[1723], 2nd edit, 37i25; 'Lex Regia, or the
Law of Denmark,' 1731 ; and l The History
of the Two Princes of Saxony, viz. Ernestus
the Pious, first Duke of Saxe-Gotha, and
Bernard, the Great Duke of Saxe-"Wcrniar,'
1740, 8vo, of which a portion appeared in
' The Life of Ernostus the Pious . , , great-
grandfather of the present Princess ofWales,'
1750, 8 vo. He printed in 1751, from a manu-
script in Trinity College, Cambridge, 'An
Account of the Princes of Wales, from the
first institution till IMnce Henry, eldest son
to King James I. Wrote by Kichard Connak '
[t> July 1609] ; and compiled in 1752 ' Funda-
mental Laws and Constitutions of Denmark,
Sweden, Germany, Poland, England, Hol-
land, and Switzerland.'
[Works above mentioned; Notes and Queries,
3rd aer. x. 148 ; Gent, Mag, 17(55, pt. i, p. 92 ;
"Watts's Bibliothcca Britannica, ii. 753.1
C. P. S.
PHILIPPS or PHILIPPBS, MORGAN
(d. Io70), catholic divine, a native of Mon-
mouthshire, entered the university of Oxford
in or about 1533, and ' became so quick and
understanding 1 a disputant that, when he waa
bachelor of arts, he was commonly called
Morgan the sophiater' (^WooB, Athene Oxon.
ed. Bliss, i. 432). He graduated B.A. on
18 Feb. 15&7-8, and was elected a fellow of
Oriel College on 17 April 1 638. He com-
menced M.A. on 27 March 1542, was after-
wards ordained priest, and proceeded B.I),
In 1543 he waa presented to the rectory of
Cuddington, Oxfordshire, and on 5 Feb.
1545-6 he waa appointed principal of St. Mary
Hall, Oxford (Lfi NBVM, Fanti t ed. Hardy, iii.
585). lie was one of the three eminent
cat holies who, in 1549, undertook a public
disputation with Peter Martyr in the di-
vinity hall of the university (WooD, Annals
of Oxford, ed. Gutch, ii, 93), In the same
year he obtained the vicarage of St. Winnock,
Pembrokeshire (FOSTER, Alumni Oxon. early
scr. iii. 1158), In 1650 he resigned the
office of principal of St. Mary Hall, being
then 13,1)., and soon after the accession of
Q.ueen Mary, in 1658, Ke became precentor
of St. David's Cathedral (Ls NEVE, i, 316).
On account of his absence from Oriel Col-
lege for a longer time than was allowed, his
fellowship was declared vacant on 20 Bee.
1554.
Declining to accept the religions changes of
the reign of Elizabeth, he retired to the con-
tinent and settled at Louvain. Soon after-
wards he visited Rome with William (after-
wards Cardinal) Allen and Dr. Vaudeville.
On his return to Flanders he co-operated
with Allen in establishing an English col-
lege at Douay, and he advanced the first
sum of money for that purpose (DoDB,
Church Hist. ii. 100), Tie first of the
Douay * Diaries,' after enumerating the priests
who were associated with Allen in the un-
dertaking, says : ' Huic porro coetui conti-
nonter se adjunxit D. Morganua Philippus,
venerabilis sacerdos, quondam ejusdem. A [ani
in Universitate Oxoniensi preceptor, nunc
vero ejus in hoc sancto opere, etvivus co-
adjutor et morions insignia benefactor/
Wood gives 1577 as the date of his death,
but the records of Douay College inform us
that he died there on 18 Aug. 1570. By
his will he left to Allen all his property,
which was employed in the purchase of a
house and garden 'for the enlargement of the
college (Itecordsofthe English Catholics, i. 5).
On 15 !Feb, 1577-8 a commisHion was granted
from the prerogative court of Canterbury to
George Farmour, esq., of Easton Nest on,
Northamptonshire, to administer the goods,
debts, chattels, &c,, of Morgan Philipps,
clerk, sometime chantor of the cathedral
church of St. David, who lately died in parts
beyond the seas.'
Under his name as author was republished
in 1571 the 'Treatise concerning' Mary
Stuart's right to the English throne, which
waa the -work of John Leslie (1527-1596)
[q. v.], bishop of Ross (cf. STRANGTJAGE,
llistorie of the, Life, and Death of Mary
Stuart, 1624, p. 73 ; CAM BEN, Annales,
transl. by R. N., 3rd edit. 1625, p. 113).
[Ames's Typogr. Antiq. (Herbert), pp. 1627,
1628; Doleman's Conference about the next
Succession to the Crowne of Ingland, 159-i,
pt. ii. p. 3 ; Hist MSS. Comm. 2nd Kep, p. 42;
Records of the English Catholics, vol. i. pp.jcxx,
xxxi, et passim, pp. 3, 6 ; Register of the Uni-
versity of Oxford ; Udall's Life of Mary Queen
of Scots, p. 145; Wood's Fasti Oxon. (Bliss),
i. 105.] T. C.
PHILIPPS, THOMAS (1774-1841),
vocalist and composer, connected with a Mon-
mouthshire family, was bom in London in
1774, He became an actor, and his first
appearance waa on 10 May 1796 at Covent
Garden Theatre, when he played Philippo in
the *Caatle of Andalusia.' His voice was
pronounced by critics to be tolerable in point
Philipps
172
Philips
of tout*, while Ilia manners WMO Somewhat
( oo tfont lc for I ho wt ape,* 1 ie obt ained inM rue-
tion from Or, Suwuol Arnold [q, v. 1 , and
improved rapidly. In IMl ho WU.M onptj-'ed
nt the (Vow Street Theatre in Dublin, * horo,
to the author of the * Familiar
oH/ ho wan doHtinod
To boar otir oprra'n whoh* weig
Tlu* Atlun of our vm
Tho Hntinst, while aclounvlodpn"' Phdipp^H
ft'il't of voit % ,o, thought it. our better adapt oil to
a, room than to a thout.ro, Kelly, however,
proclaimed Philinpn in IH:!U tho hoM actual
Binder on the Kn';lish sta^o, By thai time
ho hadret urnod to Loud* n win TO, on :!(> Juno.
IHOU, luunpoarodal lite 1'Jn^lUh ( )pora House
in ' Up all Ni^ht,' llo afterwards tnK purl
intho'lManiiu'/tlu^lNMisnut Ho\%*' l'htH,'antl
* 4 \1,1V at. llto wauio thoalroiu InlL A tour
in America is naid to huvo onriohoil luiu I 4 v
7,(K)0/ M hut hn did iiol. roliTH|uif<h work, lor-
turin^on vocal art in London and tho prtj-
viuoos. PhiltppH rotirod oarl^v IVniuthoHtii^s
taught- Hinf^ing 1 , and rniujHKSod ballads, Ho
\vtiMi. prolV-sHional moiulMT of (ho i '1oh < Mul)
in l s l!S, llo diod tit tho nji'o oT ni\t y-Movon
on 1*7 Oct., 1S41, from tlio, ronnlt of a railway
lMjilip]H '
' Kh'inontar
and
iua(lornfi(dd,' lor tluvo VOIOOH, nIMtt ts:U):
tho *M( v ntov'8 Hurp: a Collect tint of Moral
Ualhuls, 1 ^ lu d many HOII^H and htilhuU.
[Truw Uriton, lli MayUtMJ; rinptu^ Mtimoal
Hiit^iMphy, j, 178: Ana, ki'ijislor, IHil, p. ii'2U;
'JMusic'iii Wnrltl, 1811, p. !!$>/); Krlly' Koini-
niwcuit'OH, tL Mil; Kaiiuliai* KpiHilon to K, M.
JonoHon tbo Irinh Slap^, 1H(H>, p, 7-i 1 ; <towstV
Hist 1 ., ufthu Stage, voUviii, pah.siitt J L, M. M,
'PHILIPS.
PIIMMW, IUIUIIH,
'
(M \\tu), From other entrioM ho appears to
have raided at Cambridge till ho msi^nod
bin fello\\>hrn and lie \n mild to have written
! Ins MVilorn s' whde at college. In 1700
ho published tin abridgement of Hackot*M
* Lite of Archbishop NVilliums/ lit* wan at
Tt rocht , \\ heiicouttc of hinpoonw IH dated, "m
170,'i, and in 1700 wan employed in nomo
iniMMion in the north* lie nddnwed an
* Kpi'4tlo to the Karl of Hornet,* dated (\ipon-
htijtfeu, It March 1700, ft wa.s published by
Stoolo in tin* * Tat lor' (No, I:!), with hi^h
"U'ni.-io, UM a * wintorpioi'o* worthy of thomoMt
1 ,oirnod pidnter. His * Pastorals' appeared
. thiN veann TotKonV ' Mi.'U'olhtnv/whiohal.so
included Po'H'Vt * PuNtorals/ In 1700 he also
tnutidafed tie * ContoM IVrNiuin'of Petit Do
la t'rois, lie WMW afterward?-* reproached by
Pope wit ft * turning a Persian Tale, for half"
iL-cro\vn/ \vhioh SM ( \.s Johnson, UH the book
was divided into many Heel ious T wa.n i vory
liberal UM writers, urro then paid/ After
unothor vUit t<* Denmark in tln^ Hummer of
1 710, he roturuod to M upland it ( October, and
wan on friendly tornis with Swift, who pro-
mi:etl iti Derember tit holieit liarley for t.lu^
post of ifuoen'.H seoretary at Oeneva for* poor
pjHtoral Phtliph/ ami wlm nnil aftorwurds
(Juttrnift ftt *SYf//V/ *7 Deo. 171 iJ), * I nhonld
rortninly have provided for him had ho not
run party mad/ 11 o had* in fact., bccomo
ono of the Addition circle. In 1711 -PJ
he wroth tho *DiMtroHMed Mother/ a more.
adaptation of Racine^ * Andromaqno/ UH
appearance wan heralded by a very com-
plimentary notice from Steefe in tho * Sport-
tutor '(No. *UO t 1 lA'h. 1711 !-) and Sir
Uo^vr do Covorloy wan taken by Addition to
Heoaperfonnanco on " March tollowin|^(No.
UU5), An epilogue, attributcul to Bndg'oll,
i,s naid ti> havo been tho nuwt wiU'coH^fnl twoi*
written, Pope NUVN tliat tho andionn^ wu
packed by Philips^ fnendn (SiM-jNrw, p, !<>).
In tho ottrly nutnliorn of tho 'Unardtan 7
(17l!t) sumo pftpor.H upon pa.storal r .)outry in
wUirh PhilipH wan complwicntot , oxcittul
Pnpu*H jonlouHy t and ho wn>te a paper (No*
40) with an ironical comparison, hotwocn
l*hilipH'H A PftHtomlB* and hin own, Pliilipa
wan indignant- at thi at tack, innwtad through
Stoolc* inadv^rtc^ncw or want of pwcoptnm,,
and ho hung" up a rod at Button^ eo
PHILIPS, AMHllOHK /l75f-!Mi)) (
]yoot, born about 1075, in Maid to havo do
Bcended from an old Loicortturwlnro family,
According to thtuidnnKnion-bookof St. John's
C ollog % o, lit*, wan BOM of Anihrorto. Philtpn ' pan-
nicularii/ bom iti Bhropahins and WHH in hm
Hi^httwuith yoar in Juno JUWM (MA YOU, AS?..
Ju/tttftf (Jol/ftfjft)* A Sir Anihrowj IMiillipH
bii^amii Hcrj(Hintat-law on %$ April KiHO
(IjtfTTUHUL, 1 Jiritf Mvlutfan), 'II wa,B edu*
c,atod at Shrowubury (' Admiftnion, entry ' and
Swift's lottorH to him in NIOHOLH'H l/lwtr*
of Lit, iv. 7^0-1), and at'turwardn at St.
john'n College, Cambrid^o. llo (wturod tin
a wissar on 1 /> June 101KL KB graduated ,,, .^ v .,-,.. ,. .,.,..- .,-., - A ,
B.A.iu UMHJ and AI.A. iu J700, WUH tiloctod rwon^ wan takun by Havajro paswages iu
a follow of his collogo, cm iJB March 1099, his natirtts, "which mado IlulipB ridiculous*
aud hold (he iellowship till SM March 1707 b TUilipS) said Topo (fcJwJKOB, p. 118), was en-
lumm, thrtmt(%ning to apply it to 1'optj [B(SO
undw Poi'K, ALKXANDKR], AH Vlulipi is
reported by JoluiHou to liavt> Inn^n ( omi-
for bravery and nkill in tho sword/ and
wan a doformtwl dwarf, the anocdoto
Philips
173
Philips
couraged to go about abusing him, which
seems to have been needless ; and, in his
letters, Popo alao insinuated, though lie
( Works, vi. 209) could hardly have expected
to bo taken seriously, that Philips had appro-
priated subscriptions for the ' Iliad ' from
members of the ' Hanover Club' (for Philips's
denial that ho had given any cause for Pope's
personalities, see NICHOLAS Jllustr.ofLit. vii.
713). Philips was secretary to this club,
formed at the end of Quonn Anne's reign for
securing tho Hiuicessiou, After thp accession,
of Ooorgii I, ho was made justice of the peace
for Westminster, atul in 1717 a commissioner
for the lottery.
Philips started the e Freethinker ' in March
1718. 'It is one of the numerous imitations
of the < Spectator/ and the iirst number ex-
plains that; the name is not to be taken as
equivalent to ' atheist,' but in the proper
sense. II is chief colleagues were Hugh
Boulter [q. v,], Richard Wont (afterwards
Irish chancellor), and (Gilbert Burnet, son of
the bishop [wee under BURNHT, U an MIT].
It ran through the next year, and was ro-
published in three volumes (JJrd edit. 1739),
Philips published some ' 'Epistles ' and a
couple of plays (see below), which, bmng ori-
ginal, had little success. His friend Boulter
was made archbishop of Armagh in August'
1724, and in. November took Philips with
him to Ireland as secretary. Swift, in his
correspondence with Pope, refers contemp-
tuously to Philips's position as a dependant
upon Boulter and to hia ' little Hams on Miss
Carteret 7 (&) Sept, and 26 Nov. 1726).
Philips represented the borough of Armagh
in the Irish parliament ; was made secretary
to the lord chancellor in December 1720,
and in August 1733 was appointed judge of
the prerogative court. Boulter died in 1 74SJ,
and in 1748 Philips, who had bought an
annuity of 400/., roturned to London. He
is said to have collected his poems in a volume
which waa dedicated to the Duke of New-
castle, lie also collected Boulter's corre-
spondence, which, however, did not appear
until 17(jQ. Philips died at his house in.
Hanson Street of paralysis on 18 June 1749,
' in hia seventy-eighth year,' A portrait by
Ashton, engraved by T, Oooke, is mentioned
by Bromley.
Mr. Gosse observes that Philips' ' Epistle
to the Earl of Dorset/ declared by Goldsmith
to be i incomparably fine/ strikes us as l frigid
and ephemeral ; ' while the odes to chil-
dren are charming from their simplicity and
fancy (W^BD, English Foete, 1880, iii. 1 30).
The 'Epistle,' however, is a very genuine
description of nature, remarkable for its time.
The title of namby-pamby ' was first used by
Henry Carey (d* 1743) [q. v.] in a parody
mentioned by Swift in 1725. Three poems
to the infant daughters of Lord Carteret,
lord lieutenant, and of Daniel Pulteney, one
of which begins ' Dimply damsel, sweetly
smiling/ provoked this ridicule. Philips
was apparently rather dandified in appear-
ance and pompous in conversation. His
'red stockings' were ridiculed in Pope's
* Macer ' ( Worfa, iv. 467), Pope also sati-
rises his slowness in composition. He ap-
pears, however, to have been an honourable
man, respected by his friends, and of some real
poetical sensibility. Ilia works are: 1. 'Life
of John Williams . . , [abridged from Haeket]
with appendix giving a just account of his
benefactions to St. John's College, Cam-
bridge/ 1700, 2. 'Pastorals 1 in'Tonson's
'Miscellany' (p. vi), 1700. 8. 'Persian
Tales/ from the French of P, Be la Croix/
3709; also in 1722, 12mo, 4. 'The Dis-
tressed Mother/ 1 7 1 S>. fi. < ( )r]oa of Sappho '
in l Anacreon' (translation of 1713; see also
tipwtator, Nos. IH'J, iW9). 0. lunatic, to
Charles, lord Halifax, 'On the accession of
Guorge I/ 1714. 7. ' "Kpistlo to James
Oraggs,' 1717. 8. Papers in the 'Freothmlnvr/
1718-19, collor.tod in three vols. 9. 'The
Briton' (tragedy), ^"^ 10. 'Humfivy,
duke of Gloucester' (tragedy), 1723. This,
the 'Briton,' and the 'Distressed M'othor'
woro published together as ' Three Tra-
gedies ' in 17^5. Sovcjral small poems to
children, on the death of Lord Halifax, and
the, departure of Lord Carteret from Dublin
wore printed separately in 1725 and 17^(1
II e. is also said to have, been editor of the
t Collection of Old Ballads, corrected from
the best and most ancient copies extant,,
with introductions historical and critical/
172(1-88. His ' .Pastorals/ with other poems,
were published separately in 1710. lie
published his poems, with a dedication to
the Duke of Newcastle, in 1748. They ap-
peared again in 1765, and are in various col-
lections of English poets.
[OuYber's Lives ; Johnson's Lives of the Poets ;
Popo's Works (see many references in Elwin
and Court/hope's edition); Minto's Literature
of the Georgian Era, 1894; Mayor's St. John's
College ; S pence's Anecdotes ; and see Notes and
Queries, 8tli ser. ix. 264-.] L. S.
PHILIPS, CITA TILES (1708-1747),
portrait-painter, son of Richard Philips(l 68 1 -
1741), also a portrait-painter of some repute,
was born in 1708, and at an early age formed
a good connection among the nobility. He
was noted for his small whole-lengths and
conversation pieces, "which are minutely and
skilfully, if somewhat timidly, painted, and
valuable on account of the truth and -sin-
Philips
174
Philips
e.'rity with which the coshunes and acces- ;
at tries nre, hvi\l<d. His life-si/ed portrnitH
te wcalier nnd lew wit Intact nry, Philips
\VIIH much patronised by Kri'deru'U, prince
of Wnhvs, for whom he painted two pictures,
now at Windsor, of meeting's of convivial
clubs formed by lh* prince, ami ntylfii
* Knitfhta of the Hound Table 1 nnd * Harry
the Fifth, or the (\i\i\g Hub, 1 A portrait of
the 'prince nnd three, of the princess painted
ly PhiUps, have been engraved ; and another ,
<vf the princ,*\HM datrd IV7, in wbicb be \t\ <
represented with h<r first bnhy. Princes
AujjftiHtHt on her hip, is ut. WnrxvieU t'MNtle, ?
Other known works of Philips are; Lady j
Hetty Gwmuin, Heated in a panelled room, j
l7U*("Kuolc.); Olwrles Spencer, secotuldtiko i
(if Marl borough, 17J11 (\Vohurn); the Ihtke, ,
of (lumbcrlaml and Lord Cat heart Hi (lullo-
don* or, more probably, Kontenoy, nnd the; (
family of I*onL ArchiUuld Hamilton, 17*U '
(both at, Thornt<m-leStrcet }; Bishop War- 1
burton {National Portrait UulleryV, Arch- j
bishop Seeker, when bishop of Oxford (Oud*
deaden Palace.'); Thomas Knnven and wife,
17JU (Urickweil); and two groups of mem '
ler of tlu^ Itnswdl, Ureeuliill, and HtH'ett
fmnilicH (ObiMjuerH). Seiveral other portraits
}>y Philips luiv(j been engraved by Knber and
"nutford. He resided iu(Jreat(^uceuHt.P(*ct f
Jancohi'H Inn Fields, married in I7IiH t uu<l
<litd in 1747, A miniature of Philips, painted
by himself, \va U^nt to t!w lHl!f> miniature '
exhibition at South Kwrnintfton byl\ Whur-
ton Jones, K,U,S., the then repr*wwntutiv
of the PhilipB family, Vert-ue mentiiiiiH
Philips aft one,* of tho half-dosww leading-
paintera of tho day \vlto wore all of low
Mature*-' iivB-footr men or under**
[RedjapTAVu'H Diet of ArttKtw ; Cliuloiwr Hmith's
Bntinh M^Kv.otinto rortraits; Oat, of Nntioiuvl
Portrait Kxhibition, 1807; VortuoV* (-oihict-itniH
in Uritiwh Mttaum (Addit, MH, 2307<t) ; in fur-
mat ion from tho latwSir C-hiorg*! Bifluirf, K0,B 4 ]
F. M, O'D,
*" PHILIPS or PHILLIPS, flKOUGK
(1599? ItiOO)^ Triflh writttr and governor of
Londonderry, bom about 1500, was either
BOH or grandBon of Sir Thomaw 'PhilipB, who
took a prominent part in thn UUtor Mutt.lo*
monti. ('Jeorge inherited Hit Thoratifl^ estate
at Newtowu Limtivady, near Lonclondntry*
Graham says he was in his ninetieth year in
December 1688, but this may well bft doubted.
In early life ho saw some military service
abroad* From June 1681 to September 1884
ho was governor of Oulmore Fort, and filled
about the same time a like post at London-
derry. At the end of 1688, with James II
an king and Tyrconnel as minister, it was
easy for the protestants of Ulster to believe
that n npnf it ion of th< i maHHaon^, of KM I \vaa
int*ndd. hnrd Antrim's n^imont of higii-
l{Utd'iMnntl lriMhapp<Hr(hit Nowtowu Lima
viulv on ft Ih<r M nnd Philipn nt onro \vrot to
AUtcrinun Norinunt put tho peoplo of Lon-
dfJiidiM'ry on l!i k ir^uard. On ID Jan, ItJHS- 9
thr nliffitl^ of 1 but rity, in th< nuno of tho
ttnvttH$ui'ii wi*if^ an follows: * \Vn ri(*iivind
tho llrjit iuftdli^ouiM* of tl^ ^<nral insnrror
tiuu of flu* pupil-its from our much honoured
frinul, <bor)f l*hilip, (sn, , , \vlio did
n*t only \\'rn UM of onr dim^'r nnd mlviw UH
to pr<*vnt it, but voluntarily nnd frilly pnl;
hiuHf'lf tunon^f nn and tulvnitnrod hiw lifo
and Htfit^ In our catiw*^ and hohalf, animating
nn with bin pn\swo, em'tujru^tn^' iiHwiiU
an auxiimry nid of nix hundred horH ofhin
tennutM iind lUM^hlMturs, nnd rethicin^ i\u\
nntrniiunl p^t^plo of llu* plii(* ( into ord*?r and
(U?'ipliH< t wherup(n w^ did commit tlio
tniHt nnd euro of thin city Holtdy uiul abso-
lutely to his mntuu^rmnnt nnd conduct, which
trunt hn did diHchur^e with nil fidelity, dili-
genc% und prndc-nc** ' ( 7Vvrt*r/ri/ /V/;>ew),
It WM nwimj to tlic- hurried warning' of
Phi lips Uuit tluHipprenticehoyH, Mhtvyoung'er
and brisk iuluil)iiutH/8btit. tucirftt'Cflof Loiv
donderry n^ninnt hord AntritnH m*n, On
9 Uic. Philipw WHH eni by Lord Antrim to
the town to uotfotiulo with the citi^euK, At
bin own HU";jjf,Htion ho WUH njjuh- a nominal
prisoner HO t hti! IM* cotild w*ndftmcKrtu^c. to nay
that- he wan detained, mid that it would not
bo Hiife for hit* Itirdsbip to att.enipt an entry*
A ntriw wit IK It <nv to tlolc-rainc, and Philips bo-
came ^tjvernor of Londonderry* ( )n the 1 Ith
Ihtvui (Virnn wan Bent by FhiHps'H advico to
rcprwcnt the e.iwe. of the citiaicnn in London,
In the m^ot tat 5<mH with Viwuwnt Mountjoy,
PhilipR triwtl in vain to Ktipulatn for an wcelu-
nivoly protnHtant gnrnnon, permiasion for thft
citiystuiH to retain thur arms, and a general
pardon under the great Beat 1/w favourable
iormfl w*ro grauUnl ; but MountjoyVi fjood
will was thotiafht o important tliat I'liilipa
* did gwwirouHly rcni^n t \w command to lum,
poatponing* hin own honour and advantage to
lihat' opportunity of Btrcng'thenhi^ the Pro-
tftHtant. mttmtBt/' (ik.) On tlw Si I at Robert
Luiidy [ci. v/] b<wamft govnroor. On 23 March
H5HB4n v hilij% who WH '-well acquainted
with procwultngH in England/ was aeut
thither * with an addtww to King William,
and to solicit a BptMnly supply * ( WALEM).
Oairnes returned to Londonaeirry on 10 April
with a lettw from King William, and this
decided the town against surrender*
In the course oj? the noxt three months
PhilipB romainad in London and wrote ( The
IntBtflftt of England in the Proaervation of Ire-
, land, humbly presented to the Parliament of
Philips
175
Philips
England. 7 It is a quarto pamphlet of twenty-
eight pages, licensed in London on 15 July
1689. Philips says he was e animated and per-
haps transported by a glowing zeal for reli-
gion, an anxious sympathy with his friends,
and a pungent sense of his own sufferings.'
He calls upon England to save the protestants
of Ireland, and dilates upon the danger of
letting it fall into French hands, tie conjec-
tures that there "were one million British pro-
testants in Ireland in 1685, of which one-fifth
were fit to bear arms, This pamphlet con-
tains interesting details as to the capacities
of Ireland, and mentions the vast number of
salmon on the Ulster coast. In 1690, accord-
ing to Harris, Philips published in London an
octavo tract, entitled ( Lex Parliamentaria,
The Law and Custom of Parliaments of
England/ but there is no copy of it in the
British Museum or in Trinity College, Dub-
lin. In 1691 he published, in London, in
quarto, ' A Problem concerning the Gout, in
a Letter to Sir John Gordon, F.R.S.,' an
eminent physician. This short treatise, with
Gordon's very complimentary answer, is re-
printed in the eleventh volume of the ' Somers
Tracts.' Philips's remarks are very sensible,
not the less so that he disclaims all know-
ledge of medicine, though in his youth he
had been ' conversant in the most delightful
study of anatomy/ He bases his claim to
be heard on age and experience, and on the
fact that he had had the gout once or twice
annually for twenty years. * In the tenets
of religion,' he incidentally remarks, ' I de-
sire to be always orthodox.'
Philips was ruined by the war, his house
burned down, and the improvements of more
than eighty years laid waste. He himself
was imprisoned for debt. He had farmed
part of the Irish revenue under Joseph Deaa
and John Stepney in connection with Eane-
lagh's patent of 1674 [see JOKES, RJCHAKD,
third VISCOUNT and first EA.BL OP RA.NE-
LAGH]. Dean and Stepney had a mortgage
on Philips's estate, but they owed a much
larger sum to the crown, and had no great
public service to appeal to. In 1692 Philips
petitioned that his debt to them should be
set off against theirs to the crown, and that
he should be released. The lord lieutenant
Sidney and the commissioners of revenue in
Ireland reported in Philips's favour, but Dean
and Stepney protested against the proposed
settlement, and Philips remained in debt.
The seventh of the articles exhibited in the
House of Commons (30 Sept. 1695) against
Lord-chancellor Sir Charles Porter _q. v.]
was that he illegally released Philips when
in prison as a debtor at the suit of Morris
Bartley (O'FLAJSTA&AK, i. 453), Harris says
Philips died ^ in 1696. It appears from in-
quiries made in Ulster that his family severed
their connection with Londonderry county
soon after 1700. George Philips had a son
William, who is separately noticed.
[Treasury Papers in the Public Record Office,
voL. xx. No. 11; Walker's True Account of the
Siege of Londonderry, 1689 ; Berwick's Rawdon
Papers; Ware's Irish Writers, by Harris;
Witherow's Deny and Enniskillen ; Graham's
Siege of Derry ; O'Flanag.m's Irish Chancellors,
vol. i. ; Macaulay's Hist, of England, chap, xii.]
E. B-L,
PHILIPS, HUMPHREY {1638-1707),
nonconformist minister, "born in Somertou,
Somerset, matriculated at Oxford on 14 Nov.
1650 as ' Servians/ was elected a scholar of
Wadham College in July 1651, and gra-
duated B.A. in. January 1653-4. He de-
veloped puritanical opinions, and was chap-
lain and tutor for a time to the Bampfield
family at Poltimore, near Exeter. Returning
to Oxford, he -was elected fellow of Magdalen
College, proceeded M.A. in 1656, was or-
dained at the age of twenty-four, and fre-
quently preached in the university and in the
neighbourhood. Being ejected by* the royalist
visitors from Magdalen College in 1660, he
retired to Sherborne, Dorset, where he
preached, "but he was ejected thence in 1662.
He refused to promise' that he would refrain
from preaching-, and was committed to II-
chester gaol, where he remained for eleven
months. "When discharged he went to Hol-
land, visited Leyden and other university
cities, and had an opportunity of discussing
theological questions with Dr. Gisbert Voet,
the last survivor of the synod of Dort which
met in November 1618. On his return to
England he preached in many parts of the
country, but was much persecuted for his
adherence to presbyterian doctrines, He
lived mainly on a property he possessed at
Bickerton, Somerset. He died at Erome on
27 March 1707, His only published works
are two funeral sermons.
[Palmer's Nonconformists' Memorial; Foster's
Alumni Oxon. ; Grardiner's Begieters of Wadham
College.] T. B. J.
PHILIPS, JOHN (1676-1709), poet, was
born on 30 Dec. 1676 at Bampton, Oxford-
shire. His grandfather, Stephen Philips, a
devoted royalist, was canon-residentiary of
Hereford Cathedral and vicar of Lugwardine,
where he died in 1667. His father, Stephen
Philips, D.D. (1638-1684), became in 1669
archd eacon of Shropshire and vicar of Bamp-
ton, in succession to Thomas Cook, B.D.,
whose only daughter and heiress, Mary, he
had married (WOOD, Fasti Oxonienses, ed.
Philips
Philips
Bliss, I
John Philips, who Hecmsto hnve been the
fourth of mx wws, WUH at first, taught hyJuH
father, but be WRM elected a scholar nf Win- !
duster in 1091 (Kutuv, HV/jr//r.f/rr*SV//oAn>\
))p, :K)0, -II ; l<Wn;it, Alumni O.remWw?).
At. school Philips became jiproiieient t'lasMciil
Hoholar, and wart (rented with special indul-
jreuv.o on account of bin personal popularity
11 ad delicate health* He had long hair, and
he liked, wheu the others were at- jday, to
retire to his worn and rend Milton while some
one. combed his locks, in H;t7 he proceeded
to Oxford, matrieulalintf at- Christ Church on j
Hi A UK, There he was under l>cn Aldrteh, \
and the simplicity of his muwiers and his ,
poetic, f'ifts made* him a general fnvourite, ;
It had been intended that he should become
a physician, and he acquired some Uuo\v led^e
of science, but. his devotion to lifomture but
to the abandonment of the design. Hdmuml ,
Smith | u. v, ) was his (jfveatent college friend, '
tind William Brome of Withiiuyton, whtwe
family had intermarried with Philips'*, WUH
nlsoou intimate, terms with him. Philips ap-
pears to have been in love with Mary, (laugh-
ter of John Moare, lUK,the principal of Bra-
8omwo College, who^ana Herefordshire man,
had made, the young 1 student, welcome at bin
hi WHO, This lady, who was accomplished
and beautiful, was alno a flirt, and wan be-
lieved to have, been married secretly; in uny
case, Philips wcewH never to have ^oue 1m-
yowl hint ing at. his passion in his verrt",
Philips wan loth to publish his verneM, lltn
' HpkW.id Shilling 'wan included, without
bin consent, in a ' Oollee.tion of Poems ' pub*
linked by David BrowunmlBonjauiiuToo .vein
1701 ; ami on fch appearance of another falst^
copy early in 1705, Philips printed a correct,
folio edition in February of that, year. Thin
piece, which Addinon (YV/Mr, No, ii-l'O
ealltul * tlie, fmtwt lmrleH(|tie poe-m in the*
British langua^e/ wan ' nn imitation of Mil-
ton/ and in play fid inoe.k-hcroic MtrainH do-
-perhaps for tlus benefit of his impo-
of a debtor, in fear of dunn, who ut> longer
had a shilling in his purw whorowith to buy
tobacco^ wine, food, or elothen. * The wont
of Hucli porformaiuicft,* sayw Jolinnon, *bef(in
and tmds with the firflt. author/ Tho mont
iniporta,nt ronult of the production of thw
poBia wan that Philipn waw inlro<httud to
J larky and St, John, and was employed to
writ.6 verses upon the hat.tlo of J ; Uenliiim,
\vhichwerft iutitndd a the tory counterpart
to Addifion'ft* Campaign/ L Rlonhftim, a poem,
d to tlio Um'ht Ilouomublc Robert
Uarley, Ksq/ (, 1 70o), has lit t le int erest for t;lu>
reader of to-duy; at the end Philips says that,
it wasin t.he sweet Holittuleof St., John's 'rural
heat* that he * presumed to in^ Britannic
trophXts T tuexperf of war, with mean at-
tempt/ The piece imitates Milton's verso,
nod t he warfare resembles < hat of the I Had or
,Kneid, In the following year ( 1700) ' ( V
realia: an Imitation of M'iltou/ was pub-
lished by Thomas Bennet,t.he bookselh v r who
ijisued ' Blenheim ; f uud though it was uot;
included in the early edit ions of PhilipsV
works, thr<' can bo no doubt that it i by
him,
I'larly in J anuary 1 707 H Fcnton published,
in bin 'Oxford uud Cambridge Misc<lhmy
Poctns/ anhort * Haechnnial Son^' l)y Philips,
On M Jmu folli>win|4' teuton wrote to War-
ton ( WooM,, Mwttitiw of T/wut(tn /IV/'/o/n,
p, iftKt): 4 I lun j^bnl to lieur Mr, Philips
will publish his ** Pomona/' Who prints it, P
I hhoitld hi* Jiu^blily obliged to you if you
could gvl me it cojy of his versesa^ainst Black-
more, . , , Pll tiever imitate Milton move,
till the author of ** Blenheim '* h k forgotten/
The first book of * Cyder/ to which Ventou
alluded, hail been written while Philips was
lit Ovlbrd; nud on 7 Nov. l707Ton,son had
*iit'r*Ml into tin agreement with IMiilips to
pay forty piiniMtH for it. in two hooks, with
ton j^niucus for a necotul edition, The.rti
were to bt one hundred laftfe.-paper e.opie,
ml two <hnlicutit)u copies bound in leather.
Philips <ave a receipt for the forty guinean
on tJ t ,i'a!t, 1707 S (JonNHoM/////'^^ of t/M
poem was published on the iJOth (fhtttj/
(hHwt'itt)t It culbnl forth, in May, a folio
pamphlet,/ Wine/ the (irntpoem piiblislKul by
, John < Jay jj, v, ) t in which * Cyder ' is spoken
ofHomewhut. dlMpamgingly. Thi^ ptmtn, which
i the most import ant-of Plulipn's Mroduotions,
wan writ lun in irnitut ion of \ f irpfi ,V ( It^orgicrt,
and an exact acctnint of tho <jultur oi tho
upplif*tre.e, and of the wunufaftt.uro of cider
in varied by compliment H to varioun friends
and patroxtH, and by ninny local all UH ions to
IIorufonlKhins the county of PhilrpH'K ancMifl-
tor, where, Withinjafton wan Hpcwiaily famotia
for cider, Philip Miller, thin botanist [q. v.},
told Johnwm that * there wcro roauy books
written on tho muwe Hubjtc,t in prow which
do not contain HO much truth as that poem/
But Johnnon objected, not without reason,
that l\w, blank verse of Milton, which Pliilij 8
imitated, could not 'bo HURtaiued by images*
which at most can rinc? only to elegance/
And l*opt aid that Philip aue.eiuulwl ex-
trflmely wed! in lm imitation of 'Paradise
LOK|/ but wa quite wrong* in endeavouring
( to imitate it on wuclx a subject /QrtMW '^
Philips
177
Philips
Anecdotes, 1858, p. 131). In * Cyder,' as in
nearly everything he wrote, Philips cele-
brated 'Nature's choice gift/ tobacco, a
fashion for which had been set at Oxford by
Aldrich's example. In a coarse attack,
' Milton's sublimity asserted ... by Philo-
Milton' (1709), * Cyder' is spoken of as an
* idolised piece.'
Of Philips's minor productions, a clever
Latin ' Ode ad Henricum S. John,' written
in acknowledgment of a present of wine
and tobacco, was translated by Thomas New-
comb [q. v.] Philips also contemplated a
poem on the i Last Day,' but his hea.th grew
worse, and, after a visit to Bath, he died at
his mother's house, at Hereford, of con-
sumption and asthma, on 15 Feb. 1708-9
( UNDERBILL, Poems of John Gay, 1893, i.
275).
Philips's mother placed a stone over his
grave in the north transept of Hereford Ca-
thedral, with an inscription said to be by
Anthony Alsop of Christ Church (HEARNE,
Collections, ed. Doble,iii. 370). When the pre-
sent pavement was laid down, a small brass
plate in the floor was provided by subscrip-
tion, a bunch of apples being 1 engraved on it.
Philips's mother died on 11 Oct. 1716, and
her son SteDhen erected a marble slab to her
memory (!:[AVEBGAL, Monumental Inscrip-
tions in Hereford Cathedral^ pp. xx, xxii, 54).
In February 1710 Edmund Smith printed
a ' Poem to the Memory of Mr. John
Philips,' which was reprinted in Lintot's
* Miscellaneous Poems and Translations '
(1712), Leonard "Welsted, too, published
in 1710 ' A Poem to the Memory of the In-
comparable Mr. Philips/ with a dedication
to St. John. Tickell, in his ' Oxford' (1707),
had already compared Philips with Milton,
saying he ' equals the poet, and excels the
man.' Thomson praised him with more dis-
cretion. A monument in Philips's memory,
with the motto * Honos erit huic q uoque porno,'
from the title-page of ' Cyder, was erected
in Westminster Abbey in 1710, between the
monuments to Chaucer and Dray ton, by
Simon Harcourt (lirst viscount Harcourt)
[q. v.] The long epitaph was commonly
attributed to Robert Freind [q, v.], though
Johnson, on hearsay evidence, credited Atter-
bury with the authorship. Crull said the lines
were by Smalridge, and there is a well-known
story that the words ' Uni in hoc laudis
genere Miltono secundus * were obliterated
by order of Sprat, who was then dean, but
were restored four years later by Atterbury,
who did not feel the same horror at Milton's
name appearing in the abbey (STANLEY,
Westminster Abbey, pp. 261-2), An examina-
tion of the monument, however, reveals no
VOL. XLY.
indication that the words were at any time
interpolated.
Philips, according to the testimony of all
who knew him, was amiable, patient in ill-
ness, and vivacious in the society of inti-
mate friends. His poems, written in revolt
against the heroic couplet, between the
death of Dry den and the appearance of Pope,
occupy an important position in the history
of English literature. As author of ' Cyder/
Philips was a forerunner of Thomson in his
love of nature and country life.
An edition of Philips's 'Poems,' with a
'Life' by George Sewell, was brought out
by Curll in 1715; each part of the volume
has a separate register and pagination. There
was another edition in 1720, and a third in
1763. In some copies l Cyder' is a reprint,
while in others it is the 1 708 edition bound
up with the other pieces. ' II Sidro,' translated
into Tuscan by Count L. Magalotti, appeared
in 1749 ; and an edition of 'Cyder,' with, very
full notes by Charles Dunster, illustrative of
local allusions and of Philips's imitations
of earlier writers, was published in 1791.
Thomas Tyrwhitt translated the ' Splendid
Shilling ' into Latin.
A painting of Philips, by Riley, is in the
library at Nuneham-Courtenay (Description
of Nunehavn-Courtenay , 1806, p. 16) ; and
there are engravings, after Knell er, by M.
Vandergucht in Philips's ' Poems ' (1715) , and
by T. Cook in Bell's ' Poets ' (1782). There
is also a folio engraving, by Vandergucht, in
an oval frame; and a portrait, from a painting
in the possession of the Rev. Mr. Lilly, is
given in Duncumb's ' Hereford ' (vol. ii.)
[The first life of Philips was that by Sewell,
published in 1716; it was ^hort, and contained
little positive information. Further details were
added in the article in the Biographia Britan-
nica, in Johnson's Lives of the Poets, and in
Cunningham's notes to that work. Besides the
books cited, reference may be made to the fol-
lowing: Notes and Queries, 2nd ser. xii, 327,
3rd ser. i. 452, 497, ii. 12, 4th ser. v. 582, vi. 37,
5th ser. is, 258,397, 8th ser. vii. 242; G-ent.Mag.
1 780, pp. 280, 365 ; Bromley's Portrait*, p. 236 ;
Noble's Cont. of Granger ; l)israeli*s Quarrels of
Authors, p. 255 ; Nichols's Lit. Illustr. iv, 98, and
Lit. Anecd. iii. 147, v. 102, viii. 164, ix. 593;
Duncumb's Collections towards the History of
the County of Hereford, i. 572-7, ii, 245-9 ; Le
Neve's Mon. A ngl (1700-15), p, 156; Hackett's
Epitaphs, i. 99-103; Spence's Anecdotes (1858),
p. 261.] G-.A. A.
PHILIPS, KATHEKINE (1631-1664),
verse-writer, daughter of John Fowler, a
merchant of Bucklersbury, in the city of
London, and Katharine, his wife, third daugh-
ter of Dr. John Cteffbridge was born in the
N
Philips i ;
parish of St. Mary \Voolchnrch on t .Ian. ;
HI!U and wan there bnptwed on 1 1 Jan. fol-
lowing, Sho owed hor early education to a
cousin, a Miu IMaeKet, and at th" ago <{
eig'ht. wan went to a then fnHUinnuble hnurd- ,
i\\$ Hchool at- Hndcnoy-jkeptby Mrs, Salmon. '
Mi'H, Kowler, after tho death of h*r huwbund,
married Hector Plulipn of Forth Kynon, and
Ijor daughter became, iu 1017, the Hocotul i
wife of JatnoB Philips of tin 1 Priory, ( Wdi-
#an, tho eldest turn of Hector Philips by a
tnrmer marnag'e, Kathorino Philip^ after her ;
marriage, divided hor timo between London (
and bet* husband's bonne at (>nnlig'!uu She ,
gathered about her a society <>f friendship, '
tho nu^nbors of wluclt woro diHtiiifynishcd by i
variouH fanciful nanits, her hnsband appear- ,
in^ as Antonor, Sir lOdward Denn^ an Sil- |
vandor, und Jtromy Taylor an Palmmou, She .
beiw4f adopted tho pseudonym of I )rinda, by
>vhioh, wit It tho addition of tho ( k pithet
ln k r contemporaries, From early lift* f ntu-
dions luibitw, she dt^votod horsoin<> t-ho com-*
jiosit.ion of verses. Her cavlient verneH to
appear in print were thow prefixed to the
poems of Henry Vnufrlum, 1(551, and to the
collectt k d tslitloii of ( 'art-wri^ht of the HIIIUO
year. Other vorwon, Iniudod about in ianii"
script, secured her a cimwidorahlo reputation ;
and when, in U5(5^ t shti jourm\vod to Dublin
t<v promu'uto a <;bum of JUT hnnhand to oor-
tain lantls in Ireland, nlu 1 * wan rocoivod with
g'reat consideration iu tlu* family <jf tho
(knmtosK of (Jurk. While in Dublin Bho
been mo nctiiuiiutiod with Lowl RoncommoE
and the Karl of Orrery, and tho approval of
tb latter encouraged b(^r to complete^ a
translation of OonioilloV * I\)mp6o/ which
voa produced tbcro in the Smock-Alloy
re with ffroat HUCJCOHH in l^obruary HMJii-
Th pitw was printed in Dublin in,
. ..Oi^atid. in London, iu two ditfwant editions,
in tho saint* year, It was foUowod by a surrep-
titious and unaufclioriHrtd edition, dated 1064,
of her miHci'llawwurt poom, whicli anw{<l her
BO much annoyance that Marriott, tho pub*
lisher, waft mtiueed to ex'presft hin regret, and
bin intention to forbear tine, sale of tho book,
in an advertisement in the London * Intel U-
ffimcor J of IB Jan, 1604, At tho bo%ht of
lu^r "popularity MTH, Philips was fleizoct with
smallpox, ami died inFlwt Street on W June
Hi(J4. Slie was buriod in the churpli of St.
Benet Sherehog. She hid two children : a
BOH Hector, born in 1647, who lived only
fortv days ; and a daughter Katharine, born
13 April 1656, who married Lewis Wogan of
Boulston in Pembrokeshire.
The verses of 'the matchless Orinda 1 were
collected and published after her death under
Philips
tlu snporvisinn of Sir C^iarlpH ( 'ot l<inl(HK)7,
folio)* * INnnppy ' waKiiu'lndt'din t-ho, volume,,
niidnlMHiport ton of a I runslat ionof CornoilltVtij
* lltivun*/ which was hi^nn in ll(5t, Thoro
Is prcfHtnl u portrnit of Mr. Philips, en-
gnivod h ( v l''iulhorno from n post hnmoiiH bust;,
Many d(nils of (lui lifo <f Orinda tiro to be
d from tlu MrftUrs of Orinda to
huH* (Sir ('harlos ( Jot t owl), printed
in 170 "nand, \vith additions, in 170'). Tho
later edition contains n porlnut (Mig'ravtMl hy
N'ttndor^tu'ht, unpurcntly from (hoHaino bunt
as that which lilhorn k nsod,
OrindnV famo UH u poi k l. t alwnyB cotimclo,r-
ahiv in **xtuHs of lu k r merits, did not lonuj
nnrvivo her, though K<*ts, writing to ,1. II.
U(yuotdrt in 1817, quoted with apurovul hor
\*r*H8to * Miu M, \. at. part ing 1 , Jmvmy
Tayltn 1 nddn*Hm v <l to hnr lus * Lt'tim* on tho
MtHiwm'H and Oiliccn of Fricudslup.'
[ N'oCfH aiut Quon'oK, ild Hnr. i. ( (IM, v 202;
Athitt. MS, U-M DO, f, "1*2(5 ; t'urU'H MiMwilliiucu,
17*57 i- HU; Moyriek'n CariSi^iuiHluni, p. 101;
W(MHlVAihi*us' Oxon.wl. tllisHiii.7H7; (irnnucr'n
liio^r UtHt, 177t), iti 10JI 4; IJallni'd'H Momoirii
of Uvitinh Lwth'w, p. V.01 ; l'Jdu\undUoHHo'H8vou*
twiith (Vntwy- StudN'H, | (K T, U<
, K>H7), manner,
with (Captain John Uawkytw in \m
pfo of l/HIH, and wan ono of thost^ who,
to* tho nnuiber of 114, wore put on fthoro
tioar Paniu*'> t after tho diHiiHl^r *it San Juan
do, laia [MOO HAWKINK or HAWKTKH, Sut
JoN |, Aft or lowing many of tlieir com-
panionn in BkirmtHhort with tlw Indiana,
they roachtul Panueo, vvliorotho Spanirth go-
vernor thritHt them into a filthy dungeon,
and tliroat.tnvnl to luutg thorn. They were
aftwwarda wmt to Mo.xio.0 and allottcwl t as
ftwvautB^ oat'.h Hpnniar<l wlio took one being
bound to produce, him when callod oiu Aftiu*
several montlm in Mexico a a domoHtic H(,r-
vaiit, IMulipn \viiH appointed ovo.rwoor at a
Hilvor mino,, whoro iu th<i conrw* of thnse or
four yo.arrt ho accumulated Homo four thou-
' KandV'u'cefJ of oityht. But in 1574 tho m-
! (jti'mitiou wa i^tahliHluwi in Mexico, and, hy
' way of a botfiunitttf, tlm ituitiimtion .seized all
tlio Kttg'liKhjBtrippod thorn of tho money tlwy
had mmtlf and ehar^cul them with being Lu-
thwanUrotic.fl Hiiii'pB, with othew, wasre-
. ,
quirwdto Hay tluqtatwrntmtor, Ave Maria, and
the creed m Latin, and wan questioned as t.o
hin belief coucorning 1 the bread and wine after
consecration, Many of them were cruelly
racked 5 awd after close and solitary impri-
sonment for upwards of a year and a half,
they wwe brought up for judgment, Three
of the party wre sentenced to bo burnt ;
several to be severely flogged and to serve iu
the galleys for ix, eight, or ten years. Philips
Philips
179
Philips
was condemned to serve five years in a monas-
tery, wearing f a fool's coat or San Benito '
of yellow cotton with red crosses on it.
When the five years came to an end he
was allowed to go free, but not to quit the
country. He bound himself for three years
to a silk-weaver. Afterwards, on news of
Drake having 1 landed at Acapulco, he was
sent there as interpreter, with a body of two
hundred soldiers. After searching along the
coast to Panama, and learning that Drake
had certainly departed, they returned to
Mexico, and, amonth later, Philips succeeded
in escaping to Vera Cruz, where he hoped to
get on board a ship. He was, however, appre-
hended, but managed to escape to the woods,
where he fell in with some Indians, who guided
him to Puerto de Cavallos in Honduras,
whence he obtained a passage to Havana.
There he entered as a soldier, and was sent
to Spain. At San Lucar he was denounced as
an Englishman, but he got away to Seville,
afterwards entered again as a soldier on board
a galley bound to Majorca, and there found
an English ship which carried him to Eng-
land. He landed at Poole in February 1581-
158-2.
Such is the outline of the story told by
Philips himself to Hakluyt ; but beyond the
facts that he was put on shore by Hawkyns,
that the inquisition was established in Mexico
in 1574, and that he returned to England, it
is uncorroborated. The .outlines of his story
may however be true.
Having arrived in England in February
1581-2, Philips would seem to have sailed
from Southampton with John Drake in the
following May. On 29 Jan. 1586-7 he
was rescued by Captain Lister of the Clifford
near the Earl of Cumberland's watering-place
on the River Plate, that is, close to where
John Drake was wrecked in 1582. He ap-
pears to have returned to England in the
Clifford.
[Hakhiyt's Principal Navigations, iii. 469 et
eeq., 727, 772.] J. K. L.
PHILIPS, NATHANIEL GEORGE
(1795-1831), artist, was the youngest son of
John Leigh Philips of Mayfield, Manchester,
where he was born on 9 June 1795. His
father, besides gaining great popularity as
lieutenant-colonel commandant of the Man-
chester and Salford volunteers, formed a re-
markable collection of books, 'pictures, and
other works of art which, on 'iis death in
1814, were dispersed at a sale that extended
over nineteen days. Philips was educated
at the Manchester grammar school, and after-
wards entered the university of Edinburgh,
with the intention of qualifying for the
medical profession. "While pursuing his
medical studies he made the acquaintance,
among many brilliant men then resident in
Edinburgh, of Sir William Allan [q. v.] and
other distinguished artists of the Scottish
school, By their advice he ultimately adopted
art as a profession.
The possession of a moderate competency
enabled him to prepare himself thoroughly
for his new vocation. In 1824 he went to
Italy for three years, and so greatly was his
talent appreciated in Rome that, on the
death of Fuseli, he was, in 1825, elected to
fill his place as a member of the academy of
St. Luke. On his return to England he
settled in Liverpool, where he worked in-
dustriously. He exhibited landscapes at the
Liverpool Academy and the Royal Manches-
ter Institution. The work by which he is
best remembered is a series of twenty-eight
engravings on cooper, many of them beauti-
fully executed by himself from his own
drawings, of old halls in Lancashire and
Cheshire. These were originally issued in
1822-4, and there is some doubt if more
than twenty-five were then printed. All
were reissued in book form in 1893, 'with
descriptive letterpress by twenty-four local
contri outors ' ana a memoir of the artist.
Philips, who also practised etching, died un-
married at his residence, Rodney Street,
Liverpool, on 1 Aug. 1831. His work is
remarkable for accuracy, and is bold and
masterly. A drawing, in sepia, in the pos-
session of the writer, depicts the Windmills
at Bootle near Liverpool.
A portrait of Philips was introduced by
Sir William Allan, P.R.S.A., in the prin-
cipal group of his picture i The Circassian
Slave. 7
[Manchester School Register (Chetham Soc.) ;
Mem. by W. Morton Philips in newediiionof
N. GL Philips's Views,' 1893.] A, N.
PHILIPS, PEREGRINE (1623-1691),
nonconformist preacher, was born at Am-
roth, Pembrokeshire, of which parish his
father was vicar, in 1623, He was educated
first at the grammar school, Haverfprdwest,
afterwards by Sir Edward Harley's private
chaplain at Brampton- Bryan, Herefordshire,
and then by Dr. William Thomas (after-
wards bishop of St. David's). He proceede d
to Oxford, but the outbreak of the civil war
soon put an end to his studies. He now
took orders, acted for some time as curate to
his uncle, Dr. Collins, at Kidwelly, Carmar-
thenshire, and then received the rectory of
Llangwm and Freystrop in his native county.
His talents as a preacher in Welsh and Eng-
lish soon attracted the notice of the puritan
Philips
1 80
Philips
g-cntlcmon of the district, who procured tor
liiiu the living of Monkton, St. MaryX Pem-
broke, and Ooaheston, lie preached popularly
twcry Sunday in his churches, and in U54S,
at (VmnvcU'H request, discoursed to the
officers engaged in the siege of Pembroke.
Throughout 1 . the Oommonwealth period ho
held au inlluential position, being a member
of Uw county committee which dealt with
J scandalous' ministers. lit*, refused to con-
form in I (KiiJ, accordingly lost his livings, and
settled at Dredgmau Hill, a (arm near Haver-
iordwest t let to him hy his friend Sir Her-
bert, Perrol of HurroUfstou, where he spent
fchcs rest; of his life as a nonconformist preacher.
During 1 the- reign of Diaries II ho was sub-
ject to much persecution, KuU'ering imprison*
meat twin*; nevertheless he continued to
preach at every opportunity, and his bonne
was recorded as a congregationalist preach-
ing Mtat ion under the lirst l)( v claratiou of In-
dul^ouco (H>7^). Tht 1 ! church hnhad fornicd
in UJOH IH nic-ntionod in tlu\ lint, drawn up by
Henry Maurice, of Aberg'avcnny in 1(57*5. On
the iwstio of thoHocond Doctarattonof ludul-
g'c.ncc (I(5S7) Philips a^uin took out a Heeiwo
for IUH own lu)UHcand another in Hiivtvford-
wot, and pr*ac.h(Hl in tluwo tintil his d(atU
on 17 Sept, UiOl. Though fearhwn and in-
di^fat i^able in IHH work, Iw wan veie.koued a
modorattunan, and * took no wnall
fayfi CJalumy, * in reconciling* diif
( Calamy'ri NonconformiiSt.a' Motnorial, otl.
l^tlmor, 1775, ii. 02i)-.JJ2; HOOH^ Prof;*H(imfc
Nom;i>nforiuity in Waltn, edit, 1BHIJ, pp. 17B,
U)222-V8, r J J, Ii L P
PHILIPS or PHILIPPI, PKTKR or
I^JirrUt ) ( t /. l/5rtO-KWl ), musical cotnpoMt^
\\-rn born in England, but Mptmt Ilia Ufo on
the continent* llo was organist, at Buthune
in Fiandot'M, and later becaiuo one, of the
throe organtHt.H to the Archduke Albert and
Netherlands from loOO to K'JdL ( >n March
KUO Philips was appointed canon (tf Ht
VincontX Soi^niea, In HW1 he wan ")ree,nt
at the funeral of the archduke (Turin),
Peacham describee him as i one of the greatest
masters ofxnuHic in Europe.* Barney credits
him with being an early writer of the regular
fugue on one subject.
lie publiahecl many works at Antwerp,
including; ^ 1. 4 Contributiona to 'Melodia
Olympica di diversx eccellentiflHimi musici a
4, 5, 6, 8 voci/ 1591, reprinted in 1594 and
1011, 2. 'Ilprimo libro di Madrigali a 6/
1596, 8. < Madrigali a B/ dedicated to Sir
"William Stanley, 1598-9. 4. <T1 secoiido
libro di Madrigali a 6/ ,1 608-4. 5, ' Cantiones
Sacwe a 6,' 1612, 6. < Oantkmes Sacrm a 8/
1 (U.S. 7. M immunise Suprm, a i2 J) voci, cum
basso p.onthwo ,'id ortfamim/ KJl.'J M, 1(121.
8, * Delie'iie Snene biuis et> ternis vocibua/
1(1^2. 1), 4 Litauite B. V, M, in eccli\sia Loro
tana cam solitse, a -I, 5,<)/ 1(5^:{. in. 'l>ara-
disiiK Sacri-s (lantioinibius a H, it. cum
'
,
A litthMlevotionnl book, * Les
spirituelH,' of which the hymns in two and
four part,H were founded on the, harmonics of
Plu"lipri,\vn,s published at Val< k uc.ie,iin(s, HJK);
I*hiUps'rt M) Pius tor wienie ' i.s in Jtnvell'a
Mottett book ; Hawkins reprinted the madri-
gal * Voi volet**' ( ffixt, p, 48.H) ; Simnsou has
some, of Philips^ pieces in the ' '{ afelcon-
Hort/a<l f Amor che vtioi* has be(u renulited
by Mr. Barclay Secure, ISiK).
Manuscript mmte by Plulius LH in the Bri-
tish Museum Addit. MSS, i-liliW, 17H02-5
(among pietuss by old Hnglish (Mtmposors a
i Pitter tioster'aud *Sauc(e DeitH 1 by *JMaHtet
Philip van Wilder/ presumably meant for
Philips), IHlllJS^JiKKM^JM^K) (fifteen pi^en).
Among the virginal music at- the Kitxwilliam,
Musmn, ('ambridge, there in a pavan dated
158() t Htiid to be *the iirst one Philipn tnade/
Several of his pieces for the lute MO. in the
RoyuK'lollege of Music (No, 11)04 in
Another musician, Ron HUT PIUUTO (JL
15'1<! l551)F) t in waid by Foxe t.o have !>een a
gentleman of the King's c.liapid aft Windsor.
Koxe dcHcrihes Philips as *so notable a sing-
ing man (whenun IM gloried) that where-*
Hoover he came, the best and longest Hong,
"with most counter verms in it., should be sett
up at; his coming/ While at Windsor, Foxo
continncw, * agaiunt IUH comirtg to the an-
thenie^alongsong was H(\t up called " Laudato
vivi. n In which song there was one counter
verso toward the end, thit began on thiA
wise, "0 Redem])trix t () Sal vatrix," which
vers<"( of all other liobert Philips would sing,
because he knew that [a fellow member of
the choir named J Tostwood cotihl not abide
that dittie. Now Teat wood joy nod with him
at the other part; and when he heard R, P,
begin to fetch his flourish with "0 Hedemp-
trix et Salvatrix," np<it'itigthe name, in one
anothora' nt^ckn, Test-wood waa as q^uick ow
the other si do to answ(r him again with
" Non Redemptrix, neo Salvatrix," and so
striving there with "()" and "Non," who
should have the maatorie, they made an end
of the verse, , . * Robert Philips, with
other of Teatwood's enemies, were sore of-
fended ' (Foxa, Aett, v, 409),
[Bnrney'a Hist, iii, 86 ; Peacham's Compleat
Gentleman, p. 102; 0-wlxw's Mumk-lwicon,
Thoil m* col. G9f> F^tis's Biographie, torn, vii.
p. 38 ; 0rove^ Diet ii, 705,} L, M, M.
Philips
181
Philips
PHILIPS or PHILLIPS, RICHARD
(lot) 1-1751), governor of Nova Scotia, was
born hi England in 1661, and seems to have
entered the army as lieutenant in Lord Mor-
peth's regiment of foot on 23 Feb. 1678. He
served under William III in the war against
James, and was present at the Boyne in 1690.
Later he was commissioned to raise a regiment
for service in New England, and was made
its lieutenant-colonel in 1712 ; this regiment
was afterwards the 40th foot. In 1717 he
seems to have administered the province for
some months, but returned to England before
1719, when he came out with a commission,
as ' captain-general,' and with instructions
to form the first separate council of Nova
Scotia. He stayed at Boston from September
1719 till 6 April 1720, and was honourably
received as the new governor (SEWALL,
Diary).
On his arrival at Annapolis, Nova Scotia,
in April 1720, Philips found some difficulty
in forming his council. He composed it
largely of his own officers without reference
to their military rank; this led to internal
dissensions, which hindered Philips from
dealing effectively with the discontent of
the French settlers. The latter refused to
take the oath of allegiance to the governor,
and thus set on foot what is known in his-
tory as the Acadian affair. Philips seems
to have inclined towards coercing the dis-
affected Frenchmen, but was discouraged
by the home authorities. In 1722, accord-
ingly, he went home for further instructions,
leaving his lieutenant, PaulMascarene [q. v,],
to continue the struggle. He had returned
to Annapolis by 1729, and came to a better
understanding with the Acadians, making a
beginning of local government for the French
inhabitants. Returning again to England
after 1730, he remained nominally governor,
but neglected his duties. His deputy, Mas-
carene, according to his own account, could
not properly attend to the needs of the troops
because of ' the parsimony or peculation of
Philips.' Philips apparently became a gene-
ral before he resigned the government of Nova
Scotia in 1749. He died in England in 1751.
[Collections of Massachusetts Historical So-
ciety, passim; Nova S'-otia Historical Collections,
vol. ii. 22-4, v. 69-76 ; Hali burton's History of
Nova Scotia, i. 93 ; Brake's Dictionary of Ameri-
can Biography ; Winsor's Hist, of America, v.
122,409-10.] C. A. H.
PHILIPS, ROBERT (d. 1650?), con-
fessor to Queen Henrietta Maria, and an ora-
torian or father of the Oratory, is described
as of Scottish origin. He was attached to
the service of the queen after the expulsion
| of her French priests and attendants in Au-
gust 1626. He left Rome for England in
order to take up this position 011 29 Aug.
1628, in company with Father Henry Morley.
He seems to have possessed influence over
the queen, and it was to him that she appealed
to intercede with the pope for aid against the
Long parliament in 1640. Philips represented
to her, as the popo's nuncio Rossetti had
already done, that help could not be given
unless her husband were a catholic. He
afterwards informed Rossetti that the queen
had promised him that, if the pope would
send her money, the king on regaining his
authority would grant liberty of worship in.
all his kingdoms. These negotiations, in which
the queen was probably the only serious par-
ticipator, became known by rumour to the
House of Commons, and were construed
by them to signify a ' popish plot,' Early in
1641 a letter from Philips to his friend and
fellow-oratorian "Walter Montagu [cj.v.] was
intercepted, and he was sent for by t'je house.
Having managed to evade the first, summons,
a warrant was issued for his arrest. But
when the sergeant-at-arms arrived at his
rooms in Whitehall, Philips was not to be
found. On the following day, however,
25 June 1041, by the king's direction, he ap-
peared before the house, and excused his pre-
vious non-appearance on the ground that the
warrant was in the name of Francis Phillips
(the name of another of the queen's priests).
After some delay he admitted the authen-
ticity of the letter. Subsequently articles
of impeachment, containing a number of
vague charges, such as that he had attempted
to pervert Prince Charles and was, together
with Sir Tobie Matthew [q. v.], a secret emis-
sary and spy of the pope, were exhibited
against him. Richard Browne, the English
ambassador at Paris, reported that Richelieu
was much displeased by the mention made of
his name in these articles. The articles were
ultimately allowed to drop, as was also the
proposal, substituted by Pym, that Philips
should be banished as 'tending to prejudice
the state,' together with the queen's "capu-
chins, Philips was merely ordered to hold
himself in readiness to appear again when
sent for. The lords 7 committee summoned
him on 2 Nov. 1641 to be sworn and ex-
amined ' touching state matters ' by the lords'
commit fcee. Thinking 1 that some one had be-
trayed the secret of the queen's negotiations
with Rome, he raised the preliminary objec-
tion that the English bible was no true bible,
and that he could not be sworn on it. Thelords
committed him to the Tower. There it was
stated that numerous catholics resorted to
see him. During the month the queen wrote
Philips
Phillimore
a diplomatic lot tor to the. ypoaker on hit^bo-
half. In December, npon Ins own petition,
ho was removed to Somorae/t Houne, on con-
dition of IUH not, going iu v ar the court. Sub-
sequently, in March '1012, he and another
pne^t accompanied Henrietta Maria to The
Hague, Foley tato8 that lie died at .Paris
about 1 050 at. a ripe old a#e,
[Nalwon'H Collection of Allnirn of State, !i. 310,
316, MM, fit)?, 605, 091 ; HiiHhworth'H Collectionu,
iv, !HH ; Lor turn of Quoun Htmriorta Maria, cd,
Green, p. oQ ; Pnnawiui'a Momoirn, p, 90 ; Foloy's
Itacordtt, v. 1008 j Clarendon Bobollum, v. 188-
184; Gard'mwr'H Hist, vole, ix. x,; Oal. HUM
PaporH, Dom. MH1~4,] T. 8.
PHILIPS, ROWLAND (d. 158H f ), war-
O.t!ii 01 Morton College, WUH educated at Oriel
College, Oxford, and was proctor of tlw
\uuvorait\y in 145)0, Flo became a 'prat. (
divine and a renowned clerk,' being; eHpeemlly ;
I'amwl n a preacher, lie held the rectory
of 8L Margaret Pattonn until 1015. On ;
14 Anf. 1517 ho wa appointed rector ot" ,
St. JVlichaeVH, Conxhill, and on iJ8 Nov. to I- j
lowing prebendary of Neundon in St. PnulV
In Ifiiil he wan elected warden of Mcrton,
bHng the HrHt warden who wan noit.he.r
tiohoTar nor fellow of tho (Jo) logo proviouwly,
1I was admitted I)J), $ June 15^, and
became vicar of Croydon in tho mum year,
Philipn toolc a prdmintnit part in convoca-
tion in Id&J in oppoaing (Cardinal \VolHy ? H
propowalB for a Hubwidy. He preached at tlio
funoral of TliomaHltuthal, himiop of Durham,
4 in St John Baptiat Chapel adjoining the
Abbey of \VtwtmmHt(jr,Mu W22. In W24,
he wan made precentor of Hereford CatluHlral
(iJO Nov.) At the end of that year he ottered
to resign his wardenfthip of Morton on con-
dition that Dx% MoacroliVs name nhould bo
among the three to be gubuuttod to the
visitor in hia place, but on the fcllowft re-
ject.itig this conv[)tomiBB ho reaigned abso-
lutely 'in 15s36. tl'is religions opinions were
not those of Cromwell. lie reMigned the
rectory of St, Michael's, Cornhill, ancl the
vicarage of Croydon in May 15JJB, receiving
a pension of I'll, in conHideration of hU ad-
vanced years, lie probably died in the same
year (JSwaoTOT, i 185, 488).
[Wood'u Athena Oxon, ; Manuscript Records
of the Wardens of Morton; Brodrich-'s Memorials
of Mertow College, wp, pp. 61, 163 ; DugdaU'a
Monasticon; Bodd's Church Hintory* i. 209;
Letters and Paper of Henry VIII, lfl22-38,
pHseim; GarroVs Croydoja, p. 298 ; Foster's
Alumni] (X B. B.
PHILIPS, WILLIAM (rf 1784), dra-
matist, was eon of George Philips of London-
derry [q.v.], and at an early age applied himself
to writing for the stu^e. A tragculy, entitled
'Tlui l^n-eng-eiuHiuetm' (London, U598 ? Hvo),
acted nt Drury Lane in 1008, is tho first
aHcribodto him, The nubjoct wan taken from
Maehiavelli'H l Hwtory o'f Kloroncti,' and tho
ftcene wan laid in Verona. The piece has
resemblances to U^venantVAiboyim!, King
of the, Lotubardn/ of which Philips, in tho
">riutod edition, sayB ho was ignorant until he
'd hia* own work ((JKNIJHT, Hi^t.
4**), PhilipB^H ne.xt play was 'St.
iMin, or the Ueneroun l^ovens/ a
comedy in tivo actn; iti waH performed at the
Theatro Uoyal, Dublin^ and printed in that
city in 17()0. In the laat act a mnwical
dwlotfuo in vtn'Ho WHH introduced; the scontt
throughout wan in Dublin, Tho author, in
a dedication to William O'Bvien, earl of
Jnehiqmn, mentioned that the nlnyliad }uui
lavourahty rectuved by the. public. (Jopiewof
thiK work are ruro A irn^'.uy, by Philitm, <ui-
tltled * llibernia Fretul,' wan produced with
mmce.MH, on lit Feb. I7 k J2, at the Theatro
Royal, ,Lincolt,V Tnn Ficldw, and publiHhed
in *Hvo, London, 17i'^, Tho nubject WUH
tho liberation of Ireland and itw monarch,
O'Urien, from the tyranny of 'TnrgeHiurt,' a
Daninh invader, The capture and duat.hn of
the I Jam 11 and IUH anaociateH we,na*epreHenti'd
to have horn eilecUid by armed youn$ men,
attired an maidens Tho part of* Turgewiurt'
wan actet! by ,uii w ^ I1 1 HO ^oko t.ho
*
,
lo^ue, and *the (Mlof> i no waft delivered by
Mrs, Bullock (i?>. iii. 79 -80). ThilipH dodi-
cattnl thiH play to Henry O'Brien, earl of
ThomomL On M April 17$ ano(,hor of
8vo'),'wiiH performed at Linooln'H InnFicldn,
and repeated tux tinu^fl. It containa the
line, ypoken by tlw hero/ Who will givo an
oboliiH to relitiVemy wantHF' which Heemn to
have, become a nlang phruMo in the form ' Give
n penny to .Bi'ltHariuH th g'ttneraL' 1 Gibbon
(jnoteB the cxprcHHion in IUH account of ]kdi
iariufl, and najH it IH due to an historical
miBconcei)tion (il>. ill 14(^7). A not her ^ra-
gedy^ ' Aleamenea and Mt{noli]>pa 1 ' is aHcrihtsd
to f'hilipH in William Mtjarfi'a 'Catalogue of
Plays' (17KJ), IIo died on 12 Dec, 17JU
. (Qetit. M<tff. 1734, p. 703).
(Waro'e Writers of Ireland, 1746; Biographia
Dram titum, London, 1812; O'Donoffhuo'a ^oots
of Ireland, p. 204 ; Plays by Philips,] J. T. 0.
PH1LLIMOBB, OREVILLK (1821-
18B4), divino and author, born in London
on 6 Feb. 1821, was the fifth son of Joseph
Phillimore [a. v.], reglus profoseor of civil
law, and brother of Sir Robert Joseph Philli-
more [q* v.], judge of the admira.ty court,
lie was educated successively at Westmin-
Phillitnore
183
Phillimore
ster School, Charterhouse, and Christ Churcli,
Oxford, where he graduated B.A. in 1842,
and M.A. in 1844. Taking holy orders, he
was curate successively at Henley-on-Thames
and at Shiplake. In 1851 he became vicar
of Dovvn-Ampney, near Cricklade, and in
1867 he returned as rector to Henley, where
he remained until, in July 1883, he accepted
the crown living of Ewelrne. There he died
on 20 Jan. 1884. He married, on 1G April
1857, Emma Caroline, daughter of Captain
Ambrose Goddard (1779-1854) of the Lawn,
Swindon, M.P, for Cricldade from 1837 to
1841.
Phillimore was joint editor, with Hyde
"Wyndham Beadon and James Russell Wood-
ford (afterwards bishop of Ely), of the ' Parish
Hymn Book/ first issued in 1863, to which
lie contributed, besides translations, eleven
original hymns, several of which have been
reprinted in other collections. His ' Paro-
chial Sermons ' were published in 1856 (Lon-
don, 8vo ; 2nd edit. 1885), and he was author
of ' Uncle Z,' a story of Triberg, in the Black
Forest (1881), and ' Only a Black Box, or a
Passage in the Life of a Curate ' (1883). A
memorial volume, printed at Henley in 1884,
and edited by his daughter Catherine, con-
tains his hymns and a few sermons.
[Foster's Alumni Qxon. 1715-1886; Julian's
Dictionary of Hymnulogy, p. 803 ; Times,
22 Jan. 1884 ; Guardian, 30 Jan. 1884; Bui-fee's
Landed Gentry, p. 773; Phillimore's Works in
British Museum.] T. S.
PHILLIMORE, SIB JOHN (1781-1840),
captain in the navy, third son of Joseph
Phillimore, vicar of Orton-on-the-IIill in
Leicestershire, and brother of Joseph Philli-
more [q. v.], was born on 18 Jan. 1781. He
entered the navy in the spring of 1795, on
board the Nymphe frigate, with Captain
George Murray (1759-1819) [q. v.], and was
present in the action off Lorient on *23 June
179o, In 1796 he followed Murray to the
Colossus, and was in her in the battle of Cape
St. Vincent, and when she was wrecked
among the Scilly Islands in December 1798,
He was again with Murray in the Edgar in
the Baltic, but having been sent to the Lon-
don, Sir Hyde Parker's flagship, to pass his
examination, wa^in her when the battle of
Copenhagen was fought. He was then acting
as signal-midshipman, and made the cele-
brated signal to Nelson to discontinue the
action. The first lieutenant of the Edgar
having been killed in the battle, Phillimore
was promoted to the vacancy ; he was after-
wares in the London, the Spartiate, and the
Gannet sloop, and was made commander on
10 May 1804 In October 1805 he was ap-
pointed to the Cormorant armed ship in the
North Sea, and in September 1806 was -moved
to the Belet te, a fine 18-gun brig, on the Downs
station and off Boulogne under Commodore
Owen. In the spring of 1807 he convoyed
three storeships to the Baltic for the relief of
Colberg, then besieg-ed by the French under
Augereau. The Belette afterwards joined the
fleet under Admiral Gambier at Copenhagen,
and, as a mark of the admiral's approval of
Phillimore's services, was sent to England
with the despatches. Accordingly Philli-
more was advanced to post rank on 13 Oct.
1807, but remained in command of the Belette,
which returned to the Baltic, and in February
1808 brought Lord Hutchinson to England
from Gothenburg. For some months in 1809
Phillimore commanded the Marlborough in.
the Scheldt, and in June 1810 was appointed
to the Diadem, a 64-gun ship, employed as
a trooper with a reduced armament. The
navy board therefore gave orders for her to
be on the establishment of a 32-gun frigate,
with a ludicrously insufficient supply of
stores. Phillimore's protests were in vain,
until, after pointing out that the paint was
barely half of what was required, he begged
to be informed which side they would like
to have painted, the starboard or larboard.
It was in the course of this correspondence
that Phillimore, noticing that the commis-
sioners signed themselves as used to be the
custom for a superior office his ' affection*
ate friends,' signed himself in his reply as
their ' affectionate friend,' for which he was
promptly reprimanded. Phillimore acknow-
, ! edged the letter, and signed himself t no
longer your affectionate friend/ For the
next three years the Diadem was engaged
in carrying troops or prisoners to or from
the peninsula, and in May 181 & Phillimore
was appointed to the Eurotas, a 4C-guu
frigate carrying light 24-pounders on the
main deck. During the year she was attached
to the fleet off Brest; in January 1814 she
was sent off Lorient to watch three frigates
reported as ready for sea. On a dark night,
with a strong easterly wind, they ran out
and away to the westward. Phillimore had
anticipated their sailing, and the next morn-
ing had them still in sight. After chasing
them for three days he lost them in a fog,
and, being short of provisions and water,
returned to England with the news of their
escape. By the beginning of February the
Eurotas was again at sea, and on the 25th
fell in with the French frigate Clorinde of
nominally equal force. Ttte Clorinde had
more men, and it was a question whether
her heavy IS^pounders were not more effi-
cient than itihe Eurotas's light 24-poundert;,
Phillimore
184
Phillimore
Tlu* action which followed wan one of tho
mont equal and ntubboru (hiring tho war.
By nightfall tho Kurotua wan completely
dismasted; tho Olorindo had putt, of her fore-
mast Htatiilintf and drifted a\vny. She wan
not, however, lost Hitfht of, Phillimoro had
been tnont daiviyorounly wounded and WHK
below, but by tho exert ionn of tho first lieu-*
tonant t when morning 1 came tho Kurotun wan
jury-rigged and ffoing 1 flvo linotn and a half
towards the enemy, which wan wtill in tho
aino ntato an on tho previous evening* It
wan a remarkable bit of noatuannhip, and
jnuHt havo led to a brilliant HUCCOHH; but,
unfortunately for Phillitnoro, tho KngliMh
frigate Ilryud and tho Ae.lwtoB nloop eumn
in night* and on their closing" tho Ulonndo
Klw ntruck <o an evident mtpenonty of force,
On 4 Juno 1815 Phillimoro was nominated a
(?,n, f hut hin woundn rendered him for some
yearn inenpnhle of active norvieo, lit April \
18:10 he accepted thoeommandofthe, WilUnm :
and Alary yacht, at. tho disposal of t.ho lord
lieutenant. *of Ireland, Karl Talhothy whom
he wan knighted, In March 18#J lie WHM
appointed to the Thotin frigate, on a roving
onmnunnion to Mexico and the Went Indton,
count of Africa, Wouth America, and t.lic*
Mediterranean.
On one of IMiillimorVrt nhort vinitH to
Kn^liutd diiring 1 thin time IUH attention wrw
cal'.cd to tlio account- ^iven in Jamew'H
^Kaval IIiHrory T *t;lm tjewly pnblmhcd ' of
the act ion between tho Mnrotaw and CJlorindt*,
which ho conceived ^eileeted mjitriotinly on
tho discipline, of tho Kurotan, Tho Httit eme.nt
wa, in eirot> that tho ii4-ponnd(n*H did not
<lo an much execution an had heen done in
other actions by 18potnidorj and that tho
whip had btuni long* enough in comjaiwHion
for her men 'to have been taught a few
practical rulos of frimnory.' Phillimoro got
jx)rty-e,ight ho urti' leave, wnt up to London,
and, armed with a stout cane, called on
Jamee and adminiHtorwd a Bound t.hrnahing,
in compensation for which ho afte/rwardn
paid 100/. "w> JAM MB, WILLIAM (*1 1HI27)';,
A better linown hicid(^,it, Htill often told,
occurred ou the homeward voyago of the
Thtftw from Capo CoaHt OacttU; whoro who
bad taken an effective part against tho
Ashante-es. In August 18*24 aha put. into
St. Michael's for supplies for the we'll, when
the English remdenta requested Phillimore
to have tho English burial-ground COUBO-
crutted* Phillimore at once consented, and
sending for the chaplain gave him an ordftr
to consecrate it the next day at", noon. The
chaplain demurred, and explained that only
a bishop could consecrate, '.'hereupon Phiili
more gave Mm an acting order a bishop of
St. M it'lmrlX and tho ground waac
In ttu^ following 1 ymr thtr Tlutis \vmit< up
tho M<*dittrrftnoan, carrying the I^nglLsh aiu-
liaswulor t.o Nnphw, and on tlw honuward
voyage put into (Hhraltnr, just, in tiuw to
cat nljli.Hh a claim to tho jurindictiou of the
piirt, in ituwuh'st HnH St*vtM\t( i tn Mnglish
inj'irliant j^ltipa, Itlown from thoir anchors iu
a violent ^ulo, hu<l boon driven on shore at
th head of tho buy, on Spanish territory,
and were churned by tho Spanish comman-
dant at Algoxirurt nn coming undor hw autho-
rity. This claim rhilliinorerefnstHl to allow,
and leading in tho Timlin's boatH, nianntul
and armed, drove tjiV tlu* Spanish 1 roopn who
liml iirtul on the Halving party. I ( or tltin
nor vice in wiving the cargoon Phillimore re.-*
coivod a letter of tluinkn from t.lu* imn'chuntH
of (librnltnr, and afterwnnlH from Lloyd's;
hut UH principal "unportnuee, in as a prooo-.
<lent f which httn been ret'orded An* tlu^ guid-
ance of tho senior ollieer at (Hhraltar, It
wan during tlttw commission of th<* Thetin
that Phiilimoro, with tin* eonnent, of the ml-,
nnndty, tentatively reduced tho ration of
rum from half a pint to one gill, paying tho
tnen Havings-price for tho other gill, Tho
good elleetn of thin reduction, which wan, in
the iiret instance, perfectly voluntary on tho
part' of thcnioti, wero HO evident that it wan
permanently adopted by tho admiralty iu
July IHiM, To IMiiUimore \vt*n^ alno diui
other (Changes for the, connfort antl improve-
ment of tho Houmon, among which may ho
counted the paynit^nt of a monthly advance,
actually adopted on board tho Thetis, (lap-
tain Drow, who nerved with him in every
whip he commanded, haw recorded that Mua
mind wtw cxmst-autly employed in endea-
vouring to ameliorate, tho condition of his
fellow-orout uro,H, but particularly BritiMh
gcjumin ; ' that ho wa * a hind protector to
thoHO over whom ho wan placod in authority
. , , but IOHH agr(ftbl( to 'thono undor whom
ho Nerved,' Tho Thotiw %vn paid oil 1 in No-
vember IH^(, and Phillimoro had no further
BO r vices-
Ho Hottlod in a eottngo on the Thames
near Maidenhead, Thw wound which ho had
received in tho action with tho Clorindo had
newer coasod to catwo him uneaBino^B, and
of the efloetn of it his eventually died on
21 March 1840, He was buried in Bray
churchyard.
In I'HttQ bo married Catherine Harriot,
daughter of Koar-admiral JtUigorafekL She
survived him a lew monthH, and was buried
beside him. Ho left isfiuft, bosidcn four
daughters, two Bone, of whom the younpor,
Henry Houchier, died an admiral and C,B
tn 18u&
Phillimore
185
Phillimore
[Memoir by Captain Andrew Drew, R.N., in
the United Service Magazine, June 1850 ; Mar-
shall's Roy. Nav. Biogr. v. (Suppl. pt. i) 242 ;
Gent. Map;. 1840, i. 652; information from Ad-
miral fcir Augustus Phillimore, Sir John's
nephew.] J. K. L.
PHILLIMORE, JOHN GEORGE (1808-
1865), jurist, eldest son of Joseph Philli-
more [q. v.], was born on 5 Jan. .808. He
was educated at Westminster School and at
Oxford. On 28 May 1824 he matriculated
from Christ Church, of which he was faculty
student, and graduated B. A. in 18:38, having
taken a second class in the classical schools j
he proceeded M,A. in 1831.
From 1827 to 1832 he held a clerkship in
the board of control for India, and on 23 Nov.
in the latter year was called to the bar at
Lincoln's Inn, where he was elected a bencher
in 1851. In 1850 Phillimore was appointed
reader in civil law and jurisprudence at the
Middle Temple. In 1851 he took silk, and in
the following year he was appointed reader
in constitutional law and legal history to the
Inns of Court. He represented Leominster
in the liberal interest in the parliament of
1852-7, and spoke with ability on free trade,
law reform, the ballot, and similar topics.
He died on 27 April 1865 at his residence,
Shiplake House, Oxfordshire. By his wife
Hosalind Margaret, younger daughter of Sir
James Lewis Knight Bruce [q, v.], he had
issue an only son.
Phillimore was a learned jurist and a man
of large culture. His writings, all published
at London (8vo), are as follows : ' Letter to
the Lord Chancellor on the Reform of the
Law/ 1846. 2. < Thoughts on Law Reform/
1847. 3. ' Introduction to the Study and
History of the Roman Law/ 1848. 4. * An
Inaugural Lecture on Jurisprudence, and a
Lecture on Canon Law/ 1851. 5. 'Principles
and Maxims of Jurisprudence,' 1856. 6. * In-
fluence of the Canon Law ' (in i Oxford
Essays 7 ), 1858. 7. 'Private Law among the
Romans/ 1863. 8. 'History of England
during the Reign of George the Third ' (one
volume only), 1863.
[Barker and Stenning's Westminster School Re-
gister ; Welch's Alumni Westmonast. ; Foster's
Alumni Oxon. and Baronetage ; Times, 27 April
1865 ; Haydn's Book of Dignities, ed. Ockerby ;
Members of Parliament (Official Lists); Law
Times, 6 May 1865; Gent. Mag. 1865, pt, i. p.
802.] J. M. B.
PHILLIMORE, JOSEPH (1775-1856),
civilian, eldest son of Joseph Phillimore,
vicar of Orton-on-the-Hill, Leicestershire, by
Mary, daughter of John Machin of Kensing-
ton, was born on 14 Sept. 1775, He was edu-
cated at Westminster School and Oxford,
where he matriculated from Christ Church
on 30 May 1793, graduated B.A. in 1797,
B.C.L. in 1800, and proceeded D.O.L. in 1804.
Besides prizes at Christ Church for Latin
verse in 1793 and Latin prose in 1798, Philli-
more gained, in the latter year, the university
English essay prize by a dissertation on
' Chivalry/ printed in the ' Oxford English.
Prize Essays/ Oxford, 1836, vol. ii.
Admitted a member of the College of Ad-
vocates on 21 Nov. 1804, he practised with,
success in the ecclesiastical and admiralty
courts, and in. 1806-7 was commissioner fo*r
the disposal of Prussian and Danish ships
seized by way of reprisals for the violation of
the neutrality of Hanover by the Prussian
government, and the submission of Denmark
to France. In 1809 he succeeded Dr. French
Laurence [q. v.] as regius professor of civil
law at Oxford, chancellor of the diocese of
Oxford, and judge of the court of admiralty
of the Cinque ports. On 17 March 1817
he was returned to parliament in the
Grenville interest for the borough of St.
Mawes, Cornwall, vacant by the death of
his friend Francis Homer "q. v.] ; he con-
tinued to represent it until tae dissolution of
2 June 1826. He was then (^9 June) re-
turned for Yarmouth, Isle of Wight, but did
not seek re-election on the dissolution of
24 July 1830.
Phillimore was one of the original mem-
bers of a short-lived third party formed in
1818. During his brief parliamentary career
he distinguished himself by his able advocacy
of catholic emancipation and his luminous ex-
positions of international law. He was placed
on the board of control for India upon its re-
constitution on 8 Feb. 1822, and 'ield office
until the fall of Lord GodericVs administra-
tion in January 1828. On 23 Jan. 1833 he was
named principal commissioner for the final
adjudication of the French claims under the
treaties of 1815 and 1818. He aleo presided
over the registration commission appointed
on 13 Sept. 1836, and drafted the report.
Phillimore was appointed king's advocate in
the court of admiralty on 25 Oct. 1834, and
chancellor of the diocese of Worcester and
commissary of the deanery of St. Paul's in
the same year ; chancellor of the diocese of
Bristol in 1842 r and judge of the consistory
court of Gloucester in 1846. He retained the
chair of civil law at Oxford until his death,
which took place at his residence, Shiplake
House, near Reading, on 24 Jan. 1855.
Phillimore married, on 19 March 1807,
Elizabeth (d. 1859), daughter of the Rev.
Walter Bagob, rector of Blithfield, Stafford-
shire, younger brother of William, first lord
Bagot, by whom he had, with, other issue,
Philltmore
1 86
Phillimore
rary i
John Urorge, Ureville, and Uohert Jow|h t
nil of whom nre Heynnvtely notiml,
Art a young* man IVtlltwore appenw to
have had a transient connect ion with tlw
Review, 1 He rereivrd thehouo^
* of LLJK from the univevMty of
in W\>\i WUH eteet'd K.U.S, on
Itt l<Vb 'lHN> f and a trustee of the Bu,sby
charity on &J May tho wane yii*r. At ( Kford ;
he wart long- remembered for tht* golden ; tintl np|Munl went*. He became
lattnitv and d'mtingmrthed manner in which * of the ileunn and elwptrrn of St. PuuTn and
lui dim'lwrjic d the duty incident to bin ehnir ' WeMt winder, utlteinl to tin* arehdeneonries
" ' of Middbwx and London in IHK), and HUC-
Krum :!0 Feb. Wtt to <> April 181*5 ho
hold tho pnht nf a rhn*k in th* olfu'e of tho
hmivd nf control. On Nov. 18JW h<i was
admitted itu mlvornto at Doctors' ( 'ominous,
and on 7 May isU \van called to tho
bar nf the Middle f IVi|>h, of whu*h inn he
ultiiitutftly b*rumo a Itent'hor and tronfmrer,
, H<* at unrr obtained a coiiHulorahlo prurtico,
\ and nUn funm received a number of ('(ThwaH*
ol
* i i *
Htraug'or.H tor dcgmw at coin-
1'hillimoro edit <d* Report H ofOiH<v-
and determined in I he- Kceh i nwstical
at Doctors' Cumwourt und in the High
of IMe^uteM (IHOU *Jl),' London,
M veils, Hvo; nnd 4 IlcportH of CIWCH argued
and determined in the Arrhen nnd Preropi-
tive Oonrtrt of < 'nnti-rhun/ containing the
judgment* ofSir Uctir^u LM<[<|, v,j t London,
'18*iii U, M VO!H, Hvo,
His * Sptnu'lu^H delivered hi the Sheblon
Thfrttre, utM'he, ('oiutiuunorauon ludden on
the 10th, Mth nnd loth of June IK'U, nt
which the Uulce of Wellington nrositled in
i*eivon/ were printed at. Oxford tht 1
year, 4to,
and StcnningV \VostintnHttM* Scl^oul
WnlohV* Aluww \Vi'iinoiuvt.; Kuj-t er'n
Oxotu and lhir<mtn}jffij ' PlnlliuMtrn;'
Univ. OaL 1810; I/mL (*iwilts JHa, |u MHJJ;
l Ockerhy j Mt'in-
rewHively cliunctdlor et ih* 1 ilioceweH of Chi-
chfMtrr itt 1S11, Snlt^bury in IHltl, nnd
Ovfurd in lN*o, lie tound j some, time, too, to
th^otp to Utrnitui'M. lit* broni;ht out Heve.
nil p,*itnphhtH *The (\in.st it tit ion unit is' in
iHoir.a* Letterfo Lord A^htntrton' in IH-li!,
the * C'u s 'it of the (Yeoh * in th
nnd wnue jnd^nieutw of the
court,'* of .tjit'cinl itntereNt,
Avith tin* Urenvilh* fnnuly,hiMf}
hnl to hU beiitj,r entruwtetl with tl>e com*-
t4))oi\di^u*e of (leorje, lortl Lytttdton, from
ITo'i to IT'/H, juM'wrvrfl at llaj/ley f which
he edited with noten uiul puhlisheil in 1H15,
huimi HIM pruetie** menutiiu^ \VUH fust incr<MiHin^;
in hi?* own dcjmriincnt of the profesHiou ho
Vho<4 ' a'pt*red in nlmoM. every ease of importance,
intimacy
judge of tho ('tuque portH in
IKfj"* ( Hueccctied hm father in the Aauw yoar
an tulmirnlty tt<ivocnti% WUH appointed a
<ju*en*H couiiHel hi iHoH, when the pnthah^
llaydtt'n Douk of DiiLrntti^ wU Odccrhy; Mt-in- nnd divirce coiirt wa establmhe<l, and in
IHM : H of Pnrlitutjttut^HriciHl LiNtn); (Ni*H Kwnl- , IHt'C* wnw appointed quoen'w advocate- mul
Jwrims of Oxford, p, 7ft i Lorn^ih'hcwt<u* l wliiHry j Ktii^htctl f nie American war, then rtif(h%
iii..HH, 28H; Gwt, MH^, IH'ia pt. ii, 4U11, IK.V pt, I raised numbers of (jnewtionn <n which ho,
i, JUflj Huekinpfliarr/H MvinotrH of tlu Court of ! W onietimoH alon<% Honutiinw with the uttor-
K'^laml, 1HU-"2(H SilU * Uj <t Memoirs ot't.lu* ' npy-genentl and tho ttotic.itor-gencralj waft
pourl of Ooiirgo IV. i.3i, r >8, 270, 270, JM, Ui,iu t j u , n , H p | W ii)lo advwerof tho mmintry. Bo-
JJU4, 3(J7.J M* H, fa r ^ | ; | H np. )n i n | nunt the A In bamti hud put
PHlLLlMOEEjHtH ROBERT JOSE PI I to wii, but :'UH opinion waft ^onwtantly ta!ieu
(IHlO-lBHf)), iMirouut, civilian and judg-e f , by tho foreign Hiuri'tary^on other inter-
third son of Joneph Phillunow [(|. v!j f wan . national <mt*Hti<nH, nntU after the HMKnro of
born at Whitohali'on fi No\% lHl(X In lH:H i the confethn'ftte coaiuwnion<rH on Iniard th
ho wa elected a 'WeHtmiiwter flcholur, went Britwh nmil-Httmmt^ Trent, whe.n lusjuih-
toChrIat{'hurch,()xiordwithaHtttdeutlijp linhed a pmnplUet, 'The Sebsuro oi tlu>
in IHSiH, won tho college pnssoH for Lntiu Bout horn Hnvoyn, 1
verae and Latin prows, and graduated H.A. In 1H47 h cunitcwted TaviKtoe.k and ( o-
witlt a second claHH in cluwHt 
